Unassociated Document


     

    SECURITIES
      PURCHASE AGREEMENT

     

    This
      Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”)
      is
      dated as of January ___, 2008 between Innovative Card Technologies, Inc., a
      Delaware corporation (the “Company”),
      and
      each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its
      successors and assigns, a “Purchaser”
and
      collectively the “Purchasers”).

     

    WHEREAS,
      subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant
      to
      Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities
      Act”),
      and
      Rule 506 promulgated thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to each
      Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase
      from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this
      Agreement.

     

    NOW,
      THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement,
      and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of
      which
      are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as
      follows:

     

    ARTICLE
      I.

    DEFINITIONS

     

    1.1 Definitions.
      In
      addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized
      terms
      that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms
      in
      the Debentures (as defined herein), and (b) the following terms have the
      meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

     

    “Action”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).

     

    “Affiliate”
means
      any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries,
      controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such
      terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities
      Act.
      With
      respect to a Purchaser, any investment fund or managed account that is managed
      on a discretionary basis by the same investment manager as such Purchaser will
      be deemed to be an Affiliate of such Purchaser.

     

    “Board
      of Directors”
means
      the board of directors of the Company.

     

    “Business
      Day”
means
      any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal
      holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the
      State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action
      to close.

     

    “Cash
      Burn Rate”
means
      any cash and cash equivalent expenditures and financial obligations to be repaid
      in less than one year and customarily classified as selling, general and
      administrative expenses in the Company’s income statement prepared in conformity
      with GAAP incurred during a calendar month.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        
        

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Closing”
means
      the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section
      2.1.

     

    “Closing
      Date”
means
      the Trading Day when all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and
      delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to
      (i)
      the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the
      Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities have been satisfied or
      waived.

     

    “Commission”
means
      the Securities and Exchange Commission.

     

    “Common
      Stock”
means
      the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other
      class
      of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or
      changed into.

     

    “Common
      Stock Equivalents”
means
      any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder
      thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation,
      any
      debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is
      at
      any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise
      entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

     

    “Company
      Counsel”
means
      Law Office of Raul Silvestre & Associates, APLC, with offices located at
      31200 Via Colinas, Suite 200, Westlake Village, CA 91362.

     

    “Conversion
      Price”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Debentures.

     

    “Debentures”
means
      the 8% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures due, subject to the terms therein,
      3 years from their date of issuance, issued by the Company to the Purchasers
      hereunder, in the form of Exhibit
      A
      attached
      hereto.

     

    “Disclosure
      Schedules”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1.

     

    “Effective
      Date”
means
      the earlier of (a) the date that the initial Registration Statement filed by
      the
      Company pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement is first declared
      effective by the Commission and (b) the date that all of the Underlying Shares
      may be resold by a holder thereof pursuant to Rule 144 without any volume or
      manner restrictions and the Company has delivered to the Transfer Agent a legal
      opinion that all legends on such shares may be removed and such shares may
      be
      sold without volume or manner restrictions.

     

    “Escrow
      Agent”
shall
      mean Signature Bank, a New York State chartered bank and having an office at
      261
      Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        2

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Escrow
      Agreement”
shall
      mean the escrow agreement entered into prior to the date hereof, by and among
      the Company, the Placement Agent and the Escrow Agent pursuant to which the
      Purchasers shall deposit Subscription Amounts with the Escrow Agent to be
      applied to the transactions contemplated hereunder.

     

    “Evaluation
      Date”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r). 

     

    “Exchange
      Act”
means
      the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations
      promulgated thereunder.

     

    “Exempt
      Issuance”
means
      the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers,
      directors or consultants (provided if to consultants such issuance shall not
      exceed 100,000 shares (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock
      splits and the like), in the aggregate, in any 12 month period) of the Company
      pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose by a majority
      of the members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a
      committee of directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the
      exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or
      other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares
      of
      Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided
      that
      such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to
      increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise, exchange
      or
      conversion price of such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to
      acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the
      disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall
      only be to a Person which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating
      company in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and in which
      the Company receives benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall
      not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily
      for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is
      investing in securities and (d) with prior written consent of the Placement
      Agent, up to an amount of Debentures and warrants equal to the difference
      between $5,000,000 and the aggregate Subscription Amounts hereunder, on the
      same
      terms, conditions and prices as hereunder, with investors executing definitive
      agreements for the purchase of such securities and such transactions having
      closed on or before the earlier of (i) the Filing Date (as defined in the
      Registration Rights Agreement) or (ii) the date that the Initial Registration
      Statement (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) is actually filed
      with the Commission.

     

    “FWS”
means
      Feldman Weinstein & Smith LLP with offices located at 420 Lexington Avenue,
      Suite 2620, New York, New York 10170-0002.

     

    “GAAP”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

     

    “Indebtedness”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).

     

    “Intellectual
      Property Rights”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        3

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Knowledge
      of the Company”
means
      the actual knowledge of the Company as opposed to implied or ascribed
      knowledge.

     

    “Legend
      Removal Date”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c). 

     

    “Liens”
means
      a
      lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive
      right or other restriction. 

     

    “Lock-Up
      Agreement”
means
      the lock-up agreements, in the form of Exhibit
      G
      attached
      hereto, duly executed by each officer, director and 10% stockholder of the
      Company and each Subsidiary. 

     

    “Material
      Adverse Effect”
shall
      have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).

     

    “Material
      Permits”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).

     

    “Maximum
      Rate”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 5.17.

     

    “Person”
means
      an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated
      association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company,
      government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any
      kind.

     

    “Placement
      Agent”
means
      T. R. Winston & Company, LLC.

     

    “Placement
      Agent Fee”
means,
      in addition to any other fees payable to the Placement Agent pursuant to the
      Placement Agent’s agreement with the Company, a fee payable in cash at Closing
      in an amount equal to 7% of the aggregate Subscription Amounts paid by the
      Purchasers pursuant to this Agreement.

     

    “Proceeding”
means
      an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without
      limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition),
      whether commenced or threatened.

     

    “Purchaser
      Party”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.10.

     

    “Registration
      Rights Agreement”
means
      the Registration Rights Agreement, dated the date hereof, among the Company
      and
      the Purchasers, in the form of Exhibit
      B
      attached
      hereto.

     

    “Registration
      Statement”
means
      a
      registration statement meeting the requirements set forth in the Registration
      Rights Agreement and covering the resale of the Underlying Shares by each
      Purchaser as provided for in the Registration Rights Agreement.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        4

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Required
      Approvals”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).

     

    “Required
      Minimum”
means,
      as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then
      issued or potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction
      Documents, including any Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise or conversion
      in full of all Warrants and Debentures (including Underlying Shares issuable
      as
      payment of interest), ignoring any conversion or exercise limits set forth
      therein, and assuming that the Conversion Price is at all times on and after
      the
      date of determination 75% of the then Conversion Price on the Trading Day
      immediately prior to the date of determination.

     

    “Rule
      144”
means
      Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such
      Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation
      hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as
      such
      Rule.

     

    “SEC
      Reports”
shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

     

    “Securities”
means
      the Debentures, the Warrants, the Warrant Shares and the Underlying
      Shares.

     

    “Securities
      Act”
means
      the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
      promulgated thereunder.

     

    “Security
      Agreement”
means
      the Security Agreement, dated the date hereof, among the Company and the
      Purchasers, in the form of Exhibit
      E
      attached
      hereto.

     

    “Security
      Documents”
shall
      mean the Security Agreement, the Subsidiary Guarantees and any other documents
      and filing required thereunder in order to grant the Purchasers a first priority
      security interest in the assets of the Company and the Subsidiaries as provided
      in the Security Agreement, including all UCC-1 filing receipts. 

     

    “Shareholder
      Approval”
means
      such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of
      the
      Nasdaq Stock Market (or any successor entity) from the shareholders of the
      Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
      Documents, including the issuance of all of the Underlying Shares, in the event
      that such issuance exceeds 19.99% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock
      on
      the Closing Date.

     

    “Short
      Sales”
means
      all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange
      Act (but shall not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of
      borrowable shares of Common Stock). 

     

    “Subscription
      Amount”
      means,
      as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount
      to be paid for Debentures and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below
      such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the
      heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately
      available funds.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        5

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Subsidiary”
means
      any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule
      3.1(a)
      and
      shall, where applicable, include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the
      Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

     

    “Subsidiary
      Guarantee”
means
      the Subsidiary Guarantee, dated the date hereof, by each Subsidiary in favor
      of
      the Purchasers, in the form of Exhibit
      F
      attached
      hereto.

     

    “Trading
      Day”
means
      a
      day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.

     

    “Trading
      Market”
means
      the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted
      for trading on the date in question: the American Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq
      Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or
      the
      New York Stock Exchange.

     

    “Transaction
      Documents”
means
      this Agreement, the Debentures, the Warrants, the Registration Rights Agreement,
      the Security Agreement, the Subsidiary Guarantee, the Lock-Up Agreement, the
      Voting Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other
      documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions
      contemplated hereunder.

     

    “Transfer
      Agent”
means
      _____________________, the current transfer agent of the Company with a mailing
      address of ___________________ and a facsimile number of _______________, and
      any successor transfer agent of the Company.

     

    “Underlying
      Shares”
means
      the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon conversion or redemption
      of
      the Debentures and upon exercise of the Warrants and issued and issuable in
      lieu
      of the cash payment of interest on the Debentures in accordance with the terms
      of the Debentures.

     

    “Variable
      Rate Transaction”
      shall
      have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.13(b).

     

    “Voting
      Agreements”
means
      the written agreement, in the form of Exhibit
      H
      attached
      hereto, of all of the officers, directors and shareholders holding more than
      10%
      of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock on the date hereof to
      vote
      all Common Stock over which such Persons have voting control as of the record
      date for the meeting of shareholders of the Company in favor of Shareholder
      Approval, amounting to, in the aggregate, at least 50% of the issued and
      outstanding Common Stock.

     

    “VWAP”
means,
      for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that
      applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market,
      the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or
      the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock
      is
      then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day
      from
      9:30 a.m. New York City time to 4:02 p.m. New York City time); (b)  if the
      OTC Bulletin Board is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
      of
      the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTC
      Bulletin Board; (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted on the
      OTC
      Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the
“Pink
      Sheets” published by Pink Sheets, LLC (or a similar organization or agency
      succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price
      per
      share of the Common Stock so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair
      market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent
      appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest
      of
      the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the
      fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        6

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    “Warrants”
means,
      collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers
      at
      the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Warrants shall
      be
      exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five years, in
      the
      form of Exhibit C
      attached
      hereto.

     

    “Warrant
      Shares”
means
      the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

     

    ARTICLE
      II.

    PURCHASE
      AND SALE

     

    2.1 Closing.
      On the
      Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein,
      substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement
      by
      the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally
      and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $5,000,000 in
      principal amount of the Debentures. Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Escrow
      Agent, via wire transfer or a certified check, immediately available funds
      equal
      to its Subscription Amount and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser
      its
      respective Debenture and a Warrant, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a),
      and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth
      in
      Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the conditions
      set
      forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of FWS
      or
      such other location as the parties shall mutually agree.

     

    2.2  Deliveries

     

    (a) On
      the
      Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each
      Purchaser the following:

     

    
      
        (i)
          this
          Agreement duly executed by the Company;

      

    

     

    (ii) a
      legal
      opinion of Company Counsel, in substantially the form of Exhibit
      D
      attached
      hereto;

     

    (iii) a
      Debenture with a principal amount equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount,
      registered in the name of such Purchaser;

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        7

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    (iv) a
      Warrant
      registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares
      of
      Common Stock equal to 50% of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the
      Conversion Price, with an exercise price equal to $_____1 ,
      subject
      to adjustment therein;

     

    (v) the
      Security Agreement, duly executed by the Company and each Subsidiary, along
      with
      all of the Security Documents, including the Subsidiary Guarantee, duly executed
      by the parties thereto;

     

    (vi) the
      Voting Agreements; 

     

    (vii) the
      Lock-Up Agreements;

     

    (viii) the
      Placement Agent Fee by wire transfer to the account as specified in writing
      by
      the Placement Agent;

     

    (ix) if
      requested by a Purchaser prior to the Closing, a fully executed and effective
      Conversion Agency Agreement by and among the Company, the Transfer Agent and
      Conversion Agents, LLC, a New York limited liability company, which agreement
      shall be reasonably acceptable in form and substance to the Purchasers and
      remain effective so long as the Debentures and Warrant remain outstanding;
      and

     

    (x) the
      Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by the Company.

     

    (b) On
      the
      Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the
      Company the following: 

     

    
      
        (i)
          this
          Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser;

      

    

     

    (ii) such
      Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account as specified in
      writing by the Escrow Agent;

     

    (iii) the
      Security Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and

     

    (iv) the
      Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser.

     

    2.3 Closing
      Conditions. 

     

    (a) The
      obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject
      to the following conditions being met:

     

    (i) the
      accuracy in all material respects on the Closing Date of the representations
      and
      warranties of the Purchasers contained herein;

    
      ________________________
1
        110% of
        the Conversion Price.

    

    
      
        
        

      

      
        8

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    (ii) all
      obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed
      at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and

     

    (iii) the
      delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this
      Agreement.

     

    (b) The
      respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the
      Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

     

    (i)
      the
      accuracy in all material respects when made and on the Closing Date of the
      representations and warranties of the Company contained herein;

     

    (ii)
      all
      obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed
      at
      or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; 

     

    (iii)
      the
      delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this
      Agreement; 

     

    (iv)
      there
      shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since
      the
      date hereof; and

     

    (v)
      from
      the
      date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have
      been
      suspended by the Commission or the Company’s principal Trading Market (except
      for any suspension of trading of limited duration agreed to by the Company,
      which suspension shall be terminated prior to the Closing), and, at any time
      prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by
      Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices
      shall
      not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
      service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been
      declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall
      there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other
      national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any
      material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the
      reasonable judgment of each Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable
      to
      purchase the Securities at the Closing.

     

    ARTICLE
      III.

    REPRESENTATIONS
      AND WARRANTIES

     

    3.1 Representations
      and Warranties of the Company.
      Except
      as
      set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be
      deemed a part hereof and shall qualify and amended any representation or
      otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the
      corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules contains any contradictory
      information, the Company hereby makes the following representations and
      warranties to each Purchaser:

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        9

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    (a) Subsidiaries.
      All of
      the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on
Schedule
      3.1(a).
      The
      Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity
      interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued
      and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued
      and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights
      to
      subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all
      other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents
      shall be disregarded.

     

    (b) Organization
      and Qualification.
      The
      Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise
      organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the
      jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization (as applicable), with the
      requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and
      to
      carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any
      Subsidiary is in material violation or material default of any of the provisions
      of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other
      organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries
      is
      duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
      corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the
      business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary,
      except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case
      may
      be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in (i) a material adverse
      effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document,
      (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business,
      prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the
      Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the
      Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its
      obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a
“Material
      Adverse Effect”)
      and no
      Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting
      or
      curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority
      or
      qualification.

     

    (c) Authorization;
      Enforcement.
      The
      Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to
      consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents
      and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
      execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Documents by the Company
      and
      the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
      have
      been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and
      no
      further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the
      Company’s stockholders in connection therewith other than in connection with the
      Required Approvals. Each Transaction Document has been (or upon delivery will
      have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with
      the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation
      of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms,
      except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy,
      insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
      affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws
      relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or
      other
      equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
      provisions may be limited by applicable law.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (d) No
      Conflicts.
      The
      execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company
      and the consummation by the Company of the other transactions contemplated
      hereby and thereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with or materially violate
      any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of
      incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii)
      conflict with, or constitute a material default (or an event that with notice
      or
      lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation
      of
      any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary,
      or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or
      cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement,
      credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary
      debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary
      is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary
      is
      bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with
      or
      result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction,
      decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which
      the
      Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities
      laws
      and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a
      Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii)
      and
      (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
      Adverse Effect.

     

    (e) Filings,
      Consents and Approvals.
      The
      Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order
      of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court
      or
      other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person
      in
      connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the
      Transaction Documents, other than (i) filings required pursuant to Section
      4.6,
      (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Registration Statement, (iii) the
      notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the issuance
      and sale of the Securities and the listing of the Underlying Shares for trading
      thereon in the time and manner required thereby, (iv) the filing of Form D
      with
      the Commission and such filings as are required to be made under applicable
      state securities laws and (vi) Shareholder Approval (collectively, the
“Required
      Approvals”).

     

    (f) Issuance
      of the Securities.
      The
      Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance
      with
      the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully
      paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company
      other
      than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents. The
      Underlying Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction
      Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear
      of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided
      for in the Transaction Documents. The Company has reserved from its duly
      authorized capital stock a number of shares of Common Stock for issuance of
      the
      Underlying Shares at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date hereof.
      

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (g) Capitalization.
      The
      capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Reports. Schedule
      3.1(g)
      sets
      forth the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record,
      by
      Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. The Company has not issued
      any
      capital stock since its most
      recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act,
      other
      than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s
      stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees or
      consultants pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant
      to the conversion or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of
      the
      date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No
      Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation,
      or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the
      Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the
      Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to
      subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to,
      or
      securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or
      exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire,
      any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or
      arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound
      to
      issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. The
      issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue
      shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the
      Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities
      to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such
      securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are
      validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance
      with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares
      was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe
      for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any
      stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance
      and
      sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements
      or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which
      the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among
      any
      of the Company’s stockholders.

     

    (h) SEC
      Reports; Financial Statements.
      The
      Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents
      required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange
      Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years
      preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required
      by
      law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including
      the
      exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being
      collectively referred to herein as the “SEC
      Reports”)
      on a
      timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has
      filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As
      of
      their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with
      the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable,
      and
      none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a
      material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein
      or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
      circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial
      statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material
      respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations
      of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing.
      Such
      financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States
      generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during
      the periods involved (“GAAP”),
      except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes
      thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all
      footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the
      financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and
      for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the
      periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal,
      immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (i) Material
      Changes.
      Since
      the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC
      Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed
      prior
      to the date hereof, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development
      that
      has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
      Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or
      otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the
      ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities
      not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to
      GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has
      not
      altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made
      any
      dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or
      purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares
      of
      its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities
      to
      any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock
      option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any
      request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance
      of
      the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule
      3.1(i),
      no
      event, liability or development has occurred or exists with respect to the
      Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective business, properties, operations
      or financial condition, that would be required to be disclosed by the Company
      under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or
      deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one Trading Day prior
      to the date that this representation is made.

     

    (j) Litigation.
      There
      is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation
      pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting
      the
      Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by
      any
      court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority
      (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
      which
      (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability
      of
      any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there
      were
      an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
      Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or
      officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim
      of
      violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim
      of
      breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the
      Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the
      Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer
      of
      the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order
      suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company
      or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act. 

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (k) Labor
      Relations.
      No
      material labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent
      with respect to any of the employees of the Company which could reasonably
      be
      expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its
      Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s
      relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor
      any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and
      the
      Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their
      employees are good. No executive officer, to the knowledge of the Company,
      is,
      or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment
      contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement
      or
      non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive
      covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each
      such
      executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to
      any
      liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its
      Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign
      laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms
      and
      conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be
      in
      compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
      to have a Material Adverse Effect.

     

    (l) Compliance.
      Neither
      the Company nor any Subsidiary (i) is in default under or in violation of (and
      no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of
      time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under),
      nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is
      in
      default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit
      agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by
      which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or
      violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any order of any court,
      arbitrator or governmental body, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any
      statute, rule or regulation of any governmental authority, including without
      limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws applicable to its business
      and all such laws that affect the environment, except in each case as could
      not
      have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
      Effect.

     

    (m) Regulatory
      Permits.
      The
      Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and
      permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory
      authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in
      the
      SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not
      reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
      Permits”),
      and
      neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings
      relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (n) Title
      to Assets.
      The
      Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to
      all
      real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal
      property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and
      the
      Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens as
      do
      not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere
      with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and
      the Subsidiaries and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes,
      the
      payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real
      property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries
      are
      held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the
      Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

     

    (o) Patents
      and Trademarks.
      The
      Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent
      applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names,
      trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property
      rights and similar rights necessary or material for use in connection with
      their
      respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure
      to
      so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual
      Property Rights”).
      Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or
      otherwise) that any of the Intellectual Property Rights used by the Company
      or
      any Subsidiary violates or infringes upon the rights of any Person. To the
      knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable
      and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the
      Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken
      reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value
      of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could
      not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
      Adverse Effect.

     

    (p) Insurance.
      The
      Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial
      responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent
      and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are
      engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance
      coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the
      Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able
      to
      renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or
      to
      obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue
      its business without a significant increase in cost.

     

    (q) Transactions
      with Affiliates and Employees.
      Except
      as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the
      Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the
      Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any
      Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors),
      including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the
      furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal
      property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer,
      director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in
      which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest
      or
      is an officer, director, trustee or partner, in each case in excess of $60,000
      other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered,
      (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii)
      other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock
      option plan of the Company.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (r) Sarbanes-Oxley;
      Internal Accounting Controls.
      The
      Company is in material compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley
      Act
      of 2002 which are applicable to it as of the Closing Date. The
      Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s
      disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by the
      Company’s most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date,
      the “Evaluation
      Date”).
      The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the
      Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness
      of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of
      the
      Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the
      Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in
      the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
      materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial
      reporting.

     

    (s) Certain
      Fees.
      No
      brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
      to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent,
      investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions
      contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no
      obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or
      on
      behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that
      may
      be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
      Documents. 

     

    (t) Private
      Placement.
      Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set
      forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required
      for
      the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers as
      contemplated hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does
      not
      contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.

     

    (u) Investment
      Company.
      The
      Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of
      payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment
      company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
      The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become
      subject to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

     

    (v) Registration
      Rights.
      Other
      than each of the Purchasers and except as set forth on Schedule
      3.1(v),
      no
      Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under
      the
      Securities Act of any securities of the Company.

     

    (w) Listing
      and Maintenance Requirements.
      The
      Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
      Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge
      is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common
      Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification
      that
      the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set
      forth on Schedule
      3.1(w)
      attached
      hereto, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof,
      received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has
      been
      listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the
      listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is,
      and
      has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue
      to
      be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance
      requirements.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (x) Application
      of Takeover Protections.
      The
      Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any,
      in
      order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business
      combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
      or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of
      incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of
      incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result
      of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising
      their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation
      as a
      result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership
      of the Securities.

     

    (y) Disclosure.
      Except
      with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions
      contemplated by the Transaction Documents and except as described in
Section
      3.1(y),
      the
      Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf
      has
      provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information
      that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, nonpublic
      information. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will
      rely
      on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of
      the
      Company. All disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the
      Purchasers regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated
      hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and
      correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
      to
      state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein,
      in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The
      press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding
      the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement
      of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
      therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
      circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The
      Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any
      representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated
      hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2
      hereof.

     

    (z) No
      Integrated Offering.
      Assuming
      the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in
      Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person
      acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers
      or
      sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under
      circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated
      with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act
      which
      would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities
      Act,
      or (ii) any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market
      on
      which any of the securities of the Company are listed or
      designated.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (aa) Solvency.
      Based
      on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date
      after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the
      sale
      of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets
      exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the
      Company’s existing short term liabilities (including known contingent
      liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute
      unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as
      proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the
      particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, and
      projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii)
      the
      current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would
      receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account
      all
      anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or
      in
      respect of its short term liabilities when such amounts are required to be
      paid.
      The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts
      as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable
      on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or
      circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization
      or
      liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction
      within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule
      3.1(aa)
      sets
      forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness
      of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary
      has
      commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness”
means
      (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000
      (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business),
      (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect
      of
      indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected
      in
      the Company’s balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by
      endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar
      transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c) the present value
      of
      any lease payments
      in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance
      with GAAP. Neither
      the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any
      Indebtedness.

     

    (bb) Tax
      Status.
       
      Except
      for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably
      be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each
      Subsidiary has filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and
      franchise tax returns and has paid or accrued all taxes shown as due thereon,
      and the Company has no knowledge of a tax deficiency which has been asserted
      or
      threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary.

     

    (cc) No
      General Solicitation.
      Neither
      the Company nor any person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold
      any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general
      advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the
      Purchasers and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule
      501 under the Securities Act.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (dd) Foreign
      Corrupt Practices.
      Neither
      the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or other person
      acting on behalf of the Company, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds
      for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses
      related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
      payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any
      foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii)
      failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company (or made by any
      person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation
      of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign
      Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

     

    (ee) Accountants.
      The
      Company’s accounting firm is set forth on Schedule
      3.1(ee)
      of the
      Disclosure Schedule. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting
      firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange
      Act
      and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements
      to
      be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ending December 31,
      2007.

     

    (ff) Seniority.
      As of
      the Closing Date, no Indebtedness or other claim against the Company is senior
      to the Debentures in right of payment, whether with respect to interest or
      upon
      liquidation or dissolution, or otherwise, other than indebtedness secured by
      purchase money security interests (which is senior only as to underlying assets
      covered thereby) and capital lease obligations (which is senior only as to
      the
      property covered thereby).

     

    (gg) No
      Disagreements with Accountants and Lawyers.
      There
      are no disagreements of any kind presently existing, or reasonably anticipated
      by the Company to arise, between the Company and the accountants and lawyers
      formerly or presently employed by the Company and the Company is current with
      respect to any fees owed to its accountants and lawyers which could affect
      the
      Company’s ability to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction
      Documents.

     

    (hh) Acknowledgment
      Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities.
      The
      Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely
      in
      the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction
      Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further
      acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary
      of
      the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction
      Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by
      any
      Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection
      with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is
      merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company
      further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into
      this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on
      the
      independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company
      and its representatives.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (ii) Acknowledgment
      Regarding Purchasers’ Trading Activity.
      Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary
      (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.15 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged
      by the Company that (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked to agree by the
      Company, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling,
      long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based
      on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified
      term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser,
      specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative”
transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement
      transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s
      publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in
“derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or
      indirectly, may presently have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv)
      each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control
      over
      any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The
      Company further understands and acknowledges that (a) one or more Purchasers
      may
      engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the
      Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods
      that the value of the Underlying Shares deliverable with respect to Securities
      are being determined, and (b) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce
      the
      value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and
      after
      the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.  The Company
      acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute
      a
      breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

     

    (jj) Regulation
      M Compliance. 
      The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has,
      (i)
      taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in
      the
      stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to
      facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for,
      purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the
      securities of the Company, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any
      compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the
      Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid
      to
      the Company’s placement agent in connection with the placement of the
      Securities.

     

    (kk) Form
      S-3 Eligibility. The
      Company is eligible to register the resale of the Underlying Shares for resale
      by the Purchaser on Form S-3 promulgated under the Securities Act.

     

    3.2 Representations
      and Warranties of the Purchasers.
      Each
      Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser hereby, represents and warrants
      as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as
      follows:

     

    (a) Organization;
      Authority.
      Such
      Purchaser is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
      under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with full right,
      corporate or partnership power and authority to enter into and to consummate
      the
      transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry
      out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of
      the
      Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions
      contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all
      necessary corporate or similar action on the part of such Purchaser. Each
      Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such
      Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms
      hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such
      Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i)
      as
      limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
      reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting
      enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to
      the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable
      remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may
      be
      limited by applicable law.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (b) Own
      Account.
      Such
      Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have
      not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities
      law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not
      with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part
      thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities
      law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in
      violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and
      has
      no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons
      to
      distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation
      and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant
      to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal
      and state securities laws) in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable
      state securities law. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder
      in
      the ordinary course of its business.

     

    (c) Purchaser
      Status.
      At the
      time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and at the date hereof
      it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants or converts any
      Debentures it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule
      501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii)
      a
“qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities
      Act. Such Purchaser is not required to be registered as a broker-dealer under
      Section 15 of the Exchange Act.

     

    (d) Experience
      of Such Purchaser.
      Such
      Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such
      knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters
      so as
      to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
      in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment.
      Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
      Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such
      investment.

     

    (e) General
      Solicitation.
      Such
      Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement,
      article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in
      any
      newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio
      or
      presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general
      advertisement.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (f) Short
      Sales and Confidentiality Prior To The Date Hereof.
      Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser
      has not directly or indirectly, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or
      pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, executed any purchases or
      sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the
      period commencing from
      the time
      that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the
      Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material
      terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder until the date hereof
(“Discussion
      Time”).
      Notwithstanding
      the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment
      vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such
      Purchaser's assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the
      investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions
      of
      such Purchaser's assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply
      with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that
      made
      the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.
      Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has
      maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection
      with
      this transaction (including the existence and terms of this
      transaction).

     

    ARTICLE
      IV.

    OTHER
      AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

     

    4.1 Transfer
      Restrictions.

     

    (a) The
      Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal
      securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than
      pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company
      or
      to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated
      in
      Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to
      the
      Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably
      acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be
      reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does
      not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities
      Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing
      to
      be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights of a Purchaser
      under this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement. Upon a cashless
      exercise of the Warrant, the holding period for purposes of Rule 144 shall
      tack
      back to the original date of issuance of such Warrant to the extent permitted
      under applicable law.

     

    (b) The
      Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section
      4.1,
      of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:

     

    [NEITHER]
      THIS SECURITY [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS [EXERCISABLE]
      [CONVERTIBLE]] HAS [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
      COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN
      EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE
      “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT
      TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT
      TO
      AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE
      REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH
      APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL
      TO
      THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY
      ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY. THIS SECURITY [AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON
      [EXERCISE] [CONVERSION] OF THIS SECURITY] MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH
      A
      BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    The
      Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge
      pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or
      grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial
      institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the
      Securities Act and who agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement
      and the Registration Rights Agreement and, if required under the terms of such
      arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the
      pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject
      to
      approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee,
      secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further,
      no
      notice shall be required of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense,
      the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee
      or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a
      pledge or transfer of the Securities, including, if the Securities are subject
      to registration pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the preparation
      and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under
      the
      Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to
      appropriately amend the list of Selling Stockholders thereunder.

     

    (c) Certificates
      evidencing the Underlying Shares shall not contain any legend (including the
      legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof): (i) while a registration statement
      (including the Registration Statement) covering the resale of such security
      is
      effective under the Securities Act, or (ii) following any sale of such
      Underlying Shares pursuant to Rule 144, or (iii) if such Underlying Shares
      are
      eligible for sale under Rule 144 without volume or manner restrictions, or
      (iv)
      if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities
      Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff
      of the Commission), provided that, as to clauses (ii) and (iv) only, such
      Purchaser shall have delivered any customary and reasonable supporting
      documentation requested in writing by the Company. The Company shall cause
      its
      counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent promptly after the
      Effective Date if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the
      legend hereunder. If all or any portion of a Debenture or Warrant is converted
      or exercised (as applicable) at a time when there is an effective registration
      statement to cover the resale of the Underlying Shares, or if such Underlying
      Shares may be sold under Rule 144(k) or if such legend is not otherwise required
      under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial
      interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then
      such Underlying Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees
      that following the Effective Date or at such time as such legend is no longer
      required under this Section 4.1(c), it will, no later than five Trading Days
      following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent
      of a
      certificate representing Underlying Shares, as applicable, issued with a
      restrictive legend (such fifth Trading Day, the “Legend
      Removal Date”),
      deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing
      such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company
      may
      not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent
      that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section.
      Certificates for Underlying Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall
      be
      transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account
      of
      the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as
      directed by such Purchaser.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    (d) In
      addition to such Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to
      a Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for
      each $1,000 of Underlying Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on
      the
      date such Securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal
      of the restrictive legend and subject to Section 4.1(c), $10 per Trading Day
      (increasing to $20 per Trading Day 5 Trading Days after such damages have begun
      to accrue) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such
      certificate is delivered without a legend. Nothing herein shall limit such
      Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Company’s failure to deliver
      certificates representing any Securities as required by the Transaction
      Documents, and such Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies
      available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
      of
      specific performance and/or injunctive relief.

     

    (e) Each
      Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, agrees that
      such
      Purchaser will sell any Securities pursuant to either the registration
      requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery
      requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Securities are sold
      pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with
      the
      plan of distribution set forth therein, and acknowledges that the removal of
      the
      restrictive legend from certificates representing Securities as set forth in
      this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this
      understanding.

     

    4.2 Acknowledgment
      of Dilution.
      The
      Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution
      of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial
      under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its
      obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation,
      its
      obligation to issue the Underlying Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents,
      are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off,
      counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution
      or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the
      dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other
      stockholders of the Company.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    4.3 Furnishing
      of Information.
      Until
      the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the
      Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain
      extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period)
      all
      reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant
      to
      the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting
      requirements of the Exchange Act. As long as any Purchaser owns Securities,
      if
      the Company is not required to file reports pursuant to the Exchange Act, it
      will prepare and furnish to the Purchasers and make publicly available in
      accordance with Rule 144(c) such information as is required for the Purchasers
      to sell the Securities under Rule 144. The Company further covenants that it
      will take such further action as any holder of Securities may reasonably
      request, to the extent required from time to time to enable such Person to
      sell
      such Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the
      requirements of the exemption provided by Rule 144.

     

    4.4 Integration.
      The
      Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise
      negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities
      Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities to the
      Purchasers in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities
      Act of the sale of the Securities to the Purchasers or that would be integrated
      with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and
      regulations of any Trading Market.

     

    4.5 Conversion
      and Exercise Procedures.
      The
      form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants and the form of Notice
      of
      Conversion included in the Debentures set
      forth
      the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise
      the Warrants or convert the Debentures. No additional legal opinion or other
      information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise
      their Warrants or convert their Debentures. The Company shall honor exercises
      of
      the Warrants and conversions of the Debentures and shall deliver Underlying
      Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth
      in
      the Transaction Documents.

     

    4.6 Securities
      Laws Disclosure; Publicity.
      The
      Company shall, by 8:30 a.m. (New York City time) on the second Trading Day
      following the date hereof, issue a Current Report on Form 8-K disclosing the
      material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and attaching the
      Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto. The Company and the Placement Agent
      shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect
      to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company, the Placement
      Agent nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release or otherwise make
      any
      such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect
      to
      any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each
      Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent
      shall
      not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required
      by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other
      party with prior notice of such public statement or communication.
      Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the
      name
      of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the
      Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written
      consent of such Purchaser, except (i) as required by federal securities law
      in
      connection with (A) any registration statement contemplated by the Registration
      Rights Agreement and (B) the filing of final Transaction Documents (including
      signature pages thereto) with the Commission and (ii) to the extent such
      disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case
      the
      Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure
      permitted under this clause (ii).

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    4.7 Shareholder
      Rights Plan.
      No
      claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the
      Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any
      control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any
      distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or
      arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser
      could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement,
      by
      virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any
      other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.

     

    4.8 Non-Public
      Information.
      Except
      with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions
      contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company covenants and agrees
      that
      neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf, will provide any Purchaser
      or its agents or counsel with any information that the Company believes
      constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser
      shall have executed a written agreement regarding the confidentiality and use
      of
      such information. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser
      shall
      be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities
      of
      the Company.

     

    4.9 Use
      of
      Proceeds.
      Except
      as set forth on Schedule
      4.9
      attached
      hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities
      hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds for
      (a)
      the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of
      trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior
      practices), (b) the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents,
      or (c) the settlement of any outstanding litigation.

     

    4.10 Indemnification
      of Purchasers.
      Subject
      to the provisions of this Section 4.10, the Company will indemnify and hold
      each
      Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners,
      employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent
      role
      of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any
      other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of
      Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the
      directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and
      any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such
      titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such
      controlling person (each, a “Purchaser
      Party”)
      harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims,
      contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts
      paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of
      investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result
      of
      or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties,
      covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other
      Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against a Purchaser in any
      capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder
      of
      the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser, with respect to any
      of
      the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action
      is based upon a breach of such Purchaser’s representations, warranties or
      covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings
      such Purchaser may have with any such stockholder or any violations by the
      Purchaser of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser
      which constitutes fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct or malfeasance).
      If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which
      indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall
      promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right
      to
      assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably
      acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right
      to
      employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense
      thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense
      of
      such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has
      been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has
      failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ
      counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of such
      separate counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position
      of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the
      Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more
      than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser
      Party under this Agreement (i) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected
      without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably
      withheld or delayed; or (ii) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss,
      claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of
      any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such
      Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction
      Documents.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    4.11 Reservation
      and Listing of Securities.

     

    (a) The
      Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common
      Stock
      for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents in such amount as may be
      required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction
      Documents.

     

    (b) If,
      on
      any date, the number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved)
      shares of Common Stock is less than the Required Minimum on such date, then
      the
      Board of Directors shall use commercially reasonable efforts to amend the
      Company’s certificate or articles of incorporation to increase the number of
      authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to at least the Required Minimum
      at such time, as soon as possible and in any event not later than the 75th
      day
      after such date.

     

    (c) The
      Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the
      principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an
      additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common
      Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date of such application,
      (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be
      approved for listing on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter,
      (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing, and (iv) maintain
      the
      listing of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum
      on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market. In addition,
      the
      Company shall, if applicable, hold a special meeting of shareholders (which
      may
      also be at the annual meeting of shareholders) at the earliest practical date
      after the date the number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this
      Agreement on a fully converted or exercised basis (ignoring for such purposes
      any conversion or exercise limitations therein) exceeds 17% of the issued and
      outstanding shares of Common Stock on the Closing Date for the purpose of
      obtaining Shareholder Approval, with the recommendation of the Company’s Board
      of Directors that such proposal be approved, and the Company shall solicit
      proxies from its shareholders in connection therewith in the same manner as
      all
      other management proposals in such proxy statement and all management-appointed
      proxyholders shall vote their proxies in favor of such proposal. If the Company
      does not obtain Shareholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company shall
      call a meeting every four months thereafter to seek Shareholder Approval until
      the earlier of the date Shareholder Approval is obtained or the Debentures
      are
      no longer outstanding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Shareholder
      Approval is required, the Company may satisfy such meeting requirements by
      way
      of a shareholder written consent in lieu of a physical meeting.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        27

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.12 [INTENTIONALLY
      DELETED].

     

    4.13 Subsequent
      Equity Sales.
      

     

    (a) From
      the
      date hereof until 90 days after the Effective Date, neither the Company nor
      any
      Subsidiary shall issue shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents;
      provided,
      however,
      the 90
      day period set forth in this Section 4.13 shall be extended for the number
      of
      Trading Days during such period in which (i) trading in the Common Stock is
      suspended by any Trading Market, or (ii) following the Effective Date, the
      Registration Statement is not effective or the prospectus included in the
      Registration Statement may not be used by the Purchasers for the resale of
      the
      Underlying Shares. 

     

    (b) From
      the
      date hereof until such time as no Purchaser holds any of the Securities, the
      Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to
      effect any Subsequent Financing involving a Variable Rate Transaction.
“Variable
      Rate Transaction”
means
      a
      transaction in which the Company issues or sells (i) any debt or equity
      securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or
      include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at
      a
      conversion, exercise or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or
      varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock
      at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or
      (B)
      with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset
      at
      some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security
      or
      upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
      related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or
      (ii) enters into any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line
      of
      credit, whereby the Company may sell securities at a future determined price.
      

     

    (c) Unless
      Shareholder Approval has been obtained and deemed effective, neither the Company
      nor any Subsidiary shall make any issuance whatsoever of Common Stock or Common
      Stock Equivalents which would cause any adjustment of the Conversion Price
      to
      the extent the holders of Debentures would not be permitted, pursuant to Section
      4(c)(i) of the Debentures, to convert their respective outstanding Debentures
      and exercise their respective Warrants in full, ignoring for such purposes
      the
      conversion or exercise limitations therein. Any Purchaser shall be entitled
      to
      obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance,
      which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages. 

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        28

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    (d) Notwithstanding
      the foregoing, this Section 4.13 shall not apply (i) in respect of an Exempt
      Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance
      and (ii) in respect of an equity financing of up to $10 million to be placed
      by
      Roth Capital on or before the earlier of the date that the Registration
      Statement is filed and the Filing Date (as defined in the Registration Rights
      Agreement)

     

    4.14 Equal
      Treatment of Purchasers.
      No
      consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to
      a
      waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents
      unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the
      Transaction Documents. Further, the Company shall not make any payment of
      principal or interest on the Debentures in amounts which are disproportionate
      to
      the respective principal amounts outstanding on the Debentures at any applicable
      time. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right
      granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each
      Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class
      and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or
      as
      a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or
      otherwise.

     

    4.15 Short
      Sales and Confidentiality After The Date Hereof.
      Each
      Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that
      neither it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any
      understanding with it, will execute any Short Sales during the period commencing
      at the Discussion Time and ending at the time that the transactions contemplated
      by this Agreement are first publicly announced as described in Section
      4.6. 
      Each
      Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that
      until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly
      disclosed by the Company as described in Section 4.6, such Purchaser will
      maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction
      and
      the information included in the Disclosure Schedules.  Notwithstanding
      the foregoing, no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant
      hereby that it will not engage in Short Sales in the securities of the Company
      after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first
      publicly announced as described in Section 4.6; provided,
      however,
      each
      Purchaser agrees, severally and not jointly with any other Purchasers, that
      they
      will not enter into any Net Short Sales (as hereinafter defined) from the period
      commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the date that such Purchaser no
      longer holds any of the Securities. 
      For
      purposes of this Section 4.15, a “Net
      Short Sale”
by
      any
      Purchaser shall mean a sale of Common Stock by such Purchaser that is marked
      as
      a short sale and that is made at a time when there is no equivalent offsetting
      long position in Common Stock held by such Purchaser.  For purposes of
      determining whether there is an equivalent offsetting long position in Common
      Stock held by the Purchaser, shares of Common Stock, including the Underlying
      Shares, that have not yet been converted or exercised pursuant to any Common
      Stock Equivalents, including the Debentures and Warrants, shall be deemed to
      be
      held long by the Purchaser, and the amount of shares of Common Stock held in
      a
      long position shall be all unconverted and unexercised shares
      thereunder (ignoring
      any exercise limitations included therein) issuable to such Purchaser on such
      date.  
      Notwithstanding
      the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment
      vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such
      Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the
      investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions
      of
      such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with
      respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made
      the
      investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this
      Agreement.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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    4.16 Form
      D; Blue Sky Filings.
      The
      Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as
      required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request
      of any Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall
      reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to
      qualify the Securities for, sale to the Purchasers at the Closing under
      applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States, and
      shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any
      Purchaser.

     

    4.17 Capital
      Changes.
      The
      Company shall not undertake a reverse stock split or reclassification of the
      Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a
      majority in principal amount then outstanding of the Debentures.

     

    4.18 Most
      Favored Nation Provision.  
      From the date hereof until the date when such Purchaser no longer holds any
      Debentures, if the Company effects a Subsequent Financing, each Purchaser may
      elect, in its sole discretion, to either, at in its sole discretion, (i)
      exchange all or some of the principal amount of Debentures then held by such
      Purchaser for any securities or units issued in a Subsequent Financing on a
      $1.00 for $1.00 basis based on the outstanding Principal Amount of Debentures
      (but not the Warrants), along with, at the option of the Purchaser, any
      liquidated damages and other amounts owing thereon, on the same terms and
      conditions at which such securities were sold in such Subsequent Financing,
      or
      (ii) to have any particular provisions of the Subsequent Financing legal
      documents apply to the Transaction Documents. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
      this Section 4.18 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.

     

    4.19 Cash
      Burn Rate.
      Prior
      to January 1, 2008 the Company shall not have cash or cash equivalent
      expenditures or financial obligations incurred that exceed such expenditures
      and
      obligations incurred during the similar period immediately preceding the date
      hereof. Beginning on January 1, 2008 and for each calendar month thereafter,
      the
      Company’s Cash Burn Rate for each such month shall not exceed $600,000. Upon the
      request of Purchasers holding a majority of the principal amount of Debentures
      then outstanding, the Company shall provide to such Purchasers back-up data
      proving such obligation has been met, which data shall be reasonably
      satisfactory in form and substance to such Purchaser.

     

    MISCELLANEOUS

     

    4.20 Termination. 
      This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s
      obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations
      between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other
      parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before January 31, 2008;
      provided,
      however,
      that
      such termination will not affect the right of any party to sue for any breach
      by
      the other party (or parties).

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        30

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.21 Fees
      and Expenses.
      At the
      Closing, the Company has agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent the
      non-accountable sum of $20,000 for its legal fees and expenses. The Company
      shall deliver to each Purchaser, prior to the Closing, a completed and executed
      copy of the Closing Statement attached hereto as Annex
      A.
      Except
      as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party
      shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other
      experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to
      the
      negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.
      The Company shall pay all transfer agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes
      and
      duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the
      Purchasers.

     

    4.22 Entire
      Agreement.
      The
      Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain
      the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter
      hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written,
      with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged
      into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

     

    4.23 Notices.
      Any and
      all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to
      be
      provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective
      on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication
      is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature
      pages attached hereto prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading
      Day,
      (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or
      communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth
      on
      the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later
      than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second Trading
      Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized
      overnight courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom
      such
      notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications
      shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

     

    4.24 Amendments;
      Waivers.
      No
      provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended
      except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the
      Company and the Purchasers of at least 60% in interest of the Securities still
      held by Purchasers or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom
      enforcement of any such waived provision is sought. No waiver of any default
      with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall
      be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent
      default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof,
      nor
      shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in
      any
      manner impair the exercise of any such right.

     

    4.25 Headings.
      The
      headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this
      Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions
      hereof.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        31

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.26 Successors
      and Assigns.
      This
      Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and
      their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this
      Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written
      consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign
      any
      or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser
      assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in
      writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the
      provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the
“Purchasers.”

     

    4.27 No
      Third-Party Beneficiaries.
      This
      Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective
      successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any
      provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set
      forth
      in Section 4.10.

     

    4.28 Governing
      Law.
      All
      questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation
      of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced
      in
      accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard
      to
      the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal
      proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the
      transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents
      (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors,
      officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively
      in
      the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby
      irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal
      courts sitting in the City of New York, borough of Manhattan for the
      adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any
      transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect
      to
      the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably
      waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim
      that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that
      such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for
      such
      proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process
      and
      consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by
      mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery
      (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices
      to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good
      and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
      shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other
      manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding
      to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then the prevailing
      party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for
      its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the
      investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or
      proceeding.

     

    4.29 Survival.
      The
      representations and warranties shall survive the Closing and the delivery of
      the
      Securities for the applicable statute of limitations.

     

    4.30 Execution.
      This
      Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken
      together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become
      effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to
      the
      other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same
      counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile
      transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature
      shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose
      behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such
      facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        32

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.31 Severability.
      If any
      term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court
      of
      competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the
      remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein
      shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired
      or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable
      efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or
      substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
      covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the
      intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms,
      provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may
      be
      hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

     

    4.32 Rescission
      and Withdrawal Right.
      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting
      any
      similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any
      Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
      Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within
      the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw,
      in
      its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any
      relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to
      its
      future actions and rights; provided,
      however,
      that in
      the case of a rescission of a conversion of a Debenture or exercise of a
      Warrant, the Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock
      delivered in connection with any such rescinded conversion or exercise
      notice.

     

    4.33 Replacement
      of Securities.
      If any
      certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen
      or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and
      substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation),
      or
      in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but
      only
      upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss,
      theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under
      such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including
      customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement
      Securities.

     

    4.34 Remedies.
      In
      addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted
      by
      law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company
      will
      be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties
      agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss
      incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction
      Documents and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert in any action for
      specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law
      would be adequate. 

     

    4.35 Payment
      Set Aside.
      To the
      extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant
      to
      any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights
      thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement
      or
      exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be
      fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are
      required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee,
      receiver or any other person under any law (including, without limitation,
      any
      bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action),
      then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof
      originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full
      force
      and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff
      had not occurred.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        33

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.36 Usury.
      To the
      extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon
      or
      plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and will resist any and all efforts
      to
      be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted,
      now or at any time hereafter in force, in connection with any claim, action
      or
      proceeding that may be brought by any Purchaser in order to enforce any right
      or
      remedy under any Transaction Document. Notwithstanding any provision to the
      contrary contained in any Transaction Document, it is expressly agreed and
      provided that the total liability of the Company under the Transaction Documents
      for payments in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful
      rate
      authorized under applicable law (the “Maximum
      Rate”),
      and,
      without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or
      default interest, or both of them, when aggregated with any other sums in the
      nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under the
      Transaction Documents exceed such Maximum Rate. It is agreed that if the maximum
      contract rate of interest allowed by law and applicable to the Transaction
      Documents is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental
      action subsequent to the date hereof, the new maximum contract rate of interest
      allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate applicable to the Transaction Documents
      from the effective date forward, unless such application is precluded by
      applicable law. If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of
      the
      Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to any Purchaser with respect to
      indebtedness evidenced by the Transaction Documents, such excess shall be
      applied by such Purchaser to the unpaid principal balance of any such
      indebtedness or be refunded to the Company, the manner of handling such excess
      to be at such Purchaser’s election.

     

    4.37 Independent
      Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights.
      The
      obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and
      not
      joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be
      responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations
      of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein
      or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser
      pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership,
      an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a
      presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group
      with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the
      Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect
      and enforce its rights, including without limitation the rights arising out
      of
      this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not
      be
      necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any
      proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own
      separate legal counsel in their review and negotiation of the Transaction
      Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, Purchasers and their
      respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through FWS.
      FWS
      does not represent all of the Purchasers but only the Placement Agent. The
      Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and
      Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it
      was
      required or requested to do so by the Purchasers.

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
        34

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    

     

    4.38 Liquidated
      Damages.
      The
      Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts
      owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company
      and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other
      amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security
      pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due
      and
      payable shall have been canceled.

     

    4.39 Saturdays,
      Sundays, Holidays, etc. If
      the
      last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any
      right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action
      may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
      Day.

     

    4.40 Construction.
      The
      parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel has reviewed
      and
      had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the
      normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be
      resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation
      of the Transaction Documents or any amendments hereto.

     

    4.41 Waiver
      of Jury Trial.
      In any action, suit or proceeding in any jurisdiction brought by any party
      against any other party, the parties each knowingly and intentionally, to the
      greatest extent permitted by applicable law, hereby absolutely, unconditionally,
      irrevocably and expressly waives forever trial by jury.

     

    (Signature
      Pages Follow)


    
      
        
        

      

      
        35

        
          

        

      

      
        
        

      

    


     

    IN
      WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase
      Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
      of
      the date first indicated above.

     

    
      	
              INNOVATIVE
                CARD TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

            	 	
              Address
                for Notice:

            
	 	 	 	 
	By:	                                     
              	 	
              11601
                Wilshire Boulevard

            
	 	
              Name:

            	 	
              Suite
                2160

            
	 	Title:	 	
              Los
                Angeles, California 90025

            
	 	
            	 	
              Facsimile:
                (310) 496-2693

            
	 	 	 	
              Attention:
                Bennet P. Tchaikovsky

            


    

     

    
      	
              With
                a copy to (which shall not constitute
                notice):

            


    

     

    [REMAINDER
      OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

    SIGNATURE
      PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


    
      
        
        

      

      
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    [PURCHASER
      SIGNATURE PAGES TO INVC SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]

     

    IN
      WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement
      to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date
      first indicated above.

     

    
      	
              Name
                of Purchaser:

            	
                                          
                

            


    

     

    
      	
              Signature
                of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:
                

            	                      
              


    

     

    
      	
              Name
                of Authorized Signatory:

            	
                                  
                

            


    

     

    
      	
              Title
                of Authorized Signatory:

            	
                                    
                

            


    

     

    
      	
              Email
                Address of Purchaser: 

            	                          
              


    

     

    
      	
              Facsimile
                Number of Purchaser:

            	
                                         
                

            


    

     

    Address
      for Notice of Purchaser:

     

    Address
      for Delivery of Securities for Purchaser (if not same as address for
      notice):


    
      	
              Subscription
                Amount:

            	
                                     
                

            


    

     

    
      	
              Warrant
                Shares:

            	
                                                
                

            


    

     

    EIN
      Number:

     

    [SIGNATURE
      PAGES CONTINUE]

     

    
      
        
        

      

      
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