Business Library 

CLASS ______ _ 

BOOK __________ __ 


OFFICE OF NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

DIVISION OF REVIEW 

ADM!NIS'l'RA'l'!V~ AND LEGAL ASP~CTS OF' 

STAYS 

EXEMPTIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 

CODE AMENDMENTS 

CONDITIONAL ORDERS OF APPROVAL 

By 

Ely C. Hutchinson 

D. L. Boland 

W. M. Chubb 

WORK MATERIALS NO. 74 

NRA ORGAN!ZAT!ON STVOIES S~CtiON 

MARCH, 1936 
• . . 

o" I I ...... 
9844 

OJ?Fiw; OF lr.&:::ION.AL 2:illC OVEXf .A.Dl.ii NI smn.ATION 

TIIVISION OF lGVIEW 

ADMINI ST.a.A.TIVE AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF 

STAYS 

EX2i.APTI ONS Aiill K~CEPTI ONS 

CODE Ai.iEUDi.I:;NTS 

CONDI TIGrJAL O:illE£LS OF APP3.0V.AL 

By 

Ely c . Hut chinson 

D. 1 . Bo l c;!lcl 

W. ~.i . Chubb 

NRA ORGANIZATION STUviES SECTION 

riARCH , 1936 
G ZI ES OU D 

By W. P. A. 

0 194 

... 
This study is in pffPc t a series of li~in '1 ry reports on 

Exemptions and Excepti on s, St:3ys, ~nd Amendments b,r Mr. D. 1. --BolAnd 

and on Conditional Orders of ApnrovAl by Er. W. M. Chubb. An Additional 

section, Part ONE, on Admi n istrF.lt i on , by Mr. Ely C. Hutchinson has been 

added. The r eport wa s prepared by t he NR.A OrganizAtion Studios Section, 

Mr. William ? . BArdsley in charge. 

All of the devices here ext"mined, i.e., "Stays It, 1r:Exemp tions 11 , 

11.Amendments" and 11 Condi tional Orders of Anp roval 1', we re i17 idely used by 

the NationAl Re covery Administration in meeting and atten ting to solve 

nroblems arising either during negotia t ions on ~r os ed codes or under 

codes after their approvAl. The r eport deals '7i th the legal and substAntive aspe cts of the subjects, but because of limitations of time and 

'9ersonnel some administl'ativa a spects of the su.bjects Are not covered. 

Appendix No . I, in eC~ch of Parts T·ivG to FIVE inclusive, points cut F.lreas 

for further study. Appendix l'~ o. II, in each of PF.lrts TWO to FIVE inelusive, g ives a comnrehensive outline for further study of its p Articular subject . 

At the back of this report will be found a brief statement of the 

studies undertaken by the Division of ~eview . 

. I 

March 24, 1936 

9844 

1 . C. MArshnll 

Director, Division of Review 

-i-
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SUJ.:i.LARY • • • • • • • • • • . . 

ADl. ii:~ I ~RA~IO~J 

::'lo · c:.c::rt - Stays. 

FloY: CL0rt - E~:e1. --)ti 011s 

~'lor Chn:rt - k ten :'J :e_: ts • 

A6J .t inistr ~ ti v . An Je cts . . Recc>_;i tu.le ti on . . . . . . . . . 

PaC'"e 

1 

6 

r · 

( 

8 

9 

12 

1L!: 

Cone::. tio:~, c-1 Or oers af ~ -~ . FFvo:.·able i:,<ctors. • 14 

o: r~::. ti onr 1 Or( e:..·~, of J.. l._; :rovr 1 , F:dcv o rc- bl e ?Lcto rs. 15 

. . . . . . . . 

P JL'1f II 

I nt roc:ucti 011 

h~~ter I - ~ases of Po~er 

Chap ter III - Defin ition of the t e r::-1 11 Sta_y 11 

Chapter I v - ; :c- thods of rci se of St c: ~TS 

Chapter V - C,:> ~_,_ se s of the ~:xe rci se of Pm"er t o St8y -

'Iyp es of Coci.E: P r o visi on s Affe cte d 

Tynes of Cocle Provisi ons Suoject ed t a Stc~;) s 

Labor Provisi ons 

CoC.e Aut:-tori ty Provisioi1S 

Tr a~e Pra ctice Provisi ons 

Time of I ssuanc e of Stay 

Retroa ctive St~y s 

ConC!.i ti onc-,1 St ays 

Den iaJ. of Stays 

Period of Stay 

ha~)ter VI - bva1 u a ti ons 211C:. Conch,_::;i or.s 

9844 - ii18 

21 

22 

25 

26 

23 

28 

33 

33 

t~ 

35 

39 

42 

-1:2 

Ll_'7 

• ..:> 

TJlRLE OJ? CONTT.;NT S (Cont ' d) 

P Al:ZT III 

Int oc~t-... cti m 68 

Chapter I 

Bases of Fov1er 71 

Chapter I I 

De1ec;etion of Povre r to Gran t o r Deny Lxcmpti ons Md 

:I;xce .;ti or- s 

Pr esh~_ent 1 s Reem:~)1oyLlent A:;reer e:t1 t 

Coc'-es w1c~er Secti on 3( a) 

Joint AAA a."lc-:. :r:RA Coc:..e s 

reC~ ti on of ·r<"' tionF.l InC:..ustria1 i~eco ' Board 

:Celec;?.ti on of Powe r to IJesser Offici .:.us 

Territorial Ac.G-n ini stra.t o rs 

Li sc e llcu.1eous Del ecati ons 

Regi onal Offices 

Coc~e Authorities 

32 

83 

83 

84 

85 

85 

85 

86 

87 

87 

Chapt er IV 

.An a l ysi s of A!Jplice;.tions fo r Eilc:_ OrC:.ers of ~xer:tlJtion s 

ancl B:;:ce_)t i ons - C.:-.l1.se s - Type"' - CC' C..e Provisi on s .Affe ct e d 88 

Laoo r Provisions 88 

Wage Differen ti a ls 90 

Chi 10. La bor - .A]JlJTen ti c es 90 

Tr r~e Pra ctice Pro visi ons 91 

Geoc;r?. ~d.l ic l OriGin of A-::plicc:ti on s 92 

P e ri od of :~em) ti on 93 

Retroe.ctive Exem )ti ns 91,., 

n~iti onal zeu) ti ns 9 5 

98<.4 - i j_ i~ 

TABLE OF CON~NT~ (Cont ' d) 

ChB )t er IV (Con t.Lr ~·c.) 

Coc'e .AcLoivit,_r c:\s to :...::cu -vio>1S 

Generc-1 :L:·e c t.t ive r~ G. ACnL.i~~t:c : tivl :E;~e ~ Jtions 

:;.:;:el.l >ti on - By Co(e P r ovision 

Cho.ptcr V 

I:va 1ua ti on s ant' Conclusions 

PART IV 

In tro c·_uction 

Chapter I - Jases of :::'1\"l e r 

Lin:l tr tio s U)on Po ·rcr of Ar.1cmcJnen t 

Chapter II - Definition ani:.'. Sco~)e nf tbe Tt~, 1:1 .AlllenC_rnen t 

C:1e..:pter III - Je1e:-:El.ti o::l ~ Porter t o .A~ J >ro v e or 

Ji sa:;,1 ,rove A .. v=•n "'J'Jel1 ts 

Presi c'.en t 1 s ~ce.J_> o~-r::en t Ac:ree1:1er .. t 

Codes ~n&e r Se ction 3(a) 

J oint _M.A-rRA oc~e s 

Creati on of lTa ti onal Inc"..ustrial ne cov e r y :Ooe.rd 

Tiel e5atiou of PoTier to Lesser Offici e l s 

Terri torio.l Admini str:-.tors 

rtegionel Offices 

LL:1i t a tion u~on bxerci se of Power to Ar.1en 

Chapter IV - ~IethoC .. s 0f :Lxercise of Po ·re r of .Ameuct21ient 

Chapter V - Analysis of Amenduents of Co{.es - T~~.l es 

of o~e Provisions Aifected 

97 

98 

100 

101 

102 

116 

11 7 

123 

:: 1 25 

128 

128 

130 

130 

131 

131 

131 

132 

132 

133 

135 

.Amenw:nents .Afi'ectin[; .ApplicRtion o:C t~1e Cocce 135 

Labor Provisi ons 137 

Hour ancl. lage Provisions 133 

Cocle Authority 144 

~raQe PrGctice P r ovisions 1~6 

Li scelleneou::; Code Provisions 147 

Chapter VI - Eva.luations ancL Conclu sions l t19 

Appe~1 c'. ix Ho . l. - h'.rther :S.esearch - Unfinished Phases of 

the Study 152 

~!~JenC:. x . 2. - Out lL1e 15t1 

984-1 -iv-

In trocucti ., n 

Chapter I -

. . . . . . . 

~rcrt 1C,.'€:i: n of .~ 1 , .. :ov ::l o::L' co t es , -:~ ne1: s 

anJ. [, ten ct J!C'llts \ 'Ul'e ;. i" :Lcc' b .. ~. G Act ? ••• 

Cha,)ter I I - \'!hot C.e l e ··a t"L ons i LJo'.:er of c>.).._J l'OV<> l yre r e 

1:1a de and \'Fhat p nwers ret ::-_ :i.i.c c...? • • • • . . 

Cha.:)t er I I I- "H-:.at c.i r c-,J:1 s trnc e s c.;.t tcnC .. eC:. t lw ecrlie st u s e s 

uf u~e C.evic e of CO" lc\.i tim1al n.p __ n ·ov a l uf : 

(b) A _ _;r eene11ts. 

(c ) 

I - ) \. ( ·. 

An8n<'.uents. 

Ot her mi no r e(!.mini str r ti v e c c tion s. 

Chap t e r IV - \Jl:.a t .tt eL111 ts Y: er e r1c;.de t o o1Jt cin assen t of 1Jr o1 61 

1 67 

1 69 

173 

174 

17-1 

IJ0:1er-,ts t o conc'..!.tio:i&.l nn·e r s of a:Jp r oval? .. 176 

Che.pt e r V -

i n o rc::_c r s o f a p .:_) r r; v c-.1 ? • • • • • • . . . 177 

Chc:pt e r VI - 'iiha t n e c e s siti es ol aC~ drJ.i rc: io il \':e r e s e r ved 

lly concl i ti on nl orders r;f cp ·Jr ov c.1? • • • • • 178 

Ch2pter VI I- \"ihat evic'.enc e of c or.t_)li '"':·!c e o r i.l0n- c o,:1p lience 

nit~:. nc i ti cns of c>pp rnval .s.r e t o be foun C::.? 

'CJho.t '!aS t he lec;r.· l effe ct of 11011.- CiiL)l i c:ClCe ? • • 179 

Ch ap t e r VI II-CmJ.l C. tl1e c".esi r e c"':. c onc-:.i ti o::1s llc v e oeen ~1 jo

a .. t e c: i11 t :1e cn ie s t:1er.1s ·~le s ~ .. ·i t lLo-... "'_ t L:n du e 

. . 

Chapt e r I X - :2 r nr.1 an evc.luat ioll of t J-:.e e:::_J E- ri ~11 e r el a t ed 

abov e \"!hat 11st1~J. ve s1' gz esti oi1 S co.n oe aaC:..e 

t o O'.i de n e''i l e._;islo.ti on r· l1C . Jr ope :::.· p l ans f er 

aC::mil1i s t r a t i o11 t ol}_ cLi nc:; U_L; nn the u se f c on U -

180 

t i onal orclers of a _l.:.Jr ove l'! • • • • • • • • • • • 181 

AppenD.i c es 182 

984 4 

:i.!o. 1. 1Inexpl ore c1 Sour c e s o f ;:~ e::ti c:: .ls fo T :E\.ut:1er St ndy l J3 

No. 2. Ou tline 184 

l'o . 3. :U et.::'.i l s of <.~, ri 01.'. s pes of co nl-.i t ion s 

in on "ce :rs of ClY Jl'O VC·l, c o rE; ri::.r; e ll 

be: si c c oC.es o: .Fr ir co,:oe ti ti on. 

-v190 
·. 
-1-

This work is compo s ed of five 11Pa rts 11 and is an assembly of socalled 11 preliminar r dra fts II of reports prepa red by staff members of the 

Administra tive .Problems P..eview Unit of the ~RA Organization Studies 

Section, Division of viewe 

The rep orts treat "AdministrL>.tive Aspccts 11 , 11 Stays 11 , 11 Exemptions 11 , 

11 .k.:.e n~1.T.e -t.s . · and IIConditiona l Orders of Approva l". With the exception 

of 11P.art One 11 , each 11Part 11 conta ins ru1 app endi:;, thus eliminating a 

g eneral appendix. 

PART 0 iE 

A.Divli,NISTRATIVE_ .i\_SPECTS. Part One s e ts forth the high spots of the 

procedure w!1ich used t h e powers of stay, · exemption, and code amendment. 

Since conc.i tionn.l orde rs of ap:)roval we:ce in themselves a means, incident to code C).pp rovul, of staying or ru:nending certain code provisions 

or of creating exemption s t hereunder, t h ey also are discussed. 

tiFlow diagrams rr showing the y roe;ressive st e-ps followed by the 

organization in e.ach ·type of action are snovvn and descri-bed. Actual 

records of elapsed tin es for putting cases through .the p rocedure are 

&iven . 

A recapitulation pres~?nt s the factors as to conditiona l orders · af 

approval favor able and. unfavornble to a.dr:linistr-ation and procedure, 

points to the influence of nllinerous opposed forces·, all of which· were 

present in the administra ti-ve problems of the -RA at one time or another, 

and records certain other of t h e autl10r t s opinions. 

PART TWO 

-STAYS. ~1e stay as an instrmnentality for the administr ation of 

the Nation·al .In"dustri a l Recovery Act played an important part wherever 

it was put into effect. It was used both as a permanent and a temporary means of meeting., reconciling and at times mandatorily settling 

the myriad, newly- experiencecJ... }')roblems th'='t deve l oped with the experience of a dministering tl1e Act. 

It was one of several instrw::1entalities used in the same general 

way and each of these is a separate part of this report. This part 

deals particularly with. the legal and substcntive asp ects of the 

adoption and exercise of t he power of. stay. 

Chapter I treats the bases of this power. Its delegation i _s 

outlined in Chapter II. Chapters III ru1d IV define the stay and the 

methods of its exercise. Chapter V brine s tog ether the causes for 

the use of stays and the typ es of proble1as to which they were applied, 

while Chapter VI evaluates the facts found and draws con clusions ther~ 

from,. · 

9844 
PART TEREE 

EX:Ei.iPTIO S. In Lis P. r t t' e br cmting b rR of exemptions from 

th provisions of codes is tre~ted, especially as to the legal and 

u an ive a p cts of such grt'Jlt:::; . 1m e'xplanation and analysis of 

various t os of exemptions is pr sented and the C0!1fusion in tenninology between stay and exemptions is discussed. 

hapt r I , II and II I deal with the basis of t ~ r;owe r of Exemption , d fine he scope of the terms Exemption and Exception and discuss th delegations of the pO\'Ter to grant or deny exemptions and ~xeption • Chapter I analy~ s the types of application 'for exemptions, 

the:r effects upon codes ana tle types of exemptions, such as r~tro

ac ive and onditional. Chapter V is the evaluation of the facto r s 

deve loped by t ' e study and the conclusions drawn therefrom. 

'.Ihe reader is referred to "History of General Exemptions 11 , Wo rk 

.. a er· als o. 75, for a discussidi of Executive and Administrative 

Orders pertaining to gener a l exemptions. 

PART FOUR 

Although the power to amend codes was not definitel y 

e forth in the Act, it was frequently and effectively used during 

he code period. Part IV of the study discusses the use of such power. 

Chap ers I , II and III deal with the bases in the Act for the power 

of Amendment and its delegation. Chapter IV treats of the methods 

by ~hi h the po¥er of amen~ent was exercised. Chapter V analyzes 

amendments and gives the types of code pro7isions affected by them, 

•and Chapter I sets forth the author ' s conclusions. 

P;.RT FIVE 

C 'Ihe first executive order issued 

Y the President approving a cod under the ational Industrial Reovery Act -- that for the Cotton Textile Code -- was a "Conditional 

Ora.er of Approval. 11 It contained thirteen conditions w1 ich had to be 

ati fied before complete approval ould be granted. Final approval 

7as granted subsequently by a second order. 

~ollo; i g that first order, a great many codes were approved by 

the 11 condi t.:.onal 11 method. The p' rasing generally was such as to create 

oubt a,.. to ·,7hether the codes so approved ·.1ere actually effective as 

to t ose p ro risions which the iRA fully approved, until the conditions 

in the or der had actually been met. '.!his question is one on which ther e 

.as no adj di ation . 

'Ihi,.. part of the study discusses the various aspects of conditional orders of approval and includes a list of such orders and the 

condi ions the contained. 

Chap ers I and II are on th powers of code approval as conferr ed 

by t.e Act and heir delegation. Chapter III discusses the cir cumstance ',hi h a tended the earliest uses of Conditional Orders of 

9844 
Approval. Chq,pters IV and V d0al wi tl such matters as proper representation of industry, assent of proponents and p revalent types of 

conditions. Chc:•pter I is upon the value of the Conditional Order, 

administratively. Chapter VII deals with industries' compliance with 

th conditions and the l egal effects of non-com:_)liance, while Chapter 

VIII endeavors to answer t .. 1e question whether c.odes could have been 

o written uc:- to avoid t:b.e use of conditional ap:)rovals. Chapter IX 

is an evaluation and conclusions nre drawn therefrom. 

It is questionable whether the .Act cont&~plated or permitted the 

effocti ve approval of voluntary co des when the order of approval contained conditions not specifically a ser ted to. 

If, as &ppears, codes ~pproved in this manner were really prescribed, as p rovided for in Section 3 (d) of the Act, there is reason 

to question tDe authority of the Ad~inistrator to si~ the orders of 

approval. The re' son for this is ti1at the delegation of power to the 

Administrator to approve codes specifically e:~cepted prescribed codes 

under Section 3 (d) 

In general, little or no attempt was made, as a controlled procedure, to obtain assent to the conditions contained in the orders 

of approval before the ~nounced effective dates. As a rule, compliance vith the conditions was tardy. 

9844 

- 4-

PART ONE: .ADMINISTRATION 

By 

Ely C. Hutchinson 

844 

PAUT ONE ----

ADt;~ I STI\.AT]_QN_ 

All fou r of t he title subj ects of this study were instruments 

wid.ely u sed by t he Nnt i onal Re covery AdministrAtion to meet or att empt to solve p r oblems arising in t h e ne_gotia tions over proposed. 

co des. or unde r t h e admi 1istration of apy> r ov ed co de s . The authors of 

the parts of the st'.ldy d ea ling with t h e p articular subjects have treated e pecie.lly t h eir l egal and au·bstantive n.spects. Yet, their admin--

strat ive use and the p rocedural aspects of such use are ooviously 

important rt s of t h e subjects. 

Stays, Aru en ments e.nd ~emptions Rnd Excep tions were handled 

administratively in f a irly uni:orm f Rshion by all the industry divisions of r3.A and r;enera lly in ccord r...cc wi tn t :i.1e reouiremen ts of the 

NRA Office Mcmua l (* ), Rfter it w2.s i s s1:.e c1. in Augu.st; 1934. Prior 

to tl1e issuance of :e 1u l, procec:ur e for the various aclrninistrativc functions vm.s e nt a'J lishe cl b;r off ice orders or memoranc1.a c?Jld tnis 

SC1Lle practice W8 s follo·.ved Yr:h en it o ecai!le ncces sary to P.J.odify the 

m.?nual instructions more quic}:l y than ths new nwnual sheets could be 

issued . T-nus , the manual was nev e r quite 1:.p to date but served rather 

tc recoru the chang es a lready put into eff e ct. 

Using the do.t a. obtc.ined from t h e manua l, mo dified by later memoranda &id su:ople en ted by persona l inquiry of qu < lified personnel, 

the author p rep areC.. a seri e s of "flow charts" showing the procedure 

for the different t,,r:pe s of P.ct::ons (**) . These charts are reproduced on the next three pa:-;es in illustra.tion of t he manner as of April 

10, 1935, in which StaJs , :;~ mp ti ns cmct Praendments were handled, 

accordins to the g eneral pra ctice. There were exceptions in some 

divisions, but none were serious. 

The broken lines used in the di ~g rams to denote intermediate 

movements, conferences, etc. between the numerous administrative units 

should not be thought of P.s representing ::t siwple and direct exchange . 

On the contrary, these exchang es and conference s were highly complex. 

They arose f:.rorr a continuous and frequentl.r prolong ed effort of the 

deputy adrr.inistro.:cor in charg e of an action, to contact the people he 

-------- -- --·- ·--.. ----·---- ·-----· - -- · - --- -------

(*) See NRA Office Manual - Central Record Section - NRA Files. 

(**) Report of the Committee for the Study of A~inistrative 

Procedure, May 21 , 1935. Central Record Se ction - NRA 

Files. 

9844 

STAYS 

1' .... .. . 

0 

0 

~ 

Q) 

rd 

0 

0 

\"l 

Code Auth. j 

~ 

• 1 : . ' 

PART ONE 

-&-

Int . Pty. 

2 

A II'- ' ' I I I f f 

: •. ..... ~ ... •. ~ . . ...••.. Y ..••.••.•. ~ •..•••••. .•••••••. :Y 

3 

Advison Boards I Code Asst. f·· · · · · · · · ·) Ind. Industrial 

I 4 Lab. Labor 

Con. Consumers 

L.D. Legal Division 

I Div., Adn. R&P Reseerch & Planning 

I r 

0 

i( ..................................... GdJJo Off~ }---...;:v 

Ste~s of Progre ss --·· --- ~ In Exceptional Cases 

Int<;lrn.3diate ivfoveoents, Conferences, 

etc, 

···-·············· ······ ······ After Signature 

l. Eoergency Stay nay be signcd., 11 Pro t enpore 11 by Division Adrlinistrator. 

2. Division Adninistrator ~ay call public hearine. 

3. Fisld investlgat ion by Coopliance, 

98~4 

-7- PART ONE 

EXEMPTIONS 

I\'' ' '''"'' '"' '' '"'''' ' ''''"' ''"""""''"''"''"'"'''''"''"'''"''''' ''''''''''''•••••••••••··········· ······················ , 

Cr) 

/ --- ' 

Code Autho _/' " 1 Any_____,.,~ Into Pty,l ~------------~ 

: 1£' ' '~ ri-'") 12 J2 ~--------~ I 

.................... :- 2Jepo ACJno I lin~oiiLa~.~ 0 

0 

(I) 

P=i 

(I) 

rd 

0 

0 

1\ 

-·· .............................. . 

--------·· 

Delays 

--- r--"7\- /';' I, . ' . ' . ' ' . .. -.. .. -.... :>- .... -~ ........... ' 

' 3 ' ' 

' ' 

,..... . __ '/.L_, 

Code Ass to 

" ' ' ' 6 , :,. 

I Divo Adrno 

-

Steps of Progress 

Intermediate Movemente , Conferences, 

etc .. 

4 -

5 ~---

. -... -·' ~ (!) 

·r-i 

> 

(I) 

-- p:i 

1. Communicate vn - __ , ... . ~I •• plOYTJent Service. 

2.. Field investir;a t1ons by Conplirm.ce. 

.1:" 

- .. ....:.t • . ... - .... 0 ........... ~ .. . -.... ~:/ 

Advisory Boards 

Ind. 

Lab. 

Con. 

L.D. 

R&P 

Industrial 

Labor 

- Consumers 

Legal fr.i. vision 

Research & Planning 

In Exceptional Cases 

After SiGnature 

3o Possibility of efer~ing casas to Adviscry Council. 

4o 11 11 appeal o 5~ EnwrgencJ~ e:-;:emptions may be signed "Pro t ompore 11 by; Division Administrator. 

6e Division Ad.r1inistrator nay call :public hearings. 

7 o Mn.y be rcfferrec t ,.., Adr..ini strati ve Of.fi cer in special circumstances. 

3 . Compliance Officer has authority to grant exeup tions if Division 

Adninistrator fai]s to act within 3~ hourso 
.( 

> Dep. 

I 

" 

I ..:_., I I',. 

Code 

Auth. 

<---

-a- PART ONE 

Adm. 

r. / , . 

3 9 

I ~ f : 

- . "- •••••• •• ••• ${ • • ••• - ••• •• .,-. • •••••••••• • v. .......... :vI 

Advisory Boards ,r 

Code A~s t 

4 10 

:Jiv . Ad.m. 11 

5 

Adm. O"f. 

Steps of o re 

:nter ediate o e- .. ents, Co. fe... .1C~.,;u, 

e c. 

12 

Pub. rtrg 

Ind. - Industrial 

Lab, - Labor 

Con. - Consumers 

J 

L.D. Legal Division 

R&P - Rese~ch & Planning 

7 

Post 

Hrg. 

· In Exception...- 1 C.l=l ses 

. ....tter Sign ture 

9844 
-9-

w~s supposed to, within NRA, in order to get the views of some, recorr~ 

mendutions of others and instructions of still others and to endeavor 

from c ll to effect a reconciliation between the views, often opposed, 

of me bers of the industry and NR~. 

As of April 6, 1935, there were nine applications for stays still 

in progress through NRA which were more than thirty days old and still 

incom_ LJto l. The act~.l time thus far in process for these ranged 

from 41 days to 240 days. 'l~vo cases h[-td been between 61 and 65 days 

in progr cs, . Three cases between 126 n.nd l31 days; one case between 

201 and 205 days; and one case between 233 and 240 days. Between September 1, 1934, a."ld FebruCJry l, 1935~ seventy three s-t.:ws were g ranted. 

~1e elapsed time for putting them tnrcugh liRA procedure ranged from 

1 to 20 days and 801 to 220 days. Tl ere were two cases in t:1e longer 

periocL The veighted average tir.1e wa.s 42 days. 

As ·of April G, 1935 , there were in process of NRA procedure 293 

cases of proposed amendments more t£w.n thirty days old and incompleted. 

The actual time these c ases had been in progress ranged from 31 days 

to 332 days. The cases we re well scattered between these extremes, 

with 43 cases already 150 days or more in the p rocess of completion. 

Between September 1, 1934, and February 21, 1935, t here were actually 

concluded 204 amendments to codes CJn d the time in process varied between 1-20 days and 3CY1- 320 days> tl1ere being o.ne case in the latter 

bracl-et. The weighted average of actual com-pletion tir2es was 100 days. 

As of April 6 , 1935, there were in process of NRA procedure 300 

cases of exemption more than ~hirty days old and incompleted. The 

actual time these cases pad b een in progress rang ed from 31 days to 

278 days. There were still in process 2.13 cases· between the ages of 

175 and 278 days. Between September 1, 1934, &~d February 21, 1935, 

th.ere were actually concluded 580 exe~tior:s. The time periods for 

these varie~ between br ckets of ei nt in l-20 days and one in 20 1-

220 days. The weighted averase time for cowpletion was 60 days. (*) 

A. Condi-tional Order~ _of A_pE_~oval. 

Conditional Orders of Approval of codes vvere the first evidence 

of the emergency p ressure ~ethod of codification. Each industry was 

invited to prepare its own code of fair cpmpetition. Th~se industries 

commanding the g reatest man-power wer e concentrated upon first by NRA 

in code nego tiations, since their codification sh ould g et the greatest 

number of men back t·o work. Many p rovisions included in the earlier 

codes were copied into the on e~ that followed. This was the quickest 

way to get something to{;ether and since there was no NRA model code 

with n1ficial sanction until rovember 6, 1933, (a~nost five months 

after approva.l of the Recovery Act) and but few policy announcements, 

the method was open to ~~lative error. 

(*) These figures are from the Report of the Committee for Study of 

Administration Procedure, May 21, 1935, Central Record Files 

(NRA files) 

9844 
: 

-1 -

_ t an carl,, d e doubts arose a to the truly representptive 

character of some co e sponsors. Protests and opposition to the idef.ls 

of cornmi ttees acting for tl e spo oors deveJ.9ped at the public hearings, 

sometimes after wee cs of preparatory nee;otiation between RA and the 

ommi ecs . 

. :ean1hile , t. e declared policy of .rRA was that an emergency existed and no stone should be left unturned to get industries under codes 

and men back to worl • Time was of the essence in all proced~re . 

Industries for tl e ost part responded co.operati vely. .But despite 

this, differences arose betveen JRA and industry and between r epresentaives of the s~e or rel ted industries. Altho g most of them were 

ami ably settled, ti es ca.Hle when a few conflicting views were deadlocked and vere , in the opinion of RA, causing ~Ulvn.rranted de l ay . 

The prospect of continued disagreement in tl1ese and other ci r cumstances which tended to slow down industry codification , was met by 

acceptin5 those parts of t1e codes as to which there was acco r d and 

issuing an order for their approval , conditional upon the acceptance 

by industry of certain limitations proposed by the NRA to adjust the 

deadlocked issues. An executive or administr ative order of this type 

was a Conditional Order of .Approval. 

Sometimes tne conditions had the effect of modifying cer tain code 

provisions. Sometimes they nullified. them. Sometimes the effect upon 

the code was p~rmanent and at other s, temporary. 

suall the or der approved the code conditionally upon the sta~ 

or amendment of certain provisions, the p r oviding of exception he ~ 

from or the addition of other p rovisions. This procedur e was gener a lly 

s ccessful in getting the acceptable parts of a code into oper ation 

ithout the delays which would most certainly have fo l lowed r efusal 

of the NRA to act at all until the code was acceptable in all det ai l s. 

The method, nevertheless, frequently changed the status of a code f r om 

one voluntaril r entered into , to one .in which cer tain conditions were 

ir:Ipo sed by _ R.A. 

rovided that the industry to which a conditional order of appr oval 

had been is ued had a code committee which was representative of the 

indu try, the p rocedur e generally r esulted in the acceptance of the 

onditions by industry and the full effectiveness af the code as thus 

modified. But w ere the representation vas in doubt , or vhere someone 

made claim that tne application of the conditions was unjust , or wher e 

a claim 11as made that the conditions had not qeen submitted to the same 

procedure as that followed for the reQJ.larly accepted provisions of the 

code, effectiveness might be in doubt . 

It is not entended to create the i~ression that all conditional 

orders of approval were ritten rith the intention of imposing condiions upon industry. Yet there is only one case of record in which, 

on ac eptance of the conditions, a .second, clear- cut order of approval 

~as issued. This \as in Code o . 1, Cotton Textile Industr y . The 

first order of approval \as conditional. The second was final and 

9844 
-11-

unconditiona l. 

It nppear s cl early t h.:tt n.s a ·mn.t t e r of. p rocedure there WE'.S no 

a dJ.,i nist :rative provis ion by N3.A by ·vvhich nn entire industry could be 

hea rd on the conditions of approvD.l made by. NRA • 

.An approv rd code , apart from co ~l di tior~. s in the order of app roval, 

h ad be en s~bj cted to t h e full process of public notice and h earing 

anc:. o1po r t unity for a ll who we r e interest ed to p a rticipate in its 

formula tion or, at least, to offer objecti ons. ·T'n e codes which were 

su o~ ed to con ditiona l orde r s of app:."cva l, on t h e other haDd, cont a ined conditi.on s ins er ted by NRA wi t h out public notice or hearing . 

3 . St ays, Exen pt_ions_and. Exceptions...t__Qp.de .Ame!ldments. 

A procedural applica tion of' the St ay was established by Executive 

Order No. 6205-B, da ted Jul r 15, 19 33 , wl ich !irovided that those who 

had not in p erson or by rep res ent c tive partic:p ted in establishing 

or consentine; to a co d e and w:1.o clai1:1ed _ t hat applica tions of the code 

were. nnjust, sh ould by a: _~ with in ten days after the effective 

date of the co de, be given an oppo rtunity for a hea ring and that no 

liability to enforcen en t of t l1e co C..e would be · i n curred by the applicant 

pending the deterillina t .iun of th e issues r a i s ed . This p rovided a second 

line of protection for tho s e who had not ~ ecte ~ to provisions of a 

proposed code in the co rse of the rocedure through whi~~ codes passed 

before r~ceiving approvRl. 

The Ad..-ninist:rator was.' not given the .p ower to stay code provisions 

~fter a · code had been approved 1 nntil Febrna ry 8, 1934, although he 

was t;i ven the p ower of approva1 of t h e II elimination 11 of code provisions 

on December 30 , 19 33. 

A request for a st ::~.y could oriGina te with t h e code authori t~r or 

any interested party. It vvas referred to the deputy .aqministrator in 

charge of the code involved. The deputy then sent notification of the 

request to the t.hree a dvisory boards, Industrial, 1<?-bor and Consumer, 

and to the Lega 1 Division and Res ear ch 2.nd Planning Division, all of 

which discussed the p ro::_)osa l a.n1ong thems elves, and some times with each 

other, and '.vrote t h eir v iews to the deputy. Upon conclusion by the 

deputy, somGtimes folla\1ing innum_erable conferences and adjustments 

as to the Dron er action for NRA to take. he would have the order drawn ~ -" . with the assis t ru1ce of the Legal Division, and would forward it to the 

division admi:i.1istr&.t0rts coci e assistDnt. Then, for the first time, the 

ReYiew Division wa s co·ntacted to . pass upon the conclusions of the deputy 

and to review th~~ for p olicy and consist ency. The Review Division 

had its own lebal sta ff and it was n ot un~sual for it to differ r.aterially with the memb e rs of ti.1e Legal Divi-sion. When, in the opinion of 

the Review Division·, · t .he de:r-u.ty 1 s, conclusion or its presentation was 

not as it should be, the· file was returned to the code assistant with 

appropriate coflment. Thence it was ~eturn d to the deputy whose duty 

it then was to satisfy the requirements p ointed out by the Review Division, provided. its recommendations were accepted as being co:rrect. 

9844 
------

_} e original ction of tl e deputy some i{Iles required wee}:s to 

ons ate . The second action, at the instance of t e Review Division , 

fr qu ntly too_~ a long or lontJer if tl1e corrections were in con t r over ial Ill.:'ttcr . Sometines t ' is process was repeated a third t ime 

before every view m.ts satisfied or other\7:ise dis1)osed of. 

A tho procedure .vas organized, tl er e •.rtas no p rovisi on r equ i r i ng 

act b t•.7e t1 e depu t and the Review Division while the deput y was 

fir t preparing his casa , so that there could be no assurance that 

is action would be approved until it had been compl etel y p r epar ed and 

submitted. 

en finally all the interested units we r e either ov errul ed or 

safisfied, th or der went to tlo division administrato r f or appro val, 

thence again to the Review Division, thence to t he Admi nistra tive 

Officer for signatur e and thence to the Code Record Sect ion for r ecording . 

Except as to the number of steps r equired and_ the numb er of units 

of RA to be referred tom as shown b.v t he 11 f l ow 11 cha rts abo v e the p rocedure for handling exemptions and code amendments was simi l a r. 

II . Administrative Aspects. 

Stays, exemptions and code amendments wer e indispensab l e instruments in the reconciliation of the manifold confli cts, controve r si es, 

overlaps of code jurisdiction, code authority aggressions, geogr aphi ca l 

labor r evision disputes and other problems constantl y appearing b efore the administrative staff of the JRA f r om almost as many dir ections 

as there vere industries and trades. 

The primary business of 1 RA was of cour se the maki ng and t he administration of codes for industr ies and t r ades. Each code had cer tai n 

· asic provisions, .::md rules as ·uo their acceptability (* ) we re g r a d.-

1.:..ally developed from the days when codes were assemb led l a r gel y on t he 

basis of provisions in or experiences gained from t hose a l ready appr oved. Else\7herc ther e have been discussed the circumstances under whi ch 

the code definitions of industries and t r ades wer e !rri t ten , why t hey 

fre<!;uently overlapped and how •)r oblems of overlapping def init i ons, 

~ltiple code coverage and cl assification arose(** ). 

- . - - -------------

(*) -ational Recovery Administration BulL:~til "o . 2 , Basic Codes of 

Fair Competition, June 19 , 1933; al so, Office ''"anual, Index 

II-1 -1999 , Code ,ja}:ing and .Amendment , September, 1934 . 

'**) 'Problems of Admini~tration in the Overlapping of Code Defi nit: on of :ndustries and Trades, ultiple Code Covcr~e , Cl assifying 

Ind.:.-,idual ~:embers of Industries and Trade- A repo r t of the Division of Revie7. '7RA files. 

9844 
-13-

.Adjustments were made frequentl;r in these types of cases by the 

USe Of stays and exemptions aDd amendments. The types of cases for which 

adjustment had to be made \1ere many more than had been cmticipated. 

Then too , a g reat deal of ingenuity was used in their presentation to 

NRA by industry. The NRA in turn u_ndoubtedly suffered from shortcomings 

of its own administrative concepts, organization, personnel and p rocedure. 

The Wlue discretion amonb depu.ty administrators in· some respects 

and the lack of divisional covrdination ~e su te d in closely similar 

prob lems beinG settled in different divisions, and even in t l1e same 

division, through widely differing a&ni nistrative app ro a che s. This 

situation w8s aggravated b~· the lacJc of a clear definition, admini stra,.-. 

tivel· , betrreen, for exwnple , exemptions, stays and exceptions; amendmf'nt 

?.nd modifications;· i.~.nt~ ~tEftl<>ns and explanations. (*) 

.At first the term "Exemption" included "Exc eption " " and 11 Stays 11 

as we ll (**). 

Later the term ti:Etw'1lptio: " was described as any ruling whereby 

an individual group or class llwithin c:m ir-dustry 11 i s r eleased from the 

full operation of -i 1a cc:ie pro'Ci:~ion; ' T***) 

Still later the R. personnel was instru.cted that' liTo preserve 

uniformity of usage , the ter·m 1 Exceptions '' will not be used as a synonym 

fo~ 1 Exer.1ptions 1 " ( **"'*) 

The terms 11 ar:wndr.len t " rnd "modificB.t ion II were used interchangeably 

u_ntil Sept ember, 1931; , (** "" *"*) after .vh.:..ci.1 t 11e Office IIanual permanently esta"'Jlished t l1e term 1ianendJ:ient n ·and di::;continued t he J.1 i t herto r.1ore 

or l ee s sy11onymously v.sed terms of "wodifica tion", 11 supplementn, lirevision", 11 a c"'..dition" c::_nd tladjustment. II 

(* ) See Administrative Interpretations of lEU Codes - A 

Division of Review report. 

(**) Administra tive Order Z-27, May 5, 1934 . NRA files. 

(***) Part III, par. 3210, Office Manual, Sept. 1, 1934. 

( ) Ibid . 

(** ***) NR~ Office I.Ianual, Part II, Index 5010. 

9844 
- 14-

The r ecord,.. ho·:: no notice~ blc uniformit y in selecting Emy one 

in rumen tali t r.s the> proper mccms for r econcilil g problems in the 

arne cntecory. T1 y do , ho veve r , reflect an effort to keep the codes 

in order as far as possib l e by a consistent process of amendment when 

opportunity offer ed. On the other h~md , code authorities 'ere very 

autious about r equestiilf!; ru cndment of their codes, since they were 

avare that~ openin6 of a code for amendment might lead to tle proposal by RA that mo r e chanees than those requested by the industry 

be mad .• 

Pendin the wo rking out of runendments, stays were nsea as a pro 

mp~ r ~olution of some difficulties and sometimes ~ch tarnpo r a r y 

stays we r e so maintained as to have practically per.manent effect. 

The service codes ~e re virtually })laced in suspension as to a ll provisions other than those pertaining to labor, by the exercise of the 

sta • At other times the provisions of one code were summari l y stayed 

by RA to avoid hardslip in cases of over lapping odes. Stays wer e used 

frequently to eliminate code provisions which }.RA studies or r evised 

poli y determined were objectionable. 

I I I . Recapitulation: 

.-Conditiona l orders of approval as used by -RA !Vere subject to two 

interpr etations in administration : 

9844 

A. Favorable Factors 

l. They \vere effective in short-circuiting the r egul ar 

methods of code fonaula tion , thus aiding the pu~ose 

of immediately getting industries under codes. 

2. Th y avoided delays in putting the immediate desider ata 

of codification (minimum wages , maximum hour s fo r l abor, 

reemployment , etc. ) into effect . 

3. They effectively closed arguments between NRA per sonnel 

and industry representa tives, featured by unwi l lingness 

of industry to modify its position to conform to po l icies 

of ·nu. 
-15-

• Unfavorable Fa.ct.ors: ---

1 . The concii tions in the orcl..ers v1ere frequently of such nature 

as to :prc::ctic:~lly cn<mge the code: s status from voluntary to 

il'l1posed . 

2 . L. the conditions in the orc_er were not met , there was 

question whet:1.er or not the co de -,-.ras leGally in eff e ct. 

l~t Glass llffg . Industr:•, Corle Ho . 541) and. enforceable . 

3 . :rhe method of inse rting so . .1e con'.li tions into an order of 

a~;:9roval evCA.deci. ( inttm tior:cd.l~r o:..· ·not) the :rJ rocesse s of uroc ed.ure ad lJi~e d for voluntc.:.r~ cocl..e forii1uJ.ation . 

4. Tiw use of conc~_i tional orders ,Jf apurovul i nvol ved t he 

que stion of \7he thc r the~r were pr~ c-rpr ocedure a nd , therefore , 

good adJnini strD.tion .. 

Sta,rs. B~;:e n1Q_tio ns anc. Code .Al.wndmen t s : 

These instru.L1P n ts uf o.drJ1ini str a . .- ior.. rr<Jre usee_ widely t o adjust and 

r econci l e :\;ro blems r cs:ul ting : ro:"1 e1o ~J olicy and p rocedure of code 

mal,_ing . I!l the earli e r da:.rs ac~ 1J7<.:.s ap1~J.ied largel y accordi ng f o the 

personal ideas of the ~f:r.A of_ficial having the cas e in charge . There 

were no g e:1era l rules ri icil~r regule.tinc t h e 1:se of each . To the end 

of t~w code p e riod sorr.e ciel?ut r adJ::ini stra tors di:::'fered in their opinions 

a s to the _p rope r applicn.tion of stn:"s , exenptions and amendments to 

c ertain problei:ls of aclminintration cmd frequentl y- each :could p oint to 

tG:d sting e:~a1 rples in ~:rt .. i.:p]l O.:;:t oL ~is :!J inion~ Ii :~eclienc~r freque n t l y 

di ctated the s e l e cti o!l of the instruuent for accompl ishing a desired 

e!1d. _:Pr ocedure for appl y inG t:t1e instr1r:1ents uas compl icated oy the 

admi nistr ative practice of int e rpouing aQditional checks wherever and 

wneneve r a new eakne~s or failure of Ol'f'anizati on appear ed. 

The author ' s study of the administration of 1~RA i n c onne c tion with 

this u.nd othe r r ep orts , has e ng8!lder c d some ideas which a r c her e r ecorde d : 

9844 

1. Wrapp ed in the p roblt;m of n.rl.ministering the NI RA YTe r o 

defini t8 e lements Phich vr-e r e opposed socially , economical l y 

and industrial l y , c.nd few i ndovd. of those r e sponsible f or 

tho ad!riinist r atio!l bow norr to r e late them , or what t o exp oet from t horn , wo ll enough to make the _fundamental s p l ain 

to tho J:Jon ~-;h o \TOT" to r1ako t :1o NIR.\ a success . A f ow of 

thus·J oppos ;d forces rrc r o : 

Capital and bo~ 

Mono oly a nd comp0titio~ 

Contr olle d conon~r and l :J issoz fa.iro 

TiC J.l tm' ~; Lilld inc'l.us trv 

:Sig business ct.11 d li ttl'--' 'busine ss 

lVI uchc:..n ization and. un IJ lo~r nt 

Fair cor:rpe ti ti on nne!. de s true ti v•., campo t.i tion 

Nc;w i ndustri a l products and ol d 

So lle r and buye r 
• 

• 

• 

-lcSome of h .s c f o!'c .... s ·~r nr ~.- :-tt in T)r ncticall; r~r 

si tua. ion 7i tl :! ich aililinis .tion ho.d to dco.l . 

The obj .cti ·~ s of ITI~ future as ..-c 1 .-:ts )r 1. sent , pcr -

I!l:m.nt. ~S •~...11 as em(.. r~..nc~- , ',7erc.. nvVC:C stlffici0ntl r 

lmO\m to or 1muerstood b;.r many of thos0 en rust~..;d nith 

LL: L;·ecu ion of its po ici s and roc edur , to _:procure 

: e Ol)tir.l' 1 efficienc. in administration . 

4 . Fo r th" nos pnrt , personne l .1as faithful and ener ge tic 

and gc .. vc all it had in tho ef:'ort to do nhat \'/as inmc diatel J in f ront of it, but Ma!1Y officials had little 

idea \/hut it 'TUS all about or the ti c to find out . 

5. In rulJ l~rGo and Gro ing organ ization it is ne c e ssary 

to depend to a great extent upon the juuGuent B'1d 

initiati\e of individ~~ls to maintain the policies and 

carr .. out objectives. li ~-, co\lld this be done to best 

advanta0 e '.7he:-t the ul ilosophJ and . any objGc ti ves of 

adDi:1istration nc r e obscure and. little unde r stood.? 

6. The logical thing ha:p~enod , namely , administr ation 

rules ~ere built to corre c t errors ~hich occurred because there had been no rul e s . Thas , 11hile this tended 

o corre ct p r evious troubles it did not pr event the 

occurrence of ne·a ones. 

l'o conclude , it is believed that this chapt nr upon the admi nistra-

.ive aspects of stays, exemu tions and code amendments and conditional 

orders of ay.>proval , taken t ogether i th the indi vidue.l r eports ( * ) 

contain sufficient p roof to confirm the statements t hat : 

l . J:'here \7(-\S no COI~:rprehensive p lan Of classificati on Of 

industries and t radcs upon 1:hich to found a general 

aQffiinistrativc ~o li cy a nd coordinate the p rocedure 

for industry codification. 

2 . There ;vas no authoritat~ e unit ;ri thin 'lR..\ nhose sole 

puruose it ~as to correlate administrative eA~eriences 

and engn&e itcelf ene etically in advance planning of 

the p rocGdure necessary to ke ep the oreanization ahead 

of its n r obl ems . 

I is no cln.im d that t~e r emova l of these t~o deficiencie s 

•::ould hav e cor r e ct· ·d all the roubles. It •;·ollid , horrover , have ·occn 

e ffe ctive in reducing th~.. n'ill!'l·o ,r of ro bl ~... T'ls and i prov ing the proc e dure and, consoqi.lentl:r, t' e dispatch iii t1 \'ihic the p robl ems r crni ing ·.: ... r ~ '"~ndled . Thl, cunlliativ0 effe ct ·.1ould hav e boon gr eat e r 

ad~inis rativo cfficir ncy. 

( "' ) Parts I I t I I I , r. and horeof. 

9844 
-17-

FA! T TWO: STAYS 

By 

D :U . 13o land 

', 

9844 
-1--

1'101\ 

7f. · Or .._ iza i 1n Studi(..S Section 01 1 e DivL i n of R view has 

des 0 • p d the· subj c of s c ~ s as c- 171Pt ter f'Jr sep r .. te s udy. The sub .. 

jec s -i-h exe~cise ~I Jhis artie lar forl71 of administra iv~ 

-,~ionc> l Recovery AdminostrP i ·n . r~e vari uus Droblems, 

d diffic 1 ies ttend~nt uuon he administration of the 

Ind .,tr ic>l Recovery Ac t (*) "er in many instances met and in 

O'!le ceses uo po. ed by ,he use of thG 11 stay '· I t s use ?'as widespread. 

r~s r O<">f and i tents coverc& all phases of NRA from the viewpoint ~ 

le ality, _olicy, and adminis r ation. 

The evidences of the use of the ~tay ar e found in the NRA files 

and r• cor ds , from which tl e bases uf is r eport Per e derived. Inves 

i a ion of he fil es fJr infor ~at ion r elating to the various subject 

heading set f.:>r h in he c>bl e of contents were made. Compilation of 

tne rna erial o ained and the di gesti ng ther eof were conducted for the 

main ~urpose of pr r se ti. in this pr €liminary r epo rt various prob em~ 

, "ch , o th a hor of the r epor t , seemed pr imary and i mportant . Tha 

· ves-·ga ions and he r e or t the r eof embodied herein c ncernc. the-

; ss es pr esented by ne exer cise oft e power of stay as a leg islative 

pr obl m. I'he bases of power set forth in he Act , · e re~sonable imploc tionc there in and deficiencies thereof, both r ea l and apparent , 

have been hE backgro nd of this inves igation and preliminary r eport. 

his ~pu r ells Jf acminist r ative acti on l egislatively conferr ed 

and legally delegc ed. The 1 tter phase has been a f urther su' ject of 

s udy and l~e r epo r sets forth the vario s administrPtive delegations 

of p wer c>nd r efer ences o unau orized us es thereof. The phases of 

admonistr? ive delega i on o po~er hie are considered herein r efer 

more o e ac ual exercise of the ~owe r in e su ~tent ive manne r r ather 

t an ad in ° s r ive de , i ls a .. d pr ocedure . Investi :>a tions and appraisals of he varo ous adminis r ltive ~echan ic s as t o the handling of a~ 

lica io ::; , r ou in of papers a d ot· er pr ocedur al phase s have n.)t been 

considered. 

A study in i s entir e y or he files, orders of appr0val of codes 

and of amend~e s, , ~nd ot er officic>l pr o ounce .ents of the NRA r elati o codes .., ich w r e in so:.1e way P bj ec ed to n exercise of the 

o er of stey r.as ompossibl e , 8 leost for tne purpose of his r por t . 

·.e s~ dy con rns i self ~i h the orders of appr o rals of five hundr ed 

and ~.~wen y (t::2':) odes, (Codes os. l o 520 , inch1sive) . In addition 

a S(..lPcted u~be r of codes we r e 1nves igated as to the use of the stay 

he r e th's dmonis r e 've p0we r was sed in spec ific cases other than 

i n he order of A roval of e code or amendment thereto. The list of 

ch codes is as 1ollo s : 

to ::1.s t .. c Act) 

84 
1

Joo1 t,;:~ ti1o 

-:;1 ctriG21 hh.nufa t ·Llrii.l[ 

C. ::. ~- a :1c Sui t 

:.1. '3 0 L·"l.!'U~ r> ctnrint; 

Cor ~c t 0nd J3rf'si:l i or : 

-1 -

Lvsitmatt,; Full Lon ·,th :J:cF1rB tic " lld lvusic"'. l 'rl1e8.tricPl 

L u;nb c r c: nrl. T i r .. b e r P :;:o duet :J 

I ro:.1 a1d St e , 

Photographic I\fr nuf::tctur.j.ng 

?ishlnb Ta ckle 

nc>yor: and Synthotic Yarn Prod1.:ciug 

Mt..n ' G Clotlinc 

Hosi e ry 

Autor;1ob ilc ~.hnuf cturi 1f 

Cast I ron Soil Pi}'j3 

w~ ll :...t pCl~ 11e_ nuffl.Ct l.I'inb 

S£'.1 t 1~ .ducin.::; 

Lua. t~ cr 

Motion P~ctur o Labo.L2tory 

Underw Jar and Alli,>.l. Procluct s M:1.ru.fr cturint; 

Ji tuminous Coa.1 

Oil :Burn0r 

GR.s oi.inc Pump \e nuf,.,_c h.ni :"l~_, 

Text ile Bat; 

Transit 

Artificial FlowJr ~nd Fcatn~r 

Linol eum ::me'.. Fe lt :Ba so M::mnfac~u::: nz 

Lime 

K~: tt.in[ , Braicdnt; r.nd Vi ir'-' Gov <J l'i :-:6 M~~hi1'2 "' 

Re tail LTh!lbor, L JJnb 'j r P ro;:'_u cts, EuilC.int:; ·:Ie 1~i a. s 

anQ Tiuil i~6 S )cCi8 lti.;s 

La undry a;1d Dl'Y Cl ean inc !.1n. ~lL10"-'Y Mt\!drnf .:. c t uring 

TcxtilJ I::<?. chinel7 l\'l::•.nuf2 c t"l.l.!'in:; 

Gle.s s Conta in·3 r 

Builder Suppli es Tr:1d...:· 

Boile r ~~an,; facturing 

Farm Eq_ui··)L on t 

Elect1·ic Stor8g3 2.n cl. Wvt ?rimBry :Ba tt...::: ry 1

.Yomcm 1 s .B ...;1 t 

Lug.;e.g J fEld }!'~ncy La.:: t hc r Goods 

Icc 

Boot ;;md. Shoe ~~i~nuifn. cturL1g 

SadcU o -~;>- I (;;JlUfac turing 

Mot~r Vohi cle Jt2 ilin~ Tr2de 

:Ban~::ers 

Sil:r Toxtile 

Optical Ma~uf cturi nc 

Autorr.a tic Su rink l e r 

UmbrGlla Ms.nufe cturing 

Hutue.l Saving s :San;·:s 

H n.dk rchicf 

Throv:i11g 

Comp r ess ed Air 

Heat Ex cl1e.nge 

0844 
-·.on.n · • qu~r .:r nuf_ t ·1.r.:.n 

3usi:: r: · tu · , Sta r :;:;quip .... nt .. : d ?iJ inc Supuly 

phal Sl in0 l and .Roofin .. a :1uf. ct".lring 

Jr ss .. nui'ac uri nt; 

P ur , nd Pulp 

·.:illin ~ry 

:vn 1 s .- cl:wcar 

Al•.lminum 

ribu..ti1 ~ Tr:..de 

:achi;1e 2r.b_oide r y a d the Embroidery 

Thread Lnd Sc llop Cutting 

i a r .anufacturi ne 

-!1 ilv 'sti ga ion Jrir::ar·l;f sa··.··lt tl '-' . n ur :: l :->rs~s fer tho adminis r a ive x~rcis rf .1.'-' no•:10 r of st--.;,· a f. 1 r om t1.:; rr.a t~ri-1 noted above 

:is r .... port e.. t rrrptn t a s~'t fo r sorr.3 of t. c r easor!s ·:hy t. "" lTational 

.rt co e~r Administra ~1, ·.; i t:Dr uoan its o .n initi :->t v~ o r upon the auplica i on of s me into r st~d -J~ rt ' , cl v..:r.o d it neces::.ary ta cith0r grant 

o r d ~ a s t:-> J o. tJ. e provi sions of a co do OJ.. fn.i:: co1.mct i ti ~"'l • An analysis of co ..... p ovi sions s bj vCt0d to s t <:.;}'S '1as b o ,n nadv , wit' particular <" tr .. ss be in.:; lqi c. upon lT.flxi . :urn !lours and minim·l.lr.: ng0 provision(" , con.e 

aut. ... orit;· _ ro isions and tracl :1 r actice rul 0s. T:1o autilor stre sses the 

_r li.:na:::· natu_ .. >f ~his r ...;p0_t ~.nrl t ~ i ab ilitJ" t0 :~haust all r -..-

co rds, bu int.,nds to "Ot fo1·t:1 as e r esult of th.) stu.d;1 alree.dy madu , 

so ... c 9-n s·;;or . o t :t0 .uoc: tion - w r..a t did I'RA C.o v. it r egard to tnc uso 

o., n' po;")'o r to st:ty coci::l :?ro i si ons?" ana. f rom the ansrers ~c roto , 

o subr.:it SUQ:;estions and concl 'Si0ns fo r l ..... [ islativo uurposos and consider~ i on . 

9844 
- 21-

The Act \'DS E!n lrov d by the Fresi dent of t he Unit ed States on June 

l o , 1933. .n exaMi net i r n of the :p.~. ovi si ons of the Act discl oses no u s e 

of or r efer ence to t he •" ord if r t ay u, but thro Jghou t t he Ac t t h ere are 

s·lf l icient le slc.~t ve d.e cl a r c...t i on s whi ch wa rant a nd j u stify the use of 

the 1)0 1cr o f stay. The theor y of tl e act vras a delegation of power to 

t~e ur e.:; i dcnt ni th ce r tain limi tations u1 on the exerc ise t he r eof, vrhi ch 

del ega tion re quired 8n exer ciRe of aG~ str ive d iscre tion as a means 

of aroper afministr . tian of the Act. S8c tio n 3 ( a ) of t he Act conta i n s 

pertinant l a nguae;e r ega 1·d ing t he exercise of t he pO'I!I er of the stay. Cert a i n stan dr:;.·ds anC. r equirGJaen ts r·er0 i •.Jp o"ed upon t he Pre sident as to 

t . e rpo:L·ovc- 1 of codes rtnd t ho ee ction fur tr.e r provi de d t nat 'I!T her e t h e 

co des a:.C'f e c ted per son., , t he Pre si den t co Jld, as a condition of his ap-

"9rova l of a code rovi d~'"' "exception t o and. exemp tion s f rom the p rovisions of such co de . " I'his t h r.ught of a p owe r o f discr e tion in th e Pre sident ob t a i n s throughout t ";l e Act . I t i s fo:..md in Se c tion l O(a) in Fhich 

the Presi dent wa s a .1tn r i zecl to pres crL .e r ul es end r egulations and in 

Section l O(b ) , w:nicll au.th:) ri zc d t he Presi dent to 

11 cc::.ncel a nd :n f~r an;)r orde r of ap pr ova l , license , 

rul e or regclat i on i s c- u ed * * *. 11 

In vi ew of e~ e su eci f ic efe nc ~ in the Act t o t he u ovrer of the President to r.!ai<:o e.-em_.: tions a nd to c a ncel or :-1od.i fy h is orders of appr ova l , 

it is L.m r__uest i onecl tha t the P::-esi <i t in t he exercis e of t h is p ower and 

the discretion g r anted t o · i m wa3 p0r mitt e<i to stay t he :p r ovisions of the 

code i f he f o·nn d t h'lt such act i on wou l d e ffe ctuate the declared purpos e s 

of t i1e Act . 

T..rJ.e Ac .l. ·orovl a.es f or v · .r ious kinds of co de s oth e:r than · those su eci-

. f ically r:1 en tioned in Sec tion 3 (a) (':•) but at tention is directed to t he 

statements in t be s e "?a rticular s ections t hat the a pprova l of these various ~r: 8S of cod.es or a;:reement.s ":'Ould !-.av e the same ef fect a s a code of 

f air COi1) e ti tlon Clpproved .by t h e President under the p rovisions of Se ction 

3(a) . The lJ Ow er confer:::-ed by Section 3 ( a ) , "'lhen coupl ed vr i th the g enera l gr .?..nt conta i ae d in Secti:) n l O( b ) , i s of su.ff ici ent l atitude to ap ·11y 

to a l l f orr.1s of cocl e s ancL a gr eements a:u.tho rized by the Ac t . 

The "9 o -rer conf er red u::_J on the Pr esid en t to grant or d eny stays was 

by the t er ms of ~1. e Ac t r ath er gen e r a l. Limitations 'l ere i mp osed, but 

the ambi t of admi n istra tive discretion vras o f wide . Sect i on 1 of 

the Act set f orth the de clar ed. p ol icies e.n d. purn ose s o f t h e Ac t and . t he 

Presi clent n as empowered to exer cise this rignt of stay v·hen "necessa ry 

to ca rry out the ·ourn o s ed of t !:.i s tit le 11 • Sect i on 10 (a) stat e s :-

' ( * ) - Se e Se ctions 3 ( d ) , 2nd 7(c) 

984 4 
. - ,t~{,J 

111. t l Pr ri nt in !.i·· ircr ti"'. :e .. s !ec ~. C'< ... ·\ry t o ef::'c ctuate 

lc uolicy herein 

io 3(r) re cr'be~ :-

llf or tl t t · on of con 'urn r" C) .t1· tor , t:r"""' loyee ~ 'lnd othe r s " .e pro PC 1 ... , . v' 1 • • ..... --

!"' d : 

T1e ouerutio.l r>..nd effect of a st· J is simi r t o t :h .... t of an exemption . rm c aut or as u r c·)ertd c.. report 01 the l at t e r subject and h a s 

one· dered in det"il the bas r~ s of uC'·1e r i or ti1e use of t l is l a tter mentioned for of ad.ninistrutivc rf'lief . It i s su..~cos 8d t .ua t ro1erence to 

t1 e r eport 011 E:ice. )t ions ( Chc>nte r I - B::1ses of P o--,e r ) will show author ity 

for the statement cont ained in the foret;o i n.., "')3r a ,r a')ns . For uurn o s e s of 

bn,vi t , and avoida.1ce of dU')licntion tho co;.1t e:a t of suc·l chc>n t e r has n ot 

been set fort. herein . 

1'he rca:o able i"to l ications in the Act conve ·r t he existen e of the 

po .er in the Pre .. iJont t o anurove C' code or ne t or t o a')T>rove ua r t of a 

code , to i :roo so li11i t a tions or excep tions or rnodi i cnt ions un n t he oper a -

tion of that ode . ThL, n o vo r c on11o t es the meani...1t::; , l)Uli"Os e and effe c t of 

a ., taJ and as sucJ.1 t he use t hereof b y t he Presi den t or an y of r ic1al to who:. 

this U0\7er r.~.s ee: uroucrl;r dol eb.qtod i s wit: in t he s cop e and extent of 

t.c lebislative decl~rations con t 1.ined i n t he Act . 

On JUlle 16 , 1933 , the date unon '"hich t he Act v c.s signed by the President , General :Iugh S. J ohnson · es a·'J1Jo i:1t ed b..r t ho President to be Administr1.to r fo r Industrial Recove r J . T~ is Pr eside~1 ti ql r der authorized t h e 

Adr:1inistrator for the ensuinb thirt y days t o do suc:1 11 othe r and nece ssary 

·, ork us a"'..lt~nori zed unC.e r Title I of t he said Act 11 • ':'he Exe cutive Order of 

appointment also apoointcd a Special I ndustri a l Rec ove r · ~oar d composed of 

t:1c SPcret "r of Co.nrne r ce as Cha i rmnn , t he At t orney Gen " ral , the Secr etar y 

of Interior, t e Se re t l!r y of i\gricul tu.rE, t l1e Secr e t ary of Labor, the 

D1rector of the Bud~o , t :e Admi~ istr ato r f or I du s triPl 3ecover y and the 

Chai r man of t 1e Fcde r e l Tr ade CoHn"lissi on . The au t ho ri t · conferr ed upon 

General Jo . .nson Ytes made subject t o t:'1e bene r n.l approv'll of this :Bo c rd ' (*, . 

()n July 15 ' 19;:t'3 , the ~0 ':e r oribinal ly t.,r '111 te l.LTlde z:·e cu ti v e Order . o . 

6173 ~·:as continued·, ith cert ain limi t ation s ( **) . n t h e same d a te 

(July .1 - , 193~, the recid~ t se t un a EbU ~tion and modifi ed any pre-

,,· ou.s :i;xe~utiv rder i co. si~te.l t •.;rith its t e r ms . This r et;ul a ti on is a s 

follo ·~ : 

"An odo of f ... ir o a.1eti t io app r ove by me s} a ll b e deeme d in ful l 

force cf~e ton the effective dPte a s st:ted i n t he code ; but aft e r 

---------- ·----- - ------ ---

(• s~p ~{ecut ve rder ·o . 6173 

( s~ Exe u i VC rder :-o . 62C5-A. 

984: 
-23-

the ao-:>rov[ll of ~ code and ~J.s em i ncident to t!1e immediate enfo rcement 

thereof, :1eo.ring may be g iven by the Admini"'trator or his designated 

reul'os ent c•ti ve to ve rsons (he reby defined to include natura l ne r so ns, 

p"rtnersl.li::_Js, ns· ociations or coro0rations) ho hr-we :riot in person or by 

" represe:ntetive partici0hted in establishing or consenting to a code, 

but .,.h are d.irectly affected thereby, anc " ho cla im that a!)plications 

of the co c.'.e in l0rticula l.· in. tances are unjust to them and rho appl y for 

an e:vce)tion to , or exern ot ion from , or modification of the code . Such 

oersons so e)) 1lying , within ten days afte r the effective date of the co de , 

shall be give1 an opportunity for a hearing and determi nation of the is• 

sues r ."'..ised ··_Jr ior to incurring anv li<.J:,L! .. i t' to enforcement of the code, 

~nd the Ac1.HL~.istretor sh..1ll, i f justice r equires , '"'tay the application of 

the code to all si.nil arl y affected uend.i ng a determina tion by me of the 

issu8s raised. " (*) . 

The subst::..;.1ce of the above quoted ~xecntive Order s'Pecifically conferred 

u·oon t he · dministrator the _o o•·er to s t8.v the applica tion of a code un on 

the recei _)t of an aDplicat i on for <m e;-~ :y tion therefrom, not onl ~r as to 

the perso!l n.ho m< de t he a ·)plication , but a lso :9 ersons w!lo were similarly 

affected. This EYecutive Order makes th~ first r efer ence to the use of 

the terr11 11 stay 11 a nd is t he first s ·Jec·ific clelegt .tion of p owe r from the 

President . On Decerobel· 30, 1933 , t}:;.e Pr e s i dent deleg8.ted. to the Administr~ator f or ~dust ri l Reco ve ry the p o-rer o:f ap~9 rov l of the 11 elimination 11 

of any one or E10 J.·e p rovisions of any code o: f air competition. This orde r 

also 'Permitted the Ad.ministrHtor f or I ndustrial Recovery to ap:_:>rove exceptions from t ne )revisions of a code (**) . 

The '.)OITer granted to the Admi nistrator to act on Jp licat ions recei ved within t he time 9 eriod set in Ex.ecut i ve Order .:.To . 6205-B restricted 

the p rop el· a n d efficient use of the s tc.y. On ebr-t:Ja ~,r 8 , 1 934, the President , by J!j:.':ecutive Order r-r0 • 6590- A, aut ho ri zed the Administrator for 

Industrial Recover~r to "'Jresc.ribe rules and r egulations covering stays a~1d 

other forms of relief f roD co des of fair co:Jneti tion ap·oroved u..>'l.der Title - - ./.. 

I of t he c a i d Act. This or der ext ended the -o o·-rer of the Administrator ~ 

such a Dal1ne1· a.s to permit t l1e us e of the s ta.y aft er a co de had become 

effective a nd di d. not restrict the use of t he p O'.I'T er to or ciers of approv2.ls 

of code s . 

The se }_)O~. ers which had been conf e rred u:uon the Administrator we r e ~r 

the terms of ::..=,xecutive Or der No. G859 - Se'Ptembe r 27, 1934 , transferred 

to the 1-Jc:.t ionc:-.1 Industriel Re covery BoErd, which Board, .by its Administrative O:~tc e:;,·s , aut ho ri zed ~1e i suance of orders of approva l 1:-rhich necsaril~- Ll cll.,_ded orders of s ta~r b7 t he Aamini strati ve Of ficer ( ***). 

No furtl1er cielegations of p o'rer to use the str.:.y r.ve re sue cifically 

;nade . T:.1e ~) 01·rer to stay 1)rovisions of cq de9 a s such was peculiarly confined to t he Acili1 inis trator a'lci the !Jationa l Industria l Re covery Boar d , 

(*) 

(**) 

(*** ; 

9844 

See E.::;:ecutive Crier ro . 62€:•5- B 

E:-:ecntive Order 6543-A 

See ... 6:1ini s tra tive Order X- 93 , September 28 , 1934 
---- - 4-

, ver, t.hi. .. r •• ~Jt.l od o · dr.li istn tive a tion ·.:< •.tHee.:. in sO.T!•3 instanc es 

v les -:: of "'ici· ls ot n j· t · onal .d..1co·rer·· .:L'..Jli 1istretio~1 . The no·,rcr .. of a: T)l' vQ of co e e.x.Mntionr , exce1tionr" , E'nJ such orms of ~.d.minis

r i;. r lie:l nere frOTTJ tii1C to tiMe CelE' ' ted tO l ':'Ser 0 "'ficinls, the 

:ercif:e of ··· ic: rl!q·1ired al .inistr tive cll!'cretion. 8ftun findin.gs, 

nro est· , JOlicies, oncl oth0r consic.:erc:tjons res il.ted in an adrainistra.-

tive st(. ~ oi t:1o i 1 ende reliefo 1·o for·1 nf ··ri'.;t.en deleca~io n of th.' s 

po or ·... ''"'ue · r the l,se t"1ercof rrP..s co•:.siu.0red i '0liet' a:1cl contnined 

in the O\te:;.~ c"' cxe.rption ~-rc..1ted 1 v the .~d ·:i li::-tlc tor or the l~at iono. l 

Ini1 striw J.ecover;r Bo[•rd to the 1urticul~ r of 'i cer • 

. C;;Jinistrative action } c.'S t 1 '<- Vt> "')rese!'tcd the auestion 0f due 

rrocos.; . ,jOr 1ur10s es o 1 tir"e- ·1.ving and e;:1edie.:1cv, it be in _, 1racticc,ll :-

ir.roossi' le to conduct hearings upon all mc-~tters sub::Iitted to the Adminisr'lti·'J ... , tho r"cbinistrator set UD tne procedure ':--o•;n as 11 no tice or opnorU! i y to be hoardn . The 01Jer c tion of this nrocectm·e resu.l ted ii1 the adminis r tive ap·1rovo.l of a partie lur matter with a ten, fifteen , t v1enty , 

thirt , or ict:r- dc. y st, y of the ~Jerc:: tions of t!1e nro·v·isi ons of thc..t 

u&.rticu.lc:r "1o.tter in order that inter ested Jersons mi :::~1 t, if they so 

wished. , o ject. This poDer, nhen used by t }le Acl.Jriinistrator or t!1e rational I 1clustri81 Recovery Board, was in accordance Tiith the Pr esidential 

deleg.:.. tions ~1ereinbafore mentioned , but ·Tihen us eel ~r 1 es s er officials of 

he .. :.:tional ~ecover r Administration was i n acco r donce "'i th iM'J?lied :porrer 

hich accoJn~nied the uarticul&r Qe leg~ted porye r rather t han a ccording 

o s Jecificall"7 delegated aut.hori ty. 

:rhe ?resident 1 s Rce:NJl ::wm0:1t AP;;reeJ11ent provided in o. rc:\::; a~1h 14 

hereof for D · s tav of tne: · ,rov:: ~JiOi1S thereof .) en dint" a summary investiga--

tion b r t~1e 1iotional Reccver~T Aclninistration (*) . The official exolanation of the P.:."'- ( ** ) moks5 reference to Pn ::.'a..q;r<iph 14 and in the exolane.J:. 

ion t ereof s c.tec thot &'1 ino.iviC:.ual e:nplo;re r may make application for 

a sta: i"'. accordal:ce ,~ith t:1e 1JI'OV'isions of Paragraph 14, Interpretation 

:~o . 2 , co:1cerning Pora~ra 1h 14 (*** sets forth the 'O roce d.ure and its 

effect as r terJ!_JOrary sta~r "i thout furthe r investi ":o.tion pending decision 

b, :IDA. ?-1e interpretation states thnt Par,.gra·Jh 14 is not intended to 

:provide for group e~<ce'Jtions , buc onlv to meet cases of ind ividual hardships. This reuort does not concern itself 7itn ~Jn lic at on s submitted .. .. ~ 

o .. .H.A i;: accordance r;i th the provisions of Paragrc 'lh 1 4 of the PR.A. It 

is rue t·1e ryord 11 stcw 1 is used in this Jarar·raoh, but in vi e of the 

fac tl'lf'.t the ua ar-rau. is lirnit6ld to ca::;es of individual a·oulica tion 

1:e con:ideration of these appl ications are found in the .J:i!R·;.· Organization 

Sec ions Stud·, on E.xer:1ptions . 1 o other Presidential del egat ion of no\'Ter 

to ·s a·r the o erati0n of tl!e ~~:) ... ~ is fuund . 

(* ;:,ee l:aA :Bulletin :io . 3 , Jul·r 20 , 1 933 . 

( "' ) See f -'-'1. 3t...lletin r:o . 4 

( "'** ) See l _..,_ let in io . 4 .. 

9844 
- 25-

CF:.A?T:S . I I I 

T~1 e '70r d 11 stoy11 i n i tc OJ;'dinary meaning i s a "stay ing or stonpi ng , 

or sta t e ·)f being staye- ; susp e11.s i on of mot i on or p rogr e s sion , a ha lt, 

stand, sto~, , <- st )in'-' , or nor e u suall ;}' a suspensi on of p rocedur e or 

execution by judicia l p r o ceeding s or execu tive ma ndate ". (*) 

The term 11 stay11 i n i ts l egal s ense nr- s r'lany conno tat ions. It r el a t e s 

t o ucl1 t '1ing s as a stey of f or eclosure , c:.. stay of cou rt p roce eding s, a 

stay of o.n action of l n:w, and Acts of a ]Legi sl atur e p res c rib ing a stay in 

c ert a in cases s et fort h in t he leg i sl ation , a stey of execution (**) . 

As st ated above, t here i s no r ef erenc e to t h e t erm 11 stay 11 in the 

:Jati onal I nclu.strial Recover y Act a n d a t t h e b eg inning of the Administra.--

t ion of t h e Act rlO a dm i nis trative definitions or eJql ana.tions of t h e term 

wer e issue o.. Ch r II refe r s to the u se of the term 11 stay 11 in Pa ra.-. 

gr a')h 14 of t l1e PRA . Th i n r efer enc e " a s one of the first occasions up on 

which t h e t erm " st ay " r12.s used ·o~ ~ e Arunin i s tra tion. The f a ct that the 

int er p:cetation of t h i s p a r agr a.-p h ma de it p ol y t o individual c a ses showed 

a dis osit on on t he nart of t he AC~ str n t o mak e t h e t erm appl y 

to i ndivi d·o.a l a'"9lJlicat io n s f or r elief. As t n e Adminis tration of codes 

and of the ~ continued , r efer enc e t o i ndiviuual applica tions was made 

by t h e t er n nexemp tion i

1 r a t her t han tne t er m 11 stc:.Ly n. 

Earl y in the p rocess of code formulat i on , the Administra tion f ound 

tha.t for ~:mr- o s es of enfcr ce:·nen t of p oli c(r or r e cogni t ion of p rotests it 

became ne cess a r y to st av , in the orde r of ··;ro ro c.~ of a code , the a ctual 

op eration of n a rt of t he ~r isi ns of t ha t code , e ithe r p ermanently or 

fo r a. limited p e rio d of time . The use of t h i s method of amini strati ve 

power r e su 2.te d i n t he r eferenc e t o t he ter m 11 stay 11 , which r eference was 

actual l y co nfine d to Or ~ of ayproval or ificatio s t h ereof. Later, 

experience in t he a dr:ini str a t i on o f co de s O.. clo e~ t he n e ce ssity of e xer c ise of t he ·vo-rve r t o s t ay '? rovis i ons of co des a lready anp roved, either 

upon a.p:?l i cc:: tion to or initia tion r t he lJP.A . Consequently , tile use of 

the term 11 stay11 na s enl a rged. to incl ude modifica tions of order s of app r ova l s of co de s . The meaning of t he term 11 stay n ..-ras t hat the stay affected 

all ::J emb ers of an indust r y or r ecognized divis i ons, either g eogr ap hica l 

or industria l, a nd tha t an , exemp tion aplJ1ied to a single individual or 

group of i ncH viduc,ls. 

No adTJinistra ti v e defini t ion o-!: t he term nstay 11 ':'Tas made unt il May 5 , 

1 934 , w11en t he Administra tor for Industrial Re cover y , by Admini strative 

Ord er X- 27 , i ssu ed r ul es and r egul a tions concerning the modi fica tion of 

and e:s.eE1l)tions from approved code s of f a ir c.ompe ti tion . In Pa r agrap h 1 

of such Adminis tra tive Order it ~as sta t ed that the t e rm "exemptions" 

shall i ncl u d.e excep t i ons a nd stay s and all ruling s v7he reby an i ndividual , 

(*) Web st e r 1 s Neq I nt er na tional Di ct io nar y , Mer riam Edi t ion, 1 934 , P. 2037 

(* * ) Vo une 3 , Bouvier ' s Law Dictionary , Rawl e 1s Third Revision P. 31-35 

9844 
- 26 -

gro1 , or l . s is relc<l e' fro1. t c f 1J.ll o· er...,tioL or a provision of a 

ode . 1 i<- dcfi it'on na:-ti'1llJ c nfi.c.r:cd the already existing unoffi-

. al dofi i tion ! Gntio ed above rmd no '1?..11JG t: ereof was made in defini ·on until the i ..;U.9l ce of t.1c :·.. 01 . ice : ··mu::l in Se 1tember 1934. 

e Office ::~ u..:Il tatec , in ?art III , p . 3210 :-

' ... no ter:t1 ' sta· 1 in luJes ...,n; ru1ino ·.-.·:1 re"uy an entire industry is 

rcleaned from the full operation of a code -o.:ovision , (i.e., whereby 

a code 1)1'0'\:ision is tc.rrJornrily sus~Jend.ed) . 11 

Thi~ subsequc t definition r estricts t ' e scone of the tcl'm 11 stay11 to an 

entire industry , out st~ys issued after this official defini tion applied 

oth to an ei.ltire industry and subdivisions of an industry, so that the 

or:6in,l unofficial inte1tion of the ~pnlicntion of a s tay actually per-

_,isted . In ot~er words , the usEJ of t~ e staJ Noul d be invoked fo r the 

onstructioa :i:ndustry and the Painting and Pa-')erl an6ing J.Jivi si on of t he 

Construction. Industry , whersas an 11 exenntion 11 applied to a single inciividual or group .or class of individuals. ~he meani·1g of the term and 

the al· o e rr.cntioned limitation as to its a-oplication hac been tal(en as 

a basis for the r esearch conducted for puruoses of this report ru1d the 

resul c obt~ined froman a~alysis of various stays wi ll aDuly only to 

those stays ·:;hich were issued against entire industries or r ecognized 

divi~ions thereof . 

An .. examination of the records of tJ.1e va r ious stays issued by the 

.dm~nictr ation discloses widespread interch~geable use of the term 

0 exen:ption11 and t e term 0 stayl1 • The -o rovisions of a code would be 

stayed as to a sin~le individual and an entire industry ould be exempted 

from the provisions of tle code . ( *) The int e rcl ru1geable use of these 

terrr.s resulted in g r eat confusion as to the nature of the administrative 

a tion taken . It is true that the r esult of the action was t he same , but 

tis aruninistr tivc division lad been set uo and , of necessi ty, r equi r ed 

separc-te trcatnent . Delegations of Dovmr differed as to these forms of 

administrative action . Tl is fact requires more stri c t adhe rence to the 

defined classes of action . As a matter of r ecord, exemp t i ons we re found 

which ere in fact stays with the r everse situation equally existent. 

e files vere equally disor ganized . Proper c lassifica tion of the records 

_has been atteJiiT)ted , so that this r e-p ort v;ill be ba sed up on evidences of 

11 stays 11 as defined in the fo r egoing par agr aph . 

TYP3S OF S~AYS -----------

.he sc0rye of the use of the stay va ries as to its exten t and application . e first t~~e i kno 1n as a Gencr~l St ay - one which stayed all 

· of tr.e revisions of a code and auplicd to all members of an industry . 

This form of General Sta ?as utilized very rarely at the time of the 

original code ~<inb . (**) 

----------------· ------------- ( · See 'iRA 0rder..., 72- 13 , and rder 259- 37 

( ... *, co order of a-oproval of the ~illinery Industry Code ( Code No . 151 , 

ece.:::ot;r 15 , 1933) and order of approval of Spice Grinding Industry 

ode (Code 'o . 424, .. ay 11, 1934) 

9844 
-27-

Th use of the Genera l Stay becr..me inore v:ridesDread during the period of 

a. dr.:linis tr£' t i o"l of co des, uart icula rly 111 i th resp ect to the orders of app r oval "' of r'.rnend.~entso .f. ny nu.Jnber of ar1end.ments of codes were approved 

~' i t h <'. st a./ of t h e ') tion of tl· e c.mendmGnt provisions for a specified 

p eriod of time . The stav ."l.pplied to all members of the industry and ap:- ·. 

plied to a ll o f t h e t er ms of the a mend.:nent . T is form of stay wus us ed 

:particulc..rly L1 conn e ction v:ri th satisfica tion of due proce"'s requirements. (*) 

Anothe r form of stay was one which '.'a s ~eneral in its extent as to 

code ~) revisions covered: but limited in its a pplica tion to members of 

th8 mrtic1.lla r industry a ffected, Th is t y9e of stay was used on many 

occesions i n the order of ap'9roval of a code a nd was also used at the 

time of the orcle r of a rmrov£1.1 of c: n amendment to a code. ( **) 

A t v-_pe of st:-w iss"'..led by the Adr:Jinistrc.tion wa s sp ec ific as to the 

extent of t :"!e co de -orovis i ons cove r ed. a nd g enera l a s to the a"':'plication 

to members of the in<ius t ry or trade aff ected. These t yn e s of stays were 

found, both in orders of a:onrova ls of codes and amendme~t s. (***) . ~ ... 

(*) See t l1.e Ice Industry Code , Amendmen t 1, Order 43-1, April 24, 1934 ; 

Metal Ta~1k Indust y Code, Amendment 1 , Order 154-1, August 2 , 1934 

(**) T~1.e order of anoroval of the :DresF i:knu:a.cturi ng Code (Code No.64-

0ct.o oer 31 , 193~;;) stayed a.ll o f tl:ce p rovisions of the code as to 

ma J.1ufn ct1.rre of dress es n hose c!:1ief content vrra s cotton, both house 

anc_ rrc.sh , -oending furth e r he a ring. The order of c:.p prova l of the 

Knitted Out ernee r Ind 1stry Co ci e (Code :ro . 164- December 1 8 , 1 933 ) 

stayed. ull o f t he p rovisions o-7 t he code as to ma nufacturers of 

kni tteci outenveE..r for i nfants e.nd c:hildrer ... , sized from infancy to 

a 5 e 15, u.ntil det erinina tion of their inclusion i 1 t he code . 

(***) I n the o:cder of t h e cxpurova l of the ld ed i "L:.'Il c:.nd LO\'' Priced Jewelr;y 

f.!:J.nufG". c t uring Code ( C~de No . 75 - December 23 , 1 933 ) the -orovision 

of ~~Y'-~ r:1ent of time and one-third f or .al1 hours over forty (40) 

hours p er week to a ll e"!lp loy ees " !<:"..S stayed until March 1, 1934. 

9844 

I n t he orcer of approval of t _le Fl c:g li anufa ct'Ci!'ing I ndustry Code 

(Co de Lo . 352 - io. rch 31 , 1 934) the homevr.or k p rovisions in t:hat 

cocie :. ~e steyed f or a :~e riod of t h irty 6.ays, the effec t ive da te 

of the code . In the or der of rov l of the l abor provlslons of 

t he 13rewir.Lg Ind1.:.str y Code , t.he said. :Jrovisions were stayed for a 

peri od of ten day s . 
') 

- "" 

n 1c o m of "t·· is o u d - o• e ' hich ,..,D.,. sl)ecific c s to its 

n in c:oru "'C .i 1 ·1itn code '"'rovi~ion. c. n d. al o ; C' to its aoulication 

omt rs of industry. ( *) 

T: e se of .he uoryer of st y ·--as evid.enced i::1 various forms of adminis r~ ti ~e c.~ction b the :.A . E e President , on ba~r ' 1934 , by :SXecuti -e d.er :·o . 6723 , stayed all of the provis ions 0f the codes of the 

servic t=..·ades end inlustries exce1t cert.c.in l a or u rovisions. T'Ilis is . . an e. :.role o-: t' e exercise of the ·1oTier of general stay by the President . 

Like, .. isc, t~ e ,)Q ,er of gener ul stay n ... s exerc ised by the dninistrator 

in Admiilistr~tive Order X- 5, of Fe'brtU.l.I; 2 , 1934 . Th.e op erction of a 

prior <'d:.lL1istrative order (A ninistr ative 01·d.er v-4) ras staved for a 

T)eriod of thirt:r days and later this same orcier Y1rtc ·1er oanently s t a:; ed 

. Administrc.tive Order X-8 , da ed It:arch 3 , 1 934 . I n adcd tion, the 

·a ioncl Ir~dustrial Recover r Boe: rd, i r. Ad.rni 1istrative Orde:r X- 136- 2 sta._red 

e o:>erotion of ParaE;ra "'h 2 of Administretives 01·der .l~ 136 insof e.s 

i relcted to the code authorities or e1gencies thereof 1-1h ich '-'Tere suecificall~- set -::-orth in the said Administrative Order X- 136- 2 . 

r~.e -~d.'"linistrator exercised the power of the stay in orders of auprovals of codes , amend111ents , end other miscella eo s matters. he edminis rc:tive use of the star also is evidenced inseoarate orders issued 

o exte.1C. , terminate , or modif~r a stay theretofor e issued . On some occasions. e. se· >c.rate order was ·is.suad to sta:-y- some or a ll of the urovisions 

of a code \.':ich or<ie r, "'o.S no linked ·ri th an order of approva l of a co de 

or an aner..O! ent , but a seuarate and distinct exercise of t e ·:)o'Ve r to 

g r ant st~·~·s • . 

. 

CAUS3S OF riiE B~GK CI SE OF pc·:_,R 

OF SrAY - TIPZS OF CO ~ F OVISIOi:·s AFFECTE=D ____ _ 

AC:::inistr a ive ac ion , such as a sta, , a. be made for one or various r easons. Primarily , its ur ~ose i~ to a:~oru r elief from the equal 

applicatif'\n of code ;> revisions; to enable the adninistr ative e.gency to 

mvin ain control of and adherence to its r ules and regulations; and also 

to prevent the a:)urov ... l of code u rovisions nhi ch are not in conformity 

( "' ) In the order of auuroval of t:1e Insulation Boa rd v:anufacturing Code , 

(Co ·e --o . 3o~ - .!arch 22 , 1934) 1 e c: :pulicc;..tion of the age and ho ur 

pro i'" ions ·1as s a ~ed as o the terri tory of Hal'?ai i . In the order 

9844 

of "':? ro al of he Cotton :extilt3 Indus r y Code (Code ~o . 1 - Jul- 9 : 

19~3) t . ,.,. u rovisions r ela irr.g o lir.1i ta i on of mc.~ ine hours were 

stL.Jet:. irsofar as the applied to the p roduction of tire yarns e.nd 

f o ric fo r rubber tires. 
.-,c - IJ;:) -

with le""'al rel"]_ui-rements or declared poli cJ . The National Recovery Administr ~ tion -·~ as or esented with p roblems necessitating this form of 

ndministrative action. Some sponsoring g rouus submitted code s containin· illeco.l _)re visions. AtteT!lpts of the Administrat ion to cc:..use a deletion of t~1ese objectionable provisi ons often we e of no o.vail and in 

such c .::• sos the use of the power of stE'Y was necessary , in o rder to i? ropPrly Cl.p·)rove t~1e code , In adcLi tion, the Adm inistrat i on , being presented 

wi t.h th0 ·)l'ob:em of codificat i on of industr y a nd the n e cessity of administration thereof, naturally a nnounce d va rious polici es wl1 ich wer e designed to rr~r out the purpose of the Act 1mder which the p ro gr am was 

p roDr essins . Oftentimes code p rovisions as sucmitted d id not conform 

to the rumounced :p olic r and for purposes of consiste ~y a nd adherence 

to this polic:r it beca11e nec essary , U .. )on the part of the Ad.rninistra tion, 

to e~ercisc its ) Ower of stay. 

The lffi.A , in its odn inistra tion of t h a Act, v•!hich involved the issuance of rules and reF.;ul a.tions hc; ving t be forc e and effe ct of law, necessaril y ~. s :?re sented with and oblieed to follow due p ro cess r equirements. In the early ste.ges of t he codification of industry, all of the 

pro"9osed cocles we r e submitted ~:md consid.e r ed. at a 1)Ublic hearing . As 

the det2.ils of ad.n i ·r'listra tion i ncrea.red. vl'i t h r esvect to amendment of 

codes, inter:?retations, exenmt i ons, cla s s ifica tions, Code Authority 

rights and obligc:,_ tions, and other mc.tters, it v1as f ound to be a practica l imp0ssibility to SlJ.tm it a ll of these me.t ters, many of t hem routine, 

.to t~1e for·w.lity of a~ ub lic hea ring . The r ecognition of this p ractica l 

i m·oossioility r esult ed in the set-u-o of t he urocedure commonly ref e rred 

to as 11N'otic e of Ol)Uo r tunitv t o be heard11 • Thi s narticul a r f orm of ..:.. - 'u ..1.,. 

notice L1volve0. t he use of t he uov1er of stey. An order was signed r el ating to the pc,rti cular matter, but ~1e op eration the reof was stayed 

for a s:)ecifiecl y eriod durl ns vrh ich int er ested :oc rties could ob ject to 

the effective operation of t he particula r ma tter auproved. This form 

of ste.y ,-·as e::::tensi rel y us ed by the administr a tion. 

Tha investiga tion of the r ecords of mu. rela.t ing to stays was conduct ed r.lo:1g t no lines . Firs t, J.::he orders of a o-:p rove.l s of codes (1 to 

520 inc l1.1.sl ve) were examined and t:1e order s of a nura va l s of amendments 

of such codss vrer e also ex<: mined. Se cond, 1e r ec0rds of the following 

codes:-

9844 

Alur~ im.m 

As 9hal t. Shinel e a.nd. Roofing 

Automatic Sn rinkl er 

Automobile lianuf ct 1.rri g 

Automotive Pa rts and. Ecu.inment J. k 

Bi t umi}lOus Coal 

:Boot a nd Sho e 

:Buil de rs Su,):;;Jl Y Trade 

Business Fur niture 

Ca lifornia Sa rdine Processing 

Can hian.ufactu.r ers 

Ca:111ed Se.l mon 

Ce r p et an<i Rug 

Ce st Iron Soil Pip e 

Graphic Arts 

Ice 

Ladde r 

Lime 

Lumber P'.nd Timber 

Men 1s Clothing 

f1e n 1 s Neckwear 

};i ill ine r y 

Liotion Picture 

Motor Vehicle Retailing 

Oil Burner 

Paint , Va rnish & Lacquer 

Paperbo ard 

Paper and Pulp 
C e .t 

Ci ~ . ·" 'ttf<' c urin~ 

o.,t · cl Suit 

Co:r1strll tion 

Cotto. C-arr.en 

Cotton "e-~tile 

il' :~e'.IS• ..... .:.>er Pu'olishin.c:; 

Dres" : .. "!uf· cturinP, 

3lec .1. ic ... l ·.:anufactur ing 

Fertili:::er 

Fire ::·tin€;,lisher 

Fis'1er·· (3c sic Code) 

Floor l; Wl.ll Clay ~i c 

funeral S :--ml r 

Furni t1rre 

Gas ·)~)1 i "tnce and App::tra t us 

Glass Co:1teiner 

Silk Te::tile 

·~

Phw inc; Fi::tures 

P'unp ·.a uf cturing 

.a .. on a"'lu Synthetic Yarn 

Retail Drug 

~c ·ail :raue 

Rt.1.bbe r de nufa cturing 

lb1 10e1 lire Mr-tnufacturing 

S·lt 

Schiffli 

Set Up Paper :Box 

S ... li?buildi ng and Shinr epairing 

Stee l Casting 

Trucking 

~· olesale Tab ceo 

ffiwlesale Trade 

wool Textile 

C ... nning 

Iron and Steel 

vere ex.a.LineCi. for he uuruose of deter mining whether or not a stay ad· 

been issued ?t a time other tilcn the time of thb order of a-p-p rova l of 

a code or a~endnent c The codes examined disclosed six hundred and fiftyfour (654) orders which contained a stay ; five hundred and ninet_- eight 

(598) of sucn st130 s uer e a ·9art of orders of approva ls of codes or amendmen s allc". fifty-six (56) orders of stays were issued at a time other 

than at the time of the co de or amendment a-pr;Hovc:::l . 

!he orr.ers \Jere ex3.mi'1ed as to the particular code involved, p r ovisions sta"ed, and the r easo.1s for the issuance of these or der s . A 

classificat: o· of he Jru blems ~ores en ted shows t l e general causes fo r 

the isswnce o:.:' stays hereinbelO'Y set :orth : 

1 . 

2. 

3 . 

:::> . 

6 . 

7. 

B. 

~eog auh ical p r oblems 

Recog~ ition of u rotests 

Legc..lit;v 

: ecessit·r of further st,.ldy 

(a) by ·rnA 

1 b) by ind1.~try or trade 

Frt.d polic;.r 

Pen~ing a~endrnent 

Indus Iial subdivisi0nal p roblems 

:Jue nrocess 

Si::tee:· rdP-rs of apl)rovc...l s of co ·es stayed t e operation of the 

codes i:1 e!"ltL·P-t- for various periods of time . ( *) A few of these 

s ta s f"D ,li,:;cl. to cer a in t rpes of ,.,, nu..f'acturers; e . g ., the order of 

( * See ort"er of aopro al of the Coffee Industr Code (Code No . 265) , ne -::lirhe:.·ies ode (Code o . 308) , i ~a. onnai se Code (Code · o . 349) , 

Pe~u :autter Code (Code o . 378) , Spice Gr inding Code ( Cod.e J o . 42: • 

9844 
-01-

anuroval of t he Dress lv!o.nufacturing Code (Co de No . 64) sta~red all of t he 

orovisions of the · co de <2'..8 to the manufact<li'e of dresses whos e · chief content 

1 1.s cotton ·Je·1cling further hearing . The order of approval of the Knitted 

Out r weo.r Indus try Co o.--- c:<"t.a~rea alJ. of t he ·nro vi s ions as to manufacturers 

of knitted outerw n.r fo r infants e.nd children. In some cases the code 

was anproved for a trie perio d and sta:red fn its entirety after a certain specjfied date fo:::- )urooses of further· study or a1nendment , as in 

t.h:; or oel· of apr·roval of the Millinery I ndustry Code (Code No . 1 51) whi ch 

stayed a l l of t he -:!re visions of t he code si:;: months a fter the date of 

the or c"'..er )end ng subr'lission of r e cor11men<iations r egarding continuance 

or amen<t-:1ent of the code. s·tays of a ll provi sions of codes lfle re iss ued, 

e i ther at t~1e time of the or c.er· of a-p,1 roval o r subsequently , when ob jections ancl yro t e sts to such urovisions were recognizedt1• (*) 

The Achnini r. tro.t i on issued a number of orders of stays of amendments 

a nd the r e cords i nvestigated for the p urp oses of t h is preliminary report 

sho 1 the follo~ ing : 

Sta.vs cf t- mendJD• n t s ----- l e.bor ------------ 13 

St.--vs of &..'11 encL'!l en t s ----- code authori t 7 --- 85 

St"VS o f c:.mendrnen t s ----- t ra.de practice s 34 

The entir e operation of n.n ~nendmen t was s~ally stayed to meet 

due p rocess r equirer;.entR . (** ) In some cases aneYldments were stayed for 

reasons otl1er tl'l&.n due p rocess req·uiremen ts. (***) 

On some occasion., t:1.e a· :r ..., lic ation of a code was s tayed for the nur-

. yo s es of ef fe ctir1g a con so lidation of t hat pc-.rtic·l1.lar code vr ith some 

other code o (** **-) 

Frum tiMe to t ime el assifica tion Dr oblems a rose which were caused 

e ithe r ~r rml t ?l<= cc-5.8 covera g e or overl.:>:cp ing definit ion so The p roblems created oft en r e su lted in c.: s t ay of a co de p rovision insofar as 

certa in o·oer ati ons under tl...at co G.e y·er , c oncerned, or ins ofa r as certain 

memb ers of the ~dus tr r s1ibj e ct to that code were concerned. In the 

(*) See Administrative Or der };o. 480- 4 which stayed the op era tion of 

the Struc~ ur al St eel and Iron <..~ icating Code indefinitely a nd 

11 i t :1out ~J. e as"'ent of the industry . .. See a l so orde r of approval 

: ;oc2.ron i Code ( Code ro . 234 ). . 

(*~) See Fabrico.ted I·.f e tal Pr oduc t s Co <ie No. 84 , Amendment No.1; Reta il 

Fe.r ;·!l crll )ment Co de No. ·197 , Amendment No . l; Printing Equipment 

OoC.e ro . 257 , . .lL'Tlendment No. l. 

(***) Se e Cot t on Garment I ndustry Code l'~ . 118 , Amendment No . 15 

( ) See Wire Re nforce~ent Code, t he revisions of whi ch were stayed 

for t he uT os es of cons i dering consolida tion of the Iron and 

Steel Co de; the Cleanser ~i,_ nufacturing Code was stayed fo r pury os es of consolida tion with t he Soa~J and Cleansing l.Ianufacturing 

Co cle ; a::.16. the hia nganes e St eel Ca._, t i ng Code for the purposes of 

con s olidation uith t h e Steel Ca sting Co de . 

9844 
-32-

rien. "ll B: I :oo•·ti '1£; ode ._h . ·b7 , S tp •lerPnt :-o . 1 , the order st eyed 

the urovisions of the .. olesale un-l. Di3tri uting Trade as to mol esaler s 

of o ie:1tal r s in or~ or to permi o )eration under the Importing _rade 

Co e . ~.ece cl~s~ific~tion _roblems of en ar0se in connection it h 

terri tori ~1 nroblems , esneciall.f Vi here se1J<. r ate ter::ci to rial codes ~I e r e 

b ein COl"S · dered. (•) Likevise stevs rrcre issued because of overlapping 

code definitions. (** ) 

nr 11oer of orders of c::o .~rove ls o~ co c.es embodied administr ative 

ac ion , 1l ich . ·as i '1. the nat re of a stay , but '!ere more sweeuing and 

decisive t' [ . the ordinary form of sta~ . :hese ord rs b. their t erms 

11 elimin<J.tecl 1 )revisions from codes P1nd usually '7ere invoked in ca s es 

here tile _9articular p rovision r a n cou;,1ter to l egal ob,jections or wer e 

not in confornitr with the anaou1ced 1JOlicy of the Admin i stration . The 

effec of t~ ese orders not only stayed the rmeration , but r ender ed the 

ptr icular orovision null and void. and deleted it ·from the co de . Adminis rc...t ive :oolic an:10unced that the so- called 11merit clause 11 r el a t ing 

o the "9 rODotion of emvloyees and increase of ~ages on a mer it basis nas 

a ainst polic and ir. several ca~es the merit clouse set forth in the 

code as eliminated. (***) 

Provi 3ions affecting the rights and obligations of co de autho r ities 

also felt tne ef.~.ect of !!elimination. If 

Administrative objection to Afuninistration members of a co de authority being auDointed without exoense to the indust17 ~as f ound t o b e 

objectionable in the Foundry ~quiument I ndustr y Code -o . 264, so the 

order of a).._oroval 1elimina ed11 the 11ords 11 ni thout e~-pense to the i ndusry" . I~ the same code labor policy objected to an exc eption f r om maxi -

mum hour ) revisions rhi ch included members of the staffs of execu tives, 

executi es , and other suecified em:91o~rees . he r ecognit i on of t h i s 

objec ion res;.lJ. ted in eli'"lination of the ter ms 11member s of the i r r e spective -st.:ffs" . (*"'** 

(* See Or '.er i-o . 446- 4 relating to persons engaged in canning uinee.p )le c.nd ca··1 manufacturing in Ha·'7ai i. i'ffiA files 

(•*) See Or~ers :Tos. 287- 2- and 288- 2- A relatin~ to confl1c bet een 

the :-CTIS)aner Publishing Code and the Grc.phic Arts Code . 'NRA file's 

("' * See Orr1.ers of' anurovals of he Boiler ~anu£actuxing Code o . 38 ; 

:Ooot a.<i Shoe I ndus trv , Code .-o . 44; Hotel Indus try Code No . 121 ; 

:- r: .. cet,rlcne I dustr Code ·;o . 155 , and t.he order of apurova l of 

the Bi tu.Iiinou£ Qo al Co de -o . 2.,;, , v1here a 11 ·1ei ghing" clause was 

eliinina ed. ::R::.. files 

( ''"") It sho ld be o .ed that . ns or de r elimineted l_)arts of a code 

uro-·ir, ·on rathe~ :~.an h~ en tire :provision itself. For a r eco ni :on of objections to labor orovisions, see a l so the or der 

of ao roval of the S eel Joist Industry Code o . 495. NBA fil e s 

9844 
- 33-

Trade ractice policy often r equir ed t~e exercise of the nouer of 

eli~inntion •ith r es9ect to tr a~e p r ac t ice 1rovisions. (*) Ali of the 

<'cove e::~af:'l_i?les contained c:l:1uses or ·Jortions of clouses nhich if per -

oitted to r e1.w in i n the codt"; would have co nflict ed wi th legality or 1e 

p olic of t~e Adrinistration r elating to l abor and trade p ractice provL ions, ~iRA. insigni a~ and. the ·li1{e , c.nd as a result , t h is l.10'7er of 11 elimi nat~.o 11 , vrhich \7o s i n the n:1.ture Gf a stay , was exercised by lJRA. . 

TYPES 02 CODE ROV IO JS SUBJ:iCTED TO STAYS 

The use of t h e power of s t c>.y covered ractic ll~r ver r t )rpe of 

eo de p ro vi sian submitted to I~ - l abo r, co de aut:wri ty, trade practice 

and 0 ener a l rovision ~ 

LABOR ?ROVISIONS 

An examinat i on of t he code provisio?:ls sta;;red , discloses some r ather 

interesting inform ti n~ The use of t he 1e r of st&y oy the Adininistration wc:s r~ost usuall'r ·r?~J lied to trade r:> ractice p rovisions , and. in 

a l e sser degree to l abor evis io ns of codes. Of the latter, the maximul!l h0ur and minimum rr£'~8 ·orovision of co des were the ones most u sually 

stayed, but the vG.ri ous f:;8::1er c::.l l o..b or provisions likenise met v7i th the 

exercise of thiF1 adn i nistrati ve por:er. Tabul atio::1. of the reco r ds i nvesti go.ted. r el ating to l a bor provisions shou s the following : 

(*) Se e or cl.er of auprova l of t h e Hors eshow and Alli e d. Pro ducts Code 

9844 

~~o . 325 (:._J rice list p rov isions) ; Bulk Dridcing Straw Industr y Code 

iTo , 1 ( u nciers elling clause ); Bever a"se Dispens er a nd Equi pment 

Cccl e o~ ~4 (sa~.s s contr a ry to ·oubJ.ished p rice list clause) ; Out icc:.l -n.J.o les·'le Co,-;.e :Jo. 448 nif~r 1 ~s co ts); l:i:etal Hat Die a~d 

ITood Eett Bleck I 11C.u"'try Code !To . 221 (cl a-~ses regu.lating the use 

of ~ffiA i :r;.si g nia) ~ Cigar Container .Ir. dustry Code No . 1 35 , Amendmen t 

~o . l ( Code Authority contributions claus e ) . ~ files 
- :54 -

S ... :AYS :::' Ll :B _ ?ilO Sl)!-S OF COD.;;JS (*) ----------------

t~~inimum l ng c;;co --------------------------------------

.. i nimUM ( n.eo~ r hi a.l <' r ~,. ) ------------------

t:inim -'! ( InJ s rinl subdi · ioion) ------- ------

axim~1 -------- ------------------------------ .a:~imur.1 :1 tu s ( ... eo..:>TP'Jhicc:>l £.re ... ) -----------------

~ aximJ.m .1" "\l.J.'S (Il"'dnstrial subdivision) -------------

Defini ions of t•roes of emplo. es ------ ------------

Home -,or,c "?. ovi : io·1s ---- --- --- - --- -------- ---------

Child labor l_) r ovisions --- ----------------- - --------

ieee 1 ate --------------------------------·--------

~ethol of r. ·~ent of ~~~es ------------------- ------

Handicc) )ed 70r -ers ----- --- - --------------------- -

Equitable o.djustme"lt of 1ages ---- --- ------------- - -

_•o . OF ST~ YS 

22 

4 

4 

23 

1 

3 

2 

8 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

est of the stavs oi t he . aximum hour end minimum age -p rovisions 

er e ace as a result of protests b•r interested parties, either the 

wages r:e:.~e too high or too J.o·:1 . This f act is :Jore stron l y borne ou t 

by the a ove t~ble sno~ing auministretive recognition of difficulties 

as to .reo.c-ra·1l1i cal sections of an i nch.1.strv Pnd a lso industrial divisions 

hereof. The stnvs of home nork ) revisions were t he r esult of labor 

p olic· as a.nnouncea. b;v NRA , CIS Vlere the 11 elimina tions 11 rrhich 'Jere mostly 

deletionr: o: the so- ce lled 11 rit clause 11 • All other stays of labor 

p rovisio·1s .1ere gr anted because of exce·9tional co nditions existing in 

the i 1C..ustr-r C!i.ld the need for "l}c\rticu lar relief fron the operation of 

he particulr r ·1r o isions. 

·.:hen the President issued cn..:-orceoent of an order of approval of 

a code , oroblei11(' in its ~ dmini c tn. t i on -::-ier e e~q>ected and. , as the codificatio:1 of industries uro,c,;1 essed, v· .rious po licies . ere announced to 

meet the dif~iculties seen at that time . I n ad<iition , the National 

Industri~l 3ecove~ Act imuos0d certain requir ement s upon he Adminisr ation c..s to the truly r epr esenta tive nature -:rithin the industry of 

persons or <srou:ps narticipatin, in the fo r Tllulation of the code . (**) 

The enforcemr nt of these l egislat ive requirements ~~d p olicy announcements . e . e so . .1 etil!les evi<ienccd b~ s to.ys of code autho rity :!} revisions; 

i. e . , t : ~ co<ie ~':> ovisio~s rrl icn created the code autho r ity as an indu!J r ial ao. 1L1ist0rin~ body •i th certa in rights thereto and ob ligations 

thereon. T:! e t · ... -)es of code a tho ri tv provisions s .1bj ected to stays, 

insofc_r <:."' t h e investigation fo r ·-.urnoses of t h is r eport is concerned, 

.er e : 

( "' In u.c .i .l.O!"_, it ho lid be no e<.l that thirteen (13) amendments of 

labor n rovi"' ions '7er e s ta: ed nd seven ( 7) Heliminat ions II of l abor 

provi,..i r-· ~s or ?arts thereof were issued. 

( ** , ection 6 of he Act 

9844 

(' 

( 
- '"5-

TYP:-8" 0F CODE PROVISIONS 

l!:lectio'Yl of Code uthori tY - ..1: na tici·or.~ ~ tion 

of tr.-.cte as.:-ocio.tion ----------------·- --------------

Insibn i L -----~-- ---- ---------- --- ------ -- ---- -------

Reports <nd. s ch eo:ul e s . ·-------------------------------

ode authori ~r finances -·-------------------:...--------~ 

Lia ili t~ of code authority --·-------------------------

Incorporation of code authority ----------------------

L&bel ·o:·ovisions ---------------------------- ---------

:::.justmcnt of Dages above the minil.rmm - coC..e 

a th0ri tv Jronosal -·--------------------------------- - ~ -" 

Code authori t -r JOv:ers of classifi ca tion 

(a Indnst.ria l or trade ------- --------------------

( *) (b) Ge r· '.~_, hical - ---------------- ----------- ----- -

l~UMBER 

3 

l 

3 

81 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

· Legal ob jec tions (the r equir einent r.; of Section 6 of the Act) caused 

the stays of tLe code authori ty election :!Jrovisions in the three cases 

tabulateC: above . Th e stays of t he la·bcl, incor,Jorat i on , liability and 

insignin ~ovisi ns above not ed, p revent ed t h e conferring of excess 

p ower upon tl:l e . co de autnorities involved. All of the code authority 

finance p rovisions, ro• iLh tne exceu tion of nine (9), were stayed in 

order to me~t c3.ue precess eC2_u r~ment ; tne r enaining nine (9) provisions TI"ere s taJeci nsof.:.- r c.:s Paragr, ._9h 3 of _(;..'llini str a t i ve Order X- 36 

(relating ' to assess:r1ent s upon t he major line of business of a member 

of indu:::: tr:·) .:F ... s co n ce· ned. The st ays of· co cle aut hority p rovisions 

relating to classifications uere t :1e r esult of p rotests b y the several 

A<ivisor;cr :Bo a rds of the Ad.n hlistr a tion. 

_'r.t..AD:::.; P:2.ACTIC:::: ~OV!:S OIS 

Tro.de :·? r n ct::.ce ~.Jvisio :..1s of a co de :.. nvol v-ed verious tr_Jes of 

trade r egLliati on3 e Tr ~d e ctice es ca n be classified as follows :-

(a; rul es bener ally accented in l aw 

(b ) rules clesirable to nclu str~r or trade, bu t not fully 

a ccep t ed in l aw 

(c ) r 1.1les desirable, but no basis in l aw 

( d) lJlldesirable rules 

(e) unenforce abl e 'J~e s 

Tl:le hopes of i ndustries and trc.~. s in t he sponsorshiy of codes 

were hi.;h. I t wo.s e:JC9ected by -nan7 members that the a:9proval of the 

code wo·J.ld resLU t in t he sol u tion of a ll their i ndu strial or tra de 

t r oubl es. Consequently , tra de pra ctice rules in all of the above classifications nere s ubmitt ed and strenuously urged by code suonsors. The 

ea r l y prorm:u gation of codes for a ck!10''rledged reasons of exp e diency and 

the sincere atte::r1pt to effectua te ~ e irnme:diate reemplovment of American 

l abor resu~te d in the inclusion of undesir[ ble and unenforceable provisions i11 codes. As AdBinistra tive e x-p erience increased, va rious 

(*) These nere t wo eliminations of code authority provisions, both of 

which related to objectionable fea tures of the code authority finance phas e of administra tion . 

9844 
-· 6-

n r e Uih .. ia cd tin t:. .~cope o' · ccc:9tab~ G trade 

e rovi~.:..o .• \! .ic. pol: ies r;: n co: t:·a.J o - f'o·-m of the 

prori_.'on::::. cor:• ·ned i:r t.L.e ·bo•!e ~en imed ec""l,r co'.cr . l'hif c:;itua-

... ion c~ sed "JOn ors to . t::-e . ..., t .e · j_" os i tio· ,ore r tron. 1 ~ncl 

o to · · t f · · r del ete t .• .:: p~ .. :;:t ~cul~l.r objec iona le 

• ctice ro··ir ion. . In .-d it ion, t~.e de .-lo ment of Adn inise :cequL.vd t .. i. itiC'.t.:.on of va. iou.<J studies and i:tv ::::.t i~at i n .• to dctenlinc t' e V!"'luc of p rt .;.cul tro.d.e :prcc t ice rules, 

theL effect u· on b.al- en r_). i::::.~; , co. f"'....:n .·n , 1 .-,bo:c enC.. othe:..· int~.::. en ted erouo.., t c tc!!1dcncie,..., t -..·eof t.o•-ra_rc r r.10n 10 ~; , price fixing 

.n o .e evil anf al"'O th ar"minis'~:;,·a ivt: p::-oblcr::c; p··. s ntecl . In 

::::.1 ort , c use o "' ..... t~y in co"lncction ''it:. trac ... p:cactice :provisions 

c ·riec" ott t. G At ... in· st. [l.tion t c:; ciet\.,;:.."Ulinat ion to a ll.,_e:te to announced 

}JOlicies <;, far ...,, !JOS"iblo , t~1e.·eb~r overric'ing: o 'jectJ.ons of ind.ustr, 

o · groups t. c.eof, ,....,_ n.t the nc..Jc tiuc o:1forc eG. th'3 o:~c.inary rcau· re_,ents of c.::.c ···- i tro.ti ,, 1<'. ·· . '::.' i" e"·r:>r cise of fo·~er ght G..iO.. not 

obtai i;1 t~ .. e cc-scs of c.ll eccles ,'"'.nd , a: "· r e"'ul t , t:1e 1JO"er of taJ 

'7n.s e:·erci"cd at · . ti~.e ;ub"'eaue , t to :.3 '::0· ::-ov ---1. o:r::o ~. code u: on a 

s'.o··rin- to or finC . .:.n~ b·r :-::1. t!.C\t t:k "?r:·tlcul<'..:· r "~v:· ov ... d co<ic or provi::::.ion thereof '"as rCJculti"l· :n unrearo1.:-·blo c>.n0. 1.mfc-.ir au:::--lication . 

?er: aur. a co.~rect c:o :roach to a stuc:.· · o: nt...,·;s of trade uractice - - "' 'J -

provi.:io:.c ·.:ou::..o ·..;e an e ::'); i:nati n of t~1e .... C? .... icul~:: code p:rovisi0'1S 

affected bea:·in,:: i 1 :ind tl.e clc..scificati o· of tre.C .. e ~J re.c ice 1-ule::::. 

<"C +-' . '" • , ~ t'. b t' (*) .. ...t t .. or,.! .. 1:1 .... c o .;n1:1~ :pn.rc:.t;l'a;')l ... o:r 1s s u cec 1on . ....o a~, en:p 

hac bee:1 Lc.c.e nt l1is tirJe to cl[l.s if·r t he vc:1rious tro.d.e ura.ctice ~ ... 

r;·lea, · , t .~-· ... :; rec-ul .., of t!i.e invest 1_;3.t i on s o--·s ct7:rte.in t~r.pL of 

rc..d.e :prcctice nrovi .... io:1s .;llic . c-c. 'been su1je cte6. to c; tays, all of 

<nic ~ ~~bul...,tt...Q c-c follo· s :-

NO . OF STAYS 

Rl::S le :9rice i,le,LJ.t- ,~nee---- -------- -- ------ --------- 10 

:tequ · re.ae ... t of c ~ r-in, tr2.ns .:.o:~t P.t io:'1. costs to r1erchan t--- 3 

'0 

_T 0~1 , 'b'.. 1t,10a . 0 f l .t:' • t • 1 F"'~ e 0~ CXJ.S 1~~ rt oc~----- ---- ---------- --

( :~.;.s t::-.... r"' D'-3rch.·"n ·,ire) 1 . .., . d f d t . . . ' . f+' t . 1 1 .et o o e t...rrrnn1'1.' .... pr1ce e:.1 .eren 1"'~. '" ------------------

Defin1 tion of 1 t~~en c_ ortatio·1 c:1...,.rges fro~ \1:1ol 3so.lcr 

o cu::::.torJcr" ------------- ----------------------------- 1 

?revision for pc-'TJGn of voluue a llopances to retail stores 1 

:S;tabli~hrJe!1t of <iiffo:;1ential di~cour.ts bet ·;een ·;·: ole~c-. erv 

~ ot~~~ c:~s~es of urcl~s rs--- -------------------- 2 

n price filin '":·stems---------------------------------- 19 . . . . . ' 

oocll n .... pCrlOC - "')~,..;!1 rice .. "·ster. ---- ---- -- ------------- 183 

~le~s -- --- ----- ------------- -- --- ------------ 5 

- ro .i i tion of cl."l!l terRtion r> d r .is .. rf! . .n ·.in-- --------------- 1 

:"ro· ision prohibiti"'lf'; co11tr.:?..cto·· to cut ~r. o:·i-:l :or 

n~1ufact~e _ ~~ •. ent -- ----------------- ~--- ------- 1 

.erc e~tr e linit·ti ~ u on r ~i- n.ice-------------------- 2 . ... -:ro-, .:.ci n · ncor- o=.: t.:.n, .: e 'e"< 1 Fooc CJ~c . ..1-;:-:r A t----------- 1 . . ..... . . ... u 

• ro 1v on 1::1n:; ...... --11 1 c i .... c --·.tc rn0. t3:~1c; of >: le------- 15 

• o··ision · cludi:.::; L. lo:,.-cec; t cont:;.·act iL .:.:;.tc.r..:~:·ence 

~·it". co . eti tor.. co .. t--._ c ~~~ clll. ,se- ----------------- 1 

·o· 1. • 0 ,., e . .. • . r t - ~ ... .~1 .. ~1 -· •. aJ ~:...~.n.c u:..·er to C"'u··-e··t 1·en·,le ni:1i3 

9844 
- 37-

P rol i b i t ion o1 recc i }?t 1f r; c r i :p fo r :payment of m..:; rcl1C'n d.ise -

ProLi b i t .:. on ag a i n - t tli~t- ib t'Jrs Ul1 -:_ .-·o llir.. ~ jotte r""------

Froh i.- i tion of G"1l en co .. 1tro.ry t o nub ] iohel'. _p r i ce listo - ----

F ·ohi b i t i on of p :- c~uct. hw_ o:': c1.1.s t oJt1-·I;lacle go ods cor.Tp?.vr able 

I t o rt2n~ard noints---- - --------- --- - - - ----- - ------ ----

Uniform co:no.i tions .~ s...,l e and :J~"vhoC.s ( f cs tina~es Cl.n cl 

ouo t atior.s ------ ---- --- -- - - - - ------------- - - -------- - - Dc f il'lition of 11 c o·1tr ac t ort1 ___ _ ______ _____ ___ __ ____ _ ----------

F i:-ed nL1imum terw:~ o·~ ,)fl.l e - --- ---- ------------ - -----------

L:.:Ji te.t i on of crecli t T'e :tiod on veT~J e··· t nur cLose<>- - ------

FL,ed. e t i mo t e f onml c:-.- -·-- ---- - --- ---- --- --- -------- --------

Frohi ition of f u ture les 2nC dol ive r ie s 

. ( requirem3n t of r e:9ort ) ------------ ---- -------

3.e qui:cemen t of <"-~ ·~·e : 1en-t be tr·ee n j oo·o e :-s .::-.nC. d.i s i ·ou tors 

l t o fi e _p rice r. G:wC:Lll es i:1 a c c or o.a.l'l.ce VTi t h c ode- -------

::-:e c"t:i ron ent of .:~ rcouor:.t t o r 3se l l i n a c c o rG.o.nce ~; it . 

code yrovir io·:s- ---- --- --- - --- - - --·- --- ----:------- ---- --

Pro ibi tion of o~ at io:1 of ) :-.:.. c e::: o J:: :1e::.· t:1r.n f . o . t .f c:.ctory 

Spe ci:.-.1 :..·ules r eg.:-..::.·d. i n "o i dG to gove:::r...:.:cc.t .:.ll ez-::e:lc i Gs---- - -

Proh i o i tion of ~) :;18 a:nc_ ]?:C-eLl i U: 1----- - - - - --- - - ---- - - --- - -

Prohioition of llb:.>:-a.;: ,::-_10. t 02:c rr c:o.n . o d i :: tr:ibuti on- - -

Prol: i .b i t ion of 2 s S 1JJ.1p "t ion o£' con s e qu e nt a:. .J 1a{ es- ·-

froh i b i tion of fuT.:i s::in:; d.2 tai le :::. shop clralfi nf;s of p rouucts 

ProLi b it i on of :::\l:t i'~i rl in;-; S~LO_p cl r nrrLlf "' Pi t .. lOU t c;lc:.rge - - - - -

P r oh i o i t i on of cles t:-uc t i ve ·ori ce cut in .· ---- --~- -- -- -- --- - j 

Pro hi b it- ion of ll p ool ed bu ~- ~~----- -- -- --- --------- ---

P roh i o i t ion of II tracle -in ll al:'..0178,!1 GS -- -- -- -- ~---- --­

P rovisions s c: t tin-" fo:--tl1 :9 r ')p e 1.· tr[td.e m::1.rk :;.~ul :=s --- --- --

Pro.i:i bit i on of d.is:.: en:inat io·1 o: a. ~L'".3 i ::~ or! w.t i on :i.~ d. ing 

:_o roduc t s-------·--- - - - ---- -----· - - - - - - - - - - --------- - -----

Proh i b i t. ion of on ~~ i -:nr:e11t >:-' l e s---- - --- ----- --- - --- - -- --- -- - . P rohibitioL of e~ ~t o~ br: ach of c ont:-nc t ------ - - - - --

Provis ion ... u rolli b i t i n2 .._, Dc.l e s ::. i1 ~.i ~ o: c oC..e - --- ------- - -

! :e.nc'_at or v re cmil'eDe nt of re .:: is t:i. C' t i o::1 of c- ~-=m t s , clis- ... .... . ·-- tribu tors , e t c.-- --- - ------ - - ----- - - - - - -------- - --- --- - -

Pr ovision ~e rD i t t i :ng free E'.clvi co em-:. co -: 1: l tc;,tiOT!. s ervic e s 

to ·ourchns ers- ----- --- --- - -----:- - --- ---- - - - - - - - - - --- - ---

P r ohi bit i on of HJS O.L _ot ion of in s~oe ct i or" chc:.r t:;e G----- - --·----

Prov i sion :e Jpti ~ sn:;.es to ex) ort :~e. -'---- ------ --

Un i forTJ acco·;r.1t int, ...... n ( c os t - :E inc.:'. ing s '-' S e~1 --- ----- --- -·

Pro1li bit i J r: of s"t)E.rc:m t -:; es- ------ - - --- - ------------- - - - - - --- -

?roJ.libi ti o:1. of r cnt "' l of ·ororlv.cts- - - - - - - - - --- - - - ------ -----

p - . , . +. ... . J.. t . . . ' roh lO l ,.lo:: o~ o.::.s co m J:; e xc"'p c2 "'.~1 Cl': co··:.n ·cs------- - - - - - - -

E'-'t nb hnc~1 t of w uni f orm a.~ ~l c- c on t rac t--- - --------- -- ~ . 

Prov si oi. J. r e quirin; :_ouolic2.t ion of pri ce3 ov er ~ ins tall at i o:1 01' p r ocluc t s- --------------- - - - - - - ---- --------

P r oh i b i t ion of a.l loF.::nces :"or ad e~·t i sing- - --- ------ ------ - · 

P ro'1ibit io"l o:!" attac:i.L18ilt of _lffiA l a'be l to e sament not 

:·.1a cLe 'lli'lde :i.' t :1e c od.e------ - - - - - - -------- ----------- - - - - -

TOTAL 

2 

1 

2 

l 

l 

1 

8 

, 

.L 

l 

1 

6 

2 

15 

8 

3 

2 

9 

3 

9 

5 

11 

8 

6 

1 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

l 

7 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

1 

1 

403 

u of t he acove lis t 0 1. a~e :p r nc tice p r ovis i ons we re st[\.yed 

t hr ough the p r ocess of ll e l i !:lination . 11 Th o se p r ov i s i ons rrhi ch vm :re s o 

e limi nat e d a r e a s f ol l orrs : 

9044 
ce--- ------------------------- -.x cL r.coun t ... - .. -- ·-----·---------

;. .le., ~ _ · f ·t ~1 1 t ~lj -rc:..· .i..us----

c ntrt"'i'·- n v ioli:-; ":!C't. uricc li'"t- ~ . . mci~;;:·se:lL.,- jo-....b :rs 1 y d.l:--. t_~it'l"':.Oi c:--

- ::-o ·i .... ion • er;1i J.tir. _ o_ .. i 1i .L::· ~ f.!> 1 0 0rice 

Inclu ... ·on of ... 'J.1.0 "'cs l ... ont:·['c"';s i~ 11 inL.r:(rC':"..ce - .. ·;it. CO u"'OE-ti o:·:::; 1 CO:Ltr~ct 11 cl~ .:> -- - ----- ---- --··--

Inclusion of Fecieri'.l :!'co.~ ·1 :::> • '€ ... i.e L ______________ _ 

-. o-; is :.o . proLi: it i ·lb ~d-u..l. te ;-u,t · o: E -r~ r.1 is' ra.nd.inc- - -

l 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

It s O'..l.lC: be note:. f:..~om t' • .: ~-.;o vc t£'.bulr.tions t;l~t :1ost of the 

redo ractice p~ov:uions st ~e~ rJlat~ d to !rica p_ ovisions, c it or 

1 ~ th rc .... ucct to .i·-:i. .'JJ1 nricrs, l~ sale n r:. cc r. r~in t' nance , ma.xir.mm dis- - .. .. CO liltS ~ <! _rms or SD.lC: or 0": ... ?:". ~y•~ic ~ filin s~rr.t-~1S . ,he t a.b l f'tion - . - of "'ro;ic-irms I LlC. orrl'n"'ril" ·::;u.l<i -0- clcssi:i cd ['S de- - ~ 

cr.forccr~.blo ; ro ' '"l.cl.U:te:~rtio. ['Tid !"1if.brt>niing clc~uses -

in .. er_ i~encc , it 1 ~ 10 1::rs 1 C(>:rtract . ExC?;'"'li:!atiol'l of t:.-~ stc>y'1 of tl esc 

Pa rticula. "O- ovisioas disclose'"" t:Y'J. t:1G :-t2..· · \!, ~- iscued not ·oecause of .. ~ 

t e };-"'..lrpo!"'e .... of tnr> uarticular :.Jrovisie,:-. "but rCJthc· t:.et. the u""'ovision 

a~ im:!'lroperly drt>-~to~ -a:~ too s t1 in;;ent or e::tr>n_, i vc in its scope and 

•. pulic~tion . !ict1.o"s of obt2inin~ 1miforD ·rices, o:- rt lea.st info r.1a ion 2s o he cost , eq~l}_y fell u...11de. t~ ir. P,avr: l of ad:niniftr'3.tive 

ac ion . Unifor~ U)Gt s:r<: c~c, oetb.ods of e....,tirJetin::; 2nd. auotations -rere 

<-ubni J.tod b vario•1s cod,., s::>on~ :-i;.: ·i~0u:9s , but f.'"l'.Ci1 conte:-2-olc .. ted -orovisions -t>n c!.f01l of cit:-:.er t: l c.r-al or pol:.c:r requirc:1 nts of NRA. 

r esul"in; i;'l o. st:-·· of t: ... e _:J ro isirm. 

:he CY?'i!l.atior.. of r.e rc cord'1 o: the t. r ad<:. practice urovisions 

u' jsc ct. stUJ-;. d.ic" '1.nt in :Ul caf.os disclos":) :..~easo::ls crhy the pa.rtic.ula.r s ayr. ~1-"'..G. 1 ·.::n c. , lioC:. . L1 :1clc-itinn , t::.e .:-.uthor has not had an 

apport- Y!.ity to ·ulJ:" o::--0lor, r-ll o • "'.;J.::: r, co:..(;:s .r-:latin::- to t hose 

v ;: ·io"t:s s n~ c , hoJc-- r , ~OM'"' o: ths f'.i.lcr; .:m' orders c:~,:u-:in8 d did G.in -

closo snn rec:son:> C''l<l,for nu:--0oscs of t .. is ·~c··.,ort , c rtc-.in c l?s ificatio~1'"" f ..~. ~r-:~on.., ·_--,c ·oG-'0:1 i·1::.c'.~ c~ ::. tc.b ll'"l.tl')'" t:._:.~.::of sot fortn, 

.. ic: -• ;es 30!,1~ -pict :tr- of ··r:r· :T.) r::e:-ciscri t'Lis 

rc .cC.:,- . 'I' ..... 3.b· ·ti0:n i'" ns :ol.o.-'"' : 

Fo · { rrt r in·.resti··,ttion- -----··-- -----·-------------------

:'or ·'"... t rninf..t ion o: r.c:.·,i;,.:J. ili t·.r of '\J":~ova.l L • • 

of code ~~o ··s·o ~s -- -------------------------------------

O!lr.i ·a ·a· ior and c".c.:te: .. ::l.n:l.tin~l b · ::u----·--------·----------- on .... ider..,ti01. of o· ject · onr to ·1 ovi i')ns- - - --- ------------·-

St .. ,.;s r ~uJ. in-; f:-o!il e!ler;.l ~~ .·1.,--; initi;: .t~d. bv J:? -------

: er in 'CP ie:~tio"l r'.ld :.'3arin -----------·- -------------- -

? -.;di:l : co ')f _ode o.ll~~. )l'i t~- ------------- ---------

r------------------------------------ ct--------------··----------------- ------

:-t i r ~dditio·:!'ll · ... "' :0r st '.:~ --------------- • - • • .&' 

• enc.1n ~u ... 11.;:::;1 o _ cv · c.c.1cn b·:- i 1i'u:; :·"J----------------- - -

::'en · · .£; ><'lti •f ... ct0:. .. ·~ c - o ..... t fo · con· ifcnt'ial trc.o•tne"lt 

- -3E?. 

7 

2 

2 

8 

183 

5 

1 

75 

1 

1 

14 

o ~~·ce in~o-: ----------------------------------_ ___:.:;:._ 2 _ 

TO':AL 306 

9844 

,. 

' 
- 39-

It i s r .-:-li zcc' t ' -."t ;h··· r"r: ove .r;c e~:nl cl "' ns:ficc.tions of l~ sons 

C'.o not r.'101.~ th:; ·our-o0:;cr; of +,11..:, ''i'11I'v1'.r:; l' i nvc ;ti r; e..tions and. i.1oaring 11 , 

Lle lf .,tu ._ i er. initic t eC. o_· "T3A ur -~ >_:> ob,je: ct j_ onn oe inc conside r ed . 

In s O .. lC asc s OP.r t l c·~ c:-:.~ c il~ '"J2 .s t ~.n e ~ n['y Lav e. c:~ i n Jce Cl. in ·oa:;:t i cular 

in _u,_,t ri cs · hi~h :..' q'J.ir -.:;c ::. 1.u:·t :i1G r stuc,_y- or invustign.ti01 . ( *) To C.c lve 

int o t:1esc r c a<Jons , a furt;l. r n.ncl mo ~e c ::h:1.ustive st_ucy IilUSt ·o e conclu t ed . 

The e.bovc t abul :'.t i on sho-!S sorv; onr.; w~ dr C:. rnc. eiGht:r- e ight (188 ) 

trc.<ie :prc:.cti ce p r ov i sions 3 tc..;;"Gc.._ pe caus c! of s t u<ii e s be ing c onduc t ed by 

NRA . Tl10 majori of t iw s e stn. Ts· :tJlc:-. te c".. to t l1o wait i ng :p e r i od bet,"Teen 

·1~ tL1e of f ili n,;:; of :p r ice liP. ts ni ":h 0 coCce autl1orit y anc1 the e f fe ctive date of ruch p :tic:- l ists . Offic..: Or ce r ~To .63 , i ss'..le d b~r the d ir e ction of tL.e Afu1 i nis tra tor on J <:.LYD.li..:.r y 25 , 19 34 , annm.:mc e d. th .t a 

s t ud.y as to :p r ice ch::m&c s ·.-,<: ·.S being: ,_1c:.de ;:m e'. t l:.at coC.e p rovisions r e -

l atins to open :price associP.ti nns \·:ou l o. c e s t aye d. in t he orde r of 

approval of t he cocl:J . The s c one of tr~i s orC::.e r ~·J as l a t e:c nodif i ed, ( **) 

but i ts r esult \'!2.S ~. c r\:] at nu,.1b e r of str-ys of thr; uai t i ng pe riod provis i on of ope n p r ice s~. :-as . 

It i s of int Gl'est to not e ~1a t e i -:sllt een (18 ) stc-.y s of trnde pra ctice :)revisions '.10:re i s>ue cL, .r:;. ic l ::os t p o!1e :.'_ tl:e eff e ct i v e el a tes of 

f a ir t rade practic e 9rovisi ons .( ***) 

The inve sti g at i o:r:. of t he re c or d ei of stays of ade p r a ctice provisions discloses t i1e."'v nost of th.s s ';; ays nor e i ssued. a t t :'le t ime of t h e 

order of ap:9roval of t :.,_r; co G.e ancl t h a t in S 1 l Ch orG.e r s e ither one or 

seve r a l :;? rovis i on3 of t :.'le c oC..o 1!8 :-co a f f e ct e d tl:e r eby . It is furt her 

dis closed t l12.t tYTO hundred pn:l e i :ht (208 ). code s , p r ac t i c ally h a lf of 

~1e c ode s exer:1 i ned, con t C' i n od. c.. s"'v a::r of t r a de p r :-.ctice :prnvis ions in 

t he orde:::- i f app roval of the cccie . A l ist of sTh8h c ocle s i s se t forth 

in Appen di x I~ . 2 , h e l'Gto at t e.che o .• 

TI: IT: 0: T_.~.r:c:; Cf STAY 

Ji.s s t !".te0. i n Chn.p t e :.:- I V, e.n t "' , the p O"e r of st2.y pas exe rcised by 

the .A.dr i n i str a ti an a t tir:;.e s otLer t ::1o.n t he t i ne ""f the order of a~pp roval 

of t h e code and :n e:;t ati n Y:as c'.i:re c ted t o ce:.. n c odes to· study 

oro.e r s of s tay s i ssue d. a t a ti r. e sub sequ ent to en o:::-CI.er of 2.yp roval of 

ti.1e c ode . The e.:DY.l i na tion o.i s c l ose s t:l['.t 11 ost of su ch s t ays ha d been 

i ssue d a s a re sult of 2.".9~J li cat on bzr e. p a r ticu l ar indus t r y or ·trade 

a n C'L t hc:.t e cocle p r ovis ions fl.' o:.1 ~li l r e l i e f rra s s ought r ef e rred to 

ma ximw.1 hocrrs or mi:li!:lum ne.ses, a l thou..gh a feu S".lch orde r s of s t <w rel a te c1 to re lief f ro:-1 trP.cle :02..·ac t i c e l~ sio . Th e s chedul e s e t fo r th 

( *) Tl e orde r of c: ,~T) ov l of L te ~: ti 1 Pi c ture Code , Code No .124, 

a~rec'c c e r·L'.?.i n t:t C'.C'.e ~J.. n. tice p r ovis ions re l ati ng to t:he pf10rment of e xcess i ve s a :!..arie s t o e xe cut ive s ncl ot}1e r emp loy ees . 

Th i s ·o rovis ion affe ct e d t J.1e :; c-..,l ari es of mot. i 0n oic t ur e s t 21.r s ~ ~ 

9 84 4 

ancl t he "'e ct of t he l i r:li t a t io·1 u:pon t he s e s c::.larie s \v~s unknov.m at ~ _e t i l·1e o: t:1e cc ' of C:\9 ::~ov l of the code . As e. 

r esult, t he -o:covisi on .-;:>.s ~. d until I:RA. had. en Oy:p or t u.."Yli t y to 

investig ate t i'1e effe c t s of t he p rov i s i on . 

See Off i ce Onle rs E: . 63- A a nc"t. G3- = - J an:u.B.rv 2 7 , 1934 .NaA File s . 

See Orde r J o . 4 7- 3 t a.7l~ 3 Code - Orde r :To . 45(] -2, Op tica l 

Retai l e Code . lEtA Fil e s . 
n 

a d 

no 

a 

3 . o i . ol;.. .r c ete:-:-.1i i· ~ t" c c.: des 

·:<ilCGL. J.Or t .. e gr[tnt· of 

• ., :: rr an~- he Cult e .. t r l.r t ir.rr -hereto dis1i".e1·· to be <>uo:ecv..J to ~.t: ./<" ..,t a~:~:- V .. r:1e 

of i G ap,: .. ov['l.1 01 ac3~ · li;;t:~L'.tlo-! . G01e cor~.es haC.. 

an·Jr m:;.roose!J ..., ".t~.;oe ·e-:- otl18 s on1-- o:1e · 1 '. ctll• others . .. st:-·r. . T1e ..,c"1efu1e lints t~ e ·c:-..... "ions ::or:.cr. 

71 ic . ol ;-1ore 

1 . Cotto. :exLJ .... ----------··---·------------------------

2 . nd .i_re~~i. in~ --------------------

1J 

2 

3 . ~oo1 ~c;:ti:e--------- ----------- ------------:--- -­

~1ect:·ic"1 : ;n:fn.cturin ------------------·--------- 0 

.... . 

1 8. 

?1 . ,.., 

- . ;'4 . 

38 . 

39 . 

4'" . 

1:8 . 

54 . 

60 . 

6t.i: . 

6 .... . 

82 . 

84. 

0 

.... . 

95 . 

1C'"' . 

1~3 . 

1' . 

}':1 • 

12 . 

128 . 

1 .. 2. 

151. 

155 . 

137 . 

176. 

182 . 

Lwbe-:.· ~nc : .l:::lOP~ ------------------ ----·------ -----

C r;t Iron S i.l Pi:pe------·------- ------------------

Leatl er----·· ------------------------------------ -

-. de:·rte..-r ;;.....L .. llieC.. p:;.·c c~.uctn -----·-·- ---------- ----

3it~Jinous CJa1----------------- ------------------

0 '1 i~urncr--- --- ------------------------------------ --

~-et'"" .. il 11.1..:1.. - ----- --------------------------·-----

::ao i1er ; ·am.u ~.c turin ... __ ---------------------·-·--·---- -

~~r ~ -:ql..'-i~l.lO:lt---·------ -----------------------------

·oto ... ·\ichic1 .. ~~t:~[li1inr-· ----------------------------

Sil.- J:ext.i1e-------··---- ... ------------ ----------- --· ::!:hro 'lin -----·---- ------ ·----- _____ :_ _________________ ___ _ 

?.et .i1 :rae e - ------- ·--- ------------------------------

j)resr. :~.- nuf· c . .._ .,..i;'--.... __ ·---------------- -----------

:a.ooi'. : · .c.:: ine r~;' -----·-----·--·-- -----------------------­

: i11L. e- - < ..... '1 ror.>~ c·~i.-llin.';-------------·------··------­

Stee1 C"~C" tin --·--------------·----------------·--------

?ab:·icated . :et 1 }'ror'. 'C t·· ------·-------- --- -----·---- - • "":"'"\o,.,_ • J,. t . ... "..1."' ec::; .:: UJ. 111 vure ' e c . - --------------·-------·-----

-... !"1:-J. • n ~ an C. Iron in""' i :ac:1inc -------------------------

.€. :tff c.nc.". Poli~ .. 1i;- ~:hee1 --------------------------­

s~~ e1 Dr8 line .ru· Cr..,ne-------------------------

'"'otto . G rril ... ~t----- -------------------------·--------- -- .1. 

-~~e ---------------------------------------------- : ·o · 0'1 Pict· _ .. -------------------------------------

--_: o1r;te:';/ ";l Dr"'..1)er~r ----~--------- --·--------------· 

Ce e1t----------------------------------------------

0:-r- _ cct:r, ene-----·---------- -------------------------

.:~ ir c~ ot .. i:.:l."'" ctu.ri.t ;----------------------------

- ~er _i~ ... rib .til~----- --------------------------- .., .. , ...., - . ( .. e • <'l.L. _ oo . . ~oc~:;.-..,·---·--------------------------

4 

2 

5 

2 

4 

4 

3 

2 

3 

3 

,.., 

,') 

3 

~ 

<.) 

3 

9 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

5 

4 

') 

. .,

2 

c 

,.., --

0 

3 

2 

...., 

t:. 

3 

4 

.... 

<.) 

2 

2 

4 

~....------------ --------- - - ... '"C' .:'? ... ·t. i t .. e taba.1<:tlOi1 '.,r obtr.i:1ed ~a ... ~t [l.ll~r 

·- or e·· .; ..... l. "'"1 or t' e ·--.. · ··e or'<" 1 ... · " OJ • .L.. . ... J .. ! - • ~.... • • ., ··' ... c <"' " 1 :1 - 0 

1so G.1'e -cc :··,. .~.e1 ... i~1 to stfl.;_-: . T~:.e inte-:-cha.Tlgeab1e 

1 '"tr.l ·11 anC.. 1 e:·e .... io:.' 1 .. • c J. te · i t •. o inte:~c:u-nre.:....b . e 

e:~e tion ... , ',ry;re ·u;~ _or p 11'-_ osc"' O.L L1e tabclr.t i on , 

" onl;'i to e:·e ;pt .:.one or s c:~rs · ;J. ic1. · rere - r D.!l t ed. to an 

e tire i. ( -:;L ·• o:- ~ reco~ .. izci... ;.·u.od:.vi:>i0·. ~LJ.e o_ . 

.... 8~4 

2 

r 

" 
196 . 

201. 

204 . 

234. 

2:37 . 

2·J~ 

250 . 

2.37 . 

260 . 

26£1. 

256 . 

237 . 

27t:'e . 

2o2 . 

286 . 

287 . 

298 . 

313 . 

206 . 

308 . 

311 . 

319 . 

327. 

329 . 

332 . 

334 . 

341 . 

347 . 

354 . 

363 . 

3q5. 

367. 

370. 

3G6. 

393. 

397 . 

399 . 

410 . 

41L1 • 

41 6 . 

421. 

423. 

445. 

451 . 

4!54 . 

458 . 

450 . 

462. 

463 . 

466. 

467. 

471. 

474 . 

9844 

4.1 ~ 

..110lef1r·le ?':'>or1 [\1/ ('-:• .. ~o c•3:.::r ---- ---- -----------------­

" le >" l r o::.·· :D :~· t i O' .. ~.t i·.15:- ----------------------------

Plui1-oir.; FL:turen------------------ --------------.--

i ·acc-.ro!i i-----------------------------------------------

A~lo:r Ca ~t in~>------------- ---- -- ----- ---- --- -- ------

Tag----------------------------- ---·------------------

'Jire :?.ad ~.nc'. Tube------------------------------------

Printing Equip1:1ent-- ---------- - ---·----------- - --------

Orn'"'2.1ental ~ ~oull' .. i :nc---------------------- -----------

FoUi:.dry .Equipment---- ----------------------------- ---

Inlanc .. 1Jat a~c :~l~i c.::.~- -- -·-- ----------------------- ---

"C'ned Textile :Sat::----- -- -----·-- - - ----- _ _: - - --·--- - ------

San ai1c' Stee l------------ - ___ :__ ----------------·-----

:ctes t n.ura"!".t ----- - ----- ----------------------------- - --

Beaut~-- a:16. :Jc-.r'oer Sh o:_c ---------------- --------------

Graphic Arts------------------------------- ---------

Uiping Clot -- ------------ --- --- ------- ---~- --­

Steel Uool---- ---------------- ------------ ----------

i;ica---------- --------- - ----------------------------

Fi ~h ~y ----- ------- ~- -------------- -------------

?..eady i ·ixed Conc r ote -------------------- -------------

lTenspape r Pl~ int i '1,_:; Pre s::;------------------------------

r·achine -A~~:J liecl S·k.:?le , etc .-------- -------·---------

Ul)hols te r 3,. S:9rin,;- ----- - ----------.--------- ----------

Lar'.ies Hc:..ndbag- ------------------ --------------- ----

::Severage Dis:9ensi nc- -------------------------- --- ---

Fi oer anc-:. I :e tal ..-:-a r k Iut t on--- ------------------ --=---- -

i ·a chiner:.r anc}_ A~ lied. Procl.nc ts---------- -- ------------

SQa ll Aros , etc.-------- --- - ------ --- --------- --- ---

~ :en t s I:ec;:rTear---- - ---------------------------:- ------

an~ Lirn -- --- -- -- --- --- --- -- -- -- -- --- -------~- --

1 :e tal Treat i ·1g-- - -·-- - ------------- - -----------------

Fe anu t :Bu tter-------------- --------------------------

Unb r e lla Frame --------·- - - --- --- --------- ----------:---

Soft Fibre --- --- ------ ----------- --- ----------------

Spra3r Painting Equip· 1e n t--------------- --- ------- ----

Eou sehold Goods Store.:-_';' e - - ---- --------------- --------

Retail .rru.bbo.r Tir -- ------ --~- -,-- -- ----- ----- --­

:Bo-ubin anCl. Spool-- ------------ ----- --- ------------ --

Leat:1er Clo th :i!'2.bricc--------------------------------

I.:arb le Q,u rr~ri 0 ----- -· ---------------:----- --------- - -

Drop For.:;ing------ -- -:--- --- ---------------------- ------· 

Ba: inr; --- - - -------:---.- ·-- ------ ---- -------·---:--- - ----

Cancil c\/ick :Bed::r_o r oad- -------- - -------------:- --- -----

0:9t ica l Retail--------:- ------ -----:------------- - -----

tr.aole se le onfecti ners:- --- -----:- -------~- :---·- -­

Preserve, :e.raschi::rt o Cherry--'----- - -------- ---- - - - ,---

1Jhole-s c:-.l e Tobacco------------ -------- ------ ---- -----

Ca:.'lciy I ~anuf o. c tu.:::i:1.g----------------- ---- -·--...,..:. -------

Re to.i J. Tobacco------- --------------------- ---.:... ____ :..._--

Cigar 1' ianUfac turin,'!- --------------- ------- - ---------- ,. '-' 

Trailer I: c:-.nufa.cturing----------------------- ---------

Neec-;.Iei!Ork - Puerto 3.ico-- --------- --- ---------------

3 

5 

3 

5 

5 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

4 

2 

5 

3 

2 

4 

5 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

9 

3 

2 

2 

2 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

5 

2 

2 

4 

2 

3 

4 

3 

2 

2 

2 
,., 

4 

85 . ,_gn . 

5( 

"-( 3 . 

..,7 

- tj1- --------- ---------- --- -- cl-------- - - ---------- - - ---- ------------ --

otton Gi. n · 1 · ::!lc .. i er~----- -- ------------ ----- Ir.roorted D. e - .. c - Tl - --· - -------------------------- .. ·.Thol ::; le _l 1bi 1 1 r tc . - ·-- ·-- - - ---- -----------------

~ :nr ine Equiprn nt--- --------··--- ---- -~·---·-----------

r .0:? S_lYS 

3 

') 

'-' 

3 

2 

2 

CO::JES S 

84 . 

88 . 

105 . 

201. 

275 . 

347 . 

Fe b::ic 1 F:..·od -:.ct"------- ------ -------------- · 

.!J •. ines~ ~,, 1i ture 1 etc .-----------------------------

Ltor otive P~rts L ~ ~aviycent --------------------

: .. ole~~le "n~ Di t~ib tin -------------------------

L.emicr-1 l :r n·lf .... c turin .... ___________________________ __ _ 

· :achi er-r / AlJ ie{L Pro ,Ct<"'- ----------------------

CO:i:D:!: IOFAL S~A 'S 

4.4 

2 

3 

6 

3 

• fe·1 f't<:''S \70i"'~ founl to .:1ic:1 \:ere <'.tt:-tcheC conditions iJ.1:9osec. 

u-oon t e pe:-C"'onc .... eedn~ t'1e relief in t:.e st<W · Stt.·r of l abor p r o-

· iGions often co·1t,i.11J<i .... c nC:.i ion as to tl e u~lTnent of "'.n overti f:lC 

r te o .. : h:)u ·s · or' ~eel in excess o:Z L.~.c> r.1c>xinllill- h01 1TG . ( *) St,·rs of 

rade ractice ~Tovi~~o s in oornc cnGes cont~i~e: conditio~s . (**) 

r: e above exennle o_ conditio:1.rl rtA.., s -re:-e ones is~uet'. afte:..~ t:1e 

t ir1e of the a:..~ Jrov~ 1 of L .. -:: co .e . I. so:::e ca<1cs [... s te; i n en oruer of 

a :Jro 'al of <?. coc.c cont inecl :1. conG..i tiO'] b-- · ' .1..LC>1 C'J:t t'l.in par t i es 

af:orded. the r lief of tl1e nt y 7! uld. be reauirecl. to do soncth n~ . ..,i t h 

rcspec to t~~e contin'"t>nce or te ~ . . in·.tion tl.e:cco_ . ( *** _he C'..U.thor of 

t:1is :9reliminary report :.a<J co. s i :_n:·d1 t:1e GU"bJect o: conditional 

e;.:em:p ions . ( *""**) 

------------- -------------

( *) 

( * . ) 

( * "') 

9844 

Se Orde:· lSl- 25 1 in · :1ich r. st"~l f~~or.1 t: e provi .. io·1. of a 

coue requL~ing :raym::mt of time .:· n~ one ~.<?1- for ov e ~t me ·.l<? S 

g:·a:.·'l'~ed o:1 c"ncition th<.t ~~1 overti:1e :i.' < tr.> of t i 1e e..nd. one -

t ir 1 be pa. d. . 1'1 t'1i~.; Or' .er a l.U~t: v:.~ C Jnc1 it ion Tias iL1-

-oosed - tha. t .e ind't~t :• or'_ i -'-s e:.l?lo;;ees the first five 

(5 d" s of tl -:ce . St..~ : .lsJ :.:c"'.e .. : 467 - 2 . :ru il es . 

See Orce1· 60-1C5, ntr·r 01 lO"''": 1· .lit tic>r. rovisionr on conditi 1 1, t; no ~.,le-; 1 e 1~de to m ~:1brrs o t111..; ineustr:· at l ee 

han si:: :pe r cent ( :.:>~_,) a ove co"'t . (i:RA Files) 

See Or cr 41 - Ordej_· ~)47 lr.: . ·-::.A :-i les . 

S" • r e liminal'",. jln"'Jo-~t on E· e ~ tionn ~nc1 :::::c.;·('ltions . j_-IT'..A 

rc-.:- iza ion S-'-udies S .ctiun1 Di·1ision of '"!,e ie,7 1 ffiA :?iles -

h2.3) ter r . P;ore 40 . T ~e le :;~ 1 p'1 ses of e:..:em:ption hc.ve been 

di"'c· ssed t. e:rei~1 a.~~... since it i s t. e o:::.-iniol'l. of the aut ho r that 

a st -- ['Jld a.n e:..:cmptio!1 a- e o all :oractic:>.l ex e nts he same , 

is sU£gested th~t reference be m.:-.de to t.lG t reatment of 

cond · .. ional exe .ptions .. ere inbefore ;.1en ti.:med , 
-43-

DEUIAL OF STAYS 

T11e re corci.s o:::.. t he on-.. c rn of ~o-• rova.ln of cocl.e s end amend.r:lents 

disclose no denials o~ nta v n a c :~e· " all r c ferre cl. to g rants of .., ta;:,rs 

or elr.e ,.e .. ~e silent on ti1e su1)J ect . The '1.Utho r h<' S hml no opportunity 

to e :·Wi!ine the record.s 'J:f e vn:-ious coc~ es in rmich app lications for 

nt --.ys or onsiderations by rTRA of protests, hac\. cuused contemylation 

of a "'ta~ , Hhich stay did not rnat e rinli ze nt the tir.1e of the order of 

a:s:rnroval of the coc,_e . In adC:.i t ion, there lw.s be en no oppo rt··mi ty to 

exc:unine tLe :;:e cor0.s o:i various codes rTi th res·o ect to a·o1Jlications for .:.. ..J.. -

"t.'"'YS re'"' e ived by in accorLl.8.nce , ·it tl1e rule and regulation set 

fo!'th in Executiv ~ Orfce:l:' I.o. 62.3- :B , suDra , ho\:eve r , examination of 

tnc co:~ds of . ta;y·s j s .:med a,:;: ter o:pn roval of a code shorTs that one 

stny \1c>.n denied . (*) 

PE::tiOD 0? STAY 

Acllilinis trati ve dis ere t io:1 ni tL. res~oec t to the grant of stays 

incluc."Les determination as to duratio:::1. thereof. 0f necessity , end 

properl~r so , this ·f)has e of dis cretion is r e·oosed in the adElinistrative 

a_:senc~r . T~1e ~IDA e :::e r cise cl ·:_.:.:.i.r· :ig~ 1t b~~ s~~antil'lt::; strws for v a rious 

ue·~ioo s of time, r cn .:; in.-- f ro; .. un·3 c_:.:· to 1 unlimited pe:rtod. On some 

occasionn, it beca e 11e ce ss r to e·:te no. t l1e p eriod. of sto and. in sor,1ecases rhen the ne e cl of , . s t =-':- ,re.s no longer evident , either )O n 

ap~) lication by pa~:ticul r int e r e ste-1 '<-) <' :rti os or initiation by NR!, the 

dw:ation of tl1e stc ' 'Tas tc~~ 1lnate0 .. ( **) 

Tl e follot?int: tatula tion C..i s clos es t"1'"' ··)e:.~ :t s of th1e for r.rhi ch 

stl' ~'S 1·e:te ra.r1te :t: 

PE:EGOD 0:' S-l,.Y lJO . 02 S'IAYS 

Unlimite~--- -------- -- -------- -- ---------------- 70 

To Ju_'1e 16, 1935- --------- -----·-·---------- --- ------- - 8 

One year--- ------ -------------- -------- ----------- 1 

Si:: mont~1s to one ee.r ----- - ·-··--------·- --·-------- 8 

.~:H11e da~rs to s L: ::10n t:1s--------- - ---- -------------- 20 

ixt~r to ninety da;;rs--------------------- ------ ----·- 26 

Thirty to sixty days- ----- ------- - - --------------- 30 

Fifte en to thirt - d.a~ s---------· ------- ------ ---- ----- 73 

Te~ to fifteen ~~rs ---- --------------------~---- 120 ... 

Tuo to t · n 0_ay :::> --- -------------:-------------------·--- 14 

One dacf- -·---·-- -------·------------------------------ 4 

Pe11din,: stud~,r-- --- -- --------- ------ ---------- --- 17 

Penc ..._in::; furthe r orc,_e r------ - ---·--------·----------- - 220 

Penciing amen~.1ent or l:_earint;- - - --- ------------------ 13 

Penc-;.ing suomissi oYJ. of evidencP by inclu. try· or trade 16 

Pending e l ec tion of coc'c.e authori t~r ___ ___ _________ _:__ 2 

( *) See Orc_ei..- Uo. 88-18 lJRA Files b;:r n:1ic:1 the Stevl Shelving Division 

of the :Business Furniture , Storcv-::e Equipu ent and. Filing Supply 

Code ~. s denieo. a stav of the trade -or actic e urov.i sions rela ting ... -'- ... 

to marketing . 

( **) See Orc. e:r r:o . 445- 13, _,_ ~l: in, Co te - :tensio11 of < st~r; a lso 

Or d.Gl'S Uos . 467 ~3 , 467-4(', 4C7- 46 , 467- 48; ."ee Ao.uinift:.~Cl tive r cl.er 

X-8, ter11inat ion of stay . l'J3 .. A. F i l es . 

9844 
_ . um er of or'e r.., of rJ not di ::; c lo;.e tlu~ n~ .r t iculC".r ne :~i oC: - fo · i.l le ~ "\1'"~8 ~r~ntc < citi 11 , ro •. ~ ')rC"..~.; rr; of r,t~ys r e -

late to seve ~<'.1 1 ovi. ... ionc of" L.t; ct,c o e Y'·~ovision 'roulcJ. be s c:yed 

for ape iod f sixt r '""") d[l··s .:-.nd [l'lot:r · ·J rovi:;~on r-t;~yecJ. for a 

.. ~::: riod o t ir t-r ( 0 d ...,~rs - · 1 t~ o :;r one o 1 .o .t is i.nvo lved the v~,riO'l'.S 

perioc~:J of tim. hc.'1.V8 been incluil.l3C. in the < oo ·e ub'nlation . 

S Ste> .. Ctl abOV2 , due '!_) rOC'CSS r C'qUi:i..._ h.11.ts "C:i:"·' l~t •-,ier c;l order 

of stn;J· n.ricb r1o.:J Ja10\in as a llnotice or·o_')_ortu·Iit:r to object . ' The 

majorit;r f SlCl sta.:s inv')lVijl .. clue U''OC?GS re uirer.1ents nere either 

for a period of en (lr) dc.:·o or fL. teGn (15 t!.ays . A ;:.:-roat nu.':lber of 

stays ·h icn ·rere i ... n· ed II ')e:1(li1 fUl'the r orr'0:· 11 '.'er~ the ... enult of (1) 

... ho·1 ca 1se orCi. r s.oi.1e'-'J.U'.t i '1 tl e r.:- tnr e of 1\ 1 not ice o;f o.u JO rtu :. t'r 

"'o be nca.rc''' ·•nc: involvi:n~~ LUe )rocens requireuor.ts) (2) Office l)rU.e 

~io . ,:.3 , su:)rE'.., ::'1ic. r eferreC. to t:1e comJJ.etio:n of n stuc1.:' of open 

prict. filii.1" n~~stc ,::; . 

Jther order<) of st;~,/ Vt>riec, ps to clur tio·'l . 71 • e stc~ s for lonP.:e r 

ue ri ods of t i qe '7ere !'or t e UY"'_,o.~es of stu,·.:· of ·of1rt icular industrial 

evils :rhic: . . ere c ttem-otec1

• to ._13 r 3moved thro1.1.6h the ve'1icl e of code . 

rrovisions rrhich ~:rrt.A rras hesi t·~nt to a!1·orove . 1~1e sl orter periodo of 

., a;>'S ·.1ere to r.Jel3t teiJ8orar~r .... i tuations e~dn tine in il1dus tries; e ,g ., 

necessi ies of overtime for inventory taldn~ - ti•Je lost tl r ough 

o lidays a;.1t other emergency require nents . 

CIW .u: .. 3. VI 

EVALUA'I'IOi'S .AliD co:rcLUSIONS 

T~1e yUI3-0ses of n str'~r are sir.Jil ar to tho'3e of [l,n e xeriTp tion ( *) . 

Its use e.i c' 'exe r ci e depend ·<lyOn l u.rislativ e g rC'nt c:.no. administrativ e 

le>' dictt".ten tht1.t the exercise of this uo rer s: oulc~ i.)e fc:.ir and reasonable . . ~o t1en j O'l'l of tl1e ter:1 1 st:'y 11 or n.n:· :9 0'.7er then~ of is found in 

-~e Act . .AJry S'lC,_ porrer is br11eC :pu l~r upo·: r. construe ion of the Ac t , 

t1 e \lOrding Of"' 'hic:1 is suf_icient fo AA implication of <?- <-::rant of 

.., 

. 

:poTier . In vie of this lc>c:: of suecific r:1ention of the term ani". stat e - i 

e.nt of _')OFer , it if' suggestec t!1at conterJ:p l cted l egislation, if any, rna ::e special l~efere nce to the no·.;er of stc::.y and t l12t full and c::.dequate 

provision be made rrhereb.,r the a(~enc~r charE;ed ni th the ac1n inistration of 

he Act be per itt<.;d to exercise thic ··='O 1er at an~' or all timen , e ithe r 

generally or s:pecifically. 

I is t .. e author ' " opL1ion t h['.t t:1e safest r ..: liunce upon the basis 

of po er to g rant a stay is found in Section 1 (b oup ra , The chronicle 

of t i~ dele5 a.t ion of :poue r ~o -raJ.t s ta: s an se t forth in Chopt.e... I I , 

discloses tha generr.l '!JO er aad be e n .confe.i"re>d upon the .Adminisbu t1mt tl e po.7ers confer:-ed bjr Sectio'1 10 , 11e r e eA.'Pr essly reser-.red to the _resident . It is true ha.t S!-ecific . .1ention of pm1e r to 

( *, :-'ee !'relimiiUJ.ry Re:port on ""'xenpt ions L nCI. E.-ce:ptions , NRA. . Organiza ion s udics ectiOl , I i vision of a evie\1 - Chapter v, page 

48 , .... Filc n . 

9344 
_;rant ::;tays is found i n Exccutiv.:. Ord ·r ._j?O.J- E, but t1!.i n del egation 

in lia:i t. eJ to c e rt .. ir. n ·,-,1 i cntion s rcce i ved from sp e c i fi od ir1dividual s 

·aj t~~in El J.cfini t o ~ c rio cl of ti.nc . OJ. Dece.n,O() r ~~ ' 1 933 , Presi dential 

dclcc::tt i on of power ref\:) rred to 11 e·":e.n•, tions and e1ial i aa t ions1!, but still 

no uowcr of stay was :non t ioned . It nl'l? oc ar@,-u.ecl that t i1o pcvvero of 

stav were so si.11il nr t o t:10 se of cJ.i;ninn tion and c:xe:np tion t Lo..t t here " . 

·.1a no nc;ct of ::>pc:ifi , Ph;n tion, It isnll.bmittec. that ti1r; actual cxercin,; of t:w p owe r of stay shoulrl be bar.;crl. UT)On del c.:;;B.tions spec ifically 

!.lcnti onin& ti.1o power a'1ci tha t, in vibw of t he fact tha t a stay r cJ.at es 

to an en tire indus try o r a r c; c0c;nized oubClivision tJ.1e reof, e iti1e r 

tco,:;r aphi cal or i ndus trial, tho riel O{;n.t i ons sho1:.l d be 1 imi t e d to the 

Aaminintrntor or Admi niayra tive :Boa rd, w·ith a po::>sibl e del egationt if 

ne cc oo.:try, t o an office r aut::'lorized to handle grants or denial s of 

st~rs and exemp tions(*). 

Ch apt e r II I :wr co f net::; f o rth t:':w various at t emp ts to define the term 

: 11 stn.yi1 • ~Jo l egisJ.;".tivo dofini tion J.e f t a c:1art0d course for 1JRA in thif;l 

· r en::;Je ct . Variouo d?'fi :r i tions of :l e power di ff r: ~cl from its actun.l uoe. 

o line of demarcati on •.v.n s ar"Ji trary ancl many time s it wa s disroza rdc d . 

In t orchangcabl e usc '? f such t or:n s Fts " cx cmp tiont1, 11 o t ayn and11 c:xception11 

caused admi n i s tr ti vo co, ::·union . TJ.lG term 11 el i mi:12.ti on11 1 ikewi so fi n f.s 

no logisl0.tivc .e,ui dc . l:'"o li:ii t i!.tions were Ln'!Josed as to when a. 11 stay11 

or en elimiation" slwuld. ·oc invokcG.. ~norcl.s as such e.re mere vehicles 

but when used admi n i::;tr?tivc1;/, su"ust o..n c e a21c".. p roced-u.re demand cl.efinitions and cl ~. rit . It i ::; t:w:c-cforo our;gest od t:.c.t l et.;;islat;ive definition '"' of t he terms 11 o t;;";y:l ancl 11 ol i mj na tionll choul d h".VG been made . 

A suggesteC:. defil_i tion of tho t e rm 11 stc>y" i s - <'..Cln i n i stra ti vc action 

whereby an inO.ividual, g roup 0f ivi c" ~al::; , eitrwr 2;oo g r aphical o r indus trial , or o.n entira i ·1(Lustry is r elievc· d fro n·, t::e operation 

of e1e pro vi siono of a code , in rr:wl e o r i n part, b y t:w o rd i.~ of 

C[):proval of t~'le code . (**) 

r o sugge ste d c":.efini t i on o: t ::c tc r ·:t 11 eJ.i;·nj.n l.tion11 is :nade . Its use 

depends upon the po J.icy of n.nc1 aY:m roacL to code- makinr,. ApiJroval of <?-

cc de ccn b e ·.7i t:L.1el 0. UL. til al 1 o b j c c t io l1f'l.bl e f ea turc s ~w cf a r e d e -

. l e t ed, 1er eby ·elimina ti:lf; 11\:.' E;d of t J:lis form 0f a cklinistra tive action . 

( *) Sec Prel i mi 1:a.r i Repo rt en ::C xc:rr.p tion s ancl E::rc op tion3 , HRA Organ iza tion 

Studi e s Se ction, :C i-..r ision of Rev.iew - .::::1ap t c r V, Pa,";e 53 . 

( **) See Prelimi nary e~o ort on Exemption G n.nd Exceptions, lffi.A Orge.ni za tion 

Studi es Se ction, Divi::;ion of Revi ew - Chap t e r V, Page 52 

9844 
-46-

_f ~h~ o po-·tc oro cd c o a ant 

of t t shoul be o forth . 

~h rant or dcni~l o1 ~ -t~· 

ti ·e d is ·ration st j ct to cc tail • 

L"mit tion~ impo~e by ron rcs ~ tn 

ate t e uolicies cf .e .tct" , ·m~cr 

invo 1 e:: +L.e 'Xerci se of ad minis raim i~_, .... 0'1L sE.t for~;h in the l11VT . 

.. ,} e Act •r .. re 1n cff'f>ct 11 to effectuolic~Ps · e~P SP for.._ in Sec ion 1 

t1:creo_ , I._ .is a· -i...._~ ~ ~.:sc lit.lit· ions ., rn1~ c1 an ~~bit of 

wlC.e "mini'"trn i\·e ac+.·o!1 . T!e nnc0ssi ire of' fair-=>: n reacon1b1e uso 

of ne n c•er of sta:' ithin a ministr1.~ivc .'iscr "' tlor. ·uc auuaren n.'1d 

"orne c r · te ia l~erefor sno 1.: 1e se :or h . hf' cri t0ri 1. s:1o 1<3 ~ke 

ti:e for;.1 of t3, :ar, s €'t for._h leg i..sl".ti· el .. w'1creby oo er co lc b ineke , ·o on rocf nu fi >:.~ .i· £" hat t ' .e artic.1l~r si ua4 ion is one ,.,hich 

cone •ith u1 thP li its of t ru' st!:ln ,r...,s . It is s sze. eC' t!lllt the> 

crc'ltlOYl of nesP an'

1 arr-1c be br:~se · ,~oon t o exneriences of lA in its 

usc of ~n.i~ p0 e . ThP sources of nese e~periP~ces could be f'ou'1t in 

ne aria ... reasons \h., co . es or cu:-e u ro isionc; · PrP st1.yec1 • So'le 

trea~me>:.t ne~cof is se for;h in hapte r of this report . 

.this report h:1s bPc~1 c once Lee~ V'l th st1ys '1nd h11s 1i .i P:::l i t"'elf to 

tr.ose -;rhicn affcC'tGCI e!1 ire ind.ust iec or a. recoe::'1ized subdivision thereof . All t:>_es of stays ere fo~tnd as a r esLLlt oft f' in.resti..:o.'l_,ionSO'Tie a oplyin2 to en ire ir.c ustr ... es; other au'llyinz to se'Jar1.te infividals. L1 act a1 administrative p r actice , nc ~crm 'stay' ~s cynoi'ymous 

wit!' t"la t of exem;J~ion'' · The files ar.d re co r ds ''17t>re treater in th~ 

~arne· m~:~nr 3nd h~ a ._hor fin:; bat thP u~oblems o~ ~n, rP~sons fo r 

he use t~Preof erP alike> . 

The se of co"l"'i io"1: 1 s ~ns oftc'! ame:.-'er co,:~c -oro·isions. The 

practice of ~ttachi ~ 

s 1 in in ~1idity of 

ttc ou~ oses of tne Ac 

CO'KitlO"ls to orc1 e rs of sAY ore ·emotio11 may 

~} con~ition, ~eue~'in r uonn its relation to · . . ( * \ J.n.. nP exemo ~on 1 • 

(*) See Par Thref' he r eof , Ch1.uter IV . 

9 6 " 

re-
Po.rt rvw 

.4-:_c)l)cndix 1Jo. l 

Tt is renort h8s be n ri ma rily concerned with inf ~ation which 

\~·ould 'Jo on benefi t to l e:5i l: •.tive com.:, it 'cees or conference"' . A cony 

of ~Le ou tlL1e (*) sug:c;e: st n "' mo:ce de ~. il ed revi ew of the subject . A 

numuE"r O.t Bections of suc:1 outliue n r ve not been consi de r ed in this 

r eport. Q;uos cio·:1s of ·)rocedure , admi>li str·· ti ve details , · routing of 

auulicqtioilS , co:1side r ations ha~ by v~riou s Ao.vi so r y :aoe.r ds and t he 

m ' t .wd o~ 1inal admi nistrative de t 8rn1inaGion arc n o t consid·Hed herein. 

The an nly .. is of thA ty-J cs··o f co1.e p1·ovisions. subjected to stays disclos ~ s t l:a.t tnis c. dm n1st :). ive w~ r was utilizea to me e t due Drocess 

r oqu1r eme11ts. T:)J.e f onn o: such a stay , its e ff ec tiven e ss as a form of 

notice to i n t erested lJ::trties a n J also the question wnether or no·t its 

1 use me t with the le€SPl requir em.:mts of due n rocess a re a ll subjects 

· which ~.re irrr.1ort an t to . r oun·,ed and c ompl'e t e r e1J'ort of the subj-ect . 

T11e ac' visabili ty of the use of 11 el :r'l in~;:;ion 11 P.S a n n.dmi nistrativc · 

we::t on in the ro ce ss of cod "' m~l..idns i s dc;;<:;nden t u·0on the questions 

of lJI·oc edu:ce and lJOlicy :;_· . .;1 :->t ing t o t ho S")O:t-iso ring :=tnd r equirements of -

co de a'l-provels , therefore, t h r: soundn ess of admini s trn.t ive lJOlicy a s to 

the us e of 11 elLninacion11 i s a sub j e ct wo r ti:Jy of conside r ation; 

T.1e use of t he p o•.n :r of stay for subs t anti Vf' r easons oft en was 

without no t ic e to i ndu3tr y , bo r or oth e r interest ed g rouns . The 

questions :.<.s to 7he ther or n ot the intended. use of the -po·.:e r of stny 

si oul d ·oe Iila.de ti.1e subject or -prio r n oti,c e and , if n ecoss nr y subjected 

to 1_)u blic 11E·arin,-; ; n.lso consi :e r ations of ·due nrocess have not b een 

t oucned· 'in t ~1. i s r ·. Jort . . . 

Ada ini strati v e u se o f t :1e st o_r ~as evi::len<;: ed in a.pn r oval s of a 

numb Gr of co de administr ation mat t e rs; e . g ., co de autho rity by- laws , 

trade ')r c.ct ice co r:rJ L1t pla:.1s, ·

1

JUd:?;e ts a:1d othe r m: tt e rs . iifu-=t.t NRA 

did with es~e t to t hese ~~ases of its cti vi ti s insof a r as t he 

su~j a ct of stay in concl'r llc-d is 110t cov ed by this r e,Jort . 

A compl ete analysis o r ~1e t y-? s o f code ·orovi si"ln s su-bj ect e d to 

stays and the reas ons for such s tays s,_J.oulc1 b en efit t he study . It is 

true that tl1.i s ph..-.·.s e of tne subj e ct is cov e reel in t; i:li s r e")Ort in a 

preliminar;y form. TLe r e coul d be furt~ler develo·')ment of t his s ection 

of the stucly . 

The author 11t<S not bee.n :::t ble to .cx-1 J..o..;:-e the r e cprds of those 

si tuati.ons vr~1ich resul t ed in th .. deni !-0 1 of stays and' t 1le reasons for 

such c.enial s would b e a contributi on to t 11e furthe r study of the subject . 

--------------·----- -

9844 
_;Jg_ . 

s:.- s 

(J l1ne) 

1 . I. rodu~ ion. 

1 . 1 Qbjccti•e a~ s~rope of stu y . 

las s i 

: .1 Sec ion 3 (a) . 

2 . 2 .pvlication o1 Sec . 3(a) to Sec . 4 , Sec . ?(b , and Sec . ? (c ) . 

2. 4 Sec . lO(a) a~c Sac . l O(b) . 

2 . 5 ~imi a io·1s, if any , U!>O- t~1~ President . 

2. 6 _easonable ir:r~llcatio'1.s . 

3 . ::Jefinition. 

3. 1 Or dinary cfinition. 

3 . 2 Legal ef 1::11 t1on . 

3 . 3 -~~ ~1stra ive d~fi~ition- c a~ges tner eof . 

3 . 4 :Jiscussion of relation to t9r. s 'exempt i onu and 1'exc ep tion n. 

elega 1on of po~er to grant stays. 

9 4 

£r . l ··~:.:cessi ty of ~e ega:io a d a·dent ner eof. 

4 . 11 Tote .umi.istrator . 

11~ .? .R .• -i . 

4 . 11.2 Jades. 

4 . 113 ~or~ of dele~~t1on 

4 . llz Li. ltatio s on "e ~·ation . 

2 Re 91 :ions of paver by res~~cnt . 

. 3 Tr ansfer of po·. er o ) . :.. ..3 . 

4 . 31 B: les a · re~lla io:1s Jr" :~ !LB . r er;ar ding executive 

srants Or rrfusals Jf stcJS . 

f 
- 49-

4 . 311 Form of ap 9roval. 

4 . 312 Formalit~ s of issuance . 

4 . 313 Change s. . 

Part Tw o 

Apyendix No . 2. 

4 . 4 Additional de l ecations of , imitatio~s or conditions on 

po'ver gr an ted t o i'J . r. :::- . B . 

~~ate : For pur})ose s of study of subs e quent de l egati ons of power to 

l e sser boards and offic er p t ne Adminlstra tpr a~d N. I .R.B. 

will be consider ed toge ther. 

4 . 5 Delegations to less er boa r ds aDd offi cials. 

4 . 51 Nec e ssity 

4 . 52 Ear ly phas e s of N.R.A. admi nistr at j on. 

4 . 53 J)e l egation to Di vJ.sion Ad:l1i::u'str a t or per mitt ing 

te:np cr a r y ~d ener gency stays. 

4 . 54 Li:nitat i on.s upon de l egat i on. 

4 . 55 Del egat i on to t erritori a l admi n ist r a tors. · 

4 . 56 Lee;a l as:9e cts of su ch de l ega t i ons. ·· 

4 . 6 Delegati oP.. of power fo r our oos e s of appeal. 

4 . 61 Indu strial Appeals Bo ard. 

5 . .tinds .of stays. 

5. 1 General stay of all nr ovisi ons of· a Code . 

5 . 2 Part i al - stay of some prov i sions of .a Code . 

5 . 3 Group - stay of all or s ome provisions of a Code . 

a£fe c t1.ng a g rou:9 . 

5 . 4 Ty9i cal ca s es. 

6. Time of issuance of or der of stay. 

6. 1 Appr ovRl of Code . 

6. 2 Af t er ap Jrova l of Code . 

6 . 3 Ap ?r oval of mend~ent . 

6. 4 After ap _Jrova l of arne n<i nt . 

6 . 5 Ap 9rova l of Code admi nistrati on matt ers. 

6. 6 Aft er ap:9roval of Code administration matters. 

9844 
Par t Tuo 

.Ap .Jendix :-o . 2. 

7. 1 ime of o·~ a-o roval or Cod ~ amend...:Jen t . 

7. 11 -~; .. ll y . 

7. 12 " Le 1sla . ve clariy a n dr~ftsrn~.snip . 

7 . 13 For purposes of stu6y . 

~ Gon:lict it: other Codes . 

1~1 ~?lroved Codes. 

7 ·.~:2 Co · e s ;Jending approval. 

7 . 15 Enfo rce ~e: of po l icy . 

7. 16 Re~o&nition of rot ests . 

7. 17 Coor·ina ion or co.:1fl ict \.itl1 other ·.::.over nmenta l 

age'lc ies. 

7. 171 Feder al. 

7. 172 State or mu...'1icl~al. 

7 . 1 b S c c . 6 c.v1d S -c . 6 ( a) . 

7. 1 ~r ~ r eoresent atio . • 

7. 11 ~i :'ic lt i~ s of ad~i11stration , compl iance and 

onf CJrceme'l t . 

7. 12 ·- fusal of iDd s ry o acceot a<ininistr ative cna.11ge s. 

7 . 13 0 r a~ . 

7 . ? _· f rr ime of Coue ap _)roval or Code amendment . 

7. 21 Lc~u.lit:r . 

7 • .':2 _ c r.angcs 1n . po 1 cy . 

7. 23 ~i f~ic~l ies of ad1inistration , com ia.~ce and 

enforce .1e t . 

. 25 ~o aptica · rotlems . 
344 

-51-

7. 26 1,iul tipl e code coverage . 

7. 27 Increase of exem·Jtions. 

7. 28 Foreign competition. 

7. 29 Pend1ng a~endment. 

? . 21 Other causes. 

Type s of code provisions sub jected to stays. 

8.1 Code definitions. 

8.11 Industry or subdivisions thereof. 

Part Two 

Appendix No . 2. 

8 .. 12 · Hembers of industry and classifications tnereof. 

8.13 Distribution agenc i es . 

8.14 co~modities . 

8.15 Analysis of bases of ap9lications and 1ndustries affected. 

8.2 Labor prov isi ons. 

8.21 Maximum hours. 

8 . 211 r~o rm l week oeriod . 

8 . 212 Nor mal day peri od. 

8.213 Ov ertime to l erances. 

8 . 214 Peak period. 

8 . 22 Minimum wage s. 

8. 221 :nor mal rat e . 

8. 2211 Hourly rat e . 

8. 2212 Piece rate. 

8 . 2213 Weekly rat e . 

8 . 232 Overtime rate. 

8 . 223 Appr entice r a t e . 

8 . 224 Skilled rate. 

- ---·---- ----- --------------
Part T'7 o 

Ap en ix : o . 2. 

~1ion contract rate . 

8 . 23 C1 il l ·tor . 

d.: A rnntice li~ita ions. 

8 . 26 Stan ar s of safe y ~ d healt . 

d. 27 ! orne .ork . 

~d S .rPtcn-ou .. 

8. 29 S cr i p ~ y :n , n t s • 

o . 21 Eq i Jable readjustme:1t of \1aucs above tne mi n i muJn . 

8 . 22 Pos ~ng . 

8. 23 ~oll~ctiv0 bargaining . 

cl . 2-± ,.'isccllaneous. 

8 . 25 3dsns of appl·c~tions for stays of labor pr ov i sions . 

i3 . 26 .\.nal~{SlS )f inC...1stries ;/LliC i '.'ere subje c t t o stays of 

labor prov~sions 

d . 2? D vclo:> ·e.1 o:F lcbor 90l1cy · •i th r es1;>ect t o s tays . 

. L 28 6 f '.1 as_;e~_;ts o: labor ·.::rov i sion S tc:>ys . 

. 29 .s:.. aluat~on of e;cocrie1. es. 

3 . 3 fr anc p ractice orovisiuns. 

d. 3l - neral a~dlysis a1ti dis~ussion of r ade ; r a c t ice 

ro sions wi h respec to staJs tne r eof, the p rovisions 

E'L €:. e:;roupea. a~ follo··:s : 

o . 311 Gen rally acce9ted in lai.J, 

8 . 3-2 De::arabl3 c· t .10 t f1,;_lly ac..;epted i n l aw . 

u . 313 Des -r8 bl~ b· t 110 bas is in law • 

. 3_5 un~nfo rcoa le . 
- 33-

Part Two 

Appendix No . 2 . 

8. 32 Code Authority rules and r eeulations having force and 

efr·ec t of trade _p r ::...ctice rul es. 

8 . 33 Price p o.l icy. 

r , . I 8.331 Price flxing. 

8. 3311 Fixed prices. 

8 . 3312 Lowe st reasonabl e price. 

8.3313 1-Aodal mark-up . 

8. 332 Price control. 

8.3321 Loss l eaders. 

8 . 3322 Loss limitations. 

8 . 333 Open price syst ems. 

8.3331 I nstitution of system. 

3. 3332 Pa rticular contracts. 

8.3333 Method of operation. 

Note : For purpos e s of discussion bid depository systems are included 

under ~ is sub-d1v ision. 

8 . 334 Cost provisions: -

8.3341 Sa l es below cost . 

8. 3342 Obsolete goods . 

8.3343 Emergency disposal s. 

8. 3344 Competition. 

8 . 335 Accounting systems. 

8. 3351 Necess i ty of app roval· of Administr at?r• 

8. 3352 Compl exity of system . 

8 . 3353. Difficulties of installation. 

8. 336 Sales r eporting syst ems . 

9844 
-G· -

-:,<-.rt T·o 

_ poend x • o. 2. 

' I 

9 . ,o l'OV sicJns. 

2 Obli aticns an~ ·uties of Coda_ thori y . 

9 . ~l O"Jt ional. 

. 2 <1nda tor . 

:1 . 3 se of stay to enfor ce . 

9.61 Revres ntative elections. 

9 . 32 eve~t1on of undue associati on par t i c i pati on . 

9 . 34 Pol icy . 

l . ,ode A thor ity fin~Lces . 

ll. Lc:..bels 

l l. l 5a.s~s of ap9lications. 

11 . 2 Use of sta: fo r 

ll. 21 Control. 

11 . 23 Folic . . 

ll. 3 Ef .1. e c t of s t a;r s gr 8.11 t e • . 

12. S a istical r eports. 

12. 1 :i!: ·ecuti' e or t:rs o general a:ppl· catio . 

12. 2 ases of ay l.~.cations . 

13 . Con ition 1 orders of a oroval . ... - . 

13 . 3 EffP.c 01 cond· tional o:i.·d.er.s . 

13 . 3 ~ffect UfOn ... ol cy and gener al code st r uc tur e . 

1~ . .. ~isce11a~ eous code Jr o isions subjected t o stays. 

15 . JO er .en contr ucts . 

":t-4 
15.1 K""{ecutive Orders 63.)7 onu Gt.:i46 . 

Part T' 'T o 

A9pe~dix No . 2. 

15.2 Stays of codes :p rovisions caus ed by Government contrac'ts. 

15.3 Nature a~d effect of stays for gove rn~~nt contr act put pos es. 

16. Perj.od of stay . 

16.1 Duration of Act. 

16. 2 Duration of code. 

16. 3 Temporary . 

l o. 4 Emergenc . 

17 . Types of orders, etc . , other tha.:1. code )rovislons ·~mich tvere 

subjected to stays. 

17.1 E~ecutive orderc . 

17. 2 Administrative orders. 

17.3 General rules and r egulations. 

18. Procedure. 

18.1 Sourca of a~ lication. 

18.11 L1.dus try. 

18.12 Labor. 

18. 13 Governmental ageJ.oies other than N.R.A. 

18.14 Conswners. 

18 .15 Otners. 

18. 2 Ap9 lication alrected to 

18 . ?1 Washlngto n: 

18. 22 ]ield of1ices. 

18.23 Code Authority. 

18 . 24 Other gover nmental agencies. 

9844 
19. 

o. 3 v01S 'a ion by : : ~ . of ao)llC[ tion . 

1~.31 I 0roffic~ . 

18 . 32 ~-tr·-office . 

18 . 33 Due orocess: 

lo.4 F1nal action on appl ·cation. 

18 . 41 F0rm . 

18 . -±2 ~ otice . 

Stays instituted by ~- .R.A. 

19 . 1 Bas·s of actio 

19 . 11 Policy . 

19 . 12 Le ality. 

19 . 13 Protes s . 

19.131 Industry . 

19 . 132 Labor . 

1~ 133 Cons u~r . 

art T<o 

Appel1dix o . 2. 

19 . 14 .rt.Pco.rrni tion of ecom·.~end.at ions of advisor y boar ds. 

19 . 2 Anal. sis of 1'1.--ustries and or ovisio::1s stc.:yed by 1 .R.A. on 

1 s o·m lllOti...m . 

19 . 3 Effec o stay.s .instituted by J.· • .tL.A. : 

19 . 31 I"ldustry . 

19 3~ Lc..bor . 

19 . 33 Co~s 1crs. 

20 . Po er of s bse ue. ::10dif1ca ion or termination . 

?0 . 1 :· .· ._ . i~i iat·on. 

20 . 2 Ap_lica ion by ind s ry. 
Part Two 

A:p Jendix l'To. 2. 

20 .3 App~ication by labor. 

20 . 4 Application by consumers. 

20 .5 Application by Code Authorities. 

20 . 6 Eases of ap:-? lication. 

20.7 Effects.of modification or termination. 

21. Evaluations. 

22 . Conclusions. 

23 . Bibliography. 

-' 

9844 
so 

124 

182 

196 

202 

204 

_34 

236 

237 

239 

240 

241 

243 

84- 2 

84-3 

84-4 

245 

.. ...46 

247 

248 

249 

?50 

2.52 

257 

259 

260 

2 1 

?63 

268 

269 

270 

272 

274 

282 

2~6 

2 7 

289 

290 

2 1 

.... ~3 

294 

295 

9844 

·- 58-

Buff and Pol s 1ng .necl 

.. ot1o:1 Picture 

I . 

2e uil Foou ~ Grocery 

·:nolesc..l e Food ~ G ... oc e ry 

Carpet & Rug tanufacturing 

Plumb in . .c'ixtures 

~~iacaroni 

Coo~in & Ee: ting 

- Alloy astin~ 

T\l.:Z OJ!' CODE 

Porcelain :Sr a'<:fast Furniture A.s sembling 

Advertising ~·splay Inst allation Trade 

Chevwi:1g Gum lvianufac turing 

Slide Fastener 

Hand Chain Hoist 

Chain ::anufa"'turin 

..i:'Jl ectr ical I 11dus trial Truck ·~e .... 1.uf <).c turing 

Ccrru :•t~d & Solid Fib r e Sh i poing Container 

Paper Disc .. tilk Bottle Cap. 

Fovd Dish & Pul ·p & Paner Plate 

Glaz d a nd J!ancy Paper 

... ag I ndustry 

~i , :od & rube Die 

cylindrical Liquid Light Paper Container 

• Pr in ing Eq~ipment 

Hat t/anufac uring 

Or name tal · ·ould.ing, Car vine; & Turnine; 

Pou:.1dry s· p.Jly 

·,iac1 ine Kn ife & Al lied Steel Prouucts 

Secondary Aluoinum 

Carbon Bl acK 

ood Heel 

-nit Heater , d/or unit entilator 

aw ., Steel Pr o ucts 

estaurant 

i3E.'aut.y an Barber Stop 

aur~ic Ar s 

Clo ' .R el 

Photographic .ount 

.. oou Case L0ad. P neil 

J~ning Inuus ry 

G~~3e· Labfl & Emb o sed Seal 

- ater proof Pa~er 

Part o 

Ap Jen<iix _ o . 3 
CODE N0. 

296 

30() 

301 

304 

305 

306 

307 

311 

313 

315 

325 

327 

329 

331 

333 

334 

341 

349 

356 

359 

362 

364 

365 

366 

367 

369 

370 

371 

84--7 

84--8 

84--9 

84--10 

84--12 

84--11 

377 

378 

382 

385 

386 

388 

391 

394 

397 

399 

403 

406 

409 

410 

412 

9844 

Pa rt Two 

Apnendix 3. 

II NAME CJF CuDE 

Fluted Cup , n Liner & La ce Paper 

Lye 

SA.J.iple Card 

CutdGo r Adve rtising 

Fibre Can & Tube 

}f.ica 

StRy Manufacturing 

Re ady Mi xPd Concrete 

Steel Wool Industry 

Industrial Safety Eguipmen~ 

Horse shoe & Allied Products 

Machine Applied Staples ~ Stapling 1f.achine 

Up nolstery Spring & Concessions Mfg. 

BQlk Dri~~ing Straw, Etc. 

Canva s Gcods 

Beverage Dispensing Equip. 

Fibre & etal Work Clothing BQtton 

:t,yonnai se 

Fullers Ea rth Prod~cing 

Preformed Plastic Products 

Photo ra hic & Photo F~nishing 

Clay Drain Tile MR.n;lfqcturing 

Sand Lime Brick 

Retail Monu.Tilent 

Metal Treating 

EA9anding & Specialty P9.per Products 

v~en Paper Drink, Cup & Round resting Paper Food Container 

Sanitary l0. ilk Bottle Clo.sure 

Tool & Implement 

Hack Sn.w :Slade l!anu.facturing 

Forged Tool Manufqcturing 

Cutlery, Mani r.ure Irrro le11ent & Papers & PA.per Hangers, 

Tool Mfg .. , etc. 

Power & Gang La'7n Mower 

Tackle Block Mfg. 

Reclaimed Rubber Manufactl.,lring 

Peanut Butter 

Transparent lviateria;Ls Converters 

Railroad Special Tr ack Equinment 

Umbrella Frame, etc. 

Sandstone 

Insecticide & Dis~nfectant 

Lightning Rod Mfg. 

Spray Painting & Finishing 

Household Goods Storage & Moving 

Ble-1-ched Shellac I·:ianufactQring 

Boatbuilding & Boat Repairing 

Flexible Insulation 

Retail Rubber Tire & Battery Trade 

Loose Leaf & Blank Book 
414 

84-13 -

84-14 -

84- 5 -

01 - 4 -

84- 16 -

3\' - ? -

419 

4r O 

21 

423 

426 

4:-;? 

4~6 

444 

84-18 -

?75- 1 -

84-19 -

275- 2 -

84-2( -

308- 5 -

84-21 -

84- 2 -

84- 23 -

84-?4 -

347-

347- 7 -

2Cl- R -

84-25 -

84-26 -

347- 8 -

445 

44R 

450 

45f1 

456 

4~8 

46C 

462 

463 

84- 27 -

84-28 

84-?9 -

84-30 -

84-'ll -

84- 32 -

84-33 -

84- 34 -

9844 

cOIII. 

('I bi & 

Ln£> ."'r Cl th l..· .u"lr.'1UP "'d ~"'bri~s 

P0 rc"'l?in ..... 1'-""lP.lin l"f • 

on-:'Pr .. uc; Hot -~ o T~nk 

ronch l'['nUfc cturing 

e~ut & B"l r bPr E01in~o t 

Sneu I';:1 s PnP.r · .f P,; . 

olosFI1.8 Lobster 

Soft Li11e Rocl.: 

'1) S'l.UTI 

, a r blP UF~rrving f· 'J'urni sl1ing 

Jr0...., Forci.ng 

P~uer! r kqrs Felt 

ST)e~i~ 1 t, A~r t . S1 ..,..,nl. 

F1 r ; Rn U?~turinP' 

S.o8 Pa tPrn :f . 

Sere"" Aa chinP Proo.ucts 

A .. ric1.: l tural InsP,ct icidP. & Ftu g icide 

C?u ScrP.q . fg . 

rbon Dioxide 

i.1 .chinA Sere''"' Nut 

Blue Cr ab 

Brigh Wire Goods 1fG• 

Drpuer, & C<?rpPt Haro.,··c:tr8 

?chine Sere ifg. 

ood Sere Ffg. 

• oodrror .ing ['ChinPr. 

Beptes & Jordc:m & A,liP.d. Products 

ho lesRl o, Dry G0ods 

S 0 91 PPckc:t e l:f g. 

S andard Ste"'l B;:~rr'o l & Drum ( . ./:' 

:~ter .eter .;. g. 

Baking 

Oo ticPl ryholosple 

Do g Food 

etal Etching 

Ice Crec:tm Cone 

!ho1P.sflle Con ectionP.rs 

AJ:E (.tF CO E 

Pres""'r e , .fl r Rs chino C Prr:r & GlpcP, Fruit 

0losple -O acco Tr~de 

C?nd. r . tan'l.:'rct, ing 

Galvnnized ro [fg. 

Job Gal Pniz ing ;:~l Coa ing 

7 shin ~? hine Pa r s 

·-ilk & Ice Croam C.::m f • 

?rm Air Furnace . 

Ho Rin & Rin er fg . 

Fl8xible . e R1 Hoso & Tubing 

ir~ Roe & Strand 
CODE liO. 

347- 9 

347-10 

347-11 

347-13 

347-14 

84-35 

4- 1 

347-15 

201-11 

34?-16 

347-17 

347-13 

464 

465 

467 

469 

471 

472 

347-20 

347-19 

347-21 

34?- 22 

34-35 

105- 1 

84- 37 

105- 2 -

d4- 3B 

347-24 -

201-12 

477 

479 

4: 5 

4:: 9 

490 

84-40 

347-25 

347-26 

347-23 

S4-41 

347-30 

201-13 

105- 3 

347-31 

347-32 

347-33 

347-34 

34-43 -

492 

9844 

Di:•m('n(i Ccrd D:cill 

J.icch~n c'"'l Lu.oric.:- t nr 

ont:.. ctn s Funp 

IV. 

·:·8 t:;; .rno•:•c r :Z qui ·1mcn t n~· us try 

Ro l li:::g ::ill itn ch i llOl'Z.' 

Cutting Di e Hf g . 

Refrige r R t ion 

Pulva rizin;; ti8 cr_ ine ry 

Fur iJhcl e sAlin.g & Distributing 

StoRm Eng ine Mf g . 

Rock & Or e Crushing 

Reduction M<:J chine ry 

Coce & Chocola t e Mf g . 

Re t Pil Tob? cco 

Cigr. r 1:r:mufRcturing 

Suly,honat e d Gil Mf g . 

Tr "' ilc r Mf g . 

Wn:..·I!l Air Re g iste r 

Eo is t :Buil de rs 

Hoi s tir:g Engi!le !·:i · 

KiJ_n Cool e r & Drye1· ~.T f g . 

~T E OF CuDE 

Ccnve:ror & H-:. t e ri "l l :i.'Gl')c r-~ tion l\Jl!'"l terial 

Lift Truck t;; Port · blc El · VA t cr 

Automobil e ::-Ic t ·.!!'I t er Hc'-'1 t e; r 

Artistic Light in.e; Equi·')mEm t 

Re·o l a cement '' xlo Sl1P.ft 

Compl e t e ·" ire & Ire n Fence 

Rolle r & Silent Ch:1i!l 

School Supnlie s & Equipment 

Public Sa Ati!lg 

Cole. St or»ge Door r;f s• 

Cotton Gi!lning !.Ir> ch inu ry 

Safe t y Rc:J zor & Sf1 f o t y r-~ zo r ]lr; cle Hf g . 

Im~J ort d. Da t e Pa c1dns 

Cut ~": , .Vire T~ d: & Sma ll St.n11 le l if :.:; . 

Po ue r Tr8nsmission 

C::Jste r & True':: Floor Mf g . 

Wr-~t r Softe ne r & Filte r 

Open Stee l Flooring 

Mu..1ti'l')le V-J3e lt Drive 

Athle tic Gooda Mf g . 

Lenf STJring Mf g . 

Env lo e Mach ine Hf g . 

Air Filter 

Gfls PoFerod Industrir-~1 True -:: 

Sprocl;:e t C:b..ain 

Vitreous Ename led ,1 re 

Stereo type Dry M::-· t 
co-£ :tJ. 

1-14 

347- '"5 

88- 2 

88- 1 

347-3E 

347-37 

347-40 

347-38 

347-39 

347-41 

507 

5' 

275- ,.., 

509 

511 

84-A~n .-

8 48 

Bt._.52 

84-5:, - 34-54 

844 

1 

.. 

· lool~.. .s & l'rinr:li 

Oil Fi~ld ~~nin 

s Distributing 

En ~i. 0 \'f g . 

Filin Surnly 

tir R~sistivc S l' 

Rt..friger3 tin Ia ct incr· 

Co nc et~? .:ix.:;, r 

Dicsal Engine 'fg. 

A C1 " r.fg. 

R il FlY Apuli:mce r:f g . 

Hyd.r~uli c l~c chine ry 

Surg icPl Dist ributors 

,ffi CF CODE . 

7-:. c l 0sAle Plu:·1b inr ProJucts, F.o· tin~ ?rcducts etc . 

In ~us tri ~l Alcohol 

.:'"~rine Equi·)rnent .'f 0 • 

CorrU£Atcd Rolled •. :etr~ l 

:?ly s ·:At te r ·~r f e;. 

Pe rf orR tin0 Mfg. 

ru ulAr lit & GutsiQG 

Li ouid Fuel pu li~nc c 

File :if g . 

Culvert Pin~ 
ORDER 10. 

1-101 

lA-5 

2-3 

2-14 

2-31 

5-11 

15-61 

16-22 

18-18 , 

19-14 

41-18 

42-8 

60-5 

9844 

- I -

LIST G:i!' STAYS IS SUED SU13~~UEl., T TG CuDS 

APP:l.OVAL CC;:!E PrtCVISICNS A?':?ECND - .. 

RCASC j,TS T:-::t::ill".J'CR ------------~~~ CODE 

Cot t0n Textile 

Cotton Textile 

Shi ~build in g and 

Shi .J}repAir-ing 

Shinbuildi ng And 

S' i prel)D iring 

Shi pbui ldi ng Rnd 

Shi-preun iring 

La ce l\1Slnuf<3 cturing 

Men ' s Cl othinu 

Ho _siery 

Cast Iron Scil Pip e 

~7<-Jll Paper 

Women t s :Sel t 

Lu e & Fancy 

Lea t he r 

Retail Drug 

CGJ:i.!: ·p-·{v VIS ION 

1P~ c:i.1ine Ho urs 

Hours (S~t. closing) 

Hours (for c e rtAin 

employees) 

Normal hcurs and overtime tolernnce 

Jorm~l hours and overtime tolerance 

REASON 

Lin i t ed e quiument. -

~pend ng strike . 

To stArt production. 

Additi nal men 

unsatisfActory 

for testing inst::~ll ;=~t ions. 

Eme r gency n.o rk. 

~achine hours (:Barmens Discriminate 

Machi ne) agAinst small 

co!!lpanies. 

L8t'r ning peri od 

:o l'l7l<ql hours 

·£a ch i :1.e LoUJ.1s 

Forma l 'ive e).-:: De riod 

1\iormnl ,-~ee ': ne riod 

~orrnal ·;veek Period 

Peak demands. 

To e na ble employees to learn 

other sk illed operations and 

2 ssure steady ef'1-

:ployment. 

Discriminates 

8g:• ins t sm<" 11 

enterprises. 

ScArcity of skilled 

help and peak dewands. 

Sc11rci ty· ·of sl:illed 

helD and pea k demands. 

Scarcity c. f ~:: illed 

help and p_uAk demands. 

lHnimum "'!F•ge outs ide Until Hearing. 

sales. 1ori c.md drug store 

delivery beys . 
ORDER 0. 

60- 6 

6C- 2 

6C-16 

5-16 

3-17 

3- 22 

5C- 20 

5-22 

71- 58 

71-~ E 

83- 6 

9344 

- I - (Conti nued 

~IST G? STAYS ISSUED SUBSEQ,UE1 T TO CGDE 

APPROVAL - CGDE PROVISIGJS AFFECTED -

------------~REASCrS THEREFO~R~--------

CODE CODE PP.O ISIG REASON 

Reta il rug 

RetAil Drug 

Retail Drug 

Co <. t nnd Suit 

Wool ... extile 

~rmal Dqy period . 

P~l p rovisi ons 

'·ore th;:m one hoUJ 

lunch pe riod. 

Relief for sm~ll 

e n te rpri se s in 

t01.vns of 2500 0r 

le"' s. 

Co nsecutive hcurs for Inventory. 

"'})e ciall y sl:illed emp lo"·ee s . 

- II -

1 .nembe r 0f Co de Autho-Pending amendri ty sel ected from r!ent . 

Infrn ts ~nd Co ats Assn . 

rtules of PrActice 

O.:o is ture :SE~ sis) 

Disclose infornation to co m~e tito 

and nc useful nur· 

p ose. 

·-o ol Textile .....,ules of Pr Actice 

(for e gocds) 

ExyJo rt s.::lles . 

Autom:'l tic Su rin._l er Unf ir me thods of 

compe titicn . 

Pending amendment 

Difficulty cf 

enforcement . 

Co at And Suit 

emi-.Autom::~tic 

Sp rinkle r 

Paint, Prnish, 

enli Lecque r 

Paint, '"' rnish, 

and L!"lcque r 

Q,uotations or sale s on Demor&li zed coninvitation to bid. dition of i ndustr 

l\:ethod of Assessment Non re:p en tiv 

cha racte r of Co d.e 

Authori t ... 

•1 i~ nuf cture Mnd sPle Code conflict. 

of shellac 3n~ rnish 

bel -r1 cos • 

S~l e s bela cost . Processing schedules no t ext ende. 

Busine ss Furniture, Proh ibitin..c; u rice guar- 3.elief to U. S. 

Stor '3;e Eq_uipment , c tc . r::m tee Anc' s le belo· Go vernment 

~ubl is~1ed urice . 
- G5-

ORDE! co..:..,::; 

NO. C .DE "i -~C 1

Tl ...;I Ol'i Ri!JASON 

88-7 Business Furni ture, ctuantity disc ountR 

Storage ..E ·~ ~J~le ilt , 

Relief to u.s. Gqvernment 

etc. 

Business Furniture , Marketing Provisions 

Storage .Equ i:ry .en:t1 

Impractical to deter•· 

1aine whether prices 

conform to code. . 

8 25 

etc, 

Bus~ness Furniture , 

Storage :E q uti: p1.ren·lt ;• 

etc . 

151-5 Millinery 

151-7 Millinery 

151-16 lAillinery 

151-12 Millinery 

151-25 M illine~r 

151-30 Millinery 

151-71 Millinery 

363-11 Men's Nech-rear 

467-2 Cigar lvifg. 

467-7 Cigar Mfg . 

467-27 Cigar Mfc: . 

467-33 Cigar I.1fg . 

9844 

SRles below publist- Relief to U.S. Governad prices to u.s. ment. 

Government. 

Area Rates ~ile incomplete. 

Area Rates Unfair Competitive 

condition. 

Days per week as 2-p- Pending a..'Ilendment 

plied to shipping 

cre·.vs. 

Days :t:e:r week as e:p- :?ile incomplete 

plied to ship)i ng 

cre'.IS. 

Time and one-half 

payment 

Daily hours and 

overtime IRY 

Hours 

F.0.3. deliveries 

Hours, erchan disin~ 

Plan, Wages. 

Wage exeDlption for 

s!lovT Harkers 

Overtir-1e payment 

Wages 

Unfair 2 .. nd di save..nt ageous. 

hicl:::e up ti:r:~e lost 

:Chri st:r.1:1.t :ftay. 

None given. 

Yrrvisi on creates 

confusion and inequ al ties 

Continuation of stay 

in Executive Order of 

Approval 

Operating at a l oss 

Work on Armistice Day. 

Un2-ble to pay code wages 

e.ncl rer11uin in business 
0 ER 

~o . CODE 

467- 45 Cibar ~fg . 

6 5 Ret:'lil rur,. ..:> 

6 105 Retail DruG 

- 66 -

COJE 

PRO I SIO: 

vertime 

~n~mum uages for 

drug stcre deli ve:·~~ 

employees. 

Loss limitati ons 

. . . 

REA SO 

Lincoln ' s Birthday 

Confusion in a:J;-

plication of provision. 
- ( 7-

PART THREE 

EXE ~PTIOl S A.\!D EXCEf:'IIOlTS 

By 

D. L. Bol::md 

... 

9844 
- 8-

I:!TRODUCTIO' 

The purposes of this stud- are t o disclose t he question , probl ems , 

limitatio s nnd deficiencies relating to exemption and exceptions wh ich 

ere pre ented to or imposed upon the -a ticnal Recovery Administr atio n 

in its capacit· <s n 50verrunental at?;enc' charged with the formulation, 

promulgation and administra tion of codes of f a ir compe tition under t he 

terms of t he ational Industri al Recover;;; Act . ( *) The report endeavors 

to treat certain phases of t he above matters , which, in the opinion of 

the aut hor of t he reuort, ar e of primary i mportance . These phases are 

concerned with t he a tional Industri a l 3ecovery .Act Dnd the bases of 

po ver therein contained with r espect to the subject of exe:nptions and 

exceptions; the de lega tion of such p0\7er ; the necessity of such delegatic 

and a recaPitulation of the exercise of such power s , both administrative 

and del egative . 

The r eport a ttempts to p resent an eA.-p lanation and analvsis of the 

various kinds of exemptions and exceptions. The extent of the analysis 

covers the causes of the application or applications or initiations 

thereof , the co nsi der a tions had thereon by the l ational Recovery Adininis· 

tration and the nature of its decision . 

The bases of t he findi:1e;s s et forth in this r eport result from an 

investigation of t he files and records of the ~;ationa l 3ecover y Administrat i on and its offici a l orders which rela te to exemptions and exception 

Lack of time anc'l_ ·oe rsonne l p reven ted an inve stie;ation of a ll t he records 

of the administra tion r elatine; to t h is subject, so for purposes of this 

pr e liminar y report a selected list of codes was drawn up, such list 

bei ng made upon the basis thnt ~~ examination thereof would disclose in 

the m ·n a cross-section of Ar:1erican industry and also a f a irly represent 

tive and reasonable picture of the probl ems and questions presented to 

the Administration i n connection wi t h t h e subject of exempt ions and exceptions. The list of codes is as follo ws : 

Cotton Textile 

Shipbuilding and Shi pr epairing 

ool Textil e 

;lectrical anufnc turi ng 

Coat :md Suit 

Lace ; cnufacturing 

Corset &~ Zrnssiere 

LIST OF CODES EXAMINED . 

Legitimate Full Length Dramatic and .usicnl Theatrical 

Lumber nd Tir!lber Products 

Iron and Stee l 

Photographic :anufacturing 

Fishing Tackle 

Cc 

Ee 

' ru 

Ca 

,, 

.. a 

2e 

ra: 

Rayon and S mthetic Yarn Producing ==~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--------------------------------------1 A1 

( *) 48 Stats. 195 

984~ 9~ 
: 

Men ' s Clothing 

Hoste r y 

• .. f I l o 

r\.,,, 

.... . 

Auto ~n obil e }1anufactur'in~ 

Cast I ron Soi l Pi~e 

all Paper r:anuL1cturinc:; 

Snlt Pro duc ing 

Leather 

1~otion Pic t ure Laboratory 

t I , 1-: •, J- .I " ... . ;·: . 

. -. •' 

U lcer,·enr and Allied Frocluc ts l.ianuf 'lcturing 

Bituminous Coal . . ' 

·O.i l Bl.lrner: 

~so lin e P~p l\.ipnufacturing · · 

T~xtile Bag 

Tr.a n~i t 

Artificial Flo\·e r anrl Fnat her 

Linoleum arid. Felt Base t:anufac.tlJ!ing 

Lime 

Kni tti~ , 3rc:d di ng nnd Yiire Coveri ng M:1.chine 

, •· r 

. Retail Lumber, IJu .. rnbe r Pro duet , Bui~ ing Mnt eri a l s ar..d Building 

. . p~ci l ties 

Launary ' and Pr;:r Cl eaninr Maci1 inerir l.innuf.::1 cturing . 

Textile Machine r y ~: n.nuf c. ctur-l ~1g 

Gl ass Con .~ iner 

Builders Sl1ppli,es Trade 

Boiler I:anufactilring 

Farm Equi :9rne·n t - · 

Electric St Rg~ and Wet rim~ y tt ery 

Women's Belt 

Luggage and Fane.' Leat her Goods 

Ice · . 

~oo t ~d Sp oe ·Manuf o.c turi g 

S~d<;l~€ry anu:f c turing 

:.Motor· Vehic·l'e Retailing Tr ad.e 

. · Bru1lce rs 

. Sil~ 'Tex tile · . .! ~ 

'C)ptical Mal'luf~e tu.Pin ; 

Automatic :sprink ler 

Umbr e lla Manufa cturing 

- Mutual · Savings Banks 

· Haridke::..~chi ef · · 

Th.rowi rig 

Comp ressed Air 

Heat Exchange 

Pump Manuf a cturing 

Cap and Closur e 

Marking Devices 

Ret ai l Trade 

· ... 

.. 

.. 

. ' •' . 

Paint, Varr ish a~d Lac quer Menufacturing 

Business Furniture, Stor ac;e Equipmen t ;:mel FilinE Suppl y 

Asphalt Shingle and Roofing Iv;anufact'll' ing 

9844 

. . , .. 
Dres ':anufacturing 

Pa1- er nnd Pulp 

ill inery 

Can .anuf cturers 

-70-

LIST OF CODES EXM I~ED (Continued) 

dolesaling or Distributing Trade 

Schiffli, the_ and kachine Embroidery, and t e Embroider.r ,href!d 

and Scallo:.o Cutting 

.:en 1 s .:eckwe.'U' 

-~luminum 

Cigar ·ru uf1cturing 

T'.ne objectives of this study have be en mainl y concerned with the 

problem of legislation, keep ing in mind at all times the content of the 

President's letters to the chairmen of certain committees of the Congress 

ith respect to suggestions for future legislation embodying the principles of the NRA . As o. result, the author of t1 e studJ has concerned 

himself vi th the experiences of the ational R~cover .. Administration wi th 

exemptions and exceptions as a le0 islative question , the extent of the 

power to grant exemptions and exceptions, t he llinitations upon such power , 

the me~hods of use a~d exercise of that power, the methods of the delegation of such power, and constructive sugge stions as to the subject in 

general . The outline of the study which is attached herato is much more 

comprehen sive and includes phases of the study qhich are not made part 

of this preliminary report, some of which are problems of procedure, administrative detai 1, relat ionsl1ips with other governmental agencies, 

more critical analyses of the subjects of this report and evaluations of 

experiences relative thereto. This preliminary report is rather concerned wi th the more important and substantive subjects hereinabove 

mentioned . 

:·o attempt has been made to extend the scope of the study or the 

sources of material thereof beyond the actual files and records of the 

ational Recovery Administration. T'nese records do not include those 

of code authorities , other governmental agencies, or private individuals. 

o colference s have been had with any such agencies or individuals. In 

short, it is the intention of this report to present in preliminary form 

some answer to the question - What did the ational Recovery Administration do in the exercise of its power to grant or deny exemptions from 

and exceptions to code provisions? Again, it is the intention of this 

stud' to present in likewise preliminar~ form some answer to the questionat should an~r future governmental agency embodyin& the principles of 

NRA be emyo ;ered to do with respect to exemptions from and exceptions 

to code pr ovisions? 

9844 
-71-

The Nation'1l Indust :cial 'Cuvt~ r;y Act (*) bec e l aw on June 16, 

1933 . Title I of such Act r el a t un to indust r i a l recovery, and provided 

in general for the set-up of various codes of fair compe tition. 

Section 3(a) of th~ Act st es as fol lows: 

11 Upon the applicat i,o n to the Pre id nt by on e or more trade 

or indu~trial associations or groups, the President may approve 

a code or codes of fi::lir competition for t he trade or industry 

o:c subdivi sion thereof, represent ed by the applicant or 

appli cru1ts , if the Preside nt finds (l) that such associations 

or :;;roups i mpose no iJ?-~quit r=(ble r est:cictions on admi ssion to 

membe:c ship therein and nre trul~.r represent at ive of such t redes 

o:c industrie s or subdivisions t hereof, and ( 2) that such code 

or codes are not desi r;necl.. to promote monopolies or to eliminat e or oppress small en t erpri ses an~ will not operate to 

discrimi nate .:waL1st them, and will tencl to effectuate the 

policy of this title: Provi ded, That such co du or codes 

shall not perMit monopolies or monopolistic practice s : 

Pr ovidec1. fu.c t her, That where s1J.c11 code or co de s affect the 

services a.L'1d wel fnre of pe:csons eng aged in other st eps of 

t he economic process , nothi ng in this section shall deprive 

such persons of t he risht to be heard prior to approval by 

t he President of such co de or code s. The President may, as 

a condition of his approval of any such code, impose such 

conch tions (including requir ements for the making of reports and t he keeping of accounts) for the protection of 

consumers, compe ti t ors, employees , and others, and in 

fu~· th rance of the public intere st, anQ.. ma~r provide such 

exceptions to and exemp tions from the provi sions of such 

code, a s the Pr esiQent in his discretion de ems necessary 

to eff ectuat e t he olic ~,r he l~e in det l ared. 11 

It is to be noted tha t und.er t he t erms of this particular 

section the President was de l egated c ert ain power to 

11 * * * impos e such conditions (including r'equirements 

for the maki ng of reports 8l1d t l e ke r3ping of a ccounts) 

for the prot e ction of consumers, competitors, employees, 

and others, and in t he furtheranc e of the public 

interest, and may pl·ovid.e such exceptions to and exemptions from the provisions of such code , a s the 

President in. n1s discre tion deems ·necessary to effectuate the po lic~ r herein declared. 11 

(*) Public Resolution No. 67, Hous e Res olution No. 5755, ?3d Congr e ss, 

48 Sta ts. 195 

9844 
-72-

It is n:rrnrent f..: om this particular sl;,jct ion that Congr essional de l egation of po,er had been made up to the President to grant exemptions 

and exceptio1 s from the provisions of codes approved under the provisions of t e said Section 3(a) . Tnis sentence gives the President 

pO\:er to do tv:o things: 

(l) To impose certain conditions: and 

(2) To Jrovide exceptions and exemptions. 

As to the fi st , it says he 11 may , as a condition of his approval 

of an- such code, impose sue condi'tions 11 • 

As to tne second, it is said he 11 ma:r provide such exceptions to 

and exemptions from the provisions of such code , etc . 11 

A careful reaQin~ of the grant of power reveals that the clause 

11 as a condition of his approval of any such code 11 surrounded bv commas , 

is in tGrpo sed. 'between r!P~ft1and 11 impo se 11 , \'.'here as later 11 may11 is again 

reneated and plo.ced just before 11 provide 11 wi thout an~r such interposition . 

It must follow , therefore , that the very language of: the act is such 

that no time condition is expressed , limitiug the po~e r to grant exceptions and exemptions . 

Section 4(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act provi des as 

follows : 

11 The President is authorized .to entel' into 

agreements 1ith , and to ·appro ve voluntary agreements 

between and among , persons en5aged in a · trade or 

industry , labor organization , and trnde or in4ustrial 

organizations, associations, or groups , relating to 

any trade or industry , if in his judgment such agr eements will aid in effectuating the policy of this title 

ith respect to transactions in or affecting interstat e 

or foreign commerce, and ill be consistent with the 

requirements of clause (2) of subsection (a) of section 3 

for a code of fair competition . " 

~nis section contemplates the creation of voluntary agreements 

bet 1een the President and various groups , but exercise of the authorit.,r is subsequently conditioned upon the requirement that the agreement is consistent 'ith the provisions of the second clause of 

Section 3(a) herein- above set forth . ~nis clause refers to monopo l ies 

and it ma~r be argued that the authority conferred upon the President 

by Section 3( a) to e;rant exemptions and exceptions from the ·prov·isions 

of codes ~rplies to Section 4(a) agreements insofar as monopo l ies and 

opurcss ior. of s,:~all enterprises are concerned . 

844 

Section ?(b) of the Act is as follows : 

11 The President shall , so far as practicable , afford every 

opportunity to employers and employees in any trade or industry 

or subdivision thereof with respect to ·which the condit ions 

referred to in clauses (l) and (2) of subsection (a) preva il, 
-73-

to est:,bli sh by r:rutual ngr -- •,mcnt , the s t arr<in.rds '.iS to the 

maximum hours of l .:1.bor ? ini:"ru~:' r :J.t (=: s of pa:,r, Clh(l such other 

co:1di tions of cmp o;rrn ~_,nt as lh;/ "'J8 n..;cosc nr~r in suer<. tracie 

or indus tr or subr1_i vi sio::1 tflt,;l' 00f to effectua te the .Pc licy 

of this title , alld t he st nndr1rds esktblished in such agl~ee

r.lents , when ppro v cd. by t r·1e rre~ t, sho l l h ave the same 

effect as a cod~ of fail conpe titlon , ppprovcd by the 

President 'lmder "U'bnection ( a ) oi' section 3 . 11 

Sec tion ?(c) of the Act provides: 

11 Where no such mutual agree~ent has been approved by the 

Preui den t he may i nvestigate the l abor pr:.1ctic es , po lici e s, 

weges, hours of l abor, and conditions of emp loyment in such 

trade or i ndustr;.' or subdivision t hereof; and upon the b asis 

of such investigations, and a fter such hearings as the 

Pre "' ident fi::1ds advisable; . . he is autho rized to p r escribe a 

limited co de of fair cornpeti tion fixint-; suc:1 r;1axi mum hours 

of l abo r, r1inimum rat e s of pay , ;:·nd o t heT condi tions of 

employment in t he tra de or nG.ustr~r or subdivision th8reof 

investigat e d as he f inds to be ne cessary to effectuate the 

pol icy of thi s title , :1h i ch shall have the same effect as 

a code of fai r compe ti.tion ap:rroved by t he President under 

subsection ( a ) of s ection 3. Tne President may differentiate 

accordine; to experienc e and sl;:ill o f t h e emp loyees affected 

and according to th8 locality of em lo ~ent; but no attempt 

sha ll b e made to introduc e any classification according to 

the nature of the wo rk involved which mi gnt tend to set a 

maximum as VJe ll a s a minimum "age . 11 

The above t wo sections contempl ate circumstances unde r which 

maximum hours 'of l abor and minimum r !J t e s of pay and other conditions 

of employment might b e made the subject of an agreement between the 

PresicJ.ent, employe:rs and employees of any tra de or industry or subdivision t hereof ot the occ asio::1 of the exercise of t he power by the 

President to prescribe a limi ted co <ie of fair competition as to 

maxim~~ hours of l abor, minimum r a t es o f . p ay and other conditions of 

employment. The agreements so c ontempl ated unde r the t erms of 

Sections 7( b) and 7( c) necessarily v:ere t o b e conside r e d as having 

the same effect as a code of fair comp e t i t·ion approved under the provisions of Section 3(a). ~n e effect of this declaration carried the 

full authority conferr ed in Section 3( a ), which, as he re:imabove 

mentioned, conferred upon the Pre sident the poner to grant 

11 * * * exceptions to * * n.nd exemptions f rom.** * the p rovisions 

of such co des * *". 

Tho administration of the Act necess a rily r eCJ.uired some latitude 

of administrative discretion. The p rovision made therefor was Section 

lO(a) of the Act, which is:-

9844 
-?4-

11 The resirl~nt i"' autho :ci zed to prt: scribe s ch rules 

and gulations as may e necess y to carry out the purpo e ot this title , anr fees for license3 an for filing 

odeG of fqir competition and agreements , and any violation 

of any uch r le or re.:;ul ation shall be punishab le by fine 

of not to exceed $500, or imprisonment for not to exceed 

six months , or both . 11 

Section lO(b) provides:-

11 The President may from time to time cc:mcel or modify 

any order , approval, license , rule or regulation issued 

under this titl e ; and eacn ae;reement , code of fair competition , or license approved , prescribed , or issued under 

this title shall contain an express provision to tha t effect . 11 

The po·wr con:..erred upon the Presi dent by these t wo sections 

permitted di cretion in the grant or denial of exemptions or exceptions, 

authorized the creation of rules and regulat.ions relating thereto and 

the cancellation and modification of any order , rule or regulation . 

These sect ions enlarge upon the po•.-;rer conferred to gran t exemptions 

and exceptions 'Ni th t he furtner addi tional re quiremen t that eA cll code 

contain the expr ess provisions of Section lO(b) , which seems to be the 

safest to r est the power to grant exemptions . and exceptions. 

The powe r conferred upon the President as set forth above i s 

bro ad and sub j ect to f ew limita tions. These limitations are expressly 

set forth as follows: 

In Se tion 3(a) -

11 for the protection of consumers , competitors , employees 

and others and in the furtherance of the public interest 

* * * as the President in his discretion deems necessary 

to effectuate the policy herein declared . " 

Section ?(b) provides -

11 as may be necessary * * * to effectuate the policy of 

this title ; * *. u 

Section ?(c) provides 

11 * * as he finds to be recessary to effectuat e the policy 

of this ti t l e . 11 

Likerlise Section lO(a) contains a lirr.i.ta tion ups:m the exe cise of 

administrative discretion -

11 as may be necessary to carry out the pul~poses of this titl e". 

9844 
-7'3-

An examin.:.ttion o:f ectio!l l , ':::'i"v ~ I, o.J_· thu lJ.qtional Industrial 

Recov er~; Act d is c loses 'l l c i"'_~~,; -. · c.~cL .... _·:· tion o:l the existence of 

a great n c. tiona l 8!1lt:l\~enc~' nncl ,<Jl: ~,_, V&J'ious v\'idesprea d probl ems and 

conditions in A,n1etican nc~.US t1·:· r.tn,-=:_ l c-1 b0r \.'h ich, thl'Ou._;h the extent 

of their seriousn~Jss ai1<l effect noJc '.3ssaxi l ·.r re o.uir ecl the exercise of v -

great ad.mini s t rati ve di .:;cr,.tion on t he part of the person charged with 

the adminis tration oi tile law . These les i sl n.t ive dec l arations set 

forth the po licy and puTpos e s of tho;; Act and as such constitute the 

standards to vvh ich the Pr esi dent was re q_uired to adhere and act as 

l _imitations upon the grant of power hereinbefore mentioned. 

7he l ee;i slative hi'3tory of the lJIRA is particularlJr meager upon 

the q_uestion of exemptions Pnd exceptions to codes. An examination 

of the co mrnittee reports in both House s, the hearings before those 

committe e s, and the debates L1 Uo.1gress upon the submi ssion of the 

Recovery Bi ll i ts~lf fu..,.n i shes onl ' 7 sli6h t support to any po licy of 

making exemptions to the operat ior1 .of codes. However, such mRterial 

as may possibl y be r egarde d as bear ing l\P')n t he point i s herewith set 

forth . 

RegRrding Section ?(c) of th ~ Act , !Vir. Richbers had this to say 

befor e t he Co!'Ilf'li ttee on W r1~rs 2I'.d I.:e:ms of the House : 

11 • • • I -.d ll just r e f e r ;rou to t :1e next section on page 

8 , whe1·e the Presi dent is aut:'rl r~ zed 9 wh ere no mutual 

agreement has been approved , to inves-tigate the concH tions 

::md to · · s tr~o li sh c: l"i;nit \~c-:_ ·c r::·f! ~· of . f a i r co::-£re t:.. tion ':1hich 

fixe s rnax ~rr.U.T!l hCU.I'S of_ :_ . .:l. JOi:; ::-1n ~U: 1 Tate s 0f flly , ·and· 

other workin~ .cdnditions; and on page 9 the spec ific 

provision is made tha t 1 t he .Prasident may differentiate 

according to experi enc e w .d ·skill of the employees affected 

and according to t h-3 l ocali t =r of emp o~nnen t 1 • And that is 

the thoug:h.t c'7hich ::.·1.....ns t h r ou:;hou t the 'b ill, £IS I understand 

it. 11 (Page 71, Yay 18 , 1933). 

Conc erning the ~"..11e ser.tion of the Act, Sen a tor Wagner had this 

to say befor e a hearing of the s a.:.'le c.orw·1ittee : 

9844 

11 ., • • Wher e no c.greement c a n be rc:ac:1ed or has been 

approved, the Pre sident i s authoriz ed to investigate and 

to prescribe by wa~r of a limited. coc.le or as a part of a 

gen er a l code the stand<1r d s o_ hours , '.'age s and conditions. 

11 0 f course , in thos e cases, in h is investigat ion he must 

take into conside ration t he loca lity, difference in the 

cost of ·l iving in certain localities, and other matters 

vvhi ch enter into a determination of hours an0. wages and 

conditions, with wh-ich we are all fruniliare 11 (Hay 19, 1~ 33 . 
-? f.- ~ , . .. 

As finnll. passed , SGction 7(c) of t11c Act ·ivr:>s definite sanction 

to a difierentia ion -

11 accorC:.in,; to experie:.ce and s' ";: ill o: ti.1.e emp loyee s affected 

and accordinE; to t} e loc ality of the emp lo~, 1ent •11 

Therefore , the .eanin.:; oi the ·.d.ct upo:. th i s po int se·-ms to have been 

we ll pr esented at the foregoine; committ ee 1 earinb . 

Conc erniN; Sec t ion 4( a) of the Act , Sen'lto :..· rlar;ner said at the 

hearing before the Committee on Finance ~ t:i1e 'Jni ted. States Senate : 

11 •••• In ad· ,i tion to the voluntary coc'e , ant. the compulsory 

ode , there i also provision that A portion of an industry 

may enter into sowe agreeme!lt that i. di .cf erent :f.~. om tne 

codes , because t he e;overnr.1ent t akes it :)Ut of the code for 

some specific purpose . For instance , in some locality 

conditions exist t hat do not exist vithin the trade generally, <mel that may require , rather than an exception in 

the code , a definite agreemen t bo t 1roen. the Governnent and 

the individual industry . 11 (Page 3 , May· 22 , 1933). 

This r ecognition of di:ffc;rer ... tiation y l oc alit' appl ies only to 

the agreem·"' n t features , nd does not b;y' its t erns apply to vo lUI tary 

codes and compulsor~ coci.e s . 

The followint: brief colloqu;:r ~_~tm Senators La Follette and 

agner at another hearing before the same committee rel at es t o Secti on 

lO(b) of the Act : 

Sena tor La Follette . 11 Senator W8.6ner , did you c:nd your associates 

consider t he advis&bili t•r of conferring. po 7er upon the President 

to amend or revoke tnese code s of fair compe titi on i n cases here 

it 1as demonstrable that t he ~ublic interest was being injured 

by t he i r continuance?'' 

Sena to r Wag. e r . 11 That is right in the act . He rna;; rrodify , 

cancel , or do anythin€ to the order . 

Section lO(b) of the Act seems to be the saf est r eliance in 

justifying exemptions and excep tions to codes. The wording of the 

Section is so broad that the President seems clearly to have the . , 

pov-·er of granting exemptions and exceptions. ( *) 

The report of the House Committee on Ways anQ ~enn s upon t he Recovery Bill has little to say vhich bears upon the subject of exemptions 

and exceptions. The fo l lo:lint; are the only exceJ.:·pts from the r eport 

hich C~ e in point : . 

(*) It is inter_sting to not \3 that t '1e Administrator assumed he had 

power to grant exemptions - See Off ice Order , December 7 , 1933 -

although the po ne rs conf erred by Section 10 had been reversed by 

the residt:nt (See Executive Order 6205-A) NRA files. 

1)844 
- 77 -

11 ••• If codes , R ·::. c-.: 0'1t~ , ar lic c~13 ' -,..,rove f ::.ulty , the u ower 

is r\. st:rv..:d to tiw ?~· L:s i ·.1'v , ·:. cl, r sccti ,.., n 9 (b) , to cance l or 

modir~r ~'1~' or or, a·),)ro·r.,l, license:; , r- le or re~lation issued 

unC..er t l1L, title ." 

Section 9(b) l at8r b~came Se cti0n l OC) as fina lly en8qt,)d : 

11 ••• Wher ,as a codC' of f a ir co:noetition wil l b e made for an entire 

tre.de Ol' industry ancl rtmst be ltlad.e by those t rul y r epresen tative of 

the trade or indus tr~ , these vel unt nry ac;reemen t s can be en t ered 

into by p arties in a! industry or in more than one industry. The 

code bi:1ds a ll persons engae:;ed in a trade or industry, but an a t:;reemdnt bi~ds only those ent e ring i nto it. nus t ho urovisions for 

codes ru d {'~ oeme nt supplement e a ch other and· -provide a thoroughl y 

fl exibl e ~a~h inerJ of industrial oneration .n .(Pages 3 . and 4 of 

House Report No . 159 , supra ) . 

Of course , the last o·f· the fore5oing excerp ts mer el y e.x:p l c:.ins t he 

difference octween a cod.; and a vel un tery ac r eement. If anything is to 

be gained f rom this uo rtion of the rdu ort it would s eem to b e tha t codes 

are presumed to be bincling ·u pon all mnmbers of an industry alike . 

In the r e·oort of the Sm at e Com:rni ttee on l inance Uf)(m the National 

Industrial Re cove r y Bill t he re is nothing which r el ates to the subject 

of exceptions and exemp tions . ( *) 

From t he debates in Cone,;re ss 'v7e likewise f i nd little J·nate ri a l. The 

followint:; excernts from the Col10 ressional Record a r e suostan:tially a ll 

of the materia l whicl1 i s r e l ev:1n t: 

9844 

The Presi ding Of "' ice r. C.:r. ·rJe,:l y _in the cha ir. ) "· •. • ~e next 

amendment v:as , oil page 7 , line 21, after the name 1Pr esident,t1 to 

insert I shall find tha t de structive wac;-e. or: n rice cutting or other 

activities con tra ry to 't he ':)Olicy of ti.1is title a r e b einE?; p r ac ticed 

in any c;eot;rauhic-al are a or· in any :subd:i vision of any trade or industry, and ••• I 11 (P ~"8 5255 , Sena te, ·June 8 , 1933) 

Mr • . Blc>.ck. n·,:r. Pre sident , t4ere \7as c:m amendmen t pendine:; to that 

particular amendment . T:1a t wc,s t ne pendins que~ tion , as I understood . The amen0.men t was to strike from t h e arnendr.1ent . t he words 

1 in any geographica l area l. II (Page 5255 ,. Senat e , June 8 , i933) 

Mr. George . 11 ••• If t he Senator from '.iississipp i is E?; Oi ~g to 

insist upon it, I shall move to strike out 1 i n any geog r aphi c a l 

area or' on uage 7, and the same l anguage on -pae;e 8 of the: b:i.ll. 11 

See footnote on n ext uage . 
-? -

r. I~.., rir;o~ . t1 n..'! I GCI.:r to 1 e Sen· ,tor from Gcor ia that 

I c.-, not L1·istin_; ·rticul··1·1~r )1 l)l'O.•)O~ itio:J. in that 

rcga:-d , bec.mse ilis f\,Je 'l(ll1t , . .3 o·.f0rc<i. in t :v:; corclittee , cmd , of coursu , I L Jel th: .t I ou.r L t to ~.:; tond by the 

a ction of tLe cm;•:ittco ; .:>l1t Gme1: .l Johnson , when heappe~re<l before tre conr i ttce , r:~.i0. he did not think it was 

nec essary as to tl is mntte1·. I :-.sl:ec1 una:."limous consent 

for t he r econsider ation of the vote by which it was adopted in order to gat t e ma tter before the Senate, so that Tie 

could dispo se of it. u 

.:r . Georce . 111 make thc.t motion , lvt .. ~. President, ond suggest tne absence of a quorum unless it is accepted. 1

1 

:!r . Presiding Officer. liThe c:tbsence of a quorum is suggested. The clerk will call the roll. 11 (Page 5259 , 

June 8th, 1933.) 

Aft er a roll call with 92 membars ans-rering , the foregoing discussion of licenses under Section 4( b) of the Act ~as continued. Secion 4 (b) Tias fin all y passed ni thout the l;rovision as to geographical 

areas. 

The follon-ing r emar ·:s of .. r. Black illu strate the opposition to 

the unsuccessful attemp t to mD.l:e the license features have a geographical aspect : 

11 • • • I strenuously object to ht•.ving any one state marked 

off Tiith lines around it , and the statement made to the 

public that tl~re is an infe c tion in that State in a particular industry. It seems to me · tha t we should e~ther 

have the rules applied to an entire industry or that they 

should not 8pply to it G.t all. I can see nothing fair , when 

there might be an investigation of some cou~laint made about 

one State , saying that 1re will re quire ev'cry person engaged 

in the business in that St a te , dr awing a line around it, to 

be licensed, but tha t Tie will make no such requirement of 

those engaged in the same industry in any other State ••• u 

(Page 26~ , June 8 , 1933) 

This p ortion of the legislative history seems of .<loubtful value to 

us because the license features of the Act were not exercised by the 

Pr e sident, and his po 1er to license e>..-pired by the terms of .t he Act a 

year earlier than the other p rovisions of the Act , 

---- ~--

(*) See Reuort o . 114 of the Senate, 73d Congress, lst Session . 

9844 
-7'-Jv '"' --- - -- ~--

.An 11 ~'xen)ti::m 11 in t_e -:-l~(-~.n:~ r~/ nec·n i i1G c::' t >.c wcrrl is 11 t :·_e act 

o:: e. em_)ti:1 ~: Ol' stc-.te oi bein,.:, e~c-=-~·,:/~~ d; :L'reecl.c:.l f r ::m :-tny c~1arge, 

burden , evil, e tc . , t o v:~_ic:_ ot~_ers :.re subject; i muuni ty; priv i lege; 

* * *II (*) 

cccrcl:...n[; to t.1e str1ct le6Dl clefi n i t 1cn t-1e term 11 exem•)tion 11 

rel c te s 11 to ~ e ri g1 t g.~. ven by l arl ~ a cieb t 0r t c r e t a in a l)Orticn 

c·.- :_is ~) c_)e rt y wi ~lGu t its be inb lJ.sble t c: execution .e.t t :_e sui t of 

a credi t or, cr t _, a cUstress fer rent . 11 (**) 

T1e o r c--..in,.,_ry me2n1nt:, of t . _c terr.1 11 e::c e~'tic:n :t is 11 t~;. e e.c t of 

exce--) tlnb or e:~ecunn.:; ; excl usi c.1 ; restriction by t al':: inc:; out s::;me1in_;; Y.'.~l ll ~_e \lise nuu.L._ be L1c l-J.c1ed. ; 2.s _n a. class, state::1ent , 

c :._~ ro .. I e . -

11 T-.1c:- t \Lic~.c is ex e~1 e6. O i.' t 2lcen c-ut fro:.1 o t>.e rs; 

Jerscn , ~~i~; , c r c~ ~e s~ecif ed es distinc t , c r 

not L1cL;.cleC. ; c..s , al . .1cst e7e ~' t,ene:;_~e.l n;.le ~~as 

i ts exce_1 ti vl". . 11 (***) 

~l e 1 e.~~al r.1e.:-.nin~ ')I t : .. e ten1 11 ex o~1 ::.o n 11 --~:-. s sev e r a l a_))l icat i ::ns , bu t ±'o r ~le _TLl.r~Y Ses cf t-·:...s ~- u-:·_y :.:efc;r s torn exclusion 

f rom ~1e t;e:<ler c..l :;_'l.llos r.nd ():_:-3r::- t icns ~f t~ .e lc:•.-1 . (* ***) 

T~ l3 I~ a tionc:.l Rec cv ery Ar32'n ::.. n.:. c:: tr2.t i -:·n f r .)::-J t> e ,'u_ t se t recognized 

i t s _pm;er t : t:,rc:mt exo;-n--Y'-io::s :- _1_ exce ) JGi c-:1s . ? .ra,;Tc:)h 14 of t:.1e 

or i ::; i :>."'.al Fi.~ si cl. ent ' s =-:.ecr.1_Jlcy:ner: t A6i.~ee~. 1ent ~, :.::.u.lletin Ho . 3 , 

Natio:lc?~ 3.ecover7 .h.c.: Enist:.~c> j_-n , oft: e ?LCS:'..c'.~:n s neem:ployment 

Pr oGram , Jul~r ~~0 , 1c33 , s:._)eCl:i.':i_cD.ll:r :_-Tovi.cle:l.-:: ~- :_)e t 1 t:i ons _f o r s tays 

of t > ..e )&rt lculc-r :;r ovisicns ~)f'l11.. cin; [. SU.n:ic.·.r y i'1v est i::.;c;.ticn oy l~RA . 

fn' ' ~ l f t ~ • J.. " T :') ' "' _:j ( "" t J.. '].' t ' 1 \ , ' l .L ~le OrQer OI D.)~)TOVa_ G le I :'.I'StJ _,..: ... ., vS cO vO vOn ex l _ e ) WL11C!l 

( * ) 

(** ) 

(***) 

( ) 

9844 

-iiTeb s ter' s Fe··.7 I:i.1 t e r n::. ticnc'J :Ui c t ionar y y:i' ~le Engl i s~1 La'1g;uage , 

G. ~C . !ter ri&n Co . , l S''<":: , a t ··) . 767 . 

Bouv ier' s Law Dic t lc.,n.--'.:- 'y , J.a·;!le 1 ~> Tlnrd Bev ision , Vol. l , 

:.'• 1152. 

-.-:ebst e r ' s Ne-,-v In rnat :i.o~al :Uictiona.ry or' t _:e 1:nglis~l 

c: ,;uE.-._.~ , G. c_ 8 . ~~erric:.:~1 Co . , ~34 1 at -). 7C3 . 

Bouv ::.er 1 s :..JD.'i·F Di c ti0na;.7 , ~i.av1le 1 s ~lirc-;. 

) . 1108 . 

' 

__ evl . s1on , Vel . 1 , 
- dC.:> a ec . .., e..: c tim~ s o ccrt~L'1 MeJ.bPr" ~ t' ~ · r~ ilstry f r an 

t ."' ovisi ns re i::::-:r..:; J.acJ· .. c _ J..r li! ~ticns . C'~le USL; r.f ~~i" 

v·· ·:er C' t lUG I JUt n:: ~d..:1i.Hi·~tr"'tlVE: ;.i.,tp., •t t" d0.L'"ne ~iC terr.!~ "sta 

" J ·e ti n " .·nL .. "c;:co tirn " '·' :::-0 used ... s-rnc:-1 .r·usly :Jnd .,; t:1cut re1.rd t1 r y : rtl rJ oJ tt ,fu1i t.:..on "'n-: st..,tv~ncnt :.f 'v. e ~-co E' 0f tl.e 

~ t . ., VAl'i u:: terus. 'Ihi s j! tBrclJa.i1.ge of ·. e use of t :1e 

t _ 1s neccs < ri..ly rc~uJ_ecl cl~ri.!.lC"'.tion an· on :.1ry ":· , 193~" , 

llS . Jc n '· • AdJ.1iL~ r:~ orfJr InC:.us tr if-~..1 --ec~ e1 , or Adl:rinist!.· t1· r ..:~LL'r :~o . X- 2.7, ::r ~rc,:·!.bed I1.1L83 a':'lcl ru~1.1ln :c'l'ls CGncc rn 1n g 

e:ccc·)ti.:; ... c.- C'nd exe;· Jt).ons l r o.71 a ~ved ccr1es of fair c o.:1...,e ti- - . t ion . Tl1e order defil:ed t.1~ tcr.1 11 e;:e:-n>ti.)n 11 :-s follcns : 

11 _~e tJ r. :~ ' exer:: .. tion 1 s:!.;.lJ include 1 8·ce.·ticns' 

a~1t1 1 ·;tRys 1 anc1

• a 1 rul ·l cs VI~ ereb;,· an ir:.d.; ·irtual , 

grvu_J c·r class ~ s rel .... .-sec: f r .. m ~lc full O")t3 r <J.ti')n 

of e. >r ov i sion .... f r coC•.e . 11 

It ~ill be seen : r c;1 t:1is ."..,.'~.~u. s~r.., j_ c definit:..cr. t~ a t ~.c ter m 

11 exe.n 1tion11 and 11 c:·c e_Jt icn 11 r~lc>te6 t·: ;,.... :c 0J ~· "e .: r o!:l an .:n)r1. vecl 

cocle .:-·.nc t •.. ~.t t~:e int en t ion c.r: t ,e \.cu.Ln.:. :; t rnt i:m rr.', t o ccns.:..der 

t: eu in t: e sc· . .Je .. 1ennin._; and sense . T:ns Mi...1i1inist a:~.:. c 'll;fi i t ... on 

C'Jnti·mel~ tc be o.1er ativ e un t il c?.))r ,..xi:-:-.:.,.,.telJ Se.•tG 1~1e r 1 , 19:3.( , v1~1en 

t :e Administre t i')n issuecl. an v:' . .'fice :·anual. :?£"r ·. III , ·x:.:.· . ,...5210 , 

of t: c Office · ·2.nual , dec c r .. te.::. t . . e t er u.1 " exe .. (~ .i.Cln 11 • .s f.::>llo ·:s: 

11 T:. c tor: .. 1 E.·c:n :.ti cn 1 1ncl uies any rul i n.; n:1ercby 

an in:.iv _d.u&l , g r ou:.) , o r class v1i ~_in an inclust r y L> r leased f r c . .~ ~ e f1.1ll c~_)e_ation cf a C:)C.e 

y r cvis.:.ou . 11 

11 TO )TG!?Crv e Un1f01.1i ~T .)f u.::c:._;e t .. e ter .1 1 J:(CG t :_,.1:8 I 

will ne t be u s ee".. as 8. ST.1on~rrn fe r ~xer'l'tions '. 

Sue>. Office :cm'lE.l cont<.•ins t~:c foll::)\•Ji::n_; stc.t e:-1en t : 

11 Su-)ersed""n,~ ell "?rev :ous Of: .. ~ ice : r de s r-mi. :;e':lo r anda , 

incl J..<lin, all c"..:nin i s rR tiv e :. rclers <.md all E.:ecuti ve 

Cr clcr" r~i t t..,eneral a~1~1l ic~tio.l of i.::U.. '' 

II It is 

11 mo eL .... .:..nate all ccn~l1.cts ancl 

obscur:..ties in exlstins cf;ice 

Orclc s , Gffice i.iemorw "'.a , and 

Ac".mi.. istrc:..t_v e (L~rs . II 

11 :on co ... _letion .)f t. e fi t 

eclit <:n ~.11 )rev icu'i ~f.~.ice _:.U.srs 

..., .C:.. .. e .. ranc .. C? •• ill be rt;v ol:erL" 
- 81 -

I t ·.:ill o n: e-~ frorr: t :' ::'O'WC t -·._:-.. t _t: 9 ~'"f f:.,_ e '.!cL'1UaJ. v a ries 

from t >e deL' " ·1.:. t i.,n s et :~:t:_ i n \.G~'l jnit:: :~ n. e ')rde r X- 27 . Acco rd.:.ng 

t 'J t :1e st t: te::->G'l t of t '. e '~ r-- .n,.t ... ·n -·f ~.e r,r :iice i:Innual t Le tenns of 

AJ.mini c trc:.ti\'o Cr t"l c;r .. -- 7 wvre su _-er ;ed ed. nncl acc lln ly wo J..ld -be 

af : ect ecl , but e .::.ut:.o r of tl10 u~1o:: t, du.dnc: t~ e c ourse of his i nve c-; ti~c. tj_ on , c nnf e rred. ni t~ l l.1 r . I:iel v i n Sims , ASS .L :=ta n t Cou!l sel of t J.1. e 

Lebal Di vi s:. .... n of t.u. c ~JA. r e.;<•Xii n.;; ele :lef l n i tio!lS of e t e rms 

ll exe:n JtLns 11 c:· :1cl ll ex)l&:la t i :} n 311 conta ··_n e C.. i n t:.e Cffi ce ltianual . 

::r. i.·~ s wa, a l.~e .. tbe:i.' ')I t .:.lC u0fil.'i1i t tee ll.y _'"~ oin ecl by ~:e AdL1in i stre.t Jr 

to ::.,-'re_>o::rc t .e C ff: ce Hanue.l ~ . . .'EJ.S vt ell c::. c~u i: l_ Vii tll tb. e circumst ences surrc·,mC:. :-u~ inc l-usi on o· Pa 1: t :::rr , P:·,r. 3210. !ilr. Sir;1s ex-

~) l['..in~ ~' e v al:·: t:.nce in t:.-.2 t ~:e l~ef l· en ce t o .e term 11 exce·q t ion11 

r elet eC.:. .::.n l - t r t :1 e 3i t u ati o:r. cre>.tecl by t :.1e Presi denti c:-.1 use of t!1 e 

t er.n tr x: ce _1 ti 1~ 11 i n :::::xe\,;u t i v e C•rJc r 6€ ~6 latin r~ t 'J Governmen t contra cts ~ v~ -:->.t it ~ t1e }.n nt a of t .. J.e clr&f t crs c f e ')ffi c e 

I·anuG.l t o tr ::-· t t .. c bc.t :1 t 8r .ls c.,s syno nor:lo-,ls v:i t :1 t '·le one u i f f e ren t 

in st ance r:;e:'! t ic"ec. . .~.- o c t .10 r ,:) f:f .:.c L~l u 3m nL; trn t i ve defini ·Gi ons 

of 1e t e r ms ~~ av e b eon ':le..d.e B_nc-:. fe r e ur~) os s of this r e:.:Jort t ·1e 

o r igLl8l in t en -:.i c1n of ~1e )._LLLiin l str?. t i -Jn s~l< ll be foJ.loHed an<". t > e 

terms " exen_-' tL,n !:n a:1cl · li ex~ e-" ti n s 11 s:·.c.ll be used synonomously . ,• . '· 

9844 
/ 

- . 

CHAP~::: I II 

D~L~GAI'IO T 0.!! P0\7ER mo G.R:Jir OR n·:;:-rr 3X.Z .. 1PTIO"iS PJ... D EXC'ZPT IO S --~ ---------------

nd~r tho tcnns of Section 3(t:>.) f'nd 2 (b) of he :- r:.~, tho President 

was aut orizcd to cstP.blish sue~ a::, 'nci cs, f' Cc··,pt the se rvice s of and to 

utilize Fede r al officers e.:.1c. emp o~ 0 s , i)rO' cribc tl1oir autho.a. i ti c s, and 

to d .... lcga te Emy of hip functi o 1s "nd !10'7e rs u.J.der t e title o the Act to 

sucl officer<"' , agents, and employcez . The parti cular s e ctions in questi on arc as follows : 

II o offvct~"tte tt.3 --o licy of this t i tl3 , the Presiclc·1t is llereby 

authorized to estaolish such age11ci es, to accept and utilize such 

voluntary t:>nd uncomp ensated servi c e s , to ap21o i nt , \ ithout r egard 

tc t ~ provi sions of t he civil sorvic3 l aws , such officers and 

crrrployccs , and to utilize such :fede r a l officers and empl oyees, 

and , ;v i t£1 the consent o:..· th~ State , such Stat e an~~- l ocal office rs 

and em_)loyees , as he may r i nd n0ce ssar,;, to p r e scribe the ir authorities, duties, r equonsibilitic s , and t mur G, a nd , without r egard 

to tne Classification Act of 1923, as amended, to f ix t he comp ensation of any office rs a nc eop l oyeo s so appo inted . 

"The P resi uent may delegate any of his fu.llctions and po !Vers under 

this title to such office r s , agents, and employee s as he may desi e;nat'e o r appo int, and may est ablish an industrial p l anning and 

r e s earch a go lCY t o a id in cai..·::-yi ng out his functions under this 

titlc . 11 

Pursu.:n:t to ti1is authority , t'-:c Presi dent on June 16, 1933, by 

Exe cutive Order '{o . 6173, a9po inteu Hugh s. J ohnson , as Administrator 

fo r I 1 dustrie.l Recovery under Ti tle I of t he Act. Under t ho terms of 

the said or de r the Presiu :mt furt~w:c a})po i :a ted R s:pc cif'-1 Industrial 

Recovery Board to be composed of the Secr e tary of Corrune rce as Chairman , the At toiJ.1ey Gene ral, tnc Se cr 3t£>.ry of the I. t eri o r, the Se cretary of .Ag riculture , tho SeGro t t:>ry of Labor, the Dire ctor of tl e Budget, 

the Administrato r for I ndustri a l &cove r.f, and t he Chairman of t he Fede ral 1rade Comrn is on . Gene r a l J ohnson , Admi n istra t o r for I ndustrial 

R~covery , 1as gra::ted authority for thirt r da~'S subj e c t t o t i1e app r oval 

of tl1e speci al Inr'ustria.l Recovery Board , t o a~)po int t l1e ne cessary 

pe r sonnel on a t em:9o rary basis and to conduct t he work e..utt1orized 

under Titl e I of the Act. On July , 1933, the Presi den t, be Executive Order . o . 620-- A, continue0. th3 2.:ppo i ntoent of Hugh S. J ohns on as 

Administra.to r for I noustrial Re covery a : d authorized him, subje ct to 

tho bonc r a l a:Jproval of tho afo r erJontioncd S1;:>e cia l Ind·..lstrial Re covery :Board , to c>.p~)o int the ne c essary -pe rson~1el on a permB.nent basis, 

and among other t:1ings to oxe:-cisc funct i ons invested i n tho President 

by Ti tlo I of the Act , except tho a_)l'lrov8.l o.~. coce s , r!lc''.::ing of agr eements, is ua~ 0 Ol licenses, or exercise of Dower conferred in Se cti ons 3(e) , 6 ( c ) 8(b\ 9 1c'l..lO. J.1

he fin t Gj,)CC i f ic r efe re 1cc to exempti ons in the v~rious d~le&ations of po~er by tle President to the Administrator is found in Executive Oru0r ~Io . 6205- B of July 15, 1933, in 

hicl t: e Prosi d ... :nt granted ~ c .Administr"'..tor pmr10r to stay the provisions of a cocl.e upon the rec(.;ipt o:: an app lication fo r an exc eption 

to or an exempti on from a code from persons 'i7ho a llege d that the operation of a cod J ~ould result in undue hardshi p . 

9844 
- 83-

Early i:. tl-e o.cmiai str·: tion of ? i tl e; I of th.:; lTDti ·:.n:3.1 n,..:u:~t.r _ 

Recove::.--y Act th0 P :::-esicl0at inv.Jkec ti.1e ) OnJ:cs conk·i ncd. i n Se c t i on 4 (a) 

of t he Act t o i nst i t ute the ~1 -ram of acr .... ·~ mon t s kno\tS a s the Pre sident 1 s 

e~.;;mploymen t A~ c,:) t. · Tl1i s :p:;:or;ro.m Yvas a:mm.mcod by :;3ullo tin No . 3 , 

i ssued J uly 20 , 193.- , a nd on Sc'9 t emb cr 1,::} , 1933 , 3u l::.eti!1 :Jo . 5 of t he 

}b.tional Re covery AWni ni strati on , a s [' )!'o ed b y the Admi n istr:J.tor and. 

t :1.o Chai rma n of t h e lb.tional I nciustria l Re cove r y 13oa:ccl , (appa r en tly a 

misnomer fo r t h0 S}_)o cia l Industria l rt.ocove r y Board ), s e t f orth r eGulati ons a nd p r o c edur e fo r l o ca l NrtA Complia nce :Boards. The s e boards we r e 

s e t up fo r t ne f:Ja~ d.. line; of compl a i n ts of o:1-c om~ li ~c e and p e titions 

fo r excep tions f r om t he t e rms of t he PRA a nd. v'7c r e coL1pose d o f memb e rs 

\7ho volunte0:ced t heir s o r Yicc s in t he p:1rticu l a r c.1ist ricts in -which they 

lived. Tho b oards were 8mpowe r ed unde r Se ction 2 of t he Bulle tin to 

r e ce ive all ~e titi on s for excepti on s f r om t he provi si ons o f the PRA 

and t o g r a nt ex ce:..:; tions i n ca s e s of IJeculia r cirsumst e::.1ce s or g r eat 

an' "Lmav id:tb ~ t1C1. r clshi :p . Ce rtc:.in exce:pt i o::.s f ror.1 the (} e l ega tion of 

this powe r we r '-' s et fo rth i n Se ction 2 o f t he ull tir~. It r.as confL1od t o co::.1side r a tion of i ndi vi dua l ca s e s o f h::.di vi du :;tl hards hip and 

in g ene ral t ho s e b oards r:or e p0rmi t t ed t o (;r ant cxco:ptim:s from tho 

wage and hour :o r ovisi ons of t he PRA. Ho sy e cif ic c:_ ,)l o,;..., tion oi' povve r 

t o nt excuption s t o anc1 exorrrp t ions from t he PRA was made b:;.r tho 

Pre sident at t ho time of ~1.e issucmc _) of :Bull etin No . .) , but on ~revemb er 22 , 1933 , t ho Pre s i C:.cn t, b :,i =::xe c-u.ti vo Orclo r No . 6t:043 , authorized_ 

the Administra t o r t o g r ant exc ,,p ti en s t o and e xemp tions from a g reements. 

(3.e fe rring t o t he Pre sident Is Recrnp l oymon t A2;recrncnt). 

The l o ca.l NRA Co!TI') lia:'lc e Boar ds O:?e r a t e d. on c. vol unt a ry basis a nd 

consist e d 1118. inly o f :::1mn'Je r s o: l o ca.l c ommitt e e s · v7l:icil hf:.c. been s ot up 

by- civ ic g r oups at t lw tim0 o f t :i1c i nstitu tion of t ho P:·.A campaign. 

The! s o b oards vre r e cr0a t ed in ic ll r eve r y cit y a n rl t ovm in tho 

Unit e d. Sta t e s a n l e xe rciseci ~ e -o m;r·e r ~1t ed fror.'1 the time o f the 

issuance of :Bulle tin No . 5 . 

In the meantime , t ho Admi ni s tr:;. t or r 3t a i ned tho f i na l power to 

grant PRJ\. exemp tions. Office 0rJ.e r 1~o . 40 , i ssued. by t he Administra tion ov e r t ho a t u r e of Al vi~ 1.,r o .-m , As sistan t Ailini:li stra tor and 

E::ecuti ve Office r, creat ed a 112. ti c:m.ql ·c oiTPJ:lianc e Boa r d , w.i1icJ.1 Board 

W<l s arnpowe r e d t o r e coiL.ncmd exc ol;ti on s c>.nd t he Ea t:,l e :Bra nc"1 of t he 

C0111!?liancc Di vi sian of t he Adr:2 i ni s tra t:.on wa s de si gna t ed a s t he body 

to t;;rant e~) ti ns f r om t l1e PEA · . ~Jo o t he r spe cif ic e.dmi n istrq tive 

delegations of the :-;owe r t c €;l~a:1t PRA exemp tions a nd exc op tions has 

b een f o1.md in t J.1e r ocorcis of l iP.,:\. . 

COD3S 1JND3R S:SCTIO!J 3 ( a ) 

Immedia t e ly a ft e :c Juno 16 , 193::: , the' NnA bet8. 1 t he co di f ice.tion· 

of industry and tra de a nd t ile -, ~) ro l of 'J S code s submitte d ne ce ssa rily r e quire d. exe rcis e of 11owe r t o e-;r:=tnt Qxornp·tions th3rof r om. The 

irig inal de l egation b.r t hJ Presi dent wa s o f c;e1w r a l des c r i p tion, but t ho 

Aclministra tor acted t he r eunde r -u.n til Do c0r.1ber 30 , 1933 , when t he President, by Executive Orde r No . Go43-A de l o6a t ed t o the Ar1l.1 i nis tra. t or t ho 

following functi ons a nd ~owe rs; · 

9844 
-84-

11 (2 ) rhe aporoval of an ** * exception or exemption f r om 

*** 

any one or !!!Ore provisions of any code of fair competition. 11 

rhi s de l e6 at ion specifically related to codes and incorporated power theretofore generally granted. It specifically sho~s that no limi t ations e re pl a ced uuon the Administrator othe r than those contained i n 

t e Act in the e:ercise of the power conferred. 

A f urthe r Presidential dele gat ion of pc er to grant exelllpt ions occurred on A rch , 1934 , ·fuen the President , in the exercise of the executi ve and governmental discretion to i mpose such conditions as may be 

nece ssary in the 5 overnmental purchasing a ctivities, set forth in Executive Order o. 6646 certain requirements with rer;ard to biO..s submitted to 

governmenta l agencies and at the sane time in para ra-uh 5 of the o:;:-de r 

empO\?ered t he Administrator for Industrial Recover~r to make exception s 

in specific cases and otherTiise under the order r-rhen in the judgment of 

the Administrator justice to the public interest would be best se rved 

thereby. 

JOI T A.A.A. AND r . :t.A. CODES 

The National Recovery AQministration 1as primarily concerned with 

the codification of industry for the · urposes of industrial recovery. 

rhe Presidential progrrua also included the r ehabilitation of agr iculture 

thro h the vehicle of the Agricultural Adjustment Administrati on and in 

the terms of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (*) , t he Secretary of Agriculture nas appointed as Administrator of the Act . 

On June 26 , 1933, the Pr esident , by Executive Order o. 6182 , deiegated to the Secretar;y of Agriculture all of the functions and powe r-s 

(other than the determination and afu inistration of provisions r el ating 

to hours of labor, rates of ·,a;>-, and other conditions of employment) as 

referred to in Title I o~ the Act with respect to the industr ies and t r ac 

eneaged partly in the handling of milk and its products, tobacco and its 

p roducts , and all foods and foodstuffs. This delegation ~as subject to 

the reservation of power in the President to approve. or disauprove p r ovisions of any code . This delegation as re- affirmed in Executive Orde r 

To . 6207 dated July 21 , 1933 , and on January 8 , 1934 , the Pr esident , by 

Execu ive Order o. 6551 , transferred all of the functions and powers 

theretofore delegated to the Secretary of Agr iculture to the Administr aor for -ational Recovery insofar as these functions and powe rs rel ated 

to cer ain industries which were set for th in the order and which we r e 

also t he subject of subsequent agreement bet een the Secretary of Agr iculture and the Admin istrator for Industrial Recovery . rhe r esult of 

t h is Executive Order placed codes covering industries and t r ade s ~hich 

\1ere clo sely allied to the regulations of the Agricultur al Adj ustment 

Administr" ion under t he po . er of the Administrator for Industr ial Recovery ho hc:-d theretofore been delegated pO'"'er to grant or deny exemu- tions and exceu tions. 

(*) Public Resolution o. 10, 73d Congress. 

9844 
-85-

CRE.8.1IG:i.T 0]' UATIO~JAL Il~USTHI.AL RECOVGRY BOARD 

In Se:ptem"Jer 1934, th-, . .President decided u·ti<>n f'. chano;e in the form 

of the ndministerin . ., boJy of tho lTc-tionf'..l InJustrial Rnco~ery Act. 

General Johnson hac1 rE' s i .:_:ned f'..f'. A'd.r 1i1:.is tr£'1 tor for Indu:>t rial Recovery 

and on .September 27 , 1934 , tlB Pru !:: i Jent , b~r :Sxecutive Ord.e:; 'l." w9 . 6859, 

created the ~a ti ona l Inc.lti.s t rial Recovery :Soc ::.~G , consisting of seYe-t~. 

meT'lbers. The orde r r.-.p-.J ointed. Clny Tlillic:'ms, A. D. 'IDli tesicle, Sidney · 

Hillman, Leon C. i.ie>rshall , B.nd Dalton Hn1:1i l. ton as lne11bers of the Board, 

nnd ")'JOinted J3lacknell S1:1i th Legr.l Adviser ['1 ~Cl. Leo::1 ~~nderson, Economic 

Adviser to the Bor:~.rd . These tno L'..dvisers served as ex-officio members 

of the Bo2.rd. The 'five menbers n:•) )Ointed (other than ex-officio me]'J}-4 

bers) ~1ere cm)one~ed to ad!1in i ster, under tl1'3 dire c tion of the President, 

Title I of the Act, nnd tho Joe.rcl \7"S authorized to e:-:ercise Bll p0'7ers 

theretofore conferred b;:l executive · orG.ers 'lT)On the .A.dministr::3.tor for 

Industrial RecovelT• This crer.ti on of the 3 o<".rd 8nd transfer of Do·re r 

frorn the dr'linist tor to the :Board. necessc:.ri.J.y c8rried the )0\'7~ r to 

grant or deny exerl )tions or exec'Jtions, theretofore Gr anted to the Administrat or. 

DELEGATI ,Jlj OF ?OTL~R ·10 ~SS:SR 0:-'F ICI.ALS 

Arn lications for excGptior..s nn -:1 .. e.xcnFJt i o:ls lrOL1 the rbvisi ns of 

ti1e codes increC'.sed n.s the nur1b::J:.~ o:: C.'·'·nr ovei coC.es increased. At the 

outset of the .Admini str<1. ti~ n, incl.ividu:'l ;) lic, t:')ns for exetTitions 

were c r antecl or denied. "Jy Prc ido:1tir ~ orrlers (*). Later such .. others ne r e 

signed by Gener;-1.1 Johnson , but the voh .. une ·of a ;~ lic:- tions so increased 

that the de le:;ation of )o .-,e r to l esse r ofi'icia ls of ·the NRA became ne cessary. 

On I1arch 26 , 1934 , Generrl J ohnson, t hr ough the vehicle of Of.1 ice. .. 

Order No. 75 , set U l J a .. ~J roc edure to be fo llo·:recl in rul~ng.s .em code a .. dministrf'.tion y roblems. Part of this procecLur e ted to exceptions o..nd 

exern:;_J tions .s .. nd :Jrovidb'd th['.t each Divisi on .Adoinistrc.tor '.'!as em·Jonered to 

mD2 e rulings on a ·;:p licn..tions for exem:Jtions and excc·,')tions and th8 .. t the 

Division .A.dninistr atorl s decisi •J n rrould 1v:. fin.s.l , subject onl=T to the 

u l tima te disa·)~J rov l of tho Adni11istrator h i r:1self. This ·.Jo··.7er of the 

Di vision Adr.1inistra.tor i7r>S continued thro·.l£'hout the cod..e <1.d.lninistration 

per iod of NRA. (**) No furthe r G.el eg? .. t.:i;ons ·.--re r e made to offic iC'.ls unde r 

the supervision of Divisi on Aclministr!:l.tors , a lthou gh De:puty Administrators 

were g iven p oner of r ecommen dati on. 

TE.r.tP..ITORIAL JillUil;ISTRATO~~S 

During the course of c ode administ r ation; territqrial p robl ems arose 

and many a,;,)plic2.tions r;er c r eceived for· e:~effi' )tions fror.1 territorial codes 

. : \ . 

(*) See E=\ecutive Orc\.e r s lTos. 6274-6296 .!. ~ILl\. files. 

(**) Se e Off ice Orders l'o s . 87 and. 89 , Office Mem:orandum Uo . 248 , and 

Part I I I , Se ction 3225 HRA ffice !I:-nunl - 3235. 1 • 

• 

9844 
- 36-

or the a),)lic<:' ion of nDtio;1nl codes to the te r ri tor"'~ . These Jrobl er1s ·e 

recogni·'e ~b.- l e d.minit,tr--tion (* ) . Shor t l y r.fter the issu'l.nce of 

these r ders , the 'iRA es tr: 1 ished n Territorial Di v i sio:1 , ,-,hi ch · ~ s 

charged i t~1 mntter rel tin. · to the te r ri tor io.l ['.Cininistr;1 ti•"n of 

cout"s , )D.Iticul"'rl~r in Hrl\7nii .. nd Puerto Rico( ** ) . After cons i de r ation ['l.S to t.:. e l)roblems )resented nnd the !'lOSt effective me t h od of h nndling terri toriP1 excn )tions ,- the 11~ tionC'1 I ndustr iPl Recovery :Bar cl dcl egrtecl. to thr• :J<nuty Aili1inistrrtor for th0 Terr i torf of "t.a•.;1.i i t he C\U t hori ty t n grl".nt e~;:enptions f r or.1 c odes of fair c om·)eti tion a:> Jr e~l e:"Ccu l -

sively for 1e Territory of I D7C"ii . (*•*) Thi s del ec;<tion ·:ns sub j e ct 

o tha conditions of the r et ion t 1::nne :)einr; in <' Ccorcl['nce 1i t h the rttl e s 

:J.d. re _ulrtil• 1'3 t'.:ld )Olic~r of the ~:rti nf' l · Industri 0l :tecover y l or>Td 

•·1d thrt r-11 ."ction trken b:: the ~e-)uty .Admini str:' t or for the Ten·i t or y 

of HD'7r,ii oe re )Or ted to r- 1d oe subject t o revie, ... . '"'Ind. di SO') r oval b~ 

such 3oaTd. 

Shortl r e.x ter the ['l·)ove de l e7·.tion rer;r'.rc.llns H'"'•mi i ['n codes the 

De .)uty Adninistrr- tor for the re:.~ri tory OJ. Al C~sl::[l. n.9.S cuthori zed II to exem· 

or refuse to excn'?t frora cu'V )r ovisiol1 of £\llY c ode of f['.ir co ~)eti ti on 

to the extent t~1r·t such code P:nlies to C"ny t r ans.n.ction ,....i t h in the Te rri· 

tory of Al~sl'"? 11 • This f'Utho r i t~r did not p·,·nl -r to e:cem:9tions f r an the 

follo·. in.; s )ecified c odes : 

OF' 'linng Indus t r y 

Cf'\anec. So.l mon I ndus t~r 

Lu:..1 )Cr and Timber Pr ocluc ts Industri es 

Fisheries nduot~r 

This ClUthority ·· c-s ::r::.nted by tl18 l.i:--tio;wl I ndustrir.l Re c ove r y BoPr d on 

ley 3 , 1935 (**** ) . 

·Jo official de l e"'rtion --r2s mrde to the De)Ut j' Ad.:1 inistr ...- tor for 

Pue r to '1ico c-.nd the VirGin I sl 0nds , nl though t he ·-e.tionnl Indus t ri al Recovery Bo2.::d h:"ci_ -_:>lannod C'. siuilar Grr>nt of nuthori t y a s hn.d oeen mo.de 

to the De·')ut r Adninistrntor for Harra.ii. 

IJI SOELLA1IEOUS DELEG.AI'I ems 

A further de l eg.nti ··n of ' )0 !er was m2de q i th resDe c t to t he issur'ncE 

of exer'lptiO'•lS 0 :1 A·)ril 9 , 1934 , rrhen Gener:Ll Johnson cre[> t ecl t he office 

of Administr~tive Office r and designl'.ted sucl Of:.. i ce r 11 t o act on l'll 

nc- t e:~s not oth::;r' ·ise <'SGi,~~1ed 'f'!hi ch clo not r equire the Admini s trr,tor 1 s 

person<>l c.ttentio·!, includinG final a::.n r oval in the nD.Me of t he AdrJini s trr tor of codes rnd other docu.rnen ts r eq_uiriil[; the AJ.minist rc-.tor 1 s FI.C t 

** *"' 11 • The ·iatio·1a1 I ndustrial Recove r y :aonr ·· continued t h is off ic ~ 

(•) See Adr:linistr<'.tive ·Orc:cn· :~ 60 Office Order lTo . 104 - l'Cl! file 

( *'~') See · .i.:.J:l fficc i ic:'!ornndu:-1 o:f Dece!J'uer 29 , 1-933 . 

( *** ) Office : :enor andum lo . 348 - · .a~~ch 19 , 1935. 

(****) Office ilemor"'ndw1 ro . 356 - ~ ... LA fil es. 

9844 

'· 

(· 

36 
-87-

its order confe rrin, tlY' authority st~tes 11 -to. G'{ecute any or e ll :?U.:1G rs, 

documents , or other instrunents in ·rritin,; r equireU. in the :pe rformanc e 

of t he functions E~nJ ··) O'Jers dcl e,;ot ot to SP.id :3 0r>j:'G. oy SC'I.icl Executive 

O!'l'ler U:.1Cl otherr.rise , i'1ClU.liDt; , 'out nithout liuitc:tion , the 'l 0\7e r to 

issue orde::s , <'-'? rovals , rules or r ocul.s.tions 11 • (*) 

" 

A fEw· miscellaneous dcle:;['.ti.c·nc of authority to g rn1 t or deny exemp- ' - tions '\7e r e n.:de in con!le ction rri th l"?.rious ·0anscs of coci.e adr1inistr0.tion. 

3:xecutive or:..el' No . 6646 r e l ated to COP.T!J linnco with codes for pl.li'pos es of 

b idding on Gove :-cnraent contr?cts. This ,-r.s primarilJr a matter of c ompliance c?.Jld 0,1 Dccc·1ber 15, 1934 , the Dire ctor o:L Com·J li ~\nce and Enforcenent 

\7 0S £'.ut ho ri zeC.. by the Admi ni strator to .sr ...,nt c :cce-.) tio:ts fl .. om the p rovisions of this Executive Ort,_e:r (**). 

The n e c essity of efficient hen <llL1g of o.~Jp lic c.t ns for exemptions 

motivate0.. the c.:utf10ri zati on of the Ch i ef of the Com·,li:.:mc e Di vision to 

g rant or deny c:m :~: li c;·tion· for o.n e:xem)tion 1.hich hae. been r eferred by 

any of the St:-- te Col!1})1 i<mc e Dire ctors (***), ,:·hen the ordii~ary p rocedure 

r esulting in a decision by c:. Division Administr "1. tor hacl caus ecl undue 

delayc 

No evioence other 1an the terri torin.l deleg 2tion hf'l..s been found 

sho·-ri n.:; eny daccntr alizrtion of the 0uthori t y t o .r; ~.n t or deny exem;::>tions. 

The NRA maintE"ine ci o1fices in ec:tch str.te under the dir e ction of a stc?.te 

director end on .Januar• 1, 1935 , creC"ted r-t r r.;gi o.nal orga:aization nhich 

divided continente l United. tr~ tc s into eight regions , Cc.ch under t he dire ction of e. r 8gi on a l director. It F['.S c on tern )l n.ted t h, .t the e:uthori ty t o 

gra..'1 t or deny e·;:e~n io:ls ··7 0U1(' Je clel ec;ri t ed. to the se rt.Jgi onal dir ectors, 

but the •Jlcms f or t his denentra.lizatirm o:i:' t he authori ty neve r mate riali zed (****J . In 21.dditi on , thG Code .Adni n ist r"'ti n Divisi on of 1-J"R.A '\l'n.s 

decentrrli zed by tho e) ;oint oent of r ebionc.l cdre c tors of c oc.'Le o.dministrc? ti on . Offi c es ,....e r e C"Ut h ori zeU. i n ·:::To,., Yorl::, Chi c [' ·o .nnd. . San FrR.ncisco, 

but there 17< s no delegati n of a1.-lti.J.o ri ty re tL ~ to oxe n tion to the se 

officials. 

COj~ A1~30RITI5S 

Certa in coc.le s by their te r ms authorized code nuthoriti es to .zrant 

exer:l})t ions fr oEl the ·1r ovisions of the ··Jarticular cod.es , hi ch t hey "'ere 

r> d.ministerin.~ . The e.~'J_;J rove.l of the se ~"' revis ions necessr:rily constituted 

n f;.1r the r c'Le l egation of the governmental aut h orit:r, but this r ep ort does 

not c onsi der this ·Jhas e of . tho CJ.Uest i o;.1 , n.s it ;rill be tree.t ed by the 

Revie·-, Stud. \0'3~ Grou~)· ··) Ol~ti nb u:.J on t he -,ctivities of cocl.e £mthorities , 

as such. 

(*) AJJnL1i str e tive l~c:.c r ~~.. 7,- ·l;ov.err1ter 1, 1 934 - Acl..111 L1istr ." tive 

Oro.o r X- 93 , Se~J tembo r 28 , ~34 - URA fil es • . . .. 

(**) Se.e Executive Orde r :7o . 664G ~ Ad.ministr!"ltive Order X-123 - lffi.A files. 

(***) Off ic.e Ord.el' No . 108 - AUt:,"USt 1 6 , 1 97 4 , i.n N'.dL file 

(****) See 1ffi.A Compliance ]i vis ion Fi e l d. Lett er lio. 190 . 

9844 
-88-

CHAP~.....R IV 

Tho naturu of the t 0rn <> ll o~: .. mption 1

' :--.nd 11 e;.:c u:.Jtion 1 and tho 

bnsis of th0 adninistrativo grant thc r 0of is to bring relief to a 

particula r individual or g roun of inc: i vid1..1:.:.ls fron harr"t.ship , unfair 

sitmtions and oth ~... r conditions which arc caused by uniform n.ppli c ation of code p rovisions. Tho stud;:r of tho subj e ct of uJ:e1:1pti ons and 

executions has been bas0d upon a.;.1 cmal 'Sis of the reasons 11hy a:.opl i -

cations for cxun:9tions ·.ro r o nude , t e considurntions had b r th0 } ati onal 

Rt.Jcovery Adrtl ini strati on on such anpli ca.ti ons nnd the bnsl3s f or the gr ant 1 

deni a l , or modification of the r e lief r equested . 1he r1uthor of the r e -

p ort \las aided by a foroor r .. :ror e s untative of the Labor Adv isory Board , 

.ho had , durinc the c ourse of the code admini st rati on , 1:1aintainod a 

r e cord of ;~en ti ons from labor p r ovi sions. The f iles of this i ndi vidual ,-,ere rrade availab ~ and the index \7hi ch she h ad prepared was used 

as a guide in the exa1:1ination of the actual r e cords and portf ol ios of 

the official orders of g rants and denials of exenDtions. The i nvestigation caused the ex."r.1i nation of the entire r ecords of the offi cial 

orde rs of e:.:em-;>tions or denials there of as to thu code s 11hich a r e l ist ed 

in the Introduction to Jart Three , supra. 

Five hundred and fifty- foD.r ( 554) order s o f e;.cem!Jti on or deni a l 

thereof 1ere examined , of rrhich four hu.Yldr od and :.~ ht ( 408 ) orde r s 

ant~d exemptions frorJ codes and one hundred ancl fort '" si::: ( 146 ) 

or ders denied the rel ief r equested i n the a:!:r<Jli cati on. Al l of such 

or ders related t o the above memti oncd codes, and. n.:smlied t o bo th l abor 

and trade urac t ice provisions. 

LABOit PROVI SI Oi S 

The or de r s of e:~em~tions or deni a l s the r eof n.nd t he supporting data 

found in portfol ios nhich .re r o studi ed disclo se that most of t he exem·otions g r anted rel ated to l abor provisi ons and that i n ve r y f eu c a se s 

11ere e xemptions gr2nted t o ne13be rs of industr y f rom t r ade p ractice p rov1slons. A tabulation o f the t~e of l abor provi si on s t o nhich the ap 

lications for exempti ons nere dir e c ted. and nhich the f.."tA. of fici a llv 

either granted or denied discl oses the f ollm;ing :-

9844 

myPe of Labor Provisi on 

or mal oinimum nage p r ovisions-- ----------- -------

Skilled oinimum uage pr ovi sions---------- --- --- --

Overtil!le uage provisions---- - - - - ----------- - ------

1tp-pren tice minimum \7age s----------------- - ----- - --

ZquitablL readjustment of.~ages above. ti e ninit:1um-

- ormal JilD..xir:ru.m hours- ---- ---------------------- - - -

Peak ~e riod hours- --------------------- ---- - ------

latchmen - maximum nours--- --- --- ----------- ------

Overtimc tolerance - maximun hours- - - - - - - - - --- - ---

Child labor rovisions --~----- --- ------ -- ----­

Limi tat ion of number of a 1)1Jren tices 

or learners- -------- ------------ ----- ----- -

umbe:r of Orders 

170 

8 

12 

5 

4 

295 

2 

8 

29 

3 

14 
-8~

Type of Laoor ~vision- - Numbe r of Or ders 

Slo\ · uorl:er tolera.IJ.ces------ ---------_: ____ _______ --------- · 21 

Prohibition of home ·wor k-----·- - ------------------------ 2 

Specifiec~ .. -piece rates--------------- - ·-------- ----------::--- 1 

l.iachine hour limi totions--------- ------------ ---------- 11 5 

ProC:.uc ti on control----- --- ----------------------------- 7 

All labor provisions---------------- --------- --- ------ 20 

T 1e total of 1e above t nbulation d.oes :i1o t coin ciC!e VT i t h t h e numbe r of orCl.ers issueCl. because i n T!l8ny c ases an orc.e r of exemp tion wns 

issued \7hich refer red t o seve r a l provisions of a c oG.e, h o'.78Ve r, t h e 

t abulati on h as l ist ed each provisi on affec t ecl. 

The recor<is · of the orde r s of ~1 e ~1 t s or denials of exemp tions 

i n r.10st cases c on t a i necl the appli c ati on for t he exemp tion, \1hi ch app lica_ti on su ll~r c on t a ined. t he r easons for the app li cati on. Ex amination 

of t hese applications f ouno that most of the exer:1p t i ons sought 11e re 

base(. ~) on scarci ~r of skilleC. he l p , seasonal peak cLemands , or rush of 

orC:.ers , a s G.i stingui she6 from r ush of or de rs in a p e al:: season. It ·Has 

lik el!i SP f ound t hat f i nanc i a l diffi cul t i es of membe r s of industry or 

trecLe <\.lei_ unfa ir advant ages because of e;eogr cr_rhical d i ff erentials 

p romp t eC:: .. t }le f iling of appli cati ons vii tl: NP ... A.. I n ac.d i t ion , most of t h e 

applica tio11s r e l atL1c; t o mac:1ine hour limitati ons ac t ed up on set forth 

necessities of p r oduc t ion adj ustr.1ent O!' seas onal peak C:.emands a s the 

c auses ther e fo r . A co~p e ~b~ at o~ e reas on s se t forth in t h e 

appl i c c,t ions for l ab or exemp t ions, Tihi cll c.\pplicati ons were acted up on 

ei t i.1er L.1 the f orm of a gre.nt or cleni al t i.1e r eof sho'.7S t h e follo'.7ing : 

Reas on No. of Apnlica t i ons 

Departmental diffi cul t i es-.-:-.-- - - --- --- -- · 65 

Pe el:: C: .e mands-- ---- -- -- -- ~-- -- -- 68 

Rush of orde rs------------- - ---.,.... :_ ....,_____ 56 

Ha r d sh i p------ - - - - --- --- ---- - - --------- 44 

Foreign compe t1ti n-- ----- -~------ - - 2 

v_ .I:'·-'· (;pure ssiC'Tl: of _ stT!.ar.a::?rz.terpri s es- - ------ 11 

Str i ke s----- ---------- --- ---- ---- ------ 6 

Emergenc,,r (breakdown)--- - .:..- - ----- ------ 1n 

In entor ----------~--- ----- -- -- 11 

Sca rcity of s~ ed he p- -- --~- -- 1n9 

Proc .. uction aC..just tnent--- ---- --------- -- 29 

L1.t roC!.uction ne\: R.r ticl es or proce ss- -- · 6 

Po or Equi pment-----·- ---------- - - - - - ---- 3 

Lac_: of equipment-- - - --- - - ---------- - - - - 14 

La ck of sp ace --- --- --- -- ------- 7 

Fire- - - ----------------------------- - -- 4 

To start ro ci..uc io -- ----------- 2 

To make c a r ee r (ch ile._ l al)or )------- ---- 2 

Financial fi ul s- ----- ---- --- ~- 40 

Geo g r aphica l d i ffe ren ti a ls----------- - - 30 

Ha.:c1.o .. icapj_)ed or ineffici ent Y!orl:ers----- 19 

l.Iu l tip le codes-------- ---- -------------- 1() 

9844 
- 90-

Reason No . of Applications 

Conpeti tion \7i th exempt f irms----------- 2 

I nco·1veni ent location-- - - ------ ---- ----- 4 

PEnC:.LlE; inve sti gation-- ---------- ------- 4 

e l o s L due t o ol id~r s-- ----- --- 7 

h~~~e o~ p lant oper a ti on-- - ---- - - --- - -- 13 

c:1a.r i t abl e i n stitu t i on--- - - - ---- - ------- 1 

Sl1iy:.1en t de l ays-- - ------ - - - ------- - - - --- 2 

--on- co;:1p liance of compe titors- - - - ------- 8 

The above tabulation , a s i n t :1e c a se of the tabulation of code p rovisions , C'.oes not r eprese nt. e a ch indi vidu a l application. lv·ost of the 

appli cation s se t f orth only one ground for rel i e f , but in some cases 

va ri ous r easons were sp ecified. in seek ing one e. cep tion . It was founc:l., 

a s a result of t he investigati on t ltat t he reasons , scar cit y of ski l l ed 

help ru1C.. :)eak demand s Tiere link:ed together , and. that the r elief re questeel relatec. to maximum hour p rovisions a nd ove rtime mini mum wage r a t es. 

WAGE DI ~ERENT ALS 

·!o C'"l" es \7e r e found nhich i nvolved an app lication for an e):ernp tion 

fron nat:;e c.ifferenti a ls as t o sex , but as stat ed above , a numbe r of 

applic.:tt i ons from t he minimum vmge provisions we re submi t t ed , g iving a s 

reason fo r r e lief r equested t he fact that geogr aphi cal dif fe r e n t ials of 

wages noulc. i mpose hard ship s . A mmber of t hese app l ications or igina t ecl 

11ith sorthern manufacturers or in st a tes bordering those sections in 

' uhi c ' a lo\?er geogr ap h ica l cliff eren ti a l hnc'~ been set up . (*) Lil~e'i1i s e 

various c oC..e s s e t up r a tes of ~r for sp ecified a r eas, t he appl i cation 

of -rhi c:1 resulted in some cases of harcl.sh i p . The app l ica t ion f or 

exempt ion s froD t hese a r ea r ate s a lleged c ompetit i ve d isadvant ages t hat 

made i t i mp ossible to continue the op eration of these wage s . Th i s situation aiJOng t he codes examinecl. ;vas par ticul arl y evident in the admii'li stration of the r·il linery Code (** ) . 

CH ILD LABvR-APPRE: 'I'ICES 

}1.;.1e re cord.s C:.isclose tha t on ,.. t hree applications f or exemp tions 

from t:1e c~ilc:'. l abor provi sions of t he codes examined ue r e made . These 

cases i nvolved bOJS of 14 and 15 y ear s of age , and in t r:o cases, t he 

r eas o _ Gi ven was to embark t he boJ up on a car eer. The r eason gi ven ii1 

t h e thirC:. c a se was t hat the fat her \7i shed. his son to or l .. f or :1im i n his 

plant . Some applica ti on s for per mission to employ more l earners t han 

specifiPC. in t :1e coG.e occu rred in t he Han<ikerchief Code (***) , t he 

li:le:;.~ Code (****) . The rea s on f or such applica tions 11as t he opening 

(*) Se e ur:.er l· o. 49- 6 ru1d vrC:.e r lro . 57- 19 in NR.A fil e s . 

(** ) Sec ur de r l o . 151- 9 , Orci.e r "-io . 1 51- 24 ru1.c. urcle r o . 1 51-sn , 

ir .... :iliA fi l e s . 

(*** ) 

(•*** ) 

See Ord e r o. 53- 5 ; 

See urd.e r . o . 1 51- 69 i n .iRA files. 
- 91-

of nen te:part!!lC'lts. Relief I rom t he application of 'Percentages as to 

mplo .1ent of apnrentices \7as also soucht; also a number of e.pplice.-

tio>ls for examptions from a \7['..{;8 tole:.ance as to sl0'\7 \7orl:ers which was 

set forth in the Cicar 1\w.:!luf~c ur ng Code·. The usual reFtson given for 

the e:~er tions f1·o~· t he ·oe rce ntaf,:e of Dp,;,n~ent ices employed. was that 

there uc.s a scarci t~r of sk illed. help· and it nas necessary t o employ adeli tion.:1l .:'..~)prentices to carry on j_J oduc ti c~1 . I n some cases, relief 

fror!l ti.1e c>.~rment of apprentice nat.;e was requested , but in all these 

cases t 1e relief a·sl:ed relatPcl to e~c tL1e ratbs-:-::-ather than relief 

from ~1e payme·nt 'of minimum nages. Onl y ·· .. om'l case was founo. in which 

the a:p7} licMt asl:ect for ')?e rmissi on to p~r learne rs below the minimum 

wages , nhich ap}Jlication was .. c.eniec.\. (*) . 

A number of a_pp li ce1.tions requeste6. e:xecilJtion from the overtime 

tolero.:1ce p rovisions o:r c ode s. Tnese a:!_)p lica tions we r e very numerous 

in t he P.ClL1L1i str ati on cf t he .. :lPo..pel~ ano Pul:f) Cod.e' Cod.e J:.To . 12()' f'.nd 

the re2.SOllS g ive n t herefor nere nece s si tie's of bolstering inventory ancl 

inabili t::l to mebt orders on ti'lle (**) ~ A particula r industrial r e ason 

was also given in these partic a::.~ ·appl ica.:tion s, '.7hich wo.s le.ck 0f sufficient nater p owe r. ·· · · 

, .. 

· TP..ADE PR .. 4.Cm iGE P:: uVI SIONS 

As ste.tec.· c.bove, t he orQers of exe·.1p tion e.~P .. .rii:V'ld. , disclosed ferr 

whi cl1 aff ected trac.e p r actice p ... ovisions oi' coo.es . A t abulation of t he 

ty-_9es of tr aG..e p r actice p rovis-ions· ·i s as follotrs : 

TYPES (.,}!' TRADE PRACTICE PTIGVISi u:·:s 1Jw,a3ER 

All trade :p r a ct ice p r ovi si o·ns--- --------.:..__ · 2 

Proc:..uctions co·ntrol---------------------·----- 7 

Consi gnment ales -- --------- -- --------

Price Filing--------· ____ :.... __ .:. ______ ______ :_ __ _ 

Loss li!Di tation--.:... __ . ____ ____________ ____ .: ___ . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

Uniform terms of s a le--- - -:--·----------- -------- 1 

Container ecific tions---- ~~ -- -----~-- 1 

1·ie rchand.i sing p lar;s-------- - ----------- ·---- - 2 

The main reason set fo rti1 L1 t rte a:::ml icatio:::ls r elati ag to trade 

practi ce provisions 'was t 11at t l:e artic~lar app licant wei..'s lo'sing business ~1ci t hc:.t his conti nua..YJ.ce t herei n ~:vas ellden t u p on th,\3 r e lief 

request ec1.. . Anot ne r main \~aso · ·.' h i ch ·,.rc:\8 set forL1 n i th res_':1 ec t t o 

applicati ons f or e xerrr_p t i ons f'i'Orn proo.uction control provisions, sales 

lo~: c ost anc"t. loss limitation, we..s that the conp eti tors Qf the app licant nere not cor:1p ·in g vri th t he :?articl.'.lar ·)rovi sion. RGlief frora the 

(*) See Order Nr . 1 2n-105 i r.. NRA f iles . 

(**) Se e Orde rs Ho s . 1 20..:.11, ' l 2G-l2 , 12,..)- 29 ~nd. 1 20- 37 - NRA files. 

9844 
-92-

co e rovi ions r la~in to conta·nrr spccif·ca i ons and misl abe l i ne 

r y'sions wa r e ucstcd pon he qsi. na hP apnlicant had a st ock 

of cans and cor v-1.iners on h~.J 1:1d t~.a"'; t:f' on- sc of sc> con a i ne r s 

would res 1 in e,rE?at loq_ • LiT:1 . : i i!1tC:>resting t ,.._ r otP the 

A minist r at ·on denied all of . f" ~~ 9liv. ions for x ~0ns f rom t r ade 

p r ac ice pro i ions , wi L rE? cxce~.io. of t•o . -- ~·o orde r s of exemot~on w~re ·c· n:l among ht:. 

fc ting ode -1. tho r i y r evisions or t~e r ign s 

code authorities cr eated nde r the or ovisions of 

code~ ~o1.mine d, af -

nd oo 1go1. ions of the 

any such code . 

~ E? cr·gin of ~Dulica ions fo r exemption as o ge ogr-1.ph ica l consi ·e r ati n~ w~s widesp r ead . Gf co rse , i is r eal ized tha h e codes 

selc>c e1 for e. amination fo r he purposes of this pr e l' rni na ry r epor 

1ould h~r a ve r y mar ked effect upon the geDgr aphical l r cat i ons of 

tnP Rpulican s. In many co1.ses the memhe r s of he i ndustry or t r ade 

were concen r ated in a a r ticular section of t he country whi ch wo ld 

neccesar ily affPct the geogr apt-ical pictur e , howeve r, t he t abul a t i on 

s t forth b low vill i ve some idea o1.s to the origin of appl i cations 

for exernpti0n wtich we r e officiall y acten ~uo n. 

No . of Apuli cants 

r ew England ( ·aine, ew Hamp shir e, Ve rmont, 

·assachusetts , P~ode Isl and , Conne c t icu t )----- 82 

'iddle Atlan~ic States (Ne York , New J r sey , 

Pennsylvani'l, "9e l -=twRr e , Ma nd, Distri c t 

of Columbia)--------------- ------------------- 157 

So theas e r n States (Ken .ucky , ~nnessee , or th Caroli na 

So h Car olina , Geo r gia, -:test Vi r gi nia , Vir ginia) 63 

rulf Sta~es (Flo r ida, Alabama , ~: i ss is sippi, Loui siana-- 1 6 

,iddle ~est (vhio, ichigan,I ndiana , I lli nois, 

'isso r i, Neb r aska , Iowa)--------------- ----- -- 121 

So' hwes e r n Sta PS (Texas , Ok l ahoma , New Mexico, 

Ar i zon , Arkansas,, K!:tnsa.s ) --------------- ------ 19 

or hwes e r n t tes (Wisconsin , · ·innesota , or th 

ako a , Sout Dako a --- ------ --- ------------- 20 

Rocky . ~ ain States (Co lo r~do , Wyomi ng, tah , 

Pvqd )--------------- ------------ -------- - - -- ll 

p if c Coast st~tPS (California , vr egon)------------ 11 

racif1c -ort cs S ~t o (1 asnin~ton , Idaho, .ontana)- 6 

9844 
~!,-' . c! Armlications 

Pu rto Ri o------ - 2 

Hawaii--- --- - -- --- -------··---- --------------- --- - - - -- __ () 

AlA.ska-- ----- ---- - - - ------ ----------- ... ---- - -------- (\ 

As stRt d abnve, Rn examination of tnP r e cord s rf tho orders of 

exemotion incl decl L1e locR.tinn of' t . P particulq_r a~mlicqnt or o~ ll 

cants the ref or. r t hP ourposes 0f informntion ~s to the or igin of 

ao olicatirns 111 it r~ resut>ct to poo ulateri districts of thP country, the 

au thor hR.s caused P.. tnbu la tj_on to be m.qde , shrFin£' t he c3 i stri but ion of 

thP ori g in of ~~plications fo r exemotions uno~ wh ich some officiR.l action '~ ::JS tA1

,..en with res0ect to tht> size of the towns or citiPs in which 

tne uarticular ~licant w~s loc~ted. 

Citi Ps of a million u r nulation or ove r----- ---------

Ci ties with pouul qtion of 5nn,n0r to 1,nnn,n0n------

C1tie s w1t n ucoulation nf 1nn , nnn to 5nn,nnn __ _____ _ 

Cit1t>s w1th popula tion of 5n, nn0 tc lnn,nnn---------

Cities qnd towns witi1 "001) lqtion undPr 5r , nr.o----- --

lTo. 0f Croers 

125 . 

43 

114 (*) 

53 

155 

In some c a s es the "i0r;( s h eets on ''Thich t ne qbnve tR.bulR.tion .was mn.de did 

not give exact informn.tion q s tr t~e l cc.qtion of the a0ulicgnts - some 

c.qses such a s; 11 Seventeen mPmbers r f 1e ind u.stry on the PR.cific Coast 11 , 

11 rembers of thP industry o~er<=1 tinr.: i n com·oet1tion 'nt o. tne !)rP ss ~ .. ;anuf a ct u rers11 ,qnd other lik P desi gnations we r P un"l.bl e to · be chart e d as 

to loc,qti0n. It is submitt Pd . t t~ P ~o e t a bulation reu re sents practically 95 ~ of qll of t nr or er ~ stud1 Pd d q_cc ording ly nresents a 

picture of tae p09ulation situ.ation to taRt e x t ent. 

The powP r confe r red upon t nP }~ esident in tne Act oe r mi tt e d the 

g ranting of exe!'1ptions !":!nc exce otions 1n iti1.in ti1P discretion of tne 

President, provide& e oo l iciPs of t ne ~ct we r e effectuoted. ThP exercise of t nis discr eti on Wt"lS evld encf' d in t L1P Jt>ri t""' d f0r whicn Pxemutions 

we re g r R.ntPd. SornP ao ollCB.tions we rP re c eived in wnich re liPf W"i.S r equested fnr , l ir·1 i t ed ;.:; pri0d; e. f:. · , one day, one '"lleP'r , one '110nth . 0ther 

applic n.t i ons mAd e no mention ~ t't.e ')e ri od of t i rr1P of relief re qu.ested . 

Considerqtions u.pon the 3.POll c:=tti ons nad by ]:iRA often r PsultPd ln a 

limitation or an extPnsion of tne time of tn.P.P xemu tinn ,qnted . In 

addition, some aoplicn.tions requested exem9tions for a limitPd oerind 

and subsPquPn t l r .qsk ed for qn e x t e11si on nf t"r .. P exemut l0n for e it h r R. 

further limit ed ue ri 0d or an unli~itPd u e ri od. Al l uhasPs nf t he period 

of exemo tions a ·Joen.ri n.,- in t i.w orders nf Pxenmti ons '~/PrP stud ied for this 

p relimin<1.r y re·o(> rt . The Rbu P~.tion i s qs fo llows: 

( *) Note: Record s '"'f oonul8 t i cn c harts set forth in t ·hp Wo rld Alm.qnn.c, 

i 935 Edi tion, we r P c on sultt-=- d fo r ouruosPs of this tR.bul.qtinn. 

9844 
- 4-

P _ UC:> 

U n 1 i i t e d-- - - - - - - -- -~ - -- - - -- -- -- - -- -- - --- -· -

T0 JW1 15 or lL , ~ 5------- ------ ---- -----

Pf>ndln"" e1 ri n..- ·>r St.4d ------ · ·-- --···-- ---

To ti(? s.·u.:. ~.iOl ( r ~ .. r rl d~?- ·------ -----

- nti1 Tt•r'llin!1t~"d----- -- ··--- - - ·- --· ·- ·-------

Pendin A.11Pn:lmf ------- - ----·---- .-- ---·- ----

Si;t D~ys r r (vPr----------- --------- - ---

Thir y to Sixtv Jays-- ----------··-- --------

Fif PE' n 0 nirt·r n,.ys---------------------

(,ne ee~: to t· o '.?ee::::s----------------------

Fv0 da,s o one W(?ek------------? ----------

Cnf r:ay----------------------------------- --

NG. G:r; EXE~.PTIG s 

121 

. ' 

0 

0 

1 

3 

2 

62 

44 

53 

sn 

2n 

16 

n 2 neral an1..lys1s of thP re .q,sons for these VJ:trinus uPri0d.s of 

t">)"E'"";ot ion s c·m be mAdP, Tii t h t nP exceut ion of a few. I WR.S found that 

: P exemu ions !Or v~rious uP riods of ti~P mpre ~skPd bPcause of v1..rious 

conu.i 1c s . An PXal"'linl'lti~"'n fine s tha tlte exemutions gr!:mted for one 

oay or fo r t nP ue r icd 0f froM t"rlo cays to one ·.-eek ~e re requested for 

hP pu.rnose of t :"lking i nvPn ory, to repa1-r bro\:en-down m::~ chinery nr to 

mee. some eme r gPncy si tw~ .. ti, n. The W1lirni ted expm·otions erP gr anted 

d.urin.:r tn e.,_r1y u,_rt of ilffiA admin1 strat-ion of code·s "nd being coextensive "it 11 iw Ac , eri11.in q t ed on June 16, 1 YZ5. Gn ... or a bout 

Fe br 1.r r 1 , 1935 , tnP .Ad11i ni '='trR.ti em becq,me incrp:, sinlSlY mindful of the 

da e of . P tPr. i na i0n of t he Act, RJld , A.S a r1atte r of policy, the 

SOLU'Ct?. of ·· n1 ci1 t t1P a"t thor bc=ts not exulored at -his time , orders of 

PXemution ~erP s oPcifical1y not ~~" rMittPd to c ontinue beyond June 16, 

1935 . SJMe. Fd ~ st1.ted June lE, 193r- - othe rs - June 16, 1935 . 

his difference most Jro b.l'l bly g,ro sP from a "1i sa ~:rp rehension as to the 

actu.::t l date of tPrminf'it 1on of t .P . ct. 

The exerlOtions g r qn tt- d for t 1e r:Je ri od uend ing !:1. heqrin?, study or 

amendmPn arP self-exulanatory . 

•. ETRGACTIV::. 

ot ::tll a•Jolicatic•ns for e::eo·o 10n "ere t 1e result of foresight. 

So'T!e mr>mbers of inc s try or t r~ e being res en ted vri th an eme r gPncy 

sit at i on, violated t e cnde provisions ~nd l~tPr ~A.de BDplica .ion to 

t~P d.i n~s r8 ion for exPmU ion fr0m the code to c0ver hP viol~tion 

heretofore comr:Ji ted . In add1ti on, apolicrttir-ns for exemutions were 

dir c e' to .'1P Ad''linl s ra ion befrre tnP dJ:tte upon 'hich lP requested 

reli F:~ ·o l -:-tire effect , bu due to difficul 1es in routinP, rPfPrence to 

o _ dvi sorr Boa C. s and otter or oceG.u.r3.1 requirprnents, t .1P ac ... v~ l dec isions ~s r· nP exerno+ion rqs no t made q_nd t i1e 0rcler of exemu ion iss ed. w i 1 After t 1e ti ..,..,") no ed in thP auol1 CC:Jt ion had uar tial1y or 

to ally elaosed . :1(o r Pxarnu1e> - C..r0 Fr o .3-51 ('Ylonl Textile Code>) 

gr~ntec ::~n ex mu ion fro~ nF nnr mnl hour orovisions of th~ code> f r om 

'a rc~ 4 , 1::35 n y l , 1935 - the order v.r~s si/'"ned on ' -'arch 8, 19:35; 

in v r Pr .·o . 59-19 ( '1.rl{ing evices Code) the order of exemution ~s 

si ed on JA.'1uary lf , 1 935 exe:~m ing he aoulicant from the normal hour 

urov s · ons of .. P co0• from ece bPr 31, 1934 to Jan ary 1n, 1935, the 

C::.a e uon \,...i:lich hE? ord"'r !:lS signt=>d. ThesP c~ses are known A.S retroac ive exe~u ions. 

9844 
- 95 -

The p ower of the Presiden t to c;rni.l t cxm-.1ptions was of wide latitude, 

subject onl::,r to t ho limitatirms th'1t the action should effectuate the 

poli i s of t'1e .Act ~ but the Act does not contain any spec ific legi sla.-

tive dec ~rntion eXGIT'Pt ing cortain cL1sses or grou1Js of individuals from 

t he p ro vi sio:'ls of codes w~1 ic il r el ated to 1 ernbers of i r dustry or t:r:ade. 

The absen e of t h i s statutory assUl~tion r equire d admini stra tive exe rcise of dis-pensing 1JOVvcrs w:1ich necessarily op erate UDon a fo r e sight 

b asis. The ·powe r to exemp t with r esuect to future acts is ad.1itted and 

in Cl' s es whe re applications :::or exo!IIJ? tio:1s were recei vcd by t :18 administra tive aL,Gncy 11rior to t '1e time to w~1i l.1 t i1e e~enp tion r e l a ted can 

equ .'llly b o justified because administrn tive r mned i c s had been sought. 

It is true tha t so.ne pen al ti es accruecl as_ a result of the t a rdy order of 

cxe.nption , but the e considerations are offset by the activiti es of theseel:er of the remed . Tile Constitution does .not q..e ter an interested 

party from se .kinG ~dminin tr tive remedi es and for so d.oing , violations 

. rior to the adjudica tion D:POn the e-op licc>.tion will. l~ Ot be irr:c'osed. (*) 

However , in c as0s vihe re t he ayn licE!i.1 t c.hooses to a r:a i t nroce edings and 

violat e s t he co de , the n•3nal tics fiE! ~- be il:rvnsed . The s rant of an exo~

tio~ i i t he as~ men tioned c ase or on a retroa~tive basis, is not a 

e,rant of relief fror.1 code -oroviC" i ons w~1 ch ~la e already be en viola ted 

but is mor e in t 10 nature of a n olle nro seC}"J.i exercised by prosecD:tors 

in the administra tion 'of c rilni1:1al justice . The f a ilure to p rosecute 

cas es is in r e alit:' l a r g .. ly an Hd.min istra tive mn t tcr controlli ng a d esire d effort to ac li >. the ge:1ec-: l .)urposes of a crimina l la'N , even 

though in mc:;.ny c asu s ·sam] wronG- doers are alloned e xmrro tions from t he 

strict t erms of t he stt'tute . It i s true .~. qt in cert aL sta tutory enactments, t l1e eff -Jets of v.rhich a r e r e troactive , c0 rt a in exemotiop.s are set 

forth. These t ypes of s t 2. tut es do n'J t apnl y he r e 1.1 t :hese c8.ses be cC?.use 

of t he absence of :•. y s ~~tutory cL tio~1 in e Act . I t is t he author's 

opinion t hat retroac tive exomotions, as such , we r e not in :fact exemp tions 

from Drovisions of code s but condonation~ of viol a tions a lre ady co mnitt~d 

and administrative de clarations of inte~tions not to prosecute , which 

declarations a re simil c.r to t he p r a ctice in the crimin9.1 law ~ovm as 

nolle nrosequi . 

A number of ·orders of exemotia:u.s i ssued by t l1e Administra tion exempted the· -.:a rtic·cllar a:Jnlicant or g roups of ,"l·pplicr>..n ts f:-om the provisions of the code on conc.i tion tilat certai n t :1inbs be done or that certain re quirements b.e sati::;fied. ( **) T'1e copd i t ional orm of exemp tion 

did no t occur in eac~ c ase9 

--------~-- ~--~---- --------- -----------

( *) Wadl§Y_~q_ut he n R. Co . v. Georria, 235 U.S. 651, 662 , 669 . See also 

New York Pub lic Service Corru.Ji ssion Law, Sec tion 24 . 

(**) See Order 64--55 , Orde r No . 120-10- RA Fil es. 

9844 
0 

Paymen o , ~;;;e r~ e · oPe i f · no i. ':: u Ol'G•?r of e. emn ion---- 9 

Rc irPmPnt of ab1C:in ' ·- n "i.nir.JJ11 w·1::; r:=t P~ in hP cnde-- 1 

~here ce or l s ... ..,~ , . . Ltl·· ·eo :~·('' "":1•, \.ci~inist r1 t~o ------ 1 

Re irE'me>nt . .<1t n '"' t.' 1) 0Vt: .; Of' .• i.1·...,c :tt. C•)Or-> r!:l .e---------- 1 

Requireme>r h~t '10 vc r 1c c on•-:- on '1. oli ·rl ·----------------- 1 

Re iremen tn8t ~a~ini~tr~ ive 0rr~·~sir ~o inc ~~fe oe rcentage · 

r~ st·~~ ed vol oe out"~ined-------- ------------ 1 

Gomoll-. Cl-' ' ... n code-----·---- ------------------------------- 4 

Pe il'l"f!lt>"lt •h.q~ re r"-.i n~" bo O'tld d :rlng cer ain s~ecified mon hsl 

teq~irPMe. ~ tha no excessive mRximum hours be ~orked---- ---- 1 

Llml '1 ion of rl od of ~ou enticeshin------------- - - --------- 1 

Limi q ,ion of nUY.bPr of aoprentices and ~ayment of ime and 

one-lRlf for overtime------------------------------ 1 2 

~eq11irement o no ~ay-cut------------------------------------- 1 

Limi ~ ion on r ed c i on of ryersonnel-------------------------- 2 

Li. · a on on '~n g 96 hours in wo weeks--- ----------'------ 1 

Li it. ion of maxim m daily hours and maximum weekl y hours wi h 

requi F~e nt of deducti on f r om ueak season tole r ance- 2 

e irE> .jen ha ove r t· .. P be avc r::tged ove r l~week pe r iod- ---- 1 

Limi ation of 48 o rs a ~eek-------------- --- -------- -- 1 

.. eq,·i r nment of ,)ayment of time ::tnd o.ne-half for ove r tiTile------ 1 2 

:;:eq i r e en of .JAyment of ti"'JP nnd one-third for over ime----- 11 

Li~i A.tion oon number of hours of overtime-- ----------------- 11 

Req ire .P. t of reoo:rt of additional hour s work~d ------ -- -- 1 

· h majori y of these im9osed conditions re l ated o the payment of 

inim m ages or adhe rence to cert in maximum hour r equirement s. The r e 

i's no doubt of the powe r of !1e AdMinistr a tion to exempt the par t icul a r 

applicant or apolicqnts from the provi~ions of he code eithe r upon a 

pa rti a l or cornplPte basis as to both ex "'n"c and ime , ho11<1eve r , the i mposition of -a condi ion m st bear a rela ionshi~ to the gene r a l pur pose s 

of he s"a ute in or de r to hqve a valid condition . (*) 

E> declared policy of tfie Act, ar.onr other things , r elates t o the 

promo ing of he or r~niza ion of in~ust y, tne reduction and r elief of 

unemuloymen ::tnd t he improvement of thP stsndar ds of labor. An examin~tion of some of the t yp s of conditi0ns tabulated above might show 

a r ela ion to !e de cl a red purposes of the Act , howevP r, &o~e of them 

may !Je ooen o quEstion. n add1tion, it is .subjE>ct toques ion 

vme ·1e r or no t .. ·1 Acrnini s ra ion should affix a condition t o an exemu-

"cion ordPr "~hicn is not a part of tbe code and which a membe r i s n0t 

a re~dy bound to coMpl; i t h . hese rar ious phases of the q estion 

r es,l ed , · n t'1e ooinion of :i1e A·tho r , in mrup invalid conditions 

nich '"erP a ... tecned o orders of e. emo .ion . 

Tne invalidity of these 

eff"'c con t:1e min ..., wage 

c n"c. ~ t 710 , d n-oear na: 

corid1tions raises t o points, one , the 

prov1sion, two , the effect uuon the applihP gr3nt of an exem~ ion o mhich an 

("') SeP Smi n v. Cal'won, _83 u. S. 553 (1930) 

9644 
invalid condl tion R'"'S :-ttt1chP~ " OulC. be 1. V'l.lid e"err"::>tion but th:1t the 

ccnd1t1cn mOLlld be ino~)er1 ive . I n U. S. v . nt£.3:~ _ _e t _c ., Railw:=tY Co ., 

282 U. S. 11 (1931) ~1 e Inte r st::>.t P Cor1rne r ce Commission tt !=~ Ched invalid cond1 t ions to 1 t s gr~n t 0 .1. a oe r lT!i t t o is sue se curi ties ~nd aft e r 

the securities were issued t .lP collrt neld :11t P V P;1 t. ·:1e..1 ·h thP condi tion 

was not severA.ble from tl1P bPsis of tne ·')E n~i t, thP condit i on coul d be 

ignored . ("') 

I t woul d seem that ~n i nvestL:qtion of thP cunC::ltio:ns ::tt '=lChPd to 

or de r s of exem"9tions · ould bl." n0ces"'a.l·y in ordPr t0 determine , with the 

backgr ound o-!' tne leg'11 principles here1nabove Ltated , whe t her o r n ot 

the c ondi t1ons imoosed were val id in f·J. ct :mG. in l A.w . 

The r e is also t hP l arger fie l d o!"' i:nvesti-Btion that , :=tssuming the 

cond i tion s Flttached to or G.e r s of exe n~tions •"TerP V!'l.lir , maul d t.he~r in 

f a ct mod i fy the prov ision s of t i1e code or cause ambi gui ty to arise t here -

from? 

:=tnd 

some 

for. 

An invest i ga.ticn d.isc l oses that c•f thP o ·G. Prs ex .,mined one h und r ed 

forty-six ( 146) tiJ.e r eof denied t'l.e '3DDllC'ltion for exeTT~pt n a nd in 

c a ses t hE: Admin1 s t r at i on t oo >:: o ccasion t o ex-v ress its re.qsons thereA t abulati on shO'lllS t he 1l o·~ing : 

R.B;ASGF S FvR D.cTIAL ui EXEl. P'l'I GN '\JUN'TIER vF C..RDERS 

Grant of Exe;otion woul d be unfair to competit o rs-- --- ---- 14 

Grant of E> xem·ot i .on ,..o ld r esult in c ode co l l<ms e -'-.:. - - ----- 1 - . . App lica nts are code viol ators- ------- - - --- - ---- ---- --- ---- 3 

Absence of Proof of har dsh .i.:o--- - - ------------ --- - --------- 9 

Code au t h ority and the ~-::::ini strati on c onsider e d 

g rant a p a rti cul A.r precedent-- --~ ---- -- -- ---- 3 

Market over-sup·91ied- --- - ------ - --:-------------------- - --

.~ A. chine hour li1r: i t at i on exem"9t ion)----- ------------ 1 

Skilled he l p il able -- -~ -- -- -- -- -- --- --- --------- -- 4 

Conditions of q_;:rpl iC8.Ut not d i ssimilA.r f r om those of 

othP r members of t !1P industr y-- - --------------- - - -- 3 

k inimuro wage s to o lo•.>v t o just ify exemptio n----------- - --- 1 

.The f ew r eaS0!1S rLbOVP ta.bul atecl a r e not of much he l p i n de t e r mini ng 

the f a ctors i n t hP A.ctu,g,l de c isi on of denial . TnP orde:rs 0f exemntion 

are er gene r a l i n t~ r ~tAtenents of rPasons and nr findings of f~ct 

were contained t he r e in . The p owe r of C"xemotion , q,s E.~ rrtnted b tne 1 ational Industri A..l -r:::ecove r y Act, is l i l7l it c1 to t n.P finc'ln th3.t the action 

is "necessar y t c e ff e c tuat e the oo1icy of L1 Act" · 

(*) SeA N~A Legql r ese:uch m mor?ndum 883 , l'i<w 13, 1935 , memorA..ndum on 

t ne effec t of ti.1e c onditional e.em9ti.on ordE-r. 

9844 
Th~ powe r to r Rn exemu ions is exec ive in chqrqc ~r ~nd it is 

presamed thA. t ~ e'ercisP of po•· ~r wqs in ::tccord'1.nc~ i f1 hP limit~-

ions l aid do~n by .on re ~s . (*) All of th ord~rs of P emu ion 

e .. amined con :>i E'd st~tf m~nt th::t . .1~ o~ rtlci.llF.tr ::tdministrativ~ action se forth in he ord r 'I!:>S "nPcess~ry t0 effect !'l.te the oolicy 

of he Act . 11 This findin , co· ple wltn the ~ t hori y of a line of 

decisions holdin , tha qn order of exempti on is vqlid evPn tho~ h m~de 

;vi tho any fc rral findings(** , rende r~ 0 :1~ s.cti0n of the> Admi nistrq ion valid within the ter s and limit~tions of o ational I ndustrial Fe>cove ry Act . 

cc 

The activity of tne> pR.r icular codes studied for nuruoses of this 

report in the realm of exemptions may be of interest anL th~ fo llo ing 

t abulati on n~s b en !11ade, which s nows the name of the cod.e studied and 

the number of orders of exemution found therein . The> t b lAtion also 

shors hP particul~r codP urovision to ~hich !110st aoulications fo r 

exem~tion referred: 

-A!. 'E GI:. CvDE 

Cotton Textile 

Shipbuilding & Shiprepa1 ring 

~1ool Textile 

Electrical l"anufacturing 

oat & :Suit 

Lace t.ianuf ac turing 

Corset & Brassier 

Legi timate Full Lengt1 Dramatic 

& "usical Theatrical 

Lumber & Timber Products (incomple 

Pho ographic Manufa c turing 

Fishing Tackle 

Rayon Synthetic Yarn Procucing 

Y en 1 s Clotni ng 

Hosiery 

Automobile .;anufacturing 

ast Iron Soil Pipe 

all PapP r 1:anufac uring 

Salt Pro<iucing 

Leather 

o ion Picture labo r atory 

nde r rear & Allied Prod cts 

uil Burner 

e) 

Nv. (J_ CRTIE S CC:DE P"10VISICN AGST 

GFT~ AFFECTED 

3() 

9 

38 

67 

7 

20 

28 

1 

29 

18 

9 

5 

7 

2 

1 

14 

2 

::tchinP hour ur ovisions 

vvertime WA.ges 

Jl,:achine hour s & normal 

maximum hours 

No rmal hours• and wage s 

WagP a r ea r ates 

aximui'II hour s 

Normal wage s 

iormal maxiTl'lurn hours 

rJormal ma..'\imUJTI hours 

Norm l maxi mu.111 hours 

MachinP hour s 

vve>rt m~ ol an e 

Torlllal ma..-.:imUJ"l hours 

Cvert.imP tol e r ance 

i~o rmal hour s 

t~achine hour s 

All urcvisions 

(*) SeP Panama .efining Co . v. Ryan, 55 Sun . Ct. 242 (1935), 

pa e 283 

( **) Se>e> .RA Legal research memorandum 68() , Varch 2 , 1935 , memo r andum 

of lqw on . e ad~inist ra ive law governing exemutions. 

9844 
N. ~E 0F C uDE 

Ga soline Pum9 

Textile Bag 

Tra.'1. it 

Artificial Flo~er & Fe ather 

Linoleum & Felt B,qse 

Lime 

Knit in , raidin~ & ire Covering } .. :rtchine 

:rtetail Lu...moer 

Laundry & Dry Cleaning 

rextile Machinery 

Glass Cont~iner 

Builders' Suuuli e s 

Bo i 1 e r !;:anuf RC turing 

Farm Equipment 

Electrical Stor~ e & 1et Prima ry 

Battery 

;{omen 1 s Belt 

Luggage & F~ncy Leat her Gocd s 

Ice 

Boot & Shoe _ii anu:;: act urir"g 

Saddlery Manuiact.uring 

otor Vehicle P..et ai!b Tr-1.d e 

Bankers 

Silk Te.-t i le 

uptical ,: anufacturing 

Automatic Spri~~ler 

Umbrella Manufacturing 

Mutual Savings ~. Banks .. 

Handkerchief 

Throrying 

Comnressed Air 

Heat Exchange 

Pump rv:anuf act uri ng 

Can & Closure 

l·farldng Devices 

Retai1b TraO..e 

Dress Manuf.qcturing 

Paint, Varnish & Lacquer 

Paper & Pulp 

.. illinery 

CLUl r.:anufacturers 

Wholesale cc Distributi ng Tr"l.de 

Schiffli, Hand Embroidery, etc. 

r.r. en Is Neckwear 

Aluminum 

Cigar Manufacturing 

9844 

- 99-

r-:c. GF F: "~ S CC E PRCVISiul' r··GST 

0FT.SN AFF~CT£D '---

3 

4 

28 

8 

4 

2 

2 

2 

6 

1 

2 

12 

4 

9 

2 

1 

7 

4 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

15 

29 

9 

7() 

41 

2 

14 

0 

2 

1 

25 

Normal hours 

normal minimum wages 

Wages "~nd hours 

ormal maxinr,m hours 

l~ormal maxiTTlU111 hours 

Normal maximlli'1 hours · 

c,vertimP tolerance 

-,vages .::tnd hours 

_ -inimum wages 

0vFrtime toler8nce 

Maxirrm:-1 hours 

Child lAbor 

··!,:achine· hours 

Hou rs 

Hour s 

Learner-s 

·~ i!limum wages 

Vinimum w~ es 

-:Yages ,qnd hours 

-'inimurrr wqge s 

Lvertine tol r~nce 

i ·axirnuTTl hours 

1-·· axi riJu"'l hours 

Sk illed wages 

lages .qnd hours 

UVertiTTlP tol e rBilCE' 

Area wage r~tes and percentage of ap~rentices 

Eours 

~:A irmT'l hours 

·Normal maxirnu"'l hours 

!'inimum wg_ge s 

Hours and wages 

Slow worker wage tolera nce 
- 100- . 

This ch1.p er has<'"(\ f<H concern.:-·<. i tPlf ""li h tr treat.men of 

Admini s r a i :e ordP r of gr·m or c e!ll fl1 oi: exe"'ro i0ns • 11i ch wPre issued 

after the aporo ~J of q cr··> 1 t •<'1 ., 1 s , c: u:-in ~ . :-. co trse of codP A.dminis r ation . I'hP co:1 n .. of t l r:> (' .. C' y ;~qs OH' J bao od upon ord rs ' Q.1':(0cting 

or a fe oa r i~1lq r codes . i S +)F d~inl tr~ i0n of codes pro~ res sed 1 

vario s problr- s arose w11ic11 req..1ire c ur'1 tic -:;n ~~ VTide su re Ad action , 

ei he r E ·ec i ve or Adr1inistJ'~ i e 1 w~~.icn ·vould find somP exoression in 

he iss fJllce 0f f!PnP r 'll exeM1) ions. 

A..'1 ordPr of Pner::tl Pxe ution ;'17.!\S one issued e~ttf.'. r by. thP ~t.esi'­

den or '1E' Ad inistr a or and ~pp L. ed to all codes, or to all codes 

\"hich ere aff ctPd by the particula r situati on covered. A few samples 

suffice . ( E"\uerience taught t'r)P Administr:t ion t hat he opPration 

o~ .e A i. small towns R d hamlPts resulted i n mqny cases of hardship 

n local r t qil r~de And service tr~de establishments. The solution 

of ru"' u robl::JTl l<'~y in Pxemu tions of those affected, so on uctober 23 , 

193'.., t.:ae Pre ide t, by Executive vrder No . 6354 issued a gene r a l exempion from certain urovisions of the PRA to employe rs engaged locally in 

re !lil t:-qcie ,qnd. local SPrvice trades, wh ose p l a ce or pl.qcps of busines('" P~e lccate& in to .ns Of less t han 25no ~opu lation. This form of 

gcn r .:tl e:-·pm9 ion \7!:\S no exercised by t he President on many occasions, 

but as u i ll7PQ by t Lle Admi nistrat or to TTJe e t 9roblems relt3.ting to 

p olicy 1 hardsh io c:t!1d o ner situations. Char1 table a nd publicly endowed 

hcspi tals found undue ha r dship '.l'li th respe ct to purchase of mate ri a ls 

f rom memoe rs of indus r ies subject to code s . This condi ion r esul ted 

in ';, ne iss Pnce of Ad'Tiinistrati,·e \.- rde r No. X-4 (Janua r y 23 1 1 934) whereby tno e membe r ::. of codified industries rho sold ma terit3.ls o charitable 

and puolicly endov.H:"!d hospi tnls 'Nerr:> e:xem·? ed from the provisions of the 

codes rel~+in~ t0 s~les . Difficult1es of t3.Ss es s~P nt of members of ind stry for code administrat'nn nee ssitated t L1P use of this ~owe r of 

exe1"19tion, as evidencPd by A.dministrt3.tive Gr de r X-3b (** . 1ffiA !'Olicy 

requireo. so ... 0 conside'!";}tion i n sof . r qs ccc1es a'9 olied o hel tered workshoos, ?nd ia ., exec·.:.tion of t i1 is oolicy a gene r ql exemution was 

r::Jnted whereby shel terecl . ork shoos "Pre evPi'lp t Pd fro !l the oper?tions 

of codes on ce r tAin connitions. (***) This po".re r of eene ral exemution 

as sed on v r 1r fpw occasions by t 1.e Admi ni stration P.'Yld it is mentioned 

here for hP uvruose of sho···ing cne particulc:~r type of exemotion and 

( ) Se e le-o df'l'!in i s .r.q i"P. CrdPr To . X- 140 - NRA files 

(•*\ ~or nor detAiled tre~tm ent of gene r a l exPmptions created 

by !txecu. ive ancl Administr ?tive C. r de rs seP 110 istory of Gene ral - . I 1!. : e lJU 10 1S , 0r\.: ..'ate ri a ls tic . 75. 

( * •"' 1 Ad "'1 in · s rat i VP C r d e r - 9 1 t a r ch 3, 19 34 , in liRA f i l P s . 

844 
-101-

the metnod of execution thereof. Ln som occ~sions a gene r ql e~emDtion 

was issued upon ti1P A.UD l icat1on of t1e interested pq,rti es , as in the 

case of Administrative Grder No. X-c. 

EXEMPTIG J - 3Y C0~E P~0VISI0N 

V:1.rious c odes !:!S subrni tted fo r approval, .gnd s ome ::,.s agrePd uuon 

between the sponsors thereof r.>,nd t ne Administr8.tion, cont a ined_ -provision s se ttin-g up exemotions f rom tne -o:rovisi ons of thP code. A 

usual exemption found i n codPs related_ to sqles for PJq>o rt whereby the 

prov1sions of the code did not .1poly to export s:::tles (*). CJther t.ynes 

of exemptions I'Ve re written into code s And o-oE> ratPd to rPlieve members 

of the industry from the ope ration of some or a ll of t he provisions of 

a code. Va rious questions arise i n connectio~ with these types of 

exemntions, tut tht., author i.1e s not ha.d. an O;J"?Ortuni ty to fully consider 

them. Cne of thPse p roblems rel ates to the above ment ioned type of 

oxempt1on by wh1ch code definiti ons of expo rt tr8.de varied from the 

definition of interstat e a nd forei gn co~merce found in 7 (d) of the 

Act. 

(*) For example, Article X, Gil Fie~d ?mnping Engine Manufacturing 

Code, No . 347, Sup-? . 35, Codes of Fair Competition, Vol. XIV, 

p.357. 

9844 
- l OZC?" ... APIER V 

rhe u ouer to f r ant exerroti ons is one easily susce'l tiolu of a buse and 

the exe rcise 0 .1. '.7hich , can r esult in co11p l ete defeat of the p u.rpose s of le 

l a ticn f rom ·hi c h the e xemution is anted. The r ea so J1 s for the poTier of 

e xem tions o r di snensing )o·re r s, a s they r:~ e sornetL1e s ca lle d, cFin be brol: 

do ·rn CI S f olloPs : 

1 . Defi ni te asce rtairc1cnt of -;e ne rAl 

l egi sla ti ve F~ngua e without the 

ne ce ssity of ~e cific nenaltie s or 

l au s ui t s . 

2 . co nition of sue cial case s which 

ca · not fit i nto a ge ne ral rule . 

3. Rel a xa t ion in cBse s of an eme r gency 

nature uhe re h~ anitarian conside rations 

are conce rne d . 

4 . la ation of questionable policies, 

e s:pe cia.lly t hose of an e conomic 

n8 ture ( *) . 

The above classifications show r easons for the allo\7ance of exemptions 

ea c h one of them ena oles a just enforcement of t he Act 8nd as such are 

o effect uate the p olicy of the Act. 

Chapter I r ef e rs to various sections of the Act up on hich the poner· 

g ra nt e xempt ions can be pr edicated . Sp ecific me ntion of the :phrase llexcep t ion s t o anci. exemp tions from II in ~e c tion 3(a) l e ads to the conclusion 

this s e c t ion \7a s intended to grant this pOV7er . This section ho\7ever, in 

mr:~i n spe c ifi e s n rocedure for the submission of code s and for the conditio 

a1n r ov:? l the r eof. Some doubt might arise thAt the p one r, to exempt or ex 

ate ~d t o the t i me of the orde r of alJp roval, but a careful reading of t L _ 

g r ant of :powe r r eveals that it is not li~~ed up with the order of app rova 

ra the r i s r epea t ed so that there is no such limita t ion up on the power to 

This concl usi 0n is ba se d on the con str uction of t he Act . Chapter I also 

t hat a gra n t of p a pe r to e xemp t as conferre d by Section l O(b) . Some dout 

ma y ari se as t o uhe t he r exemp tions and e xcep tions are included within the 

phr a s e 11 cance l or mod ify l1, howeve r it is sugge sted that the specific s ta _ 

be se t forth in neu l egislation , if any, as to :powe r of e xemption . Such 

ments s hould mC~ke i t cle ar tha t the p ouer to g rant tions mAy be madee 

he time of tle or de r of approv81 of t he code or afte ruards; that the exef 

may be modifie& o r te rmina t e d; a nd that p oiTer to exempt may apply to an id i vidua l, r;roup of individuals, industrial ubdivision , an entire industr, 

e r ican industry in gene ral . 

hapte r I ment io ns t he administrative discretion conferr ed upon the r 

dent in the e xe r cis e of the p owe r of exemp tion . An arbitrary action witt. 

ec t o exemptions is no t p roue r and subs t a nti e guide s as to the subjecto 

exemp ions denot gene r a l p rin cip les of fa i r lassification. These princ~ 

( ) Freund , dmi nistrat ive Po Tie rs Over Persons and Prop erty (1928) , Page_. .. 

9544 to 139, inclusiv. : 
-103iJ 

fAll into one of t " o catego rie s - (1) classif,tca t io ns must be fair and 

r eEl sona ble and not arbi trar~r , ( 2) alJ. pe rso ns \7i thin the class must be treated 

alilce so that others not at the moment 8"D1lying f or exenrotion may JnAke a·1•1lication at a l~t r time u:oon a sho1rins that they are ·within the class so 

f efined (*). It is t rue there is nr guA ra nt ee in t he Fifth .Amendment of the 

Federal Constitution of equal u rotection of the la :s, but in cases a rising 

unde r the Fourteenth AmendJaent of the 1ede rc:ll Constitution i t .. does p rescri1:Je 

equal p rot ection of lews, uhi ch '."T ill serve as a. p r ece dent for t e termining 

VAlid. classifications in the exe rcise of the p owe r of exempt ions. (**) 

The ne cessity of exem~t ns be ing fair ;.md reasonable and that the 

ap:plication thereof be e qually uniform would indicate that the p0'.7er to e xempt 

should be granted le islativ ~r in a ccordance \7ith a clC~ration of standards 

upon '.'hich the exercise of administrative discretion could be p redicated 

and limited~ This form of ::;rant of poner could Sl1e cifically s e t fort ·:· the 

various requiremen t s for tho g rant of an exem·o tion and require tha.t uuon 

sufficien t sho rring and a finding thereof by the admi.ni strati ve agency that the 

applicant cBme within the limitation of such standards, the exemption could 

be issued. 

The issuance of such a.n exemption could, under the terms of the statute 

be declared a precedent for all othe r ~~e rsons equally situated, thereby meeting the requirements of a fair and r e asoneble exemp tion ap:olying to all persons 

in the same category. For the purooses of information:, it could be required 

that notice and •Jroof of co ndi ti0n si il~r to that of the pl;',ece:dent should be 

submitted to the administrative ~e ncy by the particular pe rson or group of 

persons so similarly situated. This requir ement of r eport and uroof would 

enable the adrninistra.tive a gency to ta1>:e action with respect to any part icular 

problem which would arise by virtue of the 1?rec8'dent created~ 

r· 

The above mentioned standards for rule s and cla-ssification s find a basis 

' for a statement thereon in Secti0n 1 of tb.e 'p r e sent .Act. Elabo ra.tions upon 

these sta:q.dards cBn be ob t ained i n some ·de:';r ee from the information set forth 

in the Chapter entitled "Causes of Exem·oti0nsn. The reasons set forth in the 

apDlications will se rve AS some . criteri~ fo.r the standards su ~gested. It is 

(*) See 113A Lega.l research memora.ndu,m No. 406, November 16, 1934, memorenO.um of l Bw conce rning subs tan ti ve s>uides in granting exemptions. 

(**) See Connely v. Union Sewer Pipe Co., 184 U.S.540, 22 S. Ct. '431, 

46 L. ed. 679 (1902) 

9844 

Central Lumber Co. v . South Da ;: ota, 226 F.S.l57, 33 S.Ct. 66, 57 L. ed. 

. . 164 (1912) 

Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe .. R:;zy .Co. v . Ellis, 165 U.S. 150, 17 S.Ct. 260 

61 L. e d. 685 (1897) 

Jones v. Brim, 165 U.S. 180 , 17 S. Ct. 282, 41 L. e d. 677 (1897 

Se8board Air Line Rwy. v. Se ege rs, e t Al, 2C7 U.S . 73, 28 S. Ct. 28 

52 L. e d. 108 (1907) 

German Alliance Insp.rance Co. v. Hale, 219 U.S. 3 7, '31 S. Ct . 246, 

.- -- 55 L. ed. 229 (1911) 

Radice v. New York, 264 U~S. 292, 44 S. Ct. 3~5, 68 L. ed. 690 (1924) 

·-
-104-

re"llized t hat ver·• little information is contnin3a. in this re1c rt as to the 

re1 sons for e xen tirns f1 om trAde 1r a c ice 1rovisions <~nd Plso code authori 

provisi ns, ut so te i foi'-1.::1tion .1us t be Avail~ble in S<' 1e of the studi i c s · 

· eing conducted u' the Tr.::1de Pra ctice Studies Section of the Division of 

'evie-- an(!_ <' further s tud.y of this subject '"'ill d i scover t em . 

E~~anin?tion of recoru.s of L. i n 1J~.;ct to tlG use of the terms , 

"e xemution " , He:.ce Jt ion" ,!)nc " stay"· sh0\7S att emnts on the nart of the Admin · '· 

r ation t o differc. ti:,te the -neani r>"'S the r eof, follo··rad by flttempts t o t reR · 

tha terms s vncn lllO 1sl , r e sultin3; i n i nte r cl angeable u s e of tl e terms. Utt 

crnfusicn r esultec as to the exact me;m i nn- of the adJ"Jin i strative use of the 

various terms. AdninistrCJ tive or ders covering identicPl situations in one 

CC'Ise 7ould e.~em!Jt the particul?r ap~1l icant fron the :-> revisions of the co de 

and in the other, stay the l)rovisirns of the code a s to the pr:~ rticular Rp"Jl 

cant . I t is true that tho effect of the a <1:1in istrative action does not d,J . 

UDOn mere tenninolo .,y, but fo r iur,Jc ses cf A dmin i strati ve cl -ri ty, t he p rocedur e and the li :e , it is J.~econ 1Cndod that l egislative definitions of the 

terms "exemntionn and "e:;:ce·,)t ion" be made to act AS ides to ad.rni nistratox 

of fln~· ne•-r Ac t . I t is sugge sted that the t e r m "exer.nt i on" refe r to ad'lil1if . 

t r ative act ion by ,hich the particular membe r of ?n industry or trade or 

seve r a l members theraof, including geog cYJh ic~l or industrif.ll subdivisions 

or the entir e i ncustry, are relieved from full or ua rtial o··le:tation of a cc 

and that an exemY)tion ca nnot ope rate unless the r e has been a nrior obligat:. 

to abide by the code . 

The te rm "e;.:cept'ion" should r efe r to AdministrAtive action Tihe reby a.n 

individual, group of individuals, e ither i n 3eo grnnhicAl or industriAl su 

divisi ons, or an entire industry or trade is r e licv,; d from the opcr:,tions < 

a code, or po r t ion thereof, by the t e rms of the code itself. 

The ter m "stAy" should refe r to administrative D ction ~,he eby an indiv idua l, grou:.J of individuals, e ithe r ge ogrB·o hical or industrial , or an 

entire industr y rould be relievs d from the operation of the Drovision s of 

a code , in -,hole or in pa rt, by .tho orde r of a iJ:o rovfll of the code . The sta; 

ope rate s ;from t he timo of the ~; romul.:; ation of the co dE:: and recognize s the 

e xistence of the Da rticular p rovision but li es pe rsons ~~om the ope rat 

hereof fro:-1 the time of the orde r of ap .. Jrove l. The e ffect of an o rde r of 

stay issued afte r the app r ove l of the code \o70uld, under the sugge sted def 

nition, be an exempt ion and no t a stay. The sugge sted definitions may ser 

some .:J,Uidc. and it is most strongl y urge d t hat some clarification of the te 

be mad,:; . ~n 

-~. 

This r eport la:sts the a c tu.a l official r e cord of the d el ega tion of non ::r 

o an t excmn tions. The r e cord of itself is in the ~a in sufficie nt . An 

examination of the f il s discloses vArious ·dcviations in the authority Gra .f 

It is true , considc;;ration of speed and eme r gency confronted the Administra 

in 1933 and the 0 PFl y part Of 1934 . 5uch matters as de l egation and the pr 

exp r e ssion t:1creof s eamed of secondary im"f)ortancc . In CJddi tion, the exces ,. 

of autho~i ty .found in th r e cords we r e not attributed to the Administrator .. 

the ationa l Industrifll Re cove ry Board, but ra the r to tho lesser cf iciF~ls .,

ffiA. Lack .of 3C'Ordination of activities 'and )r e cedents up on which thGir 'h

actions co uld be be s cd were ve r y strong contributing cause s of ~hese e xcee 

of au hcri • If t he sugg sticn r c latin· to standards and classificatione 

o exeM~tions is follo1ed , the necessity of g ross delega tion TIOuld not be 

r eal. The v~rianccs may in some cases have been due to problems of p rocec 

9844 
- -lOSnd interof~ic o O')G rBtio n . The sit·.wtion is not cf such im'Jortance as torequiro legisletiv:; Cl c t icn, ~1 · 0 rer, it is su.r:~3:e stocl t hat the lJOwe r to g rant ex-

'"'!n1Jtion s should r omBin i n tho EldJninlstrativo F.1 [,ency vr ith the :oossibility of 

some dele gation to an exomT)t io n officer, w~1o shou ld be the onl y one permitte d, 

o the r than the hePtd cf the a droinistrE~ tivo Dt:cnc• , to exorcise t h is p owe r. 

Since this r cucrt has not consid .::; r od q u e stir ns of d.:; l8y and. ine ffici ency rrith 

r os,Ject to t; Bphical considerations, the question of the re ional de centralization of autho rit:r is l e ft o :10n Pt s to suggc.:stion , ho "leve r , the p l an initiated 

b:' the Na ticnf.ll Indus trial Reccvery Boa.rd rri th r c SY,JOct to exempt i ons in territorial code s as evi cl.enced by Office Memorandum No. 348, March 19, 1935, should 

b0 continued. It is the O'l") inion of the f.luthor that tho ,,-,ho l e sale de l egation 

of the ) orre r to exem:1t r e sulted in l a c1:: cf cG ordination .'3ncl little kno,ryl edge 

of the e ~:tent <'nd nur:1 ber of ~1e au·olica.t i ('n s be ins sub::n i tte d, thereby r esulting in inequities, code brea~: yms and a rbitrary ruli ngs . A tighter, 

closl,r and ma r \... car full ~- g;uarde0. c nntr0l of t~~_ is poner would r e sult in better 

~1 inistr8tivo us e the r eof. · 

The elimL'lation of t h.2 cause s of e xem:o tions depends ·u-pon the types of code 

provisions to \7hich exemp tions woul d. bo P ddress e d. The analy sis of e xemotions 

and codes in Chapt er IV, is mo r e .9 rl1.1 tter cf history thrn a basis for concrete 

sugge stion P S to p·articular co des. Tho expe ri ence hAd Pith certPt in industries 

as to c e rtnin p rovisions, of cou rse , is he l pful, p rovided th0 same J~e of 

-orovisions \rould be submitte d by th3 SArno i0-dustry. ·A Y:novrl edge of the 

co nditions in the indust ry often is tho controllin~ factor as con~nic and 

in us trial conditions mC~y chant";o , but it i s sugsf! stod that, in consider!" t ion 

of any new code s, pa rticula r Attention be p Ai d to the fol;Lo rling: Hul tiple 

co.de s, over l app in ~ d e finitions, peak sea sons in tho industry , a.dequa.t o provisions for rush of orde rs, nva ;i.labili ty of sk illed help·, fin8ncia.l condition 

of the members of tho industry , the e~? artm nta.lization of the industry, la.bor 

unre st in the industry , ,-;·e ogr a··Jhical diffe r e j1tia ls, all of which .r e sult in 

8pplications for e xcmpt ions. 

The f.luthor does not f eel q~a lifi ed upon the ba sis of this r epo rt, to 

submit any recom! 1endations ard .~· trC'lde ~J ctice p rovisions. 

It is sugge ste d that it h r ospo ct to tho 'De riod of nn exemption, gr ea.t 

latitude and discre tion be 'reuo s cd in the elli-ninistr;:,tive e gency . 

It is su,g~ st d that retroactive e xemp tio11s, e1.s such, be e liminated 

and th8 t if si t ua.tions a rise \The r eby ··J01'7Gr of condonation s hould b e utilized, 

that it be used in thRt manne r rBtho r than i n the f or:1 of a r etroective exemption. 

It is the opinion of t he author tnat a n~mber cf administrative orde rs 

of exemlJtions containe d conditions whic h , under the o rdina r y rule s of 18':7 

of cc-nditicna l c:.:emp tions, wo re invPlid. The ne ce ssity of CC'nditions in 

exemptions is r ecr gc) ized, but th0 admin ist r ative exe rcise of the impo sition 

' of thes e conditions should oo lir.1 i t e d by st, t utc r y decla rC~ti C'n s as to the 

types of cc.ndi t io n s which could !Je i nrr>c sed , 'be a.ring in mind the l egal r equireme nt that the condition must bea r r e 1At i rns 1

J,ip to the ma.tte r upon 7hich 

the orde r of exe1J•1 tion is issueci.. 

9844 
- lO -

.~->.P endi x ,o . 1 

'"'Ii..4.S.:S OF 

TE:E S Tt.iDY 

I'he outline O.J..- he s tud.,r of this subject (ATlendix r''o . 2) lists code 

r~uth ri ~ finpnccs ns a ene rfll to · ic for s tud{,· of e:-w. ti~"'ns, but n record 

of this fcrw of ex-.,mpti ns othC;r th n A:ninistrativo 01·der ·o . X- 36 , h::lve 

been mentioned herein . In !3C:.di tion , the subject of ter .. lina.tion of exemption 

ccntained in dm1.1istrative Orde r c . X- 36 h;:-s not eon covered. 

The substantive _oha ses of 8:-:e )tions c:md. exceptions ar€ the basis of 

t is r eno rt. nO' rever, there arc 1t'n7 other pa rts of th0 su bject that are 

po rtan and . .Eve et <:lire ct r elation to tho subst '"~ ntiv o side . The ,qdJainistrative p r oc edure set ~p to handle ::lp~lications for excm~tions , the ori 

thereof as to t.Lle t c of ap·1licent , ~atte rs of routing , co--: nmications , oi 

fro field. r as en nte.cof:i ~J :.a ttc r in .asnington , the uortici~Jation of 

the dvis r · Boards and. the de cision s u,Jon l'lYJl ications of e::-:em•Jtions, the 

r eq·1.irements as to l c::sality Pnd policy , the amou nt of conside ration of app lications both p ro Flnd con , • the pa:i:t p layed by fi · ld offices in this con.si 

~ra ion, : nd otl1or general questions r e lating to "YJ rocedure hav~ no t been 

covered ·uy t' is· re~J ort . Coupl ed ·1ith consider.qtions of )r ocedur e a r e a lso 

questions of the effici ent Mndling of e:p··Jl ications '"' nd ope r ation unde r the 

procedural set- up . Investi~a tions into ~ critical analysis of the ur ocedur 

Pnd the v~rious conditions causing or aidin ~ delay in the e fficient handl~ 

of .qp:9lications are matte rs of im··Jo rtance in the stud of an administr ative 

a gency. The effe cts of i neffici ent hAndlin ~ and ~:.. la"- there on , if any , 

the e-eneral purpo se s and policie s of the Act, code structure, code compli.!'r 

and code enforce-.wnt are questions of conside ration. It has not oeen po ssj 

in tLi s re·., rt o cc .L1 sidcr t hes-., "Dhaso s . 

J.c f e r enc e to the outline of t:u stu d:r (Apucndix o . 2) will reveal tbt 

SCC'!Je of the ·1 ossibilities of further r evie • 

"His tor of General Exenpt ions", \To rk .. a t o3 rial s · o . 75, trea ts Execut 

and Adminis t r ative Ordo3 rs pertaining to general exemu tions. 

9844 
- lC 7-

' . 'Ill -J . • ;...;,._ PART THREE ,/ 

Appendi x lTo . 2 . 

1. Introduct icn 

EXEUPI'IC' S A ::U ~:ZCE _ JliCl1rS 

(Gutlinv ) 

::..l Obj ec tive and sco 1e of t he .r t u dy 

2. BAs s in the Act 

2.1 Se ction 3( 3 ) 

2 . 2 Application of Se ction 3(a) to ctio~ 4, Section 7(b) 

an~ Section 7(c) 

2.3 Application of Se ction 10(~) r1 nd Section l O(b) 

2 .4 Limitations, if :-=1 ~1 , U·JOn tl,.e Pre si d.cnt 

3 . De finitions. 

3 .1 Re ference in Act to terms "e::e'm·J tion" And lle-·ce·oJtions 11 

3 . 2 Ordinary definition 

3 . 3 Legal defi niticn 

3 . 4 AdministrAtive definition cnange s 

3.41 Administr ative re.L e r enc e and use of term "exce,JtionU 

3 . 5 Statement of synonomous use of both terms and application 

thereof for ··Jurpo ses of study 

4 . Delegation of pQ:.-e r to grant excmJt ions and e xceptions 

4.1 Necessity of _de l ee;a tio:::t and e::tent thereof 

4 .11 To the Adr:linistr.?tcr 

4 .111 P. R. A. exemntions and exceu tions 

4 .112 Code e~J tio;s ~nd ~xc e~ tio~s 4 .113.Form of delega.tion 

4 . 114 Limitations on de lega tion 

4 . 2 Retentions of ~e r ·by Pre sident 

4 . 21 rtE: q lire::!lents of concurrence of conference with 

othe r U. S. agencies 

4 . 3 Transfer o ~ ·Jo1:1e r tc- ~~a ticnal I ndus trial Re cove r y Board 

4 . 4 Additional de l egations of, limitations or conditions on 

~.J <' e r gra :1.ted to Nationel L1C.ustrial Recovery Board. 

Note : For purpos e s of study of subseque nt d e l egations of p oTier 

to lesser boc.:Y(.s and office rs the .Administ r ::, tor and Na.tiona.l Industrial Recove ry BoArd· '.•ill be considered 

to gether. 

4.5 Necessity of delegation to l e sse r boards and officials 

9844 

4 . 51 P. R. A. exenpt ions and e :x:c8}Jtions 

4 .511 P.R.A. policy board 

4 . 512 P.rt. A. exemptio~ board 

4.513 State and Re giona l Directors 

4 . 514 Local P.R. A. co·1;! i ttee s 

4 . 52 Code exel!l'l')tion s and e ~: ce .. Jtions 

4.521 Deput7 AdministrAtors 

( . 522 Limitations and. eqi.lir ":~ on t s 

4 . 523 Division A~1inist tors 

4 . 5 231 Orig inAl power i n de ,,J.ties 

4 . 5232 Ne cessity of enlargeQ setu~ - coordination 

4 . 5233 Limitations and requiTeme nts 
- 0 -

P ;{T •· • ::RE;E 

A'"' d1x : . 2 

4 . 524 Rcgionnl nnd t~tc Directcr~ 

4 . 5241 ::·te.-~t C'f dtl ~ation . 

52~ l s~rvice c~d s . 

4 . 52412 Cod s in GenGral . 

4 . o25 rciritcri8l Ft~uinist qtors . 

4 . 325_ Limitations anc re01ircmcnts. 

4 • 5 26 • ~ 1 e ~a t i 0 n t 0 Cr d 2 A ' t b or i tie s by 

4 . 5 61 Code revision . 

4 . 5262 

4 . 5263 

4 . 5264 

4 . 5265 

Adminis trati v~ order. 

:3 -1:-l~'s of Code Aut .... critie~ . 

GBnvral ad-'linistrP ion ·~"',_ ic·- . 

Le.: a 1 a ~)e c t s c f ci.ele ;P t i r n to ..,c do 

Aut nrities. 

4 . 6 Dele :,aticn of uo 1e r for nur ... ,cse s cf 8})JCal . 

4 . 61 Industrial lJCa ls Boa r d . 

4 . 62 d is~"' y Co uncil . 

· 4 . 63 AC. .. inistrator --ncl :tratirnAl Industrial :rteco €-r' Boa r d . 

5 . Kinds of e ..... em.Jticns P.nd e:.ccJti~~s . 

9844. 

5 . 1 Exem•Jt i~n from ·wov isi~ns o.:. r1ll codes. 

5 . 11 General - t- xomnts c0rta i n ·'le rsor .. s frorr! all code s . 

5 . 111 E. clusi~"'n of i no i vidun l r,a ual labor - sell in3 -

m:'r1

ce tin- ci >ro ::.uc "' oi f 'Hill in Act . 

5 . 112 Ca 1.~ s of ;;e~o.fl l eJ·omJt ions. 

1121 rrisons. . 

5.112; ~dcr~l ~r Stat'"' co rn~ct ti on . 

5 . 1123 Sheltered ';"1',-.r,:s ... cus. 

~. 1124 Territ0rial 1r blems. 

5 .1125 Far~ c~"'~;eratives . 

5 . 1126 I'rac e 0r ind .stry ~n to1.:ns of~ 00 or l e ss. 

5 . 1127 Gco_,r'1 >r .. ical "Jr obll.i.:lS . 

5 . 1128 .~ult i ,..., cod0s. 

5 . 1..29 

5 . 1121 

(; th~.E· cause s . 

:-?iC"'l as.:; s . 

5 . 113 i~t ,. C.. ,-f c:r.:c :,tic·1. 

5 . 2 Com"'Jlote i ndivH .. Wll e::--:GiP1ti·"n . 

5 . 21 Exen1ts one cr norc irdustry o r tr;~dc .o::-:bers f r 0m 

~11 rO visi~"'nS of • cede . 

5 . 211 C<=ru.s es. 

:5 . 212.1 S;"'J 11 r 10unt cf tusin~s::- U:1der code . 

).2112 .iul ti )l0 cou.e s . 

5 . 2113 C-eo -r· -,hi cPl :!':'C' 'Jlt.. 1s . 

5 . 2114 :a n':r-1 tcies cmd. 01 si...css failures. 

5 . 2115 

5 . 2116 

5 . 2117 

- ' . L.ecoi Lrs·~i 1s . 

Iorei·n comJLtiti~n . 

Su .Jject tr otr ... c r <:P r_r n 1 r .. t agenci e s . 

5 . 3 ?artiel i rdividual cxcm tion. 

5 . 2:1 Exe;!:lpts one cr r.orc in~llstr" or trade .1CiJ OC.. rs frcm 

art of the p r0visinns of P code . 
-lOtl6. Exemutirns F~n<l exceJtions fro!'1 c rd.J ··Jrcvision s re ln ting to la~or: 

6 . 1 T'r_pes of hour ;Jnd 1.va ge s oxenvtions • . 

6 .11 Unli::ti t ed. 

6 . 12 Conditional . 

6 • 13 Tv'1 i CAl Cr1 SG S • 

6 . 2 I.iaxi "J:lurn hours. 

6 . 21 NormAl 1Je riods. 

6 . 22 Pe0'~ periods. 

6 . 23 Overtim~ olo rF~nc s. 

6 . 3 Minimum ,_,a l:;e s. 

6 . 31 No rmal r Ate . 

6 . 32 

6 . 33 

6 . 34 

. 6 . 35 

Ove rtime r o te. 

Apprentice r ate . 

S'-: illed rate • 

Unio n contract rate . 

6.4 ReA sons for maxL,mm hour and minimu1u wage e xemptions. 

6 . 41 Geo g rfnhi crd diff "l ti ls. 

6 . 5 

9844 

6 . 42 Inability to o~0e rate unde r code -:J rovisicns. 

6 . 421 Scarcit y of lcbor. 

6 . 422 

6.423 

6 . 424 

6 . 4 25 

6 . 426 

6.427 

6. 4 28 

6.429 

6 . 4211 Common. 

6 . 4212 

6 . 4 213 

Ap·0r en t i ce . 

~i lled. 

Peak demands. 

Rush of orders. 

Inventory. bo l storing . 

Eme r gency work . . 

6 . 4251 Protection of p roperty. 

6 . 4252 LiaintenBnce . 

6 . 4253 Weat~er, fire, acts of God. 

Comnetitirn \'T ith uncodified. industries. - - Fe de ral and stAte compe tition. 

Financi a l difficulties. 

e~artBen tal difficultie s . 

Gener l labo r p rovisions. 

6 . 51 Child labor 

6 . 52 A:-p·1r entices. 

6 . 53 Handicc:: J:!J~ d vm r ke rs. 

6 . 54 Standa rds of saf e~y And hea lth. 

6 . 55 Home work . 

6 . 56 Stre tch out . 

6.57 Scrip ~ayme nts. 

6 . 58 Equitable r eA djustment o:7 wage s .above t he n inimum. 

6 . 59 Posting . 

5~ Colle ctive bc r ga i n i ng. 

6 . 52 Misce llaneou s. 

TypicBl case s a nd d.is.c1:ssic n thereof a s to 

6 . 61 BAse s of exeEpt i ons. 

6 . 62 Deve lopgent of p olicy . 

6 . 6 3 Eval~a tinn of eA~e rien s. 
- 1 0-

7 . Excmoticns !)nd exc eptio. s from r.;de nractice 'Jrovisic . s . 

7 . 1 p; .. 

7 . ') 

..., 

7 . .... odes. 

Kinds of revisio . 

7 . 31 Gcner::-1 tr.,de 

7 . 311 cde s . 

7 . 3111 

7 . 3112 

7 . 311~ 

7 . 3114 

7 . 3115 

p ... ·P ctice r ule s . 

Genero11 Acceote~ in la·;-. 

Dcsiraole out not fully 2cccpted i n la 

D0sirable ut no basis i L l ou . 

ndesiraole . 

Unenforceable . 

General anBl:rsis an( d.is cussion of trade racticc r ul : s fron vierr.,o i nt of 

e~c~ptions And except i ons. 

7 . 32 Codt: Authc:ritr rules and r 3gulatirns h;:;vin-:; f orce 

and e ffec t of trcde pr· ctice rules. 

7 , 33 Price rycl icy. 

7 . 331 Price fixing . 

7 . 331 1 :f:j.xod price-s. 

7 . 331 2 Lc ~d st ea sonP e 1rice . 

~313 .cdal Iilr r!<:- un . 

3~2 Price co~tro , 

33 21 Loss l ende rs. 

7 . 3322 Los li: .i tP tions. 

7 , 333 Op0n '1ric.J s··stc,....s . 

7 . 0331 I n stitution of stern . 

7 .3 7 32 P~rtic Jlar cont:rPcts. 

7 . 3:33 Iii:. t he d cf o· Je ra tio!l • 

. o te : For purprse of diSC:l.SSi(lilS uiC:. d .... -JC Sitory S}·stems a:r:e incl dec'l. 

under ti1is ub- di i s.:..on. 

7 . 334 Cost provisic ~s :-

7 . 3341 Se les o lon ccst. 

7.~04~ 0 soletc oods. 

7 ~~243 3 ;JC r 0 c·1c;r .Ci.is·Josals. 

7 . 334·( · Com·1e tition . 

7 , 335 Acco tntin:; s:rs tems . 

7 . :3051 ::e ce sity of ;:rp:Jrcvrtl of C:.min istrator. 

7 . 3352 Co:::ulexi ti of s·rsten. 

7 o0353 :Jiffic'2 ties c f instcll ticn. 

7 . 336 Sa lc s re'10 r t irP s vs t CJ s . 

B. ExeruJtions ?nd exce )t io .:1s from Co-·.: ut11cri ty n rovisio .s . 

9844 

8 . 1 Duties requi r ed by code JrCvl sions • . 

8 . 11 Orgnni za ticn of Co c Aut:.o r· t ;-/. 

8 . 12 Renor s b r Co d~ Aut:.o.~.·ities . 

8 . 13 CcmpliBnce activities •. 

8 . 14 GG.1e ral cod. . ad.M1n i s tr.,tic n . 

9. 2 · . rules anrt regulAtions ~gard in; '3ctivitie s of 

Co ut·rrit i cs. 

:. .3 C-ene r E'l e.wcutive and adninistrative orde r r e :,A rding Code Aut ho ri tio. 

. 31 Or :-.:L.i za t icn . 

3 . 32 

• 33 

2 . 34 

·.:·:qdator r req ire ::~c n ts • 

Cede administration. 

Com.)li;:mcc . 
-111 .... 

9. Code Aut horitv fin~nces . 

9 .1 Necesnit·r f~ XR 11 tion. 

9 .11 .Ad.ll1inistr0tive Grder X-19 ;-mel 9Ubsequent ordPrs 

r e latinG tho r eto . 

9 . 2 Development of termination of cenptiqn . 

9 . 21 Ne ce ssity. 

9. 22 ]as~s of opDlications t he r efor . 

9 . 23 Co :·!siderotions by N.R • .A. 

S . 24 Dote r r.1ina t i ons. 

9 . 241 co ~plete tormination . 

9 . 242 Partial te rr.1 ino tion. 

9 . 25 Effects. 

10. Labnls. 

9.251 N. R • .A~ olicy. 

9 .252 Co~e Authorit y fi nances. 

9.253 Com'Jl iance and enforcement. 

10.1 Base s of .exemn tions from l obe l Drovisions. 

10 . 2 Effect of exemntions ~anted 

10. 21 Uu on industry members. 

10. 22 Cor.1)1l ianc e 

11. Exemp tions from r e qu irements of re}JC'rting data. 

11 . 1 Where Code Authority is reportin ~ a<'Se ncy. 

l l. 2 Whe re r e·.Jo rts a.r e r equire d f~0 :1 i ndiyidual membe r s of 

industry . . 

11.3 Usu9l gove r mnent a l r epo rts 

11 . 4 Ge ne r a l execut ive or ad.r.li nistr e tive orde rs 9S exemptions 

from e~ort m8king . 

11 . 5 e s and. r egulations r e exempt i ons fro··: r eport-making. 

12. GovornrJent contracts. 

12.1 Discu ssi0n cf Executive 0Tders 6337 a nd 6646 as t o 

exemptions. 

12. 2 Base s of a··T 1icf.ltion fo~ exempti ons f r om exe cutive orde rs. 

12. 3 Nature ::-nd ext ent of e.x .nyJ tions g rBnted. 

12. 4 Effect of exe!:lptions upon pur-.Jose of exe cutive orders. 

13 . Condi tiona 1 orde rs of a p;:>royol. 

13 . 1 NDture of exem:pt1o ns r equest e d . 

13. 2 Co ns ide rations by N . P. • .A. 

13. 3 De t e r mineticns. 

1 3 . 4 Effect up on conditi ons and ~;ene l co de structure . 

14. triscel:...anoous e:~e tions . 

14. 1 Code Pro vis ions. , 

14 . 2 Executive and eruninistrRtive orde rs. 

14. 3 Policy . 

14 . 4 ~~ . r '\.:_l e s ar.d r egu.latio.r1 s. 

15 . Time of e :cem:pt ion. 

15 . 1 Duretion of Act . 

15 . 2 Tem,Jorary ::Je riod. 

15. 3 Re troactive . 

1 5 . 4 Conditicna1 

15. 5 Emer:.::;ency. 

9844 
-1 12-

16 . Procedure as tr excrnut ions. 

16 . 1 A-n,11ic.,ticn bv 

9344 

16 . 11 In :us tr n~mber . 

16 . 12 

16 . 13 

16 . 14 

Inc 1stry g,Tou '· 

Cod~;; Ant.1ori ty. 

16 . 131 ·ationGl . 

16 . 132 Local . 

Institutca. o;;- -. R. _. 

16 . 141 InG.ustr r ivision. 

16 . _42 1 a1 Divisic 1. 

16 . 143 AQvisorJ cards. 

16 . 144 Fi~1a or ic s. 

16 . 145 Othar de~1artrn..-;·~ts of F ~··A . 

16 . 15 Govc::: rnrnon t agencies Ovher t ba n . 

16 . 16 LA bo r . 

16 , 161 I ndividue1 . 

16 . 162 ·Group o..C Cit1""llC' •e...;s . 

1C 1621 Unc r c.:1i ze d . 

16 . 1G22 ni on~ 

16 . 2 To \'!flO Til ,as apnl ica tion G.L ._ c ted. 

16 . 21 \7ashint!t. n . 

16 . 22 Fi 1d off ice s . 

16 . 23 Cocle Authc ri ties. 

16 . 24 Otnc r go vc rnr.enta1 a:;encies. 

16 . 3 Co n side:Ptirn of ap~1icPtir~ . 

16 . 31 B r d ... mut--. 

13 • 7 ·2 

l6 . Z3 

16 . 34 

16 . 35 

16 . 36 

16 . 37 

16 . 3.:, 

16 . 39 

16 . 31 

1 6 . 32 

Ad·isorv BoGrds. 

:D.asearch and P:La ··min; Divisio n 

LegP. 1 Di vi sian. 

ru1in is~r ati cn ~Jmbers an8 Cod0 uthc ri t . . 

R.:;vio"<V :D ivisio n 

Extent of cons ide ra ~irn bt ~rards , e tc ., and 

1i~it~t ions thereon . 

Division arlm inist~at o: . 

Ei~her o fi cia1s nrd Pr siucnt . 

Ex te~t of consi dcretic~ of b i~fs p ro and co • 

FiL1d c~ ic . 

16 . 4 Due ·o rocc ss r ec:_ui r ement . 

16 . 41 A"1p1ication s submitt c to .• ea ri n~ . 

16 . 411 :r :~e . orra enc cxt cn t.of not ice . 

16 . 412 Pl1ce of her:n·L g . 

13 Re cord of ~o.,: in . 

16 . 42 pp1icatio. s submittec to aL OF~ort~~ity tD o~ l~a . 

1 6 . 421 I'.,rpe , :orn P.nd e~·t,:m t of notico . 

16 . 43 Application r ccei vin.; no •1uolic crnsid..:: ra tion. 

16 , 44 Di scussicn of trea t'!!Gn of a P'J1 ic ticns '7 i th 

r .:; erd to due 11 r cess r equirements. 

16 . 5 Final action on an,licntion. 

16 . 51 Form. 

16 • 52 7

o t icc • 

16 , 6 TiDe of subrni~~iontof auulication. 

16 . 61 B.JforL- effectiv.._ d.at-3 of Co de . 

1£ . 62 Code a~~inistrati .• 

16 . 63 

16 . 64 

uring CCID1liA~Ce C0 7Jl~int , 

ring 1i tigaticn. 
17 . 

16 . 7 

Pow\...r 

17 . 1 

17 . 2 

1" . 3 

17 . 4 

17 . 5 

17 . 6 

17 . 7 

-1 13-

Time o.~. hondl in,; ap·0J.i cations. 

16 . 71 Aoplicn tions r e ce ived in field. 

16 . 711 Geog op~ ical c ·nsi de rations. 

l G. 712 De lays caused. i.Jy reference to Wash ing ton. 

1 6 . 713 Typical cases. 

16 . 7 2 o~J lications r e ce ived by or r e f e rred to wa.shi ngton. 

1 6 . 721 Routing of appl icati(ms. 

16 . 722 Necess it ~r of r e f e r ence to bo ::>rds. 

1 6 . 723 Causes of delay. 

1 6 . 724 Effects of delay on 

1 5 . 7241 Code structure. 

16 . 7242 Comuliance . 

16 . 7243 Enforccnrnt. 

of subse quent mo diifico.tion or t c rminotio n of exemption. 

N. R. A. initiation. 

Applic?tion by industry . 

Application by 1C1bo r . 

Applicoti on by Code Authori t i e s . 

Ap··;lication 'by other pAr ties. 

Base s of ap-)lication. 

Effe cts of modification or t e r mi na t ion . 

10 . Substantive n roblems . 

18 . 1 Should N. R. A. u0 rmi t Codo Aut hc ri ti es to grant exempt i on s 

C' nd excepti on;:;'. 

18 . 2 Should N.R. A. uo r mit f i e l d offices to g rant exem~t ons . 

13 .21 'I'ompornr;v . 

13 . 22 Eme r gency. 

1 3 . 23 Permanent. 

13 . 24 If r evi e ·; should "'ue ilad by Washing ton. 

l S . 3 What requ irements of due roc ss should. be co nside red by N. R. A. 

12 . 31 No tice . 

18 . 32 With or v1ithou t l1earin._-_; . 

18 . 4 Shou~d applications for exemptions and excepti ons be 

r e ferre d to : 

13 . 41 Code Aut hori ti c s. 

13 . 42 Ot he r gove rnmental Bgenci e s . 

1J . 43 Adrninistr ation mcr.1be rs. 

13 . 5 General J. ego l off-.; ct of ame n.d.-nents, stays And inte r p r etati ons 

upon exemp tions and excep tions. 

18 . 6 Should the exem-rJtion o r oxce·Jtio n r ulins be a precedent for 

all pC1rtie s similArlJr situate d . 

13 . 7 Q0ne rC11 l egal aspects of 

18 . 71 Re t r oactive exempt i ons. 

13 . 72 Tempor.qry exemp tions. 

. 73 Condi tionn l exempt ions. 

19 . Effect of c xe:nptions. 

19 .1 I ndustry 

9344 

19 . 2 La bor. 

19. 3 Genera l code structure . 

1 9. 4 I n i t i ation of amendments - stays. 

1 9 . 5 Oppr e ssion of small ente r-. .Jl~ is . 

19 . 6 Monopo l y . 

19 .7 Deve lopment of ~c licy . 
-114-

20 . Discussion of urocedurc and constructive sugg~stions r .lating ther eto . 

21 . Ev~luations . 

22 . Conclusions. 

23: Biblio r8ph • 

3o44 
-115-

3y 

S844 
-116 -

Und tn :->ut:i rity oi :xec tivu Orc'"'r 1"'1 . 7075 , Jun.., 15 , 

1933 , t; .... Ore;:.niz3.ti n StnCies S .... cti ..... 1 f t! 1.; Divi i..~.1 o:t' _rt...,v i 11 

iv's c~cs:cn~'.t0c' t.'"' subj~.-ct - .h. !Ti'~1d.: •nts - f:n stu~. !'Inc.:. c. t . 

Tl:.o ~ubj ct ~ :9li0 s t t! s .... p1"1.1.s 0::> ')f t: _ a.cti 1i ti'-'s cf :-::A 

!'S e.. go 0rlll.-l t~l !l..t.\.,;j1Ct;/ i!l its trortrn 11t of ~.n:vncu.cnt s tf'"\ c .. -~ · 

_11~ :pr"~bl-ns, q}l~.-sti .1s, ::.m.l e. tt~.,;n chnt mPtt-'rs ··cl: ti-e t b c 

subject 1. c 1 ,..l:; ted i:n t:li :· .... ort . T1..., c n ~.; 1t f t11.: r ·1crt 

is ri:~~rily c nc-rned 7iL L1C b~s s rf po . .r.r, di...lvt,;f'..ti nG f 

.,uc:n )O: .... r , the nec~.-ssiti~s f sue __ 1J v:c:.~ ~U(•. !' tn~ xtcnt ... f t1u 

del...,g!.ti :1 th~.-re ... f . T'1.c :.·,,;) rt :::->1::, c :1sicl~rs tl·'"' t~Ls Oi c·de 

:~r1visi :1s a:-'!'! .... ~1' '-'d , t: i .c'·1.stri'-'s f'..fJ.' ct -d b:r· rue·_ ".rn.::nc:m~...:!.ts , :->..: 0. 

t1...: uffl..;cts o:f suc:i1 am~.,;r..~ln ..:·1ts . 

,Aj f'..~~ ..... lysis ")f t ........ t·r-:; .... s · f c c.c "):,:·-visi ::s :->.:-:~·.3::(~.:: a:1<. <1-.7 ~ ~ 

code 2Jrovi i ... r s ins"rted in c_,ctJS by , :.:' '- f ?. .... ...;:1cl!:i0!1t is s.Jt forth. 

Ser.lL' tre'ltmont of _L bv1Lfits "'.n':. dctri.. :1ts :· ;>n ..... ld.rn .. m ts to th::; 

pa ticul · .r Lw.us tries C'"'nce n .... d is i:1cluu'-' cl in t} ,j rtJ:)u rt sue tree t -

mcnt b0il1u limit.::d t !'lffi..;nd::~unts _/ 1- ~01. "':>rvvisi LS . 

As a b::>..sis f0l' t .. :is rc:l'·,rt , t. o "ut!-.ur l'k"'S c i·oi1cc. n. list of 

Ull aml..inrl.n~ntr. f".T'·1rCV0C~ from Ju:C. l6 , 1'33 to:::>'' r\ 1935 , inclusive , 

(D.:?:?roxiLE.t.J1y Li c;ht lr·1dl'~.;d) . '.:'~.~ list n.lrJ suts f_rtL th .... nr>..t .rc 

of t'1..J e cndno:.1ts :,.s tl.....J t;:r)~~ '>:.' c'-.(1 J prcvisi ml ..... f:a ct .... d . 1 o 

ettol'!:lJt P.s b.:;L·1. m....._O.e to ax_plo.~.. tiL c~~sos f.J·· suc~1 "·F'~Ol!d nts ::>.nd 

th .... consic'.cr"' ti ns b'l.. .. ~ b;, :i.L ·1ri >::· t :.~~,rcva l. ~im }, ; r the 

puQoscs cf this Tv~)Q"·t , die!. nJt ·1 ~mit , "1 t ':Y' l: s _,...; "'.mo: .. ncnts 

1hich rcsultecl fror• l.J::>l')lic.:.tiJn~ of ·1clic~-' :.!?V0 b...:o·.1 n')tcd . 

?';,c so·..1rc0 of t:.is r.:;:1ort 2.:! · t c fi ·1c~. ia,;s set fJ_ t: tl c::ro in 

"'r.::; the fi1 .... r ''lld rcc-:rcls 0: t:'!.c ~-.0t · ::ll1".1 :.oc vcr:.· ~r~r..i'1istr?..tL 1 . 

:·o utsic' '-' source s of i n.:or;:!e. ti' ::1 h:.vc ·uo~ 1 i:1Vcs i~., to·. :,.:1( ~1o 

corrfar.:mcos or convcrsotio:1s : r>vJ b~cr. i1.-:.d. ·,,ri t"- "'.r::;r th r ._;e ornncnte.l 

a ''r..cics )l' an:' :"l'iv:.tc ii: ~ivicl .''t1so -:::~.0 ruC'~l'C'.s of COL~C r.u ...... ri ti...,s 

anc.:. t.adu f?.S[ J cia ti as .. 1,., .... ;Dt "u, ll -.::x::-mL cd, e.s t·:~ .... i:. t.::;L ti~·;, of 

this l'c-_nrt is t pr~.;scnt in ~1:~~..-lL .in:>.1·~· f rr:: ·r~ .• l ~--.A s~"L Ls s;r . .::; 

n.:1s:· .... r tu t:. qu.::;sti Ls : - (:) ·:;..,s t.1 .... '1'J'\"'e · t -.... i(,n"·- c os ·1rQ~"la:·ly 

C"nf.::;rr'-'d. u~"lo: ~~?.A? (;.,) ·:.-t ... <>.t dH: ~--:_fl.. c'-1 L1 t. ~~ ~;:c.rc:ce of t?;.is _1cn r? 

( 3) ·;;:u t s:1 uL'. e.n;y furtura ~')Ve_ :!T Jl t"'.l a.c;v:lc ·, e;.ii'u l~ri:~~ t.i .; ·)ri! ci-,1 s 

rf ·:?A, be ~.,;Tr:Jr.,:iC red t ' do ·.it: 1.'CSJect t.J f' .. a .. l1 .. :J1tJ: ts cf codes? 

9844 
- 117-

,., .. · -r,-~ -.., -r 

V · ,_~ L ~ .. _.. .L 

Or: June (~ , J.S)3 , h:e Pr rir~cn:c signee t·.1e :-ct j_o·"l<'.l Inc,_'..tst:2ia.l :::i.ecove:.7 .. \.ct . (':') ':"'i t l_c I t11c:t0o.L' .. :e1.C) t e(. t u L1(··lst'i~i c. l recover:/ cnc'. Er wng 

ot:1e1· tl.l~n ;s ·· ··ov:.c"c:· i'Clr t~te ic.:- u1.<.tion o."' _,.,:..·o·n..1.l ;rtion of coC.e s of f e.ir 

co _)e·citio!1. Section 3 ([') o.r '·.:1o Act st2.J~es : 

11U .on tho e.·?:Jlicrt.i.o:fl to t~1e ?resic'ent ·o:- 011e Ol" ·•ore 

t.rt'.C.e o:c t':.·."·~.,stri·~J ao socif't i onf'. O'-' .·::..·o1.T)S , the P:tesic.ellt w·· C'')9'i"OVP 2. C,) (i.e Or c o aeu Ol fair COnpeti ti0:1 fo r the 

tra('e o·· ~-1·-,·s·'· -;· ('I"' ,...,,.,·,,=- l·-, l.' c· l·l)·r, +1e eo L' ··::.- "\~·esr"' 'tec'' .1 - • l \... ~ u -· _ L. .. . \ "J J.~ J -· _ ' - e _.J •• - -- L 

b:;r the D.·,_ }.i cc-nt. o:.· 2._.. _:.l.icc:r ·. ts, i. · t:le ?;:- esic.e:flt L'inc'.s 

(1) t ac- t sue:. 2.s~to•..:i .:--"Ci0 1e o r . TOL,_~' S ir1)0Se lD ii1er:_ui ta~Jle 

:;,~est:..·ic {~ions oD c:-·· j_ ssion to ·1e. ·"Je::·s:1t J ~he: ·ein e..:nC. a:.:·e 

trnl:;- ::e .~res en ::c..t l ve o:i:' s·L:.cll t:..Tl.es o:.: :l. ·;c:.,_s t:..·i es or suiJ-

··c~.ivis ons t:le:-eo:::· , c.nC'. ( ?) t:12.~ S'tLCll c,or'.e ~ COC. eS <l'i'e 

not .e~ :·:r.eci.. t0 ~: ·:no J..,c 10no:n:.:i.e:. ·J:." to e, i · ·L1c-.tc Jr o::J-

~::.ress f.'.: lC~.ll cnto:--·J_,·i s er. ::'!l.t'. ··iJ.l 1ot o·:_J:3 ~'D.t.e J.:.o .i scri­

'.linc:-.te a~:ai:'1st t:1c · , c-.nt:.~ .. ,iJ.l ten~. . t~, e. :fec"t"-1..1.t"'.te t:1e 

:9'0J.ic:· or. V.1is titl.e : ? ·.'J''J.(er. , _:'~ u'11; ::;uch coc;_c o:..~ coc".er> 

si1c..ll no:. ·9e:.:-:.1l t lil 0j_lO~Jo:'..j_es or J;JO:lO ioJ.i r t i c ..:-·:.·~· ctices : 

. rj_'OVi{f't :u:;:t:w:. ' n:-... c-t . .. : .(;):.. c SlLC:l COC.\. o:: co(.-; s .o;[ ;~e ct 

t~1e r er.-iCCG 2.::1(' · c-l.~:-.:·e of: ~"'e:::'.JO !.S c·1,"_;et(:e:·. in 0 t:lGT 

steys o: Jc~1e ccol10 ic :9:·,·,cc:Js , ::o·:.hix· :_:n ·l;~ ti s section 

sJ.1all (.81'-'i ve sue;_ : P:.'SO:C1S o:: ·,lie :ti ·ht to oe ~leD..~-'0. - - prior to 2.y2)l'OV~ 1 '< ~·he r::.' esiC.e·flt o; SUC'~1 coC..e 0::' co6.es . 

The 'i· esil.e -:-:-. ~:--=·· , ;·;.; ro conc'it.Lon o:? ; .. i s c·_l_. :;:-o-:21 o f c:.n~ 

S,'" 1Cl1 - coc· ....... , .L. ~ P)QCr"> , ..... "'""']- ~,._~.,.; ,, ._. 

"OYi·i· h .. _ v l· L)"'~ __ ,., \.I. ... ·'-' r J-·'-· l('l· . --·_, .,ro : C"' --~- ~ 11~-'("> . .L .l. ~-· "'• e·1tS : 

the · 1a·- 1· ·1 · ·, -"' r r,.-Jo ···t,.. ,., .,1' ' C ~-n..::.···l ·n-- o· ·· J:'CC0·-1 nt,...) L'O'" C _ l v. '-..-_- t) C.4 ... V.:. • . \....V~ - .•.. --- '# · .:J .. .1. 

the .. ., .• oJ·ec·'·l· 0'1 o-F' r- ··1 ,, '1C""" ,.,. ... ~· tl• ·:·o" '"' ,.,~,-."' lo -·e ns " ··1..:1 - :::'J. l,_, lJ l .1.. '-'U-~1..~ -V , \...o .J.yU .._, J..,J , ........ ~ ·' l~ J c4 .. LI_ 

others, r.:.C. L1. :~ur·~;~e :ccl'l. ce of -~ e :_JLl.lli0 i nte:cc st , <'JJd: 

:-:12.~- :~,n·ovi.c.e su.::: 1 c: c'O):c t-:. s to C).nc' c::c:1::;; tio .. ls :fj_·o: : tl-1e 

:91·ovir·io:_ls c1f :-1., c~: co( e , c'J t'10 ?resic'ent :-.i"l ,_ is ( ir;c:::etion C.E'C: lS :H'CCS SL\:i.'~· t-o c{.>ct-uc;.tc ~1e ~'!O lle::ei:n 

c"'..ecl['.:.' ed. 11 

Sect ion 3 (&) of t~e AGt state~ : 

"U; on hi: o··n notion, o::.· i:~ co:-~··:; :.E' L1 t ir. .1c..ce to the PresiC::.ent 

t l1at 0:t1J.scs ini:!Jicc l to the :~ L'.b J.ic interest anc~. centre.·:' to 

tl'le ) OJ.ic;y he::ei:n c.ecla'-'CC'. ['.::.·e :9• CV<.

1.ent i n a!1~' trac"-e or inC't.D.Str:r Oj:' cu"J·-. ivir- ion t h e:::.·eo: , Em(. "i.:~· no co C.e o:f fDi r COP.l} et i tion che r efo::- ~:.r.s tlie .' etoforc bee ~l D-~-?: rove cl o:r the Pres iC.en t ' 

the P: ecoic~ent , o.ftc:..' such ·.m"bJ.ic :'1otice 2.:m~ '1ee.rin::; as he 

shall_ s:_)c cify, ::n·J :o e~) cri .J e ;-.. '!~· <'~~~n'o ve r. coc".e of fair con-

:9e tition f ol' Sl1..Ch Le1fe: o·. L1t'x.s t ::;" o:~· r-.u.Jc'.i visi on the· ·eof, 

~,:lich E:;mll h"VG !cl::.c s . ...._ 1c effect r.r- ['. cote o ·:' ::'a i:::.· con:_;J etition 2-?·):.."ov ec. b~ tl:e P:;.·esic.enJ.:. ~..~:<1-:- e:..· ..,u'Jsec t ion (: .. ) o: this 

section." 

----------------------------- --- --- --~~ -- -----------------~---

(*) Pu."blic ~~ esoh1..tion No . , Ii ~. . 

l S5 , 'ne:.' eL'1::'.fter c<'llcc. the "Act . 11 

~s~.l+ 

5755 , 73'- d. Co n:'·:::ess , ~g Stu ts. 
- 118 -

Se tion 4(a) of the Act stotou : 

1:T:1e President is authorized to enter into a€Tcements with , and to 

approve voluntary agreements between and arnon;; , p\3rsons cng:>6ed in 

a trade or industry , labor org'lnizations, nnd "Gro c or i ·Justrial 

orgcnizations, Associations , or grou~s , rel ting to any rade or 

industry , if in his judgtaent such at;reements 1ill aid in effectu~t

ing the 10licy of thi title with res·nect to transactions in or 

affecting inters t3. te or forei,;n conune:rce , and 1ill be consi sten.t 

with t e requirements of clause (2) of subsectio:1 (a) of section 3 

for a code of fair competition . " 

Se tion 7(b) of the Act states: 

11 The Pre. iden t shall , so fur as ·oracticable , affo ·d every opDortuni ty 

to employers 8i1d employees in any trr1de or ind"lAs try or subdi vi sian 

thereof with respect to which the co>1di tions referred to in clauses 

(1) and (2) of s.ubsection (a) prevail , to establirh by ~rrutual a6reem nt , the standards as to the maxiillilln hours of labor , minimum rates 

of pa •, end such other conditions of c:nployment as may be necessary 

irr such trade or industry or subdivision thereof to effectuate the 

policy of this title ; a.'1d the st~.ndards esta·olished in such a@.reemen ts, when a1:>proved by the President , shall have the same effect 

as a code of fair competition , auproved , by t . e President under subsection (a) of section 3. 11 

Section 7(c) of the Act states: 

11 Where no such mutual agreement has been a·oproved by tne President 

he may investigate the labor nractices, policies, wage<· , hours of 

labor, and conditions of employment in such trade or industry or 

subdi vi si o·1 thereof; and. D:'POn the b .. si s of sueh investigations, and 

after such hearings as the President finds advisable , he is authorized 

to prescribe a limited code of fair competition fixint; s1:~:i.1. maximum 

1ours of labor, minimum rates of pay 1 and other conditions of employment in the trade or industry or subdivision thereof investigated 

as h finds to be neeessary to effectuate the policy of this titl e , 

which shall have the same effect as a code of fair co: ~etition 

approved by the President under subsection (D) of section 3 . The 

President may differentiate according to exryerience and skill of the 

employees affected and according to the locality of employment ; but 

no atte~t shall be made to introduce any classification according 

to the nature of tho work involved which mi5ht tend to set a maximum 

as well as a minimum wage . n 

The above quoted sections all refer to various t~ypes of codes or greements 

which would serve as bases for amendments thereof , but it is to be noted 

that in none of the quoted sections of the Act is found an~ referenoa or 

specific mention of the term "amendment tr or the power to amend . 

9844 
-119-

:;j:-·c:nLl[)tion o: Sections 10 (a) 2.nc". 10 ~1 ), · -~ 1icl 1 ·o ··0vic.'.c [.'S 

:olJ.o··s: 

"Section 10 (o.)- r::::1e ? :·E:sic-"ent j_s n:t.1.. 10:·iz t to ~-· :tecri1)e 

such rul es l"nc'. l'e "\.Ll :- tions c:.s --,o:' :Je ceS 'J C.' .::~ r to carr;" out 

t~lle :91.-:.r-oo scs o ~ t;1is title, 2.:1<· :~ Pes fo::: J.icenses c:.nc". :for 

filinr· cotes o: ··o.i:;..· co.roetit'i. on l"n( D.: ''j:'ce· 1ents, anc'. any 

violl"tio:l o·" a_1:· S1..'c:1 :1..1..] e o:;..· j'C:' '. le.. ;io:r:. shl"ll be :;unisha')le -.:r; :line o·:' not t o e: ceec.'. ~)00 , o:;..· 5. 1·9:..· iso nment f or 

not to e~~ceeC: si:~ ·1 ont~1s , Oj ' both. 

"S ection 10 (o) - Th o ?::-esic~_erl t ·w.:r ·~:..· on ti :e to tine cancel 

o:;..· .1oc'i:·y an~' orC.c:.· , 2'T}rov<'l. , licens e , ::.·ule , or reculation 

isr;ueC. unc.e:;..· this title ; enc" e2ch a. ·~ ee ent , coc'.o of fair 

CO'.Y9 e tit io:1, o:.. lic o_11s o c:.~;~) rovcC .. , _; ·:c s c:..·.ib e( , o~:- issueD .. unt c r this titl e s:1all contc:.in l".n e::·.x.:ess J:.:ovision to that 

e~:· <>ect . 11 

lil.:e···ise s 10'7S no s} eci:.C'ic 1~ntio ·1 · suci1 t e:..-iJ : ·.?o·-cj:. ':'his lo..d: of 

le;islrtive <".ccl 2.j.'<:' t ion ·e~'lires o. co11struction ·~ the Ac t v:_pon ·-rhich 

to ~-:tecicc:-·. te t~1 c :po·• e:;· to 2-1en-:'. coC.es. 

A 'l.sun.l ·.wtiwc'. of s t.:.tu tor r constrt.1Ctio:'l is:-

11to mve recourse to the le isl tive histo:;..~y 

~ ~he_.Act 2.nl. Stnte·1ents ' ~ll ose in· chn.;·r;e 

of it u:.. inc:; its consi0.c ration 'J~ r the Cong:..~css . tt 

U. S. Y , Great ~~orthe:;..~n ~i..:iln§t ,r Co . , 28 7 U. S. ~1 I l :-.; )1 l ['"'" .L 4-'+ , :- · ':1' , -- ) ..-' 

See <.lso U. S, '~ ":is '.::.~i Pr.cific 2o il· :'.~; Co . , 278 u.s.. 2SS, 275 -----~ 

The leGislative l1isto::-:• of the NI:?.A :;.·cvc <:'.ls tl1o.t tlw ~:;o '-' o:;..·.,lli ·_J t hc:: eof 

intenclecl to .::_: i ve the ?rcsic.ent -oroc:-.c::. ·8o .. •ers. An c:~<' linLt on of the 

recor0. of the hea:rLn.:;s :Jefo::.·e the 1~ous c: c..nc- Senate 011 ths Act , of the 

re·G o:;..~ts of the Se ile.te Co r!i ttee on :::'ino.nce a nc. t lw Hous e Co .:ni ttee on - . 

'Ja--s anC:_ ;:er.ns 2n..:'. o:Z t:1e Co:'lfo:;.~e:'l c :e~~ ort l'.isclosos sone l1el~ful 

i:1 ::. o::-L1at io . ~he l::.:t:n{._uace 'LlSec.'. o:- Se; nD.to:..· Ja:~; ne:: ::~ Ke·-- Yo:cl:, '7hen 

a(.(_'.rcssint:; thG Senc..te on June 7, lS33, len(.s s o:-1e al(. to construction 

of the Act. ~he Senator sc:.i&:-

11 :3ut i f m1y J~rac:'.e or inc':Llst:..·y ctn:'lot o:;..· ··rill not coo:;>cr<'.te in 

t he fo ::i·.mJ.c:-.tion o::: C'. volu:'lto.T:r coc'.o , the Fre:sic'ent is autho:..~ zed , 

. after :p :.~o :p :..· investi.::_;ations <'-nc". ~~ c< :cL1-3 , to :9 :L~esc:;..~i1Je 2. coco incluc'.irl[' ::.11 the salutar:/ 2:.1c'. :;>::-o t ccti ve c2..tures of the volunt2 r 

co c'Le s . 0:;..· if c. ~- t::-a6.e o:;_· in-.·.-~,_ st ·~r -.rolun td.i."i ~r arrives at so . .1e of 

t ' . + "' - , ] t +.., .1. i --.. • "'I .L .!.l e re('_'l..n:..·e len vs o: a co c e a nc ne.·; .ec s o .. a e:;:s , J.!.1e .t'resl o..env ; :a:r 

in c-. ·:J:..·o··J e:c ;mn:c.er j:csc:..~ib c ~~ es c otlw:..·s an c-.. include all in 

a en~re l coC.e . tt (*) 

--- ---- - ---

1 9844 
it, · · .l :1e o' 

:. otec~· i -vi""\ 

t lC:.t tl c ,... ..... ::to:: .. 

o::' '"':.lC co'c ... . 

:·:-o :c o- - olU""!" <- :· coC ~ ·. r~f of' t .. c 

r~ t, esc ·e~pc ts h col~o clcarlJ 

s~ o.:C' o·- cot' d> fo:;:: 1cc' '.ncler 3 (~) o~ P ~lication of th~ i~Cl3tr? . 

Sctio. j ( !"'I) co:::.t:i:~ 

,r,··ev~ e::~o s 

. o:.· "io j ('.,) • 

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\.JJ ... e 

III -~ ~ CO'- C , ~-~e~ 1e~ts , o~ lice~ses :rove 

f'o'..l:".. t~- , -:.~.c _.;o· ·o::· is ::..~c s Oi'\~e- to -~: c :=-res i ·· e:" t 1: :'!. .e:.~ SC)ct ion S ( o) i;o c · :.e el 

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Co·1 !it teE' 0~1 ·J~: :; Lj'!.(. : .cnn'"' . ) ( r "'(' ) • ) 

'S ction r (...,, · :·o-ri "r--s ~_< •• c e ~o-~o::.~e 

~tL"te._· , ..:or ~.c c~·'lcel_l: '::.io·:. o:- . o· 5 ~icn

Jvio!l o"" ,..._...._ ./. 0::<'e:~ 8.. ,::.~o-·-J , J.:.c ·:sr , :.·..J.l o , 

a:~ :.·c·-~·.).£''~io:.1 ic·~ucc" ·.1:.f..G·' ~~i~ ti·':.r.•. ' (*"') 

( r i'-·-· ~ ) 

(c) Tl:c ?:·csic".e;.1+.i:-,_ ·.:;o• ·e:::-". con-~ _-:.·:.·cc" · ·e-,c l_o.r-'"'e1:r 

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t' Lwt t e ~)i:_l_ i·,..cl: , i:1 its J:·c,..e.:t "o·:1 , 

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'e of/c:..·e( <..'G ·... t.le r.·".:::.:1ist:·ato:.· , or 

·~ e~~~c:.: ai.:;·t.li ~ ··oul ·Jo s,:_--· ·ostc ~-o· 

['lOY!~· 'i:-h['.~ li:1e . 11 ('>. ?:. e·.~- , I"'ui . lll.) 

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the · o···er :' !3 .nrc:J+.:~ .i. ct c> c" . c,s ns i'bJ~ · "l'.:..·:i.:1· · ~~l er>c: c: ·~

c:c ;cr.c~' ,-, .--s , Jcc.:-n:'..r:e '~llL· s C:!l< ~'l£;(; :2'::o·1 ·~ _- t ') 

( Senat0r ·.rc;. .. ;nor. r:iC... 111) 

(

' .. ,. II - \ .... . 

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scr·1s to r'.isc•.osc < :;,·r-the: . . ·_) 'J int eC. Q.li.3 '· ion on tLe ~ T7c>:' o'!' 

t:1e ?l'esiC:..._nt to < 1m•c".. coC .. es < n,: L1r-ico.tc( t .. Lt it ··as the 

intention '~o E:'~'Jli t the Frepl(:ent to ar1e:1.c. oocles ,--here t he 

!)llblic ir-tel'"'cst ,7E'S bein-; .. inj., ·.J:' G( .. 0~- the con~ i:.11 _,nce oi .. tl1e 

?Prti culn:.· cot'.e . 

11 enato:;,~ La ~ollE:to : Sznato:· ·:r[;.,. ;ne:.. , cic. you 

cnc:_ ~·our o..sc-oc·i at.e.::; consi0.e::.· t]1e n.r_vj_sc ili t~r of - • <J 

coniel~:;,·in_; ·)o'·.·e:...· U:_)on the ? ... cs:,c.ei1). to ar.1c~1r:". ·J r 

rcvote_t~e""a coC~s of faiT co Jot ition in cnses 

-:rhe:...~c \t 17as c 1onstra~)le th['.t '~he ~?ub li c L1te:..·est 

·-as be~.nc in Y:.:;,~c( :J:r t.LcL· cont::.:Q.1.1.:1.nc c ? 

11 Scnc:tor ·.ie:;nel~: ':'hat is rl--i1t 

" . .. •" ; 

1or if~r C' ··" ce' l o~~ c· o .,,,~rt' · ., , .. U.- J ' ,CUJ..;. • ' · .... '-"'--'-· J: ... I 

(Rea1·inc;s before t}w Cc.1·:: ttoE' 

States e~atr; , 7Jr C. .. CoY'..,:-::.."ess J. 

E. . 5755;. ~0 1 21 . ) 

. _, 

in thq oct. ~e ~a7 

+.o tlw c' . II 

C·Y.. ::_•i ·!'<' ncr , uni tecl 

c~~~l·o·:1 ~ ' 71? a:1(1

• V C ·-> J. ' V e .L - • 

A:1 <:'nLtl ysis of the (1.00 .~ :, 1tivY\G( ·~ ..... -"'e··cr.C"'" r"isclor:es t~1n.t one of che - . J. ..• J • - • 1 •. ~..., 

c:mthors of tLi s Act , ~11J:e !:o-t ." i'_-i:n· "· ·c o::-- i tive onc,e::.· , ::e-p1 ied· i n 2 ' r . . -. 

vein· t o suc;: ·nst th<t 1·.nc::.cr Se c'; io:tl 10 (')), ti1e ·9::c>s::.Cent c.'.oes ho.ve o·-e l' 

to 2.T.)end. cof.e::; ' ·hen_ t~ ci-· c':1:.'0 ( _ et_:...i: wn.t:tJ.. t.J tl1e :)'l··_Q l .i C int C:i."est . her e 

<ll'O the~:- state:1c::.ts in ~~ 3 J.e ·_ sJ. "t~ve llL>to':~r ·:-llic~·t_slw·r tl1.2.t -the 

Presi C.ent lw.s :?o··: cr -'-.o co:..~:l7ec-t fm~lt · coc:.es ",nc'., lil;:("'ise , a st ateuon t 

rei' or:;· i n; to Section 10 ( b) l[' t ::-n·- 2.cti'o 1 coull~. :Jc t:--2 ·en • . , . . I t. :.!a:' oe al~:_, .. ne,·. ~.~ re.J': 

Se c tion 3 ( c..) : -

11 T:1e Presic'cnt :1£' ~' , as o. conr".i t:o~1 o.: lli~~ a ·:· :;,·ova.l o'!: c:..ny 

r:ucl1 coc..-e i ·1·-:""sc s,~ ,1 co·-·,·'!J .. io·:·s /1· -,cl,,:·l·.t'): .. · r··..,u·l· ··e-1"·n.J.s -' ' - ::: ...,/ V I !,...-\,_,- __ \,.. _ j_ - -• \ - - · ,... • -- ...) ._,1., • • J ...._,_ \J 

f or t:1e :.1;:l:i:·v; of ::::'c.._)o ::.·ts an(·. t:1e ~.:ee__.. in ; ~ o.ccm.mt s) :~o r 

the :9:to tcction o::. ~on~lii e:ts , co .~J etitors , 1~:1 ees , o.nt 

ot?le r s , n11.c. in :ur~lle :c: nce ~- · t~~c . -·~u-J.lic interes t , c?.nc" Ya ::'.y 

:;>rov i C:.e such. e~:ce·: ~ions to 8..i'1( e:,:e· -:;:~.ions L·o ·; the. _yrovi.--

s i 'ms o:f s1..:c~1 co(e , ::-s t:1e ?resir~ ent i~1 h i s c.isc::..·etion C.ee:1s 

necessrtl'_- to cf U~cb..:. atc· t:1e ol · c~ :1e· eL:. c~_ccL- l·e6 .• 11 .. . . 

i s suffi c i e::t t o 

11 .,.1C:.j' " befo r e ~· e 

s:wulc. attach :.o 

"ivc [' ,o···or. o: r~:enc' :ent. ~he re•Jet.ition o::- tl1o ·ro:..·(l_ 

.. :.~ _ tt :.~ o":i'C' -3 " .,:;~ o' ·s. an i;:tentioY'. thD.t no ti: :e conC.ition 

0 ., l ~ · · 1· J. -'-'le ·---- o- ·r:· · .L .. "'le·"'C coC:.os I ; 1 e· rise t he·~o 1· s J.. _,_ J.. . .1 I.J J. • I • .1.. . U ( o.. ... - • .1 • 1 .... ..1 •• ' - J. 

no sta~e:~e11t l:- t '' tl1e i'·:--os·mc .:.~ ro~.~is on·: :;1~s t oe r2"tificC. 1:J . the inC.ustr ;:/, 

aJ.+.hm.1cn t ilC' o:;,~i ;in2J. ii')~!licatio;l :o:.· <· cot'o !·c'..s'~ bo volunt2:: il~r sub-

:-Ji tt ec,.. I t ···o:.,_l r'_ sc~:.1 tlu::.-:. t :i.e 1J.SE' o7 'che ···ore' 11 5· Doso 11 inf.icates th:--t 

t he ·oo--e:..· to .'e~lc" , e.s co·:.:f'c·:-n:0. "J ·: Sectior- j (a ),- ,'__, .s ··!ot tieC. to the 

vol<unta:..·:J- :e2.tu::.·es oi t:1e :irs-:-, ~P.rJ~ o:: thn.t Sect .0:1. 

o~h4 .JU ' 
98tt4 

ec ion 10( is he c~f s 

the power of amendment ( * ) . 

- 122-

rt of le Act uno n which to b~se 

It mar be r easoned t a the~ .=e ~ cont~ine in Section lO(a) 

i th r espect t the p rescri r, ion f :n..l c... s r nd r c ·'Ulnt ions may be 

invoked for use as a. Ol"Ter of ·mendment . rhe r eliance u on this 

section should be ur edicated m •o n the cont cnti on tha code pr ovisions ere rules and re ~~lat ons (**) . If this argument is pr~pe r, 

then str en$th ·ould be given to the ~p1 lic~bilit ' of Section lO(b) 

in that thi s sect ion expressly refers to the terms 11 rule and regul ation" . 

The volun ary n,.ture of codes submitted under Section 3 (a) 

causei discussion by some RA officials as to the po~e r to amend 

codes ~ithou t adhe rence to this theory and nolicy of industr ial or 

trade volition. Some believed that no powe r existed he r eby such 

code s could be modified ••ithout the assent of the indust r y affected. (***) 

Section l O(b) in uart requires -

11 Each a _-:r reement, code of fair competit i on •• 

shall c ontain an expressed pr ovision to tha.t 

effect" . 

In the r ''O rds, a mandat ry expression of the pcmer set fo r th in 

Sec tion l O(b) ras r equir ed in each code of fair competition . All 

codes nt ined such a pr ovision, a typical one being : 

~1 . This Code an~ all the pr ovisions there')f are exp ressly made subject to the ri5ht of the President , in 

accordance ~i th the provisi ,ns of sub sect ion (b) of 

Section 10 of the ational Industrial Rec OY ery Act , 

from time ro: time to cancel or modify any orde r , 

(* ) One legal periodic, l takes it for granted that the President 

ma"~r modify or amend code provisi)ns at ill , irrespective of 

v1hethe r or not the members of industry assent . "Except in 

the Iron and Steel Industry , the codes do not purport to be 

agreements etween their membe r s and in no case bet~een membe rs and government ••• the fact that the President can 

amend codes both before and after approval (citing Section 

l O('L)) reenf')r ces this conclusion. u 47 Harvard LaVT Revievu , 

100 , ovember 1933. ) 

(** See RA Legal Research emorandum o. 68 , June 29 , 1934 -

Po~e r of President to Amend AA;_ Codes ithout Assent of the 

Industry Affected. 

See RA Legal Research l'emorandum No . 8 , sup r a - Al so RA 

Legal Re . earch , emorandum o. X-297 . 
-123~ 

c _l_Jrovr .. l 1 license I rule or re[,ule.tion issueci unc~_ er 

T l tle I of SD.l<l Act 8nd s _)e cii icr.ll;r, but \:i thout 

l ir. itation, to L10 ::C l(;1lt of .~ e Presicie:,.1t to cancel 

or 10cl. if~r his approvc:.l of tlns Cocie or an~r conditions 

inp os cd by hil'1 u:_pon his _J roval t hereof. " (*) 

The voluntary inch:sion of such u Jrovision b~r the sponsors of a cocie 

under Section ::>(a) uouhl. infer c::u1 assent to Sl'.bsequent e;;:ercises of the 

ge:i:'leral pouers set fortl1 in Section lO(o) . 

Section 0( a) :1erui ts the Presiclen t to 

"i~:roose such conc~i tions . . • for the :protection 

of consur:1ers, com Jeti tors, em2?loyees and others 

. . . II 

This foru of exercise of the ~')0\7e r of amend.r.len t uas the iruposi t ion of 

a condition uyon the orcter of ap_)roval of a code I either previously granteel or to be issuec.._ in the future . The theory of this exercise of p0\7er 

seems to "be in the nature of a ncm1 tinuing concli tion", rrhich attached to 

the order of ,a-_p:proval and cou ld be exercised by the President at any 

time (**) . An ex:ai:t}.Jle of this forn of amendr1e~1t is found, in Execut i ve 

Order 6711-A (tray 15, 1934) uhich states in the last paragr aph thereof 

lfThis order . • • shall op erate 2.-s a conc,i tion upo n any 

:previous orders c:~~Y<?rovint; any code of fair compcti tion 

under Title I of the :rational I ndus trial Recovery Act" · 

I t is ll1te:cesting to note that this E:~ecutive Order also sets up rul es 

and regulations and a re quireuent th2.t no :9rovision of the code shal l be 

const:cued or applied as to violate the rules and. regulations p r escribed 

by the order. 

The various theories of co>1st::cuL1g the existence in the Act of the 

pone::..~ of amenccJe ~J. t have b oen set forth above a.1d it is the author 1 s concl usion that the poners contained in Se ction lO(b) are s1:tfficient to incl ucLe the pouer of amend1.1ent of codes. 

LL 1ITATIOHS UPm POUER 

The :pmrer conferred by the Act '::as subject to ferr limitations. The 

purposes of this legislation necesse.rily rec1uireC:. an ambit of nide admi nistrative discretion. This discretion u ith respect to the pouer of 

amend.J-nent uas e:\.--:presscd in vari ous Jays i n the Act, but all refe::cred to 

the so..Ji1e lii~i tation. Section l O( a) in :9art says -

( *) Article VI II , Code of :F'c..ir Conpet i tion for t:1e Pleating , Stitching al1G.. Eon:.. az 2.nc1 Hc..nd Embroidery Industr~r. 

(** ) See liRA Legal Resea:cch i.ieiaorano.um rio . 681 suura. 

S844 
-1:::!4--. ·-

11 n0cor:.sury to co:r ... y out the pur::_Joncs of tlus title 

'I 

Section 3(£) ~n p; rt stttesII ~or tJ.l.e p otecti0::1 o:i:' C01i• 1ct tors, c.:o1s1~.:.1ers, en-

)lo~·el f.'"'..d ot.crs t:.nC:. i1 f..u-t. oro.nc.; o:t. t' e _illblic ir.-

te:~est ••• as the P1·csi< e! t in :.is t. iscre+i')n U.ce1ns 

necess[..r~r to t=>fi'ect~.:.ate tr.e )Ollc·.r he:..·eL dccL ret:. . " 

These limitatio. s shorr t: rt tLe ~o'~cr of t11e Presiclent to amenu coees, 

\/it t 10 e::cc:ptJ.ons, \l['.s subject cnl r to the r oquirenent t:1nt tl:e action 

effec UG'..te the policies of ele :~ct I \7: ic~l rtere s t~ted in Sect ion 1 of the 

Act . 

It 1.1ould seem tho.t a limi tFttion of a man&ator~r nat-:rre upon this modifying ~oTie r of the Presid0nt results frOi1 th8 p rovisions of Section 7(a) 

of tl".e Act, r11ich, "':.long othe r thi·:cs, provlci.es -

Evel~~, cod.e of fair competition , E:.£ree1:1en t, D.J.1C. 1 icense 

ap?roved , , rescribed, or is~ued un&er this Title shall 

con te.in the follmling conditions . • • 11 

This langtla.Ge r:ould a-ppear to dCl1Y t;1c ri[;h t. of t ~.e President to substantially moclify any code provisions rcquirecl to be L~.corporated oy Sectio·1 

7 (a) . A. si..1ilar denial ap.:_Jears to r.ave ecn impos d by Section lO(b) insofar as eJllendments of code provisions incorporate the su stance of 

Section lO(b) . 

9844 
-125-

C:iAPT~R II 

D.::.:FL ITIOH kJD SCOP ..... OF TirE T~:lli.i Ai.iEl'D. :Ei.~T 

An amencuent, in t :1e rd.inal~~r a:p_ .l:i.c0.tion of t~ 1e tern is 

'' n ['~ltc'ration or chance for thG better; correction of 

a :.Lai:Ll t or of faults; :1:efonmtion of life by quitting 

vices. 

11In public bocbes; Any alteration r.1acle or pro:posec1 to 

be inad..e in a bill or motion by ado.ing , changing, substituting or omitting. 

11LaH: Correct.ion of c.n e:i.~ror in a ~<Tit or l):i.~oces s. 11 (*) 

The legal defini t.i..o"1 of the term 11amcndnen t 11 is as .fqllows :-

".Araendnent in Legislation - An alteration or change 

of something prop osed in a bill or establ.ished as 

lau. Thus the Senate of the United States may amend 

money-bills :passed by the House of Re:presentat~ves , 

but cannot O:i.,ig ina.te such bills. The Cons·ti tution 

of the United .States contains a p rovision for its 

amenrunent . (U. s. Const itution, Article 5) 

"In :practice - The correction, by allo':7ance of the 

court of rn e rror committed ·in the :9rog:i.~e ss of a cause .. -. 

".A1:1endme:nts at -commoh larr, independently of an;y- statutory 

provision on the subject , n.re in e.ll cases in t he discretion of the court, for the furtherance of justice . 

UnQer statutes in modern p ractice, they are very liberally 

allo'i7ed in all f ormal a:t1Cl most substantial matters, either 

uithout cost to the :pc:trty aiu.endi:ng , or upon such terms as 

tl1e co1,;.rt thinks j_Jroper to orcler. (See Jeofaille) 

"An arnend.ment, where t1er e is some thing to 

be made in ~ cri~inal .as in a civil case. 

217 ; CoJJ. v. Parl~er, 2 Picl: . (11ass.) 550 . 11 

I 

amend by , may 

1 2 Ad . ~ E . 

(**) 

1.0 me:.1tion of the term ''runend'racn:t" or llamend:ll is found 'in the Act, but 

Seetion lO(b) uses the tern "moc"._ify".- The ordinary r:1eaning of this term 

is to alter or q_u2.lify . The ·:orcl is s:rnonyrnous r:ith .the term 11arne·no.'' 

(***). 

( *) - '.7ebs ter t s :jeu I nternational ])icti on2.17 of the Encl :i.. sh 1anguar , 

Quarto Edition of the I~e rria 1 Se ri es , 1934; p .• 69 . 

(**) Bouvier ' s Lar,r Dictiona:i.~y, Ra\ ·le's Th ird Revision, Vol. 1, p . 187 

. . 

( ***) Roget t s Thesaurus of English Uords a."ld Phrases - i.iD.I7son , Internation8.l . Ecli tion. 

9844 
Th A0.t. L1iGt1:1.tio.1 ·ucY4 i~e ~ i t!· . o·.-ci' to ~.::.1c cl coc:.e urovisions , 

b t be cause o::.· · ts in · .c ... .:.;. tL ~.:'.. l L. !" '' .!. ! J t.:u· c::.1 o ·cr t c COL· i .,.icc ion 

O i indu~ tr:· 1 nO tte :.j t ',;;;_<• ' ( · ~ o'; L UJ. i.ll..1 t~ C t l'l1 lf tJ.,CnC ..."!lent II ( ¥ ) • 

The uc:- e of Lll.! teru "r oC..L'ici t i on" .:. ~1( S its ri. . f or :-:-... l.A ·,se in 

Se ction l O( b ), sllcl· tse i' "fCl.T l n · to t~ c ')0\'•..;r 0.1. ;.ltcnuent (* * ). The 

t e r n ":lodif icu ti onu anC:. ll aiJpn(.:; L -:.t II . o:·e u s ee'. i n t erc ... 1cngeably by .. ~ 

u n t il :~ 5 , 1' ' 3-:1: , " t . .-· icl t i ue Ge: .~. .1 J o· il f.O.l, c" · ini ,. c. to.~. for I ndu strial Recove r y , b~ _ dninist r c tive Orcl.E:r ::- .. 7 , 'Jl.' c scriocd -

"· . r u ll.s c:.aO.. r eculc tions co :1c erninc cnenU. 1e:1ts to , 

nod i f icc...t i ons of, . . u-p·1roved code s •. 11 

The order defin ed tl e er !J ":Joo.il'ica tion" c.s follous :-

liThe term t mod ificetion t shc:J.l incl u.de t aruenG.nent s t 

o..Ylcl a ll rul inc s •hereby a code is EJ.oe:1cl.ecl b~r ad(.ing 

u .~. ovi sion tl ere to or ch'-ll'l.ging or omi tt L1e any 

vision thereofu . 

T e eff e ct of t his Admini str t>.ti ve Cl.cf i !li t i on c- cecl both the term "modificat ion" a::.d "a en<inent" on t he sa!:1C bo.si s and i ncorporated t he unof -

f i cia l acce·oteu .:lea n ing , E!.t t hc.t ti,:w , of both t e r as ; viz ., cha ngi J!t: of 

addition to , Oi' o:1ission of cod e ·_)revisions (* ** ) . This admi n istrative 

definiti on continu ed , bu t a ft er t h e :?cr i ou of codifica i.Jn of i nO.ustry 

dre11 to a close ru1cl. the r eql!.ir ei1ents of coC::.e aiimi ist £"~t n be came nore 

appar ent , the :o;> op1.1lc.r use of t h e t or m llrJocUficationu gr a dual ly gav e 11cy 

to t he u s e of the t e rm 1trunend.n e :1t" D10. , Qj1 CJ r about Se:pteLlber 1, l 'J34 , 

(the cl.ate of tt. e issu cmce of the Off ice Lianual ) adni nistrative recognition of t his ch anc e 1.n t he r efer ence to the ) O'.·er of ru c~1e nt \las nat1e . 

Pa r t I I, Pa r a,:;raph 5000 of such Office .id 1U£".1 dofin es the t erm "alilendment " -as foll orrs :-

" ' AuendL1cnt 1, as ar.r•llieu to .~. BA cod es , 1.1eans any 

adr..:..i tion, del etion , or othe::t chc:m:;c: i::1 an..r langua.t;e 

the r eof" . 

Parat:;raph 5010 of such Pa:;:t of t e ~ · ice ·.1anual sta tes:-

"To :.~ e ve uniforn i t~r of UG 2.£; e , t he t erms ' r.1odif icc.".t i on 1, ' sup1l emcnt l , ' rev i s ion ', · ' ' d.J ition ' 

~nd 1adj ustment 1 '.•ill .1ot he u s ocl to <ie scr ibe 

1 an end: 1e::1 t s t 11 . 

(• ) I t is to be ; o t ec. t hC?.t t 1e t er m li ;~J cncl.ed" i s u s ed in t. e orcler 

of ap ro ra l of t 1 e codo f or l c Sh i Dbu il--.L1. c..nd Shi"J e·)ai: .£: - w J,;. ~ "-' 

9844 

Ind.ust r~ , CoC..e : o . 2, July .::!u , 1933 ; PC?.r c:,e r cph 1 2 of the on"t.el.~ of 

~_::n roval of t ... c Cotton I' cxtile In d~: stry Code .l o . l, J u l 9 , 1933 

states 11 ~1i s '?:;> roval i s l Lnt eC. to t ' e four mo nths p eriod :ith 

-the r l :)l t o a s:: fo r .cocilfi cption a t an~r tiJa e .• · " · 

Sec also -:EA Of ... -ice o~ der :ro . 75 - . ·arc l 26 I 1934. 
1: 

I! 

li 

li 

II 

l: 

-127-

Tl is e .. 1110unce 1€'·1t effectecl a unh'or: it-· o:f e:\:- Tessio 'l ·.·ith res.)ect to t!1e v - ·-

tern ''<.lme.lcir.:e·lt '' t nci. su~o ersec~e d - ll a ll l)r ovious OL:'ice OrC.ers c.ad ;~erJo

r e..nda , inclu ing Ad:.1inistrati - e Onl.ers -~lo ~: :ecut ive Ol'Cl.e rs of ge 1eral 

application to .. -;I~' '· '~') 

E..--car.1ina tion of the definition set forti.l in Ao.nilustrative Order 

.i--27 a:.1.o_ the Of- lCe Lanuul sho\7S 2. sinil o.l'i ty in the scope of the term 

''"'mend: ent 11 in thrt it refers to ad.cii tioas, delet i ons c:..nc1 cha11ges of a 

code 11 -orovisiontt ( c..'..s s tuted i n ..... clr.1ini strut i ve Order X-27) or code 11langU8.bell ( as state(!, in the Of f ice ~anual.) 

~~ o ot er official adni:1istrc:.tive C:.efini tions of the term .have been 

found end fo:..· pur~9 oses of this re:9o rt t ho defini tian of the term "aiilend-

:lent II as set forth in t.he Of:.C'ice i.ianuo..l, toc;e t l1 er 11 i th the ex-planation 

n i th res:yect to t~1e terms llmod.ifice.t i on II, 11 su:ppleuent", "revision" , 

"ad.di tionll anc-,_ ll o.o.justment " 1rill ap_)l y . 

(*) This Off ice i,iu..-"lual ':7as orc.ereci 03r the ch r e ction of the AC'..r,linistra.tor c::d t h e orcler of issua~1ce thereof llO..S s i gned by G. A. 

Lyncl, t.he AdJinistr ative Of ~'i cer . 

S8 ~4 

I 

I 

I 
-l2bl:LEC-ATioi: o~ o·:n o AP:·.ro'·L 01 rns -n?_.ovz I18~.-:::: :~ S 

I'he teri'JS of i e Act aLt. orized t e P:teside.l o establish such 

agencies , to acceot t ... e services of anct o "L'.ti~ ize ~€·ciercl of 'icers and 

employees , to ~:n.·csci..~ibe their L utnor ties, to del:...gate an:r of l is funcions e:1d poners u -~G..er tile 1 i tle of Le Act a~v:. to f .1X the col1lpensation 

of such office·~s , C'.gent s C..O.:.l<i er1plo;;·ees . I t also aut· ori zed t' e ap)Ointment of officers MC. er:l.:_Jloyees (*) . In E'.c---ordance with t:-1is authoritJ'• 

t: e Presia.e: , on June lG , 19:33 , Lp·oointed Hugh S . Johnson as Administrator for L c'ustrial Recover~r l:'.:nt-;.er Title I of the Act and fur her 

ap:poin ed a Spccinl Industrial Recov~ry Board, the membership of 7hich 

11a tl e Secre (}.ry of Co:·.mor ce, as ChR.irman, the At ornej- General, the 

Secretar~r of t' e I nterior , the Secretar .. ' of A[';ricul ture , tl e Secretary 

of Labor , the Director of t e Budt;et , the Aclministrato:t for Industrial 

Recovery 'and the Chairman of the FeG.Lral Tl·ade Co:.unission. The order 

of ap=-'ointi!lent autl orizecl General Jol nson to appo1nt the necessary l_Jersonnel fo r the perioc":. of thirty ( 30) de.ys and.. o conduct tl e 11ork authorized under Title I 0.1 the Act ( **) . One !:lOn ti.1 later, the President 

contL ueG. the ap~Jointr.1e:1t of I"u6l1 s. Johnson as Adninist.rator for Industrial _ ecover,,r anG. a--'-"-thori zcd .tlL:l, subject to the genei.·al ap~Jroval 

of t.1e Special I '1dustr ial Recover:· 3oGC:. , to e:>:e1·cise the functions 

inves tecl in the Presid.ent uncle:.: -, l tle I of t:1e Ac , e .... :ce:pt the approval 

01 codes, 1a:dng of e.gr C'enentR , i ss11.D.nce a;.· 1 icenses or exercise of h~ 

paPer conferr ed b~ Sections 3(e) , 6(c) . B(b) , 9 ~n. 1~ . P-e limit~ttons of 

his or der reserv,~c~ the pm;er of emend..Jf'"1t to t~ e President . Subsequent 

delegations of pO\:er of a!:lend.!. ent -:1ere r.:.;.t.e r el ating to various phases 

of ·iliA codes end for ~Jm-poses of ord.erl,y" treatwent they ~-,i ll be sep arately set forth (***) . 

Pit:SIDE!lT Is 

The difficulties of ia :~O.io.te codification of' i·.1G.ustry resulted 

in t· e L'li tiation of t: e ?re:.,ident t s ReeL1~1lo~rr.1e t ..-;,gree~:1ent , :hich 11as 

2.. generr.l offer ·to employers to coo:pGrate \7ith the PresiC..ent in t~1e Jur-

?Oses of the Act (**f*) . 

(*) Sections 2(a) Dnd 2(b) . 

( *) See ~:ecutiv Order 6173 June 16, F'33 , HRA files. 

I should be .:o e<l t'"c: l1e po··ers enc. 

·?Lcial Inch ... s i..'ic-.. 1 Reco· er J Board lie_ e 

:;::Jerger.cy Co 1cil See =::ecutive Order 

the ltle:.Ibership of t e 

ra:1sferrecl to the : ation.31 

:.:o . 6513, 1RA files. 

( "'*** ) See a ion['.l rt.ecover- .A.d..lini s rc? ion Bulle i:-1s ~-o . 1 , 3 and 4 -

1933 . 

9344 
Tl1e PRA 1c :es no nei1tion of amenct ents o:c ,1oc:ifice.tions thereof but Para..-

E;r"'l)h 11 )err.1it.s e,.p :> lic ntions :;. or stays :p "" .. 1c.ing investigation of indivicLue,.l 

cases I esul tine in h0.rdship . The a0.r.1inistr2tion of the PRA and the applications recciv c.1 1.1.nder Paro.c;r t1;:_1h 14 showec\. n~ d. 1or certain amendments of 

particular _yrov isions of the PRA ';· i th l'GSj)ect to certain employers or 

groups subject the:teto. Accordincl y , on lJo venber 22 , 1933 , the Pre sident 

authorized the AdDini strator f or Indr .. strial 3.ocove ~r -

II to r.w.:.:e ;1ocHf icc.tions of . . s c- ic: <~ ree1.1e nt s , or any 

sinilar agreenents el~ oc;.fter enterec1 into or _p roved 

b3r ne by Executive Order, as he mc:7 , after investie;;a.-

tion, find necessar:,r in particulc:tr insta.'1.ces in order 

t9 avoid uncue hardship 'r. (*) 

This grant of utho1~i t;:r to 8.1--nond agreenents relr.tec. op:ly to the PRA m1d 

the b::ecutive Order e;.c_9 :ressly e:::cce·o t ed. the pouer of e..mendHent of cocles of 

fuil~ cor.1peti tion. 

One pl1ase of P?..A .hich in sor.1e Tio.~rs co:nsti tuted auenw:mnts thereof, 

should be mentioned. at this p oint. Parc.1{;re._ph 13 p rovio.es: -

"This agreer:1ent sha ll ceas e upon approval b~· the Pres ident of a cocle to 1-rhich t:1 e L.'.nC:..ersi E_;ned is SL.'_bject; or, 

if the lJRA. so elects, upon su1uission of <.c code to 

\7hich the un&ersignecJ. is subject , and substitution of any 

of its p rovisions f or a ny of t he tm·ms of this ag1~ee r.1e nt. u 

This section caus ed a ~1u.:.1ber of substituted nage c.nci ~1 our ~:) rovisions of the 

PRA, r:hich Here i s sued ~r ~r;>e :c is ion of the :-:R.A, t h e effect of \7llich was to 

substitute certain -.)ro-risions of uro·oosed codes of a number of trades and. ~ £ ~ 

industries for ce:;..~t in provisions of the PH.A. The c:tctual result of these 

substitutio:.1s rras C";;,I,ienclue,lts of the P:rtA L: sofar as it affected and applied 

to various ;.1embers of inJ.ustries cmcl. tracJ.es uho hacl. submitted :proposecl codes 

and a.lso obtainecl substituted p rovisions. The Ad;J. inistl~ative detail rele.tive to the is f- uance of t he se substituted p rovisions '.7as delegated to 

the PRA Policy Boal~(l , a l tr .. ough ::.J rior to tha t tii'!e petitions for subst i tutions had been handled ~r t he -J articu lar o_ep~ilj c:.Ci.i 1ini strator ( *"'). :To 

specific c.elegation of this l) 0'.7er nas naC:.e o;y- the President , e1l though the 

tercis of Paro..gr c:rph 13 of tho PRA. incl.icate the d el egation of :9011e2.~ to t he 

lffi.A. to cleterraine whether or not 2. substitution should be L1ac1e . These substituted provisions rrere issued. on Octobe r 14, 1S33 by the Adr:1inistrator 

rii th the approval of the chairman of the Spe ci al Indu strial Recover~r :Soard. 

(***) Tl1es e acts of anendment of the FHA, even if not specifically authori zecl b~r the Pr esiclent, nere subseq·J_e ntl~· ratified by him ( ****). 

"(*') - -------------------------------------- Executive Oro.er l.Jo . 6443, :Jov enber 22 , lS33 t :~HA :Liles. -

(**) See Office .Order ::o. 18, August '7 , l C33 , ~hl.A files . 

(***) See :-;c;"tional Recovm~ -., Admiai stratiOi1 ::Oullet L1 1-:-o . 6 . " . . 

(****) See Executive Orc1er Eo. 6515, Dece:.1ber lS, 1<::,33 , UrlA files. 

S844 
- 130-

mn.e Aru .• · :"t~· .. tor .. :et<...incc1. t11c ,. o E r o Dll e::.c. '.e PR. a: 6.. the inestit..~D tio:1 • n.s o.isclos vd 10 ot er ....,_ ec_fl.l,; aC.1i: istrativt clelc&e t. ons 

of s· c. ·)o·.:er or · ./ ot_ er e:1lc.rgeJ.ll3r_ts t .~:;!'eon "uy Pr~ idontial orC:.e1~ . 

As stated. aoove 1 .e Pr =-:.; ide: t ret2L ec. t~ c :po· 'e:i.~ of ancncl; ent of 

codes c.t t1.e: tL .. -" of ~1is ori:;in".l clcleb[ tic~s o.I po· er to the _ ~J. L1istrator 

· o . e-· er 1 ~Je c :.fi c c.el eGa t i o:1 of the :- O' 'Cr of c.;af'nd·. vn t \7as 1t:..ci.~ to t~ e Acl-

.. 1inis trc:..to::: _or :ncl.:1st ·ial Recove1 .,r o Decs;·Jber ~0 1 1933 ( *) , This authority . u.s "'nlc:rgc· ci. u • ..,o~1 by t~1e ter1s of :.::-ec·,_tive Order :~o . 65S0-A 1 

Febru.: r~- 8 , 1S34 1 in ·.ii.1· ci. ti.1e P:ces:.cJ.e:1t c..ut~ oriz0C::. the Ad .1inistr2.tb r fo r 

Industrial Recovery to llr escri e r·1les t:' lL~ i~ec1J.2tions .:,o e:t.·n::.nc anen(l"'"1e:· ... t 

to or .toC:ificC'tions of corl. c s of fc:·ir corl1~)etitio . 

A syec if:.c C::..elcGatio!i o: ~o·.1e1· r .= J.atii.1;; to coc.es is fo-:·. ~c. in .L)~ecut ·ve 

Ord.er ::o . 675u- A1 J1~e 28 1 l'J34 , L1 ,_-:'liCi t11e P:t·esiC:.e:1t offt.;reC. o e:-1.te1· 

into an e1.:;re 1e:1t ·:.1.t.l1 1.1eubers 1f ccrtt:.in serrice tra.G.os to be s~)ecified 

by ~~e A~1in~strator upon certain conC:.itio~s . Ine o~ci.e~ ~uthorized. ie 

Acl. i. istratoJ. to sup~Jle:-tent the provis i ons of t _e Ej:ecu.tive c::..~ct.er by such 

rules and regulations C:J1d araend.r1ents 1 as t 1c A6.r:;ini s trator in his o·9inion 

deter::!lined. ':iOuld effectu.'lte the i:)lli.'~)O es of t.l e OrCer anc. t ·.e _c t . .. -

JOEJT .AAA A.i,'D '3...1\ CODES 

T~ e "OU.I'"")Oses of the 1-IRA .1e:re inC..ustrie.l :cecover:" c."..11cl. reeoylo:':J l t 

of labor en..:;agcd thci·ein. The .A;:;ricultlli~a l Adjustr:1ent A{1lir..istr atiQn nas 

co .. 1cei·neci '!it t' e r ehabilitation of c£ricultu.re and. L'1de~' t e teLJS of t_ e 

.Agricultural .Adjus ne:1t Act ( **) 1 the ecretar~r of .Acricul ture Jf\..S <'.ypointed Ds .AdninictrLtor of tl·a.t _c t . 

SOJ .. e i :1u.ustries an.:l t~ B.c.e.s c::..re clo~e:l7 all ie( -·i th agricul t re a1d on 

Ju:le 26 ' S:::>~) I 1e P:.:ez . c.e t dele,:-·ated. to t~ e Secretar-J of :-r icul ture all 

of tl1e function" Z.:!.d 1')0- crs, ·~ri tn ce::ctain lir.itat · ons 1 conferred. b- 1itle I 

of t: e .Act ,-·i tn res~)ect o :l.adr .. stries ::..:10.. trades en'-'e..geo. )crticularl in 

t_ e ha.-ldlinr; of ·.1iL<: and its ·oroc1ucts ancl <-ll fo ud.s <:1d foodstuffs. T~ e 

delega.tion 1e..s subject o tl e re er vation of the ··)0'.7€r in the President t o 

ap 1rove o;c c:.isD-:ppro ·c ·fJrO · sions of an~r £:-J.c code ( *"'*) . Difficulties of 

t!li S 'o in 2..dr.1ini stra tion req·,7.i ec~. SO::Je seer era tion of the '!)O'··er a;.1cl On 

Jar '1.1£-.:i.';)' 0 1 1934, t e President trt.;. sfer: ed. ti1e :po--rers theretofore delecated 

to tne Secret"'l'Y of Abri cul turs to the ACI..:-1i n · str .... tor for Industrial Recovery insof2r as t~1e e ~ercise of these p o ·e_ s affected. certain L1d.ustries 

'.r.: · c:_ · ere statecJ. i.n t~ e orcJ.e:-.· a.'lcJ. --~lie rerc to be t~1e subject of subse0-_-.. e._t c:>.cree!Jent bet·.1een the Secr etar : of ;ricu.lture anCI. the Administrc:.to: 

for :i: ::.:c:"..c.strial Recover' • :::::;n1d.I'gene, t of these :;>o:Te rs t: eretofore delegated 

o c SecrctDry of ericul tJ.re and. t_1e AC.JJinis trator for Indus trial R.e-

( "') P blic ~esolution :io . 10, ?3d Co~:£1 -s . 

("'"'"') See ::xec~ti ·e Order ·-o . 6182 1 J·~.e 26 , 1933 ; Exec· t i e Order 

·;o . 6207 I Jul~r 21 , 1S33 r t.affir _ ed t- i.s delecation, r:ru. files. 

5844 

co 

.9 

v

:. 
-131-

cover r uc-s 1t'.dc b· the President in E~·ecl tive Orc\.cr lJo. 67G4, June 2S, u -

1904, b~r h~t.:h tho n..;_) Jroval of a,n~r anencli m1.t or modification of any proVlsion or -ol·ovisio:tts of cnv code of fE~ir cor:roeti tion r.ras to be exercised ~ " ~ 

b" the JD.rticular officer Hith retmect to those code ·orovisions uhich u ..I. .1,; .... 

such pe.rticulo.r officer \-:-as authorized to administe:c. No record of any 

further Presidential delegatio;.1s of c."uti.1ority Ti ith :ces-s>ect to .A.M.-i·TBA 

codes has b een found. 

C:lEAT IO:J 0:2 rAT I01:AL IiillUSTRI.l\.1 RECOVERY l30~1lli 

A ch~1Ge in the form of the Adninistn:.tive Ar:;ency rtas w:~.c\.e by the 

Presid.e~1t nhen he cren.tecl the 1:ationo..l In(.u strie.l Recovery l3on.rd, subsequent to the resignatio~ of General Johnson as Afuninistrator for InO.ustrial Recover;>' (*). The :provisi ons of this Executive Ordel" authorized 

the l3oar6. to exercise a~Ll of the po .;ers t:1ere tofore conferred b~r E:-::ecutive 

Orders upo'l the C.D±nistrator for L1dustrie.l J.ecovery. This transfer of 

porre:c necessaril~r carried. the po11er of ai:lencJJ,1en t, the r ecord of delega,-

tion of ~hich is set forth above . 

DELEGATION OF POTIER TO SS~~ OFF ICIALS 

The pmrel" of alJprovD.1 of ar.1e~1dL1ents of cocLes uas exercised by the 

PresiO.ent until the time of delegation set forth in ~cecutive Order No. 

6543- A. This po17er nas the n exer cised by the Ao~inistrator as affirmed 

by Paragraph III, Section 3 of Ad11inistrative Order No . X-27, MD;)' 5, 1934. 

During the early lJe.rt of 1S34 the nu1:1ber of amendoents submi ttecl. to trRA 

began to L1crease a~.1d further delegation of the lJo·;;er to anend see;.1ed necessary, but the lJOWe r of final rulini; on these T1atters was retained by 

tl1e A0.:.1inistrc..t0l" (**) . On AlJril 9, 1934 , the Ac-;_m inistra tor cree.ted the 

office of .A,cl.-:1inistrative _Officer e110_ designated him to e~ercise the duties 

rrh ich noulc"._ ~1ot rec:cuire the Awninistratort s 9e rsonal attention, including 

final approval in the na~e of the AQoinistrator of -

II . • ec cles .~1cl othm· o.ocu;_wn ts rc<;_cliring the Ad."lini stra tor ' s 

action · ·" (***) 

T:1 e ·national I;lc";,ustrial H.ecovej_~y :Jo<U"d, _2.fter its organization, 

authorized t~1e AcLraini strati ve Of.iicer, subject t.o its cener a l O.irection, 

to execute papers and. cl ocumm~ts and to e:-:ercis e tl1e por:er of issucu'lce of 

orders of ap ?rov:.~ l. or rules anc: r <'[;ulc.tions (****) . 

TERRI TO RIAL AULETI STTI.ATORS 

The for:~mlatio:1, prorml;;c.tion e.ncl acl:JL'listr2.tion of codes in the 

territori es of the United. Sta tes 2res ente6. s~ec ific Jroblems as to the 

r:1e thod of exercise of the uo'.: er of auen0~ .1ent . 1~o ci.elegation of this 

(*) Exec-Lltive Orc\.er Eo . 685S , Se:pte._,be:-.." 27, 1934, i:rt.A. files. 

(**) See Of:.: ice Order jJo. 75 , 1JB.A fi1 as. 

(***) Offi ce OrC..er :ro . 80 , :i.TRA files. 

(****) See Acloinistra tive Order X-93, )tenber 28, 1S34 anC:. Ac-;_ministrative 

Order Uo . X- 107, l.Jovenber 1, 1S34 , RA f il es. 

S844 
-1 32-

por·er ·;:as :-'C:e to Territorial AcL 1in:.st ator ... 1 ~1_ t' OU£"h certain rules 

o. d regulatio 1"' Jere c U,.) u'.C;rc y t .ese te·~1 itori ".1 f'r"..:nm istrn.tor·..; nere 

required to uo certo · n l'..cts , : os tly ·1ro e .' 1 ~'.1, r ior ~o t e actual 

appro ·al of a::1 anend..1m1t 0.1. • t.~?rri tor 1r 1 cod.e ( *) . 

:Jlli'ir~ :.e lrtter ·-.a.~. t of t:1e :·E..aX 1:34 1 t:1e Aw .. in.:.s ration instituted c.. c.eccnt::alizc.tion of t .... c ~c ... Iln;.strctL·e po' cr Iith ['.Il attendan delc6n.tion o.: vc...rious 9hases of t~· e a1..1.t~:o1·i ty conferr-ed by 

the _ ct . RegionnJ. of:Lices r:ere establi c::hec. und.e:· t:.e dir ection o-f ;: 

:ct.egional D.!.rector <nci. sane deleGation to these ... e-s;ional DJ.recto:i.'s of 

tne por·er to . .., .1e!1d codes ~12.s co~1teJ:l~;lated , Jut :.ever act,lally \7C:..s 

:1£:-de (*'~') . 

'I rout;i the ve:1icle of codes, : 0 .h.'-.: 1L1i strc:.•.tion i r01. tinr to tiue 

delegated ·arious ?OPers to coci.e authorities; e . g . , collection of re-

_)orts , investigation of com:plr.ints, etc . :·a exr;nle of -u.nquPlified delegation to code c:..u hori t1es of tile po· ·cr to O!nenl'. l c.s bePn found , but 

arious t~.:-oes of liT1i t2.tions unon the e::ercise of t!."' -ocm-er b• ::RA -·ere U..L 4 

set forth in certain codes. Soue codP. ·?:..·ov .isi ns ECJ.uireci. t e prior approvr.l of an c.:.r.1end:.1cnt b~r a r.12jorit~r l)r :::i::ed )er cnt~.ce of an inc~ustry 

or trac~e ; other cor.es rec;_u..irt-0.. t!:e c.p__>roval of the :proposed amend11e. t by 

e coc'.e nu tLori ty ( ***) . Otl-... er t:rpcs o: 1 ini tat ions ucr e included in 

t he coc!.es ; e • . • , t~ e )res8n to tion of the codes \IC s not an assent to any 

future onend. e!lts. The e::te.1t of t· e · n ·estigation in connection 'llith 

these t:r.?es of code provi "-'ions :!as been -,e-...·;/ lini tecl, although questions 

do arise as to t"1e propriet:r of s· ch C::.e l egation or l ini t2.tion upon tl1e 

exercise of covernnentul po'Jet cmd also t: e leg8.1 question of the e ffec t 

of such a lir.~i tu.tion u·om1 t: e broad o-orrc1· set forth in tl e Act . - ~ 

(*) See .AL.ministrr'.ti e OrG.cr 1·o . X- 60 1 July~ . lS34 ;· Of:i c e Or der 

:·a . 104, Jul· 14, 1934, !'RA files. 

(**) See id\A Con9li ~1 ce :Ui··ision Field. Lett er ·a . 190 1 -:RA iiles. 

(***) See tl1e Iro::1. and Steel Code l~o . 11, Article XII 1 Section 1 , Coc'.es 

of Fair Com]etition. 

9844 
-1 32-

1 i:2TBODS OF EX::::?. C:;: S~ OI' po·. :; ..~; OR A! J§ 'Di.iEFT 

The p mrer of zne:r..d!.ont is eviclt:J.ceC.. 111 scveral·'.7a~•s - (1) gener al 

E~:ec~:·. tive or A<iministr.:~.ti-re Order, ( 2) orc~u· of ap ;l'OVc.;..l of specific 

ar.1encu.1e:1t , (3) cunciitiona.l o:;.~o.er of apn~ovc...l. (Strictly sp eal:ing this 

Yras ~1ot tt a.1enuncnt 11 since t he co te .Tc'.S onJ.3r r.p·9rovec.L in consideration 

of ti1e n odi:!:'icr.t1on . ) 

Frou tL.1e to ti.1e, legco l 2.11ci ~Jo lic;)r req_uirenents necessitated the 

issuo..nco of an. E:~ec c1 ti·1e or Ad.J-a i!listrative OrO..er rvh ere'by all cocles 2:0-

provecl or to 'be ap:-9:i.'ovcc. nere a:·1endod to conforn to t he p rovisi o:r..s a:1.d 

requir er:10nts of the particr.lnr E::ecu tive Ordt:r (*). Like11ise , Executive 

and Ad!Jinistr2.tive Order..:,r.rcre i s ·ueC:. , \ihich , a l thouch in the forr:. of an 

ac1J:Jinistrative interl)r ctation, Bay in so:10 cases have he.d the effect of 

a general er.1enciuent (**). The usual :for.1 of these orders, rihich r.'7ere in 

the :1ature of inter)retotion::;, is as fol._o; s : 

"·. no p rovision of e..a~.r Code of Fc::.ir Co!npeti tion , c;greer.leilt, or license , Yrhich hco.s ~1e~:-etofo e been or nay hereafter be o..p :9roved , p r es c::.·ibeci or is!"ued :9"L:r su.ant to said 

Title of s a id Act shall be so cons truecl or applied. a.s to 

Yiolat e t he follm7ing r 1.:ues e~'lcl r cc;ulc:.tions •.. tt (***) 

lTo furthe::..· co :1 s~ c-:.era tion of t he .etl10cl of generC:!.l c..:J-ne:lc"'f!'lent has b een macle 

for the yu.rposes of tl.1is report because this methoc\. of aciministrative action 

is nore~ of an exercise of p o 7ers of interp r e tation, a!ld e.s such, i7 ill be 

treated in the stud·- m1 i:'lte:..·•}r e tations . " ~ 

(*) E::;:e cutive O:;:der l~o . 6464: , ~Jov er.1 er 27 , lS33 , prescribed rul es 

C:ti.1C.. r egule..tions ':~ ic.1 had. t he efl'ect of arnenct.1ents of a.."ly inconsistent ~-? :..~ovisicms r elatinc to co :·n.le:;,~ci l ribe y p rovisions. 

Executive Order No . 6479 , Decer.1ber 7 , 1933 , provid.i!lg for the 

s-u.bn1ission of sto..tistica l L1formo.tion 'b~r :per sons subject to codes 

c..nended. every cod.e of f D.ir co npetition t Ler e tofore approved and 

imposed e. condition i n the Ol' cl.er of ap:9roval of 2. cod.e thereafter 

a~9p oved . See A<i.1inis t:..~ o. t i ve Order ~ro . X- 51, J u..J.e 15, 1934 for 

an exam:9le of an Ad:·.1in1strative Orcl.e:;:- of general amend.nent , lJRA. 

f iles. 

(*"') Executive Order :i:Jo . 6606-A, Febru.e. ~r 17, 1934 ; E:~ec"L1.tive Order 

~Jo . 6606-F, Fe0ru<J,r y 17, 1934 ; E~:ec,_l ti ve OrG..er lJo. 6?11-A, I.I.:w 

1 5, 1S34 , ~IRA fil es. 

(***) E:.'~e ut e Ord.e r }Jo. 6606-F, su·ora. 

5844 
-134-

n ordei O! a· roval o.r a S"OLCL ic p~,cnc .1er~t ·. ·::.s t :1e ;1ost conmon 

net. oC::. of c::el'cise o t1 ... s ti.. inistr .t.i•1e 10' er. ·su~l).;,r an C'..Inencln nt 

\:as _Jro~osed. b:r nn i 1ccnstry [l'OU~1 c:-nl, [..i cr -~"' i:IG ... ~u.. consideration by 

;UtA, it TIEs ap_no·- ~c ·iJ c:.n _ {.:: ini.,tl~~·.1·iv.· 01~c..er r clati nc to tl e J<:'rticular 

ancncL1ent (*) . A uetho ~ o::' r O< .. i ::'l c tion ( en·o (;O"tAsl~ cc..lled ru:1enc~!1ent) 

of 1~0.:. osed coci..es us d f e.quentl;) by !.~- ·\. r12..s tl e c.onC..i tio 1cl order of app roval. 'Il i s ... .'o r i1 of aC.ninistrative e.c .J..O: is evici"'nc.:;<. in t· e order of 

ap )rove.l of r code . Sucl: orcie::c of _.:1~ rovc..l sets forth t. e adoption ancl 

c;.9 )l'OVLl of t:1c code , but conC:..i tion s t:>}l_J ovel upon t~.e inclusion of a ne11 

~:..ctio n in !!e co ~le :1ot ori c;i nall~r sub.1i tt eC:. b: tl:e spor sors ·! e::..~eof , or 

a o~i~ication of certain l~gucge of t ne provision contai1 ed in tl e co~e 

as su~ oi tte- or t '1e el ia1i natio·1 of a _1c.rticule.r 1ro rision ( ** ) . 

(*) See CoC:.e 1~0 . 319 , Ar.1ei1d;Jent . To . 1 ; Coc.e ro . 84, .AIJenci.ment _·o . 1 ; 

Cod.e :~o . 181 , _ ,leYlc'JJeilt ITo . 1 . 

(**) See o ... cle· ~ of a ... Y·;>roval of t~1e :3oot a.:1d Shoe · :anufr>.ctUl~in£; I: c~ustry 

CoC::.e , --o . 4~~ , October 3 , 1933 for an example of en cl i:1ination 

Sc.A4 

of e. p ortion 01 t ·1e Cod.e ; See order of a:9··Jroval of the Umbr ella 

.:anufactur ing Code :i:o . 51 , October 9 , 1S33 , for an exaa:ple of an 

adr.ition of a :?r O rision ; See orC..er of ap~JrO ·al of the Artifical 

Linb ~anufactl.. ·~i ng ndustr~r Cocle :·o . 514 , Aucu.st 28 , 1934 , for 

ex:c..u~Jle of a c:.~.ange i n the _1 :.~ovisions of ::: code . 
-135-

CH.APT:r:R V 

ALYSIS OF AILE:!.mi.:SJ.'TS OF CODBS - T-iPES 

. 0~' CODE EWVlSIG ... iS A5ECTED 

I~v sti ga tion of t he 1, ecords ·r e lative to a:1en~..'G 1en ts has resulted 

in a compilc:.tion of ·all of the ament...: 1e:1ts ey )ro·ved fro n J,_,_ne lG, 1S33 

to I'a..y 3 , 1935 . rr·ho bulk of t ... :. e co r.l::_) ilc:·.tion refers to specific amendJ.ltmts of ::;>ar ticul c..r coC.es a•·1J. c..11 c. tt e~, :;> t has bee n 11ad.e to d.eterraine '.7hat 

auenc.L;.1e:a ts 1/e:i.,e a::,>?:..,ovect , Tihat t~rpes of co<ie _::> revisions :rere a•·nended , uhat 

t;y-pes of code l)rov·i s'ions nere ad ·_eci to or 6..eleteG. fraTJ cocles. So::1e eff ort has b een r.1acle to stuC:. l tl:e e f fe cts of such amendi.1ents upon the code 

structure e.nd t1hat ~1Ul":'? oses nere sought or accomplishecL o:r particular 

aBenc'.uents. The author- \7£,s abl e to e:ca..r:ine only labor 2vnCl. code authori t:r 

anencl1.1e;,1ts in t i.w last ):1e::.1 tioneJ :9~1ase of t~1e s tud;y . The 11ri te r l1[;!.S J.1ad 

no O.;,):,)ortUJ.J.i ty to ana ~;ze the purposes encl. eff e cts of a; n~1ent s of tra.de 

J r actice JIOvisio~s . 

One 0.1. t:1e first p roolen s cb': :iro~tinc _?..A in the coc.lification ·.of 

l:"ld.ustry Ias the· correct t-:efL'li tlo'n 0 :!.. i: tC.ustry e.nc:. the e li!':'lination of 

the troubles one oatter~ · o:f: r,Ti...ll ti e co-·er c:ge , OVerle.p_}L.1[; int1.ustry definition1 class ificc.tion r.nd. ot:1ei~ questions r ele.t ive to the jurisc.Uction 

of the code 1nsofar ·as t he i nciusti,-r ·orocl"J.c t s or a.cti vi ties t here to el:~e 

concer~ed . One netllod of solu t io:hv ,n~s a :·Jenci: H~J. t of the clefini t io~ of. the 

:9c:.rticul2.r L1C.ustry or · ~r cide , 01, f.le1 1ba::.· hel~e of , In S0!10 · cases, the scope 

of t he code '.7a.s enla rged ar:d. i:1 ·others it nas limited. The inve stigation 

c'.i sclosed t nc. t si:x:ty- seven ( 67) co·des h a,d b een ar:~e no. <i , e ither a.s t o the 

<iefinition of t~le-Li. us tr~~ or trado 1 or defin ition of t:1e :ae nber of the 

in<iustry or trc.cle ,· ·or ~! rci' C..ucts of· th~ inC.ustrjr' ' or ··trade . · The fo llo'llil'lg 

t e."oulation l ists t h=-- nw:aes of t:.~.e "v c-.rious co~_e s so amenued c;.nd the t~rpe 

of anend 1e11t : 

i.:.Al.~ OJ? LJ)USTRY A.::. IE l.JD LLi :r ~T; ;BI::R 

1. 

2. 

3 . 

4 . 

5. 

6. 

7. 

B. 

9 . 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13 . 

14. 

1 3 . 

9844 

.Acl.verti~ ing ~ve ci c:~Ity 

Air Tr ansport 

:Onldng 

Baril.;: I nstn.u:leii.t l.Ifg . 

Be au~ & Bc:.rb~r hop 

I.Ie cha:1.i ca l ·· Equi·onei1 t I • ·-

I3 , . . . r e Cl~- L1G u:.. g . 

Jeverage Tiis]ensing 

:Oo iler i.ifg. 

BuilC.er 's Su:p)lies 

Candle .~ f c; . . 

Ecrct.i p . 

Can~1 ing & Pe,cking ~ Ia~hin ry 

Canvas Sti tc~1e d Belt 

Ca st Iron SoiJ. Pipe 

Ch ine.uare r::, P orc e:)..ain L1I G • 

Co:J .1~~~cial Refri el~<::.tor 

. 65-1 

lll-3 

'445...s.2 

. 273 

. 286- 2 

. ;::19- 2 

. 33<~ 3 

. 3J-l 

07- 2 

:302-1 

75-l 

.. 422-l 

10- 3 

. l 2G- 3 

. 1 81-1 

PROVISIOH 

AESHDED 

Def initi on of ndus tr;~r 

Ha' .. '<:'.ii incluC:.ed in definition 

Definition of chain store baker 

Cho.;,1ge in definition 

DefiJ.1i ti .. m of Inclust rv v 

Deiinition 

J)efinition 

Definition 

Defi ni t ion 

· Defi ni ti (Jns 

Defi ait ion 

De J.'Lli tion 

DefL1i tion 

DeJ..' i ai t1.'on 

J)efini tion 

.. 
-l 6-

16. Concrete 1asonry 

17. Construction achinery 

18. Cork 

19 . Cotton Garment 

20 . Cotton Textile 

....,1 . Dress fg. 

22. · Eartpenware Mf • 

23. Farm Equipment 

24. Fuller ' s Earth Producing & 

arketing 

25. Funeral Supply 

26 . ~ur Dealing Traae 

27. Furniture & Floor Wax & 

PoliGh 

28 . Hosiery 

29 . Industrial Supplies ~ Distributors Trade 

30. Knitted Outerwear 

31. Knitting , Braiding 

32. Legitimate Theater 

33. Lime Industry 

34. Luggage & Fancy Leather Goods 

35. Lumber ~ Timber Products 

3 • etallic Wall Structure 

37. Millinery 

38 . Millinery & Dress Trimmihg 

Braid & Textile 

39. Musical tferchandise 

40. Needlework Ind. Puerto Rico 

41 . onferrous Hot ivater Tank Mfg. 

133-2 

223-1 

19 -1 

118-1 

118-4 

118-8 

1-1 

1-2 

64-8 

322-2 

39-2 

356-1 

90-3 

381-2 

224-1 

16-3 

61-3 

164-2 

32-1 

8-1 

31-2 

42-1 

9-8 

9-13 

9-19 

9-32 

84-A-1 

151-2 

69-2 

209-1 

'174-2 

84-N-1 

~2 . ovelty Curtain , Draperies, etc. 79-1 

43. Oxy-Acetylene 155-1 

44. Packaging ·Achinery 72-2 

45. Paint, Varnish & Lacquer 71-1 

4 • Plumbing Fixtures 204-3 

47. Print Roller & Print Block 368-2 

48. Pricon Equipment - 84-Ml-1 

49. Railway Car Building 285-1 

50. Rayon & Synthetic Yarn 

Producing - 14-1 

51. Retail Trade 0-3 

52. River & Harbor Improvement 434-1 

53. Road Machinery 68-1 

54. Salt Producing 20-2 . 

55. Shipbuilding 2-2 

56. Shoe & Leather Finish 184-1 

9844 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Addition to definition 

Definition (cotton wash dress 

Definitions 

:Uefinitions 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definitions 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

New definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definitions (New Code) 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

I' 

Additions to definitions of 

industry 

Definition (exports) 

Chan e in definition of 

industry 

Definition 

Definitions 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definiti0n 

New definition 

Definition 

Definitions 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Definition 

Changing definiti on to exclud< 

boatbuilding 

Definition 
- 137-

57. Shovel , Draglinc .& Crane . 102-3 Definition 

58 . SO:=t"'9 & Glycerine. Mfg. .83-1 . .Definition 

59. Steel Tubular & Firebox . . 62-,.l Change in definition of 

products 

60. Tag InClustry 249-1 Definition of member 

61. Tanning Extract 37,;.,._1 J)efinition 

62. Textile Processing 235-4 Definition 

63. Upholstery & Drapery Textile .125-:- 1 Definition of rnembPr of 

. industry deleted 

64. Warm Air Registe r 472 .... 1 :Definition 

65. Wholesale Food & Grocery . 

Trade 196-3 Definition 

66. Wood Plug . . ' ... . 115-2 Definition 

67. Wool Textile . . 3--1 :Definitions 

Other types of the definitions set forth in the code were made subjects 

of amendments. Such matters as .definitions of subdivisions of industries 

or tr~~es, p roducts, types of employers and employees, ge ographical sections we re submitted f-ar m~.urlment .. The folJ.m"6ns _ta.bulo.tion. _ ·:. 

shows the types of definitions amended and the number thereof: • ' • I • o • • • a ~ ' • • • 

DEFINITION 

Industry .................................. ~6 ~ . OF . .AI:ItEN:oMENl'S 

64 

Me!'llber of industry ... :~ :: ~:~~~~ .:~:~ ..... . 17 

Subdivisi ons of industry~::.~~~:.; ... : .. ~.~ 30 

Prod uc t s • . . . . . . . . . . . . : : ~ . ~ ~ . ~ ~ ; ; . ; ; : ~ . . . . . . 14 f • .- • • • o ., • ' o • I ' o • • • • " Employer........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Emp 1 oye e • •••••...••.. : : : • ~ : : . ~ ~ ~ : ~ . : . : ~ ~ . : . 6 

Skilled employee ................ •........... 1 

Territoria~ subdivisions of industry ~····• 5 

Custom~ r. . • . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

Geogra::ghi cal area. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 11 

. LABvR PRvVI SI ONS 

All types of labor provisions were submitted to amendment. In addit.ion1 the attempts of N.R.Ao to revise codes so a s to 'Pring them under 

the then existent policy resUlted in additiops of a nQ~ber of labor provisions which incorporated such labor uolicy. The codes apDroved in the 

early days of N.R.A. were, in many cases, sketchy. Administrative experience with the enforcement of such l ab or provisions prompted revisions 

and additions of various types of labor rovisions~ In some cases conditions in the particular industry resulted in inequitable situations, 

causing either ~ increase or decrease of the maximum hour provisions 

with an occasional attendant change in the minimum wage "'9rovisions. The 

following tabulations disclose the labor provisions amended and the nurnb~r of amendments relating to such provisions: 

9844 

HvUR PRvVISIGi~ S 

Normal maximum hours ..................... Overtime hours .•••................. ....... 

Normal day period •... ..................... 

Normal week period., •••.....•.......•••... 

Maximum hou~s for watchmen & firemen ••••.• 

Maximum hour exception for emergencies •• ,. 

51 

13 

5 

8 

14 

2 
- 17.JiAaximum ho r s - Skil led he] Jl•. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 

Exemptions •.......... . .. ... .......... . ....... 1 

Salesmen and Exec ti ve s.. . . • • . • . . . • . • . . . . . . • 1 

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

?ormal minir.Jum wat;es ••........•..... . ....... 35 

Uvertime wases . ... . ......... .. .. . .......... . 

Skilled wa0 es .. ~:J· ··· ···· ················· Apprentice wa~es ..... .. .. .. ................ . 

Learners wag s . . ...... . .................... . 

Handicapped pcrscns . ... . ..... . ............. . 

Piece rate ........ .. .... .. ................... . 

5 

11 

5 

6 

4 

9 

Wage adjustment above minimumr ·•··· ......... lcSex age differentials •. .. .................. 8 

Geograuhical ·Nage d.iffere:1;~ials •...•......... 20 

GE:~ERAL :JJ.BvR ?Pvi!ISICJNS 

Child l abo r......... . .... . ................. 9 

Home works . ........ " . ........... . ...... , . . 7 

Safety & health standa r ds. . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • 26 

?osting labor provisionso ••.• ; ••• • ; •·• • .... ,. . • 19 

Ean "icap'9ed worke r s., • .'~ ::: .' .• • • : .• ~ •••• ~ •. , 18 

Method cf paycent of wages • .••• ; •• ; ; ; ~; ~ ••. 

Dismissal clauseo .... e •• • • : ••• ~ ••• , •••••• • 

Hazardous occ ua ti ons o ••• •• • ~ · •• · ••• ·• •• ~ ~ ••• ., • • -· .. . .. . . . . 

4 

l 

7 

. ' . 

. . ~ . 

All of the various types 'o't' l abo'I.' aine'ndnre!lts -set· fo r th i n the -· . . . . above tabulation were not change.s i.n the wording of existing u r ovisionn. .All codes con·tained no:.-:nal mini~um ·wage ·and maximum .hour p r ovisiona , and an amendment of th~oe ·pro is o~s ·re~resente d ·a change i n tlc 

wording the r eof. In a few ·cases dele~ions of existing ur ovis:ons we r e 

made whi l e a number of amendmen7.a ~e e additions to the e:-istin proVlSlons. Most such additions were gene r al l abor provisions re l ati ng 

to safety and heal·th standardsp requiref!lent of postin of labor p r ovisiona and provisions fer handicapu d workers. In some cases, maxi mum 

hour and minimum wage orovisi ons were added for apurentice or ski l led 

he l p. 

Hv~'R A~ID 'JAG~ PRvVISiviT S 

The investigation of labor urovisions has res lted in a o~'9 lat ion 

of t he codes, the mini';lu::n wage prov::.sior.s of v.hich wer ate'1.c... i uu to 

May 2, 1935 An anal ysis of the c iginal code p r ovision and ie amended 

p r ovision was made to determine the ef:ect of the amendment uuon t he 

original p rovision of the code as to all hases of minimum ~age provi sions. 

A similar nalysis was mad.e w1 ... h respect to maximum hour ur o isi ons 

and the various compilations he reinbelow set forth are the rPsult of 

such anal sis and re.pr8_se_at . . af-1 chan0 c s, deleti ons and ?deli tions t o 

minimum wa,se and a.xirrrLl,!Il ho r: _code prdvi'sions as aDp r o ed up t o Ugy 2, 1935. . . . . .. 

The foll owing list.~hows he various· odes which ~e e amended a s to 

minimum wage pr ovision$ and l i kewise , se t s fo r th thettpe of p rovi sion 

amended : 

9844 
NAl.lL OF ::ODE 

1. .L:cti:i:'ici['l Flovre r & Fc ther 

2. .A:i.·t ili cin.l Limb 

3. Bn.kin ··· l. 

·±. ..jituminous Coal 

5. Blouse n 

(): Skirt ~.!fg . 

6. :Buil de rs Supplies 

7. Can i·.ifg. 

8. Conning 

9. Cast Iron Soil Pipe 

10. Chinnr:are & Porce l ain Uf g. 

11. Co a t & S-c.i t 

12. Conc re t e Masonry 

13. Cotton Ge rment 

14 . Cotton Text il e 

15. Dress Mfg . 

16. ?l oO:i.' & Dall Clay Til e ML; o 

17o F:L·esh '\later Pearl. Button 

18 . JUneLG l Service 

19o fu:i.~ Drer;sing & .i:.'ur Dye ing 

20. Graph ic Arts 

21~ Kni tti nG , Br aiding , e tc . 

22. Leo.tller 

23. Le _iti mat e Theat er 

24 . Lig_ t Sewing , Exc ep t Garments 

25 . Lime InCI.ustry 

26 . Lumber 2nd Timbe r 

27. l·.'lac a:;:oni 

28. ~en s Cl othing 

29 . G8.rt e r, Suspende r & Belt 

30. Mi l line :L'Y 

31, Pq Je:i.' & Pulp 

32. Peanut 3utt e r 

33. Railna:r C<1 r Buil ding 

34. rt.efre.ct o1·i e s 

35. 3etail ~o d & Grocery 

9844 

-1 39-

r\1V1E:i:JDI\.ENT 

1-T'(J}f} \ E R 

29·-l 

514-1 

445- 3 snd 5 

24-1 

24- 2 

2,1- 3 

194- 2 

37- 2 

152-1 

446- 4 

18-1 

18- 3 

126- 3 

5-1 

5-2 

Wages 

PROVISION 

AMENDED 

W.:1ge s for app r entices 

Wages, snecial emTJloyees, 

adjustment 

Minimum vrage scale 

Neu basi c wage scal e 

Wa{;E:' r ates for Distri ct 1

1G" 

Exemptions from minimum wage 

Wa{!;es 

Territories & p ossessions 

wa;:_;e d.i strict 

Exc en tions to deducti ons of 

~r ges , r11inimurn wage for 

Harraii District. 

Geogr aphi c wage differentials 

Wage adjustment above minimum 

Equa l pay for ""Om en 

1Jages ( Geogr aphical district) 

Now Geo.'?:r e.phica.l wage district , -r:re.ge provision f o1, all 

clnsses of employees, female 

wage diffe r ential 

3~ 2 W~5es , minimum wage , 

118-1 and 3 ~~·es on ce rta in types of 

118- 7 

1-1 

64- 5 

92 2 

310- 1 

384- 3 

l Cl-5 

287-5 anQ 

'32-1 

21-2 

8-1 

226- 3 

31-2 

9-1, 3 , 7 , 

9 , 10 , 17 , 21 

234- 3 

1 5- 2 

94- 2 

151-2 

120- 3 

378-l 

285- 2 

168-1 

182- 3 

garmiemts 

.lv~ ini mum wage dif :fe r entir.ls; 

wages for empl oyees. 

Wc.E;es; abovL mini mum 

War., e di strict 

We.f6 district 

~a e adj ustments 

Ware (. ~t.: neral p r ovi sions) 

I Wages 

8 Wages 

W .. ges 

Wcge adj ustment above :'1inimum 

Wc:.ge s 

~a s o; l eo rne rs 

Wac;e s , adjustment 

W['ges 

Wo.ge differentials 

Wa{!'es on ce rtain ty-pes of 

g:uments. 

WDgo s of app r entice s 

t-~; e s 

,1a{;,'e p r ovis ions 

We:.{!;e adjustments a bove minimum 

Wage a.djustments 

Wage provisions; adjustr.1ent 

ab ove minimum. 

Wage s 
36 . _::.~1:.:.. :·:::.-v,;lcr !1 fL- . 

37 . s~ ',"::!_c::: ... .rf= . 

~8 . s __ i l:rt.,_i lc~ L~.:, 

3'J . ':t_- '-Ctu:..·::>::.. Cl· y P r oL"l:ct< 

... ~·c:'ti:_c.... 

41. ·::=:.ll ?~""lCi.' ',fb • 

4~ . ·:~:lo::!.cs"lc _oo<. 

4) • .. _,,ole ~!'lc '::.obp cc 

G·ro cr~ 

44 . ·:;- c:~:-Ll, Sal va .. c 

- 14 -

. )1 7-1 

4o-l 

2- ':( 

1: - 1 

;;:83- ) 

19- 1 

4G3- l 

',1·-'- 1 

P o rsro· 

Ai. ~i _Y:::;D 

· •• i i~Ul. ,, :..• ~ c 

Q.PI r~ e~ 1 .. ,be i:fft r -

cr.ti~ ; ··•:::bee ro r o ~-1 · 

·:'::\. c e r ju~tmnn t 

: .. ocl . o: . ot...e·,i.i C'"'.J. 

J i strict 

_ i,-. il v ') c D ro vi si c n s 

Equ.:;1 l nay fo r v.ro. ,~Jn 

F~y;rn;1 t of w~ cs 

.~: e b-; r ,..· t e G 

; " ,_•s 

-_..., 

• ":'". J .., 

A :ist rc at n~ to hour£ , r.irr: l~ ~ t o t .; fo1·; o i 

mcnt .... of 1L i mum ~::.o ·1:cov isi on , i r ac; follo··s : 

lis t :::-s t o ' ,. .~1'- "\ -

1. A··-.-()::t :. · :: . .-.: s-)cci :' 1 t "-

2 . A:.~t ·-f:c r"'_l;:)· o r'c r 

. A::~:.:icic-J. i.'l o,·cr c; :!<'c:~ 1i0r 

4 . A:.~ti::ic- ::>.1 Li :nb 

::> . Auto:1o -.~i. l:; : .. f 6 • 

6 . Auto.1oti r.:-. :=-erts '-: 3c-•Ui "'mcnt 

. .. .1. '-- . 

7 . Be.l":i . _ I nc.ur tr/ 

9 . Bi t1.:. .L~ol'.:: C o3.1 

10 . Jui l . r-.:._•c S1x-·1 lics 

11 . C2..L t L·o:_ So il P i -)G 

12 . Co2.t '-- s-...-~ t 

13. 1~c~et~ _~son y 

14 . Cotto __ &- :::::m t 

15 . Cotto:.'. ? ;:til e 

16 . ~::t:_ · . .-.-:-:-. t.f[ . 

17. 3L-·ct:.·ot;- L c • Stcre 

18 . F~ :::1 -: -,~- :t~..-Y: t 

9 844-

6:5-1 

29- 1 

J14- l 

17 ~ 

10 ... -1 

44 ._ . 

:_.4-1 

18- 1 

5- l 

~) .~ 

118- 7 

1- 1 

1- .~ 

1-.J 

7'-"'~ 1 

?Y?-:S r- :::-!t ~i.::: 

Hours 

H u:~s 

H0urs 

.:ou ~s 

hOUJ.' S 

riours - )! OC•.) ~. L •. ,_. 

;-.:a i · t ;n!'nsc =: •• llOJ'") [ 1 

office>'" c;!:l l '"'ri ; ::.· ~'i 

l of"r t .. ::"n $"'"' J . "'"" ·~~,: . 

-~ _-~ _ .. _ 

nourc for fC'Tl ·1";~ '~." !"' .. '")0•' 

c~ -~ l c ;.' ,-. s 

Eou e;··er"·"~ on s fo•: -- ::..csmcn ~ cAc u tives; 

e:.,en"~r ere s 

tiours- 7 J.1ou r- Li ~.qy , ·oc~-: 

Hours 

Hour s 

H0urc 

Hou_ s fo r VI!"> t cn1nen 

_ou:. r - rr.f< • l"ffi lo. 'l- • ~. 

3ours o 1' lAbo r , T'l:? ~--.:.._.8 ' .. ·--· . rlOU.t ~ o:' out s i J c .• 1 lo:·c8r 

X: c l c:::-·, c rr 

LLni ~"i f ini 11i:i ..._ •. 1- ~~- .::~e 

tc t· 0 40 hr. c~_if'ts 

.. ~ ,-:. ,_.._. _:ours no t t o u,... 

o - :·' ~rc 6 TJ :-:~w.l 

:_ott.:,.· c- o:c -? cr~rnr .1 ... f::.:.·e1i"l' 

c::~a ti on to me.:;·~:'.:: l: ~:::~ 
• o . ·" 

: ! 

,;tt 

21 . Gl?sG Cont~incr 

22 . G::e· )~.ic .Arts 

2 3 . H~ i ::c t; J 1..1

• t e Fe 1 t 

24 . Hosiery 

- 14LF"Jl.IT _; .... ---

90-1 

161-1 

3h-l 

287- 2 & 8 

70-1 

l G-1 e; 2 

16- '"5 

25 . ~~o us holc: Ice Refri era. tor 18,...- 2 

26 . K:1i t ter". Outerwear 6~ 2 

27. Kl!.ittL1t. , :Sraiciinc, , etc . 

28 . I£ CG i.i!l . 

29 . Lc2. the:,· 

30 . Le 0 i tim2tc Theater 

31 . Lim- ~dustry 

32 . Lu:-. JCl' C :r i m-oer 

33. ;,;2·1~ 2.:1C~SS l ndl.:S try 

34. Iviill i ::.1e.17 

35 . i ;o t. ioi.l Pic t ur8 

36 . Eut-....£ 1 S2 v i nc;s ]!>_n':s 

37 . Oys ·i;e ::.~ Shell Crushers 

38 . O;::r .... Ace t~rlene 

39 . PaiTit , Varnish & l a cque r 

40 . Phot o._.:~e:)i'. ic & Photo 

~,ini s~1i~1,s 

41. ?.efl'f:'.ctor:. es 

42 . ~at~il Food & Groc e r y 

43 . Rot2.i l T1·2de 

45 . '::J , ~ 

_.OJC (.,; !.,}.l i nd Produc t s 

46 . S2.u cl J· t •• I . ' 47 . S~1i~"-ul'..il : il1t. 

48. Sill~ Tc::tiltJ 

49. Te:.tile .::):!. ) 

50 . To:_t-i_le ? rin t Ro ller 

::::.;;.1 ,Jre.vi116 

984t 

3'>,-1 

f-- 3 

21-1 

8- 1 

~l 8 

9-ll 

l J l-,?, 

2~. ~ 

._) .:.- 1 

45?- 1 

-::·~· -1 

71-1 

362- 2 

168-1 

182- 3 

60- 3 

60-8 

t-)17-1 

211-1 

4~3-1 

~ 

48-1 

2?-l 

324- 2 

'IY.e:s CF f RO\' I SIO-TS 

Hours fo .. : cne).neerr, , f i;.:er:1o11 , ou.tsic1 e dc liv 7-:··y DCi.1, 

3r~~ncy rm1air c~L~s 

Eonrs f ,.,r wo 1king L.1 f2:1cy 

<'.ressi ·,b e nd r~b,Jit ~- :_

isions. Deleted i~ ~JPil ~ 

rr:en t nn .. 6 . 

Hnurs , b!J.fi c & fo :r --,;:.tc!lP.Jen 

Hours ; u..~ xirnum h1.~ . '3 ~~ce--) tio:.:-1s 

Hours 

1/if'.chi:r..e ho-ctrs 

Hours (•) roriuctive), ·J~'~ic 

Lon1.::, £J.nr:.l exc erytio:Ls 

Hon1•r 

H0'\ .' ~ ; o~ :i: iC , of e n_·:;.!.et:-rr-: , 

we:>_ cc.~:.. :rn ; exerr:o t i o:· £, ; 

lLii t~tio!1S of 

ii ul~c:o. 

-::,,.LL'f"' ; ;~zimum & r11? s"_.i ·~e 

Hour. for ~ne cial ~~o~)S 

o-!: ':·n:ckcrs 

Hours 

Hours (go n8r-9. l ;·. cxe . . ·1ti o:1b ) 

Allo able hou.rs of :3~~ tioTI 

Hour~ , ~:o 1 <:· t men , ·Jl.·J,r:; r.1e~1 

om.~ f C,on2 r::1l) 

Hour ~ 

Hours 

Hours 

Eours 

Basic hliurs 

Hou.L'f; , salesmen , ,,tl. t.c ~:ne :l , 

o:L~ vJ. ce c~· m?. in te!l£'.:.1~0 

errr_p 1oyeo s; ox!:' c u.t i V':) s . 

Re duc tion of s t ore "-o·.ns ; 

hour oxP-rr.pt ions 

Eour e }·crrq: tions fo::: 2_!1'~o::­

of labo1·; hom·~ 2..'c :· 

1:-oe tchmcn Cc gw~r0.s 

:-:o ~l ; e 'Ce ·J t in11 s :• o ·: 1.'8-

·: .. 2.i ;,· c 1·c 1'S ; c:.re '.."G ~~ 'ro s ; 

i!t"'.:-lr:1UIJ, hours fo:.: s~lcr.,·,1o:1 

:-Iours 

l-~o ._-,_:;:· :: , o "' r i c 

Ho··'.i.'"· , IJ:->r-ic 

·:~·c: r'o:· outsicl o c:r..J· ·s 

Hollr!=; , b~ c:-ic 

Hour~ 
1 A ' ) - .... -

TY?~S lSI 

51 . ~c-til c =~oc0rsin ~ i!o u.rs 1 OTH'n i nt::. [:. Clo sLl6 

52 . Un·~ C! :.~· -, t.,; :.· C.. • ll1cd :Lroc'uc.ts . ... ~ 

•. !..a. . 23- : Hou ·s 1 m8 chine 

. r .. ).!Ol" tCl7 & Dr~ ncry Textile 

54. Us~c Tc ·til e Eaw 

55 . :~lolcs" lc Con fec tio nc~s 

1'3,..1 - l 

·~67-1 

458-1 

:i1ourc: , [cncr!=>l ~ex c1tion 

Ho 1r~ , for pc:-1< pcrio ~s 

.:our ore. v i sion 

56 . ·.:.1oles::- lo Food c..c G1·ocery Tr "' elSI6 ~ 

r:.7 . ::ool Tc"·t il3 3-1 

Fours 

Hours , ~s ic 

::::::-JJ..-.:-tion of the ori ginal hour a nd wac )revisions and the ~::Je::t'

mcnts t::o:~cof of t he ::~.bovc lis t -.:1d coder J.i · clo ses t 10 follO't in_:: i'.l :::·o:~;:l?

t i Oil : 

TY?:s o? cc1:-: :r:- .r:.ovrsro ALJ.:.EED iiC . OF A. -.,~-

....J.!. _,.. ... 

l . ·.:" ::i ·tJ.um hours 

(e ) .A.rn<.mo.llcn t l'Gsul tin in no ch::<n c i n 

tl e norm2.l m'"'~xinum hour .. ~o i~ions -------- - 20 

(";:. ) hnm d.mcn t r c sul t i n i n incr e~ se L1 

... torr11a l ma::.dmum i1ou~ ·c:. ----------------------- 48 

( c) iuncnC:.:ncn t re s1.:.l tL2 L1 Ct.0Crc!?.Sd o f 

ilO I'l-:12 1 mg_:·i.. :un .1cu:. f -----------·--------- --- 9 

2 . o:tme l i:ii nimum ·.i?.::_ cr 

C.) Amcncmc··1 t rcrul i--· · J.::" ~1o c~h~ k c in 

t .ne nor:n!=>.l minir:urn ··:;.'--:; ·" ro inionc:: - ------- 5 

(b) Amendment rc nultinL, in increas e of 

normal :1 inhrum v-8 -~cs -------------------- -- 28 

( c) Arnendncnt r e sultL1g in dc l~e~se of 

normal mini mum vr8 6 es ----------------- ----- 14 

3. Overtime Ra;cs 

(e.) Amendment rcsu l til15 i n .,ddi tion of or 

revision o f mi !1i rm.'JI1 overtime "!=l_cs -------- 13 

Co) Arncndracn t )rovidL1t .~.·o r ma .• imum ilOU.!.'" 

fo1· ovcrtil'!le ... or1c ----------------------- --- 28 

4 . ·.:et .flmcn 

( ::> ) .funcndmcn t 11rovicli · mexi mun nours for 

.. .,. ic ~o"'l --------------- ------------------- 1 .') 

( J) '1enr'J,c··1t n·ov i din . Idnl r.'Ul, ··.:·.Jcs fa:~ 

' 7 " tc.uncn ----- ----------------------------- 4 
9844 

- 143-

Amenc.i.rne.1.lt .nov li-..1 ~ miuimum v'::>~~s ~na 

!1aximum hours fo .1. t 11i S t y>le 0 f emp l oyee 

Ame 10.ment c; 'r.l ti ng offi.c, anc s2.l cs 

uf!'·oloy<Jr s f r om nini . rum \·:ge e ·)rovisioYls ----- 16 

o . S:dl1ec... Ernp l oyeC'S 

(:-) 

(b) 

•• 

Amendmen t as to mi n i mum wa .:., cs 

Arne·:dm·.::!n t . ~ s to me.xi rnurn hour s 

Ari>cncJ.:n·Jn t · s to T!tinimu111 '.178 .so 3 

Amo·1cLrncn t a.~ to iJlE'. xi r"l.U'l ho1.·.rr, 

. . 

.._ ______________ 

----------- - ---· 

.Am.Jnc_'Tl(m t . (., · i n i ;.1,; tt a:J. 1rr-m ti t e: " ----------·---

.A_nlcnclm~l1 t e r. t.o L!lf.\J ir~n.lr · ~~Ol s ---------------

Junc ·::mt .::- c to ~· 1irmm .~~ c·..: s --- --- ---------

.Ame:·"dm·;nt e.s t o en7._!l :o:'!":IC>nt o f ~_)e rcE'ntes;.; o.f a··):•?rtn:.tices ----------------···-----

7 

6 

18 

l 

~ 

7 

S •· L1c 1...;; try .... :o..i.1 eli v is ions 

( ) J.:_r!l c n lli11 ·:nt ::ts to. ,.tL1i t",;u_;tl •:t.q, c.. ~, --------..,...------ 6 

('J ) .Amo~tdm Jn t ? [ tc -,_e, ?; :~ --:.J.11~ ... lOU.l'f, --------------- 6 

) Arc~ r~t es of ~qy ----~- ------- -- --------- l~ 

(b ) Je finition of areas --~-----~--- -- --------- l 

(c) ~eo a~hi l rat s for nort ~nrn cii strict ---- 2 

( C.) Gco.;r aphice. l r a t c s .fC? r son~hcrn eli strict ---- 4 

(8) Geo ~::, ra·) ~ic£'1 1 r e. t cs f or ~r ritories ---- ~- ---- 2 

11. A.;.·nen(lment p:-ovi d i n6 sex v1ag e ,!_iffc r entiEt l s ------- : ~ 

12 . .Hours o f opcnL1g e.n cl. clo ii ~:. -------------- ------- 4 

1::. A..:J.cndmcn t -p ro v ic.inb fo :!.' . C; C{U E_l r -9. t o s o f p e.y for 

rra l e 8.nd female emy loyo •;s ----------- ------:------ -- S 

. Provi c io::.:. B.s t o h;.·_ n o.icP." 'PG tl :.. sons 

~G centa ) --- ----- ---------------------- 8 

L j. :=: e·) tion of cm:_~ loye e s ee.rninf:, $T .. (L ' 1:10 r •J :J:'l.~u t 

::- ~ e ::' ~·.a. hour ·: rovi s ioi1s -------:.------------------- l~ 

l E. 3.u::Lus for :oe.ymen t. o f ;,a~e s ----.----------,---------- 4 
-144-

The above tnbul tion shovrs tho t 1CS o" , mcnd.Jilentr. of 1 bor nrcvisions rmd :li th respect to the YnF.IXi 1 U, '•OUl' , n mlnl·TIUI!l N1g8 n rOVlSlOnS, 

discloses "hether or not .~n increase or J.ec e.'1SC ther of -•~=~s effected by 

the pF.~rticulnr BmenJ..ment . Tue Author h3s h;.H:. nc o 1n o~tunity to investi-

&~te the cc.1uses for these mnendments of 1 ' boi' '')revisions in order to 

dete rmi ne '11 he ther or not such anendr1cn ts · ere ini ti.., t d by :-::tA or nere 

the r esult of AD 1li cPtion there·"or b;r th.; co tte Rutl ori ty 0r indus ry involved. r. e tabul1t ions n resent SO ! e nicture of .h: t occurr ed .a-ene rBllv 

in connec ion 1ith Amendments of l n"!"1 r TJrovisi cms. 

CGJE AUI'HGRITY 

l{RA code s nrovided for the cre~tion And e stablishment of A body cornposed of industry membe rs for tle uuroose of ~drrlinistering the code . This 

organization ,,ns usually cAll ed n II code F.~uthori tyu, al thrugh other terms 

r ere used to designAte it. _he mAI':e rs of the ee1rl codes 'T)Bid little 

Attention to the ri hts And obli g~t ions of A code authority, but AS code 

AdministrPtion -proceeded, experience taught lffiA that v~=~rious 1')0•-rers 

theretofore gr anted '"'e re too broad or too lirni ted. 3.equirernents of Section 

3 (a) and Section 6 ,.., i th respe ct to rep resent c:Jt ion of industry t=~ttflched 

to the establishMe nt And mAintenance of A code autl ority so thAt p rovisions relatin ~· tc t he election of mernbershin of these bo;nds oftentimes, 

because of le ga l requirements, :nolicy ;:~ nd for the YJurlJcse of prevention 

of oppre ssion of smAll ente rises, necessarily ht=~d to be a~ended . The 

Administrntion of A code by a code :=mthori ty And its efforts to effect 

compliance and enforcement re quired funds, the collection of vmich depended upon D stPtemen t of •)O'rer in the code . These requirements resulted in Addition? of p rovisions to codes errnitting the collection of 

contributions for t he maintenance cf the code authority And issuance cf 

NRA insignia and lAbels. Cor:mlir-1nce activities ;Jith resne ct to 

codes we re handled jointly by code Put horities l' nd the AdministrAtion . 

Statemen ts of po 'l'e r rel.g ting to the hRndl in , :~djudic:.:ltion t=~nd disposition of labor and trF.~de p r Actice ccrnult=~ints necessitAted Amendments to 

codes conferring p o· e r unon the code authorities to conduct these 

activities. The a&ninistration of code s by code Puthorities often disclosed the top-heaviness and inefficiencies Of nrtiOnAl COde Authorities. 

DecentralizAtion of t h is nhase of code a&l inistrAtion result ed in 

amendme nts of code authority provisions ''7hereby divisional And locAl code 

authorities we r e pe rmitted to be estAblished. In n ddi tion, other mAtters 

p rompted othe r Amendments of code authority n rovisions, as the follo in ~ 

tabulation sho s :-

OYPS GF CG~ PRC .. 0 . GF AME1ffi! !E:i:. TS 

Election, membership And constitution cf 

code authority-------------------- 1 26 

Code authority contributions Rnd fin nces 331 

NRA insigniA And l abe l n rovisions ------- 32 

Creation of labor complaints cotn'!ittees- 6 

Creation of tr::~de p r nc tice co 1nlai nts cor:mi ttees 19 

Permission tc collect sta istics ~nd renor s 62 

Creation, rnembe rsn i p Anu constitution of 

divisiona l or local code Autl orities- 37 

Addi tionBl P"ene ral po ters and obligAtions 18 

9844 
- 145-

TLo fol:l. '.J ~-" lie- t shons -~.10 ;• U!.1b ~: of c~ues ::-,ntl t1 l0 n3 .. TIP t c:..···o f 

whi :-.' Ol.' :" ~'~·un ,'cd v.r itJ.1 L'e" ·) cc~-. to ~.lC' ~on.,titi..J. tlon or' _1e co,o --c~t·.or ity . 

~.1o t':'.1 "co· ,, titution11 · s ns:),._ iil t11ir. ~eDor t l' o~·er:, t o t he coc.: .. ~ J:·ovisioas '~.: i~ ll ··re r c i n t he :l!:> t. •J.r e of " t...,t .·"::).' t of t :.c :;:i . h t s e.-'1 .. o wli 2 ...; 0 I • -

tion~ o.:.' ~:c• code !:tutho:ci t J aur'. of t cw ync·n,l;(' r " t ho r rJo f . The so . ., ··ovi r:.~·ms' 

usu.:1lly :i.'Olo. to d. to t 110 li E~b il i ty of the mom.b o-.·s of the co clc 3.ut l{ori ~· , 

Admi ·:i st::-- tivo prwo r of susi:·onr.ion n :.; ~ E':i. ·_· :.->.c ti·T itics, rit::htr of 2· bi :- ~ 

tioD, :•:0\·o~· to ubmit r ocorru:1onc:etion£ t o t !lo _.., c'mi:i, i stre tion, 1) 0•.--lJ r to £..a t· 

U:? rot=, i onal coinmi tteo s .<'lr,_d_ the other "Llsue l cod e 8.utho ri t y p rov i sio:1s 

founc'. L1 t_lc L!oC.ol Co c~c . The se in<i1J.st 1·ios e.c 1ist':)cl. 0. ~.O. se t fo1·t ~1 o.s 

an OXE'r:t c of tho e fforts of :mA to s ndani. e code p: ovi sions rel£· ti:1.::, 

to coc' o cut :.ori ti cs ~~ nd to c~_es cril C the ri'-):tt:. -a::c3. obliga tions of CO l-.e 

authorit y pe":'! LE':rc; o.. s'n ~. ~ 

NA!vC OF CC~:::; 

1. Ao.vo_ ti,...i ·\, S·•ccie1 t ;v 

2 . A~.l' ~ilJse:r 

3 . Allo ~· E I ncl"LU?- try 

4 . A~t ~iic ~ Flo er & Feather 

5 . Asb.Jrtos 

6 . :Boil we 1 !ft.. . 

7. :J:'-:.tticc Cloth Mfg . 

B. C:st ~c TI Soil Piro 

9 . Cl. :- ::: .1.l. Sx,le ? oofir·, 

10 . Co ~".c :· ct-.~ -~" sonry 

11. Co·.".str-.'.c tion 1~a chin ;y 

12 . Cor s~t C ~:~ 0rc 

13. Cot 'c~n. r::; ·:;x·~ i1 e 

14 . :::;le ct::::i.c =::ois t ....c ~fono .. e il 

15. Fibre Can anJ Tube 

16. Fur tianufactu rin0 

17. ~·u:c~1itur 3 -· J.i'lool' ''J::x c. 

?ali s~1 

18. C-:t£1.~--.h ic A:rts 

19. I nclx:.s t:::i 2. l fur na c e Mf .:, . 

20 . I nvE:;stmc:1 t ~ankers 

21. Le"" it.:.111e.t e Thc9.tor 

22. Li Do L1o:L1c, t r;v 

6:::>-l 

347- J?l- 1 

1 

29-l 

80- l 

38 ~ 

5- 3:.1-l 

18- 3 

38S- 2 

7- 2. 

l - 1 

1- '-'; 

l - 8 .{~33 -1 

30" - 1 

4!6- J 

?. ?4- l 

287-

287- 8 

357- 2 

141-1 

8- 1 

31-1 

23. 

24 . 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

31-2 

Machinery & Al lied Proo.ucts 347- l 

:~:xl! e Qua rryi ng t~ Fi n i shinE; ~' l 

~~TI s Clothi ng 15- 2 

Mete.llic ',~-9. 1 Struct ure 8t1-A- l 

i.ii lli::.lCl':,' l b l - 2 

Ncec.l c\--o l'k I:c:..d . i n Puerto 3.icoL174-l 

Nove lty C'l"'.rt ::; i n , Dra.porics, 

3 eG..s·•n·ee.C.s 8; 11ovel t y P i llov 79- 2 

~0 . Oil l,_ c~1or 2.5- 2 

31. 0 l':il2.iTIG:!.1 tel 10U g 260- 1 

9844 

DAT3 

J :::nua.r y l , 1···.: 

l~ovemb2r .8 \ ~~4 

D; c emb cH 18 , 1S ~L_1, 

,d "l'.gUS t 1 Ll: 1 1 S r ·L_ 

:~ r i 1 57 , l' --.~~ 

Au~:_u."" t -::::8 , S'-~LI-= 

April ~2 , ~,...._) 

ll.1.1gus t r~ , l :' -'2. 

J e c emb.J!:' ? , 1.~ ..... ~ 

October 10 , -·~ 

June 2~ , 1·- r-;:·. 

De c enili 0 r 11 , ~34 

November 8 , l c,....·-

De cemb t- r ~ I l C'~ .­

Jllly l rl , J.. r,,,_ 

Octob e r 1 .; , l :':~1 

July o , l ·-·-= 

Ye 1J ru?. :'Y l ' , l :.; 

Jul~{ l ; , , :- .' 

.:ru l;y· 3 , "! 37± 

.A,-. , <' ·t- 1 . . ., u ·;.1. ~t...;_ ~....,.,, , .... t ·+ .- .... ~ 

A~ri1 30, r;~-:: 

Fcoru[:l.ry l , 93~ 

Octcbor ~2 , lS)4 

Fob ru"ry 10 , lfJ "~ 

Ap ril 1 , 19'3.) 

IVI.qy 18 ' 193 ~ 

Octobor ;~:~ , 1s··c: 

De cemb er 13 , 1S.-3 

October ~a , S~~ 

_rovo:nbor C' , 1J'"',L.., 

J u ly ~0 , '~ '1. 

AUbUSt 2t..:: , l ~·-.:.: 

St"'p tcmb ol' 11, lS,...t: 

A ) ri 1 28 , 1 r"l,.... 
JAF: OF C J::::. 

3~ . P:> i ·1t , r2:::."1 i s' 8.. Lqcauor 

. ?l10tou::.. E".-"':;li c c.: Pnoto :..,_~ n 

34 . ?hu.1b L1c.. :::'i xtur es 

33 . ?r ~tc s ~o ll s 

36 . ne:,:o:1 t.": Sil'.:~ Jyo i ng 

3 7 . 1ost<:>ul cnt 

38 . ::tL1_, I'rrve ler 

39 . Robe ~ lli ed P r oducts 

40 . S~: : bui ldii1g, 

41. Shoe 2:. e~.tho r Finish 

42 . Soft Fi bre ~fg . 

4 3 . Texti le ::Jer 

44. To ~t il o ?recessi ng 

45 • T 1ro :rL15 

46 . Umb:..'c l le 

47 . U:i!<.~.~l~\'2:-:..', Alli ed.. ? r oC.uc ts 

48 . U-~ ~:o l s tc :~._r [~ ...;ra·"'le r <~- Te:·t i l e 

49 . ~~ l !'~C~ ~f • 

50 . ',7En,1 ALi.' na c i1~fc. • 

51. ·:. ol .. se.:!.c -.i lli ne r y 

5 2 . ":ioo:. 3'clt i .. fb . 

- lM'-

1'. -·- - m --- · ,_,, I.L .•.• !.1 

. ..... ... .. 1 ·: - -I ... 

'Il- l 

~f12 2 

~0:1 :~ 

106 ~ 

1 72- 4 

~82 2 

.Jl7-l 

211- 1 

2- l 

184- l 

393- 2 

.?,7-l 

2~5 ~ 

54-2 

51- 2 r~~2 

123- 1 

19- 1 

- 2 

801- : - 1 

143- l 

:)A'l'_, 

·~,:, r c l 

1:::-l r~ h 

_.:o ri 1 

l, ovemb or ;7, 1 --;4. 

!a.rch 1° , lS--

Deccnbc r , 19~4 

De cemb e r 10 , 1•::·y-= 

Ap r i l 26 , l 9'J4 

Octobe r 10 , 19 ~3 

.A.UbUSt 2 , F''34 

Octobe r 2J , 1°34 

De cember ~, , 9~: 

August 6 , .~~ 

Ap ril 19 , 1 "''V~ 

Jul ;y 2 7 , l ' ..... .:, 

i.iay 10 , l --~ 

Feb ru_"try 6 , :i.S)j 

De c embe r ·-- , 1 ·-;) .... 

June '?. 7 , 1 cr-:Ll. 

,'' ~~us t ~0 , '"'-·~ 

:-o v..:mbc r 30 , S':~ 

T'1..:) :·1:>jo:~ i t y of a:l1cn·lmon t s refcrrc e i t ile r to oc: c qut hori t y o : 

trace ·;::::> ct5_c.) -Jrovi P. i ons, but t he nu:nbe r of 2 c tua l p r ovision s aff Jct.:t 

-?.te~'. to t::..'Ct'e ·Jr!lcti ce n:les. _h e ~es of t 1·edc flct e rul es ~.e t 

f o t~J. L,_ e.::..'i 011.s codes cov ed 0 nw: b c:r of s u oj oc t s e~C:. o :1 t c~ t l:e s 

ee~1 r.::-:c.e , fo l' t he ·our ooses of ~ ~ J.=' r e limi r-::!ry reJo rt , t o se t out e:-c:: 

e.l ti--::-,_1~ :.' _'::-.c~e :p r!' cticc ru . Til,::, v.,- l'i ~t of such r u l vs im.ke s su e :: a 

t ?buleti o:1 too much of ::> s~-- et tHis t Lra, , uo•:·ovel' , t;.c .qut hor 1...:t" ::.tt e;::)t -

ed to co:.T'ile ccJ..·ta iil forn~ ti o·:1 :ccbarO.L .omo:.1d.ment s of t r e o · :.: .. ,'t. ... ce 

r ulJr. . T~1c fo l lo ·•i ne. cl.oss. i fic:3.tlo"'1 is used ::;s B 'ufl~ t-

( e.) 'J:'rece iJr l'1. Cti cc rul es ll!' VinL, b';l::: i s in 1:::!.•··· 

(b ) Tr "'cie cti ce r u l es l.o ving P.omc "b.osi s Y~ l!">• . 

( c ) Desi r ·.'.b l e tre.re u r a e t i cc rul <"!S f r om an i ndurtri e.l vi c -rpo i n t but h::~ vi nG, no br si s i n l .o · • 

The e.'l'.t~ o:..· J.1:-s set 01.1 t in t he Outline of tn ~ subje c t , "llich i s e.ttec::cc. 

he r eto e.:i.l ... ·. :·.12.rLed Aopenli.i x o . l , to oth0r c l assi i ica tions o f t hese :..·-...11e s ; 

vi z ., · ... l..:~.c~.ccil~~t c t r::.1de _ r a c ti c e r ules en~. . 'W.len fcrce':l:o l e trade 1)r acti .... o 

r ul es. This :..·e·oo r t canno t concern 1tse l f •itl t hese t ··o last mcntio11ec". 

clasc i fice ~io:.1s .o t thi s time , beceusc of t ho ncocl. of r eferenc e to t l10 

Tredc ? _·e cti.c.) Studi es Pn 1 t ho L"~ '=1.1 :n fo rcc~•1 0n t Studi e s, :•hicl'l t ne ..,.L,.t~:.o r 

has not o_..;:~ ?ble to f i l l for t _lis _~eryor . '!~he nuube1.· of trece Dl. £'1ct ic o 

p r ovi sio::s ( ? c co r C:.in6 to t' e 2.bove men t ioncd cl:>.ss1 f i ce ti on s) ·hi e : \"Ol"O 

s ubj oct;;(. to ~.lilc:1d.rnen t e.rc e s fol l o' r : 

9844 

Tn'~Q.e pre cti ce r ules :C.·.q, i nr b!" sis i n l P - --- ---- llS 

Tr!>dc -o r e ctico r ule s l-l?vi n5 some be.r i s i n l a.., -- 10 6 

.. j 

••) 

···) 

'44 
-147-

Dcsir'lolo to in(llst .·;y ;,, t h~". inw no b-:sis L1 l ::lY' -- 20.5 (*) 

r::.1 ..... :·ollo., ·ing S'Jeciflc f•I!L'ilC; Jc~· ts .:.~o '~. inl::. to certa.in ;hg,ccs of t:i.1r c.e 

pr')ctico 11.:tlcs <-nd in d'.i tlon to t.toce li ste~~abo.) e.r,." :-

Price flxin( -------------------- ~~ 

Proi.1i'Li t1on of S"' le s bc:o'" co s t - ~~4 

o~e~ n rico systems -------------- 45 

Unifrrm co ;:; t cc o1.m tin~ --------- 20 

Production Co i:trol -------------- 7 

M:t chinc hour 1imi t"'~ tionf -------- 7 

Pro!1i i tion o r' nc• · ins t2llC'. tions 

o f .ne c hiner;y ----·------------- 4 

Tho :-1.'.tl:o r of t.nis !'e--·,o rt has h:->d ::1o op-portunity to examine t he 

reaso1F ·::;y these va rious t }:-ad c ·0racti c e r u les ·r:ere ::Jlllondod , ,_.,hethe!: OI' 

not tl1c :->.rncn(jnen ts \Pc:.·o sp oncored b ;y ii.1c~ustry or }1J1A ano what effect 

tht'Sv c- "l""~cl.J·1cmt s he.d UO')l1 t.tle ce :le str ucturc . It is hope d th t thi ~; 

prelinin l~y :t'e)ort v:ill ti vc s0oc i dee. of ti..1e rJ.uostions ·c rosented . 

I Tr.,-.---" -- ou~ "CD"" -- rv r-0; S •.Jv·.2JL.J......f'"--~ 4 l....' v ~ .r'_vv . .0 1 - • · 

Tl1e fo:~ma tion of cocl.cs rc s"L'..l ted in some instenco s of improv9or ,-,ol~c:. inc; 

v.rnici1, o· ..... CC"·1'.sc of th·} t:rom.:nduous a~'tr inistr tivc; ;;o·O·_.)l1·,s8n t ed v:rc re not 

no ted at t1:et time . Le.;islEJt1.ve dre sma i~i --, rrJCJ.:d.:,.:;c. e correction of 

the s o !'' St".~:es ( **) 

The c:r..2~1~,a of t :,e fo:rm of RC.mir.tistr!Cltion fl'om t~.t of an iP.c1ivi u11al 

adr1L1 j_str~.to1~ to~ boa.rcl JSu.lte "'~ in 8. nurnbor of 2"'lur.dments :.J bstituti :~t:,. 

t he '.7orC.:, 11 :2.tion~ l Indust:cial Jccvor~ Bo?.rd" for t L.c , .. ord "A. cm inist ~C'L t.:):i."" 

(* **) . 

(*) A fC'.7 e:;::arrrol8 s of t :L clessific2t.i.on .no:ro i:i1ebove s o t fortJ.1 m::3.;)-' 'Je 

:iJJ.-Jf''.l. 1'v1') e s of co<ie 1JTOY sio~1s V'J.1i CH :12ve t0cn i r. cludcC::. L1 CJ.ass ,. - ~. ) ==-:::e - comme rcial bribGJ.'~i , false .::>C.-.r tntlsine, , liryuide.t '1C::. G.f.'.m.::> . .._, o 

e.:;,:.·ocr::ents , f-?.lse i:.1voici:r~ , 0.efe.r ::~tion of cor::pot itors , a:1c~ sec::.1 t 

r ciJe. tcs. Cless (b) iP.clu~es ·,J :·ovisi o.ls such e.s - d Jsign ·Ji:i.1'?.CJ , 

L,1 j_t!". t i on of tr?.. :le :n~ J:k , style !ir?.cy , Sl)littin{:, of commissio:1 s , 

p~o~ib ions ara ~s t advertis~ng allov~ncas an~ optional stanearfs 

Cl2US es. Clas::: (c) inclucl~s '•J rovisions ::::ucL as - uniform c.iscm.:ut 

a:ac' c::. ec i t terms, lo :.:.s limi tatiOi1, !,)!'01libi t i on of consie,nmcnt s.::>.l es, 

:_J~coi:ioit ion of futu re contl'-':?ct;-, requirement of inclusion of tr~.l1s:_J o1.."

t:;.tim1 cost i n j_ll.J..rChasL1E, ric , e tc . 

(**) ~e .Ame·1drrDnt No . ~0 , Lumocr ".nd. Timber Froducts Cocl. e - J a nuo.17 ;-1 , 

lS03 (t:1e ;,-v ord 11 iDdustl·y 11 cha::1e;ed to " indust rics 11 ). Sec Ameilc'.mc::.·: t 

No • . , Me tallic 'Je ll St:.1ucturc Code - ::i? rch 7, 192:3 (the 1]1TOrds 11 2 .. 1c'./ or 

o:ffc11 f or sale" wore e.c1C.cd after t he 'No rd llsoll 11 • The origir:al 

i n t o:i'lt be i n5 tr.!B.t offers Ol sql c c·ero includec' in t he '"'Orcl. 11 sell 11) • 

See e.lso Amend.Inent ~To . 4 , El cctric3.l ~ia.nu:facturi ng Code Ao;>ril 23 , 

(***) Sec Amendment No . l, ':Phe Cnrlod E9.ir N~.nufa cturing Code F ~ b l'UE'. r;r 6 , 

9844 
- 1 0-

0:1 £' >n:mber nf 0CC'"'si ons co ·, ,, 10 rir, ·or... , ~ :c \ '" :: o: ~' oor clr::>.fts.: e:.1-

sni -:> , i.T l'O! c :t CY.}.Jret sian of th ~ i nt en t. o J.' t.1' .;no11. or~ , ::>moigui tJ or other 

r oaso:1s , :.~ lted. i n situ:-:>ti0.1 c ''' t:r ·r q_.:r int. "!> t'O sutj ... ci to intcro·~c-v ~ion sufficient to cove.,. '1.r Qri _ i~ o:.:tl in .·mt or r· mov0 he ~ ')igui t~· · So11e _)rev i si ons \ere s1.: ~cotible to i to:.\ n·e t R.t i o .. , but such 

ntc:.~ "'~ !. :?·~io .. mir;ht r erult in f1 c'ifto-rtion 01 t lanbU"\. C (* ) . On some 

oc ca sio:1s ac tU£>.1 intC' roret? tions , e:::- i jJ ';·f c t beJ·ond t r"e in ~roret'"' ti ve 

scope of t!le code prov i si on qnCl. o1· ne ~..ss i ty required a.mendment . The :- utho r 

of this :.·e·"'~ort hn.s had litt l e Ol)oJO r ti.mity to ex~rri e sucn s i u.q_ ions , ·J.1ich 

actU:"'lly leO. to !'lmend.ment of the couc , but tnis cau ... c c-f ~mendm" nt is 

men tionc- c". !"1..:1c1 is su5g;cs ted as a "'hase of t e s tul y f it fol' furtl e r invc s tit:- 2. ~io • 

.vesti.;~.t ion discloses t nq t seve L ( 7) :'lrr:endmcmts r e lated to the 

effocti rc (ate of t he code , 8.11 of 'uhi ch extended tho exoi ration d~ t e ( •*) . 

( *) See Arr:.cndmcnt No . 1, Pri con Equin .1ent ,;n,nuf;::~ tur nc Code - :ovc.nbcr 6 , 

l'J34 . 

( **) Sc '3 A:. 1C!1Crllon ts 'os. 1 , :.3 , 1 a.nd J of tno Autorllc 'u:~.lo L~nufactur nu 

Co c.') . 

9844 
~ 149-

CilAPI'TI VI 

3'1AL'JATI V:i.: S Al1:i.J COUCLUSIO~T S -- -----···--

I t \If'S l'Oquirc1 t :1:-'1 t t~-:.J ro l2.ci DS l"' f tha Act b ·; bive:.l expr8SSl.O:l1 L1 codes c :f f:.t i l' ccnF)u ti tio:... . Tho ") .:m~J::.' o: cod.e - rrD2::int; 

cr,lbr::.cod tJ.1e f ull purpose of tl·1e Act fl n:~ '.'lf',S tiw fw.ld"..i,lGntE'. l caso~1 

fo:;_· t J. . .J l;xe:·ci co .•; J..' ~1owo . A cc :~pO li o~l f'JH.J r '.·'ls t 1l£'.t c f 0.moudro.or t c,f c od.:::s. Gu::-.r::-~ntoes o f this W~Jr ".nc1 its opo~· usc mee t 

t ho most fundmncn t e l rules o f a c':.lt1ini st 1"8. ti ve l e.w . T~1ereforc , a 

CJliT.t.Jl..:::t•) ew'-l:U!l.t.i on of ancl i79 ll c r:n sidered SUf;~es ti ·ms l"e0e.rd1t~; J.J::<A e.r.1:m6..:.:1onts i us:Jf.:.r as t ho •)OV!Gr t ') exnt.::nd v:as o:;ce rcised 

i s a req-L.li sit..::: of t~1is ru:n::t." 

Ch."-lJt er I cliscusse s L 1c ve.rirus l o[:;i sla ti v .c s ou:rc os of tl1o 

)o'·;ar t ·J !>.uo:1C::. coclos. i~a mmti:Jn of .c yow2r is c

1.cfini t e l ;-{ sta t e d 

exccn t in Se ctic ;"'. l O(b ). :- :1st:..~o.cti :1 , 1· tit<:) ·or0visio:1s o f som.J 

so ctions of t J.10 Act "-t lce ;;t ;ivcs s :.,;nJ 1Ytsis u·iei1 Yihich thi s aclmini st:l:o. t i v "' pov,ro .. ;nq;:,· bo "' ror1i ·o. ~d . '~ J. n l ·Jt_; i sl r:: ti v o his tory 

r efci"S t o an ir:. toi:. ti<: :n to c0 :·1:::~ -,. : such ~Jow ..;r o·.:Lt tho b ::.s c s fc.Jllnd £'.nd. 

infc:r1·od -ctr,; nut F.'.s ~; -:::-i'o t:l~r S·.Jt fort :1 D.S v·. :\s 1ossiblc~ so t o do . 

T!w i de". o':f v ; lu:.1t8.r.- '\jl cl. i r'!•")osoC.. coc'.os Cetl'..S0cl dr-ubt a s t :: t he .. . 

e::~ ist onca ·Jf t ho po·~ ::r t o mil.:m0. ~ l unt.!"'.i::r code -J::.·ovisi cns. It is 

~ o::.~-: sug.;est.cd ::. .... t ::.E":- c:::;isl8 ti , if <"'-11~ , conta i n e.doqw.to 

- n( SyeCi fie :,:of 0re11CO t o th0 ~;o'.·re; r of £'.mond.no:1 t of CodeS ; thP. t 

..; ithc r a clistinction as t o uxc:l'Cis c cf :.:J 1J ,Jne:.· b0 rn::;.de bcb,!c en 

fl..mc::ndm;:m ts of v o luT-:.tr.T-r '' L~o s a!.l l.: rovi si :Jj1 S of i rTrJosed c octe s or ' .. 

t '•a.L n C" ,... • ' • t. .L . ' , t ' .L n ll " f d . t' L v o .,u. _,n Ct.lS ll1Cvl 1:1 ~0 :1:1-c.·J ; J.lE'.v 1-u _ T)Q';wr Dv c0n orre w l -~ 

ras-_)o ct t o t:O.c tir.1o of cxo :cc i s e tLo:ceof; viz ., ,._t timo of c ocle 

a~Jpro ':' l o :.: 2.~-3· tim...; t: 10r0n.ft :-' r . 

T~o lin i teti cns of u~~ ~ist~,.., tiv ~ d iscrot i vn o few , as discu s::.Gc. i:: Ch.'l-r)t..;r I. T~1o oow ;r .:, f "'.m; :.lc1mJj'l t, bo i n_; such ,._ f2.r-

:i:' aa chi :1c· l. V'f'..:Joi.1, sh('>\..1_1 -'. b e subj Get t o we l l define d s t:'..i.ld.ards of 

c~:!.scrcti :r1 . ~ho )~ lic:!.Gs o f th; Ac t ::-.rc: 0. ·uP.sis , (r._;.t it is su

co s t ed tll·" t s tP:Il.J.ani.s , ',e:ac r e1.ll.J' L1co11 o :,·o.. ti:'L t h.a r.__:c.s ons for 

fl..m,nCmr;l~ , :)e.rti.culf'.rly t hos e offered b:r L1:.ust:ry ~.n '. t r2.clo a:-.10. 

c::m c ud.oC:, ~)c ef al '!O :L ie ' r oc1u i 2:·om 1 t s of lEA, bo l ob i sl£?. ti vely 

0St::l.blist ... 0c'. as~" [;;a2. (.J t o .::- l i::~ k'. ti _· n. ~n tho [".OJ.tinistre.tivc 

<='•[;Cn cy . 

A :;;J~_) e C:.efini t i o:1 ) :£:' t lh3 term 11 D.menc1.mcm tn so fa:: e.s ~1e 

use of th ~ ?owe r a~d ~lli sco~e its f'?Jl ica ti( n e on o~ , 

is sugoostccl. ~~1o di scussi.Jn of t:1~ s ")f'.rt o f L10 subj0ct i n C1k1.ptGr 

II is suf:.C'icl ont t o '.7 ~rrn'l t t he m.1c.:_,os ti0n . 

C11C:.)'c er III -orose11ts 0.. :.:e corcl of t h) deloc../'-tion 0 f tho p01:1er 

Of ~.mO.lC .. ma:..-:-.t. lTu S c; :Ci.:.US C.8i'i ciel1C:ios ": J' .J:l~" , fl l ho~h th,; referonce t 'J e.!lcl ·:..1.sc c f th·J )OV e:i.~ t'J 11 substi t ute 11 P~t?~~ pz·ovisions c ould 

be clarifiGd e.n.:.. spc cificnllJ.r brout;ht w1cl_e;l~ ~v~ p:Jvm t o n..,monc:i.". 

984.4 
~:~ J. .... vn ti ~~ of th 

t he :-.... ti ~ 1 L1u.us t:;.:i ".1 

is1 "'t iv ~J 1imit!".ti ·1s 

susL.ested. 

·1 ·~.~ t o !"I .... 21r'_ b:.' t :1 · ~_'_m l istr1.tor £"'11 

:~:. c v~r~. :· , "':·(. L, vcm~d 1 ·o:>( uo1icy :-mel 

1:90:1 d - 1c: "' ti :.·1::; t 0 L ,ssc:c .J 'fici'l.1s r:>.re 

TJ.lo,.;::'~,.; ...._-.->j,1C 'trs t ·oJ n· cri ticisJJ 01 s·llf._;. 0sti "S t o tl e us0 

of e.n ori8r uf -l)prc-;"..1 of ::- s 1e cif ic :>.. .... :.(.lr; •• 1t. Usv o.: ::-. gc ~.; r'-'.. 1 

o::cC.o r of "men 'm0nt n.:1C.. D. C.)!lt.i tio· '.l c r clv r uf -:~:n ·ov:-.1 · s de"'Jond~.mt 

uu.):r t h.; ~xtvnt of t~1 ~- 1 'Jc in1e..tiv ·. st2.t ... C:!'l t q.i.' ti.1 · oo;7~r . (*) I f 

bro~d d isc eti01 2.-r~r Ywa:·s "r8 t o b~ t fort:·. , it is su[;c;est ccl 

t:1at t ' .. :J :o7~ !" to t;en~., r.q11y 0.m,md l'd i clu lcd th.0rein. I n f:ldclition , 

t rn us0 of con·-~i ti ns shouhi. b0 1imi e~l ""·O t i.·..,_ t this 0x0rc isc of 

i.1,~ )0\7v:.· o; f:'.:: onL!nc:l t Tii11 b ..; ()! ~ r..1~r :rh~.~ tht- ~nh.,n dnon t b.;ars a 

relati<Jn t o r~ i)Olicy or· the _ct . ( **) 

Th0 f'.::1"lysis of lPb ~:..· ~rncl'..Un-..n ts cli rc l --:•5-.; S th ~ r~.;su ts f ~:" S 

l ce.cl.Jrs:li·') P..l cl. ·Jo licu of i!'Tor ')VO!k .. nt cf ln.-oo l.' -.,r evisions n.nd t e -- •• t. - ... 

adc.iti c:.1n of .):._r visi ons incor:_)or"".ti:.10 1P.C.J r JClic~r . I t -~ Dl).;ars from 

tn . tabul~. on s t:1!"t most 'l.mo:1dm--.)nts cf 1c.b c r p r ovisi:ms rol:1..to r~ t o 

SP<J c i a1 tJ-'1') -.) S of cr~)loyoe ; e.c. , 7a t ci.1n.;;n , p·_):_u r;nti ces, e t c . 'I'IlG 

number of cln:1!""e s of a1·e:rt :.-ncl GCCf.r!"._')~licP l r~.tt ... s of -o:>..~r discl oses 

~:e troub1 ..; encount a r a d by this fc:::m of .,.!..,_be 'l.nc h ·1::- ixi nG but 

e.lso sh:). S t 0 2~dvc.:1te.c:o ~fa floxi b l c::l cod0 _1 cvl.sivi . Its culc 

b 0· noted. til.-"t th0 rr.aj :..~it ~r of r evisicns c f TP.<.'l.Xirrrurn l··.urs · ermittcd 

a.1 i 1 crc2.s e thoreof "'.nc1 t _.r t .. ~ st _,f t:L !1t'n~L S of no~~ 1 mini mum 

Rt;o s r 0sul ted in incrJ"".s es. 

~he ~~e n, mo~t s cf c0Je a~th-r ty ~:..cv isi ons cov e r e d "".ll feature s 

O.i c ode Dt.Jinistrati -;1 . ·.:"'.ny :v-0::-0 brc1t_ht ebout by t:1e ~)ol cy :>:.nd 

rc[U1-?. t i r ns eb~~ c~ :1w Cvtle ~ut·L :.:i ties. _.,_r.10:1clmon ts r c la tir:.; t o 

contri buti "::s , e.sso ssm-;~1 t n , l P.belr , coll vc tio::. o: sta ti sti cs, l!'l.bo::.· 

anG. tro. ·'.e "1rC.ctiCc.; C)rrnlf' i:.ts crJ.11"1i~tC :3. c::.:1:· ::-:nvc. t :, the ACL!'l "nist :·e.ti ::.n 1s S'\JG__,c stio:ls. -(* **) ~"-~ confo::..·::i ._,_, -:..· r>.".'iti')n::1 c-l~IT'.l 

"")C'lC~c s i n r.m st cc.s c s r cn r o c:1t ecl L1 u.str i0.1 s1.tbcc_i··ti on t c r.ao .1;;1 

code ):C:.v i c i ) ... s ::.·ela tint, t r c c..e .... utho:~ i ti 0 s . 

T?10 ~unc:ad.m.:m ts whoreb., t: c u1 c ctim: ai..c~ mo.nb0:.·shir o f code 

auth" ri tie s v10re affected usually '"'.lfJ ctcd i l{:u.st:c::.r or trD.(~e rc· r cs ont?.ti "n ; -v . ;:__ . , subdivisions c.: LHtustrJ OJ." t ::.·!'l.cle , i.lon- !"ssoci".ti n 

u r OU:_J S, llnl. t.~.' f'.. 'e asso:::i:1.tiOi.lS . i .. 0 thocls r)f :1otico, b".11o t i nb !".nd 

(*¥) S". ?~:r t .. :·c lL:'v .. d , ...;·_ .... _,1t •· IV , f ,::..· c" iscussi'Jn r e . 

c nc.i ti "'::1S . 

~-., 

:l. u. . 
I ~ II 

I! li 

-1 51-

o t:1er me. t t ::.~s inci en t t o rno,:;tii·t_ s l il:ewi so were incorporated in 

such £> .. mtJnchn0nts. 

Tho ~n tent of t .\is :..·,n.:.; :ct ~-.. it :;. l',\/'·:::.·cl.. t , nm:.n<lmon ts of trade 

practice r"D.L,,s ,_i.<J ·J C n .: t justify :· l ~..;V[; lW'. ti n !"'.no_ conclusion. Tho 

purpos'-' ·:>f t11is ropo rt is· t u :) l~ "; ...:;:l t in ~! reliminary form , the problems 

of am.:mwncnts Jf cod ; s . The tr0:"-tr;;.'-mt of such prubl0ms is not adoq_uf'.te , but s~rves n.s e. b:"'..sis ' furtlh.H' study , nvcs ti gEt.ti o~l and 

r c·oo rt. 

9844 

~ 

I 

: i 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

' 
1. 

The outline of the stud.r (.: prendix ·ro . 2) sets forth in detail the 

various aspects of the subject of code amendments . This reJ:o rt does 

no t attempt to cover all of the sections of the outline. 

T~1e admi1 istrati ve details of procedure rela tive to the receip t of 

applications for aJTlenrunents, t he hc....ndling and routing thereof nnd all 

matter concerning efficient admi nist ration of t he ct for speedy procedural treatment uf amendmen ts t o codes; t he method of reference of 

amendments t o code authorities, cunsiderations ti1ereon had by various 

Advisory Boards and othel~ details pr ecedent to t he actual ap·proval or 

denial of app lications for amendment all micht r eceive further consider ation . 

As stated i1 Cha;)ter III , various limitations upon the power of 

amendment wer e set forth in codes, such limitations co1ferring upon 

code author ities and i ndustri es t11e right of origin and/or approval 

of the arnendment prior to ad.r;li r.istr a tive appr oval. This report has 

concerned it. e lf ~ i th t he b ses of po-rrer of amendment . It is the 

author ' s opinion that t .ne approval of codes wi th provi sions limiting 

the adninistrative po7er of amendment ma:1 hnve been contrary to the 

p rovisions of the Act, so it is ugs~s ed that study b e made to determine ', hether or not any l egisla tive li,ni tat ion upon such code pro visio1s woul d be desir abl e . 

Q,uestions of due pr ocess, .qlvn.ys B ~'ar t of ac1:tinistr a tive consideration of amendments , have not been co::sidered herein . Hearings , notices 

thereof , t he record and the sufficienc:' of all such matter s are of 

p rimarr concern to ~1 admii istrative aE:enc;r . It is sugbested that t h is 

phase of the subj 3ct be considered t o determi 1e v1hether or not specific 

rules and r egul ations r elating to this i"latt e r should be leg islativel r 

set forth (*) . 

Various problems wer e enc')unt ered i. l'egard to t ' e righ t of sponsor-

('ohip of amendments . The Acts id 11 trul~' representative" wi th respect 

to codes , but snid nothing about sponsors of amendmen t s . The aut ho r 

has conducted so~e inves+igation in regard~to this fundamental question , 

but suggests further study so that onc r ete evaluations and conclusions 

can be made . Some administrative rules and. r egulations 'ere announced 

( **) ·hich looked t o a ode authority as t he proper sponsor . 

( "') 

9844 

ro cedure under the IRA 

· ~ files . 

3A fi l es . 
-153-

The status of aprlications b:r individuals or groups and the right and 

advisability of administr0tive consideration thereof, with or without 

reference or approval by a code authority or an industry, are matters 

of importance to the subject of amendments. These questions are linked 

with the problems caused by code limitation of the power of amendment 

hereinabove mentioned. 

Procedure was adopted wher eby an application for an amendment subjected a code to reconsideration and general revision(*). ~nid method 

of review resulted in (l) issuance of better codes, (2) hesitancy by 

industry in the submission of necessary and beneficial amendments, (3) 

breakdowns of code structure and enforcement because of industrial or 

labor refusal to accept suggested amendments, (4) practical imposition 

of amendments. The advisability of such a policy and the causes and 

effects thereof are suggested for further study. 

MMy amendments related to the jurisdiction of the code. · Reasons 

for such amendments might be investigated in order (l) to determine 

menns of presenting problems of jurisdiction, (2) to formulate methods 

and policies of codification, (3) to ar·range a proper classification of 

industry, trade, products and services and (4) to prepare suitable 

definitions for future use. ~ther study should reveal important 

information bearing on these objectives. 

The causes underlying the amendment of labor provisions, particularly, 

their sponsors and the objections to them and the effects of the amendments are matters of interest and are suggested for 'ftirther study . 

. ----------------- ----- - - --· -- - ·- - - -- -

(*) Office Orders Nos. 73 and 86, NRA files. 

9844 
-.54-

AF!?EiDIX _10 . 2 

1 . Introduction 

OU1'LI1 -~ 

.lOR 

A..::N 11-::iTS 

1. 1 Obj ecti vc 2-:_c sc:.ne of the s.tudy 

2 . Bases in the Act 

2.1 Section 3(c.) 

2 . 2 Sections 10 (c.) 2.:1d. 10 (b) 

2.3 Application o"i' Sees. 3(a) , lO(a) ~nd 10('·) to · ecc .. 4·, 7(b) 

and 7( c) 

2.4 Legal asuect" o: ouer conferred 

2.5 Limi t...,tions, i: 2n.~; , ·.) or~ President 

3. Jefinitions 

3.1 Ordinary ·.e:.:inition 

3 . 2 Adminis t~·.-tive c' e:.:'inition - c:1c'!.nc_.,.es the:...·eo_ 

3·3 Disc'.lssion of rclc.tion to ter;n 11 ~1od. ific ,·,tion 11 

4. ~elegation of po· e:.· to a}Jprove .c?J'1endments 

4 . 1 To the ACls.:L1i st :· ~ tor 

lJ. . 2 To N. I .R. :S . 

4.3 Retentions of ·)o·:er by the President 

4.4 Delegation of joi~t po~e r 

4.41 A.A.A. 

4.42 F . A. C. _ . 

4.5 Delegation o:? ~)o.-rer by Aclrninist r "t.or or !.1 . 1 ~{ :0 . to 

4. 51 Divisian ... \.C'.:1i:::1istr '"'.tors 

4. 52 Terri to rid __ cLrnini strators 

4.53 Lir.Ji t .:-.tion c.:1d requirePents 

5. i iethods of "'J:e:~c':: ent s of codes 

5.1 General e:~ecr.t: ·\-e or adroini stret i ve orC .. er 

5.11 .Ar.:le~1c~.: cntc o: all codes 

5.12 .A.L1enC' .. ::m1t::: of mo r e than one code 

5. 2 A~~rov2l of s?eci "i'ic amendment 

5. 21 Inr~ust:;::· c.~--~-licat on 

5· 22 Labor ['.~)_JJ.ic".tion 

5. 23 Goveri!. 'entcl c. .. c ion 

5·3 Let;al diSCl1_SSi ):1 of :net!1ods 8:1:010 red 

5. 4 Code li~ait .:-.~ io: .~. s o· exe cise of :atetnoG. of rnenc~~ent 

5. 41 :i~ecessi t·· of c?sscnt oJ."' industry 

5.42 r on- ·."·i- e_· OJ.. constitutional riGhtc 

6. T es of codes su0iect to amendr.Jent 

6.l P .R.A. 

9844 

6 . 11 Generc~ 1 Ccessity of ass e:::1t 

6.12 Sub stitute{. 'revisions 

6. 2 Codes uncle:· Sec . 3( a) ~.nd Sec . 3(rl) 

6. 3 Labor 2.__;:.:e-;~:e~1ts · n er Sec . 7(b) 

6.1J. Rules ancl ::::ec;~,_} . .:-.tions havi · eff'ect of a coc"e 
- 155-

7 . . ... e, ~:' nl Ir! Ci1 '· .c··· ·c;, o:: ;·J.l codes b,r executive or E>.cninistr P.tive 

orC.Lers 

7 . 1 Furposes 

7 .11 Poli-.·, · 

7 . 1 ~ Lr' · ".it·-

7 .1 ) Cl c.:c ~ t y 

7 1f~ Rcr-.o-... .~ 1 o:~ C•J:l:::'lir•tr; · ·i th oF·.e;_' L-·.:s or .r;ove:nmental 

7 . 15 Ot':Cj_' ".:.:··.o.cn 

7 . 2 ::::ffects 

7 . 21 0 11 C~( :!'l.e-·.::1 corl_e sti"'l.Cture 

7 . 22 nl~:nr;t: · 

7.23 Lc-bo r 

7. ~4 co--1 s<r:.e:;.:n 

8 . 1~1.A. initiC'tion o-; r,.1e1:d..rnents 

8 . 1 ;cc:uses 

8 . 11 All.Ju :~ t . . er~t to pol icy 

3 . 12 Le.c;' 1 it~· 

5. 13 

8 . 14 

8 . 15 

~- . 16 

Coll.c ;•C.:.!i:nis'.:. ... ·Rt ion diffi cu lties 

Cor-~)1 i :-,:lee 

8 . 17 

3 . 18 

Enforce· 'C:tlt 

3.eco.-;:.i Jc io:1 of p rot est i ng 

Ove:·:L:-.:·; )Ll-:; c.e fini ti ons 

Cl ;-ri t -· ~-.!..__,_ o.·.·aft sman ship 

I 1lC:L'e- se o:: exemptions 

groups 

8 . 19 

8 . 11 

8 . 1 2 

8 . 1}_ 

!_·To:~ m.:scc'~)t:i.b ility of interpret2.tioa cf cocl..e p rovision 

G ec.'; l~ c~-}- .i c 1 reasons 

Sir...t i:'ic -'~ion of code structure 

8 . 1 ) 1 C:nr:)l i c"i.at i on of codes 

8 . 1}_2 Co::3olLi;->.tion of industry (j_visi ons 

3 l ~ -~ - - ., c .:.1 • - ..L< !.Ol.8.L O l.Le 

-~ 4 =-1~ '. :::_;eElcnt of sc ope of ncus'~l ~~" :D~sic Codes ( e..s 

(.,.; • • J- .:. • • ..,, 1· S 1

"e a., .r:or onn i 'ID A -"~ c ~ c "'o c' e ) -- u v .!. --;.. '-'- .L .:\.ti. ..) ,_.~ .L V L e 

3 . 11+ !'oL.i:.:'ic. ~i ~:1. ') :£' Go0e uthorit~r sst- '..l:_) 

3 . 1 5 Li .:it"ti··:- o~· enl n.rr:. e .. ent of ·Jo· . .re:.·s of Code Authority 

e~ 17 

o Ot'- "- -·-- .... -~ - . 0 -.. eJ. _; .. _.JO.Jt: ~ 

8 . 2 Gene1~a1 l·.i::c .sr~i n of 1T.3. .A. re quire~~ e:1t u~o:c appl ica ti on for 

C'.menG.mei1t o·,e·:e,-_ the enti re Code for c-.(!.1L1istrc-_tive study and 

revisi on 

8 . 21 P'l.ll' jJO s es 

8 . 22 ~~:~ ect s 

9 . AnP.lJ sis of '-'-:-:p l i catinn s for nmendments 2.:1c.'. :;~ 1ci. r· ents of code 

provisions ··it~~ :.·os:)ect to 

9844 

9 . 1 Code c'.e:~i ::.i ti m1 s 

9 .11 I m.·:u.st:::· Oi' r,uocJ.ivisions thereof 

9 .12 i:en-~c:. s o~ indnstry Flnd classificc-.tion '.;he::eof 

9 .13 st~ibltion ?~enc ies 

9 .14 co ~·::! c".itics 

9 . 2 Labor ·o 1·ovisi .s 

9 . 21 l ie,::i: ILc ~: o· ,_:_ s 

9 . 211 

s. 21 2 

9 ')1'7 •'- ) 

9 . 214 

:;.:or;--".1 neck pe riod 

Lo::. : :.:'.1 d.ay period 

vert:~:1e toler ance 

PG.:l: -.)e:ti od 
- l.SE9. 221 : Ol' i :·•.J. 

S ~:211 =~'), __ rly r a te 

S. ~212 Piece r t..te 

('I " 9 1"'" -. , 1 t ./ • _ .J e; e.: y r fl. e 

9. 222 Overti:e : ate 

9. 223 A:_:r·):·e ;:~ice rate 

9. 224 S!:illec. l' Lte 

9. 9 25 UT'iorl c.o:'ltr- ct r e te 

9. 23 Child l [>.JO r 

9. 24 pprenti ce li. it :- ti ons 

9. 25 Hanca c2~·)cc;_ ···or.:ers 

9. 26 st ~ndi:'l C'.s of s -.:et;-,- nnd health 

9. 27 liome :cr!c 

9. 28 Stretch- out 

9. 29 Scrip 2_)2..~ r:e :1 t s 

9. 21 Equi t I" . .Jle e~(.just ~.1 ent of wag es a·oove t :i.e ; Iinir.Run 

9 . 22 Postin.:.; 

9 -21 Collec·~i rc oc-.:;:coining 

9. 24 Li scell2:1eous 

9. 25. evelo~oee;lt o:.:" l c.bor p olicy '.7i th res.~.)oc t to '"'J.1eitcbcnts 

9. 26 Legal ospect s of l ebor provisio:l '"'·;enL e:1ts 

9-21 Evaluc.tion o:.:" :~:per iences 

9·3 Trade p r o ctice ~) l~ o7 isions 

9. 31 Gener:U :-:1cl:sis ai1d dis cussion oft:· :e -.:n· .ctice 

p rovi si o:1s 'JeinG g rouped a.s follO'"Ts: 

9. 311 Cc e:le :·.::-..}.1:' c:-ccepted in law 

9· 312 :)esi:·c."Le but not ful ly acce~)teC: L1 lc:-.\7 

9. 313 :Je si1·o."Jle but no basis in la'.7 

9. 314 nr~.e si :.·c.ble 

9. 315 Urle:1:~orci.ole 

9. 32 Price oli~ 

9.321 Price ~i::ing 

9.3211 :::i::ed p rices 

9. 3212 Lo·.·e st reasonable n rice 

9. 3213 ·:o .el nar k- up 

9-322 Price co trol 

9. 3221 ~oss leade rs 

9.3?22 Loss i~itation s 

9. 323 Open ):·ice s~.rsteJ s 

9. 32)1 I:-st i tuti on of s:ist em 

3. 3232 ?2-:..·tic·,,_lo: contra cts 

9-3233 :·et:_or'. of op0ration 

-ote : §or pur poses o: (.i sc, ssion bid dep ository s:· .. te .. s a re included 

un _er this su · cJ.i ·:-i si on 

9-324 

9844 

Cost ·)ro··isions :-

9-321.'-l s~les below cost 

(\ ..~ ) - 2' ;_ I 2 Qo:::;o • 1 e e t goo d s 

32L~3 :iJ: e r cency disposals 

321~1 .. Co~.r1eti ion 
-157-

>2~ .. '_ceo '.:1tj.nr· sy ::; t e ,ns 

s . ::251 ~:r occss Lt y of l.:c'~ OV ~. ~- l')l Ac~..: :inist at or 

9. ~2:~,~ Co··1pl e.:d t·r o.:: sy:;t o:-1 ~ ~·r;~ -. - , .. ·"='·f'l·C .. l., 'r-l· os .. [ ..... il-C"' ,'"' ,, .... t~on ~· • ~ • -' . -' J. .. '--·'- .., . (j . . ... ~ , , v :.J. . • c.. • -~ 

9.)26 ;- os r~ ,o r t i 21r; H~ ·ot cn s 

1 men&twnt s · Jl)l, e .A<J. ~lO l'i t~r ·orov i s i o21s 

s. 41 :i\G OS it ie ~~ of t:lGY!!'1J"K'nts 

g. 42 .AiJ Ci.1.~..:1e c :Z Ac ·Ging ri c::.!ts of Co C.c ..hut:.ority 

9-43 .iL !o·_,'..::o:c1ts ~'. fe cting o·oligntions of Co ::l.e Au ~1o ity 

9.44 AJ.1e:1cl.: :e:1t o i ncorp or a ting sug rest ions o..:10. regulations 

of _: \ .• 

'.' . l+S Le G\..-- '-·- 1 F"r vtl 9.46 Policy 

9 • 4 7 F u:2.n c e s 

g .43 ~c o~ or tion 

9.49 Tr · e ociation participation 

9. 5 Labels 

9·7 

9. 51 i.~cc e sit ~or us e of l n. bel s 

S. 52 ~·J:1 J o:_' ...-.. 1e nclments su~mitted 2. r to 

9.521 Co::.t::ol 

9 r: ? ,...., u , . • .J···c:. .._ O.L l c:r 

9. )23 ::!'L~c- 1c es 

53 T:-_.o es o: L1cnstries submitting ~.1Jel 2.:1e:1dments 

St ::>.tis t i c .:'.J. ~:. e-.) ~: t s 

9. 61 :S :~e c .. ~~:. --o-- o:;:- C::.e r of :December 7, ~; 33 

':;) . 62 •~) es of ~.10!ld::'!ents sub:.1itt ed .s.s to 

9.G21 ove 1mefttal r ep or ts 

9 . 622 Co(.e ... mt~writ.y reports 

8ondi ti on;'.l or c".ers of approval 

9. 71 A:.1e1:.. -J 'C:lt s subMit t -) d i nc orp ora ti n::.; coDc.i ti ons 

9. 72 nen"·~:e nt o 1a~lf; ing con0.itions 

9. 8 i•·ii scellc11eo:'.s co ·.e :··me::1dinent s 

10 . Peri o<i of a: .~en C.: :e;.lt 

10 .:1 :)ur:~.t ion of .:·_c t 

10.2 :J-ur a tion o~ J oc"- e 

10 . 3 r:eempo r c?.ry 

10 . ~- Er erGency 

ll. l Executive c-.nl . .:- ~'i istrf' tive orders of gener2.l p;o-olication 

11. 2 Orders of .- ~~ -) :.'OV.::' l 

ll. 21 8o0.e s 

l l . 22 A e:1·: .. ent s 

12. Procedure 2.s to ::- ~ :ents 

12 . 1 Ap p 1 i c ~:c i m1 · 

9344 

1 .?. . 11 st :' ' .. : e: ·ber 

12.12 nc~u st:i.· ·: rou~p 

1 ?. . 13 CoC.e J,..l _oj~i t y 

l ?. . ljl .: .ti nCl-1 

12 . 132 ~OC2.1 

12. 14 I ilstituted bj . 

~~ lln L :.,·.:u.stry :Divi sion 

12. 11!-2 Lcc;C'.l Ji vision 

l 2 . l l!j .'..C.viso ry boards· 
12 ~' ~ielC: o_fices 

12. 1-i-5 ot:1c r depn..r :1ents of ".J.: ..... . 1 2 . 15 Go c::n:.:c::.t etA; encie s ot :1e r tho..n -· · -· ·--· 

1 2. 1 6 Lc.".. or 

12. 101 r ·<.i -i d"L.al 

1~ 1S2 ~ou~ Ol eJployee s 

__ :.:: . 1622. U:"'lo ~arizc d 

l2. 2.622 Union 

12 . 2 Co.siee~-ti)~ o: ?P l i cr ti on 

1 2 . 21 :::;~ ·.e:""-'-t: 

12. 22 __ (I_ ~i :.o r:' ::Jor.r dG 

12 . 23 Re::;e.:>.-·c:1 c-.n<i Pl anni nG ivL;i .:>:. 

1 2 . 24 e~c~ ~~viGion 

1 2 . 25 .rG~:i::is'.:; :c.:-·'~ior:. 1.1e11bers ai:.i !Jo .e __ · .t>or it: 

1 2 . 26 Re--ie-:-· ]i ision 

12 . 27 :::::-te:_·~ o:.: onsil·.e~ 'l ti on b.. bo-:.· ·.~ , c··~c ., a :1d 

li· .i -~ ti .. as the ~e on 

1 2 . 28 :Ji ',i. si _.::. c ± .i:'li s t r," to rs 

1 2 . 29 r:i ::c:1 o:..

1

:.:ici a l s ar..d Pre si dent 

12 . 21 =:::te .. lt :>:f cor.siC.e rat i on of ori cf s '" 1" 0 :.:·,c'.. on 

1 2 . 22 Fie ~ o:.::i c es - . 

12 . 3 Due process :·cc_'\lirenent 

1 2 . 31 A~)~:;li <:-tion s ub~ i tted. t o :leE.:;: i :tlG 

1'2 . 32.1 ':::1~-=_) , fo r '"'l c: nd ext ent :J~ ·:~tir~c 

1 2 . 31 2 ? lc- ce of hea ring 

12 . : 13 ~e cor ~ of ~earing 

1 2 . 3 2 -"' ~! c.:- ti on s submit tc · to qn o:J -ry:,.· ~":_·: .. !:,y t o b e !leF~r .. 

12 . 321 T;;p e , forr:1 a.nd ext e:1.t o:: ·:ot :.. co 

33 :.??l ic<:-tion rece i v in6 no ~u.b lic cm:si -.err tion 

12. 34 C:ener;:-.2. l egal a sp e c ts 

13 . Final a ction 

13 . 1 Form 

13 . 2 .r ot ice 

14 . Anal y sis of ·IJ:;.· oc ec':t::.:·e 'l.nd. qe c onsuned i:::. -~~c ::.:-.:1c-:.ling o_ 8."Y::lications for 2 · ~e:1C~ ·e~1t s 

1 4 . 1 I ntero::ice 

14 . 2 ntrao~fice 

14 . 3 Fi el d of:.:ice s 

1 4 . 4 Jue p r oce ss 

14 . 5 Extra - ::.R •. refe r ei'lce 

14 . 6 Effec ·G ol _...,o_ic:· r -1ling s 

14 . 7 Protests 

l h . 3 Co. ya-iso::. -- ~t- _ :)r oced.ure 0.1. o~:1eJ.· ~o-re:.::y:el'.t "'cenc ies 

14 . 9 Causes of t"e.J..<:-.~ · 

14 . 1 Effec~G o:.: :.el<:-.:-

15 . Ane l ;rsi s oZ 2;.!e3.: ·.: :e: t s 

1 5 . 1 _,__.,e::,:',.l•.nt:; z--:J ·:..·~t~ 'J;· ;ri-c-to l=: o·l·~- s 

15 . 11 ::.: .. ~sctr .,. on coc:i.e 

l5 . l2 ::f::"cct ::; X Ol industry 

15 . 1 3 l 'l"uo r -, ..._ r\ J.. , _,:.__ecvs on -- 1 5 . 14 ~;:=-cctn 1: , on con su.":le rs 

15 . 2 .>1.r:enc !ent~ i : .. stituted by :: .R. A. 

15 . 21 =::cctG ~?on indust r,Y 

15. 22 :;£':ect::: :.l·:Jon a~o r 

15 . 23 L~:cct::: ~)on . 

15 . 24 ::::::.::ects \.:lon c onsu.Jne rs 
-159-

16. Subst:mtivG .J:i.'O .e .. <" 

16 . 1 .ihat rt~_ ts o:: ~_ onso rs 1i -' .J o:t 2J1enc'.:1ents s:1o1.1.1 :3. be granted? 

16 . 2 i1hat COil Si .:· ·ti''ll of ['l 1C!1 1.nent.~ sl1o-.. "Ll '-. -ue f~Ol'O.ed industry 

and li ' o:..· 'J ~. " _ ,_:.,_ . 

16.3 Shoul c". 10 · >o c : · of c·encral 0. 'l\.mcl,nont of ::-·.L!_ co6.e s be utili zed? 

lb.4 ·.jhnt :J rtici ~i n s: 01.J.lJ i m .. \:str r c- '.~ :1..-.Jo:· :l.:-.ve in the 

i SSUEt71C8 o: o:: -.Cl'S of { ;Gi'le l'al :J.' 1enc. ·o ts? 

1G . 5 t7hat L:i:t c.: ~tc- of rlue p rocess si· ..o·-.1 ; . -o c ,: \.~ recJ_ to ~· 1ill? 

16. 6 Shm:l cl. i.:-:. :.._ i :_s-Gi ·cu.te o.nendments on i ts o·.i;.l ·:otion? 

16.7 ~ffect o:: c- :c: C'~ .ents on p riorly <"'nteC . e::e ··~:·? tions 

(See OutlL1e o::. :;::;xemptions ~.nd :8xcepti 011s) 

16 . 8 Should fio l -. :~· ~i ces be g r anted p o'Jel' to .:-.:·1e11d codes? 

16.9 Shonl ci ' ~ .. ... . o:Jcn 0. code for gene r a l r evision u p on the 

su1missio:' of 2.:'!. a:•JlJlication for a s·Jeci:fi c anendment? 

17 . :Cffect s of , .. ~el1c"::c: t s on 

17 .1 Code s·l;r lCt''..:!.'C 

17 . 2 DeclareC ~~~~os s of the Act 

17 . 3 Large busine~ s units 

17.4 Small e:yccr·Jl'i se s 

17 . 5 Honopolies 

17.6 H.R.A. ~o licy 

17.7 Le 5alit ~r 

17. 8 Industry 

17.9 Labo r 

17.1 Con sl..lJ!lC:i.'S 

18. Ev a lua tion 

19 . Conclusions 

20 . iblio ap 1Y 

9844 
9844 

- 160-

. . . 

PART FIVE CO!DITIONAL ORD3RS OF AP'ROV 1 

By 

i:. '· . Chubb 
- 161-

INT?.Ol:.•UC:'IO 

Tne "Administr,cJtiv f' Probl ems .?..- 'view11 was s "" t up to make a r evi ew of certain k ey problems wt ich pr :sent ed ad.ministr8tive difficultier. 

during tne uerioci s of coif: formulation .1.nd r-u1.llinistrntion and to examine 

some of the method::; d~vel opf-d for tmnd l il1g them!' 

Such llroblems hai , on one ·unnd, to do with Classification, Overlapping r~~ fini t ions anCl iv:ul ti nl e Cod ~ Cov rag e which we r e fundamentally 

ini1erent in any attemot to codify industry and, on the other hand, to do 

witn )r0blems of n(i justment to developed policies, and of methods and 

machine ry for r Pconciling and ada~ting the administration 'Jf codes under 

tne various difficulti es met due to nractical conditions. This latt e r 

t •rue of uroblems gave rise tofue use of such dPvic es as Conditional 

OrdPrs of A~proval, Amendments, Exemptions, Stays and Int erpr e tations. 

All of che above n robl ems and also a collat e ral study of the 

subj~c t of Uncodified Industries are being r eviewed and ~iscuss d in sepr> r?.t e renorts. 

The accompanying tudy covers only conditional or0e rs of approval Rnd because of its natur e , does not, to any great ~g ree , tie in 

with the othPr studi e s, but in common with the general objects of all C'f 

these studies, emphAsis has b2en "')Ut unon an analysis of the exneriences 

during the code period uointing toward substantial guides for the drafting 

of new l egislati'Jn and nlans for its successful ~dministration . 

All aodes h;we been examinr:; d for conditions imposed in the order 

of apurovEll and the various tyues of conditions classified :in Appendix '

1 311 

herein . A r eur e-sent "".ti ve numb e r of typical cases hav e been analyzed as 

to, the function nerformed or a tt emu t ed oy the use of this device , its 

successes and failures, ;:md the l egal nroblems gene.r.qt ed by i "ts application . 

In Appendix 11 2 11 ·nP r eto will be found a detailed outline which 

was originally nr3nared witn gr eat c~re fo r an exh?ustive treatment of 

the subject. LacK of time and the difficulty of locating records under 

present conditions pr evented this exhaustive analysis of all cases, but 

anyone desi r i ng to make a r:r1ore corn11l e t e examination of the subject will 

find that outline and the r ef er ences biven to be v ery useful . 

The princiual phas e s of the subject that have important b paring 

as gu1aes in thf- urepPr. a tion of new l egislation Md subsequent administration therelinder, l ,,.ve be en pr epC~ ""d in tne form of questions and t his 

r ev i ev: has only attempted to coll ect data adequate to answer these questions . 

The p r e sen t sub-title embr a c es a r evi ew urincipally ,f conditional 

orders of anur oval of codes, agr eements and amendments as issued by t he 

President , the Administra tor and the NI!.B , but also to a limi t ed extent , 

conditional or ders of 8PDroval of minor administrntive actions by the . I 

AdministrPtor and by division administrators in such cas e as code 

authority electi')ns, by-laws, trade:> practice complaints committ ee .,, etc. 

9844 i 

l_ 
CHAl-' r.1E..1 I . 

ART FIVE. 

In order to obtain a proper ori entation for this review, it is first 

nece sary to exarnine just hat specific powers of approval were conferred by the Act and if the language be not clear, to go back to such 

evidence of inteiit as may be shown b:r hearine;s before ti. e Congressional 

Co11:ni ttees prior to the pt: ssage of the Act . ( *, 

(a) VOL TARY CODES 

Section 3 (a) of the _ct conferred po ers Qpon t~e President 

to approve codes vo·luntarily ap~lied for, av f ollows: 

11 Section 3 (a). Upon application to the President by 

·· * * * associations or groups, the President ma:r approve a 

code or codes * * * if the President finds * * * (1) * * * 

no inequitable restrictions or ad.r::ission to members'1ip "' * *truly 

repr~sentative ~ ***and (2) ***code or codes** * not*** 

promote monopolies or eliminate or oppress small industries * * * 

Provided.,. * * shall not permit monopolies * "' *; Provided 

furthor * * * nothing * * * snall deprive (certain) persons of 

right to be heard prior to approval * * * · The President~ • 

.a§. 1a- condition of his au·oroval of any such code , impose such 

conditions * * * for the protection of cons~rners, competitors, 

em~loyees and otners in furtherance of the public interest, and 

may provide such exceptions to ~~d exemptions from the prov1s1ons 

of such code, as the President in his discretion deems necessary 

to effectuate the policy herein declared. 11 

(b) PRESCRIBED CODES 

Section 3 (d) of the Act conferred power upon the President 

to pr escribe and approve a code m1der the following conditions : 

11 Sect"ion 3 (d) Upon his own motion, or if cor:~plaint is 

made to the President that abuses * * * are prevalent in any 

trade or industry * * * and no code * * * has been approved 

*"'* the President after * * * public notice and hearing * * * 

may prescribe and approve a code * * * ·1hich hall have the 

same effect as a code "' * "' approved by the President under 

'"'Ubsection (a) of this section . 11 

( "') In the quotations follo ving the undersc.oring of certain parts 

has been added b:r the author and does not appe<::~r in the Act itself. 

, -

9844 
:-163-

Section 4 ( o.) ..,;;f t:1e .t\.ct cs nf e rred pov1er uron t he President 

to enter in ar,re er.:e 1ts wi t b. , FJ.rllt .rp~1 rove:: voluntLU7 agreements between 

persons as follows : 

"Section 4 (a) T11G Fr es ic en t is aut horized t o ent er 

into asreements with , and to appr ove agreement s be tween and 

omong, persons· engaged in a trade or industry, l abor organi~ations , and trade or industrial organizations , associations or groups * * * if in his judgment such agreements 

~i ll aid in effectuating tne po licy of t his title wi th r espec t 

to transactions in or affecting interstate or for e ign commerce, 

and v:i 11 b e consistent with t he r ec,uiremen ts of clause ( 2) 

of subsection (a) of section 3 for the code of fair 

co:npe ti t ion . 11 

( d) L.ABO::t AG-REE, 1ENTS 

Sec tion 7 (b) of the Act required the President to afford 

every opportuni t ;-r to empl oyer s and emp loyees to establish by mutual 

agreement standar ds as to maximum hours, minimTh~ r a tes of pay and other 

conditions 0f emp loymen t and such agre ements when approved by the 

President 11 shall have the same effect as a · code ***approved by the 

President under subsection (a) of Section 3 11 • This implied t he power 

to approve. 

Sec tio n 7 '(c) of th8 Act conferr ed povter upon the Presi dent 

to investigate labor conditions in a trade or industry whe re no mutual 

agreement concerning l abor conditions had been approved under Section 

7 (b), and to prescribe a limit ed code fixing certain labor conditions, 

v;hich 11 shall have t he s arne effect as a code * * * approved by the President under subsection (a) of sec tion 3. 11 

Section 10 (b) of the Act conferred power upon t he President 

to modify any order, or ap roval issued under the Act. This establishei 

the power to approve or prescribe amendments . 

(f) LI-CELSIHG FEAT1JRE 

Section 4 (b) of t he Act confe rred po-...ver upon the President 

under certain conditions to license busin.ess enterprises. This power 

expired June 16, 1934 and was never used, hence no conditional orders 

were involved under it'. 

I~asmuch as orders of approval i n t heir i ntended effect and 

in many C'"l s.tz.£ their lega l effectiveness departed far from the provisions 

of the Act, it .is deemed important to anal yze t he sections outlined 

above carefully to determine just what was provided in the Act, particularly in Section 3 (a) and Section 3 (d) :"utl.cl? iz~ n 11 conditions 11 • 

9844 
- 1 4-

Considering S8ctions 3 (.!:>) nnd 3 (d) of the Act toe;ether, it 

is ap:!)arent that t1 e forn.er ,-as ir te ~80. to provire t e machL ery for 

voluntetrv codes alone and t e latter ·. · s intGnd.ed to provide the 

machiner- for prGscribed codes al(ne (::>ften termed i1;1osed or compulsory 

codes .) 

Section 3 (u) provided that 11 -ne·Fr sident ma~r, RS a condition 

of his a proval of ~"1·- such code, im)Ose !jUC co.1ditior.s * * * as the 

President in his discretion dee~s ~ecessary * * * 11 • (Underscoring added) 

It is very nv ident that this wording in connection with a code 

voluntarily applied for, conte1:1plated that conditions imposed by the 

President were conditions of ~1d antecedant to the granting of his final 

approval , leaving the voluntar~' code in a suspended state of effectiveness prior to incl· sion of or assent to the co d1. tio1 s imposed , and did 

not contemplate t . e authorizing of arbitrar y ~onditions in his final 

approval of any code voluntaril applied for ·without thereb rendering 

the code in fact a prescribed code . To preser ve the voluntary nature of 

odes under Section 3 (a), any such imposed conditions must necessarily 

have been assented to or included b:r dul·~ authorized sponsors of the 

voluntary code pr ior to its becoming effective or the code was a prescribed ode . 

It is evident that no matter what might be the impor tance of 

an imposed condition , the principle is the same , for it clearly would 

be impossible to draw any line of demarcation based upon impo:-tance of 

the imposed condition . It has been generally considered that ther e 

were no codes prescribed under the provisions of Section 3 (d), but 

codes voluntarily applied fo r and p~ r oved with conditions in the order 

of approval unassented to by the duly author ized sponsors must be considered as falling under Section 3 (d) 11 upon t he motion11 of the 

President . 

If such codes were approved by either the AdminL, trator or 

the ational Industrial RecJver• Bo~d ~ith conditions in the order 

of approval unassented to , the codes .ould appear to be legally noneffective because of lack of delegated power of approval under Section 

3 (d) . (See Chapter II) 

The only code ontaining imposed conditions in tne order of 

approval nhich appears to ha e had the conditions assented to and a 

further clear order of final approval issued, was Code o . 1, Cotton 

Textile Industry (discussed more full later herein) . 

Thereafter conditions , some of a vital nature, others unimpo rt ant, were imposed in many ordars of a:r-proval and the codes consider ed effec'eive by the RA as voluntar,' codes ~ithout the issuance 

of subsequent orders of final approval after the conditions were 

satL fied b assent or othen··ise . In many such cases (probably a large 

m~jority) the sponsoring bodies pro eeded upon the basis of the conditional approvals and oyganiz ed for aQ~inistration of the conditionally 

approved codes and thereby taci tl,' assented to the conditions imposed • 

... is prob ably legalized the approvals as voluntar•r codes although the 

'3844 
- 165-

effectivene!';s a s respectint,; il.dividu, 1 i11ciustry members might still 

dep end upo:1 t: d forn of au ~10r zation ~· iven to tl1e sponsoring body . 

Under Sectio.1 3 ( d) for codes cle!'i.!i tely prescribed by the 

Pre sident , it ·,··o ·.l d b e l.mli }·;:~ l: r ~1·. nn.: co .. ;li tions ... aul d ever be required in the order of n._t'~l rov .'1 1 sinc e the Fresident n 8cessarily could 

control ever y provision scrib e~ t herein . 

Under Section 4 (a) for vo luntary Rgr e ements entered into, or 

apuroved by t:he £ resident , no po•.v or to im~o ose conditions was granted 

by the Act since the refere1: ce i n Section 4 (a) to clause ( 2) of Section 

3 (a) was o .l:r to the requirements h~ eo . 

:Jnder Se ctions 7 (b) -md. 7 (c) for rrmtual a&re ements a."ld fo r 

prescribed limiten codes covering l abor conditions, no specific p ower 

to ::? ose co~d.itions W<l S gr anted by the Act. Such agreements or codes 

upon :p~.::> rov e. l had the same effect a s co de s approved U..."lder Section 3 (a) . 

Conditions in the an}:;r oval order wou ld therefore serve to render such 

a ; r eements nonef ective unt il assented t o , unl ess specifically prescribed by t le ?resident h imself. In the case of p r escribed limited 

codes under Section 7 (c) it would be un likely that an~r conditions would 

ever be required in the order of approval since the President coul d control ever :r pro vi sian p rescribed t her e i n . 

In support, if necessary, of t he conclusion t hat Section 3 (a) 

covered voluntar:· c odes only and Sec tion 3 ( d) covered pre scribed codes 

only, r endering codes a~proved conditionally by the P r esident, in f a ct , 

p rescribed codes, a ttention may v:e ll be direct ed to the int ent shown by 

the st a tements of Senator Wagner in explaining t he original Nationa l 

Industrial Recove r y Act on Mny 22 , 1933 before the Senate Committee on 

Finance as follo ws : 

9844 

11 Senator We!;?;f1er . * * * T;,1e national i ndustrial recovery 

b ill h~s as its si!:@')e ob,jecti ve * * * reem:() loyment * * * at "" 

wages sufficient to secure comfort and decent living . This * * * 

end is to be re acned by * * * cooperative action with in industry, 

encouraged. by l aw and sui:) e r vis e d b~r t he Presiden t for the protectioi1 of the public , and * * * expenditures for public works, 

* * * t he bill centra lizes authority in the Pr esident * * *· 

Desp ite this centra lized power, the emphasis is upon voluntary 

a ction . * * * tra de and industrial association or group to 

p rep are * * * f or approva l a voluntary code * * *· When such a 

volunta.r: code is a p roved by the President * * * binding upon 

the en tire trade or inc.u st ~r * * *. * * * no code shall be 

approved Ul1less * * * (certain conditions are met as to true 

rep resentation , no monopoly, no di ocrimination --embodies labor 

p r ovisions of Sec tion 7 (a) 

11 Thus far I hav e discussed codes which are voluntary 

* * * and it is pri:mar ily upon such spont aneous action that 

the bill relies. * * * :But if nny trade or industrJr canna t 

or will not cooperate in t h e forma tion of volUl1 y cod es , 

the President is authorized, after p roper investiF?;c.tions and 
- 1 

hearings I to esc1· ·be "' * * codes "' * * or if any t r ade or 

ind str ? voluntar ily e1rriv8 at ·ornu of the requir er:tents of 

a ode 1 and ne0 le ts ot1 ers I the .tresi lent rnn~- i1 n pr oper 

manner prescribe the e o t_ ers and combi21e c l l in o bene r a l 

code . * * * in absence of neeu o' general coue * * * pr ezcr ibe ali ited code dec:1lin5 01ly ·1it~1 (1< or conditi ons) 

* * * 

11 Senator Go r e . The tnree c·at ego r i es , w! a t nr e t ney? 

11 :;ena tor agne r . The voluntur:' code I n~ cOP"PUl so r J code , 

the licensing feature , '!hie! I will come t o , and t hen t he r e 

is the agr eemen t p r ovisi on . 11 

9844 
- 167-

I ~ ·.) • 1'1 -· ' ~ . T' I - ;-,-.-, 

...... ~ __;:--'.;.' ...J=-i. ~---='-~ _.d-_._.r· ~ . .:..::•c....'c.:":..::ili:::._c._· ~.:.::..:.:::..='-"-'=. " __:_ =::.=.....::..:=..:..::::........:~== 

P· :JE~ ' S ?3•:r .. :,.J.l8D? -- ---

T. ~e f _ rs t d.el e~;c ti un of <' :::-J)rc '.l :.Jovlc rs by ~1e Presi<.len t was 

:.1c>.c.:e ~, t . . e A,'l.l, ini str a t c r oy 2xecu t .=. ve c. .:: _er No . 6'.J43-A, Dec embe r 30 , 

1933 , EJ fcll ·s : 

" ( . ) T.~l3 G.)l'ro val o.:: C.Jde s c f fai r co ~:Je ti tion , 

v.ri ~ t>e cx e~j icn of c crles f o:- rno.j or inc.,_u.si..ri c s (bein:; in Gene r r.l ~o ~ e ind--..<.s tri es 

ncTI1l.::tlly em lo7i n; i n excess of 50 , 0 80 em-

,loyees) as so cl asfii'i ed by t::e Ar.mlni st .La t or f ~ l Imtust r i al ?.ec cv e ry t:Jld wi e:. ~1 e 

exce_Jtj.c:.-1 a:J.. so cf c.:ny c oc1_e of fair coDpe titi or. 1 ._~ oseJ. unr.e r sectir;n ) (d ) of sai d 

title c..f the act. 

1

' ( ) T~ 3 <:.7 Jr -ve.l of cny amendr.1en t or Lnc· d1fi CC'.-

t:.::n to , exce)ticn or exem_Jti cn frc.:t , or . 

cL .. :inn ti cn .;f t·ny one o:· more :;_:> r ovisicns oi' 

anv coc.1..e of fai r com]e t i ti on . 

II (3 ) Eot~1i:1 0 '1er ein c cn t c.inc... cl .. 2.11 be con tru.ed 

as a;. endint; ~' :._J r evi .JUS ·'.elo.;a tions ')f 

)ewer to any c t> er -_) c; rt~ .. ent of t>e :?cv erni'.len t . 11 

E;~ecutl e Or cJ.2r N c . C:4t.~;:) , ~~ z.. ve~'TibGl' 22 , 93::.~ -lelegatec: :9ower 

t 0 t: .e Ac~n::.. ni tr tc r t :, :n::..,·d.fy , c> r ~rC' t e:x.ce~ t1 cns t o or exempti on s 

f r o.1, c.;z·e3 nent s u.n:l_cr Tl t l e 1 , LeD ~1 r t "1ereaft or entered into or 

a))r: v e0. by .le ?res 5.c.ent . 

::::xecut i ve rc1 r No . G5 90-A, Fe"Jruary 8 , 1 934 , deleL,at cd :::'ower 

t ') t >e Ac"'...-.E .L,tra tor t o ~) 3s cribe rules anci. re:;u l.s.ti cm s .;cw e rn ing 

a.aenc:,.~ents , E~J:.Lf:i. :.1ns , exeo)tions, exce:9 t i ons anc!. st a:'s :=tnd 

~~ er f orYc!s of 1·eJ.ief f r c.-n c:. _··~:J ecl codes. 

Executi v e :,rr-~e r No . 6750- A, June 27 , 1 ']3-1 , <.lelesated )ower 

t o t "-1e ACjn .. nistr ator t o ente r into c..{::reements unde r Secti cn 4 (a ) 

wj_ t~ ~ erscns enc<.;.0 ed i n trade or in(.lustry in Puerto :-'ico , · :awaii 

and. Al c. ske .• 

Exocut5.ve SrcLe r lJo . 676~ , J une ~9 , 193~ , dele_;;:.te,: -, wer of 

a·)')r •Jv c-l a:f c o('Le s cov e rinG i n be:1e r ..... l f oc'-1 indu tri e"' jointly t o 

t>e ~cr ary of A.:·.r:..cul ture Gllcl t __ e A<lm:.nis trc:.t or exce~ t :.iajo r in· 

d"i..lstrio3 en c~ )~. s i Jl~·:-s ecl unde:. Se cti on S ( cl) ancl lso clele.::;e.ted 

•Y~ wer of a) n·~vc>.l of e.menclr.1en t s , Gtc . t o eE'. ~l for e codes ac.unin98~4 
is ter "'L by oac. 

t i n ;i -C!. t r t 

8-

re s::.> cct-!. e1· . r.-::... :-\.- :.· c_".~: 1c· t:lA broarl de"' 

c Ah r~L:t ... ·,1t) -~"1 r' 8r ::x .c lt· ve :Jn en· !.io . G)t1:i-A. 

::C.:~ocl: j. ve G.t.dc.r j"·J . G.3::J.: , 'e·J t n· ' t<;:· ?.7 , 1n;:r . , J.',....dele:;c"..tcd , '· o.1.; 

ot· er"' , ~ 1 o.,ers o• "l~r• <'.l t .e: trf;;r:. cle'2.e~,~ .e~ tJ t:c Ac1.:nlnist l'<.'.to _ , t o t:'!.e ::. :r' ~ic :1r- 1 ~nt us t :.·i .j . · ec -v c _ · .., r rrl. 

~J:ect t~.ve C·::c er :~o . 6999 , ::c.rc.~ 30 , ... ~ 3:3 , :::- ,cl.el ·~ ".te·1 al.l )f 

t: c nr.~ti·.:.., an·1 :""VIer .. , vrit:1 cert-lri S)'"'C~f~ecl cxce·.ti::m";) , f r on 

t .. o Sec_~Ptpr~:- r.:. A.uricu.l turc tu t:.3 ::ct. nol :::nr1 '.£" t_~ ial :tee._ very 

~·l -riJ .. . ;.~C;s 'ect t0 five S~)eci .. · .. e r}. f')oc' incluc-t::~· c-v e~ . 

8-..:<: 
-l f>9 -

Cc cle l}o . J. , Cot ton Tex t ile Indus r~r wc:.s E\l).;.)rov ed by t he Presi dent 

July 9 , -) on rt een conditio, .. s whic:1 er ~ immediately referred 

t c, t .. 8 I 11du..:; tr:' , c.ss ented to, or s e..tisfa ctorily adjusted. and t~1e c oncl. ,_ t irJr.al::. y t ))r oved code amended acc or d ingly. Prior to t~1e de s1gna t ed 

er:,.'ect1ve clLte , t::.e Pr esident 1ssueJ. Ju)y 16 , 1933 a furf 1er :S :~'3cutive 

C!: J er i n 

11 It is orc,e ec~ ~_ at ~1 e c onrLti: n >e re tofore 

!l~):. s ed a s t u t~ e terrainatL.,n of a z )roval Jf 

t .10 Code is nov1 'IVi thcl l~a\ m ancl_ that 1e Code 

of Fair CoD)et l ti on :or ~le Cotton Textile 

Inc'.-L' s try i s fL a lly ll~) roved wi 1 t~ e co·1dit ivn s so _·r o:)c secl, as set ;_· rt> i n Sc~.i. edule 

A <1 ttc:.c_ec . 1e reto 11 

T::.i.s ac tion c onfor;ned l iterall y t o !e ch.:.use in e 1e Act , 

SectL .n 3 (.::..), 11 T>e Pre sident m.J.:' , c.s a c ondttion of 1is apj;:> r ova l 

of .:my suc·.l cocl.e, i..T_)o se suc~1 c onch ti ons *** as t;.l e President in 

h is eli screti on d.e eus necessar y t o ei'f ectua te ~~ e :)ol i c:; h erein decl arecl. 11 Cs cle . 1 t~ le:.'e ,_: l' G t n.,;.ne1..". Cc ::m.:'el y v ol u:.1 t a :ty s t a tus and 

was effec ~vel~r )r ve l un ·.~ r SGct.L.. .. n .j (F.) of ~~e Act . 

Co cle Ho . 3 , ·Jool Te::t iJ. e In·!_us try, was t2.1e next c ocle ap oved 

c onditi ':lnc.llu' • It was a))r over. J "L::_y 26 , 1933 by the President on 

c onG:.1 ti Jn t ::at 11 a ·ao ol Text.ile L1..l.ustry Co :,ll1li ttee be created *** 11 • 

In ,_ s C2.Se (1.s early c"'.S Jul y 26 , 1 933 ) ap:?a ren t ly t :le literal 

me .ni n:· of t l1e cl ause of e Ac t, of Sec ti cn 3 (a ) qu:> ted above, was 

l ost s i::;::.t of , e.ncl t: 1~ s Co cle was b y t l1e terms of t he OrG..e r in a 

st a t e of sus )end.e ~ al)l)r oval un t il' the condition was co :11~9 lied wi th . 

Coue liio . 6 , JJace L1anufac turing Industr y , c?.:p)roved Augu.s t 14 , 

1933 by ~. e Presi fL en t on c -,ncli ti on 1a t e. Le.ce lilanufc.c turing Industr, · (Code Aut rity) be el ected. Code Histor y stat es C.? . 27 ) ti.1at 

t~l!'ee cl.2.ys lc:.t er tl e intlustrJr wit>_ 90~ :qresent :t eld a meeting to 

elect uc:~ l c ommi ttee, t i.n .. -..s at sf: in..r; t he cond1tion . 

Code No . 12 , .?l1o to_;r c:tl)hic i1lanufacturinc; Indu!?try, appr oved 

Au;ust 19 , J. S33 b;,r ~1e President on condi t i on th;;:.t a Elr to:,ra:;_):. ic 

anufacturi~g Committee be crea ted .• -is c ondition r:a s not met 

1..mtil C·ctober 30 , 1934 , ov er a ye['.r l a t er , p}X'..re 1tl :r· t :-:.r ou oJ.l misu.nJ.er stand in; t ::..e.t t "1e required corruni t t ee n ecess i t .?.t ed an election 

and.vvas ne t sat isr ied by t:1e gr ou:) of s ev en .S._)l)O c. .:-ts ti.1e c ode 

commi ttee . ~: e let;ali t y of nn i, ::t.n.;; ~~ e c.A e eff ecti v e a s a 

98t1£ 
\ 

vo 1 ~.:~ c..r·· co· c: 

" { i ort:v1t 

- 170-

vo<.'~... o . 1_ , .. ~Li· ~ · :;, c' -:_ ,. r~· ·r: t; :.·· --r ~ )_ :.·ovct'. A-1 · :tst lS , 93) ·r +:lc ? .tc s ic' _·;+ ~· -,_:..;~ ct t ' . ' .lliJ;. I •• . r ' tL•i:· .. -· .'"le2: t ~ent II s soon ['.S 

"' r~ctic~'J1 e II 0. t A::; so v j ..... ~.) • ·.,. ·-1.:. L' , i c:l . , .. , :;.· c ~- · c :: .... lict ··i th 

Section 3 (") ( .) o:: -G ;lC .:-.ct . : ·:·.:.ifcs::'- J. ' .~.s co (e coul.c'. r..ot il<ve been 

~... ·<1 \/ ~ "' ''0\ C'(. ~11'1 ,..,_ : 1 c t i ·rc .':·:'oj j J. 

c·_"'uci "ic :--c '11i:.·c 1.:1ts o: ~ 'lf. _·ct . 

Coc c ~o . 1 t , :--_,-.o~ .~.1 C. S--:~t.' ':ltic Y::t:.·:. ;:~nuf~ctu:..·in" L1c',__st ··, 11 ;.~J:_:- :::-ov e( Au us·i. 2 ' 1.; 3J b~' tl:.o ?re8i(c::t of the conc'i tion , co;nli "nee 

··it; ··:.ich i < h e :..·et-- :.·enuir~...( , th<t :N.yorts s:1.".11 be:" :tnishec'. f:.·o:-1 ti:-1e 

t o ti 0 to t~ C _:.,..( li)•ist::c"to:.· o·r e.".C11 rnrplo: er 11 CO~ce::ni'rl-~; J.c·.bol' in:orn['-

ti ~: . ::--.;-!ifc f>t".: , c-"ilurc o: ,"r..._' on.:>loyc:..· to co.l~Jl:r .. ith this conc'ition 

t. ti ~e '=-' ' c; t:"o cot"0 lc.-;."1.1:~ :.. ever~ to r- st.".tc o: "'UsJenC.cc'. ."_'~ro

. .... L • 

':':.c :.· u i ··, no eviC.enc o th,t this conc.i tion "C.s ·et ['..t <n~ ti. .e .1ore 

t1." !! J:: e::::-0 --cci t . ... :"~t o·<> tr-ns:li ttinJ; ,. co_)if.. o-7 in:o:·:-l<tio:t~ e::ch."nccC. 

:o .. t l.l-- .on · onl·· :.::n :..· o:<- ti.lc rL~_ci_:<l :-1!"i:1.f."ct1..rers rl;.o·.·in.=; •-.;-.r·e 

r!" t cs. ~. in ·:<".-:. i:~ !10 s ense r. J.'e··;ort. ( Sec Coc'e Histoj.':' .:_)~) . 161- 162 . ) 

~~1e le. ~" l e::-~ cti·.r •. :r c ::-s of t. e coC.e co1.:.lc~. hovo o~cn ch:.lle~-eeC:. until 

:· c_" orts · ·c:.. e su~ 1·1 i t t ec". oy e<ch e: :_)lo~·e:..· in "CCOl'C.r-~ce · •i ti1 tl1e orC.er of 

[' ~: '0 .... 1 . 

Coc"o .. o . )1 , Li.1c In<':ustr:r , ··c r·_-:.'9:.·o c{ Octove:.· 3, .]33 1:>y the 

:?re~i:'..rr..t on concition U1rt the As,.. ocir-tion rJe; .. C.. its by-lc ··s. This is 

:..· ~ :('l't,J +o :1<vc ::: c·. s<.tis::Oic·.. Si:: 1e>·:t~1s lc..ter <:-.n r 10nc'_1ent · ·c-s 

r-p -:-::ovc.c". .h.p::il l , :'.~):, , ··it1 c::tc:1r-ive cor..c'it ions L its orCe1· of 

<:::>·oro [.1 >."rti "11: <' : ·:..· ccC'. t () i.\ - t. e inC Ll'-'tr~· O'"S ~)<.:.. ti['.l.l:~ ret;c.rc.'.ed by 

the i·1c'.us tr:r < s eli i~~< til::; t :.c ,- er i:·cc" inc, usio':1 of )rovi sio. s £'.bsolu telJ 

nc. coss[':c:r for _p~:o::=:cr (_Jir"ist!.'<'. ~i n of t .c coC:.c . Yo r-ssent to the con-

{i tio:."' J.. t:1e Oj:C.e:..· ~ C'.)_-:- :;:ov:.l )j_. t;1c l'.."1C.1C .1cnt p·:::._JC.".rs fro1.1 the 

-·ccorc.. 

Coc'o ro . s, , tC1('1C:.t to L1.:1or l' - ~i lbcr ?:..·oc'uc:s. Action 

Octobc:..· , C3) "J:r t:'~e ?rcsi-·cr:t . T!.is is not;, con~'ition.:'..J. orcer of 

<' . :·o" , "b 1..t is citec'. r'.s <n i:.st"nco of <n ineffucti e r:;,-)rovr-1. ( See 

··ou::1c" ~-ol-... .:: e I , ·::- ·c 705 , Coc.es · o; :::'"i:' Co 1~cti tion) . The FreaiC:.ent 

:.r'"' ::c:..·c ~er ):· C'i '!lC ;- :·ccO'l ;onc'..".tion ('.(~{ resscc' to hi l o-- the Ac~1inis

t :..·<".to :r. 

8oc.c :·o . r- ' , ~m.:-=- ~!lc"'. ?eli s 1L.:-~ ·., 1eo1 Inc". st:c:· , '"£'.S r._J :.rovec ·oven-

"";)o :..· l! , ) ::_; --0~; :he rr c., i ccnt o·1 COi".Ci tion t.l['.t one of tlle unf".il' tr2.c'.c 

_') ::-." c ti c. e :--lles be r c lct oc'. · .:!. c~1 c~l1ec'. :or res.".lc _Jrice :J".in t eno..nce . 

r:_ :.·c <. :c.~;:s t ) ~) 2 -.,_o e·;ir--:. nc~ of <.ssc:.t to tl1is r"e1ction oth e r th<n 

~"cit L s r .::::". L1 h0 or ·['~1iz~.tio:-:. ":.c'. .-w1ctionin~; of the co e :u thori tJ , 

···:.i ~: · '[' s tl. ~ ::;:.·~ :t: _)_ s_ OI".c- o:.·.:..:y ; thr cor-.e . 

"oC:...e ::o , 12:= , U::1 :olstc:..·~; <n( :Dr~ ;,cr~· Te::til.'J In~_ .. str:· ''£'.S e~::;·.:;rovec'.. 

·.·o- ,.,,- ~ ..,7 1 o )-- ~)- ..... c :::>rec·iie,.,J. o· ro'"~;J.·t~o'" t·1,.t ce'·t-J.· cl~sRec: of ... . .. .&.. ' • _.1 u u :. - ' " - - .. --"' -- - ... ... ~ -· ... .t. (. - -- _, • ,;;:) 

,: :!"."tf~ct ·r:..· co-..·.1· e lect r..ot to "we "0o1..nC. u_"'on notice .::_~iven ··ith <. 

c i· en t i :c li.1i .... (~-- !.· ~: te!Ied. to :Jecc :"Jer 23 , 1533 . ) I nC.ust:rJ 
-171-

; ~:r--a.re.! tl:- c ,!si:.·ec' t.hls C·Jn~- i t::.on · ·: :i.•::~1 1r(9 it ·:;o f si ble ?o:.: ·tllen to ge t 

r: coC e , ..... 1( ,· lt!lC'UJl. V.,c cor~/if:ion. r , ,( ".:· ::.ot ~o 1mvc been S)ecLic[l.lly 

r:.:ssenteC' to , tho a: c"n.:~zatioTl ~-- ;···::. <"' ti(l ~l of t11o co re r'uthority i::.19lied 

tt:'.ci t r.ss er:t . 

I 

CoC'.e l"o . 1'- ~' , c.~· ,_.".!It.f' ~L.:.:.i..·r .~ · T· :,·,·.r.-t::~- , ··n..; ['J:'"•:i.'OVeC.. Tieceob e r 15, 1S33 b:· t :1e P::e.,j(c_,_:.t · iJ~·;_ -c--.-~) J."l<-it c~j· · , t'.e ::;o con ·~ :.·eq_ui:;.·~ nc subnission o: strtistic~l L1:~o:i.' !£'-.~-j_on t r> J.;J. · .• T~r:.·e r ·-.·_- er.rs to be no J:ieco:cd. of 

assent to e 1c: co:·J l.'~ ionc i ose(. -u"L'.t ~- :,· ·i3o -::-. 'w:·c is no :·ecorC. of obicctio:n ["..n( t::(; co r t; aut-1ori·t~' e lec tion r'.nd.· o:'? e r[l.tio n l ent t c..ci t assent 

to the c or:( i tions, i n t~o o~~c~ of ;~ rovrl . 

Co·c,o Ho . 2? ~: , c.;. ~l et nC :2tlG iie.nufc.cturinc_ InC.ustry, ·:ro.s .~::.:9 rovecl 

.. -:-r-:1..· ·~ -- :· ... ~: , J. ?3' ~ b _• t he Pres iG..en t on con'~ i tion thnt n. _p ro vi G iou cono:·~ ~'l: · 11 volw ~· rli.o.-.<'.n c e 11 oc "'tr ~roc, __ ~~E::nc. inc; f,_ut}ler investig,'~;t;i. ori . ·. 

~n~lif. ••:'s r".o;.1c o!"_ c-.ccm:tllt of oy?osition 'rc-.is cC'. b .. ' ouyinc sy.nc._icn tes nn G.. 

··:b.o 1.os.rlc• i"'tri -\lt ir.. ~ or{;£- ~iz[>.tions . Fo infonJ2.tion is avr.il0ble 

c..:1o ·in.:; i:y~-~.wtr:' :;.·oc.c t io n o:;.~ c:.:rl.y assent to the stc:t~' · 

Cote Eo . 2)G, Co ol :L 1:· [1.nG. neatinc ~y li c:m cc !c::-. nuf r.. ~turing I nd.u.stry, 

"'C'..S .:-._p·;rov c·:_ Ja:rH.:-.r~ .. 3C , j.931.~ b:r t:1e AC..Dini str<'. tor on conC'.i t ion th2.t 

t he -a~ tL1C --;e::.·io c:.. bet· reo:1 !'ilint'· of :;; :cices <:'ncl t J.1e i:;.· effective date be 

s t2.:·ed. No :::·ceo:;.·,- ~ •c.s fou~c'. · of i ·flc'.us try c-.ss ent to thi.s :? rescri beo. cone' i tion. 'l'1

-tC Ac, ~_ !i .n istr <" tor l s C.ele:;t:'.t cc y o, ·er s-rJ cci:"'icrll:r e::cluG.eC. a:9-

~~:;.~o l of ::-:·· sc .: j_-u.:;r~ coc.G? • T:1e effec t iveness of the e-:?~0 rovc:..l of this 

cc ~le , ·-ri t ;.J c. co . .-J i tion , '7<.s t 1ereO::a r e su'Jj ect to chaJ.lenc;e until the 

co~(itic~ ~s asrc~tef to . 

Cod.e l.o. 258 , Ccst- I on 3o iler <·nc:'. :::'..c.ll.~c.tor Inc~ ustry , r_ras 2-:?:;Jr oved 

:Feb:."\J.r :;."~' ) , lS3) ~ o:y t :1.c ~\c'nini.st c: tor on conc'.i t:i..on t h0t the :9 rovision 

cove:cL1t; l.'C'St'.l e -~ ri e ·;c.int enr..;.1ce be. C.ol otcc.. Th is ·1as sto..ted to be . 11 a ve:;."~r s c:;.·ious , l o· · t :) t~1e 'O"')O::; of the 5.nc.us tr~r t hr.t cut- throat ccr.roe- ~ -- ._ - t itian --o,J.}_ d. be- ro2to.l~c' r". or ."'..rr c::-.t co .• 11 (Co('_o History , Peert I I., :9 · 17) . 

~T o F~sscnt t o thi.s ( .. e l ct j.on ~-L·o·J t he coc"e <:'.s r:)_JroveQ. r the inc.ustry 

ny-~ eo: s to b e :~ l' 0cort' .• 

Cor·e Lo . 3)0 , Scrr::;; o! , :~on-~e:· ::. ous Scr ~o iie t 2.ls 2-nC. ·:.raste 

;:r:.terir-.ls Trate , -·e.s ~-,~~ rov cr.· b:· t :.1e Presi c!.ent Iia::. ch 12 , 1931.:. on concUtion t:1at D. l' Erco :r·t -u e :r e_c.; no t 1C'.t c'! :' t!lr:.n Go c.::.ys <"".fte r effective c".0te 

. •:i.1ether S"..1 ~j-G ':l8ntr' :i.'Y CO O.e ··ras neC8"'SC:.ry for thE' 11'.Jaste :!?ayel' .Tr2.c:.e . II 

:::'hi's c~.J ort · ·2-s r ece ivec.· :r'r o11 the co c1c ·autho :ti t :· on A~ ri l 17 , 93l~ 

:;.·or-:1?-esti ~L.; ,-: lwo :i nr; on ::. ro -.:· osoC:. SU:9yl ene:'lt a l coc.":.e . HencG , assent 

t o the c'o.nC.i tibn · •o..s i r.:.p l iec!_ by con:9li 2.:nce tllcr e'7i th. ( Co clc History p . 

lS) . 

Co C.e l-o . 354, S:-:r.l 1. Ar:Js <.n( A.r11:1unitio;.1 r·nnufr..cturi:fl[; In0.ustr~-

'.78.s C' ~'J~~; j_~QVGC~ o~r tllt.:: ~IJLliS tra to:· Sl ~bj c c t to conC:.i tions ( c!:lonc; others) 

th2.t t~H'. · 11 :leL"..c;e tt clo.:u s e doa l inb · :it:1 :'lon- ,r.iver of constitution<'.l ri.::_;h ts 

anc. rwn- co::.s ent ~:.o 10•.- }.f ic~ £'-tj_on s -"'e eli:linat eC . Urlt i 1 t~1 ose conc5.i t.ions 

·;er e ass cntoc_ to b~r tho L1C:u.str:r , the co c",_ e ·rns in r. susy enr",_ ef state of 

off ect i vcncs s < s <' volunto.ry co C.e 11n t or Sc-!ction 3 (["..) be inc O..) .. ' r ov9d only 

b:r the Ac.:1inist.rator · ·ith conc,itions, rn1-. -.. hose c e]_e.-:"tec:. ·r.:uthority by 

E.-ecntive Orci.er S).~ ci fi .:->J.l y c;~ ~~J tcc the ~) r to ~J rcscrib e cotes. 

SG44 
1 ,.., 

-- -

CoC c :~o . 3,.. ' , ::':·c:."o:;.~ 1ef ?·· ''.f· tic ?:.·o{uctc; 1:.-:t"· s '.;:· ·, • '<'.s ~ -~ :.:ovcd J. • - • • J. • • ,_. , - ' • t ' . . t + t' . . • .,! c c :1r 1. :" · o::.~ . . :-_c.~ "-.J , •• ._}·T · 1 ,1. · crn:cl 1or. · ~ , • c ·;.:·ov1. 1ons 

~ c r.t<'· cc" co: cc<:Lir: · " . . ..,i i · -, -·:..Lior". 'Jet cc-1 tl e -~i1inc ··nt". c"fective 

c'rtc o:: ·:.:· j cc l::':Jt . So rn· ·.s ~: .' )' n , i•: .'\.''1'·:.::· l iC:l1 c:cs ~-it". !:Ot oojc .... t 

:o t .. is st":·, l'' · o: r :iz".t i ~- ""!:t' o -.:_·~~-o"ls o:: '.:..1c ccC.c r>: t.:'1o:cit:r 1nnt 

rcit <'!:~ ::-.t t..; .:;h ~ co (.:. " ,G l' . .-;. ::.~ovcc~ ·~ t:. t~ c cor~.-itions . 

Co C ··o -:'" -;:.., , ·~ "~ · ... c' -::··o""o -;"'1.,.. 1'1 ... In ' • "tr·r ," .. _..>_ ..... -J.OVet'. i . • ,.~0 ·. 1 - -•Ov --> ... ' •-.lC . . • ! • IJ 1-Jc .,,_ .• ·_. · ·' ~ " , 

.:~ rc'1 .) , lS)4 , Jt::..t ..,~· t:e ?rl.siCc!:t ··,:t.1 r.!'l ic"..cnticr".. c n<".ition ~nc" 

1 i r:..· r0rctio~1 o[ ,;,nr··l..st ... y :.s ·u.nc.c:;: coC.~ :~0 . 359. 

o· 

r:::! c: 

t.~.1e 

Coc'e ro . 

. . <'rch .::6 , co tr;· ." ') 

-"'1" )JJ, 

1)]l.r 

neve:.~ 

_:et~ i1 · ·o:!uncnt Ir. '_n£t:..·~· , < _J J. ovcc'. ":J; · tl';,e Ac:ninistre.-

it.l C'~1 i .cntic·l. eon:ition to t . .?..t :"'o:r Code ·o . 3:) . ,_ i~teL' . o J. cc0 C. o"' "·s r.- en t o :;,~ o b J c c t io:r. ;--:~ .:9 c<.rs. 

Cote ~:o . 401 , O.:- c r Inr':u..str , ··,r· '.~ j' O ec' A_n~i_ 2 . , 1934 <.n6. in 

orC::.c:.~ ~~er·· e::tc'l"lsi c conr:'. itio~s ··c:..·e _) }_" eec' .• ' . 

Asse·'!t ''f'.f:. r;i l.:r. ",)·· : ie:;be:tr. o_~ t~·.c I :"l<'ustr:r, ·but 'l..nc.cr -crotest tlm 

nc· Ar ie1c V!I c·~-~·ct.:"l ; r:..~o· i io:r:"'; "T['.S "i J~.,ose(. 11 on the Incu tr~ , in 

letter~ 2s :~ 1lo ··s : 

A 1c:i.~ic~n :~c~~l Co l~-. _112y 

A:'!l'CC'~1C 2 Co:·~- .):t : :i:".i: . .r: o : ·.rr::' 

Ym·.eco+,t Co..,"'cr Cor.or<'tio:1 

Phc1~s ~oece or·or ~tion 

Fi c ot!1ers o:. C<' ,c s 

·-o t· ·i th C\ t<.n6 i: !" t: .ec r ~:.~o tcs ~ G , t :r~c 1 C!'lbc:.·s o::' tl1 e I ~l·_,_. s t ry ~- :~a c eec1. ec'.. 

··ri ti1 tile o:~ ... ~izl'.tiun o .. thei::.· coc" ':! ['.~lt';.o:: i t" "n~· r>G1e:·cC to l'.ll o: the 

:; :..-o· isions o-~ th.:.; Coco , t:u.'s th..: c . .l:c:':iJJiJ:".': in +:1 ·; o:~r·c:t of r·o-o ro <'1 

' 1<',/ be eonsicercc". to-~ ve eccivr ,, J.r.tcr 5. o 1.ie<'i. :-c;se~ .t . 

- COCLC ~-o . ) . e, i :1(("1' ·~:..~ 'Y' t r· :r;/ ~c ).i,;ce InL" St r' , ,..,;-s ['.~- .. "r ove( 

A .. 

_~rl., 27 1c-4 · J.' •• • • t "" · · · t· Tl • --i . , -·JJ o:· vllL .c.\. .11!11" r:. ~.~o· · a·: :1v. co .. cl lOn"' . .1e core •. stor~· c i·e:- :'1o rccor•,. a· ~sse:::t o:· "~_-oc;itio~! . '::hr: coLe c-.~.:tilO:~i t~r , .. ..,s not 

:·ecor·nizci until J'..ly 9, lS_Jt, c:·u.c to i:: ··ic-' .. ' t·· oi o .......... 1ization c".ue to 

ri r.1r;r to t.·:o s..:.o::1sori::_:; .::;rou:;>s. ~:;:-fce·~:!,-r("··~css o ~ t:lC l'.:_J):·ov".1 on 

co::1t i ion ··:<G (o·,_bt.r~::. l. 

oc'c !:o . ~:""f"\ , C'·~ .. J"l.: :i:n·· st:7, '"'_) :·ovcc ........ :· 7, S3 ~ "y the Ac".i1inistr2. or or. c::> :::C.i~.~.i.o··1 t:." t t!1e ·~iti::" _ ..e:::-io· be {e1~'teC. u:'1Ce:.· _~l'ice fi1-

·irc.c; '"l ,- e-ril' r.ce 1' C "'~.l..J :it te~"- to ,.-, r<.~i.1,~ o ~ :1our:; ·T.s ::e cussf'..ry. 

·-a ~:ceo::. {. of r. ~~ c)1t . In J.si..r;r '· ~ r.o _,-:;· : 2t C.isa_J Jo i n tee" in not 

o '"' L:·; ) c:· .. 1i ttcC. o '. £ . ':' ·tin_; _.~ o.; :cioc" ir. cu:r.:.1ection ·.·i th '9: icc :~iliLg , 

·m;. : o s tr nuous o b; ee~ o:'! 1 i _ v .:e·, o: s t: · beinL· .. <' C:.c o:' !:-JA. The co c.e 

... 9:"i ty r ~ oi "!co'". e en ~itt ... c to :·c ort o:1 l': c:.·n:"ifl : o· :10u::rs , <'.nc~ 

~J : t: eir r::: ·~ o: t : . .c " ~-·---- ::!"; ,...f • our s "·ns )c·~ .i ~tee" t!1 :.~cn~.in ir: t e 

eoc"c . 

.r 44 
II 

II 

If 

the · ·c-.i tin:· _)r:.. in(, is 

rc"ctio~ . Hc~o .. r~ 

c:ci.oc' · ·ou.::.c' :.e·..., J 

1 :~·:'~l s fo:..·es:': · t~1<".t t.1o .~J,s\.~:co oi t~1c ·;C'j. tir.c 

iCt'!"' c>u:..··:.i-"1[" , r ~l.c::n.J.~·~ an ~L:LC~l 'c"':.ual1y occur-r e d. 

·,0) . 

CJc'.C T'o . l. ~.J; , Ci·;c-.:..· ·::'tl"\ 1 :r('·i,u:::in.·; I ·:. 'S~r· , -( f: ~::- :cove( J un.c 13 , 

1034 by ~v'. F:.es~ce::..t ;...n ~ouj: conC.itj_)n:: . ~~·-·cr,.., i~; :c:..o :· cco:..·t· o: <'-s:::.e:1t 

to t::c con:.it::.ons •:o r of" ohj,.;c t i.on +.ll ..; re:~;o . A cc.·l'> C)1.Llo:tit;.· ··cs 

clectec' Jul:." :::: , ~~~·:J~r ... !i-::::1 l c::.t t:--.ci.t :-s•,cnt t.o ti1; c r;, C. -:- co· 1Citi :1" .~r 

~__,.:;:..~av eC:. .'"'.c hein ; vo l.'.:>.nt"r:·. 

Co c' e ··a 4~".)c· Sul··•l1o .,.., ~ t <·<· 0 1· l - ...,.,..,.u.J:." .... ct,, -· 1· ··1 · T ·1r-,, s t -·-- · •""' " ; .""' "ave-" • • '"' ' I • ..,1,. • .&. 1,(.. ,: J, .J.. " -.1. - t. - J ..__ ' _., j ' ( o:J C:.-_:. J_ _,u.. 

J""Lmc 2) , 1:3l.~ b~,r t:1r A:":1i·1is+;:..·rto:..· nn t hG C')ndi ti ~n·t ·\c:t ce!'ta i n provisi nns 

cov €'2~ i ''1.'; '(':·icc. f i 1 i "l[' ~ ~'lc" [', . e.i ~in ·; -~~ .3:!.' i 0 ( 'Jr; s ":.r ~T<:)( • I ''1l.J. s t l'"7 c:· j_( ::10 t 

"oc:ol· "e i·o <~.t .... -.. .... . ,c- 'o'' 1' erol ,,t; o·-. "'- t. •· C"' 'ce :--:u+11o·~1· '--- a·-; ·"'ove·1'oe·· 7 \,.oL v -. v c) c -- ..J - t..) ..._ .... (. - ... _ 1,.}.; ..L- 1.,_ '~ -•J. .. (., "' - J..l - ' 

1S31L st,[' t 'JC:_ "tlwt t:w st,".y c::,>e,rc-.·cc/. ·:;o :. ro-:cn ·~ e:":: icic~1t o~:Je:..·Pt i.cn 'l'.n:.er 

+l1e co~_'e '

1 nC , .., .·e l. + 1' .. 1 or•c:1' bl G +n C"' -· a··· · t-'C -1-r· ,oce o·::' t '1·0 :• ct "' • t.... - . . . """"' tJ - ~ l v - - v (. ~ .J.. J. .... ~ ..J _, J. .. - ..Jl .. ~ .. , - .., J. -~ 

"Y'IC..' -1.··-, "' .le"+ e·~ t··l"' t t' ~eo <"''~ "-- -J)C.. +c ~-,1· ., .... +eoc' ' -· .... . -- 1.. ..::> v . .... _ ... ' . JJ,.J....., .._, t.Jc "v .J .J. -- u ~ • 

[' . .::~~Jrovr.}. o: 7r itin ·· ~:Je:.. io.:s · Ts co:.:t.r :-.• y to t!:' ... s -~ .ic-· .)'"' lLU.. . Tho 

C' . ection c.r1(l. :~U!J.Ct loni:v· of :he co\.·_c: :u.t~:.n:..·i"-,~r -- ;ro:x,:ol.:" r::on"titutct'. 

-l;;c.c:i. t <"'.SSG:1t "t.o tl:.c CO i.-.G ·: it~1 t~ (' CC·~1~itiC1:C':. ~IUt 1l~ 8~ ~Gcti78~1CS S of 

~oC .c , :-' .. ['Lin~~ 

c~ 2.2.lGi1:_;c(. it 

0.:1:1 :i.:1t' i vi ---L'.r1 : :c:.1l.e:..· of t~1C L1c':r:.c ~ · · ~w 

.s C --ror.cribcc~. Ci'lCle , ... <'.S r'o·,_,_'yV"'-ll . 

~lc G 

the 

0.oc ..., "..e ,_,- Q o 40(' __ ,v , f"'or .,., ,. 

__ ('v r._t b fJ1- ' ·, J,. 

., ·.--.(··~t ... ... . U .. . J· · ' ·r<.-.... r"\C '.:"-- "' '.)~'QV(J'• • j:u_.· _ l CJ. -;' l-::' '7)~ 0 . vv , , -J-· • 

b:· the J' c'..:l inistl·<.t-J:..' o::.. co!'IJ.i t.ion thr.t 2.. c~Jc t b e SU.~)Ui t ter'_ \i i th:.n ~0 

c1E::~ _ o::. D.. st-,:~c".7 .., rJf _ 'inin'.li1 _ . , l" 

. l t.-..c - V o<'' - :." " 'I~li.s "t'.s ::.:o ~ c'.o nc --·i '.:.hi::J. t:1.e 0 (_ "'v • • 

t;o c'.c.y::; li.1 i c r'.:1c.. . -·~::· c;1tJ.~r r.~vo.:.· co'L!.~_c_;C, · i t::.--1 . -:2h·3 coC.e , t~.e :..·c_~o:.:e , 

becrl"\ Q ~l") ·~ ~, ':'. e~t~"Tro /"')f"' ·,,T•s ~.C' ,-,• • 1' .L(:' t~tc' .~ .r.,c.Li'•'e c.""+t""\ b•r t ile .._ •~ 1 .._.. J.- _.!, ~ .l . 1 c _1. V ....... ~) \. (,/ (. .-J~ '1.) ~ j_ lJ _") \...." \,.. . J_ J.. -.J V- V .( • J V c) l. 

ter:J ~ of the of·C.c:.- a·:- ::) :::.:~o ~l , ".nc :;:· ooc'ol:T ·:i"h':; ~:'"'. ve 'u ean :;:uloc'. in 

co-~rt <"'G neve~· e:~_:.rc-Gi .o bcc:·,_s.:, o::· ~c·: ')_~ l clct; -'·.cc". ::.u.tl::.o:..·it:' in t h e 

Ac.Ji ::.i strr.to-:.· to :-·--. rove :-'. '-,}_\,_:-l'C' :;::• cor~.G c.t: :1,·;-:-.'. :~: r .)_ escri'JeG. conc'ition. 

ec c-e ''O r::41 --, ....,t ~~ ~e r· ·"·r·,-" ..., c '-·,- -:-o;rFI 1·.1.---- .... "··-· --~c; "':o.::. ~o r>r bv .!. , e ) -' · ) _ .-< \,; .t... .:::> - H· L-~ ~- - - -~ -- ._. .. '-' JJ..t.o ' ( ..... <. __ .• J.. _,.__ c/ 

t be .i.:In, c-u o~ t. tC' tl:.c co:1r-ition· tJ.1".t Scctio:1 2 ("'o) o:- A:..·tic:'.c III 

be st~"CC~.·. ;i'\is sect i o"n ·::. :..~a ·i(.o( :::'a :..~ to:'..r-rrncc in ho1,.rs J.:..~L,y· < CG"l: . ' 

-,)e:..·io c. r nt ,..,..,_s consi0<?:..·er' ," \"it· J. .r:;, t o. Llc coc.e ~r· 8~ ;-.i n . :r.nuf,"'cture "~"-"'··J' · T11"' • \; c .,--,-· _ _ J.... rov( " l _ ···if'~ _ v.i.1.. th1' - s "'-"' onc'1. -- . v l·o -

·.-- 1,~-•. ,~~sc-;e··l+r.L ~ ~- . v v . to J ' ~·cr~Ccrc~·- ~:r coc'c 

<>.nc'.. r..s such the lTL-l ''E'.S. · ·iti.10,t r'E:lGGC.tr( . .:-~.:tt~~o: it·· to ·~:.E' cciv..;: , 

c:-.:;-~: l'Ovc . T·-o ·.1er'b -:rs of tl 0 In'1.'..st :..7 -_:; ro·~c-:;tcc'. . IJ:h0 cf)(e co 1 •i ttoe 

r e:usec: to orc~nize Llc- COCG rut~w :.. it "\.1~1cc·~· +.~.0 -.·o--is:.o:r.s ry_:: t~l·::: coC.e 

until tl'w c :Jnc i t ::.o.1 ··rs :trte:· l' c:-:o-.-ec". ~r .r:1 cr·.'cl~ -f:.<?:'-- i.l' ti·,..,_.~: -:::-:.e 

ll r~·:--v \J v ·u 11 7 ··' - c:~ -- c.L...,-- ;,:> t..n -.,.,l 1- ~ .. · '1.0t 

_ u -· cr..-. ...... .Li · s··c-~ 'l..,.o.-- ro" ·"'i"'"ll-- _ ..,...,. __ _ ..._ ~(c·-,c) _ ·-.,. • • I ·1 t.:- ·:cc :C'ltine , the co,._e ~o- .J. ·i i ttee cl.:--j:;.c( t;J.c coc· <.... ·"r not ". r::r·:-ll."· e:~:'oct~ve . 

Sel' io1.u: c onv1 i :-ncc cases h int ,ec·_ "\.l_:?or. t.J- e c. :: ""c cti V" r· "'ua of tl-..is coc· e , 

--hich ~le(~not ocr~1 qettlec' <'.t t:·.G "t i :v; of' t>c Sc11ci.lt.r Decis~or .• 

A re:present, tivc nu.1~1c:.. o:~ :isc ... ,}.:'_,":!.c.<.f)l.'.S or(rrs o·· ['.)~:;,·o\·r ~ or 

~; c:e 1ont s , .1c:.vo "'oGen revi e·rec'. <'.s fo 1 1 -o Ts : 

I 

I 
(--

sior:r o:.~ A)_ co· c·r. . 

~) . .. ..... in; 1P.. or rov i -

(:J) , ·::-L-c.c ts 011 ::; .... ::ti"' l.J.:· .:o··yJ.c·cc( co( or , ;,llicc' to 

the Cotto11 To· ti 1.: L:,l·.~t:;.~:· . :.:'}:;.esc ·c:;.·c . o·.· ce::t·in :)~~o --isio· s ··~1ich 

cc~ivcc the ?rcsic'm t t r. :::'or·1r-.1. < •• j~·=:ov· l i:1 <'.(v;·~cc o::.· <'- ·recncnt U:J0!1 

the ··hole co cos . S ,_c~l ~:.<'.:~tir'l. '"'~·; l m1c: ts · ·ore ~lf'..c:'.c su ;cct to the s<'·1e 

cor:Citio1s "S ['.' 1io\.·. to the Cotto:-~ _c· .ti 1 .C' Co( c . ·.:ith t:o f:::r'l 

['.·: .:cov"l of t~1c Cotton Tc·:tilc Coc'.c t 1cr.c c.;n<.itions ··e-;.· o o.uto•1c.ticC'llsr t i sfi ec' .• 

~o r'C.i1i11istrr.tivc Ci: :~iculties ):· ot:10:- i:1tor:..'U .. 'ltio; s to the· 

:tec,;u.l['.l' ~:.rocec'-u::-e i·1 ::,~. in; t:1css cr-cc~ , (·.uo to thn r:(c,~ c0nc'ition~ 

o:~ <'->-_):;.·ov.-1 , r.e :.:ccor ' c( .• 

A l<:i..'(::.;e :.u.1be:;.· o:':' o:;. r"e:.~s o:~ <':~ :.~o'i['.l of ::~!e·.c:e ts ~o cocos ··e:te 

:;..·e ie.,ec" , ~u· ve::·· :c· · con itio:1.~ ir: ~:10 o:;.·c'.o:L·s o:: < ··: r o 1<'.1 :."ou.Y10. . In 

t_,'-"• ,...c.·ne"''"'l .L ' f..-~ ...,.,e.rlC' ..... - e· .;.. ... ~-"' \Ji.) "0''0 ... ···-o t "U')i ~ l v '-' net v ).0 .J _.JJ.. ·. ~er'"''rc ._.,u___ . 'or , 

r _.~_ .- • . ·~ov~l 1 c - • '71hc·r 

_ o.~ 

'"'E:2e so c~refull~- :::1c' C<'l::ly co::!::it.e·L··3c" ·c~l.r'.~ c~1r_:.'-:oc· <'.S cc~ui· ef. --ere 

1<'.LO c:':1C. r'.SS0;1tG{ to :.:.~io:c· to ''l'CSU:.t< t.i..on ::'o:.· ~·:._:.:·o;. rJ.. 

S·v..c' co: c'.itions l'.s <'.. ;~:c~:~e( ·ore ii. t:w . ::- . .in si 1:9lo ( c::r·1)l.e r.l10·-n 

bolo") . (* ) r'21c" n0t ·i t~ l t') t~ e Inh .. stl·:·, l'.:1:~. o:.·eove:· , ooult be _-::.·es-

:~ibec".. ·-i t1 fu1:J. le';.:-.1 ef~octivcnoss 'iJ·· :c·e:-.:::-on o:.= t~ e :._~,)vi;io::s o:: 

Section 10 ( b) o:.:~ t~::.c •• ct , "'nc" J.;,_•-3 dcJ.e-:;£".tion o_ t: osc Jo· ere- o:~ :oCific.~tion to the · r':·1inistrr-.to:..· l'.i.'' i.l'.ter to t: c !. ~1.?2 syeci:~i cl .y b~· 

..,·-ecutl'vo or·o -~ " ·-o ,..,.1,.,. ·~-.,,· ··o _..,,,..a res--cc~--l·v~..l-.·· · ~.... - l. J.. t.J J.. • ..) ... 1 .-J- l .l-'.. !. • v<.J _.,;,; .., 

A vc.st mmbe:.~ o: ··ino:- · f.1i::~if_; l~"..t.i re r-ctio":.s ··e:~c ~cc011_lis~ ec". 

by .~:._::: :.~ov~.1s of the .,_,.:_ 1L1ic:t:..·£" ·~o · , t .. e ~>+-io~ ... L1(-'l".. st:·i~.l ~1ec0ve:7 

=~oc:'..:c~c". , t~1o Di ision .A(··i:, intrl'to::.s, ".:f t~1c ·rsist~nt Ac"~:1:1:.st:etivo 

O:"_,.iccr for Coc'.e Aut'wri t,- 3uc" ·nts, ~ o:- S'l'.C~l 1r-ttP .. "'S l' -·,::-ov~l o.:' 

~1othoc's o:: coc'c ;ut::.o:c~it~r soJoctjo:1.r , co(e ,,,_t:1ol~it~- o ... cctions, o:r- c:·s , 

trC'.c"c ~; :..·l'cticc co·r·1:-L'lts 1 co::itt~.,;C'S <'Y:L'. ·_::; __ ~n~ , :A'-(~ ts , e>tc . 

A ~["~tr•o -_::~ :.~~:r:::o:ctio~ o:~ t,l s c r-:tY~l:i..'O r.-:- ·: . ·ere f..'t 'Jjcct to co:-:c'.i tio:1!: 

ir.. o to:: to "'.c just th..; c"oc'lncntr to ::..r. .A ·oJ.ic:'• ':::~1.0 "o:· ..,,::<" :·cruire-

·lents _~ol~ ... l1~.;c:o c'oc1.'~1Gi':t~ ·e:;,~c ·l~o·"l . .,.Lc( in rc'. 5. ist::-"' civc or(e:c~s 

f:.~o·~ ti1e "'o ti1c , rnc" t~1c ..... ~:t:1orit ~8 · :_:-oc;e co .. -itio:::-- --r-.s h.:e::-cn .... . 

r:c:e i~Jositio~ 0~ conciti.m:. ": , :i.: '~.e ~~st , ... .;J"it:· .· c~ses , to 

·:;:::-o r_9t :- 1er ~it the : 1nctio:1.in" of' t:1~... ~,- -~i:n. is t:c~" t:i. ve ~cone:..- i:wo l_ve ·. , 

· ·l1e:~e onl~,r ;1ino:.· ~,_~ jnst en ~ to ·ol..:.c~· · ·e:·c ( CL: • :.1cces-..,:::· · .- 1ic:1 · roulc". 

( *) .,., ____ ... , . J...J._ - • .,.~ ___ t < ·- ::ovcc'. , 1 c-~; -,~, 

-~ J ••./.J ./ '-'v 

(l ) T :. .... t 2.. t:·.:-\.·.c ::-:..~; ct:.c •• s", .h~ -- : ., __ ~ <?-Jilic· "ul.c to ;;Li-.::cnt 

.... o 'C . S. Govc:cn1 .,t :-'.; 1 .• .!lt ;.~.:·i'lt :.·:-tL:f' 'J" str'.~·~( to ...,f·~o:..C 

t i : :-o :.· .~.·u:c·t · . .:.l· s tuC::.;r. 

('") ll'.t ;rticl.. cov ... :.~i;:.:; rl.OT!-CO:r~s·wnt ~-o :oc",i:ic['ti0:1 b_ r· d; .:_t.._(. . 
li 

I 

I' 

Th s.:. C()n .. ~_ition< _ o:..~c".c:~~ oJ.' C'.· .. :::::-ov:-.1 ):C'< s0ntuC no t'i:f:..~i culti ,·;s in - . 

ccn~...r"": , ·:.c ·o t jn obt:-:\.!1in·· cvic".,mc .... of sc.tisfrctory co:1:_;J lirncc ··ith 

G~ ... vi ~ t L:!.": lG :10. l - ur-t~lv:· :-'.C tio··1 . rp s j_'\. .. (1_,,_ii1\ f_. 

I 
- 170.-

c· P ... E:R r: 

Prior 0 the COT!di t inn<.'l :~) Jr" -pl_, t:lt-•!'l! nrlo~ rr. tn ~ re been , in 

c;eneral, consicierable effo tin mc3 cedes to Jri~ 1 ic"'l into crnfcrmity 

vith policy, but due to t:1e -He..,su~e tn -p t .cd.es :=trn rve<i, irT•J;,tience 

· ith the last Pdjustmen s , ft"'r :wier exte ded del~ys re ,ulted in nb:mdon-

'llen of effcrts tc obt;:~in "~Ssent t the se l:•_,t ch:m~e!J , J.e letions r:nd 

Pddi ions Pnd the nrPctice of t!31 i nc; c:1re cf then bv crndi tirns im11 osed 

in the orde rs of flT)'Jro ·a l . 

In code lo . l, C0tton Ie::rtile InJ.~stry, ;:~n: cede ··o . 6 , l:''lce l':=tnufncturing I ndustr y , effort ''.'"~S "T!Pd.e and n se. t t ·) C:.just,nents received 

befo re the effective dfltes of t.~1e ccC.es. In the other codes cnnditioLally auproved , which~ ve been revi ~ad , lee seeMs tc h~ P been little 

or no attem .. t to cbtPin p rcmot asstmt of the nrcJonents to the conditions, 

in many cases months elPpsed, ~nu in some c~ses no ;:~tteMnt ·a s rn;:~de to 

obtain assent . 

9844 
-177-

HAT . :.ERE Tffi: MuST FREQ,U.z~rT· TYP:S GF CCiJDITICNS Ii. ~ GT)E:.i.S GF APPROVAL? 

The Orders of Annroval of 557 Co des ···ere exani:1ed for conditions. 

(;f thec·e codes, 261 we re f ru.nd to c r .1ta i n iron one to f"ur or five conditions, some more . A rough exPmin')tion of mnny ::ore supnlemcmt.gry codes 

a1yoears to sho•.,. an even greater 11 ropo rtion rm·1 rovecl con<ii tir~'lally. l.iost 

conditions •ue re cf cnly rcutine i r11)0 ':'t in t~1eir e.i:'fect up on t he conduct 

of their busine ss by Members of t he indust1··r cc:r..cPrned., but a n1L1Tlber 

..-rere Of Vi tal i:"l.UOrt .'~nd P:1runted to forci.n; · A COCe UpOn the industry. 

(A tabulation of detAils of VA ·ious tJ~es of conditional orders is 5 iven 

in Apnendix 11311 hereto.) 

9844 

The most frequent t~es cf conditions '1ere : 

(a) In early codes, the condition thrlt nn ~t!Tlinistrat ve 

body be cre~ted . This led to the code Authoritv. 

(b) Condition that the b -laws of the nArtici~)ating 

association be ch~nged to correct discriminAto r y 

prcvi sions. 

(c) Condition that r euorts on l abo r stat istics be submitted. 

(d) Condition thAt FJtte:npt to int e r "'lret or modify 

Section 7 (a) of the Act oe eliminRted. 

(e) Condition th:'3 t p rovisions for clFJ ssific:;l tion of custome rs be stayed end.in s inve stigAtion. 

(f) :Beginning Dbout .,eorll})ry l, 1934 . Condition th~t m~ iting 

period bet1."· een filincs of o rices And effective date 

thereof be stayed and henr in?' held thereon. 

(g) Condition tmt homenorY: oe n ro hibited and a study of 

same made. 

(h) Condition that hearing may be h6ld at ontion of 

Administrator on any ;:)revision Ftnd subse ouent 

orders have effect of cond ition of FJTfilrova l. 

(i) ConO.ition that A "hed " clAuse r e serving constitut-ional rishts if the code be modified 1""'as to be 

deleted. 

( j) Cond.i tion that u rovi sion p ro hi oi tin .~ coun (lns or Dremi urns bc3 stayed. 

(k) Condition that code c:ruthc ri ty sub:-ni t reco r.nendations 

to 13djust hour And WA ge -o rovisions to ccnform with 

other codes. 
- 17P -

The principal n r> cc ...,si tics o" condi tionel crder::; of ro·J roval as used 

1;1ere to e:x--p c di tP. .... he a--:> Jroval of co .. e s ··rhcrc sponsors "ere tar~' or 

difficult to r :1c:1 in a"'se t L.l£, to chw f'CS , or adverse to the changes 

which estaolisl ed :)olicy required. 

,fany codes --,er J suhjGct..;!l_ to 1)rocrc.st · n-1.tion so ~,·,r :ed ac- to r::1.. ke 

it a:_o "~ e?r they nere l)eing pur-)osely c.lclE~y ci. by the s·;onsors by the a.evice of incluJ.in-; nrovisions ro·)uen.:-·nt to r<1.1inistr<'tion ·1olicy . The 

Administl·e.tion ''"'!>s- loroth to s·L)ecificfllly utilize Section 3 (c) of the 

Act ~d th8 alternrtivc ·selected RS the c onditi r nal order o~ a?Droval 

es a SU)posed mc nns of ryr-J~ervinr-, a voluntar" stc-.tus under Section 3 

C:J and-- force C' code on the stc llin~ inciustr-·. 

1here is ve rbal evidence t~;: ._ t 30 JC condi tio·n.s of p··)•Jroval rycrc ins rted P.t the instance o s· )onsori~1-: cor.11i ttecs o takC' fro;J those cor.-

mi ttc es the onus of failure to include or o:·clucle ryrov:.sions co;:Uorming 

to the d.esircs of c0rto.in ne ,1bo·:s ~ their inCl.us tr:r , but nhich the l:lA 

ryoul not --)ernit. In oth..:J r -rorC.c t 11 ncve the fe.ce" '1f the co:.unittee. 
-179-

CHJL?T2 VII 

Ur I' :;::vi:JE1.\,:~ OF CO:.LP:SI.A:~G:C OB ~iON COi! ~If.liC:= HITti COi:DI:t:IO:iS 

OF AP?20V .AL _\.:._ ~ i O ~, ::; FOUlJD? -!H.b.T .-:-~~ I'RL I2GAL ~: 'ISCT Oti' 

~:<m-C OIL?LI,AlTC37 

In tho c2s c s of co c Doo 1, r nd co~e ~o . 6 , h3rrtoforo dis~1ss , 

t-1~' ondi tions 'VGr e incorDnrC't e cl in thG coc:e or full~r sr·tisfi e d 2.nd conY)l iC(t '.7i tho 

!n othe r cc:-s c s tl'e con~1 lirnc c '7:::-.s usu:-->. 11:~ v e17 t-?.rd::. \7h . ..:re <\ction 

'oy i1:Ci.ustry L' GOilciGs '"~s r o nuirod C'ncl eve;1 thow:;h '· tL.1c l init nr.s set , 

CO)·nliancc ,_,...,_s ofte n n ot con )l ote b e for e th<t elate . (As inst:::nces s ec 

coC.e.; lio. 12; :To !A ,"!:.cl Uo 498 . ) 

In numerous cr.s or. , . con dition o£ ;1_ .. .., 1rovnl r e quir e cl i~o -·J orts on houi~s 

&'1lc •O.:'_;GS ~ro:~ Dll T!lOm\.>c rs 0~ 0 industrTr r•hich "'.8 not COTl'l )lied ni th 

gonerc:::lly or fully '.7i 10ut str enm.:.s G..c i'ort o;1 t.h ~ ··.J2t.rt o? tho dcyuties , 

0:1CO tho COd.O '.-!" ;J r _)"'H'O VO d . 

In the CFtG -J s of c oncli io.~s in t ho or l.c·~~..; ~ 0 . Y•rov::.l for ·-1inor ections 

COJ.Dlipnc ~ n:.s usu;"'lly · >rOLT·J t or satisi'C' ctor~f cljustH nt :--. n::-.do rnd very 

little dif.f.'ic,li e· ri c:1c o 

Tho L 3['el e J·_. ·c ct o:.:' :1on-con'1li,".l1CG ni t ll co~1cli t i ons in t:10 ;"':J Jrov['.l 

Oi~cl w for co-:.o ''<. s i ·1 : ·C' n-2 r a l to r Em.(l.Ci' L.os coC:•j3 non-uff octive in 

~nany instance s ~ the ve ry .'1::..·c'.i·1c of t he or C..ol~ c-n ·"t. in "~ny in::st.nnccs ' ih ore 

a:r)rov ..: l iF the Presi uo7lt ' 7r '> to r c·1.C.cr S'...lCh co(_,,s in I: ct Y) r '' Scribc d code s • .L: .J ·-

i.lc.ny C011Chtl0 ~ Of r·J...., r'OV"l D. r:'i C~ tine J.:l. Jits ..cO :t the rr Tlnt:; Ol.. t of the 

conditi on c.nd th c oo.c ~o r l c_;,-:-ol l·r '3ffc cti vo u ' to t.hc;.t lini tin,-; d~te , 

but therPUJOl1 bocpus c ne~fcct v· u,til h~ co dition ~"s s n tisfi c d. Still 

otho;r cod..::s ,..,. ::..~ e r·J wovod. sub j e c t t 0 th(.; con..": i tion tht'.t o.ll nonbors of the 

inclustr~r jJc. .kG r 0 ..,crts fro•1 ti:ac t o t i 10 . Such code " effe ctivE- rt the st"rt 

lc ~;0l y l['·;sod in to e. non- of .. c 7, :L vo s t <' tus r.rhe:1evor one mCJ"1b e r of the inc'Lustry failed to e11ci ::.~ :- rc r~u i:.~ oc:.. r c )Ort . 

Hany cods s .. ft•·r Jrnu.:-.ry 1, 1 9:=4 nero .-·. ,rov oc.~. O/ t.:w ~- c~.rninistr<.:.to r 

or b:r tho ~ T:l.d. ui t~1 co ·. u:. L t i o·".s vi t:->.lJ_v rc'Lvo·:·..;o to S011C or ."1!. bhc ncmbers 

of tho inC..u.stry , nitho,lt ind.u.., t:ry "ss.:mt. The offoct F"' S thc..t tho .~ codes 

nc r e ' i!1 r~ c t )H sc:ri i.nd , (l.t'"l d P .) S"..lCh tho AdnL1i s trr tor ;"'.lld tho :;nu. ;ere 

"ITi thout dole c;:~ e,';. r1uthori ty to "'-~"· ':;,~ . Such c oclos ~r e no c~fccti vc 

l G{;::>.lly. 

9844 
1~\

v A..?T:....l • I : I 

C "7LD T"--. D7" ~I -::1L"T"I C )" DT r T r·· ::- ·- · .,.,.., 'J""""7i,• .,. .,., .....,--:> ...., · 10 'D 'U • ..h ...:Jv """l..I:J.U 1.. • - - -V v .h'l_l!J ..:>..!J~ ... J. V .ri..• ~-i.l~ 

-r-· -T --~-... ;.-=-:;;--:--T-·E· c--:c~-1 -:;-~~IIj'l-=-~u·· n 1U ·n·J-' ] ___ ,_,_ '"'~r1·rry7 - ' .. " v lJ.c. . .) •I• ')~- ...;.~.'::> " _L,. J. - _.J!J l.L 1 ~1..1. .1. 

In a very ~e m8.jori.t~r of c· ses t'1e m"~ cl.Ltio•s i ry se~ b~' 

t'J.e r l'dcr._ of &·):)roval o£ c:: le:::- ·were 0.1. a mine r r.at r c anc: W.l t~1 

verJ little fnrt:er ef:~o rt e.~~e.1t t o incor-."'o r a tion Hit:.in t:.e 

code itself c /u~l ~w.ve b ecn rec:J. .-.lJ co ta1.1ed , ~, e ini tely :)r eser vinG t'1e volw1 t a ry nf!ture of sue~ .. code~j a..'Tld obviating t:1e danger 

of leg::>~ non- effect_ veness rou~,.: failure of cut.1 ··1 iance. 

In n:a ny ot . . er· cases v!:.erb t:1e contl..i tions re u..ired v1ere of an 

.i.m) ·rta.;.1t nature anc':. n.s ent no t ob taL1p.bl e , or :~e industry \'!as 

usin.; t:i..c, se required ) rovisi .ns to stall off a)~~r0 val , t ">e re' wo..s 

s t.i.ll tlle avenue of t: e ) re seri-uecl cocle unc~e:: Sec tion 0 (c' ) 0.1. t .. 1e 

Act . T~~ere · s n · 1oub t but t:· ___ t Secti o~1 3((1..) s .. 1oulcl :w.ve been 

S)ecifi cally used frequen tl J . Suc~ l ac tion '."O\llcl :.ave .;r e?.t ly 

speed.ell cod.i.fication and rencv.:>cl t:.o tenr:~nc1er; of rn,\ny ind·:tstries 

to st9.ll off 2.:J_)rove.l . It wsu.l.:. f.'.lso l:ave ·J ~·J.t ·t better cedes 11: 

t .. :e l:oter st P.f,es of cod.iflC'lti:m. 

I 
- lJlFrl..0_0_ .Al~ E ~ALUA~ CJ~,· 0!? TtL:: EX1 :E;?GYCJ!; ~L :2ED A3(d_I4_ ~-;rr~T CG j~S3lUCTI ~ 

SUG.-~J} :riGl~S CAH 3E -i~: 10 G"ji;D2 J~~) __ l.,~Q-ISLA 1'_I ~~ 11 TIL~~~ .O :? ER PL!il S :b'GR 

AD!ti1HSTRA IG ~ii TGr CJil\G U?Cl~ ~L2 U.S:-: G::? CCi D~ J.IC:. .:L: J CJJE.:.""'S OF _:\PP:£WV.AL? ----··--·--- ·--·---~ --- . 

T1;. n rinciple r>s s et frrth i:1. Se c tion 0( '1) ol t he Act fer voluntar~' 

codes is beliCVt?d to be sound, 21 r10 ~r t'~-lf.l t tho Pr0 siclcnt shou1c1 hCJ ve tho 

po 1er tc imposa ccn.di tio:1.s that must -oe met L1 a vc::.,'.Jlt,"r.:r co '"k ~s a 

r equisite pre cedent to his approvo l out the Ti ord i ns sho-J.ld have bee n so 

clarified CIS to indica.te toot eve ~r ccd.:: 3p...-:rovod a s a -roll.mt nry code na s 

de finit e l y that , nnd thDt. it should contrin o~hin (.' not actually es£ entod 

to, so that in e ve r ,r such case nece ssarily a cl ean order of a p··Jroval could 

have be en issu~C:. . Fi-iilin,;::_ a sse nt tho r oquirod e liminaticns , ad.d.itions or 

alterations should have be en made i n th-3 code itse l:', indus try invite d to 

a sscn t t ho r o to, and. f ~1 iling t o do so, t :i.1e code shoul d ~vo been ~.1 rom tly 

prescribed under Se ct i on 3(d) of the Act . 

Much confusion as to l egal effectivene ss would thor e'bv havo been Avc i ded <' 

at the time of ap_o :rov~l or subsequent t:1ei.·oto. 

The provision unc:er 3(a) of the Act. sl"1culcl be r G'.7C'rdec. so;'lm--hat as 

follo ws: 

9844 

lf The Pre sident , as a r :' quisito nr e code:1.t to ~p:p ::nv '3 l 

of :c;~ny cod ~J voluntarily a JIJl i c d for , rna;{ r cq.J.ire the 

elimin.gtion , Bddi tion or a l t f; r a tion of such pro is:i.o ns 

there in as h0 dooms noce ssa. ~r for the p rotection of 

consumers m~_l etit ::.'s , employee s a.nd otl13 rs in furthe rance 

of the pu blic i nter e st , Dnd Bny such code voluntArily 

applied for shall, upon full .sssent -rrhen Ciltorod as so 

r equir e d, -be 3pprovod as a voluntary code . In the ubsence of such f uJ.l F.l sscnt of tho ropo e~t s, o p rovlslo ns cf S0ction 3 ( 0.) all a,-_:Jpl y . The Pre sident 

sub sequent to his app r C' va l of any voLmta.r y code mo?y 

gr FJnt such exce:ntions t o, or exer.1pt ions from an: p rovisions thore of nhich ::1a: be c?}ll.lli..::::c:. fer , end a s in his 

discretion ho dooms just And ne cessary t o effectuate 

the policy h0r e in de clared." 
8~-.

P_ .T :i.'I VL 

• P P :::: ~- :J I C Z .::.; 
AP?:;j;_TD IX No • 1 

Tho Co clo HistcriL~s sho"1l <i contPin r'uch V.'"lU"'.b l c L1formo.t.io-1 on condi tioD.s in thr: ord,.r.-3 o' P) >rovr·l. CLc:n r II , S ,ction D-4 , is allocated 

to t 1: i.i subj~..ct o,r t:1 .. -~ :i16.rrr:l. CoC.c I:i storJ Ou tll118 . 

Adminictr--tivo Ord- rs , i:;:lcludiu · tLo so ri c·s '\J.::ldL. r the dif fd o11t c odvs , 

sho·u.ld shof! c oncii tions t~1rt ':rGl' L incb,_clc.:c3. L-• . .r-·x• or-l 'rs ssu0c.~. PS cod." c?.d.-

·:L1i.~tr-":;io ,_ r'ccs ln ccnerunction , i t:1 b1c , .Y! r ov·., l_ of st.<ws , ,"' mo ndmcn t.s , 

vX0r'1-·Jtion:; "1.11d. oxco) ti.o :1s , cl:"sn ific--=,tio ~ rul i n ·_-s , et c . 

_) )l.-!1CU.x .. o . 2 -out,_in, c tlw su·JJ0St of t h is }:-"'Tt of tho s tuc:.y in 

d0tr il '~ ·. '7ill "o :::.'o· ... mo. to :.:;c·o~; t c.r O'\S :or furt he r r u s·on.rch . 

9844 
9844 

- 13·--

· :::-::..::n x : ·o . ? 

CO JDI~Io--.i!.L ORD-!1.: ~ OF APF:::ZOVAL 

(Outline) ·.·:_ -,; 

ppendix ·o . 2. PART I 

Conditional Orders of 1~rrov~ l of Codes, Agree~ents 

and A"1ent'mc ts. 

1 .0 I 1troduc tor,r 

1.1 Statement defining subject ~nd field embr~ced 

2 .0 Basic sources covering subjec t 

2 . 1 Provisions in ·nRA 

2 . 11 Powers conferred upon the President 

2.111 Concernine; codes voluntarilv applied for 

2. 112 Concerning codes imposed 

2 . 2 Delegations of po ·1er of nr:proval made to Administrator and t he r iRB 

2 . 21 Aut' ority for delegation 

2 . 22 3e8sonn leading to deleg~tion 

2 . 23 Executive Orders nnking deler:Ation 

2 . 24 ~eservations in delegation 

3 . 0 Use of conditional app ova l 

3 . 1 ~y the President 

3 . 11 Fir nt code for Hhich used 

3 . 111 Purposes of con~itions 

3 . 112 Notification to proponents 

3 . 113 Portion of industry actually affected 

3 . 114 Evidence of industr;r nssent 

3 . 115 ~eac tion of industr:: and labor 

3 .12 Other code s for which used that presented 

w1usual circumstances (3 . 12, 3.13, 3 . 14, etc . ) 

3 . 2 By the _ dministrator <md ·nRB 

3 . 21 First Code for ~.ich used 

3 . 211 Purposes of conditions 

3 . 212 lotification to proponents 

3 . 213 Portion of industry actually affected 

3 . 214 Evidence of industry assent 

3 . 215 Re8ction of industry and labor 

3.22 Ot' er codes for hicb used tha t presented 

unusual circumstan es. (3 . 22, 3 . 23, 3 . 24, etc .) 

4 . 0 Development of Policy 

4 . 1 Poli ies annmmced in Executive Orders, if any 

4 . 2 Policies announced by the Administr a tor and ' I3B 

4 . 21 Use of provisions of Office Orders Nos 63 , 63A 

and 63:i3, J a 1uar ;r 27 , 1934 

4 . 3 Cir umst nnces attendii.lg first use of co1ditional order of 

aprroval 

4 . 31 ~acts presented and ec r~ endations 

4 . 311 :J~r Division ~ d.Jnini strator 

4 . 312 By Deputy 

4 . 313 ?.eports of Advisor:r Boards 

4 . 314 Legal ~en t 
4 .4 

-las4 . 32 Considerr: d b~r ·-,rho::t ;ncl a.nal?sis mA.de • J 

4 . 33 St t~ ent of po li cy , if made 

Policies, if 8-!ly , ~m.10Ul~ceJ. on subject b;r :r.olicy g roups, 

4.41 Policy Bo a r d create d b;)r 0.0. ?f~)5, Sep t. 16, 1933 

4 .42 Polic:r Board rec ,~ .l.ized b;r 0.C. 1r55, J ;m . 6, 1934 

4.43 Folic:· Committee Cl'e'\ted b:-r O.C. tr58, .Jan . 12, 1934 

4 .44 Folic~r Board s creQte c_ b~· 0 "0 . tF7.:~, j[. .r. 26, 1934 

4.45 As sistant AC.mi 21istrator fo ::.~ Folic:,r· under 0.0. 'tf83, 

April 9, 1934 

4o46 Advisor~r Council c!'eated b :r 0.0 . '

1

(89, May 21, 1934 

viz: 

, 5.0 Discussion of le6al requi::.~ ments dictating necessity in orders 

of approval fo r cert ain co~ditions 

9844 

6.0 Subst0.ntive annb-sis. of all conditional orders of a:_oproval 

(Codes - Amendments). 

6.1 Fre q_uenc~r of use Codes .Amendments 

Total orJers of ap~roval to 

Hay 27, 1933 ... . ....... . . .. .... . 

Wi t hout c ondition ..... . ....... . 

Containing condi t:lons . • .. .. . .... ---·-

6 . 2 Claosification of codes as to groups ·where conditional 

orders of approval were most fre quently used 

6.3 Mo s t usual forms of conditional orcl.ers. of a:9proval in 

successive stag es of code making. 

6 . 4 Conditional orders of approval in specific cases which 

industry or labor r egarded as al t eri21g code vi tally 

6.5 Evidence of degre e of industry assent 

6.51 Specific assent 

6.52 Tacit assent 

6 . 53 Opposition 

6.6 Ty~e s of conditions ioposed 

6 . 61 Hours, wages, toler<mces, other labor provisi ons 

6 . 6 2 Administration 

6.63 Cl a ssification 

6.64 Tr ad.e Pr a ctice 

6 . 65 Reports required 

6.66 Control of production and allocation of business 

6 . 67 Price or cost accounting 

6 . 68 Otber 

7 . 0 Substantiv0 AnalJ sis At;re emen ts unc3..er Section 7 (b) of the NIP..A 

(Breakdown to be developed u p on exa~ination of data.) 

8.0 Evalu2.tion 

8 .l Justification for uss· . 

8 . 11 To avoid approval delays 

8 . 12 To override opposition to est ablished p olicy 

8 . 13 To protect l abor interests 

8 . 14 To protect consL er interests 

8 . 15 To protect i:L:dustry i n tere sts 

8 . 15 1 Small cor.lpai.-J.ies 

8 . 152 Large comr-anies 

8.153 Ove rlappint; i :arlustry L1terests 

8 . 16 To avoid illegality 

8 . 17 General discussion of other reasons 
-18 -

8. 2 .rteR.ction O:i.~ indu ·tr,r ol.~ l 'bo:~ 

8 . 21 JO~Dli~ce 

8 . 2.; :,.on-co•:11 li ~'.11 e 

9. 2._1 ·e ·lect 

8 . 222 Opposition 

8 . 223 Cl allenge of ~mthority m1der vol t nr.r code 

apnlication 

8 . 23 E forcement, if ;:my required 

8 . 3 Discussio::1 of compli :.uce or no~1-complic nee 7i th the condi tions 

imposed 

8 . 31 StaJs, modific ations or er~inatio1s of conditions 

imposed . 

8 . 32 Subsequent extei sian of time limits specified 

8 . 33 Efforts of i. .B.A. to enfor ce co:;plionce 

8 . 34 Eff0cts of on-co mp li ~1ce 

8 . 341 Lega l effe ct upon code i tself 

8 . 342 Effect upo1 L~dustry 

8 . 343 z:fect upon labor 

8 . 344 Effect .unon consu':ler 

8 . 35 Effects of compli ance 

9 . 0 Gener al conclusions a:1d co.:str·u.cti ve su -·e s tions 

10 . 0 Bibliogr aphy 

9844 

(Partial su5Gestio 1s) ·:rR..\ ~xec . Order 1r6175 

Exec . Order 7r6543-A 

E .. ec . Ord1:3r if6859 

Exec. Order )t6205-:B 

Exec . Order rt6 750-C 

Exec . Order ~6949 

A~inistrative Orde s in Co de ~ecord Section 

linutes of ::1eetL1gs of Folic;; Groups 

ols. II , A and 3 of codes involved 
9844 

-lf37 -

PAC?.':i.1 II . --·-- Appendix No . 2. 

Co· w.iti 0'1a l Or lers of Ap}.'r'Jvc:> l- i.; i nor Admi nistrative Ac t s . 

1 . 0 Introd ctory 

1.1 . St <' te:·'e.lt d,) fi in~ s".lbj ·.,ct anr1 the field embraced 

2.0 ~a sic Sources covering s~Jject 

2 . 1 An.mi •1istrative actio;:-1"' settina up co o e Authority concept 

? . 2 Fro vision for ac:nir.i strati ve ap])rova ls <Jld_ deleg;:ttions of 

povre:- to aj):nrove indi c .:1 ti:1.·· r-tl1~' li:ni tations of pov,•ers 

2 . 21 rle thod of election of voc:a .~.:utllOrit~r 

~2 Electi on of Co d_e Aut:wri t y 

2 . 23 J3;r-La ·:s 

2 • .:...-4 Trttde practice ·conplni n ts p lan cm r'i ccrnrni t tee 

2 .25 1 · bor c omplaints c-ud disputes p l ;--m and commi t tees 

2. c.6 Stays and exe~ptions or t ercinat ions ther eo f 

2o27 Buc'ge ts ·(treat ed b~~ Code Authority Fin:mce Unit ) 

~8 Frice sy~te s 

2."29 

2 . r.,_1 

2 . c.2 

2.23 

2Q21 

2o25 

2. 2§ 

2 . '-'7 

2 . 28 

2.2~ 

Co st S; -s~ er1s 

'l'i·· ,e GZ e::tsio ~l s for re Tuired uc t ions 

~'lc :- c ode autr.cri ~r ogencies 

Strndards of srf a ty ~nd hea lth 

Li Gts of hazc::;:r'o·u.s occu:_-1atio11S 

Aur lications :for increosed caJ)aci ty 

?l:::n s of a llocn.tion of ro d.uc~ion 

Cl <;ssificatio:l of custouers 

Lcwe...,t reasonable cost 

M .: dal ma.r kup 

Etc . Etc. 

3 . 0 Use of conc.t tiono.l c:-.:P:provals ( e~: clu.di np; a l l instances involving 

correction o f unim:ror't&nt clerica l er:-or s) 

3 .1 :S~r ~: e _'-\. cim il istrator 

3 . 12 First Dpor EG.1 t adtnLlistrntive ord er for which used 

3.121 ' 

3 . 122 

3 .123 

3 . 124 

3 . 125 

3 . 126 

Fur:po s es :for Y•l:ich user. 

3 . 1211 · Lec;al re'}uiremonts 

:) .1212 A~ ii istrative .re quirernents 

3.1~13 To co nform t o est ablished p olicy 

3ol214 To avoid de l .ys 

3 .1215 To p:.c-ovi0.e for further s t url.y of 

o!~d. i t io:1s 'i upo sed 

No t ific. tion to ~pp lic s 

Units a:J.'fectecl -

Evidence 0f c ompliance 

3eaction of lL its affected 

~is cuss ion o~ effect of coJ,ditions 

3 . 1261 On incl us tr:r units nffected 

3 . 1262 On l a bor 

3 . 2 Discussion of o t her typ ica l r~ ses of use of conditional 

approvals by t he Adr11 i r1istrntor, b:l the lTiill3 , or by Division 

.Acn i :,istrators ~g 3@;a ted into ti1e rollowing headings: viz : 

3 . 21 r;e th.J d of d.ection of code ai.lthori ties 

3 . 22 Election OJ. oc e Authori t;r 

3 . 23 3;y-Laws 
-18 -

3 . 24 Trade prnctice coMp lai1.ts la1 [-'nt corunittee 

3 . 25 Lnbor complnints ::md disputes }Jlan and committees 

3 . 26 Stn s a1 n. exerr1 )tions or terminatio thereof 

3 . 27 Judgets (treat d b;r Code Autl orit.r Finance Unit) 

3 . 28 Frice s.rsten s 

3 . 29 Cost s;·st ems 

3 . 21 'I'i me exte1.sions for required action s 

3 . 22 Othe r code nut '·1ority aie cies ' 

3 . 23 St·1ndnrds of s.1 fet. w d health 

3 . 4 Lists of ~ nzardous occupations 

3 . 25 Applications for inc:;: eased c apr city 

3 . 26 Pl~!s of allocatio1 of production 

3 . 21 Classification of customers 

3 . 28 LoPest 3easonable cost 

3 . 2_2 l.oclal markup 

Etc . Etc . 

4 . 0 DeveloD: tent of Policy 

4 . 1 Policies announced b, .d ii istrative Or(ers 

4 . 2 Discu ssion of policies, if ~: , a nounced by the various 

policy 6roups 

4 . 21 Policy 13oard crentecl b~r O. O. ;t35 , Sept. 18, 1933 

4 . 22 Polic~r :Board reorc;anized b:' 0 . 0 . 1f55, Jan . 6 , 1934 

4.23 Polic~r Con'Tlittee created b~r 0 . 0 . ',F58 , Jan . 12, 1934 

4 . 24 Policy :Boards created b;r O.C. 1f74 , Far . 26 , 1934 

4 . 25 Assistant Administrator for Polic' under O. O.-,t83 , 

April 9 , 1934 . 

4 . 26 Ad.visor:r Council created b:' 0.0 . 1f89, "a~ 21 , 1934 

5 . 0 Discusnion of legal requirer:1ents dictating necessity for 

conditions in vArious orders of approval 

6 . 0 Substantive analysis of all or~ers of approval of 25 selected 

codes 

6 . 1 Frequenc~~ of use of conditional ::.pprovals 

Tot a l orders of approval considered 

Without conditions(*) 

Contnining conditions (*) 

6 . 2 Cl a ssification of admi nistrative actions where conditional 

orders of app roval wer e most frequentl .. - used . 

6 . 3 Host usual t<rpes of co1 di tions imposed in successive stages 

of :mA development of Code Administration 

6 . 31 2equiring deletions 

6.32 ::tequiring materi;ll rune!"ldment 

6 .33 .rtequiring future actions (Other than documentar.,r 

alternations) 

6 . 4 Evidences of coMpliance witn .ditions of approval 

6 . 5 Evidences of opjJOsition by industr;r to conditions imposed 

7 . 0 Evaluation 

7 . 1 Justif1cation for use 

7 .11 mo avoid dela-·s i n be&in.;,iing operation 

(*) 3equired t·~o raph ic l corrections not to be considered as 

ondi tions· 

9844 
I! 

li 

II 

II 

lr 

9844 

8.0 

9 .0 

-18S -

7 . 12 To overriue or~) O sit io1 t o est abli !.>hed policy 

7 . 13 To protest l abor interests 

7 . 14 To prJtec t cons1.une r i n terests 

7 . 1B To rro tect ind~ tr ~ i n terests 

7 .121 Sm<:-.11 cor:tpanies 

7.152 LR.Tge coupn.1des 

7 . 153 Over 1ap}lin:; i:1. ustr~,r interests 

7 .16 To avo id ill eg 1ity 

7.17 Ge~1e l d isclJ_ssion of other ren.so~s 

7 o2 P. eac tion of industr:/ or l abo r 

7. 21 Gener a l dis cu ssion 

~~~ Co l1J. lic.nce 

7. 23 NoP-compl i ancc 

7.2.31 Negl e ct 

7 . 232 Opposition 

7. 2A En1'o rcerr.~~1t (if ~1~') required 

7 .3 Discussi on of co:npliance or no~: col7lp1iance with the 

c onditio s ir.,:po sed 

7. 31 St o~ s, modifica tion or t e r:n1nntion of conditions 

i !Tl::osed 

7. ~2 Extensio~ of time limi t s sp ecified 

7.33 Ef::..'orts of lJ • .R.A. to enforce complian ce 

7. 04 Effec t of non-corrro li ance 

7. C:41 Lesal efi'ect uyon code admini stra tion 

7. 342 Effec t up o~ (~ tr ~T or industry members 

7. 343 Effec t UJ O~ l abor 

7. 344 Effect upo:1 c on s·JJ'1er 

7. 35 Effec t s of compliance 

Gener al coEclusions and co!.struct i ve ug ~est ions 

:B i b liot· .raph;'l 

Eze cu tive Orders 

0 (X . ' fun istr tiv e rders sarles) 

Code tful i strati ve Orders in Coc.e ?..eco rd Sec tion 

Deput y Files 

~I 

I 

I 

! 

f 

I 

I 
·- 190-

Details of Various T:~es of Conditions in 

O!r:C::,S 0:-..-, 12 r "10 TAL 

co- ering Pll Bnsic Codes of ~air co~~Je tition 

98~-4 
7o . 

1 

9844 

APPROV::D CODE 

CottoJ: Te:\:ti1e Inclu.str-r* 

( Co:1di t i ona1127 a·yorove~J. 

~ ~- the Pre sic'.e:nt ? ,'9 /33) 

*~TCTE : :;::;:::~ecutive Or8_:> r 

of Jul:' 16 , 1'::133 , ,:;.~ vc 

.:'L~.c..l ;-.-.::-u roval to t~1e 

(' ~ ~ n . +' vOCe , <.'...S aiT'enceL. S'l v!l 

t~:.e .:.s sent of ti.1e 1::-

d..ustr ... r, 2.nc. SP.tisf'"'ctio~ of such of the 

con6itions as .ere 

-~·i:lall;;r req_uired b;yt~le Pres id.e!l t . 

( 1) Lir.,i t a t ions OJ. use of u roducti ve 

m::.cniner~r not to a:p:c:>l~r to tire 

yarns or fabrics for rubber tires 

for 3 neeks 

( 2) Plc:11ni!lt; Cor!ni ttee of Industr~r uill 

su ..... ::Ji t oD.estion o:? er.rolo·-ee )ul ~ - . ~ 

ch<.se of homes in oi}-1 -villc: ~es , 

es-oecial1:r in the South , to AdJJinistration before Jan. 1 , 90~ lool:-

inc; tona.rd. eventual er.1p lo ~ree ~1on

o,·mershi"') 

( 3) A-o~;r oval o:f mL~~mum "To ges -- subj ect 

u~.:· be :-eo-")ened if ~...nd as conditions in ro-ve . 

( 4) Offi ce GI!-Jlo~rees be included in 

t~e benefits of the Code 

( 5 ) T c e:d stinc a:1ounts ~r 11hi ch ':":'"L>.ge s 

i!l the h::..cher- J::>aid classe s , u:0 to 

· ;o rJ~e rs 1:ecei vin~ $30 ~~e r ~7ee~;: , 

e:-ceed 7<:'-CGs in the lo':"mst paic_ 

cla.ss , sl:..c.ll "Jc nain te.ined. 

( 6) Ti:!e 2.:1d one i.1:::t1f to e -oai d in 

cnse of ove rtine for re~ai r s~op 

creus, en~ineers , electricians 

~nd u2.t ching creus 

( 7) C::!.. ea:.1e rs 2.nd ou tsid.e '.""! orl~e s e::ce:oted un t il la~1ning aTld Su pe:L~visor2r 

Co1ni t tee s11_bmi t s chedule of ·1ini-

:JUJ1 ~;_d. 1a::ir n.E: hours J 2.n. 1 , 1 ::;~ 34 

(8) I t is i"l.ter:oreted that na~:irm _1 hours 

i ::clud.e ev 3r~T er:r_")lo:-ee , "l'hethe:t '·o rl:-

inc fo r one or more en?lo~re rs . 

( 0 ) ~. :imu..rn ne..t;e neans m~ni'".1UI.1 r8.te of 

•")a.:r ';rhethe r cor.;-)ellsa ted on .:. tine 

r'"'.te , i'ie ce nork , or other b2.sis 

( 10) .Ar1ou..T1 t of ~-ror~: of employees after 

J aly le 1933 shall not be incre~sed 

becnuse of minil!lUJ'l ~-;-aces 

( ll) Al13' ·oerson not cc r.. se~tinc to Code 

shc:-.11 be given hearing 2nd a teJJ~) or

a_y sta~r o: liability ·0endinc such 

i1e:-> r ing 

(1 2) ~,_n roval lio i ted to 4 110:1ths uith 

riGht to ask for nodification or 

(13 Adi-1i istr~tion to be Given ri ~ht to 

Ll:'')Oin t 0 !:1e;·:1~ers on Pla.'1.11inG e!ld 

s-.1:9 ervi sor:r Co il! 1i t tee of Industr:-, 

Dithout vote 
!:o • 

6 

12 

1~ 

14 

19 

20 

23 

24 

AP 1 ::::ov-:: co:u~ 

~:ooJ. Tc:-:ti1c Inc.us'.:.r:r 

( .:-·")·lrO red 7 /?E/:J0 "'u:r 

t:1e P2 esic,e. t 

Lece :·..:-::;. I1c'us':.r . ..r ;-,y~ roved ,.. /1t:: / 33 o~r 

t"1e P:·esident) 

?:~ot gra·.)_li c i~:c . I:1d. 

( o., .roved 8 /l9 / -:!-3 'J:; 

t>.e P::..esi ent) 

Jis.-...int; T~ .. c 1:1e I:1cu st:r~r 

( a:nro e 8/l~/'::: by 

tJ.e President) 

=:o.~·o:1 r .. :.1c. ~rntheti c Ya r:1 

P:2oc'.ucin:_, Il1dusb.~~r 

( ''-·T•1roved 8/26 / 32 o~r 

t:1e President) 

--'1..11 Pc-:Je r i if g . Ind. 

( tl:J~Jrov~c:. 9/7 / ?.,':" b:'" 

t~1e President) 

S:-1 t rroC::.ucin ~ l!LU.S tr~c 

( 2.-..,..)rovec":. S /7 j ::_z, b:· 

-'-1 e p-·!':>sJ..· 'er t) ' · ll- .l OJ -- --

U:lcer~e<· .. r <.:..:~cl _,~_ iec 

P:~oc.ucts : fc. !n .u.st::::-:· 

(a··nroveC::. 9/J.~/3.-_ b· 

t~1e .t·residen t) 

Ji tu.li:10us .oaJ. I:1C.u str~r 

( a·-,:n ovec,_ ] /1 ·~ /3':, b:r 

t1:e P resi c1.ent) 

- 192- . 

I:1.ch .. '1..st:-c·r co 1ni tte0 to be crGatcd o.s 

<'- P1n:ni'lG '"'nd :,~ .... ir Prt>.ctice 0.t·,e·1c: ; 

5 l~e...,:~esent~~thres of industr·• <'JlG. 

3 ,.itl1out vut~ fo:: A<lni1ist r~tion 

Oi1C CO:'ldi tior.. s~;Je t:i"'Je :'S Code : o . 

3 F.bove . 

One coa1ition. S~1e t' 0 e <'S Cdde o. 

3 .:-.bove . 

. ,. ~ 1 t', '' .... __ ssocH'.'liJ..Oil -·~· a···? o uo 2nenc.ec liO 

contni~ ~o rest:ictio~ s as to Associe~tio:~ '1er1oei..~s:li2J • 

=-:.e··)O r t s ::e o"..li r er~_ to J e s ,_b::li t t eel by 

e:-ch er:)1o:•el~ 2 .. :J to rw.ges , !lours, 211d. 

oL:e:.~ ;ise <.: s t~1e Ac.r:lii istr ator n<.:.:r 

Oi1e concH tion. S.':'..1e t·:-1e c:s CoCle :·o . 

2 c-.bo·•e . 

0:1e co:i.1r'ci tio·1. S:.: e t·-)e ".s Joc.e ·o . 

3 :->bove . 

S ..,., of 1"'1 dn··s ::-o r ·1.:--· ufacture rs to 

s'1o~ · c~:L,_se ": ./ t:1e·· s~1o .ld no t "Je i·lch,dec,_ u.:.-~0p:· t:1e oc.e (Se c . 1( c) o: 

clefinitica) 

(l) Sx.1e t·•)e ...,s Code ··o . 1~ n.bove 

( :-') Sc- .. lc t -.... e c-s Goc'.e :·o . :~ above 

) ... ininu.1 r~tes l"'Ot fi::ef i 1 Sc!1ed1:.1e 

A T:-.. :r ·oe <.:..·yryrovec~. or ·1:.·escri 'Jec'. 

·)J."io:· to e.:fecti e C::.ote o.:' Cuc-...e 

- -- :" .. S1_1_" 1)le·1eL t~r r Order. 

(..~) Atternt to i"lte:,.~)ret Sectio:1 7 (<'-) 

Jf t:1e Act L1 Sc} cc'.u1e :J ( Co cl.e Sec . 

(b of Art . 7 ) stricke~ out 

( ) C1 J:.:icP l ~~e2:~r......:1r·e .. 1ci1 t of 1i ~it.~.­

tio ,_ o:.' C.c:.. i :..i tic'1 o: e~r.)1o·ree 

·)1~.ced i :. ·~:.·t . I:S:I i:1ste:.c .. oi 

.. rt. I::: 
?5 

31 

33 

39 

41 

43 

44 

48 

9044 

.t'..PP::'.OV~D COJ~ 

Tl·(h st· - - _, • -- .l ·-

Otl ?urne:i.~ I nclustr:· 

. ( o:. Y):i.~ovcc. S /1':' 0~ 

t ~o P-res ic-:..en t ) 

:'o.soJ.L1e Pur.To i::e;. Ind • . 

(2 ")~)l 0VOC~ S/lG/33 "b ;r 

t '1e Pl'C s iC..e:1 t) 

~r.:'.'1.si t Inc'..ustr:r 

( ~':•T 1I' YeO Sr. ' /'1'::_, "J:r 

t,,1e :~eside 1t) 

Jjine ~1dus tr~· 

a)~")YOYed 10/':.J/':J':.J 

t~1e ~:-e si~' er.. t) 

, -. 

Jailer l:fg. Incl.ustr:· 

c. ):1roved 10/'Jt b:· 

tl1e PTesident) 

::_71o.rn Ecui-ome:1t Indu.stl~-r 

(2 Y·l l"O';ed. l0/3 / 03 o:r ~ 

tao P:;:esident) ·• 

.. Oi:len r s :Jel t Indus t 1. r 

( e:1:Jroved 10/0 / 'J3 'J·r 

t.1e Pl' es::.cl.e::lt) 

Ice L1Ci.us try 

( c..·.!-):L'O'tC(. 10 /':-/ 33 o::-

t:w P:re s id.en t) 

:_,oat :-':.:.0. Shoe ::::.'c_:. In.C .• 

( 2-~·!:):covecl 10 /Z-/ J~ 

L1e i.~ esident ) 

SiE: Tc::tile I nc:_ustr-r 

( e·J"ITOVeC"'. 10/7 j ':-o Jy 

~1e P:..-esiccent) 

0:;:1 e co·-cC.itio·l. Sc;-1c t· ·-·Je rs Co0.c o • 

3 above . 

Or.e concition. r- 1 • D o.oove . 

( l) \7o::t~::L~c ,_ :1m:~:rs in contracts ''hich 

na r b e re ~l e'.7ec<.. shall :1ot be L1 

excess of tlle r1inir.mm re cui:ced 

~r the code 

( 2) Sa:1e ·t. :."::e 2.s Coc.e :~o . 13 o.bove 

S['De Co ~e 13 n.bove . 

o~:e co::c:_i tio:l. Sc:ne t :rpe c:'.S Co cLe ~~ . 

J4 (L.!::) above . 

One co:1(.-_i tio·'l. Sr:.me -:9e as Coc":.e :. ~o . 

;;4 ( 4 ) a"Jove . 

O:r:e co:1r:'_ i tion. Se;.w t~rpe n.s Coc~e ~io • 

.. J.z, ,"':oove. 

One co--:( i tio·:. r ., 

0 ;->,J OVLl e 

Or..e co·:(.i "Sian. 

:?4: (4:) above 

s:--- 1e t~--oe C'.S Coc'.e : :o . 

__ 1:1inw"l .. ,P,_;e to ['_"()""'Jl-r t o 10'7est cl0ss 

~ ·· o- re r'"' 011] -r e·"o•1-Jti"'.' ' s'-iller1 ..... -16. .L . .L .;. - ~ .,_) ~ ~ v t . - ... ...., -.. . -· -

e.1i s~ :ill.ec:. '·o::c

1

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. ·o • 

..... 

64 

rs 

9 

rMticrJ. ~::tc: . I:.~.cl.~st:L :·. 

( ··nrovccl. J.CJ/9/3') b·-

-~_:..e P·:-csi c..ent) 

··- ,~ --eJ J.a · :.~. •·• I 1t.1: c- tr~~ 

(. ·J::cv ~c J.O /' / -~ o;' 

_,_: G f:·esi dc:1.t) 

"'X' :L"<.' :levi c ~. L1clus t ::.·--

(.:::-;- ·~ ove ~. lOI CII':.J-: o·· 

'vhe p· 8 ~· G.8 • t) 

:J:.. ... ess :·:c. I ·1 ... ~·i· i"' .-

( :--7 :cover. 10/'ll ".r:r 

~:1e P·· e s i ct.e"l t ) 

'vnrtisi:·1.._' -,eciel~-­

I '0.'.1.£' t:•:c 

(c:-- ~')::." 0 · er:.' 10/ 1j ,.~- o·· )~ 1c P:cPsiC'e:.1t 1 

S.."'c-- : ·.1r;_ Pl~ .. ::- t~ .. it ~s :·, _ 

f.:c'..s t:;::-

( ~ .. ...,. :.·o· .. ~ec lJ./L)';,j -._, .. ,.. 

t~ e Fj:eGicl .1.t 

·~··"=' ':' .J .!. - l 

1 ~ ::r.c"li:1e I'or•l ~'-'- '· orci...,_,~. 

: :.:-.c~ i~"..e ·- I 1 d.· .s t1·--

( ~. ni·o·re( 1. I I ~ -::> ... 

t}!e Fi-e s i6.e·1. ·J) 

l 1.,_, j0tto·1 , .:i.''Hnt L'.ci_· st:i_' '' 

( ::·n:·o·reC: J .. ll 71~' b=· 

-~:1e PTcsiC .. e:1 ~) 

-19.-

On' L!OT.:.. i t.;.o· .. 

::3 <'.iJOVC . 

Cn8 co1. -_i tion . 

0 above . 

0·,8 CO H3.itiOi1 e 

0 £'..00VC e 

,....~ . 1e t·:-.)e <'.S Co: o o . 

( l) .~ .. ~~ o sc,"l{.; i:"!. .(~ ster .. .. re<'. (.'.:.:t . ,TI , 

Sec . o st;-J•e( ·u.:ti1 Zurt~1e:.~ '18".:. -

in.·· 

(r) ::>e:1-.ii1'" S11.C .. l st~:- ·1 ir~i;mn ::.·<'..te s: '"'.2.1 

e $1.<!: . 00 C\.:..·t. . I· , sec. 7) 

( -'~ '''J., ic:;.tio:' of coclc st~--ec~ .... s to 

:1''.-r· ... :".ct-..ce o ~ cl:.·esces i.'1 c~ :.e . 1 

cu'..:.to·1 contc:"!.t 11. .. :::.tiJ s '..C~1 lle.::.::.~i:·.:; 

( 1) ·!:) . e -.:,,:; ho·,-~ ·)··o\rl· ,.l· O'"<' ..,h ... ~ 1 ·Je ··'"'L.J ;. ... \,.'_ -- ·- h ~ l .. ;..) .:JJ. 

( :.::) 

~:ri.D0i"SC0.8'"' o·· t: .. osc 0 .... t'1e ?:·i:l~

i·,_ ... I:.1c.nstr · ,.~1e:1 o.•Vlrovec".. 

S:··1e t --.;8 !" s ro ·.c ~ ·o. ~ ".Jove ... 

c· e CO 'l~ . .:. tio:l. P:.. 0 risio:~s ::o· ti·le 

o t:.i· (_ ~o-4· ov8rtil.e st<'. ·e~ u·1ti1 

J· r: c_:-.r·• 1 , 1S34.. 

. . c·:c CO'l(i tio·'l. Sto.-- oi (.; :.~t . v·:-;- , 3C . 

'Ji'O":isio;'- ·~tt c .-:Jti:r; to i'i:: ·wices. 

0 ~ 1· ""'.,.....J··o- e o·· ·1oc'1· ~-- .._ ... ,. .. .. ;.:, c.;~ ~.J .lo. J. • . " ,. "'t,. 

( 1) c-':.-; u.p -roC1uire·1e!1tc. :.:or accc·--,tl'."JJ .. e 

SL .t8 l"Jriso 1 l -- ·.Jor Cot~es 

( ") ~~ 18 t·:--1c c.s Coc"e :·o . 6_ ( 1) ".bO e 
I• 

II 

II 

II 

I! li 

1! () . 

l lJ _, c' S•"'rir t !nc'.ns ·· 

( <' ··"'rove ~1_ :'..1117 ~~~':.; ~r 

t:H~ p-~csil:.c :.t ) 

L n <' Jcr· : ncl Pn:,, Indllstr ·-

( " ·nro" a d 11/~ 7 /':.':'.. t:· -

~1G :? ~· csi( e.l~ ) 

1 3J •·o'ceJ. I nd.ustr:· 

( ' )'"' ' 01r8.:1 ., 1 ,, r· / r " .... _I • L'. .L. I .. i ~ .. tJ 

t111"\ P es:i.de: .t) 

1 'JL'. 

l .'J:=i 'L"I:'.o l ste:-··· a:_c" :; -rTV-:i' ·r 

~ G--tllc I ·u:':ci.str--

( c> ·):•"' l'O re :. 11 / ':;?/'J i.r,r 

t.1c P:"es:.clen t ) 

1 27 - e i:r: f(J l., C l Y_ :3 1 ·~.-~ r i r J. £; 

:='·'.-br ier ti n,-~ L-1<1-;.stry 

( - 1, ' "'/ ' ' ' '7 , :--;.-~ ro r.. .. 1 , •• ..; o -

t l:..e rre :' id.en t) 

1 30 P re cio1 s J e"eh·-- Pro .::._,,_ci ·· Ii'lCUS t:r r 

( '"'- ,. ') ~ .. , "(- lJ- i .,.? ; "'" • • .J. .J' I;] - ~ v •J 

t h e P:;_ e r; iier ... t) 

~ 

19

I'ro siO l l.l{' 't.G "or ll£:>.r i·1:_:; ·C'o r c:_ c'c Yi.''lin

i;.1,:::; r.dG n l;.c ·r o f :··L1inu.n ':':''"'.;;es cs t -:t-.)j_i r;bec. 

·o: · ~: e c oG.o . 

Oi~ 2 cmc' it io;'l. 

J.l ) C.JOYEh 

S·>.le c~-)0 :-' S Cor,_e :·o . :-:4 ~) .-) J 

s··ne t:·-:._oe " S Col'-.8 :·o, 11':: c::Jovo 

7t.lrt 1r;:c~ Oi'G.e::.· s~ J.~. consti tute [l. 

~ 1 ) S·, l'l -,~ . s Cor: o --o. J. Orc; :-.oo-..rr; 

( ) -: i :ll t c.. j l~s :·.) _ of :.x:..;,y -:e :..· --~ 

t ::o j •)(.o :1.tho it r ;-'1.( u~ tY i. n 

t: '"~: ...: . 

( ) ~ i :·lt to ~~Ul C ') :~ ;·n r :~e·.~ ·:ese~;_

~j : o- t 1e o.~ yo s on the 

C') d) .C .Oi i t :-

( ' ) ,c ·.; lc"~ -.-·.·ovl· c;o:1 e ..,- c~ l- . e··c e c- .. ;::) -..J -::> - - . .:.>- - .... - ~ ... ~ ~ . . .. - - ;,:, 

s i v, c o ne:1s c:..t j_o ~·'- t o e ::':eou t i ve ..; 

C)Gi H' ::.-· · "'v.r tlle :- i '. es ti _";r :. 

( ··) ~-l. i tm.~s , c-.1.:.J.;:1o :..·s · . .::.lL".. C:.:r:;. Y.t i sts 

e .·:o-: )t e '"_ .:. :ro!1 ce rt L1 co cle -._, r Jvisiu::s , ·J e i ·· "L ·; o-~ si e..~.e ".. i :1 11 c :·:'9"--

ti'' e :·o:·: : 11 

...... - -·- v0 C 8 L O • f'" - ,_1 <'.oov e . 

(l ) GJ:' :·1 ts e:·c ·:~ o~1 ·.:- ro·1 ~. s Coc".. e 

to .. ':lnc· .ct· _:_ e;.· ~1 o :12.s "Je-:;J:. oc' el""'-

t i n. · ·,_;;_ ckr ~.-,-: o t :b..e :;_· c oC.e L >o s o 

ele cts --.:..,_(._ · 'i 1 ns in tel".. t i o n 

( r) l :.. vi~~io: c:_1L'c l_o ·Y 1 "'lC' ' ' :'lO t le te 

t •ro ~0 ;_v•ul' s;1::.::t:. '')C' T ·-:-oe: : SG(l.:'oc . 

..::'o: · ~ o.~:r . 

One C·) 'lC":.J t. iOj1 . 

l (\.:; ,. JOVe • 

0 10 e u· '.':!. ticm . 

GO ~- r- ;. ~ • 
In c"..ust ~.r 

1~2 Ct:'"l : ·_,.,:T_factll:-crs L16 .• 

( t:'')')I'OVCd . .,_,_';} /:5 j._/:J 'J;:r 

t:1e ::.·e~iC.ent) 

133 

153 

·rc-.lve ,~ "..C~ :::'i tti:1 ··s 

I::.c.ust:r~-

( c YJ:..·o·;cd 12;-'.. f5/03 

t~1e P:..'eside:1t) 

--,~ c8t-·l enc L1c~ . 

(t:'·)=Ji.'OVCd 12/] 3/':..3 

t~le P::· e siclent) 

1o'-1

: ·:·:i t·~eC. Oute:r•.·e ~".. i.' ! ;1cl. 

( ..., .-y ·'o·-e-r'J 1?/1,., ,,..,... b-- e. . ..:. ..!.. .... 4 - I .. ' \..J I 

t: c P::c sl cl.ent). 

174 :-.u'Jbei.' Tire i :f - . I ·1cl. 

( 2. ··:·ovecl 12/ 21/':3 b~r 

t~1e Preside::1t) 

17: ::ec iun e.nC. Lo.-r ?'i'iced. 

.Je"7e1:::.--- : ·:rg. Indu.str~r 

(o:r·rove ... 12/ZS/03 u~r 

t~1e P:;.·esiier:t) 

179 :J.ect::-ot-,.. i -~ "'~l.d Stereo ~:-)i~~ ·, Inrlustry 

98~1 

(a ·-,i.Ao-,ecl 1"' ;~ '::J /03 b·.r 

t:,e P:t·esiier.t 

- l'JC-

,-

v 

(1, Co.'c .. t;·-.. J ,. ·t e: j;~:rl: , 1~'3~ 

, 1ti i.. ~-·m· a' le ··e'Jort o f"od.e 

-:~.t w:;,· i t~; ·:o·- l. on tinu~-lce 

(~) s--1. t :--e ~s _.o-.e:·o . '4_ (1) a9ove 

( ~) ? c::.-:::o:ls :-u-~ · _ l ~ -w.1cl'lli' "'i. .... : i·•s 

::c--.:"..t.-~cl 0 1· o:c:1 1.: ~ t - fo::t J-elia:.:. 

( l) 11 vt.lf;i.- ~e;-ri to r ies :•:1•l. ·oos~css

i o :1 s o: U. S. s ."'.11 "b t; " .1 b j e c t to 

:~cl.' .:-.i ir~1 -- ~ r;e Dist::cict here.i.;"... 

( ::) S;-'le ~.-_,,e cs Coc..e :1o . 4 c.bo re 

O"'.e co:1~-;_ i ~io·1 . p- icc lists 

e 8-V<.i 1.. .-Jle :or incnec t io . 

t:r2.J.e ·)·.:·ties co·1c-.::.·:1ed. 

On . co:c"i:io:1. 

:~4 ( 4) ~:"Jove . 

One co:;.r' i tiol'l. 

~::.: "1bo· e 

·f ileC::. s: --11 

of ?11 tl e 

One c011C:i tio·'l. !'eserv2.tion to ·Jo0i:Z;r 

coie :-o· ; ~ions r.ft ·! r in res ti.;- tio·1 b:-

;_c_ui·'.istr~to_' [' 1'.·- :::r .r. c. uithin 90 G.;'..:: s 

... J • 

co ;~c 1. 111. 0:1 • ~ r . -.JO :: uOVCe 

( 1 :::y~1o· eer n< :• ~ ... ":·e ·-o::;:-': :i t.l 1 ocr1 

: C"c:1T1ics i:t t:1ei:· tl"< c'..e .•:1e;1 s cl"' 

:1o-.....rs ~C:ju~tc~ - r.ru.tu_l .r -rec:2e:1t 

.. i t l: their eT.1 11o ·ers, "'1C!. such re-

,..-,_e,..t ·1~ ~ ·iJ~ ;:>;_YJe~ 1eri to loco.l 

1· bor bo~ rd.s 

(j) c .. ist:.· tc~:.- "18 -- ·.-·ithi.: 0 ·1o~1~hs , 

:::erou i · e t:L!. s i 11d,1s t ;· o ".Jeco:1e 

'1 :;,·t o·:.' C'-:r -,~,ic .:..rts L1dustries 

-:te~ ~~ r~~ F~~ uithout ch"'n~e 

OJ.' ::'~e.~. i:1itio·1s or cdni:1istr ative 

1J. o·.;isio:J.s. 
!.IP::Ov_.D COD~ 

In ustr~r 

lOto-::::..:; '"'.vi nc; Ind. 

( o:TJ::-ovec". 1 :. 2~ ~i:. "J:-

1;]2 ·e t <'.il :::-'o oc"',_ ::.nC: C' ro r:~ 

1'"11-.£' r:_e 

( .... -·nrove c L./ ~)0 ~;:: b·c 

the P:;.·esi c'.ent) 

1'J~ 1o·.1..s e c.nd S.:irt i ::f [;. 

::: :1C.11..st l~ies 

( ,""'-TJrove c. 12/:iO '::.·~ b:• 1e Pl· esi0.ent) 

1'36 · oles o. 1e :J::o oc1 a nC. 

~-ro cer=- T:tm e 

(c:."Tn~oved 1/4 / '0--'::: b- ~ 

t~1e Pl·esic.e.1t) 

202 C<'l"':'Jet o:-:1o. c i:o.nul cctLrins Industry 

( c:rJ:Jroved 1/12 / 34 "'J·-

the P:~esi cl. ent) 

204 Pb.B 1binc :::'ixt ures L:.ci. 

c:-·J:~J roved. 1/12 / 34 "J Jtl1e "'\.C'.2·.1i:!.1istr'-l.tor) 

21 7 .: ent2.1 Le.bor.:-. to:.· r Ind.. 

a1 roved 1/ ~2 ~4 ~ J.., 1\ , • • .!. t ) 1e _,,,_C'.LH !1lsur?.. o:.~ 

231 St1..rc ic<.l 1 :::-e s si--,c I nd .• 

(_-:>;Y! roveci. 1/27 / ':.4 ·:J:• 

the "J _;· li:: istr-'"'.tor) 

9844 

( l) 

(;·) 

s.""'ne 

S Cl"o1G 

.... - .!.. 

Co 0.e ~· . l71J 

Co d e ~o . ~ 7') 

2."'Jove 

""'OOve 

( 1) 

( ?) 

(l ) Pr o•risio:c1 T)U!"" )O::ti-,_t.: to s e t :1i ·1i :n.l.:" i 

t r r-..:·1.s-1 o rt.--.t io:.,_ ~1o.:;: r;e s t o .1 8 :tc 1~1 t 

s t ··.:·er1 00 c:c~, s 1l _i:n.c_; h e .:' :c i :1._::; 

L. ov i s l on "):_ vions1 r cove :;:eC:.. o:r_ 

::Ye ci.e::c ::-.1 st c:-- tute e1L1i:1 ,~. tec. 

S--:-J e t ·•-Je ~·. s Coc'.e -~ . 1 03 o.oove . c. --

On e co (~ i tio:-1. : :o '... actu:L~e .:-s10.. s 2.1e of 

s·Jecif i c ;1.rtic1es sto.~ •eC'. o.s co:-.1L1:; un .e:L~ 

code 1n t i1 heo.rL1(' to cl et e rmi:-te ·: :1e he:L~ 

or :10t s·c·.ch ·) ro··J e:L~1 -r con es U<10.er t h e code . 

(l) St e.~- o::' 00 1::.:~ s on setti11[; up 

c1 ...... s sific;- tio;,_ of customers 

( 2) Sen e t :-·Je ;.s Co c~. e 182 ( 1 ) a"Jove 

( 0 ) ?:.i .::;ht o::.n U. S. ".iho1esa1e Groce:L~ 1 s 

As3 'n to re re tio n on code 

. thori t •r to be consi cl_ered 

( Ll-= ) S.~ .. ' 1e t:-:-9e o.s Co C.e 102 ( 2) ~:o ove 

( 5) Sc.··1e ~-y e _ 2.s Co C'.e 103 2.bove 

On e co:1C:.i -tio:l.; 

v isi on s t .:·.:•e c.1 . 

Volune o.iscount ") j_~O

( Aj: t . VI I , Sec . 19 ( 2.) 

0::.1e ~) ~_c'_ i tio·1. :~e t·- e 2.s Co O.. e o . 

1'J 6 ( 1 ) C.J OV3 

0 :-1.e c ·Y1d.i t. io·.,_ . Li:1i t .tion of hours 

shc:.l1 "Je LlcO e::c e:·Jt ··rh c:;re e is r 

1e eD:) 10 ~'"e e in the u.bo::.~ ..., tory '7hen 

it shc:tJ.1 oe 41: 

One C'Y"'cc:'.i t i on . St'Jno t :-·Je as Coc: e ·-o . 

1 0 t::."J ove . 
.:\I P~ .. o .:::D C0:;:)2 

Im'..ustr_r 

2'"'2 : :ercha.ncli se ·. ~ 'i'ehousi:.1~ 

T:~~.(e 

2'7 ..... v.J 

( . 11rovcc\. 1 I ?7 I,..,-?: b:• 

t:1e Ac"L.1i~ic:-t:i. ~tor) 

3.c.il 17r.:' :rF~ss C<' r c~n(. 

~oco·:oti ·e Jo '.'i~n...,1 :~e'"'r

i·".:;s "':~,, .~stinss i.!:~,.. .• 

Il:clus t r:r 

2.-)"'J'i~ vecl l i 2S I 34 o:' t~J.e _clni·list or) 

234 : t:.C['.:i.~ :·li Ind.u!1t r 

( r--1lJroved l i ?SI34 b~r 

tl e Afu.1i::1i st :r['to r ) 

236 Coo::i nt; 2..1d HN1tinc; A·l-

·1li2.:.1c e Lf G• Indus try 

( c1uro ved 1130134 by 

e Ac"J·tLlistra tor) 

237 .:ule~r Castinv I:1.du str y 

g~~ oved ~O J4 b~ 

t :1e Aclni:1istr<'.to r) 

239 Porcela in,Lr erkfast ~r

~it~ e : s sen ling :nd. 

( a·1~J:co ved l 130134 by 

the Acw-:Jinistr o..tor) 

240 ! ... c: ertis lnt; Di s!ll 2.:· L 1-

ste.llG. ti o~1 Tr <:>.cle 

a-.J~)r o· eCI. li':;O I 34 bJ' 

t'1e Ac-1ir, st ...,~ or) . 

241 Cheni ::.r; 8ur.1 i if~ · I:1d. 

( aYJr oveC:. ~Ot'4 b7 

~~e Acni~i ~to r 

243 Slide ~rstener Ind. 

( a-rro r oved ~, 11 04 b~ 

t' .e Actninistr :-.t or) 

9841 

- lS -

0 lC CC ., • J...! 

I.IJ. 

, ,... ~ j_,, .:--.oov •• 

Q· .e CO'"'..t .i ti0'1• s~-.,e t:me .. s .ode ·:o . l r ., 

-w .;tJO C . 

( 1 ) sr-JC t··-·)8 cs Code no . 1 51 ( 3) 

Fl. 0 re 

( 2) 0 1e·1 .,..>~·ice ili~r- st ed f o ' 60 

(....,;- s. 

One. co:1c i tio·1. St ·~ ' of -:-:1.i t ine ")er · od. 

bet'.re c:1 ... i lL1. · of ptices R.nd ef · e cti ve 

dat e oZ ::evi se'J. ,.. r i c e l ist fo r SO co.ys 

(1) S<': lc t ;:r.:.Je es Cocle iio . 13 abo e 

( 2) ~;:1e t:f"l?e as Code l~ . 236 above 

O:".e CO.lCi tio:l. s, ... :"le t :rpe a s CoC:.e ~:o . 

236 c:-~ ve . 

One c o::r1.i tio~1 . S"J1e t ·-)e '1S CoC'.e -o . 

?33 G.bove . 

Q·1e c or;.cl · tion. Snne t·-,e a s Coc e ~o . 

~3 · 2.bove . 

( l sa~1e :r)e ,"'.S Oode l:o . ~ -=tb ovo . 

( 2) Sr ·. e t~~"le as ode i.To . 2~6 above. 
llP~'~OVED .ODE 

Indust ry 

2~5 Corrugatad and Sol id 

Fibre Shipning Contain-a .1 Indus ry 

(anr roved 2/1/3--x by 

tne ~~ini str tor) 

2-±6 ·Paper Disc l.ilk :Bottle' 

Cap Indus try 

(approve 2/l/3<:r bJ' 

he .Ad rinistr tor) 

2~7 Food Vish an Pulp and 

Yaper Pl· te Industry 

(approved 2/1/3~ by 

the Administr ator ; 

2~8 Glazed. and F"'ncy Pane r 

Industry 

~pp rove d 2/l/ 3~ by 

·the Administr::ttor) 

2~9 Tag Industr y 

( ann roved 2/l/ 3'± by 

the Administr~t or) 

250 --ire , Rod , and Tu-be Die 

I d.u!=:tr v 

(approv~a 2/l/o':t by 

the Administr<:Jtor) 

252 Cvl i ndrical Liquid 

Tibht Paper Container 

Ino.us try 

·(approv;;d 2/l/ 2<:r by 

tle Administrator) 

25~ Athl e i c Go ds . Ind. 

·(app r oved 2/2/3<± by 

the Administr at or) 

257 Printing Equipmen Industry c=tnd Tr ado 

(app r oved 2/2/3q JY 

the Administr1tor; 

-199-

C')NDIJ!I)!I!S n- 0~2)E-.:- OF APPROVAL 

One condition. Same type as Code;; ~o. 

236 c=tbove . 

One condition . Sa:ne ~rpe as· Code To . 

2~6 e1.bove , CYU.!J l ed 111ith. pr ovision for 

he a ring 1"i thin 90 drys if so de si r ed 

by the Administ r a tor. 

One condition . Same type · s Code liTo . 

2'±6 ::1bovo . 

One con<ii tionc S2me t.vue as Code ;To . 

2">:6 above . 

Ona conditinn. Same t·.rpe as Code rio . 

2·.6 abo ve . 

lne conC:.i t ion . Same type <· s Code ~Jo . 

236 bove. 

. . 

One _~ di ion . Same tyue A.s Code ro . 

2':.:6 above . 

One condition. Same type a~ Code -o . 

13 above, coup1cd T"Tith nrovisinn for 

~eaj~in2,; mi thin 90 d:=w s if so desired 

by the ~~~i nistr tor. 

1

)ne condition . · Sar.1e· tyue <s Code Fo. 

236 f1bove . 
7o . 

25 

APr_O E:J CO:JE 

Cast-Iron Boil e r and· CastIron Radia or Ind stry 

(apn rovcd 2/3/3~ by 

the ..... drr1ini s t at or) 

259 Hat f g . Indust ry 

(anpr oved 2/5/3 by 

he Administr tor) 

260 Ornar.enta l , olding, 

Ca ving an r rning Ind . 

(appro1ed ~/5/3~ by 

the Administr~to ) 

261 Foundry Suuply Industry 

(approved 2/5/34 by 

the Adrninis r a ter) 

263 .,achine Knife anC. .Allied Steel Produc s 

f g . Industry 

(ap··1 roved 2/6/34 by 

the _dQinistr· tor) 

26<± FounC:.. ry Equiument Ind . 

(apllroved ·2/6/3-± by 

the hdministra tor) 

265 Coffee Indus ry 

(enn roved 2/6/3~ by 

the Administrator) 

267 Us e i re~tile Bag Ind. 

(apuroved 2/8/34 by 

the hdminis r ater 

268. Secon'ary Aluminum Ind. 

(approved ~/8/3~ by 

the ;,.d'!inic:; r a.tor 

269 Car bon l~ck 'f g . Ind. 

(e.pproved /8/3~ by 

the Q~inis ~ or) 

98<:ti 

-: OCCl_.:;)Iri :s I . O?DE!t OF APPROVAL 

ne cono· tio . Pr)vision ·es ricting 

sale o , ·1 ol srller ,., .o sells to deale r 

e1 r1 r.:. ces clor·· lis ed t)rlce of such 

mcr,.ber s~ ricken ou . 

One condi ion . Safle yue as Code ~o . 

236 above . 

One condi ion. Same type as Code 1 o. 

23b above . 

One condition . Same ty-pe · s ode ro . 

236 above. 

on~ condition . Same type as Code o. 

23 abov8 . 

(l) l..:i.mi ting e_-e..,ntion I ron hour pro- - visions. 

(2) .Relative to Administra ion e.bers 

(l ) Sc.r.e ty· ~e '1S Code ro . 151 (3 above 

(2) Scme tv-oe s So 8 ·o. 26-: (1) abov..-

~ condition . S me yue ~s Code -o . 

119 A.bove. 

One condition . a~e t ype as Code ·o . 

236 above . 

Cne conii ion . San e tyne as Code ·o . 

236 . 
APP-;OVED CO:Jf 

t~'"l . Industr;r 

.. 

2'/0 :· .ood. 'Heel Industry 

( anpro.ved. 2/9/.54 by 

the ·AciP!inistr··t or) 

272 ·Unit Heater and/or Unit 

. Ventilator Hfg. Ind . 

(approved 2/10/34 by 

thG Ad~inistrator) 

274 Sa'!J'' and Steel Products 

i f.cr . Industry 

(approved 2/10/':JL't by 

the ~dmin istrato ) 

276 Pleatin , Stitching and 

Bonnaz and nd Emuroide ry Indus t r.r 

(approved 2/10/3~ by 

the President) 

278 .Trucking Industry 

(approved 2/l /3~ by 

the Pr esident) 

280 Retail .Sol id uel Ind . 

(app~oved 2/ ~/3~ by 

the Pres.id.en't) 

281 Laundry Trtde 

(rpp roved 2/ 6/3~ by 

the President) 

282 Restaur ant Industry 

(a~proved. 2/ ~/3~ by 

the P:;:-esident) 

- 3 l -

CO lTD IT I Or S D~ 0~ .)ER OF APPROVllli 

One conrlition, Same type as Code ro . 

23C .o.bove . 

· One ·condition. Same type ns Code No • 

2~ 6 A.bOVE' , 

One condition . Stay~ fi l ing of· orices 

for period of 60 days or until a completion of e. study of open 'price associ o t i ons b;y N?..A . 

One co:r.J.i t ion . Same A.s Code Fo . · 

119 rtbove . 

On'e condition. Vehicl es engaged in 

~ r ehousing of furniture shall r egiste r 

~ith Code Cornnittee of proposed Code 

for Househ0l d Goods Sto r age and 1\~ oving 

Trade and. if AP •'roved , thereafter mith 

the Cod a uthority, 

One condition . Same type as Code Fo . 

174 above . 

(l) 5 conditions setting u-n trLd e 

areas an~ central bonrds therefor. 

(l ) Provisions r e5 e1 rding spread. of 

working h"lurs and nUT"lber of shifts 

per day stay ed. 

(2) Work neek shal l not . e increA-sed 

prio~ to dtte of order, 

(3) Furthe r investis·· ti ,n of stop l oss 

n~ vision orae e~ . 

(4) Same type as Code No . 119 above . 
APPROV7:J CO E 

1 0 . Industry 

285 ail~ay C· r uilding Inc. 

(approved 2/16/3q by 

the Administra tor) 

286 Beauty nnci ub r Shop 

1.1echanical Equipment 

.- fg . Indus try 

(apnroved 2/16/34 by 

the Administr ator) 

287 Gr~ hic Arts Industries 

(approved 2/17/3~ by 

the President) 

288 Daily i::evrspaper Publish.:_ 

ing Business 

(approred 2/17/3~ uy 

the President) 

289 Clo h --eel Ina.us ry 

(anuroved 2/17/3~ by 

the Administrrtor) 

290 ?ho ogranhi c .. ount Ind . 

(ap rov d 2/17/3~ y 

he Adn inistra or) 

·~ 2-

CO "DIT 0 ·s r:· 0.:-'illErt Of APPROVAL 

(1) ~cfi itions of Industry and of 

.embers of he Indu~try varied. 

(2 , .axi mum hours of "Covrer nlant emnloyees docr ased . 

(3 J Same yne as Coa.e o. 13 abov~" : 

Cne condition . Same es tyne in Code 

Jo. 236 n.bove • 

(1) Po~er given o Labor Boerd in Sec . 

2'"", p!" I ~ i ven to code authority 

and comuliance boards , and Section 

setting U1) board dele ed. Labo r 

:::>oa ·d set uu by Adminis r o o V'ith 

po ers and du ies. 

(2) . axi~UM hours set up not to be construed as Qinimum. 

(3 , Provision for hearing on definitio ~ 

and other provisions in ~ode . 

(4) Provisions for nesting code provisions as to h~urs , "'a es and empl oyment ~s well as the Order. 

(5) Same t e as Code .To . 13 above , 

(6) Same type as Code To . 118 (1) 

(1) Dctermina ion of hour s and P.ges 

for ne~c cien~r ~cnt or kers shall 

be made not la er than 60 days 

hence . 

(2 ) ~dminist a i~n membe rs shAll give 

pe~ticular at en ion to mino r s delivering and selling n e spaners. 

(3) This as inse r ted to give notice 

tha regArdless of the hedge again!: 

~odifications u der Sec . 10 (b) , tr 

r re sicent could u ilize the p r ovisions of Sec . 3 (d) of the Act . 

Cne conii ion . S~e tyne as Code 236 

above . 

condit i m . Same ty·'"le a Code ·o. 

2 r£ aoov~.- . 
AP~::tOvtD CODE 

lJo . Indus t r~ 

291 T·: ood Ce so;;;d Lee 1 encil 

1.fg . Industry 

( aop roved 2/17/24 by 

the Adm inist rat or ) 

292 Chille~ Car ~ heel InQ, 

~p roved 2/17/3~ by 

the A~ini st rator) 

293 Gumming Industry 

(app roved 2/17/0~ by 

tne Ac'..minist rator) 

294 GumT'led Label and :Er:fuo~sed 

Seal Industrv 

(apn r oved 2/ l7 ~ by 

the Anm inistra tor\ 

295 ~. ater ,..oof Pape r Industry 

(approved. 2/17/3,1: by 

the Administrato r) 

296 Fluted Cu.p, Pan Li ne r 

- nd L. ce Pape r Indu stry 

(apnroved 2/17/04 by 

the Administr qtor ) · 

297 Adve r tising ristr ibuting 

TrAcie 

(app roved 2/17/34 by 

the President) 

298 Wi in :~ Cloth b.dustry 

(approved 2/17/3~ by 

the Aciministrat or ) 

300 Lye Industry 

( approved 2/19/3~ by 

the Aciministrato r) 

301 Sample Ca rd Indust ry 

- ::!C3-

cornr-:::IONS I1T O.!:illER OF A-:'P""OVAL 

One condition . Same type as Code No. 

13 a.bove . 

Price structure st yed pending further 

i r:.vest i gEl tion. 

One CO 'ldi tion. Same ty: e c s Co cie No. 

13 above . 

One condition. Same type as Code No. 

2~6 above . 

One cond ition. Same type a s Code No. 

2':.6 abo're . 

One concH t i on . Same t;YTJe as Code No . 

246 above . 

One condition. Same type as Code No . 2L.±:6 above . 

(1) Boy s ~ and 15 may be employed 

not to exceed 3 hrs pe r day bet'rreen 7 a . m. and. 7 p .m. 

(2) S.:~.me type as Code lTo . 287 (3) above 

(3) fffects of h ours and r ptes of pay 

ot office ~ork rs to be r epo r ted 

in 90 days. 

One condition. Same ty e as Code No . 

119 r1 bove . 

One condition . Same type as Code No . 

2':1:6 above~ 

One condition. Same tyne as Code No. 

2·-6 above . 
APP .O'G:D CO:J:;: CO'Oi:Io:·s I: OlDE!l 0.!! AFP~OV.AL 

ndu~tr~ 

304 Out!.l o_~ Ac'vt.rtisi:1- Tr~.c.c n~;.. con· .... tion. S'"';•C ·pe ,:"IS Coce ro . 

( '\yorovecl "'3/24/7,-t by 23o ~- ovt. . 

the Ac !in str~to:.· J 

3C5 Fibr-- C., . .,_ anc'. 1.be InC:. . 

(a:p 1rovec 2/24/':•1 bJ 

t 1e Ac'' .... 1L1istr'"'..tor 

306 i :ica Inc-;.us try 

~pu:ro ved 2/24/34 by 

t~e Administrator 

307 Stc..~' l:fg . Industry 

(app:.~oved 2/26/34 b~r 

the Administrate~) 

308 Fishery Indust:~y 

(auproved. 2/26/34 b.r 

the President) 

311 Re?.d~~ i;ixecl Concrete Ind . 

(a~proved 2/27/34 b 

the Aclu1ini s trator) 

312 arr oB Fab ics 11~ . 

(ap·9roved 2/27/34 b~r 

t11e Administrator) 

One "'on.; t i011. S-u .• e t -oe as Coc'.e ro . 

24S a.'oove . 

(1) l 111:90rter"' i::rt.l..S t be sho···n to be a 

:cepresentative group before inelusion . 

(2) SeLle t-oe e:.s Coda :o .246 above . 

(1) SP.r.Je t :-=.0e as Code lTo .287 ('3) above 

(2) Sane t :·9e a~ Code :To .24 (5) above 

Gne condition . Sane t~~e as Code To . 

151 (3) above . 

One condi t i 01 • Sa.ue type as CoCI.e o . 

236 above . 

One condition . St y of home rork in 

the Ino.ustr ~.r anc\. provision for a 

study of sitUC'.tions elative thereto . 

313 Steel "Jool Industry One condition . Sar:1e type as Code o . 

(ap.9roved 2/28/34 b1 236 aoo e . 

the Adoinistrator) 

315 Industricl Safety Equi~) One condition . SDj. e t, e as Co{e o . 

ment Industr~r and In- 23) above . 

dustrial Safet:T :6qui9ment 

Trade 

( ?.porov'3d by tl e _ 0.ninistrc.tor 3/1/~ .. ~) 

319 l ens~:Jp:yer • rin .inP:; ?ress 

Industry 

(a:sr')rovecc 3/5/34 by 

the A~inistratorJ 

323 Die Castin: i~F Ind.~str~ 

(app~oved 3/8/34 by 

t11e AC...1ini s ra.tor) 

9844 

One co1dition . Firenen li~ited to 45 

hours ra. t:1e :· t ".ll 48 ue :r "'ee : . 

0·1e cor.O.i t ion . Sane tJpe as Code o . 

13 e~b0ve . 
AP?-:ov: ~ co:J·: 

Inc' u s try 

3~') !~o:;.·ses~oe .sn.C1. AlJ iec-:. 

ProC'.uc t s -·r ~- . I c~ . 

(e.Y .ro'.·ed ~> 'J 3'1 b:· 

tllO AU.li'1iSt:i.'C' tO:i.') 

~) ..... 7 · :2.c:d e A-op 1 i e d Sta~' le 

:::'.~1 -'. St[;:o lir..c5 I:ac: in.e I nd . 

(c-:p·,roveJ. 0 / lO/'i'J: by 

tl.1e AL·2: lnist:tato:.- ) 

- 3lf-

(1) S:~J.le t -pe as Core :·o .2~.::> aocwe 

( 2 ) Sc;.1e t•roe ns Cot e :To . 90 o.~ove 

(1) Saue ~=·y_) .s.~> CoO.e :-o. 236 above 

(:::) S:->; :e t:•oe as Co0 e :To . 13 c.bove 

329 \.;'p~1o1st ~r S JT inc· ?n0. Ac- (1) S8re t<~:Je c-.s Coc-:..e ::.··o . 236 o.bove 

cesso··ies i ·"',-; . L1cl . 

(c-,:.o·"':~o,reC::. 0 /10/ ?-/'.; ~J:; 

the ~·- i·list~c-.tor) 

3:30 Scr .:\"9 I ro:i1 , ~-:-01 fe:c:· os 

S cra:9 : :e t :-.1 s <" ~, c-:. /[' .s te 

; e. te riP..1 s r<".C~ e . 

( a:;y)l·ovecl :/12/31 o~r 

the Presid.ent) 

331 ~ul~: Dr nl in_~ St r aYr , 

1Jr a:oped Drinl:in3 St:i.'a\7, 

~-r:J~opGd Toothpicl: <-~.n:3. 

'Wro.:(roc0. ::e'1icu.Te St i cl>.: 

£\_o~•~o e ·L 3/ 1.!:) "-Ll b~.­

the Ac,..: lini s t :L·nt O:i.' ) 

3J3 Conv-as Go od_s Inf_. 

c:t~? roved 3 /16/ 34 b~r 

t he f~ ~istrator) 

One conc'.i t ion . Co c'.e Au.thor i t~r and./ or 

Ac'uini strc..tioi.:. : ·e:.be r shc.l1 r epor t 

\7:1e t' '.Gi' SU1J"·• leme~1 l" l c oc.e sar~~ 

oi~ c.e sire., ble . 

( '_; ) 

( {l) 

(J.) 

(2 ) 

(l) 

(2) 

S.:; 1e t~~9o a.s. Coc.e 1~() . 236 abov e 

: L1Lnv1 <'nd iaa::h:n.u.1 hour-s .1ade 

to c;'Y ··ly to peBJ: pe ri ods o:11y n ot 

exceel'..ing ·1:2 ~eeks :9er year 

S;ne t:,..')e ·F-I.S ·Code To . 96 above 

~~ 1e ~"2_Je c>.s Coo.e l:o • 152 e,'bove . 

Definition of 11 se 1i il ~ed. " e'!-

plo~ree stCl.:"ed until sui tC"1 b~ e one 

pTssent e& to AG1i.istrntor . 

Sc1.1e v-;e as Coc'e Fo . 3 cbove . 

['~ .e t:~)e <" S Cote o . 21G :~.bove 

p:;.·ovi s i o:.1 for <". t:.:e:1ern.l l ab or 

s ud.~r . 

3:34 :eve .: ~lf'e Dis-:n e n s i n_: .fj au i:9- (1 ) S"r:e t~~·1e ..... s Code ·o . 235 e.bove 

oe:nt I:.:c.-;.ustrv (2) S:;ne ~r_Je as Coo.e :(o . 96 above 

a~o ~~ rovecl. 3/l6/ ,..,4 oy 

the AC.1.1 i:1ist!'o.tor) 

341 F i bre c-.:1c'. ; ·e t. c:1.l ·.roi:'k 

Cl ot hing But t o:a I :fc . I nCl. . 

( a;.o'9rov ecl 3 /17/34 by 

the Ach.1 ini s t re.. tor ) 

345 Co l l ao sib l e Tube I ncl . 

~?·'J ecJ. 3 / 1 7/ 34 by 

the A: n i n istrator) 

9 844 

O:ne conC.ition. Sene t~-pe as CoC:.e 'Jo . 

24o above . 

One con{i t io ,_ . So.:1e t~rpe as CoCl.e i:T o . 

312 2bove . 

One concH t ioil . S"':1e t;-_oe c.s Coc"..e ITo . 

13 <".hove . 
J\P?_ 0 r'ZJ COJE 

In(ustr~· 

34 7 ~ :nchin\.3 '" cmC. Allied. 

Products I n0.u!1trJ 

·(o.pT)l·oved y 3/17/~54 

tl e Pre sident) ', 

349 . . e onnn.i se I 1c ·'-s try 

( a:9)roved 3/21/ 34. b~r 

the _C:J lini"' t:cc- to:·) 

352 FlaG i:fg . Incl.ustry 

(a:9;·roved 3/Jl/34 b_.-

the ru~i ni strato r) 

( 1 Sr .1.1., t·-;Je as Co,~.e ... o . 1 '1. above 

(2 1 u e t ;:,-oe L S Co.J.e ··o . 287 (3) a bove 

( 1 ) Sc.:J(~ t·r:e ,,s Col.e :·o . 1S1 ('3) above 

( 2 1 Sc::. m e ns Cot.e ··o . 246 [! bove 

( 3 i :·ours of :< tchmen 1imi ted t o 56 

:.. B.t: er t.h:1.r. 63 

One conch t io' • SPJJe t:roe as Cod.e 312 

above . 

353 Insulat i on _ oarCl. InC.ustr r One condition . E.011 r s a::1e we.ges t o 

ap~roved 3 / 22/ 34: by ~ J.ar1aii sh2.l l be str-.yed :pending furt he Aci.:.1 i n i strat or ) tl1er ortler . 

354 ·Snall Am s one'. Ai 1r:1uni tion ( 1 ) Gene r a l a.r.1en<1:1ent to the hour 

i if r; • In0.us t r ·r 

(apyroved 3/22 / 34 by 

the .Ad!1in istrator) 

356 Fuller ' s ..... e.rth Pro<luc ing 

and !'ar.'.:etin,. ! nr.ustry 

( e..~:oroved ':. / 23/ 34 by 

the ru~in strato r) 

359 Pre fo rued Ple..s t i c Products nd.ustr~r 

(appr oved :? / 23/ 34 u~­

the .AC:.ninistrator) 

360 ] rush I:f g . l 'flC'..us t r:r 

( approved. 3 / 23/ 34 by 

the .Ad.:.1inis tTator) 

362 hoto~raph c and Photo 

Finis 1in6 I nclt...st:..'J 

(a}Y)roved 3 / ?3/ 'V:.: o;:,· 

the Pfe s:i!dent) · 

363 · :e~1 ' s l·ec ,~..,ear I ndus tr.,r 

(a~)~) roved "" / 2{1_/34 b~­

the Pr e si de n ) 

364 C1a:· Drc-in 'Til e }:f(; . 

9844 

I ndustr, 

ap:orov~d 3/24/ 34 by 

the Ad8inistrator) 

p rovis ions 

( 2) :~e at ve to i~esale p r ice s 

( 3) Sc:ne type <S Code -~ 288 ( 3) ab0ve 

One cond.i t ion . 

246 a~ove . 

0·1e con(h t i •J n . 

2-15 above 

SC1Jt e t~ )e a s Code ··o . 

S£Jne tJ:Oe as Code l o . 

One con::o.itioli . Sa:1e t:":9e a s Code ·o . 

238 (3) a' ove . 

Ons condition . ~ . .ne type a s Cod..e ··o . 

236 C1,'uove . 

0,1e. conC:.ition . -~ov-ision 1ac~ for 

. stud·r 8nC. ~:-euo_ on the s chedule 

of r,iniTJUIJl l)iece rete T7a;·e s. 

0 1e cond.i t i 01 • Sr~ 1e tyne "s Code _ o • 

246 above . 
.APP~:OV.::D CV:JE 

S-. 1C::.-Lir1 e .;rick Inc~ .. 

( ao·"'roved 0/'"36/ '7.,'-z bJ..-

t!1e r'~:1inlst :e.tor) 

2" - o :.et<,il .·om.une~t Inch rt"·.-

( as) "'roved 7) 26/ 3'' b;r • 

tl~.e Ac:nini s t ·'a. tor) 

3o7 ::etc.",l Tre.::.tLF Ind·u.s trv 

( a·o)rovec 3 /"36/ 34: b~~ • 

the Adl11i::·1icot:.,:-'tor) 

369 :E>::..onnr~ing a:.1cl s-")..: c i;: l t~· 

Pape r ProC.ucts Inc.:'.nt :,,,. 

ap~ roved 3/26/'Jii.: "'u~ -

the Ac"'uli niR t:·B.tOj:-) 

370 0:9en ~:per D::- ~~i":.1-; Cup 

<md ?cou..nd l~es ti ·1; ~:- ·o;. r 

FooC:. Con tc:dneT :Lndu.s L'-• 

(<np:;.noved 3/28/3< "oy •· 

tha A''!.1in.is t:·o.tor) 

371 Sc.l1i ta:ry i :i 1'-:. 3ot tle 

ClOS"\..'.2.'8 I nd.us trr 

(ap _:;ro•;ed 3 / 26 ( 34 by 

the Ad.L1inis t::.:c-.tor) 

372 Shoe ~etui dins Trace 

( afrprovecl 3 / 27 / 3/'o: b2r 

t110 Pres i C:..e n t) 

373 Inf<mts I and. Children Is 

Jeo..r I nc:u.s t r :·· 

( cf_):9roveo. 3 / 2 7/ ~·A. 

the P J. c=> s i cle :o t) 

374 Tanning Ext r a ct Inclustr7 

( 8;')p r'Jve d. 2~ / 3£1- o~r 

the .A-'!.B ini s tre.tor) 

377 Reclairuecl Rubber i "fr· . I nd . 

(a.~):-_r ro~·ed 4/2/311 b:r 

the Administrator) 

378 Pe anut ·I3utter l '1Custr'.r 

( C1"~YC' I'')V 8 J 4/4/34 b~r " 

t he .AJnini s t:,2.to:;,·) 

9844 

0n'3 conCi tlon . Sr>.ue type c;...., Co f..e jTo . 

2(6 c;1wve 

One CO'"lclit io~. S(?.j.1e t~e a.s (''J c.e :·o . 

2£1.:6 ebove 

On·; co::.1.&i tio:n . S.:'.L!( t y-_9e 8.S co :=.e =~o . 

r:46 a·oove 

(1) 

,..., ( "')) 

S<T8 t :rpe a.s Co de )O .2-±(", above 

{e.::. ir~ ray be hac1

• at o·otion of 

AoJ:.:i:tist:..'a+.or on c.nv provision , 

a:n.c '"-'L:.bse que . t or<iers have the 

e:~fect o:t conci.i t i ons in c:9:oroving 

t~~e code . 

( l) S0.:-1e t ype as Co:'te ~~o . 211:6 ['.bove 

(2) J t:.rne as co~le lTo . 369 (2) a.oove 

(l) Su:1e t ;y:oe ;:-.s Co :i.e _ o . 246 above 

(2) Sc-r.1e t y_9e n.s Co de ~~o . 369 (2) above 

One co"1o.i t io:1. Sa: ,e type as CocJ_e . To . 

95 Lbove 

~l1.ree con -_ itions pres~ribed to avoid 

overl a ·oi :l.?" -.efini tio 1s '"'i t:1 othe r :;..;. .... ..._ 

cocl.e s . 

One concli t ion . Sane type as Co cle To . 

:?69 (,a ) a~"' OV e 

One conc'.i tion . S.:tr.le t vpe as Code no • 

240 Q.JOV0 . 

(l) SrT.Je t :r:_)e ['S Code 1 0 .1 51 ( 3) above 

(2) ~ !G t :r.9e as Code No. .:..46 c-.bove 
.0 . 

'"'82 

I ;tel ls tr-r 

Transpnrent ·'1tc:-ials 

Conv0rtcrs In 'us tr-J 

et~') rovcd -~/Ll/'7.4 •,; 

the .AC :1 in is t r '"1. to :c) 

384 ~"'lmero l Se:.·vice I ilCLlstry 

:--_~yo ovcd 4/4/34 by 

tle Adn inistr ator) 

385 ~-~"~ ilroad Snc cial r a ck 

Equi:9ment .:fc; . Industry 

(a~~rovcd 4/ 6/04 by 

the Adninistrato~) 

386 Umbrella Fr2ne anc Umbrella Hc..rcl·are !;fe; . Inc . 

a~yroved 4/6/34 by 

the Ad.ministr ..... tor) 

388 Sandstone Industry 

:?,:9 ~- rov eo. 4/ / 34 · 

the AruJinistrator) 

390 Steel Plate abr icatin~ 

1dustr~r 

( a~~ rovecl 4/6/34 by 

the AdJ:1i1 istrator) 

391 I nsect icide anQ DisL fect2:1t ::f~ . "l.c:i.ust ~r . 

( a.? .. roved 4/6/34 by 

the Adr:tinis t •-a tor) 

393 Soft :'ib1·e ::J..t; . Industr;/ 

a~:r~::- ov ed 1/9/ 34 b;, 

t:1e Administra or ) 

394 Li ".htni nc :nod · :fc . Ind. 

(_"pprov ed 4/19/34 by 

the AJl'linis '"rato r) 

(1) 

( ; ) 

s.""' t8 t -pc cs 

Sr " t '-' ::..s 

-::-~.ov .AL 

ouc :o . 246 above 

Coco _ro . ... 69 (2) above 

0·18 con~.i jon . Pr ovid8 s t: <' t c- cP- rt2 in 

t:.~af0 pr.:-ctice s 1all n0t supe rsede any 

t"'~tG L Qn , 

One cond · t i on . Sane tyoe as Co<ie :·o • 

240 0.b0v e 

( 1) Sa 1e t ·roe c.;.S Code :.o . 246 above 

( 2) Same ~ rpe a s Code : o . 312 2vbove 

( 3) Insi: nia ~revisions stayed until 

further study te made by JRA-

(4 ) Co e Autho:-it;:,-· reor pnize. to ·oe 

n ore re~ entative . 

(5) Same yp as Code ~o . 13 above . 

( 1) Sane t:-pe as Coree :.o . 246 above 

( 8) i.~ot ['. true concli t ion hnt ::t ration,_lization containing a disclainer of 

yre c e dant by !:R.A f or other codes . 

( 3) In e v ent of ~c vision of labor ~ro

visiOl1S of Limesto'le Code , Sandstone 

I n'-ust:;.-y sha ll submit li!ce revisiGns . 

One condition . Srme t~e "' S Code io . 

369 (2) above 

0: e 'co·1cl1 t ion . S<>mc t -T'l')e ..... s Code i. o . 

236 ,..,_bove . 

One con&ition . Certpin pr0visions 

re artinc ~ icc fili:1p stricken out . 

( 1 ) Se:1e t , rpe "s Coue Ho • 24o above 

(;) Sr. 18 t j _ e as Code i o . 13 above 

397 Sy r ay Painting and Tinish- (1 

ing 3~ui~me t fg . Ind. 

a~~ rov e~ 4/19134 by the 

Ad.~inis t:.~ator ) 

Sc>JJO t·;-ue as Co de : o . 236 above "~ 

9844 
I~ 

li 

1: 

II 

APP?.OVED COlE 

398 Ba r ber Sh op Tr ado 

( e._frorovcd. ~-/].S f; <t'.c bLt he Presi dent) 

401 Coppe:i~ ndustr~r 

( approved 4 / 21/34 by 

t he Adm inistrat or) 

402 Sen in-; Y!oachine Ir_r].us r~t 

( approve d 4 / 21 / 34 by 

the AdDinist r c.tor) 

COi,J) I r_;; I O~TS E: o::ID:i::. OF .APP?lOV .AL 

(1 ) 5 conch t i ons n s to desig na ting 

t r ade areas , lo ve 1 nclin ini s t r .t i ve 

noards rnd a s sents fran reuresen- "" 

t a tive TraC..e 1:1embe r s be fo re code 

e f fe c tiv e . 

(1) SulJstit utc s an entire ne r1 Art i c le 

VI I on l'iarl:et in&; prov i s i ons . 

One condi ti on. . SoJJe ;y~e a s Co de No . 

13 above . 

40 3 ]leache d Shell a c I:Ifg .Ind . One c ondition . Sc?.Jne t ype as Code No . 

( ap1)rove d 4/21/34 by 236 above . 

the .Adn ini s trc.tor) 

406 ] oatb'>J.il cli ng c.:n d J3o<:.tr epair in,-:; I ncJu stry 

( ap:9rovecl 4 / '?..4/ 34 "Jy 

the Administ ~a or ) 

40 7 

408 

Dr·r Color :1.6.ustr~r 

p~) rov ecl 25 3~ ~.­

the .AG.n inis tre.tor) 

Unc1e r go.r L1e n t e?,nd. Negl igee 

I ndustry 

( auprove d. 4 / 27/ 3l1 'b~r 

the Aclm i nistra tor) 

One condi t i rm . SCJ..IDe t 'rpe a s Code n o. 

23 :.J :;)JJove . 

One concli tion ._ S"..TTe t 'me a s Code No . 

288 (Z) above . 

(1).· ~.y and he8.rL1g pres c r ibed to 

dst crr.J.ine nhe t h er code authority 

is reur escntative . -- ( 2 ) Sane t 2])e as Code 1ro . 333 aoove 

( 3) Ho reo.uct ion of wages to be made 

pe~c ::1. r.; above s tudy. 

(4) Se ts up Inclu s t 1·ia.l He lations ]oa r d 

( 5) Wat clli1e n nnd non-mru1ufacturing emp loyees p r e s cri 1Jed a maximu:.1 h our 

c) . 

4C9 Fl e x i ble I nsu l ation I nd . One condition . SFJ..me t ype as Co de !Jo . 

( a:op r ovec:;_ t1 / 30 / ?A by 23 6 above . 

the Admi n i strator) 

410 Retail ·Ru bber Tire and 

Ba t te:::·y Trade 

( app roved 5/1/34 by 

t he Pr e sident ) 

9844 

( 1) I f .Adnini s t rator de t ermine s t hat a n 

emergc r exi s ts, he may de t ermi ne 

a low_;st r easonable co st . 

( 2) Same type as Cod.e 1To . 236 ab ov e . 

( 3) Code A.u t l1ori ty t o "Ubr1i t r ecommendati ons to r e nder h our and ~age 

p r ovisions similar to other code s . 

1 

~I 

I 

I 

I 

! 

I 

I 

i 

r 

f 
o . In,ust_!L 

412 Loos e Leaf nn l :Blan!~ 

Book Industry 

(ap~roved 5/1/34 by 

the Ac~~1inis trator) 

413 .:~.stcd Shoe Stoc,:: Ind . 

(apuro~ed ~>/3 /3'-'-= by 

tae AdiJini s tra to1·) 

414 BobQin nnd Spool Ind . 

(approved ~/3 /34 by 

the Administrator) 

415 Co~merci~l ?ixtures Ind . 

(approved 5 /3/34 by 

the Administrator) 

416 Leather Cloth and Lacquered Fabrics, "Jindovr 

Shade Clot~l and Roller 

and. Book Cloth and Il.lpregnated F~brics Ind . 

(approved 5/ 3 /34 by 

tl1e Admini.., trator) 

419 Soft Lime 2oc~ In _. 

(approved 5/7/34 by 

the Adninis t~ut or) 

420 Gypsum Industry 

(approved 5/7/34 y 

the Administrator) 

421 vkl.rble Qua.rrying and 

Finishin~ Indust_~ 

(a~~roved 5/9/34 by 

the Administrator 

423 Drou org ~ Ind . 

ap~roved 5 /10 /34 by 

the r~~nistrat or) 

424 S~ice Grinding Industry 

(app~oved 5/11/34 by 

the Acn1nistrator) 

9844 

- :Jl -

(1) S· H:.! t: ~e t:.... ode ro . 236 above 

(2 Sc::.~le t: _ c as Code · o . 369 ( 2) abovo 

( 1) Sc:'ne tvoe r.s CoC:.e :·o . 369 ( 2) above 

(1) Eotus cut froo 4b to 45 as maxiBUD 

for naintona.1ce crcus, ene:ineers , 

firenen , etc . 

( 2) S2':':1e t~ pe os Code i. o . 236 above . 

One condition . S 'J:"ie ty~e as Code .ro • 

13 above . 

( 1) Sc:-.... rne type c-.s ode ~·o . 236 above 

(2) St:JJe t·rpe os Co r~.e l o . 96 

(3) S2~e t:'Pe ~s Code :o . 288 ( 3) above 

( 1) Sr.ne t· _ e as Code .L .O • 236 above 

(2) Cod.e Authority to submit evidence 

thot aver~i:v; ~'.LO\.U'S i s necessarjin tl c I 1cl '.G t.r7,r 

( 1) Scu:1e t:roe o.s Code :·. o • 236 above 

(2) Sa;ne type as Code .i.!O . 419 (2) above 

( i) Sc:-:.1e type r-.s Code 2;;5 ~1-bove 

(2) a~e t ~e as Code 410 (3) above 

( 3) s __ .ne t -:oe as Code ·.o . 419 ( 2) above 

( 1) 

(2) 

( Z) 

( 4) 

; :r . .:~ir.mm ho rrs lo'~~ered for ~ealc 

ueriods , seasonal demands, continuous ~rocesses , etc . 

t~ ·e t'. e e.s Code : o . 288 (3) above 

S['...:le t }-pe as Code ITo . 236 above 

S-ne t · '"'Oe as Code :To • 13 above . J. 

One condi tio:1 . S...,11e type as Cocl.e :;o . 

151 (:?) above . 

.. ' 
APPROVED CODE 

!..I2 · 

426 Pa·ocr !iake rs ' Fe lt Inf' .• 

t:'-~o-"' rovod r-)ll ~i4 by 

the Adr.1i ·1istrD.t01') 

400 ac:~,.,_.se i:edicine Ind . 

(ap_ roved 5/15 / 34 b~' 

the .Ad.uinistr ator) 

4:-'1 Toll 3riclr7e 1Pd.u£try 

( aJ):,roved 5/17 ~H by 

the ACJ 1inis tro.t o::.·) 

432 S-pe cia l t~r Accou..'1ti::.l.s SuJ)-

. :pl~r I :fg. I ~-xlus try 

a~~Ypl'OVGd 5 /17/34 o;{ 

the Arni:ni st1·ator) 

433 Cott on Picke1·y I nclustry 

( ap:proved _5 /l7/34 ~~r 

t he A:lninist:..·ator) 

436 Fm~ _~fs . Indus t1·y 

a2~roved 5fl 9 / 34 b~ 

the Ailin inistrator) 

437 ]ic~ e Efg . Inclus try 

~Ol) TOved 5/Zl/34 "b~r 

the ~inistrator) 

444 Shoe Pattern Hf c:; . Ind. 

( ap:proved ~!.G 'J4 by 

the Adwinistrator) 

415 Eakin:; I d.us tl~y 

(a_pl"~ TOVed 5/28/34 by 

the Pl'e s icle n t) 

416 Ca:minf. ·I ndu s try 

a~:tl::-oveo. 5/2S / 34 b:;r 

the P::..'es i dent) 

9844 

COED I ':' IONS III Oiill:S::t OF APP3.0V AL 

One conc.U tion. SD.me t ype c:.s Code No . 

236 o"bove . 

One conclition . S<'.' le ~r9e a s Code _To . 

:'17 ~ above . 

(1) Sar;e tyoe R.S Coo.e No -. 37~~ ab ove 

(;J) S'"' . . e t~~oe a s Co de }'To . 13 above 

(0) Provision '"!lac.e for publ icl y ovmed 

toll bri~ce s to become nembers 

of the i ndus tr:r . · 

O:,_e con--.i t ion . Sc?:J ':l t;yr~_o e as Cocle Ho • 

ct:ll ove . 

(l) P:covision ~1c:.t noth ing i n the 

Co cle sl"-k'l.ll ,..,p-o l~r to export tr·ade 

sta~re C.. penclin::; filinc of obj e ctions 

fol· 10 days . 

(2) SDl!le ty:;_Je o.s Code lJo . 410 ( 3) 

above ·. 

( 1) S.:-:.ne tv-0e C:4hJ 

~,.. Cocle No . 151 ( 3) tl .t. .· 

abov e 

( 2) 88-me t~'"_9e a s Coo.e 1To • 274 above . 

( l) S:· .r;le type as Code n o . 14 above 

(l) . So.me type e.s Code :No . 236 above 

(1) SR.me type as Code No. 236 above 

(:?.) St c.Y of provision prohibiting 

t he 5 iving of p reniu.ms a nd 

cou:oons 

( ~ )_ Sc·.;·1e t;ype e.s Coc"_e r;o • 14 above . 

(J.) Co-:n i ttee ayJointecl :or stnndards 

o:. qt.uli t3r <'l1C. l a·oe lling requirer,le:nts, to m"..J~e re·oort in 

90 days . 

( 2 ) S01-1e t y·pe as Cod.e o . 14 abov e . 
APP~OV3D COD:J 

o. I ndustr . 

448 Cptical 1Jhol e s c:-:. c ~- trJ 

end ~de 

Appr ove d 5/31/}:- :· 

the Admini str to~ 

450 Dog Fo od ]ndust r y 

( appr ove d /3 b.;t 

the Admini st r c:-.tor 

Cand.l ewi ck Bedsn rae1c.l I nd . 

( app roved ~ b~ 

the Ad.rn inistrr.tor) 

455 Metal Etching I 11cJ:ustr:,r 

(appr oved 6/ ~/ 34 by 

the Adr:linistr[·.t or) 

456 Ice Cream Cone I n c.'llctry 

(approved 6/ 4/ 34 oy 

the dmini st tor) 

458 ITholesa le Con:e ctionersl 

IndustrY 

( a~prov d 6/ 6/ 34 ~ Adrnini str o.to r) 

459 Bottle d Soft ri T~: ~d . 

(appr ov ed 6/ 7 '· ~ 

t he President) 

460 · Pre se rve , c:-rt ~no 

Cherry and Gl ~. e 71rui t 

Industry 

(appr oved 6J u/ 34 bt he A&:lini ~tr [" to r) 

462 Wholesal e ~o cco Tr a de 

(appr oved 31~ b:~ t :1e 

Admi nistra tor) 

9844 

:~

( 1) <'Xirm.L ~ n·-.1!·o r of :1ours nnde ider~ 

tica l r e; :.·c".lr:s of popul <:> tion . 

( 2) coca.e Aut_lo:::.·i tj' :1ot ··i ven :)o 7Cr t o 

a rb i t r t ." _;-- bo:.· C.i sw. tc:s . 

( 3 Same t e as od :~ . 19 6 (1) above 

( 4 ) Same _) c as Co ·.e : o . 354 ( 2) above 

One ~O di ti on . Sane t ype as Co ne No . 

216 above . 

( 1) .HnUITIU1!l pr escr :.bed fo r home\7ork 

and ... stu C;· and hearine pr ovided 

t h erefor. 

One cunditior . Same t ype as Code l o . 

236 ab ove . 

( 1) Srune t .Li e a s Coc.1e No . 234 above 

( 2) Same ~r- )e e1s Co(ce Jo . 445 ( 2) above 

(1) Snme t :r:_:'e r.s Cocle o • 236 above 

( 2) Sa.me t · _e ; s Co0.e J:To • 1~4 5 ( 2) above - ( 3) Same t·- c LS Code _To • 151 ( 3 ) a !Jove 

( 4 ) Fun ctio::s of .n'.-son jobbe r s as to 

na.xi i1llll l1ou.rs st <'yed. 

One conditi on . S;:..nc ~~ e R S Code J. . 

14 above . 

( 1) Sc:une ~ . 1e c s CoC.e ' o . 236 above 

( 2) Sn-rne t : _-.e 2.s CoC e :i.Jo . 6h ( 1) above 

( fenal e r ;-.tes c- n t audi t ;rstcm} 

(1 ) e rcha.'rlclisi ng p l ".n stayed until 

agr eer e::.t reac:1ed •.;i t h Cigar Indust ~ 211d Retail Tobacco Tra de . 

( 2) Sc.uoe t~r- o D.s Coce o. 236 above . 

(3) Same t :r-..:..•e as Code o. 274 above . 

( 4) -e7 secti on sub st i tut e d for p rice 

cu t tint; ?-"1 de cl rJ: ati O'rl of a.n 

eme r Genc:' . 

( 5) Hour and uage p r ovision no t to 

become effe ctive for t\70 we eks. 
APJ?lOVED CO:J:iJ 

No . Industrx 

463 Candy Hfg . In c1 tr ~ 

( approved 6/ 11/34 by 

the President) 

464 Cocoa and ehocolaije I.:fg . 

Industry 

( approved 6/l5/3L~ b:r 

the Awninistrr tor) 

466 Retail Tobacco Tro.C:l.e 

(approved 6~19/3L~ by 

the President) 

467 Cigar r1f g . I nduntr:r 

(approved 6/19/7):. b~~ 

the Pre si den ) 

469 Sulphonated Oil Lfc; . 

Indust r y 

(approved 6/ 26/ ) 4 "J;,r 

the Admi nistrator) 

470 Aluminum Incl1..1.str · 

( 6/26/ 34 by t l1e 

Admini str<:.tor) · 

471 Trailer Mfg. I nC-.l' .. stry 

(approved 6/ 2S/JL~ "'uy 

the Admini tor) 

472 Warm Air Register I n&. 

(ap~rov ed 6/ 28/ 31!. b:r 

the Aill1inistr Qtor) 

9844 

Needlework I nch..J .. stl~" In 

Puerto Rico 

(approved 6/ 2C/ 3L!. b;r 

the Presi dent) 

OOHDI TIOlTS Il~ o:...:U:Jt 0]· .. \PPROVAL 

( 1) S2.me t yne r'..G Co de No . 236 above 

( 2) Snme t T0e " .. ::.s Go c1e No . l+45 ( 2) above 

(3) Som9 ty~• e S Code No . 151 ( 3) above 

( 4) Scune t y-.:_Je (. ' ; <:"! 

, ) Co o .. c Yo. 119 above . 

0ne condition. S2!,1e t· r-.') e ~ .. as 0Gde No . 

445 ( 2) above . 

(1) Same t;ype as Co cLe No . 462 (1) abo~e 

( 2) Same ty-pe 2.8 CoCl.e No . 236 above 

.(3) Same t v•') e " .. <'.S Code No o 274 above 

(4) SDmo ty:_; e , , c< ,,;:, Co c .. e No . 462 ( 4) above 

( 5) Snrae ty::_)e 0. S Code No . 462 (5) above 

(1) Same typ e as Code }To . 462 (1) above 

( 2) Same t ype ".S Co 0 .. e Ho . 27.~'" )0 b 

( 3) Same ty.J e Code 2

..,, above 

E',S ! j O • t4 a ove 

(4) Same ty-) e ' s code No . 462 ( 5) above 

(l) Same ty_pe an Coo .. c No 274 above 

(1) Code .app roved fo:;: t1·i a l periocl of 

OQ d •'"S ..) c. .. ~ • 

( 2) Same t ype c:s Coc"'..e o. 174 above . 

( 1) Sane t ype LG Co C..e 1io . 23 6 above 

St <:w of ::_J ro-vi si on saying memb ers 

shall not sell belo~ their indivi dual cost u ntil .;:;ood cc..use to 

the ntr ;- :.· ~ · sho··m. 

( 3) Same ty.pe a s Co0 .. e r o . 1 3 above . 

(1) Differential c:U s c ount to large 

purchasers delet ed . 

( 2) Same t y-pe as Cocl..e J.To . 4 71 ( 2) abov:e -. 

( 1) 

( 2) 

IA:er:lb 9rs ." ii. vcn e: -l~ t ion from cert ain em:u:.10 r c.t ocl rcl 2.ted code s. 

Co de Authori ~r to m1brd t ple.n to 

i ssue uni forr! l c.blos -r·i th U. s. Industries. 

( 3 ) Home':rorkers to be paid deff ici cncy 

they '.7ould. recoi vo L. ':fOrking at 

t he f a ctor r un<.~.er t he Code . " 
AP?ROV D COif' 

'0. Ind strv . 

474 ( continued) 

~75 Yeas Industry 

(a rov e 7/2/34 by 

t ' e _ dministrator) 

476 natt er s' Fur Cutting 

( a-pprovec1 7 /3/~ 4 by 

the <i'1lin is trat or) 

Ind. 

477 Public Sec> tin Industry 

(a~uroved 7/10/34 by 

the A.drninistrator : 

478 Secondary Steel Products 

lar ehousing r rade 

(a~~roved 7/10/34 by 

the Ad'11inistrator 

479 Cold Storage Door i .f_.., . 

Industry 

(a-pproved 7/11/34 b~~ 

the Administrator) 

480 Structural St eel and Iron 

Fabricating Industrr 

(a?proved 7/11/34 by 

the Adm inistrator) 

9844 

-214-

COl DITTO rs I" o·m:ut OF .n.?P_ OVAL 

(4) Co~missinn set p to m~ce recomme lda ions ~o r nossible code 

mod. if i cat ions. 

( 5 St .td,v of wage scale and piece 

ork basis ur e scribed. 

One condition. Linimum .age rat e increased f rom 40 to 45 cents uar hour. 

One condition. Same t Je as Code ;o . 

151 above . 

One condition. s. me ty->)e as Code -

o. 

236 above. 

One condition--Code onl .,. a J 1r oved for 

90 days. 

(1) our s and 86es sta;red tem~ora. rily 

-..mt i l cause sho 1n 7;! r they sho uld 

not be come ef:ective . 

( 2, · iembers to corl}>lY -nri t)1 provisions 

·JendinP..; above st ay . 

( 1) Same t'.r'IJ e c:.s Code :-:1). 236 above . 

( 2) Same t• ue a s Code ~io . 13 above. 

(l) : r ection ~ork to be governed by 

Con struction Industry. 

( 2) ~~e wag e rat e substituted i h exce ~tio n s to hours for watchmen, 

etc. 

( 3) lTo emoloyee to be dismissed for 

reporting alle ~e d iolation. 

(4) Same type as Code 408 (1) a ove. 

(5) l~ew 11 sellin" belo...., cost" urovision 

added. 

(6 Firm of publ ic accountants to make 

within t ~ months 2 report of 

dir ect and indir ect charges . 

( 7 Srme t_ Je as Code 28 ~ ( 3' above . 

rg . inirm.un r ates of lJC'" s et uu by 

districts . 

(9' -e , r ade ·Jractices acded : purchasi belo~ ~d er tised u rice; shipuing in t r ansi rivil s~e to other 

uoints than snecified in order. 

(10, Sam~ t . ue e s Code To . 369 (2) above. 
ro. Indus tr~r 

482 JentRl Goods nnd Fq ipment (1) Same> t;roe as C ocl e 369 ( 2) above 

Same.· t~rpe as Code ·180 (2) ~bove 

Same IJe ? s Gode 4n8 ( 4) ab0 •e 

kodel orovision ~uostituted "S 

failure to o~y ~ssessments unoer 

:rr.., C.t=> ( 2) 

(~ lrOved 7/13/34 b- (3) 

t ~ e Ac m i r.1 s t r '1. tor) ( 4) 

483 El ectric Hoist ~!tCt • o!"lor ail rtf g . Indus tl~~T 

( ap•)roved 7 /l';)/ 34 -o-, 

toe Ad~inistrR or, 

484 -n~olesaJ.e r onumev:t.:::tl 

Mar ble Industry 

(ap-0rovec3 7/ 1,1/34 b~r 

the Ac1mini strator) 

(5) Com l1~ ce w~tn code 1nd ua7me~ t 

of a s e sSJ:-eTJ.ts to enti tlo me~ber 

to rt1c1p1~P i~ se l ection of Cod e 

Author1 ty .-:n<l enjoy ber..efi ts. 

(o) ProhibLtion of consignmeTJ.t of 

eq-1iome r. t exceot on contr'lct 1.1)-

':Hoved by Co ,~ e Autho r i t'r. 

(7 , =--ayr~el t of r Pb.gtes revis?d bv .1ew 

section. 

G::1e cond1 t1on . Sar'e t:f1)e qs Code No. 

1 3 :::~.oove . 

(1) ~a e r 'lt e s qnd o •erti~e ~rovisi<"'n s 

auJrove c". nendin<" 9() d.qy study 

-(2 Provision re method of o·vrment of 

wqgps ct~·ed until stqv in Re ~i l 

e Go e b o determi ned . 

1', 485 Cot t0n r-innin -· Machi.nery 

Mf ~- . I n C: us t r v · 

(l) Sa!!e t·rp e as CociP 2"!6 ab ove . 

( 2) i'-.:axi:::LL'""l hours of heat fi r emen 

sta,red b0 da~rs . 

~I 

(ap•)roved 7/lo/34 by 

tne ACl1inistrator (3) Southern .ag ~ r 'lte to be r econ 

sidere0_ afte:::- neFJk neriod in 

indus tr~r . 

486 Comm rcial Vehic l e :Body ( 1) Sam~ tvpe as Code 373 above 

Industry ( 2) SR.me tv7)e ., - !:3S Code ,,To . 119 abov~ 

( ap_?ro-.red 7 / l o/ 34 b~· ( 3) Sa111e t )l)e as Cor t=> ~J () . 3 above . 

the Ad.. •1i n i s t r at or ) 

488 ;{p 1 t ~Lf €:. I n0us t ~~r G~e conC1tio~ . 1 a imu~ hours of atchrne~ revised . 

489 

( ap91'0Vf'O 7 I 20/34 r 

tne Administr at or) 

Saf ty Haza r and Safety 

Razor ~lade ~f . Ind . 

( 8,p·provfd 7 /21/34 ·oy 

the .Adni nistrat or) 

9844 

(l) 

( 2) 

( 3) 

S:::~.r"lf' t -oe Fl s Code To . 12" rtbove . 

:ro 1sio~ for S'l]e only thr -1 reco

nized wholesal Pr" stared. 

Pe!lrtltv for il'1itation of l.qb ~> ls , 

Pte . sta::ed . 

~ 

f 

I 

G 

II 
AF? .. G V _D G:JE 

o. Inn strv 

490 Import d :>ate F' '1.cki n. Ind. 

(apJrove6 7122134 ov 

the Adminis rator) 

492 Stereo ype Dry ola . In(! . 

(a91ro ed 7127134 by 

t ile Adninictra or) 

493 Industrial uil Bur ning 

EqQipment •f F. Industry 

(aD) roved 7 I 30 I 34 b. 

the _dministrator) 

495 Ste8l Joist Industry 

(aouroved 811134 by 

t he ~inistrator) 

497 Textile Examining ,Shrinking and Refinis inb I nd . 

(a~proved 8lol34 by 

the minist rator) 

4~8 Corn Cob ~ipe IndQstry 

(app r oved 817134 by 

tne _dministra or) 

499 Refrie;eratec. ia re ousing 

In<iustry 

c~uuroved 818134 by 

t1e Acministrator) 

501 ·anufacturin.£ ·) nd ,"holesale Sur ical Ind ·stry 

(a'99rcve<i 81':31'04 bjr 

t~e Aumirist ~tor) 

502 Up ard-Actin~ Door InC:. . 

(~pproved 8llll34 by 

t he Acminis rator 

9844 

une comli Uo11 . 

236 A.bC' 'e . 

Sa "'I . VO~" A.s Cod P ·i. o. 

( 1) Sar.1e ·JOP '1.S Code o . 23b abo e 

( 2) Studv )rovic ed for oossi bi 1 i r of 

uwq ~ revision of ~emqle e~~lo•­

ees. 

une condition. l!iembers of this incus try 

f" i ven lanke t excmution from Gi 1 Burne r 

Industry Gode 

(1) All . -::.e '"~ .es and d istric s set 

up in Schpu- 1r> A elim.in'1.ted and 

a b~sic wae ith q Sou hern cifferentiAl subs ituted .he efor. 

(2) Uuon rmi ~ati on of code, onl 

liabilitie c sr.all be liq ida ed 

damages or unuaid .qssess ents. 

(3 Samet, e a~ Code . o. 369 (2 abo e 

(1) 

( 2) 

Same ty e AS Code 

Sa.!Jle t ;fPe as ode 

o. 373 abo e. 

o. 13 abo e . 

une condition. Same ty)e as Jode .Jo . 

119 above . 

Gne condi ion . Sqme tyrye qs o~P o . 

369 (2) above . 

(l) Same ~~e as ode · o. 369 (2) above 

( 2) Same t ' pe P.s C0(

1 e 288 ( 3) above 

(1) Saf'le t..,rp~" as Code ] o. 13 above. 
No. Ind.ustrv 

~03 ?retzel Inoustry 

( a})oroved 8/l J./34 by. 

t he Administrator) 

504 AnimPt.l Glue Inc ustr T 

( p'QiJroved 8/23/34 by. 

t hA Ac.ministrator) . 

507 Surgi cal Distributors 

Trade . 

(approved 8/24 / 34 by 

the Adr'linistrat or) 

508 Ino.us try of :vhole salint:S 

? lumbing Pr oducts, f-ieati r:g Brod.ucts and/ or Distributing Fi per Fitting s 

anCi. Valves. 

(app roved 8/25/ 34 by 

t hA Admi nistrat or) 

509 r·arii.1e !Igui "?ment : 'fg . 

Industry 

(ap-o roved 8/ 27,/ 34 _by 

the Administrat or) 

510 Assembl e& ~atc h Indu stry 

(appr oved 8/ 27/ 34 by 

the Administrator) 

9844 

.., ',_.. ·-,_ ..L ( -

Gne cc.1c i . r!l. CGC! e Autnori t v t _o Llvest if,c.,te n.i t- 1.'.!1 6 0 a-.TS "1.110 re·oo rt on 

t he pffPtt of m~ch ~e oue rqtors R~~ oven 

men :l nc:: ge~le r· .1 n'" 1e 1."\.bor .q~ to waf"e s. 

(l) ~Q t ho r qnd ,qeP urovisions, 

with excentions thereto, to bP 

ao·':lroved for 6n days , P~nd the '1 

e1ther t hosP urovisions or new 

arovi si ons the~ein uresc ribed shaJ1 

be eff ecti ve, ~cco in~ to ~he 

p leasurA of t :w .\C.TTJ inistr.q,tor. 

( 1) Same ~,. JP 'Ol.S Soc~ P 1\T o . 369 ( 2 ) above 

( 9 ) :)efini t 1ons o~ out si CI e salesmen anCI. 

collectors revisP.d . 

(3) ·Ne~ wage r atP s and hour s p rescribPd 

with exce t~o~s t hereto provided . 

(4) .2 rovis2.on :or han0i cao:Jed DPrsons 

( 5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

inserted 

.v·agP.s above minimum not t o be reduced. 

? r evisions ma~e fo r safet_r and 

health of employees 

odel provision for col ectin~ 

nf rm~t ion from industry 

New p r ovision p rescribed for i mit a tion of desisn , etc. 

Same t ~') 6 as Code No . 354 ( 2) above 

(1) S'lJ'ile e as of..e No . 373 above . 

(2) Same .Je RS Code ''To . 8:36 R.bm·e . 

(1) 

( ..... , c, 

Same t =·r;?e as Goc1 P Jn . 230 8-bove . 

rOViSiOn OE' 1Pt80 ~ttemutin~ to 

t0c)r on f rei:r:1t "l.nd other cnareP s 

as cost . 

(3) Sarr1e t '.T'Je as Co(i e 1\]'o . 373 above. 

(l) Sub stitution of -o r ovision for return of de fP ctive products. 

( 2) .Ameilcl e0. Jrovl si on r P bre.:=tching of 

contrac ts ''" ith cornpetito:h' . 

(3) ~ ode l hours fo r office eP1pl0ye es/ 

( 4) Same ~'1Je as Cocle }To. 369 ( 2 ) above/ 
No . 

511 Corru~atP d ~ol ed- . t~l 

Culvert Fioe Inc s rv 

(apuroveo B/27/34 b 

t e Acminis ra .or 

514 Artificial Li~b Mfg . Ind . 

(apnroved 8i28/~4 by 

the AClministr a or ) 

517 Ring 'I'r vele r r·f :> " Ind . 

(au·JrOVPG. 9/7/34 by 

the Administr ator 

518 Shut tle l·fe . Industr y 

(ap9roved 9/7/34 by 

the Ad~inistr~to r 

519 atural Cleft Stone Ind . 

(ap·Jrovec_ 9/11/34 b:r 

tne Acministra or 

521 Ae.hesive anc. Ink Industry 

(ap9rov8d 9/ 19;34 by 

t:ne Aclmini trat or) 

522 Automot1 •p Chemical 

Special ties L f &· Industry 

(ap~rOVPL 9/27/34 by 

t~1.e Aomini o rat or) 

524 ~ic~le ?eckin~ Indus r y 

(apJroved 10/4/34 by 

~IRS , G. A. Lynch) 

525 Retail Tr ade in the Te rrit.or.,r of - FIWaii 

(ap·orovec 10/ 15/34 by 

• IRE, . A. L~'fnch, 

528 Pecan Shellin· Incus r t 

(ap)rOVPC 10/23/34 b 

: IRB , G. A. Lynch) 

9844 

.8

( l , 

(' 

1.s Co(1 e ~o . 

s CodP ·ro . 

'"'69 (?) above 

23 ~ ~bo e 

(l) Sa."'lP r')e "'.S CodP o. 369 (2)above 

( 2) Sa·TJE' t~'lJ t? ~s Code : No. 507 ( 3 above 

(3) ro member shall filP ~Pvision uuw~rd of filPd oricP within 48 

hours. 

(1) vr &er to become ef~ec ive ithin 

1n Cl=3.ys unless rooCl cP.usP shown 

to cont r=~. y 

0ne con0i t ion. Same tyoe A..S Code No . 

517 above . 

vnP condition. SamP t.yue RS Code ~o . 

419 (2) above . 

vne concii ti on . Same ty-oe ~s Co P • o. 

410 (3) abo e . 

vne conC'ition. SamP t:roe as Code o. 410 ( ,. ) above . 

()lle condition. Same t~roe as Code o . 

410 (3) above . 

(l 

(2 

(3) 

(4 

Sam type as Coce Jo . 373 above 

'inimum wa PS as to ou side salesmen stayed 

i~imum agPs ~s to emulo_ PP£ enga0ed at le=3.st 604 of time outside 

sta,red 

SamP t _,rpe as ._,ace ~ o. 517 above 

v11.e condition. SRme tyoe as Code o. 

410 (~) abo e . 
Ar?~ 1GD CO:J2: 

::>29 I'hn. i.~.t8.C e-v.t i c J :,:u' ~ i olo. ::.c · 1 I 1<"1.-;..:;try 

(<'"·J :r·o·r e,.:. 10/ '5/. ' .. ;;; 

·r--··" '1 -) .:.~ 4~ , ..; . A . :·nc .. 1 

~~ 1 St?iner lL c~~ee ~l~ss 

:::.1l>u:- L-~r 

(c;(),) Y' 0 7f'd 11/')/ ._:;l Q~T 

1Hl8, ··; . A. ~ria.l·r:}_ n ~::) 

53~ .1.or:E: ·--:,i 1' J _rscin:; L1c... . 

(c.-,_,·) roved 11/ -4-1 ;-~ ·oy 

~-I:'.:J , ·.7 • ..:-~ . -~2- r::;:i·,_ .,n) 

535 ...> r'lnlce ClJt~1 :::.';_ . I :1r" .• 

~J~rovcd ./~6 2~ ~J 

~~r ... L"';:l , ,, • A . ::~- l'j.' l: ., .... 

536 Ch1oriie Co ntrol A,~~

5 38 

:ca. h.tr, I n(uc. t l'~T T,' ~rni e 

(C'-:l''lroved 1 

".I /l ~/~!.. ..... , L., _ .. ·c.y 

YIRD , .• Ae Eo-·1-i'l'::.n) 

'lll oi-.1811 l G :~eC TG~.r ·.me~ 

Sc·t,rf ,~ • Ir.f·Llst r~r 

(a:•:,··· roved 12./ 19/':·± b y 

:r; I ?J: ' ":.' • ],_ • -~ J. T ::.. i:-:1''.11 ) 

5·1(' hetail i-:ee,t TrJ.cio 

&J~ roved 1~11 34 by 

th~ ?resiC..en't) ' 

541 Fl at Glass "·-· • L .'"·_,J_stry 

(alpr ov ed ~2 ~~ by 

HI RJ3 ,. W. A. HA.':'rin·'.ll ) 

543 !:otor . chicle ;:ui:l·~cn:.:.lcc 

S:r~Le 

(~ JD roved l/18/35 o~ 

t::e Fresid.e:1t) 

- 21S01.c co 1c.i tion . ')St :. ti("tic~ to ·oe ;_;D.t llc r -

el.. ~, Code AutJ:.rni ty L1 II: mo:r ths : i th 

the vi c·· Jl. ··.,1C!1Lin,~ or ot:'len'i::; c , the 

~1ou:;~s ·-~ J'1c! --··\ ·e s :rr)vi-:io.ls i n ~1e cocle • 

O:·= co lC~i tioi1 . P· ·ovi c" .. i--.~.g for submissi on 

o: P ' ic~c 1cc; t ', sl.s_)· r rt ~--"l.t...e (L:::'e r on tic:,ls 

·tx:.scC.. ,,_ o-~ c l :.s::: e G of -,1' 1J CL1.'.C t s . 

O::c C'J •• (~ i ~ ::.0~1 . [~rtf t :-:_• e as CoC:e _.o . 

;jl 7 C'..JOVG • 

·. e co.:c:i ~io:1 . Sar.1e ... ;_ e 0.s Co(ie lio . 

:Jl7 abcvc . 

( .e co:~c-:.i .i.orr. S:ne; tn;e as Code :To . 

;:)17 !:l b ov e . 

(:: ) 

~) 

:;-:e:-~r•t on ::ive:;-, t u mo.nui'Jcturers of 

d.r e s-:e::; '·l:eTe S1''::~1 ~'lec -=':'ea r made 

L: c·>nJunc t ion r· i th the dress in 

t ::..e :c:.mo s:10p 

S.?I1'3 t.y)e ac Code -~.' o . 6L1..: (l) 2-.bove 

· :A- ::-i rm.~-.1 c?~s~l dice om1 t :1 rovi s ion 

::; tc~ye C.. ··")enc:inc s tucl~r , P..nd a mc:.>.ximur:l ·rn·ovidecl d.urii.,::· t :1.:.t pe riod . 

(l) :Uef :1 itio !-~ of in -~.r. stry 8De:1.ded , rts 

,_.,el l rs that of r.s~~b lis 1nent 11 • 

(2 ) Sa: e t:yo .e '\:: Ccc1e ·,ro. 336 ( ~) above 

(3 ) ?oll n i~[ ~ro vi::;inns taye~ mtil 

suit,..,"L l e s-J1stit·,:t6s m:;,~T be fJuaCi. : 

n-- .. ):.·. 

, ,i::rr wose ~t io "·· 'of no:n- c on:::'or-::1in.; 

~=- i~:. les; 11i s 'Jr!J. __ t' Lv·· or :::..C'1.be linc ; 

l):i'icir . .:; ::-Yrovi si o. s , c:uring e.1c>r.:::;cncy 

a:o..:.c. o L1e r·.!i ce . 

co· .C i t ion . S t"'.~~ nf· except ions to 

r~o;.):imu. .._ _lnl.•r s cl: Lrin(" )ea:: periods set 

-lX•) by I Y' · --.:Ls try. 

(1) St•.mc .r-~e <',"' o~le lJo . 373 nbove . 

(2 ) P•·icP cut tL.,j , e .cr-:cncy 'tnd rocrll of bic.P::t·o·r\."inns st:.yed 

w1til f'trt..er· or clcr. 
.3D COJE 

'1. ... u. ' 

fi :1 i r. n i.1 · ..::..··1.C:.e 

( _. .., .. : ovcci. 11 ·J·:I 35 b· 

t_ c :=--::e" ide:.·. t) 

.( -

5<:.3 u. ~ 1 Cr ':!.!l ie ?rod--.ctc 

I.'.. 1.:'. '1 t r~r 

( · ' :.'OVCC J_ /','.J/'"'5 by 

'J: ' ;! , A. -,·•:·rinq_l 

"..7 "" (cl ··-,....,t..e 

( ~-ovcd ~5 b 

_- I:CC , ·;·. A. :-7' .rrir:1 :1) 

~")~'3 Ci u '- t-tte , S.·ili'f' , C'lerri :.L_; "'.: .cl S1~r ~ :i".1,' ::o b~cco 

: :f ·• Inl us tr-· 

( "-'I")V'"'r'l ,,• /rh by • t.:'"- - .. _, """I l v 

t .. e ?:..~esid >:t) 

551 Clock ~.!f.; . I ·.c D.s t r y ( - ')I - I rl ..- b '\}.:,) . OVOCl ,, .:!. 0 '- 0 '"J 

.,I-_--s , ~ -...,'l'rl· m...,-1) ,__.. ' • rt . - · ~ ·- .J. 

552 .usic Publis: i:--:· I::t-;.·u.st 

. .\.,:· :..·oved. Z I:' I .3 5 u~ 

~H?..:3 , , . • A. =-:..,1-ri .":1) 

!)53 :;_I,! s tC'.urm; t 1 r '-."'..c'.e ih the 

J?or!'i tor'· 01 ~.:;::- rr'..i i 

(;,-- 31 - I ~5 . -_~ovcu y 

JI:-- , • A • :f'"'~ rrim..".:l) 

55~ v-:."' .:..·~li c Art~ I ;1~· U" t riT L,_ 

t "e _, rri tn1·~- of =-.., r'C'.i i 

(., c·..red. 7>1 rl 35 "t;y 

:IT ' ""] . A. 5"t"'.rrir:.an) 

Zi:~c In ~ ~ try 

(.,.- ··oved 3/r-,·13· by -· . . I ,:,o '- J 

:·r:t\3 , -:· . A. 3..'"'rri.':.n 1 

- '"'20-

c ~- IJ ~· I : S J - • -: ~:r: : A-: J.O AL 

( I e . ..., t· ·"" n'"' t 'O '"'r .... ici11 ti., ,.,. i· - . ... .. .. \.. +.J .. ~ ·· ~ • 

l c r t · fo ·· :1ot , ...... , i a ... ~esc

!('': r r tc • .. . :.;red 't:lt il ".ftcr 

t c .,. t. o~ · t,; ic i ·1i ti '"'.l1y 

t s' . 

( 1 ; •. - • r.o ".. .. " c Coc".c !.o . · 54:-- (3) above . 

(1 

O:c:E' cndi t ion . ? _ o·1i s ions cu".rn. tceL r; ·1caL:.st a.cc1i:;:.c of · rice o it" .er before cr · ftcr live~y , or c~~celinG 

of contr"l.cts to "Void "'!ar,:et l oss 

... t~ycd ~en~inc rt'er order. 

(1) ~tudy by :Jes .:1-rch <'.nd Pln.nning 

011 --;,r;cs ~ _1L ho·cr:: provided fol~ 

;i t:i1 !'f'"'crv;,tio,l to :3o['.rd to tc...:e 

L'.ctio'1. 1fte1· dl.le i10ticc 'l.S it 

deans necc'"'sc .. ry. 

.c co: c..itio!1 . S"me t:!'e ~c ode _ o . 

3•)9 (.; ) b--ve . 

1 -:c C' c oy(: iLon . _:,_ l)rov:.l of coC:.e sh'1.ll 

:i."! ') t t.:on··.o· c o·· s .11c tio:1 any· "l.c ts o.1le ~ ed 

L : t:.e ·1cti tio1 filed in CC'<"'e no ·r })endi n• in ~r . S . District Court , or cxny dec:.ees H'hic· ..... . ,be ~:c.t<:>red t'1erein . 

(l) 

(2) 

( 1) 

~) 

(1) 

(,~) 

Sa. :e type :1.'"' CJde ~ 0 . 474 (1 ) above 

S;r.1e t '"!_)C as Coa.e :ro • 517 abov-e . 

S.,r1e type as Cocie .lO • 474 (1) above 

Sru-.1e tV1)C ... . "..S Code • 517 above 

Sa:'1e type ;,;, C'Jcie :o . 419 (2) above 

I~parti l i1vesti~1tor to rev ier 

55 ·;y-~101'-''".:'. le , n • R;-t...,il Auto- (1 ) 

r.1o ile Sale'"' , Su~1ply !top. ir, (2 ) 

: >L1tei1" ncc ;:._1r" Servica I:1- (::) 

d"\;.~ tr in the 'i'c,~ri tor;y of 

3<:-XI"ii (r-:::'··) oved 312,6135 by 

co1 ditionr :n South a to code ·aces 

7it~ ~ os"ibilitt of revision in 90 da 

S'='.me t,r)e as oc o ·ro . 47L1- (1) o.bove 

S1.ne tyoe ;,s Coce l o . 517 above . 

~ntire \rice '"'tr cture (lpen p rice 

fi1inr, cme gency ~n~ accoUJltinG 

provisio:1s) C' t" .• ed. pending sho ·ling 

:. IRE , . • A. ~~.rrim['.!l) 

4F 

of nee& therefor . 
OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

THE DIVISION OF REVIEW 

THE WORK OF THE DIVISION OF REVIEW 

Executive Order No. 7075, dated June 15, 1935, established the Division of RevieH of •he 

National Recovery Administration . The pertinent part of the Executive Order reads thus: 

The Division of Review shall assemble, analyze, and report upon the statistical 

information and records of experience of the operations of the various trades and 

industries heretofore subject to codes of fair competition, shall study the effects of such codes upon trade, industrial and labor conditions in general , and 

other related matters, shall make available for the protection and promotion of 

the public interest an adequate review of the effects of the Administration of 

Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the principles and policies 

put into effect thereunder, and shall otherwise aid the President in carrying out 

his functions under the said Title. I hereby appoint Leon C. Marshall, Directo r of 

the Division of Review. 

The study sections set up in the Division of Review covered these areas: industry 

studies, foreign trade studies, labor studies, trade practice studies, statistical studies, 

legal studies, administration studies, mis cel laneous studies, and the writing of code histories. The materials which were produced by these sections are indicated below. 

Except for the Code Histories, all items mentioned below are scheduled to be in mineographed form by April 1, 1936. 

THE CODE HISTORIES 

The Code Histories are documented accounts of the formation and administration of the 

codes. They contain the definition of the industry and the principal products thereof · the 

classes of members in the industry; the history of code formation including an account of the 

sponsoring organizations, the conferences, negotiations and hearings which were held, and 

the activities in connection with obtaining approval of the code; the history of the administration of the code, covering the organization and operation of the code author1ty, 

the difficulties encountered in administration, the extent of compliance or non-ccn.pliance, 

and the general suc cess or lack of success of the code; and an analysis of the operation of 

code provisions dealing with wages, hours, trade practices, and other provlS1ons. These 

und other matters are canvassed not only in terms of the materials to be found in the files, 

bu~ also in terms of the experiences of the deputies and others concerned with code formation 

and administration. 

The Code Histories, (including histories of certain NRA units or agencies) are not 

mimeographed. They are to be turned over to the Department of Commerce in typewritten form. 

All told, approximately eight hundred and fifty (850) histories will be completed. This 

~a~ber includes all of t he approved codes and some of the unapproved codes. (In ~Q~ Uelgr.i.~l.§ !':!2..:.. 1§, Conten ts of Code Histories, will be found the outline which governed the 

preparation of Code Histories.) 

(In the case of all approved codes and also in the case of some codes not carried t 

final approval, there are in NRA files further materials on industries. Particularly worth.· 

of mention are the Volumes I, II and III which constitute the material officially subm1tted 

to the President in support of the recommendation for approval of each code. These v0lumes 

~766--l. 

-ii -

set forth the origination of the codes, the sponsoring group, the evidence advanced to support the proposal, the report of the Division of Research and Planninv on the industry, the 

recommendations of the various Advisory Boards, certain types of official correspondence, 

the transcript of the formal hearing, and other pertinent matter. There is also much official information relating to amendments, interpretations, exemptions, and other rulings. The 

materials mentioned in this paragraph were of course not a part of the work of the Division 

of Review.) 

THE WORK MATERIALS SERIES 

In the work of the Division of Review a considerable number of studies and compilations 

of ata (other than those noted below in the Evidence Studies Series and the Statistical 

Material Series) have been made . These are listed below, grouped according to the character of the material. (In Work Materials No. 17, Ten tative Q1!tlines 2,nd Summarie~ of 

Studies in EIQ~. the materials are fully described). 

Automobile Industry, An Economic Survey of 

Bituminous Coal Industry under Free Competition and Code Regulation, Ecnomic Survey of 

Electrical Manufacturing Industry, The 

Fertilizer Industry, The 

Fishery Industry and the Fishery Codes 

Fishermen and Fishing Craft, Earnings of 

Foreign Trade under the National Industrial Recovery Act 

Part A- Competitive Position of the United States in International Trade 1927-29 through 

1934. 

Part B Section 3 (e) of NIRA and its administration. 

Part C - Imports and Importing under NRA Codes. 

Part D - Exports and Exporting under NRA Codes. 

Forest Products Industries, Foreign Trade Study of the 

Iron and Steel Industry, The 

Knitting Industries, The 

Leather and Shoe Industri es, The 

Lumber and Timber Products Industry, Economic Problems of the 

Men's Clothing Industry, The 

Millinery Industry, The 

Motion Picture Industry, The 

Migration of Industry, The: The Shift of Twenty-Five Needle Trades From New York State, 

1926 to 1934 

National Labor Income by Months, 1929-35 

Paper Industry, The 

Production, Prices, Employment and Pay rolls in Industry, Agriculture and Railway Transportation, January 1923, to date 

Retail Trades Study, The 

Rubber Industry Study, The 

Textile Industry in the United Kin gdom, France, Ge rmany, Italy, and Japan 

Textile Yarns and Fabrics 

Tobacco Industry, The 

Wholesale Trades Study, The 

Women's Neckwear and Scarf Industry, Financial and Labor Data on 

9768-2 

- iii -

Women's Apparel Industry , Some Aspects of the 

Com~odities, Information Concerning : A Study of NRA and Related Experiences in Control 

Distribution, Manufactu rers' Control of : Trade Practice Provisions in Sel ected NRA Codes 

Distributive Relations in t he Asbestos Industry 

Design Piracy: The Problem and Its Treat men t Under NRA Codes 

Electrical Mfg . Industr y : Pri ce Filing Study 

Fertilizer Industry : Pri ce Filing Study 

Geographical Price Relations Under Codes of Fair Competition, Control of 

Minimum Pri ce Regulation Under Codes of Fair Competition 

Multipl e Basing Point System in t he Lime Industry : Operation of the 

Price Cont rol in the Coffee Industry 

Price Fi ling Under NRA Codes 

Product i on Control in the Ice Industry 

Production Control, Case Studies in 

Resale Price Maintenance Legislation in the United States 

Retail Price Cutting, Restriction of, with special Emphasis on The Drug Industry . 

'l'ra.::.; Practice Rules of The Federal Trade Commission ( 1914-1936) : A classification fur 

comparision with Trade Practice Provisions of NRA Codes. 

Cap and Cl oth Hat Industry , Commission Report on Wage Differentials in 

Earnings in Selected Manufacturing Indus~ries, by States, 1933-35 

Empl oyment , Payrolls, Hours, and Wages in 115 Selected Code Industries 1933-35 

Fur Manufac turing, Commission Report on Wages and Hours in 

Hours and Wages in American Industry 

Labor Program Under the National Industrial Recovery Act, The 

Part A. Introduction 

Pa r t B. Control of Hours and Reemployment 

Pa rt C. Control of Wages 

Part D. Control of Other Conditions of Employmen t 

Pa rt E. Section 7(a) of the Recovery Act 

~ater al s in the Field of Industri~: Relations 

PRA Cens us of Employment, J une, October, 1933 

Puerto Rico Needlework, Homeworkers Survey 

Administrati ve Studi es 

Admi nistra tive and Legal Aspects of Stays, Exemptions and Excepti ons, Code Amendments, Conditional Orders of Approval 

Administrative Interpretations of NRA Codes 

Administrative Law and Procedure under the NIRA 

Agreements Under Sections 4(a) and 7(b) of the NIRA 

Approve d Codes in Industry Groups, Classification of 

Basic Code, the -- (Administrative Order X-61) 

Code Authorities and Their part in the Administration of the NIRA 

Part A. Introduction 

Pa r t B. Nature, Composition and Organizati on of Code Aut horities 

9768-3. 

Part C. Activities of the Code Authorities 

Part D. Code Authority Finances 

Pa rt E Summary and Evaluation 

CJde Compl iance Activities of the NRA 

- iv -

Code W.aking Program of the NRA in the Territories, The 

Code Provisions and Related Subjects, Policy St atements Concerning 

Con t ent of NIRA Administrative Legislation 

Part A. 

Part B. 

Par t C. 

Executive and Administrative Orders 

Labor Provisions in the Codes 

Trade Practice Provisions in the Codes 

Part D. Administrative Provisions in the Codes 

Part E. Agreements under Sections 4(a} and 7{b} 

Part F. A Type Case: The Cotton Textile Code 

Labels Under NRA, A Study of 

Model Code and Model Provisions for Codes, Development of 

National Recovery Administration, The: A Revi ew of its Organization and Activities 

NRA Insignia 

President's Reemployment Agreement, The 

President's RJemployment Agreement, Substitutions in Connection with the 

Prison Labor Problem under NRA and the Prison CJmpact, The 

Problems of Administration in the Overlapping of Code Definitions of Industries and Trades. 

Mu ltiple Code Coverage , Classifying Individual Members of Industries and Trades 

Relationship of NRA to Government Contracts and Contracts Involving the Use of Gov e rnment 

Funds 

Relationship of NRA with States and Municipalities 

Sheltered Workshops Under NRA 

Uncodified Industries: A Study of Factors Limiting the Code Making Program 

~ Studies 

Anti-Trust Laws and Unfair Competition 

Collactive Bargaining Agreements, the Right of Individual Employees to Enforce 

Commerce Clause, Federal Regulation of the Employer-Employee Relationship Under t he 

Delegation of Power, Certain Phases of the Principle of, with Reference to Federal Industrial 

Regulatory Legislation 

En forcement, Extra-Judicial Methods of 

Federal Regulation through the Joint Employment of the Power of Taxation and the Spending 

Po we 

Government Contract Provisions as a Means of Establishing Proper Economic Standards, Le gal 

Memorandum on Possibility of 

Industrial Relations in Australia, Regulation of 

Intrastate Activities Which so Affect Interstate Commerce as to Bring them Under the Commerce Clause, Cases on 

Legislative Possibilities of the State Constitutions 

Post Office and Post Road Power-- Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Industrial Regulation? 

State Recovery Legislation in Aid of Federal Recovery Legislation History and Analysi s 

Tariff Rates to Secure Proper Standards of Wages and Hours, the Possibility of Variation in 

Trade Practices and the Anti-Trust Laws 

Treaty Making Power of the United States 

War Power, Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Regulation of Child Labor? 

9768--4. 

- v -

THE EVIDENCE STUDIES SERIES 

The Evidence Studies were originally undertaken to gather material for pending court 

cases. Aft r the Schechter decision the proje ct was continued in order to assemble data for 

use in connection with the studies of the Division of Review. The data are particularly 

cone rned with the nature, size and operations of the industry; and with the relation of the 

'rdustry tJ interstate commerce. The industries covered by the Evidence Studies account for 

more than one-half of the total number of wo rkers under codes . The list of those studies 

follows: 

Automobile Manufacturing Industry 

Automotive Parts and Equipment Industry 

B,king Industry 

Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Industry 

Bottled Soft Drink Industry 

Builders' Supplies Industry 

Canning Industry 

Chemical Manufacturing Industry 

Cigar Manufacturing Industry 

Coat and Suit Industry 

Construction Industry 

Cotton Garment Industry 

Dress tanufacturing Industry 

Electrical Contracting Industry 

Electrical Manufacturing Industry 

Fabricated Metal Products Mfg. and Metal Finishing and Metal Coating Industry 

Fishery Industry 

Furniture Manufacturing Industry 

General Contractors Industry 

Graphic Arts Industry 

Gray Iron Foundry Industry 

Hosiery Industry 

Infant's and Children's Wear Industry 

Iron and Steel Industry 

Leather Industry 

Lumber and Timber Products Industry 

Mason Contractors Industry 

Men's Clothing Industry 

Motion Picture Industry 

Motor Vehicle Retailing Trade 

Needlework Industry of Puerto Rico 

Painting and Paperhanging Industry 

Photo Engraving Industry 

Plumbing Contracting Industry 

Retail Lumber Industry 

Retai l Trade Industry 

Retail Tire and Battery Trade Industry • 

Rubber Manufacturing Industry 

Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry 

Shipbuilding Industry 

Silk Textile Industry 

Structural Clay Products Industry 

Throwing Industry 

Trucking Industry 

Waste Materials Industry 

Wholesale and Retail Food Industry 

Wholesale Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industry 

Wool Textile Industry 

THE STATISTICAL MATERIALS SERIES 

This series is supplementary to the Evidence Studies Series . The reports include data 

on estaolishments, firms, employment, p~yrolls, wages, hours, production capacities, shipments, sales, consumption, stocks, prices, material costs, failures, exports and imports. 

They also include notes on the principal qualifi cations that should be observed in using the 

data, the technical methods emp loyed, and the applicability of the m~terial to the study of 

he industries concerned. The following numbers appear in the series: 

9768--5. 
• 
Asphalt Shingle and Roofing Industry 

Business Furniture 

Candy Manufacturing Industry 

Carpet and Rug Industry 

Cement Industry 

Cleaning and Dyeing Trade 

Coffee Industry 

Copper and Brass hlill Products Industry 

Cotton Textile Industry 

Elect1ical Manufacturing Industry 

- vi -

Fertilizer Industry 

Funeral Suprly Industry 

Glass Container Industry 

Ice Manufacturin~ Industry 

Knitted Outerwear Industry 

Paint , arnlsh, ana Lacquer, Mfg. Industry 

Plumbing Fixtures Industry 

Rayon and Synthetic Yarn Producing Industry 

Salt Producing Industry 

THE COVERAGE 

The original, and approved, plan of the Division of Review contemplated resources sufficient (a) to prepare some 1200 histories of codes and NRA units or agencies, (b ) to consolidate and index the NRA fHes containing some 40,000,000 pieces, (c) to eng,age in extensive field work, (d) to secu r e much aid from established sta tistical agencies of government, (e) to assemble a considerable number of experts in various fields, (f) to conduct 

approximately 25% more studies than are listed above, and (g) to prepare a comprehensive 

summary report. 

Because of reductions made in personnel and in use of outside experts, limitation of 

access to field work and rese arch agencies, and lack of jurisdiction over files, the ~rejected plan was necessarily curtailed. The most serious curtailments were the omission of 

the comprehensive summary report; the dropping of certain studies and the reduction in the 

coverage of other studies; and the abandonment of the consolidation and indexing of the 

files. Fortunately, there is reason to hope that the fi l es may yet be carec for under other 

auspices. 

iotwi thstanding these limitations, if the files are ultimately consolidated and indexed the exploration of the NRA materials will have been sufficient to make them ~ccessible 

and itil!, :.y useful. They constitute the lar[ est and richest single body of informativ 

concerning the problems and operations of industry ever assembled in any nation. 

9768--6. 

L. C. Marshall, 

Director, Division of Review. 

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STOR!: ROOM. 

u. s. National recovery administr ation. 

no. 74 Work materials. 

DATE ISSUED TO }' 

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