aeo2010r.d111809a 2007 2008 2009 2010

Report Annual Energy Outlook 2010

Scenario aeo2010r

Datekey d111809a

Release Date December 2009

Table 112. Components of Selected Petroleum Product Prices

(2008 dollars per gallon)

United States

 Product Price Components 2007 2008 2009 2010

Diesel (Transportation Sector)

 End-User Price 2.96 3.79 2.44 2.62

 Federal Taxes 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23

 State Taxes 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22

 Distribution Costs 0.19 0.35 0.34 0.22

 Wholesale Price 2.29 2.99 1.64 1.95

Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

 End-User Price 2.89 3.24 2.33 2.49

 Federal Taxes 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17

 State Taxes 1/ 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23

 Distribution Costs 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.15

 Wholesale Price 2.23 2.63 1.68 1.93

Jet Fuel

 End-User Price 2.13 3.07 1.72 2.00

 Federal Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 State Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 Distribution Costs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Wholesale Price 2.05 3.70 2.33 1.91

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil/ Heating Oil

 End-User Price 2.82 3.39 2.49 2.44

 Distribution Costs 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.49

 Wholesale Price 2.26 2.77 1.56 1.94

Imported Low Sulfur Light Crude Oil Price 2/ 1.76 2.37 1.41 1.67

Imported Crude Oil Price 2/ 1.64 2.20 1.35 1.60
 1/ Includes a 2 cent average local tax.

 2/ Weighted average price delivered to U.S. refiners.

 - - = Not applicable.

 Sources: 2008 distribution costs and wholesale prices: estimated based on Energy Information Administration (EIA) Form EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant O

Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report" and EIA-782B, "Resellers'/Retailers' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report." 2008 diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel t

Energy Support Center, "Compilation of United States Fuel Taxes, Inspection Fees, and Environmental Taxes and Fees", July 2008. 2007 and 2008 end-use

as the sum of the components. Projections: EIA, AEO2010 National Energy Modeling System run aeo2010r.d111809a.
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Reference case

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

2.65 2.81 2.95 3.05 3.14 3.24 3.32 3.41 3.47

0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23

1.98 2.15 2.29 2.39 2.49 2.59 2.67 2.77 2.82

2.53 2.67 2.91 3.02 3.07 3.14 3.20 3.25 3.29

0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15

0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

1.96 2.10 2.34 2.46 2.51 2.58 2.65 2.70 2.74

2.05 2.23 2.39 2.49 2.57 2.67 2.75 2.83 2.88

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.97 2.15 2.31 2.41 2.49 2.59 2.68 2.76 2.81

2.46 2.61 2.75 2.85 2.92 3.05 3.14 3.23 3.29

0.49 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51

1.97 2.12 2.26 2.36 2.42 2.55 2.63 2.72 2.78

1.74 1.89 2.04 2.16 2.25 2.34 2.41 2.49 2.54

1.59 1.74 1.88 2.00 2.07 2.15 2.21 2.28 2.31
m EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' 

2008 diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel taxes: Defense

uly 2008. 2007 and 2008 end-user prices: estimated
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

3.51 3.53 3.58 3.60 3.61 3.65 3.68 3.71 3.76

0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23

2.87 2.90 2.95 2.97 2.99 3.03 3.06 3.10 3.14

3.34 3.37 3.41 3.44 3.45 3.49 3.53 3.57 3.62

0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

2.79 2.82 2.87 2.90 2.91 2.96 3.00 3.03 3.09

2.93 2.95 2.98 3.03 3.05 3.09 3.13 3.17 3.23

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.85 2.88 2.91 2.95 2.98 3.02 3.06 3.10 3.16

3.34 3.36 3.39 3.43 3.46 3.50 3.54 3.57 3.61

0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51

2.83 2.85 2.87 2.92 2.94 2.98 3.02 3.05 3.09

2.58 2.61 2.64 2.67 2.71 2.74 2.78 2.82 2.86

2.34 2.36 2.39 2.43 2.46 2.49 2.51 2.54 2.58

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035

2008-

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2035

3.81 3.83 3.89 3.94 3.99 4.04 4.11 0.3%

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 -1.9%

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.0%

0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 -1.5%

3.20 3.23 3.29 3.35 3.39 3.45 3.52 0.6%

3.66 3.68 3.72 3.77 3.80 3.85 3.91 0.7%

0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 -1.9%

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.1%

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 -0.6%

3.13 3.16 3.20 3.25 3.28 3.33 3.40 0.9%

3.28 3.31 3.36 3.42 3.46 3.52 3.58 0.6%

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.9%

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0%

3.20 3.24 3.29 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.51 -0.2%

3.67 3.69 3.75 3.81 3.86 3.92 3.97 0.6%

0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.3%

3.15 3.17 3.23 3.28 3.33 3.38 3.44 0.8%

2.91 2.94 2.99 3.03 3.08 3.13 3.17 1.1%

2.63 2.65 2.71 2.75 2.79 2.84 2.89 1.0%
ref2011.d120810c 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Report Annual Energy Outlook 2011

Scenario ref2011 Reference case

Datekey d120810c

Release Date December 2010

131. Components of Selected Petroleum Product Prices

(2009 dollars per gallon)

United States

 Product Price Components 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Diesel (Transportation Sector)

 End-User Price 3.84 2.44 2.89 3.03 2.92 2.98

 Federal Taxes 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23

 State Taxes 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Distribution Costs 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

 Wholesale Price 3.07 1.67 2.13 2.26 2.29 2.35

Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

 End-User Price 3.31 2.34 2.68 2.80 2.82 2.97

 Federal Taxes 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17

 State Taxes 1/ 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Distribution Costs 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15

 Wholesale Price 2.63 1.79 2.14 2.26 2.25 2.40

Jet Fuel

 End-User Price 3.15 1.70 2.13 2.28 2.44 2.49

 Federal Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 State Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Distribution Costs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Wholesale Price 3.09 1.64 2.07 2.22 2.36 2.41

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil/ Heating Oil

 End-User Price 3.43 2.51 2.87 3.01 2.77 2.83

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Distribution Costs 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.49

 Wholesale Price 2.79 1.68 2.08 2.22 2.27 2.33

Imported Low Sulfur Light Crude Oil Price 2/ 2.39 1.47 1.86 1.98 2.05 2.10

Imported Crude Oil Price 2/ 2.22 1.41 1.78 1.91 1.92 1.97
 1/ Includes a 2 cent average local tax.

 2/ Weighted average price delivered to U.S. refiners.

 - - = Not applicable.

 Sources: 2009 distribution costs and wholesale prices: estimated based on Energy Information

Administration (EIA) Form EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product

Sales Report" and EIA-782B, "Resellers'/Retailers' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."

2009 diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel taxes: Defense Energy Support Center, "Compilation of

United States Fuel Taxes, Inspection Fees, and Environmental Taxes and Fees", July 2008.

2008 and 2009 end-user prices: estimated as the sum of the components.

Projections: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System run ref2011.d120810c.
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

3.03 3.09 3.21 3.29 3.38 3.46 3.53 3.53 3.59

0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

2.41 2.47 2.59 2.68 2.77 2.86 2.93 2.94 2.99

3.06 3.14 3.18 3.25 3.29 3.34 3.38 3.38 3.43

0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

2.50 2.58 2.62 2.69 2.73 2.79 2.84 2.84 2.89

2.54 2.56 2.67 2.77 2.84 2.91 2.97 3.01 3.04

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.46 2.48 2.59 2.69 2.77 2.84 2.90 2.93 2.97

2.88 2.93 3.05 3.15 3.24 3.31 3.37 3.40 3.45

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.49 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.51

2.39 2.42 2.53 2.63 2.71 2.79 2.84 2.87 2.91

2.18 2.25 2.33 2.40 2.46 2.52 2.57 2.63 2.67

2.03 2.07 2.12 2.18 2.24 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.44

2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031

2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031

3.64 3.69 3.74 3.76 3.81 3.81 3.87 3.83 3.85

0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

3.05 3.11 3.15 3.18 3.23 3.24 3.30 3.27 3.29

3.46 3.51 3.55 3.58 3.62 3.62 3.68 3.64 3.65

0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

2.92 2.97 3.02 3.05 3.09 3.09 3.15 3.12 3.12

3.09 3.14 3.18 3.21 3.25 3.28 3.30 3.34 3.36

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.02 3.07 3.11 3.14 3.18 3.21 3.24 3.27 3.29

3.50 3.56 3.60 3.63 3.68 3.69 3.73 3.73 3.76

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51

2.96 3.00 3.04 3.08 3.11 3.14 3.16 3.19 3.22

2.72 2.76 2.80 2.83 2.86 2.88 2.91 2.93 2.94

2.48 2.53 2.56 2.59 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.67 2.69

2032 2033 2034 2035

2009-

2032 2033 2034 2035 2035

3.85 3.86 3.87 3.89 1.8%

0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 -1.8%

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.1%

3.29 3.30 3.32 3.34 2.7%

3.65 3.66 3.67 3.69 1.8%

0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 -1.8%

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.1%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.1%

3.13 3.14 3.16 3.18 2.2%

3.37 3.38 3.39 3.41 2.7%

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.8%

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0%

3.30 3.31 3.33 3.35 2.8%

3.77 3.78 3.80 3.82 1.6%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.6%

3.23 3.24 3.25 3.27 2.6%

2.96 2.97 2.97 2.98 2.8%

2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.6%
Product Price Components 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Diesel (Transportation Sector)

 End-User Price 3.84 2.44 2.89 3.03 2.92 2.97 3.02 3.08 3.19 3.29

 Federal Taxes 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21

 State Taxes 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

 Wholesale Price 3.07 1.67 2.13 2.26 2.29 2.34 2.4 2.47 2.58 2.68

Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

 End-User Price 3.31 2.34 2.68 2.8 2.82 2.97 3.05 3.13 3.18 3.25

 Federal Taxes 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16

 State Taxes 1/ 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16

 Wholesale Price 2.63 1.79 2.14 2.26 2.25 2.41 2.49 2.57 2.62 2.7

Jet Fuel

 End-User Price 3.15 1.7 2.13 2.28 2.44 2.49 2.53 2.57 2.68 2.77

 Federal Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 State Taxes 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Wholesale Price 3.09 1.64 2.07 2.22 2.36 2.41 2.45 2.49 2.6 2.69

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil/ Heating Oil

 End-User Price 3.43 2.51 2.87 3.01 2.76 2.82 2.87 2.93 3.05 3.15

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.5 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.5

 Wholesale Price 2.79 1.68 2.08 2.22 2.27 2.32 2.38 2.43 2.54 2.63

Imported Low Sulfur Light Crude Oil Price 2/ 2.39 1.47 1.86 1.98 2.04 2.1 2.18 2.25 2.32 2.39

Imported Crude Oil Price 2/ 2.22 1.41 1.78 1.91 1.92 1.97 2.03 2.07 2.12 2.18

 - - = Not applicable.

Components of Selected Petroleum Product Prices, United States, Reference case

(2009 dollars per gallon)

 1/ Includes a 2 cent average local tax.

 2/ Weighted average price delivered to U.S. refiners.

 Sources: 2009 distribution costs and wholesale prices: estimated based on U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) Form EIA-782A, Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product"
Projections: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System.

Sales Report and EIA-782B

2009 diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel taxes: Defense Energy Support Center, Compilation of"

United States Fuel Taxes, Inspection Fees, and Environmental Taxes and Fees

2008 and 2009 end-user prices: estimated as the sum of the components.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

3.38 3.47 3.52 3.54 3.61 3.63 3.71 3.73 3.75 3.8 3.82 3.87 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.85 3.87

0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

2.77 2.86 2.92 2.94 3.02 3.04 3.12 3.14 3.17 3.23 3.25 3.3 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.29 3.32

3.3 3.34 3.38 3.39 3.45 3.47 3.52 3.54 3.56 3.62 3.63 3.68 3.64 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.69

0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11

0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

2.75 2.79 2.83 2.84 2.91 2.93 2.98 3 3.03 3.08 3.1 3.15 3.12 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.17

2.85 2.92 2.97 3.01 3.05 3.09 3.14 3.18 3.22 3.25 3.27 3.3 3.33 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.39

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.78 2.85 2.9 2.94 2.98 3.01 3.07 3.11 3.15 3.18 3.21 3.23 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.3 3.32

3.24 3.32 3.37 3.41 3.47 3.49 3.56 3.59 3.63 3.67 3.7 3.74 3.74 3.75 3.76 3.77 3.8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51

2.71 2.79 2.84 2.87 2.91 2.95 3.01 3.04 3.08 3.11 3.14 3.17 3.2 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.25

2.46 2.52 2.57 2.63 2.68 2.72 2.76 2.8 2.83 2.86 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.95 2.96 2.96 2.97

2.24 2.3 2.35 2.4 2.44 2.48 2.52 2.56 2.59 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.68 2.69 2.69 2.7 2.7

eum Product"

2035 Growth Rate (2009-2035)

3.89 1.80%

0.15 -1.80%

0.22 0.00%

0 - -

0.18 0.10%

3.34 2.70%

3.71 1.80%

0.11 -1.80%

0.24 0.10%

0 - -

0.16 0.10%

3.19 2.20%

3.41 2.70%

0.03 -1.80%

0.04 0.00%

0 - -

0 0.00%

3.35 2.80%

3.82 1.60%

0 - -

0.51 0.60%

3.27 2.60%

2.97 2.80%

2.71 2.60%

ref2011.d120810c 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Report Annual Energy Outlook 2011

Scenario ref2011 Reference case

Datekey d120810c

Release Date December 2010

3. Energy Prices by Sector and Source

(2009 dollars per million Btu, unless otherwise noted)

 Sector and Source 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

 Residential

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 29.46 24.63 26.49 26.72 28.50

 Distillate Fuel Oil 24.75 18.12 20.68 21.67 19.94

 Natural Gas 13.62 11.88 11.14 10.40 10.26

 Electricity 33.16 33.62 33.59 31.62 31.85

 Commercial

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 26.70 21.49 20.99 26.27 25.05

 Distillate Fuel Oil 21.81 15.97 18.22 19.08 18.08

 Residual Fuel 15.80 13.45 13.81 14.92 11.66

 Natural Gas 11.99 9.68 9.04 9.17 8.89

 Electricity 30.50 29.51 28.49 27.67 27.42

 Industrial 1/

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 24.95 20.59 22.10 27.91 22.04

 Distillate Fuel Oil 22.57 16.56 18.90 19.79 18.09

 Residual Fuel Oil 16.26 12.05 12.32 13.35 13.60

 Natural Gas 2/ 9.08 5.25 4.90 4.93 4.88

 Metallurgical Coal 4.53 5.43 6.22 6.10 6.09

 Other Industrial Coal 2.93 3.05 3.05 3.00 2.96

 Coal to Liquids 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Electricity 19.97 19.79 18.95 18.04 18.03

 Transportation

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 3/ 30.23 25.52 27.24 27.50 29.31

 E85 4/ 35.36 20.50 24.89 26.09 23.68

 Motor Gasoline 5/ 27.06 19.28 22.12 23.18 23.33

 Jet Fuel 6/ 23.30 12.59 15.76 16.88 18.09

 Diesel Fuel (distillate fuel oil) 7/ 27.97 17.79 21.07 22.10 21.29

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.57 10.57 10.82 11.72 11.36

 Natural Gas 8/ 17.20 12.71 12.15 12.11 12.04
 Electricity 34.68 34.92 30.30 31.04 31.04

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

$/kwh $ 0.1184 $ 0.1192 $ 0.1034 $ 0.1059 $ 0.1059

 Electric Power 9/

 Distillate Fuel Oil 19.56 14.33 16.38 17.22 15.70

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.75 8.96 11.43 12.12 11.88

 Natural Gas 9.10 4.82 5.18 4.79 4.69

 Steam Coal 2.07 2.20 2.26 2.22 2.16

 Average Price to All Users 10/

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 20.70 17.43 18.03 20.60 20.61

 E85 4/ 35.36 20.50 24.89 26.09 23.68

 Motor Gasoline 5/ 26.88 19.23 22.07 23.16 23.33

 Jet Fuel 23.30 12.59 15.76 16.88 18.09

 Distillate Fuel Oil 26.53 17.51 20.54 21.56 20.43

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.89 10.53 11.26 12.17 11.78

 Natural Gas 10.56 7.28 6.95 6.70 6.60

 Metallurgical Coal 4.53 5.43 6.22 6.10 6.09

 Other Coal 2.12 2.25 2.30 2.27 2.21

 Coal to Liquids 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Electricity 28.65 28.69 28.09 26.59 26.55

Non-Renewable Energy Expenditures by Sector

(billion 2009 dollars)

 Residential 256.17 238.63 247.99 224.58 225.42

 Commercial 191.84 174.64 170.50 169.65 168.32

 Industrial 249.50 179.25 194.35 214.45 202.74

 Transportation 717.39 474.91 554.94 588.24 594.96

 Total Non-Renewable Expenditures 1414.91 1067.44 1167.77 1196.92 1191.44

 Transportation Renewable Expenditures 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.13

 Total Expenditures 1414.95 1067.50 1167.83 1197.00 1191.57

Prices in Nominal Dollars

 Residential

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 29.18 24.63 26.72 27.31 29.46

 Distillate Fuel Oil 24.52 18.12 20.87 22.15 20.61

 Natural Gas 13.49 11.88 11.24 10.63 10.60

 Electricity 32.85 33.62 33.88 32.32 32.92

 Commercial

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 26.45 21.49 21.18 26.85 25.89

 Distillate Fuel Oil 21.61 15.97 18.38 19.50 18.69
 Residual Fuel 15.66 13.45 13.94 15.25 12.05

 Natural Gas 11.88 9.68 9.12 9.37 9.19

 Electricity 30.22 29.51 28.74 28.28 28.34

 Industrial 1/

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 24.72 20.59 22.29 28.53 22.78

 Distillate Fuel Oil 22.36 16.56 19.06 20.23 18.70

 Residual Fuel Oil 16.11 12.05 12.42 13.65 14.06

 Natural Gas 2/ 8.99 5.25 4.95 5.04 5.04

 Metallurgical Coal 4.49 5.43 6.27 6.24 6.29

 Other Industrial Coal 2.90 3.05 3.07 3.07 3.06

 Coal to Liquids 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Electricity 19.79 19.79 19.12 18.44 18.63

 Transportation

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 3/ 29.95 25.52 27.48 28.11 30.29

 E85 4/ 35.03 20.50 25.11 26.67 24.48

 Motor Gasoline 5/ 26.81 19.28 22.31 23.70 24.12

 Jet Fuel 6/ 23.09 12.59 15.90 17.26 18.70

 Diesel Fuel (distillate fuel oil) 7/ 27.71 17.79 21.26 22.58 22.00

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.43 10.57 10.92 11.98 11.74

 Natural Gas 8/ 17.04 12.71 12.26 12.38 12.44

 Electricity 34.36 34.92 30.57 31.73 32.09

 Electric Power 9/

 Distillate Fuel Oil 19.38 14.33 16.53 17.60 16.23

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.61 8.96 11.53 12.39 12.28

 Natural Gas 9.02 4.82 5.23 4.90 4.85

 Steam Coal 2.05 2.20 2.28 2.27 2.24

 Average Price to All Users 10/

 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 20.51 17.43 18.19 21.06 21.30

 E85 4/ 35.03 20.50 25.11 26.67 24.48

 Motor Gasoline 5/ 26.63 19.23 22.27 23.67 24.12

 Jet Fuel 23.09 12.59 15.90 17.26 18.70

 Distillate Fuel Oil 26.28 17.51 20.72 22.03 21.11

 Residual Fuel Oil 14.75 10.53 11.35 12.44 12.18

 Natural Gas 10.46 7.28 7.01 6.85 6.82

 Metallurgical Coal 4.49 5.43 6.27 6.24 6.29

 Other Coal 2.10 2.25 2.32 2.32 2.28

 Coal to Liquids 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Electricity 28.38 28.69 28.33 27.18 27.45

Non-Renewable Energy Expenditures by Sector

(billion nominal dollars)
 Residential 253.79 238.63 250.16 229.56 233.01

 Commercial 190.06 174.64 171.99 173.41 173.99

 Industrial 247.18 179.25 196.05 219.20 209.57

 Transportation 710.71 474.91 559.80 601.27 614.99

 Total Non-Renewable Expenditures 1401.74 1067.44 1178.00 1223.45 1231.55

 Transportation Renewable Expenditures 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.14

 Total Expenditures 1401.78 1067.50 1178.07 1223.53 1231.69

 1/ Includes energy for combined heat and power plants, except those whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat,

to the public.

 2/ Excludes use for lease and plant fuel.

 3/ Includes Federal and State taxes while excluding county and local taxes.

 4/ E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) and 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold starting issues,

the percentage of ethanol varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for thie forecast.

 5/ Sales weighted-average price for all grades. Includes Federal, State, and local taxes.

 6/ Kerosene-type jet fuel. Includes Federal and State taxes while excluding county and local taxes.

 7/ Diesel fuel for on-road use. Includes Federal and State taxes while excluding county and local taxes.

 8/ Compressed natural gas used as a vehicle fuel. Includes estimated motor vehicle fuel taxes and estimated dispensing costs or charges.

 9/ Includes electricity-only and combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public.

 10/ Weighted averages of end-use fuel prices are derived from the prices shown in each sector and the corresponding sectoral consumption.

 Btu = British thermal unit.

 - - = Not applicable.

 Note: Data for 2008 and 2009 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports.

 Sources: 2008 and 2009 prices for motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and jet fuel are based on prices

in the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual

2009, DOE/EIA-0487(2009) (Washington, DC, August 2010).

2008 residential and commercial natural gas delivered prices: EIA,

Natural Gas Annual 2008, DOE/EIA-0131(2008) (Washington, DC, March 2010). 2009 residential and commercial natural gas

delivered prices: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, DOE/EIA-0130(2010/07) (Washington, DC, July 2010).

2008 and 2009

industrial natural gas delivered prices are estimated based on: EIA, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 1994 and

industrial and wellhead prices from the Natural Gas Annual 2008, DOE/EIA-0131(2008) (Washington, DC, March 2010)

and the Natural Gas Monthly, DOE/EIA-0130(2010/07) (Washington, DC, July 2010).

2008 transportation sector natural gas delivered prices are based on: EIA, Natural Gas Annual

2008, DOE/EIA-0131(2008) (Washington, DC, March 2010) and estimated State taxes, Federal taxes, and dispensing costs or charges.

2009 transportation sector natural gas delivered prices are model results.

2008 and 2009 electric power prices based on: EIA, Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(2010/09)

(Washington, DC, September 2010). 2008 and 2009 E85 prices

2008 and 2009 electric power sector natural gas prices: EIA, Electric Power Monthly,

April 2009 and April 2010, Table 4.2.

2008 and 2009 coal prices based on: EIA, Quarterly Coal Report,

October-December 2009, DOE/EIA-0121(2009/4Q) (Washington, DC, April 2010) and EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System run ref2011.d120810

2008 and 2009 electricity prices: EIA, Annual Energy Review

2009, DOE/EIA-0384(2009) (Washington, DC, August 2010).

2008 and 2009 E85 prices derived from monthly prices in the Clean Cities

Alternative Fuel Price Report. Projections: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System run ref2011.d120810c.
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Reference case

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

28.95 29.45 29.80 30.24 30.79 31.30 31.77 32.21 32.62

20.40 20.80 21.14 22.01 22.69 23.33 23.90 24.32 24.51

10.28 10.24 10.31 10.39 10.53 10.66 10.78 10.95 11.14

32.05 32.02 32.00 31.84 31.75 31.65 31.51 31.43 31.33

25.50 25.99 26.34 26.78 27.32 27.83 28.30 28.73 29.14

18.53 18.93 19.30 20.15 20.77 21.40 21.94 22.37 22.59

12.23 12.86 13.26 13.71 14.17 14.60 14.79 15.19 15.53

8.76 8.55 8.59 8.63 8.72 8.82 8.90 9.05 9.19

27.17 27.01 27.01 26.93 26.84 26.74 26.66 26.62 26.56

22.51 23.01 23.35 23.79 24.33 24.86 25.35 25.81 26.22

18.55 18.97 19.39 20.24 20.84 21.48 22.03 22.47 22.69

13.90 14.43 14.84 15.29 15.68 16.12 16.40 16.72 16.96

4.94 4.94 5.00 5.09 5.16 5.25 5.32 5.44 5.58

6.16 6.06 6.05 6.03 6.13 6.20 6.27 6.33 6.34

2.95 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.95

0.00 0.00 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.88

17.91 17.88 17.90 17.89 17.88 17.84 17.82 17.81 17.81

29.74 30.23 30.58 31.01 31.55 32.06 32.52 32.96 33.37

24.92 25.73 26.38 26.35 27.21 27.89 28.50 28.74 28.78

24.54 25.32 25.97 26.34 26.92 27.28 27.79 28.15 28.15

18.47 18.79 18.93 19.75 20.49 21.04 21.56 22.03 22.27

21.73 22.14 22.56 23.40 24.00 24.66 25.26 25.73 25.77

11.73 12.23 12.69 13.11 13.53 14.00 14.29 14.62 14.86

12.12 12.13 12.13 12.13 12.18 12.23 12.27 12.35 12.44
30.85 30.62 30.28 29.70 29.00 28.47 28.19 27.94 27.91

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

$ 0.1053 $ 0.1045 $ 0.1033 $ 0.1014 $ 0.0990 $ 0.0972 $ 0.0962 $ 0.0954 $ 0.0953

16.14 16.52 16.81 17.57 18.29 18.91 19.42 19.82 20.04

12.24 12.76 13.21 13.63 14.06 14.52 14.46 14.80 15.05

4.75 4.71 4.78 4.82 4.88 4.96 5.02 5.11 5.23

2.12 2.10 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.16 2.17

20.97 21.39 21.69 22.07 22.56 23.03 23.46 23.86 24.23

24.92 25.73 26.38 26.35 27.21 27.89 28.50 28.74 28.78

24.53 25.32 25.97 26.34 26.92 27.28 27.79 28.15 28.15

18.47 18.79 18.93 19.75 20.49 21.04 21.56 22.03 22.27

21.02 21.44 21.88 22.73 23.34 24.00 24.60 25.07 25.16

12.16 12.66 13.11 13.54 13.96 14.42 14.61 14.95 15.20

6.58 6.54 6.58 6.65 6.74 6.83 6.91 7.05 7.20

6.16 6.06 6.05 6.03 6.13 6.20 6.27 6.33 6.34

2.17 2.15 2.18 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.21

0.00 0.00 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.88

26.39 26.33 26.30 26.23 26.17 26.10 26.03 25.99 25.95

224.76 224.33 224.68 225.86 226.89 228.35 229.78 231.72 233.06

168.41 169.12 171.58 173.79 176.19 178.63 181.04 183.63 186.09

213.71 219.08 225.56 230.02 233.91 237.59 241.04 245.18 248.16

628.69 647.85 665.04 682.69 699.68 711.65 725.56 736.76 743.44

1235.57 1260.39 1286.86 1312.35 1336.67 1356.21 1377.42 1397.29 1410.74

0.17 0.20 0.23 0.75 2.72 5.07 6.88 9.13 6.40

1235.74 1260.59 1287.09 1313.10 1339.39 1361.28 1384.30 1406.42 1417.15

30.43 31.52 32.54 33.69 35.01 36.34 37.65 38.96 40.21

21.44 22.26 23.08 24.52 25.81 27.09 28.32 29.41 30.21

10.81 10.96 11.26 11.57 11.97 12.38 12.78 13.24 13.73

33.69 34.27 34.95 35.47 36.11 36.75 37.34 38.01 38.61

26.80 27.82 28.77 29.83 31.07 32.31 33.53 34.75 35.92

19.47 20.26 21.08 22.45 23.62 24.85 26.00 27.05 27.84
12.85 13.77 14.48 15.27 16.11 16.96 17.52 18.37 19.14

9.20 9.16 9.38 9.61 9.92 10.24 10.55 10.94 11.33

28.55 28.92 29.50 30.01 30.52 31.05 31.59 32.19 32.74

23.66 24.63 25.50 26.50 27.66 28.87 30.04 31.21 32.32

19.50 20.30 21.18 22.55 23.70 24.94 26.10 27.17 27.97

14.61 15.45 16.21 17.03 17.83 18.72 19.43 20.22 20.90

5.19 5.29 5.46 5.67 5.87 6.09 6.30 6.58 6.88

6.47 6.49 6.60 6.71 6.97 7.20 7.43 7.66 7.81

3.10 3.14 3.19 3.26 3.34 3.41 3.48 3.56 3.63

0.00 0.00 1.97 2.03 2.10 2.17 2.24 2.31 2.32

18.83 19.13 19.55 19.94 20.33 20.72 21.12 21.54 21.95

31.26 32.36 33.39 34.55 35.88 37.22 38.54 39.86 41.12

26.19 27.54 28.81 29.35 30.95 32.39 33.78 34.76 35.47

25.79 27.11 28.36 29.34 30.61 31.68 32.93 34.05 34.69

19.41 20.11 20.68 22.00 23.30 24.43 25.55 26.64 27.45

22.84 23.70 24.64 26.07 27.29 28.63 29.93 31.12 31.76

12.33 13.09 13.86 14.61 15.39 16.25 16.93 17.69 18.32

12.74 12.98 13.24 13.51 13.85 14.20 14.54 14.93 15.33

32.43 32.77 33.06 33.08 32.98 33.06 33.41 33.79 34.41

16.96 17.68 18.36 19.57 20.80 21.95 23.02 23.97 24.70

12.87 13.65 14.42 15.19 15.99 16.86 17.13 17.90 18.55

4.99 5.04 5.22 5.37 5.55 5.76 5.95 6.18 6.45

2.23 2.25 2.33 2.38 2.44 2.49 2.55 2.61 2.67

22.03 22.89 23.68 24.59 25.66 26.74 27.80 28.86 29.86

26.19 27.54 28.81 29.35 30.95 32.39 33.78 34.76 35.47

25.79 27.11 28.36 29.34 30.61 31.68 32.93 34.04 34.69

19.41 20.11 20.68 22.00 23.30 24.43 25.55 26.64 27.45

22.09 22.95 23.89 25.33 26.55 27.87 29.15 30.32 31.01

12.78 13.55 14.32 15.08 15.87 16.74 17.31 18.08 18.73

6.92 7.00 7.18 7.41 7.66 7.93 8.19 8.52 8.87

6.47 6.49 6.60 6.71 6.97 7.20 7.43 7.66 7.81

2.28 2.30 2.38 2.43 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.67 2.72

0.00 0.00 1.97 2.03 2.10 2.17 2.24 2.31 2.32

27.73 28.18 28.73 29.22 29.76 30.30 30.85 31.44 31.98
236.22 240.13 245.36 251.63 258.01 265.15 272.29 280.23 287.25

177.00 181.03 187.38 193.62 200.35 207.42 214.53 222.07 229.36

224.61 234.51 246.32 256.26 266.00 275.88 285.63 296.51 305.87

660.76 693.47 726.25 760.58 795.64 826.35 859.78 891.01 916.31

1298.60 1349.14 1405.30 1462.09 1520.00 1574.80 1632.24 1689.82 1738.78

0.17 0.21 0.25 0.84 3.09 5.89 8.15 11.05 7.89

1298.77 1349.35 1405.55 1462.93 1523.09 1580.69 1640.39 1700.87 1746.68

city, or electricity and heat,

o address cold starting issues,

d dispensing costs or charges.

or electricity and heat, to the

sponding sectoral consumption.

ensing costs or charges.

Energy Modeling System run ref2011.d120810c.
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

32.98 33.32 33.64 33.92 34.15 34.39 34.56 34.70 34.86

24.88 25.27 25.64 25.96 26.21 26.52 26.64 26.93 26.92

11.33 11.54 11.72 11.91 12.07 12.23 12.36 12.49 12.63

31.27 31.23 31.19 31.22 31.24 31.22 31.22 31.27 31.18

29.49 29.83 30.15 30.42 30.65 30.88 31.05 31.19 31.34

22.99 23.38 23.75 24.08 24.31 24.62 24.72 25.05 24.99

16.20 16.68 16.88 17.05 17.21 17.37 17.50 17.56 17.69

9.34 9.52 9.69 9.84 9.98 10.10 10.22 10.31 10.41

26.56 26.61 26.64 26.70 26.70 26.63 26.62 26.65 26.59

26.60 26.94 27.27 27.53 27.76 27.98 28.14 28.24 28.39

23.14 23.54 23.92 24.27 24.50 24.83 24.90 25.29 25.15

17.34 17.73 17.97 18.19 18.39 18.57 18.63 18.58 18.68

5.73 5.90 6.07 6.22 6.34 6.45 6.54 6.59 6.66

6.35 6.40 6.43 6.46 6.48 6.47 6.47 6.54 6.51

2.96 2.97 2.99 3.00 3.03 3.03 3.02 3.05 3.04

1.91 1.89 1.93 1.81 1.79 1.91 1.95 2.00 1.99

17.85 17.91 17.96 18.01 18.06 18.08 18.16 18.24 18.24

33.72 34.05 34.37 34.64 34.86 35.09 35.26 35.40 35.55

28.29 28.74 29.20 29.55 29.86 30.21 30.22 30.67 30.37

28.53 28.85 29.22 29.60 29.82 30.17 30.14 30.67 30.35

22.55 22.89 23.25 23.54 23.80 24.04 24.31 24.48 24.70

26.17 26.56 26.93 27.27 27.46 27.79 27.79 28.21 27.98

15.13 15.49 15.78 16.03 16.26 16.45 16.58 16.58 16.70

12.54 12.68 12.79 12.90 12.99 13.07 13.14 13.19 13.24
28.02 28.19 28.36 28.65 28.93 29.13 29.42 29.71 29.95

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

$ 0.0956 $ 0.0962 $ 0.0968 $ 0.0978 $ 0.0987 $ 0.0994 $ 0.1004 $ 0.1014 $ 0.1022

20.29 20.67 21.00 21.30 21.57 21.81 22.06 22.15 22.35

15.38 15.76 16.02 16.25 16.45 16.64 16.75 16.74 16.87

5.36 5.52 5.67 5.82 5.94 6.06 6.15 6.21 6.29

2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.31

24.56 24.87 25.18 25.45 25.68 25.92 26.09 26.23 26.39

28.29 28.74 29.20 29.55 29.86 30.21 30.22 30.67 30.37

28.53 28.85 29.22 29.60 29.82 30.17 30.14 30.67 30.35

22.55 22.89 23.25 23.54 23.80 24.04 24.31 24.48 24.70

25.57 25.96 26.34 26.68 26.90 27.23 27.26 27.67 27.47

15.51 15.89 16.16 16.40 16.61 16.79 16.91 16.90 17.02

7.36 7.54 7.72 7.88 8.01 8.13 8.22 8.29 8.37

6.35 6.40 6.43 6.46 6.48 6.47 6.47 6.54 6.51

2.23 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.34 2.35

1.91 1.89 1.93 1.81 1.79 1.91 1.95 2.00 1.99

25.97 26.02 26.07 26.14 26.20 26.21 26.27 26.34 26.32

235.29 237.72 240.57 242.81 245.33 247.69 250.56 252.35 254.14

188.90 192.15 195.29 198.61 201.64 204.34 207.31 210.50 213.12

251.15 254.18 256.74 258.82 259.70 260.28 260.34 261.29 261.15

750.13 757.03 765.62 776.80 786.57 797.96 803.71 815.32 816.57

1425.47 1441.08 1458.23 1477.04 1493.24 1510.27 1521.92 1539.46 1544.97

12.49 17.88 22.97 26.00 26.93 29.57 30.58 36.77 36.56

1437.96 1458.97 1481.19 1503.04 1520.17 1539.84 1552.50 1576.23 1581.53

41.38 42.56 43.76 44.92 46.05 47.24 48.36 49.49 50.62

31.22 32.29 33.35 34.38 35.34 36.43 37.28 38.40 39.10

14.22 14.74 15.24 15.77 16.28 16.80 17.30 17.81 18.34

39.24 39.91 40.56 41.35 42.13 42.89 43.69 44.59 45.28

37.01 38.11 39.22 40.29 41.33 42.43 43.45 44.48 45.51

28.85 29.87 30.89 31.88 32.78 33.83 34.60 35.72 36.29
20.32 21.31 21.96 22.59 23.21 23.87 24.49 25.04 25.69

11.73 12.17 12.60 13.03 13.45 13.88 14.30 14.70 15.11

33.33 34.00 34.66 35.36 36.01 36.59 37.26 38.01 38.61

33.38 34.42 35.47 36.46 37.43 38.44 39.37 40.28 41.22

29.04 30.08 31.12 32.14 33.04 34.12 34.85 36.07 36.52

21.76 22.65 23.37 24.09 24.80 25.51 26.07 26.50 27.13

7.19 7.54 7.89 8.23 8.55 8.86 9.15 9.40 9.67

7.98 8.18 8.37 8.56 8.74 8.89 9.06 9.32 9.45

3.71 3.79 3.89 3.98 4.08 4.16 4.23 4.35 4.42

2.39 2.42 2.51 2.40 2.42 2.62 2.73 2.85 2.89

22.40 22.88 23.36 23.86 24.36 24.84 25.42 26.01 26.48

42.31 43.50 44.70 45.87 47.01 48.22 49.35 50.48 51.62

35.51 36.72 37.98 39.14 40.27 41.51 42.29 43.73 44.10

35.81 36.85 38.01 39.20 40.21 41.45 42.18 43.74 44.07

28.30 29.25 30.24 31.18 32.09 33.03 34.02 34.91 35.87

32.84 33.93 35.03 36.11 37.03 38.18 38.90 40.23 40.63

18.99 19.79 20.52 21.23 21.93 22.60 23.21 23.65 24.25

15.74 16.20 16.64 17.09 17.52 17.96 18.39 18.80 19.22

35.17 36.02 36.89 37.95 39.01 40.03 41.17 42.37 43.50

25.47 26.41 27.32 28.21 29.08 29.97 30.87 31.59 32.45

19.30 20.13 20.83 21.52 22.18 22.86 23.44 23.88 24.49

6.73 7.05 7.38 7.70 8.00 8.32 8.60 8.86 9.14

2.74 2.81 2.89 2.97 3.05 3.12 3.19 3.28 3.36

30.82 31.78 32.76 33.70 34.62 35.61 36.52 37.41 38.32

35.51 36.72 37.98 39.14 40.27 41.51 42.29 43.73 44.10

35.81 36.85 38.01 39.20 40.21 41.45 42.18 43.74 44.07

28.30 29.25 30.24 31.18 32.09 33.03 34.02 34.91 35.87

32.09 33.17 34.26 35.34 36.27 37.41 38.15 39.46 39.90

19.47 20.30 21.01 21.71 22.39 23.07 23.66 24.10 24.71

9.23 9.63 10.04 10.43 10.80 11.17 11.51 11.82 12.15

7.98 8.18 8.37 8.56 8.74 8.89 9.06 9.32 9.45

2.79 2.87 2.94 3.02 3.10 3.18 3.25 3.34 3.41

2.39 2.42 2.51 2.40 2.42 2.62 2.73 2.85 2.89

32.59 33.25 33.91 34.62 35.33 36.01 36.76 37.56 38.22
295.28 303.72 312.93 321.56 330.81 340.30 350.66 359.88 369.04

237.07 245.50 254.03 263.03 271.90 280.74 290.12 300.19 309.47

315.19 324.75 333.97 342.77 350.19 357.59 364.34 372.63 379.22

941.39 967.21 995.91 1028.77 1060.66 1096.30 1124.79 1162.73 1185.76

1788.94 1841.18 1896.84 1956.13 2013.56 2074.94 2129.91 2195.42 2243.50

15.68 22.85 29.87 34.44 36.32 40.63 42.80 52.44 53.09

1804.62 1864.03 1926.71 1990.56 2049.88 2115.56 2172.71 2247.86 2296.59
2031 2032 2033 2034 2035

2009-

2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2035

34.95 34.98 35.01 35.02 35.05 1.4%

27.09 27.18 27.28 27.39 27.56 1.6%

12.79 12.95 13.13 13.32 13.51 0.5%

31.24 31.29 31.41 31.58 31.67 -0.2%

31.44 31.46 31.48 31.49 31.52 1.5%

25.14 25.20 25.28 25.39 25.54 1.8%

17.79 17.81 17.90 17.99 18.15 1.2%

10.53 10.67 10.80 10.95 11.10 0.5%

26.63 26.70 26.79 26.95 27.03 -0.3%

28.48 28.52 28.54 28.53 28.56 1.3%

25.30 25.34 25.41 25.53 25.69 1.7%

18.70 18.54 18.58 18.53 18.63 1.7%

6.76 6.88 7.00 7.14 7.32 1.3%

6.56 6.59 6.58 6.57 6.59 0.7%

3.06 3.09 3.11 3.11 3.13 0.1%

2.00 2.03 2.06 2.08 2.11 - -

18.33 18.40 18.50 18.66 18.74 -0.2%

35.64 35.65 35.68 35.68 35.70 1.3%

30.38 30.46 30.54 30.63 30.82 1.6%

30.39 30.43 30.51 30.59 30.77 1.8%

24.87 24.95 25.02 25.12 25.28 2.7%

28.10 28.12 28.17 28.27 28.41 1.8%

16.70 16.49 16.47 16.35 16.42 1.7% 0.004918

13.31 13.40 13.49 13.58 13.70 0.3%
30.25 30.57 30.88 31.30 31.57 -0.4%

2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039

$ 0.1033 $ 0.1043 $ 0.1054 $ 0.1068 $ 0.1077 $ 0.1083 $ 0.1088 $ 0.1093 $ 0.1099

22.51 22.54 22.64 22.76 22.91 1.8%

16.89 16.73 16.76 16.68 16.66 2.4%

6.40 6.53 6.64 6.77 6.94 1.4%

2.33 2.35 2.36 2.38 2.39 0.3%

26.49 26.54 26.58 26.61 26.67 1.6%

30.38 30.46 30.54 30.63 30.82 1.6%

30.39 30.43 30.51 30.59 30.77 1.8%

24.87 24.95 25.02 25.12 25.28 2.7%

27.61 27.63 27.69 27.80 27.94 1.8%

17.03 16.85 16.85 16.76 16.81 1.8%

8.47 8.60 8.72 8.86 9.03 0.8%

6.56 6.59 6.58 6.57 6.59 0.7%

2.37 2.38 2.40 2.41 2.43 0.3%

2.00 2.03 2.06 2.08 2.11 - -

26.41 26.50 26.64 26.83 26.95 -0.2%

256.72 259.71 261.87 265.03 267.92 0.4%

216.50 220.03 223.68 227.83 231.62 1.1%

262.05 262.04 262.20 262.31 262.43 1.5%

824.94 834.49 842.55 853.28 865.68 2.3%

1560.21 1576.27 1590.29 1608.45 1627.64 1.6%

37.87 36.44 37.31 36.87 37.09 28.2%

1598.09 1612.71 1627.61 1645.32 1664.73 1.7%

51.70 52.75 53.83 54.90 56.03 3.2%

40.07 40.98 41.94 42.95 44.07 3.5%

18.92 19.53 20.19 20.88 21.60 2.3%

46.22 47.18 48.30 49.52 50.63 1.6%

46.50 47.44 48.41 49.37 50.39 3.3%

37.19 38.00 38.87 39.80 40.84 3.7%
26.32 26.85 27.52 28.20 29.02 3.0%

15.58 16.09 16.61 17.17 17.75 2.4%

39.39 40.25 41.19 42.25 43.22 1.5%

42.13 43.00 43.88 44.74 45.66 3.1%

37.42 38.20 39.08 40.03 41.07 3.6%

27.65 27.95 28.57 29.05 29.79 3.5%

10.00 10.37 10.76 11.20 11.70 3.1%

9.70 9.93 10.12 10.30 10.53 2.6%

4.53 4.66 4.77 4.88 5.00 1.9%

2.95 3.06 3.16 3.26 3.37 - -

27.11 27.74 28.44 29.26 29.96 1.6%

52.71 53.76 54.86 55.94 57.08 3.1%

44.93 45.93 46.95 48.03 49.28 3.4%

44.95 45.89 46.91 47.96 49.19 3.7%

36.79 37.63 38.47 39.38 40.41 4.6%

41.57 42.40 43.32 44.32 45.43 3.7%

24.70 24.87 25.32 25.63 26.25 3.6%

19.69 20.21 20.74 21.30 21.90 2.1%

44.75 46.10 47.48 49.08 50.48 1.4%

33.30 33.99 34.81 35.68 36.63 3.7%

24.99 25.23 25.77 26.16 26.63 4.3%

9.47 9.84 10.21 10.62 11.09 3.3%

3.45 3.54 3.63 3.72 3.83 2.2%

39.19 40.02 40.87 41.73 42.64 3.5%

44.93 45.93 46.95 48.03 49.28 3.4%

44.95 45.89 46.91 47.96 49.19 3.7%

36.79 37.63 38.47 39.38 40.41 4.6%

40.84 41.66 42.58 43.58 44.68 3.7%

25.19 25.41 25.91 26.28 26.88 3.7%

12.53 12.97 13.41 13.90 14.43 2.7%

9.70 9.93 10.12 10.30 10.53 2.6%

3.50 3.59 3.68 3.78 3.88 2.1%

2.95 3.06 3.16 3.26 3.37 - -

39.06 39.96 40.96 42.07 43.09 1.6%
379.73 391.62 402.66 415.56 428.36 2.3%

320.24 331.78 343.94 357.23 370.32 2.9%

387.62 395.14 403.17 411.28 419.57 3.3%

1220.24 1258.33 1295.54 1337.90 1384.07 4.2%

2307.84 2376.87 2445.30 2521.98 2602.32 3.5%

56.02 54.95 57.38 57.81 59.30 30.5%

2363.86 2431.82 2502.68 2579.79 2661.62 3.6%

2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048

$ 0.1104 $ 0.1110 $ 0.1115 $ 0.1121 $ 0.1126 $ 0.1132 $ 0.1137 $ 0.1143 $ 0.1148



2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057

$ 0.1154 $ 0.1160 $ 0.1165 $ 0.1171 $ 0.1177 $ 0.1183 $ 0.1189 $ 0.1194 $ 0.1200



2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066

$ 0.1206 $ 0.1212 $ 0.1218 $ 0.1224 $ 0.1230 $ 0.1236 $ 0.1242 $ 0.1248 $ 0.1254



2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075

$ 0.1261 $ 0.1267 $ 0.1273 $ 0.1279 $ 0.1286 $ 0.1292 $ 0.1298 $ 0.1305 $ 0.1311



2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084

$ 0.1318 $ 0.1324 $ 0.1331 $ 0.1337 $ 0.1344 $ 0.1350 $ 0.1357 $ 0.1364 $ 0.1370



2085 2086 2087

$ 0.1377 $ 0.1384 $ 0.1391
Supply, Disposition, and Prices 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Net Generation by Fuel Type

Electric Power Sector 1/

 Power Only 2/

 Coal 1932 1719 1814 1771 1777 1774 1755 1746

 Petroleum 39 32 39 38 38 38 37 37

 Natural Gas 3/ 683 722 777 731 710 717 719 729

 Nuclear Power 806 799 803 803 813 827 833 839

 Pumped Storage/Other 4/ 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Renewable Sources 5/ 347 380 371 407 450 461 478 491

 Distributed Generation (Natural Gas) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

 Total 3807 3653 3804 3749 3788 3817 3821 3843

 Combined Heat and Power 6/

 Coal 37 30 27 26 24 23 23 23

 Petroleum 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Natural Gas 119 119 129 126 126 128 125 129

 Renewable Sources 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

 Total 167 161 159 155 153 154 151 155

 Total Net Generation 3974 3814 3963 3904 3941 3971 3972 3998

 Less Direct Use 35 35 33 33 33 33 33 33

 Net Available to the Grid 3939 3779 3930 3871 3907 3938 3939 3965

 End-Use Generation 7/

 Coal 19 23 23 23 23 23 23 30

 Petroleum 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

 Natural Gas 80 90 103 115 122 130 136 141

 Other Gaseous Fuels 8/ 11 11 11 11 14 15 15 15

 Renewable Sources 9/ 34 36 41 46 50 55 57 63

 Other 10/ 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

 Total 149 167 184 200 216 228 237 255

 Less Direct Use 120 135 149 163 175 185 192 205

 Total Sales to the Grid 29 31 35 38 41 43 45 49

 Total Electricity Generation by Fuel

 Coal 1987 1772 1864 1819 1824 1820 1800 1799

 Petroleum 46 41 45 44 43 43 42 43

 Natural Gas 882 931 1010 971 958 975 981 1000

 Nuclear Power 806 799 803 803 813 827 833 839

Electricity Supply, Disposition, Prices, and Emissions, Reference case

(billion kilowatthours, unless otherwise noted)
 Renewable Sources 5,9/ 385 420 414 455 503 519 538 556

 Other 11/ 16 18 12 12 16 16 16 16

Total Electricity Generation 4123 3981 4147 4105 4157 4199 4209 4253

Total Net Generation to the Grid 3968 3810 3965 3909 3948 3981 3984 4014

Net Imports 33 34 35 31 33 32 33 33

Electricity Sales by Sector

 Residential 1380 1363 1455 1357 1367 1350 1348 1348

 Commercial 1336 1323 1349 1356 1367 1380 1397 1416

 Industrial 1009 882 937 973 992 1032 1025 1038

 Transportation 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8

 Total 3732 3574 3749 3692 3734 3770 3777 3811

Direct Use 154 170 183 196 208 218 225 239

Total Electricity Use 3886 3745 3931 3888 3942 3988 4002 4049

End-Use Prices

(2009 cents per kilowatthour)

 Residential 11.3 11.5 11.4 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9 10.9

 Commercial 10.4 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.1

 Industrial 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 6 6

 Transportation 11.8 11.9 10.3 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.1 10

 All Sectors Average 9.8 9.8 9.6 9 9 8.9 8.9 8.9

(nominal cents per kilowatthour)

 Residential 11.2 11.5 11.5 11 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8

 Commercial 10.3 10.1 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.9

 Industrial 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

 Transportation 11.7 11.9 10.4 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.9

 All Sectors Average 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.7

Prices by Service Category

(2009 cents per kilowatthour)

 Generation 6.1 6 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.1 5 5

 Transmission 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

 Distribution 2.9 3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3

(nominal cents per kilowatthour)

 Generation 6.1 6 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5

 Transmission 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

 Distribution 2.9 3 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3

Electric Power Sector Emissions 1/

 Sulfur Dioxide (million tons) 7.62 5.72 5.89 5.27 4.53 4.05 3.83 3.77

 Nitrogen Oxide (million tons) 3.01 1.99 2.57 2.22 2.12 2.09 2.03 1.98

 Mercury (tons) 45.27 40.66 40.51 37.78 36.84 36.95 36.28 26.82
 5/ Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood, wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, landfill gas,

 1/ Includes electricity-only and combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity,

or electricity and heat, to the public.

 2/ Includes plants that only produce electricity.

 3/ Includes electricity generation from fuel cells.

 4/ Includes non-biogenic municipal waste. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

estimates that in 2009 approximately 6 billion kilowatthours of electricity were generated from a municipal waste stream

containing petroleum-derived plastics and other non-renewable sources. See U.S. Energy Information Administration,

Methodology for Allocating Municipal Solid Waste to Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Energy, (Washington, DC, May 2007).

chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

other biomass, solar, and wind power.

 6/ Includes combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public

(i.e., those that report North American Industry Classification System code 22).

 7/ Includes combined heat and power plants and electricity-only plants in the commercial and industrial sectors; and

small on-site generating systems in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors

used primarily for own-use generation, but which may also sell some power to the grid.

 8/ Includes refinery gas and still gas.

 9/ Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood, wood waste, all municipal waste, landfill gas,

other biomass, solar, and wind power.

 10/ Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

 11/ Includes pumped storage, non-biogenic municipal waste, refinery gas, still gas, batteries,

2008 and 2009 prices: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System.

Projections: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System.

 - - = Not applicable.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2008 and 2009

are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports.

 Sources: 2008 and 2009 electric power sector generation; sales to utilities;

net imports; electricity sales; electricity end-use prices; and emissions: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Annual Energy Review 2009, DOE/EIA-0384(2009) (Washington, DC, August 2010) and supporting databases.
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

1769 1777 1792 1809 1849 1890 1911 1937 1975 1987 2006 2016 2023 2024 2028

38 38 37 38 39 39 39 40 40 39 39 39 39 40 40

720 725 730 731 716 699 699 698 690 701 707 727 752 782 817

841 852 862 872 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

503 506 509 513 521 524 528 530 534 541 547 545 549 551 554

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4

3871 3898 3931 3964 4004 4031 4056 4084 4119 4148 4179 4207 4244 4277 4319

23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

126 129 131 132 125 121 121 121 119 119 119 120 119 119 120

3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

153 156 159 161 155 152 154 155 152 153 152 153 153 152 153

4024 4054 4090 4125 4158 4183 4209 4239 4271 4300 4332 4360 4397 4429 4472

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33

3991 4021 4057 4092 4125 4150 4176 4206 4238 4267 4299 4327 4364 4396 4439

31 31 32 32 32 33 38 44 48 52 57 62 68 73 79

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

146 150 153 156 160 163 167 171 175 180 185 190 197 204 211

15 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

66 69 72 76 82 90 99 109 118 128 136 143 146 147 147

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

264 270 277 285 295 308 325 344 363 381 399 417 431 444 458

213 217 221 225 230 236 245 255 265 276 288 301 312 322 334

51 53 56 60 65 71 80 89 97 105 110 115 119 122 124

1823 1833 1847 1866 1907 1951 1977 2010 2053 2069 2092 2108 2120 2127 2137

43 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 44 44 44 45 45 45

993 1004 1015 1021 1002 985 989 993 987 1003 1013 1040 1072 1108 1152

841 852 862 872 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877 877
573 578 585 593 608 618 631 642 657 673 687 692 698 701 703

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

4288 4325 4367 4410 4453 4491 4534 4583 4634 4682 4730 4777 4828 4874 4930

4042 4074 4113 4151 4190 4221 4256 4295 4336 4372 4409 4443 4482 4518 4563

34 33 30 29 27 30 29 26 25 22 20 21 20 18 13

1358 1363 1373 1384 1394 1403 1417 1431 1449 1461 1476 1492 1511 1522 1538

1438 1460 1483 1505 1526 1547 1568 1590 1613 1636 1660 1685 1710 1735 1761

1039 1040 1041 1042 1046 1047 1044 1041 1036 1031 1024 1016 1008 1002 997

9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18

3843 3872 3906 3941 3976 4008 4040 4073 4110 4142 4174 4208 4244 4276 4314

246 250 254 258 263 269 278 288 298 309 321 335 345 356 367

4089 4123 4161 4199 4240 4278 4318 4362 4409 4451 4496 4542 4589 4631 4681

10.8 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.6

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1

6 6 6 6 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2

9.8 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5

8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9 9 9 9

12 12.2 12.5 12.7 12.9 13.1 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.1 14.4 14.6 14.9 15.2 15.4

10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 10.9 11.1 11.3 11.6 11.8 12 12.3 12.5 12.7 13 13.2

6.7 6.9 7 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 9

10.9 10.9 11 11.2 11.6 11.8 12.1 12.5 12.9 13.3 13.7 14.1 14.5 14.9 15.3

9.8 10 10.2 10.4 10.7 10.9 11.1 11.3 11.5 11.8 12 12.3 12.5 12.8 13

5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

3 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4

5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 7 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4

0.9 0.9 0.9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5

3.76 3.64 3.54 3.49 3.68 3.75 3.82 3.88 4.14 4.09 4.2 4.15 4.05 3.99 3.96

1.96 1.96 1.95 1.96 1.98 1.99 1.98 1.99 2 2 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01

26.76 26.52 25.98 26.03 26.76 27.04 27.25 27.45 28.16 28 28.65 28.25 28.72 28.76 28.7
 waste, landfill gas,

 to sell electricity,

om a municipal waste stream

ormation Administration,

shington, DC, May 2007).

d heat to the public

nd industrial sectors; and

e, landfill gas,

ous technologies.

on Administration (EIA),

rting databases.
2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 Growth Rate (2009-2035)

2035 2043 2051 2064 2076 0.70%

40 40 40 40 41 1.00%

841 859 885 902 921 0.90%

877 877 876 875 874 0.30%

0 0 0 0 0 - -

556 561 563 566 569 1.60%

4 4 4 4 5 - -

4353 4384 4420 4453 4485 0.80%

30 32 32 31 31 0.10%

0 0 0 0 0 -9.10%

121 121 115 114 113 -0.20%

3 3 3 3 3 -1.00%

155 156 150 149 148 -0.30%

4508 4540 4570 4602 4633 0.80%

33 33 33 33 33 -0.20%

4474 4507 4537 4569 4600 0.80%

86 92 98 104 111 6.30%

5 5 5 5 5 -0.30%

219 227 234 242 250 4.00%

15 15 15 15 15 1.40%

148 149 150 151 152 5.70%

1 1 1 1 1 -1.80%

473 488 503 518 533 4.60%

345 357 368 380 392 4.20%

128 131 135 138 142 6.00%

2150 2166 2182 2200 2218 0.90%

45 45 45 45 46 0.50%

1186 1211 1239 1263 1288 1.30%

877 877 876 875 874 0.30%
707 712 715 720 724 2.10%

16 16 16 16 16 -0.30%

4981 5028 5073 5120 5167 1.00%

4602 4638 4671 4707 4742 0.80%

13 16 14 15 14 -3.40%

1554 1572 1583 1598 1613 0.70%

1786 1811 1836 1861 1886 1.40%

992 984 977 970 962 0.30%

18 19 20 21 22 4.60%

4350 4387 4417 4451 4483 0.90%

379 390 402 413 425 3.60%

4729 4777 4818 4864 4908 1.00% 0.008102

10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.8 -0.20%

9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 -0.30%

6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 -0.20%

10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4

9 9 9.1 9.1 9.2 -0.20%

15.7 16.1 16.4 16.8 17.2 1.60%

13.4 13.7 14 14.3 14.7 1.50%

9.2 9.4 9.7 9.9 10.2

15.7 16.1 16.6 17.1 17.6

13.3 13.6 13.9 14.3 14.7 1.60%

5.8 5.9 5.9 6 6 0.00%

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.50%

2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 -1.00%

8.6 8.8 9.1 9.3 9.6 1.80%

1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.30%

3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 0.80%

3.95 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.93 -1.40%

2.01 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.03 0.10%

28.66 28.56 29.13 28.76 29.32 -1.30%


 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.2


 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 13.0 13.1


 13.2 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 14.0 14.1


 14.2 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.1 15.2


 15.3 15.4 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 16.1 16.2 16.3


 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.9 17.0 17.1
2008 dollars

AEO 2010 Motor Gasoline (All Sectors) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

 End-User Price 2.891322 3.240461 2.328141 2.493711 2.526383

 Federal Taxes 0.186422 0.181312 0.177869 0.174907 0.172177

 State Taxes 1/ 0.253149 0.241526 0.231275 0.233288 0.233806

 Distribution Costs 0.155118 0.191016 0.190233 0.154429 0.15539

 Wholesale Price 2.229512 2.631452 1.684303 1.930656 1.964918

1.009

AEO 2010 2009 Dollars 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

AEO 2010 Motor Gasoline (All Sectors) $ 2.92 $ 3.27 $ 2.35 $ 2.52 $ 2.55

 End-User Price $ 0.19 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.17

 Federal Taxes $ 0.26 $ 0.24 $ 0.23 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

 State Taxes 1/ $ 0.16 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

 Distribution Costs $ 2.25 $ 2.66 $ 1.70 $ 1.95 $ 1.98

AEO 2011 early Motor Gasoline (All Sectors) 2008 2009 2010 2011

 End-User Price $ 3.31 $ 2.34 $ 2.68 $ 2.80

 Federal Taxes $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

 State Taxes 1/ $ 0.25 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee $ - $ - $ - $ -

 Distribution Costs $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.15 $ 0.16

 Wholesale Price $ 2.63 $ 1.79 $ 2.14 $ 2.26

AEO 2011 early Diesel (Transportation Sector) 2008 2009 2010 2011

 End-User Price 3.836915 2.441308 2.889235 3.027716

 Federal Taxes 0.243594 0.241327 0.239063 0.235812

 State Taxes 0.219705 0.220792 0.220638 0.220412

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0.176461 0.176461 0.176338 0.176958

 Wholesale Price 3.069797 1.670938 2.134933 2.257807

AEO 2011 final Motor Gasoline (All Sectors) 2008 2009 2010 2011

 End-User Price $ 3.31 $ 2.34 $ 2.68 $ 2.80

 Federal Taxes $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

 State Taxes 1/ $ 0.25 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee $ - $ - $ - $ -

 Distribution Costs $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.15 $ 0.15

 Wholesale Price $ 2.63 $ 1.79 $ 2.14 $ 2.26

AEO 2011 final Diesel (Transportation Sector) 2008 2009 2010 2011

 End-User Price 3.84 2.44 2.89 3.03

 Federal Taxes 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

 State Taxes 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

 Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0 0 0 0

 Distribution Costs 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

 Wholesale Price 3.07 1.67 2.13 2.26
$ 3.25 $ 1.85 $ 2.31 $ 2.43
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.665379 2.905348 3.017422 3.068837 3.137956 3.202102 3.253321 3.290919 3.33778

0.169742 0.166802 0.163973 0.161231 0.158399 0.155522 0.152692 0.149918 0.147019

0.235224 0.237573 0.238476 0.238982 0.239659 0.24016 0.240577 0.240894 0.241235

0.156476 0.157386 0.157973 0.158474 0.159151 0.159602 0.160054 0.160431 0.160727

2.103725 2.343587 2.457095 2.510081 2.580892 2.650668 2.700065 2.739479 2.788718

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

$ 2.69 $ 2.93 $ 3.04 $ 3.10 $ 3.17 $ 3.23 $ 3.28 $ 3.32 $ 3.37

$ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.15

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.12 $ 2.36 $ 2.48 $ 2.53 $ 2.60 $ 2.67 $ 2.72 $ 2.76 $ 2.81

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

$ 2.82 $ 2.97 $ 3.06 $ 3.14 $ 3.18 $ 3.25 $ 3.29 $ 3.34 $ 3.38

$ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.15

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.25 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $ 2.58 $ 2.62 $ 2.69 $ 2.73 $ 2.79 $ 2.84

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.916915 2.916915 2.977388 2.977388 3.033395 3.033395 3.091271 3.091271 3.206195 3.206195 3.288976 3.288976 3.378806 3.378806 3.461342 3.461342 3.52566 3.52566

0.233187 0.229339 0.225182 0.220723 0.216352 0.211965 0.207581 0.203408 0.19931

0.220301 0.220222 0.220164 0.220114 0.220039 0.219962 0.219878 0.21979 0.219706

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.176075 0.176454 0.176745 0.177092 0.177743 0.17817 0.17865 0.179097 0.179441

2.287352 2.351374 2.411304 2.473343 2.592062 2.678878 2.772698 2.859047 2.927202

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

$ 2.82 $ 2.97 $ 3.05 $ 3.13 $ 3.18 $ 3.25 $ 3.30 $ 3.34 $ 3.38

$ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.15

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.25 $ 2.41 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 $ 2.62 $ 2.70 $ 2.75 $ 2.79 $ 2.83

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.92 2.97 3.02 3.08 3.19 3.29 3.38 3.47 3.52

0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.2 0.2

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

2.29 2.34 2.4 2.47 2.58 2.68 2.77 2.86 2.92

$3.80 

$4.00 

Liquid Fuel Prices
$ 2.46 $ 2.53 $ 2.59 $ 2.65 $ 2.77 $ 2.86 $ 2.95 $ 3.04 $ 3.11

$2.00 

$2.20 

$2.40 

$2.60 

$2.80 

$3.00 

$3.20 

$3.40 

$3.60 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

$/gallon end user

CY
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

3.365534 3.408742 3.437603 3.452849 3.492516 3.53103 3.565471 3.617176 3.661926

0.14397 0.140879 0.137903 0.135094 0.132392 0.129694 0.127018 0.124323 0.121672

0.241473 0.241626 0.241716 0.241842 0.242136 0.242379 0.242591 0.242942 0.24317

0.160904 0.161117 0.161241 0.16125 0.161399 0.16156 0.161746 0.161911 0.162024

2.819004 2.865311 2.89637 2.914743 2.956651 2.997488 3.034375 3.08786 3.133207

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

$ 3.40 $ 3.44 $ 3.47 $ 3.48 $ 3.52 $ 3.56 $ 3.60 $ 3.65 $ 3.69

$ 0.15 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.12

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.84 $ 2.89 $ 2.92 $ 2.94 $ 2.98 $ 3.02 $ 3.06 $ 3.12 $ 3.16

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

$ 3.38 $ 3.43 $ 3.46 $ 3.51 $ 3.55 $ 3.58 $ 3.62 $ 3.62 $ 3.68

$ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.12

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.84 $ 2.89 $ 2.92 $ 2.97 $ 3.02 $ 3.05 $ 3.09 $ 3.09 $ 3.15

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

3.531529 3.531529 3.585761 3.585761 3.639108 3.639108 3.689965 3.689965 3.736369 3.736369 3.763388 3.763388 3.808425 3.808425 3.80851 3.80851 3.865491 3.865491

0.195563 0.192064 0.188659 0.185302 0.182004 0.178751 0.175443 0.172232 0.169019

0.219642 0.219582 0.219513 0.219455 0.219394 0.219333 0.219283 0.219224 0.219165

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.179382 0.179624 0.179881 0.180141 0.180376 0.180509 0.180897 0.180615 0.180897

2.936942 2.994491 3.051055 3.105067 3.154595 3.184795 3.232803 3.236439 3.29641

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

$ 3.39 $ 3.45 $ 3.47 $ 3.52 $ 3.54 $ 3.56 $ 3.62 $ 3.63 $ 3.68

$ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 2.84 $ 2.91 $ 2.93 $ 2.98 $ 3.00 $ 3.03 $ 3.08 $ 3.10 $ 3.15

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

3.54 3.61 3.63 3.71 3.73 3.75 3.8 3.82 3.87

0.2 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

2.94 3.02 3.04 3.12 3.14 3.17 3.23 3.25 3.3

$5.00

$6.00

Gas - AEO 2011 Early+ Extrapolation
$ 3.12 $ 3.17 $ 3.23 $ 3.29 $ 3.33 $ 3.37 $ 3.41 $ 3.42 $ 3.48

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

2010 2015 2020

Gas - FRM fuel Prices (adj $)

Diesel - AEO 2011 + Extrapolation

AEO 2010 Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

AEO 2011 final Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

AEO 2011 early Motor Gasoline (All Sectors)

AEO 2011 early Diesel (Transportation 

Sector)

AEO 2011 final Diesel (Transportation 

Sector)
1.010624

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035

3.679716 3.721778 3.769583 3.803203 3.848596 3.910868

0.119042 0.116449 0.113897 0.111498 0.10917 0.106913

0.243347 0.243639 0.244034 0.244358 0.244858 0.245297

0.162161 0.162425 0.162621 0.162786 0.163058 0.163452

3.155457 3.199154 3.24911 3.284373 3.330502 3.39519

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

$ 3.71 $ 3.76 $ 3.80 $ 3.84 $ 3.88 $ 3.95 $ 3.99 $ 4.03 $ 4.07

$ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11

$ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.18 $ 3.23 $ 3.28 $ 3.31 $ 3.36 $ 3.43

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

$ 3.64 $ 3.65 $ 3.65 $ 3.66 $ 3.67 $ 3.69 $ 3.72 $ 3.75 $ 3.78

$ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.12 $ 3.12 $ 3.13 $ 3.14 $ 3.16 $ 3.18 $ 3.21 $ 3.24 $ 3.27

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

3.834072 3.834072 3.85068 3.85068 3.852954 3.852954 3.860281 3.860281 3.873455 3.873455 3.893502 3.893502 $ 3.93 $ 3.98 $ 4.02

0.165989 0.162953 0.159849 0.156758 0.153727 0.150759 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.14

0.219107 0.21906 0.219017 0.218975 0.218934 0.218895 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

0 0 0 0 0 0 $ - $ - $ -

0.180676 0.180682 0.180662 0.180686 0.180731 0.180878 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

3.2683 3.287984 3.293426991 3.303862 3.320062 3.34297 $ 3.39 $ 3.43 $ 3.48

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

$ 3.64 $ 3.64 $ 3.65 $ 3.66 $ 3.69 $ 3.71 $ 3.73 $ 3.76 $ 3.79

$ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.10

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.12 $ 3.12 $ 3.13 $ 3.14 $ 3.17 $ 3.19 $ 3.22 $ 3.25 $ 3.28

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

3.83 3.84 3.85 3.85 3.87 3.89 $ 3.93 $ 3.97 $ 4.01

0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 0.14

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

0 0 0 0 0 0 $ - $ - $ -

0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

3.27 3.28 3.29 3.29 3.32 3.34 $ 3.38 $ 3.43 $ 3.47

End Use Gasoline Prices (2009$)

AEO 2011 Early+ Extrapolation
$ 3.45 $ 3.47 $ 3.47 $ 3.48 $ 3.50 $ 3.52 $ 3.57 $ 3.61 $ 3.66

2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060

FRM fuel Prices (adj $)

AEO 2011 + Extrapolation

Last year of AEO projection
2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

$ 4.12 $ 4.16 $ 4.20 $ 4.25 $ 4.29 $ 4.34 $ 4.39 $ 4.43 $ 4.48

2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

$ 3.81 $ 3.84 $ 3.87 $ 3.90 $ 3.93 $ 3.96 $ 4.00 $ 4.03 $ 4.06

$ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.09 $ 0.09

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.30 $ 3.33 $ 3.37 $ 3.40 $ 3.43 $ 3.46 $ 3.50 $ 3.53 $ 3.56

2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

$ 4.06 $ 4.11 $ 4.15 $ 4.20 $ 4.24 $ 4.29 $ 4.34 $ 4.38 $ 4.43

$ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 3.52 $ 3.57 $ 3.61 $ 3.66 $ 3.71 $ 3.76 $ 3.81 $ 3.86 $ 3.91

2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

$ 3.82 $ 3.85 $ 3.88 $ 3.91 $ 3.94 $ 3.97 $ 4.00 $ 4.03 $ 4.07

$ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.31 $ 3.35 $ 3.38 $ 3.41 $ 3.44 $ 3.47 $ 3.51 $ 3.54 $ 3.58

2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

$ 4.06 $ 4.10 $ 4.15 $ 4.19 $ 4.24 $ 4.28 $ 4.33 $ 4.38 $ 4.42

$ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.13

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 3.52 $ 3.56 $ 3.61 $ 3.66 $ 3.70 $ 3.75 $ 3.80 $ 3.85 $ 3.90
$ 3.70 $ 3.75 $ 3.80 $ 3.84 $ 3.89 $ 3.94 $ 3.99 $ 4.04 $ 4.09
2048 2049 2050

$ 4.53 $ 4.58 4.623929

2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056

$ 4.09 $ 4.13 $ 4.16 $ 4.19 $ 4.23 $ 4.26 $ 4.30 $ 4.33 $ 4.37

$ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.60 $ 3.63 $ 3.67 $ 3.70 $ 3.74 $ 3.77 $ 3.81 $ 3.84 $ 3.88

2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056

$ 4.48 $ 4.53 $ 4.58 $ 4.63 $ 4.68 $ 4.74 $ 4.79 $ 4.84 $ 4.90

$ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 3.96 $ 4.01 $ 4.06 $ 4.11 $ 4.17 $ 4.22 $ 4.28 $ 4.33 $ 4.39

2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056

$ 4.10 $ 4.13 $ 4.16 $ 4.20 $ 4.23 $ 4.27 $ 4.30 $ 4.34 $ 4.37

$ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.61 $ 3.64 $ 3.68 $ 3.71 $ 3.75 $ 3.79 $ 3.82 $ 3.86 $ 3.89

2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056

$ 4.47 $ 4.52 $ 4.57 $ 4.62 $ 4.67 $ 4.73 $ 4.78 $ 4.83 $ 4.89

$ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.11

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 3.95 $ 4.00 $ 4.05 $ 4.10 $ 4.16 $ 4.21 $ 4.27 $ 4.32 $ 4.38
$ 4.14 $ 4.19 $ 4.24 $ 4.30 $ 4.35 $ 4.41 $ 4.46 $ 4.52 $ 4.57
2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

$ 4.40 $ 4.44 $ 4.48 $ 4.51 $ 4.55 $ 4.59 $ 4.63 $ 4.67 $ 4.71

$ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07

$ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.92 $ 3.95 $ 3.99 $ 4.03 $ 4.07 $ 4.11 $ 4.15 $ 4.19 $ 4.23

2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

$ 4.96 $ 5.01 $ 5.07 $ 5.13 $ 5.19 $ 5.25 $ 5.31 $ 5.37 $ 5.43

$ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.19 $ 0.19

$ 4.45 $ 4.50 $ 4.56 $ 4.62 $ 4.68 $ 4.74 $ 4.81 $ 4.87 $ 4.93

2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

$ 4.41 $ 4.44 $ 4.48 $ 4.52 $ 4.56 $ 4.59 $ 4.63 $ 4.67 $ 4.71

$ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 3.93 $ 3.97 $ 4.01 $ 4.05 $ 4.08 $ 4.12 $ 4.16 $ 4.20 $ 4.24

2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

$ 4.94 $ 5.00 $ 5.05 $ 5.11 $ 5.17 $ 5.23 $ 5.29 $ 5.35 $ 5.41

$ 0.11 $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.10

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 4.43 $ 4.49 $ 4.55 $ 4.61 $ 4.67 $ 4.73 $ 4.79 $ 4.85 $ 4.92
$ 4.63 $ 4.69 $ 4.75 $ 4.81 $ 4.87 $ 4.93 $ 4.99 $ 5.05 $ 5.12
2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

$ 4.75 $ 4.79 $ 4.83 $ 4.87 $ 4.91 $ 4.95 $ 4.99 $ 5.03 $ 5.08

$ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06

$ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 4.27 $ 4.31 $ 4.35 $ 4.39 $ 4.43 $ 4.47 $ 4.52 $ 4.56 $ 4.60

2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

$ 5.49 $ 5.56 $ 5.62 $ 5.69 $ 5.75 $ 5.82 $ 5.89 $ 5.96 $ 6.03

$ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.08 $ 0.08

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19

$ 5.00 $ 5.06 $ 5.13 $ 5.19 $ 5.26 $ 5.33 $ 5.40 $ 5.47 $ 5.54

2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

$ 4.75 $ 4.79 $ 4.83 $ 4.87 $ 4.91 $ 4.95 $ 4.99 $ 5.04 $ 5.08

$ 0.07 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 4.28 $ 4.32 $ 4.37 $ 4.41 $ 4.45 $ 4.49 $ 4.53 $ 4.58 $ 4.62

2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

$ 5.47 $ 5.54 $ 5.60 $ 5.66 $ 5.73 $ 5.80 $ 5.86 $ 5.93 $ 6.00

$ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 0.08 $ 0.08

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 4.98 $ 5.04 $ 5.11 $ 5.17 $ 5.24 $ 5.31 $ 5.38 $ 5.45 $ 5.52
$ 5.18 $ 5.25 $ 5.31 $ 5.38 $ 5.45 $ 5.52 $ 5.59 $ 5.66 $ 5.73
2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083

$ 5.12 $ 5.16 $ 5.21 $ 5.25 $ 5.30 $ 5.34 $ 5.39 $ 5.43 $ 5.48

$ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05

$ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17

$ 4.65 $ 4.69 $ 4.74 $ 4.78 $ 4.83 $ 4.87 $ 4.92 $ 4.97 $ 5.02

2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083

$ 6.10 $ 6.17 $ 6.24 $ 6.32 $ 6.39 $ 6.47 $ 6.55 $ 6.63 $ 6.70

$ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19

$ 5.61 $ 5.69 $ 5.76 $ 5.84 $ 5.91 $ 5.99 $ 6.07 $ 6.15 $ 6.23

2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083

$ 5.12 $ 5.17 $ 5.21 $ 5.25 $ 5.30 $ 5.35 $ 5.39 $ 5.44 $ 5.48

$ 0.06 $ 0.06 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16

$ 4.67 $ 4.71 $ 4.76 $ 4.80 $ 4.85 $ 4.89 $ 4.94 $ 4.99 $ 5.03

2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083

$ 6.07 $ 6.14 $ 6.22 $ 6.29 $ 6.36 $ 6.44 $ 6.51 $ 6.59 $ 6.67

$ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18

$ 5.59 $ 5.66 $ 5.74 $ 5.81 $ 5.89 $ 5.96 $ 6.04 $ 6.12 $ 6.20
$ 5.80 $ 5.87 $ 5.95 $ 6.02 $ 6.10 $ 6.18 $ 6.26 $ 6.34 $ 6.42
2084 2085 2086 Annual Percent Increase (2010-2035)

$ 5.53 $ 5.58 $ 5.63 End-User Price 0.7%

$ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 Federal Taxes -1.5%

$ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 State Taxes 1/ 0.0%

$ - $ - $ - Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.0%

$ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 Distribution Costs 0.1%

$ 5.06 $ 5.11 $ 5.16 Wholesale Price1.0%

2084 2085 2086 Annual Percent Increase (2010-2035)

$ 6.78 $ 6.87 $ 6.95 End-User Price End-User Price 1.0%

$ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 Federal Taxes -1.5%

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 State Taxes 0.0%

$ - $ - $ - Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.0%

$ 0.19 $ 0.19 $ 0.19 Distribution Costs 0.1%

$ 6.31 $ 6.39 $ 6.48 Wholesale Price1.3%

2084 2085 2086 Annual Percent Increase (2010-2035)

$ 5.53 $ 5.58 $ 5.63 End-User Price 0.7%

$ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 Federal Taxes -1.6%

$ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 State Taxes 1/ 0.0%

$ - $ - $ - Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.0%

$ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 Distribution Costs 0.0%

$ 5.08 $ 5.13 $ 5.18 Wholesale Price1.0%

2084 2085 2086 Annual Percent Increase (2010-2035)

$ 6.75 $ 6.83 $ 6.91 End-User Price 1.0%

$ 0.07 $ 0.07 $ 0.07 Federal Taxes -1.5%

$ 0.22 $ 0.22 $ 0.22 State Taxes 0.0%

$ - $ - $ - Energy Tax/Allowance Fee 0.0%

$ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 Distribution Costs 0.0%

$ 6.28 $ 6.36 $ 6.44 Wholesale Price1.3%
$ 6.50 $ 6.58 $ 6.66
2008 2009 2010 2011

AEO 2011 Early 0.118368 0.119195 0.103429 0.105948

AEO 2011 Final 0.118 0.119 0.103 0.105
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

0.105947 0.105302 0.104501 0.103338 0.101353 0.098986 0.097179 0.096212 0.09536

0.104 0.103 0.101 0.1 0.098 0.096 0.095 0.095 0.096

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

Cents/K

Wh

Electricity in AEO 2011

AEO 2011 Early

AEO 2011 Final

0

0.02

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

CY
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

0.095273 0.095638 0.096228 0.096792 0.097799 0.098745 0.099432 0.100411 0.10141

0.096 0.097 0.098 0.099 0.101 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.105

2035 2040
2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038

0.102232 0.103258 0.104336 0.105391 0.106827 0.107749 0.108279 0.108811 0.109347

0.105 0.106 0.107 0.108 0.109 0.11 0.110891 0.11179 0.112695
2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047

0.109884 0.110425 0.110968 0.111514 0.112062 0.112613 0.113167 0.113724 0.114283

0.113608 0.114529 0.115457 0.116392 0.117335 0.118286 0.119244 0.12021 0.121184
2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056

0.114845 0.11541 0.115977 0.116548 0.117121 0.117697 0.118276 0.118858 0.119442

0.122166 0.123156 0.124153 0.125159 0.126173 0.127196 0.128226 0.129265 0.130312
2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

0.120029 0.12062 0.121213 0.121809 0.122408 0.12301 0.123615 0.124223 0.124834

0.131368 0.132432 0.133505 0.134587 0.135677 0.136777 0.137885 0.139002 0.140128
2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

0.125448 0.126065 0.126685 0.127308 0.127934 0.128563 0.129196 0.129831 0.13047

0.141263 0.142408 0.143562 0.144725 0.145897 0.147079 0.148271 0.149472 0.150683
2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083

0.131111 0.131756 0.132404 0.133055 0.13371 0.134367 0.135028 0.135692 0.136359

0.151904 0.153135 0.154375 0.155626 0.156887 0.158158 0.159439 0.160731 0.162033
2084 2085 2086

0.13703 0.137704 0.138381

0.163346 0.16467 0.166004