Cite as 23 I&N Dec. 5 (BIA 2001) Interim Decision #3442 

In re Viralene GOOLCHARAN, Respondent 

In re Reagan GOOLCHARAN, Respondent 

File A73 536 444 - Newark 

File A73 536 443 

Decided February 1, 2001 

U.S. Department of Justice

Executive Office for Immigration Review 

Board of Immigration Appeals 

The regulatory deadline for filing a motion to reopen or motion to reconsider before the 

Immigration Judge is determined by the date on which the Immigration Judge entered a final 

administrative order, and the regulatory deadline is not affected by subsequent actions taken 

by the Immigration and Naturalization Service in the course of executing the Immigration 

Judge’s order. 

FOR RESPONDENTS: Natasha Samus, Esquire, New York, New York 

FOR THE IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE: Lisa M. Golub, 

Assistant District Counsel 

Before: Board Panel: HEILMAN, FILPPU, and MOSCATO, Board Members. 

MOSCATO, Board Member: 

The respondents appeal from the decision of an Immigration Judge to deny 

their motion to reopen deportation proceedings. The respondents argue that 

their motion was timely because it was filed within 90 days of the date of the 

final administrative order in their case, which they assert was the date that 

their period of voluntary departure expired. The appeal will be dismissed. 

I. BACKGROUND 

On April 30, 1997, the Immigration Judge found the respondents, who are 

mother and son, deportable as charged but granted them the privilege of 

voluntary departure under section 244(e) of the Immigration and Nationality 

Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1254(e) (1994). The respondents were given until 

December 31, 1997, to depart the United States voluntarily. 

On November 5, 1997, the lead respondent married a United States citizen, 

who filed separate visa petitions on the respondents’ behalf on December 20, 

1997. The petitions were approved on January 15, 1998, and March 13, 1998, 

after the respondents’ period of voluntary departure had expired. 

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On an undisclosed date, the respondents requested an extension of 

voluntary departure from the Immigration and Naturalization Service. On 

March 2, 1998, the Service denied the request but allowed the respondents 

until April 20, 1998, to depart the United States. 

Thereafter, on April 7, 1998, the respondents filed a motion to reopen with 

the Immigration Judge for the purpose of applying for adjustment of status. 

On April 30, 1998, the Immigration Judge ruled that the respondents’ motion 

to reopen was untimely because it was not filed within 90 days of their final 

administrative orders of deportation. 

On May 13, 1998, the respondents filed the instant appeal, arguing that the 

Immigration Judge miscalculated the filing deadline for their motion to 

reopen. The respondents maintain that the date of their final administrative 

order was the date that their period of voluntary departure expired, after 

having been reset by the Service. The respondents therefore contend that their 

motion is timely because it was filed within 90 days of that date.1 

The Service has not responded to the appeal. 

II. DISCUSSION 

The specific issue in this case is whether the deadline for a motion to 

reopen before an Immigration Judge is calculated from the grant or from the 

expiration of the period of voluntary departure. Also at issue is precisely what 

governmental action constitutes a “final administrative order” for purposes of 

calculating motion deadlines. For the reasons set forth below, we find that the 

date that an Immigration Judge’s order is entered fixes the deadline for filing 

a motion to reopen, and any decision by the Service in the course of executing 

that order does not affect the deadline.2 

The respondents maintain that their motion was timely because it was filed 

within 90 days of the final administrative decision in their case, which they 

identify as the date that their period of voluntary departure ended. The 

respondents’ argument implies that an order of deportation is not “final” until 

1 Although the respondents claim that their period of voluntary departure was extended, the 

only evidence they provide is a Notice of Action—Voluntary Departure (Form I-210) that 

expressly denied their extension request. At best, the notice appears to briefly reinstate their 

period of voluntary departure. However, because the situation is comparable for purposes 

of this decision, we will not take issue with the respondents’ characterization of these 

events. 

2 We note that, because the methodology for calculating the motion to reconsider deadline 

is essentially identical (with variations not pertinent to the discussion here), our holding 

applies to motions to reconsider before the Immigration Judge as well. See 8 C.F.R. 

§ 3.23(b)(1) (2000). 

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the period of voluntary departure expires and the Immigration Judge’s 

alternate order of deportation is activated. 

The motion regulations, however, clearly mark time according to the date 

that an order of deportation is issued, not the date that it goes into effect. 

Those regulations direct that a motion to reopen must be filed “within 90 days 

of the date of entry of a final administrative order of removal, deportation, or 

exclusion, or on or before September 30, 1996, whichever is later.” 8 C.F.R. 

§ 3.23(b)(1) (2000) (emphasis added). For aliens in deportation proceedings, 

orders of deportation are issued in the first instance by Immigration Judges. 

See 8 C.F.R. § 240.41 (2000). Although the regulations do not define the 

term “entry” vis-à-vis administrative orders, we find it reasonable to construe 

“entry” to refer to the date that a designated adjudicator renders a binding 

decision. Thus, in the respondents’ case, the Immigration Judge entered an 

order of deportation on April 30, 1997. 

The Immigration Judge granted the respondents voluntary departure with 

an alternate order of deportation. The regulations expressly provide that, for 

aliens in proceedings commencing prior to April 1, 1997, 

an order of deportation, including an alternate order of deportation coupled with an 

order of voluntary departure, made by the immigration judge in proceedings under 

8 CFR part 2403

 shall become final upon dismissal of an appeal by the Board of 

Immigration Appeals, upon waiver of appeal, or upon expiration of the time allotted 

for an appeal when no appeal is taken. 

8 C.F.R. § 241.31 (2000); see also section 101(a)(47) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 

§ 1101(a)(47) (Supp. V 1999) (stating that an order of deportation becomes 

final upon either a determination by the Board affirming the order below or 

the expiration of the time to appeal that order, whichever is earlier); 

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 

§ 440(b), 110 Stat. 1214, 1277 (adding section 101(a)(47) of the Act under the 

heading “Final Order of Deportation Defined”). The respondents, who were 

granted voluntary departure with an alternate order of deportation, did not 

appeal that order. Thus, the Immigration Judge’s order of April 30, 1997, fits 

squarely into the regulatory and statutory definition of a final order of 

deportation. 

There are a number of events in the course of immigration proceedings that 

have been argued to be “final” for the purpose of calculating motion 

deadlines, especially where voluntary departure is involved: the issuance of 

the Immigration Judge’s order, the execution of the order, the expiration of the 

time for appeal, the expiration of the time for voluntary departure, the grant 

of an extension or reinstatement of voluntary departure, and the expiration of 

3 Subpart E of part 240 applies to aliens in deportation proceedings that commenced prior 

to April 1, 1997. 

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that extension or reinstatement. However, only one of these events—the 

issuance of the Immigration Judge’s order—matters for purposes of the 

motion deadlines set forth at 8 C.F.R. § 3.23.4 Accordingly, both the 

expiration of voluntary departure and the grant of additional time for 

voluntary departure are inconsequential to the timely filing of a motion to 

reopen before the Immigration Judge. 

III. CONCLUSION 

Because the Immigration Judge entered a final administrative order of 

deportation on April 30, 1997, we look to that date to calculate the 

respondents’ 90-day deadline for filing a motion to reopen. The respondents’ 

motion was therefore due on or before July 29, 1997. The respondents did not 

file their motion until April 7, 1998. Their motion was untimely and therefore 

properly denied by the Immigration Judge. Accordingly, the respondents’ 

appeal will be dismissed. 

ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 

4 Because the respondents’ motion was before the Immigration Judge, we do not address 

whether a similar conclusion would be drawn in the context of motions before the Board. 

See 8 C.F.R. § 3.2 (2000). We are constrained to note, however, that although the 

regulations for motions before the Board and motions before Immigration Judges are not 

identical, the language is markedly parallel and presumably operates in the same fashion. 

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