# Patent

## Title
Search engine for video and graphics with access authorization

## Abstract

A method of selecting graphic or video files having corresponding locators used to locate such graphic or video files using a computer. Identifiers are created by searching an area within a web page near a graphic or video file for searchable identification terms and searching an area within a web page near links to a graphic or video for searchable identification terms. The identifiers are stored in a database. User requests for graphic or video file content are received and the database of identifiers is searched to find graphic and video files corresponding criteria of the user. Graphic or video file content is then provided to the user.

## Background
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/021,478 filed Dec. 22, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/452,287 filed Nov. 30, 1999, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/110,299, all three of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to Internet search engines, and more particularly to a search engine for retrieval of video and graphics over the Internet.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Over the past few years, the amount of content available over the Internet has grown tremendously. Much of the Internet's content is distributed widely across many locations. Therefore, a search engine and/or navigator is required for meaningful retrieval of information. There are numerous search engines and navigators available to search for specific content on the Internet.
Current search engines and navigators are designed to search for text within the text contained in web pages or other files on the Internet or a written description of the web page to be located. A search engine stores the location of a given piece of information and various descriptions of the information in a database that is searchable by a user. Often, the information to be located is itself descriptive.
A search engine may rely upon the content providers to establish both the location of the content and descriptive search terms to enable users of the search engine to find the content. Alternatively, the process of search engine registration is automated. A content provider places a “meta-tag” into their web page or other content. The “meta-tag” contains keywords that a search engine can index the page location upon to enable searching. The “meta-tag” is not displayed by a page reader's web browser software.
A search engine may use a web crawler to search for content on the Internet. The web crawler automatically “spiders” through web pages by following every link from one web page to other web pages until all of the links are exhausted. As the web crawler spiders through pages, the web crawler correlates the descriptive tags on each page viewed with the location of the page to construct a searchable database.
Recently, advances in Internet access have enabled more users to create video and graphic content and to distribute that content over the Internet. Furthermore, video streams are becoming more and more common as a form of content on the Internet. As with text and file content, the increasingly large amount of video and graphic content is distributed widely across many locations, thus creating the need for a search engine and/or navigator for meaningful retrieval of information.
The need to be able to search for video or graphics will only continue to grow as streaming video becomes more available and popular over the Internet or similar information transferal systems, such as on-line services, Intranets, etc. Furthermore, as personal computers and other office or home equipment develop larger and larger memory and storage capacity, the storage of video streams will become even more common and the need for a video search engine (“VSE”) will increase.
Video and graphic content does not lend itself to easy searching because video and graphics often do not contain any text description that can be searched with a currently available navigator or search engine. Furthermore, there is no uniform format for identifying and describing a video or a graphic. Therefore, currently available search engines and browsers are inefficient and unusable for meaningful retrieval of video and graphic information over the Internet. There is currently no easy or direct way to search for a video or to search, display, select, or take action on, video streams. As the usage of video streams becomes even more common, there is a need for a centralized navigator and search engine for video streams.
One object of the present invention is to provide a search engine for graphics and video.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method of searching for graphic or video files having corresponding locators used to locate such graphic or video files using a computer. The method comprises creating an identifier of searchable file information from identifier information related to a graphic or video file and storing the identifier and the locator for the graphic or video file in a database. The method further comprises receiving search criteria, and searching the identifiers in the database in order to select content matching the request of the user. The results of the search are sent or displayed for the user. In another embodiment of the present invention, video and graphic content is provided to a user based on user submitted criteria.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, identifiers are created by searching an area within a web page near a graphic or video file and by searching an area within web pages near links to a graphic or video file for searchable identification terms.
The present invention provides a system for searching for graphic or video files having corresponding locators used to locate such graphic or video files. The system comprises a means for creating an identifier containing searchable file information from identifier information related to a graphic or video file. The system further comprises a database for storing an identifier, as well as an input for receiving search criterion from a user. The system uses a search engine to search the identifiers in the database. The system sends or displays the results of the search for the user.
These and other aspects of the present invention are more readily understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system utilizing a video search engine in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a process of content development, identifier creation, and search.
FIG. 3 illustrates a video frame with embedded identifier information in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a search process of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An overview of a video search engine (“VSE”) in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. The system of FIG. 1 comprises a content provider 10, a search engine 12, and a content viewer 14. The content provider, the search engine, and the content viewer, are coupled to each other via a remote communication interface 15. In the embodiment described, the remote communication interface comprises the Internet, although in alternative embodiments the remote communication interface comprises an Intranet, or other computer to computer interface. In the embodiment described, the content site, the search site, and the viewer site all comprise computers. In alternative embodiments, the content site, the search site, and/or the viewer site comprise set-top boxes. In another embodiment, one site may contain more than one of the viewer site, content site, and search site, such as one site containing both the viewer site and the search engine.
An overview of a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. The graphic or video content is created 16. Identifier information is inserted into the graphic or video file, or the area surrounding a graphic or video file link 18. The process receives searchable identifier information including the location of the file and creates an identifier entry in a storage device 20. The process receives a request for video or graphic content from a user 22. The process conducts a search for video or graphic content and displays the results to the user 24. The process provides numerous services on the selected video and graphic files to the user 26.
Graphic or video content is created using specialized software and hardware, as well as other equipment such as a camera. For example, a graphic may be created by scanning a picture with a scanner, or by creating a freehand drawing in a drawing program. A video may be created for example by using a digital video camera, or by digitizing analog video using a video capture board in a computer. As used herein the term video includes animation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the process for searching and manipulating video and graphic content over the Internet comprises a system of identifiers. An identifier is created for each graphic or video file from pieces of information herein called identifier information. As shown in the examples below, an identifier for a video file comprises one or more of the following: a text string or other searchable attribute of a whole, segment, frame, or sub element of a video. The identifiers are used to consistently identify a whole, segment, frame, or sub element of a video respectively. An identifier for a graphic file comprises a text string or other searchable attribute of the graphic file.
Examples of identifiers are shown below. Example 1 is a whole video identifier. Example 2 is a video segment identifier. Example 3 is a video frame identifier.
Example 1
A whole video identifier comprises one or more of the following:

    
    
        Format of video stream
        Size of video stream
        Play time of video stream (including number of frames)
        Whether or not sound is contained
        Date of creation
        Category of video stream
        Whether it requires conditional access or payment
        Text description of the video stream (This may also be broken down into additional fields including: content, author, director, year made, category, actor/actresses, owner, star rating, and parental control code.)
        Representative frame of the video stream
        Representative audio stream
        Number of identified segments in the video stream
        Number of identified frames in the video stream
        A unique ID
        Linking and other association information
    
    


Example 2
A video segment identifier comprises one or more of the following:

    
    
        Unique ID of the video stream to which it is a segment
        Segment sequence information (from frame x to frame y) which allows unique identification of the frame when used with the unique ID of the video stream
        Category of video segment
        Whether it requires conditional access or payment
        Text description of the video segment (This may also be broken down into additional fields including: content, author or director, year made, category, actor/actresses, owner, star rating, and parental control code.)
        Representative frame of the video segment
        Representative audio stream
        Number of identified segments in the video segment
        Number of identified frames in the video segment
        Linking and other association information
    
    


Example 3
A video frame identifier comprises one or more of the following:

    
    
        Unique ID of the video stream in which it is a frame
        Frame sequence information which allows unique identification of the frame when used with the unique ID of the video stream
        Category of video frame
        Whether it requires conditional access or payment
        Text description of the video frame (This may also be broken down into additional fields including: content, author or director, year made, category, actor/actresses, owner, star rating, parental control code.)
        Linking and other association information
    
    


In a preferred embodiment, the textual elements of the identifier are standardized to facilitate creation, searching and archiving. In additional embodiments, one or more of the textual elements of the identifier is in coded, compressed or encrypted form. Additionally, the textual elements in coded form utilize static and/or dynamic dictionaries.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the process for integrating identifier information into a video or graphic file is a part of the creation of the graphic or video file. The process is resident in the software or hardware used to create the content, and integrates identifier information into the graphic or video automatically as the video or graphic is saved to a storage device, such as a hard disk, optical disk, floppy disk or similar device.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a process for integrating identifier information into a video or graphic file is performed after the creation of the graphic or video. Already created graphic or video files are submitted to a process server along with desired identifier information and the files are modified with identifier information. The modified file is saved to a storage device, such as a hard disk, optical disk, floppy disk or similar device.
The process provides a means of attaching identifier information to a video in a manner that does not interfere with the viewing clarity of the video. In an embodiment of the present invention, the process integrates textual identifier information into the filename of the video stream or graphic file. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the identifier information is located in a part of the file that is not displayed by viewer software, such as at the beginning or the end of the file.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the textual identifier information 28 is embedded in each frame of a video, so that the video is identifiable to the accuracy of a frame. In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention the textual identifier information 28 is placed on the outside periphery of each frame of the video 30. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the placing of the identifier information is hidden by displaying the video stream within a graphically created frame 32 that overlaps the periphery of the video so as to obscure the identifier information placed in the periphery of the video. In another embodiment of the present invention a graphic file has textual identifier information placed on its periphery as done with a video stream above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the video content comprises a stream of packets containing the elements of the video. Each packet contains informational headers indicating the content contained in the packet. Identifier information is placed into informational packets that are located within a video stream. These informational packets contain headers identifying them as non-video packets. The information packets are not displayed by the video viewer, but are used by the identifier creation process to acquire identifier information for each whole, segment, or frame of the video.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the content comprises graphic or video files wherein the identifier information is not located inside of the file itself. To acquire identifier information, the process searches the content surrounding the graphic or video on the content provider's computer. The process also searches the content of a web page surrounding links to the graphic or video, or receives identifier information directly from the content provider. Alternatively, the identifier information is placed in a file accompanying the graphic or video file.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the process generates identifiers to be searched by automatically locating video streams or graphics on the web, reading any associated text surrounding any links to the video stream or graphic, and using the text to create an identifier or identifiers for a video or graphic file. The process also searches through web sites that contain video streams or graphics, and using pointers in such web sites that open or click to the video stream or graphic or web page containing the video stream or graphic, and “reverse locates” any text description of the video stream. Additionally, a database of links contained in a large number of other web sites from throughout the world wide web, such as a typical database created by a web spider or web crawler, is searched for other web pages with links to the video or graphics file. After generating an identifier, the process stores the identifier in a database. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the database is stored in a storage device, such as a hard disk, optical disk, floppy disk or similar device.
For example, when a link is used to open a video stream, the process automatically searches to find all of the web pages where the link is contained, whether from the same web site as the video or graphic file or other web site. Once a link to the graphic or video is found, the process searches in the “neighborhood” around the link to acquire relevant text information. The text in the “neighborhood” or area around the link is likely to contain descriptive and informational terms of interest. The closer to the link, the more likely the text is to contain relevant information. Text within the same paragraph, column, or general page area as the link, is likely to contain some information that can be placed into a searchable identifier. When more than one web page is found that contains links to the video or graphic, a comparison is performed on the “neighborhood” text from the various web pages and terms or phrases that appear on more than one web page. Such terms in common are given more weight in the identifier for the video stream. Further, the more of these web pages that include the same terms, the more weight is given to these terms in the identifier.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, text parsing techniques are used to identify relevant lines of text to incorporate into the textual description and other textual fields such as a date of creation, size, or category of the video in the identifier. Alternatively, keywords are used to locate and incorporate relevant information into the textual description and other textual fields in the identifier.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process solicits a user to submit information regarding a graphic or video file and then generates one or more tags to be inserted into the area surrounding the link to the graphic or video file. Currently, meta-tags exist for describing a page of content, but additional specialized tags may be created to contain identifier information for other specific types of content. Once the tags are inserted into the area surrounding the link, the automatic identifier creation process creates a searchable link to the video or graphic.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process solicits a user to submit information regarding a graphic or video file. Using the user provided information along with the location of the file, the process generates an identifier, and saves the identifier in a database. Alternatively, the process solicits a user to submit information regarding a graphic or video file and then generates a file that contains identifier information about the graphic or video file to accompany the graphic or video file.
An embodiment of the present invention allows a user to search through identifiers to locate one or more graphics or videos. The process locates and retrieves video and graphic files by searching through the identifiers in a database for desired attributes and uses the location information in the identifier to acquire the file.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, in response to a user request 34, the process generates a search screen 36 containing several fields, each for a different searchable attribute, prompting the user to specify the content of each attribute that they would like to search by. The process receives the user's search criteria 38 and then conducts a search of the various file identifiers in a storage device 40. The process generates a results page 42 listing matches to the user's search criteria. The results page comprises hotlinks to the graphic or video files, as well as descriptions and other attributes of the files.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the results page provides a link to a detailed information page 44. The process caches a portion of a video, or an attribute of the video, such as an audio segment, or at least one video frame or sub-frame, to enable a user to further identify content. Additionally, the process aggregates the identifiers for display to users on the detailed information page.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process assembles a “video guide” that comprises: a text description of a video, a URL or other location indicator for locating a whole, segment, or frame of a video, an audio sample from the video, and “teaser” frames or segments of a video to assist in the identification or promotion of a video. In an embodiment of the present invention, the “video guide” is resident on a central server, in a local unit, or a combination of both.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the “video guide” enables a user to locate, display, download, and record a selected whole, segment, frame, or sub-component of a video. Moreover, the “video guide” allows a user to conduct all of the above operations, as well as finding, selecting, grouping, erasing, concatenating, segmenting, and integrating a class of videos. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the “video guide” is a software, firmware, or hardware feature resident in a personal computer or similar device capable of storing video streams.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process integrates video or graphic information with a conditional access system or a payment system. The identifier for the video or graphic contains a field indicating whether there is a conditional access or payment system. If there is a conditional access or payment system, then the identifier contains information about the access site or payment system and/or a link to the access site or payment system. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process solicits the user for the authorization information or payment, and only upon proper authorization allows the user to access the video or graphic.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process integrates video stream information with television programs that are receivable on the same device enabling the video or graphic search. If there is a link to a television show, the identifier contains a link to that televisions show and conveys that information to a user. Additionally, the process enables the user to search for video streams and graphics using television links as a searchable attribute.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process integrates video stream information with other information, such as guides or lists of other items associated with the video stream. Items associated with the video or graphic include products, services, and web sites. Additionally, the process provides links to other information, whether or not that information is related to the video.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the process allows the user to customize, program, or set parameters for the usage of the process, such as smart agent filtering, a programmed search of certain types of video streams already in existence, and programmed “alert” searching for types of video streams coming into existence in the future. Additionally, the process provides a means of filtering, selecting or blocking whole video files, video segments, and video frames in accordance with user controls, such as the blocking of violence or nudity from a video.
The preceding description has been presented with reference to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings. Workers skilled in the art and technology to which this invention pertains will appreciate that alteration and changes in the described processes and structures can be practiced without departing from the spirit, principles and scope of this invention.
Accordingly, the present invention provides for a video search engine. Although this invention has been described in certain specific embodiments, many additional modifications and variations would be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. Thus, the present embodiments of the invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention to be determined by the claims supported by this application and their equivalents rather than the foregoing description.

## Claims

1. A method for retrieving graphic or video content, comprising:
automatically acquiring, without user input, searchable file information related to graphic and video files, the searchable file information comprising a field indicating whether each graphic or video file requires authorization to access;
creating one or more identifiers from the searchable file information; storing the one or more identifiers in a database;
receiving search criteria;
searching the searchable file information for matching searchable file information, wherein the matching searchable file information matches the search criteria;
identifying matching identifiers associated with the matching searchable file information;
providing access to graphic and video files associated with the matching identifiers that do not require authorization to access;
receiving a user selection of a particular graphic or video file, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does not require authorization to access;
receiving a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one or more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending; and
performing the file function in response to receiving the user instruction.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a listing of the graphic and video files associated with the matching identifiers.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a user selection of a particular graphic or video file from the listing of graphic and video files, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does require authorization to access; and
prompting a user to provide authorization information in response to receiving the user selection.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving authorization information from the user;
determining whether the authorization information received is proper; and
allowing the user to access the particular video or graphic file in response to determining that the authorization information received is proper.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one or more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending; and
performing the file function in response to receiving the user instruction.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a user selection of a particular graphic or video file from the listing of graphic and video files, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does require authorization to access; and
prompting a user to provide payment information in response to receiving the user selection.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving payment information from the user;
determining whether the payment information received is proper; and
allowing the user to access the particular video or graphic file in response to determining that the payment information received is proper.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one or more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending; and
performing the file function in response to receiving the user instruction.

9. A system that retrieves content comprising:
an input device configured to:
receive search criteria;
receive a user selection of a particular graphic or video file, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does not require authorization to access; and
receive a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one or more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending;
a first processor configured to:
automatically acquire, without user input, searchable file information related to graphic and video files, the searchable file information comprising a field indicating whether each graphic or video file requires authorization to access; and
create one or more identifiers from the searchable file information;
a database that stores the one or more identifiers;
a search engine that identifies the matching identifiers in the database that are created from searchable file information that matches the received search criteria; and
a second processor configured to provide access to the graphic and video files associated with the identified identifiers that do not require authorization to access and perform the file function in response to the input device receiving the user instruction.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first and second processor are the same.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the first and second processor are different.

12. The system of claim 9, further comprising a display component that displays a listing of the graphic and video files associated with the matching identifiers.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive a user selection of a particular graphic or video file from the listing of graphic and video files, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does require authorization to access; and
the second processor is further configured to prompt a user to provide authorization information in response to receiving of the user instruction.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive authorization information from the user; and
the second processor is further configured to:
determine whether the authorization information received is proper; and
allow the user to access the particular video or graphic file in response to determining that the authorization information received is proper.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending; and
the processor is further configured to perform the file function in response to receiving the user instruction.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive a user selection of a particular graphic or video file from the listing of graphic and video files, wherein the particular graphic or video file is associated with an identifier that does require authorization to access; and
the processor is further configured to prompt a user to provide payment information in response to receiving the user selection.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive payment information from the user; and
the processor is further configured to:
determine whether the payment information received is proper; and
allow the user to access the particular video or graphic file in response to determining that the payment information received is proper.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein:
the input device is further configured to receive a user instruction to perform a file function on the particular graphic or video file, wherein the file function comprises one more of viewing, saving, erasing, recording, downloading, and sending; and
the processor is further configured to perform the file function in response to receiving the user instruction.