Public Water Supplies

in

Southern Texas

By W. L. BROADHURST, R. W. SUNDSTROM, and J. H. ROWLEY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1070

Prepared by Water Resources 

Division, in cooperation 

with the Texas State Board 

of Water Engineers

i nUr tnTY and is no 

official files. 

R. S. Sup.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1950
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price 35 cents (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract _________________________________________________________ 1

Introduction._____________________________________________________ 2

Extent of region and scope of report__-_-__---_-__-___________-__ 2

Acknowledgments. ____________________________________________ 3

Ground water.-_-_-___-_--_-___--____-________-___________________ 4

Area A______________--___---____________-____________________ 5

Area B_____________________________.______________ 6

Area C--___--_----_----_-_-_--____-____--_______--___________ 7

Area D___________________________________________________ 7

Surface water.____________________________________________________ 8

Chemical character of water._-__---_________---___-________________ 9

Analyses of water____________________________________________ 9

Mineral constituents in solution________________:________________ 9

Standards of water quality___________________________________ 12

Chemical character of ground-water supplies___--_-_-_-----_____-_ 13

Chemical character of surface-water supplies ______________________ 13

Bibliography_ _____ __--_--______________________________________ 15

Public water supplies_____________________________________________ 16

Aransas County.______________________________________________ 16

Rockport.__-_-----_-__--_____________--__________________ 16

Atascosa County._____________________________________________ 17

Campbellton. _____________________________________________ 17

Christine _____.-------______________.____________________- 17

Coughran __ _____________________________________________ 18

Jourdanton_ ______________________________________________ 18

North Pleasanton__________________________________________ 19

Pleasanton_______________________________________________. 20

Poteet______-----._____--____________________. 20

Bandera County____________________________________________ . 21

Bander a_ _______________________________________________ 21

Bee County____.-_---___.______________________________ 21

Beeville.-_---__---------____-_______________________-_-_.. 21

Pettus___________________________________.. 23

Bexar County.___-__---_______--__________________________-.. 24

Alamo Heights.____________________________________________ 24

San Antonio__---_-_-_______-_________-_________________-.. 25

Brooks County_______________________________________________ 28

Falfurrias_____._--_._____________________________.. 28

Caldwell County____------._________________-__._____.. 30

Dale____________________________________.. 30

Fentress _ ________________________________________________ 31

Lockhart __________________________________________________ 31

Luling._________________________________________________ 32

m
IV CONTENTS

Public water supplies Continued Page

Caldwell County Continued

Lytton Springs____._______________________________________ 33

Martindale. ______________________________________________ 34

Maxwell_________________________________ 34

McMahan. __________________________________ 35

Uhland_________________________________________ 35

Calhoun County___________________________________ 36

Port Lavaca______________________________________________ 36

Seadrift____________________________________ 37

Cameron County______________________________________________ 37

Brownsville. _ _____________________________________________ 37

Combes__________________________________________________ 38

Harlingen_ _______________________________________________ 38

La Feria____________________________________ 39

Los Fresnos__________________________:____________________ 40

Port Isabel..-.____________________________ 40

Rio Hondo___________________________________ 40

San Benito__-__-_________________________________________ 41

Comal County----__--_________________________--_____________ 41

New Braunfels____________________________________________ 41

De Witt County____.______________________________ 42

Cuero______________________________________ 42

Nordheim_ _____________________________________________ 45

Yorktown_ _______________________________________________ 46

Dimmit County______-_-__________________________________-___ 46

Asherton. _____ . ________________________________________ 46

Big Wells_______-__-____-________.___________________ 47

Brundage_______________________________________________ 48

Carrizo Springs____-__________________-_____-___-_-___-___ 48

Catarina.________________________________________________ 49

Duval County______________________________________________-_ 50

Benavides ________________________________________________ 50

Freer.___________________________________________________ 51

San DiegO-_--_-__-________.______________-_____---_____-_ 52

Frio County__________________________________________________ 53

Dilley-_____-__-__--_____________-_--_-_-_-______--___-_-_ 53

Pearsall__________________________________________________ 54

Goliad County________________________________________________ 56

Goliad. ______________________________________________ 56

Gonzales County______________________________________________ 57

Gonzales-__-___-___________________-_-__-__--_----__----_ 57

Nixon_______________________________.__________ 57

Waelder________________________-_-_--_-____ 58

Guadalupe County._____________________________-___-_-----_-- 58

Marion.________________________________________________ 58

Seguin ___________________________________________________ 59

Hays County_________________________________________-_____-_ 59

Buda. ___________________________ _______-___---_ 59

Kyle_-____________________________--__-----_-_----------- 60

San Marcos_____________________________--__-___-_-------- 61
CONTENTS V

Public water supplies Continued Page

Hidalgo County_______________--- - 62

Alamo...___________________,______________ 62

Donna ___________________________________________________ 62

Ed Couch__________._____..._....__.__....._ 63

Edinburg_________-___________-________________-----_-_--. 63

Elsa_ _.._-._._.-___._.._.._._._..____._._.__-__-_ 64

McAllen____________________________________ 65

Mercedes._ _______________________________________________ 66

Mission.__________________-_-_____--_____-----_-__------- 67

Pharr.._____-__._.._-__.-..__---...-_-_----.-----..---- 67

San Juan_________________________________________________ 68

Weslaco______-______________-_______-_-_---_---_-_-_---_- 69

Jim Hogg County______________.___________--.________________ 70

Hebbronville________________________________. 70

Jim Wells County.____________.__________________ 72

Alice______________________________________ 72

Orange Grove_______________________________________-_--_- 74

Premont____-______________________________--___------_- 75

Karnes County._______________________________________________ 75

Falls City________________________________ 75

Gillett. _____________________________________---___- 76

Karnes City___________.________-___-____________ 76

Kenedy______________._________________________ 77

Runge_____________________-_-___________ 78

Kendall County._____________________________._ 79

Boerne_______--__________________________________________ 79

Kinney County.______________________________________________ 80

Brackettville_________________________________ 80

Kleberg County_______________________._________ 80

Kingsville.._________________________________ 80

La Salle County_________________________________ 82

Cotulla____________________________________ 82

Fowlerton ________________________________________________ 84

Live Oak County________^________________________-_____.____ 84

George West______________________________________________ 84

Three Rivers___________________________________ 85

Maverick County____________________________________________ 85

Eagle Pass________________________________ 85

Medina County_______________________________________________ 86

Devine____________________________________ 86

Hondo._______________________.__________ 86

Nueces County______________________________________________ 87

Agua Dulce_-_____________________________________________ 87

Bishop_____________________________________ 88

Corpus Christi____________________________________________ 88

Port Aransas____________________________________________ 90

Robstown. _______________________________________________ 90

Ref ugio County_______________________________________________ 91

Austwell____________________________________ 91

Refugio__________________________________________ 92

Woodsboro__ _________________________________________ 93
VI CONTENTS

Public water supplies Continued Page

San Patrick) County__________-_-------------------_-----_-___, 93

Aransas Pass.________--______-___-_---_-_--______-_____ 93

Mathis__._______._____-___-_-_-_-_--_-_______-_._ 95

Odem_____..._______________________________________ 95

Sinton___________________________________________________ 96

Taft_____________________________________________________ 97

Starr County_________________________________________________ 98

Rio Grande City___________-_-___-_----______---________-_ 98

Roma.__________-_-_________----_---__-_----______-___- 99

Uvalde County._____________________________________________ 100

Sabinal___________________________________________________ 100

Uvalde___________________________________________________ 101

Victoria County.____________________________________________ 102

Victoria..______..___-______-___-_______----_______--_ 102

Webb County_________-______---_-_-_-_----------------------_ 104

Laredo_ __________________________________________________ 104

Willacy County._._______________-__--__--_---_----__-_-_-_-__ 107

Lyford_______________________________ ___________________ 107

Raymondville. _ ________-___-_--_-_-__-_----_--__-_-___-_-- 107

Wilson County.________.__.___-_._--_---_-_ .___---_-_-__--__ 108

Floresville.___ _____________ _______________________________ 108

Poth______._._________._______...__......_____...__..___. 108

Saspamco___._________..____-__-__________-__-_-_______-- 109

Stockdale. _________________.___-_--_-_________________ 110

Zapata County__.___________________..______-_-_----___-__-_--- 110

Zapata________________________________-___-_______. _____ 110

Zavala County._--______-________-_-_-_.-______----___--_----- Ill

Crystal City_________________-________-------__-_------- 111

La Pryor__________________________._-_----_---______----_ 112

Index___.________________________________________________________ 113

ILLUSTKATION

PLATE 1. Map showing public water supplies in southern Texas and areal 

subdivisions- _ __ _ _ _____________________________________________
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

By W. L. BROADHURST, K. W. SUNDSTROM, and J. H. ROWLEY

ABSTRACT

This report gives a summarized description of the public water supplies in 42 

counties of southern Texas, extending from the Rio Grande northward to the 

northern boundaries of Kinney, Uvalde, Bandera, Kendall, and Hays Counties 

and eastward to the eastern boundaries of Caldwell, Gonzales, DeWitt, Victoria, 

and Calhoun Counties. It gives the available data as follows for each of the 114 

communities: Population of the community; name of the official from whom the 

information was obtained; ownership of water works, whether private or municipal; source of supply, whether ground or surface water; the amount of water 

consumed; the facilities for storage; the number of customers served; the character 

of the chemical and sanitary treatment, if any; and chemical analyses of the water. 

Where ground water is used, the following information also is given: Records of 

wells, including drillers' logs; character of the pumping equipment; yield of the 

wells and records of water levels, where they are available.

The communities served by these public supplies had a population of 668,000 

in 1940. Ground water is used by 79 of these communities and surface water by 

31, The total amount of water consumed averages about 95 million gallons a 

day, of which about 55 million gallons is obtained from ground water and about 

40 million gallons from surface water.

The extreme northern part of the region lies on the Edwards Plateau, and the 

remainder lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain. The rocks that crop out in the 

region are practically all sedimentary and consist chiefly of limestone, shale, clay, 

sandstone, sand, and gravel. They range in geologic age from Lower Cretaceous 

to Quaternary.

The general geologic structure of the region is comparatively simple. The 

most prominent features are the regional gulfward dip of the formations at an 

angle greater than the slope of the land surface, which is a significant factor 

governing the ocurrence of artesian water, and faulting along the Balcones fault 

zone which controls the occurrence and movement of ground water in the Edwards 

and associated limestones.

Among the most important aquifers are the Edwards limestone of Lower Cretaceous age; the Carrizo sand, sands of the Mount Selman formation, the Oakville 

sandstone, and the Goliad sand of Tertiary age; and the Lissie formation and 

sands of the Beaumont clay of Quaternary age. Each of these units has outcrop 

areas from which the beds dip beneath younger formations to increasingly greater 

depths.

For convenience in summarizing the sources of municipal water supplies, the 

region has been divided into four areas, as shown on plate 1. In area A, Bandera 

obtains its water from sands in the Trinity group; Divine in southeastern Medina

1
2 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

County obtains water from sands in the Wilcox group or the Carrizo sand; and 

Boerne in southern Kendall County obtains its supply from Recent alluvium. 

The remainder of the municipalities in the area obtain water from the Edwards 

limestone, which has the greatest perennial yield of any aquifer in Texas. In area 

B, the Carrizo sand is the important aquifer in most of the area, although in the 

northeastern part several towns that are above the outcrop of the Carrizo sand 

obtain water from sands in the Wilcox group. In area C, all of the cities and 

towns use surface water with the exception of Falls City, Gonzales, and Three 

Rivers. In area D, which is adjacent to the Gulf Coast, the principal sources of 

ground water are the Catahoula tuff, the Oakville sandstone, sands of the Lagarto 

clay, the Goliad sand, the Lissie formation, and sands of the Beaumont clay.

Most of the public supplies obtained from surface water in Southern Texas 

are filtered and frequently are given further treatment that alters the chemical 

character of the water. All except two of the supplies from the Rio Grande are 

given some chemical treatment and about two-thirds of them are filtered. Of 

the 182 analyses given in this report, 138 are from wells or springs. In general, 

the supplies from wells conform to the accepted standards of water quality. In 

dissolved solids about one-fourth of the waters have less than 500 parts per million; 

about three-eights have between 500 and 1,000 parts per million; and the remainder 

have more than 1,000 parts per million. Less than half of the supplies have 

chlorides of more than 250 parts per million, and few have sulfates of more than 

250 parts per million. About one-third of the waters is in the soft to moderately 

soft range of hardness; about one-third is in the moderately hard to hard range 

and one-third is in the very hard range. The chemical composition of the surface water varies through a rather wide range. At Rio Grande City, samples 

collected from the Rio Grande between 1935 and 1942 show dissolved solids 

ranging from 225 to 1,760 parts per million. At Three Rivers, samples collected 

from the Nueces River from 1941 to 1945 show dissolved solids ranging from 195 

to 1,068 parts per million. At Spring Branch on the Guadalupe River, samples 

collected in 1942 show dissolved solids ranging from 150 to 540 parts per million; 

samples collected at Goliad from the San Antonio River in 1942 show dissolved 

solids ranging from 110 to 750 parts per million.

INTRODUCTION 

EXTENT OF REGION AND SCOPE OF REPORT

This is the second of a series of reports giving summary descriptions 

of the public water supplies in Texas. The first, a mimeographed 

report covering 77 counties in eastern Texas, was released by the 

Texas State Board of Water Engineers in February 1945.1

The region covered by the present report includes the 42 counties 

that extend from the Rio Grande northward and northeastward to 

the northern boundaries of Kinney, Uvalde, Bandera, Kendall, and 

Hays Counties and the northeastern boundaries of Caldwell, Gonzales, 

DeWitt, Victoria, and Calhoun Counties (See pi. 1). It comprises 

43,897 square miles and in 1940 had a population of 1,147,340.

The 114 cities and towns in this region that have public wateri Published also by Geological Survey as Sundstrom, R. W., Hastings, W. W., Broadhurst, W. L., Public 

Water supplies in eastern Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1047,1948.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER SUPPLY PAPER 1070 PLATE I

\OFentress

ALDWELL

NZALES " LAVACA 

f

OSonzoles

ATASCOSA

Poteet 

North 

Pieoaonlon

JIM WELLS

Orange* / VOdem, Toft» Arons

1 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN 

CENTRAL AND NORTH CENTRAL 

TEXAS (WATER SUPPLY PAPER 1069

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

IN SOUTHERN TEXAS 

AND AREAL SUBDIVISIONS

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

IN EASTERN TEXAS 

(WATER SUPPLY PAPER 1047)

CAMERONQRio Hondo

EXPLANATION

 Supply from ground water 

O Supply from surface water

863013 O - 50 (Face p. 2)
INTRODUCTION 3

supply systems had a population of 668,000 in 1940. They use on the 

average about 95,000,000 gallons of water a day, of which about 

55,000,000 gallons is ground water and about 40,000,000 gallons is 

surface water. Ground water is used by 83 of the communities and 

.surface water by 30; one town, Fen tress, in Caldwell County has a 

supply utilizing both ground and surface water.

The need for certain basic data in the studies of quantitative and 

qualitative problems of public water supplies has long been apparent. 

This is especially true in Texas where, in recent years, there has been 

an enormous increase in the demand for water for public and industrial 

uses. The phenomenal growth of many Texas cities has resulted in 

the need from time to time for expanding or rebuilding the waterworks 

systems. Most of the communities throughout the State originally 

used ground water, and most of them still do. Some still use the 

original source of supply, some have developed additional sources of 

ground water, and others have changed from inadequate supplies of 

ground water to surface water.

The available information for each community is given in condensed 

form as follows: Population in 1940; name of official from whom the 

information was obtained; ownership of waterworks, whether private 

or municipal; source of supply, whether ground water or surface 

water; the amount of water consumed; the facilities for storage; the 

number of consumers served; the character of the chemical and 

sanitary treatment of the water; and chemical analyses of the water. 

Where ground water is used the following is also given: Records of 

wells, including depth, diameter, and drillers' logs; character of pumping equipment; yield of the wells; records of water levels, if available; 

and temperature of the water. Unfortunately many communities have 

kept poor records, or no records at all, of the amount of ground water 

pumped and the resulting decline of water level or artesian pressure in 

the wells since they were drilled, and for such localities the information 

given is necessarily incomplete. The availability of this information 

is vitally important, particularly in areas where the withdrawals from 

underground supplies are approaching the limits of safety or where 

large increases in withdrawals are anticipated.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the well drillers, city officials, 

and others who furnished most of the descriptive material that is 

given for each public supply. The investigation was made possible 

through the cooperation of the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, and the Texas State Board of Water Engineers. The greater part of the field work was done and most of this 

report was prepared by W. L. Broadhurst and R. W. Sundstrom of the
4 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Geological Survey, under the direction of W. N. White, district engineer in charge of the ground-water investigations in Texas. Most of 

the analyses of water were made in the laboratory of the Geological 

Survey at Austin, and the section on chemical character of water was 

prepared by J. H. Rowley under the direction of W. W. Hastings, 

district chemist in charge of the laboratory.

GROUND WATER

The scope of this report does not permit a discussion of the more 

complex details of the occurrence of ground water in each locality, 

and the following statements are brief and general. In several parts 

of the region, however, detailed studies of the geology and groundwater resources have been made and reports covering them have been 

issued. The reader is referred to the bibliography on pages 15 and 16 

for a list of the reports.

The extreme northern part of the region lies on the Edwards 

Plateau, and the remainder lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain. The 

rocks that crop out in the region are mostly sedimentary and consist 

chiefly of limestones, shales, clays, sandstones, sands, and gravels. 

They range in geologic age from Lower Cretaceous to Quaternary. 

Igneous rocks are exposed in a few localities along the Balcones fault 

zone, which extends from Uvalde County eastward and northeastward through Medina, Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties, but these 

rocks are not known to yield water.

The general geologic structure of the region is comparatively simple. 

The most prominent features are the regional gulfward dip of the 

formations at an angle greater than the slope of the Jand surface, 

which is a significant factor governing the occurrence of artesian water, 

and the faulting along the Balcones fault zone, which controls the 

occurrence and movement of ground water in the Edwards and 

associated limestones.

Among the most important aquifers are the Edwards limestone of 

Lower Cretaceous age; the Carrizo sand, sands of the Mount Selman 

formation, the Oakville sandstone, and the Goliad sand, of Tertiary 

age; and the Lissie formation and sands of the Beaumont clay, of 

Quaternary age. Each of these units has outcrop areas from which 

the beds dip beneath younger formations to increasingly greater 

depths.

In general, each water-bearing formation is underlain and overlain 

by relatively impermeable clays or shales that serve effectively as 

confining beds. Hence, the fresh water that occurs in each waterbearing formation is derived mostly from precipitation or seepage 

from streams on the outcrop areas of that particular formation. In
GROUND WATER 5

the outcrop areas of water-bearing formations the water occurs under 

water-table conditions; that is, the water will not rise in wells above 

the level at which it is encountered by the drill. The water moves 

slowly from the outcrop down the dip between impermeable beds, 

where it is confined under artesian conditions, which will cause it to 

rise in wells above the level at which it is encountered. The water 

may or may not rise to the surface and overflow, depending on the 

hydrostatic pressure in the aquifer and the altitude of the land surface 

at the well site.

For convenience in summarizing the sources of the municipal 

water supplies, the region has been divided into four areas: A, B, C, 

and D on the map. (See pi. 1.)

Area A. This area consists of a narrow belt extending from the 

Rio Grande northeastward across the Edwards Plateau along and 

adjacent to the Balcones fault zone. With the exception of Eagle 

Pass in Maverick County, which obtains water from the Rio Grande, 

all cities and towns in the area use ground water.

Sands in the Trinity group, the basal unit of the Lower Cretaceous 

series, crop out in the Edwards Plateau along the northern boundary 

of the area and dip southeastward. Bandera in east-central Bandera 

County is the only town in the area that obtains water from these 

sands. Devine in southeastern Medina County obtains water from 

sands in the Wilcox group or the Carrizo sand, and Boerne in southern 

Kendall County obtains its supply from Recent alluvium. The 

remaining municipalities in the area obtain water from the Edwards 

limestone, which has the greatest perennial yield of any aquifer in 

Texas. The large springs at San Marcos, New Braunfels, San 

Antonio, and other places along the Balcones fault zone, which are 

among the largest in the Southwest, issue from solution channels in 

the Edwards limestone. At San Antonio and vicinity artesian wells 

in the Edwards limestone supply more than 100 million gallons a dajr 

for municipal, industrial, military, and agricultural purposes.

Listed below are the municipalities in Area A whose public sup* 

plies are obtained from ground-water sources and also the probable 

water-bearing formation or group of formations from which the water 

is drawn.

Municipalities in Area A and probable water-bearing formation from which water

is drawn

Alamo Heights __________ Edwards limestone.

Bandera.--_____________ Trinity group.

Boerne_-_______________ Recent alluvium.

Brackettville____________ Edwards limestone.

Buda__________________ Do.

Devine_________________ Carrizo sand or Wilcox group.
6 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Municipalities in Area A and probable water-bearing formation from which water

is drawn Continued

Hondo_________________ Edwards limestone.

Kyle_________.__ Do.

New Braunfels. _________ Do.

Sabinal_______________ Do.

San Antonio.___________ Do.

San Marcos___________ Do.

Uvalde----__---_--_____ Do.

Area B. This area joins Area A on the southeast. The Carrizo 

sand is generally the principal aquifer, although in the northeastern 

part of the area several towns that are northwest of the outcrop of the 

Carrizo sand obtain water from sands in the Wilcox group. The 

Carrizo sand crops out in a narrow belt that extends from the Rio 

Grande north and northeastward across Dimmit, Zavala, Frio, 

Atascosa, Wilson, Guadalupe, and Caldwell Counties. The sand dips 

southeastward toward the Gulf, and in LaSalle County it yields water 

suitable for municipal use at a depth of more than 2,500 feet, whereas 

in Gonzales County it yields rather highly mineralized water at a 

depth of 1,650 feet. A few towns in the area obtain water from the 

Mount Selman formation and a few rely on shallow wells in Pliocene 

or Pleistocene terrace deposits. Three towns, Campbellton, Fentress, 

and Seguin, use surface water.

Listed below are the municipalities in Area B whose public supplies 

are obtained from ground-water sources, and also the probable waterbearing formation or group of formations from which the water is 

drawn.

Municipalities using ground water, and probable water-bearing formations

Asherton_______________ Carrizo sand.

Big Wells._________ Do. 

Brundage_____________ Do.

Carrizo Springs________ Do.

Catarina_______________ Do.

Christine _______________ Mount Selman formation.

Cotulla_______________ Carrizo sand.

Coughran_____________ Mount Selman formation.

Crystal City.___________ Carrizo sand.

Dale____-______________ Wilcox group.

Dilley__________________ Carrizo sand.

Floresville_-_-__________ Do.

Fowlerton______________ Mount Selman formation.

Jourdanton_____________ Carrizo sand

La Pryor_______________ Do.

Lockhart-_,_----_______ Pliocene or Pleistocene terrace deposits.

Luling_________________ Wilcox group.

Lytton Springs._________ Do.

McMahan._____ Do.
GROUND WATER 7

Municipalities using ground water, and probable water-bearing formations Con.

Marion. _ __ ___________ Austin chalk.

Martindale. ____________ Pliocene or Pleistocene terrace deposits.

Maxwell_____ __ ______ Do.

Nixon. __ _____________ Carrizo sand.

North Pleasanton __ ____ Do.

PearsalL. ______________ Do.

Pleasanton. __ ________ Mount Selman formation.

Poteet_ ________________ Carrizo sand.

Poth _____________ Do.

Saspamco. ___ ________ Wilcox group.

Stockdale_______________ Queen City sand member of the Mount

	Selman formation.

Area C. This area is L shaped, extending through the central part 

of the region and southeastward along the Rio Grande from Laredo 

to the Gulf. All cities and towns in the area use surface water, and 

with the exception of Falls City, Gonzales, and Three Rivers they all 

obtain water from the Rio Grande.

Area D. In Area D, which is adjacent to the gulf coast, the 

principal sources of ground water are the Catahoula tuff, the Oakville 

sandstone, sands in the Lagarto clay, the Goliad sand, the Lissie 

formation, and sands of the Beaumont clay. With the exception of 

Corpus Christi, Raymond ville, and Robstown, all communities in 

this area use ground water, most of which is obtained from the abovenamed sands.

Listed below are the cities and towns in Area D whose public supplies 

are obtained from ground-water sources and also the probable waterbearing formation or group of formations from which the water is 

drawn.

Municipalities using ground water, and probable water-bearing formation

Agua Dulce _ __________ Goliad sand.

Aransas Pass __ ________ Beach deposits or sands in Beaumont

clay. 

Austwell __ ___________ Sands in Beaumont clay.

Beeville. _______________ ___________________________________

Benevedas_______ _______ Goliad sand.

Bishop _________________ Goliad sand or Lissie formation.

Combes________________ Recent alluvium.

Cuero_____ _____________ Catahoula tuff and Oakville sandstone.

Falfurrias __ __________ Goliad sand.

Freer___________.______ Catahoula tuff.

George West _ _________ Catahoula tuff or Oakville sandstone.

. Gillett_________________ Yegua formation.

Goliad _________________ Sands in Lagarto clay or Goliad sand.

Hebbronville _ _________ Catahoula tuff or Oakville sandstone.

Karnes City ____________ Catahoula tuff.
8 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Municipalities using ground water, and probable water-bearing formation Con.

Kenedy._______________ Oakville sandstone.

Kingsville______________ Goliad sand or Lissie formation.

La Feria________________ ___________________________________

Lyford_________________ Goliad sand or Lissie formation.

Mathis_________________ Goliad sand. 

Nordheim._____________ Catahoula tuff or Oakville sandstone.

Odem__________________ Sands in Beaumont clay.

Orange Grove.__________ Goliad sand.

Pettus_________________ Oakville sandstone or sands in Lagarto

clay. 

Port Aransas__________ Beach deposits.

Port Lavaca.___________ Lissie formation or sands in Beaumont

clay. 

Premont______________ Goliad sand.

Refugio. _______________ Do.

Rockport__-____________ Beach deposits or sands in Beaumont

clay. 

Runge________-_-_--___ Oakville sandstone.

San Diego._____________ Goliad sand?

Seadrift________________ Beach deposits or sands in Beaumont

clay. 

Sinton_________________ Goliad sand and Lissie formation.

Woodsboro_____________ Lissie formation.

Yorktown_____-_---____ Catahoula tuff or Oakville sandstone.

SURFACE WATER

In the region covered by this report surface water is used by 31 

communities including one town, Fentress, in Caldwell County, 

where a well also is used. Of the 31 communities 24 are in Area C 

where little or no ground water suitable for public supply is available. 

The average total consumption of surface water for municipal use in 

the region is about 40,000,000 gallons a day.

In Area A the public supply of Eagle Pass is obtained from the Rio 

Grande, and the requirement for the city averages about 900,000 

gallons a day.

In Area B water for Campbellton in Atascosa County is obtained 

from the Atascosa River; a part of the supply for Fentress in Caldwell 

County is obtained from the San Marcos River; and at Seguin in 

Guadalupe County the supply is obtained from the Guadalupe River. 

The requirements for Seguin are by far the largest and average about 

1,000,000 gallons a day.

In Area C, 24 of the municipalities use an average of about 19,000,000 

gallons a day from the Rio Grande. The requirements for Laredo, 

which is about 7,000,000 gallons a clay, is by far the largest in this 

area. Small quantities of water are pumped from the San Antonio 

River for a part of the public supply of Falls City. Gon ales uses
CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF WATER 9

about 350,000 gallons a day from the Guadalupe River; and Three 

Rivers uses about 100,000 gallons a day from the Frio River.

In Area D Raymondville uses about 500,000 gallons a day from the 

Rio Grande. Corpus Christi uses about 16,000,000 gallons a day 

and Robstown about 640,000 gallons a day from the Nueces River.

CHEMICAL, CHARACTER OF WATER

ANALYSES OF WATER

The analyses in this report deal with the dissolved mineral constituents in water and have no bearing on the sanitary fitness of the water. 

Of the 182 analyses listed, 10 were made by the Texas State Department of Health and 172 were made by the Geological Survey.

As the chemical quality of water from an individual well seldom 

shows any appreciable variation, except in very shallow wells or wells 

in aquifers subject to salt-water encroachment, a single analysis of 

water from a well is generally representative of the character of the 

water over long periods. For supplies that are treated or are obtained 

from streams, periodic analyses are needed to determine the range in 

the chemical character of the water. Water from most rivers shows 

a wide range in dissolved minerals and hardness during the year.

About a third of the public supplies from wells listed in this report 

receive treatment. All except two of the supplies from streams are 

given some chemical treatment and about two-thirds of them are 

filtered. The processes used for each supply are listed in the report 

in the order of their use.

 The analyses were made by methods in general use. 2 They include 

results for silica (SiO2), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), 

sodium (Na), potassium (K) (or sodium and potassium as sodium), 

bicarbonate (HCO3), sulfate (SO4), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), nitrate 

(NO3), dissolved solids, total hardness as CaCO3 , and hydrogen-ion 

concentration (pH). The mineral constituents are reported in parts 

per million and in equivalents per million for those radicals that enter 

into ionic balance.

MINERAL CONSTITUENTS IN SOLUTION

Rain and. snow are almost free from mineral constituents, but when 

the water reaches the earth it begins to dissolve the minerals in the 

rocks and soils over which it flows or through which it percolates. 

The amount and type of minerals that are dissolved depend on the 

solubility and type of rocks and soils present and the length of time

* Collins, W. D., Notes on practical water analysis: U. S. Geol, Survey Water-Supply Paper 596-H 

1928; Am. Public Health Assoc.; Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Sewage, 7th ed., 

1932.
10 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

the water is in contact with those materials. The constituents given 

in the analyses in this report are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Silica (SiO2) is found in all natural waters and is usually present in 

greater quantities in ground waters than in surface waters. The 

presence of silica in water does not affect its usefulness except when 

the water is used for boilers. It contributes to the formation of boiler 

scale, either directly as a silica scale that causes local overheating or 

by cementing the other minerals together into a hard, troublesome 

scale that causes loss in heat transfer.

Iron (Fe) is dissolved from practically all rocks. It is often dissolved from pipes, hot-water lines, and boilers in quantities large 

enough to be objectionable. Waters low in dissolved mineral matter 

and waters of low pH tend to be relatively corrosive. Even a small 

amount of iron in water is undesirable because the iron precipitates 

on exposure to air, causing "red water" and resulting in stains on 

enameled or porcelain ware and fixtures and on clothing and other 

fabrics washed in the water. Iron is easily removed from many 

waters by aeration and filtration.

Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are found in waters that have 

come in contact with limestone, dolomite, calcareous sand, and gypsum. They are also the chief basic constituents in many soft waters. 

Magnesium is found in considerable quantities when the waters are 

contaminated with sea' water or have come in contact with deposits 

of sea salts. The scale found in containers where water is heated or 

evaporated is almost entirely caused by the presence of calcium and 

magnesium.

Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are found in all natural waters; 

the quantity of potassium generally is comparatively small. Sodium 

is the chief basic constituent in sea water and most brines. In semiarid regions, large quantities of sodium salts may be dissolved from 

soils and alkali deposits. Sodium sulfate may be present in large 

quantities in streams that receive drainage from irrigated land. 

Moderate quantities of sodium and potassium have no effect on the 

suitability of the water either for domestic or for most industrial uses. 

Higher quantities may cause trouble in operation of high-pressure 

steam boilers.

Carbonate (CO3 ) and bicarbonate (HCO3 ) in water are present 

mainly as a result of the action of carbon dioxide in solution on carbonates in soils and rocks. Carbonate is not generally found in natural 

waters. Bicarbonate has little effect on the suitability of water for 

municipal supplies, except that when present in very large amounts 

it affects the potability of the water.

Sulfate (SO4) may be dissolved in large quantities from gypsum or 

from deposits of sodium sulfate. Sulfate is also found in considerable
CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF WATER 11

quantities in water from mines and beds of shale as a result of the 

oxidation of sulfides of iron. The content of sulfate is increased by 

the use of alum as a coagulent in the treatment of the water. High 

sulfate in waters in combination with high calcium and magnesium 

causes the formation of hard scale in steam boilers; this combination 

increases the cost of softening the water.

Chloride (Cl) in large amounts, in combination with sodium, causes 

a salty taste, making the water undesirable for drinking. Appreciable 

quantities of chloride in equilibrium with calcium and magnesium may 

increase the corrosiveness of water. In some Texas waters sodium 

chloride is the main chemical constituent and occurs in such concentrations as to cause the water to be unsatisfactory for some industrial 

uses.

Nitrate (NO3) is considered to be the final, oxidation product of 

nitrogenous organic material. Some nitrate may be dissolved from 

rocks and soils but very few rocks contain appreciable amounts of 

nitrate salts. Nitrate has no effect on the value of water for ordinary 

purposes. It may serve as an indicator of contamination by sewage 

or other organic material.

Fluoride (F) is reported to occur in the rocks of the earth's crust in 

about half the amount reported for chloride. However, the amount 

of fluoride in natural water is much less than the amount of chloride. 

The relation of the occurrence of fluoride in water to mottled enamel 

of teeth has been recognized for some time. 3 Mottled enamel has 

been found to be associated with the use, by children less than 8 

years of age, of drinking water having a fluoride content of 1.0 part per 

million or more.4 Additional studies 5 have indicated that the occurrence of dental caries (decay) has been decreased by the use of 

drinking water containing measurable amounts of fluoride, though 

not so much as 1.0 part per million.

The figure for dissolved solids represents the total of the dissolved 

mineral constituents in the water, including any organic matter and 

water of crystallization. The palatability of water is affected by the 

amount of dissolved solids. Most waters with more than 1,000 parts 

per million of total solids are undesirable for municipal supply.

The hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) of a water indicates its degree 

of acidity or alkalinity, a factor which determines the corrosiveness of 

the water. Dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, free acid, and acid-

* Smith, H. V., and Smith, M. C., Mottled enamel in Arizona and its correlation with concentration of 

fluorides in water supplies: Ariz. Univ. Coll. er. Bull., 43, p. 284,1932.

' * Dean, H. Trendley, Chronic endemic dental fluorosis: Amer. Med. Assoc. Jour. vol. 107, pp. 1269-1272, 

1936.

8 Dean, H. T., Jac. P., Arnold. F. A., Jr., and Elvove, E., Domestic water and dental caries: Public 

Health Kept., vol. 56, pp. 365-381, 761-792, 1941.

863013 50 2
12 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

generating salts are the main constituents that cause corrosion; alkalinity is a factor that decreases corrosion. Water for public use 

should not be corrosive because it will attack and destroy metal surfaces, resulting in an increase in the iron content of the water and 

damage to the pipes used hi the distribution system. Proper control 

of the pH by treatment will prevent corrosion.

Hardness is probably the most important factor to be considered in 

deciding on the suitability of a water supply for industrial or domestic 

use. Hardness is due almost entirely to the calcium and magnesium 

present in the water. It is commonly known that limestone waters 

are hard, whereas sandstone waters are soft. The two types of hardness are carbonate and noncarbonate. Carbonate hardness is that 

caused by calcium and magnesium equivalent to the bicarbonate contamed in the water, and the noncarbonate hardness is the remainder 

of the hardness. These two terms are approximately equivalent to 

the old terms "temporary hardness" and "permanent hardness," 

respectively. The scale caused by the carbonate hardness may be 

porous and easily removed, but the scale due to noncarbonate hardness is hard and very difficult to remove. Hardness is recognized 

by the layman in terms of the amount of soap required to make a good 

lather and by the deposits of insoluble material formed when water is 

heated or evaporated. The treatment necessary to soften water 

depends on the kind and amount of hardness. The following degrees 

of hardness of water are referred to in this report: With hardness of 50 

parts per million or less the waters are considered soft; with 50 to 

100 parts per million, moderately soft; with 100 to 150 parts per million, moderately hard; with 150 to 250 parts per million, hard; and 

above 250 parts per million, very hard.

STANDARDS OF WATER QUALITY

The effect of various constituents in water that is used for public 

supply and for industrial purposes, with reference to Texas well waters, 

is discussed by Cohen in an early bulletin by the Texas State Department of Health.6 The standards most widely used at present for 

judging the quality of domestic water supplies are those of the United 

States Public Health Service for the drinking and culinary water 

supply used by common carriers in interstate commerce.7

6 Cohen, Chester A., Chemical analyses of Texas well waters: Texas State Dept. of Health Bull., 1931.

7 Public Health Service drinking water standards: Public Health Reports, vol. 61, pp. 371-384,1946.
CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF WATER 13 

CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF GROUND-WATER SUPPLIES

Of the 182 analyses given in this report 138 are for public supplies 

obtained from wells or springs. In general, these supplies conform to 

the accepted standards of water quality. Of dissolved solids about 

one-fourth of the waters have less than 500 parts per million, about 

three-eighths have between 500 and 1,000 parts per million, and the 

remainder have more than 1,000 parts per million. Less than half 

the supplies have chloride contents of more than 250 parts per million, 

and only a very few have sulfate contents of more than 250 parts per 

million.

With regard to hardness about one-third of the waters are soft to 

moderately soft, about one-third are moderately hard to hard, and 

about one-third are very hard.

All the cities and towns in this region that are served with ground 

water are in areas A, B, and D. (See map, pi. 1.) In area A the 

ground-water supplies are generally very hard, but most of them have 

less than 500 parts per million of dissolved solids. In area B the dissolved solids are usually above 500 parts per million but seldom 

exceed 1,000 parts per million, and some of the supplies are soft 

although about half are considered hard. In area D many of the 

ground-water supplies have dissolved solids above 1,000 parts per 

million; these are generally hard.

CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF SURFACE-WATER SUPPLIES

The mineral content and hardness of some surface waters vary 

widely from time to time, the concentration usually decreasing during 

periods of high flow and increasing during periods of low flow. Therefore, the analysis of a single sample from a surface source may be 

entirely inadequate as an index of tlie suitability of the water for 

public supply. A daily sampling program continued for years may 

be necessary in order to determine the extremes and average in mineral 

content.

In the region covered by this report, 23 public supplies are obtained 

from the Rio Grande, 2 from the Nueces River, 2 from the Guadalupe 

River, and 1 each from the Atascosa, Frio, San Antonio, and San 

Marcos Rivers.

Considerable information is available concerning the quality of the 

water in the Rio Grande, Nueces, San Antonio, and Guadalupe Rivers. 

The average composition together with the maximum and minimum
14 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

concentrations shown by the available records are given in the table 

below.

Average and extremes in composition of the water of the Rio Orande, Nueces, San 

Antonio, and Ouadalupe Rivers

Specific conductance (KX105 

at 25° C.

Calcium 

(Ca)

Magnesium 

(Mg)

Sodium and potassium 

(Na+K)

Bicarbonate 

(HC03)

Sulfate 

(804)

Chloride 

(01)

Dissolved 

solids

Total 

hardness 

asCaCOs

Rio Grande at Rio Grande City, 1935-42

101

50

282

80

39

179

19

12

63

101

37

344

142

115

154

195

73

580

126

35

514

591

255

1,760

280

147

7 Ac

Nueces River at Three Rivers, 1941-45 :

95.9

27.2

183

58

38

115

11

3.5

25

120

18

248

205

138

380

80

17

205

142

12

287

512

195

1,068

190

109

390

Guadalupe River at Spring Branch, 1942 2

A.V6r3i£6 50.5

23.9

88.1

62 22 16 272

302

21

86

21

6.0

86

290

540

245

San Antonio River at Goliad, 1942 2

75.1

17.4

121

89 16 40 276 67 54

9.0

192

473

110

750

288

1 Analyzed by International Boundary Commission.

2 Analyzed by U. S. Geological Survey.

A study of the records compiled by the International Boundary 

Commission indicates that there is little change in the composition 

of water in the Rio Grande between Rio Grande City and Brownsville. 

Therefore, the data available for the Rio Grande at Rio Grande City 

are probably representative of the composition of the water served 

to all users in the lower valley. The analyses of samples collected in 

1946, during the preparation of this report, from public supplies served 

by the Rio Grande, are on the whole very close to the average analysis 

given in the table. Three supplies show a slightly higher concentration than the average, but only one, the Laredo supply, approaches the 

maximum concentration shown at Rio Grande City between 1935 

and 1942.

The analyses of single samples collected in 1946 from public supplies 

from the Nueces River show a lower concentration than was recorded 

at Three Rivers during the period 1941-45.

The public supplies of Gonzales County and Seguin in Guadalupe 

County are obtained from the Guadalupe River. The analysis of a 

single sample at Gonzales shows a concentration that is twice the
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 15

average for the river at Spring Branch, whereas the analysis for Seguin 

shows a concentration that is slightly below the average at Spring 

Branch.

The analysis of the sample obtained from the San Antonio River 

at Falls City, Karnes County, shows about the same concentration 

as the average given in the table for the San Antonio River at Goliad.

The analysis of a sample obtained at Fentress, Caldwell County, 

which is served from the San Marcos River, shows a water that is low 

in dissolved solids but very hard. The sample obtained at Three 

Rivers from the Frio River was hard but the amount of dissolved 

solids was just below 500 parts per million. The sample from Atascqsa 

River water at Campbellton, Atascosa County, had a dissolved solids 

content above 1,000 parts per million and was very hard. The sulfate 

was slightly less than 250 parts per million; the chloride was more than 

250 parts per million.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 

PUBLISHED BEPOBTS

Deussen, A. and Dole, R. B., 1916, Ground water in La Salle and McMullen

Counties, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 375-G. 

Livingston, Penn and Bridges, T. W., 1936, Ground-water resources of Kleberg

County, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 773-D. 

Livingston, Penn, Sayre, A. N., and White, W. N., 1936, Water resources of the

Edwards limestone in the San Antonio area, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey

Water-Supply Paper 773-B. 

Lonsdale, J. T., 1936, Geology and ground-water resources of Atascosa and Frio

Counties, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 676. 

Lonsdale, J. T. and Day, J. R., 1937, Geology and ground-water resources of

Webb County, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 778. 

Sayre, A. N., 1936, Geology and ground-water resources of Uvalde and Medina

Counties, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 678. 

Sundstrom, R. W. and Follett, C. R., 1945, Ground-water resources of Atascosa

County, Texas: Texas State Board of Water Engineers. 

Taylor, T. U., 1907, Underground waters of coastal plain of Texas: U. S. Geol.

Survey Water-Supply Paper 190. 

United States Geological Survey, 1934, Ground water in Dimmit and Zavala

Counties, Texas: Press release.

In addition to the above-listed reports, mimeographed publications 

containing records of wells and springs, drillers' logs, partial chemical 

analyses of water from wells and springs, and maps showing the location of wells have been released by the Texas State Board of Water 

Engineers for the following counties in the region: Aransas, Bee, 

Brooks, Calhoun, Comal, DeWitt, Dimmit, and Zavala, Gonzales, 

Guadalupe, Hays, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kendall, 

Kinney, Live Oak, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Victoria, and 

Wilson.
16 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

UNPUBLISHED REPORTS

The following manuscript reports giving results of ground-water 

investigations are available for reference in the offices of the Geological 

Survey and Texas State Board of Water Engineers at Austin:

1940, Ground water in the Corpus Christ! area.

1942, Relation of shallow ground water to Las Moras Springs.

1942. Ground water in the vicinity of San Marcos and Buda.

1943. Recent observations of ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Kingsville.

1944. Ground-water supply for the Celanese plant at Bishop.

1944, Ground-water conditions in the Premont-Falfurrias district, Texas.

1946, Ground water in the lower Rio Grande Valley.

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

ARANSAS COUNTY

ROCKPORT

Population in 1940: 1,729.

Source of information: Tom Shults, water superintendent, July 17, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 1. Six blocks north of elevated tank; drilled in 1938 by Layne-Texas 

Co.; depth, 78 feet; diameter, 13 to 6 inches; screen from 68 to 78 feet; 

deep-well turbine pump and 3-horsepower electric motor. 

Well 2. About 200 feet from well 1; drilled in 1938 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

depth, 78 feet; diameter, 13 to 6 inches; screen from 68 to 78 feet; deepwell turbine pump and 3-horsepower electric motor.

Well 3. One block west of well 2; drilled in 1944 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

depth, 78 feet; diameter, 16 to 8% inches; screen from 53 to 78 feet; deep-well 

turbine pump and 3-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 16 feet 

below land surface, Aug. 6, 1944; pumping level, 61 feet below land surface 

when pumping 28 gallons a minute, August 6, 1944. 

Pumpage (estimated): 75,000 gallons a day for 3 months; 50,000 gallons a day

for 9 months.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 55,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 400. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

[Collected July 17, 1945. pH for each well is 7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2)-. ... ........... ......

Iron (Fe).. .........................................

Calcium (Ca). ...

Magnesium (Mg) . _ .. .. __ ____ ..

Sodium (Na). ............ _ .. __ . __ ...,. . ...

Potassium (K)._ ...................................

Bicarbonate (HO O3) _____ ...............

Sulfate(SO4)......... ..............................

Chloride (Cl).._._ .......... ..... ............

Pluoride(F) ..-. ........ ........ __ .............

Nitrate (NO3) -------------------- ------- ..-

Welll

Parts per 

million

17 

.43

92 

16 

182 

12 

339 

15 

292 

0

$610 

296

Equivalents 

per million

4.59 

1.32 

7.90 

.31 

5.56 

.31 

8.24 

.00 

.01

Well 3

Parts per 

million

15 

.15 

96 

13 

116 

13 

315 

5.7 

211 

.2 

.8 

670 

293

Equivalents 

per million

4.79 

1.07 

5.06 

.33 

5.16 

.12 

5.95 

.01 

.01
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Driller's log, well 3

17

White sand..... ...... ........

Thickness 

(feet)

18

29

8

4

Depth 

(feet)

18

47

55

59

Thickness 

(feet)

6

15

Depth 

(feet)

65

80

ATASCOSA COUNTY 

CAMPBEUL.TON

Population in 1940: 250.

Source of information: J. N. Ahns, superintendent, Aug. 14, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Atascosa River. Water is pumped from river to an automatic

pressure system. 

Pumpage: No information. 

Storage: Pressure tank, 1,500 gallons. 

Number of customers: 50. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected Aug. 14,1945. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Silica(SiOs) 

Iron (Fe)- 

Bicarbonate (H C O3) __ .....

Parts 

per 

million

16

.47

46

21

283

26

294

Equivalents per 

million

2.30

1.73

12.29

.67

4.82

Sulfate (SOi)._. .. ._. 

Chloride (Cl).._. . ... .........

Fluoride (F)......... .........

Nitrate (NO8) . 

Parts 

per 

million

223

265

1.0

.5

1,030

202

Equivalents per 

million

4.64

7.47

.05

.01

CHRISTINE

Population in 1940: 286.

Source of information: Glen Patterson, water superintendent, May 25, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: One well in north part of town; drilled in 1917; depth, 1,314

feet; diameter, 6 to 4 inches; well flows with a head of 25 feet above land surface;

well is connected directly with the mains. 

Pumpage: No information. 

Storage: None. 

Treatment: None.
18 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis 

[Collected May 25,1944. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2)_-- -- _ -

Iron (Fe)_ _-----_ ....... ...

Bicarbonate (HCO3) __ ....

Parts 

per 

million

14

.08

4 S

667

4.6

743

Equivalents per 

million

29.01

1 9

12.17

Sulfate (SOi)_ ... -

Chloride (Cl).._ ....... . --

Parts 

per 

million

152

497 

1.7

2.0

1,710

18

Equivalents per 

million

3.16

14.02 

.09

.03

COUGHBAK

Population in 1940: 50.

Source of information: W. H. Gibson, owner, Aug. 14, 1945.

Owner: W. H. Gibson.

Source of supply: One well, northeast of railroad station in Coughran; depth, 885

feet; diameter, 6 inches; well flows into elevated tank; artesian pressure, 20.5

feet above land surface, May 1944. 

Pumpage: No information. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 5,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 15. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Aug. 14,1945. pH is 8.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) ...............

Iron (Fe)_.._ ________ -

Magnesium (Mg)---._---.

Parts 

per 

million

16

.14

3.7

1.2

373

Equivalents per 

million

0.18

.10

16.22

.38

10.42

Sulfate (SOO --

Chloride (Cl)..... _ ---------

Nitrate (NOS) -

Parts 

per 

million

94

164

1.0

0

996

14

Equivalents per 

million

1.96

4.63

.05

.00

JOURDANTON

Population in 1940: 950.

Source of information: Eva Childress, city secretary, Aug. 14, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: One well at standpipe; drilled in 1930 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

depth, 1,635 feet; diameter, 10 to 6 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric 

motor; static water level, 20 feet below land surface; yield, 161 gallons a minute 

with draw-down of 57.5 feet.

Pumpage: No information.

Storage: Elevated tank, 55,000 gallons; ground-storage reservoir, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 248.

Treatment: Chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 19

[Collected Aug. 14,1945. pH is 7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02) ..................

Iron (Fe)-. ...... ___ ....._

Calcium (Ca)_._ _______

Bicarbonate (HCOs)-.-....--

Parts 

per 

million

13

..67

69

13

26

11

266

Equivalents per 

million

3.44

1.07

1 1 C

.28

4.36

Chloride (Cl) ...... ........

Parts 

per 

million

31

32

.4

.5

336

226

Equivalents per 

million

0.65

.90

.02

.01

Driller's log

Surf ace soil _ ___ _____ .

Clay.........................

Rock.... .............. .......

Blue shale __ __ ------- _ ..

Rock

Rock.........................

Blue shale. _ .--. __ . __ ..

Hard sand_.

Blue shale and boulders. .....

Rock.... ................. ...

Rock..-.---.. ... ,

Shale............. ......

Rock ..

Sand.....

Shale and boulders. .

Rock (pyrites) ___ ..

Shale.........................

Rock..-. . ------

Shale.......... .. ,

Rock... ................ .....

Sand..... ...

Shale and boulders.- ___ ..

Sandy shale.. . .--- ------

Rock ..

Sandy shale __________

Rock ........

Thickness 

(feet)

4

50

14

2

115

1

13

2

22

20

2

14

19

2

24

23

3

21

1

10

1

147

23

23

20

22

80

104

1

Depth 

(feet)

54

cr

69

71

186

187

200

224

244

246

260

261

282

329

332

353

364

365

512

535

558

578

600

680

681

785

Shale

Shale 

Shale. 

Sand.. ................

Rock

Thirkness 

(feet)

56

2

13

53

65

2

20

46

26

2

15

43

3

16

2

24

1

17

51

4

46

3

85

2

8

6

47

3

45

16

96

31

Depth 

(feet)

842

844

857

910

975

977

997

1,043

1,069

1,071

1,086

1,129

1,132

1,148

1,150

1,174

1,175

1,192

1,243

1,247

1,293

1,296

1,381

1,383

1,391

1,397

1,444

1,447

1,492

1,508

1,604

1,635

NORTH PLEASANTON

Population in 1940: 673.

Source of information: Hammond Rose, owner of distribution system, Aug. 14, 

1945.

Ownership: Municipal (Missouri Pacific Railway Co. owns the well, Hammond 

Rose owns the distribution system).

Source of supply: One well at Missouri-Pacific Railroad shops; drilled in 1928; 

depth, 1,550 feet; diameter, 8 inches; well flows directly into distribution system; artesian head 69 feet above land surface, May 9, 1944.

Pumpage: Estimated 15,000 gallons a day. <

Storage: None.

Number of customers: 75.

Treatment: None.
20 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis 

[Collected Aug. 14,1945. pH is 7.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) . ...........

Iron (Fe)~. 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) -.-.-...-

Parts 

per 

million

13

.89

64

7.8

27

10

206

Equivalents per 

million

3.19

.64

1.19

.26

3.38

Sulfate (SOO. .

Chloride (CT).'.. .............

Nitrate (NOs)..... ........

Parts 

per 

million

40

36

0

1.0

303

192

Equivalents per 

million

0.83

1.02

.00

.05

PLEASANTON

Population in 1949: 2,074.

Source of information: B. B. Gillett, Aug. 14, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: One well at elevated tank; drilled in 1917; depth, 815 feet;

diameter, 8 to 4 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; static

water level about 10 feet below land surface; well flows when drilled; yield,

150 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Estimated average, 50,000 gallons a day; maximum in summer, about

100,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons; concerte ground reservoir, 75,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 430. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis, well 1 

[Collected Aug. 14, 1945. pH is 8.0 Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2). ..... ......

Sodium (Na). ................

Bicarbonate (HCO3). ........

Parts 

per 

million

15

.05

7.8

3.8

175

6.3

354

Equivalents per 

million

0.39

.31

7.62

.16

5.81

Sulfate (SOi) - - 

Chloride (Cl). ...............

Nitrate (NOa) . 

Parts 

per 

million

0.7

94

.2

0

480

35

Equivalents per 

million

0.01

2.65

.01

.00

POTEET

Population in 1940: 2,315.

Source of information: H. R. De Viviss, water superintendent, Aug. 14, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: One well at elevated tank; drilled

835 feet; diameter, 6 inches; centrifugal pump and electric motor; well flows

with a head of 12 feet above land surface, Apr. 2 >, 1944. 

Pumpage: Estimated 38,000 gallons a day in summer, 10,000 gallons a day in

winter.

Storage: Elevated tank, 55,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 357. 

Treatment: None.

in 1928 by J. Wolfe; depth,
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 21

Analysis, well 1 

[Collected Aug. 14, 1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Bowley]

Silica (SiOt)..... .............

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ___ ...

Parts 

per 

million

17

1.3

25

5.0

24

5.6

48

Equivalents per 

million

1.248

.411

1.065

.143

.787

Sulfate (SOt). ................ Chloride (01) -

Nitrate (NO3) 

Parts 

per 

million

33

49

.2

0

196

83

Equivalents per 

million

0.0687

1.382

.011

.000

BANDERA COUNTY 

BAJSTDERA

Population in 1940: 1,250.

Source of information: F. C. Billins, president of district, Nov. 2, 1945. 

Owner: Bandera Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. 

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Drilled in 1940; depth 467 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well

cylinder and pump jack driven by electric motor; static water level, 40

feet below land surface; yield, 26 gallons a minute (breaks suction at

yield in excess of 26 gallons a minute). 

Well 2. Drilled in 1945 by Rayfield Bros.; depth, 435 feet; diameter, 6

inches; deep-well cylinder and pump jack driven by electric motor; yield,

40 gallons a minute.

Pumpage (estimated): Summer, 430,000 gallons; winter, 200,000 gallons. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 60,000 gallons; ground storage, 60,000 gallons. 

Treatment: None. 

Number of customers: 250.

Analyses 

[Collected Nov. 2,1945. pH: Well 1, 6.9; well 2, 7.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Sffica(SiOj) 

Iron(Fe)_._ _ .____ 

Calcium(Ca)_--- 

Sulfate(SO4) - - 

Chloride(Cl). -- 

Fluoride(F)... ........ ...... ......................

Nitrate(NOj) 

Welll

Parts per 

million

13 

.06 

86 

62 

39 

20 

358 

220 

36 

2.4 

0 

682 

464

Equivalents 

per million

4.29 

5.10 

1.70 

.51 

5.87 

4.58 

1.02 

.13 

.00

Well 2

Parts per 

million

14 

1.1 

73 

51 

38 

21 

362 

139 

37 

2.8 

0 

560 

392

Equivalents 

per million

3.64 

4.19 

1.64 

.54 

5.93 

2.89 

1.04 

.15 

.00

BEE COUNTY

BEEVTLJLiE

Population in 1940: 6,789.

Source of information: C. R. Gordon, manager, April 19; 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.
22 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 2. At pump station; drilled in 1937 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 1,539- 

feet; diameter, 15J4 to 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 184 feet; static water level, 56 feet below 

land surface when drilled, 61 feet on June 26, 1934, 63 feet on November 

10, 1939, and 73 feet on November 11, 1942; yield, 500 gallons a minute; 

temperature, 95° F.

Well 3. At pump station; drilled in 1941 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 1,539 

feet; diameter, 12% to 6% inches; screen from 1,484 to 1,533 feet; deepwell turbine pump and 50-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 215 

feet; static water lever, 68 feet below land surface in April 1943; yield, 

490 gallons a minute; temperature, 95° F.

Well 4. At intersection of Monroe and Cleveland Streets; drilled in 1945 

by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 622 feet: diameter, 14 to 8% inches; screens 

between 528 and 622 feet; static water level reported 84 feet below land 

surface when drilled; yield, during test, 400 .gallons a minute with drawdown of 95 feet (new well unused to date).

Pumpage: Maximum, 750,000 gallons; average, 500,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 150,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,207. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis, well 3 

[Collected Apr. 19,1945. pH is 7.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOa) 

Iron (Fe) 

Potassium (K). ..............

Bicarbonate (HCO3)--. .. .

Parts 

per 

million

19

.15

7.1 1 t

514

27

601

Equivalents per 

million

O QC

.11

69

9.85

Chloride (Cl).. 

Parts 

per 

million

0.9

480

1.8

.8

1,350

23

Equivalents per 

million

0.02

13.54

.09

.01

Diillcr's logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 2

Soil... ______ __............_.

Hard sand rock and lime

Sand.. .......................

Sand .. ....................

Clay.__________________._.___

Rock__ ______________________

Gumbo. ___ _ ______ __

Rock

Clay.. ._.__._______..._....__

Rock .'. _______ _ .......

15

10

42

88

cn

55

120

20

10

15

10

70

75

5

5

15

00

70

no

180

285

405

AC)K.

450

530

605

630

7 CA

Rock

Rock _______________

Clay... ... . 

Shale 

Shale 

Shale 

5

60

15

5

10

65

25

40

325

25

15

25

3

12

8

12

70

69

755

815

830

835

845

910

935

975

1,300

1,325

1,340

1,365

1,368

1,380

1,388

1,400

1,470

1,539
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

Driller's logs Continued

23

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 3

Soil.. ........... ...... .......

Hock--. --- _-_____-___-__-_

Sand. _ _ _ _____

Clay________-______. _________

Rock _ _ __ . _____ ._._

Clay.... ...................

Sand__ _______________________

Clay.. .......................

Sand.. -----------------------

Clay.......... ______________

Sand... ...................

Sand.. -__-_-_-_-___-_________

Clay.. .......................

Rock _. __________ .-

Clay..... ... ___.--_-_-

Sand.......... ............

Clay 

5

7

11

16

5

3

107

24

8

30

6

5

47

15

8

6

9

79

21

1

14

8

20

78

15

2

21

19

9

6

<>

3

27

5

103

5

12

23

39

44

47

154

178

186

216

222

227

274

289

297

303

312

391

412

413

427

435

455

523

538

540

561

580

589

595

597

600

627

633

736

Gumbo __ .. _ .... _ _ ....

Clay 

Shale _ ... _ . __ __ __ __

Sand. _ ___

Shale .. .. .........

Shale

Hard sand .. --------------

Rock . _ _._.._._

Shale.. .......................

Shale .

22

50

25

68

28

35

30

27

7

51

17

5

46

9

10

10

25

25

19

25

17

25

14

34

9

9

13

1

18

25

29

17

50

4

758

808

833

901

929

964

994

1,021

1,028

1,079

1,096

1,011

1,147

1,156

1,166

1,176

1,201

1,126

1,245

1,270

1,287

1,312

1,326

1,360

1,369

1,378

1,391

1,392

1,410

1,435

1,464

1,481

1,531

1,539

Well 4

Soil... _. _ 

Caliche--. ............. ......

Sand.-.. _ _. -_.

Clay 

6

19

7

5

96

33

25

30

58

62

10

11

30

37

42

138

171

196

226

284

346

356

Sand..

Clay. ... 

Clay 

Sand __ _ . __ __ _ _

Clay.. . ..

6

36

36

90

24

4

11

7

7

41

4

362

398

434

524

548

552

563

570

577

618

622

PETTUS

Population in 1940: 700.

Source of information: C. R. Gordon, manager, Apr. 19, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At standpipe; drilled in 1930 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 238 feet;

diameter, 8J4 to 6 inches; Hi-Lift pump and 5-horsepower electric motor;

standby well. 

Well 2. About 50 feet south of well 1; drilled in 1944 by Layne-Texas Co.;

depth, 367 feet; diameter, 8K to 6 inches; underreamed and gravel-walled;

screen from 327 to 367 feet; deep-well submersible pump and 5-horsepower

electric motor; yield, 40 gallons a minute.
24 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 25,000 to 30,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Standpipe, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 62. 

Treatment: Occasional chlorination.

Analysis, well 2 

[Collected Apr. 18,1945. pHis7.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOi). .................

Iron (Fe) -_ - ._ -

Sodium (Na)-. ___ . _ . _ -

Potassium (K) . ........... __

Bicarbonate (HCO») 

Parts

per

million

33

1.9

182

31

166

23

344

Equivalents per

million

o nfi

7.23

.59

5.64

Sulfate (SO4) . -

Chloride (Cl)....... ..........

Fluoride (F) ._... .__.__ .-

Total hardness as CaCOa .....

Parts

per

million

81

428

.6

1.2

582

1,120

Equivalents per

million

1.69

12.07

.03

.02

Driller's log, well 1

Clay.. .......................

Sand...... ...................

Sand.. .......... _ . __ .....

Thickness 

(feet)

10

7

14

4

14

12

2

9

58

15

25

15

Depth 

(feet)

10

17

31

35

49

61

63

72

130

145

170

185

Sand-.. _.._ --- 

Clay.-. . ................ .-

Sand..... ....................

Sand.........................

Thickness 

(feet)

25

53

48

3

1

21

20

14

3

12

20

2

Depth 

(feet;

210

263

311

314

315

336

356

370

373

385

405

407

BEXAR COUNTY 

AJLAMO HEIGHTS

Population in 1940: 5,700.

Source of information: Paul G. Villaret, water superintendent, Nov. 16, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells near city hall.

Well 1. Old well just northeast of city hall; depth, about 550 feet; deep-well

turbine pump and 60-horsepower electric motor; yield, 450 gallons a minute.

Well 2. About 200 feet west of well 1; depth, about 550 feet; deep-well

turbine pump and 40-horsepower electric motor; yield, 300 gallons a

minute.

Well 3. About 300 feet northwest of well 1, drilled in 1939 by I. L. Dingham, 

depth, 603 feet; diameter, 13 inches; cased to 424 feet; deep-well turbine 

pump and 60-horsepower electric motor; yield, 450 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Average, 395,000 gallons a day during August 1945. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 150,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,350. 

Treatment: None.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 25

Analysis, well 1 

[Collected Nov. 16,1945. pHis7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02) - - 

Iron (Fe)_ ........

Sodium (Na)---.---_ ---------

Parts 

DGr 

million

12

.06

67

16

I q A

} 3' 4

247

Equivalents per 

million

3.344

1.316

.148

4.049

Sulfate (S04). ................

Chloride (Cl). ................

Fluoride (F)...... ............

Nitrate (N0»)_... ............

Parts 

per 

million

17

12

.2

3.5

261

233

Equivalents per 

million

0.354

.338

.011

.056

Driller's log, well 3

Soil , 

Caliche . 

clay

424 feet) -------------------

White Edwards limestone ....

Thickness 

(feet)

2

22

54

12

20

35

50

30

20

42

22

56

50

7

2

16

10

30

Depth 

(feet)

2

24

78

90

110

145

195

225

245

287

309

365

415

422

424

440

450

480

stone

Soft limestone __ ______

Very hard Edwards lime rock.

Thickness 

(feet)

5

25

16

10

2

11

1

2

2

18

M

5H

2

16

4

2

1M

Depth 

(feet)

485

510

526

536

538

549

550

552

554

572

572^

578

580

596

600

602

603^

SAN ANTONIO

Population in 1940: 253,854.

Source of information: W. D. Masterson, water superintendent, Nov. 15, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 38 wells.

Austin Road (Terrell Hills}. 1 well, depth 600 feet.

North Brackenridge Park station. 1 well; drilled in 1940; depth, 700 feet;

diameter, 15 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; yield,

2,800 gallons a minute. 

Brackenridge Park station. 13 wells; depths range from 750 to about 900

feet; diameters are 15, 12, and 8 inches; wells have natural flow but are

equipped with booster pumps; temperature, 76° F. 

Market Street station. 11 wells; drilled between 1894 and 1936; depths

range from 880 to 936 feet; diameters are 15 and 12 inches; wells have

natural flow but are equipped with booster pumps; temperature, 76° F. 

Mission station. 8 wells; drilled between 1914 and 1945; depths range from

about 1,400 to 1,800 feet; diameters are 15, 12, and 10 inches; wells have

natural flow but are equipped with booster pumps. Well 8, on bank of

San Antonio River; drilled by Draper & Dozier in 1945; depth, 1,400 feet;

diameter, 22 to 12J4 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor;

static water level, 68 feet above land surface; yield, when pumped, 6,250

gallons a minute; temperature, 81.5° F.
26 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Los Angeles Heights station. 1 well; drilled in 1941; depth 1,000 feet; diameter, 15 to 12 inches; deep-well submersible pump and electric motor; 

yield, 1,400 gallons a minute.

Olmos Heights station. 1 well; drilled in 1940; depth, 900 feet; diameter, 

15 to 12 inehes v deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; yield, 1,400 

gallons a minute.

West Mistletoe station. 1 well; drilled in 1942; depth, 900 feet; diameter, 

15 inches; deep-well submersible pump and electric motor; yield, 2,100 

gallons a minute.

Woodlawn Lake station. 1 well; drilled in 1942; depth, 900 feet; diameter, 

12 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; yield, 2,100 gallons 

a minute.

Average pumpage, in millions of gallons a day 

]Maximum, 56,000,000 gallons a day in August 1944. Total capacity of wells is 98,000,000 gallons a day]

Month

April 

July 

1939

19.4

22.2

21.1

30.1

31.1

33.0

34.7

29.1

30.4

28.9

25.7

22.5

1940

24.0

24.0

24.1

27.6

26.7

28.3

28.3

38.0

31.4

24.8

23.0

21.0

1941

21.9

22.7

20.7

24.8

24.4

27.6

33.5

38.7

32.1

23.9

24.5

21.7

1942

23.8

25.4

24.0

26.9

26.0

35.5

32.2

38.4

31.4

27.1

28.5

25.9

1943

27.8

32.3

27.0

34.3

37.4

35.2

38.8

44.7

33.2

29.0

29.9

26.3

1944

27.6

28.4

25.5

32.2

30.3

37.9

44.9

49.2

36.7

33.7

33.1

29.2

1945

30.3

32.9

29.3

34.5

38.1

45.3

45.9

46.5

46 7

Storage: 3 elevated tanks: Hildebrand Avenue tank, 1,000,000 gallons; Morningside Avenue tank, 1,500,000 gallons; and Terrell Hills tank, 250,000 gallons. 

Standpipe on Dakota Street, 2,500,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 58,049.

Treatment: Chlorination at Market Street station, which is connected with the 

Mission station and serves the southern part of the city.

Analyses

Parts 

per 

million

Equivalents per 

million

Parts 

per 

million

Equivalents per 

million

Brackenridge Park station

[Composite sample[of 13 wells; collected^Nov. 15,1945. pH is 8.1J Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Iron (Fe)_ __ _ ..

11

.46

65

16

2.1

1.6

3 214

1.316

.092

.041

4

nqo

Sulfate (SO4)--- - 

Chloride (Cl).. 

Nitrate (NOs) 

13

12

0

3.2

258

228

0.271

.338

.052
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 27

Parts

per

million

Equivalents per

million

Parts

per

million

Equivalents per

million

Market Street station

[Composite of 11 wells; collected Nov. 15,1945. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02) ... ............

Iron (Fe)_ .................

Bicarbonate (HCOa). ___

12

.08

66

15

2.9

2.0

245

3.294

1.234

.125

4.016

Chloride (Cl). ...... ... ...

Nitrate (N03 ) 

13

12

0

4.9

252

226

0.271

.338

.000

»079

Mission station, well 8

[Collected Nov. 15,1945. pH is 8.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) ... 

Iron (Fe)- 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Bicarbonate (HCOs)-... __

15 

.06

68 

18 

7.8 

2.0 

240

3.39 

1.48 

.34 

.05 

3.93

Chloride (Cl). ........ -

Fluoride (F)-_ --------------

Total hardness as CaCOs35 

19 

.2 

3.2 

295 

244

0.73 

.54 

.01 

.05

Drillers' logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Brackenridge Park station

Pit

Eagle Ford lime and shells... -

Edwards lime, light-gray. ..-.

Yellow lime, 3-inch crevices 

at 710 and 733 feet. ------

'41 

197 

67 

220 

32 

48 

54 

8 

3 

23

40 

12

41 

238 

305 

525 

557 

605 

659 

667 

670 

693

733 

745

Hard gray lime and flint.

6 

5 

8 

3 

9 

4 

3 

9 

3 

4 

4 

9 

3 

7

751 

756 

764 

767 

776 

780 

783 

792 

795 

799 

803 

812 

815 

822

Market Street station, well 1

16 

400 

304

16 

416 

720

40 

120

760 

880

863013 50 3
28 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's logs Continued

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Market Street station, well 15

Roek_ _____________

Broken lime and hard shale --

6

10

13

4

Q1

36

46

15

37

3

2

18

9

2

15 

8

29

94

6

6

16

29

33

124

160

206

221

299

302

304

324

333

338

353 

361

390

484

490

Hard lime with soft streaks- _.

32

6

52

52

26

54

61

10

93

2

4

16

38

1

5

42

1

528

632

658

712

773

783

806

808

812

828

868

869

886

888

893

935

936

Mission station, well 8

30

15

5

700

175

45

50

80

780

1 030

1,205

Shale- -. -- - 31

21

10

18

22

5

78

1,236

1,257

1,267

1,285

1,307

1,312

1,400

BROOKS COUNTY

FALFURRIAS

Population in 1940: 2,800.

Source of information: Ted Lester, operator, Mar. 10, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: 3 wells at water and ice plant near center of city.

Well 1. Drilled in 1922 by Chester Downs; depth, 749 feet; diameter, 

53/i6 inches; 63 feet of screen at bottom; air-lift; static water level 26.2 

feet below land surface on November 5, 1943; yield, 140 gallons a minute; 

stand-by well; temperature, 84° F.

Well 2. Drilled in 1930 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 755 feet; diameter, 

12 to 8 inches; 61 feet of screen at bottom; deep-well turbine pump and 

30-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 25.4 feet below land surface on November 5, 1943; yield, 200 gallons a minute.

Well 3. Drilled in 1945 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 787 feet; diameter, 

-1-0% to 5^ iaehes; screen from 678 to 766 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 

25-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 54.7 feet below land surface in March 1945; yield, 305 gallons a minute with a draw-down of 128 

feet after 8 hours pumping.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Average pumpage, in thousands of gallons a day

29

July 

November

1941

114

143

111

1942

126

140

135

152

145

220

142

169

163

152

175

122

1943

139

168

161

180

218

191

225

274

218

173

161

153

1944

160

182

208

254

255

254

283

325

263

276

258

267

1945

245

280

Storage: Concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons; elevated tank, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 631. 

Treatment: Occasional chlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Mar. 10, 1945. pH: Well 1, 8.1; well 2, 7.8. Analyzed by M. L. Beyley]

Silica (SiOs)- 

Sodium (Na)- _ 

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride(Cl). 

Fluoride(F). . _

Nitrate (N Os) . 

Welll

Parts per 

million

23

1.1 

42 

17 

161 

9.1 

286 

42 

183 

.6 

0 

619 

175

Equivalents 

per million

2.10 

1.40 

7.02 

.23 

4.69 

.87 

5.16 

.03 

.00

Well 2

Parts per 

million

23 

.08 

40 

17 

167 

9.9 

289 

41 

188 

.6 

0 

629 

170

Equivalents 

per million

2.00 

1.40 

7.27 

.25 

4.74 

.85 

5.30 

.03 

.00

Drillers' logs

Soil.. .. _ 

Clay.... ......... .

White sand 

Clay..... ....... _

Clay...... ...... 

Tough clay and lime rock. . ..

Clay 

Soft clav 

Well 2

Thickness 

(feet)

1 

6 

12 

3 

18 

14 

15 

8 

23 

9 

21 

74 

12 

4 

6 

5 

23 

46

Depth 

(feet)

1 

7 

19 

22 

40 

54 

69 

77 

100 

109 

130 

204 

216 

220 

226 

231 

254 

300

Soil. .... .....

Clay........ ...... ......

Sand.......... .... ...........

Clay.... .... 

Sand. ___ _ 

Brown sand... _ .-.. __ .

WellS

Thickness 

(feet)

1

7 

12 

3 

17 

36 

26 

10 

90 

27 

6 

65 

60 

20 

24 

10 

59 

18

Depth 

(feet)

1

8 

20 

23 

40 

76 

102 

112 

202 

249 

255 

320 

380 

400 

424 

434 

493 

511
30 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Drillers' logs Continued

Rock 

Clay..... .................

Tough clay ___________

Sand....--. .................

Gumbo. ...................

Sand..- 

.Sand (fine-grained brown

Tough gumbo... ______ .

Gumbo 

Sand ,.-... ...........

Sand (good) .................

Gumbo....................

Well 2

Thickness 

(feet)

52 

2 

6 

20 

23 

9 

27 

6 

22 

3 

4 

3

20 

43 

7 

23 

4 

17 

6 

27 

58 

68 

1 

4

Depth 

(feet)

352 

354 

360 

380 

403 

412 

439 

445 

467 

470 

474 

477

497 

540 

547 

570 

574 

591 

597 

624 

682 

750 

751 

755

SandSand.. .. _.

Sand. ___ _

WellS

Thickness 

(feet)

54 

2 

35 

5 

18 

20 

51 

20 

68 

3

Depth 

(feet)

565 

567 

602 

607 

625 

645 

696 

716 

784 

787

CALDWELL COUNTY

DALE

Population in 1940: 200.

Source of information: A. R. Osteen, owner, Feb. 27, 1946.

Owner: A. R. Osteen.

Source of supply: Well near M. K. & T. Railway track in southeast edge of town; 

drilled in 1927 by A. R. Osteen; depth, 110 feet; diameter, 7 inches; cylinder 

pump and electric motor; static water level, 71.6 feet below land surface on 

Feb. 27, 1946.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated tank, about 3,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 20.

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected Feb. 27,1946. pH is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs). ......... ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)...... ...

Parts 

per 

million

36

.88

132

36

17

376

Equivalents per 

million

6.59

1 48

1.57

.43

6.16

Sulfate (SO4)-. 

Chloride (Cl)........... ......

Fluoride (F)....... ...........

Nitrate (NOs). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

72

85

.0

.8

647

404

Equivalents per 

million

1.50

2.40

.00

.01
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 31

FENTRESS

Population in 1940: 250.

Source of information: J. C. Dauchy, gin operator, Feb. 9, 1943.

Owner: Fentress-Prairie Lea Utilities Co.

Source of supply: San Marcos River and well; water is pumped both from the 

river and a concrete-curbed dug well about 40 feet deep near the river bank; 

a low dam has been constructed below the pumping station to provide channel 

storage; the station is equipped with three Triplex pumps; this plant supplies 

Fentress, Prairie Lea, and a rural area consisting of 7,700 acres of farms.

Pumpage: No data available.

Storage: Elevated tank at Fentress, estimated 15,000 gallons; elevated tank at 

Prairie Lee, 15,000 gallons; elevated tank in rural area, 60,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 159.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis of well water 

[Collected Feb. 9, 1943. pH is 8.0. Analyzed by J.H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO 2)- . _ .

Iron (Fe> -.- . - .-..-

Calcium (Ca)... .............

Sodium (Na). ................

Potassium (K)-._ ............

Bicarbonate (HC Os) .... _ .

Parts 

per 

million

15

.05

67

19

12

3.4

257

Equivalents per 

million

3.34

.51

.09

4.21

Sulfate (S 04) -... . . ..

Chloride (Cl). ................

Fluoride (F)..... .............

Nitrate (NOs) ....... 

Total hardness as CaCOs) ....

Parts 

per 

million

26

20

.6

10

300

245

Equivalents per 

million

0.54

.56

.03

.16

LOCKHART

Population in 1940: 5,018.

Source of information: M. Lancaster, manager, Public Utilities Co., Feb. 6, 1946.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Spring and two large open-pit wells.

Spring. At old waterworks on Brazos Street, four-tenths mile east of elevated 

tank; yield, 350 gallons a minute.

Well 2. One block east of water tower; depth about 20 feet; yield, 600 gallons 

a minute; water unused since 1943.

Well 3. 150 yards northwest of elevated tank; yield, 375 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Maximum,-218,000; minimum, 172,000; average, 195,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 300,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 430,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,095.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorination. 

L
32 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analyses 

[Collected Feb. 8, 1946. pH: spring, 7.3; well 2 and 3, 7.4. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiO2)-.-.- . .... ..............

Bicarbonate (HCO3)- __ -------- __ ...

Sulfate (SOO- ---------------------------

Chloride (Cl)..-_ .- _..

Fluoride (F)_ ------------------ __ -..

Nitrate (NOs). ------ - . 

Spring

Parts per 

million

14 

04

126 

6.1 

54 

12 

322 

47 

82 

.0 

54 

566 

340

Equivalents per 

million

6.29 

.50 

2.34 

.31 

5.28 

.98 

2.31 

.00 

.87

Well 2

Parts per 

million

12

Qfi

246 

15 

269 

15 

293 

321 

465 

.6 

60 

1,620 

676

Equivalents per 

million

12.28 

1.23 

11.70 

.38 

4.80 

6.68 

13.11 

.03 

.97

Well 3

Parts per 

million

15 

.14

166 

10 

147 

11 

308 

174 

218 

.0 

60 

979 

456

Equivalents per 

million

8.29 

.82 

6.40 

.28 

5.05 

3.62 

6.15 

.00 

.97

LULING

Population in 1940: 4,437.

Source of information: A. O. Krauskoff, water superintendent, Feb. 7, 194b. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells about 300 feet apart, at the Central Power & Light Co. 

plant, between Davis and Fannin Streets.

Well 1. Depth, 320 feet; diameter, 16 to 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump 

and 30-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 125 feet; yield, 460 gallons 

a minute.

Well 2. Depth, 304 feet; diameter, 16 to 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump 

and 25-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 168 feet; yield, 300 gallons 

a minute. 

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 185,000 gallons a day; summer, 325,000 gallons

a day. 

Storage: 2 standpipes, 188,000 and 84,600 gallons; ground reservoir, 50,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,181. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected Feb. 9, 1943. pH for each well is 8.4. Analyzed by J. H. Bowley]

Iron (Fe) _______ _____ _________ --

Sodium (Na) ________ ______________

Sulfate (SOi) __ -... _........... . . 

Chloride(Cl)... ..................... ...........

Fluoride(F).. --.-................... ...

Nitrate (NO3) ...................................

Welll

Parts per 

million

6.0 

.02 

2.7 

1.7 

419 

5.0 

628 

 178 

163 

.2 

.0 

1,085 

14

Equivalents 

per million

0.13 

.14 

18.20 

.13 

10.28 

3.71 

4.60 

.01 

.00

Well 2

Parts per 

million

8.0 

.09 

2.0 

1.4 

416 

5.2 

545 

227 

170 

.0 

.0 

1,098 

11

Equivalents 

per million

0.10 

.12 

18.09 

.13 

8.92 

4.73 

4.79 

.00 

.00
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 33

Drillers' logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Welll

Gravel _____ __ ____

Sand. _____ __ _ ......

Blue shale ______ _ __

Rock __ _ . __ ......

Mud and sand ___ .. .. ....

Hard shale.. __ __ _ ....

Soft shale... ... ..... .......

Shale . _ . .

20 

20 

1 

38 

2 

11 

15 

33 

12 

15 

6

20 

40 

41 

79 

81 

92 

107 

140 

152 

167 

173

Sand,.. ......................

Sand,.... ______ ........

Rock ___________ .....

Sand....-........ ........

Sand,.. _ ________ ....

Sand.. .......................

3

4 

26 

 2 

6 

2 

58 

2 

4 

2 

38

176 

180 

206 

208 

214 

216 

274 

276 

280 

282 

320

Well 2

Rock ____ .. .. __ .

Sand... ________ ......

Sand... __ _ .... ........

Sand....... _ .-........._...

Gumbo.-, __________ .

48 

63 

5 

5 

4 

20 

20 

7 

4

48 

111 

116 

121 

125 

145 

165 

172 

176

Sand.. .......................

11 

4 

42 

3 

10 

5 

27 

22 

4

187 

191 

233 

236 

246 

251 

278 

299 

304

LYTTON SPRINGS

Population in 1940: 200.

Source of information: D. It. Strawn, operator, Feb. 27, 1946.

Owners: Lytton Springs Park Association. Lytton Springs Gin Co.

Source of supply: Large pit in creek channel and well.

System a. Pit in creek channel owned by Lytton Springs Park Association; 

dug by L. Glasscock; depth, 18 feet; diameter, 16 feet; piston-type pump 

and gasoline engine; static water level, 16.9 feet below land surface on 

February 27, 1946; temperature, 58^° F. 

System b. Well owned by Lytton Springs Gin Co.; dug by Mr. Crosswaite; 

depth, 49 feet; diameter, 17Ji feet; jet-type pump and 1 ^-horsepower 

electric motor; static water level, 4.74 feet below land surface on Feb. 27, 

1946; yield, 12 gallons a minute; temperature, 63° F.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Steel ground tank, 20,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 25.

Treatment: None.

Analysis of well water

[Collected Feb. 27,1946. pH is 7.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj)--- - -- 

Iron (Fe) __ . _ . __ .. ...

Sodium (Na). ____ ._. _ _

Bicarbonate (HCOs). ___ -

Parts 

per 

million

35

1.7

46

6.7

36

4.6

153

Equivalents per 

million

2.296

.551

1.566

.118

2.508

Sulfate (SOO .: 

Chloride (Cl) .................

Nitrate (NOs) - - -

Parts 

per 

million

20

51

.2

9.8

298

142

Equivalents per 

million

0.416

1.438

.011

.158
34 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

MARTESTDALE

Population in 1940: 500.

Source of information: Gin operator, Feb. 9, 1943.

Owner: A. H. Smith Gin Co.

Source of supply: Dug well; depth, 27 feet; diameter, 60 inches; 2 Triplen 5-inch

pumps.

Pumpage: No data available. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 20.000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 90. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Feb. 9,1943. pHis7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley.]

Silica (SiOj) ._.. ._..._._

Parts 

per 

million

14

.08

90

23

18

3.4

325

Equivalents per 

million

4.49

1.89

.78

.09

5.33

Sulfate (SOO - - 

Chloride (Cl). .............

Nitrate (N08). ... ... 

Parts 

per 

million

19

21

.2

57

406

319

Equivalents per 

million

0.40

.59

.01

.92

MAXWELL

Population in 1940: 250.

Source of information: B. E. Scheele and A. R. Hoffman, Feb. 14, 1946. 

Owners: Upper Terrace Waterworks, Schawe Gin Co., Lower Terrace Waterworks, A. R. Hoffman and O. M. Hoffman. 

Source of supply: 2 dug wells.

Upper Terrace Waterworks. Dug well \% miles north of Maxwell; dug in 

1916; depth, 20 feet; diameter, 148 to 60 inches; brick walls; piston-type 

pump and Diesel engine; static water level, 12.1 feet below land surface on 

Feb. 14, 1946; yield, 400 gallons a minute.

Lower Terrace Waterworks. Dug well 2 miles southwest of Maxwell; dug 

in 1925; depth, 25 feet; diameter, 69 inches; brick and concrete walls; 

piston-type pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 

8.2 feet below land surface on Feb. 14, 1946; reported yield, about 400 

gallons a minute with draw-down of 1.5 feet after pumping 24 hours. 

Pumpage (estimated): Upper Terrace Waterworks, about 10,000 gallons a day in 

winter and 30,000 gallons a day in summer; Lower Terrace Waterworks, average 

about 15,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Upper Terrace Waterworks, concrete ground reservoir, 100,000 gallons; 

Lower Terrace Waterworks, elevated wooden tank, 20,000 gallons. (Water 

systems have separate distribution lines). 

Number of customers: Upper Terrace, 18; Lower Terrace, 24. 

Treatment: None.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 35

Analysis 

[Collected Feb. 14,1946. pH of Lower Terrace Waterworks, 7.2. Analyzed by O. B. Oibulka]

SilicarSiOa) _ - -- _ _-_-

Iron (Fe)_--_ __--__ - -_.__-. ..---_--._._-_.

Sodium (Na)-_-_ ____---__ -___.___ ..............

PotassLum(K).. -..-. ....-....-...---........

Sulfate(SO4) 

Fluoride (F)........._.............................

Nitrate (NO3) ...... ........... ...... ......

Upper Terrace 

Waterworks

Parts per 

million

122 

5.1

} 38

268 

40 

81

40 

513 

326

Equivalents 

per million

6.09 

.42

1.64

4.39 

.83 

2.28

.65

Lower Terrace 

Waterworks

Parts per 

million

14 

.06 

244 

28 

/ 155 

\ 22 

265 

183 

426 

.6 

99 

1,300 

724

Equivalents 

per million

12.18 

2.30 

6.75 

.56 

4.34 

3.81 

12.01 

.03 

1.60

McMAHAN

Population in 1940: 250.

Source of information: J. Chamberlin, owner, Mar. 1, 1946.

Owner: J. Chamberlin.

Source of supply: Well located 100 yards north of cotton gin; drilled in 1929 by 

Mr. Dannelly, depth, 231 feet; diameter, 5 inches; jet-type pump and \%- 

horsepower electric motor; static water level, 48 feet below land surface in 

November 1945; yield, 10 gallons a minute with pumping level at 64.8 feet 

below'land surface on Mar. 1, 1946; temperature, 73° F.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated wooden tank, 2,700 gallons.

Number of customers: 15.

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected Mar. 18,1946. pHis7.5. Analyzed by J.H. Rowley.]

Silica (SiO2) - -. 

Calcium (Ca)....-- ___ . _

Bicarbonate (HCOs). _ -----

Parts 

per 

million

22

.19

96

59

134

16

430

Equivalents per 

million

4.79

4.85

5.84

.41

7.05

Sulfate (SOO -

Chloride (Cl)._ . ..... .

Nitrate (NO3) __ . ...-....

Parts 

Eer 

lion

96

229

.6

22

946

482

Equivalents per 

million

2.00

6.46

.03

.35

UHLAND

Population in 1940: 100.

Source of information: A. F. Garbrecht, owner, Feb. 8, 1946. 

Owner: A. F. Garbrecht.

Source of supply: Spring 2% miles west of Uhland in Hays County; rock walls 

and concrete cover; 4 miles of 2-inch pipe from spring to Uhland; gravity flow. 

Flow: No record. 

Storage: None. 

Number of customers: 5. 

Treatment: None.
36 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis 

[Collected Feb. 8,1946. pH is 7.3. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOj) - .- 

Iron (Fe) --------- _ ..--

Calcium (Ca)_- .-__.__ _

Sodirnn (Na) ...... ... ..

Bicarbonate (HCCh). --------

Parts 

per 

million

14

.03

114

5.9

9.7

5.0

286

Equivalents per 

million

5.69

.49

.42

.13

4.69

Sulfate (SOt). ................

Chloride (Cl)__. ....... .......

Fluoride (F)....... ........

Nitrate (NOa) -

Parts 

per 

million

24

21

.6

57

392

309

Equivalents per 

million

0.50

.59

.03

.92

CALHOUN COUNTY

PORT LAVACA

Population in 1940: 2,069.

Source of information: T. S. Upchurch, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells about 3}£ miles northwest of town.

Well 1. Drilled in 1935 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 240 feet; diameter, 

8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 5-horsepower electric motor; static 

water level, 14 feet below land surface on January 5, 1940; yield, 135 gallons 

a minute with draw-down of 30 feet.

Well 2. About 200 feet southeast of well 1; drilled in 1935 by Layne-Texas 

Co.; depth, 240 feet; diameter, 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 

5-horsepower electric motor; yield, 135 gallons a minute. 

Well 3. About 500 feet northeast of well 1; drilled in 1942 by Layne-Texas 

Co.; depth, 242 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric 

motor; yield, 300 gallons a minute,

Average pumpage, in gallons a day, 1945

160, 000

175, 000

183, 200

180, 700

191, 300

189, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons; 2 ground reservoirs, 50,000 gallons each. 

Number of customers: 604. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis, well 3 

[Collected July 1945. pH is 7.40. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj)... .. ..........

Iron (Fe) ... ___ ..... _

Calcium (Ca) . ..............

Potassium (K)

Bicarbonate (HCOs)- ____

Parts 

per 

million

17

.05

40

14

234

7.7

466

Equivalents per 

million

2.00

1.15

10.17

.20

7.64

Sulfate (SCh)- . - - -

Chloride (Cl) . ...........

Fluoride (F) .......... .....

Nitrate (NO»). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

16

195

1.0

0

768

158

Equivalents per 

million

0.33

5.50

.05

.00
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 37

SEAIMEHFT

Population in 1940: 437,

Source of information: J. L. Wilson, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well 3 miles southeast of town; drilled in 1939; depth, 86 feet;

diameter, 6 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 3-horsepower electric motor;

yield about 70 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage (estimated): 2,500 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 129. 

Treatment: Aeration and chlorination,

Analysis, well 1 

[Collected July 1945. pH is 7.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2)-~ 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)- ____

Parts 

per 

million

19

.08

39

19

134

6.6

312

Equivalents per 

million

1.95

1.56

5.84

.17

5.11

Sulfate (SOO -- 

Chloride (Cl) ... -

Nitrate (NOs) 

Parts 

per 

million

26

134

1.4

1.2

536

176

Equivalents per 

million

0.54

3.78

.07

.02

CAMERON COUNTY

BROWNSVILLE

Population in 1940: 22,083.

Source of information: R, G. Hall, Aug. 3, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande.

Pumpage: Maximum 4,300,000 gallons; average, 2,500,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Ground reservoirs 8,000,000 gallons; no elevated tank, operates on highpressure system with 85 to 90 pounds.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filteration, prechlorination 

and postchlorination.

Analysis, finished water

[Collected Aug. 3,1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOa)-- -------

Iron (Fe)____ _ ___ _.___ __

Magnesium (Mg) _____

Sodium (Na)_. ____ --------

Potassium (K). ________

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ,. .. ..

Parts 

per 

million

11

.06

87

17

91

11

128

Equivalents per 

million

4.34

1.40

3.96

.28

2.10

Sulfate (SO). ..............

Chloride (CI).. 

Fluoride (F) . ... .....

Nitrate (NOs) - - 

Parts 

per 

million

220

114

.6

3.2

634

287

Equivalents per 

million

4.68

3.22

.03

.05
38 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

COMBES

Population in 1940: 300.

Source of information: C. P. Morgan, pumper, June 13, 1945.

Owner: Mrs. Doris Templeton.

Source of supply: 5 wells at southeast corner of town near irrigation canal; 

depth, 32 feet; diameter, 7 inches; 3 wells connected to piston suction pump 

with 5-horsepower electric motor and 2 wells equipped with windmills; static 

water level, 8.5 feet below land surface on June 13, 1945; combined yield about 

30 gallons a minute; temperature, 75° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum 30,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Steel pressure tank, 10,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 30,000 

gallons.

Number of customers: 100.

Treatment: None.

Analysis of composite sample 

[Collected June 13, 1945. pH is 7.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj)... ...............

Iron (Fe)_... .................

Calcium (Oa) ...........

Sodium (Na) -________

Bicarbonate (HCOs) -------

Parts 

per 

million

32

.11

114

37

325

8.8

418

Equivalents per 

million

5.69

3.04

14.13

.23

6.85

Sulfate (SO4)- . -

Chloride (Ol)... ..-........ 

Nitrate (NO.) - 

Parts 

per 

million

356

308

1.0

5.4

1,390

436

Equivalents per 

million

7.41

8.69

.05

.09

HABLESTGEN

Population in 1940: 13,306.

Source of information: E. C. Bennett, manager, Central Power & Light Co.,

June 28, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co. 

Source of supply: Canal from Rio Grande.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day 

[Maximum 2,800,000 gallons a day]

May

June ------ -_.

July. . .- . __ _________________

1942

678, 000

866,000

1, 092, 000

1, 016, 000

1, 322, 000

856, 000

1, 155, 000

1, 355, 000

1 244 000

1, 185, 000

1, 265, 000

1943

1, 068, 000

1, 450, 000

1, 200, 000

1, 550, 000

1, 742, 000

1, 365, 000

1, 563, 000

2, 050, 000

1, 430, 000

1, 085, 000

1, 298, 000

1, 172, 000

1944

1, 210, 000

1, 534, 000

1, 400, 000

1, 752, 000

1, 688, 000

1, 657, 000

1, 500, 000

1, 752, 000

1, 579, 000

1, 376, 000

1, 564, 000

1945

1, 594, 000

1, 796, 000

1, 776, 000

2, 200, 000

2, 128, 000

2, 282, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 150,000 gallons; impounding reservoir, 55,000,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 3,026. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination and postchlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 39

Analysis of finished water 

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02)__ _

Parts 

per 

million

12

.19

92

16

84

7.5

140

Equivalents per 

million

4.59

1.32

3.67

.19

2.29

Sulfate (SOO - ' - 

Chloride (Cl) ... 

Nitrate (NO3). --

Parts 

per 

million

198

114

1.8

3.0

660

196

Equivalents per 

million

4.12

3.22

.<#

.05

LA FBKIA

Population in 1940: 1,614.

Source of information: O. O. Butcher, city secretary; H. T. Anderson, water 

superintendent, June 9, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well at concrete tank and city hall, drilled in 1929 by LayneTexas Co.; depth, 216 feet; diameter, 16 to 8 inches; screens at 115-156 and182-213 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; 

static water level, 7 feet below land surface in December 1929 and 9.2 feet 

after pump had been shut down 20 minutes on June 9, 1945; yield, 380 gallons 

a minute with a draw-down of 21 feet; temperature, 78° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 50,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Concrete ground reservoir, 45,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 310.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected June 9,1945. pH is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Calcium (Ca) 

Sodium (Na) 

Bicarbonate (HOOs)... .......

Parts 

per 

million

35

2.1

96

48

462

16

465

Equivalents per 

million

4.79

3.95

20.06

.41

7.62

Sulfate (SO4). -- 

Chloride (Cl)..... ...... - .

Fluoride (P).... - .............

Nitrate (NO8) -

Parts 

per 

million

460

420

1.2

6.1

1,780

437

Equivalents per 

million

9.58

11.85

.06

.10

Driller's log

Soil........... ................

Clay........ . .......

Clay..... ................

Thickness 

(feet)

2

30

22

22

V7

3

Depth 

(feet)

2

32

KA

76

116

Clay..... ... ... .....

Clay-. 

Thickness 

(feet)

43

2

6

15

1

3

Depth 

(feet)

159

161

167

182

183

186
40 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

LOS FKESNOS

Population in 1940: 475.

Source of information: Hall Palmer, water superintendent, July 11, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Canal from Rio Gr&nde.

Pumpage: Average, 20,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 25,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 45,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 125.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis of finished water 

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs)--. 

Iron (Fe) ____________

Bicarbonate (HCOa)- _ -. 

Parts 

per 

million

12

.19

92

16

84

7.5

140

Equivalents per 

million

4 59

1 V)

3.67

.19

2.29

Sulfate (S04). .

Chloride (Cl)... ... .. .. 

Nitrate (NO3)- .. -

Parts 

per 

million

198

114

1.8

3.0

660

296

Equivalents per 

million

4.12

3.22

.09

.05

PORT ISABEL,

Population in 1940: 1,440.

Source of information: B. B. Burnell, mayor, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; impounding reservoirs, 12,000,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 400.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.

Analysis of finished water 

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowleyl

Silica (SiOa) 

Bicarbonate (HCO3). ........

Parts 

per 

million

12

.19

92

16

84

7.5

140

Equivalents per 

million

4 59

3.67

19

2.29

Sulfate (SOi)- -

Chloride (Cl)...... .... .. ~

Fluoride (F)_... ..............

Nitrate (NO8) -

Parts 

per 

million

198

114

1.8

3.0

660

296

Equivalents per 

million

4.12

3.22

.09

.05

RIO HONDO

Population in 1940: 804.

Source of information: H. E. Mallornee, city secretary, June 30, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Canal from Rio Grande.

Pumpage: Maximum, 50,000 gallons; average, 30,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 145.

Treatment: Chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 41

Analysis 

[Collected June 30, 1945. pH not determined. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (Si08)......_ ...........

Iron (Fe) - ______ ....

Calcium (Ca). ________

Sodium (Na). _ . ___ . __ .

Potassium (K)._ ___ : ___

Parts 

per 

million

82

32

153

143

Equivalents per 

million

4.09

2.63

6.64

2.34

Sulfate (SOt). ................

Chloride (CD .........

Nitrate (NO3) .............

Total hardness as CaCOa __

Parts 

per 

million

238

215

.2

877

336

Equivalents per 

million

4.96

6.06

.00

SAN BENTTO

Population in 1940: 9,501.

Source of information: S. C. Clark, Central Power and Light Co., July 12, 1945.

Owner: Central Power and Light Co.

Source of supply: Resaca de los Fresnos and canal from Rio Grande.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

April .....................

1944

488,000

509,000

570, 000

621, 000

520,000

492, 000

1945

551, 000

635, 000

590, 000

585, 000

648, 000

575, 000

July .' ..

1944

465, 000

487, 000

397, 000

400, 000

400,000

485, 000

1945

Storage: Elevated tank, 150,000 gallons; clear well, 165,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,686.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination and postchlorination.

Analysis of finished water 

[Collected Aug. 6, 1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) ._.____. 

Bicarbonate (HC O3) . . . ......

Parts 

per 

million

12

.19

92

.16

84

7.5

140

Equivalents per 

million

4.59

1.32

3.67

.19

2.29

Sulfate (804)...... ........

Chloride (Cl) ... ...........

Nitrate (NOs) ... .... ... .

Parts 

per 

million

198

114

1.8

3.0

660

296

Equivalents per 

million

4.12

3.22

.09

.05

COMAL COUNTY 

NEW BRAUNFELS

Population in 1940: 6,976.

Source of information: C. H. Wimberly, water superintendent, Dec. 4, 1943.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Drilled in 1941; depth, 116 feet; diameter, 12 inches; centrifugal pump 

and electric motor; yield, 2,300 gallons a minute with draw-down of 7 feet 

after 12 hours pumping.
42 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Well 2. About 30 feet north of well 1; drilled in 1941; depth, 102 feet; diameter, 8 inches; centrifugal pump and electric motor; yield, 1,200 gallons a 

minute.

Average pumpage, gallons a day

April-. -... .........

1942

810, 000

830, 000

940, 000

990, 000

890, 000

1, 457, 000

19 13

1, 100, 000

1, 068, 000

1, 426, 000

1, 630, 000

1, 254, 000

July . - --

1942

1, 253, 000

1, 230, 000

1,300,000

850, 000

1, 068, 000

 916, 000

1943

1, 677, 000

1,850,000

Storage: 2 standpipes, 1,000,000 gallons and 370,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 2,200. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

[Collected Dec. 4, 1943. pH: well 1 is 7.2; well 2 is 7.1. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2)__ .................. ...

Iron(Fe)-_._ __ ---._- --_ ..

Sodium (Na) _ . __ _ . ___ __ ..... _ _ .......

Potassium (K) ______ __ ...... __ ___ .. .. ..

Bicarbonate (HCOa) . ______ _ ____________ _

Sulfate(S04). . . ..- ................ -

Chloride (Ol)_. ................... _____ ...

Fluoride(F) ______ _________________________________

Nitrate (NOs). . ...... -.. -.... .

Total hardness as CaCOj... _ ... _ __. _ _ .. ...

Welll

Parts per 

million

11 

.08 

73 

17 

5.1 

1.6 

263 

24 

14 

.2 

5.8 

281 

252

Equivalents 

per million

3.64 

1.40 

.22 

.04 

4.31 

.50 

.39 

.01 

.09

Well 2

Parts per 

million

11 

.02 

73 

17 

3.9 

1.6 

261 

24 

13 

.2 

5.5 

283 

252

Equivalents 

per million

3.64 

1.40 

.17 

.04 

4.28 

.50 

.37 

.01 

.09

Driller's log, well 1

Thickness 

(feet)

9

6

13

Depth 

(feet)

15

9S

Thickness 

(feet)

30

58

Depth 

(feet)

5*

11«

DE WITT COUNTYj 

CUERO

Population in 1940: 5,474.

Source of information: J. M. Johnson, water superintendent, Dec. 22, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 6 wells.

Well 1. Northeast well of four at pump station; drilled in 1911; 

depth, 735 feet; diameter, 6 inches; flows about 75 gallons a minute; deepwell turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 50 feet; 

yield, 400 gallons a minute; temperature, 82° F.

Well 2. Southeast well of four at pump station; drilled in 1911; 

depth, 820 feet; diameter, 6 inches; flows about 75 gallons a minute; no 

pump; temperature, 84° F.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 43

Well 3. Northwest well of four at pump station; drilled in 1915; 

depth, 1,190 feet; diameter, 6 inches; flows about 90 gallons a minute; no 

pump; temperature, 88H° F.

Well 4. Southwest well of four at pump station; drilled in 1918 by 

G. C. Witte; depth, 1,160 feet; diameter, 8 inches; flows about 200 gallons a 

minute; no pump; temperature, 90° F.

Well 5. On west Morgan Avenue about 300 feet southwest of pump 

station, drilled by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 1,173 feet; diameter, 12 to 

6 inches; screens at 1,072 to 1,134, and 1,149 to 1,170 feet; flows about 325 

gallons a minute; deep-well turbine pump and 12J^-horsepower electric 

motor; pump set at 65 feet; yield about 750 gallons a minute; temperature, 

90° F.

Well 6. Near intersection of French and Hunt Streets about 3,000 

feet northeast of pump station; drilled in 1943 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

depth, 1,207 feet; diameter, 12% to 6% inches; screens at 1,081 to 1,141 and 

1,146 to 1,203 feet; flows about 325 gallons a minute; water level 19 feet 

above land surface when completed; deep-well turbine pump and 15- 

horsepower electric motor; pump set at 90 feet; draw-down, 56J4 feet 

while pumping 800 gallons a minute; present yield about 750 gallons a 

minute; temperature, 91° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 1,250,000; minimum, 750,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Ground reservoir, 175,000 gallons; elevated tank, 150,000 gallons. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected Sept. 14,1939. pH: wells 1, 3, 5, each 8.4; wells 2, 4 each 8.2; well 6, 7.8. Wells 1-5 analyzed by 

State health department; well 6, by J. H. Kowley]

Silica (Si02). .................. ..........

Iron (Fe).. ................... .............

Calcium (Ca). ........ .,..-.---........---

Magnesium (Mg)~ ... - ... . ..

Bicarbonate (HCOi) ......................

Sulfate(S04) ............. ...........

Chloride (Cl). ............................

Fluoride (F).. ........... .................

Nitrate (N03). ...... ............... ...

Silica (Si02). _.._-.__-._____. ____L- ....

Calcium (Ca)_... .. __.-. ........ ...

Potassium (K). ____ ______ .......

Sulfate(S04) - - ........

Chloride (Cl).. ...........................

Fluoride (F) ..............................

Nitrate(N03)- .- 

Well!

Parts 

per 

million

15 

.06

9

8

} 236

393 

44 

144 

.6

643 

56

Equivalents per 

million

0.45 

.66

10.26

6.44 

.92 

4.06 

.03

Well 4

20 

.1

9 

5

} 377

539 

11 

291 

.6

966 

43

0.45 

.41

16.39

8.83 

.23 

8.21 

.03

Well 2

Parts 

per 

million

13

.05

8 

6

252

433 

43 

137 

1.4

673 

44

Equivalents per 

million

0.40 

.49

10.96

7.10 

.90 

3.86 

.07

Well 5

20 

n>;

8 

3

339

488 

42 

231 

.6

875 ' 

32

0.40 

.25

14.74

8.00 

0.87 

6.51 

.03

Well 3

Parts 

per 

million

18 

.17

10

5

323

470 

34 

231 

.08

846 

46

Equiva; 

lents per 

million

0.50 

.41

14.05

7.70 

.71 

6.51 

.04

Well 6

25 

.26

8.8 

1.4 

408 

17 

565 

1.1 

334 

.4 

.2 

1,070 

28

0.44 

.12 

17.73 

.43 

9.26 

0.02 

9.42 

.02 

.00

863013 5C
44 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Drillers' logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 3

Clay. 

Clay.- - 

32

8

2

68

90

26

10

8

152

4fi

99

11

15

32

Af\

42

110

200

226

236

OAA

248

400

440

539

550

565

19

87

15

44

60

46

35

144

40

6

6

33

65

584

671

686

730

790

836

871

1,015

1,055

1,061

1,067

1,100

1,165

Well 4

Clay 

32

8

2

8

60

110

6

10

4

8

52

60

40

40

35

32

40

42

50

110

220

226

236

240

248

300

360

400

440

75

15

19

6

81

15

44

106

35

144

40

19

6

22

58

550

565

584

590

671

686

730

836

871

1,015

1,055

1,074

1,080

1,102

1,160

Well 5

Clay.---. .. 

Clay-- 

Shale. .

10

10

43

20

28

31

40

43

10

30

124

12

10

53

17

20

63

59

15

5

6

16

14

37

25

10

20

63

97

-IAK

176

216

269

299

435

AAK

498

K1 K

535

KQQ

657

672

677

683

699

713

750

775

Shale. _________ 

Shale ______________

25

6

22

17

55

55

47

21

23

6

19

8

43

13

5

6

27

7Q

5

82

21

14

6

117

10

19

800

806

828

900

955

1,002

1,023

1,046

1,052

1,071

1,079

1,122

1,135

1,140

1,173

1 9W

1,257

1,339

1,360

1,374

1,380

1,497

1,507

1,526
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Drillers' logs Continued

45

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 6

Sandy clay and boulders. .-_-

Sand

Fine-grained sand and gravelShale ______________

8 

17 

25 

22 

7 

8 

45 

3 

14 

67 

38 

25 

29 

16 

27 

26 

81 

54 

16 

50 

83 

43

8 

25 

60 

72 

79 

87 

132 

135 

149 

216 

255 

280 

309 

325 

352 

378 

469 

523 

539 

589 

672 

715

Shale. ........................

Sand

Clay breaks. 

Shale - _ . --

Shale .. 

Shale _______ ___ ...

31 

11 

27 

10 

52 

24 

104 

42 

3 

11

12 

8 

34 

52 

6 

. 12 

13 

17 

20 

3

746 

757 

784 

794 

846 

870 

874 

1,016 

1,018 

1,030

1,042 

1,050 

1,084 

1,136 

1,142 

1,154 

1,167 

1,184 

1,204 

1,207

NORDHEEM

Population in 1940: 411.

Source of information: E. A. Stuermer, city secretary, Dec. 21, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank, drilled in 1923, depth 1,320 feet; diameter, 

8 to 6 inches; casing perforated at 520-530 and 800-815 feet; water level, 180 

feet below land surface in April 1939; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 210 feet; yield, about 235 gallons a minute; 

temperature, 85° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 100,000 gallons; minimum 50,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons; elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 137.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Dec. 21,1945. pH is 7.1. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs) - -- --

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Bicarbonate (HC Oa) -_.- -

Parts 

per 

million

24

.12

39

7 9

136

11

341

Equivalents per 

million

1.95

.65

5.92

.28

5.59

Sulfate (SOO ~

Chloride (Cl) ....... .......

Fluoride (F)_-_ ..............

Nitrate (NOj) ... ... .....

Parts 

per 

million

51

76

.2

0

518

130

Equivalents per 

million

1.06

2.14

.01

.00
46 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

YORKTOWN

Population in 1940: 2,081.

Source of information: A. N. Schwarz, water superintendent, Dec. 21, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well across street from City hall, drilled in 1939 by LayneTexas Co., drilled to 2,000 feet and plugged back to 960 feet; diameter, 16 to 

8 inches; static water level, 26 feet below land surf ace when drilled and 33 feet on 

Dec. 21, 1944, after pump had been shut off 3 hours; deep-well turbine pump and 

electric motor, pump set at 76 feet; draw down, 83 feet pumping 508 gallons a 

minute; temperature, 86° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 150,000 gallons; minimum, 75,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Ground reservoir, 150,000 gallons; elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 369.

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected Dec. 21, 1944. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Silica (SiOs)----. _ ..........

Potassium (K) . ___ ___

Parts 

per 

million

26

.14

47

6.6

155

18

341

Equivalents per 

million

2.35

.54

6.72

.46

5.59

Sulfate (SOi)... ..............

Chloride (Cl).. ..

Fluoride (F)-..___.. ..___.__.

Nitrate (NOt). ...............

Total hardness as CaCOs ...

Parts 

per 

million

76

102

.1

.5

603

144

Equivalents per 

million

1.58

2.88

.01

.01

Driller's log

Sand. ......... __ ...........

Clay. .....................

Clay. . 

Sand and layers of shale ...... 

Sand...... _ . ..........-

Soft blue shale ................

Thickness 

(feet)

59

45

1

24

67

78

2

20

180

119

20

11

23 

42

12

83

Depth

(feet)

59

104

105

129

196

276

296

476

595

615

626

649 

691

703

786

Hard shale and sand rock.....

Thickness 

(feet)

50

60

27

13

623

1

48

66

1

21

5

68

37 

3

67

124

Depth 

(feet)

836

896

923

936

1,559

1,560

1,608

1,674

1,675

1,696

1,701

1,769

1,806 

1,809

1,876

2,000

DIMMIT COUNTY 

ASHERTON

Population in 1940: 1,538.

Source of information: L. P. Butler, manager, May 11, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled in 1926 by Layne-Texas Co., 

depth, 640 feet; diameter, 12 inches; cases to 352 feet; deep-well turbine pump 

and 25-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 52.5 feet below land 

surface on June 19, 1927; yield, 420 gallons a minute; temperature, 84° F.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, capacity 

unknown.

Number of customers: 292.

Treatment: None.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 47

Analysis 

[Collected May 11,1945. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Iron (Fe).... .................

Calcium (Ca)... _______

Sodium (Na). ........ .......

Bicarbonate (H C Os) ---------

Parts 

per 

million

17

.34

60

15

158

20

Equivalents per 

million

2.99

6.88

3.97

Sulfate (SO4)- .............

Chloride (Cl)....... .......

Nitrate (NO3) . 

Parts 

per 

million

200

122

.8

0

716

211

Equivalents per 

million

4 16

3.44

.04

.00

BIG WELLS

Population in 1940: 866.

Source of information: W. Lindenborn, water superintendent, May 11, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well one block west of elevated tank; drilled in 1937 by Cribba

and Davidson; depth, 1,355 feet; diameter, 10 to 8 inches; cased to 800 feet;

deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor; static water level

reported 54 feet below land surface on May 11, 1945; yield, 275 gallons a

minute; temperature, 94° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 25,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; steel ground reservoir, 25,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 178. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected May 11,1945. pH is 8.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOa) - - 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)-.--.-.-

Parts 

per 

million

17

.42

4.3

1.6

223

8.6

361

Equivalents per 

million

0.21

9.71

99

5.92

Sulfate (804)- - 

Chloride (Cl)... . .

Fluoride (F). . ................

Parts 

per 

million

90

85

1.6

.2

612

17

Equivalents per 

million

1.87

2.40

.08

.00

Driller's log, well 1

Thickness 

(feet)

0

140

30

17

15

8

30

50

10

10

66

4

45

20

14

19

17

35

1 f»

15

18

8

Depth 

(feet)

20

160

190

207

230

OfiA

310

OOf\

330

396

400

AAK

465

479

498

515

550

K«C

606

Thickness 

(feet)

26

18

5

10

5

25

29

26

8

7

30

17

13

18

10

42

55

45

15

60

90

95

Depth 

(feet)

632

650

655

665

670

695

724

750

758

765

795

812

825

843

853

895

950

995

1,010

1,170

1,260

1,355
48 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

BRUNDAGB

Population in 1940: 50.

Source of information: W. H. Duncanson, operator, May 11, 19-15.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled by Mr. Wheeler in 1909; depth.,

1,170 feet; diameter, 6 inches; cylinder pump and 8-horsepower gasoline engine.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 4,000 to 5,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated wooden tank, about 10,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 14.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected May 11,1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO_) ...............

Iron (Fe) __.. ._

Bicarbonate (HCO3) ...... ..

Parts 

per 

million

90

.73

36

9 1

Equivalents per 

million

1.80

QA

4.87

OO

5 9Q

Sulfate (SO).. . 

Chloride (Cl)_____ 

Floride (F) _ ............

Parts 

per 

million

54

47

1.0

.8

454

135

Equivalents per 

million

1.12

1.33

.0&

.01

CARRIZO SPRINGS

Population in 1940: 2,494.

Source of information: Bert Holmgreen, water superintendent, May 10 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At elevated tank; drilled in 1928 by W. D. Morrison; depth, 322 

feet; diameter, 12}4 inches; cased to 123 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 

30-horsepower electric motor; static water level; 82.4 feet below land surface on March 12, 1930, and reported 105 feet in May 1945; yield, 67& 

gallons a minute.

Well 2. About 300 feet west of well 1; drilled in 1944 by Elmo Owens; depth, 

338 feet; diameter, 16 inches; cased to 123 feet; deep-well submersible 

pump and 30-horsepower electric motor; static water level reported, 105 

feet below land surface in May 1945; yield, 500 gallons a minute with drawdown of 25 feet; temperature, 78° F.

Pumpage: No data.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 60,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 508.

Treatment: None.

Analysis, well 2

[Collected May 10,1945. pH is 7.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs). .................

Iron (Fe)__... ....... ...

Calcium (Ca)___ ______________

Magnesium (Mg) _._._____

Sodium (Na) .. ...

Potassium (K) ---..--.- . .

Bicarbonate (HCOs) _

Parts 

per 

million

24

.18

58

16

221

Equivalents per 

million

2.89

1.32

3.62

Sulfate (SOt\.. ...............

Chloride (CI). -.. __ ______

Nitrate (NOa) - _ -

Parts 

per 

million

113

136

.6

4.0

606

210

Equivalents per 

million

2.35

3.84

.03

.06
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 49

Driller's log well 2

Bock........ _______ __ ......

Coarse-grained sand ___ ...

Thickness 

(feet)

20

92

3

3

20

Depth 

(feet)

20

112

115

118

138

Thickness 

(feet)

84

33

15

55

13

Depth 

(feet)

222

255

270

325

338

CATARINA

Population in 1940: 403.

Source of information: L. D. White, bookkeeper, May 11, 1945.

Owner: Catarina Water Supply Co.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled in 1926 by Flo yd Trim; depth, 

1,334 feet; diameter, 12% to 10 inches; cased to 1,025 feet; deep-well turbine 

pump and 50-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 240 feet; static water 

level, 103 feet below land surface on Dec. 22, 1938; yield, 600 gallons a minute; 

temperature, 96° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 72,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Standpipe, estimated 175,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 53

Treatment: None.

. Analysis

[Collected May 11,1945. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Bowley]

Silica (SiO.)_____. --__.-___-..

Iron (Fe)_-__ ....... __ ......

Calcium (C&). ...............

Magnesium (Mg)-__-

Sodium (Na) ....... . .....

Bicarbonate (HCO3) ...--..

Parts 

per 

million

18

.30

16

6.9

392

25

240

Equivalents per 

million

0.80

.57

17.06

.64

3.93

Sulfate (SOt). ................

Chloride (CI)_. ...............

Fluoride (F). ........ . . ...

Nitrate (NOs) .. . . 

Parts 

per 

million

212

378

1.0

1.2

1170

68

Equivalents per 

million

4.41

10.68

.05

.02

Driller's log

Sand..... _ . ... __ . ...

Sand and coal...... . ..

Gray shale. .. _____ ..' ....

Blueshale.. ...... ...

Blueshale. __________

Sand....

Blueshale. ........... .......

Sand (freshwater) ______

Whiteshale. -.... .. ...... .

Bed shale.... ___ _ ..

Sand (freshwater). _ ........

Bed and blue shale. __ .. ...

Thickness 

(feet)

5

25

20

25

90

60

35

10

20

35

55

15

35

30

15

50

55

25

20

40

50

Depth 

(feet)

5

30

50

75

165

250

290

One

305

325

360

415

430

465

495

510

560

615

640

660

700

750 Clay.-.......... ... 

Thickness 

(feet)

5

35

15

45

15

25

10

20

40

10

10

40

5

35

10

15

5

15

10

15

5

195

4

Depth 

(feet)

755

790

805

850

865

89&

959

920

960

970

980

1,020

1,025

1,060

1,070

1,085

1,090

1,105

1,115

' 1, 130>

1,135

1,330

1,334
50 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

DUVAL COUNTY

BENAVTDES

Population in 1940: 3,081.

Source of information: A. C. Canales, city alderman, March 7, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells, 3 blocks south and 3 blocks west of railway depot.

Well 1. Drilled in 1938 by Gus Delaney; depth, 328 feet; diameter, 8 inches; 

deep-well submersible turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor set 

at 325 feet; static water level, 215 feet below land surface in December 

1942; yield, about 100 gallons a minute; temperature, 81° F. 

Well 2. Drilled in 1943 by Layne-Texas Co., Ltd.; depth, 615 feet; diameter, 

12% to 8% inches; screens at 209-244, 259-275, 327-356, 450-462 and 

483-518 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; 

static water level, 87.9 feet below land surface on Mar. 7, 1945; drawdown, 28 feet pumping 125 gallons a minute during pump test in October 

1943; temperature, 80^° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 200,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Ground reservoir, 55,000 gallons; elevated steel tank, 55,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 714.

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

[Data for both wells: Collected March 7,1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by M. L. Bcgley]

Silica (SiO2) - .. 

Iron(Fe) .....

Calcium (Ca) ___ _. . .....

Magnesium (Mg).. _ __..... ... ... ....

Sodium (Na) _ . __ _ _____ ._ . . ...

Potassium (TC). .... .. ....

Bicarbonate (HO Os) ______ __ . -- _ ..

Sulfate (SO4).. ..... .....

Chloride (Cl). ________________________

Fluoride(F). ......................................

Nitrate (NCh)~ ~. .. -...

Welll

Parts per 

million

22 

.02 

42 

17 

392 

12 

330 

253 

345 

1.0 

25 

1,270 

175

Equivalents 

per million

2.10 

1.40 

17.05 

.31 

5.41 

5.27 

9.73 

.05 

.40

Well 2

Parts per 

million

29 

.02 

41 

17 

364 

12 

297 

231 

338 

.8 

20 

1,200 

172

Equivalents 

per million

, 2.05 

1.40 

15.81 

.31 

4.87 

4.81 

9.53 

.04 

.32

Driller's log, well

Soil - - ..

Hard caliche _ -... . .

Clay...._ .......... .......

Fine-grained sand --.-.. ...-

Thickness 

(feet)

3

17

OO

17

24

5

14

43

39

25

35

15

66

29

Depth 

(feet)

20

43

60

84

89

103

185

210

245

260

326

Clay....... ...............

Clay... . ___._ _ ...

Thickness 

(feet)

14

4

44

13

20

12

21

12

3

19

28

26

44

Depth 

(feet)

369

373

417

430

450

462

483

495

498

517

545

571

615
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 51

FREER

Population in 1940: 2,346.

Source of information: J. F. McCalla, engineer, March 6, 1945. 

Owner: Freer Utilities Co. (Jarbee, Inc.).

Source of supply: 2 wells on Strip lease, three-quarters of a mile south of post 

office; 1 well on Moody "B" Salt Dome lease, 1% miles south of post office; 

3 wells on Saxet lease, 1}^ miles southwest of post office.

Well 1 (Strip lease). Drilled in 1937; depth, 450 feet; diameter, 7 inches, top 

of sand at about 365 feet; cylinder pump and rod line from well 2; 10- 

horsepower electric motor; static water level, about 165 feet below land 

surface; yield, 15 gallons a minute; temperature, 88J^° F. 

Well 2 (Strip lease). Drilled in 1938; depth, 570 feet; diameter, 7 inches; 

screen at 450-570 feet; cylinder pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; 

static water level about 165 feet below land surface; yield, 30 gallons a 

minute; temperature, 89° F.

Well 1 (Moody "B" lease). Drilled about 1933; depth, 700 feet; diameter, 

7 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; static 

water level, 172.4 feet below land surface on March 6, 1945; yield, 55 

gallons a minute; temperature, 81° F.

Well 1 (Saxet lease). Drilled about 1932; depth, 600-700 feet; diameter, 

7 inches; cylinder pump and rod line from oil well power plant, cylinder 

set at 450 feet; yield, 20 gallons a minute; temperature, 78° F. 

Well 2 (Saxet lease). Drilled about 1938; depth, 200±feet; diameter, 

7 inches; cylinder pump and rod line from oil well power plant, cylinder 

set at 180 feet; static water level, 140.4 feet below land surface on Mar. 6, 

1945; yield, 10 gallons a minute.

Well 3 (Saxet lease). Drilled about 1938; depth, 200±feet; diameter, 

7 inches; cylinder pump and rod line from oil well power plant, cylinder 

set at 175 feet; static water level, 149.1 feet below land surface; yield, 

10 gallons a minute.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 100,000 to 120,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Concrete ground reservoir, 120,000 gallons; wood tank on ground, 40,000

gallons; elevated tank, 75,000 gallons. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected Mar 6, 1945. pH: well 1 (Strip lease), 7.5; well 2 (Strip lease) and well 1 (Saxet lease), 7.4^ 

Well 1 (Woody "B" lease), 7.6. Analyzed by M. L. Begley]

Silico (Si02) . 

Magnesium (Mg) __ ___ __ . _____ ___ ....

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ____________ ___ ...

Sulfate (SO.) 

Chloride (Cl) ....... ...............................

Fluoride (F)... ....................................

Nitrate (NO3) 

Well 1 (Strip lease)

Parts per 

million

18 

4.6 

52 

12 

1,660 

32 

322 

7.8 

2,520 

.2 

2.2 

4,460 

180

Equivialents 

per million

2.60 

.99 

72.15 

.82 

5.28 

.16 

71.07 

.01 

.04

Well 2 (Strip lease)

Parts per 

million

11

.79 

52 

12 

1,650 

32 

326 

6.8 

2,510 

.2 

3.2 

4,440 

180

Equvalents 

per million

2.60 

.99 

71.92 

.82 

5.34 

.14 

70.79 

.01 

.05-
52 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

A nalyses Continued

Silica (SiO2) - - -

Sodium (NiO __ __._._._.

Sulfate (SO4)-- ---------------------------------

Chloride (Cl).. -- - - .. .

Fluoride(F). .._

Nitrate (NO3 ) _ _ 

Welll (Moody "B" 

lease)

Parts per 

million

82 

.67 

52 

19 

454 

22 

495 

344 

316 

.8 

14 

1,550 

208

Equivalents 

per million

2.60 

1.56 

19.73 

.56 

8.11 

7.16 

8.91 

.04 

.23

Well 1 (Saxet lease)

Parts per 

million

56 

.34 

88 

24 

921 

29 

353 

191 

1.320 

.4 

7.0 

2,810 

318

Equivalents 

per million

4.39 

1.97 

40.03 

.74 

5.79 

3.98 

37.23 

.02 

.11

SAJST DIEQO

Population in 1940: 2,674.

Source of information: A. R. Martinez, water superintendent, March 6, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells located 3 blocks south of post office, west of U. S. 

Highway 59.

Well 1. Drilled in 1937 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 509 feet; diameter, 13% 

to 6% inches; screens at 402-468 and 484-505 feet; deep-well turbine pump 

and 20-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 90 feet below land 

surface on March 11, 1937; yield, 225 gallons a minute with draw-down 

of 90 feet; temperature, 81° F.

Well 2. Drilled in 1936 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 565 feet; diameter, 13% 

to 6% inches; screens at 390-445 and 468-492 feet; deep-well turbine pump 

and 20-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 98 feet below land 

surface on March 12, 1937; yield, 235 gallons a minute with draw-down 

of 125 feet; temperature, 81° F. 

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 200,000 gallons; minimum, 60,000 gallons;

average, 150,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Steel settling tank, 50,000 gallons; elevated tank, 100,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 725. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

[Collected Mar 6, 1945. pH for each well is 7.8. Analyzed by M. L. Begley]

Silica (SIO2)-. 

Sulfa,te(SOt)...... .................................

Chloride (Cl)_ ..........

Fluoride(F) 

Nitrate (NO3) - - - -

Welll

Parts per 

million

25 

.09 

' 29 

12 

231 

8.0 

364 

94 

158 

.7 

15 

754

122

Equivalents 

per million

1.45 

.99 

10.03 

.20 

5.97 

1.96 

4.46 

.04 

.24

Well 2

Parts per 

million

22 

.05 

28 

12 

248 

8.2 

370 

109 

169 

.7 

15 

794 

120

Equivalents 

per million

1.40 

.99 

10.78 

.21 

6.06 

2.27 

4.77 

.04 

.24
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Drillers' Logs

53

Welll

Soil....... ....................

Sand and caliche . ........

Red clay and caliche. _

Red clay ____ . ............

Hard caliche ____ .. ___ ..

Sand... __ _____ .. . ....

Clay..........................

Sand.........................

Clay...... ....................

Sand........... _ ......... .

Thickness 

(feet)

60

48

110

150

23

18

21

4

36

26

8

Depth 

(feet)

5

65

113

223

373

396

414

435

439

475

501

509

Well 2

Soil ........................

Caliche. __ ... ..............

Sand. ........................

Sand.. _...___....._..........

Thickness 

(feet)

5

36

30

142

16

4

32

81

31

27

30

18

87

121

Depth 

(feet)

5

41

71

213

218

234

238

270

351

382

409

439

457

544

565

FBIO COUNTY 

DII/LEY

Population in 1940: 1,244.

Source of information: Gertrude Callender, city secretary, May 9, 1945.

Owner: International and Great Northern Railway (operated by City of Dilley).

Source of supply: Well one-fourth mile south of Dilley; drilled in 1924; depth, 

2,010 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 15-horsepower 

electric motor, pump set at 80 feet; flowed when drilled; static water level, 

reported 40 feet below land surface in April 1945; yield, 240 gallons a minute 

with draw-down of about 40 feet; temperature, 101° F.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day 

[Includes water nsed by railroad]

April 

1940-41

66,700

April 

1941-42

70,500

April 

1942-43

69,000

April 

1943-44

80,000

April 

1944-45

90,000

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 385. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis of water 

[Collected Apr. 9,1945. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by State health department]

Silica (SiOi) ............

Sodium (Na)_. .._..________._

Parts 

per 

million

27

.6 31

10

} 89

280

Equivalents per 

million

1,55

.82

3.87

4.59

Sulfate (SCW-- - -- 

Chloride (Ol)........ ......

Fluoride (F)_._ ..............

Nitrate (NO3)--- _ ---------

Parts 

per 

million

47

23

.66

.4

370

119

Equivalents per 

million

0.98

.65

.03

.01
54 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES- IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log

Soil........................

Rock .... ._ __ .........

Rock_ - --..-._

Rock. -----_ 

Rock ____ ____._-_ __ . ....

Shale,. ___ _ __ _ ___ ....

Rock. ................ ......

Thickness 

(feet)

19

16

14

12

221

1

55

27

2

104

38

2

40

13

3

46

3

17

38

117

30

36

2

10

Depth 

(feet)

19

on

OQ

CO

64

76

9Q7

353

380

486

AQQ

568

630

fiCA

690

' 807

01 1

841

877

879

912

914

Thickness 

(feet)

38

14

89

81

30

10

19

163

30

10

30

10

30

35

62

24

9

14

10

30

60

69

25

16

10

16

20

35

18

67

20

Depth 

(feet)

952

966

1,055

1,136

1,166

1,195

1,358

1,390

1,400

1,430

1,440

1,470

1,505

1,567

1,591

1,600

1,614

1,624

1,654

1,714

1,783

1,808

1,824

1,834

1,850

1,870

1,905

1,923

1,990

2,010

PEARSALL

Population in 1940: 3,164.

Source of information: K. F. Meyer, manager, May 9, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At power plant one block southwest of railroad depot; drilled in 

1926 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 1,303 feet (measured depth 1,216 feet 

in 1940); diameter, 16 to 6 inches; screens at 962-1066 and 1,132-1,241 

feet; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower electric motor, pump set 

at 135 feet; static water level reported, 60 feet below land surface in 1930; 

yield, 625 gallons a minute; temperature, 92° F.

Well 2. About 50 feet northeast of well 1; drilled in 1942 by Layne-Texas 

Co., Ltd., depth, 1,302 feet; diameter, 10% to 7 inches; screens at 1,135- 

1,246 and 1,271-1,297 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 30-horsepower 

electric motor, pump set at 150 feet; static water level, 88 feet below land 

surface on Oct. 23, 1942; yield, 640 gallons a minute with draw-down of 

124 feet; temperature, 93}£° F.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 73,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 583.

Treatment: Hypochlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 55

Analyses

[Collected: Well 1 Feb. 20, 1943. Analyzed by Texas State Department of Health. Well 2, May 9,1945. 

pH is 7.1. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica(SiOs)...- 

Sulfate (SO.) 

Chloride (Cl)__.. 

Dissolv6cl solids

Welll

Parts per 

million

20 

.4 

89 

16

} 28

299 

62 

28 

.4 

.4 

394 

288

Equivalents 

per million

4.44 

1.32

1.22

4.90 

1.29 

.79 

.02 

.01

Well 2

Parts per 

million

18 

.62 

95 

17

17

296 

62 

25 

.6 

0 

391 

307

Equivalents 

per million

4.74 

1.40

.74

4.85 

1.29 

.71 

.03 

.00

Driller's log, Well 2

Layers of shale and boulders. _

Rock ________ . .........

Shale . .-..-. .. .

Thickness 

(feet)

5

30

1

58

1

32

21

18

2

3

20

2

56

2

15

4

36

16

4

11

39

8 

4

4

46

2

21

24

11

30

34

2

12

41

1

10

7

Depth 

(feet)

5

35

36

94

95

127

148

166

168

171

191

193

249

251

266

270

306

322

326

337

376

384 

388

392

438

440

461

485

496

526

560

562

574

516

615

626

633

Rock ... . ....

Rock_._. ____________ ........

Sand_____. ________ _ ._....

Rock_ _ ___ ...... ...- 

Rock__. . _ __ _

Rock . .. .

Sand and shale and breaks. _.

Rock_. _ _ ____ _.__ ........

Shale 

Sand.........................

Thickness 

(feet)

1

3

1

5

15

21

10

13

15

28

11

31

1

2

4

1

76

21

1

9

15

23 

14

47

1

63

16

2

12

10

23

11

18

90

25

5

25

Depth 

(feet)

634

637

fiQQ

fMO

658

679

689

702

717

745

756

787

788

790

794

795

871

892

893

902

917

940 

954

1,001

1,002

1,065

1,081

1,083

1,095

1,105

1,128

1,139

1,157

1,247

1,272

1,277

1,302
56 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

GOLIAD COUNTY 

GCXLIAD

Population in 1940: 1,446.

Source of information: Frank Malech, water superintendent, April 20, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. On river bank; old well; depth, 325 feet; diameter, 8 inches; air

lift; yield, 500 gallons a minute; stand-by well; temperature, 75° F. 

Well 2. At pump station; drilled in 1936 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 461 

feet; diameter, 8 to 6 inches; screens at 390-403 and 412-460 feet; deepwell turbine pump and 25-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 156 

feet; static water level, 59 feet below land surface; yield, 261 gallons a 

minute with draw-down of 46 feet on Nov. 6, 1936; present static water 

level reported, 60 feet and yield, 175 gallons a minute; temperature, 78° F. 

Pumpage: Maximum, 200,000 gallons and average, 100,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Standpipe, 85,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 80,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 263. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected Apr. 20,1945. pH for each well is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOn) - .--.-- .........

Iron (Fe) __ . ___ . _ ......... ____ . _ ...

Sodium (Na) _ -- ____________________

Bicarbonate (HCOs)... __ .---..... __ ..... _ ..

Sulfate (SOt)........ ............................

Chloride (Cl)_. ....... ... .......................

Fluoride(F). ......................................

Nitrate (NOs) . - ..- 

Welll

Parts per 

million

53 

8.4 

70 

20 

90 

7.0 

335 

38 

102 

.6 

2.8 

557 

256

Equivalents 

per million

3.49 

1.64 

3.93 

.18 

5.49 

.79 

2.88 

.03 

.05

Well 2

Parts per 

million

31 

.44 

112 

31 

92 

9.8 

336 

35 

217 

.6 

1.2 

805 

407

Equivalents 

per million

5.59 

2.55 

4.02 

.25 

5.51 

.73 

6.12 

.03 

.02

Driller's log, Well

Soil__...._. ...................

Sand. _____ ______ ....

Hard sticky shale. ............

Thickness 

(feet)

2

3

12

13

22

20

25

38

71

Depth 

(feet)

2

5

17

30

72

97

135

206

Thickness 

(feet)

15

122

10

22

7

20

5

50

4

Depth 

(feet)

221

343

353

375

382

402

407

457

461
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 57

GONZALBS COUNTY 

GONZALES

Population in 1940: 4,722.

Source of information: Lewis Nix, water superintendent, Dec. 20, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Guadalupe River.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day, 1944

April- _ ___ . .........

256, 500

257, 800

269, 100

347, 300

July.. ..................

288, 300

429, 200

525, 900

469, 700

530, 100

290,000

290,000

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,163.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and prechlorination and postchlorination.

Analysis of raw water 

[Collected Dec. 20,1844. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Silica (SiOs) ... ... 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ___ -

Parts 

per 

milliou

7 9

19

86

24

76

9.5

236

Equivalents per 

million

4.29

1.97

3.30

.24

3.87

Chloride (Cl).._._ ..... ....

Nitrate (NOs) -- --

Parts 

per 

million

47

173

.2

4.0

583

313

Equivalents per 

million

0 08

4.88

.01

.06

NIXON

Population in 1940: 1,835.

Source of information: Mayor, December 22, 1944.

Owner: Terrell Bartlett Co.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled in 1929; depth, about 1,400 

feet; diameter, 10 inches; centrifugal pump and electric motor; flows, static 

water level 15 feet above land surface in 1942 and 12.5 feet in 1944; yield, when 

pumped, about 150 gallons a minute.

Pumpage: Unknown.

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons.

Number of customers: Unknown.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Dec. 22,1944. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Silica (SiO2 ) .... .... ....

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ------

Parts 

per 

million

16

.2

7.2

29

5.8

168

Equivalents per 

million

.592

1 269

.148

2.754

Sulfate (SOO - 

Chloride (Cl). ...............

Nitrate (NO3) . 

Parts 

per 

million

30

29

.5

249

139

Equivalents per 

million

0.625

.818

.000

.008'
58 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

WAEU5ER

Population in 1940: 1,018.

Source of information: A. E. Bost, water superintendent, Dec. 20, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well drilled in 1926 by Bost Brothers; depth, 511 feet; deepwell turbine pump and 15-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 210 feet; 

reported static water level 50 feet below land surface; draw-down, 126 feet 

after pumping 150 gallons a minute for 3 weeks; temperature, 79° F.

Pumpage: Maximum, 156,000; minimum 72,000; average, 108,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 60,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 287.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Dec. 20,1944. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOa) 

IV^acrnesium (IVtt?)

Parts 

per 

million

19

.31

49

20

103

16

208

Equivalents per 

million

2.45

4.47

.41

Q 41

Chloride (Cl).______ ..........

Parts 

per 

million

142

Q1

.1

1.5

544

Equivalents per 

million

2 OR

2

K7

.01

.02

GT7ADALT7PE COUNTY

MARION

Population in 1940: 373.

Source of information: E. C. Schulz, city secretary, July 28, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well 4}^ miles north of Marion; drilled in 1933; depth, 50 feet; 

diameter, 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 7% horsepower electric motor 

static water level, 3 feet below land surface on July 28, 1944, after pump had 

been shut off 20 hours; yield, 80 gallons a minute with draw-down of about 

2 feet after 1 hour pumping; temperature, 71° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 25,000 gallons; minimum, 10,000 gallons; 

average 15,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 96.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis

[Collected July 28,1944. pH is 7.3. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOa) -

Parts 

per 

million

18

.10

15

67

4.8

353

Equivalents per 

million

6.99

1.23

.12

5.79

Sulfate (804) - 

Chloride (Cl)._ ... ...

Nitrate (NOs). ... ... ...

Parts 

per 

million

QQ

Sfl

.9

67

685

411

Equivalents per 

million

2.06

2.26

.05

1.08
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

SEGUIN

Population in 1940: 7,006.

Source of information: P. B. Roessler, plant superintendent, July 28, 1944.

Ownership:. Municipal.

Source of supply: Guadalupe River.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

59

July.-. -.- .

1941

476, 290

477, 143

499, 000

586, 666

720, 000

822, 433

1, 245, 796

1, 277, 161

917, 900

620, 090

653, 200

588, 490

1942

660, 806

618, 982

794, 000

667, 766

878, 709

1, 258, 533

1, 053, 387

1, 036, 580

839, 800

632,322

585, 733

579, 451

1943

584, 741

640, 250

700, 451

902, 500

1, 098, 516

1, 041, 660

1, 102, 516

1, 398, 000

842, 466

705, 870

659, 833

540, 806

1944

503, 000

511, 206

511, 110

741, 060

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; standpipe, 290,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 1,900.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.

Analysis of raw water 

[Collected July 28,1944. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02) . -- 

Iron (Fe) 

(Na+K). ..................

Parts 

per 

million

12

.15

56

20

18

260

Equivalents per 

million

2.80

1.64

.77

4.26

Sulfate (SOt). ................

Chloride (Cl)._._ .........

Nitrate (NOs) 

Parts 

per 

million

22

15

.2

3.8

280

222

Equivalents per 

million

0.46

.42

.01

.06

HAYS COUNTY 

BTJDA

Population in 1940: 300.

Source of information: John Howe, co-owner, Jan. 28, 1946.

Owner: John Howe and W. M. Moore.

Source of supply: Well 100 yards east of depot by water tower; drilled in 1941

by Mr. Tyler; depth, 325 feet; diameter, 10 inches; cased to about 200 feet;

deep-well Hi-Lift pump and 5-horsepower electric motor; static water level

reported 100 feet below land surface when drilled; yield, 22 gallons a minute;

temperature, 66° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average 10,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 10,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 100. 

Treatment: None.

863013 50 5
60 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis 

[Collected Jan. 28,1946. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02)__ ................

Bicarbonate (HCCh). ____

Parts 

per 

million

10

.05

58

33

3

3

280

Equivalents per 

million

2.89

2.71

.13

.008

4.59

Sulfate (SO*). . ...............

Fluoride (F). ........ ........

Nitrate (NOs) .............

Parts 

per 

million

38

1.8

0

301

280

Equivalents per 

million

0.79

.34

.09

0

KYLE

Population in 1940: 874.

Source of information: J. D. Scott, water superintendent, Nov. 2, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well on extension of Goforth Street approximately 640 feet 

east of property line of U. S. Highway 81; drilled in 1939; depth, 595 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 15-horsepower electric motor; 

static water level reported 130 feet below land surface in January 1939; yield, 

75 gallons a minute with pumping level at 300 feet.

Pumpage (master meter): Minimum, 30,000 gallons; maximum, 60,000 gallons a 

day.

Storage: Elevated steel tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 208.

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected November 2,1945. pH is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs). _________________

Iron (Fe)-.. .-_.____

Sodium (Na)_ ___ . ........

Bicarbonate (HCO3). ...-.--

Parts 

per 

million

17

1.1

80

45

35

17

278

Equivalents per 

million

3.99

3.70

1.51

.43

4.56

Sulfate (SOt). ................

Chloride (CD-- _____.........

Fluoride (F)-__.. ............

Nitrate (NOs) . ...

Parts 

per 

million

172

46

3.6

.2

591

384

Equivalents per 

million

3.58

1.30

.19

.00

Driller's log, well 1

Thickness 

(feet)

5

13

4

160

32

Depth 

(feet)

5

18

182

Thickness 

(feet)

44

52

30

255

Depth 

(feet;

258

310

340

595
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 61

SAN MARCOS

Population in 1940: 6,006.

Source of information: W. N. Joiner, water superintendent.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Drilled in 1914 by Walter Payne; depth, 115 feet; diameter, 8 inches 

(in 1941, well was lined with 6}£-inch casing); four horizontal centrifugal 

pumps in 9-foot cistern; capacity of pumps was 1,000, 750, 700, and 400 

gallons a minute; total capacity of pumps was 2,900 gallons a minute. 

Both wells 1 and 2 are connected to this series of pumps. About 1,000 

gallons a minute is obtained from well 1, with a draw-down of about 3 

feet; static water level near the surface of the pump-house floor. 

Well 2. Drilled in 1941 by J. R. Johnson; depth, 115 feet; diamter, 12 inches; 

connected in conjunction with well 1 to horizontal centrifugal pumps.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

1943 1944

600, 000

640, 000

680, 000

720,000

760, 000

800, 000

July ...................

December _________

1943

350, 000

400, 000

450, 000

490,000

520, 000

560, 000

1944

920,000

Storage: Concrete reservoir on hill 200 feet above pumping station, 365,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,500. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis of wells 1 and 2 

[Collected November 11,1945. pH is 7.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiO2) ----- -

Potassium (K) .. ..... 

Parts 

per 

million

12

.05

88

18

7.4

5.8

314

Equivalents per 

million

4.39

1.48

.32

.15

5.15

Chloride (Cl). --..... .....

Fluoride(F)-. . _ ..........

Nitrate (NOs)-.-. _ - _ . ....

Total hardness as CaCOs- __

Parts 

per 

million

23

22

.4

4.3

337

294

Equivalents per 

million

0.48

.62

.02

.07

Driller's log, well 2

Thickness 

(feet)

16

20

18

3

Depth 

(feet)

16

36

54

57

Thickness 

(feet)

33

6

19

Depth 

(feet)

on

96

115
62 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

HIDALGO COUNTY

ALAMO

Population in 1940: 1944.

Source of information: T. D. Jones, water superintendent, Aug. 6, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande, pumping station 1% blocks south of the post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

Aprjl..... .................................

May......................................

June - - - - - -

1941

73, 000 

55, 000 

53, 000 

52, 000 

37, 000 

36, 000 

48, 000 

53,000 

48, 000 

52, 000 

55, 000 

50, 000

1942

60, 000 

70, 000 

82,000 

86, 000 

67, 000 

79, 000 

50, 000 

57,000 

63, 000 

65,000 

73, 000 

73, 000

1943

69, 000 

90, 000 

92, 000 

70, 000 

76, 000 

64, 000 

89, 000 

74, 000 

46, 000 

52,000 

60, 000 

53, 000

1944

71, 000 

91, 000 

94, 000 

98,000 

80, 000 

72, 000 

81,000 

82.000 

57,000 

83,000 

93, 000 

104, 000

1945

97, 000 

101, 000 

152, 000 

119, 000 

120, 000 

116, 000 

123, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; concrete ground storage, 100,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 450.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 6, 1945. pH Is 7.4 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOs) 

Sulfate (SOi) 

Chloride (CI)... 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

16 

.09 

84 

16 

89 

6.5 

150 

192 

106 

.6 

3.2 

602 

276

Equivalents 

per million

4.19 

1.56 

3.85 

.17 

2.46 

4.00 

2.99 

.03 

.05

Raw water

Parts per 

million

88 

19

} »162 

193 

107

3.0 

648 

298

Equivalents 

per million

' 4.39 

1.32

3.80

2.66 

4.02 

3.02

.05

DONNA

Population in 1940: 4,712.

Source of information: E. L. Badeaux, water superintendent, Aug. 6, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping station three blocks from post office.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 850,000 gallons a day; minimum, 350,000

gallons a day; average, 650,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 120,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 100,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 851. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 63

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.6 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica(SiO2)- -- -- - -- 

Potassium (K) _____ ______________

Sulfate (SOO -

Chloride(Cl).... ,- .... ....

Nitrate (NO3)- --------------------------------

Finished water

Parts per 

million

12 

.19 

78 

19 

105 

8.0 

125 

209 

131 

2.0 

.8 

676 

272

Equivalents 

per million

3.89 

1.56 

4.56 

.20 

2.05 

4.35 

3.69 

.11 

.01

Raw water

Parts per 

million

78 

20

J 115

149 

212 

130

.8 

678 

276

Equivalents 

per million

3.89 

1.64

5.01

2.45 

4.41 

3.67

.01

ED COUCH

Population in 1940: 1,758.

Source of information: C. C. Moore, city secretary, Aug. 3, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping plant three blocks west and three blocks

south of post office.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 125,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 285. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 3,1945. pH is 7.5 for finished water. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Sulfate (SOO-- __ ------------ _ . . . 

Chloride (Cl).... --_ -. .

Fluoride(F)..... 

Nitrate (NO8) 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

8.0 

.54 

94 

17 

96 

7.4 

94 

262 

118 

2.0 

.8 

700 

304

E quivalents 

per million

4.69 

1.40 

4.16 

.19 

1.54 

5.45 

3.33 

.11 

.01

Eaw water

Parts per 

million

89 

16

} 107 

105 

256 

119

.4

Equivalents 

per million

4.44 

1.32

4.66

1.72 

5.33 

3.36

.01

EDINBURG

Population in 1940: 8,718.

Source of information: T. J. Blane, chief operator, August 3, 1945. 

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: Rio Grande, plant two blocks souths and four blocks east of 

the courthouse.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

March.. ..... __ .... _ _ _

April.......... .................

July............................

1939

402, 000

436, 000

544, 000

423, 000

411, 000

451, 000

412, 000

374, 000

346, 000

376, 000

400, 000

1940

429, 000

539, 000

445, 000

436, 000

433 000

470 nnft

con nnn

386, 000

007 nnn

351, 000

1941

421, 000

429, 000

423,000

402, 000

328, 000

352, 000 QK7 nnn

329, 000 070 nnn

347, 000

1942

411, 000

436, 000

555, 000

542, 000

493, 000

542, 000

342, 000

410, 000

408, 000

410, 000

1943

428, 000

594, 000

565, 000

542, 000

586, 000

705, 000

841, 000

829, 000

456, 000

432, 000

468 000

491, 000

1944

582, 000

731, 000

721,000

725, 000

723, 000

647, 000

709, 000

737, 000

487, 000

646, 000

664,000

652, 000

1945

703, 000

691, 000

829, 000

674, 000

840, 000

968,000

969, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 70,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 140,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,719.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filteration, and 

chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 3, 1945. pH is 7.4 for finished water. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiO2 . .. . ...... ....... ............

Iron(Fe)--.. _______________ _ ..

Calcium (Ca) -.---.. -.-.. ......... ............

Sodium (Na) . __ ........ __ ..

Potassium (K)_. ____________________

Bicarbonate (HCOa). . ___ . __ _._ __.-_ 

Sulfate (SOO ... ... ... ...

Chloride (Cl). .........................

Fluoride (F) _______ _ .............................

Nitrate (NOs)~. 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

15 

.11 

85 

16 

88 

7.4 

149 

193 

108 

.4 

1.8 

615 

278

E quivalents 

per million

4.24 

1.32 

3.81 

.19 

2.44 

4.02 

3.05 

.02 

.03

Eaw water

Parts per 

million

83 

17

| 92

161 

186 

106

1.2 

574 

277

Equivalents 

per million

4.14 

1.40

3.98

2.64 

3.87 

2.99

.02

ELSA

Population in 1940: 1,006.

Source of information: Warren Turberville, city secretary, Aug. 3, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande, through canal; plant is one-half mile west of post

office. 

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 165,000 gallons a day; minimum, 120,000

gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank and open settling tank at ground level, 1,500,000 gallons. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 65

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 3, 1945. pH is 7.3 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Sv31at6(8Ot)..... ..................................

Chloride(Cl)-. 

Nitrate (NOs) 

Raw water

Parts per 

million

90 

19

} 86 

122 

210 

119

4.8 

640 

302

Equivalents 

per million

4.49 

1.56

3.76

2.00 

4.37 

3.36

.08

Finished water

Parts per 

million

12 

.31 

86 

17 

f 92 

\ 8.5 

117 

219 

116 

2.2 

1.2 

659 

284

Equivalents 

per million

4.29 

1.40 

3.98 

.22 

1.92 

4.56 

3.27 

.12 

.02

McAULEN

Population in 1940: 11,822.

Source of information: W. M. Harris, general manager, August 7, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande, pumping plant 14 blocks east and 5 blocks north 

of post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

July . .....................

1939

716, 000

815, 000

972, 000

881, 000

904,000

912, 000

1, 060, 000

1, 028, 000

773, 000

Sfifi Ofifl

899, 000

1940

1, 162, 000

1, 024, 000

958, 000

807,000

896, 000

813, 000

1, 116, 000

801, 000

725, 000

651, 000

671, 000

1941

785, 000

704, 000

670, 000

750, 000

656, 000

716, 000

916, 000

939, 000

698, 000

643, 000

705, 000

1942

829, 000

900,000

1,084,000

1, 060, 000

1, 026, 000

1, 097, 000

719, 000

905,000

803, 000 i flio flnfi

1, 020, 000

1943

960,000

1, 314, 000

1, 192, 000

1, 247, 000

1, 367, 000

1, 458, 000

1, 588, 000

1, 574, 000

989, 000

1, 068, 000

1, 036, 000

1, 214, 000

1944

1, 347, 000

1, 597, 000

1, 461. 000

1, 652, 000

1, 638, 000

1, 465, 000

1, 632, 000

1, 395, 000

891, 000

1, 114, 000

1, 330, 000

1945

708, 000

1, 440, 000

1,808,000

1, 525, 000

1, 855, 000

2, 054, 000

1, 898, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 150,000 gallons; earthen reservoir, 10,000,000 gallons;

concrete ground storage, 210,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 3,000. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and

chlorination.
66 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analyses 

Collected August 7,1945. pH is 7.4 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs) . - .

Iron (Fe)~ . __ ... ____ . _ . ___ .....

Magnesium (Mg). ... ... .....

Sodium (Na)_ ____ _______ _ .

Potassium (K). ___ ________ __ _ __ ..

Bicarbonate (HCCh)- _____________ __

Sulfate(S04) -.-. ..- ...-............

Chloride (Cl)_. .................... ..

Fluoride (F). ........ ___ . _ . _ ........ ...

Nitrate (NO3) ... . ................... ....

Finished water

Parts per 

million

16 

.13 

88 

17 

88 

7.4 

134 

212 

111 

.8 

2.2 

634 

290

Equivalents 

per million

4.39 

1.40 

3.84 

.19 

2.20 

4.41 

3.13 

.04 

.04

Raw water

Parts per 

million

86 

18

} ss

158 

190 

106

2.5 

650 

288

Equivalents 

per million

4.29 

1.48

3.82

2.60 

3.96 

2.99

.04

MERCEDES

Population in 1940: 7,624.

Source of information: E. L. Park, local manager, Aug. 4, 1945,

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: Rio Grande, pumping plant three blocks east of post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

April.. ..............

1943

603,500

520, 766

1944

398, 200

413 400

510, 000

1945

830, 000

774, 000

866,000

797 nnn

764 ' 000

July.. ..-

1943

331, 000

1944

328,000

528,000

413, 000

444,000

643,800

1945

423, 000

Storage: Standpipe, 80,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 180,000; concrete

ground reservoir, 70,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,236. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination,

and postchlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Aug. 4, 1945. pH is 7.6 for finished water. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka and J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs)--.. ...-........ .........

Calcium (Ca). _____ ...........................

Potassium (K) ____ ______ ____ ' __ ..

Sulfate (SOO - . 

Chloride (CI) ......................................

Nitrate(NO8). . 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

13 

.09 

83 

16 

75 

9.3 

119 

190 

103 

1.8 

2.8 

602 

273

Equivalents 

per million

4.14 

1.32 

3.25 

.24 

1.95 

3.96 

2.90 

.09 

.05

Raw water

Parts per 

million

80 

16

} 89

152 

179 

103

2.5 

594 

266

Equivalents 

per million

3.99 

1.32

3.86

2.50 

3.73 

2.90

.04
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

MISSION

67

Population in 1940: 5,982.

Source of information: C. E. Langston, water superintendent, Aug. 7, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping plant is four blocks south and two and 

one-half blocks west of post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

June. ..........................

July....... ........... .... ...

1939

379, 000

417,000

544,000

497, 000

450, 000

435, 000

556, 000

383, 000

410, 000

363, 000

386, 000

1940

382, 000

444,000

430, 000

462, 000

438, 000

499, 000

651, 000

456, 000

333, 000

352, 000

1941

423, 000

346, 000

330, 000

409, 000

353, 000

411, 000

488, 000

584, 000

419, 000

387, 000

412, 000

347, 000

1942

456,000

622, 000

571, 000

493, 000

633, 000

418, 000

556, 000

680, 000

640,000

1943

624, 000

647, 000

769, 000

730, 000

826, 000

898, 000

546,000

486, 000

600, 000

628, 000

1944

920, 000

1, 057, 000

891, 000

886, 000

859, 000

758, 000

785, 000

812, 000

524,000

670, 000

775, 000

805, 000

1945

958, 000

918, 000

1, 100, 000

841, 000

1, 050, 000

1, 059, 000

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons;

earthen settling basin, 7,000,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,355. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination, and postchlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 7,1945. pH is 7.4 for finished water. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOj) 

Bicarbonate (HCOs). 

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride(Cl).. ...

Nitrate (NOj) - ~-

Finished water

Parts per 

million

15 

.22 

76 

15 

102 

6.5 

131 

212 

106 

.8 

2.8 

623 

251

Equivalents 

per million

3.79 

1.23 

4.45 

.17 

2.15 

4.41 

2.99 

.04 

.05

Eaw water

Parts per 

million

84 

18

} 82

150 

183 

104

J 2.5

617 

284

Equivalents 

per million

4.19 

1.48

3.57

2.46 

3.81 

2.93

.04

PHARR

Population in 1940: 4,784.

Source of information: L. M. Flowers, city secretary, Aug. 7, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping plant is three-fourths mile south of post 

office.
68 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS 

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

July.......................................

1941

312,000

340,000

270, 000

250,000

180,000

150,000

180, 000

200,000

160 000

140,000

1942

250,000

280,000

326,000

337,000

368, 000

265,000

140,000

180,000

170,000

160,000

220,000

230,000

1943

240,000

340,000

379,000

338,000

332,000

305,000

350, 000

346,000

191, 000

179, 000

204, 000

234,000

1944

323,000

446,000

438,000

491,000

442,000

347, 000

463,000

375, 000

195, 000

296,000

300, 000

345,000

1945

382,000

443,000

568,000

468,000

479, 000

492,000

389,000

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 100,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,100. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination,

and postchlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Aug. 7,1945. pH is 7.4 for finished water. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka and J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOO 

Iron (Fe) .-.-.---..__-----.-_...,-_--________ .....

Sodium (Na)_._ _____________________

Bicarbonate (HOOs) --------------.--..--..-----..

Sulfate (SOO -

Chloride (Ol). . ..................... .....

Fluoride(F)..... ............................

Nitrade (NOt). ................ .. 

Dissolved solids _________________

Total hardness as OaOOs.. _____________

Finished water

Parts per 

million

15 

.26 

86 

16 

92 

7.2 

139 

203 

113 

.8 

3.0 

631 

280

Equivalents 

per million

4.29 

1.32 

4.00 

.18 

2.28 

4.23 

3.19 

.04 

.05

Raw water

Parts per 

million

93 

19

} 90

174 

199 

108

3.8 

693 

310

Equivalents 

per million

4.64 

1.56

3.91

2.86 

4.14 

3.05

.06

SAN JUAN

Population in 1940: 2,264.

Source of information: Mrs. Viola Hewitt, city clerk, Aug. 6, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; plant is one and one-half blocks south of post office.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 100,000 gallons a day; average, 80,000 gallons 

a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 55,000 gallons; concrete ground storage reservoir, 100,000 

gallons.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination, and postchlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 69

Analyses 

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.7 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Bowley]

Silica (Si02) 

Potassium (K) ...___.. ...___.

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride (Cl)... 

Fluoride (F). ...... ................... .............

Nitrate (NOs) . 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

12

.19 

92 

16 

84 

7.5 

140 

198 

114 

1.8 

3.0 

660 

296

Equivalents 

per million

4.59 

1.32 

3.671 

.19) 

2.29 

4.12 

3.22 

.09 

.05

Raw water

Parts per 

million

92

18

86

178 

185 

108

.5 

664 

304

Equivalents 

per million

4.59 

1.48

3.67

2.92 

3.85 

3.05

.01

WESLACO

Population in 1940: 6,883.

Source of information: V. C. Thompson, city manager, Aug. 6, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; plant is \% miles north of post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

A.fi^....... ............................................

July.... ....

December... .. . - .. .. _ ... _ ..

1942

CQ7 (\f\f\

661, 000

802, 000

765, 000

665, 000

651, 000

450, 000

380, 000

425, 000

430, 000

650, 000

790, 000

1943

835, 000

1, 238, 000

894, 000

835, 000

724,000

818, 000

489,000

760, 000

1944

980, 000

1, 181, 000

1, 110, 000

1, 187, 000

976, 000

696, 000

663, 000

' 605, 000

382, 000

632, 000

798,000

1945

1, 043, 000

1, 017, 000

1, 236, 000

1, 155, 000

1, 057, 000

906, 000

996,000

Storage: Elevated concrete tank, 300,000 gallons; concrete ground storage, 85,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,300.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination, 

and postchlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Aug. 6,1945. pH is 7.6 for finished water. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiO2) 

Bicarbonate (HCOj) 

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride (Cl)....- 

Fluoride(F) _..___ 

Nitrate (N03) -- - -- -

Total hardness as CaCOs _____ _________

Finished water

Parts per 

million

12

.14 

84 

16 

73 

7.7 

119 

186 

104 

1.8 

2.5 

591 

276

Equivalents 

per million

4.19 

1.32 

3.171 

.»/ 

1.95 

3.87 

2.93 

.09 

.04

Raw water

Parts per 

million

78 

17

86

145 

178 

103

2.8 

595 

264

Equivalents 

per million

3.89 

1.40

3.75

2.38 

3.71 

2.90

.05
70 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

JIM HOGG COUNTY

HEBBKONVILLE

Population in 1940: 2,400.

Source of information: W. A. Donnelly, owner, Aug. 8, 1945.

Ownership: Hebbronville Utilities, Inc.

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 1. One block east and four blocks south of post office; drilled in 1936 

by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 1,198 feet; diameter, 8 to 6 inches; deep-well 

turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 169 feet; 

well flowing when drilled; static water level, 35 feet below land surface on 

Aug. 8, 1945; yield, 135 gallons a minute.

Well 2. Six blocks north and five blocks west of post office; drilled in 1939 

by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 992 feet; diameter, 10% to 6% inches; deepwell turbine pump and 15-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 164 

feet; static water level 38.1 feet below land surface on Aug. 8, 1945; yield, 

50 gallons a minute.

Well 3. Six blocks north and five blocks west of post office; drilled in 1944 

by Layne-Texas Co., Ltd., depth, 970 feet; diameter, 12% to 5 inches; 

deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 

240 feet; static water level, 39 feet below land surface on Aug. 8, 1945; 

yield, 200 gallons a minute.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

January, _________ .

April.....................

June _______ . .......

1944

51,422

164, 470

118, 880

96, 053

1945

76,483

118, 777

177, 152

197, 440

119, 845

July. 

1944

119, 738

188, 474

52,436

59, 497

45, 357

78, 916

1945

Treatment: None.

Analysis, well 1 

[Collected Aug. 8,1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (Si02) - ... ... ... ..

Iron (Fe) _ ... .. . __ . ...

Sodium (Na).. . ...........

Bicarbonate (HCOa). ____

Parts 

per 

million

38

.17

18

3.7

342

12

198

Equivalents per 

million

0.90

.30

14.86

.31

3.25

Sulfate (BO^. ................

Chloride (CI)._ .......... .

Nitrate (NO^). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

131

361

.4

12

1,020

60

Equivalents per 

million

2.73

10.18

.02

.19
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Drillers' logs

71

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Welll

Caliche.... ............ _ ..

Hard rock __ .. _ . ________

Clay. __..-_. __ .... __ ...

Sand and gravel _ _____ .

Hard sand and boulders ______

Shale......... _ _____________

1

7

7

31

2

14

2

4

2

25

10

164

14

8

11

3

7

4

8

2

31

10

1

8

15

46

48

62

64

68

70

95

105

269

283

291

302

305

312

316

324

326

357

367

Shale.... . _- _ 

Shale _-. __ _ _ _ _ __

Shale...... _____ _ _ --.__

Shale..-..-.... _ ----_-.- ____

Shale-- _-___-_ ____-_.______

Shale ____ . ________________

Shale . 

04

16

11

20

4

45

25

16

14

8

29

15

123

22

59

51

4

43

14

61

11

146

461

477

488

508

512

557

582

598

612

620

649

664

787

809

868

919

923

966

980

1,041

1,052

1,198

Well 2

Soil.. _____________________

Sand .

Caliche ___ _____ . _____

Sand ______________________

Clay.. _____ . 

Shale............... _ . _____

7

6

7

11

5

22

2

6

5

27

11

8

12

36

6

40

8

5

7

7

15

23

3

52

24

19

5

7

13

5

15

44

14

7

8

18

5

11

31

7

13

20

31

36

58

60

66

71

98

109

117

129

165

171

211

219

224

231

238

253

276

279

331

355

374

379

386

399

404

419

463

477

484

492

510

515

526

557

Sand. _ 

Shale ___ __________ .

Shale 

Shale 

Sand. _ _ - ..........______.

Sand.-.. ____ .-.--...

Shale 

Shale. ____ _ ___ . __ ...

11

17

9

5

10

5

5

\

5

7

7

7

3

57

33

10

10

20

8

15

18

6

3

11

36

21

3

5

12

2

1

3

3

9

3

14

19

21

568

585

594

599

609

614

619

620

625

632

639

646

649

706

739

749

759

779

787

802

820

826

829

840

876

897

900

905

917

919

920

923

926

935

938

952

971

002
72 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Drillers' logs Continued

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet) j

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 3

Soil.. 

Clay.. 

Clay - 

 Clay... 

3

2

12

8

12

15

3

11

5

36

10

12

76

11

14

7

15

54

28

39

10

14

8

14

31

11

5

15

11

52

3

5

17

25

37

52

55

66

71

107

117

129

205

216

230

237

252

306

334

373

383

397

405

419

450

461

466

481

492

544

Shale __ - _ _ 

Sand, -... -

Sand. ________ ... .... ...

Shale- _ . . ..

Shale 

Shale....... ..................

Sand. 

Shale __ . _ _

Shale 

19

8

15

10

8

13

14

10

24

26

40

10

19

19

5

11

14

20

11

8

24

26

12

11

8

6

3

12

17

3

563

571

586

596

604

617

631

641

665

fiQI

731

741

760

779

784

795

809

829

840

848

872

898

910

921

929

935

938

950

967

970

JIM WELLS COUNTY

AUCE

Population in 1940: 7,792.

Source of information: R. W. Manning, water superintendent, May 8, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 5 wells.

Well 1. Center well at waterworks; drilled in 1928 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

drilled to 2,068 feet and plugged back to 992 feet; diameter, 16 to 8 inches; 

screens from 837 to 867 and 945 to 986 feet; submersible turbine pump and 

30-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 55.5 feet below land surface on Feb. 28, 1928, 58.5 feet on Jan. 2, 1934, and 110 feet on May 8, 

1945; yield, 375 gallons a minute; temperature, 86° F.

Well 2. At city waterworks; drilled in 1938 by Frank Whitson; depth, 622 

feet; diameter, 5 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower 

electric motor; static water level reported 149 feet below land surface in 

1945; yield, 110 gallons a minute; temperature, 84}£° F. 

Well 3. Two blocks northeast of city waterworks; drilled in 1940 by A. E. 

Fawcett; depth, 647 feet; diameter, 10 inches; submersible turbine pump 

and electric motor; static water level reported 192 feet below land surface 

in 1945; yield, 325 gallons a minute; temperature, 82}£0 F.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 73

Well 4. At city waterworks; drilled in 1944 by Carl Vickers; depth, 550 

feet; diameter, 10 inches, 42 feet of screen at bottom; deep-well turbine 

pump and 30-horsepower electric motor; static water level reported 152 

feet below land surface in 1945; yield, 167 gallons a minute; temperature, 

81° F.

Well 5. On 5th St. between Texas Ave. and South Woodlawn Dr.; drilled 

in 1945 by Layne-Texas Co., Ltd.; depth, 900 feet; diameter, 16 to 8 

inches; static water level reported 150 feet below land surface in 1945; 

yield, 430 gallons a minute with draw-down of 250 feet after 15 days pumping during test; well not in use. 

Pumpage: Maximum, 1,100,000 gallons a day; minimum, 800,000 gallons a day;

average, 1,000,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated concrete tank, 85,000 gallons; 4 concrete ground reservoirs,

combined capacity, 980,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 2,065. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected: wells 1, 2, 3, 4, March 5,1945; well 5, September 27, 1945. pH; well 1, 7.2; wells 2,3, 4, 7.4; 

and well 5, 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (Si02)._ ............................

Iron (Fe)__ _ . _____________ ...

Bicarbonate (HC03). ............ ......

Chloride (Cl). ....... 

Fluoride (F) ___ . ____________

Nitrate (NOs) 

Welll

Parts 

per 

million

29 

.02

23 

8.8 

333 

11 

345 

196 

237 

1 

11 

1,020 

94

Silica(SiOs) 

Chloride(Cl).. 

Dissolved solids

Equivalents per 

million

1.15 

.72 

14.49 

.28 

5.65 

4.08 

6.68 

.05 

.IS

Well 2

Parts 

per 

million

22 

.03

20 

8.1 

290 

9.9 

353 

117 

214 

.9 

12 

876 

84

Equivalents per 

million

1.00 

.67 

12.59 

.25 

5.79 

2.44 

6.04 

.05 

.19

Well 4

Parts per 

million

25 

.05 

42 

22 

313 

11 

362 

115 

325 

2.1 

12 

1,050 

196

Equivalents 

per million

2.10 

1.81 

13.60 

.28 

5.93 

2.39 

9.17 

.11 

.19

WellS

Parts 

per 

million

18 

.05

43 

23 

398 

12 

315 

165 

448 

.9 

22 

1,200 

202

Equivalents per 

million

2.15 

1.89 

17.29 

.31 

5.16 

3.44 

12.64 

.05 

.35

Well 5

Parts per 

million

18 

.04 

30 

17 

317 

10 

358 

128 

289 

1.2 

12 

999 

145

Equivalents 

per million

1.50 

1.40 

13.77 

.26 

5.87 

2.66 

8.15 

.06 

.19
74 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log, well 1

Soil.... ... ...

Clay-.. ... ... .... 

Rock,-.....-......--........

Clay 

Clay 

Rock..-....-...-...-..-......

Clay.. ..

Thickness 

(feet)

4

6

15

59

6

66

43

194

9

20

73

39

3

15

1

41

27

4

18

14

19

Depth 

(feet)

10

OK

84

90

109

393

QQ4

A(\V

423

496

535

538

554

622

626

645

659

678

Sand 

Sand 

Sand... 

Shale 

Thickness 

(feet)

20

22

92

15

24

88

43

91

59

135

52

46

10

62

111

22

73

14

214

81

23

83

Depth 

(feet)

698

720

812

837

861

949

992

1,083

1,142

 1, 277

1,329

1,375

1,385

1,447

1,558

1,580

1,653

1,667

1,881

1,962

1,985

2,068

ORANGE GROVE

Population in 1940: 906.

Source of information: Richard Riedesel, water superintendent, June 2, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. In Orange Grove; drilled in 1936 by Mr. Jackson; depth, 288 feet; 

diameter, 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 5/^-horsepower electric 

motor; static water level reported, 120 feet below land surface in 1945; 

yield, 75 gallons a minute; temperature, 78J4° F.

Well 2. In Orange Grove; drilled in 1942 by Ed Juergens; depth, 520 feet; 

diameter, 8 inches; 50 feet of screen at bottom; deep-well turbine pump and 

7^-horsepower electric motor; static water level reported, 120 feet below 

land surface in 1945; yield, 100 gallons a minute; temperature, 81/4° F.

Pumpage: Average 75,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 174.

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected June 2, 1945. pH is 7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Sulfate (SO*) . ......... ...................

Chloride (Cl).._ ............. ..................

Fluoride (F). ______________________

Nitrate (NOs) .......

Well!

Parts per 

million

20 

3.2 

70 

27 

297

389 

124 

332 

1.2 

13 

1,080 

286

Equivalents 

per million

3.49 

2.22 

12.93

6.38 

2.58 

9.36 

.06 

.26

Well 2

Parts per 

million

22 

2.0 

40 

17 

259 

9.3 

423 

121 

188 

.6 

8.5 

890 

170

Equivalents 

per million

2.00 

1.40 

11.28 

.24 

6.93 

2.52 

5.30 

.03 

.14
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

PREMONT

75

Population in 1940: 1,080.

Source of information: John W. Duerksen, city secretary, Feb. 8, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Two wells, on city lot at elevated tank in Premont.

Well 1. Drilled in 1939 by Peurifoy and Patterson; depth, 520 feet; diameter,

8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; static water level

78.7 feet below land surface on Jan. 2, 1945; pumping level, 86.75 feet;

yield, 120 gallons a minute.

Well 2. Drilled in 1945; depth, 506 feet; deep-well turbine pump and electric

motor. 

Pumpage: Estimated maximum, 125,000 gallons a day; average, 50,000 gallons

a day.

Storage: Ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons; elevated tank, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 230. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

'[Collected well 1, October 14,1943; well 2, June 1945. pH: well 1,7.5; well 2,7.4. Analyzed by J.H.Rowley

Silica(SiOi) -- - 

Sulfate (SCO 

Chloride (Cl)._ 

Fluoride (F) ._ .

Nitrate (NOa) 

Welll

Parts per 

million

14 

.08 

52 

19 

181 

25 

284 

67 

224 

.5 

17 

764 

208

Equivalents 

per million

2.60 

1.56 

7.87 

.64 

4.66 

1.39 

6.32 

.03 

.27

Well 2

Parts per 

million

41 

.10 

58 

21 

184 

9.0 

289 

69 

222 

1.0 

21 

783 

231

Equivalents 

per million

2.89 

1.73 

7.98 

.23 

4.74 

1.44 

6.26 

.05 

.34

Driller's log, well 1

Thickness 

(feet)

16

234

Depth 

(feet)

16

250 Sand. 

Thickness 

(feet)

160

110

Depth 

(feet)

410

520

KABNES COUNTY

FALLS CITY

Population in 1940: 500.

Source of information: F. P. Moczygemba, owner, Apr. 17, 1945.

Owner: F. P. Moczygemba.

Source of supply: San Antonio River; centrifugal pump and 20-horsepower electric

motor; capacity, 250 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Maximum, 50,000 gallons; minimum, 5,000 gallons a day; water is not

sold for drinking purposes. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 40,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 60. 

Treatment: None.

863013 50 6
76 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis of raw water 

[Collected Apr. 17,1945. pH is 8.1. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) 

Iron (Fe) . 

Bicarbonate (HCOj). ........

Parts 

per 

million

13 

.81

90 

21 

19 

6.6 

270

Equivalents per 

million

4.49 

1.73 

.81 

.17 

4.42

Sulfate (8Ot). ................

Chloride (Cl)......... ........

Fluoride (F)._... .............

Nitrate (NOs) - _

Total hardness as CaCOs _ .

Part 

per 

million

59 

47 

.6 

12 

428 

311

Equivalents per 

million

1.23 

1.33 

.03 

.19

GHJLETT

Population in 1940: 200.

Source of information: J. M. Golson, owner, Apr. 17, 1945,

Owner: J. M. Golson.

Source of supply: Well just east of Modern Garage; drilled in 1927 by J. M. 

McCuller; depth, 165 feet; diameter, 4 inches; cylinder pump and %-horsepower 

electric motor, cylinder set at 80 feet; static water level, .58 feet below land 

surface on Apr. 17, 1945; yield, about 3 gallons a minute.

Pumpage: ]Mo record.

Storage: Elevated tank, 1,500 gallons.

Number of customers: 19.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected Apr. 17, 1945. pH is 7.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj). . .............

Bicarbonate (HCOs)--.----.-

Parts 

per 

million

11

1.2

280

73

440

60

337

Equivalents per 

million

13.98

6.00

5.52

Sulfate (SOi). ................

Chloride (Cl). .-.-..-.-.. .

Fluoride (F). ................

Nitrate (N O8)-. ....... ......

Parts 

per 

million

891

.6

4.0

2,510

999

Equivalents per 

million

18.55

.03

.06

KARNES CITY

Population in 1940: 1,571.

Source of information: Alvin Salge, city clerk, Apr. 17, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At pump station; drilled in 1922; depth, 860 feet; diameter, 12 inches; 

deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 

300 feet; yield, 175 gallons a minute with draw-down of 30 feet; temperature, 

92° F.

Well 2. About 100 feet west of well 1; drilled in 1922; depth, 860 feet; diameter, 10 inches; Hi-Lift pump and 7J4-horsepower electric motor, pump 

set at 300 feet; yield, 60 gallons a minute; static water level reported 185 

feet below land surface on Mar. 31, 1937.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 77

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 60,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 315.

Treatment: Occasional chlorination.

Analysis, Well 1 

[Collected Apr. 17, 1945. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs) 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)- ~ 

Parts 

per 

million

72

.03

6.7

.6

433

21

292

Equivalents per 

million

0.33

.05

18.84

.54

5.49

Sulfate (SO4 ) . . 

Chloride (Cl)________ .........

Nitrate (NO8 )- 

Parts 

per 

million

420

2.2

1.8

1,230

19

Equivalents per 

million

2.27

.12

.03

KENEDY

Population in 1940: 2,891.

Source of information: F. E. Moses, water superintendent, Apr. 18, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 1. About 400 feet west of pump station; drilled in 1926 by Layne-Texas 

Co., depth, 402 feet; diameter, 16 inches; 60 feet of screen at bottom; 

deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor pump set at 

140 feet; static water level reported 38 feet below land surface; yield, 345 

gallons a minute with draw-down of 57 feet after pumping 24 hours on 

Mar. 30, 1937; water level, 89 feet; yield, 277 gallons a minute with drawdown of 40 feet in July 1943; present yield, 275 gallons a minute; temperature, 79° F.

Well 2. At pump station, drilled in 1929 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 419 

feet; diameter, 16 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower 

electric motor, pump set at 140 feet; static water level reported 38 feet below 

land surface on Mar. 30, 1937; yield, 277 gallons a minute in July 1943. 

Well 3. About 400 feet south of pump station; drilled in 1943 by Layne-Texas 

Co., Ltd.; depth, 400 feet, diameter, 13% to 6% inches; underreamed and 

gravel walled; screen from 334 to 396 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 

25-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 170 feet; static water level, 

90 feet below land surface; yield, 375 gallons a minute with draw-down of 

75 feet on July 25, 1943 (wells 1 and 2 pumping when test was made); 

temperature, 79° F.

Pumpage: Maximum, 675,000 gallons; average, 500,000 gallons a day.

Storage: 2 elevated tanks, 100,000 and 50,000 gallons, ground reservoir, 200,000 

gallons.

Number of customers: 644.

Treatment: None.
78 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analyses

[Collected Apr. 18,1945. pH for each well is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Bowley]

Iron (Fe) . ._

Calcium (Ca)...... _____ . ______ .

Sodium (Na)__ _______________

Bicarbonate (HCOa) ___ _._-. _

Sulfate(SO4)- ~ 

Chloride (CD - ..._

Fluoride(F)_. ............................

Nitrate (NOi). ................ ........ ...

Welll

Parts per 

million

47 

.20

101 

15 

364 

34 

381 

108 

505 

1.2 

9.6 

1,370 

314

Equivalents per 

million

5.04 

1.23 

15.81 

.87 

6.25 

2.25 

14.24 

.06 

.15

Well 2

Parts per 

million

48 

.34

92 

12 

401 

35 

400 

156 

495 

1.0 

6.5 

1,440 

279

Equivalents per 

million

4.59 

.99 

17.44 

.90 

6.56 

3.25 

13.96 

.05 

.10

Well 3

Parts per 

million

46 

.18

68 

9.4 

341 

31 

428 

112 

365 

1.0 

5.0 

1,190 

208

Equivalents per 

million

3.39 

.77 

14.82 

.79 

7.02 

2.33 

10.29 

.05 

.08

Drillers1 logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Welll

Soil--.. 

Sand. ______________

Clay.... ...... ......... 

Clay-- 

5

10

20

Af\

20

40

5

15

QK

75

QC

135

Clay-..- 

35

30

15

125

60

2

170

200

215

340

400

402

Well 3

Soil-...... ...... ..... 

Clay.. . . . 

Clay. ....... ............

8

19

39

30

26

8

20

QQ

78

108

134

68

17

127

51

3

202

219

346

397

400

RUNGE

Population in 1940: 1,001.

Source of information: V. D. Goehring, manager, Apr. 18, 1945.

Owner: Central Power & Light Co.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At pump station; drilled in 1914 by city of Runge; depth, 156 feet; 

cylinder pump and 15-horsepower electric motor; static water level reported 

96 feet below land surface on March 16, 1945; yield, 100 gallons a minute; 

stand-by well.

Well 2. At elevated tank; driUcd in 1935 by Layne-Texas Co., depth, 212 

feet; diameter, 10 inches; screen from 156 to 190 feet; deep-well turbine 

pump and 10-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 169 feet; static water 

level reported 95-feet below land surface on Mar. 31, 1935; yield, 132 

gallons a minute with draw-down of 26 feet after 14 hours' pumping on 

Aug. 18, 1935; water level, 97, feet; yield, 150 gallons a minute on 

Mar. 16, 1945.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 79

Pumpage: Average, 26,500 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 49,400 gallons.

Number of customers: 232.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis, well 2

[Collected Apr. 18,1945. pH is 7.1. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) 

Iron (Fe)~ 

Bicarbonate (HCO3)- 

Parts 

per 

million

20

.19

130

36

98

27

282

Equivalents per 

million

6.49

2.96

4 97

.69

4.62

Sulfate (SO4) _ -

Chloride (Cl)____ ........ -

Flouride (F).._ 

Nitrate (NO»). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

36

315

1.0

6.7

962

472

Equivalents per 

million

0.75

8.88

.05

.11

Driller's log, wdl 2

Soil ..... .... ..... ...... ...

Rock-- - ... ...

Thickness 

(feet)

4

62

1

90

20

Depth 

(feet)

4

66

67

Ofi

116

Clay. 

Clay. ..... 

Thickness 

(feet)

20

18

34

24

Depth 

(feet)

136

154

188

212

KENDALL COUNTY 

BOURNE

Population in 1940: 1,271.

Source of information: A. C. Richter, manager of utilities, Nov. 2, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Drilled about 1929; depth, 40 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well

turbine pump and 15-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 31

feet below land surface; yield, 178 gallons a minute. 

Well 2. About 10 feet from well 1; drilled in 1945 by Lewis Berkman;

depth, 40 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 20-

horsepower electric motor; yield, 210 gallons a minute.

Pumpage: Summer average 195,000 gallons; winter average 98,000 gallons. 

Storage: "Elevated tank. 

Number of customers: 428. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis, well 1

[Collected Nov. 2,1945. pH is 6.8. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka and J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) .... ..... .... -

Iron (Fe>__---_- ............

Calcium (Ca)-_ _______

Sodium (Na) . .............

Bicarbonate (HCO») -.... .

Parts 

per 

million

.04

104

18

8.3

2.6

^nn

Equivalents per 

million

5.19

1 4SJ

.36

.07

4 92

Chloride (Cl).................

Nitrate (NO3) .

Parts 

per 

million

69

20

.4

10

415

Equivalents per 

million

1.44

.56

.02

.16
80 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

KINNEY COUNTY 

BRACKETTVILLE

Population in 1940: 2,653.

Source of information: O. F. Seargeant, water superintendent, Nov. 2, 1945.

Ownership: U. S. Government and Municipal.

Source of supply: Los Moras Spring at Fort Clark, two blocks south of the city

hall. 

Pumpage (estimated): 25,000 gallons a day in summer; 13,000 gallons a day in

winter.

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 650. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis

[Collected Nov. 2,1945. pH is 7.4. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka and J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) ------- . .

Iron (Fe). ..............

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ---------

Parts 

per 

million

11

.08

66

6.8

20

4.2

255

Equivalents per 

million

3.29

.56

.86

4.18

Sulfate (SOi). ................

Chloride (Ol).... . . ..

Fluoride (F)...... ............

Nitrate (NOs) -- -

Parts 

per 

million

6.7

14

.6

4.8

262

192

Equivalents per 

million

0.14

.39

.03

.08

KLEBERG COUNTY 

KINQSVILLE

Population in 1940: 7,782.

Source of information: P. H. Barnhill, June 6, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 4 wells.

Well 2. Drilled in 1935 by the Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 730 feet; diameter, 

12 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 30-hoisepower electric motor; yield 

on test, 634 gallons a minute June 20, 1935, and 499 gallons a minute on 

April 13, 1945; temperature, 85° F.

Well 3. Drilled in 1939 by A. H. Masarian; depth, 725 feet; diameter, 8 

inches; deep-well turbine pump and 15-horsepower electric motor; yield, 

148 gallons a minute on April 13, 1945.

Well 4. Drilled in 1939 by Otto Caster; depth, 725 feet; diameter, 8 inches; 

deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor; yield, 260 

gallons a minute on April 13, 1945.

Well 5. Drilled in 1943 by the Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 737 feet, diameter, 

16 to 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 50-horsepower electric motor; 

static water level, 105 feet below pump base, June 30, 1943; yield, 850 

gallons a minute with a pumping level of 148 feet on June 30, 1943, and 

774 gallons a minute on April 13, 1945; temperature, 85° F.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 81

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

July .................. 

1940

615, 000

707, 000

809, 000

961,000

965,000

756, 000

1, 173, 000

1, 432, 000

904,000

792, 000

629, 000

563, 000

1941

659,000

620,000

603,000

771,000

660,000

632,000

925,000

1, 110, 000

1, 035, 000

768,000

881,000

1, 112, 000

1942

649,000

705, 000

869,000

1, 266, 000

1, 451, 000

1, 649, 000

1, 240, 000

1, 503, 000

1, 106, 000

1, 129, 000

1, 318, 000

1, 125, 000

1943

966,000

1, 080, 000

1, 241, 000

1, 778, 000

2, 046, 000

1,604,000

1, 973, 000

1, 849, 000

1, 324, 000

1, 329, 000

945, 000

653,000

1944

730, 000

627,000

865, 000

1, 276, 000

1, 465, 000

1, 347, 000

1, 466, 000

1, 867, 000

1, 242, 000

1, 481, 000

1, 373, 000

1, 241, 000

Storage: Ground storage reservoir and elevated tank. 

Number of customers: 2,995. 

Treatment: Periodic chlorination.

Analyses

[Collected: Wells 2 and 5, Mar. 16,1945: wells 3 and 4, Feb. 5, 1943. pH: well 2, 8.0; well 3, 8.3; well 4, 8.2; 

well 5, 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) - 

Sodium (Na)_ .. ___ . ___ ............. .......

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride (CI)_ . 

Nitrate (NOs) 

Silica (SiOi) 

Sulfate (SOO ..

Chloride (Cl).... 

Fluoride(F). ......... ........ ... ._ 

Nitrate (NO3)~~ 

Well 2

Parts per 

million

14 

.02 

22 

8.6 

305 

14 

307 

162 

242 

.9 

9.0 

956 

90

Equivalents 

per million

1.10 

.71 

13.27 

.36 

5.04 

3.37 

6.83 

.05 

.15

WellS

18 

.08 

33 

11

} 358

267 

270 

278 

.2 

16 

1,114 

128

1.65 

.90

15.56

4.38 

5.62 

7.84 

.01 

.26

Well 5

Parts per 

million

17 

.03 

21 

7.5 

308 

12 

315 

162 

235 

.5 

9.2 

951 

84

Equivalents 

per million

1.05 

.62 

13.37 

.31 

5.17 

3.37 

6.63 

.03 

.15

Well 4

11

.02 

24 

9.6

317

304 

163 

255 

.4 

12 

959 

100

1.20 

.79

13.78

4.98 

3.39 

7.19 

.02 

.19
82 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log, well 5

Top soil- --

White clay

White elav__ ......... . ..

Soft shale

Thickness 

(feet)

6

26

4

50

53

20

34

39

15

7

Depth 

(feet)

32

36

86

136

159

232

247

254

Shale - ....

Sand 

Sand 

Shale - - ___

Thickness 

(feet)

32

16

12

82

38

23

10

7

108

155

Depth 

(feet)

286

302

314

366

434

457

467

474

582

737

LA SALLE COUNTY 

COTULLA

Population in 1940: 3,633.

Source of information: John Wildenthal, water superintendent, May 11, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At elevated tank; drilled in 1916 by F. M. Burkett; depth, 2,300 

feet; diameter, 6 inches; screen from 2,188 to 2,300 feet; reported natural 

flow, 240 gallons a minute; centrifugal pump; yield about 400 gallons a 

minute; temperature, 104° F.

Well 2. Located about 1 mile northwest of well 1; drilled in 1940 to a 

depth of 6,366 feet and plugged back to 2,483 feet; diameter, 10% inches; 

cemented from 2,483 to surface, gun perforated from 2,100 to 2,483 feet; 

natural flow, 165 gallons a minute 3 feet above land surface on Oct. 22, 

1942; reported yield, with test pump, 516 gallons a minute with drawdown of 98 feet below land surface (total draw-down about 150 feet); 

temperature, 107° F. 

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 400,000 gallons; minimum, 150,000 gallons;

average, about 250,000 to 300,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons, concrete ground reservoir, 125,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 566. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected: well 1, September 15,1642; well 2, Oct. 21,1642. pH: well 1,8.4; well 2,8.3. 

Analyzed by: W. W. Hastings]

Silica (SiO2).. ...... 

Iron (Fe) ...... - _-.. ........... . . _-___

Calcium (Oa)

Magnesium (Mg) ___ _ ..... . _ ...

Sodium (Na)-_ __ . ____ _-_-_ _ _. __ _--_..

Potassium (K) .. -__-_.

Bicarbonate (HCOs).------- ___________ . ........

Sulfate (SO4)

Chloride (01) - 

Fluoride(F)_ ____ _ . . __ . . .. ..

Nitrate (NOs) 

Welll

Parts per 

million

26 ' 

.02 

2.2 

1.1 

J 214

341 

76 

81 

.1 

0 

571 

10

Equivalents 

per million

6.11 

.06

6.32

5.56 

1.64 

2.28 

.01 

0

Well 2

Parts per 

million

16 

.04 

2.3 

1.6

230

380 

84 

78 

.7 

0 

614 

12

Equivalents 

per million

6.11 

.13

6.98

6.23 

1.75 

2.20 

.04 

0
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Drillers' logs

83

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Welll

Coal . .............

20

41

55

12

20

57

24

36

35

43

14

22

28

13

172

9

30

2

23

27

6

6

16

1Q

27

5

86

1

25

20

29

8

20 61

116

128

148

205

220

244

280

315

330

373

387

437

466

638

647

686

711

720

747

753

759

775

788

815

820

824

914

915

940

953

973

10C2

1010

41

55

65

13

22

4

16

43

13

19

126

35

26

10

11

19

7

27

13

28

17

40

89

35

100

6

45

19

13

6

39

51

40

11

26

11

22

12

100

1,051

1,106

1,171

1,184

1,206

1,210

1,226

1,269

1,282

1,301

1,427

1,462

1,488

1,498

1,509

1,538

1,545

1,572

1,585

1,613

1,630

1,670

1,759

1,794

1,894

1,900

1,945

1,950

1,969

1,982

1,988

2,027

2,078

2,118

2,129

2,155

2,166

2,188

2,200

2,300

Well 2

Soft sand __ ______ . ....

Shale . - 

16

98

19

192

240

36

7

56

3

23

8

8

48

31

24

86

11

56

22

66

16

114

133

325

565

601

608

664

667

690

698

706

754

785

809

695

906

962

984

1,050

Medium hard sand ... __ ...

Shale with hard sand streaksShale with some sand _ . ..

Sticky shale with streaks of

Hard sand lime streaks _ ...

Shale with hard sand streaksSoft sand. _________ ...

Hard sand ____ ____ ...

Shale 

Hard sand ___ _ .. .....

Soft sand ____________

Shale.... __ -

44

194

20

50

68

492

44

29

35

79

105

60

15

60

70

57

58

650

30

2

280

1,094

1,288

1,308

1,358

1,426

1,918

1,962

1,991

2,026

2,105

2,210

2,270

2,285

2,345

2,415

2,472

2,530

3,180

3,210

3,212

3,492
84 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

FOWLERTON

Population in 1940: 600.

Source of information: O. W. Herman, storekeeper, May 11, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well in northwest part of town; drilled in 1912 by Fowlerton

Bros.; depth about 1,700 feet; diameter, 8 inches; natural flow into mains;

quantity, pressure, and temperature unknown. 

Pumpage: No record. 

Storage: None; flows directly into main. 

Number of customers: 50. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected May 11,1945. pH is 8.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) -- - 

Iron (Fe)- .

Calcium (Ca)-_- ___ . ......

Sodium (Na).- .. .......

Bicarbonate (HCOa)-. .... 

Parts 

per 

million

37

.63

3.1

933

13

1,530

Equivalents per 

million

0.15

.06

40.58

.33

24.97

Sulfate (SOO '- -

Chloride (01)..... ............

Fluoride (F)._ ................

Nitrate (NOa). ... ..... . 

Parts 

per 

million

192

422

4.4

1.0

2,360

10

Equivalents per 

million

4.00

11.90

.23

.02

LIVE OAK COUNTY 

GEORGE WEST

Population in 1940: 1,250.

Source of information: Walter E. Lamm, co-owner, Apr. 19, 1945.

Owner: George West Utilities Co.

Source of supply: Well at ice plant; drilled in 1914; depth, 500 feet; diameter, 10 

inches; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; static water 

level, 38.4 feet below land surface in August 1934; yield, 235 gallons a minute 

with draw-down of 45 feet after several hours pumping; temperature, 81° F.

Pumpage: Maximum, 100,000 gallons; average, 60,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 55,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 150.

Treatment: None.

[Collected Apr. 19,1945. pH is 7.4. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs). ..............

Iron(Fe). _ ... . _ . .....

Calcium (Ca).... ............

Sodium (Na) .

Potassium (K)...._ ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ---------

Parts 

per 

million

OA

.56

74

20

300

55

343

Equivalents per 

million

3.69

1.64

13.06

1.41

5.62

Sulfate (SOO . ... .... 

Chloride (Cl)..... ............

Nitrate (NOs). ...... . -

Parts 

per 

million

316

267

1.4

0

1,230

266

Equivalents per 

million

6.58

7.53

.07

.00
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 85

THREE RIVERS

Population in 1940: 1,337.

Source of information: Bryan Boyd, city secretary, Apr. 19, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Frio River (part of supply is obtained from two dug wells on

river bank).

Pumpage: Maximum, 150,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 550,000

.gallons.

Number of customers: 350. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Apr. 19,1945. pH: dug well, 7.0; Frio River, 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) - __ _.. __ ... .

Iron (re) 

Calcium (Ca) -_ __ -. _ _ __.___

Sodium (Na)._. ... _

Potassium (K) _____________________

Bicarbonate (HCOa) _____ . _ . . . ,

Sulfate (SOO - --- --.-_ .-_-_-_._....

Chloride (Cl) ....................................

Fluoride (F)- ---- - . . . .

Nitrate(NOs) .

Dug well

Parts per 

miilion

51 

.14 

226 

17 

106 

33 

481 

130 

266 

.2 

3.0 

1,070 

634

Equivalents 

per million

11.28 

1.40 

4.63 

.84 

7.88 

2.71 

7.50 

.01 

.05

Frio River (raw water)

Parts per 

million

14 

.48 

69 

11

} 88

227 

66 

108 

.2 

1.8 

481 

217

Equivalents 

per million

3.44 

.90 

3.84

3.72 

1.37 

3.05 

.01 

.03

MAVERICK COUNTY 

EAGLE PASS

Population in 1940: 6,459.

Source of information: J. A. Slaughter, local manager, May 10, 1945.

Owner: Central Power and Light Co.

Source of supply: Rio Grande through 5 dug wells in river bed.

Pumpage: Maximum, 1,300,000 gallons; minimum, 600,000 gallons; average,

800,000 to 900,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 20,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 500,000

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,352. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analysis of composite sample from five wells 

[Collected May 10,1945. pH is 7.3. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (8iOt). .................

Iron (Fe) ___________

Calcium (Ca) 

Parts 

per 

million

18

.71

116

32

174

11

219

Equivalents per 

million

5.79

2.63

7.56

.28

3.59

Sulfate (8Ot).... .............

Chloride (Cl) ............

Fluoride (F)..................

Nitrate (NOa) --------

Parts 

per 

million

272

245

1.2

2.2

980

421

Equivalents per 

million

5.66

6.91

.06

.04
86 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

MEDINA COUNTY

D43V1NE

Population in 1940: 1,398.

Source of information: R. L. Connely, water superintendent, Feb. 19, 1946.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Located 3 blocks north and 2 blocks east of post office; drilled 

about 1938; depth, 350 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 10-horsepower 

electric motor, pump set at 190 feet; yield, 125 gallons a minute. 

Well 2. Drilled about 1928; depth, 250 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 

10-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 190 feet; yield, 125 gallons a 

minute. 

Pumpage: Maximum, 100,000 gallons; minimum, 50,000 gallons; average, 70,000*

gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 325. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected Feb. 19, 1946. pH: well 1, 7.6; well 2, 7.7. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulkal

Iron (Fe)- _ __

Sodium (Na)__ _____________________

Potassium (K)_ __ . ___ ______________

Bicarbonate (HO O3) ---.,-- _ ---------- ----- ..

Sulfate (SO4) ---------..---.-- _ -.__. - _ ------

Chloride (Cl)_. .............. . ...

Fluoride(F). __________ _ .. .

Nitrate (NO8)..... .................................

Welll

Parts per 

million

11 

.83 

70 

16 

111 

15 

388 

76 

71 

.6 

2.5 

564 

240

Equivalents 

per million

3.49 

1.32 

4.82 

.38 

6.36 

1.58 

2.00 

.03 

.04

Well 2

Parts per 

million

13

2.5 

63 

15 

98 

10 

346 

77 

56 

.6 

.0 

503 

218

Equivalents 

per million

3.14 

1.23 

4.25 

.26 

5.67 

1.60 

1.58 

.03 

.00

HONDO

Population in 1940: 2,500.

Source of information: Homer Wilson, water superintendent, Nov. 2, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At elevated tank, drilled in 1900; depth, 1,450 feet; diameter, 8 to 6 

inches; cased to 1,400 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower 

electric motor; static water level, 165 feet below land surface; yield, 400 

gallons a minute with draw-down of 75 feet.

Well 2. About 50 feet from well 1; drilled in 1910; depth, 1,460 feet; 

diameter, 10 to 6 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower 

electric motor; yield, 500 gallons a minute with draw-down of 55 feet.

Pumpage: Summer peak, 1,080,000; winter average, 360,000 gallons.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Treatment: None.

Number of customers: 800.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 87

Analyses 

[Collected Nov. 2,1945. pH: Well 1, 7.0; well 2, 7.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOj) . 

Iron (Fe) 

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride (Cl)_ __ _ _

Fluoride(F) _-_- ... _ Kitrate(NO3)-- .

Welll

Parts per 

million

14 

.08 

66 

16 

4.8 

3.4 

244 

16 

18 

.2 

3.8 

263 

230

Equivalents 

per million

3.29 

1.32 

.21 

.09 

4.00 

.33 

.51 

.01 

.06

Well 2

Parts per 

million

13 

.05 

64 

16 

7.1 

4.4 

255 

14 

14 

.2 

3.5 

262 

226

Equivalents 

per million

3.19 

1.32 

.31 

.11 

4.18 

.29 

.39 

.01 

.06

NUECES COUNTY 

AGUA DTILCE

Population in 1940: 750.

Source of information: Frank Whitson, well driller, July 18, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled in 1940 by Frank Whitson; 

depth, 596 feet; diameter, 8 to 4 inches; 40 feet of 4-inch screen; deep-well 

turbine pump and electric motor; static water level reported 80 feet below 

land surface; yield, 30 gallons a minute.

Pumpage (estimated): Summer, 35,000 gallons a day; winter, 30,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 110.

Treatment: Aeration, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination.

Analysis 

[Collected July 18,1945. pH is 8.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs) .

Sodium (Na)_ . ...

Bicarbonate (H C Os) _ ___

Parts 

per 

million

8.0

.02

28

12

511

24

298

Equivalents per 

million

1.40

.99

22.20

.61

4.89

Sulfate (SOO- --------

Chloride (Cl). ...

Nitrate (NO8) .

Parts 

per 

million

231

.4

24

1,520

150

Equivalents per 

million

4.81

.02

.39

Driller's log

Shale _____ ---.. ...........

Sand- ----------------------

Shale

Thickness 

(feet)

312

15

30

18

45

Depth

(feet)

312

327

357

375

420

Sand

Shale. __ - ______ - ......

Thickness 

(feet)

25

30

65

18

38

Depth 

(feet)

445

540

558

596
88 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

BISHOP

Population in 1940: 1,329.

Source of information: W. L. Johnson, city secretary, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells at elevated tank in Bishop.

Well 1. Drilled about 1910; depth about 760 feet; diameter, 6 inches; pumped

by air; yield, 75 gallons a minute.

Well 2. About 300 feet from well 1; drilled in 1939 by Layne-Texas Co.; 

depth, 782 feet; diameter, 8% to 5% inches; screen from 715 to 781 feet; 

deep-well turbine pump driven by 5-horsepower electric motor, pump 

lowered from 90 to 130 feet in 1941; static water level, 28 feet below land 

surface on June 30, 1939, and 36 feet below land surface in 1941; yield, 

42 gallons a minute with draw-down of 38 feet on June 30, 1939; present 

yield, 100 gallons a minute.

Pumpage: Summer, 125,000 gallons a day; winter, 72,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 65,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 355. 

Treatment: Hypochlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected July 1945. pH: Well 1, 8.0; well 2, 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Eowley]

Bicarbonate (HCOs) . ________ _______

Sulfate (SCh) - - -

Chloride (01)-.-. . ..............................

Fluoride(F)__ ........-................. .... __ -

Nitrate(NO3 ) . . 

Welll

Parts per 

million

10 

.03 

19 

6.8 

358 

17 

311 

192 

290 

1.0 

11 

1,060 

76

Equivalents 

per million

0.95 

.56 

15.58 

.43 

5.11 

4.00 

8.18 

.05 

.18

Well 2

Parts per 

million

8.5 

.03 

18 

6.2

} 368

313 

188 

288 

.8 

11 

1,040 

70

Equivalents 

per million

0.90 

.51

15.98

5.14 

3.91 

8.12 

.04 

.18

Driller's log well

Sand and mucfc

Clay...... ....... .........

Sand 

Clay.. .....................

Clay 

Clay......... ................

Clay 

Thickness 

(feet)

12

4

9

10

288

9

92

33

30

35

4

Depth 

(feet)

12

16

25

35

323

332

424

457

487

499

534

538

Sand. ...................... ..

Clay.........................

Clay...........-. ........

Shale 

Shale 

Thickness 

(feet)

3

11

' 28

14

10

22

22

22

21

22

45

22

Depth 

(feet)

141

552

580

594

604

626

648

670

691

713

758

780

CORPUS CHRISTI

Population in 1940: 57,301.

Source of information: John Cunningham, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 89

Source of supply: Storage reservoir on Nueces River near Mathis; original capacity, 

66,000 acre-feet. Water fed to low-water reservoir at Calallen by Nueces 

River. Filtration plant at Calallen; reservoir capacity, 175,000,000 gallons. 

Water pumped 16 miles to Corpus Christi; pumping capacity, 35 to 40 million 

gallons a day. Also supplies Naval Bases, Clarkwood, and Nueces Water 

Improvement District 1.

Storage: Elevated tank, 750,000 gallons; two ground reservoirs, 10,000,000 

gallons each.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, aeration, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination and postchlorination.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

July 

July - 

1937

3, 138, 710

3, 910, 714

3,040,968

3, 951, 612

4, 626, 666

4, 229, 333

4, 073, 710

4,841,935

5, 096, 666

4, 256, 935

3, 951, 166

3, 670, 323

1941

5, 110, 000

5, 920, 000

4, 670, 000

6, 070, 000

7, 079, 333

7, 806, 451

9, 952, 903

10, 445, 666

7, 577, 096

7, 672, 833

6, 870, 000

1938

3

01 7 AQ4

4, 564, 286

4, 300, 000

4, 866, 666

4, 387, 096

5, 346, 666

5, 302, 903

5, 970, 161

4, 369, 516

4 441 833

4, 101, 935

1942

7, 162, 096

7, 094, 193

8, 844, 333

10, 827, 166

9, 550, 483

11, 185, 806

11,116,500

10, 879, 677

10, 190, 967

1939

4, 645, 178

4, 129, 032

5, 079, 833

5, 173, 870

4, 967, 833

5, 673, 645

6, 300, 870

5, 515, 666

4, 740, 806

5, 432, 833

4, 789, 838

1943

10, 268, 870

11,816,785

10, 172, 903

11, 963, 000

11, 699, 666

11, 467, 741

12,419,032

11, 518, 333

9, 753, 548

10, 394, 666

10, 601, 290

1940

4, 681, 613

5, 283, 965

4, 836, 290

5, 515, 000

5, 484, 433

5, 824, 709

7,165,483

7, 106, 666

5

7O1 Onn

1944

10, 707, 967

10, 693, 258

13, 125, 266

H 7AO f\KA

19, 885, 193

22, 545, 000

17,702,933

16,357,741

71,636,033

14,455,967

Analyses 

[Collected July 1945. pH: Raw water, 7.8; finished water, 7.3. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOz) 

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) 

Sulfate(SO4) 

Chloride (01) 

Fluoride (F)..... . .... .... .... ....

Nitrate (NO3 ) _-. 

Raw water

Parts per 

million

19 

.09 

56 

6.5 

56 

9.0 

180 

43 

74 

.6 

.4 

370 

166

Equivalents 

per million

2.80 

.53 

2.42 

.23 

2.95 

.90 

2.09 

.03 

.01

Finished water

Parts per 

million

13

.05 

39 

7.4 

59 

9.6 

91 

66 

88 

.4 

0 

342 

128

Equivalents 

per million

1.95 

.61 

2.55 

.25 

1.49 

1.37 

2.48 

.02 

0
90 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

PORT ARANSAS

Population in 1940: 495.

Source of information: Boone Walker, manager, July 17, 1945.

Owner: Mustang Island Industries.

Source of supply: 36 wells, all 2-inch driven-well points, about 18 feet deep;

wells are in 4 batteries of 9 wells each and each battery of wells is pumped by

direct-suction pumps. 

Pumpage: Unknown.

Storage: 3 wooden elevated tanks, about 3,000 gallons each. 

Number of customers: About 300 during summer months. 

Treatment: Hypochlorination.

Analysis of composite sample 

[Collected July 17,1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (8iOi). .................

Bicarbonate (HCOs)... 

Parts 

per 

million

4.0

1.1

106

69

498

44

304

Equivalents per 

million

5.29

5.67

21.66

1.13

4.98

Sulfate (SOO 

Chloride (Cl) . ... ... .... ...

Fluoride (F)... ...............

Nitrate (53O»). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

123

925

.6

5.5

1,930

548

Equivalents per 

million

2.56

26.09

.03

.09

ROBSTOWN

Population in 1940: 6,780.

Source of information: W. B. Messer, manager, July 18, 1945.

Owner: Nueces County Water Improvement District 3.

Scarce of supply: Nueces River: diversion plant about 5 miles north of Robstown; water fed by canal to nitration plant at Robstown.

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 7,000,000 gallons; 

treated ground storage, 150,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 1,960.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand nitration, prechlorination, and postchlorination.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

1943

405,000

432, 000

535,000

648,000

678,000

464,000

1944

KQ7 Ann

KAfi nnft

585,000

1945

ecq AAA

700,000

741 000

790 f\f\o

July.- .. ...

T)pppmbpr

1943

774,000

431,000

431,000

1944

776,000

739,000

567,000

517,000

497, 000

1945
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 91

Analyses 

[Collection: July 1845. pH: Haw water, 7.9; finished water, 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs). _ . 

L-on(Fe)-- 

Sodium (Na)- - __ . _ 

Potassium (K).. ... . ....... .............. ... .......

Chloride (Cl).._. _ 

Fluoride(F). __. .. . .. ...

Nitrate (NO!) 

Raw water

Parts per 

million 

16 

.15 

62 

7.2 

45 

9.6 

177 

44 

73 

.4 

0 

362 

184

Equivalents 

per million

3.09

.59 

1.97 

.25 

2.90 

.92 

2.06 

.02 

.00

Finished water

Parts per 

million

12 

1.16 

67 

7.6 

47 

9.5 

172 

61 

76 

.4 

0 

379 

198

Equivalents 

per million

3.34 

.62 

2.05 

.24 

2.82 

1.27 

2.14 

.02 

.00

REFTJGHO COUNTY

AUSTWEUL

Population in 1940: 301.

Source of information: Mrs. Marie Bailey, city secretary, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well, drilled in 1938 by C. E. Enton; depth, 361 feet; diameter,

6 inches; deep-well pump and electric motor; double-action cylinder; yield,

20 to 30 gallons a minute. 

Storage: 13,500 gallons. 

Number of customers: 60. 

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected July 1945. pH is 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SlOj)-- 

Iron (Fe) 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)... ___

Parts 

per 

million

12

.88

36 

18 

248 

9.9 

381

Equivalents per 

million

1.80 

1.48 

10.80 

.25 

6.25

Sulfate (SO4) -

Chloride (01). 

Nitrate (NOs) 

Total hardness as CaCOs 

Parts 

per 

million

89 

220 

.6 

0 

833 

164

Equivalents per 

million

1.85 

6.20 

.03 

.00

Driller's log, well 1

C\&^. ........................

ClaySand. 

Thickness 

(feet)

4

66

5

49

22

62

10

17

Depth 

(feet)

4

70

75

124

146

208

218

235

Shale 

Shale 

Thickness 

(feet)

10

19

14

26

9

8

40

Depth 

(feet)

245

264

278

304

313

321

361

863013 5C
92 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

REFUGIO

Population in 1940: 4,077.

Source of information: I. C. Williams, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. About a quarter of a mile northeast of the courthouse in Refugio; 

drilled in 1930 by Layne-Texas Co., original depth, 960 feet; underreamed 

and new screen installed in 1943; depth, 886 feet; diameter, 10 to 5% 

inches; deep-well turbine pump and 30-horsepower electric motor, pump 

set at 119 feet; flowing well; pump yield, 330 gallons a minute with pumping 

level at 111 feet below land surface, after being repaired in 1943. 

Well 2. About 140 feet from well 1; drilled in 1937 by Layne-Texas Co., 

depth, 875 feet; diameter, 13% to 6% inches; deep-well turbine pump and 

8-cylinder gasoline engine, pump set 100 feet; flowing well; pump yield, 

660 gallons a minute with pumping level at 83 feet below land surface.

Pumpage: Summer, 400,000 gallons a day; winter, 200,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 715.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected July 1945. pH: Well 1, 8.1; well 2, 8.5. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

SilicaCSiO!)- 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)- - - - - - -

Sulfate(SO4)~ - --- 

Chloride (Cl) .__ _ ._ _...

"NTlfratA (NFOa'i

Well!

Parts per 

million

13 

.12 

5.8 

2.7 

371 

11 

411 

57 

315 

1.4 

.8 

994 

26

Equivalents 

per million

0.29 

.22 

16.11 

.28 

6.75 

1.19 

8.88 

.07 

.01

Well 2

Parts per 

million

16 

.04 

.59 

2.7 

365 

7.2 

418 

53 

302 

1.4 

.8 

963 

26

Equivalents 

per million

0.29 

.22 

15.88 

.18 

6.87 

1.10 

8.52 

.07 

.01

Driller's log; well 1

Clay 

Rock

Thickness 

(feet)

58

8

129

12

38

8

1

18

8

7

33

12

57

16

11

25

19

8

20

22

34

Depth 

(feet)

58

66

195

207

245

253

254

272

280

287

320

332

389

405

416

441

460

468

488

510

544

Sand, hard.- ................

Shale. ........................

Sand-. ......................

Shale and boulders. ..........

Rock _________ .-...

Shale, stieky_. ...............

Shale _- __--.__._._.____-

Shale. _____ . ____ . .....

Thickness 

(feet)

35

9

83

28

10

1

7

3

12

2

61

24

10

10

2

16

20

16

5

22

Depth 

(feet)

579

588

671

699

709

710

717

720

7OO

7^4

795

819

829

839

841

857

877

893

898

920
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 93

WOGGDSBORO

Population in 1940: 1,426.

Source of information: Edward Mason, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well at elevated tank; drilled in 1935 by A. E. Fawcett, Jr.; 

depth, 203 feet (under-reamed and cased to 140 feet); diameter, 12 inches; deepwell turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor, pump set at 91 feet; 

static water level 32 feet below land surface on August 12, 1935; yield, 270 gallons a minute with drawdown of 40 feet on test, present yield, 250 gallons a 

minute.

Pumpage: Summer, 85,000 gallons a day; winter, 40,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons; ground storage, 50,000 gallons.

Customers: 270.

Treatment: None.

Analysis 

[Collected July 1945. pH is 7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOs) . ..

Iron (Fe) 

Potassium (K)-_ __ .........

Parts 

per 

million

12

.04

56

27

288

13

382

Equivalents per 

million

2.80

2.22

12.51

.33

6.26

Sulfate (SO*) 

Chloride (Cl)~... .

Fluoride (F)... . .... ... ... ... .

Nitrate (N0»). ...............

Parts 

per 

million

95

340

.4

.8

1,020

251

Equivalents per 

million

1.98

9.59

.02

.01

.01

Driller's log; well 1

Surface soil __ .............

Clay- . 

Thickness 

(feet)

2

28

30

35

10

Depth 

(feet)

2

30

60

95

105

Clay 

Thickness 

(feet)

35

12

35

16

Depth 

(feet)

140

152

187

203

SAN PATBICIO COUNTY 

ARAJSTSAS PASS

Population in 1940: 4,095.

Source of information: C. H. Cavitt, water superintendent, July 17, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 10 wells at 2 well fields; well field No. 1 at elevated tank near 

center of city; well field No. 2 in south part of city about 1 mile from well 

field No. 1; all 7 wells in well field 1 center around the ground storage reservoir 

and elevated tank; wells 1, 2, 3, and 4 are about 200 feet from the nearest well; 

wells 5 and 6 are about 300 feet from the nearest well; and well 7 is about 500 

feet from the nearest well. 

Well field 1:

Well 1. Drilled about 1914; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 8 inches; deep-well 

cylinder and pump jack driven by 3-horsepower electric motor: static 

water level reported 27 feet below land surface.
94 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Well 2. Drilled in 1930 by Marvin Baker; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 10

inches; deep-well cylinder and pump jack driven by 3-horsepower electric

motor. 

Well 3. Drilled in 1930 by Marvin Baker; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 8 inches;

deep-well cylinder and pump jack driven by 3-horsepower electric motor. 

Well 4. Drilled in 1932 by W. R. Erwin; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 12

inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 2-horsepower electric motor;

yield, 50 gallons a minute. 

Well 5. Drilled in 1930 by Marvin Baker; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 10

inches; deep-well cylinder and pump jack driven by 10-horsepower electric

motor. 

Well 6. Drilled in 1933 by Marvin Baker; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 8

inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 2-horsepower electric motor;

yield, 50 gallons a minute. 

Well 7. Drilled in 1940 by Marvin Baker; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 8

inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 5-horsepower electric motor. 

Well field No. 2:

Well 1. Drilled in 1940 by Lloyd Richardson; depth, 60 feet; diameter, 10

inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 2-horsepower electric motor;

static water level, 6 feet below land surface; yield, 50 gallons a minute. 

WeU 2. About 500 feet from well 1; drilled in 1940 by Lloyd Richardson;

depth, 60 feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by

2-horsepower electric motor. 

Well 3. About 700 feet from well 2; drilled in 1941 by; Marvin Baker; depth,

60 feet; diameter, 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 3-horsepower

electric motor.

Pumpage (estimated): 200,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 60,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 84,000 gallons;

wood ground tank, 18,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 900. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected July 1945. pH: Wells 1,2, and 3, in well field 2, 7.8; well 6, in well field 1,7.4. Analyzed by J. H.

Rowley]

Silica (SiO2).-. .............. ......... .............

Iron(Fe)_ ... .. ...... ........... ..........

Sulfate(SO4 ) . . . 

Chloride (Cl). .__ _ 

Fluoride (F) -... .. __ ....... __.- -

Nitrate (NO3)__ .. .._ _

Wells 1, 2 and 3

Parts per 

million

37 

1.0 

53 

4.0 

56 

4.9 

199 

4.2 

78 

0 

.8 

337 

156

Equivalents 

per million

2.65 

.33 

2.45 

.13 

3.26 

.09 

2.20 

.00 

.01

Well6

Parts per 

million

21 

.40 

65 

15 

124 

8.7 

280 

3.5 

192 

.2 

.2 

593 

234

Equivalents 

per million

3.24 

1.23 

5.40 

.22

4.59 

.07 

5.42 

.01 

.00
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 95

MATBOB

Population in 1940: 1,950.

Source of information: E. T. Gidlett, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At water tank; drilled in 1939; depth, 319; deep-well turbine pump;

yield, 280 gallons per minute. 

Well 2. At water tank one block from well 1; drilled in 1943 by A. H. Masiran;

depth, 480 feet; drilled to 617 feet and plugged back to 480; yield, 280

gallons per minute.

Pumpage: No record, automatic control.

Storage: Elevated tank 100,000; ground storage, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 591. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses

[Collected July 1945. pH: Well 1,8.0; well 2,7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) ______._____.. .......................

Calcium (Ca).____ _ . _ ..... _ ............... ...

Magnesium (Mg) ..................................

Potassium (K) ____ .. ...........................

Bicarbonate (HCOs).. . ... _ ----- __ - _ 

Sulfate(SO4).. .- ._ . _._-

Chloride (Ol)_.. ...................................

Fluoride(F)... ....................................

Nitrate (NOj)..... ............. _ .......... ___ .

Welll

Parts per 

million

13

.61 

27 

8.7 

347 

9.9 

351 

43 

378 

1.0 

2.8 

1,000 

116

Equivalents 

per million

1.35 

.72 

15.10 

.25 

5.75 

0.90 

10.66 

.05 

.05

Well 2

Parts per 

million

14 

.22 

18 

6.7 

358 

11 

345 

33 

385 

1.0 

2.2 

999 

86

Equivalents 

per million

0.90 

.55 

15.57 

.28 

5.66 

.69 

10.86 

.05 

.04

ODEM

Population in 1940: 1,147.

Source of information: Walter Heinsholm, water superintendent, July 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 1. At elevated tank; used as stand-by; drilled about 1930; depth, about

125 feet; diameter, 6 inches; deep-well cylinder and pump jack driven by

electric motor; yield, 20 gallons a minute. 

Well 2. At elevated tank, drilled in 1936 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 126

feet; diameter, 10 inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by 7^-horsepower

electric motor; pump set at 87 feet; static water level, 60 feet below land

surface; yield, 60 gallons a minute. 

Well 3. One-half mile north of Odem; drilled in 1940 by Masarin and Vickers;

depth, 133 feet; diameter, 8 inches; deep-well turbine pump driven by

5-horsepower electric motor; yield, 20 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Maximum 60,000 gallons a day; average 40,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 100,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 211. 

Treatment: Aeration, sedimentation, and chlorination.
96 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis, well 2 

[Collected July 1945. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj).. ................

Iron (Fe) 

Calcium (Ca). ...............

Magnesium (Mg)_. ...... _ .

Parts 

per 

million

55

.16

119

50

829

21

510

Equivalents per 

million

5.94

4.11

36.03

.54

8

07

Sulfate (8Ot). ................

Chloride (Cl).......... .......

Nitrate (NO3)- ............

Parts 

per 

million

58

1,310

.8

2.8

2,700

530

Equivalents per 

million

1.21

36.95

.04

.05

SENTON

Population in 1940: 3,770.

Source of information: J. P. Hall, water superintendent, July 19, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 5 wells.

Well 1. At fire station; drilled about 1912; depth, 936 feet; diameter, 4 inches;

flows 50 gallons a minute.

Well 2. In city park, drilled in 1922; depth, 936 feet; diameter, 6 inches; flows

15 gallons a minute. (Flowed 50 gallons a minute before well 8 was drilled.)

Well 5. About 300 feet north of city park; drilled in 1939 by Layne-Texas

Co.; depth, 473 feet; diameter, 13% to 8% inches; deep-well turbine pump

driven by 15-horsepower electric motor; static water level 18 feet below

land surface on November 11, 1939; pumping level, 54 feet below land

surface when pumped 405 gallons a minute, November 11, 1939.

Well 6. In city park; drilled in 1937 by E. T. Ellwood; depth, 906 feet;

diameter, 6 inches; flowed 100 gallons a minute in 1937 and 60 gallons a

minute in 1945.

Well 8. In city park; drilled in 1941 by Layne-Texas Co.; depth, 940 feet; 

diameter, 8 inches; flowed 110 gallons a minute when drilled and 100 

gallons a minute in 1945.

Pumpage: Summer, 250,000 gallons a day; winter, 200,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 116,000 gallons;

ground reservoir, 56,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 675. 

Treatment: None.

Analyses 

[Collected July 1945. pH: well 1, 7.7; well 2, 7.9; well 5, 7.5, well 8, 8.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica(SiO2) - ., 

Calcium (Ca) _-_. ....... ............

Sodium (Na)_. ........... ___ .. ................

Sulfate (SOi) ....................................

Chloride (Cl).. .................... ................

Fluoride(F). ......................................

Nitrate(N08) ~~

Welll

Parts per 

million

15 

.07 

8.6 

2.0 

663 

16 

350 

.4 

850 

1.0 

2.8 

1,730 

50

Equivalents per 

million

6.43 

.16 

28.82 

.41 

5.74 

.01 

23.97 

.05 

.05

Well 2

Parts per 

million

10 

.11 

13 

2.5 

804 

14 

374 

.4 

1,060 

1.2 

3.2 

2,090 

61

Equivalents per 

million

0.65 

.21 

34.94 

.36 

6.14 

.01 

29.90 

.06 

.05
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 97

Sulfate(SO4) 

Chloride (01). .....................................

FIuoride(F) . . _ 

Nitrate (NOs).. -.. . ... .. -

48 

312 

1.0 

2.2 

943 

28

1.00 

8.80 

.05 

.04

1,3 

2, t

.2 .00 

40 37. 79 

1. 4 .07 

0 .00 

90 ..... __ .....

82 ..............

Drillers' logs

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well 5

Rock.. ............... _ .....

Shale. . ...-.. -..........

Rock..... ....................

Caliche - ... .-..

Sand... .... .... ..... ...

Shale-................. ..

Sand. _____________

Shale ........... .. ..... .

Sand , ...

9 

13 

9 

5 

3 

3 

9 

2 

5 

9 

2 

11 

2 

13 

28 

11 

8 

3 

16 

9 

17

9 

22 

31 

36 

39 

42 

51 

53 

58 

67 

69 

80 

82 

95 

123 

134 

142 

145 

161 

170 

187

Sandy she 

Sand. _ -

Shale 

Sand. _ _ Tough sh 

Sandy she 

Shale bre£

Shale. .__

Shale and 

Sticky shs 

Shale, san

Sandy shz 

Sandy she 

Sand. 

Sand. _ .

Shale bres 

Sand.. 

Hard shal

lie. ... ... .

lie... ... ...

tk_ _ 

lie

ile.. - .

de

k _ ... ...

13

6 

27 

8 

46 

53 

2 

3 

7 

5 

12 

6 

14 

8 

8 

8 

24 

10 

2 

7 

10

200 

206 

233 

241 

287 

340 

342 

345 

352 

357 

369 

375 

389 

397 

405 

413 

437 

447 

449 

456 

466

Well 8

Clay.. .......................

Sand... ________ .......

Clay and caliche __ .........

Caliche __ . _ . ._

Shale ... ..................

Tough shale.--.. .. __ ...

Rock -. .. ..........

Hard shale. .... _____ ____

Sand _________ . __ _._

Shale . _ . _

Sand-. .... .. .

8 

10 

30 

90 

8 

95 

15 

38 

1 

80 

15 

15 

10 

18

8 

18 

48 

138 

146 

241 

256 

294 

295 

375 

390 

405 

415 

433

Hard shal 

Sand 

Shale -

Sand. _ _ Hard sha]

Tough sh£ 

Sand .

Shale 

Q

1 

7 

42 

32 

21 

29 

22 

125 

14 

181 

33 

12

434 

441 

483 

515 

536 

565 

587 

712 

726 

907 

940 

952

TAFT

Population in 1940: 2,686.

Source of information: C. R. Brock, operator, July 1945.

Owner: Central Power and Light Co.
98 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Source of supply: 4 wells at company plant.

Well 2. Depth about 220 feet; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor;

yield, 285 gallons a minute, February 16, 1942. 

Well 6. Depth about 200 feet; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor;

yield reported, 300 gallons a minute. 

Well 7. Depth about 200 feet; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor;

yield reported, 300 gallons a minute.

Well 9. Drilled in 1944 by Layne-Texas Co., Ltd.; depth, 216 feet; diameter, 

24 to 16 inches; screens from 158 to 188 feet and 206 to 216 feet; deep-well 

turbine pump and 30-horsepower electric motor; static water level, 70 feet 

below land surface on November 7, 1944; pumping level, 156 feet when 

pumping 260 gallons a minute. 

Pumpage: Averages 601,000 gallons a day in January 1945; 763,000 gallons a

day in June 1945.

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 140,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 776. 

Treatment: Aeration and chlorination.

Analyses 

[Collected July 1945. pH: Well 7, 7.7; well 9, 7.8. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) - _ . _ _.------- .

Calcium (Ca)_- __ ............ _ ........ . . ...

Sodium (Na)-.-........ ............................

Potassium (K)__.----.... ........_......... ......

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ..... ... ..........

Sulfate (SCh) ... .......... .......................

Chloride (CD. .....................................

Fluoride(F).. .....................................

Nitrate (NO^).... ..................................

Well 7

Parts per 

million

16 

.05 

21 

8.4 

531 

7.7 

394 

113 

570 

1.8 

2.8 

1,470 

97

Equivalents 

per million

1.05 

.69 

23.10 

.20 

6.47 

2.35 

16.08 

.09 

.05

Well 9

Parts per 

million

16 

.02 

17 

7.6 

490 

8.8 

437 

66 

508 

1.8 

2.2 

1,330 

85

Equivalents 

per million

0.85 

.62 

21.30 

.23 

7.17 

1.37 

14.33 

.09 

.04

Driller's log, well 9

Soil.. ........................

Clay--.-.----..------........

Sand. _ _ _ _ ..

Clay.........................

Thickness 

(feet)

5

10

10

7

47

14

16

Depth

(feet)

5

15

25

32

79

93

109

Sand. __ .. __ ----- _ . .....

Clay 

Shale .

Shale 

Thickness 

(feet)

7

5

66

6

7

16

5

Depth

(feet)

116

121

187

193

200

216

221

STABB COUNTY 

RIO GRANDE CITY

Population in 1940: 2,500.

Source of information: superintendent, Central Power and Light Co,, August 9,

1945.

Owner: Central Power and Light Co. 

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping plant five blocks east and one block south

of post office.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 99

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; ground storage, 500,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 617.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and 

chlorination.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

February _______ .. __

May ______________

July.. .....................

1940

174, 000

233,000

290,000

344, 000

385, 000

343,000

333, 000

333, 000

316, 000

262,000

224,000

229, 000

1941

222, 000

198, 000

201, 000

297, 000

307, 000

350,000

473, 000

360,000

318, 000

238,000

1942

253, 000

251, 000

389, 000

415, 000

342, 000

350, 000

417, 000

393,000

376, 000

365, 000

378, 000

1943

386, 000

343, 000

371, 000

393, 000

383, 000

317, 000

318, 000

345, 000

287, 000

213, 000

161, 000

227, 000

1944

155, 000

207, 000

220, 000

231, 000

217, 000

208, 000

179, 000

195, 000

186, 000

167, 000

151, 000

1945

173, 000

207, 000

205, 000

307, 000

322, 000

333, 000

Analyses 

[Collected August 9,1945. pH of finished water, 7.7 Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOa)... .....................................

Iron (Fe) _ __ ........ _____ ..................

Calcium (Ca)..-._ ........ ________ ....... _

Potassium (K)._. .___.__ _______ . _ ..... ....

Sulfate (SO4) .. ..... ........ ...... .........

Chloride (Cl). .....................................

Nitrate (NOs) . . . -

Finished water

Parts per 

million

17 

.21 

S6 

18 

80 

12 

128 

217 

118 

.6 

1.2 

648 

288

Equivalents 

per million

4.29 

1.48 

3.92 

.31 

2.10 

4.52 

3.33 

.03 

.02

Raw water

Parts per 

million

82 

19

} "

144 

191 

114

2

654 

282

Equivalents 

per million

4.09 

1.56

3.94

2.36 

3.98 

3.22

.03

 ROMA

Population in 1940: 1,414.

Source of information: E. Ramirez, water superintendent, Aug. 9, 1945. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Rio Grande; pumping plant, one block east and two blocks 

south of post office.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

May.-.. ..................................

July-........ ..........................

1941

20,967

32, 700

24, 677

26, 700

29,064

36,290

27,566

31, 548

 28,733

24, 419

1942

25, 530

27, 382

43,233

43,400

46, 161

53,633

45, 700

45, 354

34,900

36,967

40,800

35,600

1943

25, 322

41, 428

49,100

55,300

71, 100

61, 300

61, 800

55, 100

51, 400

37,200

34, 300

26,600

1944

37, 400

46,800

54,400

73,400

63,000

67, 700

78, 000

72, 100

59,900

63,900

51, 300

42,500

1945

46, 700

46, 700

80,200

74, 900

92, 300

1, 087, 000
100 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Storage: Elevated tank, 60,000 gallons; concrete ground storage reservoir, 15,000

gallons. 

Number of customers: 298 (also supplies the communities of La Saenz, Escobores, and San Pedro, Mexico). 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorination.

Analyses

[Collected Aug. 9, 1945. pH of finished water, 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) - _ _ -

Calcium (Ca). . -... _ _ . _ _ _ __ _ _

Potassium (K)_.__ _ . __ _ ________ . __ ._

Bicarbonate (HCOs)..--- -...- - .-. _. ..

SulfateCSOO .......................................

Chloride (Cl).. ..................:.................

Fluoride (F)-_. ............... .......

Nitrate (NOs) ----_- ----_. - -.---..... ...

Finished water

Parts per 

million

14 

.36 

83 

21 

109 

11 

120 

233 

143 

.8 

.2 

701 

294

Equivalents 

per million

4.14 

1.73 

4.74 

.28 

1.97 

4.85 

4.03 

.04 

.00

Raw water

Parts per 

million

82 

22

J 114

114

228 

150

.8 

725 

295

Equivalents 

per million

4.09- 

1.81

4.96

1.87 

4.75 

4.23

.01

UVAXDE COUNTY 

SABINAL

Population in 1943: 1,768.

Source of information: Mrs. R. B. C. Ware, city secretary, Nov. 2, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. At elevated tank; drilled in 1923 by Trim & Son; drilled to 2,800 

feet and plugged back to 1,476 feet; diameter, 10 to 6 inches; deep-well 

turbine pump and electric motor; static water level, 230 feet below land 

surface in 1929; yield, 250 gallons a minute. » 

Well 2. Drilled in 1923 by Trim & Son; depth, 1,493 feet; diameter, 10 to 8 

inches; cased to 930 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower 

electric motor; static water level, 214 feet below land surface; yield, 335 

gallons a minute.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 450.

Treatment: Chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER I3UPPLIES 101

Analyses

Collected Nov. 2, 1945. pH: Well 1, 7.6; well 2, 7.1. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka and J. H. Rowley]

Sodium (Na)_._ _ . _____ .......... _____ __

Bicarbonate CELCOt). ..............................

Sulfate (SOO . _ - . ..

Chloride (Cl). ......... .................. . . . .

Fluoride (F) .......................................

Welll

Parts per 

million

2.8 

.16 

58 

72 

148 

21 

45 

608 

82 

1.4 

0 

1,020 

440

Equivalents 

per million

2.89 

5 92 

6.43 

.54 

.74 

12.66 

2.31 

.07 

.00

Well 2

Parts per 

million

14

.12 

88 

29 

17 

9.5 

254 

142 

20 

.6 

3.0 

470 

338

Equivalents 

per million

4.39 

2.38 

.75 

.24 

4.16 

2.96 

.56 

.03 

.05

Drillers' log: No log available; top of Edwards limestone reported by Trim & Son 

to be 930 feet below the land surface.

TJVAUDK

Population in 1940: 6,679.

Source of information: R. W. Evans, city secretary, Nov. 1, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 3 wells.

Well 1. Dug and drilled about 1910; well consists of a large pit dug to about 

50 feet in depth and cemented on four sides, then drilled to 375 feet; 

diameter of drilled well 10 inches; two horizontal centrifugal pumps 

mounted in the pit and driven by electric motors; yield, 750 gallons a 

minute each; static water level, 36 i'eet below land surface. 

Well 2. Drilled in 1938 by H. Crawford and John Roberts; depth, 478 feet; 

diameter, 12J4 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 60-horsepower electric 

motor; static water level, 36 feet below land surface; yield, 1,100 gallons 

a minute with a drawdown of about 15 feet.

Well 3. Drilled in 1942 by Henry Rosenow; depth 400 feet; diameter, 12J4 

inches; deep-well turbine pump and 60-horsepower electric motor; yield, 

1,100 gallons a minute.

Storage: Elevated tank, 150,000 gallons; standpipe in North Uvalde, 100,000 

gallons.

Number of customers: 1,688.

Treatment: None.

Average pumpage, 1 in gallons a day

April...... ...............

1942

392, 000

478, 000

465, 000

872, 000

552, 000

1, 135, 000

1943

498, 000

722, 000

875, 000

942, 000

1, 070, 000

913, 000

July-... ..............

1942

810, 000

1, 300, 000

738, 000

650, 000

667, 000

516, 000

1943

1, 430, 000

1, 890, 000

1, 430, 000

458,000

656,000

522, 000

1 Average in gallons a day for year 1944 is 910,000; that for 1945 is 926,000.
102 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Analysis, well 3 

[Collected November 2,1945. pH is 7.0. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley and C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOj) 

Iron(Fe)_. _ . __ ...... . .

Calcium (Ca)_. ________

Sodium (Na) .......... ..

Potassium (K). ...........

Bicarbonate (HCOs). __ . ..

Parts

per

million

11

08

74

9

E

24

7.0

277

Equivalents per

million

3.69

.18

4 *U.

Sulfate (SOO -_ 

Chloride (Cl) _ -

XTitrptd fNTOi^

Parts x

per

million

19

24

.4

4.1

319

224

Equivalents per

million

0.40

.69

.02

.07

Driller's log, well

Clay and soil _________

Gravel..... _____ .-

Clay.......... ... . 

Thickness 

(feet)

30

28

18

Depth

(feet)

30

58

76

Clay... -

Thickness 

(feet)

89

95

218

Depth 

(feet)

165

260

478

VICTORIA COUNTY 

VICTORIA

Population in 1940: 11,566.

Source of information: F. B. Lowry, city engineer, Apr. 20, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: 6 wells.

Well 5. About 400 feet northeast of pump station; drilled in 1934 by 

Southern Engine & Pump Co.; depth, 612 feet; diameter, 12% to 10 inches; 

screen from 562 to 606 feet and gun-perforated from 509 to 538 feet; deepwell turbine pump and 10-horsepower electric motor; flows; pump yield 

reported 402 gallons a minute after 24 hours' pumping in October 1942; 

temperature, 77° F.

Well 6. About 300 feet northeast of pump station; drilled in 1938; 

depth, 365 feet; diameter, 16 to 8% inches; screens at 158 to 180, 204 to 222, 

258 to 314, and 326 to 346 feet, underreamed and gravel-walled; deepwell turbine pump and electric motor; static water level, 1 foot below land 

surface; yield, 500 gallons a minute with draw-down at 78 feet after 5 hours' 

pumping; temperature, 74° F; water turbid and well unused.

Well 7. About 300 feet northwest of pump station; drilled in 1940 by 

A. E. Fawcett, Jr.; depth, 412 feet; diameter, 16 to 10 inches, screen from 

364 to 410 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 40-horsepower electric motor, 

pump set at 100 feet; flows 50 gallons a minute at ground-level; pump 

yield, 1,000 gallons a minute with draw-down of 90 feet in 1940; yield, 731 

gallons a minute after 24 hours' pumping in October, 1942; temperature, 

73° F.

Well 8. About 200 feet east of pump station; drilled in 1941 by A. H. 

Masiran; depth, 414 feet; diameter, 10j^ to 8 inches; screen from 374 to 

413 feet; deep-well turbine pump and electric motor; flows; pump yield 525 

gallons a minute with draw-down of 62 feet when drilled; yield, 430 

gallons a minute after 24 hours' pumping in October 1942; temperature, 

75° F.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 103

Well 9. About 200 feet northwest of pump station; drilled in 1941 by 

Layne-Texas Co., Ltd.; depth, 604 feet; diameter, 13 to 1Q% inches, screens 

at 475 to 527 and 554 to 600 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 20-horsepower electric motor; pump set at 100 feet; flows; pump yield, 525 gallons 

a minute with draw-down of 100 feet when drilled; yield, 603 gallons a 

minute after 24 hours' pumping in October 1942; temperature, 75° F.

Well 10. One block west of city limits on east Pine Street, drilled 

in 1942 by Layne-Texas Co., Ltd., depth, 1504 feet (plugged back to 

1,012 feet); diameter, 16 to 8% inches; screen from 804 to 991 feet, underreamed and gravel-walled; deep-well turbine pump and 125-horsepower 

electric motor; static water level 21 feet below land surface on September 

2, 1942; yield, 1,000 gallons a minute with draw-down of 201 feet after 

39hours' pumping; pumps directly into water mains; temperature, 82>£° F.

Pumpage: No record.

Storage: 2 elevated tanks, 500,000 and 300,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir,

1,000,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 3,305. 

Treatment: Aeration.

Analyses

[Collected Apr. 20, 1945. pH: Well 5, 7.0; well 6, 7.2; wells 7 and 8, 7.4; wells 9 and 10, 7.5. Analyzed by

J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj)-.. 

Iron (Fe)---_. ---.---..--...--

Bicarbonate (HCOa)-.-----.-

Sulfate (SO4) - --

Chloride (Cl)...........__....

Fluoride (F)_. ................

Nitrate (NOs)-.. . ......

Total hardness as CaCOs--...

Iron(Fe).......... ....... .

Calcium (Ca)... ..............

Sodium (Na).---. 

Potassium (K).~ - ...... .

Sulfate (SO4)-~~ 

Chloride (Cl)........... ......

Fluoride (F).. ................

Total hardness as CaCOs-....

Well 5

Parts per 

million

21 

4.7 

34 

11 

146 

7.9 

402 

14 

80 

.4 

0 

517 

130

Equivalents per 

million

1.70 

,90 

6.36 

.20 

6.59 

.29 

2.26 

.02 

.00

Well S

26 

7.9 

36 

12 

134 

3.9 

366 

3 

93 

.6 

0 

497 

140

1.80 

.99 

5.82 

.10 

6.00 

.06 

2.62 

.03 

.00

Well6

Parts per 

million

26 

3.0 

36 

11 

152 

6.4 

386 

10 

102 

.6 

0 

537 

135

Equivalents per 

million

1.80 

.90 

6.59 

.16 

6.33 

.21 

2.88 

.03 

.00

Well 9

18 

2.3 

29 

10 

150 

5.9 

359 

15 

96 

.6 

0 

504 

114

1.45

.82 

6.51 

.15 

5.88 

.31 

2.71 

.03 

.00

Well?

Parts per 

million

28 

1.2 

37 

12 

128 

5 8 

360 

3 

91 

.06 

0 

484 

142

Equivalents per 

million

1.85 

.99 

5.57 

.15 

5.90 

.06 

2.57 

.03 

.00

Well 10

23 

.97 

18 

6.9 

221 

6.6 

348 

37 

168 

.6 

0 

656 

74

0.90 

.57 

9.60 

.17 

5.70 

.77 

, 4.74 

.03 

.00
104 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log

Thickness 

h(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Thickness 

(feet)

Depth 

(feet)

Well?

17 

31 

12 

42 

13 

10 

6 

7 

39 

5 

2

17 

48 

60 

102 

115 

125 

141 

148 

187 

192 

194

Sand. .- 

37 

2 

51 

13 

7 

15 

7 

17 

21 

14 

36

229 

231 

282 

295 

302 

317 

324 

341 

362 

376 

412

Well 8

Soil . .

Clay... 

Sand rock

Shale 

Sand. _____ . _ - . 

6 

18 

70 

5 

2 

25 

18 

24 

3 

5 

11 

6 

23 

15

6 

24 

94 

99 

101 

126 

144 

168 

171 

176 

187 

193 

216 

231

Shale 

Sand. 

Sand. 

Shale 

Shale-----.--... -------------

5 

3 

29 

4 

8 

12 

4 

30 

10 

24 

14 

37 

3

236 

239 

268 

272 

280 

292 

296 

326 

336 

360 

374 

411 

414

WEBB COUNTY 

LAREDO

Population in 1940: 39,274.

Source of information: H. T. Ellsworth, district manager, and E. J. Hood, water

plant superintendent, July 29, 1944. 

Owner: Central Power & Light Co. 

Source of supply: Rio Grande.

Storage: 2 concrete reservoirs, 2,000,000 and 2,200,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 5,700.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination, and postchlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

Average pumpage, in thousands of gallons a day

1940

2,600

1941

2,650

1942

3,279

1943

4,208

1944 

(6 months)

4,410

Maximum pumpage in thousands of gallons a day

1940 1941 1942

5,407

1943

6,901

1944 

(6 months)

6,756

Analysis of finished water 

[Collected July 29, 1944. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

105

Silica (S02) - - -

(K) 

Parts 

per 

million

16

.10

102

36

207

122

Equivalents per 

million

5.09

2.96

9.00

2.00

Sulfate (SOO -. 

Chloride (Cl). ................

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOs) .... ... 

Total hardness as CaCOa. _ -

Parts 

per 

million

322

293

.8

2.8

1,040

402

Equivalents per 

million

6.70

8.26

.04

.05
Monthly averages of finished water at Laredo, in parts p

[Analyses by Central Power and Light Co.

July... 

Magnesium (Mg)

1941

17 

12 

19 

40 

55

1942

46 

53 

50 

45 

30 

26 

22 

20 

8 

16 

31 

32 

31.6

1943

39 

42 

32 

28 

30 

18 

7 

16 

20 

18 

25 

33 

25.7

Sulfate (SO4)

1941

380 

310 

240 

360 

620 

640

1942

575 

600 

500 

400 

340 

350 

270 

270 

140 

190 

330 

380 

362

1943

420 

430 

330 

260 

280 

240 

220 

230 

215 

205 

215 

280 

277

Chloride 

1941

280 

245 

280 

245 

115 

235 

330 

220 

190 

165 

380 

600 

274

1942

525 

550 

500 

430 

330 

240 

205 

190 

64 

115 

220 

240 

301
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 107

WILLACY COUNTY

LYFORD

Population in 1940: 891.

Source of information: W. A. Comp, water superintendent, August 8, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well 0.4 mile north of railroad depot and east of highway; 

drilled in 1908 by Layne-Texas Co. for irrigation purpose; depth, 1,935 feet; 

diameter, 10 to 8 inches; screens reported at 1,200 feet and near bottom; rotary 

pump and 15-horsepower electric motor; small flow 1 foot above land surface 

after pump has been shut down 10 to 12 hours; temperature, 92° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Maximum, 75,000 gallons; average, 50,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 60,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 130.

Treatment: None.

[Collected August 8,1945. Analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOj)-- 

Iron (Fe)_ _ ....... .___...._.

(Na+K). ..................

Parts 

per 

million

106

28

1,070

115

Equivalents per 

million

5 90

2.30

46.52

1.89

Sulfate (SO4). ----------

Chloride (Cl) 

Fluoride (F). ...........

Nitrate (NO3)- - 

Parts 

per 

million

1,580

685

.4

3,530

380

Equivalents per 

million

32.89

19.32

.01

RAYMOND VTLLE

Population in 1940: 4,050.

Source of information: Bill Schupp, city manager, August 10, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Canal from Rio Grande. Formerly supplied from well drilled 

in 1928 by Layne-Texas Company; depth, 1,416 feet; cased to 1,360 feet, 

diameter, 12 to 8/4 inches; static water level reported, 10 feet below land surface 

on June 25, 1928; yield, 325 gallons a minute with drawdown of 31 feet.

Pumpage: Maximum, 900,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 75,000 gallons; ground reservoir, 250,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 1,260.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, prechlorination, 

and postcholorination.

[Collected: Well, March 23,1937; canal, August 8,1945. pH: Well, 8.2; canal, 7.8. Well sample analyzed 

by State Health Department; canal sample analyzed by C. B. Cibulka]

Silica (SiOa).. -... 

Iron (Fe). .................. . _ - _ -------------

Sodium (Na)-.. ------------- _ ----------- - ----------

Potassium (K) _______________ _____ _____

Bicarbonate (H.COi)... .... ............ ............ ......

Sulfate (BOO--- - 

Chloride (Cl)- ................... 

Fluoride (F) -. . ......... . ....... .. .....

Nitrate(NOs)-.. . -. - . 

Total hardness as CaCOs- ___________________

Well

Parts per 

million

.14 

43 

22

1,167 

56 

2.25

2,781 

284

Canal (Finished Water)

Parts per 

million

17 

Ml 

78 

19 

103 

9.9 

99 

226 

135 

.6 

0 

659 

272

Equivalents 

per million

3.89 

1.56 

4.47 

.25 

1.62 

4.71 

3.81 

.03 

.00

863013 50 8
108 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log, well

Cla.j.. .......................

Clay. ........................

Sand.. ------------ ...........

Clay.. .......................

Clay.. .......................

Sand.... .......... .......

Clay... -_--..-.... .......

Clay..--....---.--- ......

Sand. _____ ...... __ -----

Clay...-.- ................

Sand.-.--... __ .............

Clay..... .................

Clay.-... ....... . .. _.

Thickness 

(feet)

84

TO

70

51

39

25

26

24

35

15

16

24

30

16

8

16

36

18

15

40

22

Depth 

(feet)

84

143

991

979

336

OfiO

386

421

436

476

506

COO

ws\

546

c/17

583

601

616

656

678

Clay.---. - - ...-....

PafilrSf*Tirl

Clay-.. ..... .. ..............

Clay....... ......

Clay........ .-.-. ---

Sand. __ ._-_..-- .-

Clay.. .._... .. --

Clay.... . .. 

Thickness 

. (feet)

8

144

1

20

2

42

23

4

35

7

41

15

14

26

15

1

16

87

10

94

12

Depth 

(feet)

686

830

852

872

874

916

939

943

978

985

1,026

1,041

1,055

1,081

1,096

1,097

1,113

1,200

1,210

1,304

1,416

WILSON COUNTY

FLORESVILLE

Population in 1940: 1, 708.

Source of information: Tom Johnson, water superintendent, July 29, 1944. 

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well 2 blocks west and 2 blocks south of courthouse; drilled 

in 1925 by San Antonio Public Service Co.; depth, 1,523 feet (reported no water 

below 850 feet); diameter, 8 inches; flows 375 gallons a minute, temperature, 

91° F.

Pumpage (flow): Average, 300,000 gallons a day.

Storage: 4 concrete basins, 160,000 gallons, elevated tank, 75,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 525. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation, hypochlorination, and sedimentation.

Analysis 

[Collected July 29,1944. pH is 7.6. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

.

Silica (SiOa).. ................

Iron (Fe) _ - _

Calcium (Ca). .... .......

Sodium (Na)__ 

Bicarbonate (HCOs). --------

Parts 

per 

million

15

.05

26

11

100

9.1

354

Equivalents per 

million

1 30

90

4.33

5.80

Sulfate (SO*). 

Chloride (01)... . 

Nitrate (NOs) ----------

Parts 

per 

million

16

22

.2

0

412

110

Equivalents per 

million

.33

.62

.01

00

POTH

Population in 1940: 509.

Source of information: E. J. Koserak, city secretary, July 29, 1944..

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well drilled in 1936; depth, 2,032 feet; diameter, 7 to 4% 

inches; casing perforated from 1,779 to 2,032 feet; flows 390 gallons a nimute, 

shut-in pressure 12 pounds when drilled; temperature, 115° F.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 109

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 147. 

Treatment: None.

Average pumpage, in gallons a day

March.... ____ .. _.

April...... ________________ . ___________ ________ __

June.. __ -_ _

Ju]y......_____. -__--..---____._____-___-____.________

1941

18, 000

15,000

28, 000

15, 500

18, 000

21,000

43 000

55,000

70, 000

33, 000

34,000

25,000

1942

29,000

40,000

32,000

49, 000

28,000

70,000

62, 000

72, 000

37, 000

37, 000

37, 000

40, 000

1943

37, 000

60, 000

53,000

46,000

48,000

38,000

66, 000

78,000

67,000

39, 000

27,000

28,000

1944

31, 000

34, 000

31, 000

55,000

58, 000

Analysis 

[Collected July 29,1944. pH is 8.2. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOa) - - - -

Bicarbonate (HCOs) -------

Parts 

per 

million

91

.03

6.0

1.9

215

4.0

495

Equivalents per 

million

0.30

.16

9

VA

.10

8.13

Sulfate (8O4)- -- - - 

Chloride (Cl).. .... ..

Nitrate (NO3)- -- -- 

Parts 

per 

million

32

38

.6

0

567

23

Equivalents per 

million

0.67

1.07

.03

.00

Driller's log

Sand, shale, gumbo, and

Thickness 

(feet)

650

192

788

Depth 

(feet)

650

842

1,630

Fine sand ands hale (Carrizo

Thickness 

(feet)

140

230

32

Depth 

(feet)

1,770

2,000

2,032

SASPAMCO

Population in 1940: 200.

Source of information: Wilson County report, July 29, 1944.

Owner: San Antonio Sewer & Pipe Co.

Source of supply: Well drilled in 1915; depth, 600 feet; diameter, 10 inches;

reported water level, 135 feet below land surface; draw-down, 175 feet after

pumping 33 gallons a minute for 24 hours. 

Pumpage: Unknown. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 10,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: Unknown. 

Treatment: None.
110 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

[Collected July 29,1944. pH is 7.9. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj). .................

Calcium (Ca).... ... ...

Sodium (Na) _ ___ ........

Bicarbonate (H CO a)- ------ _

Parts 

per 

million

12

.10

42

21

} 265

331

Equivalents per 

million

2.10

1.73

11.52

5.43

Sulfate (SOO -- 

Chloride (Cl)..... ....... -

Fluoride (F)_- ..-.- ......

Nitrate (NOs) -

Parts 

per 

million

290

137

.2

.8

940

192

Equivalents per 

million

6.04

3.86

.01

.01

STOCKDAUB

Population in 1940: 926.

Source of information: John E. Wheeler, water superintendent, July 28, 1944.

Ownership: Municipal.

Source of supply: Well (city well No. 2); drilled in 1935 by Kelly Construction 

Co.; depth, 315 feet; diameter, 8 to 6 inches; deep-well turbine pump and 

10-horsepower electric motor; reported water level, 55 feet below land surface 

when drilled; draw-down, 50 feet after pumping 124 gallons a minute for 80 

hours; yield, 93 gallons a minute in 1940.

Pumpage: Maximum, 100,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 150.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected July 28, 1944. pH is 7.7. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiO2) ........ .......

Iron(Fe)__ ..--.-.--.-.......

Bicarbonate (HCOs) _ ......

Parts 

per 

million

21

2.8

67

26

53

12

240

Equivalents per 

million

3.34

2.14

O Qft

.31

3.93

Chloride (Cl)...- ....... ...

Fluoride (F) 

Nitrate (NOa). ... 

Dissolved solids

Parts 

million

126

54

.1

.8

483

274

Equivalents per 

million

2.62

1.52

.01

.01

ZAP ATA COUNTY

XAT»ATA

Population in 1940: 700.

Source of information: R. San Miguel, Jr., owner, August 9, 1945.

Owner: R. San Miguel, Jr.

Source of supply: Rio Grande pumping plant, two blocks west and two blocks

south of courthouse.

Pumpage (estimated): 40,000 to 50,000 gallons a day. 

Storage: Elevated wood tank, 5,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, about

50,000 gaUons. 

Number of customers: 125. 

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 111

[Collected August 9,1945. pH of finished water is 7.7. Analyzed by O. B. Oibulka]

Silica (SiOj)...... ..................................

Iron (Fe)....._ ..-....................-. ........--

Calcium (Ca)........, ........ ... - .. _

Sodium (Na) -. - .- - ..- .

Potassium (K). ................................ _ .

Bicarbonate (HCOj). ..............................

Sulfate (SOO ... ... ......... ...

Chloride (Cl)... ...................................

Fluorlde(F)--. ........ ............... ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .

i 

Finished water

Parts per 

million

15 

.63 

82 

19 

104 

7.7 

102 

231 

136 

.6 '0 

675 

282

Equivalents 

pet million

4.09 

1.56 

4.50 

.20 

1.67 

4.81 

3.84 

.03 

.00

Raw water

Parts per 

million

84 

21

} 106

132 

208 

142

1.5

758 

296

Equivalents 

per million

4.19 

1.73

4.60

"J 4,33

4.00

.02

ZAVALA COUNTY

CRYSTAL CITY ,

Population in 1940: 6,529. (

Source of information: L. L. Williams, city manager^ May 10, 1945.

Ownership: Municipal. I

Source of supply: 2 wells.

Well 1. Plugged and abandoned.

Well 2. Drilled in 1927 by Floyd Trimm; depj;h, 1,050 feet; diameter, 12 

inches; deep-well submersible pump and 50^-horsepower electric motor; 

yield, 800 gallons a minute; temperature, 88° F.

Well 3. At pump station; drilled in 1941; depth, 990 feet; diameter, 1%% 

to 8 inches; liner perforated between 755 and 990 feet; deep-well turbine 

pump and electric motor; static water level reported 80 feet below land 

surface when drilled; yield, 800 gallons a minute with draw-down of 14 

feet; temperature, 88° F. 

Pumpage: Maximum, 1,000,000 gallons; minimumi, 500,000 gallons, average

750,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 50,000 gallons; concrete ground reservoir, 50,000 gallons. 

Number of customers: 1,208. \ 

Treatment: Occasional chlorination. \

Analyses ' 

[Collected January 9,1945. pH of well 2 is 7.5. Analyzed by State Health Department]

Silica (SIOj)... ............... ...

Iron(Fe).- ... ........................ .....

Calcium (Ca)......................................

Sodium (Na). .............. ............... .....

Potassium (K) . _ .. ...

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ______ . __

Sulfate (SO4)~ --. _ .-...- .._ .....

Chloride (Cl).. ... .... . ..

Fluoride (F)............ .........

Nitrate (NOs)-.- . ......... ... . 

Total hardness as CaCOs. ________ ....

Well 2

Parts per 

million

19 

.28 

64 

19

} -

296 

64 

43 

.2 

.4 

420 

238

Equivalents 

per million

3.19 

1.56

2.66

4.85 

1.33 

1.21 

.01 

.01

WellS

Parts per 

million

20 

.45 

64 

19

60

293 

64 

43 

.2 

.4 

430 

238

Equivalents 

per million

3.19 

1.56

2.61

4.80 

1.33 

1.21 

.01 

.01
112 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Driller's log, well 3

Soil. ...... ...

Sand.. ______ - -

Shale _ ......................

Sandy shale .

Thickness 

(feet)

4

76

25

10

65

65

10

35

25

15

10

90

20

Depth 

(feet)

4

an

105

115

Iftfl

245

255

315

330

340

430

450

Sand

Blue shale _ - . _ - _ .

Gumbo

Sand - - --- --- -

Gumbo ---------- -._-_

Sand - .- -- _ ____ .....

Thickness 

(feet)

50

45

10

45

20

110

25

15

15

110

10

85

Depth 

(feet)

500

545

555

600

620

730

755

770

785

895

905

990

tA PRYOR

Population in 1940: 500.

Source of information: R. K. Miller, owner, May 9, 1945.

Owner: R. K. Miller.

Source of supply: Well purchased from Central Power & Light Co.; drilled in 

1927; depth, 520 feet; diameter, 10 to 6% inches; perforated casing from 460 

to 520 feet; deep-well turbine pump and 7j4-horsepower electric motor; static 

water level, 129.3 feet below land surface on Jan. 28, 1930, and reported 130 

feet on May 9, 1945; yield, 50 gallons a minute; temperature, 78° F.

Pumpage (estimated): Average, 30,000 gallons a day.

Storage: Elevated tank, 22,000 gallons.

Number of customers: 124.

Treatment: None.

Analysis

[Collected May 9,1945. pHisT.l. Analyzed by J. H. Rowley]

Silica (SiOj) 

Parts 

per 

million

18

.03

85

14

} 3.0

283

Equivalents per 

million

4.24

1.15

.13

4 64

Sulfate (800 -- - - -

Chloride (Cl). -----------

Fluoride (F).-.. ... . 

Nitrate (NOs) -

Parts 

per 

million

21

15

.4

.2

303

270

Equivalents per 

million

0.44

.42

.02

.00
INDEX

Agua Dulce__________.--__.. --- 87 

Alamo 62

Alamo Heights---.---------.-..------------ 24-25

Alice...-. --.----- ------- 72-74

Aransas Pass.___________-____ 93-94 

Aquifers in the area-.-.-.___--___ 4 

Asherton.-------.-.---------..-------------- 46-47

Austin chalk...____ -_ 7

Austwell-__ 91

Balcones fault zone, relation to ground-water

occurrence___..._-___._--- 4 

Bandera.__.________.--..___-..-- 21 

Beaumont clay, sands of--- --- --------.- 4,8

Beevffle-----.. 21-23

Benavides. - 

Big WellsBishop.---- 

Boerne.------

BrackettvilleBrownsville.- 

Brundage.-..

-.-.-___.-.--___..---_- 37 

.- .- -. -- 48

Buda .--.-------_-__-----------_-----. 59-60

Campbellton-.. _-__ ------_-.-------_-_----- 17

Carrizosand.-------- -----_ -_-_ 4,5,6,7

Carrizo Springs-___. -- .....-.-. .._ 48-49

Catahoula tuff ._....._-.-. _-__-_ 7

Catarina..--___.__. ...-.----..-.__ 49

Christine----.-----...----.---------------- 17-18

Combes.-_____-_.........____-_ 38

Corpus Christi-.--------------------------- 88-89

Cotulla...-........---...--. ..-...----.--. 82-83

Coughran __._--------_-__--_------. 18

Crystal City.-. . -.. - 111-112 

Cuero _________-_----________ 42-45

Dale-. .. . ... 30

Devine_-_ ... . - . . -.--.. 86

Dflley...... - .--------- 53-54

Donna--..-.---.-. _ - 62-63

Eagle Pass.-------------------------------- 85

Ed Couch --.. ..-. ..-.---.. 63 

Edinburg.--.----------_---------.---.------- 63-64

Edwards limestone.__....._._.__.._ 4,5,6

Elsa .. . -.. . 64-65

Falfurrias-------- - ------ ----------- 28-30

Falls City 75-76

Fentress._.________.__...___ 31 

Floresville--------------------------------- 108

Geologic structureGeorge West......

Gillett . .....

Goliad .......

79

Fowlerton.________.__________ 84 

Freer..____.______________.. 51-52

____________ 4

. . -. -. 84

. . . 76

 56

Goliad sand......--...---....-_-..--.-.--. 4,7,8

Gonzales--________._________ 57

Ground water, chemical character of_ __. 13

occurrence of..._ .___.__ 4-8

Harlingen...____________.___ 38-39

HebronviUe.- .__.__.......______ 70-72

Hondo.-.- ---.-..-.--....-.- ...... 86-87

Jourdanton .____...-- ..._-------- 18-19

Karnes City.-----------------------_---__---. 76-77

Kenedy.... ...... ......... 77-78

Kingsville.---------------------------------- 80-82

Kyle......... . . ...... - 60

La Feria. ... 39

La Pryor. 112

Laredo---.-----------------------------.- 104-106

Lissieformation..__........_____.__ 4,8

Lockhart.___________________ 31-32 

Los Fresnos _- - -__--------- 40

Luling .. ................ 32-33

Lyford.-------------------------------------- 107

Lytton Springs_-__------___.__.__ 33

McAllen........ 65-66

McMahan__----------_--------_-_- 35

Marion_--_______-____-____ 58 

Martindale_--.-..------_.--------__------ 34

Mathis 95

Maxwell------------------------------------ 34-35

Mercedes_--------- ------- - -------- 66

Mineral constituents in solution._. __.__ _ 9-12 

Mission.-.--___________-_-_____ 67 

Mount Selmanformation__-----------_.. 4,6,7

New Braunfels. ____- _---__-. 41-42

Nixon..- ..................... ... 57

Nordheim..___..---_-_.-----_---------- 45

North Pleasanton,-.----_--------------.-- 19-20

Oakville sandstone - 4,8

Odem. -_ -_-- - 95-96

Orange Grove.__ . - -------- 74

113
114 INDEX

Page 

Pearsall-.. _ 54-55

Pettus . . ~ 23-24

Pharr..-..- ............................... 67-68

Pleasanton... ._____...._._____ 20

Port Aransas.__..-__--..-_._ _. 90 

Portlsabel -- - - -- -- 40 

Port Lavaca --------- -- ----- 36

Poteet 20-21

Poth.-.. . . 108-109

Premont - -_------------------------_. 75

Raymondville_________......._.. 107-108

Refugio.. - - - 92

Rio Grande City--..--. .................. 98-99

Rio Hondo--.---..--------------.---------.. 40-41

Robstown___.__.__..-_______.- 90-91 

Rockport - 16-17

Roma. - 99-100

Range - - -------------------------- 78-79

Sabinal -.. __- 100-101

San Antonio. _-_____...______ 25-28 

San Benito__._____- .. .__._.. 41 

San Diego.-.-.------------------------------. 52-53

San Juan._________._..__....__ 68-69

San Marcos.----_..-...----..-...__._.. 61

.--_.- _-- -.--.---- _.__- 109-110

Page

Seadrift.--......---- - - 37

Seguin______-------- --.. --- 59

Sinton. ......_ 96-97

Stockdale -- 110

Surface water, chemical character of.. __.... 13-15

Taft....-. - 97-98

Three Rivers..--.--------------------------- 85

Trinity group------- - - ... 5

Uhlaad . 35-36

Uvalde -- - ----------- 101-102

Victoria.. ---- ---- 102-104

Waelder 58

Water quality, standards of _ . 12

Water supplies, sources of.--.- - 5-8

Water-bearing formations.- ---- .. ... 5-8

Weslaco . - - 69

Woodsboro---. ------------------------- 93

Yegua formation. 

Yorktown........

Zapata..... --- -- 110-111

o