United States Department of Agriculture

Colville National Forest 

Land Management Plan

Ferry, Pend Oreille, and Stevens Counties, Washington 

Forest Service Colville National Forest September 2018 
Cover photo: Hooknose Peak, Sullivan Lake Ranger District

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Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

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Colville National Forest 

Land Management Plan

Stevens, Ferry, and Pend Oreille Counties of Washington State

Responsible Official: Regional Forester

Pacific Northwest Region

1220 SW 3rd Avenue 

Portland, Oregon 97208

For more Information Contact: Rodney Smoldon

Forest Supervisor

Colville National Forest

765 South Main

Colville, Washington 99114
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Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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Contents 

Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................... x

Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

Management Challenges.............................................................................................................. 3

Climate Change ........................................................................................................................ 3

Ecosystem Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 4

Insects and Pathogens .............................................................................................................. 4

Invasive Species ....................................................................................................................... 5

Fire Management ..................................................................................................................... 5

Wildland-urban Interface ......................................................................................................... 6

Recreation ................................................................................................................................ 6

Forest Transportation System (Access System) ....................................................................... 6

Renewable Forest Products ...................................................................................................... 7

Implementation Challenges ..................................................................................................... 7

Introduction to the Plan ............................................................................................................... 9

Purpose of this Land Management Plan ...................................................................................... 9

Summary of the Analysis of the management Situation ........................................................... 10

Management Context ................................................................................................................. 10

Consultation, Cooperation and Coordination ......................................................................... 11

International Boundary with Canada ..................................................................................... 11

State and Local Government .................................................................................................. 11

Federal Trust Responsibility and Tribal Rights and Interests ................................................ 11

Consistency with Plan Components .......................................................................................... 12

Plan Structure ............................................................................................................................ 16

Other Content – Material that is not a Plan Component ............................................................ 18

Relationship of the Forest Plan to Other Strategic Guidance ................................................ 18

Forest Service Management Direction .............................................................................. 18

National and Regional Direction and Guidance .................................................................... 19

Watershed Analysis .......................................................................................................... 20

Forest Direction ..................................................................................................................... 20

Project-level Direction ........................................................................................................... 20

Decisions Made in the Previous Forest Plan ............................................................................. 21

Planning Record ........................................................................................................................ 21

Environmental Impact Statement ........................................................................................... 21

Record of Decision ................................................................................................................ 21

Project Record ........................................................................................................................ 21

Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 21

About the Appendices ............................................................................................................ 21

Appendix A: Consistency with Plan Components ............................................................ 21

Appendix B: Proposed and Possible Management Actions .............................................. 21

Appendix C: Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest ................ 21

Appendix D: Scenic Integrity Objectives ......................................................................... 22

Appendix E: Suitable Uses ............................................................................................... 22

Appendix F: Recreation Opportunity Spectrum ............................................................... 22

Appendix G: Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral 

Entry ................................................................................................................................. 22

Appendix H: Management Area Map ............................................................................... 22

Roles and Contributions for the Colville National Forest ......................................................... 23
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

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International Level ................................................................................................................. 23

National Level ....................................................................................................................... 23

Pacific Northwest Regional Level ....................................................................................... 24

State and Local Level ............................................................................................................ 25

Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Forestwide Direction – Introduction ......................................................................................... 27

Forestwide Direction – Landscape Features and Dynamics ...................................................... 28

Air (AIR) ............................................................................................................................... 29

Desired Condition ............................................................................................................. 29

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 29

Soil (SOIL) ............................................................................................................................ 29

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 30

Objective ........................................................................................................................... 32

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 32

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 32

Vegetation (VEG) .................................................................................................................. 33

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 34

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 39

Standards .......................................................................................................................... 40

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 41

Water Resources (WR) .......................................................................................................... 43

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 51

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 54

Standards .......................................................................................................................... 56

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 57

Wildlife Habitats (WL) .......................................................................................................... 58

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 60

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 61

Standards .......................................................................................................................... 62

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 65

Invasive Species (IS) ............................................................................................................. 68

Desired Condition ............................................................................................................. 68

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 68

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 69

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 69

Forestwide Direction – Social Systems ..................................................................................... 71

Forest Transportation System - Access System (AS) ............................................................ 72

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 72

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 73

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 74

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 74

Heritage Resources (HR) ....................................................................................................... 75

Desired Condition ............................................................................................................. 77

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 77

American Indian Rights and Interest (AI) ............................................................................. 77

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 78

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 78

Lands and Special Uses (LSU) .............................................................................................. 79

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 80

Standards .......................................................................................................................... 81

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 81
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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Livestock Grazing (LG) ......................................................................................................... 83

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 83

Objective ........................................................................................................................... 83

Standards ........................................................................................................................... 84

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 84

Minerals (MIN) ...................................................................................................................... 84

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 85

Standards ........................................................................................................................... 85

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 85

Public Awareness (PA) .......................................................................................................... 86

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 86

Recreation (REC) ................................................................................................................... 86

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 87

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 88

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 88

Renewable Forest Products (RFP) ......................................................................................... 88

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 89

Guideline ........................................................................................................................... 89

Scenery (SCE) ........................................................................................................................ 89

Desired Condition ............................................................................................................. 89

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 90

Standard ............................................................................................................................ 90

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 90

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ....................................................................................... 91

Desired Condition ............................................................................................................. 92

Objective ........................................................................................................................... 92

Standards ........................................................................................................................... 92

Guideline ........................................................................................................................... 92

Chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 93

Management Areas .................................................................................................................... 93

Management Area Descriptions and Plan Direction ................................................................. 93

Administrative and Recreation Sites (ARS) .......................................................................... 95

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 95

Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 97

Standards ........................................................................................................................... 97

Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 97

Suitable Uses..................................................................................................................... 98

Backcountry (BC) .................................................................................................................. 99

Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 99

Standard .......................................................................................................................... 100

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 101

Suitable Uses................................................................................................................... 102

Backcountry Motorized (BCM) ........................................................................................... 103

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 103

Standards ......................................................................................................................... 104

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 104

Suitable Uses................................................................................................................... 105

Focused Restoration (FR) .................................................................................................... 106

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 106

Standard .......................................................................................................................... 107

Suitable Uses................................................................................................................... 108
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

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General Restoration (GR) .................................................................................................... 108

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 109

Guideline ........................................................................................................................ 110

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 110

Nationally Designated Trails (NT) ...................................................................................... 111

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 112

Objective ......................................................................................................................... 113

Standard .......................................................................................................................... 114

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 114

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 115

Research Natural Areas (RNA) ........................................................................................... 116

Desired Condition ........................................................................................................... 117

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 117

Standard .......................................................................................................................... 117

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 118

Riparian Management Areas (RMA) ................................................................................... 119

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 120

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 121

Standards ........................................................................................................................ 121

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 125

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 129

Scenic Byways (SB) ............................................................................................................ 130

Desired Condition ........................................................................................................... 131

Objective ......................................................................................................................... 131

Standard .......................................................................................................................... 131

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 131

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 132

Kettle Crest Recreation Area (KCRA) ................................................................................ 133

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 133

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 134

Standards ........................................................................................................................ 135

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 135

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 136

Wild and Scenic Rivers (WSR) ........................................................................................... 137

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 137

Standards ........................................................................................................................ 138

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 139

Wilderness – Congressionally Designated (WCD) .............................................................. 140

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 140

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 145

Standards ........................................................................................................................ 145

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 146

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 148

Wilderness – Recommended (RW) ..................................................................................... 149

Desired Conditions ......................................................................................................... 149

Standards ........................................................................................................................ 150

Guidelines ....................................................................................................................... 151

Suitable Uses .................................................................................................................. 152

Chapter 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 155

Monitoring ............................................................................................................................... 155

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 155
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................................. 158

Forest Plan Monitoring Questions ....................................................................................... 160

Appendix A – Consistency with Plan Components ..................................................................... 171

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions ....................................................... 175

Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 175

Proposed Management Actions ........................................................................................... 175

Possible Management Actions ................................................................................................. 179

Terrestrial Ecosystems ......................................................................................................... 179

Vegetation ....................................................................................................................... 179

Fire Management ............................................................................................................ 180

Forest Products ............................................................................................................... 180

Invasive Species .............................................................................................................. 182

Wildlife ........................................................................................................................... 182

Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystems........................................................................................ 182

Social Systems ..................................................................................................................... 183

Access and Recreation .................................................................................................... 183

Air Quality ...................................................................................................................... 184

Heritage Resources ......................................................................................................... 184

American Indian Rights and Interests ............................................................................. 184

Lands and Special Uses .................................................................................................. 184

Livestock Grazing ........................................................................................................... 185

Minerals and Energy ....................................................................................................... 185

Road Construction .......................................................................................................... 185

Scenery............................................................................................................................ 186

Social and Economic Systems ........................................................................................ 186

Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish, and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest ........................ 187

Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 187

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives .................................................................................. 193

Scenic Integrity ........................................................................................................................ 193

Appendix E – Suitable Uses by Management Area ..................................................................... 207

Appendix F – Recreation Opportunity Spectrum ........................................................................ 210

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

 ..................................................................................................................................................... 211

Administrative and Recreation Sites ....................................................................................... 211

Communication Sites and Energy Corridors ........................................................................... 219

Mineral Withdrawals ............................................................................................................... 222

Appendix H – Management Area Map ........................................................................................ 236

List of Tables

Table 1. Soil ecological functions with attributes and indicators for long-term soil productivity . 30

Table 2. Minimum effective ground cover following any soil-disturbing activity ........................ 32

Table 3. Forest vegetation types for the Colville National Forest ................................................. 33

Table 4. Forest structure classes .................................................................................................... 33

Table 5. Desired condition for forest structure (HRV) .................................................................. 35

Table 6. Expected patch size by forest vegetation type ................................................................. 35

Table 7. Desired proportion of the forest vegetation types containing the indicated range of snags

per acre for snags 8 to 15 inches diameter at breast height (dbh) in subalpine fir/lodgepole 

pine or 10 to 20 inches dbh and amount of CWD for other forest vegetation types .............. 36
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

viii

Table 8. Desired proportion of the forest vegetation types containing the indicated range of snags

per acre for snags larger than 15 inches dbh in subalpine fir/lodgepole pine or larger than 20 

inches dbh and amount of CWD for other forest vegetation types ........................................ 37

Table 9. Biological legacy categories and examples ..................................................................... 38

Table 10. Key watersheds on the Colville National Forest ........................................................... 47

Table 11. Focal species and management activity ......................................................................... 59

Table 12. Grizzly bear seasonal habitats objective ........................................................................ 62

Table 13. Surrogate species habitat – watersheds for treatment .................................................... 62

Table 14. Timing standards for protection of land bird species nest sites ..................................... 62

Table 15. Grizzly bear habitat standards for the shared bear management units of the Colville and 

Idaho Panhandle National Forests ......................................................................................... 64

Table 16. Timing guidelines for protection of bird nest sites ........................................................ 67

Table 17. Colville National Forest management areas with special designations ......................... 94

Table 18. Suitable uses for Administrative and Recreation Sites management areas ................... 98

Table 19. Suitable uses for Backcountry management areas ....................................................... 102

Table 20. Suitable uses for Backcountry Motorized management areas ..................................... 105

Table 21. Suitable uses for Focused Restoration management area ............................................ 108

Table 22. Suitable uses for General Restoration management area ............................................. 110

Table 23. Nationally Designated Trails ....................................................................................... 112

Table 24. Suitable uses for nationally designated trails management areas ................................ 115

Table 25. Colville National Forest research natural areas ........................................................... 116

Table 26. Suitable uses for Research Natural Area management areas ....................................... 118

Table 27. Suitable uses for Riparian management areas ............................................................. 129

Table 28. Scenic byways within the Colville National Forest ..................................................... 130

Table 29. Suitable uses for Scenic Byways management areas ................................................... 132

Table 30. Suitable uses for Kettle Crest Recreation Area management area .............................. 136

Table 31. Eligible wild and scenic rivers by segment and classification ..................................... 137

Table 32. Suitable uses in Wild and Scenic River management areas ........................................ 139

Table 33. Congressionally designated wilderness area in Colville National Forest .................... 140

Table 34. Wilderness resource spectrum class desired condition ................................................ 142

Table 35. Authorization of developments in congressionally designated wilderness ................. 146

Table 36. Suitable uses for congressionally designated wilderness management area................ 148

Table 37. Recommended wilderness by name and acreage ......................................................... 149

Table 38. Suitable uses for Recommended Wilderness management area .................................. 152

Table 39. Monitoring questions ................................................................................................... 160

Table B-1. List of proposed management actions (plan objectives) ............................................ 175

Table B-2. Modelled vegetation treatments by management area and vegetation type .............. 181

Table C-1. Wildlife, fish, and plant species found on the Colville National Forest .................... 188

Table D-1. Scenic integrity and condition definitions ................................................................. 194

Table D-2. Scenic integrity objective by management area ........................................................ 194

Table D-3. Republic Ranger District Scenic Viewsheds ............................................................. 197

Table D-4. Three Rivers Ranger District Scenic Viewsheds ....................................................... 201

Table D-5. Sullivan Lake Ranger District Scenic Viewsheds ..................................................... 203

Table D-6. Newport Ranger District Scenic Viewsheds ............................................................. 205

Table E-1. Suitable uses by management area ............................................................................ 207

Table G-1. Administrative sites on the Colville National Forest ................................................. 211

Table G-2. List of designated communication sites on the Colville National Forest .................. 219

Table G-3. Designated energy corridors on the Colville National Forest ................................... 220

Table G-4. Mineral withdrawals .................................................................................................. 222
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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List of Figures

Figure 1. Vicinity map of the Colville National Forest ................................................................... 1

Figure 2. Colville National Forest counties and neighboring lands ................................................. 2

Figure 3. Hierarchy of management direction for all national forests ........................................... 19

Figure 4. Illustration of watershed hierarchy from the basin to subwatershed scale ..................... 44

Figure 5. Key watersheds ............................................................................................................... 47

Figure 6. Current watershed condition class for subwatersheds across the Forest ........................ 50

Figure D-1. Colville National Forest Scenic Integrity Objectives ............................................... 195

Figure D-2. Republic Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives .............................................. 196

Figure D-3. Three Rivers Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives (Map 1 of 3) .................. 198

Figure D-4. Three Rivers Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives (Map 2 of 3) .................. 199

Figure D-5. Three Rivers Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives (Map 3 of 3) .................. 200

Figure D-6. Sullivan Lake Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives ...................................... 202

Figure D-7. Newport Ranger District Scenic Integrity Objectives .............................................. 204

Figure F-1. Colville National Forest recreation opportunity spectrum ........................................ 210

Figure G-1. Designated communication sites and energy corridors ............................................ 221

Figure G-2. Mineral withdrawals on the west side of the Colville National Forest .................... 228

Figure G-3. Mineral withdrawals on the east side of the Colville National Forest...................... 229

Figure G-4. Republic Ranger District mineral withdrawals ........................................................ 230

Figure G-5. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (Map 1 of 3) ............................. 231

Figure G-6. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (Map 2 of 3) ............................. 232

Figure G-7. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (Map 3 of 3) ............................. 233

Figure G-8. Sullivan Lake Ranger District mineral withdrawals ................................................ 234

Figure G-9. Newport Ranger District mineral withdrawals ......................................................... 235

Figure H-1. Colville National Forest management areas ............................................................. 236
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

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Acronyms

ACS Aquatic Conservation Strategy

AEC Aquatic Ecological Condition 

AIS Aquatic Invasive Species 

AMS Analysis of the Management 

Situation

ARCS Aquatic and Riparian 

Conservation Strategy

ARS Administrative and Recreation 

Sites

ASQ Allowable Sale Quantity

ATV All-terrain Vehicle

AUM Animal Unit Month

BC Backcountry Non-Motorized

BCM Backcountry Motorized 

BLM Bureau of Land Management

BMP Best Management Practice

CCF Hundred Cubic Feet

CEQ Council on Environmental 

Quality

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CNF Colville National Forest

CWA Clean Water Act

CWPP Community Wildfire 

Protection Plan

DEIS Draft Environmental Impact 

Statement

DSM Decision Support Model

EPA Environmental Protection 

Agency

ESA Endangered Species Act

FEIS Final Environmental Impact 

Statement

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission

FR Focused Restoration

FRCC Fire Regime Condition Class

FSH Forest Service Handbook

FSM Forest Service Manual

GDE Groundwater-dependent 

Ecosystems

GIS Geographic Information 

System

GR General Restoration

HRV Historical Range of Variability

HUC Hydrologic Unit Code

ICBEMP Interior Columbia Basin 

Ecosystem Management 

Project

IDT Interdisciplinary Team

IGBC Interagency Grizzly Bear 

Committee

INFISH Inland Native Fish Strategy

KCRA Kettle Crest Recreation Area

LCAS Lynx Conservation Assessment 

and Strategy

LMP Land Management Plan

LRMP Land and Resource 

Management Plan

LSOF Late Structure Old Forest

LTA Landtype Association 

LTSYC Long-term Sustained Yield 

Capacity

MA Management Area

MMBF Million Board Feet

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MOU Memorandum of 

Understanding

MUSYA Multiple Use Sustained Yield 

Act

MVUM Motor Vehicle Use Map

NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality 

Standard

NEPA National Environmental Policy 

Act

NFMA National Forest Management 

Act

NFS National Forest System

NHD National Hydrography Dataset

NHPA National Historic Preservation 

Act

NOA Notice of Availability

NRT National Recreation Trail

NST National Scenic Trail

NT Nationally Designated Trails

NVUM National Visitor Use 

Monitoring

OHV Off-highway Vehicle
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

xi

PIBO PACFISH/INFISH Biological 

Opinion

PILT Payment in Lieu of Taxes

PTSQ Projected Timber Sale 

Quantity

PUD Public Utility District

PWA Potential Wilderness Area

PWSQ Projected Wood Sale Quantity

RACR Roadless Area Conservation 

Rule

RHCA Riparian Habitat Conservation 

Area

RMA Riparian Management Area

RMO Riparian Management 

Objective

RNA Research Natural Area

ROD Record of Decision

ROS Recreation Opportunity 

Spectrum

RW Recommended Wilderness

SB Scenic Byways

SIO 

SMS

Scenic Integrity Objectives

Scenery Management System

SPM Semi-primitive Motorized

SPNM Semi-primitive Non-Motorized

TEP Threatened, Endangered, and 

Proposed (species)

TES Threatened, Endangered & 

Sensitive (species)

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load

USC United States Code

USDA United States Department of 

Agriculture

USDI United States Department of 

Interior

USFS United States Forest Service

USGS United States Geological 

Survey 

WAC Washington Administrative 

Code

WAP Watershed Action Plan 

WCD Wilderness - Congressionally 

Designated

WCF Watershed Condition 

Framework 

WDFW Washington Department of 

Fish and Wildlife

WADoE Washington Department of 

Ecology

WQIP Water Quality Implementation 

Plan

WRIA Water Resources Inventory 

Areas

WSR Wild and Scenic River

WUI Wildland-urban Interface

Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1 

Chapter 1 

INTRODUCTION

Located in the northeastern corner of Washington State, the Colville National Forest lies within 

a remote area of wild beauty and rich history. Encompassing 1.1 million acres, the Colville 

occupies nearly one-third of the total area of Ferry, Pend Oreille, and Stevens Counties. To the 

north, the national forest is bordered by British Columbia; to the west by the OkanoganWenatchee National Forest; to the east by the Idaho Panhandle National Forests; and to the 

south by a portion of the Colville Confederated Tribes Indian Reservation. Lincoln and Spokane 

Counties, though not immediately adjacent, are within the Colville National Forest's area of 

influence. If these two counties are included, the influence area of the national forest accounts 

for almost 10 percent of the total state population. Visitation from other areas, such as 

Okanogan County, may also be substantial and, if considered, would enlarge the Colville’s area

of influence.

Figure 1. Vicinity map of the Colville National Forest 

Visitors access the Colville National Forest from one Federal (U.S. 395) and three State highways 

(Highways 21, 25, and 31) that mostly follow the north–south drainages, and from State 

Highway 20, which transects the middle of the national forest in a west–east direction. Three 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

2 

recognized scenic byways bisect the Colville: Sherman Pass and North Pend Oreille National 

Scenic Byways and the International Selkirk Loop (designated an All-American Road). Numerous 

National Forest System (NFS) roads and trails provide access to gathering sites for forest 

products and a diversity of developed and dispersed, outdoor, rustic recreation opportunities.

Two north−south oriented mountain ranges comprise the bulk of the Colville National Forest: 

the 7,000-foot Selkirk Range (featuring the outstanding high-country Salmo-Priest Wilderness) 

and the Kettle River Range. The Pend Oreille River, surrounded by mostly private land, runs 

along the western edge of the Selkirks. The 130-mile-long Lake Roosevelt National Recreation 

Area, a segment of the Columbia River reservoir created by Grand Coulee Dam, divides the 

national forest. The National Recreation Area draws thousands of visitors to this remote corner 

of Washington State each year. 

Figure 2. Colville National Forest counties and neighboring lands

Three vegetation zones comprise Colville National Forest, each with a unique climate and 

topography. Dry forests of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir dominate the rolling landscape of the 

Okanogan Highlands west of the Kettle Crest. The subalpine fir types along the Kettle Crest 

separate the western portion of the national forest from the lush valleys and richly forested 

mountains to the east where rainfall reaches 50 inches a year in the Salmo-Priest Wilderness. 

Western red cedar and western hemlock forests are comparable to those on the west side of 

the North Cascades Range. Wildlife including bull trout, grizzly bear, woodland caribou, moose, 

wolf, and bald eagle inhabit regions of the Colville. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

3 

All water flowing from the Colville National Forest eventually drains into the Columbia River. 

Major drainages include the Pend Oreille, Colville, Kettle, and Sanpoil Rivers. The national forest 

contains approximately 500 miles of fish-bearing streams and about 100 lakes and ponds.

Principal ecosystem services are timber, wildlife, fish, water, forage, and recreation. Timber 

harvest remains one of the primary ways the Colville National Forest meets economic needs. 

Between 1988 and 2014, timber harvest levels averaged approximately 47.6 million board feet 

(MMBF) per year. The amount of timber sold has declined over the life of the 1988 Forest Plan 

from a high of 134 MMBF in 1989 to a low of 18 MMBF in 2005 (with an average of 49 MMBF 

per year from 2012-2016). Approximately 10 percent of the annual volume the national forest 

sells is non-commercial material such as firewood or biomass. During the most recent 10-year 

period, the Colville supported an average of 29,500 animal unit months of forage for cattle 

grazing. The national forest currently has a total of 58 grazing allotments that cover 

810,000 acres. Grazing on the Colville National Forest generally occurs from June through 

October.

With an estimated 336,000 visits per year, the Colville National Forest is a popular retreat for 

activities including camping, winter sports, forest product gathering, off-highway vehicle use, 

four-season trail use, driving for pleasure, snowmobiling, backcountry travel, hunting, fishing, 

and wildlife viewing. Combined, day-use and overnight recreation opportunities contribute an 

estimated $7.5 million (in 2003 dollars) in annual revenues to communities located within 

50 miles of the national forest (2009 NVUM Master Report). 

Approximately 4,000 miles of National Forest System roads provide access to recreation areas 

and places to collect renewable forest products such as firewood, berries, mushrooms, and 

Christmas trees. The Colville National Forest manages 32 campgrounds, 2 eligible wild and 

scenic rivers, the Salmo-Priest Wilderness, 197 miles of the Pacific Northwest National Scenic 

Trail, 49 Degrees North Mountain Resort, and 15 recreation residences.

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

Managing the Colville National Forest to continue providing public benefits includes making 

available recreation access, facilities, and services; supplying renewable and non-renewable 

forest products; and providing roads, services, and accommodations to support local 

economies. It also encompasses protecting clean water sources, aquatic and terrestrial habitat 

for species of fish, plants, and wildlife; and preserving heritage resources. And, each year, forest 

managers focus more on providing quiet, natural places for personal renewal while emphasizing 

planning and restoration of forest ecosystems to make them more resilient to changing 

climates. 

Challenges forest managers face in providing these benefits include population growth, 

urbanization, appropriate recreational use, access, climate change, vegetation and wildlife 

diseases, wildland fire, invasive non-native species management, and protection of natural 

resources. Discussion of these challenges follows.

CLIMATE CHANGE

Projected climate changes, based on current knowledge, information, and data presents 

complex challenges in predicting long-term changes. Broad-scale climate change assumptions 

and potential effects were considered when writing the desired conditions for this plan, 

including:
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

4 

• Continued warming in the Pacific Northwest is likely to result in increased water use by 

vegetation (Hamlet et al. 2007)

• Reduced water available for forest vegetation, wildlife, and humans

• Increased stress on water supplies and water storage facilities throughout the Pacific 

Northwest

• Redistributed forested and nonforested habitats 

Additional information is located in the final Programmatic Land Management Plan EIS. 

ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY

Our national forests are valued for large areas of naturally functioning ecosystems. However, 

climate change, spreading invasive plant and animal species, and human activities threaten 

these same ecosystems. Demand for natural resources, whether for recreation or commodity, 

places additional pressure on ecosystem sustainability. Fragmentation of plant and wildlife 

habitat resulting from growth patterns on lands adjacent to national forests, management 

activities, and increased use of National Forest System lands is affecting our ability to manage 

for federally protected species, such as the grizzly bear, woodland caribou, and bull trout.

Hanley Meadow (photo courtesy of Brandon Weinmann)

INSECTS AND PATHOGENS

Insects and pathogens are a natural part of a functioning ecosystem. However, impacts from 

them can be exacerbated when stands are over stocked and stand structures and species 

composition favor the insect or pathogens. In addition, the introduction of the non-native white 

pine blister rust has decreased the presence and regeneration levels of the five needle pines. 

Additionally the non-native balsam woolly adelgid is changing some of the true fir species 

presence. 

We have identified wildfire exclusion, historic grazing practices, and historic timber harvesting 

as the principal factors resulting in increased live tree stocking levels, increased levels of mid 

and late seral species, and homogenization of spatial patterns. These factors contribute to 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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5 

uncharacteristic conditions that support larger scale and more persistent insect outbreaks 

(Hessburg et al. 1994). These factors also lead to stand conditions that cause an increase of tree 

growth loss and mortality by native root diseases and dwarf mistletoes. Acreage affected by 

insects and disease has consistently exceeded acreage affected by wildfire in the Colville 

National Forest. 

The interaction of increased tree density, stand structures and species compositions that favor 

root disease and dwarf mistletoe spread, increased insect levels of both defoliators and bark 

beetles, increased fuel levels, and climate change impacts such as water stress 1 are influencing 

the levels of current late forest structures and will continue to influence future late forest 

structure development. White pine blister rust has widespread impact on forest structure and 

composition that have forest health consequences beyond the disease itself. 

INVASIVE SPECIES 

National invasive species management direction is provided by Forest Service Manual 2900. The 

objectives for aquatic and terrestrial invasive species management (including vertebrates, 

invertebrates, plants, and pathogens) in the Forest Plan are based upon an integrated pest 

management approach on all areas within the National Forest System, and on areas managed 

outside of the National Forest System under the authority of the Wyden Amendment (P.L. 109-

54, Section 434), prioritizing prevention and early detection and rapid response actions as 

necessary. 

Currently, approximately 20,000 acres of invasive plants exist on the Colville National Forest. 

Class A2 noxious weeds and invasive plants near wilderness, RNAs and other unique areas are a 

priority for treatment. Invasive animals such as feral pig are a high priority for prevention and 

early detection and rapid response. Aquatic invasives such as quagga and zebra mussels are also 

a high priority for prevention and early detection and rapid response. Invasive insects such as 

Asian longhorned beetle also pose a threat of serious impact to forest conditions. Pathogens 

such as exotic root diseases may also target a specific species of native tree and result in 

widespread damage. Funding to treat known invasive populations has not kept pace with their 

spread, capacity to treat known risks, and fully implement early detection and rapid response. 

FIRE MANAGEMENT

Wildland fire is an essential disturbance process in dynamic and resilient ecosystems. However, 

the potential for uncharacteristic wildfire that is more severe, dangerous, and difficult and 

costly to suppress, concerns forest managers. 

Fire played an important role in the historical development of both forested and non-forested 

vegetation across northeastern Washington. Fire was generally either low or mixed severity 

across much of the Colville National Forest. It created a mix of structural stages (forested 

vegetation); removed understory trees in dry forest types; resulted in a mix of opening sizes 

creating locations for establishment of shade-intolerant tree species and increased ground-level 

forage; regenerated shrubs and understory plants for wildlife forage; and created snag habitat.

 

1 Water stress is primarily caused by a water deficit (where there is a lack of water to fully meet the needs of the 

vegetation). 2 Class A weeds are non-native species whose distribution in Washington State is still limited. Preventing new 

infestations and eradicating existing infestations are the highest priority. Eradication of all Class A plants is required 

by law. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

6 

However, uncharacteristic wildfire may contribute to the spread of invasive plant species, 

reduce habitat for federally listed terrestrial and aquatic species, and cause damage to the 

Forest’s infrastructure and adjacent property values. Uncharacteristic wildfire is often 

associated with high to moderate fire intensity and burn severity, which could result in 

accelerated erosion, loss or impairment of soil productivity, potential to increase peak flows, 

reduce water quality, and decrease aquatic habitat function. Uncharacteristic wildfires are also 

associated with increasingly high levels of dead and downed fuel, overstocked forests, and 

drought. Insect outbreaks and diseases can also contribute to (or create additional) fuel loads. 

Development of structures in the wildland interface areas adjacent to national forest lands adds 

to the complexity and danger of wildfire suppression. 

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE

Wildland-urban interface (WUI) will continue to change over the life of the Forest Plan. As 

communities update their wildfire protection plans, additional WUI area can and will be added. 

The trend indicates that people will continue to build adjacent to national forest lands. This will 

affect wildland fire and fuels projects through public input in support of, or against those 

projects. It will also affect wildland fire limits in some areas because of social and political 

concerns related to individual perceptions of wildland fire risk and fuel management.

This Forest Plan includes recommended wilderness management area designations that overlap 

areas identified as WUI by counties. Desired conditions for recommended wilderness include 

retaining wilderness characteristics. This overlap of management area desired conditions will 

also affect management of fuels and fire risk.

RECREATION

Recreational use of the Colville National Forest is projected to increase due to population 

growth, more people seeking outdoor activities, and increased participation in popular 

activities. Increasing numbers of residents of communities surrounding the national forest seek 

healthful, outdoor-oriented lifestyles. Changing use patterns suggest the need to provide more 

specific infrastructure, such as facilities for large group use. Some activities such as mountain 

biking and off-highway vehicle use have surged in popularity since the current plans were 

approved. As development of private land continues, the Forest Service anticipates a greater 

dependence on the Colville for nature-based activities and experiences that are becoming less 

accessible elsewhere. In some locations, resource impacts and crowding associated with 

recreational use are growing, and damage to riparian areas and unauthorized trail development 

are of particular concern.

Maintaining recreation infrastructure and providing opportunities for a broad cross-section of 

the public will strengthen the national forest’s relevancy and contribute to future generations’ 

appreciation and support of the National Forest System.

FOREST TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ACCESS SYSTEM) 

Issues surrounding access to and through the national forest are complex. The Colville National 

Forest administers over 4,000 miles of system roads. The cost of managing this extensive 

transportation system while providing public and administrative access, habitat for fish and 

wildlife, and preservation and improvement of water quality presents challenging resource 

trade-offs.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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7 

Additional private landowners adjacent to national forests means more neighbors with whom 

the Forest Service needs to coordinate access for public recreation and other management 

activities. 

RENEWABLE FOREST PRODUCTS

The Colville National Forest provides water and renewable forest products such as timber, 

firewood, forage, huckleberries, mushrooms, material for floral arrangements, Christmas trees, 

native plants and seed, and medicinal plants. Managers must effectively communicate with an 

increasing diversity of people with varying knowledge of national forest management objectives 

to encourage responsible stewardship of the national forest.

IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

A final challenge is maintaining relevancy of the national forests to the American people. Our 

success in achieving desired conditions depends on recognizing these challenges, some of 

which may be beyond our management capability, such as uncertainties around climate change, 

unforeseen environmental disturbances, and budgetary fluctuations. These challenges may 

mean it will take longer and more work to achieve the desired conditions. Congress allocates 

the Forest Service budgets on an annual basis, which may or may not be sufficient to implement 

proposed annual activities or meet desired conditions.
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Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAN

The mission of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service is to sustain 

the health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs 

of present and future generations. The phrase, “Caring for the Land and Serving People” 

captures the USDA Forest Service mission. As set forth in law, our mission is to achieve quality 

land management under the sustainable multiple-use management concept to meet the 

diverse needs of people. The overall goal of managing the National Forest System is to sustain 

the multiple uses of its renewable resources in perpetuity, while maintaining the long-term 

productivity of the land.

PURPOSE OF THIS LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Based on current information and guidance, this Land Management Plan (Plan or Forest Plan)

provides responsible land management direction for the Colville National Forest by guiding 

programs, practices, uses and projects. For ease of discussion throughout this document, the 

Colville National Forest will be referred to as Forest when referencing the single administrative 

unit, the staff that administers the unit, or the National Forest System lands within the unit. 

On March 23, 2012, the agency established a new planning rule (the 2012 Planning Rule). The 

2012 Rule also provides transition language at 36 CFR 219.17(b)(3), allowing the responsible 

official to elect to use the provisions of the prior planning regulations to prepare plan 

amendments and revisions. The responsible official has elected to continue to follow the 

provisions of the planning regulations in effect prior to May 9, 2012, as indicated in the 2011 

Notice of Intent. 

This Plan provides broad guidance and information for project and activity decision-making for 

approximately the next 15 years3

. 

Forest Plan Characteristics

The Plan is strategic in nature. It does not include project and activity decisions. Those 

decisions are made later, only after specific proposals are made and analyzed and there is the 

opportunity for public involvement.

The Plan includes plan components. These are desired conditions, objectives, suitability of 

areas, areas with special designations, monitoring, and standards and guidelines. Plan 

components are distinguished from other parts of the Plan because they can only be changed 

by a plan amendment.

The Plan is adaptive. New knowledge and information can be analyzed and the Plan changed, if 

appropriate, at any time. Changes to plan components are made by a formal amendment 

process. 

The Plan honors the continuing validity of private, statutory, or pre-existing rights.

 

3May be revised sooner if needed because of important changed conditions. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

10

The Forest Plan provides guidance for project- and activity-level decision-making on the Colville 

National Forest for approximately the next 15 years. This guidance includes: 

• Forestwide multiple-use goals (listed as desired conditions) and objectives, including a 

description of the desired condition of the Forest and an identification of the quantities of 

goods and services that are expected to be produced during the planning period. 

• Forestwide standards and guidelines applying to future activities and resource 

integration. 

• Management area (MA) direction (multiple-use prescriptions) with associated standards 

and guidelines, including possible actions (see appendix B).

• Monitoring and evaluation requirements that provide a basis for a periodic determination 

and evaluation of the effects of management practices. 

• Recommendation of wilderness to Congress; and recommendation of rivers eligible for 

inclusion in the Wild and Scenic River System. 

• Determination of suitability and potential capability of lands for resource production 

(timber and grazing). 

Life and safety of forest users is important. However, it is not necessary to provide management 

direction for safety in a forest plan. Numerous regulations, codes, and policies provide for 

human health and safety. 

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT SITUATION

The Analysis of the Management Situation (AMS), required by the 1982 Planning Rule, describes

the social, economic, and ecological conditions and trends in and around the Colville National 

Forest. The AMS notes where the former land management plan (the 1988 plan) does not 

provide adequate management guidance for the present and future, and it identifies where the 

conditions and trends indicate a need for change from the 1988 plan. The AMS is located in the 

planning record.

The AMS identifies three primary areas, or revision topics, where there are priority needs for 

change in program direction.

• Vegetation and Fuels Treatment

• Aquatic (Fish and Water) Systems

• Wildlife Habitat

MANAGEMENT CONTEXT

Management of National Forest System lands occurs in a larger context and geographic 

landscape. National laws, regulations, and policy guide the Forest’s interaction with local, State 

and Federal agencies. The Colville National Forest covers a wide geographic landscape and is a 

neighbor to many entities, ranging from the private landowner, to State and Federal lands, to 

Tribal lands, and a foreign country to the north (Canada). The management of the Forest is set 

within this complex regulatory and geographic environment, and is guided by numerous laws, 

regulations, executive orders, treaties, and agreements. Following is a brief overview of this 

complex situation.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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11

CONSULTATION, COOPERATION AND COORDINATION

The Colville National Forest contains lands adjacent to other national forests, national wildlife 

refuges, United States Department of Interior (USDI) Bureau of Land Management lands, Tribal

lands, and lands managed by the State, in addition to others. Through mandatory requirement 

or agreement, the Forest consults, cooperates, and/or coordinates with many local 

governments (especially counties), state agencies (including the Washington State Historic 

Preservation Office), Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology or WADoE), Washington 

Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW)), Federal agencies (including the USDI Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Department of Homeland Security, and Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission), and American Indian tribes, as well as communities, private entities, individuals, 

research institutions, and organizations. These relationships help improve management 

efficiency, achieve management goals, improve overall resource management, foster consistent 

land management at larger scales, and reduce potential conflicts. If these requirements or 

agreements change, the Forest will comply with, or adapt to the changes as needed. The Forest 

considers these consultation, cooperation, and coordination activities as standard operating 

procedure, and, therefore, they are generally not restated as direction in the Forest Plan.

INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WITH CANADA

The Colville National Forest’s northernmost boundary is the international boundary with 

Canada. A 60-foot-wide reservation strip, the “Taft Reservation” of May 3, 1912, runs along the 

border. Activities by the Forest and other Federal agencies within the reservation strip are the 

subject of numerous agreements and understandings between Federal agencies as well as 

treaties between the United States and Canada. The Plan does not address management within 

the 60-foot reservation or activities within the national forest related to the international 

boundary, as treaties and related agreements and understandings cover those areas.

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

State and local government resource management and land use plans provide guidance for 

management of lands in those jurisdictions. Community wildfire protection plans provide welldefined avenues for coordination. County land use plans describe local government goals and 

objectives for land management and provide opportunities for coordination between the Forest 

Service and local governments.

FEDERAL TRUST RESPONSIBILITY AND TRIBAL RIGHTS AND INTERESTS

American Indian tribes are sovereign nations. They are government entities with which the 

Forest Service has established and continues to maintain government-to-government 

relationships. In government-to-government consultation, the Forest Service acknowledges the 

sovereignty of federally recognized American Indian Tribes, and the special government-togovernment relationship between the Tribes and the United States through Executive Order 

13175 (November 6, 2000).

The United States Government has a trust responsibility to federally recognized tribes. While 

Federal laws apply to all federally recognized American Indian Tribes, each Tribe or 

confederation of Tribes is different and is recognized as a separate and unique government. 

There are differences between Tribes and in historic relationships between Tribes and lands on 

and near their current reservations. In some cases, several Tribes may have legal interests in the 

same lands because they each may have occupied or otherwise used those lands prior to 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

12

relocation on reservations. These factors and others result in unique relationships with each 

Tribe. 

Tribes have reserved rights and privileges for their Tribal members on any off-site reservation 

lands ceded through executive orders to the United States Government. The Forest Service 

manages some of those off-reservation lands ceded through executive orders. Therefore, the 

agency has certain legal responsibilities to American Indian Tribes. The Forest Service is 

required to manage the lands under their stewardship with full consideration of the Federal 

trust responsibility and Tribal rights and interests, particularly reserved rights where they exist. 

In meeting these responsibilities, the agency consults with the Tribes whenever proposed 

policies or management actions may affect their interests. American Indian access to sites is 

protected as well as the use and possession of sacred objects, the freedom to worship through 

ceremonial and traditional rites, and collection of native plant and animal resources for 

traditional cultural purposes. Appropriate protection of these areas is coordinated with the 

leaders of the Tribes. On some occasions, access or use by the public may be temporarily 

denied to allow Tribal members to exercise their reserved rights in privacy and solitude. When 

such uses or temporary closures occur, participating Tribal members are typically required to 

verify their membership in a federally recognized tribe.

While this Plan does not attempt to define the legal obligations of the Forest Service under the 

Federal trust responsibility, the Plan reflects a commitment, whether as a legal obligation or a 

matter of policy, to address Tribal concerns and interests.

Further, the Plan reflects consideration of Federal legal responsibilities to both Tribes and 

American Indian people as expressed through executive order, Federal laws (such as Civil Rights 

Act, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), National Historic Preservation Act, and Native 

American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act), executive orders, and Federal court 

judgments.

More specifically, government-to-government consultation is ongoing between the Forest 

Service and the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, the Kalispel Tribe of Indians, 

and the Spokane Tribe of Indians.

The tribes and Executive orders are as follows: 

• Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation: Executive Order of 1872; North-Half 

Agreement of 1891 

• Kalispel Tribe of Indians: Executive Order of 1914

• Spokane Tribe of Indians: Executive Order of 1881

CONSISTENCY WITH PLAN COMPONENTS 

Under the National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976, a project or activity must be 

consistent with plan components as follows and as described in the Consistency with Plan 

Components Appendix of this Plan. As projects and activities are planned, an interdisciplinary 

team assesses the potential environmental, physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, engineering, 

and economic impacts on the area. 

A project or activity must be consistent with the plan by being consistent with applicable plan 

direction. Direction in this Plan applies to all projects that have decisions made on or after the 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

13

effective date of the final record of decision (ROD). The ROD specifies the transition strategy for 

short- and long-term ongoing actions. 

Plans also contain other content (see the “Other Content” section). Projects and activities are 

not required to be consistent with this other content. 

Where a proposed project or activity would not be consistent with a plan decision, the 

responsible official has the following options: 

• To modify the proposal so that the project or activity will be consistent; 

• To reject the proposal; or 

• To amend the plan at the same time as the approval of the project or activity so that the 

project or activity is consistent with the plan as amended. The amendment may be 

limited to apply only to the project or activity. 

These plan components apply only to National Forest System lands and are measured at the 

forestwide scale unless specifically stated otherwise. The timeframe to achieve objectives is 10 

to 15 years unless stated otherwise. These plan components do not alter any legal or statutory 

rights such as mineral development or private lands access or reduce the need to provide public 

or employee safety. These goals (hereafter identified as desired conditions), objectives, 

standards and guidelines do not supersede law or regulation in the event of conflict between 

them. Standards apply only to management actions.

Plan Components

Desired Conditions

(Goals)

Social, economic, and ecological attributes toward which management of 

the land and resources of the plan area is to be directed. Desired 

conditions are aspirations, not final decisions approving projects and 

activities, and may be achievable only over a long period of time. 

However, projects and activities will be designed to move the forest 

toward desired conditions. 

To be consistent with the desired conditions of the plan, a project or 

activity, when assessed at the appropriate spatial scale described in the 

plan (e.g., landscape scale), must be designed to meet one or more of 

the following conditions: 

− Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired 

conditions of a plan without adversely affecting progress 

toward, or maintenance of, other desired conditions; or 

− Be neutral with regard to progress toward plan desired 

conditions; or 

− Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired 

conditions over the long term, even if the project or activity 

would adversely affect progress toward or maintenance of 

one or more desired conditions in the short term; or 

− Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired 

conditions over the long term, even if the project or activity 

would adversely affect progress toward other desired 

conditions in a negligible way over the long term. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

14

Plan Components

The project or activity documentation should explain how the project or 

activity is consistent with desired conditions and describe any short-term 

or negligible long-term adverse effects the project or activity may have 

concerning the maintenance or attainment of any desired condition. If a 

project will adversely affect progress toward one or more desired 

condition in more than a negligible way or short-term way, a Plan 

Amendment is required.

Objectives These are concise projections of measurable, time-specific intended 

outcomes. Objectives are the means of measuring progress toward 

achieving or maintaining desired conditions. The objectives represent 

just some of the expected outcomes or actions required to accomplish 

movement toward desired conditions.

Variation in achieving objectives may occur during the next 10 to 

15 years because of changes in environmental conditions, available 

budgets, and other factors. Objectives are strongly influenced by recent 

trends, past experiences and anticipated staffing levels, and short-term 

budgets.

A project or activity is consistent with the objectives of the plan if it 

contributes to or does not prevent the attainment of any applicable 

objectives. The project or activity documentation should identify any 

applicable objective(s) to which the project contributes and document 

that the project or activity does not prevent the attainment of any 

objectives. If there are no applicable objectives, the project or activity

must be consistent with the objectives of the plan, and the project or 

activity document should state that fact.

The objectives section provides a description of the potential outcomes 

or results that may be expected to be provided during the planning 

period.

Standards Standards are constraints upon project and activity decision making. 

Standards are established to help achieve desired conditions and 

objectives and to ensure projects and activities on NFS lands comply with 

applicable laws, regulations, Executive orders, and agency directives. 

A project or activity must be consistent with all standards applicable to 

the type of project or activity and its location in the plan area. A project 

or activity is consistent with a standard when its design is in exact accord 

with the standard; variance from a standard is not allowed except by 

plan amendment. The project or activity documentation should confirm 

that the project or activity is consistent with applicable standards. 

Standards are explicitly identified in the Plan.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

15

Plan Components

Guidelines Guidelines provide operational practices and procedures that are applied 

to project and activity decision making to help achieve desired conditions 

and objectives, to avoid or mitigate undesirable effects, or to meet 

applicable legal requirements.

A project or activity is consistent with a guideline in either of two ways: 

1. The project or activity is designed exactly in accord with the 

guideline; or 

2. A project or activity design varies from the exact words of the 

guideline, but it is as effective in meeting the purpose of the 

guideline to contribute to the maintenance or attainment of the 

relevant desired conditions and objectives. 

Guidelines are explicitly identified in the Plan. When a project or activity

varies from the exact words of the guideline, the project or activity

documentation must specifically explain how the project or activity 

design is as effective in contributing to the maintenance or attainment of 

relevant desired conditions and objectives. When deviation from a 

guideline does not meet the original intent, however, a plan amendment 

is required.

Suitability of Areas National Forest System lands are identified as “generally suitable” for 

various uses. Suitability describes the appropriateness of applying certain 

resource management practices (uses) to a particular area of land. An 

area may be identified as generally suitable for uses that are compatible 

with desired conditions and objectives for that area.

A project with the purpose of timber production may occur only in an 

area identified as suitable for timber production. The documentation for 

the project should confirm the project area meets the suitability 

requirements. 

Except for projects with a purpose of timber production, a project or 

activity must address plan suitability determinations in either of two 

ways: 

1. The project or activity is a use identified in the plan as suitable for 

the location where the project or activity is to occur; or 

2. The project or activity is not a use identified in the plan as suitable 

for the location (i.e., the plan is silent on the use or the plan 

identifies the use as not suitable), but the responsible official 

determines that the use is appropriate for that location’s desired 

conditions and objectives. However, if a project or activity is 

specified in the plan as not suitable for the area, an amendment to 

the forest plan is required. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

16

Plan Components

The project documentation should describe that the project or activity is 

either: (1) a use for which the area is specifically identified in the plan as 

suitable or (2) not a use for which the area is specifically identified in the 

plan as suitable, but it is, nonetheless, appropriate for that location.

However, if a project or activity is specified in the plan as not suitable for 

the area, an amendment to the forest plan is required. 

Changes such as updates of data and maps, typographical errors, modifications to the 

monitoring program and monitoring information, and other non-substantive changes in this 

document, may be made with administrative corrections. The public will be notified of any 

future amendments or administrative corrections to the plan.

PLAN STRUCTURE 

This Plan is organized into several major divisions: Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: 

Forestwide Direction; Chapter 3: Management Area Direction; Chapter 4: Monitoring; 

Appendices; and References.

A map of management areas can be found in appendix H of this Plan. Other maps can be found 

in the map packet enclosed with the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Colville Land 

and Resource Management Plan, and 

at http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/colville/landmanagement/planning. A glossary and 

bibliography are also included in the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Colville Land 

and Resource Management Plan. 

The following discussion briefly describes how the plan components are distributed among the 

parts of this Plan. For a quick preview of the Plan structure, glance at the Table of Contents.

Parts of the Plan

Chapter 1:

Introduction

This chapter contains an introduction to the Colville National Forest. It 

also contains information about the ecological and social challenges 

associated with managing the forest, and the context for the local, 

regional, and national laws and policies that guide management. 

This chapter also provides an outline for how the Plan is structured. 

Chapter 2: 

Forestwide Direction

This chapter contains direction that applies forestwide unless more 

stringent or restrictive direction is found in chapter 3. Forestwide 

direction includes desired conditions, objectives, standards, and 

guidelines. Other Forest Service direction including laws, regulations, 

policies, executive orders, and Forest Service directives (manual and 

handbook), is not repeated in the Forest Plan. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

17

Parts of the Plan

The chapter is organized by resource, under the following two major 

categories: 

• Landscape Features and Dynamics

This section includes components for air; aquatic and riparian 

components including key watersheds (networks of watersheds that 

provide crucial habitat for threatened and endangered fish and aquatic 

species); soil; vegetative systems including vegetation disturbance, 

biological legacies, plant habitats including habitats for threatened and 

endangered plant species, and species of concern; and wildlife habitats 

including habitats for threatened, endangered, surrogate, and species of 

management interest. 

• Social Systems 

This section includes components for the access system, lands and special 

uses, commercial livestock grazing, minerals, public awareness, 

recreation, renewable forest products, scenery, and source water 

protections areas. 

This chapter also includes material that is not a plan component and 

appears in light gray boxes. This information is background and typically 

clarifies limits of authority, definitions, application of management 

guidance, and applicability of analysis. Projects and activities are not 

expected to be consistent with this material.

Chapter 3: 

Management Area 

Direction

Management area (MA) allocations are specific to areas across the Forest 

that have similar management needs and desired conditions. Each MA 

has a certain emphasis that will direct management activities on that 

specific piece of land. 

This chapter includes the following for each MA: 

• A brief description of the management area; and 

• Management direction in the form of desired conditions, 

objectives, standards, and guidelines. 

• Forestwide direction, including desired conditions, objectives, 

standards, and guidelines also apply to each MA, unless direction 

for the MA is more stringent or restrictive than the forestwide 

direction.

This chapter also includes tables showing suitable uses that may or may 

not be authorized within a management area. For each table, an “X” 

indicates suitability of the management area for that use, when 

consistent with forestwide and management area direction. Some uses 

are qualified by constraints or exceptions as shown in the table.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

18

Parts of the Plan

This chapter also includes material that is not a plan component and 

appears in light gray boxes. This information is background and typically 

clarifies limits of authority, definitions, application of management 

guidance, and applicability of analysis. Projects and activities are not 

expected to be consistent with this material.

Chapter 4: Monitoring Monitoring is used to determine the degree to which on-the-ground 

management is maintaining or making progress toward desired 

conditions. The monitoring strategy includes questions and performance 

measures designed to inform implementation and effectiveness of plan 

decisions. It helps ensure that the plan remains adaptive, in that new 

knowledge and information can be analyzed and the plan modified as 

needed. Every monitoring question links to one or more desired 

conditions, objectives, standards, or guidelines. However, not every plan 

component has a corresponding monitoring question.

OTHER CONTENT – MATERIAL THAT IS NOT A PLAN COMPONENT

This plan also includes material that is not a plan component. This information is background 

and typically clarifies limits of authority, definitions, management guidance, application of 

management guidance, and applicability of analysis. Projects and activities are not expected to 

be consistent with this background material. Changes to this material do not require a Forest 

Plan amendment. Other content that is not considered plan direction includes roles and 

contributions, management challenges, possible management actions, strategies and 

monitoring. 

All maps and photos within the Plan are for reference unless otherwise noted as a plan 

component.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE FOREST PLAN TO OTHER STRATEGIC GUIDANCE

Forest Service Management Direction

Forest Service direction for managing National Forest System lands comes from several levels.

National and regional direction includes laws, executive orders, and regulations. Forest Service 

policy guides activities on national forests. All forest activities must comply with national 

direction and reflect national policy, including guidance on safety and response to emergency 

situations. 

The hierarchy of management direction ranges from national and regional direction to sitespecific, project-level direction when the Forest Plan is implemented. Figure 3 shows the 

primary levels of direction.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

19

Figure 3. Hierarchy of management direction for all national forests 

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DIRECTION AND GUIDANCE

All land management plans must meet the requirements of the National Forest Management 

Act of 1976. This Plan was revised under the transition provisions of the 2012 Planning Rule (36 

CFR 219). Under the 2012 Planning Rule (Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 219–

Planning), the responsible official may complete and approve plan revision in conformance with 

the provisions of the prior planning regulation, including the transition provisions of the 

reinstated 2000 rule (36 CFR part 299, published at 36 CFR parts 200 to 299, revised as of July 1, 

2010). The transition provisions allow the use of the 1982 planning procedures (see CFR parts 

200 to 299, Revised as of July 1, 2000). A paper copy of the 1982 planning procedures is 

maintained on site at the Colville National Forest Supervisor’s Office in Colville, Washington. See 

the following hyperlink for the 1982 

procedures http://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/nfmareg.html. 

Direction for land management plans is to focus on outcomes achieved over time (desired 

conditions) instead of outputs (products, goods, and services) as in previous plans. In addition, 

plans must guide development of a budget and project activities that bring about desired 

outcomes. Rather than making project-level decisions or commitments to implement specific 

projects, a land management plan provides the context for project development.

Guidance for forest plans is from the USDA Forest Service Strategic Plan. A paper copy of the 

Strategic Plan is maintained on site at the Colville National Forest Supervisor’s Office in Colville, 

Washington, and can also be viewed and downloaded here (http://www.fs.fed.us/plan/). This 

national-level plan is a framework for the National Forest System annual performance plan. It 

guides units such as individual national forests or ranger districts in proposing project-level 

work, while considering the opportunities and challenges detailed in their local unit plans. Like 

individual forest plans, the strategic plan focuses on outcomes or results that are to be achieved 

over time. Forest plans consider the National Strategic Plan in developing desired conditions 

and objectives.

As a Federal land management agency, the Forest Service must follow all applicable Federal 

laws and regulations. If these laws change or are amended, or if new laws are enacted, the 

Forest administration will comply with the changes or additions. The same situation applies to 

executive orders and to agency policy, as expressed in Forest Service Manual and Handbook 

directives. This direction does not need to be restated in the Forest Plan. Wherever the laws, 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

20

regulations, or policies have more stringent requirements than forest plan direction, the Forest 

must and will comply with those requirements.

Examples of Federal laws with which forest plans and revised forest plans must be consistent 

are the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Historic Preservation Act, the Wilderness 

Act, the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and the National Forest Management Act (NFMA). 

Guidance for these laws comes from the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and the Forest 

Service Directive System (the Forest Service Handbooks and Forest Service Manuals). That 

material is not repeated in the Forest Plan, but a summary of these may be found on the Forest 

Service national website at http://www.fs.fed.us/biology/planning/index.html

Overarching national policies, such as the Healthy Forests Initiative or the National Fire Plan, 

also guide development of forest plans and management activities. These laws, regulations, and 

policies are not repeated in the Forest Plan, but may be found on the national Forest Service 

website at http://www.fs.fed.us/. 

Watershed Analysis

Watershed analysis is intended to guide plan implementation by providing decision-makers and 

others: (1) information to identify activities that would maintain watershed and aquatic and 

riparian ecological conditions or move them toward desired conditions; and (2) the context for 

developing projects and evaluating their consistency with plan direction (i.e., desired 

conditions, objectives, standards, and guidelines associated with watershed and aquatic 

resources). 

Watershed analysis is also intended to enable protection and recovery of listed species and 

their habitats and to facilitate efficient project-level conferencing and consultation under 

section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Similarly, it should enable protection and restoration 

of water quality and the full range of beneficial uses of water identified under the Clean Water 

Act.

FOREST DIRECTION

A forest may have a subordinate plan, such as a wilderness management plan, recreation 

management plan, which serves to implement the forest plan. These plans are consistent with, 

the forest plan.

PROJECT-LEVEL DIRECTION

Project-level plans are on-the-ground projects and activities designed to accomplish 

management objectives and move the planning area toward desired conditions. Most sitespecific projects and activities are designed to meet the objectives of the land management 

plan while reflecting current local issues and needs. Projects and activities are subject to the 

National Environmental Policy Act and other applicable laws and regulations. The same 

situation applies to executive orders and to agency policy, as expressed in Forest Service Manual 

and Handbook directives. Wherever the laws, regulations, or policies have more stringent 

requirements than forest plan direction, the Forest must and will comply with those 

requirements. The level of required environmental analysis and planning to carry out a project 

is dictated by the scope and complexity of the project, public issues, and the project’s potential 

effects on the human environment.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

21

DECISIONS MADE IN THE PREVIOUS FOREST PLAN

Decisions made in the previous Forest Plan, such as resource management standards, will no 

longer be binding unless they are explicitly carried forward by inclusion in this plan. Note that 

laws, regulations, and directives are not repeated or summarized in this Plan (unlike the 

previous Forest Plan), but are still in force.

PLANNING RECORD 

A variety of documents, including the Forest Plan, make up the planning record. Aside from the 

land management plan, these include the final environmental impact statement, record of 

decision, and the project record. Following is a description of the most prominent documents. 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 

The preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS) disclosing a preferred alternative 

and a range of alternatives is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (1969) and the 

implementing regulations of NFMA (36 CFR 219). The Final Environmental Impact Statement

(FEIS) for the Colville Land and Resource Management Plan also provides information on the 

existing conditions and the environmental effects associated with the alternatives. 

RECORD OF DECISION 

A record of decision (ROD) follows the FEIS. The ROD documents the selection of an alternative 

and the rationale for that selection to be the Land and Resource Management Plan for the 

Forest. This Forest Plan is based on the preferred alternative selected in the ROD. 

PROJECT RECORD

The project record consists of the relevant decision documentation and pertinent records 

documenting the planning process. All references used throughout the planning process are 

included. 

GLOSSARY

The glossary is a separate companion document that supports the entire planning record. It also

provides definitions of select words from this Forest Plan.

ABOUT THE APPENDICES

Appendix A: Consistency with Plan Components

This appendix explains how projects and activities must be consistent with this Forest Plan. 

Appendix B: Proposed and Possible Management Actions

Appendix B describes proposed and possible management actions that the staff of the Colville 

National Forest anticipate to occur over the life of the Plan, which show the variety of multipleuse opportunities or resource management programs that the Forest expects to provide (36 

CFR 219.11(b)). 

Appendix C: Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

Appendix C provides a summary of wildlife, fish and plant species known to occur on the 

Colville National Forest at the time this Plan becomes effective. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

22

Appendix D: Scenic Integrity Objectives

This appendix provides maps displaying scenic integrity objective designations across the 

Colville National Forest.

Appendix E: Suitable Uses

This appendix provides a table comparing suitable uses across all management area 

designations across the Colville National Forest.

Appendix F: Recreation Opportunity Spectrum

This appendix provides a map displaying recreation opportunity spectrum designations across 

the Colville National Forest.

Appendix G: Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from 

Mineral Entry

This appendix provides tables and maps with locations of designated administrative sites, 

designated energy cooridors, and areas withdrawn from mineral entry across the Colville 

National Forest.

Appendix H: Management Area Map

This appendix provides a map displaying management area designations across the Colville 

National Forest.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

23

ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE COLVILLE NATIONAL 

FOREST

INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

Contains the International Selkirk Loop. This designated All-American Road is one of 31 

in the Nation. It winds through northeastern Washington, northern Idaho, and 

southeastern British Columbia. The loop received the national Rural Community 

Assistance Action Award from the Chief of the USDA Forest Service for 2000 to 2001. 

Shares an international boundary with Canada. The Colville National Forest shares 

50 miles of border with Canada. Visitors cross the Unites States and Canada border 

through six international gateways that allow access through the national forest (these 

include, from west to east: Ferry, Danville, Laurier, Frontier, Boundary, and Metaline 

Falls). 

Hydroelectric power production and energy infrastructure. Waters from the Colville 

National Forest drain to Lake Roosevelt on the Columbia River, which is impounded by 

the Grand Coulee Dam, the largest power supplying dam in the United States. The 

Grand Coulee Dam generates 21 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, supplying 

power to Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, California, 

Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, and Canada. In addition, there are two 

hydropower projects with acreage on the Colville National Forest on the Pend Oreille 

River. Boundary Dam generates one-third of Seattle City Light’s power, and Box Canyon 

Dam supplies power for Pend Oreille County. Both dams also supply power to other 

western states and Canada at times of peak production. Bonneville Power 

Administration owns, operates, and maintains approximately 85 miles of electric 

transmission lines on the Colville National Forest. 

Traditional Tribal Lands. The Colville National Forest recognizes rights and 

responsibilities with the following federally recognized Indian Tribes: the Confederated 

Tribes of the Colville, the Kalispel Tribe of Indians, and the Spokane Tribe of Indians. 

Each has a long, rich history and modern ties to the lands and resources of the Colville 

National Forest. Furthermore, The Colville and Kalispel Tribal reservation lands share 

boundaries with, or are near Colville National Forest lands. Participation and interest 

varies among the Tribes depending upon location, issues, and opportunities. 

Government-to-government relationships with these Tribes has been maintained 

through the planning process and will be continued during the implementation of the 

Plan.

NATIONAL LEVEL

Provides habitat for three federally protected terrestrial wildlife species. The USDI

Fish and Wildlife Service lists the grizzly bear and Canada lynx as threatened species 

and woodland caribou as an endangered species. The far eastern portion of Colville 

National Forest is included in the Selkirk Grizzly Bear Recovery area. The recovery area 

supports a small population of grizzly bears. The Colville contains a recovery area and 

designated critical habitat for the last remaining herd of woodland caribou in the 

continental United States. The recovery area for the Selkirk Mountain Woodland 

Caribou, possibly the most endangered mammal in the continental United States, 

includes a portion of the Colville National Forest and public lands in northern Idaho and 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

24

southern British Columbia. In 2013, only 18 animals were counted in the entire recovery 

area. The Colville does not contain designated critical habitat for Canada lynx, but 

follows current science direction for managing Canada lynx habitat (ILBT 2013). The 

crest of the Kettle River Mountains (known as the Kettle Crest) is part of a Core Area 

that is important for the recovery of Canada lynx in Washington. While lynx have been 

occasionally detected within their historical range in Ferry, Stevens, and Pend Oreille 

Counties, these detections are too few to represent a resident population (Lewis 2016).

However, this plan incorporates new science regarding this species.

Contains one of six nationally designated grizzly bear recovery areas. The Selkirk 

Grizzly Bear Recovery Area is home to a population of approximately 30 grizzly bears. 

The recovery area is one of two in Washington State and one of six in the Nation. It 

includes the Selkirk Mountains ecosystem of northern Idaho, southern British Columbia, 

and northeastern Washington. The northeastern part of the Colville National Forest 

contains the Washington portion of the recovery area. 

Provides habitat for one federally protected species of fish.Bull trout are federally 

listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Bull trout population 

numbers on the Colville National Forest are very small and local populations may not 

currently exist, although occasional individuals are observed in streams on the Forest 

within the Pend Oreille River subbasin. All designated bull trout critical habitat on the 

Forest is within the Pend Oreille River subbasin. Approximately 98 miles of streams on 

the Colville National Forest are designated as critical habitat for the recovery of this 

species. 

Contributes one wilderness to the National Wilderness Preservation System. The 

Salmo-Priest Wilderness (31,400 acres) is an example of the Okanogan Highlands 

landform and is the only wilderness in the northeastern section of the state. 

Contains four national recreation trails (NRT). The Colville National Forest hosts 

80 miles of NRTs. Two of the longest trails are the Kettle Crest (44 miles) and the 

Shedroof Divide (21.8 miles). The other two NRTs are the Lakeshore Trail, also known as 

Sullivan Lake (4.3 miles), and Pass Creek-Grassy Top (7.8 miles). 

Contains approximately 140 miles of the 1,200-mile Pacific Northwest National Scenic 

Trail on National Forest System lands. The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail

crosses seven national forests and ranks among the most scenic trails in the world. The 

trail begins at the Continental Divide and ends at the Pacific Ocean, passing through the 

Selkirk and Kettle River Range Mountains on the Colville National Forest.

PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGIONAL LEVEL4

Provides habitat for regionally rare plant, animal, and fish species. The Colville 

National Forest provides habitat for 5 fish species, 41 plant species, and 27 wildlife 

species considered sensitive by the Forest Service. 

Supports the most concentrated milling area in the state. The Colville timber 

processing area (composed of three Washington counties and three northern Idaho 

counties) includes 22 milling facilities, 11 of which are sawmills. Some of these facilities 

specialize in using small-diameter timber that is abundant on National Forest System 

 

4 Pacific Northwest Region, or Region 6, refers to all National Forest System lands within Washington and Oregon.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1 – Introduction

25

lands in northeastern Washington. This concentration of industrial activity contributes 

to local economies and to the character of communities. 

Contains some of the most highly mineralized areas in the state. The Colville National 

Forest has a geological environment favorable to the occurrence of mineral deposits. 

There has been renewed interest in mineral exploration on the Forest over the past 

several years, in addition to ongoing locatable mining operations on private and other 

Federal lands adjoining the Forest. These mining operations supply important minerals 

for industry and provide economic benefits to rural communities and counties through 

direct employment, direct purchase of goods and services, and increased tax bases. The 

mining industry has been a major contributor to the tri-county economy, and will 

continue to do so in the future. There is low potential for oil and gas, or geothermal 

resources on the Forest. No leasable operations authorized by the Secretary of Interior 

occur on the Forest at this time. 

STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL

Showcases Sherman Pass Scenic Byway and North Pend Oreille Scenic Byway. These 

national forest scenic byways showcase historical sites, views of rivers and mountains, 

and offer varied vegetation including stunning fall foliage and views of past burns.

Provides a continuous supply of high quality water. Brown and Froemke (2009) 

estimated the annual contribution of water supply for all national forests in the 

contiguous United States based on data from 1953 to 1994. Water supply estimates 

were calculated as “precipitation minus natural evapotranspiration” with the 

assumption that water that infiltrates into the soil is not evaporated or transpired is 

eventually available as surface water (Brown and Froemke 2009). Estimated annual 

contribution to water supply from lands within the Colville National Forest 

administrative boundary is 65,100 million cubic feet per year. Estimated annual 

contribution from lands within the Colville National Forest ownership boundary is 

51,500 million cubic feet per year.

Provides an important recreational fishery. Northeastern Washington is popular with 

recreationists and is a favorite fishing destination. Trout and 31 species or sub-species 

of fish inhabit Colville National Forest waters. The major sport fishes are cutthroat 

trout, rainbow trout, Eastern brook trout, German brown trout, ling cod, crappie, 

sunfish, bass, bullheads, and perch. The Colville National Forest encourages 

partnerships with local entities and the public to advance resource conservation and 

enhance recreational fishing opportunities.

Contains an important diversity of wildlife species. Three hundred twenty-three 

known species of vertebrate wildlife occur in Colville National Forest, including 

73 species of mammals, 234 birds, 9 reptiles, and 7 species of amphibians. Unique 

wildlife species such as red-tailed chipmunk, northern bog lemming, and woodland 

caribou live on the national forest. The Selkirk Mountains and Kettle River Range are 

also the only places in America where woodland caribou, moose, elk, mule deer, and 

white-tailed deer share the same habitat. Northeastern Washington harbors the largest 

white-tailed deer populations in Washington. White-tailed deer provide an important 

recreational, economic, and ecological resource, contributing to local economies by 

attracting hunters to the area. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 

identifies two areas that are managed for white-tailed deer that include portions of the 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 1– Introduction 

26

Colville National Forest: the Okanogan Highlands is composed of 25 percent National 

Forest System land and the Selkirks contain 26 percent National Forest System land.

Contains a significant diversity of plant species and communities. Herbaria data 

include about 2,400 vascular and nonvascular plant and fungi taxa that occur on the 

Colville National Forest and vicinity. Of those, 41 have been identified as Region 6 

sensitive species. The moonwort species, Botrychium lineare, occurs here at the only 

site in Washington State; the moonwort genus thrives on the Colville National Forest. In 

addition, there are two wildflower viewing sites documented and described for public 

recreation opportunities. The wide range of geological and soil types, precipitation, and 

elevations spanning from warm valley bottoms to cold mountain peaks supports a 

diverse assortment of plant communities.

Paper copies of the Plan, as well as detailed assessments, evaluations, reports, and documents 

associated with the Plan, are maintained on site at the Colville National Forest Supervisor’s 

Office in Colville, Washington. These documents are also available to view and download on the 

land management plan development 

website: http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/colville/landmanagement/planning
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

27

Chapter 2

FORESTWIDE DIRECTION – INTRODUCTION

Desired conditions: A project or activity must be consistent with desired conditions as 

described in appendix A. 

Forestwide desired conditions (chapter 2) apply only to Colville National Forest System lands 

and are measured at a forestwide scale unless otherwise stated. 

Management area desired conditions (chapter 3) are specific to each management area. 

Forestwide desired conditions apply to these areas. Some management direction, such as 

Riparian Management Areas, overlays parts of other management areas. The applicability of 

plan direction is guided by the principle that, where management direction overlaps, and 

depending on site-specific conditions and the activity or use, the most restrictive plan direction 

applies. Using the most restrictive plan direction provides guidance and protection for resourcebased or socially sensitive functions provided by National Forest System lands. 

Objectives: A project or activity must be consistent with objectives as described in the 

Consistency with Plan Components Appendix (appendix A of this Plan). Objectives do not imply 

a program of work, a list of projects, or a minimum or maximum amount to be accomplished. 

Accomplishing the objectives depends on availability of resources, including budget, to 

complete the work. The amounts shown reflect current budget trends and available resources 

on the Colville National Forest. Objectives provide information on outcomes and are not 

mandatory tasks. The national forest engages in tasks beyond those shown in the Plan that also 

move the Forest toward desired conditions. 

Management activities used to accomplish objectives are not included in the plan components, 

as a variety of tools or techniques may be used by staff of the Colville National Forest and serve 

to accomplish the objective. A description of tools and techniques likely to be used is found in 

Appendix B. Proposed and Possible Management Actions. Standards and guidelines found in 

chapters 2 and 3 of this Plan constrain the range of possible management actions available for 

use. 

Standards and guidelines: Apply to project or activity design and implementation. They are 

sideboards for projects and activities to help achieve the desired conditions and objectives. 

Forestwide standards and guidelines apply in all management areas, unless specifically 

identified as not applicable. Some management areas, such as Riparian Management Areas, 

overlap or overlay other management areas. 

Combinations of activities or uses are dependent on site-specific conditions, making it 

unreasonable to include all combinations and the applicable plan direction within the forest 

plan. Therefore, applicability of plan direction is guided by the principle that where 

management areas overlap, the most restrictive plan direction applies, depending on sitespecific conditions and the activity or use. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

28

FORESTWIDE DIRECTION – LANDSCAPE FEATURES AND 

DYNAMICS

This section contains desired conditions for the following resources: 

Air, soil, vegetation, water resources, and wildlife habitats.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

29

AIR (AIR)

The Forest Service is responsible for protecting air resources on national forests. This 

includes both protecting national forests from adverse impacts caused by off-forest 

sources, as well as protecting the national forest and surrounding areas from the adverse 

effects of air pollution originating on Forest Service land. Smoke from both wildfires and 

prescribed burns are two of the largest sources of emissions of air pollutants on the forest. 

When conducting prescribed burns on national forests, the Forest Service will comply with 

the Washington State Department of Natural Resources Smoke Management Plan. 

The most stringent areas for air quality are the Class 1 areas. These are special areas of 

natural wonder and scenic beauty, such as national parks and wilderness areas, where air 

quality should be given special protection. These areas are subject to maximum limits on air 

quality degradation called air quality increments. The Colville National Forest has no Class I 

wilderness areas. 

An illustration of Class I desired conditions can be seen on the following USDA Forest 

Service air quality image web site: http://www.fsvisimages.com/ 

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards can be found at https://www.epa.gov/criteriaair-pollutants/naaqs-table. 

Desired Condition

FW-DC-AIR-01. Air Quality Protection 

Air quality on National Forest System lands is protected, maintained and/or improved at the 

Forest scale over the life of the Plan. Management activities contribute to conditions that meet 

or exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards on the Forest. 

Forest visitors and/or residents living adjacent to the national forest experience clean air and 

clear views as would occur under natural conditions. They are aware of short-term impacts to 

air quality due to wildland fires and prescribed burns. 

Standard

FW-STD-AIR-01. Air Quality 

Activities comply with the national standards set forth in the Clean Air Act, and any State and 

local requirements for air pollution control. Planned ignitions shall follow all Washington State 

smoke regulations to reduce the potential impacts of smoke.

SOIL (SOIL)

Soils are an integral part of ecosystems, their function, and the above and below ground 

interaction of organisms. These functions all contribute to ecological resilience. Soil 

conservation and protection is needed to effectively maintain soil quality and productivity 

and improve or protect watershed conditions. Generally, soil productivity standards and 

guidelines are not applied to administrative sites or dedicated use areas (such as roads, 

recreation sites).
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

30

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-SOIL-01. Soil Productivity and Function 

Soil productivity and function contributes to the long-term resilience of ecosystems. 

Management activities occur on soils with the inherent capability to support those activities.

Table 1. Soil ecological functions with attributes and indicators for long-term soil productivity

Soil function Selected 

attributes

Soil quality 

indicator

Desired condition

Biological Roots Root growth 

and 

distribution

Root growth, both vertically and laterally, is 

not impeded by land management actions. 

Root distribution and depth is at expected 

levels for vegetation type and successional 

stage.

Plant Community 

Potential and 

Thermodynamics

Plant 

Community 

Composition

The soil is capable of supporting a 

distribution of desirable plant species by 

vegetative layer (i.e., trees, shrubs, 

herbaceous) as identified in the potential 

plant community.

Canopy Cover 

and Soil Cover

Soil temperature and moisture is maintained 

in conditions to support desired floral and 

faunal communities. 

Hydrologic Infiltration Surface 

Structure

Surface structure is as expected for the site 

(e.g., granular, subangular blocky, single 

grain).

Water

Absorption and 

Storage

Available 

Water

Site water is as expected for the soil type or 

has been improved.

Volcanic Ash 

Cap

Soil ash cap is intact and as expected for the 

site.

Water 

Transmission 

Subsurface 

Flow 

Connectivity 

Maintain subsurface flow connectivity (i.e.,

subsurface flow is not obstructed or 

intercepted).

Nutrient 

Cycling

Organic Matter 

Composition

Surface 

Organic 

Matter

The amount of organic material on top of 

the mineral soil is maintained at levels to 

sustain soil microorganisms and provide for 

nutrient cycling. The size, amount, and 

distribution of organic matter maintained on 

the mineral soil on a long term basis is 

consistent with the amounts that occur 

given the local ecological type, climate, and 

normal wildland fire return interval for the 

area.

Fine Woody 

Material

Fine woody material is on site in various 

stages of decay in amounts appropriate for 

plant association group. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

31

Soil function Selected 

attributes

Soil quality 

indicator

Desired condition

Nutrient 

Cycling 

(continued)

Coarse Woody 

Material

See FW-DC-VEG-04. Snags and coarse woody 

debris

Nutrient 

Availability

Surface (A) 

horizon or 

mollic layer

The amount of organic matter within the 

mineral soil, indicated by the color and 

thickness of the upper soil horizon, is within 

the normal range of characteristics for the 

site, and is distributed normally across the 

area. 5

Nutrient 

Deficiency

Soil nutrients are maintained at levels to 

support desired vegetation.

Carbon Carbon Storage 

Potential

The soil’s ability to store carbon is not 

reduced from current levels.

Support and 

Stability

Stability Surface 

erosion (wind, 

rill, or sheet)

Erosion is occurring at natural levels or not 

evident and an adequate level of soil cover is 

maintained to prevent accelerated erosion.

Support Site support 

(mass erosion, 

landslide 

prone)

Site stability potential is unchanged or 

stability has been improved. Soil stability 

varies from minor soil creep to active land 

flows dependent on soil characteristics, soil 

moisture, and triggers. Management 

activities avoid or do not accelerate 

underlying soil movement rates.

Deposition Soil 

deposition

Deposition is at natural levels and recent 

depositional material is vegetated.

Filtering and 

Buffering

Filtering Soil 

contamination

The soil acts as a filter and buffer to protect 

the quality of water, air, and other resources 

by immobilizing, degrading or detoxifying 

chemical compounds or excess nutrients.

FW-DC-SOIL-02. Detrimental Soil Conditions 

Surface erosion rates are within the natural range of variation for a given biophysical setting. 

There is no degradation of aquatic habitat and water quality from surface erosion rates 

resulting from permitted uses and management actions. Ecological and hydrologic functions are 

not impaired by soil compaction.

FW-DC-SOIL-03. Soil Stability 

Soil stability varies from minor soil creep to active land flows dependent on soil characteristics, 

soil moisture, and triggers. Management activities do not accelerate underlying soil movement 

rates. 

 

5 Soil characteristics are defined by Natural Resources Conservation Service SSUGRO (Soil Survey Geographic 

Database) soil data layer
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

32

Objective

FW-OBJ-SOIL-01. Soil Productivity and Function 

Within 5 years of plan implementation, annually stabilize, rehabilitate, or restore natural 

processes that support soil productivity and function on 20 to 30 acres.

Standard

FW-STD-SOIL-01. Effective Ground Cover 

Minimum effective ground cover following any soil-disturbing management activity should be 

as shown in the following table.

Table 2. Minimum effective ground cover following any soil-disturbing activity 

Minimum percent effective ground cover

Erosion hazard class 1st year 2nd year

Low (very slight-slight) 20-30 30-40

Medium (moderate) 30-45 40-60

High (severe) 45-60 60-75

Very High (very severe) 60-75 75-90

(Source for erosion hazard classes: Forest Service Manual 2520)

Guidelines

FW-GDL-SOIL-01. Total Soil Resource Commitment

The Total Soil Resource Commitment is no more than 5 percent of the Forest. The soil stability 

and support function is maintained within the Total Soil Resource Commitment.

Total Soil Resource Commitment is the conversion of a productive site to an essentially nonproductive site (0 to 40 percent of natural productivity) for a period of more than 50 years. 

Examples include system roads, administrative sites, developed campgrounds, rock quarries, 

mine sites, and livestock watering facilities6

. 

FW-GDL-SOIL-02. Native Topsoil 

Native topsoil should be used where practical to meet restoration project objectives.

 

6 Existing condition as of December 2016 is that less than 2 percent of lands managed by the Colville National Forest 

is dedicated to uses other than soil/vegetation productivity. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

33

VEGETATION (VEG)

CONIFER SYSTEMS

Vegetation in the planning area is classified into forest vegetation types that are 

aggregations of plant association groups. Plant association groups are made up of plant 

associations defined in the plant association guide developed for the Colville National 

Forest. The five vegetation types are listed in table 3. 

Table 3. Forest vegetation types for the Colville National Forest

Forest vegetation type

Douglas-fir dry

Northern Rocky Mountain mixed conifer

Western hemlock / Western red cedar

Subalpine fir / Lodgepole pine

Spruce / Subalpine fir

Tree structure is classified into five general groups based on diameter and canopy cover as 

shown in table 4. The diameter is based on the quadratic mean diameter in inches of trees 

whose heights are in the top 25 percent of all tree heights in the stand. This generally 

means that the diameters of the larger trees in a stand are used to define the structure 

class. 

Table 4. Forest structure classes

Structure Definition

Early Trees less than 10 inches dbh or canopy cover less than 10 percent

Mid Open Trees 10 to less than 20 inches dbh, canopy cover 10 percent up to 40 percent

Mid Closed Trees 10 to less than 20 inches dbh, canopy cover 40 percent or greater

Late Open Trees 20 inches or greater dbh, canopy cover 10 percent up to 40 percent

Late Closed Trees 20 inches or greater dbh, canopy cover 40 percent or greater

FEDERALLY THREATENED, ENDANGERED AND PROPOSED SPECIES (TES), AND REGIONALLY 

SENSITIVE AND STRATEGIC PLANT SPECIES

Federally threatened, endangered, proposed and sensitive plant species in the planning 

area are those formally listed by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service under the Federal 

Endangered Species Act. The R6 Regional Forester Special Status Species List includes 

federally threatened, endangered and proposed threatened; and regionally sensitive and 

strategic plant species. Although no federally listed plant species are currently known from 

the Colville National Forest, 41 regionally sensitive plant species do occur on the Forest. 

Locations for many TES plant species include unique habitats that may be rare or represent 

a small portion of a particular landscape. Meadows, wetlands (marsh, bog, fen, carr, 

swamp, spring, and seep), riparian areas, alpine fellfields, rock outcrops, cliffs, or talus are 

suitable TES plant habitat. Appendix C provides a list of the sensitive plant species discussed 

in this plan.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

34

NON-FORESTED AND DECIDUOUS FOREST SYSTEMS

The ecological character and geographic extent of non-forest communities, deciduous 

forests, and riparian/wetland vegetation in the planning area and northeastern Washington 

are as described by Clausnitzer et al. (2006) and literature cited there. Nine vegetation 

groups are described based upon broad physiognomic and environmental factors related to 

dominant vegetation lifeform and elevational gradients. This classification served as a 

framework for vegetation analyses that supported forest plan revision on the Colville 

National Forest. 

VEGETATION WITHIN THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI)

Wildland-urban interface (WUI) in the planning area is defined as “the line, area, or zone 

where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped 

wildland or vegetative fuels” (NWCC 2012).7 See glossary for specific definition. 

The prioritization of fuels treatments within WUI will follow the National Fire Plan, the 

Healthy Forests Restoration Act-PL108-148, and individual community wildfire protection 

plans. Individual fuels reduction projects and their relationships to WUI are defined on a 

project basis.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-VEG-01. Plant Species Composition 

Native species and native plant communities are the desired dominant vegetation. National 

Forest System lands contribute to the diversity, species composition, and structural diversity of 

native upland plant communities. The full range of potential natural vegetation is maintained on 

the Forest where it supports plant and animal diversity including pollinators and other 

invertebrates, and robust ecological function.

FW-DC-VEG-02. Insects and Diseases 

Native insects, diseases, fungi, bacteria, and viruses engage in their natural (endemic) role in 

contributing to ecosystem processes such as pollination, food webs, decay and nutrient cycling, 

providing habitats, and functioning as natural control agents. Landscapes provide a patchwork 

of varied structural, compositional, and successional stages that ensure the continuation of 

these processes.

FW-DC-VEG-03. Forest Structure

Forest structural classes are resilient and compatible with maintaining characteristic 

disturbance processes such as wildland fire, insects, and diseases. Habitat conditions for 

associated species are present. Structure contributes to scenic quality and contributes to 

desired landscape character, particularly along scenic byways and highways. 

Forest openings would be commensurate with historical conditions for size and distribution to 

reflect natural disturbance processes. The historical range of variability for forest structure is 

the desired condition. Historical range of variability will be evaluated on National Forest System 

lands at the appropriate scale, given vegetation type and natural disturbance history. Tables 5

and table 6 contain desired conditions for each vegetation type.

 

7 National Wildfire Coordinating Group. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

35

Table 5. Desired condition for forest structure (HRV)* 

Early 

% 

Mid open 

% 

Mid closed 

% 

Late open 

% 

Late closed 

% 

Douglas-fir dry 6−16 2−8 4−13 38−78 1−32

Northern Rocky Mountain mixed 

conifer

9−25 1−3 18−30 4−6 44−60

Western hemlock / Western red

cedar

4−24 0 7−27 0 55−83

Subalpine fir / Lodgepole pine 45−65 0 33−53 0 3 

Spruce / Subalpine fir 14−46 0 13−41 0 29−57

* ST-Sim state and transition model software was used to provide values for the historical range of variability (HRV)

Table 6. Expected patch size by forest vegetation type 

Vegetation type Patch size Opening size Description

Douglas-fir dry Highly variable Primarily small (less than 5 

acres) with occasional openings 

greater than 10 acres in very 

limited circumstances. 

Openings less than 40 acres in 

nearly all cases. 

Larger patches of opencanopied stands would have 

included tree clumps and 

openings at a scale finer than 

that of an individual stand. 

Northern Rocky 

Mountain Mixed

Conifer

Variable (5 to 

1,000 acres)

Openings generally less than 

40 acres in size, with the 

majority of patches being less 

than 5 acres in size. 

Mixed severity fire generates 

variable patches and openings, 

though most openings in this 

type would have historically 

been relatively small. 

Western red

cedar / Western 

hemlock

Medium to large 

(constrained 

primarily by 

spatial 

arrangement) 

Generally commensurate with 

patch sizes. 

The primary limiting factor on 

patch and opening size for this 

type is the spatial arrangement 

of the vegetation type itself. 

Because it does not generally 

occur in large contiguous areas 

of the Colville, smaller patches 

and openings would occur here 

than typical for this vegetation 

type. 

Subalpine fir / 

Lodgepole pine

Variable, 

ranging up to 

1,000s of acres

Highly variable, with many 

small-medium patches (less 

than 40 acres) and a few larger 

patches up to 1,000 acres or 

more in size.

Predominantly smaller patches 

would have been interspersed 

with few, larger patches. The 

larger patches were historically 

created during extreme fire 

weather events much as they 

are today. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

36

Vegetation type Patch size Opening size Description

Spruce / 

Subalpine fir

Generally less 

than 500 acres, 

with the majority 

of patches less 

than 40 acres

Generally commensurate with 

patch sizes.

Both patch and opening size is 

primarily limited by spatial 

arrangement on the Colville 

National Forest. As a result, 

smaller patches and openings 

would occur here than is typical 

for this vegetation type. 

FW-DC-VEG-04. Snags and Coarse Woody Debris

Snags and down wood occur in sizes, amounts, and distributions to provide important wildlife 

habitat and contribute to ecosystem processes and services. This desired condition for snag 

and down wood levels applies forestwide within forested habitat types with the exception of 

the Administrative and Recreation Sites Management Areas. The desired conditions for snags 

and down wood levels is evaluated on National Forest system lands at the watershed scale (see 

tables 7 and 8).

Table 7. Desired proportion of the forest vegetation types containing the indicated range of snags 

per acre for snags 8 to 15 inches diameter at breast height (dbh) in subalpine fir/lodgepole pine or 

10 to 20 inches dbh and amount of CWD for other forest vegetation types

Forest 

vegetation type

Snags per 

acre

Proportion of forest 

vegetation type

Down wood 

(tons per acre) Log size

Douglas-fir Dry

<2

2-4 

5-8 

>8

<30% Very low to none

20-30% Low

20-30% Moderate

8-15% High to very high

3-7 

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft.

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Northern Rocky 

Mountains 

Mixed Conifer

<2

2-6 

7-10

>10

<30% Very low to none

20-40% Low

20-30% Moderate

10-20% High to very high

5-10

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft. 

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Western 

Hemlock/

Western

Red cedar 

<2

2-8 

9-15

>15

<30% Very low to none

20-30% Low

25-35% Moderate

5-20% High to very high

25-40

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft. 

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Subalpine fir/

Lodgepole

<2

2-8 

9-14

>14

<20 Very low to none

10-30% Low

30-40% Moderate

>15-30% High to very high

16-40

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft.

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Spruce/

Subalpine fir

<2

3-9 

10-16

>16

<20% Very low to none

10-30% Low

25-45% Moderate

10-30% High to very high

5-12

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft.

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

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Table 8. Desired proportion of the forest vegetation types containing the indicated range of snags

per acre for snags larger than 15 inches dbh in subalpine fir/lodgepole pine or larger than 20 inches

dbh and amount of CWD for other forest vegetation types

Forest

vegetation

type

Snags

per 

acre

Proportion of forest 

vegetation type

Down wood 

(tons per acre) Log size

Douglas-fir 

Dry

<1

1-2 

3-4 

>4

<50% Very low to none

20-30% Low

10-20% Moderate

5-15% High to very high

3-7 

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft. 

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Northern 

Rocky 

Mountain 

Mixed Conifer

<1

1-4 

5-9 

>9

<40% Very low to none

20-30% Low

10-20% Moderate

2-8% High to very high

5-10

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft. 

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Western

Hemlock/

Western

Red cedar

<1

1-3 

4-6 

>6

<30% Very low to none

20-30% Low

20-30% Moderate

5-15% High to very high

25-40

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft. 

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Subalpine fir/

Lodgepole

<1

1-3 

4-6 

>6

60-80% Very low to 

none

5-15% Low

5-10% Moderate

<5% High to very high

16-40

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft.

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

Spruce/

Subalpine fir

<1

1-3 

4-6 

>6

<30% Very low to none

25-35% Low

20-30% Moderate

5-15% High to very high

5-12

Minimum

10 in. large end x 16 ft.

Preferred

16 in. large end x 33 ft. or 

larger

(CWD = coarse woody debris 3-inch diameter or greater)

(Sources: Reynolds et al. 2013, Graham et al. 1994, Harvey et al. 1987, Kovalchik and Clausnitzer 2004, Mellen-McLean 

et al. 2012, Green et al. 1992, USDA-FS-R6 1993)

FW-DC-VEG-05. Biological Legacies

Large trees, snags, and down wood are represented across the landscape and large tree habitat 

is maintained to support wildlife, aquatic and soil resources and support recovery processes in 

the post disturbance ecosystem. 

Examples of biological legacy categories are provided in table 9. Not all components will be 

present within an individual site-specific project area.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

38

Table 9. Biological legacy categories and examples

Biological legacy category Examples

Organisms Sexually mature and intact live trees

Tree reproduction (seeding and sapling banks)

Vegetatively reproducing parts (e.g., roots)

Seed banks

Shrub, herb, bryophyte species

Mature and immature animals and microbes

Organic matter Fine litter

Particulate material

Organically derived structures Downed trees and other coarse woody debris

Root wads and pits from uprooted trees

Hollow live trees

Trees with mistletoe brooms or other features important for 

wildlife habitat

Organically derived patterns Soil chemical, physical, microbial properties

Forest understory composition and distribution

(Franklin et al. 2007)

FW-DC-VEG-06. Native Plant Materials 

Locally collected native plant materials are incorporated into project planning and 

implementation when restoration, rehabilitation, and revegetation goals support ecosystem 

integrity and resilience. Locally adapted plant material inventories are maintained to provide for 

revegetation project needs.

FW-DC-VEG-07. Native Plant Seeds and Other Genetic Material 

Seeds and genetic material from native vascular and non-vascular plants are available for the 

purposes of genetic or trait testing, climate change provenance trials, species identification, 

restoration, or rehabilitation activities. Seeds and other genetic materials are stored in both 

secure off-site facilities and on-site in existing seed orchards, select trees, evaluation 

plantations, and other established genetic resource test sites.

FW-DC-VEG-08. Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species − Special and 

Unique Habitats 

Special and unique habitats support threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant species 

populations and contribute to high quality suitable habitat for these species. Degraded or 

diminished special and unique habitats are restored within their natural range of variation.

FW-DC-VEG-09. Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species − ManagementRelated Disturbance

Ecological conditions and processes that sustain the habitats currently or potentially occupied 

by threatened, endangered, or sensitive plant species are retained or restored. The geographic 

distributions of sensitive plant species in the Forest Plan area are maintained. This includes 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

39

sufficient seed or vegetative reproduction to maintain existing plant populations and associated 

native plant community biodiversity. Soil disturbance is managed to avoid degradation of 

threatened, endangered and sensitive plant species and their habitat as well as plant 

community composition, structure, and productivity. 

FW-DC-VEG-10. Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species − Habitat and 

Population Trends 

Population trends, amount of occupied habitat, and amount of unoccupied suitable habitat are 

stable or increasing for threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant species.

FW-DC-VEG-11. Fuels Treatments in Wildland-urban Interface 

Fuel treatments continue to reduce surface, ladder, and crown fuels that lower the potential for 

high-severity wildfires in wildland-urban interface areas, providing protection for communities 

and diversity within the stands. Generally, treated areas consist of open understories with 

overstory trees (conifers and hardwoods) populated by predominately fire resistant species, 

with scattered individual or small patches of shrubs and small trees in the understory, 

maintaining some cover in important wildlife corridors. Surface, ladder, and crown fuels have 

been treated and maintained to allow low-intensity surface wildland fires (flame lengths of 

4 feet or less). Vegetation has been modified (interrupted) to improve community protection 

and enhance public and firefighter safety.

Crown base heights (height from the forest floor to the bottom most branches of the live tree 

crown) are managed to avoid crown fires. Crown cover of forest stands allow for adequate 

spacing between crowns to reduce crown fire potential while minimizing effects on surface 

wind speeds and drying of surface fuels. 

FW-DC-VEG-12. Snags and Coarse Woody Debris in Wildland-urban Interface

Snag levels would follow desired conditions for snags within the specific vegetation type unless 

there are site-specific safety concerns (for example, within 1.5 to 2 tree lengths of structures). 

Coarse woody debris levels would generally be at the lower end of desired conditions for the 

specific vegetation type to reduce fuel load and wildfire risk.

FW-DC-VEG-13. Treatment Priorities in Wildland-urban Interface

Fuel treatments are emphasized in wildland-urban interface and areas that exhibit the potential 

for high-severity fire behavior that could impact private or other agency lands. 

FW-DC-VEG-14. Maintenance in Wildland-urban Interface 

A pattern of treatments that are effective in modifying fire behavior, as identified in individual 

community wildfire protection plans, are established and maintained. 

Objectives

FW-OBJ-VEG-01. Restoration 

Initiate active management activities on 6,000 to 12,000 acres per year over the next 15 years 

to move structure toward desired conditions at landscape scales to move the Forest toward 

desired vegetative conditions and have landscapes dominated by Fire Regime Condition Class I, 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

40

with the remainder in Fire Regime Condition Class II trending toward Fire Regime Condition 

Class I.8

FW-OBJ-VEG-02. Fuels Treatments

Initiate fuel reduction activities on 5,000 acres per year over the next 15 years to reduce 

hazardous fuel accumulations in both activity and natural fuels to move toward desired 

vegetative conditions and have landscapes dominated by Fire Regime Condition Class I.

FW-OBJ-VEG-03. Non-Forest Habitats for Sensitive and Strategic Species

Five to 10 acres of special and unique habitats are treated annually over the 15-year life of the 

Plan. 

Standards 

FW-STD-VEG-01. Wildland Fire − Protection of Natural Resources and Property 

Protect human life as the single, overriding priority. Set priorities among protecting human 

communities and community infrastructure, other property and improvements, and natural and 

cultural resources based on the values to be protected, human health and safety, and the costs 

of protection. Once people have been committed to an incident, the highest value to be 

protected is human resources. After protection of human life, all other protection decisions are 

to be made based on values to be protected, human health and safety, and the costs of 

protection. 

FW-STD-VEG-02. Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species − Surveys 

Surveys for threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant species shall be conducted in suitable 

habitat on National Forest System lands before habitat-disturbing activities to identify and 

protect vulnerable populations. All existing sites are identified and managed to support rare 

species recovery on National Forest System lands. Suitable habitat shall be managed to enhance 

or maintain rare species occurrences on the Forest.

FW-STD-VEG-03. Timber Production

Regulated timber harvest activities shall occur only on those lands classified as suitable for 

timber production (see suitability tables in chapter 3). Timber harvest on lands not suitable for 

timber production shall occur only to meet multiple-use purposes other than timber 

production.

FW-STD-VEG-04. Even-Aged Harvest Openings

If individual harvest openings created by even-aged silvicultural practices are proposed that 

would exceed 40 acres, then NFMA requirements regarding public notification and approval 

shall be followed. These opening size limits shall not apply to the size of areas harvested as a 

result of natural catastrophic conditions such as fire, insect and disease attack, or windstorm.

FW-STD-VEG-05. Restocking

Ensure that timber will be harvested from National Forest System lands only where there is 

assurance that such lands can be adequately restocked within 5 years after harvest. Restocking 

 

8 Condition class in this context includes more than just forest structure and density, rather, it also includes 

ecological legacy considerations shown in Table 9 such as species composition, insect and disease pathogen 

conditions, invasive species impacts, and other understory and overstory influences. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

41

level is prescribed in a site-specific silviculture prescription for a project treatment unit and is 

determined to be adequate depending on the objectives and desired conditions for the Plan 

area.

FW-STD-VEG-06. Even-aged Management

Even-aged stands shall generally have reached or surpassed culmination of mean annual 

increment prior to regeneration harvest. This shall not preclude the use of sound silvicultural 

practices, such as thinning or other stand improvement measures, or salvage or sanitation 

harvesting of timber stands that are substantially damaged by fire, windthrow or other 

catastrophe, or that are in imminent danger from insect or disease attack.

FW-STD-VEG-07. Even-aged Management

Ensure that clearcutting, seed tree cutting, shelterwood cutting, and other cuts designed to 

regenerate an even-aged stand of timber will be used as a cutting method on National Forest 

System lands only where for clearcutting, it is determined to be the optimum method, and for 

other such cuts it is determined to be appropriate to meet the objectives and requirements of 

the Forest Plan.

FW-STD-VEG-08. Harvest Systems

The harvesting system to be used shall not be selected primarily because it will give the greatest 

dollar return or the greatest unit output of timber.

FW-STD-VEG-09. Timber Harvest

Ensure that timber will be harvested from National Forest System lands only where soil, slope, 

or other watershed conditions will not be irreversibly damaged and where protection is 

provided for streams, stream-banks, shorelines, lakes, wetlands, and other bodies of water from 

detrimental changes in water temperature, blockage of water courses, and deposits of 

sediment, where harvests are likely to seriously and adversely affect water conditions or fish 

habitat.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-VEG-01. Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species – Disturbance 

in Occupied Habitat 

Soil and habitat disturbance should be managed within occupied habitat and suitable whitebark 

pine habitat to the extent practicable to maintain or enhance threatened, endangered, and 

sensitive plant populations and avoid invasive plant species establishment or spread. 

Consequently, occupied habitat should not be used for timber harvest, fuel breaks or 

developments associated with wildfire suppression, delivery of fire retardant or petroleum 

products, placement of stock-handling facilities, recreation, or special use developments. A 

100-foot buffer between the occupied habitat and these management activities should be 

maintained, unless habitat restoration activities are designed to benefit threatened, 

endangered, and sensitive plant species. 

Trees in occupied habitat that are felled for safety reasons should be retained on site as needed 

to maintain, protect, or enhance habitat unless such action is detrimental to the threatened, 

endangered, and sensitive species population or habitat and represents a threat through 

physical impacts or potential uncharacteristic wildfire.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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42

All new road and trail construction should be designed to avoid the occupied habitat of 

threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant species (minimum 100-foot buffer).

Use of prescribed fire should be avoided in occupied habitat except in areas occupied by firedependent or fire-tolerant species. Slash piles and other fuels should be managed to avoid the

occupied habitat of threatened, endangered, and sensitive species (minimum 100-foot buffer).

Grazing management (including timing, intensity, duration, frequency of use, and type and class 

of livestock) should allow for completion of threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant species 

annual life cycle and development and dispersal of reproductive materials like seed and spores. 

Salting or water developments should not be authorized or allowed such that they reduce 

threatened, endangered, or sensitive plant populations.

Mining operations shall be conducted to minimize adverse environmental impacts on national 

forest surface resources. Operations approved in a Plan of Operations shall avoid threatened, 

endangered, and sensitive plant species and their habitat to the extent practicable. 

FW-GDL-VEG-02. Plant Material Collection for Conservation Purposes

Commercial or non-commercial permits or authorizations should generally be issued for 

collection of seed or plant materials when project objectives are consistent with rare species 

conservation practices (these practices could include seed storage in recognized seed banks, or 

collection of plant material for restoration and rehabilitation purposes, or scientific research 

that benefits species viability). 

FW-GDL-VEG-03. Large Tree Management

Management activities should retain and generally emphasize recruitment of individual large

trees (larger than 20 inches diameter at breast height) across the landscape. Exceptions where 

individual large trees may be removed or destroyed include the following: 

• Trees need to be removed for public health or safety (such as, but not limited to, 

danger/hazard trees along roads or in developed or administrative sites). 

• Trees need to be removed to facilitate management of emergency situations such as 

wildfire response. 

The following exemptions apply only to situations where removal of smaller trees alone cannot 

achieve the stated desired conditions:

• Trees need to be removed to meet, promote, or maintain desired conditions for structural 

stages (see FW-DC-VEG-03. Forest Structure). 

• Trees need to be removed to control or limit the spread of insect infestation or disease. 

• Trees need to be removed where strategically critical to reinforce, facilitate, or improve 

effectiveness of fuel reduction in wildland-urban interfaces. 

• Trees need to be removed to promote special plant habitats (such as, but not limited to, 

aspen, cottonwood, whitebark pine). 

FW-GDL-VEG-04. Planned and Unplanned Ignitions

Use of planned and management of unplanned ignitions may be authorized. Objectives and 

strategies for all unplanned ignitions shall be identified at the time of the fire. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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43

FW-GDL-VEG-05. Prohibition on Timber Cutting, Sale, or Removal in Inventoried 

Roadless Areas

Timber may not be cut, sold, or removed in inventoried roadless areas of the National Forest 

System, except as provided in paragraph (b) of 36 CFR 294.13 (2001 Roadless Area 

Conservation Rule). Notwithstanding this prohibition, timber may be cut, sold, or removed in 

inventoried roadless areas if the Responsible Official determines that one of the following

circumstances exists (36 CFR 294.13(b)). The cutting, sale, or removal of timber in these areas is

expected to be infrequent.

(1) The cutting, sale, or removal of generally small diameter timber is needed for one of 

the following purposes and will maintain or improve one or more of the roadless area

characteristics as defined in 36 CFR 294.11.

(i) To improve threatened, endangered, proposed, or sensitive species habitat; 

or

(ii) To maintain or restore the characteristics of ecosystem composition and 

structure, such as to reduce the risk of uncharacteristic wildfire effects, within 

the range of variability that would be expected to occur under natural 

disturbance regimes of the current climatic period;

(2) The cutting, sale, or removal of timber is incidental to the implementation of a 

management activity not otherwise prohibited by this subpart;

(3) The cutting, sale, or removal of timber is needed and appropriate for personal or 

administrative use, as provided for in 36 CFR 223; or

(4) Roadless characteristics have been substantially altered in a portion of an

inventoried roadless area due to the construction of a classified road and subsequent 

timber harvest. Both the road construction and subsequent timber harvest must have 

occurred after the area was designated an inventoried roadless area and prior to 

January 12, 2001. Timber may be cut, sold, or removed only in the substantially altered 

portion of the inventoried roadless area.

See FEIS Appendix F for maps of inventoried roadless areas. 

WATER RESOURCES (WR)

This section includes background information and plan components for forestwide aquatic 

and riparian systems, and management direction specific to source water protection areas, 

key watersheds, and focus and priority watersheds. Plan components throughout this 

section are applied at different watershed scales depending on the resource, and are 

identified in each plan component, where applicable. Generally, Forest planning is at the 

subbasin scale. The Colville National Forest lies within five subbasins – Upper Columbia, 

Sanpoil, Pend Oreille, Kettle, and Colville. Project planning is at the smaller watershed or 

subwatershed scale. Figure 4 illustrates the hierarchy of different watershed scales and 

terminology used throughout this document.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

44

Figure 4. Illustration of watershed hierarchy from the basin to subwatershed scale 

AQUATIC AND RIPARIAN SYSTEMS

Aquatic and riparian direction focuses on maintenance and restoration of the ecological 

processes responsible for creating and sustaining aquatic and riparian ecosystems across 

National Forest System lands. Aquatic and riparian plan direction is expected to contribute 

to networks of properly functioning watersheds, recovery of Endangered Species Act (ESA) 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

45

listed fish, healthy populations of native fish, and other aquatic and riparian-dependent 

organisms, and provide a basis for meeting water quality standards. 

FISH AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES

The Forest Plan focuses on three groups of fish and aquatic invertebrates: threatened, 

endangered, and proposed (TEP); surrogate species (SS); and focal species (FS). These 

groups are further described in appendix C. 

Threatened and endangered species are those formally listed under the Federal 

Endangered Species Act of 1973. Surrogate species represent other species that share 

similar habitat and risk factors and include Region 6 sensitive species, state-listed species, 

or other species for which the published literature has identified concerns for their viability. 

Focal species are a subset of the surrogate species that will be used for monitoring. 

Threatened and Endangered Species

Plan direction is consistent with existing recovery plans for federally listed species and 

applies in those areas identified by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service as recovery areas 

for each listed species. Bull trout (threatened) is the only listed fish species that occurs 

on the Forest. Critical habitat for bull trout has been officially designated on a portion 

of the Colville National Forest. While the Forest manages for threatened and 

endangered species within recovery zones and designated critical habitat, the listed 

species may also occur on the Forest but outside of the recovery zones. In those 

instances, the Forest will still consider effects to the listed species and designated 

critical habitat in accordance with the Endangered Species Act and in consultation with 

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service.

Bull trout and Critical Habitat: Spawning population numbers on the Forest are 

extremely low, and it is currently unknown if any spawning populations present. The 

Forest includes designated Critical Habitat within the Pend Oreille River subbasin

(see https://www.fws.gov/pacific/bulltrout/Habitat.cfm for map of bull trout critical 

habitat). 

Surrogate and Focal Species

Selected surrogate species represent specific habitats and risk factors across the 

planning area (see appendix C). The viability of surrogate species is enhanced by 

providing favorable habitats conditions (appropriate mix of cover types and structure 

stages) and reducing risk factors. Focal species were selected to monitor the potential 

effects of major forest management activities. These major activities include: grazing, 

forest vegetation restoration (such as thinning and prescribed fire), and post-fire 

salvage harvest. Interior redband trout and westslope cutthroat trout were both 

surrogate and focal species for the Colville National Forest.

Interior redband trout: Redband trout are distributed within the Kettle, Sanpoil, Upper 

Columbia, and Colville subbasins. The current distribution of redband trout has been 

significantly reduced from the historic distribution. Lost or degraded habitat within the 

subbasins and the introduction of non-native fish have had negative impacts on 

redband trout populations. 

Westslope cutthroat trout: Westslope cutthroat trout are the native cutthroat trout 

within the Colville National Forest. This species is presently found in all five subbasins 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

46

on the Forest; however, distribution of this species is extremely limited, and with the 

exception of annually stocked lowland lakes, the species is generally found in 

headwater streams. In addition to degraded habitat from human activities, the 

introduction of non-native salmonids has had a negative impact on the species’ status. 

WATER QUALITY

All projects on NFS lands implemented in a manner consistent with meeting State surface 

water quality standards, and the programs established under the Clean Water Act. This 

includes moving toward meeting water quality improvement targets established in the 

Colville National Forest Total Maximum Daily Load and Water Quality Implementation Plan 

for temperature and fecal coliform. Preservation and improvement of water quality is 

achieved through implementation of best management practices and Forest Plan 

components, including desired conditions, objectives, standards, and guidelines, and active 

restoration. 

MUNICIPAL SUPPLY WATERSHEDS AND SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREAS

A 1996 amendment to the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act requires identification of both 

surface and groundwater source water protection areas upstream of drinking water 

systems that serve more than 25 individuals. Source water protection areas on the Forest 

are delineated by the Washington Department of Health Office of Drinking Water. 

Source water is untreated drinking water from streams, rivers, lakes, springs, and aquifers 

that provides public drinking water. The goal of source water protection is to provide longterm safe, reliable drinking water. Source water protection areas are those that are 

delineated and mapped by the State of Washington for each federally regulated public 

water system. Waters of the Colville National Forest are upstream of surface water systems 

that service Cusick, Grand Coulee, Ione, Kettle Falls, Metaline, Metaline Falls, Orient, and 

Riverbend. 

Municipal supply watersheds provide water for human consumption where Forest Service 

management could have a significant impact upon the quality of water at the intake point 

and that provide water used by a community or other public water system regularly serving 

at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year or providing at least 15 service 

connections (FSM 2542). Municipal watersheds on the CNF include East Deer Creek, and 

North Fork Sullivan Creek, which provide water to the communities of Orient and Metaline 

Falls, respectively. 

Management direction underlying source water protection areas, and municipal supply 

watersheds is to be followed in addition to providing for water quality. Management 

guidance for aquatic and riparian ecosystems and key watersheds, and implementation of 

national best management practices provide for water quality protection.

KEY WATERSHEDS

Key watersheds are a subset of the watersheds across the Colville National Forest and are 

designated at the subwatershed scale (figure 5 and table 10). They are a network of 

watersheds that serve as strongholds for important aquatic resources and are crucial to 

threatened and endangered aquatic species and provide high quality water important for 

maintenance of downstream populations. Management in key watersheds emphasizes 

minimizing risk and maximizing passive and active restoration or preservation of watershed 

function and aquatic and riparian habitat. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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47

Twenty-six subwatersheds are designated as Key Watersheds, 12 of which are designated 

as a priority for restoration. The plan includes specific objectives for restoration in Key 

Watersheds that are a priority for restoration. These 12 subwatersheds represent the 

primary focus areas for active watershed and aquatic restoration through the life of the 

Forest Plan, based on established national and regional protocols for establishment of 

priorities, and partnership and funding opportunities. 

Figure 5. Key and municipal supply watersheds

Table 10. Key watersheds on the Colville National Forest

Key watershed 

number

Map 

number Key watershed name

Total 

subwatershed 

acres

Colville 

National 

Forest 

ownership

acres

170102160102 26 Winchester Creek 10,482 5,628

170102160103 17 Smalle Creek 17,754 11,058

170102160201 7 Exposure Creek-Pend Oreille 

River 

41,224 14,463

170102160204 3 Cee Cee Ah Creek 12,063 6,500

170102160206 20 Tacoma Creek 39,519 27,182

170102160302 25 West Branch 

Le Clerc Creek 

21,672 15,099

170102160303 5 East Branch

Le Clerc Creek 

26,663 11,145

170102160304 15 Ruby Creek 19,597 18,385
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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48

Key watershed 

number

Map 

number Key watershed name

Total 

subwatershed 

acres

Colville 

National 

Forest 

ownership

acres

170102160401 8 Harvey Creek 32,999 27,554

170102160402 10 Headwaters

Sullivan Creek 

45,516 45,417

170102160403 14 North Fork Sullivan

Creek 

12,709 11,259

170102160702 9 Headwaters South

Salmo River 

20,697 12,472

170102160902 19 Sweet CreekPend Oreille River 

41,832 28,890

170102160903 16 Slate Creek 20,195 19,907

170102161003 2 Cedar Creek 17,209 5,359

170200011004 13 North Fork Deep Creek 49,257 26,634

170200011301 18 South Fork

Sherman Creek 

22,004 21,899

170200011302 24 Upper Sherman Creek 26,381 26,260

170200011303 11 Lower Sherman Creek 20,987 15,998

170200011306 1 Barnaby Creek 23,108 14,299

170200011401 23 Upper Hall Creek 31,648 13,786

170200021301 22 Trout Creek 23,435 14,122

170200021701 21 Tonata Creek 14,453 13,781

170200021907 6 East Deer CreekKettle River 

23,385 15,443

170200022002 12 North Fork

Deadman Creek 

13,450 13,185

170200022003 4 Deadman Creek 26,518 22,300

Total 654,757 458,025

FOCUS AND PRIORITY WATERSHEDS

Watershed, riparian, and aquatic habitat restoration has been a priority in Region 6 for 

many years. The region recognized that the most efficient and effective way to improve 

watershed conditions and riparian and aquatic habitat would be to work with partners to 

target restoration efforts in specific watersheds, identify restoration needs, and focus 

restoration efforts on the factors degrading watershed, riparian and aquatic habitat 

conditions within the identified watersheds that were technically feasible and socially 

acceptable before moving to restore other watersheds. To that end, the region developed 

the Region 6 Aquatic Restoration Strategy in 2005. The Aquatic Restoration Strategy was 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

49

developed to provide guidance for watershed, riparian, and aquatic habitat restoration at a 

regional scale using both passive and active restoration. 9

Through implementation of the Aquatic Restoration Strategy, the region prioritized basins 

for active restoration. Forests identified focus watersheds at the 5th field watershed scale 

to be priorities for active watershed, riparian, and aquatic restoration. The Colville National 

Forest identified three focus watersheds: Le Clerc-Pend Oreille River, Upper San Poil and 

Chewelah Creek-Colville River.

In 2010, the national forests throughout the United States were mandated to assess the 

current condition of NFS watersheds utilizing the Watershed Condition Framework (WCF). 

The results of the WCF were used to identify priority subwatersheds where focused 

management over a 5- to 10-year period would improve impaired watershed condition. 

The Colville identified three priority subwatersheds through this process; the West Branch 

Le Clerc Creek, East Branch Le Clerc Creek, and Ninemile Creek. Once essential projects in 

existing subwatersheds are completed, additional priority subwatersheds will be identified

through the WCF process. 

WATERSHED CONDITION 

Measurement of improvement in watershed condition in this Forest Plan revision is 

through improvement in watershed condition class measured through the WCF procedure.

The WCF process identified current conditions of subwatersheds on NFS lands. The results 

of the assessment were used to identify priority subwatersheds where focused 

management over a 5- to 10-year period could improve constituent elements that impair 

watershed function. 

Subwatersheds are classified by WCF based on geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotic integrity 

relative to potential natural condition, which relates to geomorphic, hydrologic, and 

biological watershed function. Integrity is evaluated in the context of the natural

disturbance regime and geoclimatic setting and includes aquatic and terrestrial 

components because water quality and aquatic habitat are related to the integrity and 

functionality of the upland and riparian areas across the watershed (Potyondy and Geier 

2010). 

Subwatersheds on the Colville National Forest were classified into three categories 

(watershed condition classes) through the WCF: 

• Class 1: Functioning Properly—subwatersheds that exhibit high geomorphic, 

hydrologic, and biotic integrity relative to natural potential conditions. High integrity means 

that the watershed is functioning similar to natural wildland conditions (Karr and Chu 1999, 

Lackey 2001). There are minimal adverse human impacts on natural physical or biological 

processes, and the watershed is able to naturally recover to previous condition in response 

to natural and human disturbance (Yount and Neimi 1990);

 

9 Passive restoration is the broad-scale natural recovery of the ecosystem and includes coordination, analysis, 

planning, and design activities to maintain or improve habitat conditions while implementing projects across 

multiple resource areas.

Active restoration includes management actions with the specific goal of restoring the watershed processes that 

improve aquatic and riparian habitat function. Active restoration is focused on a more limited scale than passive 

restoration.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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50

• Class 2: Functioning at Risk—subwatersheds that exhibit moderate integrity. There are 

more human impacts on natural physical or biological processes than in high integrity 

subwatersheds, and the watershed may be able to naturally recover to previous condition 

in response to natural and human disturbance (Yount and Neimi 1990); 

• Class 3: Impaired Function—subwatersheds that exhibit low integrity. Adverse human 

impacts have caused a threshold to be exceeded where the watershed is no longer as 

resilient to physical and biological processes. The only impaired subwatershed in the 

planning area is Meadow Creek.

Figure 6. Current watershed condition class for subwatersheds across the Forest

This Forest Plan incorporates by reference the information contained on the WCF map 

viewer website: http://apps.fs.usda.gov/WCFmapviewer/, which contains the current WCF 

Priority Watersheds and associated information. The responsible official will select Priority 

Watersheds through WCF based on an interdisciplinary analysis and evaluation. In addition, 

the responsible official will reach out to local, State, Tribal, other Federal agencies, and 

interest groups when identifying priority watersheds (FSH 1909.12, chapter 20, section 

22.31).

The priorities for watershed, riparian, and aquatic habitat restoration have been further 

refined through the identification of Key Watersheds during the forest plan revision 

process. As discussed above, Key Watersheds are identified at the subwatershed scale to 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

51

aid the conservation and recovery of aquatic surrogate species. In some cases, Focus 

Watersheds (e.g., Le Clerc Creek-Pend Oreille River) include Key Watersheds and Priority 

Watersheds overlap with the identified Key Watersheds (West Branch Le Clerc Creek). 

Specific restoration objectives have been identified for Key Watersheds in the Plan and the 

Key Watersheds are the priority for active restoration. The Focus and Priority Watersheds 

that are not in the Key Watershed network are used to target implementation of shortterm, opportunistic restoration work such as in subwatersheds that are a restoration 

priority for partners, but not necessarily a priority to benefit the aquatic surrogate species. 

WATERSHED ANALYSIS

Watershed analysis is an interdisciplinary analysis of the status and trends of watershed 

and aquatic ecosystem conditions, State-designated beneficial uses of water (e.g., 

municipal water supply), and the hydrologic, geomorphic, and biological processes that 

strongly influence them. Watershed analysis provides consistent, mid-scale information 

that serves as a foundation for plan implementation through the development of strategic

and integrated programs and projects that protect and restore aquatic resources, while 

enabling informed and sustainable resource use and management. The watershed analysis 

process is described in detail in the Colville Aquatic and Riparian Conservation Strategy (see 

FEIS, Appendix H). 

Criteria for selecting potential watersheds for analysis should include: (1) Key Watersheds; 

(2) watersheds that have been or likely will be identified as Priority Watersheds under the 

Watershed Condition Framework during the life of the Plan; (3) watersheds that support 

listed species or contain designated critical habitat; and (4) watersheds wherein 

management activities are likely to occur that may substantially affect aquatic resources 

(e.g., due to their inherent nature, location, timing or scale).

Watershed analyses should generally be conducted or updated prior to developing and 

implementing Watershed Restoration Action Plans for Priority Watersheds. 

In addition, watershed analyses shall be conducted or updated prior to: proposing changes 

to Riparian Management Area (RMA) widths, timber salvage or construction of facilities in 

RMAs, or construction of permanent system roads in RMAs.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-WR-01. Natural Disturbance Regime of Aquatic and Riparian Systems 

National Forest System lands contribute to the distribution, diversity, and resiliency of 

watershed and landscape-scale features, including natural disturbance regimes, of the aquatic, 

riparian, and wetland ecosystems to which plant and animal species, populations, and 

communities are adapted. Subbasin scale is used for Forest planning and 5th field watershed or 

subwatershed scale is used for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-02. Hydrologic and Aquatic and Riparian Habitat Connectivity 

National Forest System lands contribute to uninterrupted physical and biological processes 

within and between watersheds. Floodplains, groundwater-dependent systems, upslope areas, 

headwater tributaries, and intact habitat refugia provide vertical, horizontal, and drainage 

network connections. These network connections provide chemically and physically 

unobstructed routes to areas critical for fulfilling life history requirements of aquatic, riparian-
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

52

dependent, and many terrestrial species of plants and animals. Subbasin scale is used for Forest 

planning, and 5th field watershed or subwatershed scale is used for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-03. Self-Sustaining Native and Aquatic and Riparian-Dependent Species 

National Forest System lands contribute to habitat and ecological conditions that are capable of 

supporting self-sustaining populations of native aquatic and riparian-dependent plant and 

animal species. Subbasin scale is used for forest planning and 5th field watershed or 

subwatershed scale is used for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-04. Physical Integrity of Aquatic and Riparian Habitat 

National Forest System lands provide aquatic habitats in which the distribution of conditions 

(e.g., bank stability, substrate size, pool depths and frequencies, channel morphology, large 

woody debris size and frequency) in the population of watersheds on the Forest is similar to the 

distribution of conditions in the population of similar, reference condition watersheds.

Reference conditions can be drawn from the Forest or Provincial scales. Conditions assessed at 

the subbasin scale are used for forest and project planning. 

FW-DC-WR-05. Water Quality 

National Forest System lands contribute to water quality necessary to support healthy riparian, 

aquatic, and wetland ecosystems. Water quality is within the range that maintains the 

biological, physical, and chemical integrity and benefits survival, growth, reproduction, and 

migration of individuals composing aquatic and riparian communities, and meets appropriate 

Washington State water quality standards. Subbasin scale is used for forest planning and 5th 

field watershed or subwatershed scale is used for project planning. 

FW-DC-WR-06. Sediment Regimes 

National Forest System lands contribute to the sediment regime within the natural range of 

variation. Elements of the sediment regime include the timing, volume, rate, and character of 

sediment input, storage, and transport. Watershed scale is used for Forest planning and 5th 

field watershed or subwatershed scale is used for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-07. In-stream Flows 

National Forest System lands contribute to instream flows and groundwater sufficient to create 

and sustain riparian, aquatic, and wetland habitats, retain patterns of sediment, temperature, 

nutrient, and wood routing, and provide for (permitted or certificated) consumptive uses. The 

timing, magnitude, duration, and spatial distribution of peak, high, and low flows functions in 

concert with local geology, valley types, soils and geomorphology. Subbasin scale is used for 

Forest planning and 5th field watershed or subwatershed scale is used for project planning. 

FW-DC-WR-08. Floodplain Inundation 

National Forest System lands contribute to the timing, variability, and duration of floodplain 

inundation that are within the natural range of variation. Fifth field watershed or subwatershed 

scale is used for both Forest and project planning. 

FW-DC-WR-09. Groundwater-dependent Systems: Seeps, Springs, and Groundwaterfed Wetlands (Fens)

National Forest System lands contribute to the timing, variability, and water table elevation in 

groundwater-fed wetlands, seeps, springs, and other groundwater-dependent systems. These 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction

53

features are within or moving toward proper functioning condition. Subwatershed scale is used 

for both Forest and project planning.

FW-DC-WR-10. Water Production for Downstream Uses

National Forest System lands produce high-quality water for downstream ecological 

communities (including human communities) dependent upon them. Watershed scale is used 

for both Forest and project planning.

FW-DC-WR-11. Native Plant Communities 

National Forest System lands contribute to the species composition and structural diversity of 

native plant communities in riparian management areas (including wetlands). These contribute 

to adequate summer and winter thermal regulation, nutrient filtering, appropriate rates of 

surface erosion, bank erosion, and channel migration; and supply amounts and distributions of 

coarse woody debris and fine particulate organic matter sufficient to sustain physical complexity 

and stability. Subbasin scale is used for Forest planning and 5th field watershed or 

subwatershed scale is used for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-12. Aquatic Invasive and Non-Native Species 

Aquatic invasive species do not occur as a component of lake, stream, and other riparianrelated ecosystems or compete with native species for critical resources. Subbasin scale is used 

for Forest planning. Fifth field watershed or subwatershed scale is used for project planning. 

FW-DC-WR-13. Aquatic Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species 

National Forest System lands contribute to the recovery of federally threatened and 

endangered aquatic species and conservation of Regional Forester’s sensitive aquatic species. 

Aquatic habitat supports spawning, rearing, and/or other key life history requirements. Aquatic 

habitat also is designated as critical habitat for listed species (such as bull trout) in some areas.

Subbasin scale is used for Forest planning and 5th field watershed or subwatershed scale is used 

for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-14. Resiliency to Climate Change

Aquatic and riparian ecosystems are resilient to the effects of climate change and other major 

disturbances. Subbasin is scale is used for Forest planning and 5th field watershed scale is used 

for project planning.

FW-DC-WR-15. Water Quality Standards in Municipal Supply Watersheds and Source 

Water Protection Areas

National Forest System lands in municipal supply watersheds (North Fork Sullivan Creek, and 

East Fork Deer Creek) and ground and surface source water protection areas provide water that 

meets or exceeds state water quality standards for drinking water with appropriate treatment.

FW-DC-WR-16. Key Watershed Network 

Networks of watersheds with functional habitat and functionally intact ecosystems contribute 

to and enhance conservation and recovery of specific threatened, endangered, and/or sensitive 

aquatic species and high water quality and natural flow regimes. The networks contribute to 

short-term conservation and long-term recovery at the Recovery Unit or other appropriate 

population scale. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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54

FW-DC-WR-17. Roads in Key Watersheds 

Roads in key watersheds are not a risk to the function of soil and water resources. Roads do not 

disrupt hydrologic or aquatic habitat function or threatened and endangered species biological 

and behavioral attributes. 

FW-DC-WR-18. Key Watershed Integrity 

Key watersheds have high watershed integrity and contribute to resilient aquatic and riparian 

ecosystems.

FW-DC-WR-19. Focus and Priority Watershed Network 

Focus and priority watersheds contribute to the sustainability of aquatic and riparian systems 

and species and provide resilient, productive habitat and high water quality.

Objectives

FW-OBJ-WR-01. Aquatic Invasive Species 

Within the next 15 years, implement aquatic invasive species prevention measures at all 

developed recreation sites providing direct and/or indirect access to water bodies, such as boat 

ramps, campgrounds, and day use areas that provide portal zones for hand carried watercraft. 

Implement aquatic invasive species prevention measures as part of all aquatic survey and 

inventory procedures and other management activities that pose high potential for invasion 

vectors to occur. For guidance on invasive riparian plants see FW-DC-WR-12 and Invasive 

Species Desired Condition section.

FW-OBJ-WR-02. Aquatic Invasive and Non-Native Species 

Within the next 15 years, implement aquatic invasive species control and eradication at 

15 waterbodies (streams and lakes) where such invasions have become established and prevent 

attainment of listed fish recovery plan goals and/or effects to social, economic, and ecological 

systems are determined to be unacceptable. 

FW-OBJ-WR-03. General Watershed Function and Restoration 

Within the next 15 years, decrease sediment delivery from management activities on 

1,000 acres including but not limited to roads, trails, livestock, unauthorized off-highway vehicle 

use, vegetation management, and dispersed and developed campsites. Restore hydrologic, 

aquatic, and riparian processes through activities that stabilize streambank erosion, and other 

accelerated channel destabilizing processes (i.e., headcutting), improve lateral and vertical 

hydrologic connectivity, and improve stream channel and floodplain function on 10 miles of 

streams.

FW-OBJ-WR-04. Fish Habitat Improvement 

Within 15 years restore aquatic organism passage for all life stages of native species at 45

road/stream crossings and man-made instream structures such as water diversions and dams 

outside of key watersheds. Culverts and other passage improvements are to be designed to 

restore and maintain hydrologic and aquatic habitat function and stream channel resiliency to a 

range of flows through natural channel design and other acceptable treatment measures. 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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55

FW-OBJ-WR-05. Key Watershed Restoration Prioritization 

Management in key watersheds focuses on restoration or preservation of watershed, aquatic, 

and riparian function and recovery of threatened and endangered species. Improve watershed 

condition class in key watersheds that are a priority for restoration within 15 years of forest plan 

implementation. Key watersheds that are a priority for restoration include:

East Branch LeClerc Creek, West Branch LeClerc Creek, Deadman Creek, Barnaby 

Creek, Harvey Creek, North Fork Deadman Creek, North Fork Sullivan Creek, 

Sullivan Creek, Ruby Creek, Tonata Creek, Upper Sherman Creek, and South Fork 

Sherman Creek subwatersheds.

Additional key watersheds that are a priority for restoration will be identified, as appropriate, 

through the life of the plan through the WCF process. 

FW-OBJ-WR-06. Key Watershed Road Treatments 

Reduce road-hydrologic connectivity and sediment delivery on roads through storm damage 

risk reduction treatments, full hydrologic decommissioning, and other accepted treatment 

measures on 116 miles of hydrologically connected road within 15 years of forest plan 

implementation.

Restore or maintain aquatic organism passage and improve hydrologic and aquatic habitat 

function at 53 road/stream crossings for all native aquatic species, seasons, flows, and life 

stages in key watersheds within 15 years of forest plan implementation through culvert 

replacement or crossing improvement and natural channel design or other acceptable 

treatment measures that provide for natural stream channel function at all flows.

FW-OBJ-WR-07. Key Watershed Range Infrastructure Improvements 

Improve hydrologic and aquatic function through range infrastructure improvements, including 

riparian fencing, movement and improvement of watering troughs, and other acceptable 

treatments over 240 acres within 15 years of plan implementation.

FW-OBJ-WR-08. Upland Vegetation Structure in Riparian Management Areas in Key 

Watersheds 

Move upland vegetation within riparian management areas in key watersheds toward historical

range of variability (table 10) on 1,500 acres within 15 years of plan implementation.

FW-OBJ-WR-09. Stream Restoration in Key Watersheds 

Restore hydrologic, geomorphic, and riparian process and function on 81 miles of stream within 

15 years of forest plan implementation through activities including streambank stabilization, 

restoration of lateral and vertical hydrologic connectivity, and improvement of stream channel 

and floodplain function.

FW-OBJ-WR-10. Watershed Restoration in Focus and Priority Watersheds 

Over 15 years, implement the watershed condition framework through completion of essential 

projects outlined in watershed action plans in existing focus and priority watersheds to improve 

watershed condition class. Focus watersheds designated at the 5th field watershed scale 

include Upper Sanpoil, Chewelah Creek-Colville River, and LeClerc Creek-Pend Oreille River 

watersheds. Priority watersheds designated at the subwatershed scale include Ninemile Creek

and West Branch LeClerc Creek subwatersheds.
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

Chapter 2 – Forestwide Direction 

56

FW-OBJ-WR-11. Watershed Analysis

Within 15 years of plan implementation, complete or update watershed analyses for 

5 subwatersheds. Criteria for selecting subwatershed for watershed analysis include: Key 

Watersheds, Priority Watersheds, watersheds that support designated critical habitat, or 

support listed species, and watersheds where management activities are likely to occur that 

may affect aquatic resources (due to their inherent nature, location, timing, or scale).

Standards

FW-STD-WR-01. Properly Functioning Watersheds

When aquatic and riparian desired conditions are being achieved and watersheds are 

functioning properly,

10 projects shall maintain11 those conditions. When aquatic and riparian 

desired conditions are not yet achieved or watersheds have impaired function or are 

functioning-at-risk and to the degree that project activities would contribute to those 

conditions, projects shall restore or not retard attainment of desired conditions. Short-term 

adverse effects from project activities may be acceptable when they support long-term 

recovery of aquatic and riparian desired conditions. Exceptions to this standard include 

situations where Forest Service authorities are limited. In those cases, project effects toward 

attainment of desired conditions shall be minimized and not retard attainment of desired 

conditions to the extent possible within Forest Service authorities. 

FW-STD-WR-02. Best Management Practices

All projects shall be implemented in accordance with best management practices, as described 

in national and regional technical guides.

FW-STD-WR-03. Aquatic Invasive Species − In-Water Work 

Implement prevention measures for in-water projects to decrease the potential for aquatic 

invasive species transference into non-infested water bodies. 

FW-STD-WR-04. Aquatic Invasive Species − Aquatic Resource Sampling 

Aquatic sampling equipment should be disinfected prior to use in new stream or lake locations. 

FW-STD-WR-05. Construction of New Roads, Trails and Developed Recreation Sites 

New roads and trails will be designed to minimize disruption of natural hydrologic processes at 

perennial and intermittent stream crossings, valley bottoms, valley approaches and other overland drainage features. New roads, trails, and developed recreation sites will integrate features, 

such as, but not limited to, rocked stream crossings, drain dips, sediment filtration, cross drains 

and crossings that minimize unnatural stream constriction, bank erosion, channel incision, 

sedimentation, or disruption of surface and subsurface flow paths. 

FW-STD-WR-06. Road Construction and Hydrologic Risk Reduction in Key Watersheds

In Key Watersheds and in subwatersheds with ESA critical habitat for aquatic species that are 

functioning properly with respect to roads, there will be no net increase (at least one mile of 

road-related risk reduction for every new mile of road construction) in system roads that affect 

 

10 Per Watershed Condition Framework Technical Guide, USDA Forest Service (Potyondy & Geier 2010) and/or 

subsequent versions and/or comparable methods. Other broad-scale or local inventory, assessment and monitoring 

data and analysis can be used to refine initial classifications made per WCF. 11 See glossary for definitions of the terms “maintain,” “restore,” “degrade,” and “retard attainment.” 
Colville National Forest Land Management Plan

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57

hydrologic function. In Key Watersheds and in subwatersheds with ESA critical habitat for 

aquatic species that are functioning-at-risk or have impaired function with respect to roads, 

there will be a net decrease (for every mile of road construction there would be greater than 

one mile of road-related risk reduction) in system roads that affect hydrologic function to move 

toward proper function. Treatment priority shall be given to roads that pose the greatest 

relative ecological risks to riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Road-related risk reduction will 

occur prior to new road construction unless logistical restrictions require post-construction risk 

reduction. 

FW-STD-WR-07. Hydroelectric and Other Water Development Authorizations in Key 

Watersheds 

Hydroelectric and other water development authorizations shall include requirements for 

instream flows and habitat conditions that maintain or restore native fish and other desired 

aquatic species populations, riparian-dependent resources, favorable channel conditions, and 

aquatic connectivity.

FW-STD-WR-08. New Hydroelectric Facilities and Water Developments 

New hydroelectric facilities and water developments shall not be located in a key watershed 

unless it can be demonstrated they have minimal risks and/or no adverse effects to fish and 

water resources for which the key watershed was established.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-WR-01. Aquatic Invasive Species − Wildfire Suppression Equipment 

During wildfire suppression, cross contamination between streams and lakes from pumps, 

suction, and dipping devices should be avoided. Dumping water directly from one stream or 

lake into another should be avoided. Water storage and conveyance components of water 

tenders, engines, and aircraft should be disinfected prior to use on a new on-forest incident.

FW-GDL-WR-02. Aquatic Invasive Species − Early Detection and Rapid Response 

Principles and processes of early detection and rapid response to find, identify and quantify 

new aquatic invasive species occurrences should be used. Early detection and rapid response

should be coupled with other integrated activities to rapidly assess and respond with quick and 

immediate actions to eradicate, control, or contain aquatic invasive species. 

FW-GDL-WR-03. Watershed Restoration

Use the restoration methods that maximize the use of natural ecological processes for longterm sustainability and minimize the need for long-term maintenance.

FW-GDL-WR-04. Hydrologic Function of Roads, Trails, and Developed Recreation 

Sites 

Roads and trails should be maintained to minimize disruption of natural hydrologic processes at 

perennial and intermittent stream crossings, valley bottoms, valley approaches and other 

over-land drainage features. Roads and trails should integrate features, such as, but not limited 

to, rocked stream crossings, drain dips, sediment filtration, cross drains and crossings that 

minimize unnatural stream constriction, bank erosion, channel incision, sedimentation, or 

disruption of surface and subsurface flow paths.
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FW-GDL-WR-05. Chemical Fire Suppression 

Whenever practical, as determined by the fire incident commander, use water or other less 

toxic wildland fire chemical suppressants for direct attack or less toxic approved fire retardants 

in areas occupied by riparian and aquatic-dependent threatened, endangered, proposed, 

candidate, or sensitive species, or their habitats.

WILDLIFE HABITATS (WL)

The Forest Plan focuses on four groups of terrestrial wildlife species: threatened, 

endangered, and proposed (TEP), surrogate species (SS), focal species (FS), and species of 

management interest. These groups are further described in appendix C. In addition, some 

plan components address general wildlife habitat issues and enhance viability of all species. 

Threatened and endangered species are those formally listed under the Federal 

Endangered Species Act of 1973. Surrogate species represent other species that share 

similar habitat and risk factors and include Region 6 sensitive species, state-listed species, 

or other species for which the published literature has identified concerns for their viability. 

Focal species are a subset of the surrogate species that will be used for monitoring. 

Species of management interest include big-game species that are of high interest to the 

public. Several desired condition statements within this Plan refer to ‘habitat effectiveness’ 

or ‘zone of influence.’ Methods to address habitat effectiveness and zone of influence can 

be found in Gaines et al. (2003); however, during the life of the Plan these methods may be 

replaced by new scientific/research developments.

THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

Plan direction is consistent with existing recovery plans for federally listed species and 

applies in those areas identified by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service as recovery areas for 

each listed species. Four federally listed wildlife species are found on or near the Forest. 

These include grizzly bear (threatened), woodland caribou (endangered), Canada lynx 

(threatened), and yellow-billed cuckoo (threatened). In addition, critical habitat for the 

woodland caribou has been officially designated on a portion of the Colville National 

Forest. While the Forest manages for threatened and endangered species within recovery 

zones and designated critical habitat, the listed species may also occur on the Forest but 

outside of the recovery zones. In those instances, the Forest will still consider effects to the 

listed species and designated critical habitat in accordance with the Endangered Species Act 

and in consultation with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 

Canada lynx: The Canada Lynx Conservation Assessment and Strategy (2013 version) was 

used to develop management direction. The Colville National Forest includes the KettleWedge core area that is important for the recovery of Canada lynx in Washington. The 

Forest does not have any designated critical habitat for Canada lynx. Habitat conditions 

(e.g., current habitat compared to desired conditions) are appropriately assessed at the 

lynx analysis unit scale. There are 13 lynx analysis units within the Kettle-Wedge Core Area. 

Core areas are defined by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service as areas with the strongest 

long-term evidence of the persistence of lynx populations over time within the contiguous 

United States.

Grizzly bear: The Selkirk Mountains Grizzly Bear Recovery Area includes a portion of the 

Colville National Forest located east of the Pend Oreille River. The recovery area is divided 

into grizzly bear management units, three of which are shared between the Colville and 
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Idaho Panhandle National Forests. These analysis units are large enough to allow the 

assessment of seasonal habitats and the cumulative effects of human activities on these 

habitats. Within bear management units, management is designed to ensure that 

important seasonal habitats are available to bears within core areas. 

Core areas are identified as areas that are more than 500 meters from an open road, 

restricted-use road, motorized trail, or high-use hiking trail (more than 20 parties per 

week). Any roads within core areas must be physically un-drivable (e.g., bermed, brushedin). Evaluation of the potential effects of proposed actions on grizzly bear recovery follows 

the assessment process developed by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee (IGBC 1998).

Woodland caribou: A small population of woodland caribou occurs on the northeastern 

portion of the Colville National Forest within the Selkirk Mountain Woodland Caribou 

Recovery Area. The caribou recovery area has been divided into 17 caribou management 

units, of which 4 occur on the Colville National Forest.

Woodland caribou critical habitat: The USDI Fish and Wildlife Service designated 30,010 

acres of Federal land in Boundary County, Idaho, and Pend Oreille County, Washington, as 

critical habitat for the southern Selkirk Mountains caribou population. The portion of the 

critical habitat that occurs in Washington is located on the Colville National Forest

(see https://www.fws.gov/idaho/articles.cfm?id=149489582 for map of critical habitat).

Yellow-billed cuckoo: The yellow-billed cuckoo is a threatened species throughout much of 

the western United States, and the western United States was designated as a distinct 

population segment. It is unknown if the yellow-billed cuckoo occurs on the Colville 

National Forest; however, there may be some potential habitat. Cuckoos nest almost 

exclusively in riparian woodlands 50 acres or larger in size, over 300 feet wide, and 

dominated by cottonwoods and willows.

SURROGATE SPECIES

Selected surrogate species represent specific habitats and risk factors across the planning 

area (see appendix C). The viability of surrogate species is enhanced by providing favorable 

habitat conditions (appropriate mix of cover types and structure stages) and reducing risk 

factors.

FOCAL SPECIES

Focal species were selected to monitor the potential effects of major forest management 

activities. These major activities include: grazing, forest vegetation restoration (such as 

thinning and prescribed fire), and post-fire salvage harvest. The species in Table 11 were 

selected to represent these management activities. 

Table 11. Focal species and management activity

Focal species Management activity

MacGillivray’s warbler Grazing, understory effects

Black-backed woodpecker Post-fire salvage harvest

Northern goshawk Forest vegetation management

White-headed woodpecker Forest vegetation management
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SPECIES OF MANAGEMENT INTEREST

Deer: Mule deer and white-tailed deer occur widely across the national forest. 

Elk: Rocky Mountain elk are less broadly distributed across the Forest. The larger elk 

populations occur on the eastern half of the Colville National Forest. 

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-WL-01. Proper Storage of Human Food, Garbage, and Other Wildlife 

Attractants

All administrative sites, developed recreation sites, and dispersed recreation sites where 

garbage disposal services are provided, are equipped with animal-resistant food and waste 

storage devices so that food, garbage, and other attractants can be made inaccessible to 

wildlife. 

Forest visitors are aware of the need to properly store all wildlife attractants through one-onone contacts with campground hosts and agency employees, signage, and the media.

Compliance with the Forest’s food storage order is increasing.

FW-DC-WL-02. Habitat Conditions for Threatened and Endangered Species 

Habitat conditions (amount, distribution, and connectivity of habitat) are consistent with the 

historical range of variability (see also FW-DC-VEG-04 and 05) and contribute to the recovery of 

federally listed threatened and endangered species. 

FW-DC-WL-03. Habitat Conditions for all Surrogate Species 

Habitat conditions (amount, distribution, and connectivity of habitat) are consistent with the 

historical range of variability (per FW-DC-VEG-03 and 04) and contribute to the viability of 

surrogate species and associated species.

FW-DC-WL-04. Habitat Components for Canada Lynx 

Forest successional stages within lynx analysis units provide a mosaic of lynx habitat (including 

foraging, travel and denning components) with landscape pattern that is consistent with the 

historical range of variability (per FW-DC-VEG-03 and table 5) 

FW-DC-WL-05. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area – Key Habitat Components for Grizzly Bear 

Key grizzly bear habitat components (such as whitebark pine, riparian habitats, berry-producing 

shrubfields, natural meadows, and forest cover) are available within core areas and in quantities 

that contribute toward a recovered bear population. 

FW-DC-WL-06. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area – Core Areas 

The amount of core areas available to grizzly bears within each grizzly bear management unit 

meets the standards in table 15. Core areas are expanded where other forest access priorities 

or obligations can also be met. 

FW-DC-WL-07. Woodland Caribou Seasonal Habitat Components 

Manage toward the upper 10 percent of the desired conditions for vegetation (see FW-DC-VEG03, table 5) in late-successional-closed forest within western hemlock/red cedar and 

spruce/subalpine fir, measured at the caribou management unit scale. 
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FW-DC-WL-08. Woodland Caribou Habitat – Forage Availability 

Preferred lichens (Bryoria and Alectoria) are present in sufficient quantities for woodland 

caribou to forage. 

FW-DC-WL-09. Woodland Caribou Habitat – Winter Recreation 

Winter recreation is managed so that woodland caribou are not displaced from suitable habitat 

and the caribou can make full use of existing habitat in the recovery area.

FW-DC-WL-10. Risk Factors for all Surrogate Species 

Risk factors (such as roads, uncharacteristic wildfire, unregulated livestock use, introduced 

species, invasive species, and disturbance during critical time periods) for all surrogate species 

are reduced to contribute to the viability of surrogate species and associated species. 

FW-DC-WL-11. Human Activities in Bald Eagle Nesting Areas 

Occupied bald eagle nesting areas are not disrupted by management activities. 

FW-DC-WL-12. Bald Eagle Habitat in Riparian Management Areas 

Riparian management areas along mainstem rivers that provide bald eagle habitat are 

composed of more than 20 percent late-successional forest. Applicable scale is a stream reach. 

FW-DC-WL-13. Deer and Elk Habitat – Summer and Winter Range Cover and Forage 

Cover and forage for deer and elk summer and winter range are within historical range of 

variability for vegetation (per FW-DC-VEG-03 and table 5). 

FW-DC-WL-14. Deer and Elk Habitat – Human Activities 

Winter ranges for deer and elk provide a high level of habitat effectiveness by having less than 

30 percent of the winter range within a zone of influence of an open road or motorized travel 

route. Summer ranges provide a moderate level of habitat effectiveness by having less than 

50 percent of the summer range within a zone of influence of an open road or motorized trail.

Objectives

FW-OBJ-WL-01. Wildlife Habitats – Proper Storage of Human Food, Garbage and 

Other Wildlife Attractants

Address any food or garbage storage problem areas promptly to avoid habituation of grizzly 

bears or other wildlife. Maintain the wildlife-resistant garbage storage devices installed in all 

developed campgrounds on the Colville National Forest, as needed. Within 15 years of plan 

implementation, install at least 15 wildlife-resistant food storage lockers at developed 

campgrounds or heavily used dispersed campsites. Priority will be given to sites within or 

adjacent to the grizzly bear recovery area, or to areas with documented black bear or grizzly 

bear food or human interactions.

FW-OBJ-WL-02. Canada Lynx Habitat Restoration 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, restore an average of 100 acres per year 

of snowshoe hare and/or lynx habitat within the lynx analysis units located in the Kettle-Wedge

core area. 
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FW-OBJ-WL-03. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area – Habitat Restoration 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, maintain or restore grizzly bear seasonal 

habitats on 900 acres in the following bear management units (table 12). 

Table 12. Grizzly bear seasonal habitats objective 

Bear management unit Number of acres restored

LeClerc 300

Salmo-Priest 300

Sullivan Hughes 300

FW-OBJ-WL-04. Restoration of Late-Successional Forest Habitat and Associated 

Surrogate Species

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, restore western hemlock/western red

cedar vegetation types within late-successional forest habitats for surrogate wildlife species on 

1,400 acres within the following watersheds (table 13). Generally focus activity in previously 

treated areas that are now early to mid-successional forest to enhance large tree development. 

Table 13. Surrogate species habitat – watersheds for treatment

Watershed Acres

Sullivan Creek 800

LeClerc 600

FW-OBJ-WL-05. White-Headed Woodpecker and Associated Species Habitat – 

Ponderosa Pine Forest 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, restore or move toward restoration of 

late structure ponderosa pine forest habitat on 500 acres per year. Restoration projects are 

emphasized in the following watersheds: Sanpoil, Sherman. 

FW-OBJ-WL-06. Deer and Elk Habitat Restoration 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, restore (i.e., application of prescribed 

fire, invasive plant management, etc.) habitat on 1,000 acres of deer and elk winter range.

Standards

FW-STD-WL-01. Nest Sites 

For forest species listed in table 14, protect all known active nest sites from human disturbance 

caused by management activities during the following periods to reduce the risk of nest 

abandonment or decline in productivity.

Table 14. Timing standards for protection of land bird species nest sites

Species Species status Timing

Bald eagle Surrogate – R6 Sensitive Species January 1–August 15

Peregrine falcon Surrogate- R6 Sensitive Species March 1−July 31

Northern goshawk Surrogate March 1–August 31
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Species Species status Timing

Golden eagle Surrogate February 15−August 31

FW-STD-WL-02. Canada Lynx – Vegetation Management within the Kettle-Wedge Lynx 

Core Area

Management projects shall not reduce horizontal cover (snowshoe hare habitat) in late-closed 

structure subalpine fir/lodgepole or spruce/subalpine fir vegetation types unless: (1) the 

subalpine fir/lodgepole pine or spruce/ subalpine fir vegetation types exceed desired conditions 

(historical range of variability) for late-closed structure, (2) the projects are within 200 feet of 

administrative sites, dwellings, out buildings, recreation sites and special use permit areas, 

including infrastructure within permitted ski area boundaries; or (3) for research studies or 

genetic tree test evaluating genetically improved reforestation stock. Lynx analysis units are 

used to measure changes to lynx habitat.

FW-STD-WL-03. Canada Lynx – Rate of Change within the Kettle-Wedge Lynx Core 

Area

Change no more than 15 percent of lynx habitat within any single lynx analysis unit to an 

unsuitable condition in any 10-year period.

FW-STD-WL-04. Canada Lynx – Groomed and Designated Winter Routes within the 

Kettle-Wedge Lynx Core Area

Allow no net increase in groomed or designated over-the-snow routes into lynx habitat at the 

lynx analysis unit scale. Access to non-recreation uses, such as mineral and energy exploration 

and development sites, will be comprised of designated routes or designated over-the-snow 

routes. This does not apply to areas within permitted ski area boundaries, winter logging, trails 

that are rerouted for public safety, or to accessing private in-holdings. 

FW-STD-WL-05. Canada Lynx – Vegetation Management within the Kettle-Wedge Lynx 

Core Area

When conducting vegetation management of coniferous vegetation, do not reduce the 

suitability of lynx habitat within a lynx analysis unit below 70 percent of the area that is capable 

of providing suitable lynx habitat (subalpine fir-associated forest types). 

FW-STD-WL-06. Canada Lynx – Tree Stem Densities in the Kettle-Wedge Lynx Core 

Area

Retain a minimum of 20 percent in untreated patches and do not reduce tree stem densities to 

less than 500 trees per acre in early structure subalpine fir/lodgepole pine or spruce/subalpine 

fir vegetation types within a lynx analysis unit through mechanical tree removal or prescribed 

burning, except within 500 feet of structures (i.e., administrative sites, dwellings, out buildings), 

developed recreation sites and special use permit areas (including infrastructure within 

permitted ski area boundaries), and along major highways and powerline corridors.

FW-STD-WL-07. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area -Road Densities 

Within the grizzly bear recovery area, Federal actions shall not result in a net reduction of core 

habitat below the levels in the following table. Discrete core areas shall remain in place for a 

minimum of 10 years for bears to find and use these areas. Federal actions shall not result in a 
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net increase in open or total road densities above the levels in table 15. Total road densities do 

not include physically undrivable roads (e.g., bermed, brushed-in).

Table 15. Grizzly bear habitat standards for the shared bear management units of the Colville and 

Idaho Panhandle National Forests

Bear management 

unit

Maximum open roads 

>1 mi/sq. mi.

Maximum total roads

>2 mi/sq. mi 

Minimum percent 

core habitat

Salmo-Priest

(99% NFS land)

33% 26% 64% 

Sullivan-Hughes

(99% NFS land) 

24% 19% 61% 

LeClerc

(64% NFS land)

48% 60% 27%

FW-STD-WL-08. Proper Storage of Human Food, Garbage, and Other Wildlife 

Attractants

Forest Service contracts, permits, and agreements that include camping on NFS lands shall 

incorporate the requirement to follow the current Food Storage Order for the Colville National 

Forest. 

Apiaries shall not be placed where they would increase the potential for human-bear conflicts.

FW-STD-WL-09. Woodland Caribou Recovery Areas – Management Activities 

Management activities within lands identified as capable habitat for woodland caribou enhance 

or facilitate the development of suitable habitat. Management activities within stands identified 

as suitable habitat are avoided, except when a clear benefit of the activity to habitat conditions 

can be demonstrated.

FW-STD-WL-10. Woodland Caribou Recovery Area – Management and Caribou 

Calving

Management activities that cause disturbance shall be avoided in known caribou calving habitat 

from June 1 to July 15.

FW-STD-WL-11. Woodland Caribou and Snowmobiles 

Restrict over-the-snow vehicle use to designated routes within the Selkirk Mountain Woodland 

caribou recovery area.

FW-STD-WL-12. Large Snag Habitat 

Because snags larger than 20 inches diameter at breast height are currently below the desired 

conditions, they shall be retained unless they pose a safety hazard. This standard does not apply 

in developed recreation sites, around recreation residences, in administrative sites, and within 

200 feet of an open road designated for firewood harvest. An additional exception to this 

standard can occur in areas that have been identified as candidates for tree faller training sites 

through consultation with local biologists. 
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FW-STD-WL-13. Bighorn Sheep and Disease Transmission

Protect bighorn sheep populations from potential disease transmission: (1) Use of recreational 

pack goats shall not be authorized within or adjacent to source habitat for bighorn sheep to 

reduce the risk of disease spread, and (2) Grazing of domestic sheep shall not be authorized 

within or adjacent to bighorn sheep source habitats.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-WL-01. Hiding Cover for Wildlife 

Where the opportunity exists, retain clumps or patches of shrubs and trees to provide hiding 

cover (minimize sight distance) along open roads adjacent to created openings. To the extent 

feasible, maintain the hiding cover value of these vegetative clumps and patches during postharvest site preparation and fuels treatments. 

FW-GDL-WL-02. Proper Storage of Human Food, Garbage, and Other Wildlife 

Attractants

Agency employees and the public should be informed about the need to properly store food 

and other wildlife attractants. 

FW-GDL-WL-03. Unique Habitats 

Unique habitats, such as cliffs (greater than 25 feet in height below 5,000 feet in elevation), 

caves (including mines), talus, ponds, marshes, wetlands, deciduous forest (including aspen 

stands greater than 1 acre in size), natural meadows and areas of colony nesting species should 

be maintained or protected from activities that result in habitat loss or disturbance. 

FW-GDL-WL-04. Federally Listed Species 

Habitat for federally listed wildlife species within designated recovery areas that occur on 

National Forest System lands should be retained in public ownership and managed to support 

recovery. 

FW-GDL-WL-05. Canada Lynx – Vegetation Management within the Kettle-Wedge 

Core Area

Vegetation management activities in lynx analysis units should be focused in areas of poor 

snowshoe hare habitat (poorly developed understories that lack horizontal cover between 3 

and 10 feet from the ground) to recruit understories that support dense, horizontal cover. 

FW-GDL-WL-06. Canada Lynx – Alternative Prey within the Kettle-Wedge Core Area

Habitat for alternate prey species, primarily red squirrel, should be available in each lynx 

analysis unit by providing cone-bearing late, closed structure conifer forests with coarse woody 

debris consistent with desired conditions for structure (FW-DC-VEG-03), and snags and downed 

wood (FW-DC-VEG-04). 

FW-GDL-WL-07. Canada Lynx – Recreation and Administrative Facilities within the 

Kettle-Wedge Core Area

Expansion or new construction of recreation and administrative facilities within a lynx analysis 

unit should be located in or adjacent to existing areas of development, rather than creating new 

developed recreation or administrative sites. Recreation developments and operations should 
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be managed so as not to interfere with lynx movement and maintain the effectiveness of lynx 

habitat. 

FW-GDL-WL-08. Canada Lynx – Transportation System within the Kettle-Wedge Core 

Area

Road reconstruction that results in increased traffic speed and volume should be avoided within 

lynx analysis units. New permanent roads should not be located on forested ridge-tops, saddles, 

close to forest stringers, or in other areas important for habitat connectivity.

FW-GDL-WL-09. Canada Lynx – Habitat Connectivity within the Kettle-Wedge Core 

Area

Large, permanent openings (generally greater than 300 feet wide with less than 10 percent 

overstory canopy) should not be created in prey habitat within lynx analysis units. When 

temporary openings (resulting from vegetation management treatments) are proposed, 

adequate forested habitat should be retained between these openings and natural openings to 

contribute to habitat connectivity. 

FW-GDL-WL-10. Canada Lynx – Kettle-Wedge Core Area - Lynx Analysis Unit 

Adjustment

Lynx analysis unit boundaries should be adjusted based on scientific literature and coordination 

with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service.

12

FW-GDL-WL-11. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area – Forest Management Activities 

Management activities (such as timber harvest, road building, blasting, etc.) and helicopter use

that may displace grizzly bears should be scheduled to occur outside of the critical period of 

den emergence. 

Administrative, motorized vehicle entries on restricted-use roads should be managed to not 

exceed the levels prescribed by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee. 

FW-GDL-WL-12. Grizzly Bear Recovery Area – Hiding Cover

Hiding cover for grizzly bears is defined as topography or vegetation capable of screening 

90 percent of a bear at a distance of 200 feet. Within the grizzly bear recovery area, no point in 

a created opening should be farther than 600 feet from forested hiding cover. Blocks of forested 

cover retained within harvest units specifically for grizzly bears should be at least 600 feet 

across. 

Hiding cover should be maintained where it exists along open roads. Roadside cover can be 

provided by topography, or by strips / patches of shrubs / trees retained within harvest units.

FW-GDL-WL-13. Mule Deer, White-tailed Deer, and Elk Habitat – Human Activities 

Human activities should be restricted to designated routes during the winter period of 

December 1 to March 31 in winter range. When human activities must occur (i.e., winter 

logging), adequate displacement areas should be provided for deer and elk to maintain the 

effectiveness of the wintering area.

 

12 As of this revised plan, the Canada Lynx Conservation Assessment and Strategy (ILBT 2013) provides guidance for 

Canada Lynx analysis unit management.
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FW-GDL-WL-14. Mule Deer, White-tailed Deer, and Elk Forage 

Production of browse and other forage should be stimulated within deer winter range. 

Minimize tree invasion into non-forested, brush-dominated areas to maintain browse condition. 

Consider treatment when browse species are out of reach or in need of rejuvenation or reintroduction.

FW-GDL-WL-15. Fire-dependent Surrogate Wildlife Species 

To provide habitat for fire-dependent surrogate species (e.g., black-backed woodpecker) and 

associated species, post-fire timber harvest should only be used when the availability of 

suitable post-fire habitats (refer to Vegetation Desired Conditions FW-DC-VEG-03 and 04 (table 

5) for early structure) are above the desired condition measured at the sub-basin scale.

FW-GDL-WL-16. Bat Habitat Protection 

Human activities should be managed to protect bat hibernacula from disturbance and exposure 

of bats to white-nose syndrome.

FW-GDL-WL-17. Nesting Habitat for Common Loon 

Human activities should be managed to protect known common loon brood-rearing areas 

between June 1 and September 1.

FW-GDL-WL-18. Nest Sites 

For forest species listed in table 16, all known active nest sites should be protected from human 

disturbance caused by management activities during the following periods to reduce the risk of 

nest abandonment or decline in productivity.

Table 16. Timing guidelines for protection of bird nest sites

Species Timing*

Common loon April 1−June 15

Cooper’s hawk April 1−August 31

Sharp-shinned hawk April 1−August 31

Red-tailed hawk March 1−July 31

Osprey April 1−August 31

Flammulated owl April 1−July15

Great gray owl March 1−July 31

*Timing guidelines may be adjusted based on site-specific conditions.

FW-GDL-WL-19. Northern Goshawk Nesting Sites 

Goshawk territories should have the following components: 

1. A 30-acre nest site (active within the last five years) where no adverse management 

activities should occur as long as the nest site is active. Dominant trees should be larger

than 15 inches dbh. 

2. Post-fledging area (420 acres total), including six nest areas, each 30 acres in size (six 

nest sites – three nests are suitable and three are replacements). 

3. Foraging area surrounding the post-fledging area, and 
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4. Total home range size = 6,000 acres. 

All active (within the last 5 years) or replacement nest sites for the northern goshawk should 

provide suitable nesting habitat with more than 50 percent canopy closure. Foraging area 

habitat can be a combination of late-and mid-seral stages. 

FW-GDL-WL-20. Placement of Apiaries

Proposed apiaries should not be placed where they pose a risk to rare species of bees, 

butterflies and/or other native pollinators, including threatened, endangered, or sensitive 

pollinator species known to exist within 2 to 5 miles of the proposed site.

INVASIVE SPECIES (IS) 

This section discusses forestwide management direction for all invasive taxa including 

terrestrial and aquatic plants, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and insect and disease 

pathogens. This management direction is based on Forest Service policy codified in FSM 

2900 and is intended to provide context for proper invasive species management on the 

ground. This section includes management for all invasive taxa including fish and wildlife 

diseases such as white-nose syndrome, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, chytrid fungus, or 

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans that are not native to the Pacific Northwest. 

Management direction for invasive plant management from the 2005 Record of Decision 

for the Pacific Northwest Region Invasive Plant Program Preventing and Managing Invasive 

Plants EIS13 has been brought forward and updated to increase consistency and reduce 

redundancy with national policy.

Invasive species management direction applies forestwide; however, more specific 

management direction for invasive species can be found in the Riparian Management 

Areas, Research Natural Areas, Wilderness, and the Kettle Crest Recreation Area sections in 

chapter 3. 

Desired Condition

FW-DC-IS-01. Integrated Management for Invasive Species

Invasive species (including non-native plants, animals, insects, and pathogens in aquatic and 

terrestrial habitats) do not threaten the capability of the Forest to provide for the desired 

conditions described throughout the Plan. Impacts of invasive species are minimized through an 

integrated approach that emphasizes prevention, early detection, and timely treatment and 

includes cooperative management with neighbors within affected watersheds. In cooperation 

with partners, proactive invasive response plans are prepared or existing plans reviewed to 

facilitate rapid response to new invasions. 

Objectives

FW-OBJ-IS-01. Invasive Plants 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, reduce the density or extent of invasive 

plants by treating an average of 2,000 acres per year. Actively restore an annual average of 

 

13 USDA Forest Service, 2005. Pacific Northwest Region Invasive Plant Program Preventing and Managing Invasive 

Plants and accompanying Record of Decision, US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR.
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50 acres of native vegetation by mulching, seeding, or planting to promote revegetation of 

native plants to help resist introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive plant species.

FW-OBJ-IS-02. Invasive Terrestrial Vertebrate Species 

Address treatment of priority non-native, invasive vertebrate species and their impacts in 

terrestrial habitats within one year of detection. 

FW-OBJ-IS-03. Invasive Insect and Vegetation Disease Pathogens

Address treatment of priority non-native, invasive insect and disease pathogens and their 

impacts within one year of detection. 

Standard

FW-STD-IS-01. Invasive Plant Prevention

Inspect gravel, fill, sand, and rock materials from National Forest System lands and from 

external sources to ensure it is weed free before using on the national forest. Treat and 

quarantine materials from infested sources for a period sufficient to observe weed seed 

germination before use. 

Use only pelletized or certified weed-free feed for pack, saddle and livestock on all National 

Forest System lands.

Use weed-free straw and mulch for all projects conducted or authorized by the Forest Service, 

on National Forest System Lands. 

Clean all heavy equipment, such as bulldozers, skidders, excavators, graders, backhoes, dump 

trucks and logging equipment that will operate outside the road prism before entering National 

Forest System lands to remove invasive plant seeds and material. Clean all vehicles authorized 

by written contract that operate outside of open road (level 2 through 5) prisms before entering 

National Forest System lands.

All agreements, contracts, or special-use permits that allow vehicles and equipment to operate 

outside the road prism on National Forest System lands will contain clauses or language that 

require all vehicles and equipment to be cleaned prior to its use on National Forest System 

lands to prevent introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive species.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-IS-01. Invasive Species Prevention

The method, timing, and intensity of land use activities should not promote the introduction, 

establishment, or spread of invasive species. Instruments such as grazing annual operating 

instructions, special use operating plans, contract clauses, and other specifications, should 

address site-specific invasive species prevention measures such as vehicle and equipment

cleaning, sequencing of activities, and treatment requirements.

FW-GDL-IS-02. Invasive Species – Early Detection and Rapid Response 

Conduct surveillance to detect and respond to invasive species in a timely manner. Principles 

and processes of early detection and rapid response should be used to find, identify, and 

quantify new invasive species occurrences. Early detection and rapid response should be 

integrated with all land management activities to eradicate, control, contain or suppress 
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invasive species including plants; vertebrate and invertebrate animals; and fish, wildlife and 

vegetation disease pathogens. 

FW-GDL-IS-03. Invasive Species Treatment and Restoration 

Invasive species should be prioritized for treatment at the landscape, watershed, or larger 

multiple forest/multiple owner scale. Response plans should be prepared or reviewed in 

coordination with other agencies and landowners. Restoration of ecosystem elements to resist 

re-infestation should be considered as part of treatment prescriptions. Appropriate seeding, 

planting, or mulching methods should be used to rehabilitate degraded sites resulting from 

invasive plants, forest management activities, or other disturbances when necessary to prevent 

reinvasion and promote ecosystem resiliency. 
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FORESTWIDE DIRECTION – SOCIAL SYSTEMS

This section contains desired conditions, objectives, standards, and guidelines for social systems 

including: access, lands and special uses, livestock grazing, minerals, public awareness, 

recreation, renewable forest products, and scenery.
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FOREST TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - ACCESS SYSTEM (AS)

All roads, trails, bridges and docks that are managed by the Forest to provide access on 

National Forest System lands are referred to in this document as the access system. 

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-AS-01. Access System 

The access system of authorized roads, bridges, trails, and docks is safe and sustainable; 

responds to administrative and public needs to the extent practicable; meets obligations to 

public and private cooperators; and is actively managed and adjusted to respond to and balance 

changing social, ecological, and economic conditions. 

The system provides public and administrative access where suitable and supports forest 

management objectives. Road and trail rights-of-way to access National Forest System lands 

address public needs and facilitate planned resource activities. All National Forest System roads 

and trails have legal access for crossing non-National Forest System lands.

The system is maintained commensurate with maintenance levels, levels of use, and available 

funding. Roads, trails, and areas that are open to motor vehicle use are designated through the 

motor vehicle use map. The access system (including non-system and unauthorized roads) are 

assessed at the sub-watershed scale. Determinations regarding excess National Forest System, 

non-system, and unauthorized roads are made at the project level.

The size of the access system is such that each road and trail can be maintained to its assigned 

maintenance level and each bridge meets structural standards. Maintenance standards are set 

considering access needs, use, environmental impacts, and the ability to fund long-term 

maintenance needs. All commercial users and other authorization holders using National Forest 

System roads share in the costs of maintaining the roads they use. 

FW-DC-AS-02. Trail System − Motorized and Non-Motorized

A variety of summer and winter system trails provide a range of difficulty and seclusion levels 

for the various user types; are located in diverse ecological, geological, and scenic settings; and 

minimize user conflicts and impacts to natural and cultural resources. Destination and loop 

opportunities of various lengths are available for a variety of uses. 

Trails are defined, marked, and easily identified on the ground.

A maintained and environmentally sound trail system is in place, providing for user safety and 

access to locations of interest and the use of the Forest (e.g., recreation, minerals, vegetation 

treatment, and fire protection) while protecting the natural and cultural resources through 

which the trail system passes.

Motorized access and travel occurs on a well-designed system of designated National Forest 

System roads and motorized trails that provide loop-riding opportunities, connect trail systems, 

access communities, and link with popular dispersed camping areas.

Trails accessible from populated areas are available for non-motorized opportunities in blocks of 

forest that are free from the sights and sounds of motorized recreation.
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The trail system is accessible from local communities, State, county, and local public roads and 

trails.

FW-DC-AS-03. Trail System – Motorized and Non-Motorized

All system trails, motorized and non-motorized, will be managed for high SIO in the immediate 

foreground distance zone (up to 300 feet unless no alternatives exist) and would assume the 

SIO for the management areas for middleground SIO. 

FW-DC-AS-04. Connections

Where feasible, Forest Service recreation sites are connected to each other and to adjacent 

communities through pathways, trails, bike lanes, and waterways providing opportunities for 

both motorized and/or non-motorized modes of travel.

FW-DC-AS-05. Wilderness Trails

Wilderness trails provide for administrative and public use. They provide for the enjoyment of 

wilderness in a variety of settings and with varying degrees of challenge and opportunities for 

solitude. Trails that function as the main arterials to distribute use across the trailed portions of 

the wilderness or access high-use destinations generally receive regular maintenance. Side trails 

are typically more primitive and may be maintained less frequently. Loop opportunities of 

various lengths are available. 

FW-DC-AS-06. Developed Recreation Sites

Roads accessing developed recreation sites (such as campgrounds, day use sites, and trailheads) 

are maintained at a level generally accessible by passenger vehicle.

FW-DC-AS-07. Managing User Conflicts on Multiple-Use Trails

Trail managers should be proactive in identifying potential user conflicts on multiple-use trails, 

encourage user participation in developing solutions to new and existing sources of conflict, and 

use the best management practices identified through research to minimize user conflict. 

Objectives

FW-OBJ-AS-01. Designated Routes for Off-Highway Vehicle Use 

Motorized mixed-use road designations are reviewed and an average of one new off-highway 

vehicle route is designated annually to achieve one or more of the following objectives: create 

loop-riding opportunities, connect camping areas, access destination overlooks, move routes 

away from ecologically or culturally sensitive areas, and connect communities through and to 

the forest. Coordinate designations with a community collaborative that could include local 

motorized recreation groups, counties and conservation groups to determine priority areas for 

selection, designation and monitoring.

FW-OBJ-AS-02. Trail Management

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, improve drainage, water crossing and 

trail layout on 5 percent of the Forest’s trail system designed for mountain bikes, motorized use, 

and pack stock. 

FW-OBJ-AS-03. Trail Maintenance

Annually, maintain at least 20 percent of the Forest’s motorized and non-motorized trail system.
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Standard

FW-STD-AS-01. Cross-country Over-snow Vehicle Use

Cross-country over-snow vehicle use will be discontinued for the season when areas no longer 

allow for continuous over-the-snow travel to protect other resources such as soil and 

vegetation. 

Guidelines

FW-GDL-AS-01. Winter Use of Roads

In the winter, when and where specified, over-the-snow recreational use (either motorized or 

non-motorized) may be accommodated. Roads may be plowed to accommodate management 

activities such as winter logging or access to winter recreation sites such as Sno-Parks.

FW-GDL-AS-02. Wilderness Trail Structures

Wilderness trail structures should be constructed of native materials when possible. The use of 

non-native fasteners is an acceptable practice. 

FW-GDL-AS-03. Over-snow Vehicle Use on Roads

Over-snow vehicle use should be discontinued for the season when roads no longer allow for 

continuous over-the-snow travel to protect the road base. 

FW-GDL-AS-04. Temporary or Limited Access 

Acquire rights-of-way across non-National Forest System lands as needed to meet resource 

management objectives. Rights-of-way are acquired from landowners using easements, term 

easements, limited easements, or permits for roads crossing private lands. Temporary or limited 

rights-of-way may be acquired when landowners are unwilling or unable to grant full public 

access, or when permanent access is not in the public interest or necessary to address longterm resource management objectives. 

FW-GDL-AS-05. Motorized and Non-motorized Trails

New trails or additions to existing trails should include destinations and loops to provide for a 

variety of opportunities.

New trails should be located to avoid meadows, wetlands, riparian areas, stream bottoms, 

sacred sites, and areas with high concentrations of significant archaeological sites. The number 

of stream crossings should be minimized or mitigated to reduce impacts to aquatic species.

Meadow crossings should be designed or redesigned to maintain or restore hydrologic function.

Trail markings (e.g., signs, blazes) should be designed to complement the character of the 

surrounding lands.

FW-GDL-AS-06. Prohibition on Road Construction and Reconstruction in Inventoried 

Roadless Areas

A road may not be constructed or reconstructed in inventoried roadless areas of the National 

Forest System, except as provided in paragraph (b) of 36 CFR 294.12 (2001 Roadless Area 

Conservation Rule). Notwithstanding this prohibition, a road may be constructed or 

reconstructed in an inventoried roadless area if the Responsible Official determines that one of 

the following circumstances exists (36 CFR 294.12(b)):
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1) A road is needed to protect public health and safety in cases of an imminent threat of 

flood, fire, or other catastrophic event that, without intervention, would cause the loss 

of life or property; 

2) A road is needed to conduct a response action under the Comprehensive 

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or to conduct a natural 

resource restoration action under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, 

Compensation, and Liability Act, Section 311 of the Clean Water Act, or the Oil Pollution 

Act; 

3) A road is needed pursuant to reserved or outstanding rights, or as provided for by 

statute or treaty; 

4) Road realignment is needed to prevent irreparable resource damage that arises from 

the design, location, use, or deterioration of a classified road and that cannot be 

mitigated by road maintenance. Road realignment may occur only if the road is deemed 

essential for public or private access, natural resource management, or public health 

and safety; 

5) Road reconstruction is needed to implement a road safety improvement project on a 

classified road determined to be hazardous on the basis of accident experience or 

accident potential on that road; 

6) The Secretary of Agriculture determines that a Federal Aid Highway project, 

authorized pursuant to Title 23 of the United States Code, is in the public interest or is 

consistent with the purposes for which the land was reserved or acquired and no other 

reasonable and prudent alternative exists; 

7) A road is needed in conjunction with the continuation, extension, or renewal of a 

mineral lease on lands that are under lease by the Secretary of the Interior as of 

January 12, 2001, or for a new lease issued immediately upon expiration of an existing 

lease. Such road construction or reconstruction must be conducted in a manner that 

minimizes effects on surface resources, prevents unnecessary or unreasonable surface 

disturbance, and complies with all applicable lease requirements, land and resource 

management plan direction, regulations, and laws. Roads constructed or reconstructed 

pursuant to this paragraph must be obliterated when no longer needed for the 

purposes of the lease or upon termination or expiration of the lease, whichever is 

sooner.

Maintenance of classified roads is permissible in inventoried roadless areas per 36 CFR 294.12 

(c).

See FEIS Appendix F for maps of inventoried roadless areas. 

HERITAGE RESOURCES (HR)

Remnants of past and current human activities and events that reflect continuous use by 

Native peoples and the exploration, settlement, and management by Euro-American 

cultures can be found throughout the Forest. Cultural resources are nonrenewable with 

few exceptions. Once the resource has been disturbed, damaged, altered, or removed, 
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nothing can recover the information that could have been gained through analysis or 

replace the opportunity for individuals to understand and experience the site. 

All resources on a national forest are managed in accordance with applicable laws, 

regulations, executive orders, and agency directives. Management of heritage resources is 

unique in that management is addressed primarily through law, regulation, executive 

orders and Forest Service Manual and Forest Service Handbook direction with no need for 

additional forest plan direction. These include, but are not limited to the following, and, 

over the life of the plan, there may be changes to these. 

LAWS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS

Antiquities Act of 1906 – Provides for the protection of historic and prehistoric remains or 

any object of antiquity on Federal lands; establishes sanctions for unauthorized destruction 

or appropriation of antiquities: and authorizes scientific investigation of antiquities on 

Federal lands, subject to permit and regulations. Paleontological resources fall under the 

authority of this Act.

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended 2004 – Establishes a program 

for the preservation of prehistoric and historic properties throughout the Nation. It makes 

historic preservation national policy. Section 106 of the Act directs that Federal agencies 

shall take into account the effects of their actions on heritage resources. Section 110 of the 

Act directs Federal agencies to take responsibility for the preservation and management of 

heritage resources that are owned or controlled by the agency.

The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 – Establishes various legal penalties 

for the unauthorized removal of antiquities or artifacts from Federal property, and /or the 

damage or destruction of heritage properties on Federal lands.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 – Defines the rights of 

lineal descendants and Indian tribes to Indian skeletal remains and items or artifacts of 

cultural patrimony that may be held by Federal agencies or institutions.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and National Forest Management Act of 1976 – 

Require Federal agencies to preserve important prehistoric, historic, cultural and natural 

aspects of national heritage.

Executive Order 11593, Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment – 

Declares that the Federal Government shall take the lead in preserving, restoring, and 

maintaining the historic and cultural environment of the Nation; directs the Federal 

Government to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of non-federally owned 

sites; directs Federal agencies to locate, inventory and nominate sites to the National 

Register of Historic Places; directs Federal agencies to ensure that cultural resources are 

not inadvertently damaged, destroyed, or transferred from Federal ownership before the 

completion of inventories and evaluation of sites worthy of National Register nomination 

Executive Order 13287, Preserve America – Directs Federal agencies to build partnerships 

with local governments, Indian tribes, and the private sector to preserve heritage 

properties, and promote heritage tourism. Agencies are to improve planning and 

accountability for heritage properties, assess the current status of heritage properties, 

track progress in managing heritage properties, and improve the stewardship of heritage 

properties.
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Desired Condition

FW-DC-HR-01. Consistency with Law, Regulation, Executive Orders, and Directives

Heritage resources on the national forest, including known Native American sacred sites and 

traditional cultural properties, are preserved, protected, and/or restored per applicable law, 

regulation, executive order, and directives. As appropriate, eligible and historically significant 

heritage properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Forest’s priority 

heritage assets are protected and preserved per applicable law, regulation, executive order, and 

directives. Opportunities to connect people with the heritage of the land are provided.

Forest facilities that are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places are available for 

continued use, for Forest administration, public recreation and interpretation, and Tribal events, 

as appropriate. Important archaeological artifacts and sites are protected per applicable law, 

regulation, executive order, and directives.

Standard

FW-STD-HR-01. Heritage Program Managed to Standard 

Continue to follow Forest Service Manual (FSM) 2360 - Heritage Program Management. FSM

2360 provides direction on heritage program management.

AMERICAN INDIAN RIGHTS AND INTEREST (AI)

American Indian tribes are sovereign nations. The United States has a fiduciary relationship 

with Tribal governments as set forth in the United States Constitution, statutes, executive 

orders, court decisions, and agreements. This relationship is also known as the Federal 

Trust Duty to American Indians. Therefore, the Forest Service has certain responsibilities to 

American Indian tribes to fulfill the government’s Federal Trust Duty. In meeting these 

responsibilities, the Forest Service must administer their programs in a manner that does 

not interfere with Tribal rights and resources. 

Direction includes, but is not limited to the following, and, over the life of the plan, there 

may be changes to these. 

LAWS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS

The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978, as amended – Legislation passed by 

Congress intended to protect and preserve the traditional religious rights of American 

Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts, and Native Hawaiians. The Act requires Federal agencies to 

consider the effects of their programs on places and practices of religious importance to 

American Indians, Eskimos, and Native Hawaiians. 

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 – Defines the rights of 

lineal descendants and Indian tribes to Indian skeletal remains and items or artifacts of 

cultural patrimony that may be held by Federal agencies or institutions.

Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) (Public Law 110-246, 122 

Stat.1651) Title VIII – Forestry, Subtitle B – Cultural and Heritage Cooperation Authority. 

Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to provide forest products to Indian tribes for 

traditional and cultural purposes; to protect the confidentiality of certain information, 

including information that is culturally sensitive to Indian tribes; to utilize National Forest 

System land for the reburial of human remains and cultural items, including human remains 
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and cultural items repatriated under the Native American Graves Protection and 

Repatriation Act; prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information regarding human 

remains or cultural items reburied on National Forest System land; to ensure access to 

National Forest System land, to the maximum extent practicable, by Indians and Indian 

tribes for traditional and cultural purposes; to increase the availability of Forest Service 

programs and resources to Indian tribes in support of the policy of the United States to 

promote Tribal sovereignty and self-determination; and to strengthen support for the 

policy of the United States of protecting and preserving the traditional, cultural, and 

ceremonial rites and practices of Indian tribes, in accordance with the American Indian 

Religious Freedom Act (42 United States Code 1996). 

Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-278) – Authorizes the Secretary of 

Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior to enter into an agreement or contract with 

Indian tribes meeting certain criteria to carry out projects to protect Indian forest land. 

Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments – 

Directs Federal agencies to establish regular and meaningful consultation and collaboration 

with Tribal governments prior to taking actions that would affect tribes. 

Executive Order 13007, Indian Sacred Sites – Directs Federal agencies to protect sacred 

sites identified by federally recognized tribes and accommodate access to and ceremonial 

use of Indian sacred sites where feasible, avoid adversely affecting the physical integrity of 

such sacred sites and requires consultation with tribes to learn Tribal concerns for sacred 

sites on public lands.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-AI-01. Traditional and Cultural Uses 

Traditional and cultural use information, as provided by federally recognized tribes, is treated 

with respect and integrated into natural resource management planning efforts with 

appropriate sensitivity to the tribe’s views regarding information sharing. American Indian 

values are fully considered in planning proposed actions on the Colville National Forest. The 

Forest maintains sustainable products, uses, values, and services that contribute to the 

American Indians’ way of life and cultural integrity. Access to traditional resources and sacred 

places is considered in all planning efforts. 

FW-DC-AI-02. Tribal Forest Products 

The Colville National Forest recognizes and maintains culturally significant species and the 

habitat necessary to support healthy, sustainable, and harvestable plant and animal populations 

to ensure that rights reserved by Tribes in treaties are protected or enhanced. The Colville 

National Forest recognizes, ensures, and accommodates Tribal access to the Forest for the 

exercise of reserved treaty rights and cultural uses.

Objectives

FW-OBJ-AI-01. Communication Plan 

Over the life of the forest plan, a cooperatively developed communication plan establishes 

coordination with each federally recognized Tribe with historical or treaty interests in Colville 

National Forest lands. 
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FW-OBJ-AI-02. Tribal Consultation 

Consult with Tribes when forest management activities may impact treaty rights and/or cultural 

sites and cultural use, according to individual Tribal communication plans, consultation 

protocols, or policies.

LANDS AND SPECIAL USES (LSU)

The Forest “Lands” program includes activities such as Landownership Adjustment, 

Boundary and Title Management (including land exchanges and acquisitions, granting or 

accepting of easements), and other activities that are primarily real estate-type actions. The 

goals of this program include: (1) consolidating landownership patterns to meet the 

objectives of forest land and resource management plans and to improve land 

management efficiencies; (2) securing and protecting the rights, title, land, and resources 

of public land from unauthorized use and occupancy; (3) providing legally defensible 

boundaries and accurate, complete landownership records of National Forest System lands. 

These program activities will continue and do not change across the action alternatives.

Land acquisition and conveyance contribute to: 

a. The maintenance, restoration, and enhancement of plant, wildlife, and riparian aquatic 

and riparian-dependent resources and habitat including aspects of connectivity, 

foraging and reproduction for threatened and endangered and species of concern. 

b. The protection of significant historical or cultural resources. 

c. The enhancement of recreation opportunities and protection of scenic values. 

d. The protection of congressionally designated areas such as wilderness. 

e. Obtaining access to public land. 

f. A reduction in unauthorized use and occupancy. 

g. A reduction in isolated properties. 

h. Increased management efficiencies. 

All uses of National Forest System lands, improvements, and resources, except those 

provided for in the regulations governing the disposal of timber, minerals, and the grazing 

of livestock, are designated “special uses.” The Forest administers a variety of uses under 

special-use permits, leases, or easements. Management area direction applies to the 

location where improvements are authorized by the special-use permit, lease, or easement. 

Many administrative sites, recreation areas, seed orchards and other areas with high 

capital investments or resource values have been withdrawn from some or all of the 

general land and mining laws. Older withdrawals usually have no expiration or termination 

date. Withdrawals are now subject to Section 204 of the Federal Land Management Policy 

Act of 1976, have a maximum term of 20 years, and are subject to renewal. The Forest 

periodically submits applications for withdrawal renewals, for new areas to be withdrawn, 

or requests the revocation of a withdrawn area when it is no longer needed or suitable for 

the reasons withdrawn. The Secretary of the Interior has the authority to grant or revoke 

withdrawals.
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Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-LSU-01. Lands and Special Uses

Achieve a land ownership pattern and right-of-way acquisition pattern that improves resource 

management and administration, and provide for uses that are in the public interest and cannot 

be provided on private land.

FW-DC-LSU-02. Authorization

All occupancy and use of National Forest System lands is properly authorized. 

FW-DC-LSU-03. Utility Corridors and Communication Sites

Utility corridors and communication sites are used and maintained for operating specialized 

infrastructure. Utility corridors and communication sites provide for the efficient movement 

and distribution of electricity, petroleum products, water, other lineal special uses, and 

communication signals across National Forest System lands. Communication sites are 

designated for private, administrative, and commercial use. Commercial sites are provided, 

within the ecosystem’s capability, where essential to meet a demonstrated public need. The 

Forest telecommunications system adequately supports Forest resource management.

Designated utility corridors and communication sites would be developed to maximum capacity 

before new corridors and communication sites are considered for development. 

Infrastructure and vegetation within energy corridors and communication sites are managed to 

ensure operation of permitted uses blend with the surrounding desired vegetative pattern 

where possible to meet other resource objectives. Infrastructure and vegetation would be 

managed to improve safety and resilience to wildland fire, provide screening, and contribute to 

a natural-appearing landscape character setting appropriate to the surrounding SIO. A map of 

these sites is included in appendix G.

FW-DC-LSU-04. Water Collection and Delivery Systems

Existing water diversions or developments do not measurably alter natural processes of aquatic 

ecosystems. Effects to other resources are minimized by incorporation of best management 

practices and other resource protection measures. New water developments, diversions, or 

allowance for occupancy to divert water from National Forest System lands generally do not 

occur in wetlands and their water source areas, and are discouraged in habitats where 

endangered, threatened, or species of concern reside. 

FW-DC-LSU-05. Recreation Special Uses

Approved recreation special use authorizations support activities that enhance or expand the 

variety of recreational opportunities available on the Forest, are compliant with the Forest’s 

recreation strategy, and are dependent on the resources and settings found within the Forest’s 

boundary. National Forest lands where special use activities have occurred show little evidence 

of impacts. 

FW-DC-LSU-06. Withdrawals

The Forest submits applications for withdrawals from the mining laws, after appropriate level 

NEPA decisions have been made, and where the Forest determines mineral potential is high 

enough that withdrawal is appropriate and necessary to protect capital investment or sensitive 

resource values. The Forest requests revocation of withdrawals when the lands are no longer 

needed for the purpose or programs intended for by the original withdrawal.
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Standards 

FW-STD-LSU-01. Land Acquisition, Conveyance, and Exchange

The Forest has a consolidated land ownership pattern that contributes to ecosystem resilience, 

allows reasonable public and/or Forest Service administrative access where suitable, and 

improves land management efficiencies. There is a downward trend in the number of isolated, 

non-Federal inholdings that occur within the proclaimed Forest boundaries. Congressionally 

designated areas lack private inholdings.

FW-STD-LSU-02. Boundary Management

Boundaries are surveyed, posted, and maintained for visibility in support of all resource 

management activities. Identifiable boundaries and accurate landownership records protect 

National Forest System lands and reduce unauthorized use and occupancy. 

FW-STD-LSU-03. Administration of Authorizations, Trespass and Encroachments

Authorizations are administered to standard. Trespass and encroachments onto National Forest 

System lands are identified and prioritized for removal.

FW-STD-LSU-04. Communication Site Plans

Each commercial communication site is operated and maintained under an approved 

Communication Site Plan, and designated low-power, non-broadcast.

FW-STD-LSU-05. Utility and Communications Structures

New structures will be designed to meet prescribed SIOs. Efforts will be made to rehabilitate 

existing structures that do not currently meet SIOs. 

FW-STD-LSU-06. Commercial Services in Wilderness

When authorizing services that have been determined necessary for wilderness purposes 

ensure that:

• the service provides appropriate wilderness activities such as stock packing, hunting, 

backpacking, or support of other authorized activities such as research. 

• the service can be authorized in locations and times that would not constrain the nonoutfitted public.

• activities are consistent with the desired condition and guidelines of the Wilderness 

Resource Spectrum zone where the service will be provided. Services should be 

authorized only where the provider can meet the requirements to operate in this 

Wilderness Resource Spectrum zone.

• services adhere to established party size limitations. 

Guidelines

FW-GDL-LSU-01. Boundary Marking in advance of Projects

The need for landline boundary marking is identified during project planning. Marking and 

posting of Forest Service boundary lines would occur prior to project implementation. 
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FW-GDL-LSU-02. Authorized Improvements

Private or publicly owned facilities and improvements are authorized through an appropriate 

special use authorization when they meet forest plan direction and are feasible within resource 

constraints (examples include roads, utility lines, or communication sites). Site improvements 

will be removed when they are no longer needed or the authorization terminates.

FW-GDL-LSU-03. Trespass and Encroachment Resolution

Trespass and encroachment cases are resolved at the earliest time possible. Authorizations may 

be issued for short periods to allow the owner of the improvements time to plan, budget and 

implement the removal of the trespass or encroachment. 

FW-GDL-LSU-04. Energy Corridors and Communication Sites

Designated energy corridors and communication sites are used to maximum capacity, where 

feasible, before additional corridors and sites are considered to minimize the number of acres 

encumbered by rights-of-way, leases, permits, or easements. New corridors and sites would be 

located in a way that minimizes effects to forest resources and values. Forest corridor 

designations are consistent with such designations on adjacent federal lands. See appendix G

for a map of these locations.

FW-GDL-LSU-05. Scenic Integrity: New and Upgraded Facilities

When new facilities or upgrades to existing facilities are proposed, permit and lease holders 

would meet the intent of the site’s surrounding SIO by using Forest Service approved site 

designs, building materials, and colors that meet that objective. See SIO map and scenic 

viewshed tables in appendix D. 

FW-GDL-LSU-06. Withdrawal Requests and Revocations

Recommend withdrawals for research natural areas, portions of the Pacific Northwest National 

Scenic Trail and other areas where the Forest determines mineral potential is high and mining 

activity could materially affect those areas. Request revocation of withdrawals where they are 

no longer needed, such as the former location of the Chewelah Ski area.

FW-GDL-LSU-07. Non-commercial Group Use, Recreation Events, and Outfitter and 

Guide Permits

Use should be authorized on lands where vegetation or species habitat conditions are stable or 

resilient to potential impacts of the authorized use. 

Authorizing use in locations or times that would adversely displace or disrupt other recreating 

public should be avoided. 

Commercial outfitters and guides should not be authorized to use developed campgrounds so 

those sites remain available to non-commercial forest visitors.

Commercial outfitters and guides may be authorized use of range developments when there is 

no conflict with allotment management.

Large group and recreation event special uses should not be authorized within wilderness, 

recommended wilderness, eligible “wild” river corridors, or research natural areas to protect 

the unique character of these areas.

Constructed features should be maintained to standard or removed when no longer needed.
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LIVESTOCK GRAZING (LG)

COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL

Permitted livestock grazing on National Forest System lands is managed through a permit 

system that identifies allotments and specific conditions for use of the allotments. The 

Forest Plan provides overall guidance for grazing, with allotment management plans 

providing specific guidance for each allotment. Recreational grazing is an activity associated 

with the recreational use of pack and saddle stock such as horses, mules, llamas, and goats. 

Plan components apply to both commercial and recreational grazing unless specifically 

stated otherwise.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-LG-01. Plant Community Structure and Diversity

The desired structure and diversity of native herbaceous plant communities (including highly 

palatable forage species) are maintained or enhanced through proper livestock management 

principles. Rangelands consisting of native plant communities such as open conifer forests, lowelevation grasslands, shrub-steppe plant communities, and meadows are not adversely affected 

by invasive plant species due to the low coverage present, have stable or improving ecological 

conditions, and are resilient to disturbance events. Rangelands with significant non-native plant 

components have stable or improving soil stability. 

FW-DC-LG-02. Economic and Social Contributions

Rangelands and forestlands provide forage for use by both livestock and wildlife. Grazing 

continues to be a viable use of vegetation on the Forest. Availability of lands identified as suited 

for this use contributes to providing animal products, economic diversity, open space, and 

promotes cultural values and a traditional local life style. Allotments are generally grazed on an 

annual basis. 

Consistent with sustaining other resource desired conditions, a viable level of forage is available 

for use under a grazing permit system where use typically occurs on an annual basis, generally 

between June and October. Riparian and upland areas within allotments reflect ecological 

conditions supporting the desired conditions, including those described in the Wildlife, Aquatic 

and Riparian, Soil, and Vegetation Desired Conditions sections in this Forest Plan. 

FW-DC-LG-03. Deer and Elk Forage on Grazing Allotments

Adequate browse and forage occurs on deer and elk summer and winter ranges within 

commercial grazing allotments during the critical winter period of December 15 to April 1. 

Objective

FW-OBJ-LG-01. Range Improvement Projects

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, recondition or reconstruct an average of 

1 to 4 percent of the existing range infrastructure on National Forest System lands annually.

Such range infrastructure would include water developments, hardened fords, livestock 

handling facilities, and fences.

Within 5 years of a decision being made to implement an Allotment Management Plan, relocate

or reconstruct, at least 75 percent of the identified range infrastructure (for example, water 
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developments, fences, loading chutes, and holding structures) that has become non-functional 

or in need of replacement. 

Standards 

FW-STD-LG-01. Stock Driveways 

Do not authorize stock driveways14 along nationally designated (Recreation and Scenic) trails.

FW-STD-LG-02. Deer and Elk Summer and Winter Range 

Livestock shall be managed within range allotments so that adequate forage is available for deer 

and elk on summer and winter ranges.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-LG-01. Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat in Riparian Areas in 

Grazing Allotments. 

If livestock grazing occurs within areas used by threatened and endangered species, manage for 

conditions for the species or its prey.

FW-GDL-LG-02. Permitted and Recreational Grazing in Congressionally Designated 

Wilderness

Stock should be managed to discourage congregating on trails, destination areas, cultural sites, 

and fragile plant communities.

MINERALS (MIN)

These plan components cover mineral and geological activities that take place within 

National Forest System lands. The Forest has low potential for coal, oil, gas, and geothermal

resource development, and few paleontological resources. The Forest is actively involved in 

the surface resource management and administration of locatable mineral exploration and 

development. The Forest Service consents to the development of leasable minerals on

National Forest System lands and cooperates with the United States Department of Interior 

to administer the lawful exploration and development of leasable minerals beneath the 

national forest. The Forest manages the discretionary disposal of salable minerals from 

National Forest System lands, which includes the sale or free use of common variety 

mineral materials such as sand, gravel, and stone, and similar materials. 

Abandoned mine sites resulting from historical mining activities are administered by the 

Forest to provide for public safety, and manage the release or threatened release of 

hazardous substances. Desired conditions, standards, and guidelines for groundwater are 

located in the Watershed Analysis section in this Plan. Additional desired conditions, 

standards and guidelines for mineral resources are found in the Riparian Management Area 

and Recommended Wilderness Area sections in this Plan. 

 

14 A stock driveway is a term that is used specifically for designating a route for “Livestock trailed over an established 

driveway where there will be no overnight stops on land administered by the Forest Service.” Further clarification for 

designation of a stock driveway is found in Forest Service Manual 2200 Chapter 2230. 
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Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-MIN-01. Mineral Materials Availability

Salable mineral materials are available to Federal, State or local governments for public works, 

and to the public at the discretion of the authorized officer based upon agency needs, public 

interest and community needs, material availability, resource protection and capability. 

Production and administration of mineral material would meet the demand consistent with the 

management of other surface resources as long as the benefits derived exceed the cost and 

impacts of resource disturbance. 

FW-DC-MIN-02. Reclamation and Extraction

Approved mining operations include concurrent, interim and post-operation reclamation 

measures to ensure the long-term function and stability of resources including, but not limited 

to, soil; vegetation; water quality; aquatic, riparian and upland habitats; and scenic integrity 

objectives. 

FW-DC-MIN-03. Abandoned Mine Sites

Abandoned mine land (AML) site inventories will be updated periodically. AML sites are 

prioritized to implement closures and clean-up based on public safety and environmental risks. 

Allocated minerals funding will be leveraged with other funding opportunities to conduct AML 

work. 

Standards

FW-STD-MIN-01. Mineral Leasing

Consent decisions to allow mineral leasing will provide Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 

stipulations for lease management. Once leased, the Forest will actively coordinate and consult 

with BLM regarding lease exploration and development activities. In consultation with the BLM, 

the Forest will recommend BMPs and mitigation as Conditions of Approval to support 

attainment and maintenance of management area desired conditions. 

FW-STD-MIN-02. Mining Operations in Wilderness Areas

All Plans of Operations submitted by an operator which propose significant surface disturbing 

activities in designated Wilderness Areas will require an appropriate examination of validity 

prior to approval.

Guidelines

FW-GDL-MIN-01. Bat Habitat Surveys or Assessment

Prior to closing abandoned mine land features, bat occupancy surveys or habitat assessments 

would be conducted to assess whether the feature is or has been occupied, or provides actual 

or potential habitat. The abandoned mine land closure type would be determined after bat

occupancy or habitat potential is determined.

FW-GDL-MIN-02. Mining Claim Corners

Mining claim corners and improvements will be protected during Forest management activities.
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FW-GDL-MIN-03. Mineral Withdrawals

Minimize the national forest acreage to be withdrawn from mineral entry to that necessary for 

protecting dedicated areas such as administrative sites, developed recreation sites, wilderness, 

research natural areas, seed orchards, wild and scenic rivers, and other areas where capital 

investment or resource values conflict with potential mineral exploration and development.

PUBLIC AWARENESS (PA)

This guidance covers the information, education, collaboration, and interpretation activities 

the Forest engages in. Specific methods and materials used to accomplish the desired 

condition are under the discretion of the Forest and are guided by various rules, 

regulations, and policies.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-PA-01. Information, Education, and Participation

A broad range of people in rural, urban, and underserved populations understand the 

complexities of managing natural resources for the full range of benefits associated with the 

multiple use mission of the Forest Service. A multi-faceted outreach strategy aims to help the 

public understand: 

a) the natural and cultural history of the national forest. 

b) important themes of ecological processes, including fish, plant, and wildlife species 

habitat needs and the importance of disturbance processes. 

c) the human benefits of the National Forest System, including recreational and 

commodity values. 

d) forest regulations and resource protection practices. 

e) safety practices. 

f) potential impacts of human activity on resources, and how to participate effectively in 

national forest decision-making activities. 

Youth are introduced to the natural world and resource management careers. Outstanding 

features of the Forest, such as recreation areas, national trails, and scenic byways are 

interpreted for the public where appropriate. Opportunities for viewing wildlife and plants are 

present and the public is aware of the opportunities. 

FW-DC-PA-02. Cooperation and Community Involvement

Cooperative programs, such as agreements, activities, grants, volunteers, and partnerships, are 

occurring with Federal, State, and county agencies; other nongovernmental organizations; and 

individuals to help achieve Forest goals and improve overall resource management. 

Information, interpretation, and education programs that communicate forest resource 

conditions and opportunities are provided. 

RECREATION (REC)

This guidance applies to recreational settings and natural resource-based recreational 

activities offered on the Forest, from developed opportunities to those that are primitive. 

Recreational settings and natural resource-based recreational activities are managed to 
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meet the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) classifications in which they occur as 

identified on the ROS map in appendix F.

Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-REC-01. Recreation Settings and Experiences

The Forest provides a spectrum of high quality, nature-based outdoor recreational settings and 

opportunities varying from primitive to urban and dispersed to developed where visitors can 

experience the biological, geological, scenic, and cultural resources of the Forest, with an 

emphasis on the natural-appearing character of the forest. 

Dispersed recreation opportunities are available (such as camping, backcountry skiing, boating, 

mushroom and berry picking, hunting, and fishing) and dispersed recreation sites (such as

campsites, vistas, and parking areas) occur in a variety of ROS classes throughout the Forest. 

Facilities for developed and dispersed recreation activities are appropriate for the ROS class and 

scenic integrity objective of the location and are designed to protect natural and cultural 

resources.

Access, parking, regulations, orientation, and safety information are in place to provide safe and 

enjoyable developed and dispersed recreation experiences. 

Inventoried roadless areas maintain their overall roadless character (see FEIS appendix F for 

maps of roadless areas). 

Recreation activities occur within the ability of the land to support them and with minimal user 

conflicts.

Recreation enhances the quality of life for local residents (such as social interaction, physical 

activity, and connection with nature), provides tourist destinations, and contributes monetarily 

to local economies.

Recreation opportunities provide for a variety of skill levels, needs, and desires in partnership 

with recreation permit holders, private entities, volunteer groups, community groups, and 

State, Federal, and Tribal governments.

Visitors can easily access information about recreation activities and safe and proper use of the 

Colville National Forest.

Recreation use does not negatively affect wildlife habitat and populations. Negative interactions 

between people and wildlife are minimized.

The Colville National Forest is free from vandalism and refuse.

“Leave No Trace” principles are practiced.

FW-DC-REC-02. Built Environment - Structures

The structures associated with the built environment that supports dispersed and developed 

recreation are planned, designed, constructed, and maintained to meet requirements for 

accessibility and blend into the surrounding landscape. 
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FW-DC-REC-03. Sustainable Recreation

The recreation program is enhanced by working with multiple interests and partners who 

provide funding, expertise and labor to enhance, restore, and maintain recreational 

opportunities that are aligned with community goals.

Standard

FW-STD-REC-01. Built Environment - Structures

All new structures associated with the built environment blend with the surrounding landscape 

and meet the ROS class and SIO design elements associated with the natural setting in which 

they are located. All new structures meet the appropriate regulations for accessibility. Existing 

facilities are reconstructed or maintained to meet the ROS and SIO design standards for the 

area in which they are located and to meet requirements for accessibility. 

Guidelines

FW-GDL-REC-01. Recreation Opportunities

Recreation-related project-level decisions and implementation activities should be consistent 

with mapped classes and setting descriptions in the ROS and meet appropriate screening and 

SIOs. 

Food and other items that attract wildlife should be managed to prevent reliance on humans 

and to reduce human-wildlife conflicts.

Constructed features should be maintained to standard or removed when no longer needed.

FW-GDL-REC-02. Dispersed Recreation

In dispersed areas, the priority for facilities or minor developments should be access and 

protection of the environment, rather than the comfort or convenience of the visitors.

FW-GDL-REC-03. Site Design

The Rocky Mountain Province architectural style should be incorporated in the design of 

recreation facilities to remain consistent with the Forest’s existing structures and the direction 

contained in the Built Environment Image Guide.

RENEWABLE FOREST PRODUCTS (RFP)

Forest products are products collected from the national forest for commercial, personal, 

Native American Tribal, educational, and/or scientific purposes. This section refers to two 

categories of forest products: those referred to as “special forest products” as defined by 

FSH 2409.18-80, 2008, and those considered merchantable wood products. 

Examples of special forest products can include but are not limited to bark, berries, boughs, 

bulbs, burls, Christmas trees, cones, ferns, firewood, forbs, mushrooms, grasses, mosses, 

nuts, pine straw, roots, sedges, seeds, transplants, tree sap, wildflowers, fence material, 

posts and poles, shingle and shake bolts, and rails. 

Examples of merchantable timber products can include, but are not limited to sawtimber, 

pulpwood, non-sawlog material removed in log form, biomass and other wood fiber 

products.
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Desired Conditions 

FW-DC-RFP-01. Commercial Products

Provide a sustainable level of timber products for current and future generations. Production of 

timber from National Forest System lands contributes to an economically viable forest products 

industry and regularly meets the average decadal allowable sale quantity.

FW-DC-RFP-02. Products Available

A variety of renewable forest products of social, spiritual, and economic value are reasonably 

available to the public. Special forest products and merchantable timber products are 

ecosystem services provided to contribute to economic sustainability, social desires, or cultural 

needs. 

Guideline

FW-GDL-RFP-01. Special Permits

Harvest of special forest and botanical products is approved through an appropriate permitting 

system when such harvest is done in a sustainable manner, while protecting resources and 

continuing to provide products for current and future generations. 

SCENERY (SCE)

Scenery is managed through the scenery management system. The desired conditions for 

scenery are presented in the plan components below, and in the valued landscape

character descriptions, scenic viewshed tables, and scenic integrity objective (SIO) map in 

appendix D. The map prescribes the range of SIOs for all landscape areas (acres). 

The valued landscape character descriptions do not replace other desired conditions, such 

as vegetation. Rather, the vegetation desired conditions are a key component of the valued 

landscape character. 

SIO zones overlay the management areas. The direction for scenery management applies to 

all management areas. Applicability of plan direction is guided by the principle that where 

there is an overlap of scenery management direction with other plan components, the 

most restrictive plan direction applies. For example, a scenic byway can overlay a Wild and 

Scenic River and Riparian Management Area, where all sets of forest plan components 

might appear to apply. However, in this case, the direction for the management area with 

the most restrictive SIO would apply.

Desired Condition

FW-DC-SCE-01. Maintain and Enhance Scenery

The scenery of the Forest enhances the experience of visitors and contributes to the quality of 

life of communities whose backdrop is National Forest System lands. The valued landscape 

character is maintained and enhanced and SIOs are met. 

Opportunities exist to view high-quality scenery that represents the natural landscape character 

of the region and / or a landscape with unusual features. Views from key viewing locations 

(such as vista points, scenic pullouts, and interpretive sites) are not blocked by vegetation and 

are not affected by new structures and utilities. Vegetation management contributes to 
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90

seasonal color and texture, age classes, and a variety of plant communities and maintains longterm vigor and health of the vegetation. Enhancement opportunities exist to increase positive 

scenic attributes where few currently exist, such as highlighting large tree boles or opening 

views to geologic features and distant viewpoints along viewsheds.

Objectives

FW-OBJ-SCE-01. Scenic Integrity Objectives

Within 5 years of plan approval, and every 5 years after, evaluate scenery management 

monitoring results and implement appropriate management adjustments with the emphasis on 

improving the sustainability of desired landscape character in landscape areas of highest 

expectations for scenic integrity levels in concern level 1 and concern level 2 scenic viewsheds. 

FW-OBJ-SCE-02. Desired Landscape Character 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, move 10 percent of travel route scenic 

viewsheds foreground and middleground areas of concern level 1 or concern level 2 toward 

meeting SIOs. 

Standard

FW-STD-SCE-01. Maintain and Enhance Scenery

New structures will be designed to meet prescribed SIOs. Efforts will be made to rehabilitate 

existing structures that do not currently meet SIOs. 

Guidelines 

FW-GDL-SCE-01. Scenic Integrity Levels

Project-level activities should be planned and designed to meet the established desired SIOs 

assigned to the management area (see appendix D). 

Short-term deviations (3 to 6 years) to the existing scenic integrity of an area should be limited 

to the immediate surroundings of the stand, recreation attraction, or feature of concern. 

Rehabilitation actions may be taken when scenic integrity is compromised by atypical 

disturbances, such as uncharacteristic wildfires, insect or disease outbreaks, or floods. 

Treatments should not diminish the scenic quality more than the anticipated disturbance would 

have. Enhancement actions may be taken to increase positive scenic attributes in the viewshed, 

such as exposing large tree boles or geologic features for viewing.

In landscape areas where an ecosystem is out of the historical range of variability, the forest 

setting may exist at a lower scenic integrity during treatment activity and recovery to restore 

and sustain the landscape character to the assigned SIO. No more than one-third of project 

landscape area would be lowered by one scenic integrity level in sensitive scenic viewsheds 

where the SIO is high or moderate to avoid having too much landscape being altered in a short 

time frame and to minimize visual effects. Treatments would be implemented in phases over a 

longer (5 to 15 years or longer) time period if multiple treatments are needed to achieve the 

desired results. Up to 30 percent of a project area may be lowered from prescribed SIO by one 

level in a staged time frame (first treatment in 5 years, second treatment 5 to 10 years, third 

treatment 10 to 15 years, life of plan) depending on scenic concern sensitivity level, viewshed

seen area, and scope of project.
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FW-GDL-SCE-02. Rustic Architectural Style

Rustic architecture of the Rocky Mountain Province should be used when building new facilities 

at recreation sites and administrative compounds. Developments should be consistent with the 

history and landscape character of the site. Choose facility and structure design, color of 

materials, location, and orientation to meet the scenic integrity objective for the management 

area. 

FW-GDL-SCE-03. Management Activities in Scenic Viewsheds

Management activities will be designed and implemented to achieve, at minimum, the level of 

scenic integrity assigned to the landscape area. (See appendix D for SIO map and Scenic 

Viewshed Table.) 

FW-GDL-SCE-04. Rehabilitation of Scenic Viewsheds

Rehabilitate existing project areas and other areas that do not meet scenic integrity objectives. 

See appendix D for definitions of scenic integrity objectives/levels. Set priorities for 

rehabilitation considering the following:

• Relative importance of the area and amount of deviation from the scenic integrity 

objectives. 

• Foreground of high public use areas has highest priority. 

• Length of time it will take natural processes to reduce the visual impacts so that they 

meet the prescribed scenic integrity objectives. 

• Length of time it will take rehabilitation measures to meet the prescribed scenic integrity 

objectives. 

• Benefits to other resource management objectives to accomplish rehabilitation. 

FW-GDL-SCE-05. Vegetation Management

Plan, design, and locate vegetation manipulation on a scale that retains the color and texture of 

the landscape character, borrowing directional emphasis of form and line from natural features.

FW-GDL-SCE-06. Nationally Designated Trails

National recreation trails and the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail on National Forest 

System lands will be managed for high SIO in the seen area from the foreground of the trail 

zone.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)

Integrated pest management is needed on the Colville National Forest, often for invasive 

species and sometimes also for native pest species (for example bark beetles). We plan for 

response to damaging pests at programmatic and/or project levels to be able to rapidly 

respond to new outbreaks and infestations before they have the potential for widespread 

damage. The management direction in this section applies to all management areas 

forestwide, additional management area direction may be found within other management 

areas in chapter 3. 
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Desired Condition 

FW-DC-IPM-01. Integrated Pest Management

Unwanted plant, animal (vertebrate and invertebrate), and pathogen species are prevented, 

suppressed, contained, controlled or eradicated. Native insects and plant and animal disease 

pathogens exist at endemic levels. Forests are managed for resilience to pests and pathogens 

and to maintain native plant communities. Proactive pest response plans are prepared, or 

existing plans reviewed, in cooperation with partners, to facilitate rapid response to new pest 

outbreaks and infestations. 

Objective

FW-OBJ-IPM-01. Integrated Pest Management

Damaging plant, animal, and insect pest outbreaks are prevented, suppressed, contained, 

controlled, or eradicated in a timely manner in accordance with proactive pest response plans. 

New outbreaks are addressed within one year of detection through the life of the plan. 

Standards 

FW-STD-IPM-01. Integrated Pest Management

Use an integrated pest management approach to design projects to minimize or eliminate risks 

of adverse effects from treatment while effectively responding to the pest. Cooperate with 

other Federal, State, and county agencies and other citizens to take an all-lands approach to 

pest management. Intervention may occur when native and non-native pests (insects and 

disease pathogens) are not operating in their characteristic role or when site-specific objectives 

(for example, impacts to key watersheds, increased wildfire hazard, potential impacts to the 

recovery of threatened or endangered species, or maintaining late and old forest structure) are 

at risk from native or invasive species. 

FW-STD-IPM-02. Pesticide Use and Risk Assessment 

Pesticides (including herbicides) may be considered, as appropriate, within all management 

areas, to respond to native and invasive pests as part of an integrated pest management plan. 

Minimize use of formulations or tank mixes involving plausible harm to human health, soil 

organisms, water quality, non-target plants, non-target animals (including invertebrates), 

amphibians, or fish. Use best available science in pesticide risk assessments to inform decisions 

about pesticide use. 

FW-STD-IPM-03. Public Notification 

Notify the public prior to using pesticides (including herbicides) within the national forest. Use 

media such as newspapers, websites, mailings, and/or posting on the ground. 

Guideline

FW-GDL-IPM-01. Minimize Reliance on Pesticides

Pest management should be planned and conducted to minimize reliance on pesticides by using 

a combination of effective treatment options and treating pest outbreaks in a timely manner. 
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93

Chapter 3

MANAGEMENT AREAS 

This section contains descriptions, desired conditions, objectives, standards and guidelines, and 

suitable uses for all management areas. A map of these areas is located in appendix H of this 

Plan. 

Colville National Forest management areas: 

Administrative and Recreation Sites

Backcountry

Backcountry Motorized

Focused Restoration

General Restoration

Nationally Designated Trails

Research Natural Areas

Riparian Management Areas

Scenic Byways

Kettle Crest Recreation Area

Wild and Scenic Rivers (eligible)

Wilderness – Congressionally Designated

Wilderness – Recommended

MANAGEMENT AREA DESCRIPTIONS AND PLAN DIRECTION

Management area desired conditions are specific to each management area.

Management areas are broadly described areas where general management intent is 

similar. The purpose of management areas is to provide consistent guidance for similar 

portions of National Forest System lands when implementing or continuing management 

activities. Where not superseded by management area specific direction, forestwide 

desired conditions, objectives, standards and guidelines apply within management areas

(see forestwide direction for air, soils, vegetation, water resources, wildlife, and social 

systems in chapter 2). 

Some management areas, such as Riparian Management Areas, naturally overlap with 

other management areas. Combinations of activities or uses are dependent on site-specific 

conditions, making it unreasonable to include all combinations and the applicable plan 

direction within the forest plan. Therefore, applicability of plan direction is guided by the 

principle that, where management areas overlap, the most restrictive plan direction applies 

depending on site-specific conditions and the activity or use. 
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AREAS WITH SPECIAL DESIGNATIONS

Some management areas also have special designations because of unique or special 

characteristics and are formally designated by statute or through administrative actions. 

The table below lists areas that have existing statutory designations, recommended or 

eligible areas for new designation by statute, areas with existing administrative 

designations, as well as areas proposed for new administrative designations.

Table 17. Colville National Forest management areas with special designations 

Designation type Area designation Administrative location 

(ranger district)

Nationally Designated Trails Pacific Northwest National Scenic 

Trail 

Forestwide

Kettle Crest National Recreation 

Trail

Republic/Three Rivers

Pass Creek-Grassy Top Sullivan Lake

Shedroof Divide Sullivan Lake

Lakeshore (aka, Sullivan Lake) Sullivan Lake

Wilderness-Congressionally 

Designated

Salmo-Priest Wilderness Sullivan Lake

Wilderness-Recommended Abercrombie-Hooknose* Sullivan Lake/Three 

Rivers

Salmo-Priest Adjacent* Sullivan Lake

Bald Snow* Republic/Three Rivers

Wild and Scenic Rivers- Eligible Kettle* Three Rivers

South Fork Salmo* Sullivan Lake

Research Natural Areas Bunchgrass Meadows Sullivan Lake

Fire Mountain* Republic

Hall Ponds* Republic

Halliday Fen Sullivan Lake

Maitlen Creek Sullivan Lake

Round Top Mountain Sullivan Lake

Salmo Sullivan Lake

Scenic Byways Sherman Pass Scenic Byway Republic/Three Rivers

North Pend Oreille Scenic Byway Sullivan Lake

International Selkirk Loop Sullivan Lake

Kettle Crest Recreation Area Kettle Crest Recreation Area* Republic/Three Rivers

*New, eligible, or recommended designation
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ADMINISTRATIVE AND RECREATION SITES (ARS)

This management direction applies to those sites listed as administrative or developed 

recreation areas and sites in the Forest Service corporate database (INFRA15). See appendix 

G. 

Administrative sites listed in INFRA can include, but are not limited to, district offices / 

compounds, remote work centers, warehouse sites, look outs, seed orchards and 

administrative residence sites. Developed recreation sites listed in INFRA can include, but 

are not limited to, campgrounds, picnic areas, trailheads, Sno-Parks, alpine ski areas, 

recreation residence tracts, interpretive sites, and boating sites. Special-use permit areas 

can include water improvements and other utilities.

Both administrative and developed recreation site management area boundaries are 

defined by the footprint of the site plus a 300-foot area extending beyond the footprint. 

This accommodates management activities necessary for the safe use and occupancy of the 

site. When a special-use authorization defines the site, the special-use permit boundary

determines the boundary of the management area. 

Note that while all forestwide resource plan components do apply to these areas, certain 

plan components associated with vegetation, water resources, riparian management areas, 

wildlife, and soils will need to be integrated into the sustainable design of administrative 

and recreation sites at a scale where the functionality of each site regarding human health, 

safety, and usability are maintained while meeting the intent, where possible, of the 

resource plan components applicable to the area’s natural setting.

These management areas are generally small in scale and occur as a place or feature on the 

landscape. Exceptions may be areas such as mountain resorts and recreation residence 

tracts that can cover substantial acreage in comparison to other developed recreation sites. 

Most administrative sites, developed recreation areas, recreation sites and other areas

have been withdrawn from location and entry under the Mining Law of 1872, as amended

(see appendix G). However, sites are not withdrawn under the mineral leasing laws, or laws 

affecting the disposal of mineral materials (salable). 

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-ARS-01. Resource Conditions

Administrative and recreation sites are places where structures and human-caused vegetation 

changes may be seen but they do not dominate the view or attract attention. The scenic 

integrity objectives would range from low to moderate to high with seed tree orchards 

potentially being in the low range and in administrative or developed recreation sites in the 

moderate to high scenic integrity levels. Ecological conditions (including wildlife, aquatic, soil, 

and vegetation) and landscape appearances can be outside of their natural range. Human 

activities in the areas visible for administrative and recreation sites (foreground to middle 

ground, 300 feet to 4 miles) should not attract attention or stand out, and the landscapes 

should appear natural (moderate to high scenic integrity). Vegetation can be manipulated to 

accommodate occupancy and use, and to protect or enhance recreational opportunities.

 

15 INFRA is a corporate infrastructure database application used by the Forest Service to manage information on 

national resources such as buildings, trails, roads, wilderness areas, and water systems.
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Forest vegetation in administrative and recreation sites is healthy (species, size, and age) and 

complements administrative and recreational activities, scenery, and human safety.

MA-DC-ARS-02. Setting and Activities

The setting is often, but not always, roaded to facilitate administrative and/or public use of the 

area. Administrative and recreation sites are designed and managed to meet the Roaded 

Natural ROS classification and the assigned scenic integrity objective for the area in which they 

are located. 

Recreation sites provide opportunities for people to camp, obtain information, access trails and 

water bodies, and participate in day-use activities (such as picnic areas, fishing piers, boat 

launches, scenic overlooks, wildlife viewing sites, interpretive/heritage sites). 

Administrative sites provide the facilities necessary to carry out the mission of the Forest 

Service and can include offices, communication sites, storage areas, housing, stock corrals, 

pastures, and weather stations.

MA-DC-ARS-03. Developments and Improvements

Facilities for administrative and recreation sites are maintained; accessible; provide for user 

safety, comfort, and convenience; and complement the Forest’s natural character. Major site 

modifications and facility installations may be present. Facilities range from primitive to highly 

developed, with an emphasis on blending the facilities with the landscape. 

Trails are well marked and may include features such as loop systems or interpretive 

information.

MA-DC-ARS-04. Travelways, Roads

A wide spectrum of travelway types are present, ranging from maintenance level 1 through 5 

roads (primitive roads to highways) to trails and waterways. Roads are gated, closed by 

barricade, or seasonally restricted for reasons including resource protection, recreation 

management, or use and occupancy of the site. The density of National Forest System roads is 

not limited on administrative or recreation sites. 

MA-DC-ARS-05. Winter Recreation Resorts

Special-use authorizations allow the private sector to develop, maintain, and operate highly 

developed winter recreation facilities where appropriate. Ski areas are able to provide parking, 

adequate room for skiers on the slopes, and facilities offering restrooms, warmth, and food.

Other outdoor recreation activities permitted by law and compatible in this national forest 

setting may be authorized to increase the recreational opportunities provided on the Forest and 

contribute monetarily to local economies.

Ski areas generally have a mix of native vegetation and man-made grassy openings intermixed 

with forested or partially forested areas and rocky outcroppings. Forested areas may act as 

cover for wildlife species, or habitat for plant species, contributing to the composition, 

structure, and pattern typical of the vegetative systems, but are not required to be within their 

natural range of variability or to meet forestwide habitat requirements. 
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MA-DC-ARS-06. Group Recreation Sites

The forest’s recreation program meets the increasing public demand for large (100+ people) 

group sites in developed and dispersed recreation settings.

MA-DC-ARS-07. Recreation Site Improvements

Recreation sites meet current accessibility guidelines and site design standards for modern 

recreational vehicles that are appropriate for the ROS classification in which the sites are 

located. Forest recreation staff actively pursue internal and external opportunities for funding 

to increase the pace of recreation site reconstruction and the updating of major and minor 

constructed features.

Objectives

MA-OBJ-ARS-01. Large Group Sites

Within 15 years of plan implementation, provide a minimum of one large (100+ person 

capacity) group site for day or overnight use in a location where there is a demonstrated need 

identified through public demand.

MA-OBJ-ARS-02. Parking Capacity for Sno-Parks and Trailheads

Within 15 years of plan implementation, increase parking capacity at one Sno-Park and one 

trailhead where use exceeds designed parking lot capacity on more than 25 percent of 

weekends. 

Standards

MA-STD-ARS-01. Water Drafting Sites

When water drafting sites must be located in developed recreation sites, operational hours 

must be outside of quiet hour regulations, which are generally 10 pm to 6 am. Water drafting 

may occur from 6 am to 10 pm.

MA-STD-ARS-02. Vegetation Management 

Vegetation, such as hazard trees, that threatens visitor safety at the site must be felled or 

removed. Vegetation or excess fuels that interfere with the primary use of the site must be 

treated through methods that retain the primary purpose of the site. This includes, but is not 

limited to, mechanical vegetation treatments or the use of fire.

Guidelines

MA-GDL-ARS-01. Site Capacity and New Construction

Recreation facilities may be managed at or near full capacity. Areas where recreation demand 

exceeds capacity should be managed to increase capacity relative to anticipated recreation 

trends, or alternatively, to limit use or unacceptable social and resource impacts, or a 

combination of both.

MA-GDL-ARS-02. Resource Management Applicable Guidance

Forestwide desired conditions and design criteria for vegetation (with the exception of the 

Biological Legacies plan components for snags and coarse woody debris), water resources, 

riparian management areas, wildlife and soils should be implemented when making 
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management decisions in administrative and recreation sites. These resource decisions should 

be integrated into the sustainable design of the site and allow for human health and safety and 

the full functionality of the site for human use and occupancy. Coarse woody debris may be 

retained or removed from a site when it contributes to, or interferes with, site design, 

delineation, or use. 

MA-GDL-ARS-03. Winter Recreation Resorts

Dispersed camping is generally not suitable for these areas. 

Prescribed fire and wildfire used to achieve resource objectives may be suitable for enhancing 

area operations or reducing fuel accumulations. 

Existing resorts should be retained if they continue to serve the public interest.

MA-GDL-ARS-04. Built Environment - Structures

New developments should blend with the surrounding landscape and should meet the ROS and 

SIO design elements associated with the area in which the developments are located.

MA-GDL-ARS-05. Water Drafting Sites

Water drafting sites should be located outside of developed recreation sites and managed to 

minimize adverse effects on the recreating public. Drafting equipment should not restrict access 

to boat launches, docks, trails, parking areas, or campsites.

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-ARS-01. Suitable Uses

Table 18. Suitable uses for Administrative and Recreation Sites Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X (In recreation 

sites)

X (In administrative 

sites)

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X** 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or play 

areas

X 

(In campgrounds 

with designated 

motorized trails) 

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountry

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

BACKCOUNTRY (BC)

This section provides management direction for Backcountry Management Areas. 

Backcountry Management Areas emphasize summer and winter non-motorized recreation 

opportunities and can include foot, horse, and mechanized (e.g., mountain bikes) modes of 

travel. Motorized recreation is not allowed in Backcountry Management Areas. 

Backcountry Management Areas are spatially defined by the upper reaches of watersheds 

identified in the 2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule Inventoried Roadless Areas maps,

the roadless areas identified during the plan revision wilderness evaluation process, and 

include wildlife habitats such as grizzly bear recovery areas, deer/elk winter range, and 

threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant communities.

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-BC-01. Vegetation 

The landscape is natural-appearing. It contributes to the variety of native plant communities 

and the structure as defined in desired conditions for vegetation, aquatic, and wildlife habitats. 

The desired conditions for vegetation are achieved through a combination of ecological 

processes and management activities. While the landscape is predominantly natural-appearing, 

a few locations have a vegetation structure that is altered to contribute to the recreational 

setting such as openings created and retained for scenic views. The scenic integrity objective is

high.
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MA-DC-BC-02. Habitat

These areas contribute to preserving natural behaviors and processes that sustain wildlife 

populations, provide connectivity and contribute aquatic, plant, and wildlife habitat conditions 

for species that benefit from low human use (these areas provide a high level of habitat 

effectiveness). 

MA-DC-BC-03. Recreation Setting and Activities 

These areas display natural landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur (very high 

scenic integrity) and provide primitive or semi-primitive non-motorized recreation 

opportunities. They provide an unroaded setting for a variety of summer and winter 

recreational opportunities. Seasonal use restrictions occur for the purpose of resource 

protection and recreation management. Human-caused changes from management actions 

related to recreation are limited in scale, generally not visibly evident, and reflect a semiprimitive non-motorized recreational opportunity setting.

MA-DC-BC-04. Developments and Improvements

Facilities (whether Forest Service or under permit) are those necessary to protect resources, 

provide for safety, public benefit, or to enhance semi-primitive recreation experiences. Facilities

are few and include such things as fire lookouts, radio repeaters, administrative buildings, 

trailheads, trails, signs, bridges, and shelters (see direction under Administrative and Recreation 

Sites Management Area) as well as facilities needed for resource protection such as toilets, 

stock containment systems, fences, or water developments. 

MA-DC-BC-05. Travelways, Roads 

There are no National Forest System roads. Other travelways, such as trails, are present. 

MA-DC-BC-06. Existing and Proposed Uses 

Existing and proposed recreation activities enhance or maintain recreation opportunities that 

trend toward the semi-primitive non-motorized/primitive end of the ROS. 

Standard

MA-STD-BC-01. Motor Vehicle Use 

Motor vehicle use is prohibited. The following vehicles and uses are exempt from the motor 

vehicle use prohibition:

• Aircraft

• Use of any fire, military, emergency, or law enforcement vehicle for emergency purposes

• Authorized use of any combat or combat support vehicle for national defense purposes

• Law enforcement response to violations of law, including pursuit

• Motor vehicle use that is specifically authorized under a written authorization issued 

under Federal law or regulations

• Limited administrative use by the Forest Service

• With written authorization
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Guidelines

MA-GDL-BC-01. Trail Use

Mechanized and non-motorized modes of travel may occur.

MA-GDL-BC-02. Trail Maintenance

Motorized and non-motorized equipment may be used for trail maintenance to preserve the 

semi-primitive non-motorized character. 

MA-GDL-BC-03. Campsite Development 

Areas appropriate for camping should only be designated if necessary to resolve resource issues 

and not to accommodate increasing levels of use. Generally limit recreational site structures to 

one fire ring and naturally occurring rock or log seats. Authorized recreation developments 

(such as hitch-racks, high-lines, or site hardening) should only be installed where they would 

reduce or eliminate a proliferation of resource impacts and only in locations where other less 

intrusive tactics (i.e., education and enforcement) would not contain the impacts. 

Developments should be removed when no longer serviceable or needed. 

MA-GDL-BC-04. Pets 

Pets (such as dogs or other domestic animals that are not categorized as stock) may be allowed 

so long as their presence does not interfere with wildlife or contribute to resource impacts or 

user conflicts. Pets should be fully controlled by their owner through voice commands, a leash, 

or other restraint (such as a shock collar).

MA-GDL-BC-05. Fire 

Wildland fire should generally be allowed to play its natural role of influencing natural processes 

and scenic values. Trail infrastructure should be protected. Planned ignitions should be 

considered to create favorable conditions that enable naturally occurring fires to return to their 

historic role. 

MA-GDL-BC-06. Use of Live Trees 

Live trees may be cut for administrative purposes such as trail bridge maintenance or 

construction, in compliance with the 2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule (RACR) (see FWGDL-VEG-05). 

MA-GDL-BC-07. Invasive Plants 

Manual, biological, cultural, or chemical treatments may be authorized to eradicate, reduce, or 

control populations of invasive plants.

MA-GDL-BC-08. Environmental Clean-up 

Environmental clean-up projects (such as mine remediation, chemical spills, aircraft recovery, 

building removal) should occur promptly following an activity or incident. Project design should 

provide a greater long-term benefit than long-term impact.
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Suitable Uses

MA-SU-BC-01. Suitable Uses

Table 19. Suitable uses for Backcountry Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, personal use X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X**

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or 

play areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

(Recommend against) 

*Forest Service has consent authority for leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits and 

leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry
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BACKCOUNTRY MOTORIZED (BCM)

This section provides management direction in Backcountry Motorized Management Areas. 

Backcountry Motorized Management Areas emphasize summer and winter motorized 

recreation opportunities and can include off-highway vehicles, motorcycles, jeeps, and 

over-snow vehicles. Backcountry Motorized Management Areas also provide opportunities 

for non-motorized recreation activities.

Backcountry Motorized Management Areas are spatially defined by the upper reaches of 

watersheds in the 2001 Inventoried Roadless Areas, the additional roadless areas identified 

in the plan revision wilderness evaluation process, and wildlife habitats such as grizzly bear

recovery areas, deer/elk winter range, and threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant 

communities.

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-BCM-01. Vegetation 

The landscape is natural-appearing. It contributes to the variety of native plant communities 

and the structure as defined in desired conditions for vegetation, aquatic, and wildlife habitats. 

The desired conditions for vegetation are achieved through a combination of ecological 

processes and management activities. While the landscape is predominantly natural-appearing, 

a few locations have a vegetation structure that is altered to contribute to the recreational 

setting such as openings created and retained for scenic views and for existing roads. The scenic 

integrity objective is high. 

MA-DC-BCM-02. Habitat

These areas contribute to preserving natural behaviors and processes that sustain wildlife 

populations, provide connectivity and contribute aquatic, plant, and wildlife habitat conditions 

for species that benefit from low human use (these areas provide a high level of habitat 

effectiveness). 

MA-DC-BCM-03. Recreation Setting and Activities 

These areas display natural landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur (very high 

scenic integrity) and provide primitive or semi-primitive recreation opportunities. They provide 

an unroaded setting for a variety of summer and winter recreational opportunities. Seasonal 

use restrictions occur for the purpose of resource protection and recreation management. 

Human-caused changes from management actions related to recreation are limited in scale, 

generally not visibly evident, and reflect a semi-primitive motorized recreational opportunity 

setting.

MA-DC-BCM-04. Developments and Improvements

Facilities (whether Forest Service or under permit) are those necessary to protect resources, 

provide for safety, public benefit, or to enhance semi-primitive recreation experiences. Facilities 

are few and include such things as fire lookouts, radio repeaters, administrative buildings, 

trailheads, trails, signs, bridges, and shelters as well as facilities needed for resource protection 

such as toilets, stock containment systems, fences, or water developments. 

MA-DC-BCM-05. Travelways, Roads 

There are no National Forest System roads. Other travelways, such as trails, are present. 
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MA-DC-BCM-06. Existing and Proposed Uses 

Existing and proposed recreation activities enhance or maintain recreation opportunities that 

trend toward the semi-primitive motorized classification of the ROS. 

Standards

MA-STD-BCM-01. Trail Use

Motorized, mechanized and non-motorized modes of travel are allowed on system trails. If 

conflicts occur between types of trail users, motorized use will be given priority over nonmotorized modes of travel.

MA-STD-BCM-02. Off-Trail Use

Off-trail motorized use is limited to those areas shown on the Forest’s current-year motor 

vehicle use map and over-snow vehicle use map. 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-BCM-01. Trail Maintenance

Motorized and non-motorized equipment may be used for trail maintenance to preserve the 

semi-primitive motorized character.

MA-GDL-BCM-02. Campsite Development 

Areas appropriate for camping should only be designated if necessary to resolve resource issues 

and not to accommodate increasing levels of use. Generally limit recreational site structures to 

one fire ring and naturally occurring rock or log seats. Authorized recreation developments 

(such as hitch-racks, high-lines, or site hardening) should only be installed where they would 

reduce or eliminate a proliferation of resource impacts and only in locations where other less 

intrusive tactics (i.e., education and enforcement) would not contain the impacts. 

Developments should be removed when no longer serviceable or needed (see direction under 

Administrative and Recreation Sites Management Area). 

MA-GDL-BCM-03. Pets 

Pets (such as dogs or other domestic animals that are not categorized as stock) may be 

authorized so long as their presence does not interfere with wildlife or contribute to resource 

impacts or user conflicts. Pets should be fully controlled by their owner through voice 

commands, a leash, or other restraint (such as a shock collar).

MA-GDL-BCM-04. Fire 

Wildland fire should generally be allowed to play its natural role of influencing natural processes 

and scenic values. Trail infrastructure should be protected. Planned ignitions should be 

considered to create favorable conditions that enable naturally occurring fires to return to their 

historic role. 

MA-GDL-BCM-05. Use of Live Trees 

Live trees may be cut for administrative purposes such as trail bridge maintenance or 

construction, in compliance with the 2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule (RACR) (see FWGDL-VEG-05). 
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MA-GDL-BCM-06. Invasive Plants 

Manual, biological, cultural, or chemical treatments may be authorized to eradicate, reduce, or

control populations of invasive plants.

MA-GDL-BCM-07. Environmental Clean-up 

Environmental clean-up projects (such as mine remediation, chemical spills, aircraft recovery, 

building removal) should occur promptly following an activity or incident. Project design should 

provide a greater long-term benefit than long-term impact.

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-BCM-01. Suitable Uses

Table 20. Suitable uses for Backcountry Motorized Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (nontimber harvest)

X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, firewood, permitted 

personal use

X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Forest products, personal use X 

(Unless consistent with 

2001 RACR) 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such 

as communication sites, energy 

developments, and/or utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X** 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails 

or play areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

(Recommend against)

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

FOCUSED RESTORATION (FR)

The management emphasis is to restore ecological integrity and ecosystem function at the 

landscape scale, using both active management (mechanical treatment and prescribed fire) 

and passive management (natural processes including disturbances and succession) to 

restore management natural processes and improve resiliency, while emphasizing 

important fish and wildlife habitats.

Spatially, these areas are defined by the key watersheds and wildlife habitat including 

recovery areas or other management units for listed species that were not included in 

Backcountry and Backcountry Motorized Management Areas. Desired habitat conditions 

for aquatic, plant, and wildlife species are found in these areas. 

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-FR-01. Vegetation

The landscape contributes to the variety of native plant communities and the composition, 

structure, and patterns as defined in desired conditions for vegetative systems, aquatic, plant, 

and wildlife habitats. The desired conditions for vegetation are achieved through a combination 

of ecological processes and management activities. While the landscape is predominantly 

natural-appearing, there are some locations where the vegetation composition, structure, or 

pattern is slightly or moderately altered. The scenic integrity objectives would range from low to 

high. 

MA-DC-FR-02. Habitat

These areas contribute important habitat for plant, wildlife, and aquatic species that benefit 

from areas with relatively low road density (see MA-DC-FR-05) and high habitat effectiveness 

(relatively low level of human disturbances). 

Road interaction with surface and sub-surface water is such that it does not result in an increase 

in drainage density and/or accelerated or abnormal hill slope failure. Roads function in a 

hydraulic and geomorphic manner that provides watershed-scale aquatic habitat connectivity 

and contributes to attainment of State water quality standards.

MA-DC-FR-03. Recreation Setting and Activities

These areas provide a setting for a variety of developed and dispersed summer and winter 

recreation activities and contribute to wildlife-related recreational opportunities (such as
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wildlife viewing, hunting, etc.). Seasonal use restrictions occur for the purpose of resource 

protection and recreation management. Human-caused changes from management actions 

related to recreation are limited in scale, naturally appearing, and reflect a roaded natural

recreational opportunity spectrum setting. There are some locations where the vegetation 

composition, structure, or pattern is altered to provide a recreational setting such as openings 

for scenic views.

MA-DC-FR-04. Developments and Improvements

Facilities (whether operated by the Forest Service or under permit) are those necessary to 

protect resources, provide for safety, public benefit, or to enhance roaded natural ROS

experiences. Facilities should reflect the rustic style associated with the Rocky Mountain 

Province character type by using native materials, earth-toned colors and blend into the natural 

landscape as much as feasible. Facilities include campgrounds, boat launches, fire lookouts, 

radio repeaters, administrative buildings, trailheads and trails (see direction under 

Administrative and Recreation Sites Management Area). Improvements are evident and may 

include signs, bridges, fences, shelters, campsites, scenic pullouts/overlooks, interpretive 

displays, stock containment systems and water developments. Concentrated use by the public 

may occur at facilities associated with developed recreation sites. 

MA-DC-FR-05. Travelways, Roads

Road densities vary across the management area; however, there are no more than 1 mile of 

National Forest System road per square mile within the Focused Restoration Management Area

within each subwatershed. Total road density is calculated as miles of National Forest System 

road per square mile of National Forest System lands. This road density calculation does not 

include roads under another jurisdiction, or roads that have been hydrologically stabilized16 and 

impassable to all vehicular traffic, or decommissioned.

Standard

MA-STD-FR-01. Road Construction and Hydrologic Risk Reduction 

In subwatersheds that are functioning properly with respect to roads (per the Watershed 

Condition Framework), there will be no net increase (at least 1 mile of road-related risk 

reduction for every new mile of road construction) in system roads that affect hydrologic 

function. In subwatersheds that are functioning-at-risk or have impaired function with respect 

to roads, there will be a net decrease (for every mile of road construction there would be 

greater than 1 mile of road-related risk reduction) in system roads that affect hydrologic 

function to move toward proper function. Treatment priority shall be given to roads that pose 

the greatest relative ecological risks to riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Road-related risk 

reduction will occur prior to new road construction unless logistical restrictions require postconstruction risk reduction. 

 

16 Road storage and stabilization treatments to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects to water quality, aquatic 

habitat, and riparian resources. Hydrologically stabilized roads minimize road erosion and road hydrologic 

connectivity to the stream system. Practices could include, but are not limited to, removal of culverts and fill 

material that present an unacceptable risk of failure or flow diversion, and suitable measures to ensure the road 

surface will intercept, collect, and remove water from the road surface in a manner that reduces concentrated flow 

in ditches, culverts, and over fill slopes and road surfaces without frequent maintenance. Because hydrologically 

stabilized roads remain on the National Forest System road system, the integrity of the roadway is retained to the 

extent practicable and measures are implemented to reduce sediment delivery from the road surface and fills and 

reduce the risk of crossing failure and stream diversion.
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Suitable Uses

MA-SU-FR-01. Suitable Uses

Table 21. Suitable uses for Focused Restoration Management Area

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X**

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or 

play areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

GENERAL RESTORATION (GR)

Spatially, this area includes all areas not included in another management area. 
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Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-GR-01. Vegetation

The landscape is predominantly natural-appearing to slightly altered to moderately altered, and 

contributes to the variety of native plant communities and the composition, structure, and 

patterns as defined in desired conditions for vegetative systems, aquatic, plant, and wildlife 

habitats. The desired conditions for vegetation are achieved through a combination of 

ecological processes and management activities. While the landscape is natural-appearing, 

there are locations that have a vegetation composition, structure, or pattern that is altered to 

provide a recreational setting such as openings maintained for scenic views; or other desired 

conditions, such as vegetation fuel conditions adjacent to an urban interface. The scenic 

integrity objectives would range from low to high. 

MA-DC-GR-02. Habitat

These areas contribute habitat for plant and wildlife species that are relatively tolerant of 

human activities/disturbances. Habitat effectiveness is expected to be lower for species that are 

sensitive to human activities and disturbances. These areas provide wildlife-related recreational 

opportunities (such as wildlife viewing, hunting, etc.) for species less sensitive to human 

activities and disturbance. 

Road interactions with surface and sub-surface water is such that there is limited potential to 

increase drainage density and/or accelerated or abnormal hill slope failure. Roads function in a 

hydraulic and geomorphic manner that provides watershed and sub-basin scale aquatic habitat 

connectivity and contributes to attainment of State water quality standards. 

MA-DC-GR-03. Recreation Settings and Activities

These areas provide settings for a variety of developed and dispersed summer and winter 

recreation activities. Seasonal use restrictions occur for the purpose of resource protection and 

recreation management. Recreation use is generally dispersed and/or located at recreation 

developments, such as campgrounds. Human-caused changes from management actions 

related to recreation are limited in scale, generally not visually evident, and reflect a roaded 

natural recreational opportunity setting.

MA-DC-GR-04. Developments and Improvements

Facilities (whether operated by the Forest Service or under permit) are those necessary to 

protect resources, provide for safety, public benefit, or to enhance roaded natural recreation 

experiences. Facilities should reflect the rustic style associated with the Rocky Mountain 

Province character type by using native materials, earth-toned colors and blend into the 

landscape as much as feasible. Facilities include campgrounds, boat launches, fire lookouts, 

radio repeaters, administrative buildings, trailheads, and trails. Improvements are evident and 

may include signs, bridges, fences, shelters, campsites or scenic pullouts/overlooks, interpretive 

displays, stock containment systems and water developments. Concentrated use by the public 

may occur at facilities associated with developed recreation sites.

MA-DC-GR-05. Travelways, Roads

Road densities vary across the management area; however, there are no more than 2 miles of 

National Forest System road per square mile within the General Restoration Management Area

within each subwatershed. Total road density is calculated as miles of National Forest System 

road per square mile of National Forest System lands. This road density calculation does not 
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include roads under another jurisdiction, or roads that have been hydrologically stabilized and 

impassable to all vehicular traffic, or decommissioned.

Guideline

MA-GDL-GR-01. Roads 

Limit potential road interactions with surface and sub-surface water by decreasing drainage 

density and/or accelerated or abnormal hill slope failure. When constructing or reconstructing 

roads, do so in a hydraulic and geomorphic manner that provides watershed and sub-basin 

scale aquatic habitat connectivity and contributes to attainment of State water quality 

standards. 

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-GR-01. Suitable Uses

Table 22. Suitable uses for General Restoration Management Area 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal use X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, and/or 

utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X**

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer trails, or play 

areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountry

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

NATIONALLY DESIGNATED TRAILS (NT) 

A national trail system was established by Congress in 1968, through the National Trails 

System Act. The National Trails System is made up of National Scenic Trails (NST), National 

Historic Trails (NHT), National Recreation Trails (NRT), and side/connecting trails. NSTs and 

NHTs may only be designated by Congress. The Secretary of Agriculture may establish 

NRTs. 

Congress designated the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail (PNT) in the 2009 Omnibus 

Public Land Management Act. Approximately 197 miles of the PNT runs through the Colville 

National Forest and private lands from the Washington/Idaho border west to the Forest’s 

boundary with the Okanogan/Wenatchee National Forest. Several sections of the PNT use 

existing trails on the Forest, such as the Kettle Crest National Recreation Trail, the 

Abercrombie Mountain Trail, and the Shedroof Divide National Recreation Trail. Numerous 

sections of the trail are also located on State, county, and National Forest System roads. A 

few sections require cross-country travel. Once the legislatively required Comprehensive 

Plan (and associated NEPA analysis and decision) for the PNT is complete, work will start to 

identify trail routes where none exist and, once trail construction is complete, move the 

trail off its existing road alignments.

17 The PNT’s Comprehensive Plan will include direction 

for the acquisition, management, development, and use of the PNT, and will undergo a 

separate NEPA evaluation. If this management direction is different from that in the Forest 

Plan, direction from the Comprehensive Plan will take precedence. While efforts have been

taken to ensure management direction in the Forest Plan is consistent with the expected 

management direction in the Comprehensive Plan, it may be necessary to amend the 

Forest Plan to include specific direction from the final Comprehensive Plan.

Table 23 displays the trails that are nationally designated on the Colville National Forest. 

Management direction is for all nationally designated trails located within the 

administrative boundaries of National Forest System lands. The corridor where 

management direction applies consists of the foreground viewing area, which is generally 

one-half mile in width either side of the centerline of the trail, including viewpoints, water 

sources, campsites, and spur trails to these features. Where the management area corridor 

overlaps with other management areas, such as wilderness or national scenic byways, the 

most protective management direction applies.

 

17 This plan is consistent with on-going work to develop a Comprehensive Plan for the PNT. If necessary, this Forest 

Plan may be amended in the future to incorporate a final Comprehensive Plan for the PNT.
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Table 23. Nationally designated trails

Trail name Administrative location 

(ranger district)

Approximate miles on 

NFS lands

Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail

(NST) 

Forestwide 140

Kettle Crest National Recreation Trail 

(NRT)

Republic/Three Rivers 44

Pass Creek-Grassy Top (NRT) Sullivan Lake 7.8

Shedroof Divide (NRT) Sullivan Lake 21.8

Lakeshore (aka, Sullivan Lake) (NRT) Sullivan Lake 4.3

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-NT-01. National Recreation Trails 

National recreation trails administered by the Colville National Forest are predominantly located 

on National Forest System lands and may cross a number of jurisdictions and private land where 

the Forest Service may hold legal easements for access and trail protection. The trails outside of 

wilderness are clearly marked and identified for users with the national recreation or scenic trail 

service mark, especially at junctions with side trails and each trail’s termini. Access allows for 

public use, interpretation, and education in a manner that does not impair the feature(s) for 

which the trails were established. Vistas seen from the trails in areas outside wilderness are 

retained through the removal of vegetation.

National recreation trails meet the maintenance standards for the designated trail class and 

managed use, and, where possible, facilitate ease of travel for users with a low to moderate skill 

level, with some exceptions due to topography and remoteness. 

Limited facilities, such as viewing platforms, benches and interpretive signs may be present 

along the trail. Trailheads may offer amenities such as picnic facilities or interpretive 

information that enhances the experience of using the trail. These facilities support the 

outstanding features of the trails and are in harmony with the surrounding environment. 

Areas of high value occurring within the corridor, such as rare plant sites, cultural sites, or 

unique geologic features, are protected.

The immediate foreground (0 to 300 feet) views from the nationally designated trails vary from 

natural-appearing landscapes where human activities do not stand out (high scenic integrity) to 

unaltered landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur (very high scenic integrity).

The foreground and seen area is prescribed a high scenic integrity objective (up to a half-mile 

distance zone or seen area, not just the immediate foreground zone). 

The Kettle Crest, Lakeshore, Pass Creek-Grassy Top, and Shedroof Divide National Recreation 

Trails provide a non-motorized trail experience where visitors can experience the scenic 

qualities of the area.

MA-DC-NT-02. National Scenic Trails 

National scenic trails are congressionally designated areas that pass through a variety of 

physical features, ranging from natural-appearing settings to locations where developments are 

noticeable or dominant. National scenic trails are accessible by non-motorized means, such as 

skis or snowshoes, foot, and by pack and saddle stock. 
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National scenic trails meet pack and saddle stock “more difficult” design and maintenance 

standards for most of their length. Alternative stock routes may be offered in addition to the 

designated trail in locations where hazards (such as slides) are difficult to mitigate.

Road crossings as well as motorized trail crossings are the only evidence of motorized use. New 

road and motorized trail crossings are minimized within the national scenic trail corridor. Where 

possible, trailhead parking facilities are located outside of the trail corridor and are generally 

not visible from the trail. Short spur trails connect the trailhead to the main trail. Outside of 

wilderness, the national scenic trails’ service mark is displayed at road crossings and at 

junctions with side trails. 

Bridges may be present where needed for resource protection or to accommodate those users 

with a moderate skill level.

Degraded destination areas are restored (vegetation is returned to the natural range of 

variability) to provide for public use while improving the immediate foreground view from the 

trail and area focal points such as lakeshores. Outside of wilderness, recommended wilderness 

and inventoried roadless areas, vistas are retained through the removal of vegetation.

The visible foreground (generally one-half mile from the trail's centerline) views from national 

scenic trails vary from natural-appearing landscapes where human activities do not stand out 

(high scenic integrity) to unaltered landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur 

(very high scenic integrity.) The foreground and seen area is prescribed a high scenic integrity 

objective (up to a half-mile mile distance zone or seen area, not just the immediate foreground 

zone). 

Easements are in place for those trail segments crossing non-National Forest System lands. 

Management of national scenic trails is coordinated between the affected managing units. 

The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail provides a non-motorized trail experience where 

visitors can experience the scenic, historic, natural, and cultural qualities of the Colville National 

Forest.

MA-DC-NT-03. Pacific Northwest Scenic Trail Interim Management 

Outside of congressionally designated wilderness, the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail's 

Comprehensive Plan will identify the nature and purpose of the trail, along with trail uses. In 

the interim, uses of the PNT’s corridor must not substantially interfere with its nature and 

purposes. Where segments of the PNT interim route overlay open National Forest System 

Roads, the motorized use on the road may continue. Motorized use identified on the motor 

vehicle use map would continue on open National Forest System roads that are used as sections 

of the interim PNT route. 

Objective

MA-OBJ-NT-01. Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail 

Within 15 years of plan implementation, relocate 10 to 15 percent of the trail miles currently 

located on roads into a non-motorized trail setting.
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Standard

MA-STD-NT-01. Management Actions

Visual impacts from vegetation treatments, planned ignition, recreation uses, and other 

structures will blend with the overall landscape character along nationally designated trails. The 

foreground and seen area from the nationally designated trails will be managed as a high scenic 

integrity objective. 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-NT-01. Uses 

Where segments of the PNT overlay National Forest System roads open to motorized use, the 

motorized use on the road may continue. 

MA-GDL-NT-02. Campsites 

Where possible, campsites should be topographically or vegetatively screened from nationally 

designated trails. 

MA-GDL-NT-03. Wildland Fire Management 

Wildland fire should generally be allowed to play its natural role of influencing natural processes 

and scenic values. Trail infrastructure should be protected. Avoid closures of nationally

designated trails unless the safety risk cannot be otherwise mitigated. 

MA-GDL-NT-04. Wildland Fire Suppression

Creating obvious lasting signs of suppression activities within the visible foreground up to onehalf mile of centerline of nationally designated trails should be avoided. Unavoidable or 

unintentional suppression activities, such as helispots or cut stumps, should be fully 

rehabilitated within view of nationally designated trails. Use of a nationally designated trail 

alignment as a fireline should generally not be authorized. Natural features should instead be 

used for wildland fire containment lines whenever possible near nationally designated trails. 

Use of red chemical fire retardants near nationally designated trails where there would be a 

lasting visual effect should be avoided. 

MA-GDL-NT-05. Trail Markings 

Trail markings (such as signs or blazes) should be designed to complement the character of the 

surrounding lands.

MA-GDL-NT-06. Vegetation Management

Vegetation management may be used as a tool for ecosystem restoration and to retain vistas 

and the desired condition of a natural-appearing landscape. Hauling and skidding along the PNT

should not be allowed, to protect trail integrity. 

MA-GDL-NT-07. Developments

New developments that do not support use of or enhance a nationally designated trail should 

not be placed on or within the visual corridor of the trail.
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Suitable Uses

MA-SU-NT-01. Suitable Uses

Table 24. Suitable uses for Nationally Designated Trails Management Areas

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

(Existing infrastructure) 

X 

(New infrastructure) 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

(Except in designated 

wilderness or if 

otherwise not permitted 

in the trail’s 

comprehensive plan) 

X 

(New mechanized 

use in 

recommended 

wilderness) 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X** 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or play 

areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountry

X 

(Existing trails and 

cross-country routes, 

except in designated 

wilderness or 

recommended 

wilderness) 

X 

(New trails and 

cross-country 

routes) 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

(Must not substantially 

interfere with the NST's 

nature and purposes) 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

RESEARCH NATURAL AREAS (RNA)

Research natural areas (RNA), whether established or proposed, are a part of a national 

network of ecological areas designated in perpetuity for research and education and/or to 

maintain biological diversity on National Forest System lands. They are established to 

provide study and protection of a full range of habitat types and remain in a relatively 

unaltered condition for non-manipulative research, observation, and study.

Management activities in an RNA must be consistent with the purposes for which it was 

established (or proposed), or specifically to maintain the values of the RNA. Purposes and 

values specific to an RNA are identified in establishment reports. In the absence of an 

establishment report, purposes and values are those identified in the Forest Service 

directives for RNAs.

Forest plan direction applies, whether the RNA is established or proposed. The Pacific 

Northwest Research Station director approves or disapproves management activities within 

the areas in coordination with the Forest Supervisor. Table 25 displays the status of RNAs 

on the Colville National Forest, including the representative habitats they contribute to the 

national network of ecological areas for research, education, and maintenance of biological 

diversity. 

Table 25. Colville National Forest research natural areas 

Name Acres Status Habitat type represented

Bunchgrass 

Meadows

720 Established Subalpine fir/Cascade azalea community; subalpine 

fir/beargrass community; subalpine fir/big 

huckleberry community; mid-elevation permanent 

pond and drainage basin; mid-elevation sphagnum 

bog

Fire 

Mountain

1,454 Proposed Douglas-fir/pinegrass community; ponderosa 

pine/pinegrass community; subalpine fir/huckleberry 

community snowberry phase

Hall Ponds 628 Proposed Mid-elevation freshwater wetland

Halliday 

Fen

725 Established Western red cedar/queen’s cup community; western 

red cedar/devil’s club community; western red cedar 

hemlock/queen’s cup community; marl fen

Maitlen 

Creek

653 Established Douglas-fir/ninebark forest; Douglas-fir/pinegrass 

woodland; grand fir/queen’s cup forest; midelevation stream; subalpine fir/pinegrass forest; 

subalpine fir/twinflower forest; western 

hemlock/queen’s cup forest; western larch forest; 
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Name Acres Status Habitat type represented

western red cedar/queen’s cup forest; mid-elevation 

stream and riparian system; red alder forest

Round Top 

Mountain

213 Established Green fescue grassland; subalpine fir/beargrass 

forest; subalpine fir/Cascades azalea woodland

Salmo 1,405 Established Mid-elevation stream; subalpine fir/beargrass forest; 

subalpine fir/Cascade azalea woodland; western 

hemlock/five-leaved red bramble forest; western 

hemlock/fools huckleberry forest; western 

hemlock/queen’s cup forest; western red 

cedar/devil’s club forest; western white pine/queen’s 

cup forest

Desired Condition

MA-DC-RNA-01. Research Purposes 

Native species and natural processes predominate. Research natural areas remain in a relatively 

unaltered condition for non-manipulative research, observation, and study. Human uses or 

activities consist mostly of occasional protection or restoration activities and low impact 

recreational use suited to the semi-primitive non-motorized ROS. The research natural areas are 

prescribed a high scenic integrity objective. 

Uses and activities do not interfere with the objectives for which the research natural area was 

established. Vegetation, wildland fire, fuels, and recreation management protect, perpetuate, 

or restore the unique and/or representative ecosystems. Non-motorized, non-mechanized trails 

protect research natural area attributes. The hydrology of research natural areas is unaltered by 

water diversions, water developments, or to the extent possible mining-related subsidence in 

adjacent areas. The area is withdrawn from locatable mineral entry. 

Objectives

MA-OBJ-RNA-01. Establishment Record 

Within 5 years of plan implementation, complete the establishment record on all proposed 

research natural areas.

MA-OBJ-RNA-02. Invasive Species 

Within 5 years of plan implementation, treat populations of invasive, non-native species on an 

average of 10 acres annually. 

Standard

MA-STD-RNA-01. Research Purposes 

Proposed research natural areas will be managed to ensure that the characteristics which make 

them a good recommendation will be maintained until such time as they are designated.
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Suitable Uses

MA-SU-RNA-01. Suitable Uses

Table 26. Suitable uses for Research Natural Area Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

(Temporary gauging 

stations and instrument 

shelters only as needed 

for research purposes) 

X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal use X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

(Existing) 

X 

(New or additional 

use)

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

(Existing)

X 

(New or additional 

use)

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

(On existing trails only) 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X * 

Minerals, locatable X** 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or play 

areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountry

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X

(Unless required for 

restoration to 

natural conditions) 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.
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**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT AREAS (RMA)

Riparian Management Areas (RMAs) include portions of watersheds where aquatic and 

riparian-dependent resources receive primary emphasis and where special management 

direction applies. RMAs are designated for all permanently flowing streams, lakes, 

wetlands, seeps, springs and intermittent streams, and unstable sites that may influence 

these areas. RMAs are used to maintain and restore the riparian structure and function of 

intermittent and perennial streams, confer benefits to riparian-dependent plant and animal 

species, enhance habitat conservation for organisms that are dependent on the transition 

zone between upslope and riparian areas, and contribute to a greater connectivity of the 

watershed for both riparian and upland species.

Fish-bearing streams − RMAs consist of the stream and the area on each side of the stream, 

extending from the edges of the active stream channel to the top of the inner gorge, or to 

the outer edges of the 100-year floodplain, or to the outer edges of riparian vegetation, or 

to a distance equal to the height of two site-potential trees,18 or 300 feet slope distance 

(600 feet total, including both sides of the stream channel), whichever is greatest. It is 

expected that RMA widths along fish-bearing streams will not be less than described here.

Permanently flowing non-fish-bearing streams − RMAs consist of the stream and the area 

on each side of the stream, extending from the edges of the active stream channel to the 

top of the inner gorge, or to the outer edges of the 100-year floodplain, or to the outer 

edges of riparian vegetation, or to a distance equal to the height of one site-potential tree, 

or 150 feet slope distance (300 feet total, including both sides of the stream channel), 

whichever is greatest.

Constructed ponds and reservoirs, and wetlands greater than one acre – RMAs consist of 

the body of water or wetland and the area to the outer edges of the riparian vegetation, or 

to the extent of seasonally saturated soil, or the extent of unstable and potentially unstable 

areas, or to a distance equal to the height of one site-potential tree, or 150 feet slope 

distance from the edge of the wetland greater than one acre or the maximum pool 

elevation of constructed ponds and reservoirs, whichever is greatest.

Lakes and natural ponds − RMAs consist of the body of water and the area to the outer 

edges of the riparian vegetation, or to the extent of seasonally saturated soil, or to the 

extent of unstable and potentially unstable areas, or to a distance equal to the height of 

two site-potential trees, or 300 feet slope distance, whichever is greatest.

Seasonally flowing or intermittent streams, wetlands, seeps and springs less than one acre, 

and unstable and potentially unstable areas − this category applies to features with high 

variability in size and site-specific characteristics. At a minimum, these RMAs should 

include:

• The extent of unstable and potentially unstable areas (including earthflows).

• The stream channel and extend to the top of the inner gorge.

 

18 A site-potential tree height is the average maximum height of the tallest dominant trees for a given site class.
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• The stream channel or wetland and the area from the edges of the stream channel or 

wetland to the outer edges of the riparian vegetation or wetland, extending from the 

edges of the stream channel to a distance equal to the height of one site-potential tree, 

or 100 feet slope distance, whichever is greatest. A site-potential tree height is the 

average maximum height of the tallest dominant trees for a given site class.

Intermittent streams are defined as any non-permanent flowing drainage feature having a 

definable channel and evidence of annual scour or deposition. This includes what are 

sometimes referred to as ephemeral streams if they meet these two physical criteria. 

Including intermittent streams, springs, and wetlands within RMAs is important for full 

implementation of aquatic and riparian plan direction. Accurate identification of these 

features is critical to the correct implementation of the strategy and protection of the 

intermittent stream and wetland functions and processes. Identification of these features is 

difficult at times due to the lack of surface water or wet soils during dry periods. Fishbearing intermittent streams are distinguished from non-fish-bearing intermittent streams 

by the presence of any species of fish for any duration. Many intermittent streams may be 

used as spawning and rearing streams, refuge areas during flood events in larger rivers, and 

streams or travel routes for fish emigrating from lakes. In these instances, the plan 

components for fish-bearing streams would apply to those sections of the intermittent 

stream used by the fish.

RMAs are not “no touch” buffers. Instead, management activities designed to benefit 

aquatic and riparian-dependent resources and move the landscape toward desired 

conditions are allowed and encouraged within them. While default RMA widths are 

uniform, the management of RMAs is not intended to be. Instead, a wide range of 

management activities, involving highly varied prescriptions, are expected to occur within 

them. These activities are to be planned and implemented based on watershed and sitescale analyses that lead to project-specific designs that prescribe the types, locations, 

spatial extent, and timing of the activities. These designs must meet applicable standards 

and guidelines. This approach recognizes that effective project designs, including 

identification of both treated and untreated areas, depends on objectives and on local 

landscape context. 

RMAs have no assigned ROS. The underlying management area’s ROS applies in the 

Riparian Management Area. The scenic integrity objectives assume the underlying 

management areas and would range from low to high. 

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-RMA-01. Composition 

Riparian Management Areas consist of native flora and fauna in a functional system and a 

distribution of physical, chemical, and biological conditions appropriate to natural disturbance 

regimes affecting the area.

MA-DC-RMA-02. Key Riparian Processes 

Key riparian processes and conditions (including slope stability and associated vegetative root 

strength, capture and partitioning of water within the soil profile, wood delivery to streams and 

within the Riparian Management Areas, input of leaf and organic matter to aquatic and 

terrestrial systems, solar shading, microclimate, and water quality) are operating consistently 

with local disturbance regimes.
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MA-DC-RMA-03. Livestock Grazing 

Livestock grazing of riparian vegetation retains sufficient plant cover, rooting depth and 

vegetative vigor to protect streambank and floodplain integrity against accelerated erosional 

processes, and allows for appropriate deposition of overbank sediment. 

MA-DC-RMA-04. Roads 

Roads located in or draining to Riparian Management Areas do not present a substantial risk to 

soil or hydrologic function. Roads do not disrupt riparian and aquatic function.

Objectives

MA-OBJ-RMA-01. Improve Riparian Function at Dispersed and Developed Recreation 

Sites

Over the next 15 years, restore riparian processes and balance need for occupancy and access 

to water at 75 dispersed and developed recreation sites, through education, enforcement, and 

engineering where recreational use results in bank damage, reduction in water quality, and/ or 

a reduction in stream shade.

MA-OBJ-RMA-02. Restoration of Riparian Habitat and Process on Roads 

Restore hydrologic and riparian habitat function within Riparian Management Areas in non-key 

watersheds by reducing road-related impacts on 80 miles of road within 15 years.

MA-OBJ-RMA-03. Restoration of Late Forest Structure 

Move upland vegetation within Riparian Management Areas outside of key watersheds toward 

historical range of variability on 500 acres within 15 years of plan implementation.

Standards

MA-STD-RMA-01. Aquatic and Riparian Conditions 

RMAs include portions of watersheds where aquatic and riparian-dependent resources receive 

primary management emphasis. When RMAs are properly functioning and aquatic and riparian 

desired conditions are being achieved, projects shall maintain those conditions. When RMAs 

have impaired function or are functioning-at-risk or if aquatic and riparian desired conditions 

are not yet being achieved and to the degree that project activities would contribute to those 

conditions, projects or permitted activities shall restore or not retard attainment of desired 

conditions.

19 Short-term adverse effects from project activities may be acceptable when they 

support long-term recovery of aquatic and riparian desired conditions. Exceptions to this 

standard include situations where Forest Service authorities are limited. In those cases, project 

effects toward attainment of RMA desired conditions shall be minimized and not retard 

attainment of desired conditions to the extent possible within Forest Service authorities. 

 

19 Per Watershed Condition Framework Technical Guide, USDA Forest Service (Potyondy & Geier 2010), subsequent 

versions of this guide and/or other comparable methods. The Watershed Condition Class terminology for functioning 

properly, “functioning-at-risk,” and impaired function are equivalent to “functioning appropriately” or “functioningat-risk” and “functioning at unacceptable risk” (described in the background of the general water resources section 

of this document) functioning categories within the matrix of pathways and indicators (USFWS 1998, and 

respectively equivalent to “Properly Functioning” or “At Risk” or “Not Properly Functioning” categories within the 

matrix of pathways and indicators used by NMFS (1996).
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MA-STD-RMA-02. Chemical Application 

Apply herbicides, insecticides, piscicides and other toxicants, other chemicals, and biological 

agents only to maintain, protect, or enhance aquatic and riparian resources and/or native plant 

communities.

MA-STD-RMA-03. Personal Fuelwood Cutting 

Personal fuelwood cutting shall not be authorized within Riparian Management Areas or source 

areas for large woody debris.

MA-STD-RMA-04. Timber Harvest and Thinning 

Timber harvest and other silvicultural practices can occur in RMAs only as necessary to attain 

desired conditions for aquatic and riparian resources. Vegetation in RMAs will not be subject to 

scheduled timber harvest. 

MA-STD-RMA-05. Yarding Activities 

Cable yarding activities, if crossing streams, shall achieve full suspension over the active 

channel.

MA-STD-RMA-06. Road and Trail Construction and Maintenance 

There shall be no sidecasting or placement of fill in Riparian Management Areas, except where 

needed to construct or replace stream crossings. Snowplowing activities shall not allow runoff 

from roads and trails in locations where it could deliver sediment to streams.

MA-STD-RMA-07. Road and Trail Construction at Stream Crossings 

At a minimum, all new or replaced permanent stream crossings shall accommodate at least the 

100-year flood and its bedload and debris. The 100-year flood estimates will reflect the best 

available science regarding potential effects of climate change. 

MA-STD-RMA-08. Road and Trail Construction-Fish Passage

Construction or reconstruction of stream crossings shall provide and maintain passage for all life 

stages of all native and desired non-native aquatic species and for riparian-dependent 

organisms where connectivity has been identified as an issue. Crossing designs shall reflect the 

best available science regarding potential effects of climate change on peak flows and low 

flows. 

MA-STD-RMA-09. Management of Livestock Grazing to Attain Desired Conditions

Manage livestock grazing to move toward aquatic and riparian desired conditions. Where 

livestock grazing is found to prevent or retard attainment of aquatic and riparian desired 

conditions, modify grazing management. If adjusting practices is not effective, remove livestock 

from that area using appropriate administrative authorities and procedures.

MA-STD-RMA-10. Recreational and Permitted Grazing Management-Livestock 

Handling, Management, and Water Facilities

New and replaced livestock handling and/or management facilities and livestock trailing, salting, 

and bedding are prohibited in RMAs unless they do not prevent or retard attainment of aquatic 

and riparian desired conditions, inherently must be located in an RMA, or are needed for 

resource protection. 
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MA-STD-RMA-11. Permitted Grazing Management − Allotment Management Planning 

During allotment management planning, negative impacts to water quality and aquatic and 

riparian function from existing livestock handling or management facilities located within 

Riparian Management Areas shall be minimized to allow conditions to move toward the desired 

condition.

MA-STD-RMA-12. Wildland Fire and Fuels Management − Minimum Impact 

Suppression Tactics 

Use minimum impact suppression tactics during wildland fire suppression activities in RMAs. 

MA-STD-RMA-13. Wildland Fire and Fuels Management − Portable Pumps 

Portable pump set-ups shall include containment provisions for fuel spills, and fuel containers 

shall have appropriate containment provisions.

MA-STD-RMA-14. Water Drafting

Fish habitat and water quality shall be protected when withdrawing water for administrative 

purposes. When drafting, pumps shall be screened at drafting sites to prevent entrainment of 

aquatic species, screen area shall be sized to prevent impingement on the screens, and shall 

have one-way valves to prevent back-flow into streams. Use appropriate screening criteria 

where listed fish or critical habitat are present.

MA-STD-RMA-15. Aerial Application of Fire Chemicals

Aerial application of chemical retardant, foam, or other fire chemicals is prohibited within 

300 feet (slope distance) of perennial and intermittent waterways. Waterways are defined as 

any body of water (including lakes, rivers, streams, and ponds) whether it contains aquatic life 

except in cases where human life or public safety is threatened and chemical use could be 

reasonably expected to alleviate that threat. This includes open water that may not be mapped 

as such on avoidance area maps and intermittent streams with surface water at the time of 

retardant use.

MA-STD-RMA-16. Lands and Special Uses Authorizations 

Authorizations for all new and existing special uses that result in adverse effects to habitat 

conditions and ecological processes essential to aquatic and riparian-dependent resources shall 

require mitigation that results in re-establishment, restoration, mitigation, or improvement of 

those conditions and processes. These authorizations include, but are not limited to, water 

diversion or transmission facilities (e.g., pipelines, ditches), energy transmission lines, roads, 

hydroelectric, and other surface water development proposals. 

MA-STD-RMA-17. Hydroelectric − New Support Facilities 

Locate new support facilities outside of RMAs. Support facilities include any facilities or 

improvements (workshops, housing, switchyards, staging areas, transmission lines, etc.) not 

directly integral to the production of hydroelectric power or necessary for the implementation 

of prescribed protection, mitigation, or enhancement measures. 

MA-STD-RMA-18. Mineral Operations in RMAs

For operations in RMAs, ensure operators take all practicable measures to maintain, protect, 

and rehabilitate water quality and habitat for fish and wildlife and other riparian-dependent 

resources affected by the operations. Ensure operations do not retard or prevent attainment of 
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aquatic and riparian desired conditions. Exceptions to this standard include situations where 

the Forest Service has limited discretionary authorities. In those cases, project effects shall be 

minimized and shall not prevent or retard attainment of aquatic and riparian desired conditions 

to the extent possible within those authorities.

MA-STD-RMA-19. Operating Plans for Existing Activities

Work with operators to adjust their mineral operations to minimize adverse effects to aquatic 

and riparian-dependent resources in RMAs. Require best management practices and other 

appropriate conservation measures to mitigate potential mine operation effects.

MA-STD-RMA-20. Structures and Support Facilities

Work with operators to locate structures, support facilities, and roads outside RMAs. Where no 

alternative exists, work with operators to locate and manage them to minimize effects upon 

aquatic and riparian desired conditions. When structures, support facilities, and roads are no 

longer required for mineral activities, reclaim sites to achieve aquatic and riparian desired 

conditions. Require operations to provide financial assurance adequate for the forest to reclaim 

disturbed areas in the absence of a financially solvent operator. Bonding will be posted prior to 

approval of any Plan of Operations. 

MA-STD-RMA-21. Mine Waste

Do not locate mine waste with the potential to generate hazardous substances (as defined by 

the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) within RMAs 

and/or areas where groundwater contamination is possible. The exception is short-term staging 

of waste during abandoned mine cleanup. 

MA-STD-RMA-22. Leasable Exploration and Development

Consent decisions to allow mineral leasing will provide Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 

stipulations for lease management. Once leased, the Forest will actively coordinate and consult 

with BLM regarding lease exploration and development activities. In consultation with the BLM, 

the Forest will recommend best management practices and mitigation as Conditions of 

Approval to support attainment and maintenance of aquatic and riparian desired conditions.

MA-STD-RMA-23. Salable Minerals

Prohibit salable mineral activities such as sand and gravel mining and extraction within RMAs 

unless no alternatives exist and if the action(s) will not retard or prevent attainment of aquatic 

and riparian desired conditions. 

MA-STD-RMA-24. Inspection and Monitoring of Mineral Plans, Leases, and Permits

Conduct inspections, monitor, and annually review required monitoring for mineral plans, 

leases, and permits. Evaluate inspection and monitoring results and require mitigations for 

mineral plans, leases, and permits as needed to eliminate impacts that retard or prevent 

attainment of aquatic and riparian desired conditions. 

MA-STD-RMA-25. Suction Dredge and Placer Mining

Mineral activities on NFS lands shall avoid or minimize adverse effects to aquatic threatened or 

endangered species/populations and their designated critical habitat.

• All suction dredge mining activities in occupied habitat for aquatic threatened or 

endangered species/populations and in their designated critical habitat shall be evaluated 
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by the district ranger to determine if the mining activity is causing or “will likely cause 

significant disturbance of surface resources.”20 A likelihood that a threatened or 

endangered species "take" (defined in Section 3[18] of the ESA of 1973 as amended) 

incidental to the mining activity is an example of a significant resource disturbance. Other 

significant disturbances that do not involve incidental take might involve effects on 

channel stability or stream hydraulics.

• If the district ranger determines that placer mining operations are causing or will likely 

cause significant disturbance to surface resources, the district ranger shall contact and 

inform the operator to seek voluntary compliance with 36 CFR 228 mining regulations and 

to cease operations until compliance.

Guidelines

MA-GDL-RMA-01. Fuel Storage 

Refueling shall occur with appropriate containment equipment and a spill response plan in 

place. Wherever possible, storage of petroleum products and refueling will occur outside of 

RMAs. If refueling or storage of petroleum products is necessary within RMAs, these operations 

will be conducted no closer than 100 feet from waterways. 

MA-GDL-RMA-02. Felling Trees 

When trees are felled for safety, they should be retained onsite (channels and adjacent 

floodplains) to maintain, protect, or enhance aquatic and riparian resources unless otherwise 

determined that such trees pose a new risk to administrative or developed recreation sites.

MA-GDL-RMA-03. Landings, Skid Trails, Decking, and Temporary Roads 

Landings, designated skid trails, staging, or decking should not occur in RMAs, unless there are 

no other reasonable alternatives, in which case they should:

• be of minimum size.

• be located outside the active floodplain. 

• minimize effects to large wood, bank integrity, temperature, and sediment levels.

• not result in unnatural modification of flow paths. 

• enable the impacted site(s) to be reclaimed as soon as practicable. 

Existing infrastructure may be reused with intent of removal and restoration of riparian function 

as soon as practicable.

MA-GDL-RMA-04. Road Construction 

Construction of permanent or temporary roads in RMAs should be avoided except where Forest 

authorities are limited by laws and regulation, and except where necessary for:

• stream crossings

 

20 The phrase ‘‘will likely cause significant disturbance of surface resources’’ means that, based on past experience, 

direct evidence, or sound scientific projection, the district ranger reasonably expects that the proposed operations 

would result in impacts to NFS lands and resources that probably need to be avoided or ameliorated by means such 

as reclamation, bonding, timing restrictions, and other mitigation measures to avoid or minimize adverse 

environmental impacts on NFS resources.
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• stream, wetland, riparian restoration, or road relocation

• mine reclamation 

• employee, contractor, or public safety

MA-GDL-RMA-05. Temporary Road Reconstruction

Temporary roads in RMAs should be avoided. When avoidance is not possible, temporary roads 

should be managed to protect and restore aquatic and riparian desired conditions.

MA-GDL-RMA-06. Road and Trail Construction – Wetlands and Unstable Areas 

Wetlands and unstable areas should be avoided when reconstructing existing roads and trails or 

constructing new roads, trails, and landings. Impacts should be mitigated where avoidance is 

not possible.

MA-GDL-RMA-07. Road and Trail Management – Drainage

Road and trail drainage should be routed away from potentially unstable channels, fills, and 

hillslopes.

MA-GDL-RMA-08. Road and Trail Construction – Passage for Riparian-dependent 

Species 

Construction or reconstruction of stream crossings should allow passage for other ripariandependent species where connectivity has been identified as an issue.

MA-GDL-RMA-09. Road and Trail Construction—Minimization of Diversion Potential 

Where feasible, new or reconstructed stream crossings should be designed to prevent the 

diversion of streamflow out of the channel and down the road or trail in the event of crossing 

failure. If avoidance is not possible, minimize the potential effects of crossing failure. 

MA-GDL-RMA-10. Fish Passage Barriers 

Consider retaining fish passage barriers where they serve to restrict access by undesirable nonnative species and are consistent with restoration of habitat for native species.

MA-GDL-RMA-11. Annual Grazing Use Indicators

The purpose of this guideline is to manage livestock grazing to help attain and maintain aquatic 

and riparian desired conditions over time. Specifically, it is intended to maintain or improve 

vegetative and stream conditions, help ensure the viability of aquatic species, provide 

important contributions to the recovery of ESA-listed species, and facilitate attainment of State 

water quality standards.

The annual livestock use and disturbance indicators described below should be applied to help 

achieve, over longer timeframes, conditions at site and watershed scales that enable attainment 

and maintenance of desired conditions. The values specified below are starting points for 

management. Only those indicators and numeric values that are appropriate to the site and 

necessary for maintaining or moving towards desired conditions should be applied.21 Specific 

 

21 Not all indicators may apply to a particular site. For example, stubble height is a meaningful indicator for lower 

gradient streams where herbaceous vegetation plays an important role in stabilizing streambanks. It is generally less 
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indicators and indicator values should be prescribed and adjusted, if needed, in a manner that 

reflects existing and desired conditions and the natural potential of the specific geo-climatic, 

hydrologic and vegetative setting in which they are being applied22. Indicators and indicator 

values should be adapted over time based on long-term monitoring and evaluation of 

conditions and trends. Alternative use and disturbance indicators and values, including those in 

current ESA consultation documents or non-ESA allotment management plans or allotment 

NEPA decisions, may be used if they are based on best available science and monitoring data 

and meet the purpose of this guideline.

1. Where desired conditions for water quality, aquatic habitat, and riparian vegetation 

have been attained23 and riparian vegetation is in late-seral conditions24, protect or 

maintain those conditions by managing annual livestock grazing use and disturbance as 

follows 25: 

• maintain a minimum of 4-inch residual stubble height 26 of key herbaceous species 

on the greenline;

• utilize no more than 30-45 percent of deep-rooted herbaceous vegetation in the 

active floodplain27 and, as needed, in other critical portions of the Riparian 

Management Area; 

• limit streambank alteration28 to no more than 20-25 percent; and

• limit use of woody species to no more than 30-40 percent of current year’s leaders 

along streambanks and, as needed, in other critical portions of the Riparian 

Management Area. 

2. Where desired conditions for water quality, aquatic habitat, and/or riparian vegetation 

have not yet been attained, but conditions are moving towards those desired 

conditions22, enable continued recovery by managing annual livestock grazing use and 

disturbance as follows:

 

useful for steeper channels, where channel morphology is controlled by coarse substrates. Moreover, not all 

numeric values may apply to a particular site (e.g., sites with short graminoids).

22 Indicator values for specific sites should be determined based on consideration of local conditions including, but 

not limited to, the degree of departure between existing and desired conditions, the current and desired rate of 

improvement, site sensitivity to grazing, grazing season, the presence of special status species (e.g., ESA-listed 

species, Regional Forester’s sensitive species) that are sensitive to grazing, whether or not water quality standards 

and related requirements (e.g., TMDLs for impaired waters) are being met, and the site’s importance in maintaining 

or attaining those standards and requirements. Consideration of these conditions is especially important in 

prescribing specific stubble height values within the 4-inch to 6-inch range and streambank alteration values within 

the 15-20% range. 23 Assessment of conditions and trends should be based on best available information at a variety of spatial and 

temporal scales. Site-specific information is particularly important. 24 Late seral conditions means the existing riparian vegetation community is similar to the potential natural 

community composition (per Winward 2000).

25 Per Pacfish/Infish Monitoring, Multiple Indicator Monitoring (BLM Technical Reference 1737-23) protocols or 

comparable methods for stubble height, streambank alteration, and use of woody species. Per Bureau of Land 

Management protocols (BLM/RS/ST-96/004+1730) or comparable methods for herbaceous utilization. 26 Stubble height criteria apply at the end of the grazing period, when that period ends after the growing season. 

When the grazing period ends before the growing season does, stubble height criteria can be applied at the end of 

the grazing period or the end of the growing season.

27 Active floodplain is defined as the area bordering a stream inundated by flows at a surface elevation that is two 

times the maximum bankfull depth (measured at the thalweg).

28 Streambank alteration criteria apply within 1-2 weeks of removal of livestock from each pasture.
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• maintain a minimum of 4-inch to 6-inch residual stubble height of key herbaceous 

species on the greenline23; 

• follow the criteria for utilization of deep-rooted herbaceous vegetation, streambank 

alteration, and use of woody species described in (1).

3. Where desired conditions for water quality, aquatic habitat, and/or riparian vegetation 

have not been attained and conditions are not moving towards those desired 

conditions22, enable recovery by managing annual livestock grazing use and disturbance 

as follows:

• maintain a minimum of 6-inch residual stubble height of key herbaceous species on 

the greenline;

• utilize no more than 30-35 percent of deep-rooted herbaceous vegetation in the 

active floodplain and, as needed, in other critical portions of the Riparian 

Management Area; 

• limit streambank alteration to no more than 15-20 percent25; and

• limit use of woody species to no more than 20-30 percent of current year’s leaders 

along streambanks and, as needed, in other critical portions of the Riparian 

Management Area. 

MA-GDL-RMA-12. Recreational and Permitted Grazing Management – Livestock 

Handling Activities 

Livestock trailing, bedding, loading, and other handling activities should be avoided in RMAs, 

except for those that inherently must occur in an RMA. 

MA-GDL-RMA-13. Recreational and Permitted Grazing Management − Fish Redds

Avoid livestock trampling of federally listed threatened or endangered fish redds. 

MA-GDL-RMA-14. Recreation Management – New Facilities and Infrastructure 

New facilities or infrastructure should not be placed within expected long-term channel 

migration zones. Facilities that inherently occur in RMAs (e.g., road stream crossings, boat 

ramps, docks, interpretive trails) should be located to minimize impacts on riparian-dependent 

resource conditions (e.g., within geologically stable areas, avoiding major spawning sites). 

MA-GDL-RMA-15. Recreation Management – Existing Facilities

Consider removing, or relocating, or re-designing existing recreation facilities that are not 

meeting desired conditions in RMAs or are in active floodplains.

MA-GDL-RMA-16. Wildland Fire and Fuels Management – Temporary Fire Facilities 

Temporary fire facilities (such as incident bases, camps, staging areas, helispots, and other 

centers) for incident activities should be located outside RMAs. When no practical alternative 

exists, all appropriate measures to maintain, restore, or enhance aquatic and ripariandependent resources should be used. 

MA-GDL-RMA-17. Water Drafting Sites 

Water drafting sites should be located and managed to minimize adverse effects on stream 

channel stability and instream flows needed to maintain riparian resources, channel conditions, 

and fish habitat.
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MA-GDL-RMA-18. Wildland Fire and Fuels Management – Fire Line Construction 

Water bars on fire lines should be located and configured to minimize sediment delivery to 

streams and to minimize creation of new stream channels and unauthorized roads and trails. 

MA-GDL-RMA-19. Wildland Fire and Fuels Management – Burning Masticated Fuels

To minimize soil damage when burning masticated fuels within RMAs, burning of masticated 

fuel beds greater than 3 inches in depth should be accomplished with moist soil conditions.

MA-GDL-RMA-20. Direct Ignition

Direct ignition in RMAs should not be used unless effects analysis demonstrates that it would 

not retard attainment of aquatic and riparian desired conditions.

MA-GDL-RMA-21. Hydroelectric – Existing Support Facilities 

Existing support facilities that are located within RMAs should be operated, maintained, or 

removed to restore or enhance aquatic and riparian-dependent resources.

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-RMA-01. Suitable Uses

Table 27. Suitable uses for Riparian Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X X 

(New facilities, except 

those that inherently must 

be in RMAs+) 

Facilities, developed recreation X X 

(New facilities, except 

those that inherently must 

be in RMAs) 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal use X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, and/or 

utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X*

Minerals, locatable X**

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or play 

areas

X X 

(New designated motorized 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

use areas, except road/trail

stream crossings) 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountry

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

+ In addition, waste and disposal areas are not authorized within RMAs.

*Forest Service has consent authority for leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits and 

leases. 

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry. 

SCENIC BYWAYS (SB)

Two types of federally designated scenic byways are found on the Forest – an All-American 

Road and a National Forest Scenic Byway (designated by the Forest Service). The State of 

Washington also designated many of these byways as state scenic byways. Some roads 

have multiple designations. 

Scenic byway viewsheds are managed to protect the scenic values and recreation use and 

have a high scenic integrity objective. A one-half mile distance zone on either side of the

scenic byway centerline defines the Scenic Byway Management Area. The middleground 

and seen area would be managed as a backdrop setting with a high scenic integrity 

objective. Facilities to enhance the opportunities for viewing the scenery with distant vista 

views and wildlife are present, along with opportunities for accessing year-round recreation 

and interpretive facilities that promote the history, cultural importance, and ecology of the 

area. 

Management direction applies only to portions of scenic byways within National Forest 

System lands. The Forest Supervisor authorizes management activities on the scenic 

byways regardless of designating authority unless especially reserved. The Sherman 

Highway is withdrawn from mineral entry for 200 feet on either side of centerline of the 

highway (see appendix G). 

Table 28 lists the scenic byways on the Forest and the miles of each byway within the 

Forest. All scenic byways contain mileage outside of national forest boundaries. 

Table 28. Scenic byways within the Colville National Forest

Name Designation Intrinsic qualities (apply 

only to national byways)

Miles on NFS 

land

International Selkirk Loop All American Road Recreational, scenic 3 

North Pend Oreille Scenic 

Byway

National Forest Scenic 

Byway

n/a 12
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Name Designation Intrinsic qualities (apply 

only to national byways)

Miles on NFS 

land

Sherman Pass Scenic 

Byway

National Forest Scenic 

Byway

n/a 24

Desired Condition

MA-DC-SB-01.Landscape and Developments 

Scenic Byway Management Areas provide opportunities to view high-quality scenery, historical, 

and natural features. Viewsheds along scenic byways provide natural-appearing landscapes and 

enhance recreation tourism that supports local communities. 

Developments and roadwork along scenic byways reflect a design theme unique to each byway.

Scenic byways have facilities to enhance opportunities for viewing scenery, wildlife, or other 

important features. Recreation sites, such as day-use sites, and related developments, such as 

signs, viewpoints, and interpretive installations are present. Most developed sites are 

universally accessible at an easy to moderate difficulty level. Access to features or viewpoints 

may be provided by facilities and trails.

The intrinsic qualities identified for each scenic byway remain intact. 

Scenic byways exhibit natural-appearing landscapes where human activities do not stand out in 

the foreground, up to one-half mile (high scenic integrity).

Scenic byways provide roaded natural recreation opportunities.

Objective

MA-OBJ-SB-01. Desired Landscape Character 

During the expected 15 years of plan implementation, move 10 percent of the foreground and 

middle ground seen areas of national scenic byways toward meeting scenic integrity objectives. 

Priority for rehabilitation and enhancement of desired landscape character includes the 

Sherman Pass Scenic Byway.

Standard

MA-STD-SB-01. Scenic Integrity Objectives

Vegetation management practices and all project-level activities will be planned and designed 

to meet the high scenic integrity objective (see appendix D). 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-SB-01. Vegetation Management 

The desired landscape character of the area should be retained or enhanced using appropriate 

vegetation management treatments including mechanical harvest. Opportunities to increase 

pollinator habitat along roadways with native plant materials are considered.
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MA-GDL-SB-02. Visual Impacts

Visual impacts from vegetation treatments, recreation uses, rangeland developments, and 

other structures should blend with the overall landscape character along scenic byways.

MA-GDL-SB-03. Education, Interpretation, and Safety Information

Signs, kiosks, and other exhibits should provide interpretive, education, and safety information 

along scenic byways and in adjacent recreation sites.

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-SB-01. Suitable Uses

Table 29. Suitable uses for Scenic Byways Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (nontimber harvest)

X X

(SPNM ROS29 class) 

Forest products, firewood, commercial 

use (if in support of achieving 

recreation or scenery management 

needs)

X X

(SPNM ROS class) 

Forest products, firewood, permitted 

personal use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground 

infrastructure associated with special 

use permits, such as communication 

sites, energy developments, and/or 

utility lines.

X 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X** 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, 

trails or play areas

X X

(SPNM ROS class) 

Motorized recreational use, winter, 

trails or cross-country

X X

(SPNM ROS class) 

Non-motorized recreational use, 

summer

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X X

 

29 ROS = recreation opportunity spectrum. ROS class referred to in this table is Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized 

(SPNM). ROS classes are mapped in appendix F.
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

(SPNM ROS class)

Road construction, temporary X X

(SPNM ROS class)

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X

Utility corridors X X

(SPNM ROS class)

*Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

KETTLE CREST RECREATION AREA (KCRA)

The Kettle Crest Recreation Area consists of 80,300 acres along the east and west slopes 

of the Kettle River Range located on both the north and south sides of U.S. Highway 20.

This area was identified as a recreation area by both motorized and non-motorized 

recreation interests as well as wilderness supporters and non-wilderness advocates 

throughout the forest plan revision process. The Kettle Crest was designated as a 

recreation area for its outstanding four-season motorized and non-motorized trail 

opportunities located primarily in the higher elevations of the Okanogan Highlands 

ecoregion. The recreation area’s physical, managerial, and social settings exhibit the 

undeveloped natural setting and the unconfined opportunities for solitude, exploration, 

risk, and challenge associated with the unique semi-primitive motorized and semiprimitive non-motorized recreation opportunities available within the management

area. The Kettle Crest Recreation Area is prescribed a high scenic integrity objective. 

The Kettle Crest Recreation Area overlays other management areas including 

administrative and recreation sites, backcountry, backcountry motorized, focused and 

general restoration, nationally designated trails, riparian management areas, and scenic 

byways. All sets of applicable Forest Plan components apply; however, the direction for 

the management area with the most restrictive direction takes precedence. 

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-KCRA-01. Natural Landscapes

The recreation area displays natural landscapes and features where valued landscape character 

appears intact in a natural-appearing setting (high scenic integrity) within the semi-primitive 

non-motorized and semi-primitive motorized ROS classes.

The recreation area provides opportunities to view high-quality scenery, historical and natural 

features (high scenic integrity) within the roaded natural ROS class. 

Viewsheds across the entire recreation area enhance recreation tourism opportunities that 

support local communities.

MA-DC-KCRA-02. Developments 

Recreation developments within the management area reflect a consistent design theme 

unique to the area, are universally accessible, are necessary for public enjoyment of the area, 
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134

and support the unique recreational trail opportunities of the area without disturbing the 

special features of the recreation area. 

Developments such as stock tanks, stock corrals, and fences blend in with the natural 

surroundings or are not visible from primary trail systems and campsites. 

MA-DC-KCRA-03. Wildlife

The area contributes to conserving natural habitats and processes that sustain wildlife 

populations and provides opportunities to observe wildlife in their natural habitats.

MA-DC-KCRA-04. Ecological Processes 

Ecological conditions in the semi-primitive non-motorized and semi-primitive motorized ROS

classes are affected primarily by natural ecological processes, with the appearance of little 

human intervention.

Fire functions as a natural ecological process. 

The recreation area is generally free of invasive species.

Native species and native plant communities are the desired dominant vegetation throughout 

the recreation area. Little evidence of human impacts on native vegetation exists outside of 

high use areas, such as campsites, within the semi-primitive non-motorized and semi-primitive 

motorized ROS classes. 

MA-DC-KCRA-05. Visitor Use

Visitor use does not negatively affect the recreation area’s undeveloped, natural setting or the 

unconfined opportunities for solitude, exploration, risk, and challenge associated with the semiprimitive recreation opportunities available within the management area. 

MA-DC-KCRA-06. Other Forest Uses

Where suitable, other forest uses such as permitted grazing, forest products gathering, and 

timber harvest is encouraged in a manner compatible with or that enhances the values for 

which the recreation area was established. 

Objectives

MA-OBJ-KCRA-01. Trailhead Management

Within 15 years of plan implementation, construct at least one trailhead for the motorized trail 

system that accesses the Backcountry Motorized Management Area associated with the Twin 

Sisters Inventoried Roadless Area. 

MA-OBJ-KCRA-02. Trail Management

Within 15 years of plan implementation, design and construct at least one motorized loop trail 

opportunity within the Backcountry Motorized Management Area associated with the Twin 

Sisters Inventoried Roadless Area and at least one non-motorized loop trail opportunity within 

the Backcountry Management Area associated with the Profanity Inventoried Roadless Area. 
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MA-OBJ-KCRA-03. Sno-Park Management

Within 15 years of plan implementation, move or reconstruct the over-snow vehicle sno-park 

located on the Albian Hill Road (Forest Road 2030) to accommodate at least twice the existing 

capacity.

Standards 

MA-STD-KCRA-01. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum 

Project implementation will meet the recreation opportunity classes as shown on the ROS map 

for the Kettle Crest Recreation Area in appendix F. 

MA-STD-KCRA-02. Scenic Integrity Objectives

Vegetation management practices and all project-level activities will be planned and designed 

to meet the high scenery integrity objective (see appendix D). 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-KCRA-01. Permitted Grazing

Braided trails resulting from permitted grazing that are located near National Forest System 

trails should be restored or blocked. Rock cairns or signs should be installed in areas with 

braided trails to reinforce the designated trail route. 

MA-GDL-KCRA-02. Communication Facilities

Permanent Forest Service radio repeaters may be authorized in all ROS classes within the 

recreation area when radio dead zones cannot be serviced by locations outside of the 

recreation area. Repeaters should be out of sight of trails and destination areas. Communication 

facilities essential for provisional uses may be co-located with Forest Service repeaters.

MA-GDL-KCRA-03. Fire 

Use of planned and management of unplanned fire ignitions may be authorized. Fire should be 

allowed to play its natural ecological role in the semi-primitive non-motorized and semiprimitive motorized ROS classes of the KCRA. The preferred strategy for managing unplanned 

fires is to manage for the benefit of resources. A full suppression strategy may be used where or 

when a fire: 

• has a high potential to spread outside national forest boundaries, or into areas with 

extensive recreation or administrative developments; 

• is not meeting resource objectives; or

• would adversely affect the long-term recovery of ESA listed species.

MA-GDL-KCRA-04. Invasive Species

Manual, biological, cultural, mechanical or chemical treatments may be authorized to eradicate, 

reduce, or control populations of invasive species within all ROS classes of the recreation area. 

MA-GDL-KCRA-05. Trail and Facility Maintenance

Motorized (chainsaws, toters, trail machines, motorcycles, etc.) and mechanized (mountain 

bikes, wheel barrels, etc.) equipment may be used to complete annual trail and facility 
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maintenance tasks as well as trail and facility reconstruction projects in all ROS classes within 

the recreation area. 

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-KCRA-01. Suitable Uses 

Table 30. Suitable uses for Kettle Crest Recreation Area Management Area

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (nontimber harvest)

X X

(SPM30 and SPNM 

ROS classes)

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X X

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes)

Forest products, firewood, permitted 

personal use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such 

as communication sites, energy 

developments, and/or utility lines

X X

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes) 

Mechanized recreation use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X**

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreation use, summer, trails or 

play areas

X 

(RN and SPM ROS classes) 

X 

 (SPNM ROS class) 

Motorized recreation use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 

(RN and SPM ROS classes) 

X 

(SPNM ROS class) 

Non-motorized recreation use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreation use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

(RN ROS class) 

X 

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes) 

Road construction, temporary X 

(RN ROS class) 

X 

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes) 

Special use permits X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

 

30 ROS (Recreation Opportunity Spectrum) classes referred to in this table are Roaded Natural (RN), Semi-Primitive 

Motorized (SPM), and Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized (SPNM). ROS classes are mapped in appendix F.
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137

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

(RN ROS class) 

X 

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes) 

Utility corridors X X

(SPM and SPNM ROS 

classes)

* Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits 

and leases.

**Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry

WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS (WSR)

Congress designates wild and scenic rivers as part of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System 

under the authority of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, as amended (1968). Currently, there 

are no congressionally designated rivers on the Forest. 

Eligible rivers are free-flowing and have one or more outstandingly remarkable value of 

regional or national significance. Suitable rivers are those eligible rivers where protection of 

the outstandingly remarkable values is more important than other resource benefits and 

congressional designation is determined to be the best option for protecting the values of 

the river. Rivers found to be both eligible and suitable by the Forest Service may be 

recommended to Congress for designation. Eligible or suitable rivers are managed to 

preserve their eligibility. Management direction is the same for eligible, suitable, or 

recommended rivers. The river corridor is generally one-quarter mile from either side of 

the riverbank. However, protection of outstandingly remarkable values may require 

encompassing a larger area. 

Table 31 shows rivers that are eligible. No suitability determinations have been made on 

eligible rivers on the Colville National Forest. 

Table 31. Eligible wild and scenic rivers by segment and classification

River name Found eligible in 

1988 Forest Plan Eligible classification Miles

South Fork Salmo River Yes Wild 5

Kettle River Yes Recreational 3 

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-WSR-01. Wild, Recreational, or Scenic Rivers

Prior to congressional designation, uses continue that do not compromise wild and scenic 

eligibility. Eligible rivers and adjacent tributaries remain free-flowing, retain water quality, and 

preserve their outstandingly remarkable values. These river segments contribute to a diversity 

of habitats within National Forest System lands. 

MA-DC-WSR-02. Wild River Segments 

Visitors have the opportunity to interact with a relatively pristine natural environment with low 

to moderate likelihood of experiencing the sight and sound of other people. Eligible wild river 
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segments display unaltered landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur (very 

high scenic integrity) and provide pristine, primitive or semi-primitive non-motorized recreation 

opportunities. Eligible wild river segments may be accessed by trail. Eligible wild rivers within 

designated wilderness meet the desired conditions for congressionally designated wilderness.

MA-DC-WSR-03. Recreational River Segments

Eligible recreational river segments are readily accessible by roads, display landscapes that vary 

from moderately altered where human activities are evident (high scenic integrity) to slightly 

altered where human activities may be seen but do not attract attention (high scenic integrity) 

and provide a roaded natural or semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity.

The sights and sounds of other visitors are evident, and the likelihood of encounters with other 

visitors may be moderate to high. Visitors seeking solitude may find it difficult to achieve, 

particularly in peak use seasons. Trails and facilities may be highly developed, including 

hardened trails, campgrounds, and day use sites designed to serve persons of all abilities.

Standards 

MA-STD-WSR-01. Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Each eligible river’s free-flowing condition, outstandingly remarkable values, and classification 

shall be sustained until a suitability study and determination is completed.

MA-STD-WSR-02. Recreation

Proposed new uses, management actions, or facilities on National Forest System lands are not 

allowed if they alter the recreational characteristics of the land and physical resources, or affect 

the eligibility, potential classification, or potential suitability of the area.

MA-STD-WSR-03. Recreation

To the extent that the Forest Service is authorized under law to control stream impoundments 

and diversions, the free-flowing characteristics of the river cannot be modified by new 

structures that were not part of the conditions when eligibility was determined.
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Suitable Uses

MA-SU-WSR-01. Suitable Uses

Table 32. Suitable uses in Wild and Scenic River Management Areas 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative Recreational Wild

Facilities, developed recreation Recreational Wild

Fire, planned ignition Recreational and Wild

Fire, use of unplanned ignition Recreational and Wild

Forest products, commercial use (nontimber harvest)

Recreational and Wild

Forest products, firewood commercial 

use

Recreational and Wild

Forest products, firewood permitted 

personal use

Recreational and Wild

Forest products, personal use Recreational and Wild

Grazing, permitted Recreational and Wild

Infrastructure, above ground 

infrastructure associated with special 

use permits, such as communication 

sites, energy developments, and/or 

utility lines 

Recreational Wild

Mechanized recreational use, summer Recreational Wild

Minerals, leasable - surface occupancy Recreational and Wild 

Minerals, locatable Recreational Wild

Minerals, salable Recreational and Wild

Motorized recreational use, summer, 

trails or play areas 

Recreational Wild

Motorized recreational use, winter, 

trails or cross country 

Recreational Wild

Non-motorized recreational use, 

summer

Recreational and Wild

Non-motorized recreational use, winter Recreational and Wild

Road construction, permanent Recreational Wild

Road construction, temporary Recreational Wild

Special-use permits Recreational Wild

(May not authorize except 

for outfitter and guide 

permits) 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool Recreational Wild

Timber harvest, scheduled production Recreational and Wild

Utility corridors Recreational Wild
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WILDERNESS – CONGRESSIONALLY DESIGNATED (WCD)

The Colville National Forest has one wilderness area, the Salmo-Priest. Wilderness areas are 

zoned using the Wilderness Resource Spectrum: pristine, primitive, semi-primitive and 

transition zones offer the spectrum of experiential and bio/physical settings typically found 

in wilderness. Due to the size, complexity, and use patterns of the Salmo-Priest Wilderness, 

the area administered by the Colville National Forest is designated as primitive and semiprimitive in the Wilderness Resource Spectrum (see appendix F). 

Table 33. Congressionally designated wilderness area in Colville National Forest

Wilderness name National Forest 

administrator Total acres

Percent administered by 

Colville National Forest

Salmo-Priest Colville and Idaho Panhandle 43,348 72

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-WCD-01. Wilderness Character 

Visitor use does not negatively affect the five qualities of wilderness character (untramelled, 

undeveloped, natural, opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of 

recreation) or other features of value.

Wilderness boundaries are posted and visible to visitors.

There are unconfined opportunities for exploration, solitude, risk, and challenge. The nonmotorized and non-mechanized trail system enhances the wilderness character. To the extent 

necessary, where there is public demand, outfitters and guides provide services to visitors 

seeking a wilderness experience.

Wilderness provides outstanding opportunities for solitude and isolation. Encounters with small 

groups or individuals are infrequent.

Wilderness areas maintain natural landscapes where generally only ecological changes occur 

(very high scenic integrity) and provide primitive and/or semi-primitive non-motorized and nonmechanized recreation opportunities.

The wilderness areas are generally free of invasive species. 

Human-caused impacts are limited to relatively small areas along trails and campsites. The 

ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic, and historical values of wilderness are 

preserved and perpetuated.

MA-DC-WCD-02. Human Developments 

Wilderness is undeveloped except for those facilities deemed necessary for administration of 

the area as wilderness or essential for accommodating provisional uses. 

There is little evidence of human developments (such as signs, stock tanks, stock corrals, and 

fences).

There is little or no evidence of camping activity, unauthorized trails, trash, or other human 

impacts on the environment. Most campsites are relatively small and accommodate one to 
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three small tents or one large tent. Large group campsites accommodate the needs of larger 

groups up to the maximum group size limit, and these sites are generally out of view of focal 

areas such as where trails first arrive at a destination. 

• Campsites generally have at least partial topographic or vegetative screening from the 

trail, viewpoints, or other sites. 

• Vegetated areas (such as meadows) outside of campsites retain native plant communities 

that are not impacted. 

• Social trails are the minimum necessary to access the system trail, water, other campsites, 

and viewpoints. 

MA-DC-WCD-03. Ecological Processes 

Ecological conditions are affected primarily by natural ecological processes, with the 

appearance of little or no human intervention.

Fire functions as a natural ecological process.

Wilderness contributes to preserving natural behaviors and processes that sustain wildlife 

populations. Large remote areas with little human disturbance are retained and contribute 

habitats for species with large home ranges such as wide-ranging carnivores (grizzly bear) and 

species found primarily in these habitats. Habitat conditions within these management areas 

contribute to wildlife movement within and across the Forest.

Wilderness areas are free of invasive species.

MA-DC-WCD-04. Air Quality 

Air quality is good and the air quality resource values (scenery, aquatic ecosystems, vegetation, 

and wildlife) are protected.

MA-DC-WCD-05. Historic Properties 

Preservation of historic properties may occur, although buildings and other structures are rare.
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MA-DC-WCD-06. Wilderness Resource Spectrum

Table 34. Wilderness resource spectrum class desired condition

Pristine Primitive Semi-primitive Transition

Environment Extensive, virtually 

unmodified natural 

environment that offers a 

high degree of isolation from 

the sights, sounds, and the 

presence of other wilderness 

visitors and contributes 

effective habitat for species 

requiring large areas with 

minimal human disturbance. 

Substantially unmodified 

natural environment that 

offers a remote experience 

of isolation from sights, 

sounds, and the presence of 

other wilderness visitors and 

contributes effective habitat 

for species requiring large 

areas with minimal human 

disturbance.

Predominantly unmodified 

natural environment. 

Concentrations of visitors are 

low to moderate and impacts of 

human use are generally limited 

to system trails, user-established 

trails, and sites.

Predominantly unmodified 

natural environment. 

Concentrations of visitors are 

moderate to high at various 

times and evidence of human 

use is likely. Encounters with 

others are likely on trails and at 

sites.

Degree of Solitude Encounters with other 

groups are very infrequent.

Visitors have a moderately 

high likelihood of seeing no 

other people on a given day.

There is a very high degree 

of privacy and solitude when 

camped.

Encounters with other 

groups are infrequent and 

primarily on trails and at 

campsites. Overnight visitors 

have a sense of seclusion 

from other overnight groups.

Encounters with other groups 

are fairly frequent. Visitors 

experience relatively long 

interludes of solitude in between 

encountering other groups. 

Visitors will likely see and hear 

other parties when camped.

Encounters with other groups 

are very frequent. Visitors 

experience relatively short 

interludes of solitude in between 

encountering other groups. 

Visitors regularly see and hear 

other parties when camped. 

Campsites Low density of small, 

discreet campsites, not 

visible or audible to each 

other.

Low density of campsites 

generally not visible or 

audible to each other. Small 

discreet sites are available to 

accommodate smaller group 

sizes. There may be a few 

larger resilient sites that can 

accommodate use from 

large groups.

Moderate density of campsites 

that can absorb multiple groups 

in a given location but still afford 

a moderate degree of privacy 

when visitors are camped. Small 

discreet sites are available to 

accommodate smaller group 

sizes. There may be a few larger 

resilient sites that can 

accommodate use from large 

groups.

Moderate to high density. Sites 

are likely to be intervisible or 

interaudible in a given location, 

however visitors still have a 

sense of privacy afforded by 

vegetation, topography, or 

distance. Campsites are 

managed to accommodate 

constant use during peak use 

periods. Small discreet sites are 

available to accommodate 

smaller group sizes. There may 

be a few larger resilient sites that 

can accommodate use from 

large groups.
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Pristine Primitive Semi-primitive Transition

Trails No system trails. Destination 

points accessed by crosscountry travel. User 

established trails 

discontinuous and not 

discernable. Social trails at 

destination areas are almost 

indiscernible. 

System trails present in this 

class are generally at low 

density. Main trails may be 

designed and maintained to 

facilitate through-travel; 

however, challenging 

situations (fording streams 

and rivers) may exist. Side 

trails are generally more 

challenging to travel and 

receive less frequent 

maintenance when funding 

is limited. Some userdeveloped trails may exist, 

but are not encouraged for 

use and are only minimally 

maintained if essential for 

resource protection. 

Proliferation of social trails at 

destination areas is 

minimized through active 

management.

System trails present in this 

class are generally at low to 

moderate density. Trails are 

generally designed and 

maintained to facilitate high use 

levels; however, challenging 

situations (fording streams and 

rivers) or more primitive trails 

may exist. Some user-developed 

trails may exist, but are not 

encouraged for use and are only 

minimally maintained if essential 

for resource protection. 

Proliferation of social trails at 

destination areas is minimized 

through active management.

System trails present in this 

class are generally at a 

moderate to high density. Trails 

are generally designed and 

maintained to facilitate very high 

use levels and are generally less 

challenging. However in some 

locations a more primitive trail 

may be integral to the desired 

experience. Some userdeveloped trails may exist, but 

are not encouraged for use and 

are only minimally maintained if 

essential for resource protection. 

Proliferation of social trails at 

destination areas is minimized 

through active management.

Structures Signs seldom used and only 

for emergency closures or to 

protect wilderness 

conditions. Other than 

cultural sites, there are no 

structures or visible evidence 

of management activities or 

special uses.

Trail junctions are signed. 

Other signs are seldom used 

and only for emergency

closures or to protect 

wilderness conditions. 

Evidence of other permanent 

structures is limited to 

cultural sites, Forest Service 

administrative structures, 

and those essential for 

provisional uses.

Trail junctions are signed. Other 

signs may be used for 

emergency closures or to protect 

wilderness conditions. Evidence 

of other permanent structures is 

limited to cultural sites, Forest 

Service administrative 

structures, those essential for 

provisional uses, and 

recreational structures essential 

for resource protection.

Trail junctions are signed. Other 

signs may be used for 

emergency closures or to protect 

wilderness conditions. Evidence 

of other permanent structures is 

limited to cultural sites, Forest 

Service administrative 

structures, those essential for 

provisional uses, and 

recreational structures essential 

for resource protection.
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Pristine Primitive Semi-primitive Transition

Natural processes Natural processes and the 

native flora and fauna are in 

pristine condition and 

function unencumbered and 

unaltered by human 

intervention. Unique and rare 

plant communities are 

maintained.

Natural processes and the 

native flora and fauna 

function generally 

unencumbered and 

unaltered by human 

intervention. Unique and rare 

plant communities are 

maintained. Small localized 

disturbances may occur due 

to recreational or 

administrative activities. 

Ecosystems with 

anthropogenic environmental 

changes are generally 

restored to desired 

conditions.

Natural process and the native 

flora and fauna function 

generally unencumbered and 

unaltered by human intervention. 

Unique and rare plant 

communities are maintained. 

Areas surrounding campsites 

and destination areas may have 

altered vegetation due to 

recreational activities, but native 

groundcover is generally unimpacted outside of sites. Use 

levels during the summer may 

be high enough to interfere with 

those species that require large 

areas of low human use. 

Ecosystems with anthropogenic 

environmental changes are 

generally restored to desired 

conditions.

Natural process and the native 

flora and fauna function 

generally unencumbered and 

unaltered by human intervention. 

Unique and rare plant 

communities are maintained. 

Areas surrounding campsites 

and destination areas may have 

altered vegetation due to 

recreational activities, but native 

groundcover is generally unimpacted outside of sites. Use 

levels during the summer may 

not accommodate those species 

that require large areas of low 

human use. Ecosystems with 

anthropogenic environmental 

changes are generally restored 

to desired conditions.
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Objectives

MA-OBJ-WCD-01. Human Developments – Primitive Zone

Existing campsites will be inventoried within five years of plan implementation. Campsites that 

are both visible and audible to each other will be surveyed, and the site that shows the greatest 

resilience toward future resource disturbance (based on soil and vegetation characteristics) will 

be retained while the other site will be naturalized. 

MA-OBJ-WCD-02. Human Developments – Semi-Primitive Zone

Existing campsites within 200 feet of lakes, rivers, or streams will be inventoried within 5 years 

of plan implementation. Campsites that can absorb the impact of recurring recreational use will 

be retained, while those campsites that show low resiliency to repeated use (based on impacts 

to soil, vegetation, and water quality) will be naturalized within 5 years of plan implementation. 

Standards 

MA-STD-WCD-01. Site Impacts 

Human-caused disturbed areas that negatively affect wilderness character will be rehabilitated 

to a natural appearance, using species or other materials native to the area. 

MA-STD-WCD-02. Group Size 

Do not authorize wilderness group sizes that exceed the physical capacity, the number of 

available campsites or the social capacity of the specific area of use. Keep the network of large 

group campsites at a minimum necessary to provide for the travel patterns of large groups of up 

to the standard maximum group size limit. At a minimum, partially screen these sites from focal 

areas, such as where visitors first arrive at destinations. Allow no net increase in the number of 

large group sites from the date this plan is implemented.

Group size limit within the Salmo-Priest Wilderness is 12 combined people and stock.

MA-STD-WCD-03. Fire

Objective(s) and strategies for all wildfires shall be identified at the time of the fire.

Fire management activities shall be conducted in a manner compatible with the overall 

wilderness management objectives (minimum impact suppression tactics).

Use prescribed fire only in situations that meet all of the following criteria: 

• There is an unnatural buildup of fuel.

• The treatment would increase the probability of accepting naturally occurring wildfire 

disturbance in wilderness when treating areas outside the wilderness boundary would 

not fully achieve this outcome. 

• Strategies use minimum suppression techniques and are designed to maintain and 

restore the vegetation conditions that are characteristic of wilderness. 

MA-STD-WCD-04. Minimum Requirements Analysis

The Minimum Requirements Decision Guide or a similar minimum requirements analysis will be 

used to assist in making decisions regarding administrative actions in wilderness that may 
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involve the use of one of the “prohibited uses” listed in Section 4(c) of the Wilderness Act (such 

as motorized equipment, mechanical transport, or structures) to best preserve wilderness 

character. 

MA-STD-WCD-05. Human Developments – Primitive Zone

No user-created human developments (such as game hangers, benches, firepits, tables) may be 

established in the primitive zone. 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-WCD-01. Campsite Development 

Areas appropriate for camping should only be designated if necessary in the semi-primitive 

zone to resolve resource issues and not to accommodate increasing levels of use. Recreational 

site structures are generally limited to one fire ring and naturally occurring rock or log seats. 

Authorized recreation developments (such as hitch-racks, high-lines, or site hardening) should 

rarely be installed. These developments should only be used where they would reduce or 

eliminate a proliferation of resource impacts and only in locations where other less intrusive 

tactics (i.e., education and enforcement) would not contain the impacts. Development should 

be removed when no longer serviceable or needed. 

Table 35. Authorization of developments in congressionally designated wilderness

Pristine Primitive Semi-primitive Transition

Developments May not authorize May authorize 

with limits

May authorize 

with limits

May authorize

with limits

MA-GDL-WCD-02. Communication Facilities

Permanent repeaters should not be authorized in pristine wilderness resource spectrum zones.

Permanent Forest Service radio repeaters may be authorized in the primitive, semi-primitive, 

and transition wilderness resource spectrum zones when radio dead zones within the 

wilderness cannot be serviced by locations outside of wilderness, and other communication 

devices are ineffective options due to forest cover or topography. Installation of radio repeaters 

should be considered only after other mitigation efforts have been tried and proved to be 

ineffective. Repeaters should be out of sight of trails and destination areas. Communication 

facilities essential for provisional uses may be co-located with Forest Service repeaters.

MA-GDL-WCD-03. Pets 

Pets (such as dogs or other domestic animals that are not categorized as stock) may be 

authorized so long as their presence does not interfere with wildlife or contribute to resource 

impacts or user conflicts. Pets should be fully controlled by their owner through voice 

commands, a leash, or other restraint (such as a shock collar).

MA-GDL-WCD-04. Research, Studies, and Data Gathering 

Non-manipulative research or data gathering may be authorized where such use is reliant on a 

wilderness setting, and does not detract from wilderness character. 

Markings should be unobtrusive and not be viewed from trails or occupied areas. Permanent 

markings should only be authorized when there is a long-term need to relocate the site with a 
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high degree of precision where other technologies are not sufficient. Other than unobtrusive 

markings, permanent research installations should not be authorized.

MA-GDL-WCD-05. Caching 

Caching of equipment or supplies should not be authorized in wilderness. Waivers to this 

guideline may be given when all of the following criteria are met.

• The requested cache is administratively necessary for agency use or to support a scientific 

study

• The cache location is hidden from public view and is non-damaging

• The cache has an identified date for removal at the completion of the project

MA-GDL-WCD-06. Fish and Wildlife 

Wilderness is generally not suitable for the introduction of non-indigenous wildlife species. 

Fishless waters should not be stocked. Fish stocking can continue where it was an established 

practice prior to wilderness designation. Stocking should be coordinated with the state to 

protect wilderness character including preservation of downstream native fish and amphibian 

populations. Stocked fish that adversely affect native fish and wildlife populations may be 

removed from lakes, rivers and streams.

MA-GDL-WCD-07. Wildland Fire 

Fire camps, helispots, and other temporary facilities should be located outside the wilderness 

boundary to protect wilderness character.

Firelines and spike camps (i.e., a remote camp usually near a fireline) should not be constructed 

adjacent to trails or camp areas to protect wilderness character.

Planned ignitions should be considered to create favorable conditions that enable naturally 

occurring fires to return to their historic role or to achieve wilderness desired conditions. 

Wildfires should be managed for the benefit of wilderness resources. A full suppression strategy 

may be used where or when a wildfire: 

• has a high potential to spread outside national forest boundaries, or into areas with 

extensive recreation or administrative developments. 

• is not meeting wilderness objectives.

• would adversely affect an ESA-listed species. 

MA-GDL-WCD-08. Use of Live Trees 

Live trees that are not listed as a threatened, endangered, or sensitive species may be used for 

administrative purposes such as trail bridge construction.

MA-GDL-WCD-09. Invasive Plants 

Manual, biological, cultural, or chemical treatments may be authorized to eradicate, reduce, or 

control populations of invasive plants. Treatments would need to be carried out by measures 

that have the least adverse impact on the wilderness resource and are compatible with 

wilderness management objectives.
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MA-GDL-WCD-10. Environmental Clean-up 

Environmental clean-up projects (such as mine remediation, chemical spills, aircraft recovery, 

building removal) should occur promptly following an activity or incident. Project design should 

provide a greater long-term benefit than long-term impact. 

MA-GDL-WCD-11. Trail Management

New trail construction may be considered if the objective is enhancement of the wilderness 

character (e.g., increase solitude opportunities, restore naturalness).Trails that have minimal 

use, detract from the wilderness character, or cannot practically be maintained or reconstructed 

should be obliterated.

Suitable Uses

MA-SU-WCD-01. Suitable Uses 

Table 36. Suitable uses for congressionally designated Wilderness Management Area

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X X 

(Salmo-Priest) 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

(Except where Forest 

Service radio repeaters 

or communication 

devices necessary for 

administration of 

wilderness) 

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

Minerals, leasable X 

Minerals, locatable X 

(Operations may be 

approved where valid 

existing rights are 

proven) 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or 

play areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits, recreational & research X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

WILDERNESS – RECOMMENDED (RW)

These areas are lands that have been identified and evaluated through the forest planning 

process as suited for recommendation for addition to the national wilderness preservation 

system. Wilderness characteristics are protected until Congress either designates the area 

as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System or the area is released from 

consideration. If Congress has not acted by the next planning effort, these areas may be 

further evaluated for wilderness designation. 

Table 37. Recommended wilderness by name and acreage

Recommended wilderness area Acres of recommended wilderness

Abercrombie-Hooknose 29,330

Bald Snow 17,400

Salmo-Priest Adjacent 14,900

Desired Conditions 

MA-DC-RW-01. Uses Prior to Congressional Designation 

Prior to congressional designation, mountain bike and chainsaw use are allowed to continue on 

existing trails and as long as their use does not compromise wilderness eligibility. 

MA-DC-RW-02. Retention of Wilderness Characteristics 

Visitor use does not reduce the quality of wilderness character (untramelled, undeveloped, 

natural, outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation) 

or other features of value associated with the existing condition identified in the Forest Plan

wilderness evaluations.

There are unconfined opportunities for exploration, solitude, risk, and challenge. The nonmotorized trail system enhances the wilderness character. To the extent necessary, where there 

is public demand, outfitters and guides provide services to visitors seeking a backcountry 

experience.

Recommended wilderness provides outstanding opportunities for solitude and isolation. 
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Recommended wilderness areas maintain natural landscapes where generally only ecological 

changes occur (very high scenic integrity) and provide primitive and/or semi-primitive nonmotorized recreation opportunities.

Recommended wilderness areas are free of noxious weed species and other invasive species. 

Human-caused impacts are limited to relatively small areas along trails and campsites. The 

ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic, and historical values of recommended 

wilderness areas are preserved and perpetuated. 

MA-DC-RW-03. Natural Landscapes

Recommended wilderness areas display natural landscapes where generally only ecological 

changes occur (very high scenic integrity) and provide primitive or semi-primitive nonmotorized recreation opportunities.

MA-DC-RW-04. Wildlife

Recommended wilderness contributes to preserving natural behaviors and processes that 

sustain native wildlife populations.

Standards

MA-STD-RW-01. Existing and Proposed Uses 

Management actions must maintain the wilderness character of the recommended wilderness 

areas that were identified in the 2009 wilderness evaluations for the Abercrombie Hooknose, 

Salmo-Priest Adjacent, and Bald Snow recommended wilderness areas prior to designation or 

release from wilderness consideration by Congress. 

MA-STD-RW-02. Uses Inconsistent with Wilderness Character 

Recreational mountain bike use and the use of chainsaws for trail maintenance on existing 

National Forest System Trails are the only uses inconsistent with wilderness designation allowed 

in recommended wilderness. If monitoring suggests an increase of user-created mountain bike 

trails, mountain bike use will be curtailed in recommended wilderness. See chapter 4, 

monitoring. 

MA-STD-RW-03. Trail Use

No newly constructed National Forest System Trails will be open to uses (mechanized or 

motorized) that are inconsistent with wilderness designation. User-created trails will be closed 

and naturalized to prevent resource damage. Use of trails closed to mountain biking or off-trail 

use by mountain bikes that cause resource damage will result in the closure of the 

recommended wilderness to mountain bike use.

MA-STD-RW-04. Site Impacts 

Human-caused disturbed areas that negatively affect wilderness character shall be rehabilitated 

to a natural appearance, using species or other materials native to the area. 

MA-STD-RW-05. Fire 

Objectives and strategies for all unplanned ignitions shall be identified at the time of the fire.
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Fire management activities shall be conducted in a manner compatible with maintaining 

wilderness characteristics (minimum impact suppression tactics).

Use planned ignitions only in situations that meet all of the following criteria: 

• There is an unnatural buildup of fuel.

• The treatment would increase the probability of accepting naturally occurring fire. 

• Strategies use minimum suppression techniques and are designed to maintain and 

restore the vegetation conditions that are characteristic of wilderness. 

Guidelines

MA-GDL-RW-01. Wilderness Characteristics

The wilderness characteristics (untramelled, undeveloped, natural, opportunities for solitude or 

a primitive and unconfined type of recreation) of each recommended wilderness should remain 

intact until a congressional decision on wilderness designation is made. 

MA-GDL-RW-02. Trail Use

Mechanized (on existing trails only) and non-motorized travel may occur in recommended 

wilderness, to retain wilderness character, as long as wilderness character remains intact. 

MA-GDL-RW-03. Motorized Equipment

Chainsaws may be used for trail maintenance and reconstruction of existing trails only, to retain 

wilderness character, as long as wilderness character remains intact. 

MA-GDL-RW-04. Campsite Development 

Areas appropriate for camping should only be designated if necessary to resolve resource issues 

and not to accommodate increasing levels of use. Recreational site structures are generally 

limited to one fire ring and naturally occurring rock or log seats. Authorized recreation 

developments (such as hitch-racks, high-lines, or site hardening) should rarely be installed. 

These developments should only be used where they would reduce or eliminate a proliferation 

of resource impacts and only in locations where other less intrusive tactics (i.e., education and 

enforcement) would not contain the impacts. Development should be removed when no longer 

serviceable or needed. 

MA-GDL-RW-05. Pets 

Pets (such as dogs or other domestic animals that are not categorized as stock) may be allowed 

in recommended wilderness so long as their presence does not interfere with wildlife or 

contribute to resource impacts or user conflicts. Pets should be fully controlled by their owner 

through voice commands, a leash, or other restraint (such as a shock collar).

MA-GDL-RW-06. Fire 

Planned ignitions should be considered to create favorable conditions that enable naturally 

occurring fires to return to their historic role. 

MA-GDL-RW-07. Use of Live Trees 

Live trees may be cut for administrative purposes such as trail bridge construction.
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MA-GDL-RW-08. Invasive Plants 

Manual, biological, cultural, or chemical treatments may be authorized to eradicate, reduce, or 

control populations of invasive plants. Treatments should be carried out by measures that have 

the least adverse impact on the recommended wilderness resource and are compatible with 

potential wilderness designation.

MA-GDL-RW-09. Environmental Clean-up 

Environmental clean-up projects (such as mine remediation, chemical spills, aircraft recovery, 

building removal) should occur promptly following an activity or incident. Project design should 

provide a greater long-term benefit than long-term impact.

MA-GDL-RW-10. Mineral Leasing

Mineral leasing would be subject to stipulations developed by the Forest in a consent analysis. If 

the decision is made by the Department of the Interior to issue a lease in the recommended 

wilderness area, a No Surface Occupancy stipulation may be made. Alternatively, the Forest may 

also recommend a No Leasing consent decision be made by the Department of the Interior for 

recommended wilderness.

MA-GDL-RW-11. Locatable Minerals

Mining exploration and operations must be conducted to protect and maintain the social and 

ecological characteristics that provide the basis for wilderness.

Suitable Uses 

MA-SU-RW-01. Suitable Uses

Table 38. Suitable uses for Recommended Wilderness Management Area 

Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Facilities, administrative X 

Facilities, developed recreation X 

Fire, planned ignition X 

Fire, use of unplanned ignition X 

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

X 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use X 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal 

use

X 

Forest products, personal use X 

Grazing, permitted X 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special-use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, 

and/or utility lines.

X 

(Except where Forest 

Service radio 

repeaters or 

communication 

devices necessary for 

administration of 

recommended 

wilderness) 
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Activity or use May authorize May not authorize

Mechanized recreational use, summer X 

(Existing mountain 

bike use) 

X 

(New or additional 

use) 

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy X* 

Minerals, locatable X 

Minerals, salable X 

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or 

play areas

X 

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or 

cross-country

X 

Non-motorized recreational use, summer X 

Non-motorized recreational use, winter X 

Road construction, permanent X 

Road construction, temporary X 

Special use permits, recreational & research X 

Timber harvest as a restoration tool X 

Timber harvest, scheduled production X 

Utility corridors X 

*Indicates Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue 

permits and leases.

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Chapter 4 

MONITORING

INTRODUCTION

Monitoring includes testing assumptions, tracking changes, and measuring management 

effectiveness and progress toward achieving or maintaining the plan’s desired conditions or 

objectives. Monitoring information should enable the Forest to determine if a change in plan 

components or other plan management guidance may be needed, forming a basis for continual 

improvement and adaptive management. The plan monitoring program identifies the 

monitoring questions and associated indicators for monitoring the plan. The monitoring 

program consists of a set of monitoring questions and associated indicators to evaluate whether 

plan components are effective and appropriate and whether management is effective in 

maintaining or achieving progress toward desired conditions and objectives for the plan area. 

The monitoring program uses two monitoring approaches, implementation and effectiveness.

Implementation monitoring determines if the practices, i.e., plan components, we said we 

would do were implemented. Effectiveness monitoring determines how well a particular 

practice helps to achieve a project objective and helps to determine the rate at which desired 

conditions are being achieved. Implementation and effectiveness-type monitoring actions will 

be used to determine whether the land management plan needs to be changed. 

Broader-scale monitoring information is used to address relevant plan monitoring questions 

that are best answered at a larger geographic scale. Broader-scale monitoring strategies may be 

comprised of questions and indicators or may include a description of protocols, data 

management, responsibilities, and partnerships for the questions and indicators. 

The plan monitoring program will be coordinated and integrated with relevant broader-scale 

monitoring strategies to ensure that monitoring is complementary and efficient, and that 

information is gathered at scales appropriate to the monitoring questions (36 CFR 219.12). 

The plan monitoring program addresses the most critical components for informed 

management of the Forest’s resources within the financial and technical capability of the 

agency. Every monitoring question links to one or more goals, desired conditions, objectives, 

standards, or guidelines. However, not every plan component has a corresponding monitoring 

question. 

This monitoring program is not intended to depict all monitoring, inventorying, and data 

gathering activities undertaken on the Forest; nor is it intended to limit monitoring to just the 

questions and indicators listed in table 39. Consideration and coordination with broad-scale 

monitoring strategies, multi-party monitoring collaboration, and cooperation with state 

agencies where practicable will increase efficiencies and help track changing conditions beyond 

the Forest boundaries to improve the effectiveness of the plan monitoring program. In addition, 

project and activity monitoring may be used to gather information for the plan monitoring 

program if it will provide relevant information to inform adaptive management. 

• The monitoring program sets out the plan monitoring questions and associated 

indicators. It is comprised of a monitoring guide and a biennial evaluation report. 
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• The monitoring guide provides detailed information on the monitoring questions, 

indicators, frequency and reliability, priority, data sources and storage, and cost. 

Biennial monitoring evaluation reports will document whether a change to the plan or change 

to the monitoring program is warranted based on new information, whether a new assessment 

may be needed, or whether there is no need for change at that time. The monitoring evaluation 

report will summarize plan monitoring results and will incorporate broad-scale monitoring 

information to answer the relevant monitoring and evaluation questions. The monitoring

evaluation report is used to inform adaptive management of the plan area. The monitoring 

report will be made available to the public. 

Some kinds of monitoring indicators will require longer time frames for thorough evaluation of 

results, but a biennial review of what information has been collected will ensure timely 

evaluation to inform planning. The biennial monitoring evaluation does not need to evaluate all 

questions or indicators on a biennial basis, but must focus on new data and results that provide

new information regarding management effectiveness, progress toward meeting desired 

conditions or objectives, changing conditions, or validation (or invalidation) of assumptions. 

Table 39 is the monitoring program. This table displays the monitoring questions, the reference 

to forest plan direction, the indicator(s) for answering the monitoring question and the 

frequency of measure. Monitoring questions are used to evaluate whether management is 

moving toward, moving away from, or maintaining desired conditions. The references to forest 

plan direction provide a link between the monitoring question and the forest plan. The forest 

plan references may not include all relevant direction, but rather the primary direction that is 

addressed by the monitoring question. Indicators are the specific resource measures used in 

answering the monitoring questions. Frequency of measure is the timeframe for collecting data 

on each indicator. The associated evaluation process determines if the observed changes are 

consistent with the forest plan and the effectiveness of implementation. Evaluation reports will 

be produced biennially (as per 2012 Rule, 36 CFR 219.12(d)). Not all questions or indicators will 

be reported in the biennial Monitoring Evaluation Report.
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Mountain biking along Kettle Crest
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MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring Component: this provides a monitoring program that evaluates how the on-theground management is maintaining or making progress toward desired conditions and 

objectives of this plan. The Plan provides the items to be monitored per the monitoring and 

evaluation requirements found at 36 CFR 219.12 of the 2012 Rule. Details on methodology, 

data storage, and responsibility are not considered plan components and are not included 

in the plan.

Information, science, and unforeseen circumstances continually change over the life of a 

plan. The major mechanism for reacting swiftly and efficiently to new information, science, 

or circumstances is provided through a monitoring program for the plan. These include: 

1. Monitoring to determine whether plan implementation is achieving multiple use 

objectives; 

2. Monitoring to determine the effects of the various resource management activities 

within the plan area on the productivity of the land;

3. Monitoring of the degree to which on-the-ground management is maintaining or 

making progress toward the desired conditions and objectives for the plan; 

4. Adjustment of the monitoring program, as appropriate, to account for 

unanticipated changes in conditions.

These evaluations are an integral part of answering key planning questions such as the 

state of social, economic, and ecological conditions and trends, and the need for an 

amendment or revision. 

Specific monitoring items, such as measuring frequencies, methodologies, precision, and 

reliability are identified in the annual monitoring guide.

MONITORING QUESTIONS

Monitoring questions ask whether management in the plan area is maintaining or 

progressing toward desired conditions and meeting objectives. Monitoring questions may 

be designed to pertain directly to desired conditions or to relate to objectives or guidelines. 

Monitoring information in the plan set of documents may be changed or updated as 

appropriate. Such changes and updates require a plan amendment or revision.

Monitoring questions can also identify or enumerate the ties between ecosystem resilience 

and ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are the products of functioning ecosystems 

that benefit people.

Monitoring questions identify specific Plan direction to monitor and evaluate. The 

monitoring questions specify the information that is essential for measuring Plan 

accomplishments and effectiveness. The associated evaluation process determines whether 

the observed changes are consistent with the desired conditions and what adjustments 

may be needed, if any. 

Monitoring questions are designed to address the requirements at 36 CFR 219.12 (a)(5) 

which states that monitoring programs must contain one or more monitoring questions to 

address the following (see table 39): 

(i) the status of select watershed conditions.
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(ii) the status of select ecological conditions including key characteristics of terrestrial 

and aquatic ecosystems.

(iii) the status of focal species to assess the ecological conditions required under § 219.9.

(iv) the status of a select set of the ecological conditions required under § 219.9 to 

contribute to the recovery of federally listed threatened and endangered species, conserve 

proposed and candidate species, and maintain a viable population of each species of 

conservation concern.

(v) the status of visitor use, visitor satisfaction, and progress toward meeting recreation 

objectives. 

(vi) measurable changes on the plan area related to climate change and other stressors 

that may be affecting the plan area.

(vii) Progress toward meeting the desired conditions and objectives in the plan, including 

for providing multiple use opportunities.

(viii) The effects of each management system to determine that they do not substantially 

and permanently impair the productivity of the land

Monitoring identified in this section does not include monitoring conducted in compliance with 

other laws, policies, and site-specific decisions. 

EVALUATION

The information gained through monitoring and evaluation may be the catalyst for plan 

revisions or amendments.
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FOREST PLAN MONITORING QUESTIONS

Table 39. Monitoring questions

Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

Landscape Features and Dynamics

Vegetation MON-VEG-01: To what extent are 

management activities and natural disturbance 

processes trending toward desired conditions 

for structure/structural stage and fire regime 

condition class (FRCC), and increasing 

resistance and resiliency to disturbance factors

including climate change? This includes 

vegetation size classes, down wood, snags.

FW-DC-VEG-02, FW-DCVEG-03, FW-DC-VEG-04, 

FW-DC-VEG-05, FW-DCVEG-11, FW-DC-VEG-12, 

FW-DC-VEG-14;

FW-OBJ-VEG-01, FWOBJ-VEG-02, FW-OBJSCE-01;

MA-DC-FR-01; MA-DCGR-01

MON-VEG-01-01: Acres treated 

to meet FW-OBJ-VEG-01

MON-VEG-01-01a: Acres 

treated to respond to forest 

disease pathogens.

MON-VEG-01-02: Acres burned 

through prescribed and wild fire

MON-VEG-01-03: Acres of 

forest by structure and 

vegetation type compared to the 

desired condition

MON-VEG-01-04: Snags and 

down wood by watershed

MON-VEG-01-05: Number of 

acres influenced by insects 

Annual

Every 5 years (review 

of FRCC across the 

Forest)

Every 5 years

Every 5 years

Every 5 years

Vegetation MON-VEG-02: Have management activities 

met forest plan objectives and trended toward 

desired conditions for invasive terrestrial plant 

species?

FW-DC-VEG-06, FW-DCVEG-07, FW-DC-IS-01; 

FW-OBJ-IS-01, FW-OBJIS-02, FW-OBJ-IS-03; 

FW-GDL-IS-01, FW-GDLIS-02, FW-GDL-IS-03 

MON-VEG-02-01: Acres of nonnative invasive plants treated

MON-VEG-02-02: Extent and 

number of sites of new nonnative invasive plant species

Annual

Annual

Vegetation MON-VEG-03: To what extent are 

management activities moving hazardous fuels

toward desired conditions within WUI?

FW-DC-VEG-11, FW-DCVEG-12, FW-DC-VEG-13, 

FW-DC-VEG-14; 

FW-STD-VEG-01

MON-VEG-03-01: Acres of 

hazardous fuel treatments 

within the WUI

Annual

Vegetation MON-VEG-04: To what extent is the Forest 

meeting forest plan objectives and trending 

toward desired conditions to provide a mix of 

FW-OBJ-VEG-01 MON-VEG-04-01: MMBF 

offered and MMBF sold 

annually 

Annual
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

timber products in response to market 

demands?

Vegetation MON-VEG-05: To what extent is the Forest 

meeting NFMA requirements and desired 

conditions on size of harvest openings?

FW-STD-VEG-03, FWSTD-VEG-04 MON-VEG-05-01: Number of 

even-aged regeneration harvest 

units exceeding 40 acres in size 

and category for exceeding

Annual

Vegetation MON-VEG- 06: To what extent are 

regeneration units restocked to trend toward 

vegetation desired conditions?

FW-STD-VEG-05 MON-VEG-06-01: On lands 

suitable for timber production, 

percent of acres with 

regeneration harvest that are 

adequately restocked within 5 

years of harvest 

Annual

Vegetation MON-VEG-07: Have lands that are not 

suitable for timber production become 

suitable? 

FW-STD-VEG-03, FWSTD-VEG-06 MON-VEG-07-01: Acres of 

land suitable for timber 

production.

Every 10 years

Vegetation MON-VEG-08: Have destructive insects and 

disease organisms increased to potentially 

damaging levels following management 

activities?

FW-DC-VEG-02, FW-DCVEG-03, FW-DC-IS-01, 

FW-DC-IPM-01; 

FW-STD-IPM-01 

MON-VEG-08-01: Acres 

affected by insect and disease 

organisms.

Every 5 years

Vegetation MON-VEG-09: Are actual outputs and services 

consistent with those projected by the plan?

FW-OBJ-VEG-01;

FW-STD-VEG-03; 

FW-DC-RFP-02

MON-VEG-09-01: Acres of 

active management.

MON-RFP-01-01: MMBF 

offered annually.

Annual

Watershed MON-WTS-01: Are management actions 

contributing to improved watershed condition 

class within focus, key, and priority 

watersheds, and other watersheds identified 

for restoration?

FW-DC-WR-01, FW-DCWR-02, FW-DC-WR-03, 

FW-DC-04, FW-DC-WR05, FW-DC-WR-06, FWDC-WR-07, FW-DC-WR08, FW-DC-WR-18, FWDC-WR-19; 

FW-OBJ-WR-03, FW-OBJWR-04, FW-OBJ-WR-05, 

FW-OBJ-WR-06, FW-OBJWR-07, FW-OBJ-WR-08, 

MON-WTS-01-01: Change in 

watershed condition class

Every 5 years
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

FW-OBJ-WR-09, FW-OBJWR-10, FW-OBJ-WR-11; 

FW-STD-WR-01, FW-STDWR-02, FW-STD-WR-03, 

FW-STD-WR-04;

MA-OBJ-RMA-01, MAOBJ-RMA-02, MA-OBJRMA-03;

MA-STD-RMA-04, MASTD-RMA-05, MA-STDRMA-06, MW-STD-RMA07, MA-STD-RMA-08, MASTD-RMA-09; 

MA-GDL-RMA-02, MAGDL-RMA-03, MA-GDLRMA-04, MA-GDL-RMA05, MA-GDL-RMA-06, MAGDL-RMA-07, MA-GDLRMA-08, MA-GDL-RMA-09

Watershed MON-WTS-02: Are management actions 

reducing road impacts to watershed and 

aquatic habitat function and water quality 

within all watersheds across the Forest? 

Within Key, Focus, and Priority Watersheds?

FW-DC-WR-17; 

FW-OBJ-WR-03, FW-OBJWR-06; 

FW-STD-WR-05, FW-STDWR-06; 

FW-GDL-WR-04; 

MA-DC-RMA-04; 

MA-OBJ-RMA-02;

MA-STD-RMA-06, MASTD-RMA-07, MA-STDRMA-08; 

MA-GDL-RMA-03, MAGDL-RMA-04, MA-GDLRMA-05, MA-GDL-RMA06, MA-GDL-RMA-07, MAGDL-RMA-08, MA-GDLRMA-09

MON-WTS-02-01: Miles of 

roads treated that are a high 

risk to watershed and aquatic 

habitat function.

Annual
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

Watershed MON-WTS-03: Are management actions 

improving key riparian processes within 

Riparian Management Areas?

MA-DC-RMA-02; 

MA-OBJ-RMA-01, MAOBJ-RMA-02, MA-OBJRMA-03;

MA-STD-RMA-01, MASTD-RMA-04, MA-STDRMA-06, MA-STD-RMA07, MA-STD-RMA-08

MON-WTR-03-01: Acres or 

miles of watershed restoration 

activities accomplished, by 

subwatershed 

MON-WTR-03-02: Percent of 

subwatersheds trended toward 

an improved condition.

Annual

Every 5 years (PIBO 

EM-comparison of 

reference conditions, 

WCF) 

Watershed MON-WTS-04: Are water resources and RMA 

standards, guidelines, and best management 

practices (BMPs) being implemented at project 

sites? Are standards, guidelines, and BMPs 

effective at achieving desired conditions?

All WR and RMA standards 

and guidelines

MON-WTR-04-01: Number of 

BMP evaluations completed 

and identification of BMPs that 

were implemented correctly and 

incorrectly, and identification of 

BMP effectiveness

BMP annual

Watershed MON-WTS-05-01: What is the status and trend 

of water quality?

FW-DC-WR-05, All WR 

and RMA standards and 

guidelines

MON-WTR-05-01: Miles of 

state-listed impaired waters, 

miles of waters under an 

approved TMDL and WQIP.

Annual (WADoE 

303(d) list, TMDLs, 

WQIP implementation 

and monitoring.) 

Aquatic Habitat MON-AQH-01: Are management activities 

across the Forest contributing to the viability of 

riparian and wetland-dependent TES and focal

species?

FW-DC-WR-02, FW-DCWR-03, FW-DC-WR-05, 

FW-DC-WR-12, FW-DCWR-13; 

FW-OBJ-WR-01, FW-OBJWR-02, FW-OBJ-WR-03, 

FW-OBJ-WR-04, FW-OBJWR-05, FW-OBJ-WR-06, 

FW-OBJ-WR-07, FW-OBJWR-08, FW-OBJ-WR-09, 

FW-OBJ-WR-10, FW-OBJWR-11; 

FW-STD-WR-06; 

MON-AQH-01-01: PIBO EM, 

updated Aquatic Ecological 

Condition (AEC), Stream 

channel morphology surveys in 

monumented reaches

MON-AQH-01-02: Acres or 

miles of treatments to improve 

hydrologic, aquatic, and riparian 

function

Every 5 years (PIBO 

EM, updated Aquatic 

Ecological Condition 

(AEC)), stream 

channel morphology 

surveys), invasive 

species database.

Annual
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

FW-GDL-WR-03;

MA-OBJ-RMA-01, MAOBJ-RMA-02, MA-OBJRMA-03;

MA-STD-RMA-08

Aquatic Habitat MON-AQH-02: Are management actions 

improving conditions within Riparian 

Management Areas where livestock grazing is 

permitted?

FW-OBJ-WR-07;

MA-DC-RMA-03; 

MA-STD-RMA-09, MASTD-RMA-10, MA-STDRMA-11,

MA-GDL-RMA-11, MAGDL-RMA-12, MA-GDLRMA-13

MON-AQH-02-01: Acres of 

improvement within designated 

monitoring area locations.

MON-AQH-02-02: Allotments 

meeting annual grazing 

management indicators

Annual, Every 5 years 

in conjunction with 

MON-WTR-03-02 

above (PIBO EM & R6 stream surveys) 

Annual (PIBO & Forest 

monitored designated 

monitoring areas) 

Aquatic Habitat MON-AQH-03: Are management actions 

preventing the spread of aquatic invasive 

species?

FW-DC-WR-12; 

FW-OBJ-WR-01, FW-OBJWR-02; 

FW-STD-WR-03, FW-STDWR-04 ; 

FW-GDL-WR-01, FW-GDLWR-02;

MA-GDL-RMA-10

MON-AQH-03-01: Acres of nonnative invasive aquatic habitat 

treated 

MON-AQH-03-02: Number of 

sites of new non-native invasive 

aquatic species

Annual (R6 stream 

WIT);

Every 5 years (PIBO 

EM)
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

Soil MON-SOIL-01: To what extent have plan 

components prevented irreversible damage to 

soil conditions?

FW-DC-SOIL-01, FW-DCSOIL-02; 

FW-OBJ-SOIL-01; 

FW-GDL-SOIL-01; 

MON-SOIL-01-01: Number of 

harvest units surveyed and 

percent that meet the Regional 

Soil Quality Standard, postharvest (FSM, R6 Supplement 

No. 2500.98-1)

Annual

Federally listed 

species

MON-FLS-01: To what extent is forest 

management contributing to the conservation 

of federally listed species and moving toward 

habitat objectives?

FW-DC-WL-02, FW-DCWL-03, FW-DC-WL-04, 

FW-DC-WL-05, FW-DCWL-06, FW-DC-WL-07, 

FW-DC-WL-08, FW-DCWL-09; 

FW-OBJ-WL-02, FW-OBJWL-03;

FW-STD-WL-02, FW-STDWL-03, FW-STD-WL-04, 

FW-STD-WL-05, FW-STDWL-06, FW-STD-WL-07, 

FW-STD-WL-08, FW-STDWL-09, FW-STD-WL-10, 

FW-STD-WL-11; 

FW-GDL-WL-04, FW-GDLWL-05, FW-GDL-WL-06, 

FW-GDL-WL-07, FW-GDLWL-08, FW-GDL-WL-09, 

FW-GDL-WL-10, FW-GDLWL-11, FW-GDL-WL-12

MON-FLS-01-01: Grizzly Bear: 

progress toward achieving and 

maintaining standards for 

percent core area, open 

motorized road density (OMRD) 

and total motorized road density 

(TMRD) within each Grizzly 

Bear Management Unit.

Annual

MON-FLS-01-02: Canada lynx: 

changes in lynx habitat as a 

result of moving toward the 

desired conditions for 

vegetation through vegetation 

management, prescribed fire, or 

natural disturbance that is 

consistent with the historical

range of variability

MON-FLS-01-03: Woodland 

caribou: maintenance of 

seasonal habitat components of 

well-connected, large blocks of 

late-successional forest at or 

above current levels.

MON-FLS-01-04: Woodland 

caribou: management of 

motorized winter recreation at 

or below current levels so that 

woodland caribou are not 

displaced from suitable habitat 

within the caribou recovery 

area.

Every 5 years by lynx 

analysis unit

Every 5 years by forest 

management projects 

proposed in recovery 

area, measured at the 

caribou management 

unit scale

Annual (caribou 

habitat monitoring 

report)
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

Focal species MON-Focal-01: Are habitat trends for Focal 

species consistent with the Desired Conditions 

and objectives?

FW-DC-VEG-03, FW-DCVEG-04; 

FW-OBJ-WL-05; 

FW-STD-WL-01, FW-STDWL-12; 

FW-GDL-WL-15, FW-GDLWL-18, FW-GDL-WL-19; 

MA-DC-RMA-03; 

MA-STD-RMA-09, MASTD-RMA-10, MA-STDRMA-11; 

MA-GDL-RMA-11, MAGDL-RMA-12

MON-FOCAL-01-01: Whiteheaded Woodpecker: number of 

acres treated to provide large 

diameter tree habitat and move 

toward desired vegetation 

conditions by providing lateopen structure

MON-FOCAL-01-02: Northern 

goshawk: number of acres 

surveyed and nests located

MON-FOCAL-01-03: Blackbacked woodpecker-Snag 

habitat: snag densities by size 

class and vegetation type

MON-FOCAL-01-04: 

MacGillivray’s warbler: condition 

of riparian habitats within 

grazing allotments.

MON-FOCAL-01-05: 

Wildlife General: Monitor 

progress toward meeting road 

density desired conditions by 

watershed/grizzly bear 

management unit.

Annual

Annual

Every 5 years by 

watershed (5th field)

Every 5 years by 

watershed (5th field)

Every 5 years

Wildlife MON-WL-01: Have management activities met 

forest plan objectives and maintained or 

improved habitat to achieve desired terrestrial 

habitat conditions? 

FW-DC-WL-02, FW-DCWL-03, FW-DC-WL-04, 

FW-DC-WL-05, FW-DCWL-06, FW-DC-WL-07, 

FW-DC-WL-08, FW-DCWL-09, FW-DC-WL-12, 

FW-DC-WL-13, FW-DCWL-14; 

FW-OBJ-WL-02, FW-OBJWL-03, FW-OBJ-WL-04, 

MON-WL-01-01: Acres of 

terrestrial habitat restored or 

enhanced. Also see results for 

MON-VEG-01-01 through MONVEG-01-05

Annual
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

FW-OBJ-WL-05, FW-OBJWL-06;

FW-STD-WL-02, FW-STDWL-05, FW-STD-WL-06, 

FW-STD-WL-07, FS-STDWL-08, FW-STD-WL-09, 

FW-STD-WL-10, FW-STDWL-12; 

FW-GDL-WL-01, FW-GDLWL-04, FW-GDL-WL-05, 

FW-GDL-WL-06, FW-GDLWL-09, FW-GDL-WL-11, 

FW-GDL-WL-13, FW-GDLWL-14, FW-GDL-WL-16, 

FW-GDL-WL-17
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Resource Monitoring question Reference to Forest Plan 

direction Indicator Frequency of measure

Social Systems

Access and

Recreation

MON-AR-01: What are the trends in visitation 

forestwide, and are visitors satisfied with the 

facilities, access, services, and perception of 

their safety?

FW-DC-AS-01, FW-DCAS-02, FW-DC-AS-03, FWDC-AS-04, FW-DC-AS-05, 

FW-DC-AS-06; 

FW-OBJ-AS-01, FW-OBJAS-02, FW-OBJ-AS-03; 

FW-GDL-AS-05; 

MA-DC-ARS-01, MA-DCARS-02, MA-DC-ARS-03, 

MA-DC-ARS-04, MA-DCARS-05, MA-DC-ARS-06, 

MA-DC-ARS-07; 

MA-OBJ-ARS-01, MA-OBJARS-02; 

MA-GDL-ARS-01, MAGDL-ARS-03

MON-AR-01-01: Visitor use and 

trends in use forestwide

Every 5 years (NVUM)

Access and 

Recreation

MON-AR-02: What is the trend in mountain 

bike use in recommended wilderness and is 

that use impacting the wilderness

characteristics of the forest’s recommended 

wilderness areas. 

MA-DC-RW-01, MA-DCRW-02, MA-DC-RW-03; 

MA-STD-RW-01, MA-STDRW-02, MA-STD-RW-03, 

MA-STD-RW-04, MA-STDRW-05; 

MA-GDL-RW-01, MA-GDLRW-02, MA-GDL-RW-03

MON-AR-02-01: Assess 

mountain bike use through trail 

registration trend analysis.

MON-AR-02-02: Identify new 

user-created mountain bike 

trails or impacts (i.e. hill climbs, 

accelerated growth of banked 

turns) to natural or special 

features along existing trail 

systems in recommended 

wilderness caused by mountain 

bike use. 

Annual

20% of all trail miles 

open to mountain bike 

use within 

recommended 

wilderness will be 

monitored annually for 

new or recurring 

impacts from mountain 

bikes. 

Reported cases of 

user-created routes 

within recommended 

wilderness will be 

investigated annually. 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Chapter 4 – Monitoring

169

Photo courtesy of Nils Larsen

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Appendix A – Consistency with Plan Components

171

Appendix A – Consistency with Plan Components

As required by NFMA and the planning rule, all projects and activities authorized by the Forest 

Service must be consistent with the plan. A project or activity must be consistent with the plan (36 

CFR 219.8(e)) by being consistent with applicable plan components (36 CFR 219.7(a)); 36 CFR 

219.8(a). Direction in this Plan applies to all projects that have decisions made on or after the 

effective date of the final record of decision (ROD). The ROD specifies the transition strategy for 

short- and long-term ongoing actions. Plans may have other content, such as background, 

collaboration strategies, context, existing conditions, glossary, introduction, monitoring questions, 

other referenced information or guidance, performance history, performance measures, 

performance risks, program emphasis, program guidance, program priorities, possible actions, roles 

and contributions, management challenges, or strategies, but such other content are not matters to 

which project consistency is required. 

Ensuring Project or Activity Consistency with the Plan— A project or activity must be consistent 

with all applicable plan components; desired conditions, standards and guidelines. Where a 

proposed project or activity would not be consistent with a plan component the responsible official 

has the following options:

• To modify the proposal so that the project or activity will be consistent; 

• To reject the proposal; or 

• To amend the plan contemporaneously with the approval of the project or activity so that the 

project or activity is consistent with the plan as amended. The amendment may be limited to 

apply only to the project or activity (36 CFR 219.8(e)).

The following paragraphs describe how a project or activity is consistent with plan components and 

the requirements for documenting consistency. 

Desired conditions (36 CFR 219.7(a)(2)(i)) — Because of the many types of projects and activities 

that can occur over the life of a plan, it is not likely that a project or activity can maintain or 

contribute to the attainment of all desired conditions. Most projects and activities are developed 

specifically to maintain or move conditions toward one or more of the desired conditions of a plan. 

It should not be expected that each project or activity will contribute to all desired conditions in a 

plan, but usually to one or a subset. However, it should not be expected that in every instance, a 

project could clearly point to a specific desired condition as the reason the project was proposed; 

for example, a powerline right-of-way to a private inholding. There will also be instances when 

negative effects related to a specific desired condition are appropriate, either for long-term 

progress toward that same desired condition, or for progress toward or maintenance of another 

desired condition. It is also important that project consistency with a desired condition be assessed 

at the appropriate scale. For example, if a desired condition addresses watershed functionality at 

the scale of a 5th field watershed, then the contribution of any proposal to that desired condition 

should be considered at that scale. 

To be consistent with the desired conditions of the plan, a project or activity, when assessed at the 

appropriate spatial scale described in the plan, must be designed to meet one or more of the 

following conditions:

• Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired conditions of a plan without 

adversely affecting progress toward, or maintenance of other desired conditions, or
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172

• Be neutral with regard to progress toward plan desired conditions, or 

• Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired conditions over the long-term, 

even if the project or activity would adversely affect progress toward, or maintenance of, one 

or more desired conditions in the short-term, or

• Maintain or make progress toward one or more of the desired conditions over the long-term, 

even if the project or activity would adversely affect progress toward other desired conditions 

in a negligible way over the long-term. 

The project documentation should explain how the project is consistent with desired conditions and 

describe any short-term, or negligible long-term, adverse effects the project may have on the 

maintenance or attainment of any desired condition. This description of the desired conditions for 

the Forest fulfills the requirement of section 36 CFR 219.11(b) of the 1982 planning regulations. If a 

project will adversely affect progress toward one or more desired conditions in more than a 

negligible way or short-term way, a Plan Amendment is required. 

Objectives — A project or activity is consistent with the objectives component of the plan if it 

contributes to or does not prevent the attainment of any applicable objectives.

The project documentation should identify any applicable objective(s) to which the project 

contributes and document that the project does not prevent the attainment of any objectives. If 

there are no applicable objectives, the project is consistent with the objectives components of the 

plan, and the project documentation should state that fact. 

Guidelines — A project or activity must be consistent with all guidelines applicable to the type of 

project or activity and its location in the plan area. A project or activity can be consistent with a 

guideline in either of two ways— 

• The project or activity is designed exactly in accord with the guideline, or 

• A project or activity design varies from the exact words of the guideline but is as effective in 

meeting the purpose of the guideline to contribute to the maintenance or attainment of 

relevant desired conditions and objectives.

The project documentation should describe how the project is consistent with the guidelines. When 

the project varies from the exact words of the guideline, the documentation must specifically 

explain how the project design is as effective in contributing to the maintenance or attainment of 

relevant desired conditions and objectives. 

Standards—A project or activity is consistent with a standard if the project or activity is designed in 

exact accord with the standard. 

The project documentation should confirm that the project is consistent with applicable standards. 

Suitability of areas—A project with the purpose of timber production may only occur in an area 

identified as suitable for timber production (16 United States Code 1604(k)). The documentation for 

the project should confirm the project area meets the suitability for timber production criteria set 

out in FSH 1909.12 section 61. 

Except for projects with a purpose of timber production, a project or activity can be consistent with 

plan suitability determinations in either of two ways: 
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173

• The project or activity is a use identified in the plan as generally suitable for the location 

where the project or activity is to occur, or

• The project or activity is not a use identified in the plan as generally suitable for the location 

(the plan is silent on the use), but the responsible official determines that the use to be 

appropriate for that location’s desired conditions and objectives. If a project or activity is 

specified in the plan as not suitable for the area, an amendment to the Forest Plan is 

required. 

The project documentation should describe that the project or activity is either (1) a use for which 

the area is specifically identified in the plan as generally suitable, or (2) not a use for which the area 

is specifically identified in the plan as general suitable, but is nonetheless appropriate for that 

location. 
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

175

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management 

Actions 

INTRODUCTION 

This appendix describes possible actions that may take place on the Colville National Forest at the 

project or activity-level to help maintain existing conditions or move toward the desired conditions. 

Because the Plan is a strategic document that provides general management guidance, the 

following items include program strategies anticipated during the next 15 years. The list of possible 

actions is not intended to be all-inclusive, nor are they intended to be decisions. They are simply 

projections of what actions may take place in the future.

This information is not a commitment to take any action and is not a “proposal” as defined by the 

Council on Environmental Quality regulations for implementing the NEPA (40 CFR 1508.23, 42 

United States Code 4322(2)C)). Including this information is done under National Forest 

Management Act of 1976, 16 United States Code 1604(f). 

A Plan amendment is not required to change or modify the proposed or possible management 

actions. In accord with the National Forest System Land Management Planning Rule these 

projections can be updated at any time through an administrative change of the Plan.

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 

The objectives in chapter 2 of the plan represent projects or activities intended to be accomplished 

during the planning period. The timeframe for completing the objectives varies by objective. These 

are listed in the table below. 

Table B-1. List of proposed management actions (plan objectives)

Category Project/Activity Timeframe to complete

Soil Annually stabilize, rehabilitate, or restore natural processes 

that support soil productivity and function on 20 to 30 acres.

Within 5 years of plan 

implementation

Vegetation Initiate active management activities on 6 to 12 thousand

acres per year to move structure toward desired conditions at 

landscape scales to move the forest toward desired vegetative 

conditions and have landscapes dominated by Fire Regime 

Condition Class I, with the remainder in Fire Regime Condition 

Class II trending toward Fire Regime Condition Class I. 

Over the next 15 years

Vegetation Initiate fuel reduction activities on 5,000 acres per year to 

reduce hazardous fuel accumulations in both activity and 

natural fuels to move toward desired vegetative conditions and 

have landscapes dominated by Fire Regime Condition Class I.

Over the next 15 years

Vegetation Five to 10 acres of special and unique habitats are treated 

annually. 

Over the 15-year life of the 

Plan 

Water 

Resources

Implement aquatic invasive species prevention measures at all 

developed recreation sites providing direct and/or indirect 

access to water bodies, such as boat ramps, campgrounds, 

and day use areas that provide portal zones for hand-carried 

watercraft. Implement aquatic invasive species prevention 

measures as part of all aquatic survey and inventory 

procedures and other management activities that pose high 

potential for invasion vectors to occur. 

Within the next 15 years
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

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176

Category Project/Activity Timeframe to complete

Water 

Resources

Implement aquatic invasive species control and eradication at 

15 waterbodies (streams and lakes) where such invasions 

have become established and prevent attainment of listed fish 

recovery plan goals and/or effects to social, economic, and 

ecological systems are determined to be unacceptable. 

Within the next 15 years

Water 

Resources

Decrease sediment delivery from management activities on 

1,000 acres including but not limited to roads, livestock, 

unauthorized off-highway vehicle use, vegetation 

management, and dispersed and developed campsites. 

Restore hydrologic, aquatic and riparian processes through 

activities that stabilize streambank erosion, and other 

accelerated channel destabilizing processes (i.e., 

headcutting), improve lateral and vertical hydrologic 

connectivity, and improve stream channel and floodplain 

function on 10 miles of streams. 

Within the next 15 years

Water 

Resources

Restore aquatic organism passage for all life stages of native 

species at 45 road/stream crossings and man-made instream 

structures such as water diversions and dams outside of key 

watersheds. Culverts and other passage improvements are to 

be designed to restore and maintain hydrologic and aquatic 

habitat function and stream channel resiliency to a range of 

flows through natural channel design and other acceptable 

treatment measures

Within 15 years

Water 

Resources

Management in key watersheds focuses on restoration or 

preservation of watershed, aquatic, and riparian function and 

recovery of threatened and endangered species. Improve 

watershed condition class in key watersheds that are a priority 

for restoration. 

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation 

Water 

Resources

Reduce road-hydrologic connectivity and sediment delivery on 

roads through storm damage risk reduction treatments, full 

hydrologic decommissioning, and other accepted treatment 

measures on 116 miles of hydrologically connected road.

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation

Water 

Resources

Restore or maintain aquatic organism passage and improve 

hydrologic and aquatic habitat function at 53 road/stream 

crossings for all native aquatic species, seasons, flows, and 

life stages in key watersheds through culvert replacement or 

crossing improvement and natural channel design or other 

acceptable treatment measures that provide for natural stream 

channel function at all flows

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation

Water 

Resources

Improve hydrologic and aquatic function through range 

infrastructure improvements, including riparian fencing, 

movement and improvement of watering troughs, and other 

acceptable treatments over 240 acres.

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation

Water 

Resources

Move upland vegetation within Riparian Management Areas in 

key watersheds toward historical range of variability on 1,500

acres.

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation

Water 

Resources

Restore hydrologic, geomorphic, and riparian process and 

function on 81 miles of stream through activities including 

streambank stabilization, restoration of lateral and vertical 

hydrologic connectivity and improvement of stream channel 

and floodplain function.

Within 15 years of forest 

plan implementation

Water 

Resources

Implement the watershed condition framework through 

completion of essential projects outlined in watershed action 

plans in existing focus and priority watersheds to improve 

watershed condition class. 

Over 15 years
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

177

Category Project/Activity Timeframe to complete

Water 

Resources

Complete or update watershed analyses for 5 subwatersheds. 

Criteria for selecting subwatershed for watershed analysis 

include: Key Watersheds, Priority Watersheds, watersheds 

that support designated critical habitat, or support listed 

species, and watersheds where management activities are 

likely to occur that may affect aquatic resources (due to their 

inherent nature, location, timing, or scale).

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Address any food or garbage storage problem areas promptly 

to avoid habituation of grizzly bears or other wildlife. Maintain 

the wildlife-resistant garbage storage devices installed in all 

developed campgrounds on the Colville National Forest, as 

needed. Install at least 15 wildlife-resistant food storage 

lockers at developed campgrounds or heavily used dispersed 

campsites. Priority will be given to sites within or adjacent to 

the grizzly bear recovery area, or to areas with documented 

black bear or grizzly bear food or human interactions.

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Restore an average of 100 acres/year of snowshoe hare 

and/or lynx habitat within the lynx analysis units located in the 

Kettle-Wedge core area. 

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Maintain or restore grizzly bear seasonal habitats on a total of 

900 acres.

During the expected 

15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Restore western hemlock/western red cedar vegetation types 

within late-successional forest habitats for surrogate wildlife 

species on 1,400 acres. Generally focus activity in previously 

treated areas that are now early to mid-successional forest to 

enhance large tree development

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Restore or move toward restoration of late structure 

ponderosa pine forest habitat on 500 acres per year. 

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Wildlife 

Habitats 

Restore (i.e., application of prescribed fire, invasive plant 

management, etc.) habitat on 1,000 acres of deer and elk 

winter range.

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Invasive 

Species

Reduce the density or extent of invasive plants by treating an 

average of 2,000 acres per year. Actively restore an annual 

average of 50 acres of native vegetation by mulching, seeding, 

or planting to promote revegetation of native plants to help 

resist introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive plant 

species.

During the expected 15

years of plan 

implementation

Invasive 

Species

Address treatment of priority non-native, invasive vertebrate 

species and their impacts in terrestrial habitats.

Within one year of 

detection

Invasive 

Species

Address treatment of priority non-native, invasive insect and 

disease pathogens and their impacts. 

Within one year of 

detection

Forest 

Transportation

Access System

Motorized mixed-use road designations are reviewed and an 

average of one new off-highway vehicle route is designated to 

achieve one or more of the following objectives: create loopriding opportunities, connect camping areas, access 

destination overlooks, move routes away from ecologically or 

culturally sensitive areas, and connect communities through 

and to the forest. Coordinate designations with a community 

collaborative that could include local motorized recreation 

groups, counties and conservation groups to determine priority 

areas for selection, designation and monitoring.

Annually
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

178

Category Project/Activity Timeframe to complete

Forest 

Transportation 

Access System

Improve drainage, water crossing and trail layout on 5 percent

of the Forest’s trail system designed for mountain bikes, 

motorized use, and pack stock.

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Forest 

Transportation 

Access System

Maintain at least 20 percent of the Forest’s motorized and nonmotorized trail system.Annually

American 

Indian Rights & 

Interest

A cooperatively developed communication plan establishes 

coordination with each federally recognized Tribe with 

historical or treaty interests in CNF lands. 

Over the life of the plan

American 

Indian Rights & 

Interest

Consult with Tribes when forest management activities may 

impact treaty rights and/or cultural sites and cultural use, 

according to individual Tribal communication plans, 

consultation protocols, or policies. 

Over the life of the plan

Livestock 

Grazing

Recondition or reconstruct an average of 1 to 4 percent of the 

existing range infrastructure on National Forest System lands 

annually. Such range infrastructure would include water 

developments, hardened fords, livestock handling facilities, 

and fences. Within 5 years of a decision being made to 

implement an Allotment Management Plan, relocate or 

reconstruct, at least 75 percent of the identified range 

infrastructure (for example, water developments, fences, 

loading chutes, and holding structures) that has become nonfunctional or in need of replacement. 

During the expected

15 years of plan 

implementation

Scenery Evaluate scenery management monitoring results and 

implement appropriate management adjustments with the 

emphasis on improving the sustainability of desired landscape 

character in landscape areas of highest expectations for 

scenic integrity levels in concern level 1 and concern level 2 

scenic viewsheds.

Within 5 years of plan 

approval, and every 5 

years after

Scenery Move 10 percent of travel route scenic viewsheds foreground 

and middleground areas of concern level 1 or concern level 2 

toward meeting scenic integrity objectives. 

During the expected 

15 years of plan 

implementation

Integrated Pest 

Management

Damaging plant, animal, insect and plant and animal disease 

pest outbreaks are prevented, suppressed, contained, 

controlled or eradicated in a timely manner in accordance with 

proactive pest response plans. 

New outbreaks are 

addressed within one year 

of detection through the 

life of the plan

Administrative 

and Recreation 

Sites 

Provide a minimum of one large (100+ person capacity) group 

site for day or overnight use in a location where there is a 

demonstrated need identified through public demand.

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Administrative 

and Recreation 

Sites 

Increase parking capacity at one Sno-Park and one trailhead 

where use exceeds designed parking lot capacity on more 

than 25 percent of weekends.

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Nationally 

Designated 

Trails

Relocate 10 to 15 percent of the trail miles currently located on 

roads into a non-motorized trail setting.

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Research 

Natural Areas

Complete the establishment record on all proposed research 

natural areas.

Within 5 years of plan 

implementation

Research 

Natural Areas

Treat populations of invasive, non-native species on an 

average of 10 acres annually.

Within 5 years of plan 

implementation

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Restore riparian processes and balance need for occupancy 

and access to water at 75 dispersed and developed recreation 

sites, through education, enforcement, and engineering where 

recreational use results in bank damage, reduction in water 

quality, and/or a reduction in stream shade.

Over the next 15 years
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

179

Category Project/Activity Timeframe to complete

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Restore hydrologic and riparian habitat function within RMAs 

in non-key watersheds by reducing road-related impacts on 80

miles of road. 

Within 15 years

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Move upland vegetation within Riparian Management Areas 

outside of key watersheds toward historical range of variability 

on 500 acres. 

Within 15 years of plan

implementation

Scenic Byways Move 10 percent of the foreground and middle ground seen 

areas of national scenic byways toward meeting scenic 

integrity objectives. Priority for rehabilitation and enhancement 

of desired landscape character includes the Sherman Pass 

Scenic Byway. 

During the expected 

15 years of plan 

implementation

Kettle Crest 

Recreation 

Area

Construct at least one trailhead for the motorized trail system 

that accesses the Backcountry Motorized Management Area 

associated with the Twin Sisters Inventoried Roadless Area. 

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Kettle Crest 

Recreation 

Area

Design and construct at least one motorized loop trail 

opportunity within the Backcountry Motorized Management 

Area associated with the Twin Sisters Inventoried Roadless 

Area and at least one non-motorized loop trail opportunity 

within the Backcountry Management Area associated with the 

Profanity Inventoried Roadless Area. 

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

Kettle Crest 

Recreation 

Area

Move or reconstruct the over-snow vehicle sno-park located 

on the Albian Hill Road (Forest Road 2030) to accommodate 

at least twice the existing capacity. 

Within 15 years of plan 

implementation

WildernessCongressionally Designated

Existing campsites will be inventoried. Campsites that are both 

visible and audible to each other will be surveyed and the site 

that shows the greatest resilience toward future resource 

disturbance (based on soil and vegetation characteristics) will 

be retained while the other site will be naturalized. 

Within 5 years of plan 

implementation

WildernessCongressionally Designated

Existing campsites within 200 feet of lakes, rivers, or streams 

will be inventoried. Campsites that can absorb the impact of 

recurring recreational use will be retained while those 

campsites that show low resiliency to repeated use (based on 

impacts to soil, vegetation, and water quality) will be 

naturalized.

Within 5 years of plan 

implementation

POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT ACTIONS

Chapters 2 and 3 of the Plan describe some of the possible management actions for achieving 

desired conditions and objectives. These are summarized in the following sections.

TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

Vegetation

Vegetation management includes those activities that actively move vegetation toward desired 

conditions. Vegetation management might include activities that would maintain or increase 

representation of early seral, shade-intolerant, drought and fire tolerant, insect/disease resistant 

species dominance types. Activities could treat areas to maintain or improve forest resilience, 

natural diversity, and productivity, and to reduce negative impacts of non-native organisms over the 

life of the Plan. Specifically, the following types of actions are likely to occur: 

• Planting white pine blister rust resistant western white pine or whitebark pine; 
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

180

• Pruning of western white pine to reduce vulnerability to white pine blister rust;

• Pruning or girdling trees to reduce dwarf mistletoe infections; 

• Maintenance or restoration of rare plant habitat and special and unique natural communities; 

• Planting shade-intolerant, fire-adapted, drought resistant species; 

• Managing stands to retain or move toward late seral structure where the landscape is 

deficient in late seral structure (below HRV); 

• Management or treatment of insects and diseases using integrated pest management 

techniques; 

• Commercial timber harvest to move toward HRV, improve wildlife habitat, and achieve 

desired conditions.

Fire Management 

Actions related to treatment of fuels will include the following: 

• Planned ignitions; 

• Mechanical treatments, including commercial timber sales and noncommercial treatments; 

and 

• Unplanned ignitions. 

Forest Products

Actions include:

• Use timber production and tree cutting to achieve vegetation desired conditions and 

contribute to the local and regional economy;

• Intermediate timber harvest (commercial thinning, improvement cutting, etc.); 

• Regeneration harvest with treatments that are even-age in nature (clearcut, or two-age 

regeneration), or uneven-age (group selection or single tree selection); and 

• Salvage of dead or dying timber. 

• Gathering of firewood, huckleberries, and other special forest products. 

• Offer the projected wood sale quantity (PWSQ), which is an average of 62 million board feet 

per year. The PWSQ represents the amount of timber and all other wood products, including 

firewood, that are expected to be sold during the plan period from harvests for any purpose 

(except salvage harvest or sanitation harvest) on all lands in the planning area. Actual volume 

offered in an individual year may vary due to budget or regulatory conditions.

Vegetation treatments as modelled for determination of effects:

Table B-2 shows what treatments were proposed and included by management area for modelling 

vegetation changes in ST-SIM related to the revised land management plan. If a treatment is not 

included within a management area, the treatment is not prohibited, but was not considered as a 

primary management tool.
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

181

Table B-2. Modelled vegetation treatments by management area and vegetation type 

Fire Stand improvement Final harvest

Management area (model zone) Vegetation type

Prescribed fire (light)Prescribed fire (mixed)Prescribed fire (severe)Precommercial thinningThinning small and mediumPartial harvest polesPartial harvest smallPartial harvest mediumVariable density thinningShelterwood w/ reservesRegeneration small and mediumSalvage

Focused & General Restoration Douglas-fir dry X X X X X

Northern Rocky Mountain mixed conifer X X

Western red cedar / Western hemlock

Subalpine fir / Lodgepole pine X X 

Spruce / Subalpine fir

Wilderness / Other Douglas-fir dry X

Northern Rocky Mountain mixed conifer

Western red cedar / Western hemlock

Subalpine fir / Lodgepole pine X 

Spruce / Subalpine fir
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182

Invasive Species 

• Use an array of tools (chemical, biological, manual, mechanical, and cultural) to suppress, 

contain, control or eradicate invasive species. An integrated pest management approach that 

minimizes adverse effects of treatment will be favored. Integrated pest management is 

appropriate within all management areas, however there are limitations for mechanical 

treatment within wilderness.

• Provide education and outreach programs designed to increase awareness of invasive species. 

• Implement preventative measures (e.g., pre- and post-work equipment sanitation, requiring 

certified weed-free seed, hay, and gravel if available, sequencing of activities) through annual 

operating instructions, permitting, contracting, and other forest administrative processes. 

• Collaborate with other agencies and entities to replace non-native aquatic species with 

natives. 

• Cooperate with Washington State agencies, local governments and other organizations to 

support a successful invasive species management program. Prepare or review proactive 

invasive species response plans. 

Wildlife

Wildlife habitat management involves establishing and maintaining the vegetation diversity 

necessary to provide food, cover, and security for all wildlife species native to the Forest in 

cooperation with federal, state, and other organizations. Activities might include: 

• maintenance or restoration of wildlife habitat (e.g., burning); 

• site-specific improvement of motorized access densities and secure core habitat parameters 

within Grizzly Bear Management subunits; 

• road closures (permanent and/or seasonal) to improve deer/elk winter range.

AQUATIC AND RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS

Management activities include both passive and active restoration to maintain and improve habitat 

and ecological conditions capable of supporting ground & surface hydrologic function and selfsustaining populations of native riparian-dependent plant and animal species. Passive restoration is 

the broad-scale natural recovery of the aquatic ecosystem and includes implementation of best 

management practices, key watersheds and designation of riparian management areas. Active 

restoration includes management activities with the specific goal of restoring the processes that 

improve aquatic and riparian habitat function. 

Activities may include: 

• Active stream restoration actions at selected stream reaches to improve degraded conditions 

and stream channel stability (e.g., adding large woody debris to streams); 

• Planting riparian vegetation for bank stability and shade; 

• Treating invasive terrestrial plant species in riparian areas to improve riparian community 

structure; 

• Removal, reconstruction, or improved maintenance of roads located in riparian areas to 

improve watershed health and reduce sediment delivery to the aquatic ecosystem; 
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Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

183

• Treating upland roads to reduce water interception; 

• Culvert replacement or removal to improve passage for native species, where appropriate; 

• Culvert replacement or removal to improve hydrologic function and sediment transport; and

• Riparian area fencing.

SOCIAL SYSTEMS

Access and Recreation 

Recreation management includes those activities that assist in providing a range of recreation 

opportunities across the Forest. Specifically, the following types of actions are likely to occur: 

• Trail construction, reconstruction, maintenance, and relocation; 

• Construction of facilities such as parking areas, toilets, trailheads, information kiosks, fishing 

access, and boating access points; 

• Maintain and upgrade facilities such as campgrounds, picnic areas, toilets, and parking lots; 

Identification and abatement of natural and human-caused hazards (i.e. removal of stinging 

insects, removal of exposed nails, replacement of broken infrastructure such as tables or 

benches) at developed recreation facilities such as campgrounds, day-use areas, trailheads, 

boat ramps, and rental cabins; 

• Hazard tree removal within developed recreation sites and along roadways; 

• Implement education and signing measures to inform users of potential natural hazards (i.e. 

seasonal flooding, hazard trees, wildfire), how to identify potentially hazardous conditions, 

and what to do in an emergency situation (who to contact, egress routes, etc.); 

• Implement environmental education and interpretive programs to encourage youth and 

families to recreate on their national forests; 

• Maintain and modify dispersed recreation sites to reduce or eliminate resource concerns; 

• Implement the Scenery Management System across the Forest; 

• Maintain (e.g., clearing, grading, brushing, providing functioning water structures) and 

improve (e.g., realignment, resurface, new bridges and water structures) the existing road and 

trail system and construct new roads and trails when needed; 

• Manage designations of roads, trails and areas for motor vehicle use; 

• Identify areas and trails for motorized and non-motorized winter uses on the Forest; 

• Implement measures (e.g., education, signage, law enforcement, seasonal road closures) to 

discourage encroachment of motorized vehicles into non-motorized areas; 

• Use educational techniques (e.g., brochures, signs) to help users understand motorized and 

non-motorized use etiquette; 

• Issue and administer special use permits for commercial and non-commercial recreation 

opportunities (e.g., resorts, ski areas, outfitter and guides, special events); 

• Repair and maintenance of administrative facilities including annual maintenance tasks (lawn 

mowing, brushing, painting, sign replacement, etc.) and deferred maintenance (roof 

replacement, asphalt patching and sealing, electrical upgrades, etc.); 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

184

• Improvements to infrastructure to meet increased health and safety requirements such as 

those associated with new drinking water or sewage treatment regulations; 

• Improvements to reduce operation and maintenance costs of recreation and administrative 

facilities (improve energy efficiency); 

• Emergency repairs caused by natural events; and 

• Building and road decommissioning to move toward Desired Conditions. 

Air Quality 

The main management action taken by the Forest that could affect air quality is fire. Planned 

ignitions will follow all Washington State smoke regulations to reduce the potential impacts of 

smoke.

Heritage Resources

Heritage resources activities will likely consist of:

• Conducting surveys to identify significant sites, and follow-up actions necessary to protect, 

stabilize, or salvage sites;

• Identifying and evaluating heritage resources for the National Register of Historic Places;

• Stabilizing, rehabilitating, restoring, and caring for heritage resources;

• Conducting deferred maintenance to historic facilities;

• Promoting heritage values through public education, outreach, and interpretative programs; 

and

• Conducting scientific and historic research on heritage sites. 

American Indian Rights and Interests

Activities will likely consist of:

• Ongoing government-to-government and staff consultation for each federally recognized tribe 

with historical or treaty interests in forest land, through a cooperatively established 

communication policy; 

• Develop and maintain effective working relationships and recognize American Indian Tribal

viewpoints. 

Lands and Special Uses

Lands program actions are likely to include: 

• Maintaining landlines and actions associated with adjusting NFS ownership through 

purchases, exchanges, or other conveyances; 

• Conveyance; 

• Land exchange; 

• Right-of-way and land acquisition; 

• Permitting land and recreation special uses (e.g., easements), structures (e.g., communication 

towers), outfitter/guides, and special events; and 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

185

• Initiating requests for new withdrawals and/or revocations of existing withdrawals.

Livestock Grazing

Management activities relating to livestock grazing on the national forest can include building 

fences, constructing and maintaining water developments, managing invasive plants, implementing 

deferred or rest-rotation grazing systems, and improving livestock distribution. Activities will likely 

consist of: 

• Complete environmental analysis and assess and update allotment management plans to 

improve allotment management and protect and manage the resources present within them; 

• Consider grazing in the context of timing, intensity, and duration of use and adjust accordingly 

to respond to changing resource conditions; 

• Work with permittees, the State, tribes, and other organizations to maintain or improve 

rangeland conditions; 

• Develop, re-develop and maintain range developments (e.g., fence, corrals and water 

developments). 

Minerals and Energy

Management activities relating to mineral activities can include requiring prior authorization for 

collection of salable minerals, and prior authorization for exploration and development of salable

minerals. Activities will likely consist of: 

• Mineral materials development; 

• Abandoned mine reclamation; 

• Locatable and leasable minerals exploration and development; 

• Monitoring approved plans of operation and operating permits for compliance; 

• Take action to ensure plan compliance; 

• Ensure installation and function of best management practices (BMP) and mitigation; and 

• Exercise consent authority in response to mineral leasing applications.

Road Construction

• Road reconstruction (includes work to implement best management practices (BMP) work);

• Temporary road construction;

• Annual road maintenance;

• Deferred road maintenance;

• Drainage structure repair and replacement;

• Road decommissioning; and

• Emergency repairs caused by natural events.
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix B – Proposed and Possible Management Actions

186

Scenery

Scenery management tools and techniques are mostly accomplished through: 

• Maintenance, restoration, or enhancement of the natural landscape. This is done through use 

of the vegetation, wildlife and the aquatic and riparian tools and techniques described above. 

Social and Economic Systems 

• Contribute to and support local jobs and labor income within the counties surrounding the 

forest through anticipated outputs associated with management activities; 

• Coordinate management plans and activities with state, local and Tribal governments.
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

187

Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish, and Plant Species of 

the Colville National Forest

INTRODUCTION

Threatened, endangered, and proposed or candidate species are designated under the ESA by the 

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. Sensitive species are designated by the Forest Service and based on 

the Region 6 Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species list for this Forest Plan (USDA Forest Service

2015e). The status of species identified in this appendix may change during the life of the Forest 

Plan due to changes in ESA listings and periodic updates to the Region 6 Regional Forester’s 

sensitive species list.

This appendix identifies plant, wildlife, and fish species listed as threatened, endangered, proposed 

or candidate under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), as well as species classified as Region 6 

sensitive, focal, or surrogate species found on the Colville National Forest (Table C-1). 

Surrogate species were identified for the Colville National Forest, and represent other species that 

share similar habitat and risk factors, including Region 6 sensitive species, state-listed species, or 

other species for which the published literature has identified a concern for their viability. Focal 

species are a subset of the surrogate species that will be used for monitoring (see chapter 4). 

Species of management interest are big game species that are of high interest to the public. 

Washington State rank (WNHP 2015) characterizes the relative rarity or endangerment of plants

within the state of Washington. Factors including, but not limited to, number of known occurrences 

are considered when assigning a rank. Two codes together represent an inexact range (e.g., S1S2) or 

different ranks for breeding and non-breeding populations (e.g., S1B, S3N) (Washington Natural 

Heritage Program State Rank (NatureServe 2017)). Values and their definitions:

• S1 = Critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity or other factors making it 

especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state. (Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very 

few remaining individuals or acres)

• S2 = Imperiled in the state because of rarity or other factors making it very vulnerable to 

extirpation from the state. (Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or 

acres)

• S3 = Rare or uncommon in the state. (Typically 21 to 100 occurrences)

• SNR = Not yet ranked. Sufficient time and effort have not yet been devoted to ranking of 

this taxon
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

188

Table C-1. Wildlife, fish, and plant species found on the Colville National Forest

Species ESA listing

Focal (F)/ 

Surrogate 

(S) species

R6 Sensitive 

species

Management 

interest

Federal and 

WNHP State 

rank

Terrestrial Wildlife

American marten 

Martes americana

S 

Bald eagle

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

S X 

Bighorn sheep

Ovis canadensis

S 

Black-backed woodpecker

Picoides arcticus

F/S

Canada lynx

Lynx canadensis

Threatened S 

Cassin’s finch

Haemorhous cassinii

S 

Columbia spotted frog

Rana luteiventris

S 

Common Loon

Gavia immer

X 

Eared Grebe

Podiceps nigricollis

S 

Eastern Tailed blue

Cupido comyntas

X 

Fir Pinwheel

Radiodiscus abietum

X 

Fox sparrow

Passerella iliaca

S 

Fringed myotis

Myotis thysanodes

S 

Golden eagle

Aquila chrysaetos

S 

Gray Wolf

Canis lupus

X 

Great Gray Owl

Strix nebulosa

X 

Grizzly bear

Ursus arctos

Threatened

Harlequin duck

Histrionicus histrionicus

S X 

Lark Sparrow

Chondestes grammacus

S 

Lewis’ woodpecker

Melanerpes lewis

S 

Little Brown Myotis

Myotis lucifugus

X 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

189

Species ESA listing

Focal (F)/ 

Surrogate 

(S) species

R6 Sensitive 

species

Management 

interest

Federal and 

WNHP State 

rank

MacGillivray’s warbler

Oporornis tolmiei

F/S

Magnum mantleslug

Magnipelta mycophaga

X 

Marsh Wren

Cistothorus palustris

S 

Meadow Fritillary

Boloria Bellona toddi

X 

Mule deer and white-tailed 

deer

Odocoileus hemionus and 

Odocoileus virginianus

X 

Northern bog lemming

Synaptomys borealis

S 

Northern goshawk 

Accipiter gentilis

F/S X 

Northern Harrier

Circus hudsonius

S 

Pallid Bat

Antrozous pallidus

S 

Peck’s Skipper

Polites peckius

X 

Peregrine Falcon

Falco peregrinus

S X 

Pileated woodpecker

Dryocopus pileatus

S 

Pygmy shrew

Sorex hoyi

X 

Red-tailed Chipmunk

Neotamias ruficaudus

X 

Rocky mountain elk

Cervus canadensis

X 

Rosner’s Hairstreak

Callophrys nelsoni rosneri

X 

Sage Thrasher

Oreoscoptes montanus

S 

Sandhill Crane

Grus canadensis tabida

X 

Tawny-edged Skipper

Polites themistocles

X 

Tiger Salamander

Ambystoma tigrinum

S 

Townsend’s big-eared bat

Corynorhinus townsendii

S X 
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Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

190

Species ESA listing

Focal (F)/ 

Surrogate 

(S) species

R6 Sensitive 

species

Management 

interest

Federal and 

WNHP State 

rank

Western bluebird

Sialia mexicana

S

Western bumblebee

Bombus occidentalis

X 

White-headed woodpecker

Picoides albolarvatus

F/S X 

Wilson’s Snipe

Gallinago delicata

S 

Wolverine

Gulo gulo

Proposed S X 

Wood Duck

Aix sponsa

S 

Woodland caribou

Rangifer tarandus caribou

Endangered

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Coccyzus americanus

Threatened

Plants

Arctic aster

Eurybia merita

X S1S2 

Beaked sedge

Carex rostrata

X S1 

Black snake-root

Sanicula marilandica

X S2 

Bristly sedge

Carex comosa

X S2 

Bulb-bearing water-hemlock

Cicuta bulbifera

X S2 

Cartilage lichen

Ramalina thrausta

X S2 

Creeping snowberry

Gaultheria hispidula

X S2 

Crenulate moonwort

Botrychium crenulatum

X S3 

Crested woodfern

Dryopteris cristata

X S2 

Drummond’s mountainavens

Dryas drummondii var. 

drummondii

X S2 

False mountain willow

Salix pseudomonticola

X S1 

Flat-top pussytoes

Antennaria corymbosa

X S1 

Green-keeled cottongrass

Eriophorum viridicarinatum

X S2 
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Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

191

Species ESA listing

Focal (F)/ 

Surrogate 

(S) species

R6 Sensitive 

species

Management 

interest

Federal and 

WNHP State 

rank

Hair-like sedge

Carex capillaris

X S1

Hoary willow

Salix candida

X S1 

Idaho gooseberry

Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. 

irriguum 

X S2 

Kidney-leaved violet

Viola renifolia

X S2 

Least bladdery milk-vetch

Astragalus microcystis

X S2 

McCall’s willow

Salix maccalliana

X S1 

Mexican muhly

Muhlenbergia mexicana var. 

mexicana

X SNR

Northern adderstongue

Ophioglossum pusillum

X S1S2 

Poor sedge

Carex magellanica ssp. 

irrigua 

X S2S3 

Prairie cordgrass

Spartina pectinata

X S2 

Quill sedge

Carex tenera

X S1 

Sandberg’s desert-parsley

Lomatium sandbergii

X S1 

Slender moonwort

Botrychium lineare

X S1 

Small northern bog-orchid

Platanthera obtusata

X S2 

Smoky Mountain sedge

Carex proposita

X S2 

Sparse flowered sedge

Carex tenuiflora

X S1 

Spiked muhly

Muhlenbergia glomerata

X S1S2 

Stalked moonwort

Botrychium pedunculosum

X S2 

Steller’s rockbrake

Cryptogramma stelleri

X S1S2 

Strict blue-eyed grass

Sisyrinchium montanum

X S1 

Treelike clubmoss

Lycopodium dendroideum

X S2
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Appendix C – Wildlife, Fish and Plant Species of the Colville National Forest

192

Species ESA listing

Focal (F)/ 

Surrogate 

(S) species

R6 Sensitive 

species

Management 

interest

Federal and 

WNHP State 

rank

Twin-spiked moonwort

Botrychium paradoxum

X S2

Upward-lobed moonwort

Botrychium ascendens

X S2 

Water avens

Geum rivale

X S2S3 

Western moonwort

Botrychium hesperium

X S1 

Wheeler’s bluegrass

Poa nervosa

X S2 

Whitebark pine

Pinus albicaulis

Candidate X Federal 

Candidate, 

not state 

ranked

Yellow lady’s slipper

Cypripedium parviflorum

X S2 

Fish and Aquatic 

Invertebrates

Bull trout

Salvelinus confluentus

Threatened F/S

Delicate emerald

Somatochlora franklini

X 

Lake Chub

Couesius plumbeus

X 

Pygmy Whitefish

Prosopium coulteri

X 

Redband/rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss 

gairdneri

F/S X 

Subarctic bluet

Coenagrion interrogatum

X 

Subarctic darner

Aeshna subarctica

X 

Umatilla dace

Rhinichthys umatilla

X 

Westslope Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi

F/S X 

Whitehouse emerald

Somatochlora whitehousei

X 

Zigzag darner 

Aeshna sitchensis

X 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

193

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

This Forest Plan incorporates the Scenery Management System (SMS). SMS presents a vocabulary for 

managing scenery and a systematic approach for determining the relative value and importance of 

scenery in a national forest. The system is to be used in the context of ecosystem management to 

inventory and analyze scenery in a national forest, to assist in the establishment of overall resource goals 

and objectives, to monitor the scenic resource, and to ensure high-quality scenery for future generations

The SMS provides an overall framework for the inventory, analysis and management of scenery. The 

system applies to every acre of national forest and national grassland administered by the Forest Service 

and to all Forest Service activities, including timber harvesting, road building, stream improvements, 

special use developments, utility line construction, recreation developments, and fuels management. 

The SMS is used to support and complement all management activities. 

SCENIC INTEGRITY

The concept of scenic integrity was developed as a way to measure the amount of visual disturbance 

that contrasts with and/or detracts from the natural or socially valued appearance in a landscape. It 

provides a contextual measurement of the presence, intensity and dominance of human-caused visual 

disturbances in the landscape. Within a natural resources setting, these visual disturbances can include 

timber harvest, road construction, mining, utilities development, recreational facilities, ski areas, and 

other special uses.

Scenic integrity changes based on the amount of human caused deviation in form, line, color, and 

texture of a landscape. It is measured as the amount of deviation a viewer can see from a concern level 1 

or concern level 2 route (see figures D-1 through D-7, and tables D-3 through D-6). Scenic integrity serves 

as a frame of reference for measuring scenic integrity levels based on the valued attributes of the 

existing landscape character being viewed. The degrees of integrity vary from VERY HIGH to VERY LOW. 

Scenic integrity also applies to extreme scenic disturbances caused by natural events whenever these 

events are outside the historical range of variability (HRV) for the landscape character. Large scale or high 

intensity events, such as catastrophic wildfires, insect and disease disturbances that exceed the HRV are 

considered negative visual disturbances to the valued landscape character, while those within the HRV 

are considered neutral or beneficial elements functioning within the ecosystem’s parameters.

Table D-1 displays the six scenic integrity objective (SIO) levels and the landscape conditions associated 

with each level (how people perceive them, as viewed from a concern level 1 or concern level 2 travel 

route)(USDA Forest Service 1995c, Landscape Aesthetics, p A-1, 2-4). The Colville National Forest has a 

full range of scenic integrity objective levels from Very High, to High, Moderate, Low and Very Low; 

Wilderness and Recommended Wilderness is Very High. Table D-2 shows the SIO level(s) prescribed for 

each Forest Plan management area. 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

194

Table D-1. Scenic integrity and condition definitions

Scenic integrity 

objective (SIO) 

Definition

VERY HIGH 

(Preservation VQO)

Unaltered. Landscape is intact with only minor changes from the valued landscape 

character associated with significant scenic landscapes. This SIO is typically (but not 

exclusively) associated with specially designated areas such as wilderness or other 

designations that imply the landscape is natural-appearing and only ecological 

changes occur.

HIGH 

(Retention VQO)

Appears Unaltered. Management activities are unnoticed and the landscape 

character appears unaltered.

MODERATE 

(Partial Retention VQO)

Slightly Altered. Management activities are noticeable but are subordinate to the 

landscape character. The landscape appears slightly altered. 

LOW 

(Modification VQO)

Moderately Altered. Management activities are evident and sometimes dominate the 

landscape character but are designed to blend with surroundings by repeating line, 

form, color, texture of landscape character attributes. The landscape appears altered. 

VERY LOW

(Maximum Modification 

VQO)

Heavily Altered. Management activities create a “heavily altered landscape.” 

Changes may strongly dominate the landscape. 

UNACCEPTABLY LOW 

(for inventory purposes 

only, not a 

management objective)

Unacceptable Modification. Management activities create an extremely altered 

landscape. Deviations are extremely dominant and borrow little if any form, line, color, 

texture, pattern or scale from the landscape character. Landscapes at this level of 

integrity need rehabilitation.

Table D-2. Scenic integrity objective by management area

Management area (MA) Scenic integrity objective (SIO) 

Focused Restoration (FR) Low/Moderate/High

General Restoration (GR) Low/Moderate/High

Backcountry (BC) High

Backcountry Motorized (BCM) High

Research Natural Areas (RNA) High

Kettle Crest Recreation Area (KCRA) High

Scenic Byways (SB) High

Wilderness – Congressionally Designated (W) Very High

Recommended Wilderness (RW) Very High

Administrative and Recreation Sites (ARS) Low/Moderate/High

Nationally Designated Trails (NT) High

Riparian Management Area (RMA) Low/Moderate/High

Wild and Scenic Rivers (eligible) (WSR) (see below)

Wild Segment Very High

Scenic Segment (None Proposed) High

Recreation Segment High
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

195

Figure D-1. Colville National Forest scenic integrity objectives
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

196

Figure D-2. Republic Ranger District scenic integrity objectives 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

197

Table D-3. Republic Ranger District scenic viewsheds

Scenic Viewsheds 

Concern level 1 travel route and nationally 

designated recreation or scenic trail viewsheds

Concern level 2 travel route viewsheds

Scenic Integrity Objectives Prescribed

Very High SIO (Unaltered)

High SIO (Appears Unaltered) 

Moderate SIO (Slightly Altered)

Low SIO (Moderately Altered)

Distance Zones

Immediate Foreground High SIO - distance zone is 0 to 300 feet

Foreground High SIO (FG) - distance zone is 300 feet to 1⁄2 mile

Middleground High SIO (MG) - distance zone is 1⁄2 mile to 4 miles

Background Moderate SIO (BG) - distance zone 4 miles to horizon 

Concern Level 1 Travel Route Viewsheds 

(High SIO FG, High MG Seen Area) 

RTE_NO NAME 

C602 BOULDER DEER CREEK/6100

5330130 FERRY LAKE CAMPGROUND

C270 KLONDIKE

5300400 LONG LAKE BOAT LAUNCH

5300460 LONG LAKE CAMPGROUND

5330100 OLD SWAN LAKE ROAD

5300000 SCATTER CREEK

WA-20 STATE ROUTE 20/2000

WA-21 STATE ROUTE 21

C502 TORODA CREEK

C501 WEST KETTLE RIVER RD

Concern Level 2 Travel Route Viewsheds 

(High SIO FG, High to Moderate MG SIO) 

RTE_NO NAME 

2053000

2086000

2086480

2148000

C201

C212

C514-08.3

C514 2086/WEST FORK TROUT CREEK

DEER CREEK SUMMIT NORTH

DEER CREEK SUMMIT SOUTH

2050600 EAST FORK HALL CREEK

2150000 EMPIRE

5330000 GAFFNEY

3125000 GARDNER

2149000 GOODRICH

C99 HALL CREEK

2149600 HENRY CREEK

2149700 KELLY

2114000 LITTLE VULCAN

C570 LUNDIMO MEADOWS

3575000 NICHOLSON CR

C517 NORTH FORK TROUT CREEK

5320000 RATTLESNAKE

C233 REFRIGERATOR CANYON

C253 SHERIDAN

C257 SWAMP CREEK

5314000 SWAN BUTTE RD

2113000 VULCAN

C615 VULCAN MOUNTAIN

2100500 MCMANN/QUARTZ

Concern Level 1 Nationally Designated Recreation or 

Scenic Trail Viewsheds 

Pacific Northwest Trail

Kettle Crest North

Foreground or seen area High SIO

Middleground assumes the Forest Wide 

Management Area SIO
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

198

Figure D-3. Three Rivers Ranger District scenic integrity objectives (map 1 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

199

Figure D-4. Three Rivers Ranger District scenic integrity objectives (map 2 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

200

Figure D-5. Three Rivers Ranger District scenic integrity objectives (map 3 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

201

Table D-4. Three Rivers Ranger District scenic viewsheds

Scenic Viewsheds 

Concern level 1 travel route and nationally designated 

recreation or scenic trail viewsheds

Concern level 2 travel route viewsheds

Scenic Integrity Objectives Prescribed

Very High SIO (Unaltered)

High SIO (Appears Unaltered) 

Moderate SIO (Slightly Altered)

Low SIO (Moderately Altered)

Distance Zones

Immediate Foreground High SIO - distance zone is 0 to 300 feet

Foreground High SIO (FG) - distance zone is 300 feet to 1⁄2 mile

Middleground High SIO (MG) - distance zone is 1⁄2 mile to 4 miles

Background Moderate SIO (BG) - distance zone 4 miles to horizon

Concern Level 1 Travel Route Viewsheds 

(High SIO FG, High MG Seen Area) 

RTE_NO NAME 

US-395

C9435 ALADDIN

1700426 BIG MEADOW LAKE BOAT LAUNCH

1700424 BIG MEADOW LAKE BOAT PARKING

1700423 BIG MEADOW LAKE CAMPGROUND

1700425 BIG MEADOW LAKE CAMPGROUND

1700429 BIG MEADOW LAKE CAMPGROUND

C602 BOULDER DEER CREEK/6100

2000138 CANYON CREEK CAMPGROUND

C9445 DEEP LAKE BOUNDARY

9411130 DOMINION MTN

C2902 FLOWERY TRAIL (WEST)/4300

C3 INCHELIUM HWY

2014017 LAKE ELLEN BOAT WEST AND BOAT

9413160 LITTLE TWIN BEACH

9413165 LITTLE TWIN BOAT LAUNCH

9413170 LITTLE TWIN CAMPGROUND

9413150 LITTLE TWIN CAMPGROUND DRIVE

9400160 LK GILLETTE BOAT LAUNCH

9400170 LK GILLETTE CAMPGROUND

9400165 LK GILLETTE PICNIC CAMPGROUND

2000134 LOG FLUME HERITAGE SITE -ADMIN

C4987 PEND ORIELLE LAKE

C4015 PIERRE LAKE

1500020 PIERRE LAKE BOAT LAUNCH

1500016 PIERRE LAKE CAMPGROUND

1500022 PIERRE LAKE CAMPGROUND

2000493 SHERMAN OVERLOOK CAMPGROUND

2000493A SHERMAN OVERLOOK CAMPGROUND

WA-20 STATE ROUTE 20/2000

WA-25 STATE ROUTE 25

9400205 THOMAS LAKE CAMPGROUND

9400206 THOMAS LAKE CAMPGROUND

C4980 YOUNG

Concern Level 2 Travel Route Viewsheds (High SIO 

FG, High to Moderate MG SIO) 

RTE_NO NAME 

2030000 ALBIAN HILL

2000136 BANGS MTN

2014000 BARNABY CREEK

C4939 BLACK LAKE

1500030 BOX CANYON

6113000 BULLDOG CABIN

C2978 BURNT VALLEY

9565080 DAVIS LAKE CAMPGROUND

9565000 DEADMAN

C460 DEADMAN CREEK

C9445 DEEP LAKE BOUNDARY

9411000 DOMINION

C3630 IMMEL

C465 JACKNIFE

C412 LAKE ELLEN

1500000 LIMESTONE CHURCHILL

LITTLE PEND OREILLE ORV

C4920 LITTLE TWIN LAKES

C2695 MEADOW CREEK/1700

C4702 MEADOW CREEK/1700

9521000 NORTH FORK CHEWELAH CREEK

C4015 PIERRE LAKE

RUFUS

C2998 SAND CANYON

6110000 SOUTH BOULDER

C4954 SOUTH FORK MILL CREEK/SR20

2020000 SOUTH SHERMAN

C2389 TACOMA CREEK/2600

2712000 TACOMA DIVIDE

9517000 TOWER

2000020 TROUT LAKE CAMPGROUND

2014250 WHITE MTN

Concern Level 1 Nationally Designated Recreation or Scenic Trail 

Viewsheds 

2000495 Pacific Northwest Trail

Pacific Northwest Trail

C602 Pacific Northwest Trail

WA-25 STATE ROUTE 25 - PNW Trail

KETTLE CREST SOUTH

Foreground or seen area High SIO

Middleground assumes the Forest Wide Management 

Area SIO
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

202

Figure D-6. Sullivan Lake Ranger District scenic integrity objectives 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

203

Table D-5. Sullivan Lake Ranger District scenic viewsheds

Scenic Viewsheds 

Concern level 1 travel route and nationally designated 

recreation or scenic trail viewsheds

Concern level 2 travel route viewsheds

Scenic Integrity Objectives Prescribed

Very High SIO (Unaltered)

High SIO (Appears Unaltered) 

Moderate SIO (Slightly Altered)

Low SIO (Moderately Altered)

Distance Zones

Immediate Foreground High SIO - distance zone is 0 to 300 feet

Foreground High SIO (FG) - distance zone is 300 feet to 1⁄2 mile

Middleground High SIO (MG) - distance zone is 1⁄2 mile to 4 miles

Background Moderate SIO (BG) - distance zone 4 miles to horizon

Concern Level 1 Travel Route Viewsheds 

(High SIO FG, High MG Seen Area) 

RTE_NO NAME 

C2975

C9345

3310135 EDGEWATER CAMP BOAT LAUNCH

3310130 EDGEWATER CAMPGROUND

C9325 LE CLERC (NORTH)

2200236 MILL POND - ADMIN

2200233 MILL POND CAMPGROUND

3300036 NOISY CAMPGOUND / SHEEP FEEDER

3300040 NOISY CAMPGOUND/SHEEP FEEDER

3300045 NOISY CAMPGROUND NE LOOP

3300047 NOISY CAMPGROUND SE LOOP

3300035 NOISY CREEK CAMPGROUND

3300032 NOISY GROUP CAMP - ADMIN

2200000 NORDMAN-METALINE

2220270 SALMO LOOKOUT

WA-20 STATE ROUTE 20/2000

WA-31 STATE ROUTE 31

3300232 SULLIVAN CAMPGROUND WEST

2200248 SULLIVAN GROUP CAMP - ADMIN

2200241 SULLIVAN LAKE CAMPGROUND

2200247 SULLIVAN LAKE CAMPGROUND

2200244 SULLIVAN LAKE CAMPGROUND LOOP

2200246 SULLIVAN LAKE CAMPGROUND LOOP

3300221 SULLIVAN LAKE COMPOUND

2200243 SULLIVAN LK BOAT LAUNCH

2220000 SULLIVAN SALMO

Concern Level 2 Travel Route Viewsheds (High SIO FG, 

High to Moderate MG SIO) 

RTE_NO NAME 

1933000 DRY CANYON

1935000

1936000 PAU PAC TIOGA

2212000 HIGHLINE

9400500

9400509

9400510

C2695 MEADOW CREEK/1700

C2714 SMACKOUT PASS/1715

C3503

Concern Level 1 Nationally Designated Recreation or Scenic 

Trail Viewsheds 

3165000 Pacific Northwest Trail

3165305 Pacific Northwest Trail

3165310 Pacific Northwest Trail

6200350 Pacific Northwest Trail

Pacific Northwest Trail

PASS CREEK - GRASSY TOP

SHEDROOF DIVIDE

LAKESHORE

Foreground or seen area High SIO

Middleground assumes the Forest Wide Management 

Area SIO
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

204

Figure D-7. Newport Ranger District scenic integrity objectives 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives 

205

Table D-6. Newport Ranger District scenic viewsheds

Scenic Viewsheds 

Concern level 1 travel route and nationally designated 

recreation or scenic trail viewsheds

Concern level 2 travel route viewsheds

Scenic Integrity Objectives Prescribed

Very High SIO (Unaltered)

High SIO (Appears Unaltered) 

Moderate SIO (Slightly Altered)

Low SIO (Moderately Altered)

Distance Zones

Immediate Foreground High SIO - distance zone is 0 to 300 feet

Foreground High SIO (FG) - distance zone is 300 feet to 1⁄2 mile

Middleground High SIO (MG) - distance zone is 1⁄2 mile to 4 miles

Background Moderate SIO (BG) - distance zone 4 miles to horizon

Concern Level 1 Travel Route Viewsheds 

(High SIO FG, High MG Seen Area) 

RTE_NO NAME 

WA-211

C3029 BEAD LAKE

5030000 BROWNS LAKE

C2110 FLOWERY TRAIL (EAST)

C2902 FLOWERY TRAIL (WEST)/4300

C3389 KINGS LAKE

C9325 LE CLERC (NORTH)

C9305 LE CLERC (SOUTH)

C9216 MCKENZIE

1900417 PIONEER PARK CAMPGROUND

1900415 PIONEER PARK CAMPGROUND

1900411 PIONEER PARK CG BOAT LAUNCH

5032360 SOUTH SKOOKUM BOAT LAUNCH

5032359 SOUTH SKOOKUM CAMPGROUND

5032370 SOUTH SKOOKUM CAMPGROUND

5032000

SOUTH SKOOKUM REC. AREAADMIN

WA-20 STATE ROUTE 20/2000

C9205 WESTSIDE CALISPELL

Concern Level 2 Travel Route Viewsheds (High 

SIO FG, High to Moderate MG SIO) 

RTE_NO NAME 

C2022 3500/MIDDLE FORK CALISPELL

C2030 BARTELET

C3029 BEAD LAKE

C3318 BEAR PAW

C3407 BEST CHANCE

5000000 BOSWELL KINGS LAKE

5015000 COOKS LAKE

2700005 RUBY CREEK

C2489 RUBY CREEK/2700

5080306 SOUTH BALDY

C2389 TACOMA CREEK/2600

2712000 TACOMA DIVIDE

2700625 TIMBER MTN LOOKOUT

C9205 WESTSIDE CALISPELL
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix D – Scenic Integrity Objectives

206

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Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix E – Suitable Uses by Management Area 

207

Appendix E – Suitable Uses by Management Area

Table E-1. Suitable uses by management area

Suitable uses Forest Plan management areas

(May authorize = Y, May not authorize = N)

Administrative & 

Recreation Sites

BackcountryBackcountry 

Motorized

Focused 

Restoration

General 

Restoration

Nationally 

Designated Trails

Research Natural 

Areas

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Scenic Byways

Kettle Crest 

Recreation Area

Wild and Scenic 

Rivers

Wilderness – 

Congressionally 

Designated

Wilderness – 

Recommended

Facilities, administrative Y Y Y Y Y Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y Y Y and 

N

N N

Facilities, developed recreation Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y and 

N

Y Y Y and 

N

N N

Fire, planned ignition Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Fire, use of unplanned ignition Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Forest products, commercial use (non-timber 

harvest)

N N N Y Y N N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N N 

Forest products, firewood, commercial use Y N N Y Y N N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N N 

Forest products, firewood, permitted personal use Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N

Forest products, personal use Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix E – Suitable Uses by Management Area

208

Suitable uses Forest Plan management areas

(May authorize = Y, May not authorize = N)

Administrative & 

Recreation Sites

BackcountryBackcountry 

Motorized

Focused 

Restoration

General 

Restoration

Nationally 

Designated Trails

Research Natural 

Areas

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Scenic Byways

Kettle Crest 

Recreation Area

Wild and Scenic 

Rivers

Wilderness – 

Congressionally 

Designated

Wilderness – 

Recommended

Grazing, permitted Y and 

N

Y Y Y Y Y Y and 

N

Y Y Y Y Y and 

N

Y 

Infrastructure, above ground infrastructure 

associated with special use permits, such as 

communication sites, energy developments, and/or 

utility lines.

Y Y Y Y Y Y and 

N 

Y and 

N 

Y N Y and 

N 

Y and 

N 

N N

Mechanized recreational use, summer Y Y Y Y Y Y and 

N

Y Y Y Y Y and 

N

N Y and 

N

Minerals, leasable – surface occupancy* Y* Y * Y* Y* Y* Y* Y* Y* Y* Y* N N Y*

Minerals, locatable Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y*** Y and 

N**

Y Y

Minerals, salable Y N N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N

Motorized recreational use, summer, trails or play 

areas

Y and 

N

N Y Y Y N N Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N

Motorized recreational use, winter, trails or crosscountryY N Y Y Y Y and 

N

N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N

Non-motorized recreational use, summer Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Non-motorized recreational use, winter Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Road construction, permanent Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N

Road construction, temporary Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N

Special use permits Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y and 

N

Y Y
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix E – Suitable Uses by Management Area 

209

Suitable uses Forest Plan management areas

(May authorize = Y, May not authorize = N)

Administrative & 

Recreation Sites

BackcountryBackcountry 

Motorized

Focused 

Restoration

General 

Restoration

Nationally 

Designated Trails

Research Natural 

Areas

Riparian 

Management 

Areas

Scenic Byways

Kettle Crest 

Recreation Area

Wild and Scenic 

Rivers

Wilderness – 

Congressionally 

Designated

Wilderness – 

Recommended

Timber harvest as a restoration tool Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y and 

N

N N

Timber harvest, scheduled production N N N Y Y N N N N Y and 

N

N N N

Utility corridors N N N Y Y N N Y Y and 

N

Y and 

N

Y and 

N

N N

*Indicates Forest Service has consent authority for Leasable minerals. The Secretary of Interior holds authority to issue permits and leases. 

**Indicates May Not Authorize except for valid existing rights.

***Locatable minerals are suitable unless the area is withdrawn from mineral entry.
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix F. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum

210

Appendix F – Recreation Opportunity Spectrum

Figure F-1. Colville National Forest recreation opportunity spectrum
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

211

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative 

Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral 

Entry 

ADMINISTRATIVE AND RECREATION SITES

Table G-1. Administrative sites on the Colville National Forest

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section

Barnaby Butte Lookout Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 35 E. 7,18

Brown Mountain Seed 

Orchard 

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 16,17

Cedar Creek Seed 

Orchard 

Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 40 N. R. 42 E. 10

Chewelah Lookout Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 32 N. R. 41 E. 12

Colville NF – Supervisors 

Office

Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 35 N. R. 39 E. 16

Curlew Civilian 

Conservation Center

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 40 N. R. 32 E. 27

D1 Pal Moore Orchard 

Storage Shed

Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 33 N. R. 41 E. 2 

D1 Radio Bldg, Old 

Dominion

Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers

RD

T. 36 N. R. 40 E. 34

D4 Bodie Mtn Radio Bldg Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 32 E. 6 

D4 Bodie Mtn Radio Bldg Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 32 E. 6,31

D4 Quartz Mt Radio 

Bldg.

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 3 

D4 Quartz Mt Radio 

Bldg.

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 33 E. 3,33,34

D5 Radio Bldg, Sullivan 

Mtn

Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 16

D5 Salmo Mtn. Lookout Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 45 E. 16

Dominion Lookout Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 40 E. 34

Drycreek Site Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 45 E. 30

First Thought Lookout Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 37 E. 7 

Flagstaff Lookout Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 39 E. 5 

Flowery Trail Seed 

Orchard 

Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 43 E. 5 

Graves Mountain 

Lookout

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 12
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

212

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Halliday Fen RNA31 Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 43 E. 1,6

Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 6,31

Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 1,6,31,3

6 

Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 44 E. 6,30,31,

32

Hanlon Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 44 E. 29

Huckleberry Lookout Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 42 E. 29,30

Kettle Range 

Observation Site

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 19

Lookout Station Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 24

Lookout Station Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 43 E. 24

Marble Lookout Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 35 E. 4 

Martin Creek 

Administration Site

Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 36 E. 15

Mill Creek Administrative 

Site 

Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 41 E. 20

Newport Geophysical 

Observatory

Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 16,20,2

1,22,28

Newport RD Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 45 E. 13

Newport RD Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 46 E. 13

Pal Moore Seed Orchard Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 33 N. R. 41 E. 1,2

Republic RD Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 32 E. 1 

Republic RD Administrative Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 33 E. 1,6

Round Top Mountain 

RNA

Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 45 E. 8 

Salmo RNA Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 45 E. 9,10,11,

14,15,1

6, 22

Sullivan Lake Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 29,30,3

1,32

Sullivan Lake RD Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31

Sullivan Mountain 

Lookout

Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 16

Teepee Seed Orchard Administrative Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 37 N. R. 42 E. 34

 

31 Research Natural Area
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

213

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Three Rivers RD Administrative Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 38 E. 20

49 Degrees North Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 32 N. R. 41 E. 1,6

49 Degrees North Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 32 N. R. 42 E. 6 

Abercrombie Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 40 N. R. 42 E. 34

Barnaby Butte Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 34 E. 35

Barnaby Buttes Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 35 E. 8,17

Batey-Bould Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 43 E. 9,10

Bead Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 3,4,9,10

,33

Bead Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 45 E. 3,4,27,3

3,34

Bead Lake Boat Launch Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 9,10

Bear Pasture Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 45 E. 5,6

Bear Pasture Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 45 E. 5,6,31,3

2 

Bearpot Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 34 E. 19

Big Lick Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 34 E. 9,16

Big Meadow Lake 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Three 

Rivers RD

T. 37 N. R. 41 E. 1,12

Big Meadow Lake 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 37 N. R. 42 E. 1,6,7,12

Boulder Deer Summit Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 35 E. 20,21

Boundary Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 1 

Boundary Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 44 E. 1,6

Browns Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 34 N. R. 44 E. 13,14,2

3,24

Browns Lake 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 34 N. R. 44 E. 23,24

Canyon Creek Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 35

Canyon Creek 

Campground

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 35,36

Chewelah Creek Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 33 N. R. 41 E. 4,9

Chewelah Ski Area Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 32 N. R. 41 E. 2,3,10,1

1 

Comstock Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 37 N. R. 40 E. 17,18

Cooks Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 44 E. 24

Cooks Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 45 E. 19,24
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

214

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Cougar Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 28

Crescent Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 1,12

Crescent Lake Picnic 

Area 

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 1,12

Crowell Ridge Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 16

Davis Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 36 E. 3,34

Davis Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 36 E. 34

Davis Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 36 E. 3,34

Davis Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 36 E. 34

Deer Creek Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 35 E. 20

Deer Creek Forest Camp Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 35 E. 20,21

East Sullivan Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31,32

Edds Mtn Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 34 E. 4,5

Edds Mtn Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 4,5,33

Edgewater Campground Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 43 E. 29,30,3

1,32

Elbow Lake Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 40 N. R. 38 E. 21

Elk Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 43 E. 24,25

Elk Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 19,24,2

5,30

Empire Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 32 E. 12

Ferry Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 21

Ferry Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 16,21

Flume Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 31

Frater Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 3 

Frater Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 37 N. R. 42 E. 3,34

Geophysical Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 21,28

Gibraltar Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 33 E. 20,21,2

8,29

Gillette Campground Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 17,20

Grassy Top North Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 45 E. 17

Grassy Top South Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 35

Growden Heritage 

Interpretive Site

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 28,29

Half Moon Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 34 N. R. 44 E. 26
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

215

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Hall Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 5,6

Hall Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 5,6,31,3

2 

Hall Mtn Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 9,10

Halliday Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 36

Hoodoo Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 36 E. 31,32

Jungle Hill Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 8 

Kettle Crest Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 13,18,1

9,24

Kettle Crest Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 18,19

Kings Lake Snopark Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 44 E. 2 

Lake Ellen Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 36 E. 26,27,3

4,35

Lake Ellen Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 36 E. 26

Lake Ellen Campground 

West

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 36 E. 26,27,3

4,35

Lake Gillette 

Campground

Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 19,20

Lake Leo Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 3 

Lake Leo Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 3,4

Lake Leo Campground Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 3 

Lake Leo Campground Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 3,4

Lake Thomas - Lake 

Gillette

Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 17,19,2

0 

Lake Thomas 

Campground

Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 17

Lakeshore North Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31,32

Lakeshore South Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 17,18

Lambert Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 3,4,9

Lambert Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 4,9

Le Clerc Recreation Area Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 44 E. 19

Leona Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 34 E. 26,27

Lime Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 43 E. 14

Little Pend Oreille 

Information Site

Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 19
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

216

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Little Pend Oreille Orv Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 19

Little Twin Lakes Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 35 N. R. 41 E. 4 

Little Twin Lakes Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 41 E. 4,32,33

Little Twin Lakes 

Recreation Area

Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 41 E. 33

Log Flume Heritage 

Interpretive Site

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 25,36

Long & Fish Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 28,33

Long Alec Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 39 N. R. 35 E. 31

Long Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 28

Lost Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 36 N. R. 43 E. 15,22

Lower Wolf Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 45 E. 13

Lower Wolf Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 46 E. 13

Maple Mtn Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 32 E. 18

Maple Mtn Recreation Site Okanogan/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 32 E. 18

Marcus Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 16,21

Middle Fork Calispell Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 42 E. 25,30

Middle Fork Calispell Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 43 E. 30

Mill Pond Campground Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 30

Mill Pond Flume 

Trailhead

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 43 E. 24,25

Mill Pond Flume 

Trailhead

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 19,24,2

5,30

Muddy Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 37 N. R. 42 E. 12,32

Mystic Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 45 E. 29,32

Ninemile Falls Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 11

No Name Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 4,5,8,9

Noisy Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 17,18,1

9,20

Noisy Creek 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 17,18,1

9 

Northeast Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 32

Old Stage Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 12,13,1

8 

Old Stage Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 35 E. 18

Outlet Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31

Panhandle Campground Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 35 N. R. 44 E. 29
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

217

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Parker Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 34 N. R. 43 E. 3,34

Pend Oreille River Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 37 N. R. 43 E. 28,33

Pepoon Lake Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 39 E. 6 

Pierre Lake Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 37 E. 5 

Pierre Lake Campground Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 37 E. 5 

Pioneer Park Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 45 E. 1 

Pioneer Park 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 45 E. 1,12

Profanity Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 34 E. 12

Red Bluff Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 30

Renner Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 36 E. 24

Rogers Mtn Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 37 N. R. 40 E. 2 

Ruby Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 35 N. R. 44 E. 18,19

Rufus Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 36 N. R. 42 E. 17,20

Ryan Cabin Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 35 E. 30

Salmo Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 40 N. R. 45 E. 22

Sand Creek Rd Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 43 E. 1 

Sand Creek Rd Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 1,6

Shedroof Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 45 E. 17

Sherlock Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 42 E. 17

Sherman Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 2 

Sherman Creek Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 35,36

Sherman Overlook Day 

Use

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 19,20

Sherman Pass 

Campground

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 35 E. 19

Silver Creek Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 39 N. R. 42 E. 8,9

Snow Peak Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 27,34

Snow Peak Shelter Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 36

South Skookum Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 44 E. 1 

South Skookum Lake 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 33 N. R. 44 E. 1 

Stickpin Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 38 N. R. 35 E. 30
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

218

Site name Type County/Ranger District Township Range Section 

Sullivan Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 25,26,2

9,30,31,

32,33,3

4,35,36

Sullivan Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 45 E. 3,9,10,1

6,17,19,

20,30

Sullivan Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 38 N. R. 44 E. 1,6,7,12

,13,18

Sullivan Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 43 E. 25

Sullivan Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 6,31,32,

33

Sullivan Lake Group 

Campground

Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31,32

Summit Lake Recreation Site Stevens/Three Rivers 

RD

T. 40 N. R. 37 E. 16,17,2

0,21

Swan Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 19,20,2

9 

Swan Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 20,29

Ten Mile Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 19,24

Ten Mile Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 19

Ten Mile Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 32 E. 19,24

Ten Mile Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 19

Thirteen Mile 

Campground

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 31

Thirteenmile Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 33 E. 31

Thunder Creek Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 45 E. 3,10

Timber Ridge Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 27,28

Trout Lake Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 11,12,1

3,14

Trout Lake Campground Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 36 E. 11,12,1

3,14

Upper Bead Lake Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 32 N. R. 45 E. 9,10

Upper Wolf Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Newport RD T. 31 N. R. 45 E. 13

Wapaloosie Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 34 E. 31,36

Wapaloosie Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 37 N. R. 35 E. 31

West Sullivan Recreation Site Pend Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake RD

T. 39 N. R. 44 E. 31

White Mountain 

Interpretive Site

Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 36 N. R. 34 E. 23

White Mtn Recreation Site Ferry/Republic RD T. 35 N. R. 35 E. 28
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

219

COMMUNICATION SITES AND ENERGY CORRIDORS

Tables G-2 and G-3 list the communication sites and energy corridors designated on the Colville 

National Forest. The tables correspond to Figure G-1, which displays the locations of the 

communication sites and energy corridors. 

Table G-2. List of designated communication sites on the Colville National Forest

Communication site 

name/lease holders

County/Ranger 

District

Site designation Location

Bisbee Mountain

• Verizon

• Washington State Dept. of 

Transportation

Ferry/Three 

Rivers

Low-power, nonbroadcastNE1⁄4 Sec. 9, T. 36N., R.36E., 

W. M., in Ferry County

Bodie Mountain

• Washington State 

Department of Natural 

Resources

• Forest Service

Ferry/Republic Low-power, nonbroadcastNW1⁄4NW1⁄4 Sec. 6, T. 38N., 

R.32E., W. M., in Ferry 

County

Chewelah Peak

• SBA Structures

Stevens/Newpor

t 

Low-power, nonbroadcastSE1⁄4 Sec. 12, T. 32N., R41E., 

W.M., in Stevens County

Deer Mountain

• Pend Oreille PUD #1

Pend 

Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake

Low-power, nonbroadcastN1⁄2 Sec. 13, T. 38N., R.42E., 

W. M., in Pend Oreille 

County

Flagstaff Mountain

• SBA Structures

• Verizon

• AT&T

• Department of Homeland 

Security, U.S. Customs and 

Border Patrol

• Forest Service

Stevens/Three 

Rivers

Low-power, nonbroadcastNE1⁄4 Sec. 5, T. 39N., R.39E., 

W. M., in Stevens County

Flume Creek

• Pend Oreille County 

Emergency Management

• Department of Energy, 

Bonneville Power 

Administration

Pend 

Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake

Low-power, nonbroadcastSE1⁄4 Sec. 31, T. 40N., R.43E., 

W. M., in Pend Oreille 

County

Owl Mountain Ferry/Three 

Rivers

Low-power, nonbroadcastSW1⁄4SW1⁄4 Sec. 10. T. 40N., 

R.36E., W. M., in Ferry 

County

Ruby Mountain

• Pend Oreille Telephone 

Company

Pend 

Oreille/Newport

Low-power, nonbroadcastSec. 25, T. 35N., R.43E., W. 

M., in Pend Oreille County
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

220

Communication site 

name/lease holders

County/Ranger 

District

Site designation Location

Sand Ridge

• Department of Homeland 

Security, U.S. Customs and 

Border Patrol

Pend 

Oreille/Sullivan 

Lake

Low-power, nonbroadcastSW1⁄4 Sec. 1, T. 38N., R.43E., 

W. M., in Pend Oreille 

County

Table G-3. Designated energy and utility corridors on the Colville National Forest

Energy type Ranger District Line Name/Number Permit holder

Powerline Newport Addy-Cusick - LUGI 

Supplement* No 28

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Newport Bell-Boundary 1, 2 & 3 - 

LUGI Supp. #43

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Sullivan Lake Bell-Boundary #3 - LUGI 

Supp. #53

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Sullivan Lake Box Canyon Tap - LUGI 

Supp. #48

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Sullivan Lake Boundary-Cranbrook - 

LUGI Supp. #47

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Sullivan Lake Bell-Boundary 1, 2 & 3 - 

LUGI Supp. #43

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Sullivan Lake Colville-Boundary No. 1

(Spirit- Metaline) - LUGI 

Supp. #44

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Republic Colville-Republic - LUGI 

Supp. #45

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Three Rivers Bell-Boundary #3 - LUGI 

Supp. #53

Dept Of Energy BPA

Powerline Three Rivers Colville-Republic - LUGI 

Supp. #45

Dept Of Energy BPA

Powerline Three Rivers Colville-Republic - LUGI 

Supp. #45

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Three Rivers Colville-Boundary No. 1 

(Colville-Spirit) - LUGI 

Supp. #44

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Three Rivers Colville-Boundary No. 1 

(Colville-Spirit) - LUGI 

Supp. #44

Dept Of Energy BPA 

Powerline Newport and Sullivan 

Lake

Distribution voltages PUD #1 Pend Oreille County

Fiber Optical Cable Rep/Three Rivers/SL -- Northwest Open Access 

Network

*Land Use Grant Instruments (LUGI) are the authorizing instrument. Each line is authorized under a different Supplement.
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

221

Figure G-1. Designated communication sites and energy corridors
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

222

MINERAL WITHDRAWALS

The following areas have been withdrawn from one or more of the mining laws and have limits on mineral entry. The map number in table G-4 

corresponds to the maps in Figures G-2 through G-9.

Table G-4. Mineral withdrawals

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

62 Pioneer Park Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 31 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 1, Lot 8 37.1

10 Chewelah Ski Area Recreation Site T. 32 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 2, W1⁄2SW1⁄4SW1⁄4; Sec. 3, S1⁄2NE1⁄4, E1⁄2SE1⁄4, 

NE1⁄4NW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 10 E1⁄2NE1⁄4NE1⁄4l Sec. 11, 

NW1⁄4NW1⁄4NW1⁄4; 

220

10 Chewelah Ski Area Recreation Site T. 32 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 11, SW1⁄4NW1⁄4NW1⁄4 10

9 Chewelah Lookout Administrative Site T. 32 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 12, N1⁄2SE1⁄4 M&B32 10

31 Flowery Trail Seed Orchard Administrative Site T. 32 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 5, E1⁄2SW1⁄4SW1⁄4, SE1⁄4SW1⁄4, S1⁄2NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 80

2 Bead Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 32 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 3, Lot 1, W1⁄2 Lot 2, Lot 3-8 inclusive; Sec. 4, 

Lot 1, 2, and 6; Sec. 9, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 10 Lot 3 

except north 10 acres, Lot 4-6 inclusive, Lot 7 

except south 20 acres, and Lot 8 except south 20 

acres.

576

56 No Name Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 32 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 8, Lot 1 and NE1⁄4 Lot 2 35.74

55 Newport Geophysical 

Observatory

Administrative Site T. 32 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 21 640

57 Pal Moore Seed Orchard Administrative Site T. 33 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 1, W1⁄2E1⁄2, and W1⁄2 Lot 4, W1⁄2SW1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 

2, S1⁄2S1⁄2 Lot 1, S1⁄2SE1⁄4 Lot 2, S1⁄2NE1⁄4

146.22

70 South Skookum Lake 

Recreation Area

Recreation Site T. 33 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 1, S1⁄2NW1⁄4 Lot 1, SW1⁄4 Lot 1, W1⁄2SE1⁄4 Lot 1, 

SE1⁄4NE1⁄4 Lot 2, E1⁄2SW1⁄4 Lot 2, SE1⁄4 Lot 2, 

E1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, E1⁄2W1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, W1⁄2NE1⁄4SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, 

NW1⁄4SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, W1⁄2SW1⁄4SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, N1⁄2NE1⁄4NW1⁄4SE1⁄4

92.5

11 Cooks Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 33 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 24, NE1⁄4SE1⁄4 40

22 Drycreek Site Administrative Site T. 33 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 30, SW1⁄4NE1⁄4SE1⁄4, E1⁄2SE1⁄4SE1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4SE1⁄4 40

 

32 Metes and Bounds survey was conducted. 
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

223

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

2 Bead Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 33 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 34, Lot 1 except north 20 acres, Lot 2 except 

west 20 acres, Lot 3 except east 20 acres, lot 4 

except east 20 acres, lot 5, Lot 6, and 

SW1⁄4SW1⁄4NE1⁄4

58 Parker Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 34 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 3, W1⁄2W1⁄2 Lot 2, Lot 3, W1⁄2W1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, 

SE1⁄4NW1⁄4, N1⁄2NE1⁄4NE1⁄4SW1⁄4, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4NW1⁄4SE1⁄4

107.75

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 34 N. R. 44 E. Portions of Secs. 5 and 32

4 Brown Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 34 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 14, S1⁄2SE1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 23, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4, N1⁄2SE1⁄4NE1⁄4; 

Sec. 24, N1⁄2NW1⁄4, N1⁄2S1⁄2NW1⁄4, NW1⁄4NE1⁄4, 

N1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4

260

35 Half Moon Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 34 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 26, E1⁄2W1⁄2SW1⁄4SW1⁄4, E1⁄2SW1⁄4SW1⁄4 30

77 Swan Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 20, Lots 1, 2, 3, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 29, Lots 1 and 

2

219

28 Ferry Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 21, Lots 1-4 inclusive 126

40 Strip Of Land 200 Feet Each 

Side Of Centerline

San Poil Hwy Roadside 

Zone

T. 35 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 24, SE1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 25, E1⁄2E1⁄2 40.2

49 Long & Fish Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 28, Lots 1, 2, 3,S1⁄2NE1⁄4; Sec. 33, Lots 1 and 2 239

79 Ten Mile Campground Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 24 S1⁄2NE1⁄4, NE1⁄4SE1⁄4 157.19

5 Brown Mountain Seed 

Orchard

Administrative Site T. 35 N. R. 33 E. Sec. 16, NWNW1⁄4, N1⁄2SW1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 17, 

E1⁄2E1⁄2NE1⁄4NE1⁄4, E1⁄2NE1⁄4SE1⁄4NE1⁄4

75

40 Strip Of Land 200 Feet Each 

Side Of Centerline

San Poil Hwy Roadside 

Zone

T. 35 N. R. 33 E. Sec. 19, Lot 4; Sec. 30, Lot 1; Sec. 31, Lot 4, 

SE1⁄4SW1⁄4

79 Ten Mile Campground Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 33 E. Sec. 19, Lot 3

1 Barnaby Butte Lookout Administrative Site T. 35 N. R. 35 E. Sec. 7 (Un-surveyed); Sec. 18 (Un-surveyed) M&B 10

42 Lake Ellen Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 26, Lots 1-4 inclusive; Sec. 27, Lots 1 and 2; 

Sec. 34, Lot 1; Sec. 35, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4NW1⁄4

288.55

48 Little Twin Lakes Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 4, Lot 3 20.23

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 35 N. R. 43 E. Portion of Sec. 3 190
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

224

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 35 N. R. 44 E. Portions of Secs. 7, 12, 18, 19 and 20

68 Ruby Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 35 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 19, Lots 1, 2, 6 and 7 113

39 Sherman Hwy 20 Roadside 

Zone

Strip Of Land 200 Feet 

From Centerline

T. 36 N. R. 33 E. Sec. 25, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 26, NNE1⁄4, NE1⁄4NW1⁄4 1026

16 Quartz Lookout Admin. Site Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 33 E. Sec. 34, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4 M&B 10

39 Strip Of Land 200 Feet Each 

Side Of Centerline

Sherman Hwy 20 

Roadside Zone

T. 36 N. R. 34 E. Sec. 15, SW1⁄4; Sec. 16. S1⁄2; Sec. 21 NE1⁄4; Secs. 22, 

23, 24; Sec. 26, N1⁄2N1⁄2; Sec. 27, NE1⁄4

34 Graves Mountain Lookout Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 35 E. Sec. 12 (un-surveyed), M&B 10

39 Sherman Hwy 20 Roadside 

Zone

Strip Of Land 200 Feet 

From Centerline

T. 36 N. R. 35 E. Un-surveyed Sec. 8 SE1⁄4; Sec. 9, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4; Sec. 13. 

SW1⁄4SW1⁄4; Sec. 14 and 15; Sec. 16, N1⁄2; Sec 17; 

Sec. 18, S1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec 19; Sec. 20, N1⁄2; Sec. 23, 

NE1⁄4NE1⁄4; Sec. 24

41 Kettle Range Observation 

Site

Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 35 E. Sec. 19 (Un-surveyed) M&B 12

7 Canyon Creek Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 35, S1⁄2NE1⁄4NE1⁄4, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4 60

39 Sherman Hwy 20 Roadside 

Zone

Strip Of Land 200 Feet 

From Centerline

T. 36 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 19, S1⁄2S1⁄2; Sec. 25, S1⁄2; Sec. 28, SW1⁄4; Sec. 29; 

Sec. 30 N1⁄2; Sec. 33, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4, S1⁄2S1⁄2NE1⁄4; Sec. 

34, NW1⁄4NE1⁄4, S1⁄2NE1⁄4, NW1⁄4; Sec. 35, N1⁄2; Sec. 36, 

NW1⁄4

80 Trout Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 36 E. Un-surveyed Sec. 11, E1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 12, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4; 

Sec. 13, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 14, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4

200

21 Dominion Lookout Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 40 E. Sec. 34, NE1⁄4 M&B 20

54 Mill Cr. Administrative Site Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 20, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4, N1⁄2SE1⁄4 160

48 Little Twin Lakes Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 41 E. Sec. 33, Lots 3 and 4, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 100.94

33 Frater Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 2, Lots 1 and 2; Sec. 3, Lots 1 and 2 38.85

43 Lake Leo Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 3, Lots 5, 7, SE1⁄4SW1⁄4 92.15

45 Lake Thomas- Lake Gillette Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 17, Lot 5, SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, SE1⁄4SW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4 137

45 Lake Thomas- Lake Gillette Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 20, Lot 1, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4 105

50 Lookout Station Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 24, Lot 1 39.24
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

225

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 36 N. R. 43 E. Portions of Sec. 15 and 22

51 Lost Creek Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 15, Lot 5, 8; Sec. 22, Lot 1 136

46 Le Clerc Rec. Area Recreation Site T. 36 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 19, E1⁄2W1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, E1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4 10

37 Hanlon Administrative Site Administrative Site T. 36 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 29, E1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, E1⁄2NW1⁄4NE1⁄4, 

W1⁄2W1⁄2SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, W1⁄2W1⁄2NW1⁄4NE1⁄4

60

81 Twin Sisters Lo Admin. Site Administrative Site T. 37 N. R.35E Un-surveyed Sec. 10, M&B 10

32 Frater Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 37 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 34 S1⁄2SE1⁄4 80.23

33 Frater Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 37 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 34, S1⁄2SE1⁄4

78 Teepee Seed Orchard Administrative Site T. 37 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 34 E1⁄2SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, W1⁄2SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, 

N1⁄2NW1⁄4NE1⁄4SE1⁄4, 

N1⁄2NE1⁄4NW1⁄4SE1⁄4,S1⁄2SE1⁄4NW1⁄4NE1⁄4

55

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 37 N. R. 43 E. Portions of Secs. 28 and 33

59 Pend Oreille River Rec. Area Recreation Site T. 37 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 33, Lots 1, 4, 5, and 8 123.05

15 Bodie Mountain Lookout Administrative Site T. 38 N. R. 32 E. Sec.6, Lot 4 M&B 10

24 Empire Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 38 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 12, W1⁄2NE1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4 120

19 Davis Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 38 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 34 SE1⁄4SW1⁄4 61.76

66 Renner Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 38 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 34, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4NW1⁄4, SW1⁄4NE1⁄4NW1⁄4, 

NE1⁄4SW1⁄4NW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4NW1⁄4

40

38 Huckleberry Lookout Administrative Site T. 38 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 29, W1⁄2SW1⁄4; Sec. 30 E1⁄2SE1⁄4 M&B 10

25 Federal Power Commission 

2042

Power Withdrawal T. 38 N. R. 43 E. Portions of Secs. 1, 12, 19, 20, 29, and 32

65 Powersite Reserve 639 Power Withdrawal T. 38 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 4, Lots 3, 4, 5 and 15 68.7

27 Federal Power Commission 

2225

Power Withdrawal T. 38 N. R. 44 E. Portions of Secs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 18, 31, and 36 522

73 Sullivan Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 38 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 6, Lots 2, 4, 7, and 8; Sec. 7 Lots 2, 3, and 7; 

Sec. 18, Lots 2-7 inclusive, Lot 9, S1⁄2SE1⁄4; 

624.35

67 Round Top Mtn. Res. 

Natural Area

Administrative Site T. 38 N. R. 45 E. Sections 8 and 9 (portions of)

64 Powersite Classification 373 Power Withdrawal T. 39 N. R. 32 E. Sec. 12, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 40
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

226

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

20 Deer Creek Summit 

Campground

Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 35 E. Un-surveyed Sec. 20, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4 40

52 Marble Lookout Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 35 E. Un-surveyed Sec. 4, M&B 10

53 Martin Cr. Admin. Site

(Orient)

Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 36 E. Sec. 10, SW1⁄4SE1⁄4, E1⁄2SE1⁄4 except Exchange Survey 

282 Comprising 14.91 acres; Sec. 15, NW1⁄4NE1⁄4

145

29 First Thought Lookout Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 37 E. Sec. 7, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 M&B 10

61 Pierre Lake Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 37 E. Sec. 5, Lots 5-10 inclusive 27.25

30 Flagstaff Lookout Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 39 E. Sec. 5, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4 40

60 Pepoon Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 39 E. Sec. 6, W1⁄2SE1⁄4 80

26 Federal Power Commission 

2144

Power Withdrawal T. 39 N. R. 43 E. Portions of Secs. 2, 3, 10, 11, 15, 22, 24, and 26 609.24

36 Halliday Fen RNA33 Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 1, Lot 1 M&B 646.4

63 Powersite Classification 328 Power Withdrawal T. 39 N. R. 43 E. Portion of Sec. 3 0.95

73 Sullivan Lake Reservoir Site Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 25, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4 40

27 Federal Power Commission 

2225

Power Withdrawal T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Portions of Secs. 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 19, 24, 25, 29, 

30, 31, and 32

36 Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 6, Lots 2-5, inclusive M&B

17 Sullivan Mtn Lookout Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 16, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 40

72 Sullivan Creek Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Strip of land 3 chains wide (1C on the south side 

and 2C on the South side) of Sullivan Creek 

through the following subdivisions: Sec. 25, 

NE1⁄4SW1⁄4, S1⁄2SW1⁄4, N1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 26, SE1/14SE1⁄4; 

Sec. 31, NE1⁄4; Sec. 32 S1⁄2NE1⁄4, N1⁄2NW1⁄4, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4, 

N1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 33, NW1⁄4SW1⁄4, S1⁄2SW1⁄4, N1⁄2SE1⁄4 

SW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 34, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, N1⁄2SW1⁄4, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4, 

N1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 35, N1⁄2NE1⁄4, N1⁄2NW1⁄4 SW14,NW1⁄4; 

Sec. 36, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4

104.45

73 Sullivan Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 31, Lots 3, 6 and 9; Sec. 32, Lots 1 and 2

73 Sullivan Lake Reservoir Site Water Reserve Wd T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 30, Lots 3 and 4, E1⁄2NW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SW1⁄4, 199.78

 

33 Research Natural Area
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

227

Map # Area name Area type Township Range Section (all legal descriptions are in the 

Willamette Meridian) Acres

74 Sullivan Lake Administrative 

Site

Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Section 29, Lot 3, SW14/SW1⁄4; Sec. 30, Lots 6 and 

7; S1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec 31, Lots4 and 5, N1⁄2NE1⁄4, Sec. 32, 

W1⁄2NW1⁄4 

422

75 Sullivan Mtn Lookout Administrative Site T. 39 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 16, NE1⁄4SW1⁄4 40

71 Sullivan Creek Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 39 N. R. 45 E. Sec. 9, SE1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 10, W1⁄2NE1⁄4, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4, N1⁄2SW1⁄4, 

SW1⁄4SW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 15, NW1⁄4NW1⁄4; Sec. 16, 

N1⁄2NE1⁄4, SW1⁄4NE1⁄4, N1⁄2SW1⁄4, SW1⁄4SW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 

17, SE1⁄4SW1⁄4, S1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 19, Lot 8, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4, S1⁄2NE1⁄4, 

E1⁄2SW1⁄4, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 20, N1⁄2NW1⁄4; Sec. 30, Lots 1, 2, 

3, 4, and 6

132

64 Powersite Classification 373 Power Withdrawal T. 40 N. R. 36 E. Portions of Sec. 3, 15, 22, 27, 34 485.85

76 Summit Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 37 E. Sec. 17, SE1⁄4SE1⁄4; Sec. 20 NE1⁄4NE1⁄4; Sec.21. 

NW1⁄4NW1⁄4

120

23 Elbow Lake Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 38 E. Sec. 21, E1⁄2E1⁄2SW1⁄4, W1⁄2SE1⁄4 120

8 Cedar Creek Seed Orchard Administrative Site T. 40 N. R. 42 E. Sec. 10 W1⁄2SW1⁄4, W1⁄2E1⁄2SW1⁄4, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4SW1⁄4, 

NE1⁄4SE1⁄4SW1⁄4

140

3 Boundary Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 1, Lot 5 70.95

26 Federal Power Commission 

2144

Power Withdrawal T. 40 N. R. 43 E. Portions of Secs. 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 23, 26, and 35

12 Crescent Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 12, Lots 1-4 inclusive, E1⁄2NE1⁄4NE1⁄4SW1⁄4, 

W1⁄2NW1⁄4NW1⁄4SE1⁄4

142.15

47 Lime Creek Recreation Area Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 14, Lot 7, SE1⁄4SE1⁄4 76.45

36 Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site T. 40 N. R. 43 E. Sec. 36, SE1⁄4SE1⁄4 M&B

3 Boundary Lake Recreation 

Area

Recreation Site T. 40 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 6, Lot 4 70.95

36 Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site T. 40 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 30, NW1⁄4SE1⁄4, SE1⁄4SW1⁄4, S1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 31, Lots 

2, 3, 4, NE1⁄4NE1⁄4, NE1⁄4NW1⁄4, NE1⁄4SE1⁄4, S1⁄2SE1⁄4; Sec. 

32, W1⁄2W1⁄2 M&B

36 Halliday Fen RNA Administrative Site T. 40 N. R. 44 E. Sec. 31, W1⁄2NE1⁄4, SE1⁄4NE1⁄4, SE1⁄4NW1⁄4, E1⁄2SW1⁄4, 

NW1⁄4SE1⁄4

69 Salmo RNA ADMINISTRATIVE SITE T. 40 N. R. 45 E. Portions of Sec. 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 22

Approximate total acres withdrawn from mineral entry: 11,609 (Does not include the Salmo Priest Wilderness Area) 

M&B = Metes and Bounds
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

228

Figure G-2. Mineral withdrawals on the west side of the Colville National Forest
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

229

Figure G-3. Mineral withdrawals on the east side of the Colville National Forest
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

230

Figure G-4. Republic Ranger District mineral withdrawals
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

231

Figure G-5. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (map 1 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

232

Figure G-6. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (map 2 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

233

Figure G-7. Three Rivers Ranger District mineral withdrawals (map 3 of 3)
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

234

Figure G-8. Sullivan Lake Ranger District mineral withdrawals
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix G – Sites with Administrative Designations and Areas Withdrawn from Mineral Entry

235

Figure G-9. Newport Ranger District mineral withdrawals
Colville National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan

Appendix H – Management Area Map

236

Appendix H – Management Area Map

Figure H-1. Colville National Forest management areas