NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

KARENA J. GERDE,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting

Commissioner Social Security,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 15-35418

D.C. No. 3:14-cv-05679-MAT

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Western District of Washington

Mary Alice Theiler, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Submitted November 28, 2017** 

San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and TROTT and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

Karena J. Gerde appeals from the district court’s order affirming the

decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying her application for

disability insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act and

FILED

NOV 30 2017

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
supplemental security income under Title XVI of the Act. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We remand for further administrative proceedings

consistent with this decision. 

We review the district court’s order affirming the denial of disability

benefits de novo. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). We may set

aside an Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) denial of benefits only if it is based

on legal error, or not supported by substantial evidence. Id. Although an ALJ may

reject a physician’s controverted opinion if the ALJ provides specific and

legitimate reasons, Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 1996), the ALJ

must provide “clear and convincing” reasons supported by substantial evidence to

reject the uncontroverted opinion of an examining physician, Bayliss v. Barnhart,

427 F.3d 1211, 1216 (9th Cir. 2005). Substantial evidence is “more than a mere

scintilla but less than a preponderance.” Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039

(9th Cir. 1995). 

I

The ALJ provided sufficient reasons for discounting Dr. Beitinjaneh’s

opinion. Dr. Beitinjaneh’s opinion was inconsistent with his findings and was not

supported by other objective medical evidence in the record. Dr. Beitinjaneh’s

opinion that Gerde was unable to stand or walk for two hours in an eight hour day

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and required the use of an assistive device to prevent falling contradicted his

observations regarding Gerde’s ability to sit, stand, and walk. Dr. Beitinjaneh

noted that Gerde had a normal gait, normal Romberg test, normal ranges of motion,

and full strength in her extremities. Further, he noted Gerde walked without

difficulty or assistance. The inconsistency between Dr. Beitinjaneh’s ultimate

opinion and his notes is a legitimate reason to discount the opinion. 

The ALJ did not err in evaluating Dr. Rodgers’ findings. Although Gerde

argues the ALJ erred by failing to fully discuss and consider Dr. Rodgers’ findings,

the ALJ discussed Dr. Rodgers’ findings and determined the findings did not

support the impairments alleged by Gerde. 

II

The ALJ provided specific, clear, and convincing reasons for discounting

Gerde’s testimony. Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1014-15 (9th Cir. 2014). 

Inconsistencies between a claimant’s testimony and the medical record, Parra v.

Astrue, 481 F.3d 742, 750 (9th Cir. 2007); inadequately explained failures to

follow a prescribed course of treatment; and inconsistencies between the claimant’s

testimony and her reported activities, Molina, 674 F.3d at 1113, are proper reasons

to discredit a claimant’s testimony. Specific medical evidence contradicted

Gerde’s alleged debilitating headaches, dizziness, balance problems, and frequent

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falling; Gerde failed to comply with prescribed courses of treatment and referrals;

and Gerde’s testimony was not consistent with her reported activities. The ALJ

provided sufficient reasons for discounting Gerde’s testimony. 

III

The ALJ erred in discounting Dr. Alvord’s opinion regarding Gerde’s

mental limitations. The ALJ determined Dr. Alvord’s opinion was contradicted by

the opinions of state agency consultants who reviewed Dr. Alvord’s evaluation

notes and other medical evidence in the record. The ALJ discounted Dr. Alvord’s

opinion because he found it lacked specificity and corroborating details; it

constituted a bare assertion of disability; and it was contradicted by medical

evidence in the record. 

Dr. Alvord’s opinion is not contradicted by any other mental health

professionals who treated, evaluated, or examined Gerde for mental limitations. 

Rather, non-examining agency consultants who reviewed Gerde’s records, but did

not examine or treat Gerde, contradicted Dr. Alvord’s mental health opinion. 

However, the opinion of a non-examining physician “cannot by itself constitute

substantial evidence that justifies the rejection of the opinion of . . . an examining

physician.” Lester, 81 F.3d at 831. The state agency consultants did not treat, test,

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or otherwise examine Gerde. The opinions of the state agency consultants do not

constitute substantial evidence justifying the rejection of Dr. Alvord’s opinion. 

Further, Dr. Alvord was the only mental health specialist to examine Gerde

and evaluate her mental impairments, and the only specialist to conduct detailed

testing of Gerde's mental abilities. Dr. Alvord’s opinion regarding matters within

his speciality, such as mental limitations, should be afforded greater weight than

the opinions of non-specialists. Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1202 (9th

Cir. 2001). 

The ALJ did not provide sufficient justification for rejecting the opinion of

Dr. Alvord. Dr. Alvord’s opinion was sufficiently specific and detailed: in his

examination and evaluation of Gerde, Dr. Alvord interviewed Gerde; conducted

memory testing; provided notes and clinical findings regarding Gerde’s mental

limitations; and provided a narrative of his findings to support his ultimate opinion

that, due to her mental limitations, Gerde could not function in an occupational

setting. Further, Dr. Alvord’s opinion is not contradicted by any other mental

health professionals who treated, evaluated, or examined Gerde for mental

limitations. 

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IV

The ALJ erred in discounting the testimony of the lay witnesses on the

grounds that it was inconsistent with the objective medical evidence in the record. 

An ALJ must take into account lay witness testimony as to the claimant’s

symptoms or how impairments affect the claimant’s ability to work. Molina v.

Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1114 (9th Cir. 2012). To discount competent lay witness

testimony, the ALJ must provide reasons that are “‘germane to each witness.’” Id.

(quoting Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir. 1993). Although

inconsistency with medical evidence is germane for purposes of discrediting lay

witness testimony, Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1218 (9th Cir. 2005), the

testimony provided by the lay witnesses regarding Gerde’s mental impairments is

consistent with Dr. Alvord’s evaluation. The testimony regarding Gerde’s poor

retention of information, concentration, and memory was consistent with the

clinical notes and evaluation prepared by Dr. Alvord. As such, the ALJ erred in

discounting the lay witness testimony regarding Gerde’s mental impairments to the

extent he discounted the testimony because it was not consistent with the objective

medical evidence. 

 

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V

Remand for further administrative proceedings to consider Dr. Alvord’s

opinion and the lay witness testimony is the proper remedy because enhancement

of the record would be useful. Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 593 (9th Cir.

2004). Remand for an immediate award of benefits is appropriate only where

(1) the ALJ failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting

the evidence; (2) there are no outstanding issues that must be resolved

before a determination of disability can be made; and (3) it is clear

from the record that the ALJ would be required to find the claimant

disabled. 

Id. Even if Dr. Alvord’s opinion and the lay witness testimony regarding Gerde’s

mental limitations were credited as true, the record is not such that the ALJ would

be required to find Gerde disabled. 

Costs shall be taxed against the defendant-appellee Nancy A. Berryhill,

Acting Commissioner Social Security. 

REMANDED.

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