WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

.. WATER RESOURCES DIVISION . I · N T. H E 1 9 8 0 ' s 

A SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS 

o F T H E u. s. G E o L o G 1 c A L s u R v E Y, s··- · . . 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

.~ . 

"'... ~ :(': ,• ~I -' < 

•' , ... 

u.S. Geological Survey Circular 893 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

IN THE 1980's 

A SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS 

0 F T H E U.S. G E 0 L 0 G I cAL s u R v E y Is 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

By Edith B. Chase, John E. Moore, and David A. Rickert 

u.s. Geological Survey Circular 893 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JAMES G. WATT, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

1983 

Free on application to Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, 

U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 
CONTENTS 

Abstract ................ . 

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Major Water Issues of the 1980's ... 

Mission of the Water Resources Division. 

Organization. . . . . . . . . . 

Personnel. .......... . 

Budget and Source of Funds. 

Programs ........... . 

Long-Term Programs .. . 

Federal-State Cooperative Program ... 

Coordination of Federal water-data acquisition. 

Assistance to other Federal agencies . 

National Research Program ........... . 

National Water-Data Exchange ......... . 

Water Resources Scientific Information Center . 

National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System .. 

National Water-Use Information Program ..... 

Hydrologic Data-Collection Program . . . . . . . . 

National Stream Quality Accounting Network 

National Hydrologic Bench-Mark Program .. 

International Hydrology Program .. . 

Topical Programs .............. . 

Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program . 

High-level nuclear wastes. . . . . . . 

Low-level nuclear wastes . . . . . . . 

Toxic-chemical wastes/ground-water contamination . 

Coal Hydrology Program. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Oil-Shale Hydrology Program . . . . . . . . . 

Regional Aquifer System Analysis Program . 

Acid Rain Program . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . 

Volcano-Hazards Program ............ . 

National Water-Resources Conditions Program . 

Technical-Assistance Programs . . . . . . 

Instrumentation Program . . . . . . . 

National Water-Quality Laboratories. 

National Training Center ..... . 

Dissemination of Data and Information . 

Summary and Accomplishments 

Selected References. . . . . . 

Headquarters Personnel . . . . . 

Directory of Field Offices . . . . 

Regional Hydrologist and District Chiefs. 

Northeastern Region . 

Southeastern Region . . 

Central Region . . . . . . 

Western Region ..... . 

Regional Research Hydrologists. 

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III 

WATER 

IN THE 

RESOURCES 

1980's 

DIVISION 

A Summary of Activities and Programs of the 

U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division 

By Edith B. Chase, John E. Moore, and David A. Rickert 

ABSTRACT 

The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has the principal responsibility within the 

Federal government for providing hydrologic information and appraising the Nation's water resources. The 

Geological Survey is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental 

authority-its sole product is information that is made available equally to all interested parties. 

This report describes the Water Resources Division's mission, organization, source of funds, and major 

programs. Three types of programs are described: long-term programs, which include the Federal-State cooperative program, coordination of Federal water-data acquisition, assistance to other Federal agencies, the national 

research program, the national water-data exchange, the water resources scientific information center, the national 

water-use information program, hydrologic-data collection, and international hydrology activities; topical programs, which include hazardous waste hydrology, coal and oil-shale hydrology, regional aquifer system analyses, 

acid rain, volcano hazards, and national water-resources conditions; and technical-assistance programs. Emphasis 

is on programs that will contribute to identifying, mitigating, or solving nationwide water-resources problems in 

the 1980's. A discussion of how the data and information are disseminated and a selected list of references complete the report. 

INTRODUCTION 

Effective management of water resources requires an understanding of the Nation's hydrologic 

system and the factors that determine the availability and quality of the water. The hydrologic 

system does not function according to political boundaries, and thus it is necessary for hydrologic 

information to be collected, analyzed, summarized, and made readily available to decisionmakers 

at all levels-national, regional, State, and local. 

Within the Federal government, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey 

has the principal responsibility for appraising water resources and for providing hydrologic 

information. It is the Nation's major scientific water organization, and its sole product is water 

information-it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority. Virtually all the information 

produced is multipurpose, and, after its immediate need, the information becomes a vital part of 

future resource evaluation and water-management decisions. 
2 I INTRODUCTION 

To accomplish the Division's objective of presenting impartial, accurate data and scientific 

analyses equally to all interested parties, the Division releases its information through Federal, 

State, and local publications, technical journals, and computerized data flles. Users of the information include legislative bodies and associated committees; courts; other Federal agencies; State, 

regional, and local agencies; water-management, irrigation, drainage, and conservation districts; 

industry, public-interest groups, universities, and consultants; and the public. 

The Division provides extensive support to other Federal agencies and, through its FederalState Cooperative Program, to State and local agencies. This cooperative program provides the 

bulk of water information used by the Federal government for a variety of purposes. The Division 

also coordinates the water-data acquisition activities of all Federal agencies. The combination of 

these activities together with input from advisory committees enables the Geological Survey to 

keep abreast of water-information needs at all levels of government and the private sector and to 

develop programs responsive to those needs. 

The programs of the Division are financed by direct appropriations from the Congress, 

cost-sharing arrangements with State and local governments, and reimbursable agreements with 

other Federal agencies. These financial arrangements reflect the broad interest among all governmental sectors in seeking to resolve water-resources problems and also reflect the prominent role 

that the Geological Survey plays in assisting in finding solutions to those problems. 

This report summarizes the Division's programs that are expected to have major value in 

contributing to solutions of nationwide water-resources problems in the 1980's. A brief description 

of the Division's mission, organization, and source of funds is given as background to the specific 

programs. Specific results and accomplishments of the various programs, and additional information 

on the U.S. Geological Survey and the Water Resources Division, can be found in the publications 

listed in the "Selected References" section. No attempt was made to cite references in the program 

discussions because it was felt that the reader would benefit more from searching the "Selected 

References" section after becoming acquainted with the various activities of the Water Resources 

Division. Many of the illustrations in this report are reproduced from U.S. Geological Survey 

exhibit panels. Information about those exhibit panels can be obtained from the Exhibits Committee, U.S. Geological Survey, 790 National Center, Reston, VA 22092. Previous reports that summarize past Division programs are those by Gilbert and Buchanan (1981, 1982), Hackett (1966), 

and McGuinness (1964). 
MAJOR WATER ISSUES I 3 

MAJOR WATER ISSUES OF THE 1980's 

Some of the Nation's major water issues of the 1980's are highlighted below. The information derived from the programs of the Water Resources Division that are explained in this report 

will help decisionmakers to understand the magnitude of the issue, to determine water-policy 

options, and to select or implement the soundest course of action. 

• Water availability and competition for water-Population growth, especially in the Sunbelt 

States, national goals to expand agricultural production and energy-resource development, 

and water rights of the State and Federal governments, Indian tribes, and private individuals have increased competition for available water supplies. Principal uses competing for 

water area Crop irrigation 

o Energy production (other than hydroelectric) 

o Mineral-resources development 

o Municipal, domestic, and industrial uses 

o Instream-flow maintenance for hydroelectric power, fish, wildlife, and recreation. 

• Water-quality degradation-Water availability cannot be separated from water quality because the usability of existing supplies depends on the quality. In some areas, degradation 

of surface and ground water is due too Nonpoint-source pollution, such as runoff from agricultural and urban areas 

o Toxic wastes as a result of numerous chemical compounds now in use 

o Saltwater intrusion as a result of ground-water use 

o Acid rain, which is thought to be responsible for the acidification of surface water. 

• Management of water and land resources-Managers and decisionmakers need to understand 

that the hydrologic system does not conform to political boundaries and that the development of water resources in one State can affect the availability and use of water in other 

States. Hydrologic information in understandable form can help those who evaluate policy 

options to determine the effects of prior decisions and to guide future decisions. 

OFFSTREAM WATER USES 

Thermoelectric Power.....;....;-~ 

Industry 

Irrigation 

Public Supply 

Rural 

INCREASING DEMANDS FOR OUR 

INSTREAM WATER USES 

Hydroelectric Power 

Fish and Wildlife 

FINITE WATER SUPPLY 
4 I MISSION 

MISSION OF THE 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

The mission of the Water Resources Division, which supports the mission of the Geological 

Survey and the U.S. Department of the Interior, is to provide the hydrologic information needed 

for managing the Nation's water resources. To accomplish its mission, the Water Resources Division 

in cooperation with State and local governments and other Federal agencies-

• Collects data on a systematic basis to determine the quantity, quality, and use of surface and 

ground water. 

• Conducts interpretive water-resource appraisals to describt the consequences of alternative 

plans for developing land and water resources. 

• Conducts basic and problem-oriented research in hydraulics, hydrology, and related fields. 

• Develops information on water-related natural hazards such as floods, landslides, volcanoes, 

mudflows, and land subsidence. 

• Coordinates the activities of all Federal agencies in the acquisition of water data. 

• Disseminates data and findings through reports, maps, and other forms of public release. 

• Provides scientific and technical assistance in the hydrologic fields to other Federal agencies, 

to State and local agencies, to licensees of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 

and, on behalf of the U.S. Department of State, to international agencies. 

Authority for carrying out the Division's mission derives from legislation of 1879, which 

created the Geological Survey; and legislation of 1888 and 1894, which provided for gaging the 

streams and determining the water supply of the Nation. Congressional appropriations have been 

made annually since 1894 for gaging streams and performing other functions relating to water resources. In 1964, the mission was broadened to include the role oflead agency in the coordination 

of the activities of all Federal agencies in the acquisition of certain water data. This responsibility, 

assigned to the Department of the Interior by Office of Management and Budget Circular A-67, 

was delegated to the Geological Survey and its Water Resources Division by the Department. 
ORGANIZATION I 5 

ORGANIZATION 

The Geological Survey was established in 1879 as part of the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Administratively, the Geological Survey reports to the Assistant Secretary for Energy and Minerals' 

(see organization chart on page 6). The Headquarters of the Geological Survey is in Reston, 

Virginia, about 25 miles west of Washington, D.C. 

The Water Resources Division is one of three program Divisions within the Geological Survey. 

Its functions are carried out at two levels-Headquarters and field (see organization chart on 

page 7). The Headquarters level is responsible for overall direction of the Division, and consists 

of the Chief Hydrologist; the Associate Chief Hydrologist; the offices of the three Assistant Chief 

Hydrologists-for Operations, Scientific Publications and Data Management, and Research and 

Technical Coordination; and the Office of Water Data Coordination. Also included at the Headquarters level are the office of the Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research, the three 

Branches (Surface Water, Ground Water, and Quality of Water), the Office of Hazardous Waste 

Hydrology, the Program Office, and the Office of International Hydrology. ' 

General direction of the Division's field program is through four Regional Hydrologists, each 

of whom is located at a regional center-Reston, Virginia (Northeastern Region); Atlanta, Georgia 

(Southeastern Region); Lakewood (Denver), Colorado (Central Region); and Menlo Park, California (Western Region). These Regional Hydrologists represent the Chief Hydrologist and the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey in negotiations and dealing with other organizations and committees. They also oversee the programs of the Division's 43 District offices, which carry out the waterresources investigations and data-collection programs of the Division. 

The Division's National Research Program (NRP) is responsible for determining new methods 

for hydrologic-data collection and analysis, and providing new concepts in the understanding of 

hydrologic processes. Research staffs are located at the regional centers for the Northeastern, 

Central, and Western Regions, and, for the Southeastern Region, at the Gulf Coast Hydroscience 

Center in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. In each region, the activities of the research program are 

overseen by a Regional Research Hydrologist who reports to the Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research and Technical Coordination at Headquarters. 

Each District office is under the guidance of a District Chief who is responsible for planning, 

programing, and implementing the data-collection activities and hydrologic studies within the 

District. Many of the Districts' activities are funded by a joint-funding program, whereby the 

Geological Survey matches funds with tax-supported State and local agencies on a 50-50 basis. 

Each District typically has one or more subdistrict and field offices that report to the District 

Chief. Three multi-State Districts also have offices that coordinate programs within each State and 

report to the District office. 

The Division's field organization enables the Geological Survey to have close contact with 

State and local agencies, allows the accumulation of detailed experience and knowledge of regional 

and local hydrologic conditions, provides an early-warning system for the detection of emerging 

water problems, and reduces travel costs for conducting investigations and operating data-collection 

networks. 

A more detailed description of the functions of each component of the Division is given 

on the following pages. Location of the Division's offices is shown on the map on page 7. A 

listing of key Headquarters personnel and a directory of the field organization are given at the end 

of the report. 
6 I ORGANIZATION 

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

l I SECRETARY I EXECUTIVE I SOLICITOR J UNDER SECRETARY I ASSISTANT 

OFFICES: OFFICES: 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT 

SMALL & DISADVANTAGED CONGRESSIONAL & 

BUSINESS UTILIZATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS 

YOUTH PROGRAMS INSPECTOR GENERAL - - POLICY, BUDGET, AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS 

HEARINGS & APPEALS ADMINISTRATION 

l I I 

ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSIST ANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSIST ANT SECRETARY 

FISH AND WILDLIFE INDIAN AFFAIRS ENERGY AND MINERALS TERRITORIAL AND LAND AND WATER 

AND PARKS INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES 

AFFAIRS 

NATIONAL U.S. FISH BUREAU OF I!!; BUREAU BUREAU OF BUREAU OF PARK ~ AND INDIAN OF LAND 1- RECLAMATION SERVICE WILDLIFE AFFAIRS MINES MANAGEMENT SERVICE 

OFFICE OF MINERALS OFFICE OF 

SURFACE MANAGEMENT WATER 

MINING SERVICE POLICY 

RECLAMATION 

AND 

ENFORCEMENT 

ORGANIZATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 

DIRECTOR: D.L. Peck STAFF OFFICES 

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR: D.G. Frederick Washington Liaison Office: J.H. Wallace 

Equal Opportunity: B.D. Palmer 

Congressional Liaison: T.W. Reed 

ASSISTANT DIRECTORS Public Affairs: D.B. Kelly 

Administration: E.J. Grant 

Programs: H.A. Oden 

Research: B.B. Hanshaw 

Engineering Geology: J.F. Devine 

Information Systems: A.M. Gall 

Intergovernmental Affairs: J.J. Dragonetti 

l I 

GEOLOGIC DIVISION 

J l I 

lr·····-·-·····································.·.·. NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION ::::::WATER RESOURCES DIVISION:::::: 

A.M. Hamilton A.B. Southard tttttt\~~!.~!?. . ..9.~.~.~·~.\Iffttti 

liNFORMA TION SYSTEMS DIVISION I 

l 

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION 

I A.M. Gall E.J. Grant 
r 

ORGANIZATION/ 7 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION ORGANIZATION CHART 

I CHIEF HYDROLOGIST Philip Cohen I Assoc. Chief Hydrolog•st A. H. Langford 

I 1 Office of Water Data Coordination I Office of International Hydrology ..... --------------+----------------1 Chtef D. Laura J IL., __ c_h_,._, __ P._e_. w_._'_d __ ... '------------ r Program Officer 1

1 

J Asststant Ch tef Hydrologtst I for Operations 

L...--T. J-Buchanen--""' 

AdmInistrative Officer 

H. T. Da•.lis 

I 

I 

I NORTHEASTERN REGION J 

F. 8. Se11ums 

I Assistant Chief Hydro:ogtst 

for Sctentific Pub~icattons 

& Data Management 

J. E. Biesecker 

I SOUTHEASTERN REGION J 

I Assistant Chtef Hydrologist 

for Research & Techntcal 

Coord•natlon 

G. D. Bennatt 

I 

J 

Office of HaLardous Waste 

Hydrology 

Chtef J. B. Robertson 

I 

r CENTRAL REGION 

Deputy Asst. Chief Hydrologist 

for Research 8r Technical Coord. 

R. G. Wolff 

H Branch of Ground Water 

Chief E.P.Patten 

- H Branch of Quality of Water 

Chief R. J Ptckering 

I L..f Branch of Surface Water 

Chief M. E. MOI!i 

I 

-, I WESTERN REGION I 

I 

I 

J 

I 

I 

I Regtonal Hydrologist I S. P. Sauer I Regional Hydrotogtst I J. L. Cook r Regional Hydrologist I A. Clebsch, Jr. I Regtonal Hydrologist 

J. o. Bredehoeft I REGIONAL RESEARCH 

HYDROLOGISTS 

I DISTRICT CHIEFS 

Illinois . L. G. Toler 

Indiana D. K. Stewart 

Mid-Atlantic . H. J. Freiberger 

Michigan . T. A. Cummings 

Minnesota . D. A. Albin 

New England I. C. James II 

New Jersey . D. E. Vaupel 

New York .. L.A. Martens 

Ohio . 5. M. Hindall 

Pennsylvama ... D. E. Click 

West Virginia D. H. Appel 

Wisconsm V W. Norman 

• Nattonal facility admtnistered by 

the Region shown. 

I DISTRICT CHIEFS 

Alabama .. C. A. Patcale 

Arkansas. E. E. Gann 

Florida. I. H. Kantrowitz 

Georgia J. T. Armbrutter 

Kentucky A. L. Knight 

Louisiana D. D. Knochenmu 

Mississippi . . G. G. Parker, Jr. 

North Carolina J F. Turner 

Puerto Rico . F. Ou1nones-Marquez 

South Carolina A. N. Cherry 

Tennnsee L.A. Hayes 

• National Water Quality Laboratory 

Atlanta, Georgia 

•Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center 

Bay St. Louis, MiSSISSippi 

I DISTRICT CHIEFS 

Colorado. J. F. Blakey 

Iowa J. M. Klein 

Kansas . J. S. AoMntheln 

Miuouri D.P. Bauer 

Montana G. M. Pike 

Nebruka. W. M. Kastner 

New Mexico. J. F. Daniel 

North Dakota . L. G. Moore 

Oklahoma J. H. Irwin 

South Dakota A. E. Fidler 

Texas. C. W. Boning 

Utah T. Arnow 

Wyoming. A M. Bloyd, Jr 

•National Water Quality Laboratory 

Denver, Colorado 

• USGS National Traintng Center 

Denver, Colorado 

I NorthNstern. 

DISTRICT CHIEFS Southeastern. 

Alaska P. A. Emery Central. 

Arizona ..... R. D. MacNtsh Western. 

California.. . . T. J. Durbin 

S. F. Kapustka 

Idaho-Nevada . E. F. Hubbard, Jr. 

Oregon. Vacant 

Wethington L. B. Laird 

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OFFICES 

ALASKA 

e Anchorage 

000 

HAWAII 

e Honolulu 

00 

b. b. b. 

Alaska-Hawaii 

Time Zone 0 Regional office 

e Dlarrlct office 

0 Statewide or 

Subdistrict office 

0 

0 

Austine 

0 

EXPLANATION 

b. Field office 

G Gulf Coast Hvdrosclence Center 

National Water-Quality Laboratory 

Eastern Time Zone 

USGS National Training Center 

Time Zone 

- Regional Boundary 

SOUTHEASTERN 

REGION 

PUERTO RICO 

e San Juan 

Atlantic Time 

Zone 

P. H. Carrigan 

A. A. Baker 

A. C. Averett 

T. J. Conomo1 

June 1983 
8 I ORGANIZATION 

Headquarters Organization 

Chief Hydrologist and Associate Chief Hydrologist are responsible for overall direction of 

the Division. All Division personnel ultimately report to these officials. Long-range planning, 

program and budget development, water-data coordination activities, and international hydrology 

activities are directly under the Office of the Chief Hydrologist. 

Program Officer serves as the Division focus for congressional budgets. 

Chief, Office of Water Data Coordination, carries out the coordination and network planning functions assigned to the Department of the Interior by the Office of Management 

and Budget. The Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) provides staff assistance 

to the (Federal) Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data and the (non-Federal) 

Advisory Committee on Water Data for Public Use. In addition, OWDC maintains a 

computerized ftle of information on water-data acquisition activities of all Federal 

agencies; many State and local agencies voluntarily contribute information to this file. 

Chief, Office of International Hydrology, represents the Water Resources Division in the 

Geological Survey's program of international cooperation in the earth sciences. 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Operations assists the Chief Hydrologist in the establishment 

of policy on budgetary, accounting, personnel, program status, and technical service activities, and 

provides administrative and technical services to field offices. The Division Administrative Officer 

reports directly to the Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Operations. 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Scientific Publications and Data Management assists the Chief 

Hydrologist in (1) the development of policy and programs related to the production and dissemination of scientific and general-interest publications, and the acquisition of information on the 

Nation's use of water; (2) the development of methods and procedures for processing, storing, 

retrieving, and disseminating water data collected by the Division's field organization, and in managing the computerized distributed information system and the National Water-Data Storage and 

Retrieval System (WATSTORE); and (3) the management and operation of programs such as the 

National Water-Data Exchange (NAWDEX) and the Water Resources Scientific Information Center 

(WRSIC), which assist users in determining the availability of water data and related information 

from the Federal government, programs that assist in technology transfer, and programs that are 

related to compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEP A). 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research and Technical Coordination assists the Chief 

Hydrologist in the development of national programs of research and water investigations and 

provides technical guidance to the Division's operating programs. Within this organizational unit is 

the Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research and Technical Coordination who is responsible 

for the Division's National Research Program; the Branch of Surface Water, which is the Division's 

technical group responsible for leadership in the development of surface-water technology; the 

Branch of Ground Water, which is responsible for technical leadership in the ground-water discipline; and the Branch of Quality of Water, which is responsible for leadership in developing technology in water chemistry, sediment, and aquatic biology. The Branches provide technical guidance to Headquarters as well as to field operations. Coordinators of technical programs such as 

Hazardous Waste Hydrology and Coal and Oil-Shale Hydrology also report to the Assistant Chief 

Hydrologist for Research and Technical Coordination. 
ORGANIZATION I 9 

Field Organization 

Regional Hydrologists have line authority from the Chief Hydrologist and are responsible for 

the Districts within their regional structure. They are responsible for the direction and planning of 

regional programs and operation functions on a day-by-day basis, and serving as the Division and Bureau representative within the region. The Regional Hydrologist's immediate staff consists of an 

Assistant Regional Hydrologist, a regional administrative officer, a program officer, a computer 

specialist, a reports adviser, and specialists in the disciplines of surface water, ground water, and 

quality of water. These regional specialists work closely with equivalent personnel at Headquarters. 

The Central and Southeastern Regional Hydrologists also are responsible for the national waterquality laboratory within their region, and the Regional Hydrologist for the Central Region also is 

responsible for the National Training Center. 

Regional Research Hydrologists are located at the Regional Offices (with the exception of 

the Southeastern Region Research Hydrologist who is located in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi), but 

report directly to the Headquarters-based Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research and 

Technical Coordination. The Regional Research Hydrologists provide technical and administrative 

guidance to research activities in the regions, and participate in the planning of the National Research Program. 

District Chiefs report to the Regional Hydrologists and are responsible for the planning, 

direction, and execution of data-collection and hydrologic studies in the District. Support for 

these activities is provided by both Headquarters and Regional Offices. The District Chief maintains a staff of professional and technical personnel who conduct hydrologic studies and datacollection activities. 
10 I PERSONNEL 

PERSONNEL 

The Water Resources Division has a scientific staff with expertise in many phases of water 

and water-related activities. The scientific staff is supported by field, office, and laboratory 

personnel. The number of permanent full-time employees has remained nearly constant over the 

last decade although the program funding has tripled. The table below shows authorized employment levels and the illustration on the facing page shows total professional and support personnel 

for years 1970 to 1983. 

Authorized employment levels, 19 70-83 

Fiscal 

year Full time Other than Total full time 

1970 2,888 476 3,364 

1971 2,949 476 3,425 

1972 2,874 542 3,416 

1973 2,873 545 3,418 

1974 2,866 790 3,656 

1975 2,895 580 3,475 

1976 2,920 707 3,627 

1977 2,842 1,150 3,992 

1978 2,884 1,253 4,137 

1979 2,787 1,369 4,156 

1980 2,837 1,391 4,228 

1981 2,803 1,286 4,089 

1982 2,981 1,328 4,309 

1983 2,951 1,166 4,117 
3200 

2400 

2000 

.. .. .. ········ ····· ······~············ ••••······································ Full-Time Professional 

Personnel I 

PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL 

Other Than Full-Time 

Support Personnel 

,.-", /,.- ,, ~ 1600 ,;/ ,,,.... ...... , 

0 •·••••·••··•••••••••••••••••• .......... ··········"-········ ~ 1200 / •••••••••••·•••• ••••••·••••• ~ ,---'/ Full-Time Support, 

~ 800 // Personnel 

::J z ,.,. 400 _____ ,. 

FISCAL YEAR 

SUPPORT PERSONNEL 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION PERSONNEL 

PERSONNEL I 11 
12 I BUDGET AND SOURCE OF FUNDS 

BUDGET AND SOURCE OF FUNDS 

Funds to supporft~e work performed by the Water Resources Division are derived from 

three principal sources. ' 

• Federal Program-Funds for the Federal Program are appropriated by the Congress, and 

are specifically identified in the annual Geological Survey budget. These funds are used to 

support research, data collection, high-priority topical programs including energy-related 

programs, the coordination of all Federal programs related to collection of water data, and 

internal support services. In fiscal year 1982, this funding was $63.6 million; the estimated 

funding for fiscal year 1983 is $67.2 million (see table on page 15). 

• Federal-State Cooperative Program-Federal funds are appropriated by the Congress and used 

to match those furnished by State and other tax-supported agencies on a 50-50 basis. These 

funds are used for a variety of hydrologic data-collection activities and water-resources 

investigations in which the Water Resources Division represents the national responsibilities 

and the cooperating agencies represent State and local interests. In fiscal year 1982, these 

joint funds amounted to $90.0 million; the estimated funding for fiscal year 1983 is $92.3. 

• Other Federal Agencies (OFA) Program-In this program, the funds are transferred to the 

Geological Survey as reimbursement for work performed at the request of another Federal 

agency. In fiscal year 1982, this funding amounted to $30.2 million; and for fiscal year 

1983, the estimated funding is $32.9 million. 

Another source of the Division's funding is unmatched reimbursable funds from State and 

local government agencies and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission licensees. In fiscal year 

1982, these funds amounted to $4.6 million; the estimated funding for fiscal year 1983 is 

$1.5 million. 

The total Division budget for fiscal year 1982 was $188.4 million (see illustration on facing 

page). From 1970 to 1982, the Division's budget increased threefold; however, much of this 

increase was due to inflation. Based on constant 1972 dollars, the actual increase amounted to 

much less, as shown on page 14. 
FEDERAL PROGRAM 

(includes energy-~ 

hydrology) 

$63.6 Million 

FEDERAL 

PROGRAM 

33.1 °/o 

BUDGET AND SOURCE OF FUNDS I 13 

REIMBURSABLE: OTHER 

FEDERAL AGENCIES 

$30.2 Million 

REIMBURSABLE: 

MISCELLANEOUS 

---f.-============iJ N 0 N-FEDERAL 

FEDERAL SHARE 

COOP FUNDS 

$45.0 Million 

FEDERAL-STATE 

50-50 COOP PROGRAM 

23.3 °/o 23.3 °/o 

DIRECT APPROPRIATIONS 

TO U.S.G.S. - $108.6 Million 

SOURCES 

$4.6 Million 

STATE SHARE 

COOP FUNDS 

$45.0 Million 

REIMBURSABLE 

FROM OTHERS 

$79.8 Million 

FY 1982 TOTAl_ $188.4 MILLION 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION FUNDING, FISCAL YEAR 1982 
14 I BUDGET AND SOURCE OF FUNDS 

200 

180 

CJ) 160 

IX: 

< 

~ 140 ~ 

0 120 Cl 

~ 

0 100 

CJ) 

z 80 0 

~ 

~ 60 ~ ~ 

:E 40 

20 

0 

1970 

-----

Total WRD funds, 

in actual dollars 

__ ., 

.,.--..... .,. .......... / ,,. ...... .....__,_..--' ,....., ...... __ Total WRD funds, in 

constant 1972 dollars 

1975 1980 

FISCAL YEAR 

FUNDING TRENDS: FISCAL YEARS 1970-1983 

1985 

FUNDING SUPPORT FOR THE WATER RESOURCES DIVISION FOR 

FISCAL YEARS 1970-1983, BY SOURCE OF FUNDS 

[In thousands of dollars] 

Reimbursable funds 

Direct 

Fiscal State and Miscellaneous Other appro- Grand 

year local share non-Federal Federal Total priation total 

of joint agencies to USGS 

funding sources 

1970 ........... $17,280 $559 $10,183 $23,022 $31,585 $59,607 

1971 ........... 19,464 571 11,468 31,503 34,581 66,084 

1972 ........... 21,294 679 11,905 33,878 37,446 71,324 

1973 ........... 22,736 664 14,518 37,918 40,185 78,103 

1974 ........... 25,820 721 16,378 42,919 45,433 88,352 

1975 ........... 28,546 901 18,570 48,017 53,420 101,437 

1976 ........... 29,735 940 24,629 55,304 57,176 112,480 

Transition 

quarter 1 ••••••• 7,672 260 6,868 14,800 15,916 30,716 

1977 ........... 34,761 1,331 26,862 62,954 68,555 131,509 

1978 ........... 36,457 1,429 29,641 67,527 78,487 146,014 

1979 ........... 40,156 1,673 29,922 71,751 96,847 168,598 

1980 ........... 43,126 1,778 31,224 76,128 108,742 184,870 

1981. .......... 45,159 2,024 31,375 78,558 115,458 194,016 

1982 ........... 45,012 4,622 30,187 79,821 108,637 188,458 

1983 (estimate) .... 48,164 1,535 32,915 82,614 111,388 194,002 

1 In 1976, the beginning of the fiscal year changed from July 1 to October 1. Funds were appropriated to cover this transition quarter. 
BUDGET AND SOURCE OF FUNDS I 15 

DIRECT CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE WATER 

RESOURCES DMSION FOR FISCAL YEARS 1981-1983 

[In thousands of dollars] 

Program 

FEDERAL PROGRAM 

Data Collection and Analysis 

Basic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

National Water Quality Networks ........... . 

River Quality Assessments ................ . 

Energy Programs 

Coal Hydrology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nuclear Energy Hydrology-Low-Level Waste ... . 

Nuclear Energy Hydrology-High-Level Waste ... . 

Oil-Shale Hydrology .................... . 

Other Federal Program Elements 

National Water-Data Exchange ............. . 

Regional Aquifer Systems Analyses .......... . 

Water-Data Coordination ................ . 

Core-Program Hydrologic Research .......... . 

Improved Instrumentation ............... . 

National Water-Resources Conditions ........ . 

Ground-Water Recharge ................. . 

Subsurface Waste Storage ................ . 

Flood-Hazard Analysis .................. . 

Toxic Wastes-Ground-Water Contamination ... . 

Acid Rain .......................... . 

Supporting Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Water Resources Scientific Information Center ... 

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM 

Water Use ............................ . 

Coal Hydrology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Data Collection and Analysis, Areal Appraisals 

and Special Studies ................... . 

TOTAL 

1981 

$72,702 

16,633 

8,893 

6,534 

1,206 

22,652 

12,435 

2,385 

4,518 

3,314 

33,417 

1,288 

15,816 

913 

6,036 

2,026 

353 

1,409 

1,475 

457 

3,644 

42,756 

3,464 

3,176 

36,116 

$115,458 

1982 

$63,625 

14,833 

8,758 

5,717 

358 

15,525 

7,564 

2,183 

4,490 

1,288 

33,267 

1,257 

14,872 

898 

5,996 

1,944 

337 

1,461 

460 

958 

1,485 

3,599 

45,012 

3,334 

3,137 

38,541 

$108,637 

1983 

(estimated) 

$67,224 

15,427 

9,984 

5,443 

14,822 

6,807 

2,252 

4,492 

1,271 

36,975 

1,210 

14,248 

869 

5,814 

1,847 

321 

1,413 

452 

4,317 

2,393 

3,491 

600 

44,164 

3,182 

3,053 

37,929 

$111,388 
1 6 I PROGRAMS 

PROGRAMS 

Program development in the Water Resources Division is an evolving activity. Existing programs are reviewed regularly and future needs for water-data and hydrologic investigations are projected. Water problems and data needs frequently are brought to the attention of the Division by 

State and local agencies and the public; thus, program development also is a grassroots effort. As 

data needs and water-related problems change, the programs are modified accordingly. 

The programs of the Water Resources Division are of three major types-( a) data collection 

and dissemination, (b) problem-oriented water-resources appraisals, and (c) research. Budgetary 

documents classify the Division's activities according to source of funds, such as direct congressional 

appropriations (Federal Program), joint or shared funds (Federal-State Cooperative Program), and 

assistance to other Federal agencies (OFA Program). Although this classification is helpful for budgetary and general discussion purposes, most of the programs are so interrelated that they are difficult to explain exclusively by source of funds or type of activity. For example, theories arising 

from research are the foundation of data collection and problem-oriented water-resources appraisals, and data collection is a major component of all water-resources appraisals and most of the research studies. 

In this report, the Division's activities are discussed under three headings-long-term programs, topical programs, and technical-assistance programs. In reading the program descriptions, 

the reader should keep in mind that all Division programs cross scientific and budgetary boundaries. 

Long-Term Programs-The long-term programs include the Federal-State cooperative program; coordination of Federal water-data acquisition; assistance to other Federal agencies; the 

National Research Program; the National Water-Data Exchange; the Water Resources Scientific 

Information Center; the National Water-Use Information Program; the hydrologic data-collection 

program, including the national stream quality accounting network and the national bench-mark 

program; and the international hydrology program. These programs are fundamental to the Diviision's mission and they provide the data and research needed for the topical programs. 

Topical Programs-Topical programs are designed to provide critically needed information 

on issues of major and immediate concern to the Nation. The programs include hazardous waste 

hydrology, including high- and low-level nuclear and toxic-chemical wastes; coal and oil-shale 

hydrology; regional aquifer systems analysis; acid rain; volcano hazards; and water-resources 

conditions. 

Technical-Assistance Programs-Technical-assistance programs include the instrumentation 

program, the national water-quality laboratories, and the national training center. These programs, 

which are internal to the Division (in contrast to the other programs discussed in this report that 

deal with other agencies and the public), contribute significantly to the success of the Division's 

mission. 
PROGRAMS I 1 7 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-159-A,B. 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION PROGRAMS 
18 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Federal-State Cooperative Program 

The Federal-State Cooperative Program is a unique partnership for water-resources investigations. Authority for this program is derived from the legislation of 1879, which established the 

Geological Survey. The first cooperative program began in 1895 in Kansas. The Federal appropriations bill for fiscal year 1929 established the 50-50 cost-sharing principle. Every appropriations 

bill since then has recognized this 50-50 principle. These funds are used for a variety of hydrologic 

data-collection activities and water-resources investigations in which the Water Resources Division 

represents the national responsibilities and the cooperating agencies represent State and local 

interests. Much of the hydrologic information needed for planning, developing, and managing the 

Nation's water resources is derived from this program, which comprises about 45 percent of the 

overall activities of the Water Resources Division. Selection of investigations is a mutual effort 

between the Division and the cooperators, and results in a balanced program that recognizes needs, 

priorities, and resources of both parties. 

Purpose: 

• Determine the quantity and quality of surface and ground water and the use of the water. 

• Define and evaluate the extent and availability of water resources of drainage basins, counties, States, and 

water-resources regions. 

• Conduct special hydrologic and research studies on current water issues such as coal hydrology, droughts and 

floods, waste disposal, mineral and energy development, urban hydrology, and river quality. 

Activities: 

• More than 830 hydrologic investigations are being conducted by the Water Resources Division in the 50 

States, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories in fiscal year 1983. 

• Work is undertaken at the request of cooperators and is performed mostly by personnel of the Water Resources 

Division. Activities also are coordinated with other Federal agencies. 

• Approximately 700 joint-funding agreements are in effect involving more than 800 cooperators at State, 

regional, and local levels. 

Accomplishments: 

• Joint-funding agreements with cooperators to perform studies of mutual benefit result in a balanced program 

that recognizes the need, priorities, and resources of both sides. 

• The program generally provides the background for virtually all new scientific endeavors, partly because it 

serves as an early-warning system for the detection of emerging water problems. 

• Pooling of labor and talent has increased the capability for recruiting, training, and mobility of personnel, 

and improved support activities such as research and laboratories. 

• The cost-sharing principle has doubled the activities that could be afforded by each party. Without this 

program, many essential water-resources studies would have been impossible or would have required 

expenditures far greater than the actual costs. 

• Some of the many scientific advancements from the programa The hydrology of the Piceance Creek basin, Colorado, was simulated by a computer model to evaluate 

effects of oil-shale development on the area's water resources. 

o Water resources of the Cook Inlet Hydrologic Unit (drainage basin), Alaska, were studied for land-use 

planning, waste disposal, and development of public water supplies. 

o The Edward Limestone aquifer, Texas, was studied to determine the need for legislation to deal with 

the protection of aquifers that are the only source of public water supplies. 

o Beaver Creek, Kentucky, was a prototype study to evaluate the effects of surface mining on the 

environment. 

o A ground-water study of Indianapolis, Indiana, evaluated the availability of public water supplies and 

the need for the Highland Reservoir. 

• The program increased responsiveness to grassroots real-world needs and emergency situations such as the 

eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. 

• Uniform management provides common standards and uniformally reliable products. 

• The program assures that availability of impartial hydrologic information for all users-other Federal agencies, State legislatures, courts, water-management districts, State engineers and city administrators, and the 

public. 

• Many publications are produced as part of the Federal-State Cooperative Program. Examples of these publications are shown in the illustration on the facing page. 
OJOiltna ox.oo y or 

fO UTlfWIJTI &If .CUUI A. S ........ __ _ 

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS I 19 

(h>:>touJ.I\ 'au-r !RJla JOT 1M Stilt Bo:.m. 

&.gl~ Ffal. Rt4 [.ipiH Dmu·. (;r~·n fl,,,r \'a/If', 

ami PrtJiJ,a l:Jo/.«&!1"" \VI:'llfrrnnu~•l Tf(a,., 

A VAit.AlUl.JTY m• WA T£R !Wf'l'IJI:S 

IN NOil'fHWEST 0£0RGU. 

_ ... _,_ .. ,._ 

--·-

WAlER R~ SOl H 

PUBLICATIONS PREPARED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION, IN COOPERATION WITH STATE AND 

LOCAL AGENCIES 

In this program, some of the publications are published by the U.S. Geological Survey and 

others are published by State and local agencies. 
20 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Coordination of Federal 

vVater-Data Acquisition 

The U.S. Department of the Interior, through the Office of Water Data Coordination 

(OWDC), is responsible for coordinating the water-data acquisition activities of all agencies of the 

Federal government. This responsibility was delegated by Office of Management and Budget 

Circular A-67 in 1964. 

Purpose: 

• Assure effective management of Federal programs to meet requirements for water-resources 

information. 

• Catalog information on water data and on planned and existing Federal programs for acquiring 

water data. 

• Coordinate the planning, design, and documentation of water-data networks and information. 

Activities: 

• Two major committees meet annually to advise the Secretary of the Interior on water-data 

acquisition; they are the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, consisting of 

34 Federal agencies, and the Advisory Committee on Water Data for Public Use, consisting of 

27 members who represent State and local agencies, technical societies, universities, and 

private enterprises. The OWDC provides staff assistance to the two advisory committees. 

(See organization chart on facing page.) 

• Coordinate the preparation of the annual Federal plan for water-data acquisition. 

• Implement the recommendations of the advisory committees. 

Accomplishments: 

• In response to recommendations from the two advisory committees, the OWDC helped implement the following Water Resources Division programsa National Water-Use Information Program 

o National Stream Quality Accounting Network 

o National Water-Data Exchange 

o River Quality Assessment Program 

• A 12-chapter loose-leaf manual, "The National Handbook of Recommended Methods for Water 

Data Acquisition," was implemented and about 10,000 copies of the manual have been distributed worldwide. This manual is kept current by technical working groups staffed by 

representatives of the Geological Survey and other Federal agencies. The subjects of the 

12 technical working groups and the manual are shown in the chart on the facing page. 

• The catalog of information on water-data acquisition activities is now available through the 

National Water-Data Exchange (see page 26). Information in the catalog is obtained from 

185 Federal liaison officials and 460 voluntary participants at State and local levels. 

• Summary tables from the catalog of information on water data are published annually. 

• A Hydrologic Unit Map of the United States and a Hydrologic Unit Map for each of the States 

were published. 
COORDINATION OF FEDERAL WATER-DATA ACQUISITION I 21 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Geological Survey 

Water Resources Division 

Office of Water Data Coordination 

Interagency Advisory Committee Advisory Committee on Water Data 

on Water Data (IACWD) for Public Use (ACWDPU) 

I I 

Subcommittee for Subcommittee on Automated Data Sedimentation Systems 

I l )subcommittee on Ground Water Quality Assessment! 

Subcommittee on Subcommittee on 

Hydrology Ground Water 

I I I Subcommittee on Water Data Exchange 

Subcommittee on Water Coordinating Council 

-Data and Information for Water-Data - - Subcommittee on Recommended Methods 

Exchange Acquisition Methods 

TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS 

FOR RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR WATER-DATA ACQUISITION DESIGNATED BY IACWD 

Chapter 1 Chapter 7 

Surface Water (Quantity) Basin Characteristics 

Chapter 2 Chapter 8 

Ground Water (Quantity) Evaporation and Transpiration 

Chapter 3 Chapter 9 

Sediment Snow and Ice 

Chapter 4 Chapter 10 

Quality of Water (Biologic/Microbiologic) Hydrometeorologica I Observations 

Chapter 5 Chapter 11 

Quality of Water (Chemical/Physical) Water Use 

Chapter 6 Chapter 12 

Soil Moisture Water Data Handling and Exchange 

OFFICE OF WATER-DATA COORDINATION ADVISORY COMMITTEES, 

SUBCOMMITTEES, AND WORKING GROUPS ON RECOMMENDED METHODS 

I 

I 
22 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Assistance to Other Federal Agencies 

The U.S. Geological Survey frequently is requested by other Federal agencies to assist them by supplying hydrologic information or expertise pertinent to specific needs of those agencies. The agency requesting the work reimburses the W~ter Resources 

Division for its services. Many of the agencies, such as the National Weather Service, have a long-term relationship with the Geological 

Survey, whereas other agencies, such as the Office of Surface Mining, have recently established contacts with the Geological Survey. 

General assistance also is provided by the Division to other Federal agencies to assure compliance with environmental laws and regulations as required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). 

Purpose: 

• Provide hydrologic expertise and information needed by other Federal agencies to assist them in accomplishing their missions. 

This support includes assistance in the preparation of environmental impact statements and related documents as a cooperating agency, and the review and comment on such documents prepared by other Federal agencies as required by the National 

Environmental Policy Act. 

Activities: 

• Activities of this program depend on the information requests of the other Federal agency. Examples of the type of hydrologic 

assistance requested of the Water Resources Division by other Federal agencies are as follows: 

• Department of the Interior 

o Bureau of Land Management-collect hydrologic data, investigate availability of water on public lands, determine hydrologic effects of surface mining, and provide hydrologic impact statements for regional coal-leasing environmental impact 

statements. 

o Bureau of Mines-collect hydrologic data and investigate hydrologic aspects of abandoned coal mines. 

o Bureau of Reclamation-collect hydrologic data and investigate ground-water resources, land subsidence, and sites of 

proposed reservoirs. 

o Fish and Wildlife Service-collect hydrologic data; study ground-water recharge, availability of water for fish hatcheries, 

and relation of ground water to lakes; and evaluate instream flow. 

o National Park Service-collect hydrologic data, appraise water resources of National Parks and Monuments, and study 

flood hazards, forest geomorphology, and ground water of campground areas. 

o Bureau of Indian Affairs-collect hydrologic data and appraise water resources, including the investigation of present and 

potential water supplies on reservations. 

o Office of Surface Mining-supply hydrologic data and information needs required by the Surface Mining Control andReclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 and provide assistance in developing impact statements required by SMCRA. 

• Department of Agriculture-investigate hydrology of small watersheds by studying sediment deposits, stream disc~arge, 

and quality of water. 

• Department of Defense 

o Corps of Engineers-collect hydrologic data, and investigate tidal flows in estuaries, subsidence, streamflow, ground water, 

sedimentation, and water quality. 

o Military bases-conduct studies related to toxic waste, ground-water contamination, and water supply. 

• Department of Energy-study hydrologic conditions and effects on the hydrologic environment of underground nuclearexplosion test sites, and of existing and potential nuclear waste disposal sites; conduct research on the interaction between radioactive materials and various geohydrologic environments. 

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission-review interpretations of hydrologic condition at sites being evaluated for potential highlevel radioactive waste repositories. 

• Department of Housing and Urban Development-delineate flood plains, flood profiles, and flood frequencies for floodinsurance programs. 

• Department of Commerce (National Weather Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) -compile 

and disseminate flow and stage data from about 2,600 Water Resources Division gaging-stations for use by the National 

Weather Service for its river and flood-forecasting systems. 

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-conduct studies related to energy research and development, municipal wastedisposal sites, relationship of ground water to lakes; collect water-quality information, and provide hydrologic assistance 

for toxic-waste cleanup actions under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Superfund (ERCLAComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) programs. 

Accomplishments: 

• A number of reports describing the hydrology of eastern and western coal areas have been published. These reports are the result 

of studies done at the request of the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Mines, and the Office of Surface Mining to 

determine the location, quantity, and quality of available water, the effects of surface mining on hydrologic processes, and to 

describe new techniques for evaluating mining impacts, including statistical and modeling approaches. The Tug Fork Basin 

investigation (see illustration on the facing page) is an example of the assistance given by the Water Resources Division to 

other Federal agencies. 

• Implemented Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) with the Environmental Protection Agency regarding related programs of 

the Survey and EPA including coordination of information on hydrologic plans, and technology transfer of data and information. 

• Established MOU with the Office of Surface Mining for the Water Resources Division to provide hydrologic assistance in thereview of mine plans and related activities. 

• Participated in "Superfund" activities with the EPA, Corps of Engineers, States, and some local agencies concerning cleanup of 

hazardous-waste disposal sites. 

• Prepared a series of hydrologic and geologic reports for the National Park Service for National Parks and National Monuments. 

• Assisted the Department of the Army at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. 

• Reviewed environmental impact statements submitted by other agencies and provided comments for Department of the Interior's 

review. 

• Provided assistance to bureaus and agencies in the environmental assessment and preparation of environmental impact statements 

in areas of hydrologic and geologic expertise. 
ASSISTANCE TO OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES I 23 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-196-80. 

Investigation of Trends in Flooding 

In the Tug Fork Basin of Kentucky, 

Virginia, and West Virginia 

~~.:: ... / .... ~--

-~ 

'·~ 

~~,.. ......... ) •. .. ......... ._..... ........... 

United States 

Geological 

Survey 

Water-Supply 

Paper 2203 

Prepared in 

cooperation with the 

Office of Surface 

Mining Reclamation 

and Enforcement and 

the U.S. Bureau of 

Mines 

TUG FORK BASIN INVESTIGATION IS AN EXAMPLE 

OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S ASSISTANCE 

TO OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES 
24 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

National Research Program 

The National Research Program focuses on increasing understanding of the fundamental 

hydrologic processes of the Nation's ground- and surface-water systems. Knowledge and techniques 

derived from the Division's research effort are directed at solving current water-resources problems 

and anticipating, and thus preventing, future water problems. Results of all research projects are 

made available to other programs of the Water Resources Division and to the scientific community 

worldwide. 

Purpose: 

• Improve knowledge of the fundamental processes that affect or control the movement of water and chemical 

constituents through hydrologic systems. 

• Develop an understanding of the effects of human activities on the hydrologic system. 

Activities: 

• Research is being done in six major fields of study: 

o Surface-water hydrology o Ground-water hydrology o Water chemistry 

o Geochemistry o Sediment transport and geomorphology o Ecology 

• About 250 researchers are involved in 140 projects. Examples of these research projects are nuclide migration 

in saturated and unsaturated environments, hydrology of lakes, water quality and human health, stream 

ecology and hydrology, solute transport in saturated and unsaturated environments, bedload movement in 

streams, humic acids in streams, oil-shale leachate migration, wetland hydrology and ecology, geothermal 

energy resources, development of ground-water flow models, and measurements, predictions, and effects 

of the movement of glaciers. 

Accomplishments: 

More than 150 reports and abstracts that cover a broad scientific spectrum were published in fiscal year 

1982. Highlights of the research effort include: 

o Development of hydrologic models that describe urban storm-sewer flow, transient open-channel flow, 

and one-dimensional flow in the Potomac River 

o Development of a mathematical model that predicts the retreat rate of the terminus of the Columbia 

Glacier and estimates the time distribution of resulting iceberg discharge (see illustration on facing 

page). 

o Greater insight into chemical processes that affect oxidation, precipitation, and organic complexes of 

iron and manganese. 

o Conducted a detailed survey of the distribution, species composition, and productivity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in San Francisco Bay. 

o Improved the method-of-characteristics model to simulate solute transport. 

o Completed a comprehensive analysis of major and trace elements in deep granitic ground water which 

suggests that crystalline rock can undergo significant geochemical reactions with water at great 

depth. 

o Linear programing and ground-water pollution management has led to a new concentration response 

method to preserve ground-water quality while waste is being injected. 

o A one-dimensional model for transport of non-trace quantities of solutes affected by equiHbriumcontrolled ion exchange reactions was completed. 

o Completed studies that showed a significant correlation between mineral content of drinking water and 

health; low death rates characterized areas with high magnesium content in drinking water and 

high death rates were correlated with water low in magnesium content. 

o A new computer program was written to facilitate calculation of mass balance models in ground water 

o Studies were completed which found that the decomposition of organic matter is the dominant diagenetic reaction in sediments of the tidal Potomac River. 

o Completed a quantitative assessment of the low-temperature geothermal resources of the Western 

United States. 

o Determined processes that regulate the growth of phytoplankton in the fresh, tidal Potomac River. 

o Conducted critical review of recent toxicological and ecological research on the responses of certain 

flora and fauna to trace metals. 

o Better understanding of numerical simulation of hydrodynamic processes in rivers, estuaries, and 

embayments was achieved with a system that can process and interpret vertical-velocity and flowprofile data, and synthesize time-dependent, unsteady-flow discharge hydrographs. 
NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM I 25 

0 5 10 KILOMETERS l-L....__._...J-.1.--.I-J-'--L-J 

Source: Rasmussen and Meier, 1982. 

COLUMBIA GLACIER, ALASKA 

Arrows show direction of flow. Main ice stream is indicated by longer arrows and dots at 2-km 

intervals along the longitudinal coordinate system. 
26 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

National Water-Data Exchange 

The National Water-Data Exchange (NAWDEX) is the outgrowth of the recommendations 

made by the two advisory committees to the Secretary of the Interior to improve access to all 

federally acquired water data. 

Purpose: 

• Expand the availability of water data to all those who need and use water data, improve the 

exchange of such data, and serve as a focal point for obtaining the data. 

Activities: 

• Operate a national water-data indexing program. 

• Maintain a national user-service program that includes a nationwide network of assistance 

centers and liaison with water-oriented organizations. 

• Provide support to the Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) water-data cataloging 

requirements. (See page 20 for description of OWDC.) 

Accomplishments: 

• Increased membership to nearly 250 Federal, State, and local government, academic, and 

private water-oriented organizations. 

• Established a national network of 75 assistance centers in 45 States and Puerto Rico, as of 

April 1983. These centers processed 85,000 requests for hydrologic information during 

fiscal year 1981 and nearly 100,000 requests during fiscal year 1982. (See illustration on 

facing page.) 

• Designed and maintains the Master Water Data Index of data-collection sites. (See illustration 

below.) The index now includes over 450,000 sites operated by more than 450 organizations. 

• Designed and maintains a Water-Data Sources Directory, which identifies organizations that are 

sources of water and water-related data and locations within these organizations from which 

data may be obtained. (See illustration on facing page.) 

• Coordinates direct access to two major water-data bases: STORET, of the Environmental 

Protection Agency, and WATSTORE, of the Geological Survey. (See page 30 for description 

ofWATSTORE.) 

lMASTER WATER DATA INDEXJ 

WATER-DATA SITE 

• IDENTIFIERS AND 

DESCRIPTORS 

I I 1 

I SURFACE-WATER DATA I I GROUND-WATER DATA I I WATER-QUALITY DATA I I METEOROLOGICAL DATA I 

I 

I I I 

IBIOLOGICALj I PHYSICAL I I SEDIMENT II CHEMICAL I 

Source: Perry and Williams, 1982. 
NATIONAL WATER-DATA EXCHANGE I 27 

"aw~Bx IIAIIOIIAI. WATER DATI EICHIIIGE A PROGRAM TO PROVIDE ACCESS 

TO WATER DATA 

----, ·-

;:- '; . ' 

.. : __ _, __ 

•·. 

ASSISTANCE 

CENTERS 

federal 

Organizations 

\ I 

NAWOEX 

~m 

I \ 

Academia 

USER SERVICES 

. •Data Search Assistance • Request-Referral Services • Access to Major Water Data Bases 

• Data Source Identification 

•Nationwide Index of Water Data 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-161-77. 

WATER DATA SOURCES DIRECTORY 

ORGANIZATION 

• AGENCY CODE 

& DESCRIPTORS 

I 

WATER OTHER LIAISON INDEXED DFACES DATA SOURCES OFFICIALS DATA AVAILABLE 

I I I I COUNTIES I I COMMENTS I I COUNTIES I 

I I I 

ASSISTANCE LIAISON LIAISON 

CENTERS COMMENTS STATES STATES COMMENTS 

I 

COUNTIES 

Source: Edwards, 1982. 

WATERRELATED 

DATA 
28 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Water Resources Scientific 

Information Center 

The Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) was created in 1966 and placed 

in the Department of the Interior on the advice and consent of the Committee on Water Resources 

Research of the former Federal Council for Science and Technology and the Office of Science and 

Technology in the Executive Office of the President. The objective of WRSIC was "to make available information and reports on projects completed, in progress, or planned under the provisions 

***" of the Water Resources Research Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-379, as amended). WRSIC 

initially was located in the Office of Water Resources Research (later known as the Office of Water 

Research and Technology). In August 1982, the Secretary of the Interior transferred WRSIC to 

the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division, where it would complement the Division's 

long-standing program of disseminating water information to the public. WRSIC will work closely 

with NA WDEX, and plans are being made to provide bibliographic services through NA WDEX in 

the future. 

Purpose: 

• Increase the availability and knowledge of water-related scientific and technical information by 

abstracting water-resource publications, and making this information promptly and readily 

available to the water-resources community and the public through publications and computerized bibliographic-information services. (See illustration on facing page.) 

Activities: 

• Abstract, index, and classify water-resources literature published worldwide. 

• Publish "Selected Water Resources Abstracts" monthly. 

• Maintain a comprehensive worldwide computerized bibliographic information base. 

• Maintain a research-in-progress information base. 

• Provide custom searches of the bibliographic information base for Federal agencies. 

• Maintain the "Water Resources Thesaurus." 

Accomplishments: 

• Established a computerized bibliographic-information base that contained more than 165,000 

abstracts as of 1982. 

• Established an abstract-exchange program with major Federal water agencies, State waterresources research institutes, and some foreign governments. 

• Updated and published revised editions of the "Water Resources Thesaurus." 

• Arranged for bibliographic information base to be made available through commercial on-line 

services from Lockheed's DIALOG system and the Systems Development Corporation's 

ORBIT system. 
SEARCifi'-!C 

WAT£R IIUOUACE llfEII',t,TURE 

llrtOMI'UfUt 

___ ,. __ ...... ___ ,_,. \j;J..fl.ttAJIInot/IITOI'fMtliiTIOIIOII 

--. .... -

NU-91tl11 

~J])JJ1J])J@"Jr)]]JD) 

~WATER 

RESOURCES 

ABSTRACTS 

Yklllfli. IMIIIP JI OCTO&tA I, IN2 

WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER I 29 

ABSTRACTING 

AND INDEXING 

GUIDE 

OffiCE Of WATU U SfAf:CH AND TfCHHOtOG'f 

O.S, OtPAlTMENT Of THf INffiiOit 

WATER RESOURCES 

---~K£SAURUS 

PUBLICATIONS OF WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION 

CENTER 
30 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

National Water-Data Storage 

and Retrieval System 

The National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) was begun by the Geological Survey in 1971 to improve access to the vast amount of water data collected by the Water 

Resources Division. Data from this system form the basis of book and map reports that describe 

and analyze the Nation's water resources. These hydrologic data are used not only in determining 

the adequacy of water supplies, but also in designing dams, bridges, and flood-control projects; in 

allocating irrigation waters; in locating sources of pollution; in planning for energy development; 

and in predicting the potential effects of radioactive-waste storage on water supplies. 

Purpose: 

• Provide computerized water data to the water-data community and maintains the national water 

resources data base. 

Activities: 

• Maintain several computer files (see illustration on facing page) in which data are grouped and 

stored by common characteristics and data-collection frequencies. These files includea Surface-water, quality-of-water, and ground-water data measured on a daily or continuous 

basis. 

a Annual peak (maximum) streamflow (discharge) and gage height (stage) values for surfacewater stations. 

a Chemical-quality analyses for surface and ground water. 

a Water characteristics that are measured more frequently than daily. 

a Geologic and inventory data for ground-water sites. 

a Water-use information for 12 categories of use. 

• Improve the dissemination of water data to water managers and planners. 

Accomplishments: 

• WATSTORE and the Environmental Protection Agency's Storage and Retrieval System 

(STORET) have been interfaced. Data are transferred monthly from WATSTORE to 

STORET. 

• WATSTORE files containa 200 million daily observations of streamflow, reservoir contents, water temperature, 

stream sediment, and ground-water level data. 

a 2 million chemical, physical, biological, and radiochemical analyses from surface and 

ground water. 

a hydrologic and geologic data on 700,000 inventoried wells. 

• Data are now stored and retrieved at thousands of locations that are part of a nationwide telecommunications network. 

• About 350 satellite data-collection platforms are being operated to provide hydrologic data to 

users on a real-time or hourly basis. 

• Information is being supplied to requestors of data in formats appropriate to their needs. For 

example, computer-printed tables and graphs, statistical analyses, digital plots, and magnetic 

tape. 

• WATSTORE is a major data base that contributes summary information to the National WaterData Exchange (see page 26). 
Ground-Water 

Site-Inventory File 

NATIONAL WATER-DATA-STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM I 31 

WATST¢RE 

Station Header 

File 

Computer 

Water-Use File I· 

- Daily-Values File Peak-Flow File Water-Quality File Unit-Values File 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 198lb. 

NATIONAL WATER-DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 
32 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

National Water-Use Information Program 

The National Water-Use Information Program was started in response to the need for a single 

source for uniform information on water use. The program, which began in 1978, is part of the 

Geological Survey's Federal-State Cooperative Program and is designed to meet the mutual needs 

of State and Federal governments. (See illustration on facing page.) The data derived by this program complement the Geological Survey's long-term data on water availability and quality. 

Purpose: 

• Determine nationwide how mucho fresh and saline surface and ground water is withdrawn 

o water is used 

o water is consumed during use 

o water is returned for further use. 

• Determine what changes in water quality are associated with the various categories of use. 

Activities: 

• Assist the States in the collection and compilation of water-use data. 

• Develop a computerized data storage and retrieval system. 

• Devise new methods and techniques to improve and standardize the collection and analysis of 

water-use information. 

• Make the water-use information readily available and understandable. 

Accomplishments: 

• Program has been established in 47 States, but at varying levels of completeness. 

• The computerized National Water-Use Data System is in operation at the Federal level, and data 

are available through WATSTORE (see page 30) and NAWDEX (see page 26). 

• Software programs for the State Water-Use Data System have been completed, and several 

States have implemented the system. 

• Data are being compiled for 12 categories of water use: 

Agriculture: Power generation: o Industrial (9) 

o Irrigation (1) o Fossil Fuel (5) o Mining (10) 

o Nonirrigation (2) o Geothermal (6) o Public supply (11) 

o Commercial (3) o Hydroelectric (7) o Sewage treatment (12) 

o Domestic (4) o Nuclear (8) 

• Information is being released in publications of the U.S. Geological Survey and State agencies. 

• The report "Estimated use of water in the United States in 1980" was published. 
PRODUCTS 

• NATIONAL COMPUTER ALE 

• SUMMARY REPORTS 

•INFORMATION FOR 

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT 

NATIONAL WATER-USE INFORMATION PROGRAM I 33 

USERS REGIONAL AND FEDERAL PLANNING AGENCIES 

STATE AND LOCAL PLANNING AGENCIES 

POUCY MAKERS 

CONSULT ANTS 

PRODUCTS 

• STATE COMPUTER ALE 

• STATE-LOCAL REPORTS 

NATIONAL WATER-USE INFORMATION PROGRAM 
34 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Hydrologic Data-Collection Program 

The Hydrologic Data-Collection Program is the Water Resources Division's basic program for collecting and 

analyzing data on the Nation's surface and ground water. These data are used to support the needs of Federal, 

State, and local governments. Data-collection stations are maintained at selected locations to provide standardized 

records on stream discharge (flow) and stage (height), reservoir and lake storage, ground-water levels, well and 

spring discharge, and the quality of surface and ground water. The program is funded in several ways, as shown 

in the table below. 

Purpose: 

• Provide the hydrologic data needed to support the obligations and concerns of the Federal government (Geological Survey and other Federal agencies). 

• Provide the hydrologic data needed to respond to the mutual needs and concerns of State, local, and Federal 

agencies regarding management, development, regulation, conservation, and environmental protection of 

the Nation's water (see Federal-State Cooperative Program). 

Activities: 

• Collect data required by court decree, treaty, or compact. 

• Provide data needed to support activities of other Federal agencies. 

• Provide data needed to support national programs, such as energy studies. 

• Operate stations to collect data on the quantity and quality of surface and ground water at local and State 

levels, with emphasis on collecting data in water-deficient areas, urban complexes, small watersheds, and 

areas of energy-resources development. 

• Monitor quantity and quality of water to detect trends in stream quality (see National Stream Quality 

Accounting Network (NASQAN), page 36). 

• Monitor hydrologic characteristics at sites relatively unaffected by human activities (see National Hydrologic 

Bench-Mark Program, page 36). 

Accomplishments: 

• Provides the basic data for water-resources appraisals, environmental impact statements, and energy-related 

studies, and, in establishing the baseline conditions of the Nation's water, has become the foundation for 

solving emerging water issues. 

• Data are now available through two computerized systems-the National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval 

System (see page 30) and the National Water-Data Exchange (see page 26). 

• Data are published annually for each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. Special appendixes, such 

as data for coal-producing areas, are published as needed. 

NUMBER OF DATA-COLLECTION SITES, BY SOURCE OF FUNDS, FY 1982 

[Numbers have been rounded] 

Type of data-collection station 

Basic data-collection stations: 

Surface-water quantity: 

Continuous . . . . 

Intermittent ..... 

Surface-water quality .. 

Lake and reservoir contents . 

Sediment. . . . . : . . 

Ground-water levels .. 

Ground-water quality. 

Monitoring networks: 

NASQAN .. 

Bench mark. 

Total. 

Number of stations, by source of funds 

Federal 

Program 

600 

100 

200 

200 

600 

5,500 

250 

500 

50 

8,000 

FederalState 

Cooperative 

Program 

5,300 

7,000 

7,500 

500 

1,800 

14,000 

7,100 

43,200 

Other 

Federal 

Agency 

Program 

2,400 

400 

1,200 

200 

400 

7,200 

11,800 

Total 

number of 

stations 

8,300 

7,500 

8,900 

900 

2,800 

26,700 

7,350 

500 

50 

63,000 
HYDROLOGIC DATA-COLLECTION PROGRAM I 35 

COLLECTIN& HYDROLD&IC DATA 

With the use of Specialized Equipment and Techniques The Water 

Resources Division of The U. S. Geological Survey determines the 

Availability and Quality of the Nation's Water Resources. 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-98. 

~,~~* 

ul.. ' f~ - It ...-.... 

-' ., . ~ 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION HYDROLOGIC DATA-COLLECTION 

PROGRAM 
36 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

Hydrologic Data-Collection Program-continued 

The Geological Survey operates two special-purpose programs to monitor surface-water 

quality-the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and the National Hydrologic Bench-Mark Program. These programs are designed to answer the questions, "What is the 

quality of water in the major river systems of the United States?" and "Is the quality changing?" 

Neither of these networks is designed to determine why the water quality might be changing. 

However, research is underway to improve knowledge of the processes that influence the natural 

and changing quality of water. 

National Stream Quality Accounting Network 

Purpose: 

• Provide an assessment of stream quality for use in national and regional water-quality planning 

and management. 

Activities: 

• Monitor a comprehensive set of physical and chemical characteristics of surface water at stations 

throughout the country to detect changes in stream quality and to determine long-term trends 

(see illustration on facing page). 

Accomplishments: 

• Established more than 500 NASQAN stations on the Nation's major rivers. These stations are 

located at or near the downstream end of hydrologi_c accounting units or at representative 

sites along coastal areas and the Great Lakes. 

• Within NASQAN are a Radiochemical Surveillance Network of 52 sampling sites, and a Tritium 

Network, which monitors tritium concentrations at 14 streamflow and 16 atmospheric precipitation sampling sites. 

• Published data and information for a wide variety of users. 

• Published river quality assessment reports on several areas. 

• Published topical reports based on NASQAN data and focusing on a particular aspect of water 

quality. 

• Initiated research projects to conduct trend analysis. 

National Hydrologic Bench-Mark Program 

Purpose: 

• Provide consistent hydrologic data (including water quality and related factors) in representative 

undeveloped watersheds nationwide and provide analyses on a continuing basis to compare 

and contrast conditions observed in basins more obviously affected by man. 

Activities: 

• Monitor streamflow and physical and chemical characteristics at selected "natural" sites throughout the country (see illustration on facing page). 

• Provide summary, analysis, and interpretation of the data. 

Accomplishments: 

• Established 58 monitoring stations. 

• Data from the program were used in a search for evidence of effects of acid precipitation on 

stream waters. 

• Reports have been published that describe the environment and the natural water quality of the 

watersheds; these data were then compared with the quality of major streams that drain the 

same regions, but which have been "influenced" by man. Studies are underway to summarize 

all streamflow quantity and quality data and to analyze trends in quantity and quality 

characteristics. 
HYDROLOGIC DATA-COLLECTION PROGRAM I 37 

NATIONAL STREAM QUALITY ACCOUNTING NETWORK (NASQAN) 

NATIONAL HYDROLOGIC BENCH-MARK PROGRAM 

LOCATION OF STATIONS IN THE NATIONAL STREAM QUALITY 

ACCOUNTING NETWORK AND THE NATIONAL HYDROLOGIC 

BENCH-MARK PROGRAM 
38 I LONG-TERM PROGRAMS 

International Hydrology Program 

Activities related to foreign governments and international organizations are planned and 

directed by the Office of International Hydrology {OIH). 

Purpose: 

• Represent the Water Resources Division in the Geological Survey's program of international 

cooperation in the earth sciences. 

Activities: 

• Represent the United States in international water programs, such as those associated with United 

Nations {UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and Food and Agricultural Organization of the 

United Nations (FAO). 

• Provide personnel and expertise for international water-resources investigations. 

• Provide for training and exchange of foreign nationals in hydrologic fields. 

• Monitor foreign methodology and research in hydrology for potential application to domestic 

programs. 

Accomplishments: 

• Coordinated the Geological Survey's hydrologic assistance programs, including major projects in 

Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Venezuela, China, and several other countries. 

• Provided training for foreign scientists and technicians. 

• Arranged visits for scientists and administrators from foreign countries. 

• Coordinated the cooperative exchange of technical experts in surface-water hydrology and 

sedimentation. 

• Chief Hydrologist of the Geological Survey serves as Chairman of the United States delegation 

to UNESCO's Inter-Governmental Council for the International Hydrologic Program. 

• Had lead role in establishing an exchange program of hydrologic information between the 

United States and China (see illustration on facing page). 
INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAM I 39 

B 

A 

c D 

E F 

A. Demonstration of boat-mounted stream discharge equipment at the Marco Polo hydrologic station on Yong 

Ding He River. B. Visit to Jiangwan Experimental Runoff Hydrometric Station near Hangzhou. C. Bubble gage 

and telemetry system for the Yangtze River at Hankow. D. Diagram of cableway and site plan for the hydrometric station at Xian Tao on the Han Jiang River. E. Model of the Gezhouba Dam under construction on the 

Yangtze River at Yichang. F. Console for reception of telemetered hydrologic data at the Jiangdu Key Water 

Conservancy Project near Yangzhou. 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TRIP TO PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 

MAY -JUNE 1982 
40 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program 

The transport of all types of waste through the environment is controlled by the same geologic, 

hydrologic, and geochemical conditions. In recognition of this fact, the Division in July 1981 established the Office of Hazardous-Waste Hydrology to coordinate research and investigations related 

to the disposal of all types of hazardous radioactive and toxic-chemical (nomadioactive) waste. 

The new office will improve the Division's effectiveness in providing the technical information 

needed to alleviate a critical threat to public health and safety. 

The Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program has four objectives: 

• Provide scientific knowledge to evaluate the safety of hazardous-waste disposal and to alleviate 

existing or potential contamination problems. 

• Develop an interdisciplinary team of scientists to conduct research, to provide consultative expertise for use of other Federal agencies, and to develop technical solutions for disposal and 

contamination problems. 

• Provide baseline data on the extent of ground-water contamination. 

• Develop procedures and guidelines for identifying and selecting suitable waste-disposal sites. 

The three components of the program-high-level nuclear wastes, low-level nuclear wastes, 

and toxic-chemical wastes/ground-water contamination are described separately on the following 

pages. A table that compares several characteristics of nuclear wastes and toxic-chemical wastes is 

shown on the facing page. 
HAZARDOUS-WASTE HYDROLOGY PROGRAM I 41 

COMPARISON OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF NUCLEAR WASTES TO THOSE OF 

TOXIC-CHEMICAL WASTES 

[Estimated volumes and other data are based primarily on information from the documents listed at the foot of 

this table.] 

Characteristics Nuclear wastes 

Toxic chemical wastes 

(liquids and solids) 

Estimated volumes 

on hand, 1980. 

70 million cubic yards, uranium mill tailings. 

2 million cubic yards, all other nuclear waste. 

6 billion cubic yards. 

Estimated yearly 

volume generated, 1980. 

1.5 million cubic yards, uranium mill tailings. 

300,000 cubic yards, all other nuclear wastes. 

50 to 500 million cubic 

yards. 

Number of known 42 uranium mill tailings sites 7,000 to 100,000. 

disposal or storage sites. 

20 other major waste sites. Does not include 

nuclear-power reactors (70) where spent fuel is 

temporarily stored. 

Does not include municipal 

landfills and septic tanks. 

Estimated area 

underlain by 

ground water contaminated 

beyond potable 

use. 

Residential populations affected 

by condemned 

groundwater 

supplies. 

Composition of the 

wastes. 

10 to 30 square miles. 

None known. 

Fairly well known. 

1,000 to 10,000 square 

miles. 

More than 2 million. 

Extremely variable; largely 

unknown. 

Principal sources of 

wastes. 

Relatively few industrial and institutional 

activities; well known and regulated. 

All sectors of public and industrial activities; poorly 

known and controlled. 

Gass, T E., 1980, To What Extent is Ground Water Contaminated?: Water Well Journal, November 1980, p 26-27. 

Landa, Edward, 1980, Isolation of Uranium Mill Tailings and 

Their Component Radionuclides from the Biosphere-Some 

Earth-Science Perspectives: U.S Geological Survey Circular 

814, 31 p 

P1shdadazar, H. and Moghiss1, A A., 1980. Hazardous Waste 

Sites in the United States: Nuclear and Chemical Waste 

Management, v. 1, nos 3 and 4, p. 161-309. 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 1982c, table 1. 

US. Council on Environmental Quality, 1981, Contamination 

of Ground Water by Toxic Organic Chemicals: 85 p. 

U.S. Department of Energy, 1981, Low-Level Radioactive Waste 

Policy Act Report-Response to Public Law 96-573: DOE/NE 

0015, 57 p. 

--1981, Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Inventories and 

Projections as of December 31, 1980: DOE/NE-0017, 279 p 

US Environmental Protection Agency, 1980, Ground-Water Protection: a Water Quality Management Report, 36 p. 
42 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program 

High-Level Nuclear Wastes 

High-level nuclear wastes, which result from chemical processing of irradiated nuclear fuels, 

pose some of the most severe potential health hazards and complex technical problems. The Geological Survey conducted geohydrologic studies related to a variety of nuclear facilities and activities 

for many years through its former Office of Radiohydrology. Its program for identifying envirqnments potentially suitable for repository sites was an outgrowth of a plan developed jointly with 

the U.S. Department of Energy, which has the responsibility for selecting, building, and operating 

the repositories. The Geological Survey's effort is aimed at assisting in solving the Nation's dilemma 

in selecting suitable sites for the storage of high-level radioactive waste. 

Purpose: 

• Provide information from field and laboratory studies to identify and confrrm alternative 

environments that will embody multiple natural barriers to the migration of waste from 

repository sites. (See illustration on facing page.) 

Activities: 

• Assist the U.S. Department of Energy in establishing repository-site selection criteria and 

selecting potential sites. 

• Assist the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in developing regulations and in licensing repository 

sites. 

• Conduct program of research ono Geochemistry of plutonium and related isotopes in ground water. 

o Flow of fluids and radionuclides through porous and fractured materials. 

o Thermomechanical properties of rocks. 

o Development of methods to characterize hydrologic, geologic, and chemical properties of 

rock masses. 

o Characterization of long-term geologic processes and events that could disrupt potential 

repository sites. 

• Screen large areas of the Nation to identify areas having favorable characteristics for locating 

potential waste-repository sites. 

Accomplishments: 

• Constructed facility in Colorado for testing and evaluating stress-measuring instruments to be 

used in determining mechanical properties of selected rocks. 

• Conducted hydrologic investigations at the Nevada Test Site to define the rate and directions of 

ground-water movement. 

• Developed the concept of waste disposal in arid unsaturated zones which has been adopted by 

the Department of Energy. 

• Developed and implemented procedures for screening large regions of the country for areas 

having geohydrologic characteristics potentially suitable for waste-repository sites. 

• Instrumental in selecting the Yucca Mountain location at the Nevada Test Site as a principal 

candidate site for a high-level waste repository. 

• Played principal role in selecting and characterizing the Waste Isolation Pilot Program site in 

New Mexico for disposal of military waste in bedded salt deposits. 
DEEP WATER TABLE 

NEARLY IMPERMEABLE STRATA @ 

SLOW-MOVING GROUND WATER 

LONG FLOW PATH 

HIGH ADSORPTION OR ION EXCHANGE 

CAPACITY 

(j) STRONG ROCK WITH FEW FRACTURES 

@SLOW EROSION RATE 

@ LOW PROBABILITY FOR GEOLOGIC" FAULTING 

OR VOLCANIC ACTIVfTY 

HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTES I 43 

THE MUL TI·BARRIER 

APPROACH TO RADIOACTIVE 

WASTE ISOLATION 

Source: Modified from U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-195-80. 

MULTIPLE NATURAL BARRIERS TO THE MIGRATION OF WASTE FROM 

REPOSITORY SITES 
44 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program 

Low-Level Nuclear Wastes 

Low-level nuclear wastes result from a variety of activities, including university research 

programs, medical treatment, and electrical power generation. The radioactivity of low-level wastes 

is considerably less than that of high-level nuclear wastes associated with nuclear fuel. Thus, the 

standards for waste-repository sites are not as stringent as those for high-level nuclear wastes, but 

determining the selection of effective sites requires considerable study, particularly in the earth 

sciences. 

Purpose: 

• Develop hydrologic guidelines that can be used to select and develop future sites for burial of 

low-level nuclear wastes, and to monitor and manage existing sites. 

Activities: 

• Conduct research and field investigations into processes controlling leaching and migration of 

radionuclides from existing shallow land-disposal sites. 

• Develop techniques and guidelines for the selection and design of future sites and for determining 

remedial measures to be used at existing sites where site performance does not appear to be 

satisfactory. 

• Assist other Federal and State agencies in developing and implementing effective low-level 

waste-management programs. 

Accomplishments: 

• Detailed field investigations were completed at six existing commercial low-level waste burial 

sites in New York, South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, and Nevada. 

• Studies also were conducted at U.S. Department of Energy waste-disposal sites in Idaho, 

Tennessee, and Illinois. 

• The usefulness of complex computer models to simulate movement of radionuclides in ground 

water was clearly demonstrated at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and documented 

in several reports. 

• The major geologic and hydrologic problems associated with existing disposal sites for low-level 

wastes have been identified and described in reports. 
LOW-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTES I 45 

Source : U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-166-81. 

RESEARCH EXPERIMENTS IN LOW-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL 
46 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Hazardous-Waste Hydrology Program 

Toxic-Chemical Wastes/Ground-Water Contamination 

Public concern about nuclear wastes has been evident for years. Only recently has the public 

become concerned about the disposal of toxic-chemical wastes because of the increasing evidence 

of ground-water contamination. (See table on page 41 for comparison of estimated volumes of 

toxic wastes and nuclear wastes.) 

Purpose: 

• Provide the scientific knowledge to improve the technology ofland burial oftoxic-chemical wastes 

and the procedures for alleviating conditions at those disposal sites that pose a threat to 

public health and safety. (See illustration on facing page.) 

Activities: 

• Conduct regional and national appraisals of ground-water quality. 

• Conduct intensive interdisciplinary field research of selected disposal sites to characterize the 

most important earth-science processes affecting the fate of contaminants. 

• Assist other Federal and State agencies in developing regulations and standards for managing 

disposal of hazardous waste. 

• Conduct fundamental research into surface chemistry, biochemistry, and other chemical factors 

controlling the mobility and fate of organic substances in ground water. 

Accomplishments: 

• The Toxic Waste/Ground-Water Contamination Program began in 1982 and its efforts have been 

concentrated on developing new research studies in the behavior and fate of contaminants in 

ground water. 

• Two ground-water contamination sites, one each in Florida and Minnesota, have been selected for 

intensive interdisciplinary field research on physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting 

the fate of organic contaminants in ground water. 

• Projects were initiated in aqueous organic chemistry, biotransformation reaction in ground 

water, and other water-quality effects of microbes in ground water. 

• Four appraisals of ground-water quality were completed in Kentucky, Wisconsin, Idaho, and 

Nevada. Four additional appraisals were started in Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, and 

Pennsylvania. 
TOXIC-CHEMICAL WASTES/GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION I 47 

TOXIC WASTES 

RISKS OF WASTE MIGRATION MUST BE EVALUATED 

Source: Modified from U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-211-81. 

HAZARDOUS-WASTE STORAGE AND GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION 
48 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Coal Hydrology Program 

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, Public Law 95-87, increased 

the need for hydrologic information in coal-producing areas of the Nation on Federal and private 

lands. The Water Resources Division's Coal Hydrology Program is designed to help the appropriate 

Federal and State regulatory agencies plan and manage mining and reclamation operations. The 

Division also is providing hydrologic support for the Interior Department's program to lease Federal 

coal lands. 

Purpose: 

• Provide the water data and hydrologic information needed to evaluate the effects of mining and 

reclamation on streams and aquifers (see illustration on facing page) to aid in the leasing of 

Federal lands and permitting of coal mining nationwide. 

Activities: 

• Acquire and disseminate hydrologic information on existing and potential coal-mining areas. 

• Upgrade hydrologic data networks and implement hydrologic studies in major coal areas. 

• Improve techniques for interpreting hydrologic data and develop mathematical models for 

predicting effects of mining and reclamation. 

Accomplishments: 

• Published water-data indexes for the major coal provinces. 

• A series of 62 reports that summarize pertinent hydrologic data in the Nation's principal coal 

areas has been planned. Twenty-six of these reports have been published as of June 1983. 

(See map below.) 

• Expanded hydrologic data-collection networks for improved definition and characterization of 

regional hydrology. 

• Developed predictive basin models to simulate the effects of various mining and land-use changes 

on the hydrologic system in several States. 

Q Reports published as of June 1 983 

EASTERN 

pROVINCE 

LOCATION OF COAL PROVINCES AND AREAS FOR WHICH REPORTS 

WILL BE PUBLISHED 
COAL SfAM !AOUiFER 

A. UNDISTURBED CONDITION 

B. DISTURBED AQUIFER 

(Reclaimed overburden is poorly permeable 

impeding ground water) 

(Permeable fill improving infiltration) 

Source: Harkins and others, 1981. 

COAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAM I 49 

Normal inflow to stream 

from aquifer 

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SURF ACE MINING ON AQUIFERS 
50 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Oil-Shale Hydrology Program 

Water is a critical component to the development of oil-shale resources. The Water Resources 

Division is involved in defining available water supplies in oil-shale areas and in determining the 

effects of oil-shale development on water resources. 

Purpose: 

• Assess the water-supply availability for oil-shale development, and evaluate the long-term effects 

of oil-shale development on water quantity and quality in the oil-shale basins. (See illustration 

on facing page.) 

Activities: 

• Collect baseline data on the quantity and quality of surface and ground water in oil-shale areas. 

• Develop the capability to predict the effects of both surface and underground mining on water 

resources. 

• Develop the capability to predict the effects of both surface and in situ retorting of oil shale in 

water resources. 

• Conduct hydrologic studies in the Piceance, Parachute-Roan Creek, Green River, and Uinta 

Basins, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. These studies include aquifer tests, mathematical 

models of the aquifer, and reaction of waste products in the surface- and ground-water 

system. 

Accomplishments: 

• Developed hydrologic models of the Piceance Creek in Colorado to predict effects of mining and 

retorting. 

• Operated surface-water and ground-water monitoring networks in proximity to Federal oil-shale 

lease areas. 

• Completed reports on following subjects: 

o Hydrology of the Piceance Creek Basin. 

o Ground-water and surface-water models of the oil-shale areas. 

o Sediment production and transport from the oil-shale areas. 

o Biology of Piceance Creek. 

o Chemistry of leachates from oil-shale pits. 

o Chemical effects of wastes from in situ retorts. 

o Acidification of lakes in the oil-shale areas. 
OIL-SHALE HYDROLOGY PROGRAM I 51 

OIL SHALE 

I 

I 

I 

~ 

if 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel C-110-81. 

SURFACE WATER STATIONS 

DISCHARGE ...................... 61 

QUALITY .............................. 52 

SEDIMENT ......................... 48 

GROUND WATER SITES 

WATER LEVELS ............ 91 

QUALITY ............................. 36 

SPRINGS 

DISCHARGE ................... 140 

QUALITY ........................... 140 

- Hydrologic Study Areas 

• - Lease Tracts 

ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE WATER FOR OIL-SHALE DEVELOPMENT 
52 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Regional Aquifer System Analysis Program 

The Regional Aquifer System Analysis Program (RASA) is a systematic effort to study a 

number of regional ground-water systems that represent a significant part of the Nation's water supply. A regional aquifer system, as the term is used here, may be of two general types: (1) aquifers 

that are of regional extent, such as the Northern Great Plains, and (2) groups of aquifers that share 

so many characteristics that they can be studied together-for instance, the Southwestern Alluvial 

Basin. In general, the boundaries of these regional aquifer systems transcend political subdivisions 

that have limited hydrologic investigations in the past. 

Purpose: 

• Provide the basic information and criteria required to develop and manage ground-water supplies, 

particularly as a drought-resistant component of the total water supply. 

Activities: 

• Determine the availability and chemical quality of water stored in each aquifer system. 

• Determine the discharge-recharge characteristics of each aquifer system. 

• Determine the hydrogeologic and chemical controls that govern the response of aquifer systems 

to stress. 

• Develop computer-simulation models for each aquifer to assist in understanding the ground-waterflow regime and the changes in this regime brought about by human activities, such as 

pumpage or artifical recharge. 

Accomplishments: 

• Twenty-eight systems were identified for possible study. As of March 1983, studies of two of 

those systems have been completed, two have been extended to encompass additional studies 

of special interest, 12 others are underway, and one is projected to start in 1984 (see illustration on facing page). 

• The High Plains Aquifer study has mapped the volumes of ground water depleted from the 

aquifer by irrigation pumpage and has developed a ground-water model to test alternative 

strategies for mitigating effects of depletion. (See illustration on facing page.) 

• The Southeastern Carbonate Aquifer study (Florida and Georgia) has determined that additional 

development of the aquifer is feasible, but that careful management will be needed to avoid 

encroachment of saline water. 

• More than 100 information products describing the scientific fmdings of the studies have been 

published; about 75 reports are in progress. 

• Calibrated flow-simulation models for the Northern Great Plains, Northern Midwest, California 

Central Valley, High Plains, and Southeastern Carbonates studies. Models for all other 

studies are under development. 

• Developed maps that show the hydraulic and chemical characteristics of the ground-water 

system. 

• Developed simulation models to predict the effects of future pumping. 
:::::;:; ;:;: 1 Studies underway, FY 1982 

RZit:J Studies completed, FY 1982 

~Studies initiated, FY 1983 

[','(>.:,! Studies planned, FY 1984 

REGIONAL AQUIFER SYSTEM ANALYSIS PROGRAM I 53 

REGIONAL AQUIFER SYSTEM ANALYSIS STUDIES 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-227-82. 

HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER STUDY 
54 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Acid Rain Program 

The possible environmental effects of acid rain are in the public spotlight, and are of great 

concern because the problem is not yet fully understood. The Geological Survey's research and 

monitoring program in acid rain is coordinated through the Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation. The Water Resources Division chairs the Deposition Monitoring Task Group, one of 

nine task groups, and is a member of two other task groups (Aquatic and Terrestrial Effects). The 

possible effects of acid rain are shown in the illustrations on the facing page. 

Purpose: 

• Collect and interpret data to help formulate national policy decisions regarding control or abatement of acid rain. 

Activities: 

• Determine the effects of chemical composition of atmospheric deposition and its variability. 

• Determine the effects of atmospheric deposition on soils and near-surface rocks. 

• Determine the susceptability of lakes, streams, and aquifers to increased acidification. 

• Provide quality-assurance support for chemical analysis of atmospheric deposition. 

• Predict, based upon information collected in this program, the effects of increased or decreased 

pollutants in rainfall on the characteristics of soils, rocks, and natural waters. 

• Coordinate program with the Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and National Park Service. 

Accomplishments: 

• Designed and implemented a national network of stations for collection and analysis of atmospheric deposition. 

• Completed statistical analyses of stream-quality data collected over the past decade at the 

Division's National Hydrologic Bench-Mark Program stations. 

• Published an acid-rain report based on data collected from 1965 to 1978 at nine precipitation 

monitoring stations in New York. 

• Assisted in identification of acid-sensitive streams and lakes. 

• Conducted a reconnaissance of the chemical composition of snow in the northeast and northern 

midwest during the winter of 1980-81. 

• Established several long-term research projects to determine the effects of acid rain on geochemical processes in aquatic and terrestrial environments. 
------10 RAIN 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-209-81. 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-228-82. 

ACID RAIN PROGRAM 

i I I 

I ' I 

I 

' 

ACID RAIN PROGRAM I 55 

I ' I 

' 
56 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

Volcano-Hazards Program 

The Geological Survey is the lead Federal agency for investigating volcano hazards. The 

Water Resources Division's role is to define the current and long-range effects of volcanic and seismic 

activities on water resources. 

Purpose: 

• Describe the nature and rates of processes involved in cataclysmic events, monitor potential 

volcano areas, provide hazard warnings, and develop information for resource planning and 

management. 

Activities (Mount St. Helens): 

• Maintain a flood-hazard and mudfluw-warning system for the Toutle-Cowlitz and Lewis Rivers 

by use of a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) platform. 

• Conduct studies and develop mathematical models to describe floods, erosion, sediment transport, 

and mudflows. 

• Determine the effects of ash deposition on the melting of glacial ice and snowfields. 

• Determine the biological effects of mudflows and ashfalls on streams and lakes. 

• Monitor and assess the stability of debris-dammed lakes. 

Accomplishments: 

• Installed a flood-hazard and mudflow-warning system in the Mount St. Helens area. The Spirit 

Lake debris dam and potential downstream flood hazard are monitored continuously. 

• Published reports on the hydrologic effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption. (See illustration 

on facing page.) 

• Contributed to publications released by other agencies and the private sector. 

• Established a sediment laboratory at the Cascades Volcano Observatory. 

• Completed plans for hydrologic reconnaissance studies at other volcanoes. 
VOLCANO-HAZARDS PROGRAMS I 57 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATIONS ON THE HYDROLOGIC 

EFFECTS OF THE MOUNT ST. HELENS ERUPTION 
58 I TOPICAL PROGRAMS 

National Water-Resources 

Conditions Program 

Federal and State agencies often are required to make assessments of the Nation's water 

resources to aid in formulating major water-policy decisions that involve river-basin development, 

water conservation, water allocation, and environmental protection. Although much information 

has been collected on the water resources of the United States, little has been done to organize the 

data in a way that aids analysis of current water issues. 

To help improve understanding of the nature, geographic distribution, magnitude, and trends 

of the Nation's water resources and water issues, the Geological Survey established the National 

Water-Resources Conditions Program in 1981. 

Purpose: 

• Provide water -resources policymakers with information about the availability, quantity, quality, 

and use of water resources, and organize and summarize this information to portray the condition of the Nation's water resources to national, State, and local officials, and the public. 

(Illustrations on facing page shows how information can be presented.) 

Activities: 

• Develop and maintain a Water-Resources Information System to support the identification of 

water issues, the characterization of current water conditions, and the water-resources 

assessment activities of other agencies. 

• Compile an inventory of water issues. 

• Prepare a yearly national water summary on water-resources conditions and the nature and 

occurrence of water issues, beginning in the fall of 1983. 

• Prepare special thematic publications such as a map showing the location of the Nation's dams 

and reservoirs, and detailed analyses of topical issues. 

• Conduct research to improve techniques for summarizing water-resources conditions. 

Benefits: 

• Provide a uniform base of water information for use in lormulating water policies and in 

conducting water-resources assessments. 

• Provide a summary of current national, regional, and State water situations and trends. 
uj 

(/) 

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oa: 

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NATIONAL WATER-RESOURCES CONDITIONS PROGRAM I 59 

400 

350 

(/) 

300 5 

·············· 

··········.,.,.,.,. _.;;;.,.,.,. ?ulatio~,.,.~ 

1otal ?~,.,. .• •·•· ,.,. ·~ .. ,.,. ,§,~ •• 

,.,. \0e> ••• ••• 

.. ·· ---- ••. ·•·•• \rrigatio~--

... · --------- 1 00 - 4-- m?tive u-::se::.---1 ~··- ~ consu •• •• \0\a: 

50 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

o···-··· o 

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

::J _J 

~ 

?; 

z 

0 

i= 

<t: _J 

::J 

c... 

0 

c... 

_J 

<t: 

f0 

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Source: Solley and others, 1983. 

TRENDS IN WATER USE AND POPULATION, 1950-80 

Streamflow 

to Pacific 

Ocean300 bgd 

Ground-water 

outflow -25 bgd 

Atmospheric molsture-40,000 bgd 

., ,. f I' f , "' ,.. ; I I I j I I 

'Y:~; ~J? ji~iil;a, ?l 'l-6bgd 

; ,j / / / I I 1 / wr. ·.,, f,#'; - t~Fi.JI' 

Evaporation and transpiration-2,800 t?gd . 'Jlf') 

·~ 

Ground-water 

outflow- 75 bgd 

Streamflow to Mexico- 1.6 bgd 

Total flow to oce~ns-1,300 bgd 

Source: U.S. Geological Survey exhibit panel W-225-82 

WATER BUDGET OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES 
60 I TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

Instrumentation Program 

The Instrumentation Program was devised to assist investigations throughout the Division 

that require specialized hydrologic instrumentation and to increase the Division's ability to provide 

hydrologic data. The Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility at Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, and the 

Satellite Data Relay Project at Reston, Virginia, are major contributors to this program. 

Purpose: 

• Improve the Division's capability to provide hydrologic data, by improving the technology 

and instrumentation used in the collection and analysis of water-quantity and water-quality 

data. 

Activities: 

• Plan and develop hydrologic field instruments. 

• Test and evaluate commercially available instrumentation. 

• Supply and repair instrumentation. 

• Test and evaluate the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and satellite 

telemetry for relay of hydrologic data. 

• Assist the District and Research project offices of the Water Resources Division in planning and 

procuring GOES satellite receiving stations as part of the effort to distribute data collection 

and processing capabilities. 

Accomplishments: 

• Completed extensive tests of telemetry system on Landsat, GOES, and commercial satellites. At 

end of fiscal year 1982, data were being telemetered from 500 stream-gaging stations through 

GOES satellites, which include sites being instrumented and operated by other agencies using 

Geological Survey gaging stations. 

• At end of fiscal year 1982, three GOES satellite receiving stations were in operation and three 

additional stations were scheduled for operation in early 1983. 

• Established the Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in 1980 to improve the planning, 

development, repair, and supply of hydrologic instruments. (See illustration on facing page.) 

• Installed the hydrologic-data real-time computer-processing system (Hydrecs) to receive data 

collected by GOES. 

• Developed specifications for an improved and standardized field data-acquisition system known 

as Adaptable Hydrologic Data Acquisition System (AHDAS). 

• Developed and installed 40 urban-hydrology monitoring systems. 

• Completed tests of new technology for measuring streamflow, water quality, and water use. 
INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM I 61 

HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTATION FACILITY LAYOUT 

HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTATION FACILITY 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, GULF COAST HYDROSCIENCE CENTER, 

MISSISSIPPI 
62 I TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

National Water -Quality Laboratories 

The Water Resources Division maintains two national water-quality laboratories: one at 

Arvada (Denver area), Colorado, and the other at Doraville (Atlanta area), Georgia. The Denver 

laboratory probably is the largest facility of its kind in the world. The major responsibility ofthese 

laboratories is to perform chemical, biological, radiochemical, and stable-isotope analysis of water 

and streambed material. The activities of the laboratories are coordinated by an Analytical Services 

Coordinator at the Division's Headquarters. Analytical results are stored automatically in WATSTORE (see page 30). Both laboratories perform services that meet the needs of the Federal 

Program, the Federal-State Cooperative Program, and the Division's National Research Program. 

Together, the laboratories analyze more than 84,000 water samples each year, and, since 1976, 

have made about 6 million analytical measurements. The laboratories also are the centers for the 

development of and research into analytical methods needed to enhance laboratory capabilities. 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATIONAL WATER QUALITY 

LABORATORY, ARVADA, COLORADO 
NATIONAL TRANING CENTER I 63 

National Training Center 

The U.S. Geological Survey's National Training Center was established in 1977 at the Denver 

Federal Center, Lakewood, Colorado. The training center is used by the entire Geological Survey 

to transfer earth-science information to its personnel. Training also is provided to personnel from 

other Federal, State, and local agencies, and to foreign scientists and water managers. This center is 

an expansion of a previous Water Resources Division training program, and the Division continues 

to administer the training center for the Geological Survey. 

The training center has classrooms, video-tape and closed-circuit television systems, and computer and laboratory equipment. Special methods and techniques are taught to aid in developing 

the expertise required to understand and efficiently perform hydrologic investigations. 

TRAINING HYDROLOGISTS 
64 I DISSEMINATION OF DATA AND INFORMATION 

Dissemination of Data and Information 

The Water Resources Division of the Geological Survey is the Nation's lead agency in water-data collection 

and dissemination of information on water resources, primarily because of the Division's ability to make water 

data and information readily available to water managers, policymakers, the scientific community, and the 

public in formats that meet their needs, and to release this information equally to all interested parties. 

The Geological Survey has been publishing and releasing the results of its studies for more than 100 years. 

The information is multipurpose and, after its immediate need, becomes a basis for future resource evaluation 

and water-management decisions. The Water Resources Division releases its information through several publication series, explained below, and through two computerized systems, WATSTORE and NAWDEX, explained 

earlier in this report. 

A description of these publications series and the type of information presented in them is given below. 

Examples of these series and the number of reports released during the period 1975 to 1982 are shown on the 

facing page. 

Water-Supply Paper-Signficant interpretive results of hydrologic investigations that are considered to be 

of broad interest. 

Professional Paper-Comprehensive or topical reports on any earth-science subject of interest to multidiscipline scientific audiences. 

Bulletin-Significant interpretive results of geologic investigations of broad interest. 

Circular-Short summaries of topical investigations that are of popular interest. 

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation-Documentation of methods and techniques used in 

collecting, analyzing, and processing hydrologic data for water-resources-oriented audiences. 

Water-Resources Investigations Report-Comprehensive or topical reports and interpretive maps of local 

or short-term interest for interdisciplinary audiences. 

Open-file book and map reports-Compilations of data and prelimary interpretive reports of limited 

interest, or reports awaiting formal publication that require interim release. 

Map series, such as Hydrologic Investigations Atlas-Significant results of hydrologic investigations 

presented in map format. 

Water-Data Report-Water-year data on streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of surface and 

ground water for each State, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territories. 

Water-Resourcesinvestigations in (State) folder-Pamphlet series that documents the Division's current 

programs in the 50 States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territories. 

Geological Survey Yearbook-Significant activities of the Water Resources Division that are summarized 

each year for general audiences. 

Geological Survey Research-Summaries of water-resources research in progress and results of recent 

investigations that are summarized each year for multidisciplinary audiences. 

National Water Conditions-A monthly news release that summarizes the national water situation for 

water-resources-oriented audiences. 

With the exception of the "National Water Conditions," which is a form of news release, all the above 

publication series are listed in two catalogs-"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961" and "Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-70,"-and in yearly supplements to these catalogs for 1971 through 

1982. As new publications are released, they are announced in a monthly list, "New Publications of the Geological 

Survey." 

All these publications are available from a variety of sources, and information on how to obtain the 

various publications is given in Geological Survey Circular 777 (Clarke and others, 1982). 

Many items of scientific interest are published in technical and scientific journals to make the information 

readily available to those in related fields of study. Other reports of local interest are published by cooperating 

State agencies and made available within the State. 

In late 1982, the Water Resources Division initiated a Distributed Information System, which will be a 

network of minicomputers located in all the Division's District and Research project offices. As the program 

proceeds through the 1980's, hydrologic data will be processed and analyzed at distributed computers in the 

Geological Survey field offices and in microprocessors at gaging stations, rather than at the centralized computers 

at the Geological Survey's National Center in Reston, Virginia. The advantage of a distributed information 

system is that users can gain immediate access to specific data for their area and use them to make sound watermanagement and water-planning decisions. 
DISSEMINATION OF DATA AND INFORMATION/ 65 

NUMBER OF REPORTS APPROVED FOR RELEASE OR PUBLICATION BY 

TilE WATER RESOURCES DIVISION 

I Basic-data reports, bridge-site reports, HUD-flood insurance reports, Water-Data Reports, and 

the series of 51 State wat er-resources investigations folders are not included 1 

Type of report 

1975 

Water-Supply Papers .. .... .... .. . 27 

Professional Papers . . . . . . . 17 

Bulletins . ...... . . . . . . . . 0 

Circulars . ........ 5 

Techniques of Water-Resources 

Investigations . ......... 

Water-Resources Investigations 

Reports .. 57 

Open-me book and map reports .... 152 

Map series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

Outside publications (includes State 

publications, journal articles, 

abstracts, and other related items) 396 

Journal of Research articles' . ... 15 

Miscellaneous reports. . . . . . . 0 

Administrative releases .. . ..... 24 

Flood-prone area mapping project: 

Maps. ... ..... 1,210 

Pamphlets' . . ........ 330 

Total (exclusive of flood-prone area 

maps and pamphlets) ...... 752 

1 The journal was discontinued in 1979. 2 The pamphlet project was completed in 1976. 

'\umtlt.;I "'A~ 

1.£ !hf> '-iii IO ·, 

(;fo~llld• \\ O<:'r ii:<"'O >Ufi<'II4.~ 

1976 

II 

18 

0 

5 

135 

264 

28 

464 

38 

0 

24 

451 

57 

990 

Number of approved reports 

1977 1978 

17 7 

13 24 

0 I 

6 6 

0 4 

137 144 

204 219 

21 30 

543 658 

19 13 

0 0 

23 12 

171 103 

983 1,118 

1979 1980 1981 

12 32 28 

13 9 10 

I 2 0 

4 7 10 

!50 227 200 

163 179 171 

23 35 12 

501 477 474 

0 15 0 

9 13 3 

285 222 129 

877 999 910 

HYOROt.OGY OF AA'E..A. 18 EASTERN C~L PROVINCE 

TENNESSEE 

1982 

13 

12 

I 

3 

222 

275 

13 

599 

0 

10 

173 

1,151 

EXAMPLES OF U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATIONS 
66 I SUMMARY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS 

SUMMARY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS 

Effective management of water resources requires that up-to-date scientific hydrologic information be readily available to planners and managers. The U.S. Geological Survey has the principal 

responsibility within the Federal government for providing hydrologic data and appraising water 

resources to help evaluate water problems. The Geological Survey's mission is to present impartial, 

accurate data and scientific analysis, and to release the information to all parties on equal terms. 

The Water Resources Division provides technical support to the missions of other Federal 

agencies, participates in joint-funding agreements with State and local agencies, and contributes 

significantly to national and international efforts in hydrology. In this way, the Division keeps 

abreast of water-information needs at all levels of government and is able to develop programs that 

are responsive to these needs. 

The Division's programs are funded by: (1) direct appropriation by Congress for Federal 

programs, (2) direct congressional appropriations for the Division's 50-percent share of the FederalState cooperative program, (3) reimbursement by other Federal agencies, and ( 4) unmatched 

reimbusable funds from State and local agencies. 

The total funds of the Water Resources Division in fiscal year 1982 amounted to less than 

$200 million. Although the Division has only 5 percent of the total funds spent by the Federal 

government on water-resources programs, it has been extremely successful in carrying out its 

mission due to: 

• An impartial scientific approach to describing hydrologic problems and collecting, analyzing, 

and interpreting hydrologic data. 

• A strong field organization and staff of skilled scientists. 

• Cooperative programs with more than 800 State and local agencies. 

• Capabilities for conducting scientific research on critical water-resources problems. 

• Continuous modification of programs as data needs and water-related problems change. 

• Simultaneous release of findings to all interested parties. 

• Credibility among the water-resources community. 

The programs of the Division are of three types: data collection and dissemination, problemoriented water-resources appraisals, and research. In this report, the programs are classified as 

long-term programs, topical programs, and technical-assistance programs. A selected list of accomplishments of these programs and the information-dissemination activity is given below. More 

information on the Division's programs and accomplishments can be obtained by referring to the 

reports given in "Selected References" or by contacting the appropriate key personnel listed at the 

end of this report. 

Long-Term Programs 

• National Water-Data Exchange (NAWDEX) was developed to serve as the focal point for indexing 

and providing access to a diversified water data base nationwide, thus reducing time, effort, 

and expense to its users. 

• National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) was expanded and automated 

to improve direct user access to its data files. It is the largest hydrologic-data system in the 

world, providing more than half of the Nation's water data and information base. 

• National Water-Use Information Program, a cooperative State and Federal program, is in operation in 47 States and Puerto Rico. Research has started on methods and instrumentation for 

acquiring water-use data. The National Water-Use Data System (NWUDS) was established as 

a computerized system to store aggregated data about the amount of withdrawal, return flow, 
SUMMARY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS I 67 

and use of water. Several State Water-Use Data Systems have been installed. The report 

"Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1980," Circular 1001, was published. 

• A mathematical model of the Columbia Glacier indicates that the glacier is on the verge of a 

major retreat. The retreat will move the forward edge of the glacier from its present position 

over a shallow shoal into deeper water, which could cause an increased number of large icebergs in oil-tanker shipping lanes. 

• A research study of the Potomac River Estuary in the Washington, D.C., area, revealed that 

nitrogen from bottom sediment sources can exceed the amount discharged from sewagetreatment plants during the critical low-flow-high-temperature summer season. 

• Simulation methods for predicting the magnitude of flooding from dam breaks were developed. 

• National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) was completed to provide a national 

river-quality data base suitable for examining conditions and trends in river-water quality. 

• National Handbook of Recommended Methods for Water-Data Acquisition was developed to 

improve the comparability and usability of data collected by all water-resources agencies in 

the United States. The Handbook is a product of interagency cooperation among more than 

25 Federal agencies and is coordinated with the non-Federal sector through the Advisory 

Committee on Water Data for Public Use. 

• A hydrologic unit map of the United States and individual State hydrologic unit maps were 

published. 

Topical Programs 

• Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis (RASA) Program began studies of regional ground-water 

systems that collectively account for a significant part of the Nation's water supply. These 

studies are designed to determine the flow patterns and chemical quality of ground water 

under natural conditions; the hydrologic effects of pumping, waste disposal, and other human 

activities; and the potential for and results of further water-resources development. 

• Coal hydrology reports are being prepared for 62 surface-mining areas in the Eastern, Interior, 

Rocky Mountain, and Northern Great Plains Coal Provinces. 

• The ground-water system of the oil-shale-rich Piceance Creek basin was mathematically modeled 

to help analyze the availability of ground water for mining operations and the effects of oilshale mining on the hydrologic system. 

• Ground-water recharge studies under experimental field conditions have demonstrated that artificial recharge is technically feasible in the southern High Plains, an area where ground-water 

withdrawals far exceed natural recharge. 

• Landsat imagery has proven useful for delineating irrigated acreage and enables a quicker and 

more accurate determination of irrigation water use. 

• The management oflow-level radioactive waste disposal was improved by the application of geohydrologic principles. 

• River-quality assessments were completed for five basins, and the technology was made available 

for use at the local levels. 

• Hydrologic events associated with the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption were documented in 

U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850. 

• Flood hazard maps and flood-potential studies were prepared to assist in flood-plain management. 

Technical-Assistance Programs 

• A centralized laboratory system was established to improve the Division's ability to analyze the 

physical, chemical, and biological properties of water. 

• Real-time collection of water data using satellites has increased from 40 to 350 sites. 
68 I SUMMARY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS 

• The Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility was established in 1980 to provide effective and efficient planning and management of the supply, repair, and performance of hydrologic instruments. Application of new technology has led to development of improved sensors for 

measuring of water quality. 

Dissemination of data and information 

• In 1982, information was made available through 1,151 reports. 

• Installation was begun on a network of minicomputers at Water Resources Division field offices 

to increase the timeliness of the hydrologic data and to improve the information provided to 

users of water data. 

Users of the information released by the Geological Survey's Water resources Division include: 

• Legislative bodies and associated committees. 

• Courts. 

• Other Federal agencies. 

• State, regional, and local agencies. 

• Water-management, irrigation, drainage, and conservation districts. 

• Public-interest groups, universities, and consultants. 

• Industry and the public. 

The accomplishments listed throughout this report and highlighted above reflect the trends 

in water-resources issues and needs at the beginning of the 1980's. The remainder of this decade 

will bring new programs, new techniques, and new data. 
SELECTED REFERENCES I 69 

SELECTED REFERENCES 

Appel, C. A., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1976, Status of 

ground-water modeling in the U.S. Geological 

Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 737. 

Biesecker, J. E., and Leifeste, D. K., 1975, Water 

quality of hydrologic bench marks-an indicator 

of water quality in the natural environment: U.S. 

Geological Survey Circular 460-D. 

Bredehoeft, J.D., and others, 1978, Geologic disposal of high-level radioactive wastes-earth-science 

perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 779. 

Chase, E. B., Brigida, M., and Rubin, J. M., eds.; 

1983, Proceedings of the fourth national conference, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, October 18-23, 1981: U.S. 

Geoiogical Survey Open-File Report 83-126. 

Cherry, R.N., and others, 1980, Summary of the 

river-quality assessment ofthe Upper Chattachoochee River basin, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 811. 

Clarke, P. F., and others, 1982, A guide to obtaining 

information from the USGS: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 777. 

Cobb, E. D., and Biesecker, J. E., 1975, The national 

hydrologic bench-mark network: U.S. Geological 

Survey Circular 460-D. 

Condes de la Torre, Alberto, 1982, Support by the 

U.S. Geological Survey for adjudications, compacts, and treaties: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 82-680. 

--1983, Funding history of the U.S. Geological 

Survey Federal data collection and analysis program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

83-47. 

Davidson, E. S., and Laney, R. L., 1982, Groundwater contamination and the role of the U.S. 

Geological Survey in its assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-1018. 

Edwards, M.D., 1982, Deimitions of components of 

the Water Data Sources Directory maintained by 

the National Water Data Exchange: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-923. 

Feth, J. H., 1973, Water facts and figures for planners 

and managers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 

601-1. 

Ficke, J. F., and Hawkinson, R. 0., 1975, The National Stream Quality Accounting Network 

(NASQAN)-some questions and answers: U.S. 

Geological Survey Circular 719. 

Foxworthy, B. L., and Hill, Mary, 1982, Volcanic 

eruptions of 1980 at Mount St. Helens-the first 

100 days: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 1249. 

Gilbert, B. K., and Buchanan, T. J., 1981, The U.S. 

Geological Survey Federal-State cooperative water 

resources program: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 81-691. 

--1982, Water-data program of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 863. 

Hackett, 0. M., 1966, Ground-water research in the 

United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 527. 

Harkins, J. R., and others, 1981, Hydrology of 

area 22, Eastern Coal Province, Alabama: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Open-File Report 81-135. 

Hays,W. W., editor, 1981, Facinggeologicandhydrologic hazards-earth-science considerations: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1240-B. 

Hirsch, R. M., Scott, A. G., and Wyant, Timothy, 

1982, Investigations of trends in flooding in the 

Tug Fork basin of Kentucky, Virginia, and West 

Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 2203. 

Hirsch, R. M., Slack, J. R., and Smith, R. A., 1982, 

Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water 

quality data: Water Resources Research, v. 18, 

no. 1, p. 107-121. 

Jennings, M. E., and Yotsukura, Nobuhiro, 1979, 

Status of surface-water modeling in the U.S. 

Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 809. 

Josefson, B.M., and Blackwell, C.D., 1983, Directory of Assistance Centers for the National Water 

Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-262. 

Konikow, L. F., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1978, Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport 

and dispersion in ground water: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation, Book 7, Chapter C2. 

Lewis, B. D., and Goldstein, F. J., 1982, Evaluation 

of a predictive ground-water solute-transport 

model at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 82-25. 

McGuinness, C. L., 1964, Ground-water research of 

the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 492. 

Mann, W. B., IV, Moore, J.E., and Chase, E. B., 

1982, A national water-use information program: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-862. 

Mann, W. B., IV, Solley, W. B., and Chase, E. B., 

1983, Summary of water withdrawals in the 

United States, 1950-80: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 83-207. 

Mercer, M. W., and Morgan, C. 0., 1982, Storage and 

retrieval of ground-water data at the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 856. 

Monis, J.P., and Foxhoven, L.A., compilers, 1981, 

Water Resources Division Training Bulletin, 

October 1981 through September 1982: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1017. 

Perry, R. A., and Williams, 0. 0., 1982, Definitions 

of components of the Master Water Data Index 

maintained by the National Water Data Exchange: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-3 27. 
70 I SELECTED REFERENCES 

Peters, N. E., and Bonelli, J. E. 1982, Chemical composition of bulk precipitation in the central and 

northeastern United States, December 1980 

through February 1981: U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 874. 

Peters, N. E., Schroder, R. A., and Troutman, D. E., 

1982, Temporal trends in the acidity of precipitation and surface waters of New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2188. 

Rasmussen, L.A., and Meier, M. F., 1982, Continuity equation model of the predicted drastic 

retreat of Columbia Glacier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258-A. 

Rickert, D. A., and others, 1976, Methodology for 

river quality assessment with application to the 

Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological 

Survey Circular 715-M. (A series entitled "Assessment of the Willamette River basin, Oregon," 

chapters A-M.) 

--1979, Synthetic fuels development-earthscience considerations: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 1240-A. 

Showen, C. R., compiler, 1978, Collection, storage, 

retrieval, and publications of water-resources 

data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 756. 

Sikonia, W. G., 1982, Finite element glacier dynamic 

model applied to Columbia Glacier, Alaska: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258-B. 

Slagle, S. E., and others, 1982, Hydrology ofarea49, 

Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal 

provinces, Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations OpenFile Report 82-0682. 

Smith, R. A., and Alexander, R. B., 1982, A study 

of trends in dissolved oxygen and fecal coliform 

bacteria at NASQAN stations: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 82-1019. 

Smith, R. A., Hirsch, R. M., and Slack, J. R., 1982, 

A study nf trends in total phosphorous measurements at NASQAN stations: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2190. 

Smith, R. A., and others, 1982, The oilspill risk 

analysis model of the U.S. Geological Survey: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 122 7. 

Solley, W. B., Chase, E. B, and Mann, W. B., IV, 

1983, Estimated use of water in the United 

States in 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1001. 

Trescott, P. C., Pinder, G. F., and Larsen, S. P., 

1976, Finite-difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical 

experiments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques 

of Water-Resources Investigations, book 7, 

chapter Cl. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1974-82, Summary appraisals 

of the Nation's ground-water resources-21 separate chapters: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813-A-U. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1981a, National handbook 

of recommended methods for water-data acquisition: U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water 

Data Coordination. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, NAWDEX: A key to 

finding water data: U.S. Geological Survey 

leaflet. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1981b, WATSTORE: A 

water data storage and retrieval system: U.S. Geological Survey leaflet. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1981c, Hydrologic effects of 

the eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, 

1980: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850, Chapters A-K. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1982a, Water Resources 

Division information guide: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1982b, U.S. Geological Survey research, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 127 5. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1982c, U.S. Geological Survey activities, fiscal year 1981: U.S. Geological 

Survey Circular 875. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, U.S. Geological Survey 

activities, fiscal year 1982: U.S. Geological Survey 

Yearbook. 

U.S. Water Resources Council, 1978, The Nation's 

water resources, 1975-2000, Volumes 1-4: 

U.S. Government Printing Office. 

U.S. Water Resources Council, 1980, Essentials of 

ground-water hydrology pertinent to water 

resources planning: U.S. Water Resources Council, 

Hydrology Subcommittee Bulletin 16 (revised). 
HEADQUARTERS PERSONNEL I 71 

HEADQUARTERS PERSONNEL 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

(Mail Stop Number) National Center 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston, Virginia 22092 

Telephone: (703) 860-extension 

FTS 928-extension 

Position Official 

Chief Hydrologist .............................. Philip Cohen 

Associ~te Chief Hydrologist ........................ Russell H. Langford 

Program Officer ............................. Francis B. Sessums 

Office of International Hydrology, Chief ............. Della Laura 

Office of Water Data Coordination, Chief ............. Porter E. Ward 

National Water-Resources Conditions Program, Chief ..... David W. Moody 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Operations .............. Thomas J. Buchanan 

Deputy Assistant Chief for Operations ............... Bruce K. Gilbert 

Finance and Fiscal Analysis Section, Chief ............ Clara L. Chambliss 

Operation Section, Chief ........................ Alberto Condes 

Manpower Section, Chief ....................... Jerry C. Stephens 

Planning Section, Chief ......................... George E. Williams 

Instrumentation Group, Chief .................... Richard W. Paulson 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research and 

Technical Coordination ...................... Gordon D. Bennett 

Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Research 

and Technical Coordination .................... Roger G. Wolff 

Ground Water Branch, Chief ..................... Eugene P. Patten, Jr. 

Quality of Water Branch, Chief ................... R. J. Pickering 

Surface Water Branch, Chief ..................... Marshall E. Moss 

Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology, Chief .......... John B. Robertson 

Coal and Oil-Shale Hydrology, Coordinator ........... Solomon M. Lang 

Systems Analysis Group, Chief .................... Robert M. Hirsch 

Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Scientific Publications 

and Data Management ....................... James E. Biesecker 

Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Scientific 

Publications and Data Management ............... John E. Moore 

Office of Scientific Information, Chief .............. John E. Moore 

National Water-Use Information Program, Manager ...... William B. Mann IV 

Scientific Publications Program, Chief ............... Eugene R. Hampton 

Office of Computer Technology, Chief .............. J. Ronald Jones 

National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System, Chief .. Charles R. Showen 

Branch of Water Information Transfer, Manager ........ Gary D. Cobb 

National Water Data Exchange, Manager ............. Melvin D. Edwards 

Water Resources Scientific Information Center, Manager ... Raymond A. Jensen 

Environmental Affairs Program, Chief (Acting) ......... Richard A. Watkins 

Information Transfer Program, Manager .............. Kenneth H. Suter 

Telephone Mail 

extension Stop 

6921 409 

6921 408 

6992 406A 

6547 470 

6931 417 

6925 409 ... 6801 441 

6801 441 

6813 443 

6861 405 

6944 406 

6941 404 

6014 460 

6971 414 

6971 413 

6904 411 

6834 412 

6837 415 

6976 410 

6846 407 

6927 410 

6878 440 

6878 440 

6878 440 

6878 440 

6881 439 

6877 440 

6871 437 

6031 421 

6031 421 

7455 423 

7455 423 

6867 421 
72 I DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES 

DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES 

Northeastern Region 

Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode lsalnd, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, D. C., West Virginia, 

Wisconsin 

OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL HYDROLOGIST 

Address: 

Regional Hydrologist 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Natic..nal Center, Mail Stop 433 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston, VA 22092 

Telephone: (703) 860-6985; FTS 928-6985 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

DISTRICT OFFICES 

CONNECTICUT See also Massachusetts 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in<harge 

Connecticut Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Abraham A. Ribicoff Federal Bldg., Rm. 525 

450 Main St. 

Hartford, CT 06103 

Telephone: (203) 722-2528; FTS 244-2528 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

DELAWARE See also Maryland 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

Delaware Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm. 1201 

300 S. New Street 

Dover, DE 19901 

Telephone: (302) 734-2506; FTS 487-9128 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

DJfiTRICT OF COLUMBIA See Maryland 

I' .. LINOIS 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Champaign County Bank Plaza 

102 E. Main St., 4th floor 

Urbana, ll 61801 

Telephone: (217) 398-5353; FTS 958-5353 

Office hours: 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Central Time 

INDIANA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

6023 Guion Road, Suite 201 

Indianapolis, IN 46254 

INDIANA-Continued 

Telephone: (317) 927-8640; FTS 336-8640 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

MAINE See also Massachusetts 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

Maine Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

26 Ganneston Drive 

Augusta, ME 04330 

Telephone: (207) 622-8208; FTS 833-6208 

Officehours: 7:45a.m.to4:15p.m. EasternTime 

MARYLAND 

Address: 

Mid-Atlantic District (Delaware, Maryland, 

Virginia, Washington, D. C.,) 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

208 Carroll Bldg. 

8600 La Salle Road 

Towson, MD 21204 

Telephone: (301) 828-1535; FTS 922-7872 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

MASSACHUSETTS New England District (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode 

Island, and Vermont) 

Address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

150 Causeway Street, Suite 1309 

Boston, MA 02114 

Telephone: (617) 223-2822; FTS 223-2822 

Office hours: 8:30a.m. to 5:00p.m. Eastern Time 

MICHIGAN 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5 

lansing, Ml 48910 
MICHIGAN-Continued 

Telephone: (517) 377-1608; FTS 374-1608 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

MINNESOTA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Post Office Bldg., Rm. 702 

St. Paul, MN 55101 

Telephone: (612) 725-7841; FTS 725-7841 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

NEW HAMPSHIRE See afso Massachusetts 

Mailing address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

New Hampshire Office, WRD 

, U.S. Geological Survey 

525 Clinton St., RFD 2 

Bow, N H 03301 

Office address: 

525 Clinton St., NH RT 13 

Bow, NH 03301 

Telephone: (603) 225-4681; FTS 834-4611 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

NEW JERSEY 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Room 430, Federal Building 

402 East State Street 

Trenton, NJ 08608 

Telephone: (609) 989-2162; FTS 483-2162 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15 p.m. Eastern Time 

NEW YORK 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 1350 

Albany, NY 12201 

Office address: 

U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Rm. 343 

Albany, NY 12201 

Telephone: (518) 472-3107; FTS 562-3107 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time 

OHIO 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

975 West Third Avenue 

Columbus, OH 43212 

Telephone: (614) 469-5553; FTS 943-5553 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES I 73 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 1107 

Harrisburg, PA 17108 

Office address: 

Federal Bldg., 4th Floor 

228 Walnut Street 

Harrisburg, PA 17108 

Telephone: (717) 782-4514; FTS 590-4514 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

RHODE ISLAND See also Massachusetts 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

Rhode Island Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

John 0. Pastore Federal Bldg. & U.S. Post Office, 

Rm. 224 

Providence, R I 02903 

Telephone: (401 l 528-4655; FTS 838-4655 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

VERMONT See Massachusetts 

VIRGINIA See also Maryland 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

Virginia Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

200 West Grace Street, Rm. 304 

Richmond, VA 23220 

Telephone: (804) 771-2427; FTS 925-2427 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:45p.m. Eastern Time 

WEST VIRGINIA 

Address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg. and U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 3416 

500 Quarrier Street, East 

Charleston, WV 25301 

Telephone: (304) 347-5130; FTS 930-5132 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

WISCONSIN 

Address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1815 University Avenue 

Madison, WI 53705 

Telephone: (608) 262-2488; FTS 262-2488 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 
7 4 I DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES 

Southeastern Region 

Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolma, 

Tennessee, Virgin Islands 

OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL HYDROLOGIST 

Address: 

Regional Hydrologist 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Richard B. Russell Federal Bldg. 

75 Spring Street, SW, Rm. 772 

Atlanta, GA 30303 

Telephone: (404) 221-5174; FTS 242-5174 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

DISTRICT OFFICES 

ALABAMA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

520 19th Avenue 

Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 

Telephone: (205) 752-8104; FTS 229-2957 

Office hours: 7:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m. Central Time 

ARKANSAS 

Address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Office Bldg., Rm. 2301 

700 West Capitol Avenue 

Little Rock, AR 72201 

Telephone: (501) 378-6391; FTS 740-6391 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:00p.m. Central Time 

FLORIDA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Hobbs Federal Building, Suite 3015 

Tallahassee, F L 32301 

Telephone: (904) 681-7620; FTS 965-7620 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

GEORGIA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

6481 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite B 

Doraville, GA 30360 

Telephone: (404) 2214858; FTS 2424858 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

KENTUCKY 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm. 572 

600 Federal Place 

Louisville, KY 40202 

Telephone: (502) 582-5241; FTS 352-5241 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:45p.m. Eastern Time 

LOUISIANA 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 66492 

Baton Rouge, LA 70896 

Office address: 

6554 Florida Boulevard 

Baton Rouge, LA 70896 

Telephone: {504) 389.0281; FTS 687.0281 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

MISSISSIPPI 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Office Bldg., Suite 710 

100 West Capitol Street 

Jackson, MS 39269 

Telephone: (601) 9604600; FTS 4904600 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

NORTH CAROLINA 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 2857 

Raleigh, NC 27602 

Office address: 

300 Fayetteville Street Mall, 

Century Postal Station, Rm.436 

Raleigh, NC 27602 

Telephone: (919) 7554510; FTS 6724510 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:45p.m. Eastern Time 

PUERTO RICO Caribbean District {Puerto Rico and U.S. 

Virgin Islands) 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

GPO Box 4424 

San Juan, PR 00936 

Office address: 

GSA Center, Building 652 

Highway 28, Pueblo Viejo 

San Juan, PR 00936 

Telephone: (809) 7834660; FTS {809) 753-4414 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Atlantic Time 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Suite 658 

1835 Assembly Street 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Telephone: (803) 765-5966; FTS 677-5966 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Eastern Time 

TENNESSEE 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., and U.S. Court House, 

Rm. A413 

Nashville, TN 37203 

Telephone: (615) 251-5424; FTS 852-5424 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

VIRGIN ISLANDS See Puerto Rico 
DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES I 75 

Central Region 

Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, 

Texas, Utah, Wyoming 

OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL HYDROLOGIST 

COLORADO 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mail Stop 415, Box 25046 

Denver Federal Center 

Lakewood, CO 80225 

Office address: 

Denver Federal Center, Bldg. 53 

Lakewood, CO 80225 

Mailing address: 

Regional Hydrologist 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mail Stop 406, Box 25046 

Denver Federal Center 

lakewood, CO 80225 

Office address: 

Denver Federal Center, Bldg. 25 

Lakewood, CO 80225 

Telephone: (303) 234-3661; FTS 234-3661 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 

DISTRICT OFFICES 

MISSOURI 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1400 Independence Road, Mail Stop 200 

Rolla, MO 65401 

Telephone: (314) 341-0824; FTS 277-0824 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:00p.m. Central Time 

MONTANA 

Telephone: (303) 234-5092; FTS 234-5092 Address: 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 

IOWA 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 1230 

Iowa City, lA 52244 

Office address: 

Federal Bldg., Rm. 269 

400 South Clinton Street 

Iowa City, lA 52244 

Telephone: (319) 3374191; FTS 863-6521 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:15p.m. Central Time 

KANSAS 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1950 Avenue "A"-Campus West 

University of Kansas 

Lawrence, KS 66044 

Telephone: (913) 8644321; FTS 752-2300 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg, Rm. 428 

301 South Park Avenue 

Drawer 1 0076 

Helena, MT 59626 

Telephone: (406) 449-5302; FTS 585-5302 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 

NEBRASKA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg. and U.S. Court House, Rm. 406 

100 Centennial Mall North 

Lincoln, NE 68508 

Telephone: (402) 471-5082; FTS 541-5082 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

NEW MEXICO 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Western Bank Bldg., Rm. 720 
76 I DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES 

Central Region- Continued 

NEW MEXICO-Continued 

505 Marquette, NW 

Albuquerque, NM 87102 

Telephone: (505) 766-2246; FTS 474-2246 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:45p.m. Mountain Time 

NORTH DAKOTA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

821 East Interstate Avenue 

Bismarck, NO 58501 

Telephone: (701) 2554011, ext. 601; FTS 7834601 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 5:00p.m. Central Time 

OKLAHOMA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

215 Dean A. McGee Avenue, Rm. 621 

Oklahoma City, OK 73102 

Telephone: (405) 2314256; FTS 7364256 

Office hours: 8:00 a.m. to 4:45 p.m. Central Time 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm.317 

200 4th Street, SW 

Huron, SO 57350 

Telephone: (605) 352-8651, ext. 258; FTS 782-2258 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 5:00p.m. Central Time 

TEXAS 

Address: 

District Chief, WR D 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm. 649 

300 East 8th Street 

Austin, TX 78701 

Telephone: (512) 482-5766; FTS 770-5766 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

UTAH 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Administration Bldg., Rm. 1016 

1 745 West 1 700 South 

Salt Lake City, UT 84104 

Telephone: (801) 524-5663; FTS 588-5663 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 

WYOMING 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 1125 

Cheyenne, WY 82003 

Office address: 

J.C. O'Mahoney Federal Center, Rm. 4007 

2120 Capitol Avenue 

Cheyenne, WY 82003 

Telephone: (307) 772-2153, FTS 328-2153 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 
DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES I 77 

Western Region 

Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington 

OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL HYDROLOGIST 

Address: 

Regional Hydrologist 

U.S. Geological Survey 

345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop 66 

Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Telephone: (4.15) 323-8111, ext. 2337; FTS 467-2337 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Pacific Time 

DISTRICT OFFICES 

ALASKA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1515 East 13th Avenue 

Anchorage, AK 99501 

Telephone: (907) 2714138; FTS (907) 271-4138 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Alaska-Hawaii Time 

ARIZONA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., 301 West Congress Street, FB44 

Tucson, AZ 85701 

Telephone: (602) 629-6671; FTS 762-6671 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:00p.m. Mountain Time 

CALIFORNIA 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm. W-2235, 2800 Cottage Way 

Sacramento, CA 95825 

Telephone: (916) 4844606; FTS 4684606 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:00p.m. Pacific Time 

GUAM See also Hawaii 

Mailing address: 

Hydrologist-! n -Charge 

Subdistrict Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 188 

FPO San Franscisco, CA 96630 

Office address: 

U.S. Navy Public Works Center, Bldg. 104 

Agana, GU 96910 

Telephone: 339-9123 (commercial operator for overseas 

call) 

Officehours: 7:45a.m.to4:15p.m. KiloTime 

HAWAII Hawaii-Guam District 

Mailing address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

HAWAII-Continued 

P.O. Box 50166 

Honolulu, HI 96850 

Office address: 

300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Rm. 6110 

Honolulu, HI 96850 

Telephone: (808) 546-8331; FTS (808) 546-8331 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Alaska-Hawaii Time 

IDAHO Idaho-Nevada District 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

230 Collins Rd. 

Boise, ID 83702 

Telephone: (208) 334-1750; FTS 554-1750 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Mountain Time 

NEVADA See also Idaho 

Address: 

Hydrologist-in-Charge 

Nevada Office, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Bldg., Rm. 229, 705 North Plaza Street 

Carson, City, NV 89701 

Telephone: (702) 882-1388; FTS 598-6011, 

ask operator for 882-1388 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:45p.m. Pacific Time 

OREGON 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

847 NE 19th Avenue, Suite 300 

Portland, OR 97232 

Telephone: (503) 231-2009; FTS 429:2009 

Office hours: 7:30a.m. to 4:15p.m. Pacific Time 

WASHINGTON 

Address: 

District Chief, WRD 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1201 Pacific Avenue, Suite 600 

Tacoma, WA 98402 

Telephone: (206) 593-6510; FTS 390-6510 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:30p.m. Pacific Time 
78 I DIRECTORY OF FIELD OFFICES 

Regional Research Hydrologists 

OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT CHIEF HYDROLOGIST FOR 

RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL COORDINATION 

DEPUTY ASSISTANT CHIEF HYDROLOGIST FOR 

RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL COORDINATION 

Address: 

U.S. Geological Survey 

413 National Center 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston.VA 22092 

Telephone: (703) 860-6971; FTS 928-6971 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Eastern Time 

OFFICES OF THE REGIONAL RESEARCH HYDROLOGISTS 

NORTHEASTERN REGION 

Address: 

Regional Research Hydrologist, NR 

U.S. Geological Survey 

432 National Center 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston, VA 22092 

Telephone: (703) 860-6958; FTS 928-6958 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15 p.m. Eastern Time 

SOUTHEASTERN REGION 

Address: 

Regional Research Hydrologist, SR 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center 

Building 1100, Room 312 

NSTL Station, MS 39529 

Telephone: (601) 688-3130; FTS494-1512 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Central Time 

tCrU.S. GOVERflf1ENT PRINTING OFFICE:l983-381-614/567 

CENTRAL REGION 

Address: 

Regional Research Hydrologist, CR 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mail Stop 412, Box 25046 

Denver Federal Center, Bldg. 25 

Lakewood,CO 80225 

Telephone: (303) 2344175;FTS2344175 

Office hours: 8:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Mountain Time 

WESTERN REGION 

Address: 

Regional Research Hydrologist, WR 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mail Stop 66 

345 Middlefield Road 

Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Telephone: (415) 323-8111, ext. 2339; FTS 467-2339 

Office hours: 7:45a.m. to 4:15p.m. Pacific Time