SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 82 

A History of Botanical Exploration 

in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739-1988 

S.S. Renner 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

Washington, D.C. 

1993 
ABSTRACT 

Renner, S.S. A History of Botanical Exploration in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739-1988. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 82,39 pages, 1 map, 1993.-Information is provided 

on all individuals known to have collected botanical specimens in the eastern Ecuadorean 

lowlands below 600 m altitude from 1739 until 30 May 1988. This area belongs to the provinces 

Sucumbios, Napo, Pastaza, Morona-Santiago, and Zamora-Chinchipe and covers about 7 1 ,000 

km2. Besides biographical data, are included collecting dates and localities, herbaria containing 

the specimens, and pertinent references to publications by the collector, or about the collector or 

the expedition. The data are arranged alphabetically by collector, including cross references 

between main and secondary collectors. Altogether 205 collectors are treated. The total number 

of specimens gathered in the eastern Ecuadorean lowlands (excluding duplicates, including 

bryophytes and fungi) is around 61,000, i.e., about 86 per 100 km2, representing an estimated 

4000 species of vascular plants. An index to localities and a map provide general information on 

the main collecting regions. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf 

clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Renner, Susanne. 1954- 

A history of botanical exploration in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739-1988 

S.S. Renner. 

p. cm.-(Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 82) 

Includes bibliographical references and index. 

Supt. of Docs. no. SI 1.29: 

1. Botany-Ecuador-History. 2. Botany-Amazon River Region-History. 3. Plant collecting-EcuadorHistory. 4. Plant collecting-Amazon River Region-History. 5. Plant collectors-EcuadorHistory. 6. Plant collectors-Amazon River Region-History. 7. Scientific expeditions-EcuadorHistory. 8. Scientific expeditions-Amazon River Region-History. 1. Title. 11. Series. 

QK2 1.E23R46 I992 92-5840 581.9866'4-dc20 92-5840 

@ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American 

National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 239.48-1984. 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction ........................................ 1 

Acknowledgments ................................... 3 

Chronology of Botanical Exploration .......................... 3 

The Cryptogamic Flora .................................. 6 

Ethnobotanical Collecting in Amazonian Ecuador .................... 6 

Annotated List of Collectors ............................... 7 

Index to Localities .................................... 32 

Literature Cited ..................................... 35 

The Status of the Botanical Inventory of Amazonian Ecuador ............. 7 

... 

111 

A History of Botanical Exploration 

in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739-1988 

S.S. Renner 

Introduction 

In proportion to its area Ecuador is the floristically richest 

country in South America. This botanical wealth is undoubtedly due to the diverse ecological conditions created by the 

Andes, rising in Ecuador from sea level to nearly 6300 m 

altitude. The country accordingly has attracted the interest of 

numerous naturalists, many of whom crossed Ecuador on their 

way from Bogota to Lima or visited various ports of South 

America, including Guayaquil. Among the earliest were La 

Condamine and Joseph de Jussieu (174Os), Nee (a naturalist on 

the Malaspina expedition, visiting Guayaquil in October 1790 

(Madulid, 1989)). Tafalla (collecting near Guayaquil around 

1800), Humboldt and Bonpland (1 802), Barclay and Hinds 

(resident botanists on H.M.S. Sulphur collecting in Ecuador in 

1836 and 1838), Hartweg (itinerary: Bentham, 1839), Lehmann, Lobb (biography: Ewan, 1973), and Andre (itinerary: 

Smith, 1965), to name but a few. Darwin during his visit to the 

Galapagos Archipelago in 1835 collected numerous animals 

and also 209 plants (Wiggins and Porter, 1971). However, 

except for La Condamine and possibly Jussieu, all early 

exploration was confined to the coastal area and the western 

Andes. 

The botanical exploration of the much less visited eastern 

lowlands from the time of Condamine and Jussieu until May 

1988 forms the subject of the present work. Until a future 

publication on the collecting history of the entire country, this 

compilation may be useful in itself; at the same time it may 

serve as a basis for further investigations. To make this paper 

more generally useful I have prepared an index to the localities 

where plants have been collected and have cited relevant 

ethnobotanical and phytochemical literature or, occasionally, 

semi-popular travel accounts in addition to technical papers 

describing new species based on an author’s collections. The 

work of foresters, phytochemists, entomologists, ornitholoS.S. Renner, Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 

68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark 

gists, or anthropologists sometimes involves making herbarium 

collections and their material, though usually not widely 

distributed, is often interesting for its associated data and for 

otherwise unvisited localities. An effort has therefore been 

made to include all such work. In a few cases some information 

is also given on a collector’s activities immediately outside the 

eastern Ecuadorean lowlands, particularly when itineraries 

were contained in letters to me or were extracted from diverse 

published sources. The editors of the Flora of Ecuador, G. 

Harling and B. Sparre (volumes 1-24, until 1986) and G. 

Harling and L. Anderson (from volume 25 onward), from the 

start have encouraged the complete citation of a relatively large 

number of spec.imens, and an impression of who collected 

where and when in Ecuador may therefore be gained simply by 

going through the published volumes (1-39); I have reconstructed from cited specimens the itineraries of some important 

collectors like Spruce, Jameson, Isern, Rimbach, and Benoist. 

The eastern lowlands of Ecuador are herein defined as the 

area east of the Andes that lies below 600 m altitude (Map l), 

comprising a surface of about 71,000 km2. Politically these 

lowlands belong to the provinces Napo, Pastaza, MoronaSantiago, and Zamora-Chinchipe. (In January 1989 the 

Province of Nap0 was subdivided, with the southern portion 

retaining the name Napo. The northern part, comprising the 

cantones Gonzalo Pizmo, Lago Agrio, Shushufindi, Putumayo, and Sucumbios, now forms the Province Sucumbios, 

with Lago Agrio as its capital. Most of this history was 

prepared before that change, and all references to Nap0 refer to 

the province in its former boundaries.) In Ecuador the area east 

of the Andes is commonly referred to as “Oriente,” which, 

however, officially is thought of as including all land up to 

2000 m altitude and as comprising a surface of 134,760 km2. 

Administrators also sometimes define the lowlands as the area 

lying below 300 m altitude because fluvial transport stops at 

about that altitude. The 600 m contour line used herein to 

delimit Oriente has the advantage of appearing as a reasonable 

floristic delimitation since many species reach distributional 

limits at this elevation. Oriente has a population density of 

1 
2 SM ITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURE 1 .-Map of eastern Ecuador, including regions of particular botanical collecting. 

between 2 and 3 inhabitants per km2, including several 

relatively (!) large indigenous groups (see below, “Ethnobotanical Collecting”). 

Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru have changed; some stretches are 

still in contention. Until the 1820s the Presidency of Quito (La 

Provincia, or Real Audiencia, de Quito) was officially part of 

the Viceroyalties of New Granada and Peru. From 1821-1830 

Ecuador belonged to Gran Colombia, forming three DepartSince La Condamine’s times the boundaries between ments, the Dpto. de Guayaquil, the Dpto. del Ecuador, and the 

Dpto. de Azuay, the last comprising the entire area east of the 

Andes to the Maranon. After the separation from Colombia and 
NUMBER 82 3 

until the war with Peru in 1941, the Maranon (to its confluence 

with the Pastaza) remained the official southeastern Ecuadorean border. The origin of early collections from “Peruvia,” 

“Loxam Novogranatensium,” “Peruvia pastoensis,” “collibus 

siccis Peruviae,” or “Loja peruvianorum” obviously has to be 

determined in the context of the maps the respective collector 

is likely to have used. (Several useful reproductions of old 

maps may be found in the seven volume Historia del Ecuador, 

edited by J.S. Lara, 1981-1982). 

By far the most convenient fluvial route to the southeastern 

province of Maynas was (is) the Rio Bobonaza. From Banos

one traveled to Canelos where a Dominican mission had been 

established in 1581 and from there one continued down the 

Bobonaza (220 km) to the Pastaza on which one reached the 

Maranon, having passed Andoas. A more southern route down 

the Rio Chinchipe to the Maranon was taken by La Condamine. 

To reach the northern parts of the Amazonian lowlands the 

route Ambato-Banos-Mera-Puyo to Puerto Nap0 could be 

used, from where one traveled down the Rio Nap0 to Coca 

(Puerto Francisco de Orellana), passing Ahuano and Santa 

Rosa. Until the advent of petroleum exploration there were 

hardly 300 km of gravel roads reaching more or less far into the 

eastern lowlands and they were usually passable only in the dry 

season: the road from Quito ending at Baeza (99 km); the 

Ambato-Puerto Misahualli road (1 75 km); the Cuenca-Limon 

road (91 km); and the road across the Loja-Zamora pass (60 

km) leading down to lo00 m altitude and the headwaters of the 

Rio Zamora. Wallace, in a footnote to Spruce’s (1908:209) 

account of his travels in Ecuador during the years 1857-1 863, 

still asserted, “There is, in fact, not a single road in Ecuador.” 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-This paper originated as a byproduct of taxonomic work for the Flora of Ecuador and a 

checklist of eastern Ecuadorean flowering plants. I thank the 

curators of F, GB, MO, NY, QCA, S, SEL, and US for 

permission to consult specimens and also the numerous 

individuals who answered letters asking for information on 

their collecting. Special thanks are due to L. Anderson, L. 

Besse, S. Churchill, L. Dorr, G. Harling, E. Heinrichs, E.L. 

Little, Jr., D. Neill, B. Stahl, H. Balslev, J. Ewan, and J. 

Wurdack. Financial support to visit herbaria in Sweden, 

Ecuador, and the United States came from the Danish Natural 

Sciences Research Council and the Marie Selby Botanical 

Gardens (through a Visiting Scientist position). Letters 

received in connection with the current project are in my 

personal file and might be made available. I am grateful for all 

corrections and additions to the “List of Collectors.” 

Chronology of Botanical Exploration 

In this section I give a brief resume of the main phases of 

botanical exploration in eastern Ecuador. Apart from general 

works covering the zoological and botanical exploration of 

South America (e.g., Horn and Kahle, 1936; Pennell, 1945; 

Maguire, 1958; Papavero, 1971, 1973), there are two published 

sources for the history of collecting in Ecuador: Diels’ (1937) 

very useful list of collectors up to 1936 and a booklet by 

Acosta-Solis (1968). Wurdack (1964) discussed the botanical 

exploration of the Pongo de Manseriche region of the upper 

Maranon, and there are published biographical notes on a few 

of the early collectors like Spruce, Mexia, and Camp. 

The first naturalists to visit the eastem lowlands were the 

French botanist Joseph de Jussieu (1704-1779) and the 

geographer and naturalist Charles Marie de la Condamine 

(1701- 1774). La Condamine, descending the Rio Chinchipe, 

reached Jaen de Bracamoros in June 1743. From there he 

continued after a four-day walk to the port of Chuchunga (near 

the present-day town of Nazaret) on the Marnon to Borja, the 

capital of Maynas, and thence to the mouth of the Amazon, 

which he reached on the 27th of September (Wurdack, 1964; 

Latorre, 1988, reproduces Condamine’s map and discusses its 

cartographic significance). Whereas la Condamine made no 

botanical collections, his compatriot Jussieu, like so many 

others in Ecuador on the quest for quinine, already in 1739 

visited Loja to gather specimens that eventually found their 

way to Paris, where Alexander von Humboldt compared them 

with his own plants from the same locality (Steele, 1964). Most 

of Jussieu’s plants are from higher elevations but at least some 

seem to stem from lower slopes of the Rio Zamora valley. 

Almost 60 years later, in August 1802, Humboldt and 

Bonpland, coming across the Andes from Chontali, also 

reached the Rio Chinchipe near its junction with the Maranon. 

During 17 days Bonpland collected plants near Rentema before 

they continued to JaCn (Wurdack, 1964; Sandwith, 1968). 

The next to reach Ecuadorean Amazonia were Gaetano 

Osculati, William Jameson, and Richard Spruce. Osculati, an 

Italian naturalist traveling the world to collect insects, in 1847 

decided to follow the Rio Nap0 from its sources to its junction 

with the Amazon and thence on to BelCm. He arrived in Belem 

in March 1848. (Dates for his stays in Puerto Napo, Ahuano, 

Santa Rosa, and Coca are given by Papavero, 1973:343-347.) 

According to Steere (1 948b) Osculati collected a few mosses 

near Puerto Napo, where he had stayed at the house of Manuel 

Villavicencio, another avid insect and bird collector. Jameson, 

a Scot, was Professor of Chemistry and Botany at the 

Universidad Central in Quito from 1826 until 1873. From 

January to May 1857 he traveled to Tena, Archidona, Puerto 

Napo, Ahuano, Santa Rosa and back again (Jameson, 1858) but 

relatively few collections were made during that trip. In the 

same year Richard Spruce, coming up the Rio Bobonaza from 

Peru, reached Canelos, from where he continued over land to 

BaAos. Spruce collected a large number of mosses and hepatics 

near Pucayacu, just south of Canelos (Spruce, 1908: 102-163), 

and he considered the Montana de Canelos from the middle of 

the course of the. Bobonaza to the upper Pastaza valley at about 

1800 m altitude “the richest cryptogamic locality on the surface 

of the globe” (1908: 164-1 66). However, “the circumstances 

under which I traveled prevented me paying any attention to the 

phanerogamous plants nor did I throughout the journey see any 

large tree in flower, save two or three times a species of 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Laurel.” Just behind Canelos Spruce was forced to throw away 

the trunk with drying paper brought from Tarapoto, and on the 

way from Canelos to Banos he “could bring no plants along 

save a few mosses” (1 908:205). A single specimen from the 

Rio Bobonaza “s.n.” at Kew is cited in the Flora of Ecuador 

(13:375). 

Eight years later, from May to July 1865, the Spaniard Juan 

Isern y Battlo, a member of the Comision Cientifica del 

Pacifico (cf. Miller, 1968, which includes a map showing the 

South American phase of this extraordinary expedition), visited 

Archidona, Puerto Napo, and the slopes of the Volcan Sumaco, 

then continued down the Rio Nap0 to Coca. Isern’s plants were 

first studied by Jose Cuatrecasas (1935) who also researched 

Isern’s itinerary. At least 500 numbers were collected in the 

lowlands. 

Luigi or, in the Spanish form, Luis Sodiro (1836-1909), an 

Italian Jesuit and like Jameson Professor of Botany at the 

Universidad Central, is best known for his publications on the 

vegetation of Ecuador and on pteridophytes, Anthurium, and 

Piper. Though he collected extensively he apparently never 

reached the eastern lowlands (Stafleu and Cowan, 1976-1988; 

Nicolson, 1983; Croat, 1988). 

Several professional plant hunters, among them R. Pearce 

and G. Wallis working for the Veitch Tropical Nurseries of 

Exeter, came to Ecuador to find plants suited for horticulture. 

Richard Pearce collected in the Cuenca vicinity in 1862, Gustav 

Wallis along the banks of the Rio Zamora in 1876 or 1877. 

Wallis took mainly orchids and a few other beautiful plants like 

the melastome Monolena primulaejlora, described from a 

cultivated specimen he provided. Another professional plant 

collector, Hugo Poortman, working for E.F. Andre, seems to 

have collected in the same area in 1882. It is unclear how far 

into the eastern lowlands any of these men came. 

In 1894 the German expatriate August Rimbach, professor at 

the university in Cuenca, and his brother Karl descended the 

Rio Bobonaza to the Pastaza (Rimbach, 1897; Diels, 1937). 

They thus made the exact return journey of Spruce, but seem to 

have had better weather (cf. Wallace’s comment in Spruce, 

1908:135). Though Rimbach made at least 800 collections in 

Ecuador (distributed to many herbaria), only one specimen 

from the Rio Pastaza is cited in the Flora of Ecuador so far. 

In the twenties and thirties the botanical exploration of 

eastern Ecuador became slightly more intensive. Carlo Crespi, 

an Italian Salesian missionary, in 1924 collected ferns in the 

vicinity of Indanza down to elevations around 600 meters, and 

the French botanist Raymond Benoist, like several of the other 

early botanical explorers Professor at the Universidad Central, 

collected at least 650 numbers near Puerto Nap0 in 1931. In 

March and April 1935, the then 64-year-old American Ynes 

Mexia visited Canelos on the Rio Bobonaza and Puerto Napo, 

Tena, and Archidona in the Nap0 valley. From her Ecuadorean 

travels she brought back almost 2000 numbers, some 400 of 

them from the eastern lowlands. Simultaneously with Mexia, 

another woman, the 25-year-old gardener Erica Heinrichs 

collected for the Botanic Garden of Berlin-Dahlem near 

Archidona, Tena, and Nuevo Rocafuerte on the lower Nap0 

river, near Canelos and Sarayacu on the Bobonaza, and in the 

vicinity of MCndez and Macas in Morona-Santiago. Heinrichs 

stayed in Ecuador from 1932 to 1935, collecting lo00 numbers, 

usually with 12 duplicates; 245 of her collections were made in 

lowland Oriente. Also active during the 1930s were Arnold and 

Hertha Schultze-Rhonhof, an independent couple who during 

five years collected insects and plants in various parts of 

Ecuador, including the environs of Mera, Puyo, and Canelos. 

(They also visited the coastal plain and the northern Ecuadorean Andes near the Colombian border, but probably no 

specimens survive.) The Botanic Garden of Berlin-Dahlem 

received a total of 1497 numbers collected by the SchultzeRhonhofs, and at least some of this material has been saved; 

however, of the six sheets cited in the Flora of Ecuador 

(volumes 1-39) only two are extant (and housed in Berlin). 

Towards the end of the Second World War the U.S. 

Government organized surveys for high-quality sources of 

quinine, rubber, and timber in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru 

(Pennell, 1945; Steere, 1945a-c; Hodge 1948; Acosta-Solis, 

1951). To Ecuador came the botanists W.H. Camp, W.C. 

Steere, L.R. Holdridge, E.L. Little, F.M. Ownbey, G.W. 

Prescott, W.B. Drew, I.L. Wiggins, and J.A. Steyermark, and 

the ornithologist A. Skutch, among others. An Ecuadorean 

collaborator of the Cinchona mission was M. Acosta-Solis. 

Working until September 1945 (Balslev and Joyal, 1980) 

Wendell Holmes Camp and his assistants also made important 

collections in the lowlands, but because of Camp’s special 

interest in the Ericaceae, the vast majority of their material was 

gathered at higher altitudes. Among the most interesting plants 

of Camp’s team are those collected on the lower ridges of the 

Cutucu mountain range. The Cutucu area was later (in 1975) 

also visited by Elbert Little and his Ecuadorean collaborators 

Alberto Ortega, Alfred0 Samaniego, and Francisco Vivar, who 

concentrated on the trees of the area. Another botanist from the 

New York Botanical Garden, William C. Steere (1907-1989). 

during his first visit developed a life-long special interest in 

Ecuadorean mosses (Steere, 1948b). A comprehensive annotated catalog, including his personal collections from Ecuador, 

is in press. 

The foundation for the important contributions made by 

Scandinavian botanists to the exploration of Ecuador was laid 

by Nils Johan Anderson (collecting mostly in western Ecuador 

in 1852), Gustav Lagerheim (professor at the Universidad 

Central from 1889- 1892, collections mostly near Quito), and I. 

Holmgren and 0. Heilborn (1 9 19- 1921, mostly in the Andes). 

The farthest east Holmgren and Heilborn collected was along 

the Rio Verde near Banos. In the fall of 1939 another Swede, 

Erik Asplund, worked in the vicinity of Tena and Archidona 

and though relatively few of his collections were made below 

600 m altitude, his material is important in the context of 

floristic knowledge of the Oriente because of its outstanding 

quality. As his assistant, Asplund employed a citizen of Mera, 
NUMBER 82 5 

Manuel Lugo, who had already been working for the 

Schulze-Rhonhofs. Subsequently, Manuel Lug0 also worked 

for Gunnar Harling, and he and his son Holguer collected a total 

of over 6000 numbers, mainly trees from the Oriente. 

Gunnar Harling, then at the University of Stockholm, came 

to Ecuador towards the end of 1946 as member of a 

Finnish-Swedish Ethnographical expedition. This was headed 

by Rafael Karsten who, however, soon left, leaving Harling in 

charge. Harling returned to the Oriente in 1958-1959 and was 

one of the first botanists to collect along the Rio Nap0 down to 

Coca almost 100 years after Isem. After having moved to the 

University of Goteborg in 1963, he and B. Sparre from 

Stockholm began to make plans for a Flora of Ecuador. During 

a preparatory phase from 1968 on collaborators were found and 

an international editorial board established; the first volume 

appeared in 1973 (Harling, 1973). In Ecuador, Harling 

employed the Lugos as resident collectors and in Sweden he 

was instrumental in involving collaborators and students in the 

Flora of Ecuador project. Another early Swedish expedition 

was that of Folke Fagerlind and his student Per-Goran Wibom 

from the University of Stockholm, who collected near Puyo 

and Mera and on the lower Rio Nap0 between Tiputini and 

Lagartococha in 1952- 1953. 

Oil exploration in eastern Ecuador started in the 1940s and 

led to the gradual establishment of airstrips, roads, and other 

installations during the 1950s and early 1960s. When oil was 

finally discovered in Lago Agrio some 38 km from the 

Colombian border on 3 March 1967, large-scale exploration 

began and botanical exploration boomed; of the 118 main 

collectors almost 100 came after 1960. In 1968, L. HolmNielsen and S. Jeppesen, from the Botanical Institute of Aarhus 

University, conducted the first expedition to Ecuador by 

Danish botanists, collecting extensively also in eastern Ecuador 

(Holm-Nielsen and Jeppesen, 1968). Holm-Nielsen returned to 

Ecuador in 1973 (with S. Jeppesen, B. Lojtnant, and B. 

Ollgaard) and was professor at the Pontificia Universidad 

Catblica in Quito from 1979-1981, during which period he 

organized several expeditions to the Oriente with his students J. 

Jaramillo, F. Coello, R. Alarcon, R. Andrade, E. Azanza, and J. 

Brandbyge. The collaboration between the Botanical Institute 

in Aarhus and the P. Universidad Catolica continued. HolmNielsen was followed by H. Balslev (1981-1984), S. Laegaard 

(1984-1986), B.B. Larsen (1985-1986), P.M. Jorgensen 

(1986-1989), H. Borgtoft Pedersen (1989-1990), and B. 

Ollgaard (1990- ) as professors of botany at the Universidad 

Catolica, and numerous Ecuadorean and Danish students 

became involved in floristic and vegetation-analytical work, 

with eastern Ecuador being the main focus of attention. 

Particularly J. Brandbyge and E. Azanza brought back 

interesting collections from remote areas (see Table 1; at this 

writing A AU holds 92,000 specimens from the entire country). 

From 1970 to 1972 Bruce MacBryde was resident collector 

for the Missouri Botanical Garden in Ecuador and the -1500 

collections deposited by him and and his Ecuadorean wife 

TABLE I.--Collections of more than 300 numbers in lowland eastern Ecuador. 

Note that Spruce’s cryptogams from the Rio Bobonaza are not included here. 

Collectors 

~~~ ~ 

Asplund 

Baker, M. 

Balslev et al. 

Benoist 

Bohlin and Bohlin 

Brandbyge et al. 

Cazalet and Pennington 

Ceron et al. 

Davis and Yost 

Foster 

Gentry et al. 

Grubb et al. 

Harling et al. 

Holm-Nielsen et al. 

Irvine 

lsern 

Jaramillo et al. 

Korning and Thomsen 

Lawesson et al. 

Laessoe

Laegaxd 

Lojtnant and Molau 

Lug0 S., H. 

Luteyn et al. 

Macbryde et al. 

Mexia 

Miller et al. 

Mowbray 

Neil1 et al. 

Ollgaard et al. 

Palacios et al. 

Pinkley 

Sparre 

Valencia et al. 

Wiehler 

Zaruma et al. 

Number 

-400 

1800 

1890 

862 

4265 

350 

5000 

370 

329 

-650 

-1403 

-3000 (mostly sterile) 

1947 

3044 

1147 

-500 

1749 

822 

1081 

938 

564 

307 

5296 

470 

-1000 

400 

410 

-600 

3550 

1696 

3800 

604 

1615 

488 

800 

-550 

Olga, professor of botany at the Universidad Catblica, became 

the foundation of the Catholic University’s modem herbarium. 

Important collectors associated with this herbarium are Jaime 

Jaramillo and Flavio Coello (cf. Table 1). MacBryde himself 

collected widely in the Oriente, but especially near Santa 

Cecilia (Napo) and in Morona-Santiago and ZamoraChinchipe, areas to which he went repeatedly also with amateur 

orchid collectors. 

A new type of floristic research work began in the 1960s. 

namely quantitative ecological inventories, involving the 

enumeration of every tree (usually) of a limited area regardless 

of its phenological stage, the measurement of several parameters of these trees, and the analysis of species abundance and 

distribution. In the Oriente this method was first used by 

Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, and Whitmore during an expedition 

of the Oxford University Exploration Club in 1960 (Emerson, 

1960) on which they collected about 3000 plants, most of them 

sterile. They used a multidisciplinary approach, supplying 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

forest transects of the kind commonly done by foresters with 

microclimatological measurements and soil analyses (Grubb et 

al., 1963; Grubb and Whitmore, 1966, 1967). An example of 

“classic inventory work” by foresters is the 1975 survey of the 

timber resources of southeastern Oriente carried out by Little 

and collaborators. A biological inventory combined with 

autecological studies was also carried out by a University of 

Kansas team that in 1972 set up a quadrat near Santa Cecilia 

(botanical and herpetological studies by MacBryde, Dwyer, 

and Simmons; cf. Duellman, 1978). From 1982 to 1984 the 

New York Botanical Garden, the Pontificia Universidad 

Catdlica, and the Botanical Institute of Aarhus University 

jointly carried out an inventory project at Anangu in the 

northwestern comer of the Yasuni National Park (Balslev et al., 

1987; see also the entry “SEF project” in the list of collectors), 

and in 1988 the Universidad Catolica and the Aarhus Botanical 

Institute began a new project, again using the inventory 

approach, which includes the floristic and physiognomic 

analysis of the entire vascular flora of a hectare near the 

University’s Cuyabeno station. 

Since 1985 David Neill of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 

St. Louis, under contract with the U.S. Agency for International 

Development, and the Direccion Nacional Forestal and his 

Ecuadorean collaborators, C. Ceoh, W. Palacios, J. Zaruma, 

and recently F. Hurtado, among others, are collecting extensively in the Oriente, concentrating on trees (Neill and Palacios, 

1989; cf, Table 1). Neill and G.A. Suarez also founded the 

biological reserve “Jatun Sacha” near Misahualli. After the 

cut-off date for the present compilation, visits to the NapoPastaza border (Rio Tigiiino) by D. Neill and F. Hurtado, to the 

Cutucu mountains by L. Dorr (New York Botanical Garden), 

and to the area just south of Cutucli by H. van der Werff 

(Missouri Botanical Garden) are highlights of the most recent 

phase of exploration in Oriente. 

The Cryptogamic Flora 

The cryptogamic flora of lowland eastern Ecuador is 

expected to be rather uniform and relatively poor with the 

exception of groups like ferns, hepatics, epiphyllous lichens, 

and rust fungi (Buck and Thiers, 1989; Nishida, 1989). 

However, there clearly is a lack of critical collecting. Spruce’s 

(1884-1885) monumental treatment of the hepatics of the 

Amazon basin and the Andes is mostly based on his own 

collections, but as discussed above, in Ecuador these were 

gathered for the most part on the slopes above 600 meters. 

Probably the first moss collections in the eastern lowlands were 

made near Puerto Nap0 by G. Osculati and M. Villavicencio in 

1847 and 1869, respectively (Bartram, 1933; Steere, 1948b; 

Papavero, 1973), and Steere also mentions collections made in 

1909-1910 by the Abbe Michel Allioni, but it is unclear at 

which altitude. The following modem workers have concentrated on mosses: W.C. Steere (1948b), G. Harling (Crum, 

1957), L.B. Holm-Nielsen and students (Robinson et al., 1971, 

1977), and S. Churchill and I. Sastre (Churchill et al., in press), 

Gunnar Harling has collected several hundred leaves with 

epiphyllous cryptogams, mainly lichens and hepatics (partly 

reported on by Herzog, 1957), and many of them come from the 

eastern lowlands. Freire C. Crespi, S. Roth, and B. Ollgaard 

have concentrated on ferns and lycopods (Ollgaard. 1979), and 

L. Arvidsson, D. Nilsson, and M. Lindstrom have focussed on 

lichens (Arvidsson, 1986; mainly through the efforts of 

Arvidsson and his students, GB houses about 10,OOO numbers 

of Ecuadorean lichens). Prescott seems to be the only 

professional phycologist to have made collections in lowland 

Oriente. 

The first mycological collections were made by Richard 

Spruce. Since then fungi have been collected by T Laessae 

(Laesscde et al., 1989), C. Blaney, and E. Bravo-Velasquez 

(Bravo-Velasquez and Hedger, 1988), and myxomycetes by G. 

Harling (Herzog, 1952; Arnell, 1962; Harling, 1967), U. 

Eliasson (Farr et al., 1979), and F. Schinner (Schinner, 1981). 

General collections often include at least some lower plants; 

for example, P. Grubb and his collaborators during the Oxford 

University Expedition collected 170 numbers of bryophytes, 

and L. Anderson has collected at least 95 lichens, mosses, and 

fungi in the Oriente below 600 m (and many more above that 

altitude). 

Ethnobotanical Collecting in Amazonian Ecuador 

This section draws attention to studies conducted by 

anthrophologists or ethnobotanists that involved the collections 

of voucher specimens. These researchers tend to work long 

periods at remote places and to collect plant parts or life stages 

not usually collected (roots, bark, saplings, etc.). Labels of their 

specimens also may carry unusual information, and many 

ecologically relevant data are contained in doctoral dissertations by ethnographers or ethnobotanists. However, this 

material is often not widely distributed, and it may therefore be 

necessary to request it from the researcher’s home institution 

(see “List of Collectors”). 

Of the native groups living in Amazonian Ecuador, the 

largest are the lowland Quichua or Yumbos (-25,000) whose 

use of plants has been studied by Alarcon (1988). HolmNielsen, Balslev, and students (Kvist and Holm-Nielsen, 1987, 

and unpublished), Irvine (1987), van Asdall(1983), Marles and 

Neill (Marles et al., 1988), and Shemluck (unpublished). The 

botany of the Ecuadorean Jivaroan tribes or dialect groups, i.e., 

the Jivaro, often referred to as Jibaro or Shuar, and Achuar, 

some 10,OOO and 5,000 people, respectively, has been studied 

by Karsten (1935, but see Hamer, 1972), Crespi, Cazalet, and 

Pennington (Pennington et al., 1962), Baker and Lowell, and 

Villegas (unpublished). The Cofan, who belong to the Chibcha 

language group and comprise about 500 members, have been 

studied ethnobotanically by Schultes (numerous publications), 

Pinkley (1969a, 1973), and Ceron (1987), and the use of plants 

by the Siona-Secoya who speak a western Tukano language 
NUMBER 82 7 

and number about 700 people has been studied by Vickers and 

Plowman (1984), Vickers (1976, 1989), Brandbyge and 

Azanza (1982), and Lescure, Balslev, and Alarco (Lescure et 

al., 1987). Finally, the ethnobotany of the Waorani (Huaorani, 

Auca) who comprise 700 individuals speaking a language 

related to Zaparo, has been studied by Davis and Yost 

(1983a,b). 

The Status of the Botanical Inventory 

of Amazonian Ecuador 

At least 196 persons have made collections in the eastern 

lowlands of Ecuador below 600 m altitude, 125 of them under 

their own number series. Based on the information obtained 

(and presented in the “List of Collectors”), I calculated that at 

least 60,OOO numbers have been collected in lowland eastern 

Ecuador. (Table 1 lists the major collections in terms of 

numbers of specimens.) The only important collections for 

which no data on their size have been obtained are those of 

Acosta-Solis and Spruce (the latter’s collection of cryptogams 

that is; Spruce collected almost no phanerogams along the Rio 

Bobonaza below 600 m altitude). In the lowlands these workers 

may have made another 1000 collections, which would yield a 

total of around 61,000 collections of vascular plants, i.e., 86 

specimens/100 km2. A checklist of the flowering plants of the 

area lists over 3000 species (Renner et al., 1991) and it is 

estimated that the eastern lowlands of Ecuador harbor at least 

4000 species of vascular plants (Balslev and Renner, 1989). 

In a recent source book on the status of the floristic inventory 

of the tropics (Campbell and Hammond, 1989), Campbell 

(1989) gave a number of 21 specimens/100 km2 for Ecuador as 

a whole based on calculations for which he used the Index 

Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1981) figures of herbaria 

holdings within the borders of tropical-forested countries. 

These figures are obviously much out-of-date. Campbell 

(1989), like others, considers that a minimal botanical 

inventory requires about 100 herbarium specimens/100 km2 

and he regards the number of 50 collections/l00 km2 as the 

threshold between a well-collected and a poorly collected 

tropical country. By these standards, Amazonian Ecuador had 

thus already in 1988 reached the status of a well-collected area. 

However, modem collecting tends to be centered around a few 

places like, for example, the biological reserves Cuyabeno, 

Yasuni, or Jatun Sacha. Yet, recent inventories of these 

relatively accessible places have resulted in new species and 

new generic records. Sites known to be rich in endemics, such 

as the Cutucu mountain range (visited by seven expeditions), 

continue to yield numerous new taxa and it is abundantly clear 

that there are immense patches of entirely unknown country 

between the rivers and roads. 

Annotated List of Collectors 

The following annotated list of plant collectors is arranged 

alphabetically (with the Danish o at the beginning of a name 

treated in the conventional transliteration, Oe) and includes all 

persons cited on the labels of plants collected in Napo, Pastaza, 

Morona-Santiago, and Zamora-Chinchipe below 600 m altitude during the period from 1739 to 31 May 1988. The data 

cited in the list were gathered in two ways: an initial list was 

assembled from herbarium labels in AAU, GB, QCA, and S. 

This was supplemented by searching the 39 published volumes 

of the Flora of Ecuador (G. Harling and B. Sparre, editors, 

1973-1986, and G. Harling and L. Andersson, editors, 1986-) 

and further pertinent literature. Letters were then sent to almost 

all living collectors asking for information on their collecting in 

Oriente. An attempt was also made to reconstruct itineraries 

and activities from the labels of collections deposited at AAU, 

F, GB, MO, NY, QCA, S, and US, as well as from literature. 

A distinction has been made between main and secondary 

(co-)collectors: those names cited in the first place on the label 

and whose numbering systems were employed on a particular 

expedition are printed in capitals (main collectors); the names 

of others cited on the label (secondary or co-collectors) are 

printed in caps and lower case. In the entries for secondary 

collectors, the reader is referred to the main collector, whose 

name is given in capitals, for further information. Some project 

acronyms and acronyms of Ecuadorean government agencies 

have been included in the alphabetical listing. Generally, I have 

closely followed the format of 0. Huber and J.J. Wurdack’s 

History of Botanical Exploration in Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela (1984). Herbarium acronyms are from Holmgren et al. (1981). 

The data provided for each main collector are the following: 

Last name, given names. 

Year of birth and death; citizenship at actual time of visit to 

eastem Ecuador; profession (institution with which the 

collector was associated). 

Period of collecting activity in Oriente: itinerary (names of 

co-collectors). 

Numbers of plants collected during specified period; main 

herbaria where the collections from this period are 

deposited, with the herbarium housing the collector’s 

own set listed first; if this is not known, herbaria are listed 

alphabetically. 

Notes. 

Publications related to the collector’s collections from, or 

activities in eastern Ecuador. 

Abalo, Jose E. 

19??- ; Venezuelan; Agronomist, producer of chicken feed, 

living in Maracay, Venezuela. 

Jul 1982: 

Notes: Amateur collector of Heliconia. 

Publication: Abalo and Morales, 1983. 

1910- ; Ecuadorean; Botanist (Director del Instituto EcuaNap0 (with G.L. MORALES). 

ACOSTA-SOLIS, MISAEL 

toriano de Ciencia Naturales, Quito). 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Notes: In 194 1- 1942, Acosta-Solis collected more than 

lo00 numbers to the east of Riobamba, along the Rio 

Pastaza, and near Puyo almost all above 900 m alt., 

however, there are at least a few collections from 

Arajuno; there is a set of this material at F. His more 

recent collections from Nap0 (Shushufindi, Coca) and 

Pastaza (Sarayacu) await distribution (May 1989, in 

litt.). 

Publications: Acosta-Solis, 195 1, 1968. 

1953- ; Dutch; Botany student (Univ. of Utrecht). 

Feb 1980: Napo, Rio Aguarico, Cuyabeno (with C.C. 

Feb-Mar 1980: Napo, Coca (with J. BRANDBYGE and 

Publications: Akkermans and Berg, 1982; Berg and 

Akkermans, Reinier A.W.P. 

BERG and L. Holm-Nielsen). 

E. Azanza). 

Akkermans, 1985. 

ALARCON GALLEGOS, ROCIO

196?- ; Ecuadorean; Botany student (Pontificia Univ. 

Aug 1979: Napo, Coca (with L. HOLM-NIELSEN). 

Aug 1979: Napo, Misahualli (with L. HOLM-NIELSEN 

1979-1982: Napo, Misahualli and Nuevo Rocafuerte. 

1982: Napo, near mouth of Rio Yasuni (with H. BALSNotes: Research on the ethnobotany of the Quichua 

Publications: Alarcon, 1988. 

19??- ; Ecuadorean. 

Aug 1985: 

Taisha. 

Catblica, Quito, presently FundaciOn Natura). 

and R. Andrade). 

2 12 numbers; QCA. 

LEV). 

Indians. 

ANANANCH, LUIS 

Morona-Santiago, Centro Tuntin Entsa, near 

Few numbers; NY. 

Notes: Collecting under a project with the accronym 

RBAE. 

Anderson, Joe J. 

19??- ; U.S.; Entomology student, presently working for 

21 Jun-10 Jul 1986: Napo, vicinity of Jatun Sacha, near 

the World Bank in Washington. 

Misahualli (with J.S. MILLER). 

Andersson, Lennart 

1948- ; 

Feb-Apr 1974: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

Jan 1977: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

Feb-Mar 1980: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

Apr 1985: Zamora-Chinchipe, Zumbi-Paquisha, western 

slopes of Cordillera del Cbndor (with G. HARLING 

Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Napo; Morona-Santiago (with G. HARUniv. of Goteborg). 

LING). 

Nap0 (with G. HARLING and U. Eliasson). 

Napo; Pastaza (with G. HARLING). 

and M. Hagberg). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Marantaceae and Musaceae; co-editor of Flora of Ecuador since 1986 (vol. 

25 onwards). 

Publications: Andersson, 1985; Kennedy, Andersson, and 

Hagberg, 1988. 

ANDRADE, RAMON 

195 1- ; Ecuadorean; Botany student (Pontificia Univ. 

Aug 1979: Napo, Misahualli (with L. HOLM-NIELSEN 

Aug 1980: Napo, Rio Putumayo. 

Few collections; QCA, AAU. 

Catblica, Quito). 

and R. Alarcon). 

Andreasen, Niels Henrik 

of Aarhus). 

Larsen, and A.R. Jensen). 

1954- ; Danish; Botany student (Botanical Institute, Univ. 

Jun-Jul 1982: Napo, Anangu (with B. PlLLGAARD, B.B. 

AREVALO, ANIBAL 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Forester? (Ministerio de Agricultura 

y Ganaderia). 

1975-1976: Napo, Territorio de 10s Aucas, Lago Agrio 

(with R.A.A. OLDEMAN, H.G. Oldeman, G.L. Morales, and Lara; in various combinations). 

Nov 1976: Napo, Puerto Quito (with Lara). 

Publications: Arevalo et a]., 1976. 

1961 - ; Ecuadorean; Biology student (Pontificia Univ. 

1985: Napo, Anangu, Rio Payamino. 

1986: Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza. 

Notes: Concentrated on Cyclanthaceae and Arecaceae. 

1949- ; 

Few collections; QCA. 

ARGUELLO, ANA 

Catblica, Quito). 

Few collections; QCA, AAU. 

ARVIDSSON, LARS 

Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Univ. of Goteborg, presently at the Natural History 

Museum in Goteborg). 

1972: Napo, Coca region, Santa Rosa (with D. Nilsson). 

Notes: Concentrated on lichens. 

Publications: Arvidsson, 1986. 

1888-1 974; Swedish; Botanist (Museum of Natural History, 

Stockholm). 

27 Sep 1939 until at least 6 Jan 1940: Napo, vicinity of Tena 

and Archidona, occasionally also Puerto Nap0 (between 

his nos. 8800-10268, with most from above 600 m 

alt.); S, some with specialists. 

Nov-Dec 1955, Feb-Mar 1956: Pastaza, Mera and 

vicinity, Veracruz; from March on in Morona-Santiago 

near Macas (all above 600 m alt.). 

Asplund’s fieldbooks and notes about his collections, which total 9965 from Ecuador, are archived at S; 

NOS. 579-616; GB, QCA. 

ASPLUND, ERIK 

Notes: 
NUMBER 82 9 

they consist entirely of numbers and abbreviations. 

There are also numerous still undistributed duplicates 

(nos, 4960- 14925; Lundin, in litt., July 1989; Harling, 

pers. comm., August 1989). The collection localities of 

Asplund in Ecuador are shown on map 18 in HolmNielsen et al., 1984. 

AZANZA, EDUARDO 

1951- ; Ecuadorean; Biology student (Pontificia Univ. 

Catolica, Quito). 

Feb-Aug 1980: Napo; Pastaza; Morona-Santiago (mostly 

with J. BRANDBYGE, partly also with B. OLLGAARD, S. Roth, and C. Sperling). 

Itinerary given under BRANDBYGE. 

2-29 Aug 1981: 

Itinerary given under BRANDBYGE. 

Nov 1982: Napo, Cuyabeno (with A. Barfod). 

Jul 1983: Napo, Cuyabeno (with H. BALSLEV and L. 

Publications: Brandbyge and Azanza, 1982. 

1920- ; 

1965: Napo, Zarzayacu, 700 m alt. 

Nos. 4232-4235; MY (1st set), B, BH, BM, COL, F, G, 

LOJA, NY, P, RB, SI, U, UC, VEN. 

In Napo, Badillo collected Jacaratia digitata and 

Carica microcarpa; in the rest of the country he 

collected another 62 numbers of Caricaceae. 

Publications: Badillo, 1983. 

Nap0 (with J. BRANDBYGE, L. Werling, and S. Leth Nissen). 

Few numbers; QCA, AAU. 

Cox). 

BADILLO, VICTOR M. 

Venezuelan; Botanist (Herbarium of the Fac. of 

Agronomy, Universidad Central, Maracay). 

Notes: 

BAKER, MARC A. 

1953- ; US.; Botanist (at the time, New York Botanical 

Garden, New York). 

1985-1986: Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza (with K. Lowell). 

1985-1986: Napo, vicinity of Coca and Misahualli; 

Pastaza; Morona-Santiago, Taisha (alone or with D. 

Neill; with W. Palacios; with Trushell; with J. Zaruma). 

Nos. 5600-7400; NY, MO, QAME, QCA, and duplicate 

sets. 

Ethnobotanical research mostly with the Ashuar 

Indians through the auspices of the Salesian Mission; 

M.A. Baker made many economic plant vouchers. He 

participated in the joint project of the DirecciQ 

Nacional Forestal, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and 

the New York Botanical Garden in lowland eastern 

Ecuador (see entry D. NEILL). 

Notes: 

Baker, Raymond F. 

1945- ; 

29 Jun-20 Jul 1982: 

US; Horticulturist (Harold L. Lyon Arboretum, 

Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu). 

Napo, 50 km W of Lago Agrio; road 

Lago Agrio to Rio San Miguel; vicinity of Santa 

Cecilia; road Lago Agrio to Coca; vicinity of Coca and 

road to Auca oil fields; road Coca to Armenia Vieja; 

Afiangu; vicinity of Lago Agrio; Tena-Pano road and 

vicinity of Tena; along Tena-Puyo road (with H. 

KENNEDY and L. BESSE, who both kept fieldbooks; 

most of Baker’s vouchers are BESSE numbers). 

Baker made only live collections, mainly of palms, 

aroids, and orchids, for which L. Besse and H. Kennedy 

made the voucher specimens. Accession numbers of the 

live collections are L-82.1097-L-82.15 18. 

Notes: 

BALSLEV, HENRIK 

195 1 - ; Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus). 

Nov 1976: Napo, Coca (with E. Madsen). The expedition 

is reported on in Ollgaard and Balslev, 1979, and the 

collection localities are also shown on map 2 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

Jan 1981: Napo, Misahualli, Tena. 

Apr 1982: Napo, Coca, Rio Aguarico, Rio Eno, ShushuNOS. 10578-10656; AAU, QCA. 

NOS. 1589-1602; NY, QCA. 

findi, Anangu. 

NOS. 2280-2356; 2383-2425; AAU, QCA. 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, B. Ollgaard, 

Jul 1982: Napo, Afiangu (with J. LUTEYN, S. Clemants, 

Aug 1982: Napo, mouth of Rio Yasuni (with R. Alarc6n). 

Aug 1982: Napo, Pompeya and along the Rio Napo, near 

B.B. Larsen, S. Clemants, and J. Boeke). 

and J. Boeke). 

NOS. 2906-3075; AAU, QCA. 

Itaya (with Santos Dea). 

NOS. 2796-2905; QCA. 

Feb 1983: Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN and J. Pipoly). 

Mar 1983: Napo, Anangu; Pastaza, Puyo. 

May 1983: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Jun 1983: Napo, Coca. 

Jul 1983: Napo, Cuyabeno (with L. Cox and E. Azanza). 

Aug 1983: Napo, Lago Agrio (with B. Boom). 

Dec 1983: Napo, San Jose de Payamino (with D. Irvine). 

Jan 1984: Napo, Cuyabeno (with H. HOPKINS). 

Jan 1984: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Feb 1984: Napo, Rio Aguarico. 

Jun-Jul 1985: Napo, Anangu (with A. Barfod and F. 

NOS. 4262-4270; 4274-4285; NY, QCA. 

NOS. 4300-4313; NY, QCA. 

NOS. 43 14-432 1; NY, QCA. 

NOS. 4322-4376; AAU, QCA. 

NOS. 4379-4399; AAU, NY, QCA. 

NOS. 4542-4639; QCA. 

NOS. 4775-4817; NY, QCA. 

NOS. 4825-4908; NY, QCA. 

Skov). 

NOS. 60500-60638; QCA, AAU. 

Jul 1985: Morona-Santiago, Rio Upano. 

NOS. 60649-60650; QCA, AAU. 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Jul-Aug 1985: Napo, Anangu (with A. Barfod and F. 

Skov). 

NOS. 60679-60755; QCA, AAU. 

Apr 1986: Napo, Anangu, Cuyabeno (with A. Henderson 

and F. Borchsenius K.). 

NOS. 6203 1-62050; 6205 1-62076; QCA, A AU. 

May 1986: 

A AU. 

Pastaza, Puyo; Morona-Santiago, Taisha. 

Nos. 62080; 62200-62218, and 62401-62417; QCA, 

Apr 1986: Napo, Anangu. 

Apr 1987: Rio Napo. 

May 1987: Napo, Misahualli. 

1 Apr 1988: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Apr 1988: 

Mar-Apr 1989: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Notes: 

NOS. 622 19-62400; QCA, A AU. 

NOS. 62465-62484; QCA, A AU. 

NOS. 62498-62505. 

NOS. 69000-69054; QCA, AAU. 

Napo, Cuyabeno (with R. VALENCIA and K. 

Bloc h). 

NOS. 84400-84909; QCA, AAU. 

Specialist on New World Juncaceae and palms. 

Resident botanist and professor at Pontificia Univ. 

Cat6lica, Quito 1981-1984. 

Publications: Balslev, 1979; Balslev and Joyal, 1980; 

Balslev and Barfod, 1987; Balslev et al. 1987; Balslev, 

1988; Balslev and Renner, 1989. 

Barfod, Anders 

Aarhus). 

1952- ; 

Nov 1982: Napo, Cuyabeno (with E. AZANZA). 

Jul-Aug 1985: 

Notes: 

Publications: Barfod, 1987; Balslev and Barfod, 1987. 

1959- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

Oct 1988: Morona-Santiago, Cutucu, 600-1000 m alt. 

Notes: Specialist in Sterculiaceae. 

188 I - 1970; French; Botanist (Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris). 

Apr 1931 until at least Sep 1931: Napo, Puerto Napo, Rio 

Napo. 

Around nos. 4150-4798; P, Q, few duplicates in AAU, S, 

uc. 

Taught at the Universidad Central in Quito from 

1930 to 1932 and travelled mainly in western Ecuador. 

Benoist, 1932; Theriot (1936) reported on 

Benoist’s mosses. 

Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Napo, Anangu (with H. BALSLEV and F. 

Skov). 

Concentrating on Anacardiaceae and palms. 

Bamett, Lisa Ceryle 

York). 

(with L. J. DORR). 

BENOIST, M. RAYMOND 

Notes: 

Publications: 

BERG, CORNELIS CHRISTIA AN 

1934- ; Dutch; Botanist (Univ. of Utrecht, presently Univ. 

of Bergen). 

Sep 1977: Napo, near Cosanga and near Baeza, above 600 

m alt. 

Feb 1980: Napo, Rio Aguarico, Cuyabeno (with R.A.W.P. 

Akkermans and L. Holm-Nielsen). 

NOS. 1007-1 133; A AU, QCA, U. 

Jan 198 1 : Pastaza, near Puyo, above 600 m alt.; Napo, near 

Misahualli; Morona-Santiago, Macas to Indanza. 

NOS. 1200-1236; QCA, U. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical and African Moraceae, 

Publications: Berg, 1972, 1981; Berg and Akkermans, 

and Cecropiaceae. 

1985. 

BERGMANN, BIRGITTE 

Aarhus University). 

cha (with H. Borgtoft Pedersen). 

1960- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Feb-Apr 1987: Napo, Nuevo Rocafuerte, Laguna JatuncoNos.: 62120-62127; QCA, AAU, and specialist sets. 

Feb-Apr 1987: 

ersen). 

Napo, Paiiacocha (with H. Borgtoft PedNos. 62 128-62 140; QCA, A AU, and specialist sets. 

Feb-Apr 1987: Napo, INIAP station at San Carlos (with H. 

Borgtoft Pedersen). 

Nos. 62163-62166; QCA, AAU, and specialist sets. 

May-Jun 1988: Napo, airstrip of the Conoco oil company, 

on Rio Tivacuno in the Yasuni National Park and near 

Misahualli (with S. Laegaard and partly with S.S. 

Renner). 

Nos. 62592-62599 and 67203-67235; QCA, A AU. 

Notes: Concentrating on palms, especially the genus 

Chamaedorea. 

BESSE, LIBBY (Elizabeth L.) 

1928- ; US.; Keeper of the Herbarium (Marie Selby 

Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida). 

16-19 Jun 1978: Napo, Limoncocha (with M. MADISON 

and T. Plowman). 

Jan 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca oil field, Rio Nap0 below 

Puerto Misahualli (with K. Tan and J.S. Halton). 

Nos. 005-098 at SEL and QCA; 1014-1107 and 

1 178- 1209 at SEL only; specialist sets; the duplicates 

were renumbered in Quito (series starting with 0) 5-6 

Oct 1981 : Morona-Santiago, Sucua-Macas rd. (with 

H.E. LUTHER and J.S. Halton). 

29 Jun-20 Jul 1982: Napo, 50 km W of Lago Agrio, road 

Lago Agrio to Rio San Miguel, vicinity of Santa 

Cecilia, road Lago Agrio to Coca, vicinity of Coca and 

road to Auca oil fields, road Coca to Armenia Vieja, 

Aiiangu, vicinity of Lago Agrio, Tena-Pano road, and 

vicinity of Tena, along Tena-Puyo road (with H. 

KENNEDY, who kept her own fieldbook, and R. 

Baker). 

Nos. 1529-1632; SEL, MO, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Nov 1983: Napo, Lago Agrio, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio 
NUMBER 82 11 

Nap0 at Laguna Taracoa, Rio Coca (with J.S. Halton 

and A. Besse (L. Besse’s son)). 

Nos. 1915-1969; SEL, MO, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Note: Besse has concentrated on epiphytic families. 

Blaney, Carol 

1960- ; U.S.; Student (Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington). 

Dec 1988: 

Notes: Concentrated on fungi. 

1961- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University). 

3-12 Nov 1987: Napo, Anangu, Rio Yasuni, Rio Payamino (with F. SKOV and F. Borchsenius K.). 

Nov-Dec 1987: Napo, Cuyabeno, 30 km N of Coca, 

Coca-Lago Agrio road (with B.B. Klitgaard, who also 

collected under her own number series); MoronaSantiago, Rio Upano. 

62618-62627; AAU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Napo, Huamani, Dureno (with A. GENTRY 

and C. Ceron). 

BLICHER-MATHIESEN, ULLA 

NOS.: 62600-62607; 62608-626 10; 626 1 1-626 12; 

Notes: Concentrating on palms. 

Publications: Blicher-Mathiesen and Balslev, 1990. 

1963- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Apr-Jun; Sep-Nov 1988: Napo, Cuyabeno (with R. 

Notes: Bloch, Valencia, and Balslev inventoried the trees 

Bloch, Klaus 

Univ. of Aarhus). 

VALENCIA and H. Balslev). 

larger than 5 cm DBH on a hectare. 

BOEKE, JEF D. 

1954- ; U.S.; Molecular Biologist, on a Thomas J. Watson 

Foundation fellowship; informally associated with the 

New York Botanical Garden, presently John Hopkins 

Univ. 

Dec 1976: Napo, Cosanga area, mostly above 600 m alt. 

(with J.B. McElroy). 

Nos. 342-449; NY, QCA, GH, a good set in AAU. 

Jun 1982: 

Jul 1982: 

Notes: 

Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, B. Ollgaard, 

B.B. Larsen, H. Balslev, and S. Clemants). 

Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, H. Balslev, 

and S. Clemants). 

Boeke travelled and collected in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from September 1976 to August 

1977. 

BOHLIN, JAN-ERIC 

1948- ; Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Univ. of Goteborg, presently a system engineer for the 

Volvo company). 

Napo, vicinity of Coca (with G. HARLING, M. 

Lindstrom, and S. Roth). 

Napo, Coca, San Jose de Payamino, Lago 

Agrio, Anangu (with M. Bohlin). The collection 

localities of this expedition are shown on map 14 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

Jan 1982: 

May-Aug 1983: 

NOS. 201-1063; GB. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Nyctaginaceae. 

Publications: Bohlin, 1988. 

Bohlin, Maria 

1956- : 

May-Aug 1983: Napo, Coca, San Jose de Payamino, Lago 

Swedish; J.-E. Bohlin’s wife (Biology teacher). 

Agrio, Anangu (with J.-E. BOHLIN). 

Boom, Brian 

1954- ; 

29 May-20 Jun 1982: 

Aug 1983: Napo, Lago Agrio (with H. BALSLEV). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Rubiaceae and Theaceae. 

1959- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Univ. of Aarhus). 

Apr 1986: Napo, Anangu (with H. BALSLEV and A. 

Henderson). 

3-12 Nov 1987: Napo, Anangu, Rio Yasuni, Rio Payamino (with F. SKOV and U. Blicher-Mathiesen). 

Notes: Concentrated on palms. 

Publications: 

U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, S. 

York). 

Mori, B.B. Larsen, and B. Ollgaard). 

Borchsenius Kristensen, Finn 

Borchsenius and Balslev, 1989; Borchsenius 

and Olesen, 1990. 

Borgtoft Pedersen, Henrik 

1959- ; Danish; Botany student (Botanical Institute, Univ. 

of Aarhus). 

Feb-Apr 1987: Napo, Nueva Rocafuerte, Laguna Jatuncocha Rio Napo, Panacocha, INIAP station at San Carlos 

(with B. BERGMANN). 

Resident botanist and professor at Pontificia Univ. 

Catolica, Quito, 1989- 1990. 

Borgtoft Pedersen and Balslev, 1990. 

Notes: 

Publications: 

1953- ; Danish: Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University). 

Feb 1980: Napo, Rio Aguarico, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas, 

Rio Aguas Negras, Puerto Montufar, Rio Cuyabeno, 

Rio Aguarico, Dureno (with L. HOLM-NIELSEN and 

J. Jaramil lo). 

Feb-Mar 1980: Napo, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio Payamino, Coca-Lago Agrio rd., San Carlos, Rio Napo, Yuca 

rd., Yuca oil field, Guayusa, Rio Coca, between San 

Carlos and Guamayacu, upstream Rio Nap0 (with E. 

Azanza and, in the beginning, with R.A.W.P. Akkermans). 

BRANDBYGE, JOHN 

NOS. 3oooO-31370; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

31 Mar-8 Apr 1980: Napo, Lago Agrio, along rd. to San 

Miguel, along rd. Lago Agrio-Coca, Punto Aguarico 

(with E. Azanza) 

NOS. 3037 1-305 1 1 ; A AU, QCA, MO, GB. 

12-14 Apr 1980: Napo, Lagunas de Cuyabeno, Puerto 

Bolivar (with E. Azanza). 
12 SM ITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

NOS. 30512-30553; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

16 Apr 1980: Napo, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas (with E. 

Azanza). 

NOS. 30554-30570; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

7-9 May 1980: Napo, Rio Guepi, path to Puerto Rodriguez at Rio Putumayo (with E. Azanza). 

NOS. 3057 1-30622). 

18 May-7 Jun 1980: Pastaza, Lorocachi, Rio Curaray, 

Ceilan, Rio Cononaco (J. Jaramillo, F. Coello, and A. 

Freire (a snake expert from Guayaquil)). 

NOS. 30623-3 1807; A AU, QCA, MO, GB. 

13-29 Jun 1980: Morona-Santiago, Taisha, Rio Guambime, Rio Pangui, Rio Panguientza, Huasaga, Tukupi, 

Rio Pumpuentza at Achuar village (with E. Azanza). 

NOS. 3 1808-32433; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

Jul 1980: Morona-Santiago; Pastaza; Nap0 (with B. OLLGAARD, E. Azanza, S. Roth, and C. Sperling). 

5-16 Aug 1980: Napo, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas, 

Shushufindi, Rio Wai si aya, a northern tributary of Rio 

Aguarico (with E. Azanza). 

NOS. 32434-32809; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

2-29 Aug 198 1 : Napo, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas, Rio Wai 

si ay8, Rio Cuyabeno, Puerto Bolivar, Rio Tarapuia, 

Lagunas de Cuyabeno, Rio Wai si aya, San Pablo de 10s 

Secoyas (with E. Azanza, L. Werling, and S. LethNissen). 

NOS. 32947-36242; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

Apr 1983: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Notes: 

NOS. 42658-42683; AAU, QCA, MO, GB. 

Specialist on neotropical Polygonaceae. Resident 

botanist and professor at Pontificia Univ. Catolica, 

Quito, 1979-198 1, thereafter resident scientist at 

CESA 1984-1986. Map 5 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984, 

shows Brandbyge’s 1980 and 198 I collecting stations. 

Both expeditions are also reported on in great detail in 

Brandbyge and Azanza, 1982, which contains maps, 

locality descriptions, numbers of plants collected at 

each locality, and an index to all localities visited. 

Brandbyge and Azanza, 1982; Brandbyge, 

1986, 1989a-c, 1990. 

Publications: 

BRAVO-VELASQUEZ, ELIZABETH 

1956- ; Ecuadorean; Mycologist (Pontificia Univ. CatoSep 1981: Napo, Rio Aguarico, Cuyabeno (with P. 

lica). 

Gbmez). 

NOS. 75-327; QCA. 

Notes: 

with wood samples as well as some fungi. 

Publications: Bravo-Velasquez and Hedger, 1988. 

1904- 1963; U.S.; Biosystematist (New York Botanical 

Garden, New York). 

Nov-Dec 1944: Morona-Santiago, valleys of Rio Upano 

and Rio Paute, vicinity of Mendez, cordillera NE of 

Collected mainly ethnobotanical vouchers and trees 

CAMP, WENDELL HOLMES 

MCndez, base of Cutucu. 

Numbers collected around 600 m: 848-914; 933; 947- 

948; 1024-1069, 1418-1509, all in the E series; NY 

(1st set), BM, F, G, GH, K, LA, MO, P, PH, S, U, US, 

VEN. 

Notes: The itinerary of Camp and his helpers F. Prieto, M. 

Giler, and H. Jorgensen has been reconstructed (Balslev 

and Joyal, 1980; Joyal, 1987). 

Several papers are cited in Balslev and Joyal 

(1980); particularly useful is Camp, 1952, which 

includes a map of collecting sites. 

Publications: 

Campuzano, Gonzalo 

19??- ; 

1-7 Aug 1975: 

Ecuadorean; Forester (Ministerio de Agricultura y 

Napo, Lago Agrio, Rio Aguarico, ShushuGanaderia, Quito). 

findi, Tarapoa (with E.L. LITTLE). 

CAZALET, PETER C.D. 

1940- ; 

Oct 1961-Feb 1962: Morona-Santiago, Taisha (with TD. 

Pennington). 

Around nos. 75 15-7765 (350 numbers in total); B, FHO, 

K, NY, UC, US. 

The 1961-1962 expedition of Cazalet and Pennington was designed to follow up the botanical work of the 

1960 Oxford University Expedition, by collecting 

plants from similar vegetation zones, but different 

localities. A photographer accompanied the expedition 

to film aspects of the life of the Jivaro Indians at Taisha. 

English; Soil chemist, geographer. 

Notes: 

Publications: Pennington et al., 1962. 

1957- ; 

1985-1986: Napo, vicinity of Dureno. 

Sep-Nov 1985: Napo, upper Rio Nap0 area (with R.J. 

MARLES, W. Palacios, D. Neill, P. Gomez, and C. 

Cerbn). 

Morona-Santiago (with D. Neill, M.A. Baker, 

W. Palacios, and J. Zaruma). 

CERON, CARLOS E. 

Quito). 

Ecuadorean; Botanist (Univ. Central del Ecuador, 

NOS. 116-407; Q. 

Nov 1986: 

NOS. 417-488; QCNE, QAME. 

1987-: Napo, intensive collections at Jatun Sacha and 

environs (Misahualli), INIAP station near Coca, the 

Yasuni National Park, and other localities. 

and further sets. 

Napo, Huamani, Dureno (with A. GENTRY 

and C. Blaney). 

C. Ceron studied the ethnobotany of the Coah 

Indians for a doctoral dissertation (Univ. Central, Quito. 

Thereafter he collected under contract for the Missouri 

Botanical Garden for a floristic inventory of Jatun 

Sacha. He also collected under the number series of D. 

Neill with, among others, W. Palacios, P. Gomez, and 

R. Marles. 

NOS. 516-5ooOe; QAME, MO, NY, AAU, QCNE, QCA, 

Dec 1988: 

Notes: 
NUMBER 82 13 

Publications: Ceron, 1987. 

19??- ; 

Apr 1982: Napo, Coca. 

Notes: 

CHAGUARO, MONICA 

Ecuadorean; Forestry student (?) 

Few numbers; QCA, QAME. 

M. Chaguaro assisted A. Flores in a governmentsponsored tree inventory of lowland Napo. 

CHURCHILL, STEVEN P. 

1948- ; US.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York). 

Jul-Aug 1985: Napo, -7 km S of Tena on road to Puyo, 

-20 km S of Tena on road to Puyo, Anangu (with I. 

Sastre-De Jesus). 

representative collections at QCA and AAU. 

Churchill et al., in press. 

NOS. 13653-13662; 13663-13670; 13742-13881; NY, 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical mosses. 

Publications: 

1954- ; U.S.; Botany student (New York Botanical 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, B. Ollgaard, 

Jul 1982: Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN, H. Balslev, 

Notes: Doctoral dissertation on Befaria. 

195 1 - ; Ecuadorean; Biologist (Pontificia Univ. Catolica, 

Quito, presently Metropolitan Touring, Quito). 

Aug 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio Napo, Rio 

Tiputini, Nuevo Rocafuerte, Rio Yasuni, Lagartococha, 

Rio Aguarico (with L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN and J. 

Jaramil lo). 

Mar 1980: Pastaza, Curaray (Jesus Pitishka), Rio Villano 

(with L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN and J. Jaramillo). 

18 May-7 Jun 1980: Pastaza, Lorocachi, Rio Curaray, 

Ceilan, Rio Cononaco (J. BRANDBYGE, E. Azanza, 

and A. Freire (a snake expert from Guayaquil)). 

Jun-Jul 1980: Napo, Lago Agrio, Rio Aguarico, San 

Pablo de 10s Secoyas, Cuyabeno (with J. 

JARAMILLO). 

Aug 1980: Pastaza, Tiwaeno, Tonampari, Rio Curaray, 

Tzapino; Napo, Campana Cocha, Misahualli (with J. 

JARAM ILLO). 

Feb 1981: Napo, Nuevo Rocafuerte (with J. JARAMILLO). 

Notes: Former head of the National Parks Organization in 

eastern Ecuador. 

Publications: Jaramillo and Coello (1982) gives the itineraries of both collectors. 

Clemants, Steven E. 

Garden, New York). 

B.B. Larsen, H. Balslev, and J. Boeke). 

and J. Boeke). 

Coello H., Flavio 

CONDAMINE, CHARLES MARIE DE LA 

1701 -1774; French; Geographer, naturalist. 

Notes: Starting from Tarqui near Cuenca in May 1743 and 

passing Zaruma (60 km NW of Loja), La Condamine 

descended the Rio Chinchipe, passed Rentema and 

JaCn, and reached Borja on the Maranon on the 12 of 

June; there are no botanical collections. 

La Condamine’s map is reproduced and discussed 

in detail by Latorre (1988); Wurdack (1964, with two 

maps) gives an account of La Condamine’s descent to 

Peru. 

Notes: 

cox, L. 

19??- ; 

Jul 1983: 

US.; Phytochemist (Latinreco S.A., a Nestle 

research lab in Quito, presently with Nestle in Geneva). 

Napo, Cuyabeno (with H. BALSLEV and E. 

Azanza). 

CRESPI, CARL0 

1891 - 1982; Italian; Salesian missionary who lived most of 

his life in Cuenca, which is also where he died. 

1924: Morona-Santiago, vicinity of Indanza (Yunganza, 

Vhsquez, Milagro, Sapote), mostly above 600 m; 

TOGRES, US. 

C. Crespi worked with the Jivaroan Indians. In 

1924, he collected over 600 ferns, which were sent to 

the herbarium “Togres” in Turin (rec. in 1926) and 

worked on by R. Bosco (1938) (Giuseppe Brocardo, 

Director of the herbarium, in litt., April 1991). 

Notes: 

Publications: Crespi, 1924a,b. 

1938- ; 

Dec 1979: 

CROAT, THOMAS B. 

Louis). 

Puyo, 500 m ah.; and 61.5 km N of Puyo, 500 m alt. 

duplicate sets widely distributed. 

El Auca, Lago Agrio-Baeza rd., km 43, 560 m alt. 

QPNRA, and duplicate sets. 

U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Napo, Tena-Puyo rd.; Pastaza, 58.1 km N of 

NOS. 49627-49634; 49639-49668; MO, QPNRA, and 

Oct 1980: Napo, rd. Lago Agrio to Rio San Miguel, Coca, 

NOS. 50299-50374; 50375-50430; 5043 1-50441; MO, 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Araceae. 

1951- ; 

D’ Alessandro, Dennis 

U.S., resident of Ecuador, living in Vilcabamba; 

Horticulturist and professional plant collector, especially orchids. 

May 1985: Zamora-Chinchipe, vicinity of Gualaquiza 

(with B. STEIN). 

D’ARCY, WILLIAM G. 

St. Louis). 

1931- ; 

19??: 

Notes: 

U.S.; Botanist (The Missouri Botanical Garden, 

Napo, Rio Nap0 near Misahualli. 

Nos.? (at least no. 14034), MO. 

Specialist on neotropical Solanaceae and floristics 

of Panama. 

DAVIS, E. WADE 

1953- ; Canadian; Ethnobotanist (field work for his Ph.D. 

while at Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 

presently working in Vancouver, British Columbia). 

Napo, 26 mi (40 km) W of, and 

vicinity of, Lago Agrio and Dureno (with T. PLOW30 Jul-5 Aug 1974: 
14 SMlTHSONlAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

MAN and C. Sheviak). 

1974: Pastaza, Mera, above 600 m alt. (with T PLOWMAN). 

1976: Morona-Santiago, Cordillera de Cutucu (with M. 

MADISON). 

13-18 Dec 1976: Napo, Baeza to Tena via Cosanga, Rio 

Jondachi, Cotundo, and Archidona. 

Nos. 345-571; full sets at GH, ECON, and QCA; close to 

complete sets at US, U, K, NY, MO, F, and QCNE. 

Pastaza, Quiwado clearing, near the confluence of 

Rio Quiwado and Rio Tiwaeno (with J. Yost). 

Nos. 9 18-1 062; full sets at GH, ECON, and QCA; close to 

complete sets at US, U, K, NY, MO, F, and QCNE. 

Anthropological research on the Waorani (Aucas) 

Indians with J. Yost. 

1981: 

Notes: 

Publications: Davis and Yost, 1983a-c. 

19??- ; Peruvian; Plant collector (employed by the 

Missouri Botanical Garden, but working out of 

AMAZ). 

Napo, Rio Putumayo, mostly on the Colombian 

side (with A. GENTRY and N. Jaramillo). 

Diaz S., Camilo 

May 1978: 

DIELS, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG EMIL 

1874-1945; German; Botanist (Botanic Garden of BerlinSep 1933: Pastaza, Mera, no collections below 600 m alt. 

Notes: In 1933, Diels brought a total of 925 collections to 

Publications: Diels, 1937, 1938-1942. 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Forester. 

Apr 1983: Napo, (Isla) Pompeya. 

Notes: 

1928- ; US; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida, presently working for the Missouri 

Botanical Garden, St. Louis). 

22 Jan 1977: Napo, Limoncocha, La Primavera, downriver 

from Coca: no. 6636 (SEL). 

Also a few live collections were made of plants later 

cultivated at the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens; 

voucher specimens were later prepared from some of 

these, e.g., a Begonia (cultivated plant nos. 77-94, 

specimen no. 7755 (US), cited in the Flora ofEcuador). 

Dahlem). 

Berlin (Hiepko, 1987). 

DIHUA, ERNEST0 

Few collections; QCA. 

Mainly trees and wood samples. 

DODSON, CALAWAY H. 

18 Jun 1983: 

Notes: 

Napo, Tena-Puerto Nap0 road. 

NOS. 14054- I409 1; SEL, MO. 

Specialist on orchids; honorary director at QCNE. 

Dodson lives in Ecuador; he rarely collects east of the 

Andes at altitudes below 600 m. I have seen copies of 

his fieldbooks at SEL. 

DORR, LAURENCE JOSEPH 

1953- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York). 

Oct 1988: Morona-Santiago, Cutucu, 600-1000 m ah. 

(with L. Bamett). 

Nos. 5818-5899; NY, QCA, QCNE, and duplicates at 

AAU, S, CAS, GB. 

Specialist on Ericaceae; L. Dorr is building up a 

database on collections and collectors from the Cutucd 

mountain range. 

DRUMMOND 111, BOYCE A. 

Notes: 

1946- ; US.; Entomologist (Illinois State Univ., Normal, 

until 1982, presently at Pikes Peak Research Station, 

Colorado). 

Dec 1973-0ct 1974: Napo, Limoncocha. 

-35 collections representing about 30 species of SolanaNotes: Specialist on ithomiid butterflies (Nymphalidae), 

Publications: Drummond 1986, Drummond and Brown, 

ceae; MO. 

which are near-obligate feeders on Solanaceae. 

1987. 

DUKE, JAMES A. 

1929- ; U.S.; Botanist (United States Department of 

Agriculture). 

1968-1969: Napo, Rio Aguarico, probably near Lago 

Agrio; US. 

Notes: Duke collected only economic plants; the number 

of collections is unknown since the notes on this 

expedition are deficient (pers. comm.). 

Publication: Duke et al., 1987. 

1915- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Louis). 

Mar-Apr 1972: Napo, vicinity of Lago Agrio and Santa 

Cecilia, quadrat area of the Univ. of Kansas (partly 

alone, with B. MacBryde, partly with J.E. Simmons). 

Around nos. 9663-9800; MO, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Nos.?; MO, QCA, and specialist sets. 

DWYER, JOHN DUNCAN 

Jul 1972: Napo, Lago Agrio. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Rubiaceae. 

Eliasson, Uno 

1939- ; 

Jan 1977: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Amaranthaceae and 

Publications: Eliasson, 1987; co-author of Farr et al., 1979. 

19 13- ; German; Ecologist (Systematisch-Geobotanisches 

Institut, University of Gottingen). 

9-14 Dec 1970: Pastaza, Banos, Mera, Puyo; Napo, Tena, 

Puerto Napo, and back to Puyo and Banos (with his 

wife C. Ellenberg). 

Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Nap0 (with G. HARLING and L. Andersson). 

Univ. of Goteborg). 

Myxomycetes. 

ELLENBERG, HEINZ HERMA" CHRISTOPH 

Nos. 3263-3368; GOET, USM, and specialist set. 

FAGERLIND, FOLKE 

1907- ; Swedish; Botanist (University of Stockholm). 
NUMBER 82 15 

Nov 1952-Feb 1953: Pastaza, Puyo (around nos. 1083- 

1246); Napo, Tiputini, and Lagartococha (20 Jan-5 

Feb, around nos. 2203-2413); Shell-Mera, Mera (from 

at least no. 2427-) (with P.G. Wibom). The collection 

localities of this expedition are shown on map 17 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

Over 200 numbers in the lowlands below 600 m alt.; S. 

Notes: The collections were not numbered in the field 

because the expedition’s main purpose was the collection of morphological/anatomical samples. All voucher 

specimens were given to the Riksmuseum and (partly) 

numbered by G. Harling (G. Harling, in litt.; Fagerlind, 

in litt., September, 1990). 

Fiske, Milan D. 

1914- ; U.S.; Amateur Orchidologist. 

Jan 1971 : Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza and environs 

(partly with B. MACBRYDE). 

Jan 1972: Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del Condor (with 

B. MACBRYDE, J.E. Simmons, and R.K. Fiske). 

Mar 1975: Cuenca, Loja, Zamora (with A. Andreetta and 

L. Figuerroa). 

Notes: Fiske collected only live orchids. 

Publications: Fiske, 1972, 1974. 

Fiske, R.K. 

1937- ; 

Jan 1972: 

FLORES, A. 

1940- ; 

1980 and 1982: 

U.S.; M.D. Fiske’s son, a Y.M.C.A. executive. 

Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del Condor (with 

B. MACBRYDE, J.E. Simmons, and M.D. Fiske). 

Ecuadorean; Forester (Direccion Nacional ForesNapo, several localities along the Rio 

tal). 

Nap0 between Misahualli and Coca. 

-100 numbers; QAME, QCA. 

Notes: Collections of trees, mostly sterile, in lowland Nap0 

as part of forest inventories carried out by the 

Ecuadorean government. Some wood samples deposited at QAME. Flores was partly assisted by M. 

Chaguaro. 

FOSTER, ROBIN 

1945- ; U.S.; Botanist (The Field Museum of Natural 

History, Chicago, presently at the Smithsonian Tropical 

Research Institute, Barro Colorado Island, Panama). 

Napo, Coca, Parq. Nac. de Yasuni, Limoncocha. 

FULLER, ? 

9 Sep 1977: 

NOS. 3556-3884; F, MO, QCA, AAU. 

1???-19??; U.S., writer (?) 

19??: Pastaza, Rio Bobonaza. 

A small collection; NY (1 st set), US. 

Notes: At least nos. 90, 101, and 128 from the lower 

Bobonaza are cited in the Flora of Ecuador. 

GENTRY, ALWYN H. 

Louis). 

1945- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Feb 1974: Napo, near Lago Agrio, Rio Pushinio. 

Nos. ? fieldbook misplaced (around his nos. 9729-62; 

Napo, Lago Agrio; Auca oil fields. 

Nos. 12400- 12634; MO, QCA, specialist sets. 

Napo, Rio Putumayo, Rio Guepi, mostly on the 

Colombian side (with C. Diaz and N. Jaramillo). Nos. 

21 752-22128; MO, AMAZ, USM, specialist sets. 

21 Jul 1986: Napo, 8 km W of Lumbaqui on Quito-Lago 

Agrio rd., 5 km N of hwy., edge of Cayambe-Coca Nat. 

Park, 0”2’N, 77’25’W and stream crossing -5 km E of 

Lumbaqui (with J.S. Miller). 

MO, QCA, specialist sets. 

Nov 1974: 

May 1978: 

Nos. 54909-54957; MO, QCA, specialist sets. 

Nos. 59875-60268; MO, QAME, specialist sets. 

Dec 1987: 

Dec 1988: 

Napo, Misahualli (with D. Neill). 

Napo, Huamani, Dureno (with C. Blaney and C. 

Ceron). 

Nos. 63988-64367; MO, QAME, specialist sets. 

Notes: 

Publications: Gentry, 1977. 

1???-19??; Ecuadorean; Field assistant of W.H. Camp. 

Itinerary given under CAMP. 

GILL, RICHARD COCHRAN 

18??-19??; U.S.; Writer, friend of W.H. Camp, interested in 

hallucinogens. 

19??: Pastaza, Rio Bobonaza and tributaries, PacayacuSarayacu region. 

Publications: Gill, 1938. 

GILMARTIN, AMY JEAN 

1932-1989; U.S.; Botanist (Professor at the Universidad de 

Guayaquil 1962- 1964; Professor of Botany at 

Washington State Univ., Pullman, Washington). 

Gilmartin resided in Ecuador 1961-1965 and made 

more than lo00 collections, concentrating on Bromeliaceae. During these years she made several collecting 

expeditions (for which a partial itinerary was provided 

by C.A. Palaci, one of her former students; in litt., 

1989); she made no collection below 600 m. Gilmartin’s collections are at US (1 st set), QCA, GH, F, K, and 

P; her note-books are at the Marion Ownbey herbarium, 

Pullman, Washington. 

Specialist on New World Bignoniaceae. 

Giler, Manuel 

Few collections, no. 3 is Bixu orellanu; NY. 

Notes: 

G6mez, Patricia 

195?- ; Ecuadorean; Biology student (Pontificia Univ. 

Sep 1981: Napo, Rio Aguarico, Cuyabeno (with E. 

May 1985: 

Sep-Nov 1985: 

GRUBB, PETER J. 

Cadoica, Quito, presently curator at QCNE). 

B RAV 0- VELA S QUEZ) . Napo, Misahualli (with D. NEILL). 

Nap0 (with R. MARLES, D. Neill, W. 

Palacios, and C. Ceron). 

1935- ; British; Plant ecologist (Univ. of Cambridge; 

School of Botany, Cambridge). 
16 SM ITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Jul-Sep 1960: The forest studied by the main expedition 

was about 7 km E of Tena at -520 m alt. (with J.R. 

Lloyd, T.D. Pennington, and T.C. Whitmore). 

-3000 numbers (starting at no. 1), mostly sterile ecological 

vouchers, but at least 3 10 fertile collections from Tena 

(with on average 4 duplicates) and 170 numbers of 

bryophytes; FHO, K, NY. 

Notes: A general account of the expedition, including a 

map and chapters on botany by Grubb and Whitmore, is 

included in Emerson (1960). 

Publications: Grubb et al., 1963; Grubb and Whitmore, 

1966, 1967. 

Hagberg, Mats 

1954- ; Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Univ. of Goteborg). 

Apr 1985: Zamora-Chinchipe, Zumbi-Paquisha, western 

slopes of Cordillera del Condor (with G. HARLING 

and L. Andersson). 

Notes: 

1944-1989; U.S.; Horticulturist (Marie Selby Botanical 

Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, 1974-1987). 

Jan 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca, Rio Nap0 below Puerto 

Misahualli (with L. BESSE and K. Tan). 

5-6 Oct 198 1 : Morona-Santiago, Sucua-Macas rd. (with 

H.E. LUTHER and L. Besse). 

Nov 1983: Napo, Lago Agrio, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio 

Nap0 at Laguna Taracoa, Rio Coca (with L. BESSE and 

A. Besse). 

HARLING, GUNNAR W. 

Specialist on the genus Monotugmu. 

Halton, Joseph S. 

1920- ; Swedish; Botanist (University of Stockholm, 

since 1963 Dept. of Systematic Botany, Univ. of 

Goteborg). 

19 May-24 Jun 1947: Morona-Santiago, vicinity of MCndez and Patuca on the Rio Namangoza, around 600 m 

altitude. 

A total of 1844 collections (nos. 1-1844) were made in 

Ecuador during the 1946-47 expedition; the collections 

from Patuca are around no. 1 130; S. 

Pastaza, vicinity of Mera and 

Canelos (around nos. 3144-3300); Napo, Coca, and 

Tena (ca. 4-26 Dec, around nos. 3558-3700). The 

collection localities of this and the previous expedition 

are shown on map 19 in Holm-Nielsen et at., 1984. 

5 Nov 1958-4 Jan 1959: 

Some 400 numbers below 600 m ah.; S. 

Feb-Jun 1968: Napo, mostly Ahuano, Santa Rosa, Coca, 

Lago Agrio, Limoncocha, Panacocha, Tiputini, Nuevo 

Rocafuerte; Pastaza and Morona-Santiago, above 600 

m alt. (with G. Storm and B. Strom; map 10 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984). 

Nos. below 600 m alt.: 6944-7746; GB, QCA, S, and 

specialist sets. 

Napo, Santa Rosa, Coca (map 13 in HolmNielsen et al., 1984). 

Feb 1972: 

Nos. 11058-1 1105; GB, QCA, S, and specialist sets. 

Feb-Apr 1974: Napo, vicinity of Coca, Rio Payamino, 

Rio Nap0 between Coca and Hda. San Carlos, 

Coca-Curaray road, 20-30 km S of Coca, Shushufindi; 

Morona-Santiago, LimbMacas rd., at 600 m alt. (with 

L. Andersson; map 11 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984). 

Nos. 11681-11992; 12939-12951; GB, QCA, S, and 

specialist sets. 

Napo, Coca-Curaray rd., 40 km S of Coca, 

Coca-Armenia Vieja, 15 Km S of Coca, Coca-Lago 

Agrio, 40 km NE of Coca, Rio Payamino (with U. 

Eliasson and L. Andersson; and U. Molau, M. Neuendorf, and S. Fransen, who do not appear on the labels); 

map 13 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984). 

Jan 1977: 

Nos. 14739-14820; GB, QCA, S, and specialist sets. 

Feb-Mar 1980: Napo, Lago Agrio-El Conejo rd., Dureno; 

Pastaza, Curaray and vicinity, Rio Villano (with L. 

Andersson and L. Holm-Nielsen; map 12 in HolmNielsen et al., 1984). 

specialist sets. 

Jan 1982: Napo, vicinity of Coca (with J.-E. Bohlin, M. 

Lindstrom, and S. Roth; map 13 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 

1984). 

NOS. 16506-16619; 17317-17714; GB, QCA, S, and 

Nos. 19683-19867; GB, QCA, S, and specialist sets. 

Apr 1985: Zamora-Chinchipe, Zumbi-Paquisha, western 

slopes of Cordillera del Condor (with L. Andersson and 

M. Hagberg). 

NOS. 23854-24160; GB, QCA. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Cyclanthaceae and Compositae and principal editor of the Flora of Ecuador 

series (1 973- ). 

HEINRICHS, ERICA 

Publications: Harling, 1967, 1973, 1979. 

1907- ; German; Gardener and plant collector in Ecuador 

for the Botanic Garden of Berlin-Dahlem from Sep 

1932 until Nov 1935. 

Apr 1933: 

May 1933: 

Jun 1933: 

Jul 1933: Napo, Nuevo Rocafuerte. 

Jan 1935: 

1935: 

Napo, vicinity of Tena, 650 m alt. 

Napo, Archidona, 670 m alt. 

Nos. 273-369; B, partly destroyed, F, G, M, MA, NY, ZT. 

Nos. 370-408; (as above). 

Nos. 409-430; (as above). 

Nos. 431-513; (as above). 

Nos. 795-799; 800-802; (as above). 

Napo, vicinity of Tena. 

Pastaza, Canelos, 600 m ah., Sarayacu, 450 m. 

Morona-Santiago, between Arapicos and Macas, 

800 m alt., vicinity of Macas, 1050 m alt., Rio Upano 

and MCndez, around 600 m. 

NOS. 803-809; 810-812; 813-815. 

Notes: E. Heinrichs currently lives in Hamburg, Germany. 

There is a list of Heinrichs’ collections (nos. 1-lo00 

with usually 12 duplicates) in the archives of the 
NUMBER 82 17 

Botanic Garden of Berlin-Dahlem, but without the 

localities in eastern Ecuador (Hiepko, 1987). During the 

present study, a complete list of Heinrichs’ collecting 

stations was obtained, and copies of this were sent to 

Berlin and Goteborg. It is not possible to say how many 

specimens of the first set at B were saved because the 

collections were filed in the main herbarium. However, 

there are very complete sets in the other herbaria 

mentioned above and there are still some duplicates 

at B. 

Publications: Heinrichs 1936, 1937. 

HEISER, CHARLES B. 

1920- ; 

1962: Napo, Tena. 

1966: Pastaza, Puyo; Napo, Tena. 

1969: Napo, Limoncocha. 

1982: 

U.S.; Botanist (Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington). 

Nos. 4870-4882; IND and specialist set. 

Nos. 6521-6531; (as above). 

Nos. 6893-6899 and 7000-7030; (as above). 

Napo, Tena, Baeza, and near Zamora above 600 m 

alt. 

Nos. 8207; 8248-825 1; 8253-8255; (as above). 

Nos. 8804-8810; (as above). 

1988: 

Notes: 

Morona-Santiago, Rio Palora, above 600 m alt. 

Specialist on Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. Not all 

collections are plant specimens; some are insects or 

seed collections. Heiser concentrated mostly on Solanum and other solanaceous plants. 

Publications: Heiser, 1971. 

1950- ; 

Apr 1986: 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical palms. 

1929- ; 

15-17 Aug 1978: Napo, near jct. of Coca-Nap0 road, 

Limoncocha, Pompeia, and Laguna Taracoa. 

Nos. 6419-6454; K, the mosses were given to C.C. 

Townsend and willed to the BM, the hepatics were 

likewise given to BM, the liverworts to E.W. Jones, 

OXF. 

Notes: Several collections were live bromeliads and 

orchids, most are unicates and, with the exceptions 

mentioned above, kept at K. 

Henderson, Andrew 

New York). 

Borchsenius K.). 

British; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, 

Napo, Anangu (with H. BALSLEV and F. 

HEPPER, F. NIGEL 

British; Botanist (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 

HERMANN, FREDERICK JOSEPH 

1906-1987; U.S.; employed by the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, curator of the U.S. Forest Service Herbarium. 

1964: Napo, Limoncocha. 

Notes: At least one number, a fern specimen housed in US, 

is cited in Flora ofEcuador, 18: 109. The specimen was 

part of a small lot or a unicate (Lellinger, in litt., 

September 1990). For biographical notes on Hermann 

see Taxon, 37509, 1988. 

HIRTZ, ALEXANDER 

1945- ; Ecuadorean; Mining Engineer. 

Notes: Hirtz collects and photographs orchids and bromeliads as an avocation. He has made over 500 collections 

of orchids, but few in the eastern lowlands. His 

collections include a number of types of species 

described by C.H. Dodson, C.L. Luer, and H.E. Luther. 

Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus, presently at the Danish Research Academy). 

Napo, Tena, Puerto Napo, Rio Payamino, 

Rio Suno, Archidona, Yuralpa; Pastaza, Shell-Mera 

(with S. Jeppesen). 

This expedition is reported on in Holm-Nielsen and 

Jeppesen, 1968, and the collecting stations are also 

shown on map 1 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

QCNE, C, GB, GH, K, MO, NY, S, UC. 

Feb-Jul 1973: The 2nd Danish botanical expedition to 

Ecuador worked mostly above 600 m ah., but some 

collections were made in Morona-Santiago, near Bomboiza, at 800 m alt. (with S. Jeppesen, B. Lojtnant, and 

B. Ollgaard). The expedition is reported on in HolmNielsen et al., 1975. 

s, uc. 

Aug 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio Napo, Rio 

Tiputini, Nuevo Rocafuerte, Rio Yasuni, Lagartococha, 

Rio Aguarico (with J. Jaramillo and F. Coello). 

For collection localities of this and the next three expeditions 

see map 4 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

specialist sets. 

R. Andrade, partly only with R. Alarc6n). 

GB, S, and specialist sets. 

Napo, Rio Aguarico, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas, 

Rio Aguas Negras, Puerto Montlifar, Rio Cuyabeno, 

Rio Aguarico, Dureno (p.p. with J. Jaramillo, J. 

Brandbyge, C.C. Berg, and G. Harling). 

Nos. 21023-21754; AAU, QCNE, GB, S, and specialist 

sets. 

Pastaza, Curaray (Jesus Pitishka), Rio Villano 

(with G. Harling, J. Jaramillo, and F. Coello). 

HOLM-NIELSEN, LAURITZ 

1946- ; 

Apr-Aug 1968: 

NOS. 340-587; 633-933; 934-999; 1ooO-1056; A AU, 

NOS. 4152-4301; AAU, QCNE, C, GB, GH, K, MO, NY, 

NOS. 19601-20285; AAU, QCA, QCNE, GB, S, and 

Aug 1979: Napo, Misahualli (partly with R. Alarcon and 

NOS. 19101-19142; 19364-19565; AAU, QCA, QCNE, 

Feb 1980: 

Mar 1980: 

Nos. 21804-22740; AAU, QCNE, GB, S. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Passifloraceae and aquatic 

plants (Alismataceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Juncaginaceae, Najadaceae, 

Potamogetonaceae, Zannichelliaceae). Resident bota- 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

nist and professor at Pontificia Univ. Catolica, Quito 

Publications: Holm-Nielsen and Haynes, 1986; Haynes 

and Holm-Nielsen, 1986; Holm-Nielsen and Jorgensen, 

1986; Holm-Nielsen et al., 1975, 1988. 

1979- 198 1. 

HOPKINS, HELEN C. 

1953- ; British; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden 

and Univ. of Oxford, presently Wau Ecology Institute, 

Papua, New Guinea). 

Jan 1984: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

Jan 1984: 

Notes: 

Publications: Hopkins, 1986. 

19??- ; 

Feb 1973: 

-5 numbers (Parkia); AAU, NY, QCA. 

-20 numbers; A AU, NY, QCA. 

Napo, Cuyabeno (with H. Balslev). 

Specialist on the genus Parkia. 

HUMBLES, JACK 

U.S; Amateur botanist (American Peace Corps). 

Napo, Ahuano, Puerto Napo. 

Few numbers; US, some in AAU. 

IRVINE, DOMINIQUE 

1952- ; 

Feb 1982-Apr 1984: Napo, San Jose de Payamino. 

U.S.; Anthropologist (Stanford Univ., Stanford). 

Nos. DI 101-DI 1147; F, QCA, AAU, Q, and specialist 

sets. 

Dec 1983: Napo, San Jose de Payamino (with H. BALSLEV). 

1982-1984: Napo, Payamino, 40 km W of Coca (partly 

with M. Puraquilla and H. Jipa). 

Notes: Anthropological research on the Runa (Quichua) 

Indians; Irvine’s botanical collections are mostly sterile 

transect vouchers. 

Publications: Irvine, 1987. 

1825-1 866; Spanish; Botanist (Member of the “Comision 

Cientifica del Pacifico,” which traveled in South 

America 1862- 1865). 

Mar-Jul 1865: Napo, Archidona (around nos. 1305-1355 

and again around 1802, 1803), Coca and vicinity 

(around no. 1390), Puerto Nap0 (around nos. 1470- 

1557) some from slopes of Sumaco (around no. 1584). 

Perhaps 500 numbers in the lowlands; MA, many 

duplicates in GB. 

Isem’s itinerary can partly be reconstructed from 

numbered specimens cited in the Flora of Ecuador; see 

also Diels (1 937:47) and Cuatrecasas (1935). Isern’s 

collections were first studied by Cuatrecasas, who in 

1935 started the series Plantae lsernianae. Plantae 

Isernianae IZ by H. Sleumer (1936) deals with the 

Ericaceae and Plantae Isernianae III by W. Trelease 

(1941) with the Piperaceae. Miller (1968) describes the 

expedition of which Isem y Bat11o was a member. 

1796-1 873; Scottish; Physician and botanist (Professor of 

ISERN Y BATLLO, JUAN 

Notes: 

JAMESON, WILLIAM 

chemistry and botany at Univ. Central, Quito, 1826- 

1873). 

Jan-May 1857: Napo, Archidona (in Feb), Tena, Puerto 

Napo, Ahuano, Santa Rosa and back. 

At least his nos. 716-724 are from the eastern lowlands; K 

(1st set), B, BM, C, CGE, E, F, FI, G, MA, OXF, P, PH, 

Q, S, NY, US, W. 

Notes: Jameson’s letters and a portrait by A. Salas are at 

Kew, a further portrait is in the Hunt collection, 

Pittsburgh. Spruce (1908:342) provides a clue as to why 

Jameson made so few collections in the Oriente. 

Also interesting is an obituary notice by Anderson-Henry 

(1 876). 

Publications: Jameson, 1858, 1865. 

JARAMILLO AZANSA, JAIME LUIS 

1944- ; Ecuadorean; Botanist (Pontificia Univ. Catolica, 

Quito). 

Mar 1978: Napo, Archidona, Tena, Puerto Napo, 

Misahualli, Coca, and vicinity. This expedition is 

reported on by Jaramillo and Coello, 1982, and the 

collection localities of this and Jaramillo’s next five 

expeditions are shown on map 8 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 

1984. 

Aug 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca oil fields, Rio Napo, Rio 

Tiputini, Nuevo Rocafuerte, Rio Yasuni, Lagartococha, 

Rio Aguarico (with L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN and F. 

Coello). 

NOS. 67- 102, 125-209; QCA, A AU. 

Jan 1980: Napo, vicinity of Coca. 

Feb 1980: Napo, Rio Aguarico, San Pablo de 10s Secoyas, 

Rio Aguas Negras, Puerto Montuifar, Rio Cuyabeno, 

Rio Aguarico, Dureno (with L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN 

and J. Brandbyge). 

Mar 1980: Pastaza, Curaray (Jesus Pitishka), Rio Villano 

(with L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN and F. Coello). 

18 May-7 Jun 1980: Pastaza, Lorocachi, Rio Curaray, 

Ceilan, Rio Cononaco (J. BRANDBYGE, F. Coello, 

and A. Freire (a snake expert from Guayaquil)). 

Jun-Jul 1980: Napo, Lago Agrio, Rio Aguarico, San 

Pablo de 10s Secoyas, Cuyabeno, Comunidad Siona, 

Comunidad Cofan (with F. Coello). 

NOS. 2172-2203; QCA, AAU. 

NOS. 2590-3041; QCA, AAU. 

Aug 1980: Pastaza, Tiwaeno (Comunidad Waorani), 

Toiiampari (Comunidad Waorani), Rio Curaray, Tzapino (Comunidad Waorani); Napo, Campana Cocha 

(Comunidad Quichua), Misahualli (with F. Coello). 

NOS. 3192-3823; QCA, AAU. 

Jan 1981: Napo, Rio Nap0 between Misahualli and Coca 

(with F. Coello). 

NOS. 4049-4083; QCA, AAU. 

Feb 1981: Napo, Coca, Nuevo Rocafuerte (with F. Coello). 

NOS. 4 138-4652; QCA, A AU. 
NUMBER 82 19 

26 Aug 1983: Zamora-Chinchipe, Tunanza, Finca de 

Vicente Berru, above 600 m alt. 

NOS. 5924-5939; QCA. 

20-31 Jul and 1-2 Aug 1984: Napo, Cuyabeno, Laguna 

Cafiangueno. 

22-28 Apr 1986: 

22-23 May 1987: 

NOS. 68 18-6959; QCA. 

Napo, Cuyabeno (with K. Romoleroux). 

Napo, rd. Santa Barbara to La Bonita, 

NOS. 8380-8527; QCA. 

above 600 m alt. 

NOS. 7662-7730; QCA. 

May-Jun 1987: Napo, Est. Exp. Payamino, INIAP station 

“El Chuncho.” 

NOS. 8342-8367; QCA. 

Jun-Jul 1987: Napo, INIAP station at San Carlos. 

19-20 Aug 1986: Napo, Tarapoa. 

21 -24 Aug 1986: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

28-30 Dec 1986: Napo, rd. Playon de San Francisco-Santa 

Nos. 8368-8379 and 8379A; QCA. 

NOS. 9004-9029; QCA. 

NOS. 9030-9 10 1; QCA. 

Bhrbara-La Bonita, above 600 m alt. 

NOS. 93 13-9367; QCA. 

1-2 Aug 1987: Napo, Payamino, INIAP station, and 

Cafion de 10s Monos. 

NOS. 9687-9694 and 9695-9698; QCA. 

Publications: Jaramillo and Coello, 1982. 

Jaramillo, N. 

19??- ; Colombian; Botanical collector. 

May 1978: Napo, Rio Putumayo, mostly on the Colombian 

Jensen, Allan R. 

side (with A. GENTRY and C. Diaz). 

195?- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Jul 1982: Napo, Anangu (with B. OLLGAARD. B.B. 

Jeppesen, Stig 

Aarhus University, Denmark). 

Larsen, and N.H. Andreasen). 

1943- ; Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. 

Apr-Aug 1968: Napo; Pastaza (with L.B. HOLMItinerary given under HOLM-NIELSEN. 

Notes: Specialist on Campanulaceae. 

Publications: Jeppesen, 198 1. 

19??- ; 

1982-1984: Napo, San Jose de Payamino (with D. 

Aarhus). 

NIELSEN). 

Jipa, H. 

Ecuadorean; Field assistant of D. IRVINE. 

IRVINE). 

Jorgensen, H. 

1915- ; 

Notes: 

Danish; Field assistant of W.H. Camp (presently 

living in Guayaquil where he works as a car mechanic). 

Jorgensen had panned gold in the eastern cordillera 

for several years and had come to be on friendly terms 

with the Jivaros (Joyal, 1987). He collected independently or with Prieto (e.g., “JP-58”). 

Jorgensen, Peter Moller 

1958- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University). 

Feb-Aug 1983: Napo, Anangu, Rio Yasunii Garza-Cocha, 

Lagartococha (with J. LAWESSON and T. Laessoe). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Passifloraceae. Resident 

botanist and professor at Pontificia Univ. Catdlica, 

Quito, 1986- 1989. 

Jorgensen et al., 1984, 1987; Holm-Nielsen, 

Jorgensen, and Lawesson, 1988. 

1704-1 779; French; Botanist and explorer. 

1739: 

Notes: 

Publications: 

JUSSIEU, JOSEPH DE 

Zaruma, which is about 60 km NW of Loja; P. 

Jussieu was in Ecuador from 1739-1748, then went 

on south to Lima. Most of Jussieu’s plants seem to 

come from higher elevations, but at least the type of 

Cfidemia heterophyfla (Dew.) Gleason, labeled as from 

“Peruvia,” may come from lowland Zamora-Chinchipe 

(Wurdack, 1980, and pers. comm.). 

Kassow, P. 

1952- ; 

Feb 1988: Pastaza, Sarayacu (with B.B. KLITGAARD). 

1944- ; U.S.; Botanist. (During the 1982 expedition, 

Kennedy was employed by the Univ. of Manitoba, 

Winnipeg; during the 1971 expedition, she was at the 

Univ. of California, Davis; and during the 1978 

expedition, she was associated with the Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu, Hawaii, but the expedition was funded 

entirely by the Mane Selby Botanical Gardens; presently Univ. of British Colombia). 

Napo, across river from San Miguel, Rio 

Putumayo, Colombia. 

Danish; B.B. Klitgaard’s companion. 

KENNEDY, HELEN 

4 Feb 1971: 

Nos. 789-8 10; DUKE and personal collection. 

16-17 Jun 1978: Pastaza, Puyo, above 600 m alt. 

29 Jun 1978: Napo, 50 km W of Lago Agrio toward Baeza 

NOS. 3860-3908; SEL. 

(with L. Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4264-4270; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

30 Jun 1982: Napo, road Lago Agrio to Rio San Miguel 

(with L. Besse who kept her own fieldbook and R. 

Baker) . NOS. 4242-4278; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

1 Jul 1982: Napo, vicinity of Santa Cecilia (with L. Besse 

and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4279-4285; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

2 and 14 Jul 1982: Napo, road Lago Agrio to Coca (with L. 

Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4268-4293; 4352; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

3 and 13 Jul 1982: Napo, vicinity of Coca and road to Auca 

oil fields (with L. Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4294-4306; 4341; A AU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

4-6 Jul 1982: Napo, road Coca to Armenia Vieja (with L. 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4307-4321; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

8-11 Jul 1982: 

Baker). 

UBC. 

and R. Baker). 

Napo, Anangu (with L. BESSE and R. 

Nos. 4322-4347 (excl. 4341); AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, 

14 Jul 1982: Napo, vicinity of Lago Agrio (with L. Besse 

NOS. 4348-435 1; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

15 Jul 1982: Napo, road Lago Agrio to Rio San Miguel 

(with L. Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4353-4356; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

17-19 Jul 1982: Napo, Tena-Pano road and vicinity of 

Tena (with L. Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4359-4383; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

20 Jul 1982: Pastaza and Napo, along Puyo-Tena road 

(with L. Besse and R. Baker). 

NOS. 4371-4377; AAU, GB, QCA, SEL, UBC. 

Notes: 

Publications: 

Specialist on neotropical Marantaceae. No speciKennedy, 1984, 1985, 1986a,b, Kennedy et 

mens were deposited at WIN and HLA. 

al., 1988. 

KLITGAARD, BENTE BANG 

1959- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University). 

Nov-Dec 1987: Napo, Cuyabeno, 30 km N of Coca, 

Coca-Lago Agrio rd. (with U. Blicher-Mathiesen, who 

also collected under her own number series). 

Nos. 67009-6701 8; AAU, QCA, and further sets. 

Nos. 67029-6703 1 ; A AU, QCA, and further sets. 

Nos. 67045-67048; AAU, QCA, and further sets. 

Nos. 67049; AAU, QCA, and further sets. 

Jan 1988: Napo, Jatun Sacha. 

Feb 1988: 

Mar 1988: Napo, Rio Huambuno. 

Notes: Concentrated on Brownea. 

1956- ; 

Jan 1984: 

Pastaza, Sarayacu (with P. Kassow). 

KNAPP, SANDRA 

US; Botanist (L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell 

Univ., presently The Natural History Museum, London. 

Nos. 6148-6307, not all from the eastern lowlands; QCA 

Napo, Misahualli (with J. Mallet). 

and QCNE. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Solanaceae. 

1960- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

30 Sep-25 Oct 1983: 

30 Nov 1983: 

1-1 1 Dec 1983: 

14-25 Jan 1985: 

KORNING, JORGEN 

Aarhus University). 

Napo, Anangu (with K. Thomsen). 

Nos. 47000-4721 2; A AU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Nos. 47354-47366; A AU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Nos. 47367-47415; AAU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Napo, Tarapoa (with K. Thomsen). 

Napo, Anangu (with K. Thomsen). 

Napo, Anangu (with B. OLLGAARD 

and K. Thomsen). 

2 Apr-6 May 1985: Napo, Anangu (with K. Thomsen). 

9 Jan-20 Feb 1986: Napo, Anangu (with K. Thomsen). 

Notes: Working together with Thomsen in the SEF project 

(Studies of Ecuadorean Forests) on the composition and 

structure of different forest types at Anangu. 

Nos. 5861 1-58743; AAU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Nos. 4741 6-47834; A AU, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Publications: Korning et al., 1991. 

1951- ; U.S.; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida, presently National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.). 

27 Feb-1 Mar 1988: Napo, vicinity of Tena and Coca 

(with HE. Luther and C. Roesel). 

KRESS, W. JOHN 

NOS. 882340-882392; SEL, QCNE, US. 

27 Feb-1 Mar 1988: 

Notes: Specialist on Heliconiaceae. 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Field Assistant? (Ministerio de 

Agricultura y Ganaderia, Quito). 

1975-1976: Napo, Tenitorio de 10s Aucas, Lago Agrio 

(with R.A.A. OLDEMAN, H.G. Oldeman, A. Arevalo, 

and G. Morales). 

Napo, vicinity of Tena, Coca, and 

Aldag (with H.E. LUTHER and C. Roesel). 

Lara, ? 

Nov 1976: 

1956- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University, presently with the County 

Adminstration, Ringkobing, Denmark). 

Napo, Aiiangu (with J. LUTEYN, B. 

Boom, S. Mori, B. Ollgaard, H. Balslev, A. Jensen, S. 

Clemants, and J. Boeke in various combinations). 

Napo, Puerto Quito (with A. AREVALO). 

Larsen, Bo Boysen 

29 May-3 Jul 1982: 

LAWESSON, JONAS E. 

Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus). 

Napo, Anangu, Rio Yasuni, Garza-Cocha, 

Lagartococha (with T. Laessoe and P.M. Jorgensen). 

The collection localities of this expedition are shown on 

map 9 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

QCA, QCNE. 

cha, Rio Yasuni. 

1959- ; 

Feb-Aug 1983: 

NOS. 39300-39413; 39414-3961 1; 39612-39829; AAU, 

Pastaza, Banos-Puyo road; Napo, Garza Cocha, LagartocoNOS. 43287-43572; 44230-44499; A AU, QCA, QCNE. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Passifloraceae. 

Publications: 

1958- ; 

Co-author of Holm-Nielsen et al., 1988. 

Danish; Botany student (Botanical Institute, Univ. 

of Aarhus; Botanical Museum, Univ. of Copenhagen, 

presently at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 

Napo, Anangu, Rio Yasuni, Garza-Cocha, 

Lagartococha (with J. LAWESSON and P. Moller 

LAESSaE, THOMAS 

Feb-Aug 1983: 
NUMBER 82 

Jorgensen). Phanerogams were collected by P.M. 

Jorgensen and J. Lawesson; T. Laessoe concentrated on 

fungi, which he collected under his own number series. 

NOS. 43095-4327 1, 43575-43803, 4461 7-44986; 

43414-43425, 43475-43487, 43515-43533, 43539; 

44223-44229,44500-446 16; A AU, C, QCA. 

Jun-Aug 1985: Napo, Anangu, Laguna Taracoa. 

NOS. 59501-59822, 59950-59999, 60801 -60804; A AU, 

C, QCA. 

Notes: 

Publications: Laessoe et al., 1989. 

1933- ; Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Jan 1984: Napo, vicinity of Cuyabeno. 

Feb 1984: Napo, Rio Aguarico. 

Jul 1984: Napo, vicinity of Cuyabeno. 

May-Jun 1988: 

Concentrating on fungi, especially Xylariaceae. 

LAEGAARD, SIMON 

Aarhus). 

Nos. 5 107 1-5 1263; A AU, QCA, numerous duplicate sets. 

Nos. 5 1394-5 1593; A AU, QCA, numerous duplicate sets. 

Nos. 52504-52584; A AU, QCA, numerous duplicate sets. 

Napo, Waimo basecamp of the Conoco oil 

company, -40 km east of Coca; vicinity of Loreto and 

vicinity of Jatun Sacha. 

Nos. 71048-71067 and 71259-71324; AAU, QCA, 

numerous duplicate sets. 

Napo, airstrip of the Conoco oil company, 

at Rio Tivacuno in the Yasuni National Park, also near 

Misahualli (with B. BERGMA” and S.S. Renner). 

Specialist on neotropical grasses. Resident botanist 

and professor at Pontificia Univ. Catolica, Quito, 

May-Jun 1988: 

Notes: 

1984-1 985. 

LESCURE, JEAN-PAUL 

1945- ; French; Ecologist (ORSTOM). 

1983-1984: Napo, Coca, Lago Agrio. 

Notes: Working mainly on the ethnobotany of the Siona/ 

Publications: Lescure et al., 1987. 

1958- ; Danish; Anthropology student (Aarhus UniverAug 1981: Napo, for full itinerary see BRANDBYGE 

Nos. 2000-2277; QCA, P, and specialist set. 

Secoya Indians. 

Leth-Nissen, Soren 

sity, presently Moesgard Museum, Hojbjerg). 

(with J. BRANDBYGE, E. Azanza, and L. Werling). 

Lindstrom, Marie 

1954- ; Swedish; Botany student (Dept. of Systematic 

Jan 1982: Napo, vicinity of Coca (with G. HARLING, 

Notes: Concentrating on lichens. 

1907- ; 

ton, D.C.). 

1-7 Aug 1975: 

Botany, Univ. of Goteborg). 

J.-E. Bohlin, and S. Roth). 

LITTLE, Jr., ELBERT LUTHER 

U.S.; Dendrologist (US. Forest Service, WashingNapo, Lago Agrio, Rio Aguarico, Tarapoa, 

21 

Shushufindi (with G. Campuzano). This expedition was 

part of an FA0 project (UNDP/FAO-ECU/71/527). The 

collecting localities and specimen numbers may be 

found in a typed report co-authored by the participants 

and entitled “Catalogo de la flora del Nororiente 

Ecuatoriano,” produced by the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Dir. General de Desanollo Forestal, 

Conocoto, Ecuador, 2nd “impresion” dated May 1978 

(copy in the author’s personal library at AAU). 

Nos. 1-95, 185 (-87 collections below 600 m alt.); COL 

(1 st set), QAME, US, S, Q, and two further sets. 

Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza, 700 m 

alt., Logroiio, base of Cutucu mountains, at 1200 m alt., 

Sucua, at 1000 m ah., Puerto Morona, Taisha, Santiago, 

and Shiramentsa (with A.T. Ortega U., A. Samaniego 

V., and F.A. Vivar). 

This expedition was part of a project of the Ministerio de 

Agricultura y Ganaderia and the Subcomisi6n 

Ecuadoriana PREDESUR de 10s Bosques del Sur. It 

was directed by the head-forester in Ecuador, Enrique 

Laso Gonzhlez, a former student of E. Little. The four 

participants co-authored a (typed) report in Dec 1975, 

entitled “Una coleccion de 10s arboles del suroriente del 

Ecuador (informe preliminar),” from which the collecting localities and specimen numbers are taken (copy in 

the author’s personal library at AAU). 

687-749; 750-766; 777-797; COL (1st set), QAME, 

LOJA, US, Q, and specialist set. 

Little came to Ecuador for the US Forest Service in 

1943, 1965, and 1975 to help survey the timber 

resources in coastal Ecuador (especially Esmeraldas), 

Napo, and Morona-Santiago. The fieldbook of the 1965 

expedition was lost in Ecuador, the fieldbook of the 

1975 expedition is in Little’s personal library (Little, 

pers. comm., 1988). 

27 Sep-16 Oct 1975: 

NOS. 360-401; 478-488; 489-591 ; 592-600; 666-67 1; 

Notes: 

Publications: Little and Dixon, 1969. 

Lloyd, J.R. 

1939- ; British; Botanist (Exeter College, Oxford). 

Jul-Sep 1960: Napo, vicinity of Tena (with P.J. GRUBB, 

Publications: Co-author of Grubb et al., 1963. 

1946- ; 

T.D. Pennington, and T.C. Whitmore). 

LPIJTNANT, BERNT 

Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus, presently at Lojtnant Consult, Randers, Denmark). 

17-22 May 1979: 

10-1 1 Jun 1979: 

Pastaza, Montalvo (with U. Molau). 

Nos. 13307-13601; AAU, GB, and specialist sets. 

Morona-Santiago, Limon-Mendez rd., 24 

km from Limo0n,Mendez-Paute rd., 850-600 m alt. 

(with U. Molau). The collection localities of the 1979 

expedition are shown on map 3 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 

1984. 
22 

Nos. 14509-14522; AAU, GB, QCA, and specialist sets. 

Notes: Specialist on orchids. 

Publications: Lojtnant, 1977a-c. 

Lowell, Karen 

19??- ; 

icago). 

Sep-Nov 1985: 

BAKER). 

Notes: 

Indians. 

LUER, CARLYLE A. 

U.S.; Pharmacy student (Univ. of Illinois, ChMorona-Santiago, Bomboiza (with M.A. 

Studying the ethnopharmacology of the Ashuar 

1922- ; U.S.; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida; presently associated with the Missouri Botanical Garden). 

21 Feb 1982: Napo, Tena (with A. Hirtz). 

Feb 1987, Jan 1989: Morona-Santiago, Mendez-Morona 

rd., southern edge of Cordillera de Cutucu (with A. 

Hirtz). 

At least one Acanthaceae and some orchids (SEL). 

Nos. 12637- 12668; 13949- 14002; MO, and further sets. 

Notes: Luer concentrates on pleurothallid orchids; he has 

made PO collections below 600 m. 

LUGO S., HOLGUER 

1941- ; Ecuadorean; Resident collector for G. Harling 

from 1968 to 1981. 

Jun-Oct 1968: Pastaza, mostly Mera and Puyo, above 600 

m; Napo, Puerto Napo, Hda. Latas, Apuya, Ahuano, 

Santa Rosa. 

Nos. 1-611; GB (1st set), AAU, MO, NY, QCA, 

and S. 

Mar-May 1969: Pastaza, mostly around Mera, Sarayacu, 

and Arosemena Tola; Napo, around Tena, Archidona, 

Misahualli, and Ahuano. 

Nos. 612-1327; (as above). 

Jan-Apr 197 1 : Pastaza, Rio Bobonaza, Nalpi, Tolin, 

Pucho, Chiquita, Canelos, Pacayacu, Sarayacu. Nos. 

1328-1889; (as above). 

Pastaza, around Mera; Napo, Rio Napo, 

especially Santa Rosa, Sumino, Guarapunta, and Rio 

Bueno. 

Apr-Jun 1972: 

Nos. 1890-2501; (as above). 

Jan-Apr 1973: Napo, Coca area, Aguarico, Shushufindi, 

Lago Agrio, and Santa Cecilia; also along road Lago 

Agrio to Chaco. 

Nos. 2502-3817; (as above). 

Oct-Nov 1974: Pastaza, Rio Bobonaza, Canelos, Sarayacu, also along road Puyo to Macas (MoronaSantiago). 

Sep-Oct 1976: 

Nos. 38 18-481 2; (as above). 

Localities as in 1974 and Pastaza, Puyopungo, and Pomona. 

Nos. 48 13-5 18 I ; (as above). 

Aug-Sep 1979: Pastaza, Arajuno, and vicinity, Rio Bobonaza, especially Pacayacu, Sarayacu, Copataza, ShigSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

uacocha, and Teresa Mama. 

Nos. 5 182-5890; (as above). 

Apr 198 1 : Pastaza, Arajuno; Morona-Santiago, Arapicos 

along Rio Palora. 

Nos. 5891-6130; (as above). 

Notes: H. Lug0 lives in Mera, Pastaza; his collection 

localities from 1968-1981 are shown on map 15 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

LUGO R., MANUEL 

1918- ; Ecuadorean; Resident collector for E. Asplund 

and G. Harling. 

Notes: M. Lugo, H. Lugo’s father, collected about 300 

numbers from Mera and vicinity during the 1940s; first 

set at S. (Information supplied by G. Harling.) 

LUTEYN, JAMES 

1948- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York). 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with B. Ollgaard, B.B. Larsen, 

and A. Jensen). OLLGAARD also collected under his 

own number series. 

Nos. 8493-8520; NY (1st set), QPNRA, AAU, GB, QCA. 

Nos. 852 1-8536; (as above). 

Nos. 8437-8546; (as above). 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with S. Mori). 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with B. Olllgaard, B.B. Larsen). 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu (with B. Ollgaard, B.B. Larsen, 

H. Balslev, S. Clemants, and J. Boeke). 

Nos. 8547-8579; (as above). 

Jul 1982: Napo, Anangu (with H. Balslev, S. Clemants, 

and J. Boeke). 

Nos. 8580-8726; (as above). 

Nos. 8979-9122; (as above). 

Feb 1983: Napo, Anangu (with H. Balslev and J. Pipoly). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Ericaceae. 

Publications: Luteyn, 1983; co-author of Balslev et al., 

1987. 

LUTHER, HARRY E. 

1952- ; 

5-6 Oct 1981: 

U.S.; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Morona-Santiago, Sucua-Macas rd. (with 

Sarasota, Florida). 

L. Besse and J.S. Halton). 

NOS. 695-700; SEL, US, QCA. 

27 Feb-1 Mar 1988: Napo, vicinity of Tena, Coca, and 

A16ag (with J. Kress and C. Roesel). KRESS also 

collected under his own number series. 

NOS. 1272-1284; SEL, US, QCNE. 

Notes: Specialist on Bromeliaceae. 

1941- ; U.S.; Botanist (The Missouri Botanical Garden, 

St. Louis, presently at the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 

Washington, D.C.). 

197 1 - 1972: Napo, Santa Cecilia; Pastaza; MoronaSantiago (mostly with J.D. Dwyer and with J.E. 

Simmons). 

MACBRYDE, BRUCE 
NUMBER 82 23 

-lo00 numbers; MO, QCA, Q, US. 

Jan 197 1 : Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza and environs, 

above 600 m alt. (with M.D. Fiske). 

Jan 1972: Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del Cbndor, 

above 600 m alt. (with M.D. Fiske, J.E. Simmons, and 

R.K. Fiske). 

Apr 1972: 

Notes: Resident in Quito, 1970-1972. 

1947- ; 

Pastaza, Mera, and Puyo, above 600 m alt. 

MADISON, MICHAEL T. 

U.S.; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida, presently a medical editor at the Univ. 

of California, Davis). 

Around 16 Jan 1976: Morona-Santiago, vicinity of Logroiio, 800-1000 m alt. (with F.R. Coleman); SEL. 

12 Nov- 1 Dec 1976: Morona-Santiago, Cordillera de 

Cutucu, general area 2”46’S, 78”06’W, between 1200 

and 1800 m (partly with E.O. Bush, 111, and E.W. 

Davis); SEL. 

16-19 Jun 1978: Napo, Limoncocha (with T Plowman 

and L. Besse). 

Nos. 5296-5501; SEL, F, QCA, AAU; some collections in 

US, MO, K, S, NY, BH, COL, FTG, W. 

Specialist on neotropical Araceae; also concentrating on Peperomia, particularly during the Cutucli 

expedition. Among Madison’s achievements must be 

mentioned his expedition to Cerro Sumaco in 1979 

(April 26-May 6) together with U. Molau and B. 

Lojtnant. Collections (nos. 6847-6974) were made 

between 3200 and 3830’m alt. Madison’s fieldbooks are 

kept at SEL (seen by the author, January 1991); J. 

Luteyn, NY, keeps a copy of the pages concerning the 

Cutucui expeditions. 

Notes: 

Madsen, Eilef 

19??- ; 

Nov 1976: Napo, Coca (with H. BALSLEV). 

Mallet, James 

1955- ; 

Jan 1984: Napo, Misahualli (with S. KNAPP). 

1956- ; Canadian; Pharmacologist and ethnobotanist 

Sep-Nov 1985: Napo, upper Rio Nap0 area (with D. Neill, 

Danish; Resident in Ecuador. 

U.S.; Entomologist (Univ. of Texas, Austin). 

MARLES, ROBIN J. 

(College of Pharmacy, Univ. of Illinois). 

W. Palacios, P. Gomez, and C. Ceron). 

Nos. EEl-EE140; F, MO, some duplicates at QCA. 

Notes: Marles collected medicinal plant vouchers and 

interviewed Quichua Indian medicine men as part of a 

doctoral dissertation project, which also included 

chemical/pharmacological analyses of selected plant 

species. 

Publications: Marles et al., 1988. 

McColm, M. 

1955- ; U.S. Environmental education student (Univ. of 

May 1985: 

California). 

Nap0 (with D. NEILL and A. Suarez). 

McELROY, JEFF B. 

19??- ; U.S.; Botany student (Harvard Univ., Cambridge, 

Massachusetts). 

Dec 1976-Jan 1977: Morona-Santiago, Rio Macuma; 

Pastaza, Montalvo, Rio Bobonazo, Rio Conambo. 

Around nos. 106-379; QCA, GH, and specialist sets. 

Dec 1976: 

19??- ; Ecuadorean. 

Undated: Nap0 (with VILLEGAS). 

MEXIA, YN6S ENRIQUETA JULIETTA 

1870-1938; American; Botanical collector (Univ. of California). 

Mar-Apr 1935: Banos, Mera, Puyo, Rio Bobonaza near 

Canelos, back to Puyo and Mera, via Zatzayacu to 

Puerto Napo, Tena, Rio Misahualli, Archidona (on via 

Cosanga to Baeza). 

Around nos. 6827-6957 (lowland Pastaza) and 7066- 

7320 (lowland Napo); UC, F, GH, ILL, K, LA, NA, 

NY, PH, U, US (a very complete set). 

Mexia, Washington-born daughter of a Mexican 

general and an American lady, made almost ZOO0 

collections in Ecuador, -400 of them in the eastern 

lowlands. Her itinerary has been reconstructed from the 

collection numbers of cited specimens. Biographical 

information on Mexia is given by Bracelin (1935, 1938) 

and Ewan (1971); A. Carter conducted interviews 

with Mexia: “The Ynes Mexia botanical collections, 

an oral history,” Berkeley: Regional Oral History 

Office. 

Napo, Cosanga area (with J.D. BOEKE). 

Meneses, ? 

Notes: 

MILLER, JAMES SPENCER 

1953- ; U.S.; Botany student (Missouri Botanical Garden, 

St. Louis). 

21 Jun-10 Jul 1986: Napo, vicinity of Jatun Sacha, near 

Misahualli (partly with School of Field Studies Medical 

Botany Class, partly with J.J. Anderson, and partly with 

W. Wilbert). 

Nos. 2147-2559; MO, QCA, and duplicate sets. 

21 Jul 1986: 

Notes: 

Boston. 

Napo, Lumbaqui area (with A. GENTRY). 

Specialist on Boraginaceae, at the time based in 

Molau, Anna 

1955- ; 

Notes: A. Molau accompanied B. LOJTNANT and U. 

Swedish; former wife of U. Molau. 

Molau during part of their 1979 expedition. 

MOLAU, ULF 

1951- ; Swedish; Botanist (Dept. of Systematic Botany, 

Univ. of Goteborg). 

17-22 May 1979: Pastaza, Montalvo (with B. L0JTNANT). 

10-1 1 Jun 1979: Morona-Santiago, Limon-Mendez rd., 24 

km from Limon, Mendez-Paute rd., 850-600 m alt. 

(with B. LOJTNANT). 
24 

Mar 1985: Napo, Coca (with L. Ohman). The itinerary of 

this expedition is shown on a map in 0llgaard and 

Molau, 1986:79. 

Few collections below 600 m alt., around no. 1551; GB, 

QCA, S, AAU. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Scrophulariaceae. 

Publications: 

19??- ; Colombian; Botanist, living in Popayan, Colombia. 

1975-1976: Napo, Tenitorio de 10s Aucas, Lago Agrio 

(with R.A.A. OLDEMAN, H.G. Oldeman, A. Arevalo, 

G.L. Morales, and Lara; in various combinations). 

Molau, 1983; Holmgren and Molau, 1984. 

MORALES, GUSTAVO L. 

Jul 1982: Nap0 (with J. Abalo). 

Few collections of Heliconia; QCA. 

Publications: Abalo and Morales, 1983. 

1941- ; 

Jun 1982: 

Jun 1982: Napo, Anangu. 

MORI, SCOTT A. 

U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York). 

Napo, Aiiangu (with J. LUTEYN, B. Boom, 

B.B. Larsen, and B. Ollgaard in various combinations). 

-8 numbers (NY); nos. 14682, 14683, 14684, and a few 

more; the relevant pages are missing from the fieldbook 

(Dorr, pers. comm., 1988). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Lecythidaceae and 

Vochysiaceae. 

MOWBRAY, ROBERT 

1935- ; U.S.; Forester (U.S. Agency for International 

Oct 1969-Mar 1970: 

Development). 

Napo, vicinity of Limoncocha. 

Around nos. 69004-69958 and 70243-70613; MO and 

specialist sets. 

Collections made as part of a doctoral dissertation 

in forestry; number series begins with the year, e.g., 

70 100. 

Notes: 

NAVARRETE, R. 

19??- ; 

Sep 1978: Napo, Rio Napo, and Rio San Miguel. 

Ecuadorean; Biology student (Pontificia Univ. 

Catblica, Quito). 

Few numbers; QCA. 

NEILL, DAVID A. 

1953- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Louis). 

1985- 1989: Mostly collections of trees from Napo, occasionally also Pastaza (Rio Curaray, Aug 1985) and 

Morona-Santiago (Bomboiza, Nov 1986); Neill’s major 

collecting localities are Jatun Sacha Biological Station 

near Misahualli, the INIAP forest reserve near Coca, the 

vicinity of Coca, and the Yasuni National Park (with, 

among others, M.A. Baker, C. Ceron, A. Gentry, P. 

Gbmez, R.J. Marles, M. McColm, W. Palacios, J. 

Priest, B. Stein, G.A. Suarez, and J. Zaruma). 

NOS. 5850-9400; QAME, MO, NY, AAU, QCNE, QCA, 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

and further sets. 

Notes: Most of D. Neill’s collaborators also collect(ed) 

under their own number series: see the respective 

entries. D. Neill is resident botanist of the Missouri 

Botanical Garden in Ecuador, preparing a field guide to 

the trees of the eastern Ecuadorean lowlands (“Arboles 

de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana,” to be co-authored with 

W. Palacios, sponsored by USAID) of which Neill and 

Palacios, 1989, is a precursor. Another goal is a florula 

of Jatun Sacha Biological Reserve, co-founded by D. 

Neill and G.A. Suarez; the School for Field Studies 

(S.F.S., on some labels) holds courses on ethnobotany 

at this station. Neill is a specialist on Leguminosae. 

Publications: Neill and Occhioni, 1989; Neill and Palacios, 

1989, co-author of Marles et al., 1988. 

Nilsson, Dan 

1947- ; Swedish; Botany student (Dept. of Systematic 

1972: Napo, Coca region, Santa Rosa (with L. ARVIDSNotes: Concentrated on lichens. 

1955- ; German; Entomologist (Ministerio de Agricultura 

y Ganaderia del Ecuador and Pontificia Univ. Catdica, 

Quito). 

Sep 198 1 : Napo, Nuevo Rocafuerte, northern side of Rio 

Napo. 

Botany, Univ. of Goteborg). 

SON). 

NOWAK, JOHANNES BOSCO 

-180 numbers; QCA, QCNE, QCA, and 3 further sets. 

Notes: Now& collecting mainly woody species on a 10 

km transect. 

Ohman, Liselotte 

1959- ; Swedish: former wife of U. Molau, Scientific 

Mar 1985: 

Oldeman, H. G. 

19??- ; Dutch; R.A.A. Oldeman’s cousin. 

1975-1976: Napo, Tenitorio de 10s Aucas, Lago Agrio 

(with R.A.A. OLDEMAN, A. Arevalo, G. Morales, and 

Lara). 

illustrator (free lance). 

Napo, Coca (with U. MOLAU). 

OLDEMAN, ROELOF ARENT ALBERT 

1937- ; Netherland citizenship; Ecologist (working for 

ORSTOM at the time, presently Wageningen Agricultural University). 

1975-1976: Napo, Lago Agrio; Pastaza, Tzapion, Tihueno, Cononaco (with H.G. Oldeman, A. Arevalo, G. 

Morales, and Lara, in various combinations). 

Perhaps 200 numbers (starting at no. 1); QPNRA, some in 

QCA and with specialists. 

Oldeman worked as ecologist in the Programa 

Nacional de Regionalisacion of the Ministerio de 

Agricultura y Ganaderia (M.A.G.). The collecting was 

part of ecological studies also concerning the Andes and 

the Pacific side of Ecuador. All Oldeman’s documents 

on his collecting remained in Ecuador. 

Notes: 
NUMBER 82 

Publications: Arevalo, Oldeman, and Yost, 1976. Further 

reports printed and mimeographed by M.A.G., Quito. 

OLLCAARD, BENJAMIN 

1943- ; 

Jul 1980: 

Danish; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus). 

Morona-Santiago; Pastaza, Rio Bobonaza, Rio 

Capihuari, Montalvo; Nap0 (with J. Brandbyge, E. 

Azanza, S. Roth, and C. Sperling). The collection 

localities of this expedition are shown on map 6 in 

Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984. 

Nos. 34490-35516; AAU, QCA, and duplicate sets 

mainly in MO, NY, and GB. 

Jun-Jul 1982: Napo, Anangu (with J. Luteyn, B. Boom, S. 

Mori, B.B. Larsen, A. Jensen, and N.H. Andreasen in 

different combinations). LUTEYN collected also under 

his own number series. 

NOS. 38821 -39290; A AU, QCA, MO, NY, GB. 

Jan 1985: Napo, Anangu (with J. Koming and K. 

Thomsen). 

NOS. 57001-57202; QCA, AAU. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Lycopodiaceae. Resident 

botanist and professor at Pontificia Univ. Catolica, 

Quito, 1990- 1992. 

Ollgaard, 1979, 1988; Ollgaard and Molau, 

1986; co-author of Balslev et al., 1987. 

Publications: 

ONORE, GIOVANNI 

1941- ; 

Without date: 

Italian; Entomologist (Curator of the Zoological 

Museum of the Pontificia Univ. Catolica, Quito). 

Nap0 (probably vicinity of Coca). 

12 unnumbered collections of Heliconia and Maranta; 

QCA. 

ORTEGA U., ALBERT0 T. 

19??- ; 

27 Sep-16 Oct 1975: 

Itinerary given under LITTLE. 

Sep 1976 and Jan 1977: Morona-Santiago, vicinity of 

Nos. 1-223; Q, US, S. Wood samples with A. Mariaux, 

Plants collected during a floristic inventory project. 

Ecuadorean; Ingeniero Agronomo (Instituto de 

Morona-Santiago (with E.L. LITCiencias Naturales, Univ. Central del Ecuador). 

TLE, H. Samaniego, and F.A. Vivar). 

Taisha. 

France. 

Notes: 

Publications: Ortega, 1976. 

OSCULATI, GAETANO 

1808-1 884; Italian; Naturalist specializing in the collection 

of insects. 

20 Jul-25 Nov 1847: Napo, Archidona, from there to 

Puerto Napo, where he remained for three months at the 

house of Manuel Villavicencio with whom he collected 

mainly birds and insects but also some mosses (De 

Notaris, 1859; Steere, 1948b); on 26 Oct, Osculati 

started down the Rio Napo, stopping some days in 

Ahuano which he left on Nov 1; he then went on to 

Santa Rosa, leaving it on Nov 12; Nov 14 he passed the 

25 

mouth of the Rio Payamino and reached Coca; he 

proceeded down the Napo, passing Jivino (Nov 15), the 

mouth of the Rio Indillana, Huama (Nov 17), the mouth 

of the Tiputini (Nov IS), and Aguarico (Nov 20); he 

reached Curaray on Nov 25 (and continued downriver 

to Belem which he reached on 30 March 1848). 

Information on Osculati may be found in Bottoni 

(1929), Papavero (1973:343-347), and Isenburg 

(1989). 

Notes: 

PALACIOS, WALTER A. 

1959- ; Ecuadorean; Ingeniero Forestal (Direccion Nacional Forestal, herbarium Centro Forestal Conocoto, 

QAME). 

1985- 1989: Napo; Pastaza, Morona-Santiago (with, 

among others, M.A. Baker, C. Ceron, P. Gomez, R. 

Marles, D. Neill, B.A. Stein, and J. Zaruma). 

Nos. 1-3800; QAME, MO, NY, AAU, GB, QCNE, QCA, 

and further sets. 

Palacios collected, together with D. Neill, under 

contract with the Missouri Botanical Garden, mostly 

trees. He concentrated on Meliaceae. 

Notes: 

Publications: Neill and Palacios, 1989. 

Ca. 1835-1 868; British; Horticulturist (working for the 

Veitch Tropical Nurseries in Exeter, Great Britain). 

Notes: Pearce collected near Cuenca in 1862 and dispatched “some six large cases of plants from Guayaquil” (Veitch, 1906); specimens in K and BM. 

Apparently, Pearce did not descend to the eastern 

lowlands. 

PEARCE, RICHARD WILLIAM 

PENNINGTON, TERENCE DALE 

1938- ; British; Botanist (Oxford Univ.; since 1979, 

Associate Researcher at the New York Botanical 

Garden, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 

Jul-Sep 1960: Napo, 7 km east of Tena (with P.J. GRUBB, 

J.R. Lloyd, and T.C. Whitmore). 

Oct 1961 -Feb 1962: Morona-Santiago, Taisha (with 

P.C.D. CAZALET). 

Oct 1982: Napo, 30 km NNW of Coca, Rio Huashito. 

Nov 1982: 

orio). 

100 numbers; QCA, K, NY. 

Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza? (with G. Ten75 numbers; QCA, K, NY. 

May 1987: Napo, Lumbaqui. 

114 numbers; QCA, QAME, K, NY. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, 

Publications: Pennington, 198 1, 1990; Pennington et al., 

and Sapotaceae. 

1962. 

PINKLEY, HOMER V. 

1938- ; U.S.; Ethnobotanist (Harvard Univ., Cambridge, 

Massachusetts, presently a private botanical researcher). 

1966: Napo, Conejo, Santa Rosa de Sucumbios, Santa 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Cecilia, on the Rio Aguarico, and near Dureno; in 

Colombia, San Antonio, on the Rio Guamues. 

At least 546 numbers; ECON, S; few duplicates in QCA, 

and with specialists. 

Pinkley did research on the ethnobotany of the 

Cofan. 

Notes: 

Publications: Pinkley, 1968, 1969a-c, 1973. 

Pipoly, John 

1955- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York, presently at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Louis). 

Feb 1983: Napo, Anangu (with J. LUTEYN and H. 

Balslev). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Myrsinaceae. 

1944-1989; U.S.; Botanist (a student at Harvard during his 

first expedition; subsequently curator at the Field 

Museum of Natural History, Chicago). 

30 Jul-5 Aug 1974: Napo, 26 mi (40 km) W of and 

vicinity of Lago Agrio and Dureno (with E.W. Davis 

and C. Sheviak). 

Nos. 3990-4000 and 4080-4089; 4001-4079; first set 

GH; 2nd QCA or another herbarium in Quito, further 

sets in BH, BIRM, COL, DAV, DBN, F, HB, K, MO, 

NY, S, SEL, U, US. 

16-19 Jun 1978: Napo, Limoncocha (with M. MADISON 

and L. Besse). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Erythroxylaceae and 

Brunfelsia. 

Publications: Vickers and Plowman, 1984; Plowman, 

1989. 

PLOWMAN, TIMOTHY 

POORTMAN, HUGO A.-C. 

18??- 19??; Belgian; Botanical collector. 

Notes: Poortman (also spelled Poortmann) collected for 

E.F. AndrC in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe from 

January to June 1882, thereafter in northernmost Peru 

(Diels, 1937; Wurdack, 1979); together with AndrC's 

material, his first set is at P, few sheets also at K, GH, F, 

NY, RSA. At least his numbers 79-517 are from Loja 

and Zamora; he may also have collected along the Rio 

Zamora at lower elevations (Wurdack, 1979, and pers. 

comm.). 

PRESCOTT, GERALD W. 

1899-1988; U.S.; Botanist, algologist (Albion College, 

Albion, Michigan, during his first visit; from 1946 on at 

Michigan State University, East Lansing, but the first 

set of his collections is in the herbarium of Eastern 

Michigan University in Ypsilanti). 

Feb 1953: Pastaza, near Puyo and Mera; Napo, Rio 

Cuyabeno. 

Between his nos. 400-800 and around his no. 1537 (cited 

by Jeppesen, 1981:71); EMC, DS, NY. 

Prescott first came to Ecuador in May 1944 as field 

explorer for the US government quinine expedition. 

Notes: 

During that time he collected in Imbabura and 

Pichincha (fide Steere, 1945a:122). Most of his collections are algae. 

Publications: Prescott, 1946, 1947. 

19??- ; British; Botany student (?) 

Oct 1985: Nap0 (with D. NEILL). 

18??- 19??; Ecuadorean; Field assistant of W.H. Camp. 

Note: 

Priest, J. 

Prieto, Francisco 

Prieto was a Cinchona collector from San Marcos, 

Caiiar, and was able to provide much ethnobotanical 

information (Joyal, 1987). 

Puraquilla, M. 

19??- ; 

1982-1984: Napo, San Jose de Payamino (with D. 

Ecuadorean; Field assistant of D. IRVINE. 

IRVINE). 

RENNER, SUSANNE SABINE 

1954- ; 

13-18 May 1988: Napo, Cuyabeno. 

German; Botanist (Botanical Institute, Univ. of 

Aarhus). 

Nos. 69055-69094; complete sets in AAU, QCA, US; 

some duplicates in CAS, TEX, FLAS. 

30 May-3 Jun 1988: Napo, vicinity of Waimo base camp 

of the Conoco oil company, -40 km east of Coca; 

vicinity of Loreto and vicinity of Jatun Sacha. 

Nos. 69308-69334; complete sets in AAU, QCA, US; 

some duplicates in CAS, TEX, FLAS. 

May-Jun 1988: Napo, airstrip of the Conoco oil company, 

on Rio Tivacuno in the Yasuni National Park; near 

Puerto Misahualli (with B. BERGMA" and S. 

Laegaard). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Melastomataceae. 

Publications: Renner et al., 1991. 

1862-1943; German; Professor of Botany and Zoology in 

Cuenca ( 1889- 1892), resident in Riobamba (after 

1921). 

Apr-May 1894: Pastaza, Canelos, Rio Bobonaza, Pacayacu, Sarayacu, Rio Pastaza (with his brother Karl 

Rimbach); A, B, BM, CAS, F, FHO, GH, MA, MO, 

NA, NY, P, S, UC, US, W. 

Rimbach collected at least 832 numbers (starting at 

no. 1) in Ecuador, but only one from the Rio Pastaza at 

1200 m altitude is cited in the Flora of Ecuador 

(volumes 1-39). 

RIMBACH, AUGUST 

Notes: 

Publications: Rimbach, 1897, 1932. 

1956- ; 

Roesel, Cheryl 

US; Technician (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida, presently National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.). 

27 Feb-1 Mar 1988: Napo, environs of Tena, Coca, and 

Aldag (with J. KRESS and H.E. Luther). 

ROMOLEROUX, KATYA 

1962- ; Ecuadorean; Biology student (Pontificia Univ. 
NUMBER 82 27 

Catolica, Quito). 

22-28 Apr 1986: Napo, Cuyabeno (with J. JARAMILLO). 

Notes: Collections made during a week-long course in 

tropical dendrology. 

Roth, Susanne 

1952- ; 

Jul 1980: 

Jan 1982: 

Notes: Concentrating on fems. 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Ingeniero agronomo (Univ. of Loja). 

27 Sep-16 Oct 1975: Morona-Santiago (with E.L. LITItinerary given under LITTLE. 

Santos Dea, ? 

19??- ; 

Pompeya (Napo). 

Aug 1982: 

LEV). 

Sastre-De Jesus, Ines 

1956- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, New 

York). 

Jul-Aug 1985: Napo, -7 km S of Tena on road to Puyo; 

-20 km S of Tena on road to Puyo, Anangu (with S. 

CHURCHILL). 

German; Botany student (Univ. of Goteborg). 

Morona-Santiago; Pastaza; Nap0 (with B. OLLNapo, vicinity of Coca (with G. HARLING, 

GAARD J. Brandbyge, E. Azanza, and C. Sperling). 

J.-E. Bohlin, and M. Lindstrom). 

Samaniego V., Alfredo 

TLE, A.T. Ortega, and F.A. Vivar). 

Ecuadorean; employee of Franciscan mission in 

Napo, Pompeya and vicinity (with H. BALSNotes: Specialist on neotropical mosses. 

Publications: 

19??- ; Austrian; Botanist (Institute of Microbiology, 

Apr 1980: 

Notes: Schinner collected only Myxomycetes. 

Publications: Schinner, 198 1. 

SCHULTES, RICHARD EVANS 

1915- ; U.S.; Botanist (Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Massachusetts). 

Notes: When studying the Cofan Indians along the Rio 

Sucumbios near San Miguel in Colombia, Schultes 

made about 50 collections on the Ecuadorian bank of 

the river, but he labeled them all as Colombian (in litt., 

18 Apr 1989); GH, F, US, and further sets. 

Co-author of Churchill et al., in press. 

SCHINNER, FRANZ 

University of Innsbruck). 

Napo, Lago Agrio, Dureno, San Pablo. 

Few numbers. 

SCHULTZE-RHONHOF, ARNOLD 

1875- 1948; German; Geographer, entomologist, and botanist. 

Jan-Nov 1937: Pastaza, Mera, Puyo, Canelos, Pacayacu, 

where they stayed from Mar until 6 Nov (with H. 

Schultze-Rhonhof and his wife lived in Ecuador 

from the end of 1934 until March 1939, collecting 

plants and insects. They collected in the Andes, the 

western and the eastern lowlands and returned by ship 

SCHULTZE-RHONHOF); B, G. 

Notes: 

via the Putumayo-Manaus-Belem route. Soon after 

leaving Belem, their ship was sunk, and the rich 

collections were lost (Schultze-Rhonhof, 1950:223, and 

biographical note by H. Schultze-Rhonhof in the 

archives of the Botanic Garden of Berlin-Dahlem). 

From 1937 to 1939, Berlin-Dahlem received a total of 

1497 numbers sent by the Schultze-Rhonhofs from 

Ecuador (Hiepko, 1987). There is no detailed information about this material at B because the entire archives 

burned in 1943. At least some of it has been saved; of 

the six Schultze-Rhonhof specimens, all from Mera and 

Puyo, cited in the first 39 volumes of the Flora of 

Ecuador two are extant nos. 1856 and 2958), four 

destroyed and without duplicates (nos. 1854, 2724, 

2734, and 2866). 

Publications: Schultze-Rhonhof, 1950. 

18??- 19??; German; Botanist, wife of Arnold SchultzeRhonhof. 

Jan-Nov 1937: Pastaza, Mera, Puyo, Canelos, Pacayacu 

(with A. SCHULTZE-RHONHOF). 

Notes: Numerous new species based on the SchultzeRhonhof's collections are described in a series of papers 

edited by L. Diels (1937, 1938-1942). 

SCHULTZE-RHONHOF, HERTHA 

SEF 

Studies of Ecuadorean Forests, project of the Botanical 

Institute in Aarhus in collaboration with the New York 

Botanical Garden and the Pontificia Univ. Catolica in 

Quito, with L. Holm-Nielsen and B. Ollgaard principal 

investigators, 1982- 1984. During this project, specimens were collected by N.H. Andreasen, H. Balslev, A. 

Barfod, J. Boeke, B. Boom, B.B. Larsen, S. Clemants, 

A. R. Jensen, P.M. Jgrgensen, J. Koming, J. Lawesson, 

T. Laeso~e, J. Luteyn, S. Mori, B. Ollgaard, J. Pipoly, F. 

Skov, and K. Thomsen (see respective entries). 

SHEMLUCK, MELVIN 

19??- ; U.S.; Anthropology student (? Univ. of Chicago). 

Aug 1979-Jul 1980: Pastaza, Puyo and vicinity (Rio 

Chico, at lo00 m alt.) and Canelos and vicinity. 

Notes: Shemluck studied Quichua Indians and made 

several hundred botanical collections (F, GH, and 

specialist set), but apparently none below 600 m alt. 

Sheviak, Charles J. 

1947- ; U.S.; Botanist (Biological Survey, New York 

State Education Department, Albany, New York). 

30 Jul-5 Aug 1974: Napo, Lago Agrio, and Dureno (with 

T. PLOWMAN and E.W. Davis). 

Note: Some collections were made under Sheviak's own 

number series; these were mostly distributed to various 

specialists, but some are at GH(AMES) and NYS 

(Sheviak, in litt., January 1991). 

Simmons, John Edward 

1951- ; U.S.; Herpetologist (Museum of Natural History, 

Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, U.S.A.). 
28 SMlTHSONlAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Mar 1972: Napo, Lago Agrio (with J.D. DWYER). 

Apr 1972: Nap0 (with B. MACBRYDE). 

Jan 1972: Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del C6ndor (with 

B. MACBRYDE, M.D. Fiske, and R.K. Fiske). 

Notes: At the time, Simmons was a student doing research 

under the supervision of W. Duellman. 

SKOV, FLEMMING 

1958- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University). 

Jul-Aug 1985: Napo, Anangu (with H. BALSLEV and A. 

Barfod). 

3-12 Nov 1987: Napo, Anangu, Rios Yasuni and Payamino (with F. Borchsenius K. and U. Blicher-Mathiesen). 

NOS. 64752-648 17; A AU, QCA, QCNE. 

Notes: Concentrating on palms. 

Publications: Skov and Balslev, 1989. 

SKUTCH, ALEXANDER FRANK 

1904- ; 

Aug-Sep 1939: 

US; Ornithologist and naturalist; presently living 

Pastaza, vicinity of Puyo, around 900 m 

in San Isidro del General, Costa Rica. 

alt. 

NOS. 4392-456 1 ; US; F, NY, GH, K, MO. 

Notes: In 1940, Skutch again came to Ecuador on one of 

the World War I1 surveys (cf. General Introduction) but 

made few, if any, collections on that expedition (in litt., 

October 1990). 

SODIRO, LUIS 

1836-1 909; Italian; Jesuit priest, resident in Quito from 

1870. 

Notes: Sodiro’s collections and opera are of the greatest 

importance for Ecuadorean floristics (see Diels, 1937; 

Stafleu and Cowan, 1976-1988; also Nicolson, 1983). 

Sodiro made no collections in the eastern lowlands. 

Croat’s (1988) statement that the Sodiro collection is on 

loan to Stockholm in its entirety for studies of the Flora 

of Ecuador is incorrect. Many of Sodiro’s collections 

are deposited at the Universidad Central (Q); his 

original collection is at Herbario P. Luis Sodiro in the 

Biblioteca Aurelio Espinosa Po1it (QPLS) in Quito; at 

least some duplicates in A, AAU, B, BM, BP, FI, G, 

GH, K, NY, P, S, US, and SI (the Darwinion in Buenos 

Aires). 

SPARRE, BENKT 

19 18-1 986; Swedish; Botanist (Museum of Natural History, 

Stockholm). 

1966-1967: Napo, Tena, Lago Agrio, El Conejo; Pastaza, 

vicinity of Puyo; Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza (see map 

20 in Holm-Nielsen et al., 1984). 

Nos. 13001-13252 (21-28 Nov), 14992-15035 (26 Mar), 

15879-15956 (6 May), 17467-17651 (15-17 Jul), 

17690- 17725 (19 Jul); around no. 19000 in Bomboiza; 

S. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Tropaeolaceae. Resident 

in Quito and professor at the Universidad Central, 

1966- 1967. His field notes are archived at S. 

Sparre, 1973; co-editor of Flora of Ecuador, 

1973-1986 (up to and including volume 24). 

Publications: 

Sperling, Calvin Ross 

1957- ; U.S.; Botany Graduate Student (Harvard Univ., 

Cambridge, Massachusetts; presently at National 

Germplasm Resources Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, 

Maryland). 

Morona-Santiago; Pastaza; Nap0 (with B. OLLGAARD, J. Brandbyge, E. Azanza, and S. Roth). 

Jul 1980: 

Notes: Specialist on Basellaceae. 

18 17-1 893; British; Botanist, traveling in South America 

from 1 849- 1863, collecting for Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 

11 Apr 1857: Lower Pastaza to Andoas (19 Apr-5 May), 

up the Rio Bobonaza to the mouth of the Pucayacu (14 

May), Sarayacu (1 5 May), Pucayacu village, just S of 

Canelos (21 May-10 Jun), Canelos (12-14 Jun), over 

land through “Montafia de Canelos” to the Rio Puyo 

(reached 17 Jun) and on to the Rio Pastaza (reached 23 

Jun), along the banks of the Pastaza to the Rios Topo, 

arrival in Banos on July 1. 

Almost no phanerogams, numerous cryptogams; BM (1 st 

set), AWH, B, BM, BO, BR, C, CGE, E, F, G, GH, K, 

LD, LE, MO, NY, OXF, P, S, UC, US, W; the types of 

Spruce’s hepatics are at MANCH. 

Notes: Spruce’s contribution to Amazonian floristics is 

unsurpassed. His own account of his journey between 

Tarapoto and Banos (1908:102-167; 175 seq., 205 

seq.) is detailed, with many observations especially on 

the cryptogamous flora which he considered “the 

richest on the surface of the globe” and of which he 

made a large collection. A reconstruction of Spruce’s 

itinerary in Ecuador shows that Spruce collected well 

over 1500 numbers of phanerogams in Ecuador. 

However, because of the difficulties experienced during 

his journey to and from Canelos (cf. introduction, 

“Chronology of Botanical Exploration”) he collected 

almost no phanerogams in the eastern lowlands. 

Spruce, 1867, 1869, 1884- 1885, 1908. 

SPRUCE, RICHARD 

Publications: 

1907-1 989; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical Garden, 

Oct 1984: Napo, -50 km below Misahualli, on Rio Napo. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical mosses. Steere was in 

Ecuador from July, 1943 until September, 1944 as part 

of a team searching for Cinchona with high quinine 

content and during that time collected over loo0 

numbers of bryophytes. From a typed version of his 

diaries (deposited in the Archives of The New York 

STEERE, WILLIAM CAMPBELL 

New York). 

Nos.?; NY and duplicate sets. 
NUMBER 82 29 

Botanical Garden; copy in the personal library of H. 

Balslev, Aarhus) it appears that Steere did not reach the 

eastern lowlands. 

Publications: Steere, 1945a-d; 1948a,b. 

1955- ; 

STEIN, BRUCE A. 

U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Louis, presently at The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D.C.). 

Napo, vicinity of Coca including INIAP station 

(with D. Neill, J. Zaruma, and W. Palacios). 

Apr 1985: 

Nos. 2549-26 15; primarily MO, QCA. 

May 1985: Zamora-Chinchipe, vicinity of Gualaquiza 

(with D’ Alessandro). 

Nos. 2790-2801; primarily MO, QCA. 

Nos. 3034-3058; primarily MO, QCA. 

Jun 1985: 

Notes: 

1929- ; 

Napo, Rio Anzu (Rio Ansupi), and Misahualli. 

Specialist on the genus Centropogon. 

Storm, Gunnar Tobias 

Swedish; Botany student (Dept. of Systematic 

Botany, Univ. of Goteborg, presently at the Province 

Board, Goteborg). 

Feb-Jun 1968: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

Strom, Bertil 

1940- ; 

Nap0 (with G. HARLING and B. Strom). 

Swedish; Botany student (Dept. of Systematic 

Botany, Univ. of Goteborg, presently at the Province 

Board, Mariestad, Sweden). 

Feb-Jun 1968: 

Itinerary given under HARLING. 

1948- ; 

197%: Napo, Misahualli and vicinity. 

Nap0 (with G. HARLING and G. Storm). 

SUAREZ, G. ALEJANDRO 

Ecuadorean; Botanical illustrator (free lance). 

Species 1-23 1. (Numbers refer to species illustrated, not 

to specimens!) Most collections are live plants, some 

dried specimens are at MO. 

A. Sutirez lives in Misahualli and collects orchids in 

the vicinity, in an approximate radius of 12 km round 

his house. His collections include live and dried plants 

and a number of types of species described by C.H. 

Dodson and C.L. Luer (cf. Icones Plantarum). Sutirez 

has drawn illustrations of orchids for various publications, of ethnobotanical plants for a book to be 

published by the Museu de Historia Natural of Ecuador, 

and of trees for a planned field guide by D. Neill and W. 

Palacios. 

Notes: 

Tan, Kiat 

1943- ; U.S., Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 

Sarasota, Florida, presently Director of the Singapore 

Botanic Garden). 

Jan 1979: Napo, Coca, Auca oil field, Rio Nap0 below 

Misahualli (with L. BESSE and J.S. Halton). 

Notes: Orchidaceae specialist and former director of the 

Orchid Identification Center at Selby. 

Tenorio, Guillermo 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Field assistant. 

Nov 1982: Morona-Santiago (with T.D. PENNINGTON). 

1959- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

30 Sep-25 Oct 1983: Napo, Anangu (with J. KORNING). 

30 Nov 1983: Napo, Laguna Taracoa (with J. KORNING). 

1-11 Dec 1983: 

14-25 Jan 1985: Napo, Anangu (with B. OLLGAARD 

2 Apr-6 May 1985: Napo, Anangu (with J. Korning). 

Notes: 

Thomsen, Karsten 

Aarhus University). 

Napo, Afiangu (with J. KORNING). 

and J. Korning). 

Working together with Koming within the SEF 

project on the composition and structure of different 

forest types at Anangu. 

VALENCIA, RENATO 

1962- ; Ecuadorean; Biologist (Pontificia Univ. Catdica, 

Quito). 

9-24 Aug and 24 Sep-14 Oct 1988: Napo, Cuyabeno 

(with K. Bloch and H. Balslev). 

Nos. 67300-689 15; A AU, QCA. 

Notes: Valencia, Bloch, and Balslev inventoried the trees 

larger than 5 cm DBH on a hectare. 

VAN ASDALL, WILLARD 

1934- ; 

Sep 198 1 : 

Notes: Researching Indian medicinal plants. 

Publications: Van Asdall, 1983. 

19??- ; 

Oct 1978: Napo, Aguarico. 

At least one Miconia; SEL. 

Notes: 

U.S.; Ethnobotanist (Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, 

Arizona). 

Napo, Coca to Limoncocha. 

Few collections; QCA. 

VALVERDE BADILLO, FLOR MARIA 

Ecuadorean; Botanist (living in Guayaquil). 

Valverde is a former student of C.H. Dodson and 

collaborated on the Flora of Jauneche. 

VARGAS, ABELARDO 

19??- ; Ecuadorean. 

Apr 1983: Napo, (Isla) Pompeya. 

Few numbers; QCA. 

Notes: Vargas collected mainly medicinal plants. 

VICKERS, WILLIAM T. 

1942- ; U.S.; Anthropologist and ethnobotanist (Univ. of 

Florida, Gainesville, presently Florida International 

Univ.). 

1973-1975: Napo, vicinity of Shushufindi (San Pablo), 

Rio Aguarico, Cuyabeno. A map of the collecting sites 

is included in Vickers and Plowman, 1984. 

Nos. 1-273; F, QCA; partial set FLAS. 

Notes: Working on the ethnobotany of the SiondSecoya 

Indians. 

Publications: Vickers, 1976, 1989; Vickers and Plowman, 

1984. Further publications resulting from Vickers’ 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

work on the ethnography of the Siona and Secoya are 

cited in Vickers and Plowman, 1984. 

VILLAVICENCIO, MANUEL 

18??-18??; Italian Jesuit and naturalist specializing in birds 

and insects; living in Puerto Nap0 for an unknown 

number of years. 

Fide Bartram (1933), Villavicencio collected 156 mosses 

near Puerto Nap0 in 1869. Since Villavicencio collected 

insects and birds at least from 1847 on (Papavero, 

1973:346) it is likely that he made moss collections 

(and other plant specimens?) over a number of years. 

His mosses are in the Farlow herbarium. 

Publications: Villavicencio, 1858. 

19??- ; Ecuadorean; Botany student (Pontificia Univ. 

Undated: Nap0 (with Meneses). 

VILLEGAS, TERESA 

Catolica, Quito). 

Few numbers; QCA. 

Vivar, Francisco A. 

192?- ; 

27 Sep-16 Oct 1975: 

Itinerary given under LITTLE. 

1830- 1878; German; Gardener and botanical explorer 

(working first for M. Linden of Brussels and later for 

the Veitch Tropical Nurseries in Exeter, Great Britain). 

1865-1866 and 1876-1878 in Ecuador, mostly in Loja 

(Veitch, 1906; Diels, 1937); specimens in K and W. 

Notes: The herbarium collections of Wallis, who died in 

Cuenca, are not numerous because he specialized on 

living plants and disliked making dried vouchers 

(Stafleu and Cowan, 1976-1988). In 1876, he collected 

orchids in Loja and along the Rio Zamora (even 

“extensively” fide Garay, 1978:226), and numbers in 

the 330s are cited in the Flora of Ecuador. One of his 

botanical discoveries is Monolena primulaeflora described from a cultivated specimen at Kew which he 

discovered on the banks of the river Zamora. 

Ecuadorean; Ingeniero agronomo (Director of the 

Morona-Santiago (with E.L. LITLoja herbarium, former student of R. Espinosa). 

TLE, A.T. Ortega, and A. Samaniego). 

WALLIS, GUSTAV 

WARUSH, AMELIA 

19??- ; Ecuadorean. 

Sep 1985: 

Notes: 

1946- ; 

Oct 197 1 : 

Morona-Santiago, Rio Cangaime (Kankaim). 

Collecting under a project with the acronym RBAE. 

Dutch: Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. 

Morona-Santiago, vicinity of Macuma, at 700 m 

Nos.?; NY. 

WERFF, HENK VAN DER 

Louis). 

alt. 

64 numbers of ferns (around his nos. 630-666) U, GH. 

1989: Pastaza, Cordillera de Cutucfi at -600- 1 OOO m alt. 

NOS. 10286-10420; MO, QCNE. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Lauraceae. 

19??- ; Danish; Biology student (Botanical Institute, 

Aarhus University, presently a high school teacher in 

Skanderborg, Denmark). 

Nap0 (with J. BRANDBYGE, E. Azanza, and 

S. Leth-Nissen). 

Werling, Lasse 

Aug 1981: 

Itinerary given under BRANDBYGE. 

1935- : 

Jul-Sep 1960: Napo, 7 km east of Tena (with P.J. 

GRUBB, J.R. Lloyd, and T.D. Pennington). 

Oct 1960: Napo, Hcda Cotapino near Santa Rosa, Bambino (Bimbino?) on Rio Pacuno, 10 hrs. west of Nap0 

confluence, and Araki, 10 hrs. west of Coca. 

Nos. 709-733; 734-797; 798-887; K, a few in BM, NY, 

SPN, BMNH. 

Publications: Grubb and Whitmore, 1966, 1967; co-author 

of Grubb et al., 1963. 

Wibom, Per-Goran 

WHITMORE, TIMOTHY CHARLES 

British; Ecologist (Univ. of Oxford). 

1926- ; Swedish; Botany student (Dept. of Botany, Univ. 

1952- 1953: Pastaza, Mera, Puyo; Napo, Tena, Tiputini, 

of Stockholm). 

Lagarto Cocha (with F. FAGERLIND). 

WIEHLER, HANS 

1930- : German; Botanist (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, presently Director of the 

Gesneriad Research Foundation, Sarasota, Florida). 

Jul-Aug 197 1 : Pastaza, Mera, Puyo, Canelos; Napo, Tena, 

Archidona. 

NOS. 7144-71 108; 71 109-71 134; SEL, GES. 

Apr-May 1979: Pastaza, Mera, Puyo, towards Macas; 

Napo, Tena, Archidona. 

NOS. 79138-79258; 79259-79288; GES, SEL. 

Apr 1986: Pastaza, below Mera, Puyo, Canelos; Napo, 

Tena area (with 10 members of a GRF expedition). 

NOS. 8698-86154; 86155-86178; GES, QCNE. 

Apr 1988: Morona-Santiago, Macas area, Cordillera de 

Cutucu, Sucua, Mendez area, Morona, Lim6n, Gualaquiza; on to Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del C6ndor 

(with 7 members of a GRF expedition). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Gesneriaceae. 

Publications: 

1932- ; 

Jan 1965: Napo, Limoncocha, Puerto Napo; Pastaza, 

Between nos. 3712-3717 and 3718-3732; UT, LEA, US. 

NOS. 8801-88166; GES, QCNE. 

Wiehler, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1984. 

US; Botanist (Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City). 

WIENS, DELBERT 

vicinity of Puyo, and Mera. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Loranthaceae. 

19??- ; US.; Anthropologist (working in Venezuela 

21 Jun-10 Jul 1986: Napo, vicinity of Jatun Sacha, near 

Wilbert, Werner 

1986- 1989). 
NUMBER 82 31 

Misahualli (with J.S. MILLER). 

YOUNG, STEPHEN M. 

1952- ; U.S.; Research assistant (grant to T. Soderstrom, 

National Museum of Natural History, Washington, 

D.C.; in Ecuador student of L. Holm-Nielsen). 

Napo, Rio Yasuni; 

rd. Zancudo-Tiputini; Morona-Santiago, above 600 m 

alt.; back to Napo, Misahualli, Lumbaqui, Limoncocha, 

and 1 hr. by motor canoe up the Rio Indillana. 

specialist sets, some duplicates at A AU. 

June 1980; fieldbook in the grass library at US. 

Aug and Sep 1979; Feb and Apr 1980: 

NOS. 23-25; 26; 66; 102; 107-1 15; US, QCA, FLAS, and 

Notes: 

Yost, James 

1942- ; 

Collected bamboos in Ecuador from July 1979 to 

U.S.; Anthropologist (Harvard Univ., Cambridge, 

Massachusetts, and Summer Institute of Linguistics, 

presently a rancher in Colorado). 

Pastaza, upper Tiwaeno River; no collections made. 

Pastaza, Quiwado clearing, near the confluence of 

Anthropological research on the Waorani Indians. 

1976: 

1981: 

Rios Quiwado and Tiwaeno (with E.W. DAVIS). 

Notes: 

Publications: Davis and Yost, 1983a-c; co-author of 

Arevalo et al., 1976. 

ZARUCCHI, JAMES 

1952- ; U.S.; Botanist (collections made while a graduate 

student at Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Massachusetts; 

presently at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis). 

Aug 1978: Napo, Limoncocha. 

Notes: 

NOS. 2351-2379; QCA, GH, US, COL, MO, S. 

Specialist on neotropical Apocynaceae and legumes. 

ZARUMA, JORGE 

1958- ; 

Apr 1985: 

1985-1986: 

Ecuadorean; Ingeniero Forestal (Direccion Nacional Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia). 

Nap0 (with B.A. STEIN, D. Neill, and W. 

Palacios). 

Collected in lowland eastern Ecuador mainly 

in the vicinity of Misahualli and Coca; but also in 

Morona-Santiago, Bomboiza, at 800 m alt.; in his own 

number series or with D. Neill, W. Palacios, and M.A. 

Baker. 

Nos. 1-800; QAME, MO, NY, AAU, QCNE, QCA, and 

further sets. 
Index to Localities 

This index was compiled mostly from herbarium labels and information received from 

collectors. In January 1989, the Province of Nap0 was subdivided, with the southern 

portion retaining the name Napo. The northern part, comprising the Cantones Gonzalo 

Pizarro, Lago Agrio, Shushufindi, Putumayo, and Sucumbios, now forms the Province 

Sucumbios, with Lago Agrio as its capital. In the list below all Sucumbios localities are 

still included under "Napo." Several of the listed localities lie above 600 m altitude but 

collectors have worked in the environs at lower elevations. I have used the 1979 and 1981 

maps of the Instituto Geographico Militar, Quito, scales 1 :2 1 ,OOO,OOO and 1 : 1 ,OOO,OOO, 

respectively, the Gazetteer of Standard Names for Ecuador prepared by the US Board on 

Geographic Names (Office of Geography, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 

1957), and the Ornithological Gazetteer of Ecuador (Paynter and Traylor, 1977). 

Unfortunately, there are numerous discrepancies between the gazetteers and both maps. 

Localities are arranged alphabetically, with Lago, Laguna, Puerto, Rio, San, Santa, etc. 

treated as part of the name. 

Achuntza Morona-Santiago, 2'07'S, 77'42'W, just N of 

Ahuano Napo, 1'04'S, 77'31'W, = Aguano 

Amo 2 

Amuntai Pastaza, 2'3 I'S, 76'48'W, Shuar village 

Atiangu Napo, 0'323, 76'26'W, NW comer of the Yasuni 

Apuya Napo, 6 km from Puerto Napo, between Latas and 

Arajuno Pastaza, I014'S, 77'42'W 

Araki Napo, village ca. 10 hrs. upriver from Coca 

Arapicos Morona-Santiago, 1'5 I'S, 77'57'W 

Archidona Napo, 0°55'S,77'48'W 

Armenia Vieja Napo, 0°32'S, 77'02'W 

Arosemena Tola Napo, 1'1 I'S, 77'51'W, = Zatzayacu, 

Zarzayacu, Satsayacu, Sarsayacu 

Auca oil fields Napo, -40 km due S of Coca 

Aucas, Terr. de 10s Napo, the area just S of Coca 

Baeza Napo, O027'S,77"53'W 

Bomboiza Morona-Santiago, 3"25'S,78'35'W 

Caimito Pastaza, -1'38'S, 77'36'W, between Sarayacu and 

Campana Cocha Napo, 1'05'S, 77'30'W 

Canelos Pastaza, I035'S,77'45'W 

Cation de 10s Monos 

Ceildn Pastaza, 1 '36'S, 75'40'W 

Centro Tuntin Entsa 

Charapillo Napo, 1'03'S, 75'44'W 

Chiquita 

Coca Napo, 0°28'S, 76'58'W 

Conambo Pastaza, 1 '52'S, 76'47'W 

Macuma 

Napo, 0°52'S, 76'05'W, oil well of the Conocoto Oil 

Company 

National Park 

Santa Rosa 

Pacay acu 

Napo, O02O'S, 77'01'W, 15 km N of 

Coca 

Morona-Santiago, near Taisha 

Pastaza, -0'01'N, 78'13'W, lake and stream above 

Canelos 

Concepcidn Napo, on the Rio Napo, near Hda. Cotapino 

Conejo Napo, 0'1 6'N, 76"s W, also "El Conejo" 

Cordillera del Condor mountain range running more or less 

N-S in Morona-Santiago and Zamora-Chinchipe 

Cosanga Napo, Oo34'S, 77'52'W, above 600 m alt. 

Cotapino Napo, north of Santa Rosa 

Cotundo Napo, 0'5 l'S,77"48'W 

Curaray Pastaza, 1 '25'S, 76'52'W; = Jesus Pitishka 

Cutucli mountain range in Morona-Santiago at -2"40'S, 

Cuyabeno Napo, O'OO'S, 76'12'W field station of the PontifiDayono Napo, village near Campanacocha 

Dureno Napo, O0O2'S, 76'42'W, Canton Lago Agrio 

El Chuncho Napo, an INIAP station near Payamino, Oo27'S, 

77'01'W. 1 km W of Rfo Payamino, 5 km NW of Coca 

El Conejo see Conejo 

El Porvenir Pastaza, -5 km from Puyopungo 

Garza-Cocha Napo, -Oo28'S, 75'21W, lake and village 

Gualaquiza Morona-Santiago, 3'24'S, 78'33'W 

Guamayacu Napo, 0°28'S,76'49'W 

Guayusa Napo, 0'1 l'S,77'4W 

Hongota Napo, on Rio Misahualli, 6 km E of Tena 

Huamani Napo, Cant6n Lago Agrio, near Dureno 

Huasaga Morona-Santiago, 2'30'S, 77" 12'W 

Indanza Morona-Santiago, 3"04'S, 78'28'W 

Indillana 

INIAP station Sun Carlos, 

INIAP station Payamino, "El Chuncho" 

Jatuncocha 

Jatun Sacha Napo, 1'04'S, 77'36'W, Biological Reserve and 

77'5 1'-78'05'W 

cia Universidad Catolica on the Rio Cuyabeno 

Pastaza, 1°39'S, 77'53113 village S of Veracruz at 

see San Carlos 

-900 m alt., locally always called Indillama. 

Oo27'S, 77'01 W, 1 

km W of Rio Payamino, 5 km NW of Coca 

Napo, on the Rio Yasuni, l'OO'S, 75"28W 

32 
NUMBER 82 

field station near Misahualli 

Jeslis Pitishka see Curaray 

Lagarto Cocha 

Lago Agrio Napo, 0"08'N, 76'50'W 

Laguna Canangueno Napo, 0"25'S, 76'13'W 

Laguna Jatuncocha Napo, see Jatuncocha 

Laguna Taracoa Napo, 1"25'S, 76'47'W 

Laguna Cuyabeno Napo, -O"N, 76'1 S'W, see Rio Cuyabeno 

La Joya de 10s Sachas 

Latas Napo, 1"02'S, 77'44W 

Limon 

Limoncocha Napo, 0"25'S, 76'45'W 

Logrono 

Loreto Napo, 0"38'S, 77" 19'W 

Lorocachi Pastaza, 1 "39'S, 76"OO'W 

Lumbaqui Napo, -0"03'N, 77" 18'W 

Macas Morona-Santiago, 2"19'S, 78'06'W 

Macuma 

cuma 

Mendez Morona-Santiago, 2'43% 78"19'W 

Mera Pastaza, lo28'S,78"08W, above 600 m alt. 

Misahualli Napo, 1 "02'S, 77"40'W, also "Puerto Misahualli" 

Montalvo Pastaza, 2"04'S,76"58'W 

Morona Morona-Santiago, 2"50'S, 77"40'W, fluvial port on 

Nalpi Pastaza, just above Canelos 

Nuevo Rocafuerte Napo, 0°56'S, 75'24W 

Pacayacu Pastaza, 1"38'S, 77'36'W 

Panacocha Napo, 0"30'S, 76'05'W 

Pano Napo, 1'0 1 'S, 77'5 1 W 

Patuca Morona-Santiago, 2"45'S,78" 18'W 

Payamino Napo, 0"30'S, 77"17W, see San Jose de Payamino 

Pomona Pastaza, 1 "40'S, 77'55'W 

Pompeya Napo, -0"28'N, 76"43'W, Franciscan mission 

Pucayacu Pastaza, 1 "38'S, 77"36'W, see Pacayacu 

Puerto Aguarico Napo, 0"05'N, 77"W 

Puerto Bolivar Napo, 0"06'S, 76"lOW 

Puerto El Carmen de Putumayo Napo, 0"05'N, 75'52'W 

Puerto Misahualli see Misahualli 

Puerto Montufar Napo, 0"06'S, 76"OO'W 

Puerto Morona see Morona 

Puerto Nap0 Napo, 1"03'S, 77'47'W 

Puerto Quito Napo, 0"10'N, 79'16'W 

Puerto Rodriguez Napo, 0"03'S, 75'29'W 

Puerto Uhilla Pastaza, near Canellos 

Pumpuentza Morona-Santiago, 2"25'S, 77'20'W 

Puyopungo Pastaza, 1 "40'S, 77'55'W 

Puyo Pastaza, lo28'S,77"59'W, above 600 m alt. 

Quiwdo 

Rio Aguarico Napo, 0"59'S, 75"lI'W 

Rio Aguas Negras 

Rio Anzu Pastaza, -1"07'S, 77'48'W 

Ri'o Bobonaza Pastaza, major affluent of the Rio Pastaza 

Napo, -0"39'S, 75"16'W, on Rio Largatococha 

Napo, OolO'S, 76"50'W 

Morona-Santiago, 2"59'S, 78"22'W, = General Plaza 

Morona-Santiago, 2"37'S, 78" 1 O'W 

Morona-Santiago, 2"09'S, 77"42'W, on Rio Mathe Rio Morona 

Pastaza, 1"30'S, 77"20'W, also spelled "Quiwado" 

Napo, 0°12'S, 75'56'W 

33 

Rio Bueno Napo, -0"45'S, 77'1 1'W 

Rio Cangaime Morona-Santiago, collections along this river 

Rio Capahuari or Capihuari Pastaza, -1 "44'S, 77"29'W, 12 

Rio Chullana Pastaza, -15 km N of Puerto Sarayacu 

Rio Coca Napo, major northern tributary of the Rio Nap0 

Rio Conambo Pastaza, about 1 "52'S, 76"47'W, collections 

Rio Cononaco Pastaza, -lo36'S,75"40'W 

Rio Copataza Pastaza, 2"07'S,77"27'W 

Rio Curaray Pastaza, -1"25'S, 76'52'W 

Rio Cuyabeno Napo, -0"14'S, 75'56'W 

Rio Guambime Morona-Santiago, 2'23% 77'30'W 

Rio Guepi Napo, 0"08'S, 75'39'W 

Rio Huamhuno Napo, -1"OO'S, 77'30'W 

Rio Huashito Napo, 0"28'S, 77'02'W 

Rio Zndillana 

mostly near Taisha 

km N of Sarayacu 

joining it near Coca 

made near village Conambo 

Napo, -Oo30'S, 76"35'W, southern tributary of 

the Rio Napo, its mouth just downriver from Pompeya; not 

to be confused with the village Indillana (locally called 

Indillama) in Pastaza, south of Veracruz 

Rio Zshpingo Pastaza, tributary of Rio Pastaza, its mouth at 

2"33'S, 56'45'W 

Rio Kankaim Morona-Santiago, = Rio Cangaime 

Rio Nalpi Pastaza, joining the Bobonaza near Canelos 

Rio Namangoza Morona-Santiago, collections made near the 

Rio Namoyacu Pastaza, affluent of the Rio Curaray, its mouth 

Rio Nap0 Napo, -3"20'S, 72'40'W 

Rio Pacayacu 

Rio Palora 

Rio Pangui Morona-Santiago, 2"25'S,77"28'W 

Rio Panguientza Morona-Santiago, 2"23'S, 77'30W 

Rio Pano Napo, -6 km NW of Puerto Nap0 

Rio Pastaza Pastaza, major tributary of the Rio Maranon 

Rio Paute Morona-Santiago, -2"46'S, 78" 16'W 

Rio Payamino Napo, -0"29'S, 77" 17'W 

Rio Pucayacu Pastaza, joins the Rio Bobonaza near Montalvo 

Rio Pumpuentza Morona-Santiago, -2"25'S,77"20W 

Ri'o Pushino Napo, collections along this river mostly made 

Rio Putumayo Napo, 0°05'N, 75'52'W 

Rio Quiwado Pastaza, l03O-50'S, 77'14-20W 

Rio Sun Miguel Napo, major river running W-E at -0"05'N, 

Rio Suno Napo, Oo42'S,77"08'W 

Rio Tiguino River at NapoPastaza border, -1 "15'S, 76'55%' 

Rio Tinguiza Pastaza, joins the Rio Bobonaza SE of Pacayacu 

Rio Tivacuno Napo, -0"55'S, 76"40'W 

Rio Tiwaeno Pastaza, 1 "50'S, 77" 14'W 

village Patuca 

at 1"24'S, 76'45'W 

Pastaza, collections along this river made just 

S of Canelos 

Morona-Santiago, -1'5 l'S, 77'49'W 

near Lago Agrio 

border with Colombia 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Rio Tutanangosa 

Rio Tzapino Pastaza, -l014'S, 77'15'W 

Ria Upano Morona-Santiago, river at -78'12'W 

Rio Villano Pastaza, major river at -1'30's 

Rio Wai si aya Napo, -0" 15'S, 76'2 1'W 

Rio Yasuni Napo, -0°56'S,75"23'W 

Rio Zupayacu Pastaza, lo44'S,77"29'W, 7 km S of Sarayacu 

San Carlos Napo, 0"28'S, 76'54'W 

Sun Jose' de Payamino Napo, 0"30'S, 77'17'W 

Sun Miguel Napo, OolO'N, 76"33'W, Ecuadorean-Colombian 

Sun Pablo de 10s Secoyas Napo, 0"15'S, 77'21'W 

Santa Cecilia 

Santa Rosa de Sucumhios Napo, 0" 19'N, 77'05'W 

Santa Rosa on the Rio Nap0 Napo, 0°58'S, 77'26'W 

Santiago Morona-Santiago, 3'03'S, 78'03'W 

Sarsayacu Napo, 1'1 l'S, 77'5 l'W, = Zatzayacu, Zarzayacu, 

Shell-Mera Pastaza, 1'30'S, 78'03'W, = "Pastaza" 

Shiguacocha Pastaza, 1'44'S, 77"29'W, 5 km E of Sarayacu 

Shiramentsa Morona-Santiago, 2"45'S, 77'35'W 

Shushufindi Napo, 0" 18'S, 76'25'W 

Morona-Santiago, collections along this 

river made near Sucua 

border town 

Napo, 0"03'N, 76'58'W, on the Rio Aguarico 

Satsayacu, and Arosemena Tola! 

Sucua Morona-Santiago, 2"28'S,78"10'W 

Sumino Napo, on the Rio Napo, near Sta. Rosa 

Taisha Morona-Santiago, 2'23'S,77"30W 

Tarapoa Napo, O'lO'S, 76'25'W 

Tena Napo, 0°59'S, 77'49'W 

Teresa Mama Pastaza, 1'569, 77'13'W on the Rio BoboTihuano Pastaza, lo14'S, 77"14'W, village on the Rio 

Tiputini Napo, Oo42'S,75"32W 

Tiwaeno 

Tolin Pastaza, above Canelos 

hh Pastaza, -1"50'S, 77"14'W, Waorani village 

Tukupi Morona-Santiago, 2"40'S, 77'30'W 

Tzapino 

Veracruz Pastaza, 1"37'S, 77'51'W 

Yasuni National Park Napo, collections mainly in the NW 

Yuca Napo, -0'3 l'S, 76"58'W, oil field 

Yuralpa 

Zatzayacu Napo, 1'1 13, 77"51'W, = Zarzayacu, Satsayacu, 

naza, -35 km SE of Sarayacu 

Tihuano 

Pastaza, 1 '50'S, 77" 14'W 

Pastaza, -1"14'S, 77'15W, Waorani village 

comer at -0"52'S, 76'05'W 

Napo, Oo55'S, 77"19W, on the Rio Nap0 

Sarsayacu, and Arosemena Tola 
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