IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION II

HEALTH PROS NORTHWEST, INC., a 

Washington corporation,

No. 52135-1-II

Appellant/Cross-Respondent,

v.

THE STATE OF WASHINGTON and its 

DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,

PUBLISHED OPINION

Respondent/Cross-Appellant.

CRUSER,J. — Health Pros Northwest Inc. (HPNW) brought action against the Department 

of Corrections (DOC) for violations of the Public Records Act (PRA), ch. 42.56 RCW. In its 

timely initial response to HPNW’s PRA request, the DOC stated that it would provide at a later 

date an estimate for when the first installment of records would be produced. HPNW asserted that 

the DOC’s response violated former RCW 42.56.520(3) (2010). The superior court ruled that 

former RCW 42.56.520(3) did not require an agency to provide an estimate of when it will finish 

producing records responsive to a request. However, the court further ruled that the DOC’s initial 

response did not comply with former RCW 42.56.520(3) because the agency did not provide 

HPNW with an estimated date on which the agency would begin producing records. HPNW 

appealed and the DOC cross appealed. 

We hold that (1) former RCW 42.56.520(3) required an agency to provide an estimate of 

when it would provide the first installment of records, not when it would fully respond to the 

Filed

Washington State

Court of Appeals

Division Two

September 17, 2019
No. 52135-1-II

2

request and (2) an agency’s response that states only a date by which the agency will give an 

estimate for when the first installment of records will be produced does not comply with former 

RCW 42.56.520(3). Accordingly, we affirm.

FACTS

I. REQUEST FOR RECORDS

On February 10, 2017, HPNW submitted a public records request to the DOC. HPNW 

requested categories of records related to a contract HPNW entered into with the DOC. The 

request was three pages long and contained 18 parts, including multiple subparts. 

On February 15, the DOC sent HPNW an e-mail with its initial response to the request. 

This e-mail acknowledged receipt of the request and provided the DOC’s interpretation of the 

request. The DOC did not provide a date on which it would produce the requested records. 

Instead, the DOC stated it “will respond further as to the status of your request within 45 business 

days, on or before April 20, 2017.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 25. 

II. FIRST INSTALLMENT

On April 11, the DOC sent HPNW an e-mail with the cost for the first installment of 

records. That same day, HPNW mailed the payment to the DOC. HPNW’s attorney also 

responded to the DOC’s e-mail and asked how many installments the DOC expected to produce 

and when the DOC expected to produce each installment. The DOC responded, 

(1) It is unknown how many installments there will be. Due to the large and 

complex nature of this request, [we] anticipate there will be easily over 10 

installments, but that is simply a “guess-timate.” 

(2) How our process works is, we offer one installment at a time. The Specialist 

does not continue to work on the request until payment for that installment 

is received.

CP at 31. 
No. 52135-1-II

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HPNW responded to this e-mail by stating that the agency’s answer was “not within the 

letter of [sic] spirit of the Open Public Records Act.” CP at 29. HPNW asserted that the agency 

is required to provide the requestor a reasonable estimate of when the agency would completely 

respond to the request. HPNW also requested that to the extent the DOC would require more than 

an additional 45 days to fully respond, the agency should “provide a full and complete explanation 

based in specific evidentiary facts why such an extraordinary response time is required.” CP at 

30. In response, the DOC informed HPNW that it may appeal the agency’s response to its request. 

On April 17, the DOC provided HPNW with the first installment of the requested records, 

which contained 673 pages of responsive documents. The DOC informed HPNW that “[s]taff 

[will] continue to gather and review records responsive to your request” and that the DOC will 

“follow up with you within 40 business days, on or before, June 12, 2017.” CP at 36. After 

receiving the DOC’s letter, HPNW sent an e-mail asking how the DOC’s response time complied 

with the statutory obligation to provide a prompt response. In an e-mail, the DOC Public Records 

Specialist explained that her current caseload has over 100 requests and that she could not stop 

working on other requests to get to HPNW’s request. 

III. COMPLAINT

On May 2, HPNW filed a complaint in superior court, asking the court to find that the DOC 

violated former RCW 42.56.520 (2010) in its initial response to HPNW. HPNW also asked the 

court to determine whether the DOC’s time estimate was “reasonable” and if the court found the 

estimate was unreasonable, to enter an order declaring what time estimate was reasonable. 
No. 52135-1-II

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After being served with the complaint, the DOC continued to produce installments of 

records. On May 30,1the DOC produced the second installment of 1,633 pages of documents. On 

July 3, the DOC produced the third installment of 9,119 pages of documents. On August 22, after 

HPNW had filed its opening brief below, the agency produced a fourth installment of 4,306 pages 

of documents. The DOC asserted in its response brief below that it had provided HPNW 15,531 

pages and that the DOC had approximately 350,000 additional pages to review. 

IV. HEARING

On September 8, the superior court held a hearing on two issues: (1) whether the DOC 

initially responded to HPNW’s request as required by former RCW 42.56.520, and (2) whether 

the DOC was required to provide a reasonable estimate of the time it would need to fully respond 

to the request in order to have complied with its obligation to provide a reasonable estimate of the 

time required to respond within the meaning of former RCW 42.56.550 (2011). 

The superior court ruled that the DOC’s initial response did not comply with former RCW 

42.56.520(3) because it did not provide HPNW with an estimated date on which the agency would 

begin producing records. The court entered the following declaratory judgment: 

The Court DECLARES that [former] RCW 42.56.520(3), as construed by the Court 

of Appeals in Hobbs v. State, 183 Wn. App. 925, 335 P.3d 1004 (2014), only 

requires an agency to provide an estimate of when it will produce its first 

installment of records responsive to the public records request, and does not require 

the agency to produce an estimate of when it will finish producing records 

responsive to such a request, such that the Court has no jurisdiction to compel the 

agency to provide such an estimate.

 

1 The court’s findings of fact state that the agency produced a second installment on May 22, but 

the record reflects that this occurred on May 30. 
No. 52135-1-II

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CP at 251. And the court concluded that the DOC had acted with reasonable diligence in response 

to HPNW’s request. 

The parties stipulated and agreed that HPNW should be awarded $10,000 in attorney fees

for the violation found by the superior court. Thus, the superior court awarded HPNW $10,000 in 

attorney fees and $212.50 in costs. 

HPNW appealed and the DOC cross appealed.2 

ANALYSIS

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

“Judicial review of all agency actions taken or challenged under RCW 42.56.030 through 

42.56.520 shall be de novo.” Former RCW 42.56.550(3). The resolution of the issue in this case 

involves statutory interpretation. “When interpreting a statute, our primary duty is to give effect 

to the legislature’s intent.” Yousoufian v. Office of Ron Sims, 152 Wn.2d 421, 437, 98 P.3d 463 

(2004). In interpreting a statute, we first look at the statute’s plain meaning. Fisher Broad.-Seattle 

TV LLC v. City of Seattle, 180 Wn.2d 515, 527, 326 P.3d 688 (2014). We give effect to a statute’s 

meaning if the meaning is plain on its face. Yousoufian, 152 Wn.2d at 437. In determining the 

plain meaning, we consider “‘all that the Legislature has said in the statute and related statutes 

which disclose legislative intent about the provision in question.’” Fisher, 180 Wn.2d at 527 

(quoting Dep’t of Ecology v. Campbell & Gwinn, LLC, 146 Wn.2d 1, 11, 43 P.3d 4 (2002)). 

 

2 The parties sought direct review in the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court transferred the case 

to this court. See Order transferring to Division Two, Health Pros Northwest, Inc. v. State, No. 

95109-8, (Wash. July 11, 2018).
No. 52135-1-II

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However, when a statute is ambiguous we look to principles of statutory construction, 

legislative history, and relevant case law to provide guidance in interpreting it. Yousoufian, 152 

Wn.2d at 434. A statute is ambiguous if it is amenable to more than one reasonable interpretation. 

Id. at 433. 

II. REASONABLE ESTIMATE TO RESPOND

HPNW argues that former RCW 42.56.520(3) required an agency responding to a public 

records request to provide an estimate of when it expects to “fully respond to a public records 

request.” Br. of Appellant at 4. HPNW acknowledges the authority contrary to its position, 

specifically Hobbs, and asks us to reach a decision contrary to our decision in that case. As a 

result, HPNW contends that the superior court erred in its reliance on Hobbs in ruling that former 

RCW 42.56.520(3) did not require the agency to produce an estimate of when it will finish

producing records. We disagree and continue to follow the holdings in Hobbs and Hikel v. City of 

Lynwood, 197 Wn. App. 366, 389 P.3d 677 (2016). 

A. PRINCIPLES OF LAW

Former RCW 42.56.520 required, in relevant part,

Responses to requests for public records shall be made promptly by agencies. . . . Within 

five business days of receiving a public record request, an agency . . . must respond by 

either (1) providing the record; (2) providing an internet address and link on the agency’s 

web site to the specific records requested, except that if the requester notifies the agency 

that he or she cannot access the records through the internet, then the agency must provide 

copies of the record or allow the requester to view copies using an agency computer; (3) 

acknowledging that the agency . . . has received the request and providing a reasonable 

estimate of the time the agency . . . will require to respond to the request; or (4) denying 

the public record request. 
No. 52135-1-II

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(Emphasis added.)3

If necessary, an agency can make public records available “on a partial or installment basis 

as records that are part of a larger set of requested records are assembled or made ready for 

inspection.” Former RCW 42.56.080 (2016). 

Former RCW 42.56.550(2) provided in relevant part, 

Upon the motion of any person who believes that an agency has not made a 

reasonable estimate of the time that the agency requires to respond to a public 

record request, the superior court in the county in which a record is maintained may 

require the responsible agency to show that the estimate it provided is reasonable. 

The burden of proof shall be on the agency to show that the estimate it provided is 

reasonable. 

B. PLAIN MEANING OF FORMER RCW 42.56.520(3)

1. HOBBS AND HIKEL 

HPNW argues that former RCW 42.56.520(3), which stated that an agency must provide 

“a reasonable estimate of the time the agency . . . will require to respond to the request,” required 

the DOC to provide an estimate of when the production of the records requested in this case would 

be complete. (Emphasis added.) In Hobbs, we addressed this same issue of

whether RCW 42.56.520 requires an agency to respond to a public records request 

by providing a reasonable estimate of when the agency will be able to provide the 

completed response to the request, or whether it is sufficient for the initial response 

 

3 The legislature amended former RCW 42.56.520 in July 23, 2017. LAWS OF 2017, ch. 303, § 3. 

The amended statute adds that an agency may respond by 

[a]cknowledging that the agency, the office of the secretary of the senate, or the 

office of the chief clerk of the house of representatives has received the request and 

asking the requestor to provide clarification for a request that is unclear, and 

providing, to the greatest extent possible, a reasonable estimate of the time the 

agency, the office of the secretary of the senate, or the office of the chief clerk of 

the house of representatives will require to respond to the request if it is not 

clarified.

RCW 42.56.520(1)(d). 
No. 52135-1-II

8

to include only a reasonable estimate of the time it will take the agency to produce 

the first installment of responsive records.

183 Wn. App. at 942. Hobbs explained that there are two ways for an agency to respond to a 

request: (1) by making “the records available for inspection or copying” or (2) by responding by 

“including an explanation of the exemption authorizing the agency to withhold the records.” Id. 

Hobbs additionally noted that under RCW 42.46.080, an agency is allowed to produce records on 

a “‘partial or installment basis.’” 183 Wn. App. at 942. Hobbs rejected Hobbs’s interpretation of 

former RCW 42.56.520 as requiring the agency to provide an estimate of the reasonable amount 

of time needed to complete a request, stating that it would not add words to the statute. 183 Wn. 

App. at 942. Thus, Hobbs held that the agency complied with the plain language of former RCW 

42.56.520 because the agency gave a reasonable estimate of the time required to provide the first 

installment of records. 183 Wn. App. at 942. 

Here, HPNW contends that Hobbs is flawed because the most natural reading of former 

RCW 42.56.520(3) is that an agency was required to provide a reasonable estimate of the time 

needed to complete the request. Moreover, HPNW asserts that while the court in Hobbs criticized 

Hobbs for adding the word “fully” in the statute, the Hobbs court then added the word “initially” 

before the word “respond” in its interpretation of the statute. Thus, HPNW argues that Hobbs is 

subject to the same criticism that the court directed at Hobbs. 

However, the court in Hobbs held that an agency’s response, providing a reasonable 

estimate of the time it will take to produce the first installment of records, was sufficient to comply 

with former RCW 42.56.520. 183 Wn. App. at 942. And Hobbs did not hold that the production 

of records in installments was the only way an agency could respond. Id. at 942-43. Instead, 

Hobbs held that the agency complied with the plain language of former RCW 42.56.520, which 
No. 52135-1-II

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“require[d] that the agency provide a reasonable estimate of the time required to respond to the 

request.” 183 Wn. App. at 942. Therefore, we reject HPNW’s argument that the court’s 

interpretation in Hobbs added words to the statute and we continue to follow our decision in Hobbs. 

Likewise, in Hikel, five days after a public records request was made, the agency 

acknowledged receipt of the request and asked for clarification. 197 Wn. App. at 370. Hikel 

argued that the agency violated the PRA because it did not provide him with a reasonable estimate 

of the time it would take to respond to the request. Id. at 372. The Hikel court concluded that “[a] 

response that does not either include access to the records or deny the request must contain the 

agency’s estimate of the time it will take to respond.” Id. at 373. The court held that the request 

for clarification was deficient because it did not contain a time estimate of when the agency would 

respond. Id. at 373-74. Furthermore, the court rejected Hikel’s argument that the agency violated 

the PRA by not providing an estimate of when Hikel would receive all of the requested documents. 

Id. at 375-76. The court followed Hobbs and said that the requestor’s interpretation would add 

language to the statute. Id. at 376. 

After the Hikel decision, the legislature amended former RCW 42.56.520 and added a fifth 

option for how an agency may respond. LAWS OF 2017, ch. 303, § 3. The amended statute states 

that an agency may acknowledge that it has “received the request and ask[] the requestor to provide 

clarification for a request that is unclear, and provid[e], to the greatest extent possible, a reasonable 

estimate of the time the agency . . . will require to respond to the request if it is not clarified.” 

RCW 42.56.520(1)(d). However, the legislature did not amend the statute to add that the agency 

must give an estimate of the time it would take to “fully” respond to the request. 
No. 52135-1-II

10

We “presume[] that the legislature is aware of judicial interpretations of its enactments and 

takes its failure to amend a statute following a judicial decision interpreting that statute to indicate 

legislative acquiescence in that decision.” City of Federal Way v. Koenig, 167 Wn.2d 341, 348, 

217 P.3d 1172 (2009); see State v. Ervin, 169 Wn.2d 815, 826, 239 P.3d 354 (2010). Here, the 

legislative amendments made after Hikel favors the conclusion that the legislature did not intend 

to require that the agency provide a reasonable estimate of the time needed to fully respond to the 

request. 

2. MODEL RULES

The legislature has directed the attorney general to adopt model rules on public records 

compliance. Former RCW 42.56.570(2) (2007). The attorney general’s model rules for processing 

PRA requests are found in former WAC 44-14-04003 (2007). HPNW relies on former WAC 44-

14-04003(4)(b) in support of its claim that an agency must provide a reasonable estimate of when 

it will “fully respond” to a request. Br. of Appellant at 19 (alteration in original). Former WAC 

44-14-04003(4)(b) did, indeed, suggest that an agency should provide a reasonable estimate of the 

time it will require to “fully respond” to a PRA request:

Within five business days of receiving a request, an agency must provide an initial 

response to requestor. The initial response must do one of four things: 

(a) Provide the record; 

(b) Acknowledge that the agency has received the request and provide a 

reasonable estimate of the time it will require to fully respond; 

(c) Seek a clarification of the request; or 

(d) Deny the request.

Former WAC 44-14-04003(4) (emphasis added).

Notably, former WAC 44-14-04003 was amended and the model rule now suggests that an 

agency should, in its initial response:
No. 52135-1-II

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(a) Provide the record;

(b) Acknowledge that the agency has received the request and provide a

reasonable estimate of the time it will require to further respond;

(c) Seek a clarification of the request and if unclear, provide to the greatest 

extent possible a reasonable estimate of time the agency will require to respond to 

the request if it is not clarified; or

(d) Deny the request. RCW 42.56.520. An agency’s failure to provide an 

initial response is arguably a violation of the act.

WAC 44-14-04003(5) (emphasis added).

Further, “[t]he model rules, and the comments accompanying them, are advisory only and 

do not bind any agency.” Former WAC 44-14-00003 (2006); see Mitchell v. Dep’t of Corr., 164 

Wn. App. 597, 606, 277 P.3d 670 (2011). We additionally note that the attorney general’s office 

has since amended former WAC 44-14-04003 and deleted the word “fully” and replaced it with 

“further,” which supports the conclusion that an agency is not required to provide an estimate for 

the completed response to a request. Therefore, we do not rely on the model rules because they 

are advisory only. Former WAC 44-14-00003. 

3. PUBLIC RECORDS ACT DESKBOOK

HPNW also relies on Washington’s Public Records Act Deskbook guide to argue that 

former RCW 42.56.520 required an agency to provide a reasonable estimate of when it will fully 

respond to the request. The Deskbook states, 

The agency must provide its initial response within five days. When the 

agency cannot complete its response within that five-day period and needs no 

clarification, the agency can take a “reasonable” amount of time to complete the 

request, but must provide this “reasonable” time estimate to the requestor.

. . . . 

The reasonable time estimate should include both the date of the first 

installment, if there will be installments, and the date the agency estimates the 

request will be completed. 
No. 52135-1-II

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Public Records Act Deskbook: Washington’s Public Disclosure and Open Public Meetings Laws

§ 6.5, at 6-22 (2d ed., 2014).

The guide suggests that an agency must provide two estimates: (1) the date of the first 

installment, and (2) the date the request will be completed. Public Records Act Deskbook, supra.

However, the plain language of former RCW 42.56.520(3) requires only “a reasonable estimate of 

the time the agency . . . will require to respond to the request.” It does not require two estimates. 

We do not follow the Deskbook because it is not binding authority and the Deskbook’s 

interpretation is not supported by the plain language of former RCW 42.56.520. 

4. LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE

HPNW argues that the legislature’s purpose of ensuring that agencies provide “prompt” 

responses can only be served by a statutory construction requiring the agency to provide an 

estimate of the time required to produce all responsive records. We disagree. 

Former RCW 42.56.550(3) required that courts “take into account the policy of [the PRA] 

that free and open examination of public records is in the public interest, even though such 

examination may cause inconvenience or embarrassment to public officials or others.” Former 

RCW 42.56.080 mandated that agencies, upon request, make public records “promptly” available. 

Former RCW 42.56.520(1) further provided that responses to requests “shall be made promptly 

by agencies.” 

HPNW relies on former RCW 42.56.550(2), which is a closely related statute that used the 

same language as former RCW 42.56.520(3) that states a “reasonable estimate of the time the 

agency . . . require[s] to respond to the request.” Former RCW 42.56.550(2) provided, 

Upon the motion of any person who believes that an agency has not made a 

reasonable estimate of the time that the agency requires to respond to a public 
No. 52135-1-II

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record request, the superior court in the county in which a record is maintained may 

require the responsible agency to show that the estimate it provided is reasonable. 

The burden of proof shall be on the agency to show that the estimate it provided is 

reasonable. 

(Emphasis added.) 

HPNW argues that its construction of former RCW 42.56.520(3) as requiring the agency 

to provide an estimate of the time it requires to fully respond to the request harmonizes both former 

RCW 42.56.520(3) and former RCW 42.56.550(2). HPNW asserts that the legislature, through 

these two statutes, has required agencies to provide requestors with an estimate of the time it will 

take to fully respond to the request and has given court authority to review whether the agency’s 

estimate of the time required to fully respond to the request is reasonable. 

“As a policy matter, the purpose of the PRA is best served by communication between 

agencies and requesters.” Hobbs, 183 Wn. App. at 941 n.12. The operative word in former RCW 

42.56.550(2) is “reasonable” and not “prompt” or “immediate.” Additionally, legislative 

amendments made to former RCW 42.56.520(2) following Hikel recognized that additional time 

may be required to respond to a request “based upon the need to clarify the intent of the request, 

to locate and assemble the information requested, to notify third persons or agencies affected by 

the request, or to determine whether any of the information requested is exempt and that a denial 

should be made as to all or part of the request.” Therefore, we reject HPNW’s arguments. 

5. “JURISDICTIONAL” GAP

HPNW also argues that our interpretation in Hobbs results in a “‘jurisdictional gap.’” Br. 

of Appellant at 24; Appellant’s Reply Br. at 15. HPNW says that under our construction in Hobbs, 

the court has authority to review only the agency’s estimate of the time the agency required to 

produce its initial installment of records. Therefore, HPNW argues that the courts then lose 
No. 52135-1-II

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jurisdiction under former RCW 42.56.550(2) to review the pace at which an agency is responding 

to a public records request because review is limited to the initial installment. HPNW claims that 

the courts reacquire jurisdiction only under former RCW 42.56.550(1) once the agency takes final 

agency action. We disagree because former RCW 42.56.550(2) allowed a requestor to challenge 

an agency’s “estimate of the time that the agency requires to respond” in court and permitted courts 

to require an agency to show that its estimate was reasonable. 

As an initial matter, we address the claim that the issue is one of “jurisdiction.” HPNW 

used the term “jurisdiction” below, and the superior court adopted that framing by saying, “[T]he 

Court has no jurisdiction to compel the agency to provide such an estimate” in its written ruling. 

CP at 251 (emphasis added). However, HPNW has not shown that this issue is jurisdictional. 

“‘Subject matter jurisdiction’ refers to a court’s ability to entertain a type of case, not to its 

authority to enter an order in a particular case.” In re the Marriage of Buecking, 179 Wn.2d 438, 

448, 316 P.3d 999 (2013). “[I]f a court can hear a particular class of case, then it has subject matter 

jurisdiction.” Id. 

HPNW’s true complaint seems to be that the superior court, relying on Hobbs, held that it 

did not have the authority under former RCW 42.56.520(3) to compel the agency to provide an 

estimated date on which the PRA request would be fully completed. This argument is more fairly 

characterized as an error of statutory interpretation. That is not the same as the court lacking 

subject matter jurisdiction over actions brought under the PRA. It appears, rather, that the terms 

“jurisdiction” and “jurisdictional” were used improperly in the proceedings below. Therefore, we 

review this claimed error as one of statutory interpretation rather than one of jurisdiction. 
No. 52135-1-II

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The plain language of former RCW 42.56.550(2) did not limit a court to reviewing only an 

agency’s initial estimate. Instead, it stated, 

Upon the motion of any person who believes that an agency has not made a 

reasonable estimate of the time that the agency requires to respond to a public 

record request, the superior court in the county in which a record is maintained may 

require the responsible agency to show that the estimate it provided is reasonable.

Former RCW 42.56.550(2).

The plain language of former RCW 42.56.550(2) applied to all time estimates and not just 

the estimate for the initial installment.4 

Here, the superior court’s conclusions of law show that it also recognized that “the agency 

conceded that the Court is entitled to review the diligence with which the agency is producing 

records in response to the public records request.” CP at 249. The superior court concluded, 

“[T]hus far, the agency is acting diligently in response to Health Pros Northwest, Inc.’s public 

records request.” Id. The court’s oral ruling also suggested that the court considered the agency’s 

entire response, including its response after the first installment. Thus, we hold that there is no 

“jurisdictional gap” created by interpreting former RCW 42.56.520(3) as not requiring an agency 

to give an estimate of the time it will need to fully respond to a PRA request. 

In conclusion, we reject HPNW’s arguments and hold that the superior court correctly 

applied former RCW 42.56.520(3) when it concluded that the DOC was not required to include an 

estimate of when it will fully respond to the request in its initial response to a PRA request. It is 

 

4 The DOC conceded during oral argument that the agency has to give an estimate for each 

installment. Wash. Court of Appeals oral argument, Health Pros Northwest, Inc. v. State of 

Washington, No. 52135-1-II (June 24, 2019), at 12 min., 6 sec.-51 sec. We do not address this 

further because it was not briefed by the parties or raised as an issue. 
No. 52135-1-II

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sufficient under the plain meaning of former RCW 42.56.520(3) for an agency to provide a 

reasonable estimate of the time it will take the agency to produce the first installment. 

III. NATURE OF THE DOC’S INITIAL RESPONSE

The DOC argues on cross appeal that the superior court erred in concluding that the DOC’s 

initial response to HPNW’s request violated former RCW 42.56.520(3). Here, the DOC responded 

to the request after five days by explaining, “[We] will respond further as to the status of your 

request within 45 business days, on or before April 20, 2017.” CP at 25. In essence, the DOC 

issued a nonresponse. The “response” did not include a record, a web link to a record, an estimate 

of the time needed to produce the record, a request for clarification, or a denial of its obligation to 

produce the record. Based on the DOC’s response, the DOC planned to provide one of those 

responses on April 20. 

The DOC contends that agencies could comply with former RCW 42.56.520(3) by 

acknowledging the records request and providing a reasonable estimate of time that it needed to 

further respond to the request. The DOC believes that the superior court’s interpretation of the 

statutory language was too narrow and ignores the other ways in which an agency may respond to 

a request. We conclude that the court did not err.

The DOC focuses on the meaning of the word “respond.” Former RCW 42.56.520(3). The 

DOC contends that the word “respond” is a technical “term of art” in the PRA and asks that we 

not interpret “respond” based on its ordinary definition. “In general, words are given their ordinary 

meaning, but when technical terms and terms of art are used, we give these terms their technical 

meaning.” Swinomish Indian Tribal Cmty. v. Dep’t of Ecology, 178 Wn.2d 571, 581, 311 P.3d 6 
No. 52135-1-II

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(2013). The dictionary defines “respond” as “to say something in return: make an answer.” 

WEBSTER’S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY 1935 (2002).

5

 

The DOC fails to support its claim that “respond” is a technical term of art with any 

reasoned argument, and its claim is conclusory. We decline the DOC’s invitation to treat 

“respond” as a term of art and instead employ the ordinary meaning of the word, which is to “make 

an answer.” WEBSTER’S, supra.

The DOC also contends that by informing HPNW that it would “respond further” to the 

public record request “within 45 business days” without providing the record, denying the request, 

or providing a reasonable estimate of the time it would need to make an answer to the request, it 

nevertheless complied with former RCW 42.56.520. CP at 25. The DOC misreads former RCW 

42.56.520. 

As noted above, former RCW 42.56.520 required an agency, within five business days of 

receiving a public record request, to respond to the request by providing the record or denying the 

request. Hobbs, 183 Wn. App. at 942. The statute further provided that in the event an agency 

could not make an answer to the request within five business days by doing one of those two 

things, the agency could provide a reasonable estimate of the time it required to respond to the 

request. Former RCW 42.56.520(3). The DOC contends that when the legislature permitted an 

agency to provide a reasonable estimate of the time the agency required to respond to the request, 

the legislature did not intend that to mean a reasonable estimate of the time the agency required to 

either provide the record or deny the request. Rather, the DOC claims that the statute permitted 

 

5 Later, in its reply brief, the DOC said that the ordinary dictionary definition of the word “respond” 

and the PRA use of the word “respond” as a term of art both support the DOC’s interpretation. 
No. 52135-1-II

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an agency to provide an estimate of the time it would need to provide a further estimate of the time 

required to either provide the record or deny the request. 

We disagree with the DOC. By either providing the records, providing an estimate of when 

the agency would provide records, or by denying the request, the agency makes an answer to the 

request. The DOC’s interpretation of the word “respond,” as allowing an agency to “respond” by 

saying it will respond to a request on a future specified date, is inconsistent with the plain meaning 

of the word “respond” because the agency is not providing an “answer” to the request. 

In determining the plain meaning, we consider, in addition to its ordinary meaning, “‘all 

that the Legislature has said in the statute and related statutes which disclose legislative intent 

about the provision in question.’” Fisher, 180 Wn.2d at 527 (quoting Dep’t of Ecology, 146 Wn.2d 

at 11). Related statutes provided that responses to requests “shall be made promptly by agencies.” 

Former 42.56.520; see former RCW 42.56.080. The DOC’s interpretation of the word “respond” 

would be inconsistent with the statute and related statutes because it would allow the agency to 

indefinitely postpone providing records. 

The DOC makes additional policy arguments that its interpretation of former RCW 

42.56.520(3) makes practical sense. The DOC argues that for larger public record requests, the 

agency may need additional time to locate records or determine whether records are exempt. Thus, 

the DOC asserts that its interpretation of former RCW 42.56.520(3) gives agencies flexibility to 

determine the appropriate response but still puts requestors on notice of when they will next hear 

from the agency. The DOC additionally argues that under the superior court’s interpretation, there 

is no way for an agency to comply with the statute if the agency does not know in five days whether 

or not it has responsive records. 
No. 52135-1-II

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We reject the DOC’s public policy arguments because the agency’s construction would 

allow the agency to indefinitely postpone requests by providing these nonresponsive responses. 

Thus, we hold that the agency’s initial response did not comply with the plain language of former 

RCW 42.56.520(3). Under former RCW 42.56.520(3) an agency had to at least give an estimate 

of when the first installment would be provided. We affirm the ruling of the superior court.

IV. ATTORNEY FEES

HPNW argues that it is entitled to reasonable attorney fees and costs under former RCW 

42.56.550(4) both before the superior court and on appeal. 

RAP 18.1(a) allows attorney fees and costs on appeal if authorized by statute. Former 

RCW 42.56.550(4) allowed the prevailing party against an agency in any action seeking the right 

to inspect or copy a public record or receive a response to a public record request to be awarded 

costs and reasonable attorney fees. Because HPNW prevailed in part at the superior court level, 

we affirm the superior court’s award of attorney fees and costs. However, because HPNW is not 

the prevailing party on appeal and because they did not request fees and costs as to the cross appeal, 

HPNW is not entitled to attorney fees and costs on appeal. See Sanders v. State, 169 Wn.2d 827, 

871, 240 P.3d 120 (2010). 
No. 52135-1-II

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CONCLUSION

We hold that former RCW 42.56.520(3) does not require agencies to provide an estimate 

of when the agency expects to fully respond to a public records request. We also hold that the 

DOC violated former RCW 42.56.520(3) in its initial response to HPNW. Accordingly, we affirm 

the superior court. 

CRUSER, J.

We concur:

MAXA, C.J.

LEE, J.