DHS METHODOLOGICAL 

REPORTS 8

Results of the Pilot Survey of 

an Experimental Module of 

Sexual Activity Questions

JULY 2014

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by 

Joy D. Fishel and Yodit Bekele of ICF International.

DHS Methodological Reports No. 8 

Results of the Pilot Survey of an Experimental Module 

of Sexual Activity Questions 

Joy D. Fishel 

Yodit Bekele 

ICF International 

Rockville, Maryland USA 

July 2014 

Corresponding author: Joy D. Fishel, International Health and Development, ICF International, 530 

Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850; Phone: 301-407-6500; Fax: 301-407-6501; Email: 

joy.fishel@icfi.com 
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the work of Bernard Barrère, Sunita Kishor, 

and Kia Reinis in developing the instruments that were field tested in the 2013 Haiti Sexual Activity Pilot 

Survey. We would also like to acknowledge Bernard Barrère, for providing overall guidance on the 

survey and for reviewing the draft report, and Michelle Busangu, for assisting with coordination and 

implementation of the survey and leading interviewer training. We acknowledge the staff of the Institute 

Haïtien de l’Enfance and ICF consultant Elisabeth Metellus for their work in implementing the survey. 

Finally, we thank Ruilin Ren for designing the sample, Amadou Sow for providing technical assistance 

on data processing for the survey, and Shawna Kelly for assisting with data analysis. 

Editor: Bryant Robey 

Document Production: Yuan Cheng 

This report was written with support provided by the United States Agency for International Development 

(USAID) through the MEASURE DHS project (#GPO-C-08-00008-00). The views expressed are those of 

the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 

Recommended citation: 

Fishel, Joy D., and Yodit Bekele. 2014. Results of the Pilot Survey of an Experimental Module of Sexual 

Activity Questions. DHS Methodological Reports No. 8. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International. 
iii 

Contents 

Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... v 

Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ vii 

Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... ix 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... xi 

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 

2. Methodology and Comparison of the Samples: 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS ............................ 3 

2.1 2013 HSAPS Questionnaires ........................................................................................................ 3 

2.2 Sample Design .............................................................................................................................. 4 

2.3 Training, Data Collection, and Data Entry .................................................................................. 5 

2.4 Response Rates and Characteristics of the Samples .................................................................... 5 

3. Indicators of Sexual Activity in the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS ....................................... 13 

3.1 Initiation of Sexual Activity ........................................................................................................ 13 

3.2 Recent Sexual Activity and Condom Use .................................................................................... 17 

3.3 Lifetime Number of Sexual Partners ........................................................................................... 21 

3.4 Paid Sex ...................................................................................................................................... 23 

3.5 Types of Partners ........................................................................................................................ 23 

4. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................ 25 

4.1 Discussion of Results .................................................................................................................. 25 

4.2 Discussion of Issues of Feasibility .............................................................................................. 25 

4.3 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 26 

References .................................................................................................................................................. 29 

Appendix A. Additional Tables ............................................................................................................... 31 

Appendix B. Administering the 2013 HSAPS Questionnaire: Interviewers’ Experience .................. 37 

B.1 Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 37 

B.2 Findings from the Focus Group of Male Interviewers ............................................................... 37 

B.3 Findings from the Focus Group of Female Interviewers ........................................................... 39 

B.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 40 

Appendix C. Sample Design ..................................................................................................................... 41 

C.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 41 
iv 

C.2 Sampling Frame ......................................................................................................................... 41 

C.3 Sampling Procedures and Sample Allocation ............................................................................ 43 

C.4 Sampling Weight ......................................................................................................................... 44 

Appendix D. Estimates of Sampling Errors ........................................................................................... 49 

Appendix E. Data Quality Tables ............................................................................................................ 55 

Appendix F. Personnel Involved in the 2013 Haiti Sexual Activity Pilot Survey ................................ 59 

Appendix G. Questionnaires ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

G.1 2012 HDHS Woman’s Questionnaire ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

G.2 2012 HDHS Man’s Questionnaire ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

G.3 2013 HSAPS Woman’s Questionnaire .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

G.4 2013 HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
v 

Tables 

Table 2.1. Results of the household and individual interviews ................................................................ 6 

Table 2.2. Household population by age and sex ..................................................................................... 7 

Table 2.3.1. Comparison of the samples of the 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS: women ............................ 8 

Table 2.3.2. Comparison of the samples of the 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS: men ................................. 9 

Table 3.1.1. Age at first sexual intercourse: women .................................................................................. 13 

Table 3.1.2. Age at first sexual intercourse: men ...................................................................................... 14 

Table 3.2. Multiple sexual partners ........................................................................................................ 18 

Table 3.3. Number of sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey ....................................... 20 

Table 3.4. Lifetime number of sexual partners ....................................................................................... 22 

Table 3.5. Type of sexual partners .......................................................................................................... 24 

Table A.1.1. Current marital status: women ............................................................................................... 31 

Table A.1.2. Current marital status: men .................................................................................................... 32 

Table A.2.1. Age at first marriage: women ................................................................................................ 33 

Table A.2.2. Age at first marriage: men ..................................................................................................... 34 

Table A.3. Number of men’s wives ......................................................................................................... 35 

Table A.4. Current fertility ...................................................................................................................... 35 

Table A.5. Age at first sexual intercourse among young people ............................................................. 35

Table A.6. Premarital sexual intercourse and condom use during premarital sexual intercourse 

among young people .............................................................................................................. 36 

Table A.7. Recent sexual activity ............................................................................................................ 36 

Table A.8. Payment for sexual intercourse and condom use at last paid sexual intercourse ................... 36 

Table C.1. Number of SDEs and average number of households per SDE by residence, according 

to department ......................................................................................................................... 42 

Table C.2. Percentage of population and households by residence, according to department ................ 42 

Table C.3. Distribution of the population and households in camps, by commune ................................ 43 

Table C.4. Sample allocation of clusters and households by residence, according to department, 

2013 HSAPS .......................................................................................................................... 44 

Table C.5. Expected number of interviews of women and men age 15-49 by residence, according 

to department, 2013 HSAPS .................................................................................................. 44

Table C.6. Sample implementation: women ........................................................................................... 46 

Table C.7. Sample implementation: men ................................................................................................ 47 
vi 

Table D.1. Selected variables for sampling errors, 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS ................................ 51 

Table D.2. Sampling errors for the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS: women..................................... 52 

Table D.3. Sampling errors for the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS: men ......................................... 53 

Table E.1. Household age distribution .................................................................................................... 55 

Table E.2.1. Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women ............................................................. 57 

Table E.2.2. Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men .................................................................. 57 

Table E.3. Completeness of reporting ..................................................................................................... 58 
vii 

Figures 

Figure 2.1.1. Current marital status: women ............................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.1.2. Current marital status: men .................................................................................................... 11

Figure 3.1. Age at first sex among young people ..................................................................................... 15

Figure 3.2. Premarital sex among young people ...................................................................................... 16

Figure 3.3. Recent sexual activity ............................................................................................................ 17

Figure 3.4. Multiple sexual partners in the past 12 months ..................................................................... 18

Figure 3.5. Condom use at last intercourse, among those with multiple sexual partners in the past 

12 months............................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 3.6. Number of sexual partners in the past 12 months .................................................................. 20

Figure 3.7. Mean number of lifetime sexual partners .............................................................................. 21

Figure 3.8. Number of lifetime sexual partners ....................................................................................... 22

Figure 3.9. Payment for sexual intercourse: men ..................................................................................... 23

ix 

Preface 

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program is one of the principal sources of international data 

on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, nutrition, mortality, and HIV/AIDS. The 

relationship between these indicators and economic status is of utmost importance to researchers and 

policymakers worldwide. 

One of the objectives of The DHS Program is to advance the methodology and procedures used to carry 

out national-level surveys as well as to offer additional tools for analysis. This will improve the accuracy 

and depth of information relied on by policymakers and program managers in developing countries. 

The topics in the DHS Methodological Reports series are selected by The DHS Program staff in 

consultation with the U.S. Agency for International Development. While data quality is a main topic of 

the reports, they also examine issues of sampling, questionnaire comparability, survey procedures, and 

methodological approaches. 

It is hoped that the DHS Methodological Reports series will be useful to researchers, policymakers, and 

survey specialists, particularly those engaged in work in developing countries. 

Sunita Kishor 

Director, The DHS Program 

xi 

Executive Summary 

In May and June 2013, the MEASURE DHS Project fielded a pilot survey to test a new module of 

questions on sexual activity. Based on the idea that there may be some underreporting of sexual activity in 

DHS surveys, the purpose of the pilot survey was to investigate whether a revision of the standard set of 

questions on sexual activity would result in improved measurement of key sexual activity indicators. The 

pilot survey, which was conducted in Haiti, included a reorganized module on marriage and sexual 

activity (Section 6 of the standard Woman’s Questionnaire and Section 4 of the standard Man’s 

Questionnaire). The module included questions similar to those used in the standard DHS questionnaires, 

but was organized by type of sexual partner, based on the respondent’s marital status. In addition, the 

Man’s Questionnaire included a section about sex with commercial sex workers. 

The pilot survey, referred to as the 2013 Haiti Sexual Activity Pilot Survey (HSAPS), included 1,793 

households in the Aire Métropolitaine and Ouest departments, and interviewed 2,033 women and 1,696 

men age 15-49. Results of the HSAPS were compared with the data from the 2012 Haiti DHS (HDHS) 

for the same departments to determine if the measures of sexual activity obtained with the pilot survey 

questionnaires differed from those obtained in the 2012 HDHS, which fielded questionnaires 

incorporating the standard sections on marriage and sexual activity. 

The 2013 HSAPS did not find a meaningful or statistically significant difference in the percentage of 

respondents reporting multiple sexual partners in the previous 12 months, compared with the 2012 

HDHS. The percentage of women reporting two or more sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the 

survey was 3 percent in both surveys. In the 2012 HDHS, 29 percent of men reported two or more sexual 

partners in the 12 months preceding the survey, compared with 28 percent in the 2013 HSAPS. In 

addition, the percentage of men reporting paying for sex in the 12 months preceding the survey was 7 

percent in both surveys. However, it appears that the design of 2013 HSAPS questionnaires may have 

captured more sexual activity among young women than the 2012 HDHS did. 

The 2012 HDHS Woman’s Questionnaire and Man’s Questionnaire collect the standard information on 

relationship to partner, condom use, and dates of first and most recent sex, for up to three sexual partners 

in the previous 12 months. The 2013 HSAPS questionnaires for women and men collect this same 

information, but the design of the Man’s Questionnaire collects this information for a potentially greater 

number of the respondent’s sexual partners in the past 12 months—all of the respondent’s wives, up to 

three commercial sex workers, and up to three other partners. The 2013 HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire also 

includes a question on the total number of different paid sex partners in the previous 12 months. As a 

consequence, the distribution of partners by type differs between the two surveys. In the 2013 HSAPS, 8 

percent of men’s sexual partners in the past 12 months were reported to be commercial sex workers, 

compared with 2 percent in the 2012 HDHS. 

According to these findings, the new sequence of questions on sexual activity piloted in the 2013 HSAPS 

does not appear to have substantially improved the quality of reporting on sexual behavior. The 

advantages and disadvantages of adopting the new module must be carefully considered in making a 

decision about its inclusion in the standard DHS questionnaires. 

On the one hand, the HSAPS questionnaires captured some information not available from the standard 

questionnaires, particularly on paid sex. The field teams expressed favorable views of the re-sequenced 

module on sexual activity; they observed that the module organized by type of sexual partner was easier 

for respondents to follow and improved the flow of the interviews. Most male respondents accepted the 

expanded number of direct questions on paid sex, but a few said that they found these questions offensive. 
xii 

On the other hand, the process of reorganizing the sexual behavior questions by type of partner proved to 

be challenging, because the sequencing of the questions needed to accommodate people of any marital 

status, different numbers of marriages, and various combinations of marital and non-marital sexual 

partners. While the standard DHS questionnaires accommodate these same situational variations, they 

avoid complexity by not being specific as to partner type in the questions. The logic of the new module is 

complex, and ensuring that the system of skips and filters functioned correctly took several rounds of 

corrections. Adapting this new module to respond to any country-specific needs would be extremely 

difficult. In addition, the new module took a bit more time to implement compared with the standard set 

of questions on sexual activity. Any increase in the length of the interview raises concerns in surveys such 

as the DHS, which are already very large. 

In light of the fact that the revised module on sexual behavior does not appear to capture better reporting 

on the number of recent sexual partners, the DHS Program recommends against adopting the pilot module 

in the standard questionnaires. The program will continue to explore the feasibility of other approaches to 

questionnaire design that include more direct questions about paid sex partners in the standard Man’s 

Questionnaire that would not entail a complete reorganization of the section on sexual activity. 
1 

1. Introduction 

Information on sexual activity is essential for planning and evaluating a range of health programs, 

including family planning and HIV prevention, and is useful for understanding fertility trends. However, 

collecting accurate data on sexual activity is challenging. Concerns over the validity of data on sexual 

activity collected through survey research, including the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), AIDS 

Indicator surveys (AIS), Behavioral Surveillance Surveys (BSS), and similar types of studies are well 

documented (Blanc and Rutenberg, 1990; Dare and Cleland, 1994; Cleland et al., 2004). Social 

desirability bias may result in under-reporting of more stigmatized sexual behavior, including paid sex, 

sex before marriage, and sex with extra-marital partners (Schopper et al., 1993). Differences in reporting 

of sexual activity by women and men, as well as the notable proportion of couples with discordant HIV 

status in which the woman is HIV-positive and the man is HIV-negative, have led some researchers to 

suggest that, overall, women substantially under-report sexual activity (Buve et al., 2001; Curtis and 

Sutherland, 2004; de Walque, 2007). 

In light of these concerns, the DHS Program undertook an effort to develop and test an alternative 

strategy for collecting data on sexual activity with the goal of improving the quality of reporting. Various 

methods have been tested to improve the validity of reporting of sexual activity, including audio 

computer-assisted interviewing, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, self-completed 

questionnaires, informal confidential voting interviews, and sexual activity diaries (Gregson et al., 2004; 

Konings et al., 1995; Mensch et al., 2003; Plummer et al., 2004). Some applications of these methods 

have found higher levels of reporting of certain sexual behaviors when compared with structured, face-toface interviews, but none of these methods are feasible to implement in the context of a DHS or AIS 

survey. 

The DHS Program’s effort to improve the measurement of sexual activity described in this report entailed 

redesigning the sections of the individual questionnaire focused on marriage and sexual activity in the 

DHS standard questionnaires (Section 6 in the Woman’s Questionnaire and Section 4 in the Man’s 

Questionnaire). Specifically, the questionnaire redesign aimed to improve two main suspected reporting 

issues: under-reporting of commercial sex partners by men and under-reporting of non-marital sexual 

partners by women. The organizing principle for the new set of questions, described in Section 2.1, is to 

ask directly about different types of partners. 

The new questionnaires were developed and reviewed internally and then field-tested in Haiti in MayJune 2013. The choice of Haiti for the field test was primarily one of convenience rather than out of any 

particular concern about the quality of data on sexual activity in that country. A DHS survey completed in 

Haiti within the previous year could be used for comparison. The field test—the 2013 Haiti Sexual 

Activity Pilot Survey (HSAPS)—was conducted to examine the performance of the new set of questions 

on sexual activity and to determine whether it should replace the existing set of questions in the standard 

DHS and AIS individual questionnaires. The primary indicator used for comparison was the percentage of 

male and female respondents reporting multiple sexual partners in the past 12 months. Reporting on other 

indicators, including age at first sex, premarital sex, total number of partners in the past 12 months, and 

number of lifetime partners was also examined. Feasibility of implementation of the new set of sexual 

activity questions was another criterion considered in the decision of whether or not to recommend that 

the DHS Program adopt the new module. 

Chapter 2 of this report presents the methodology of the 2013 HSAPS and describes the characteristics of 

the samples for the 2013 HSAPS and the 2012 Haiti DHS (also known as the Enquête Mortalité, 

Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, or EMMUS). Chapter 3 compares the findings of the two surveys 
2 

on the indicators of sexual activity. Chapter 4 discusses the results of the pilot survey and makes 

recommendations on whether or not the DHS Program should adopt the revised sexual activity questions. 
3 

2. Methodology and Comparison of the Samples: 2012 

HDHS and 2013 HSAPS 

2.1 2013 HSAPS Questionnaires 

The questionnaires used in the 2012 Haiti DHS follow the standard DHS and AIS survey questions on 

sexual activity (see Appendix G). Women and men who report they have ever had sexual intercourse are 

asked how long ago they last had sex. They are then asked a series of questions about their relationship to 

their most recent sexual partner: their partner’s age, condom use, and how often they had sex with this 

partner in the past 12 months. Respondents are then asked whether they had sex with anyone else in the 

past 12 months. Detailed information is recorded for up to three partners in the past 12 months. The 

questionnaire is designed to discuss partners in reverse chronological order, regardless of the relationship 

of each partner to the respondent. Respondents with at least three sex partners in the past 12 months are 

asked an additional question about the total number of sex partners they had in the past 12 months. 

The questionnaires used in the 2013 HSAPS include an experimental set of questions on sexual activity 

(see Appendix G). The experimental questions are included in revised versions of Section 6 of the 

HSAPS Woman’s Questionnaire and Section 3 of the HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire. Rather than asking 

about sex partners in reverse chronological order, the HSAPS questionnaires ask about partners by type, 

based on the respondent’s current marital status. While the structure and order of the questions differ from 

the standard questionnaire, the content and wording of specific questions differ as little as possible. 

In the HSAPS Woman’s Questionnaire, all women are asked how old they were when they first had 

sexual intercourse, and are then asked about their current marital status. Married women are asked the 

standard sequence of questions about their husband and age at first marriage. They are then asked how 

long ago they last had sex with their husband. If they had sex with their husband within the past 12 

months, they are asked about condom use, frequency of sex, and how long ago they first had sex with 

their husband. Next, they are asked whether they had sex with anyone else in the past 12 months, and the 

detailed questions about condom use, frequency, and first sex are asked for up to two additional partners. 

Married women with at least two sex partners other than their husband are asked a question to determine 

their total number of partners in the past 12 months. Formerly married women are asked questions about 

their former husband and are then asked how long ago they last had sex with anyone. If they had sex 

within the past 12 months, they are asked the standard sequence of questions, including their relationship 

to their last sex partner, age of last sex partner, condom use, frequency of sex, and when they first had sex 

with that partner. Next, they are asked whether they had sex with anyone else in the past 12 months, and 

they then proceed through the same sequence of questions as for married women about these other 

partners. Never-married women who ever had sex are asked how long ago they last had sex with anyone. 

If they had sex within the past 12 months, they proceed through a sequence of questions similar to those 

asked of formerly married women about their sexual partners in the past 12 months. In the 2013 HSAPS, 

all women who ever had sex are asked the same question about lifetime number of sexual partners that is 

included in the standard DHS questionnaires. 

In the HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire, all men are asked how old they were when they first had sexual 

intercourse, and are then asked about their current marital status. Currently married and formerly married 

men are asked questions about their wife or former wife similar to the questions in the standard 

questionnaire. All men who have ever had sex are then asked how long ago they last had sex. As in the 

standard questionnaire, men who say that it has been more than 12 months since they last had sex are 

skipped to a direct question about whether they paid anyone in exchange for having sexual intercourse in 

the past 12 months. Married men who had sex with anyone in the past 12 months are asked when they last 
4 

had sex with their wife. If the last sex was within the past 12 months, men are asked the standard 

sequence of questions about condom use, frequency of sex, and how long ago they first had sex with their 

wife. The same questions are asked about each of the man’s wives, if he has more than one. 

Never-married and formerly married men who had sex in the past 12 months skip over the questions 

about wives and are then asked if they had sex with a commercial sex worker in the past 12 months. Men 

who respond “No” are further asked if they paid anyone in exchange for having sexual intercourse. Men 

who answer “Yes” to the question about sex with a commercial sex worker in the past 12 months are 

asked when they last had sex with a sex worker, and asked questions about condom use, how long ago 

they first had sex with that sex worker, frequency of sexual intercourse with that sex worker in the past 12 

months, and whether they had sex with another sex worker in the past 12 months. The same questions are 

asked about the three most recent sex workers in the past 12 months. The total number of sex workers in 

the past 12 months is also recorded. Men are then asked if they had sex with anyone else in the past 12 

months. Detailed information is recorded for up to three other partners, and then the total number of other 

partners in the past 12 months is recorded. In the HSAPS, all men who ever had sex are asked the same 

question about lifetime number of sexual partners as in the standard DHS questionnaires. 

Other than the sections on sexual activity, the questionnaires for the 2013 HSAPS were similar to those 

used in the 2012 HDHS, although the HSAPS excluded numerous questions. The HSAPS Household 

Questionnaire was restricted to the household roster and household characteristics questions used to 

construct the wealth index. The Woman’s Questionnaire included the sections from the HDHS on 

background characteristics, reproduction, family planning, and an abbreviated section on HIV knowledge 

and testing, but excluded the HDHS questionnaire sections on maternal and child health care, vaccination, 

nutrition, fertility preferences, work, other health issues, and domestic violence. Aside from the section on 

sexual activity and an abbreviated section on HIV knowledge and testing, the Man’s Questionnaire for the 

HSAPS was the same as the HDHS questionnaire. The HDHS included measurement of the height and 

weight and anemia testing for children, height and weight measurement and anemia and HIV testing for 

women, and anemia and HIV testing for men, while the HSAPS included no biomarkers. 

2.2 Sample Design 

The sample frame for the 2013 HSAPS and the 2012 HDHS was the 2003 Population and Housing 

Census. The sample for the 2013 HSAPS was not designed to be nationally representative, but rather was 

designed to include representation from urban and rural areas and to include a number of respondents 

sufficient to make meaningful comparisons with the sexual activity indicators measured in the 2012 

HDHS. The primary indicator used for sample size calculation was multiple partners (i.e., two or more) in 

the 12 months preceding the survey. The details of the sample design are described in Appendix C. 

The sample for the 2013 HSAPS followed the standard two-stage selection process used in DHS surveys. 

In the first stage, 55 clusters were selected, including 30 clusters in the Aire Métropolitaine (urban)—

excluding camps for internally displaced persons (IDP) established in response to the 2010 earthquake—

and 25 clusters selected from the rest of the Ouest department (predominantly rural). A detailed 

household listing was completed in each of these clusters, in May 2013. From the household lists, 33 

households were selected in each cluster, for a total sample size of 1,815 households. All women and men 

age 15-49 who were usual residents of the household or who slept in the household the night before the 

survey were eligible for interview. 

Details of the sample design for the 2012 HDHS can be found in the final report for the survey 

(Cayemittes et al., 2013). A subsample of all households in the Aire Métropolitaine (excluding IDP 

camps) and the rest of the Ouest department was used for comparison with the 2013 HSAPS sample. This 

subsample includes 97 clusters and 2,978 households. In the 2012 HDHS, women age 15-49 in all 
5 

households were eligible for interview, while men age 15-59 in two out of three households were eligible 

for interview. For comparison purposes, the subsample used for analysis in this investigation is restricted 

to age 15-49, for both women and men. 

2.3 Training, Data Collection, and Data Entry 

2.3.1 Training 

The 2013 HSAPS, like the 2012 HDHS, was implemented by the Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE). IHE 

recruited 44 trainees: 34 interviewers (11 men and 23 women) who had previously participated in the 

2012 HDHS and were familiar with the DHS questionnaire, and 10 data processors, who attended the 

field staff training in order to become familiar with the structure and logic of the newly designed 

questionnaire. The training for interviewers was conducted from 6-10 May 2013 at the IHE headquarters 

in Port-au-Prince. 

Training, which was conducted mainly in Creole and French, included lectures and discussions on the 

content of the Household, Woman’s, and Man’s Questionnaires, with a focus on the new section on 

sexual activity. Interviewers were also given practical training on how to conduct interviews through inclass practice interview sessions and a one-day field practice. A debriefing session was held after the field 

practice to discuss issues encountered in the field and interviewers were provided with direction. 

2.3.2 Data collection and data entry 

Six teams conducted the data collection for the 2013 HSAPS. However, due to a lack of experienced DHS 

interviewers available for the 2013 HSAPS, the number of interviewers varied across teams. Each team 

was composed of a team leader and interviewers as follows: 

• 4 teams with 5 persons (2 men and 3 women); 

• 1 team with 4 persons (2 men and 2 women); 

• 1 team with 3 persons (1 man and 2 women). 

During data collection, team leaders and interviewers were responsible for data quality control, and team 

leaders were also responsible for fieldwork coordination. Data collection took place from 11 May-17 June 

2013. 

All questionnaires for the 2013 HSAPS were returned to the IHE headquarters in Port-au-Prince for data 

processing, which consisted of office editing, data entry, and editing computer-identified errors. A 

network of 12 computers was installed and tested for the data entry software, and training sessions were 

conducted on initial editing and data entry. Three staff members were allocated for initial editing and 

control, eleven staff members for data entry, and two staff members for data entry supervision. Data entry 

and editing were performed using CSPro software. Data processing began in May 2013 and ended in July 

2013. 

2.4 Response Rates and Characteristics of the Samples 

Table 2.1 shows the response rates for the 2013 HSAPS and the subsample of the 2012 HDHS used for 

this analysis. In the subsample of the 2012 HDHS, a total of 2,978 households were sampled, of which 

2,908 were occupied at the time of the survey and, of these, 2,882 were successfully interviewed, for a 

response rate of 99 percent. In the interviewed households, 3,653 women age 15-49 were identified as 

eligible for the individual interview. Completed interviews were obtained for 3,540 women, yielding a 
6 

response rate of 97 percent. Of the 2,063 men age 15-49 who were eligible for interview, 1,915 were 

successfully interviewed, for a response rate of 93 percent. 

In the 2013 HSAPS, 1,800 of the 1,816 selected households were occupied. Of these, 1,793 were 

successfully interviewed, for a response rate of virtually 100 percent. Among women, 2,033 of the 2,066 

eligible women were interviewed, for a response rate of 98 percent. Among men, 1,696 of the 1,761 

eligible men were interviewed, for a response rate of 96 percent. The response rates for men were slightly 

higher in the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS, especially in urban areas. 

Table 2.1. Results of the household and individual interviews 

Number of households, number of interviews, and response rates, according to residence 

(unweighted) 

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 

Residence Residence 

Result Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 

Household interviews 

Households selected 2,016 962 2,978 1,090 726 1,816 

Households occupied 1,963 945 2,908 1,084 716 1,800 

Households interviewed 1,940 942 2,882 1,079 714 1,793 

 

Household response rate1

 98.8 99.7 99.1 99.5 99.7 99.6 

Interviews with women age 15-49 

Number of eligible women 2,687 966 3,653 1,387 679 2,066 

Number of eligible women interviewed 2,580 960 3,540 1,360 673 2,033 

 

Eligible women response rate2

 96.0 99.4 96.9 98.1 99.1 98.4 

Interviews with men age 15-49 

Number of eligible men 1,516 547 2,063 1,139 622 1,761 

Number of eligible men interviewed 1,376 539 1,915 1,093 603 1,696 

 

Eligible men response rate2

 90.8 98.5 92.8 96.0 96.9 96.3 

1

 Households interviewed/households occupied 

2

 Respondents interviewed/eligible respondents 

Table 2.2 shows the distribution of the household population by age for the two samples. Note that, 

although men were interviewed in only two in every three households in the 2012 HDHS, the household 

distribution in Table 2.2 includes the population of all selected households. Although the sample of the 

2013 HSAPS was designed to be comparable to the 2012 HDHS, there are some notable differences 

between the two. Compared with the 2012 HDHS, the 2013 HSAPS has a lower proportion of men age 

20-24 (9 percent versus 11 percent). The sample of women age 15-49 in the 2013 HSAPS is slightly older 

than in the 2012 HDHS, with a lower proportion of women age 15-24 and a higher proportion age 30-40. 

In the 2013 HSAPS, among both women and men, there is evidence of displacement of household 

members age 45-49 into the 50-54 age group. None of these differences is great enough to prevent 

comparison between the two surveys, but should be kept in mind in interpreting some of the results. 
7 

Table 2.2. Household population by age and sex 

Percent distribution of the de facto household population by five-year age groups, according 

to sex 

Age 

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 

Male Female Total Male Female Total 

<5 12.5 10.5 11.4 13.2 11.7 12.4 

5-9 10.6 9.4 10.0 11.4 9.9 10.6 

10-14 11.9 11.5 11.7 12.7 10.1 11.3 

15-19 10.7 11.8 11.3 10.9 10.8 10.8 

20-24 11.1 11.7 11.4 9.1 10.5 9.8 

25-29 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.0 9.9 9.5 

30-34 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.8 8.7 8.3 

35-39 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.8 6.4 

40-44 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.7 

45-49 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 

50-54 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.2 4.6 4.4 

55-59 2.3 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 

60-64 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.7 2.3 

65-69 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 

70-74 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 

75-79 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.5 

80 + 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 

 

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 

Number 9,653 10,946 20,599 3,506 3,911 7,417 

Tables 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 present characteristics of the interviewed respondents. Overall, the characteristics 

of interviewed women and men in the two surveys are similar. Most observed differences in distributions 

by background characteristics are within sampling error. Patterns of urban-rural residence, religion, and 

educational attainment are similar in both surveys. The age distributions among interviewed respondents 

reflect the differences between the two surveys observed in the household population, as described in the 

discussion of Table 2.1. 

While the distribution of men by marital status is similar between the two surveys, the results show some 

differences among women (Figures 2.1.1 and 2.1.2). The percentage of women who are never-married in 

the 2013 HSAPS (41 percent) is significantly higher than the percentage in the 2012 HDHS (37 percent), 

at p<0.05. The percentage of women currently in union is lower in the HSAPS than in the HDHS, but this 

difference was not statistically significant. Based on the discussions among interviewers during training 

and observation of fieldwork, these differences are believed to be due more to a difference in how the 

interviewers classified marital status across the two surveys than an actual difference between the two 

samples. As will be discussed in Chapter 3, the age at first sexual intercourse is similar for women across 

the two surveys. For more information about the data collected on marriage, see Appendix Tables A.1.1-

A.3. 
8 

Table 2.3.1. Comparison of the samples of the 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS: women

Percent distribution of women age 15-49 by selected background characteristics 

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 

Background characteristic 

Weighted 

percent 

Weighted 

number 

Unweighted 

number 

Weighted 

percent 

Weighted 

number 

Unweighted 

number 

Age 

15-19 21.7 1,250 772 20.1 409 411 

20-24 21.1 1,216 749 19.4 394 389 

25-29 17.5 1,007 611 18.1 368 372 

30-34 13.5 778 479 15.9 322 325 

35-39 10.6 611 377 12.9 262 247 

40-44 8.0 462 293 8.3 168 169 

45-49 7.6 435 259 5.3 109 119 

Religion 

No religion 6.2 357 215 6.6 133 122 

Catholic 35.9 2,067 1,262 30.7 624 648 

Protestant/Methodist/ 

Adventist/Jehovah Witness 57.0 3,282 2,036 62.1 1,262 1,249 

 Voodooist 0.7 38 18 0.5 9 10 

Other/Missing 0.3 15 9 0.2 4 4 

Marital status 

Never married 36.8 2,120 1,345 40.8 829 827 

 Ever had sex 18.7 1,077 692 25.7 521 522 

 Never had sex 18.1 1,044 653 15.2 308 305 

In union 53.8 3,100 1,857 50.6 1,029 1,028 

Formerly married 9.3 538 338 8.6 174 178 

Residence 

Urban 67.4 3,881 2,580 65.6 1,334 1,360 

Rural 32.6 1,878 960 34.4 699 673 

Department 

Aire Métropolitaine 63.9 3,682 2,361 61.4 1,248 1,245 

Reste-Ouest 36.1 2,077 1,179 38.6 785 788 

Education 

No education 10.6 613 370 9.2 187 196 

Primary 28.7 1,654 1,006 28.2 574 579 

Secondary 51.6 2,972 1,822 53.6 1,091 1,067 

More than secondary 9.0 520 342 8.9 182 191 

 

Total 15-49 100.0 5,759 3,540 100.0 2,033 2,033 

Note: Education categories refer to the highest level of education attended, whether or not that level was 

completed. 
9 

Table 2.3.2. Comparison of the samples of the 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS: men

Percent distribution of men age 15-49 by selected background characteristics 

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 

Background characteristic 

Weighted 

percent 

Weighted 

number 

Unweighted 

number 

Weighted 

percent 

Weighted 

number 

Unweighted 

number 

Age 

15-19 21.4 695 413 22.4 381 386 

20-24 20.5 666 394 17.5 296 313 

25-29 17.2 557 331 18.0 305 308 

30-34 13.9 450 255 15.1 256 254 

35-39 10.6 346 203 11.2 190 186 

40-44 8.9 288 173 9.6 163 139 

45-49 7.6 246 146 6.2 106 110 

Religion 

No religion 12.5 407 242 11.0 187 185 

Catholic 37.1 1,206 688 35.9 609 612 

Protestant/Methodist/ 

Adventist/Jehovah Witness 49.0 1,592 959 51.2 869 864 

Voodooist 1.1 37 21 1.0 18 19 

Other/Missing 0.2 7 5 0.8 13 16 

Marital Status 

Never married 52.1 1,694 1,013 53.7 912 935 

 Ever had sex 42.9 1,395 828 43.9 744 761 

 Never had sex 9.2 299 185 9.9 168 174 

In union 43.6 1,416 819 42.9 728 700 

Formerly married 4.3 139 83 3.3 57 61 

Residence 

Urban 68.1 2,214 1,376 62.4 1,059 1093 

Rural 31.9 1,035 539 37.6 637 603 

Department 

Aire Métropolitaine 64.9 2,108 1,264 58.7 996 1,002 

Reste-Ouest 35.1 1,142 651 41.3 700 694 

Education 

No education 6.7 217 122 3.8 65 68 

Primary 26.7 869 501 23.4 397 416 

Secondary 52.8 1,715 1,009 60.2 1,022 999 

More than secondary 13.8 449 283 12.5 212 213 

 

Total 15-49 100.0 3,249 1,915 100.0 1,696 1,696 

Note: Education categories refer to the highest level of education attended, whether or not that level was 

completed. 
10 

Figure 2.1.1. Current marital status: women 

36.8

53.8

9.3

40.8

50.6

8.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Never married Currently in union Formerly married

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

*The percentage of women never married in the 2013 HSAPS is higher than that measured in the 2012 HDHS with statistical significance at p<0.05.

*
11 

Figure 2.1.2. Current marital status: men 

52.1

43.6

4.3

53.7

42.9

3.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Never married Currently in union Formerly married

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Overall, these findings indicate that the samples of the two surveys can be considered comparable, and 

that differences between the two surveys in sexual activity can be attributed primarily to differences in the 

two methods for collecting self-reported information on sexual activity. Some caution should be used in 

interpreting results related to marital status for women, including sexual activity among never-married 

women, as there appears to be a difference in the classification of marital status between the two surveys. 

13 

3. Indicators of Sexual Activity in the 2012 HDHS and the 

2013 HSAPS 

3.1 Initiation of Sexual Activity 

Table 3.1.1, for women, and Table 3.1.2, for men, show results of the 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS on 

age at first sexual intercourse. Overall, both surveys found similar results for age at first sexual 

intercourse. The median age at first sexual intercourse for women age 20-49 is 18.3 years in the 2012 

HDHS, and 18.2 years in the 2013 HSAPS. The median age at first sexual intercourse for men is 16.2 

years in the 2012 HDHS, and 16.4 years in the 2013 HSAPS. Figure 3.1 and Appendix Table A.5 present 

results on age at first sexual intercourse among youth. The percentage of women age 15-24 who had 

sexual intercourse by age 15 is similar in both surveys, at 12 percent; however, the percentage of women 

age 18-24 who had sexual intercourse by age 18 is significantly higher in the 2013 HSAPS, at 57 percent, 

than in the 2012 HDHS, at 49 percent (p<0.05). Although it appears that the percentages of young men 

having sexual intercourse by age 15 and by age 18 are slightly lower in the HSAPS than in the HDHS, the 

differences are not statistically significant. 

Table 3.1.1. Age at first sexual intercourse: women

Percentage of women age 15-49 who had first sexual intercourse by specific exact ages, percentage 

who never had sexual intercourse, and median age at first sexual intercourse, according to current age 

Percentage who had first sexual intercourse 

by exact age: 

Percentage 

who never 

had sexual 

intercourse Number 

Median age 

at first 

sexual 

Current age 15 18 20 22 25 intercourse

2012 HDHS 

15-19 14.2 na na na na 58.5 1,250 a 

20-24 10.3 45.3 70.8 na na 18.0 1,216 18.3 

25-29 10.7 47.1 70.2 81.6 91.4 4.8 1,007 18.2 

30-34 10.8 46.7 66.8 79.4 88.0 3.4 778 18.2 

35-39 11.5 47.5 67.0 78.2 86.3 2.0 611 18.2 

40-44 9.2 40.3 62.0 77.4 87.5 0.2 462 18.9 

45-49 11.8 43.7 63.1 77.3 85.6 0.7 435 18.6 

 

20-49 10.7 45.6 67.8 na na 6.9 4,509 18.3 

25-49 10.8 45.7 66.7 79.3 88.3 2.8 3,293 18.3 

15-24 12.3 na na na na 38.5 2,466 a 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 12.9 na na na na 51.2 409 a 

20-24 11.5 55.1 76.5 na na 16.2 394 17.7 

25-29 13.9 49.3 70.7 86.7 92.4 5.5 368 18.1 

30-34 11.5 47.0 67.2 78.6 86.9 2.7 322 18.3 

35-39 11.2 44.8 62.7 79.9 89.0 1.3 262 18.4 

40-44 5.6 39.8 63.1 80.3 90.0 0.9 168 18.7 

45-49 9.5 32.9 58.4 74.0 85.2 0.8 109 19.3 

(Continued...)
14 

Table 3.1.1. – Continued

Percentage who had first sexual intercourse 

by exact age: 

Percentage 

who never 

had sexual 

intercourse Number 

Median age 

at first 

sexual 

Current age 15 18 20 22 25 intercourse

 

20-49 11.3 47.5 68.5 na na 6.1 1,624 18.2 

25-49 11.2 45.0 65.9 81.1 89.3 2.8 1,229 18.4 

15-24 12.2 na na na na 34.0 804 a 

na = Not applicable due to censoring 

a = Omitted because less than 50 percent of the respondents had sexual intercourse for the first time 

before reaching the beginning of the age group 

Table 3.1.2. Age at first sexual intercourse: men

Percentage of men age 15-49 who had first sexual intercourse by specific exact ages, percentage who 

never had sexual intercourse, and median age at first sexual intercourse, according to current age 

Percentage who had first sexual intercourse 

by exact age: 

Percentage 

who never 

had sexual 

intercourse Number 

Median age 

at first 

sexual 

Current age 15 18 20 22 25 intercourse

2012 HDHS 

15-19 37.8 na na na na 34.4 695 a 

20-24 34.6 80.0 92.8 na na 3.2 666 15.9 

25-29 31.8 74.7 86.6 91.3 93.8 3.3 557 15.9 

30-34 28.0 65.4 80.4 89.0 93.4 0.6 450 16.4 

35-39 23.4 66.1 82.2 89.5 92.0 0.6 346 16.5 

40-44 25.2 60.7 78.1 89.2 93.8 1.1 288 16.7 

45-49 20.0 66.0 83.6 92.6 96.1 0,0 246 16.7 

 

20-49 28.8 70.9 85.3 na na 1.9 2,554 16.2 

25-49 26.8 67.6 82.6 90.3 93.7 1.4 1,888 16.3 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 33.0 na na na na 38.5 381 a 

20-24 34.1 77.5 93.4 na na 4.3 296 15.8 

25-29 33.7 74.1 86.9 92.6 95.7 1.9 305 15.9 

30-34 28.6 71.1 85.6 93.1 94.9 0.5 256 16.5 

35-39 28.9 70.3 84.3 94.9 97.3 0.0 190 16.3 

40-44 17.1 54.6 76.5 85.6 94.4 0.0 163 17.7 

45-49 24.5 51.7 74.2 85.2 89.5 0.0 106 17.8 

 

20-49 29.3 69.5 85.4 na na 1.5 1,315 16.4 

25-49 27.9 67.2 83.1 91.2 94.9 0.7 1,019 16.6 

na = Not applicable due to censoring 

a = Omitted because less than 50 percent of the respondents had sexual intercourse for the first time 

before reaching the beginning of the age group 
15 

Figure 3.1. Age at first sex among young people 

12.3

48.9

36.2

79.9

12.2

56.5

33.5

78.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Women 15-24 who had sex

by age 15

Women 18-24 who had sex

by age 18

Men 15-24 who had sex by

age 15

Men 18-24 who had sex by

age 18

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Women

*

* The percentage of young women who had sex by age 18 in the 2013 HSAPS is higher than that measured in the 2012 HDHS with statistical 

significance at p< 0.05.

Men

Figure 3.2 and Appendix Table A.6 present the results of the two surveys for premarital sex among young 

people. The percentage of never-married women age 15-24 who never had sexual intercourse is 

significantly lower in the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS. Conversely, the percentage of nevermarried women who reported that they have had sexual intercourse is higher in the HSAPS than in the 

HDHS. This finding could indicate that the questionnaire design used in the HSAPS elicited better 

reporting of premarital sex among women. In the HDHS, respondents were asked about their current 

marital status before being asked about sexual activity. Respondents who said that they had never been 

married were next asked, “How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first time?” 

Just having reported to the interviewer that they were unmarried may have influenced some respondents 

to report that they had never had sex, even though they had. In the HSAPS, respondents were asked about 

age at first sex before being asked whether they had ever been married. (The questionnaires for both 

surveys can be found in Appendix G.) However, as mentioned at the end of Section 2.4, the difference in 

classification of marital status between the two surveys dictates that any findings, such as those on 

premarital sex, which involve the marital status variable should be interpreted with caution. 
16 

Figure 3.2. Premarital sex among young people

55.0

33.4

22.0

61.4

45.2 42.8

25.0

58.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Never had sexual intercourse Had sexual intercourse in the past 12

months

Never had sexual intercourse Had sexual intercourse in the past 12

months

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Women age 15-24

* *

* The percentage of women who never had sex and the percentage who had sex in the past 12 months in the 2013 HSAPS are both different from those 

measured in the 2012 HDHS with statistical significance at p<0.01.

Men age 15-24

For example, while the age at first marriage among women age 20-49 was higher in the 2013 HSAPS 

compared with the 2012 HDHS, the age at first sexual intercourse for this age group was the same in both 

surveys. Taking these two pieces of information together, one possible interpretation of the results on 

premarital sexual behavior is that respondents’ reporting of their sexual behavior was no different 

between the two surveys. Rather, sexual activity that was categorized as occurring within union in the 

HDHS was categorized as occurring before union in the HSAPS, based on the interviewer’s classification 

of the respondent’s marital status. Nonetheless, the percentage of women who had sex before age 18 is 

higher for all women in the HSAPS compared with the HDHS, regardless of marital status. This finding 

suggests that, despite the difference in classification of marital status, some degree of the increase in 

reporting of premarital sex can be attributed to the design of the questionnaire for the HSAPS. 
17 

3.2 Recent Sexual Activity and Condom Use 

Figure 3.3 and Appendix Table A.7 show the distribution of respondents in both surveys by time since 

last sexual intercourse. In the 2012 HDHS, 46 percent of women reported having sexual intercourse in the 

four weeks preceding the survey, as did 47 percent of women in the 2013 HSAPS. Around one-quarter of 

women in both surveys had sexual intercourse in the past year but not in the four weeks preceding the 

survey. Only 15 percent of women in the HSAPS never had sex, compared with 18 percent of women in 

the HDHS. Among men, 60 percent of respondents in the HDHS reported having sexual intercourse in the 

four weeks preceding the survey, compared with 57 percent in the HSAPS. Results for the other 

categories are similar for the two surveys: 22-24 percent of men had sexual intercourse in the past year 

but not the past four weeks, 9-10 percent last had sexual intercourse one or more years ago, and 9-10 

percent never had sexual intercourse. 

Figure 3.3. Recent sexual activity 

45.6 47.1

60.1 57.3

23.1

24.8

21.5 24.2

13.2

12.9

9.6 8.6

18.1 15.2

8.8 9.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Percent

Never had sexual intercourse

One or more years

Within 1 year, but not in past 4 weeks

Within the past 4 weeks

Women Men

As mentioned in Chapter 2, the percentage of respondents with two or more sexual partners in the past 12 

months was considered a key indicator for comparing the two methodologies of measuring sexual 

activity. As shown in Table 3.2 and Figure 3.4, the results of the two surveys on this indicator are nearly 

identical. In both surveys, 3 percent of women and 28-29 percent of men reported having two or more 

sexual partners in the past 12 months. The small differences observed are not statistically significant. 

There are also no statistically significant differences between the results of the two surveys on condom 

use at last sex among respondents who reported multiple partners in the past 12 months. Roughly four in 

every ten women and half of men with multiple sexual partners reported using a condom at last sex 

(Figure 3.5). 
18 

Table 3.2. Multiple sexual partners

Among all women and men age 15-49, the percentage who had sexual intercourse with more than one sexual 

partner in the past 12 months; and among those having more than one partner in the past 12 months, the percentage 

reporting that a condom was used at last intercourse 

All respondents 

Among respondents who had 2+ partners in 

the past 12 months: 

Survey

Percentage who had 

2+ partners in the 

past 12 months

Number of 

respondents

Percentage who reported 

using a condom during last 

sexual intercourse 

Number of 

respondents

Women 

 2012 HDHS 2.9 5,759 42.5 167 

 2013 HSAPS 3.4 2,033 39.7 69 

 

Men 

 2012 HDHS 28.5 3,249 45.9 927 

 2013 HSAPS 27.6 1,696 51.0 468 

Figure 3.4. Multiple sexual partners in the past 12 months 

2.9

28.5

3.4

27.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Women Men

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS
19 

Figure 3.5. Condom use at last intercourse, among those with multiple sexual partners in the past 

12 months 

42.5 45.9

39.7

51.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Women Men

Percent

 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Table 3.3 and Figure 3.6 provide further detail on the number of sexual partners in the past 12 months. 

Reporting of the number of sexual partners in the past 12 months is similar for women across the two 

surveys. Very few women in either survey reported three or more sexual partners in the past 12 months. 

The results for men are a bit more complicated. As noted above, there was no statistically significant 

difference in the percentage of men reporting two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months. The 

percentage of men reporting three or more partners in the past 12 months was also similar in both surveys. 

However, there appear to be more men reporting higher numbers of partners in the 2012 HDHS than in 

the 2013 HSAPS. For example, the percentage of men reporting five or more sexual partners in the 2012 

HDHS (5 percent) is significantly higher than the percentage of men reporting five or more partners in the 

2013 HSAPS (2 percent, p<0.001). 
20 

Table 3.3. Number of sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey

Percentage of women and men age 15-49 by number of sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey 

Survey

Number of sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey Number 

of 

None respondents

1 or 

more 

2 or 

more

3 or 

more

4 or 

more

5 or 

more

10 or 

more 

DK/ 

Missing

Women 

 2012 HDHS 31.2 68.7 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5,759 

 2013 HSAPS 28.1 71.9 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2,033 

 

Men 

 2012 HDHS 18.4 81.5 28.4 7.5 5.5 4.7 1.9 0.1 3,249 

 2013 HSAPS 18.4 81.5 27.6 7.9 2.5 1.6 0.5 0.1 1,696 

Figure 3.6. Number of sexual partners in the past 12 months 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Percent

0

1

2

3

4

5+

Women Men
21 

3.3 Lifetime Number of Sexual Partners 

Figure 3.7 includes findings on the mean number of lifetime sexual partners in the two surveys. The 

results for women are similar, at 2.6 lifetime partners in the 2013 HSAPS compared with 2.4 in the 2012 

HDHS. However, for men the mean number of lifetime partners is significantly lower in the 2013 HSAPS 

than in the 2012 HDHS, at 10.9 in the 2013 HSAPS compared with 14.3 in the 2012 HDHS (p<0.01). 

Figure 3.7. Mean number of lifetime sexual partners 

2.4

14.3

2.6

10.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Women Men

Number of sexual partners

 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Note: Mean number of lifetime sexual partners is calculated among respondents who ever had sexual intercourse and who gave a numeric response to 

the question on number of lifetime sexual partners.

* The mean number of lifetime sexual partners among men is lower in the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS with statistical significance at p<0.01.

*

Table 3.4 and Figure 3.8 provide further information on number of lifetime sexual partners. Although for 

women there is no difference in the mean number of lifetime sexual partners between the two surveys, the 

percentage of women reporting three or more lifetime sexual partners is significantly higher in the 2013 

HSAPS (36 percent) than in the 2012 HDHS (30 percent, p<0.001). In contrast, for men the difference in 

the mean number of lifetime sexual partners is statistically significant (10.9 in the HSAPS versus 14.3 in 

the DHS, p<0.01), but the difference in the percentage of men reporting 10 or more lifetime sexual 

partners between the two surveys is not statistically significant (34 percent versus 30 percent). 
22 

Table 3.4. Lifetime number of sexual partners

Percentage of women and men age 15-49 by lifetime number of sexual partners 

Survey

Lifetime number of sexual partners Number 

of 

None respondents

1 or 

more 

2 or 

more

3 or 

more

4 or 

more

5 or 

more

10 or 

more

DK/ 

Missing

Women 

 2012 HDHS 18.1 81.8 54.7 29.5 12.3 6.0 0.7 0.2 5,759 

 2013 HSAPS 15.2 84.7 59.9 35.9 17.4 9.1 0.9 0.2 2,033 

 

Men 

 2012 HDHS 8.8 89.8 83.3 75.0 64.7 56.8 33.8 1.4 3,249 

 2013 HSAPS 9.8 89.6 83.7 75.3 64.8 55.3 29.7 0.6 1,696 

Figure 3.8. Number of lifetime sexual partners 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

Percent

Don't know/ Missing

0

1

2

3

4

5-9

10+

Women Men
23 

3.4 Paid Sex 

One of the underlying assumptions in designing the questionnaire for the 2013 HSAPS was that asking 

about paid sex partners directly would lead to more complete reporting. Figure 3.9 and Appendix Table 

A.8 show results of the two surveys on paid sex. Payment for sexual intercourse in the past 12 months 

was 7 percent in both surveys. Although the 2013 HSAPS appears to have measured a slightly higher 

percentage of men reporting that they have ever paid for sex (21 percent versus 17 percent), and more 

frequent condom use at last paid sex among men who paid for sex in the past 12 months (88 percent 

versus 77 percent), the differences are not statistically significant. 

Figure 3.9. Payment for sexual intercourse: men

16.8

6.6

76.7

21.3

7.1

88.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ever paid for sexual intercourse Paid for sexual intercourse <12 months Used condom at last paid sexual intercourse

Percent

2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS

3.5 Types of Partners 

The standard DHS questionnaires for both women and men record detailed information regarding type of 

partner, for the three most recent sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey. For women, the 

2013 HSAPS collects detailed information on up to two sexual partners in the past 12 months in addition 

to the woman’s husband (if any), or up to three sexual partners for women who are not currently married. 

Men in the HSAPS are asked to report detailed information about their wife/all of their wives, up to three 

paid sex partners, and up to three other (non-spouse, non-paid) sex partners with whom they had sexual 

intercourse in the past 12 months. The 2013 HSAPS also collects information on the total number of 

different paid sex partners men have had in the past 12 months, which is not collected in the standard 

DHS. 
24 

Table 3.5 presents a distribution of all sexual partners that respondents reported having in the 12 months 

preceding the survey by relationship to the respondent, for the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS. If the 

number of partners exceeded the number of columns provided to record detailed information about each 

partner, then the respondent’s relationship to that partner was not collected, and the partner appears in the 

“Don’t know/Missing” column. 

For women, the distribution of sexual partners by type is similar in both surveys. Although the percentage 

of partners that are non-spousal is slightly higher in the 2013 HSAPS, this is related to the percentage of 

women who are currently in union being lower in the HSAPS compared with the HDHS. Among 

currently married women, the percentage reporting a sexual partner other than their spouse is 8 percent in 

the 2012 HDHS and 3 percent in the 2013 HSAPS (data not shown). 

Table 3.5. Type of sexual partners

Percent distribution of sexual partners respondents age 15-49 reported having during the 12 months preceding the 

survey by type of partner 

Survey

Type of sexual partner

Number 

of 

partners

Spouse/ 

Partner

Boyfriend/ 

Girlfriend Friend

Casual 

acquaintance

Client/ 

Sex 

worker Other

DK/ 

Missing Total 

Women 

 2012 HDHS 70.5 28.4 na 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 4,138 

 2013 HSAPS 67.3 28.1 2.3 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.0 100.0 1,537 

 

Men 

 2012 HDHS 29.0 41.7 na 5.4 1.9 0.0 22.0 100.0 4,894 

 2013 HSAPS 36.6 42.2 5.2 3.0 8.1 0.1 4.8 100.0 2,147 

na = not applicable. The category of “friend” was generated by recoding of open-ended responses in the 2013 

HSAPS. “Friend” was not a category created during recoding of the 2012 HDHS. There could have been some 

open-ended responses meeting this criterion in the 2012 HDHS, but no specific category was created for them. 

For men, two findings are notable. First, the proportion of sexual partners for which the relationship is not 

known is much lower in the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS. This is because the 2013 HSAPS 

questionnaire collects detailed information about a greater number of sexual partners. Second, the 

percentage of sexual partners that are reported as paid sex partners is higher in the 2013 HSAPS than in 

the 2012 HDHS (8 percent compared with 2 percent). At first this may seem to contradict the findings in 

Figure 3.8 showing that the percentage of men who paid for sex in the past 12 months was similar in both 

surveys. However, it must be noted that Table 3.5 is restricted to information included in the sexual 

partner history, whereas Figure 3.8 also includes the reports of paid sex coming from a single direct 

question outside of the sexual partner history in the 2012 HDHS, which asks men whether they paid for 

sex in the past 12 months. These findings indicate that many more men report having paid for sex when 

asked directly than self-report that one of their last three sexual partners was a sex worker. By asking 

about sex workers specifically, the HSAPS is able to collect much more detailed information than the 

HDHS about paid sex, including condom use during paid sex and the total number of sex workers that 

men report having in the past 12 months. 
25 

4. Conclusions and Recommendations 

4.1 Discussion of Results 

Overall, the differences in the estimates of sexual behavior indicators between the 2012 HDHS and 2013 

HSAPS can be characterized as subtle rather than radical. The most notable finding is that there was no 

difference in the percentage of respondents who reported having two or more sexual partners in the 12 

months preceding the survey. The age at first sex for respondents age 20-49 was similar between the two 

surveys, although the percentage of young women who reported having had sexual intercourse by age 18, 

and the percentage of never-married young women who reported ever having had sexual intercourse were 

both significantly higher in the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS. Although apparent differences in 

the classification of marital status between the two surveys complicate comparisons on the premarital sex 

indicator, placing the question on sexual activity before the question on marital status in the 2013 HSAPS 

may have produced more accurate reporting of premarital sex among young women. 

The percentage of men reporting five or more partners in the past 12 months was significantly lower in 

the 2013 HSAPS than in the 2012 HDHS. Some nuanced differences were observed in the reporting of 

lifetime number of sexual partners. For women, although there was no statistically significant difference 

in the mean number of lifetime sexual partners between the two surveys, the percentage with three or 

more lifetime partners was higher in the 2013 HSAPS. For men, however, there was a significant 

difference in the mean number of lifetime partners (it was lower in the 2013 HSAPS), but not in the 

percentage of men with 10 or more lifetime sexual partners. 

The 2012 HDHS questionnaire collected detailed information, such as relationship to partner, condom 

use, and dates of first and most recent sex, for up to three sexual partners in the past 12 months. With the 

design of the 2013 HSAPS questionnaire, it was possible to collect this same information for a greater 

number of the respondents’ sexual partners in the past 12 months, especially in the Man’s Questionnaire, 

which included a section of direct questions about sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers. The 

2012 HDHS questionnaires captured information on type of partner for only 78 percent of male 

respondents’ sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey, compared with 95 percent in the 

2013 HSAPS. 

The percentage of men who reported paying for sex in the past 12 months was 7 percent in both surveys. 

However, in the 2013 HSAPS, 8 percent of men’s sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey 

were reported as commercial sex workers, compared with 2 percent in the 2012 HDHS. The additional 

information collected in the new module on the total number of paid sex partners in the past 12 months 

and condom use with the three most recent paid sex partners could add to the understanding of a country’s 

HIV epidemic and assist in measuring the impact of the national response. Although we did not attempt to 

calculate the partner concurrency indicators with the new section on sexual activity in the 2013 HSAPS, it 

is safe to assume that having information about the timing of relationships for a greater number of 

partners could increase the percentage of sexual partnerships found to be concurrent. 

4.2 Discussion of Issues of Feasibility 

Other issues to consider in assessing the new module on sexual activity for inclusion in the standard DHS 

questionnaire include the following: 

1) How easy or difficult was it to develop the modules, and how easy or difficult it is likely to be to 

make country specific adjustments to the standard questionnaires when needed? 

2) How easy or difficult was the training to teach interviewers to administer the questionnaires? 
26 

3) How well did respondents appear to understand the questions, how did the interview flow, and 

how did respondents react to sensitive questions? 

Reorganizing the section of the questionnaire on sexual activity by type of partner turned out to be much 

more technically challenging than anticipated. It was difficult to account for all possible marital states, 

number of marriages, and combinations of different numbers and types of non-marital sexual partners, 

and to insure they would be handled correctly. As a result, the pattern of skips and filters became 

extremely complex. Even after the input of several DHS staff with extensive experience with 

questionnaire design, several problems were identified at the stage of programming the data entry 

application, interviewer training, and even during fieldwork that had not been caught earlier in the 

process. Due to the complexity of the skip patterns, making country-specific adjustments to these sections 

would be very challenging, and mistakes in the skip patterns could affect the survey’s ability to report on 

sexual activity indicators of international importance. 

The interviewers had favorable opinions of the redesigned section. Male and female interviewers reported 

that it was clearer to the respondents to discuss their various sexual partners by type, and this improved 

the flow of the interview. The interviewers did not find the skips too difficult to learn, although they did 

say that it helped to have been familiar with the 2012 HDHS questionnaires. Male interviewers reported 

that most male respondents were not offended by being asked direct questions about paid sexual 

intercourse. Many respondents seemed to anticipate these types of questions and were not surprised to 

hear them. Some respondents, however, including respondents who identified themselves as highly 

religious, were offended by the questions on paid sexual intercourse and were uncomfortable discussing 

the subject. Male interviewers also estimated that the redesigned module of sexual activity questions 

added roughly 10 minutes to the length of the interview. Although the interviewers themselves did not see 

this as a big problem, any change which lengthens an interview in surveys such as the DHS, which are 

already extremely large, must be carefully considered. 

The interviewers also noted several issues with the questionnaires. Both male and female interviewers did 

not like asking the question on sexual activity before the question on marital status. The interview did not 

flow well when respondents who had never had sex were then asked about their marital status. In the 

Haitian context, it did not make sense to ask someone who never had sex whether or not they were 

married. 

4.3 Recommendations 

Based on the findings of this pilot survey, we do not believe that it would be advisable to adopt the 

redesigned section on sexual activity in the standard DHS questionnaires. Overall, the two surveys 

measured similar numbers of sexual partners in the past 12 months. The new set of questions does not 

appear to have captured a notable number of sexual partners that had been under-reported using the 

standard questionnaires. 

The new questions provide some useful information regarding paid sex partners, and may also improve 

the reporting of premarital sex among young women. In addition, the new module appears to work well in 

interviews. However, because the quality of data appears to be similar on the key indicator of multiple 

partners in the 12 months preceding the survey, these potential benefits must be considered in light of 

several disadvantages of implementing the new module. 

First, we have concerns about the complexity of the logic of the redesigned section on sexual activity and 

fear that the layers of skips and filters introduce a serious risk for mistakes in questionnaire design during 

the country adaptation process. By being neutral with regard to partner type, the current DHS partner 

table is cleaner and more efficient. 
27 

Second, this new way of asking about sexual activity may produce some results that are not comparable to 

earlier estimates. If there were strong evidence that the revised module produced better data, this would 

not be a significant concern. However, in the absence of strong evidence that the new method improves 

reporting on sexual activity across key indicators, we are concerned that adopting the new module could 

disrupt the measurement of trends without providing the desired improvement in data quality in return. 

Finally, although the reorganized module on sexual activity with its detailed set of questions about sexual 

intercourse with commercial sex workers was generally accepted in Haiti, it may not be so well accepted 

in more conservative cultures with greater restrictions around open discussion of sex. The additional 

information collected on sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers may be the most valuable 

addition from the redesigned set of sexual activity questions. The feasibility of alternative questionnaire 

design approaches allowing for more detailed questions on paid sex partners, without completely 

restructuring the section of the questionnaire on sexual activity, should be considered. 

29 

References 

Blanc, A.K., and N. Rutenberg. 1990. “Assessment of the Quality of Data on Age at First Sexual 

Intercourse, Age at First Marriage, and Age at First Birth in the Demographic and Health Surveys.” In: An 

Assessment of DHS-I Data Quality, pp. 39-79, DHS Methodological Reports No. 1. Columbia, Maryland, 

USA: Institute for Resource Development/Macro Systems Inc. 

Buve, A., E. Lagard, M. Carael, N. Rutenberg, B. Ferry, J.R. Glynn, M. Laourou, E. Akam, J. Chege, T. 

Sukwa, Study Group on Heterogeneity of HIV Epidemics in African Cities. 2001. “Interpreting Sexual 

Behavior Data: Validity Issues in the Multicenter Study on Factors Determining the Differential Spread of 

HIV in Four African Cities.” AIDS 15(Suppl 4): S117-126. 

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2013. Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services, Haïti, 2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA: 

MSPP, IHE, and ICF International. 

Cleland, J., J.T. Boerma, M. Carael, and S.S. Weir. 2004. “Monitoring Sexual Behavior in General 

Populations: A Synthesis of Lessons of the Past Decade.” Sexually Transmitted Infections 80(Suppl 2): 

ii1-ii7. 

Curtis, S.L., and E.G. Sutherland. 2004. “Measuring Sexual Behavior in the Era of HIV/AIDS: The 

Experience of Demographic and Health Surveys and Similar Enquiries.” Sexually Transmitted Infections

80(Suppl 2): ii22-ii27. 

Dare, O.O., and J.G. Cleland. 1994. “Reliability and Validity of Survey Data on Sexual Behavior.” 

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de Walque, D. 2007. “Sero-Discordant Couples in Five African Countries: Implications for Prevention 

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Gregson, S., P. Mushati, P.J. White, M. Mlilo, C. Mundandi, and C. Nyamukapa. 2004. “Informal 

Confidential Voting Interview Methods and Temporal Changes in Reported Sexual Risk Behavior for 

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del’habitat (résultats préliminaires). Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Éditions des Antilles S.A. 

Konings, E., G. Bantebya, M. Carael, D. Bagenda, and T. Mertens. 1995. “Validating Population Surveys 

for the Measurement of HIV/STD Prevention Indicators.” AIDS 9: 375-382. 

Mensch, B.S., P.C. Hewett, and A.S. Erulkar. 2003. “The Reporting of Sensitive Behavior by 

Adolescents.” Demography 40: 247-268. 

Plummer, M.L., D.A. Ross, D. Wight, J. Changalucha, G. Mshana, J. Wamoyi, J. Todd, Anemona, F.F. 

Mosha, A.I. Obasi, and R.J. Hayes. 2004. “‘A Bit More Truthful’: The Validity of Adolescent Sexual 

Behavior Data Collected in Rural Northern Tanzania Using Five Methods.” Sexually Transmitted 

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Schopper, D., S. Doussantousse, and J. Orav. 1993. “Sexual Behaviors Relevant to HIV Transmission in a 

Rural African Population: How Much Can a KAP Survey Tell Us?” Social Science and Medicine 37:401–

412. 
31 

Appendix A. Additional Tables 

Table A.1.1. Current marital status: women

Percent distribution of women age 15-49 by current marital status, according to age, Haiti 

 Marital status 

Percentage 

of 

respondents 

currently in 

union 

Number 

of 

respond

Age -ents 

Never 

married Married Placée1 Vivavèk1 Living 

together

Widowed DivorcedSeparated Total 

2012 HDHS 

15-19 85.4 0.8 5.9 2.8 3.7 0.0 0.1 1.2 100.0 13.3 1,250 

20-24 54.4 5.9 17.9 9.9 7.2 0.0 0.1 4.6 100.0 40.9 1,216 

25-29 25.1 19.6 28.6 13.6 4.3 0.9 0.1 7.8 100.0 66.1 1,007 

30-34 12.1 24.3 32.8 14.0 6.0 2.0 0.2 8.7 100.0 77.0 778 

35-39 4.7 31.3 36.7 13.3 2.7 2.2 0.4 8.7 100.0 84.0 611 

40-44 1.6 31.6 33.0 9.1 2.8 5.7 0.6 15.7 100.0 76.5 462 

45-49 1.9 33.9 26.5 4.7 4.9 5.5 0.7 21.8 100.0 70.1 435 

 

Total 

15-49 36.8 16.6 23.0 9.5 4.8 1.5 0.2 7.6 100.0 53.8 5,759 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 91.6 1.2 4.2 1.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.5 100.0 7.7 409 

20-24 58.2 3.9 22.6 10.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 4.2 100.0 37.2 394 

25-29 34.6 13.9 36.4 8.8 0.2 0.0 1.1 5.1 100.0 59.3 368 

30-34 16.2 26.1 37.1 10.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 8.1 100.0 73.7 322 

35-39 11.1 31.3 36.1 7.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 12.1 100.0 75.2 262 

40-44 4.5 37.2 34.1 5.6 0.0 5.6 0.0 13.0 100.0 76.9 168 

45-49 8.3 36.8 24.2 2.1 0.0 7.2 0.8 20.5 100.0 63.2 109 

 

Total 

15-49 40.8 16.7 26.5 7.3 0.2 1.5 0.2 6.9 100.0 50.6 2 033 

1

 Placée and vivavèk are forms of marital status specific to Haiti. Placée indicates that a woman and man live 

together, but are not formally married. Vivavèk indicates a long-term, stable relationship in which a woman and man 

do not live together regularly, and the man may be married to another woman. Those with marital status of placée or 

vivavèk are considered to be “in union”. 
32 

Table A.1.2. Current marital status: men

Percent distribution of men age 15-49 by current marital status, according to age, Haiti 

 Marital status 

Percentage 

of respondents 

currently in 

union 

Number of 

respondAge ents 

Never 

married Married Placée1 Vivavèk1 Living 

together

Widowed DivorcedSeparated Total 

2012 HDHS 

15-19 97.5 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 100.0 1.9 695 

20-24 81.7 1.2 6.3 3.9 4.1 0.0 0.0 2.8 100.0 15.5 666 

25-29 54.0 8.0 24.0 3.4 6.3 0.1 0.2 4.0 100.0 41.6 557 

30-34 26.6 25.2 32.3 4.8 5.1 0.9 0.0 5.1 100.0 67.4 450 

35-39 10.8 34.6 39.9 6.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 100.0 83.7 346 

40-44 3.0 36.2 43.8 5.9 2.3 1.5 0.4 7.0 100.0 88.1 288 

45-49 2.5 39.4 44.6 3.5 2.0 0.8 0.0 7.2 100.0 89.5 246 

 

Total 

15-49 52.1 15.0 21.6 3.7 3.4 0.3 0.1 3.9 100.0 43.6 3,249 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 381 

20-24 86.9 0.5 8.9 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 100.0 12.4 296 

25-29 58.1 8.2 27.9 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 100.0 41.1 305 

30-34 25.5 18.0 47.1 3.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.3 100.0 68.8 256 

35-39 13.5 32.6 43.7 1.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 8.0 100.0 77.6 190 

40-44 2.0 47.8 39.5 2.4 0.0 0.8 1.1 6.4 100.0 89.7 163 

45-49 2.3 46.4 42.3 2.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 5.8 100.0 91.0 106 

 

Total 

15-49 53.7 15.4 25.0 2.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 2.9 100.0 42.9 1,696 

1

 Placée and vivavèk are forms of marital status specific to Haiti. Placée indicates that a woman and man live together, 

but are not formally married. Vivavèk indicates a long-term, stable relationship in which a woman and man do not live 

together regularly, and the man may be married to another woman. Those with marital status of placée or vivavèk are 

considered to be “in union”. 
33 

Table A.2.1. Age at first marriage: women

Percentage of women age 15-49 who were first married by specific exact ages, and median age at first 

marriage, according to current age 

Percentage first married by exact age: Percentage 

never 

married 

Number of 

respondents 

Median 

age at first 

Current age 15 18 20 22 25 marriage 

2012 HDHS 

15-19 3.4 na na na na 85.4 1,250 a 

20-24 2.8 16.3 30.1 na na 54.4 1,216 a 

25-29 4.0 20.9 34.9 47.4 64.2 25.1 1,007 22.5 

30-34 2.2 19.0 33.3 44.2 59.4 12.1 778 23.0 

35-39 4.3 20.8 33.4 48.5 66.5 4.7 611 22.2 

40-44 2.2 16.6 38.0 49.7 66.4 1.6 462 22.1 

45-49 3.7 22.5 37.8 53.8 70.9 1.9 435 21.3 

 

20-49 3.2 19.0 33.7 na na 23.3 4,509 a 

25-49 3.3 20.0 35.1 48.0 64.7 11.9 3,293 22.3 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 0.4 na na na na 91.6 409 a 

20-24 2.0 13.0 23.8 na na 58.2 394 a 

25-29 1.5 10.5 20.7 35.7 52.8 34.6 368 24.6 

30-34 1.0 10.7 23.5 35.9 52.9 16.2 322 24.4 

35-39 1.4 13.1 26.4 41.4 59.3 11.1 262 23.3 

40-44 1.9 8.3 15.2 32.9 56.3 4.5 168 24.2 

45-49 2.1 8.8 22.4 36.3 55.8 8.3 109 23.8 

 

20-49 1.6 11.2 22.5 na na 28.0 1,624 a 

25-49 1.5 10.6 22.0 36.6 55.0 18.3 1,229 24.1 

Note: The age at first marriage is defined as the age at which the respondent began living with her first 

spouse/partner 

na = Not applicable due to censoring 

a = Omitted because less than 50 percent of the women began living with their spouse or partner for the 

first time before reaching the beginning of the age group 
34 

Table A.2.2. Age at first marriage: men

Percentage of men age 15-49 who were first married by specific exact ages, and median age at first 

marriage, according to current age 

Percentage first married by exact age: Percentage 

never 

married 

Number of 

respondents 

Median 

age at first 

Current age 15 18 20 22 25 marriage 

2012 HDHS 

15-19 0.0 na na na na 97.5 695 a 

20-24 0.0 3.5 9.2 na na 81.7 666 a 

25-29 0.4 3.3 6.8 17.1 29.9 54.0 557 a 

30-34 0.0 2.9 6.0 16.6 32.3 26.6 450 27.8 

35-39 0.0 1.9 7.8 18.0 32.9 10.8 346 28.3 

40-44 0.0 4.0 11.9 21.1 35.9 3.0 288 27.0 

45-49 0.0 3.5 10.5 19.9 31.1 2.5 246 26.9 

 

20-49 0.1 3.2 8.4 na na 39.8 2,554 a 

25-49 0.1 3.1 8.1 18.1 32.1 25.0 1,888 a 

 

2013 HSAPS 

15-19 0.0 na na na na 100.0 381 a 

20-24 0.0 1.7 5.1 na na 86.9 296 a 

25-29 0.0 1.8 6.2 13.5 26.2 58.1 305 a 

30-34 0.0 2.2 7.6 15.1 29.1 25.5 256 27.7 

35-39 0.0 0.8 5.8 12.4 31.6 13.5 190 27.8 

40-44 0.6 4.5 6.8 14.4 29.6 2.0 163 27.7 

45-49 0.0 0.8 5.1 13.4 30.3 2.3 106 28.3 

 

20-49 0.1 1.9 6.2 na na 40.4 1,315 a 

25-49 0.1 2.0 6.5 13.8 28.9 26.8 1,019 a 

Note: The age at first marriage is defined as the age at which the respondent began living with his first 

spouse/partner 

na = Not applicable due to censoring 

a = Omitted because less than 50 percent of the men began living with their spouse or partner for the 

first time before reaching the beginning of the age group 
35 

Table A.3. Number of men’s wives

Percent distribution of currently married men age 15-49 by number of wives 

Survey 

Number of wives Number of 

1 2+ DK Total men 

2012 HDHS 94.1 5.9 0.0 100.0 1,416 

2013 HSAPS 94.1 5.5 0.4 100.0 728 

Table A.4. Current fertility

Age-specific and total fertility rates, the general fertility rate, and the crude birth rate for 

the three years preceding the survey 

Age group 2012 HDHS 2013 HSAPS 

15-19 57 49 

20-24 123 102 

25-29 136 133 

30-34 135 158 

35-39 116 99 

40-44 46 48 

45-49 8 0 

 

TFR (15-49) 3.1 2.9 

GFR 104 102 

CBR 28.2 27.3 

Notes: Age-specific fertility rates are per 1,000 women. Rates for age group 45-49 may 

be slightly biased due to truncation. Rates are for the period 1-36 months preceding 

interview. 

TFR: Total fertility rate expressed per woman 

GFR: General fertility rate expressed per 1,000 women age 15-44 

CBR: Crude birth rate expressed per 1,000 population

Table A.5. Age at first sexual intercourse among young people

Percentage of young women and young men age 15-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 15 and percentage 

of young women and young men age 18-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 18 

Women age 15-24 Women age 18-24 Men age 15-24 Men age 18-24 

Survey 

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

before age 15 

Number 

of 

women 

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

before age 18

Number 

of 

women

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

before age 15

Number 

of men 

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

before age 18

Number 

of men

2012 HDHS 12.3 2,466 48.9 1,697 36.2 1,361 79.9 974 

2013 HSAPS 12.2 804 56.5 563 33.5 677 78.1 455 
36 

Table A.6. Premarital sexual intercourse and condom use during premarital sexual intercourse among 

young people

Among never-married women and men age 15-24, the percentage who have never had sexual intercourse, the percentage 

who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, and, among those who had premarital sexual intercourse in the past 12 

months, the percentage who used a condom at the last sexual intercourse 

Never-married women age 15-24 Never-married men age 15-24 

 

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

in the past 

12 months 

Women who had 

sexual intercourse 

in the past 

12 months 

Percentage 

who had 

sexual 

intercourse 

in the past 

12 months 

Men who had sexual 

intercourse in the 

past 

12 months 

Survey 

Percentage 

who have 

never had 

sexual 

intercourse 

Number 

of 

nevermarried 

women

Percentage 

who used a 

condom at 

last sexual 

intercourse

Number

of 

women

Percentage 

who have 

never had 

sexual 

intercourse 

Number 

of 

nevermarried 

men

Percentage 

who used a 

condom at 

last sexual 

intercourse Number 

of men

2012 HDHS 55.0 33.4 1,729 57.5 578 22.0 61.4 1,221 69.5 750 

2013 HSAPS 45.2 42.8 604 59.8 258 25.0 58.9 638 74.7 376 

Table A.7. Recent sexual activity

Percent distribution of women and men age 15-49 by timing of last sexual intercourse 

Timing of last sexual intercourse Never had 

sexual 

intercourse Total 

Number of 

Survey respondents

Within the past 

4 weeks 

Within 

1 year1 One or more years Missing 

Women 

 2012 HDHS 45.6 23.1 13.2 0.1 18.1 100.0 5,759 

 2013 HSAPS 47.1 24.8 12.9 0.1 15.2 100.0 2,033 

Men 

 2012 HDHS 60.1 21.5 9.6 0.0 8.8 100.0 3,249 

 2013 HSAPS 57.3 24.2 8.6 0.1 9.8 100.0 1,696 

1

 Excludes women/men who had sexual intercourse within the past 4 weeks 

Table A.8. Payment for sexual intercourse and condom use at last paid sexual intercourse

Percentage of men age 15-49 who ever paid for sexual intercourse and percentage reporting payment for sexual 

intercourse in the past 12 months, and among them, the percentage reporting that a condom was used the last time 

they paid for sexual intercourse 

Among all men: 

Among men who paid for sexual 

intercourse in the past 

12 months: 

Survey

Percentage who 

ever paid for 

sexual intercourse 

Percentage who paid 

for sexual intercourse 

in the past 12 months

Number 

of men

Percentage reporting 

condom use at last paid 

sexual intercourse 

Number 

of men

2012 HDHS 16.8 6.6 3,429 76.7 213 

2013 HSAPS 21.3 7.1 1,696 88.4 120 
37 

Appendix B. Administering the 2013 HSAPS Questionnaire: 

Interviewers’ Experience 

B.1 Methods 

A week after the completion of the fieldwork for the 2013 HSAPS, 21 of the 27 interviewers who worked 

on the survey took part in focus group discussions about their experience administering the newly 

designed module of sexual activity questions. Two separate discussions were conducted: one with 8 male 

interviewers and a second with 13 female interviewers. This appendix presents a summary of the findings 

from those focus groups. 

The discussions focused on the following themes: 

• Did respondents generally understand the series of questions? 

• Were any questions difficult to understand or often misinterpreted? 

• What were the specific problems with this set of sexual behavior questions? 

• How did men react to being asked specifically about having sex with sex workers? 

• How does this set of questions compare to the set used in the 2012 HDHS? 

• What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of asking about different kinds of 

partners (as in the HSAPS) versus asking about partners in order of time since last sex, regardless 

of the type of partner (as in the HDHS)? 

• What do you think about including this new set of questions in the full HDHS with biomarkers? 

• During training, how easy or difficult was it to learn how to administer this set of sexual behavior 

questions compared to those used in the HDHS? 

B.2 Findings from the Focus Group of Male Interviewers 

Major points expressed by the male interviewers: 

• The male interviewers preferred having separate sections to list the different types of sexual 

partners. Separating the partners is clearer for the respondents, and structuring the questionnaire 

to focus on one type of partner at a time improved the flow of the interview. Combining the 

different types of partners together (wives, sex workers, and casual acquaintances) and asking the 

respondent to identify their last sexual partner (as in the HDHS) makes it difficult for respondents 

to remember and/or be forthright. 

• Separating the partner types into different sections in the HSAPS required the interviewers to 

name the different types of partners rather than the respondents telling them. This required the 

interviewers to be more sensitive, create a comfortable environment, and establish a stronger 

rapport with the respondents. 

• Interviewers preferred having a section that asked specifically about having sex with sex workers. 

Most respondents did not hesitate to answer any question, because they were expecting questions 

about their sexual history. The male interviewers all agreed that the introductory sentences must 

be clear and that respondents must understand that some of the questions will be intrusive. While 

a few respondents found questions about sex with sex workers offensive, among the interviewers 

who participated in the discussion, not one respondent refused to answer their questions about 
38 

paid sex. All but one of the interviewers felt that most respondents were honest with their 

answers. 

• Negative reactions to the direct questions about sex workers included: (1) some religious men 

found these questions frustrating and some were insulted, telling the interviewers that Christian 

men should not be asked these kinds of questions; (2) some married men tended to think that the 

interviewers were questioning their commitment to the marriage; and (3) younger men were 

much more at ease answering these questions, while older men (35+) tended to say that they did 

not remember. 

• While the HSAPS sexual activity module takes longer to complete than the sexual history section 

in the HDHS, the interviewers said that the respondents did not complain about the length of 

time. The HSAPS contains more skips and filters and requires that the interviewers pay closer 

attention to the answers. Adding the HSAP version to the full HDHS would increase the time by 

about 10 minutes, and they viewed this increase to be acceptable. 

Recommendations on specific questions in the HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire 

• The interviewers strongly advised that marital status (QM401) be asked before age at first sex 

(QM400B). Those respondents who have never had sex always felt that the marital status 

question was unnecessary. 

• The question “when was the last time you had sexual intercourse”, which is found in QM414, 

QM421, QM428A/B, and QM439, is intentionally asked twice for the last partner with whom the 

respondent last had sexual intercourse. It is first necessary to ask time since last sex in order to 

determine whether or not the respondent had sexual intercourse in the 12 months preceding the 

survey. If the respondent did not, the information in this question is used to skip over the 

remaining questions on sexual activity during the 12 months. For respondents who report having 

sexual intercourse in the 12 months preceding the survey, measurement of concurrent sexual 

partnerships requires recording the time since first and last sex with each individual partner. In 

the pilot module, it is possible for the respondent’s most recent sexual partner to be reported in 

one of three possible locations: the first column in the section for marital partners, the first 

column in the section for paid sex partners, or the first column in the section for other sex 

partners. From a questionnaire design perspective, it was simpler to ask time since last sex in all 

of these locations rather than attempting to determine which section contained the most recent 

partner among all partner types, and then skip the question on time since last sex with the most 

recent partner only in that section. However, some respondents thought that the question was 

asked twice in order to trick them. When asked how the interviewers responded to the 

respondent’s concern, the interviewers said that they told respondents that the question was 

repeated in order to confirm their answer in QM414. The interviewers stated that they understood 

that QM414 is necessary as a gateway question and that the placement is also correct but they 

suggested that we find a solution not to have to ask it again for the most recent sexual partner in 

the other sections. 

• The wording of QM436 does not work well for respondents who are unmarried and did not have 

sex with a commercial sex worker in the past 12 months. The question has a long introduction 

which is not relevant to these respondents, and it takes too long to get to the actual question (sex 

with other partners in past 12 months), so both the interviewer and respondent can get lost before 

the question is finished, leading the respondent to mistakenly answer “No.” QM436 is shown 

below. QM436A includes the wording used for married men. QM436B includes the wording used 

for unmarried men. 
39 

• QM4356A: “So far I have asked you about having sexual intercourse with your (partner/wife) as 

well as with prostitutes or people you may have paid for sex. Now, I want to ask you about other 

partners you may have had sexual intercourse with in the last 12 months. Have you had sexual 

intercourse with anyone else in the last 12 months?” 

QM436B: “So far I have asked you about having sexual intercourse with prostitutes or persons 

you have paid for sexual intercourse. Now, I want to ask you about other partners you may have 

had sexual intercourse with in the last 12 months. Have you had sexual intercourse with anyone 

else in the last 12 months?” 

B.3 Findings from the Focus Group of Female Interviewers 

Major points expressed by the female interviewers 

• All of the interviewers liked the new structure in the HSAPS. The structure for the sexual activity 

section in the HSAPS was well understood by the respondents, and the HSAPS version made it 

clearer and easier to talk about specific partners, compared with the HDHS. 

• Overall, the interviewers did not have problems with the more complex pattern of skips and filters 

in the HSAPS questionnaire. 

Recommendations on specific questions in the HSAPS Woman’s Questionnaire 

• All the interviewers agreed that sexual activity (QW600B) should not be asked before marital 

status (QW601). The first question in the section should not ask about sexual activity, as it is 

impolite and too direct. A lead-in question is necessary before asking personal questions, and 

asking about marital status is the best strategy. All interviewers said that asking about marital 

status first would not affect reporting of premarital sex. Also, it did not make sense to ask a 

woman who has just said that she has never had sex whether or not she is married in the 

following question. 

• Some respondents were confused by questions QW605 (“When was the last time you had sexual 

intercourse with anyone?”) and QW610 (“When did you first have sexual intercourse with 

him?”). Respondents had problems distinguishing between the last and the first time they had sex 

with the same partner. Interviewers preferred the sexual behavior section in the HDHS to the 

HSAPS for asking about first sex with the most recent partner. 

• QW606, “Who did you have sexual intercourse with the last time?” confused some of the 

respondents. Interviewers received answers such as, “with a man, of course.” The wording in the 

HDHS, “What was your relationship to this person?” appears to have been clearer. 

• QW612, which asks about a second sexual partner in the past 12 months, is delicate. The 

interviewers reported that in order to get women to discuss their additional sexual partner, 

QW612 needs to be worded differently. Interviewers found that women were more likely to open 

up when the interviewers rephrased QW612 to include the time that women reported as their last 

sex, for example, “Before your last partner, which occurred 6 months ago, have you had sexual 

intercourse with anyone else in the past 12 months?” The interviewers did not think that 

respondents were intentionally excluding other sexual partners, but that respondents just needed 

help remembering other sexual partners they might have had throughout the year. 
40 

B.4 Conclusions 

All of the interviewers were optimistic about the newly designed module on sexual activity. They stated 

that this new series of sexual activity questions was more detailed and clearer for the respondents. The 

interviewers recommended that it be integrated into the next Haiti DHS survey. 
41 

Appendix C. Sample Design 

C.1 Introduction 

The objective of the 2013 Haiti Sexual Activity Pilot Survey (HSAPS) was to test an alternative strategy 

for collecting data on sexual activity, to improve the quality of reporting. The pilot survey was conducted 

in 2 of Haiti’s 11 departments, the Aire Métropolitain and the rest of the Ouest department outside of the 

Aire Métropolitain, referred to as Reste-Ouest. The survey used newly redesigned sections of the 

individual questionnaire on marriage and sexual activity. The HSAPS results were compared with a 

subsample of the results from the 2012 Haiti DHS (HDHS) corresponding to the areas sampled in the 

HSAPS. The 2012 HDHS used the standard questionnaire on marriage and sexual activity. The 2013 

HSAPS was based on a sample of 1,815 households, from 55 clusters that were selected randomly from 

the pilot area. All males and females age 15-49 who were living on a regular basis in the selected 

household or who slept in the household the night before the survey were eligible for the individual 

survey. This sample was expected to produce 2,130 interviews for women age 15-49 and 1,913 interviews 

for men age 15-49. 

C.2 Sampling Frame 

The sampling frame used for the 2013 HSAPS was based on the General Population and Housing Census 

conducted in Haiti in 2003 (GPHC-2003). The Haitian Institute of Statistics and Information (IHSI) has a 

computer file of 11,967 Enumeration Sections (SDE) created for the purpose of the 2003 census. This 

database was partially updated in 2011 by IHSI for the purpose of selecting the sample for the 2012 

HDHS. The update consisted of projecting the population for each SDE from the results of a survey 

conducted in 2011 by IHSI. This projection did not take into account the households living in officially 

registered camps, as a complete list of these camps was available from the World Immigration 

Organization (WIO). The list of camps was updated regularly every three months after the 2010 

earthquake. So it was decided to place the population living in official camps apart. But the unregistered 

camps in an SDE were taken into account as ordinary households. In the frame, each SDE appears with 

all its identifiers (department, town, communal section, and identification code), the number of 

households, the population, and the type of residence (urban or rural). The boundaries of each SDE are 

clearly identifiable on maps created for GPHC-2003. Although the 2013 HSAPS was restricted to 2 of the 

11 departments, the distribution of the full sampling frame is presented for completeness. Table C.1 gives 

the distribution of SDE in 11 departments and the average number of households per SDE, by type of 

residence. Table C.2 gives the distribution of the population and households. A complete list of registered 

camps is available from the Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) in Haiti. Table C.3 

gives the number of camp sites, population, and number of households, according to the latest count. 
42 

Table C.1. Number of SDEs and average number of households per SDE by residence, according 

to department 

Department 

Number of SDEs 

Average number of households 

per SDE 

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 

Aire Métropolitaine 1,874 0 1,874 199 na 199 

Artibonite 438 1,620 2,058 237 144 164 

Centre 144 853 997 161 137 141 

Grand'Anse 86 425 511 208 157 165 

Nippes 45 436 481 173 140 143 

Nord 431 751 1,182 175 146 157 

Nord-Est 152 271 423 194 158 171 

Nord-Ouest 123 575 698 230 158 170 

Reste-Ouest 203 1835 2038 171 133 137 

Sud 129 848 977 200 139 147 

Sud-Est 87 641 728 169 153 155 

Haiti 3,712 8,255 11,967 198 143 160 

Source: Preliminary results of the GPHC-2003 with partial updating in 2011, IHSI. 

Table C.2. Percentage of population and households by residence, according to department 

Department 

Percentage of population Percentage of households 

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 

Aire Métropolitaine 100.0 0.0 19.9 100.0 0.0 19.5 

Artibonite 32.0 68.0 16.2 30.7 69.3 17.6 

Centre 16.3 83.7 7.3 16.5 83.5 7.3 

Grand'Anse 20.5 79.5 4.5 21.2 78.8 4.4 

Nippes 10.5 89.5 3.3 11.3 88.7 3.6 

Nord 39.5 60.5 10.3 40.7 59.3 9.7 

Nord-Est 38.2 61.8 4.0 40.8 59.2 3.8 

Nord-Ouest 22.8 77.2 6.7 23.8 76.2 6.2 

Reste-Ouest 12.9 87.1 14.3 12.5 87.5 14.5 

Sud 17.7 82.3 7.8 17.9 82.1 7.5 

Sud-Est 13.0 87.0 5.8 13.0 87.0 5.9 

Haiti 38.6 61.4 100.0 38.3 61.7 100.0 

Source: Preliminary results of the GPHC-2003 with partial updating in 2011, IHSI. 
43 

Table C.3. Distribution of the population and households in camps, by commune 

Commune Number of camp sites Population Households 

Carrefour 118 49,721 12,151 

Cite Soleil 42 22,481 5,603 

Croix-Des-Bouquets 76 75,855 19,618 

Delmas 221 207,675 49,790 

Ganthier 4 2,068 380 

Grand-Goave 36 1,560 602 

Gressier 32 2,913 963 

Jacmel 17 3,679 1,169 

Leogane 76 16,303 4,777 

Pétion-Ville 80 37,489 10,015 

Petit-Goave 69 6,959 2,098 

Port-Au-Prince 160 164,962 39,530 

Tabarre 70 42,629 11,948 

Total 1,001 634,294 158,644 

Source: CCCM DTM Haiti, May 2011 

 

C.3 Sampling Procedures and Sample Allocation 

The 2013 HSAPS had a stratified sample, selected in two stages from the sampling frame. Stratification was 

achieved by separating the urban and rural areas of each department to form the sampling strata. Samples were 

selected independently in each sampling stratum by a two-stage selection process. In the first stage, 55 SDE had 

been selected with a stratified probability proportional to size selection according to the sample allocation given in 

Table C.4. Before the sample selection of the SDE, the sampling frame was sorted in order according to 

administrative units, so that an implicit stratification and a proportional allocation would be achieved at lower-level 

administrative units, such as communes and communal sections. After the first stage selection and before the survey, 

a household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected SDE. 

The household listing operation consisted of visiting each of the 55 selected SDE, drawing a location map and a 

detailed sketch map, and recording on the household listing forms all residential households found in the SDE, along 

with the address and the name of the head of household. The resulting list of households served as the sampling 

frame for the selection of households in the second stage. During the household listing operation, some of the 

selected SDE were found to be large. Thus in order to minimize the task of household listing, the selected SDE with 

an estimated number of households greater than 300 were segmented. Only one segment was selected for the survey 

with probability proportional to the segment size. The methodology and the detailed household listing procedure 

were addressed in the household listing manual. 

At the second stage, 33 households were selected from the newly established household listing for each selected 

SDE. Household selection was performed in the central office before the survey. The survey interviewers were 

asked to interview only the 33 pre-selected households in each SDE. No replacements and no changes of the preselected households were allowed during the implementing stages, in order to prevent bias. 

Table C.4 shows the sample allocation of clusters and households by residence for the two departments included in 

the 2013 HSAPS. Table C.5 shows the expected number of interviews of women and men age 15-49. The 

calculations were based on the survey results of the 2012 HDHS. 
44 

Table C.4. Sample allocation of clusters and households by residence, according to department, 

2013 HSAPS 

Department 

Sample allocation of clusters Sample allocation of households 

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 

Aire Métropolitaine 30 30 990 0 990 

Reste-Ouest 3 22 25 99 726 825 

Total 33 22 55 1,089 726 1,815 

Table C.5. Expected number of interviews of women and men age 15-49 by residence, according 

to department, 2013 HSAPS 

Department 

Expected number of women Expected number of men 

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 

Aire Métropolitaine 1,277 0 1,277 1,108 0 1,108 

Reste-Ouest 102 751 853 97 708 805 

Total 1,379 751 2,130 1,205 708 1,913 

C.4 Sampling Weight 

Because of the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the different reporting domains, sampling 

weights are required for any analysis using 2013 HSAPS data to ensure the representativeness of the 

results. Since the 2013 HSAPS sample was a two-stage, stratified cluster sample, sampling weights were 

calculated based on sampling probabilities calculated separately for each sampling stage and for each 

cluster. We use the following notations: 

 P1hi: sampling probability of the i

th cluster in stratum h

P2hi: sampling probability within the i

th cluster for households 

Phi: overall sampling probability of any households of the i

th cluster in stratum h

Let ah be the number of clusters selected in stratum h for the HSAPS, Mhi the number of households 

according to the sampling frame in the i

th cluster, and Mhi the total number of structures in the stratum 

h. The probability of selecting the i

th cluster in stratum h for the HSAPS was calculated as follows: 

M

 a M P

hi

h hi

hi  1 =

Let Lhi and ghi ( ghi =30 for all h and i for HSAPS) be the number of households listed and selected in 

the i

th cluster in stratum h. The probability for selecting a household in the ith cluster was calculated as 

follows: 

hi

hi

hi L

g P2 =
45 

The overall selection probability of each household in cluster i of stratum h is therefore the production of 

the selection probabilities: 

 =×=

hi hi

hihih

hihihi ML

Mga PPP 21

The sampling weight for each household in cluster i of stratum h is the inverse of its overall selection 

probability: 

hi PW hi = /1

A spreadsheet containing all sampling parameters and selection probabilities was constructed to facilitate 

the calculation of sampling weights. Household sampling weights and the individual weights for women 

and men were obtained by adjusting the above-calculated weight to compensate household non-response 

and individual non-response, respectively. These weights were further normalized at the national level to 

produce unweighted cases equal to weighted cases for both households and individuals at the national 

level. The normalized weights are valid for estimation of proportions and means at any aggregation 

levels, but not valid for estimation of totals. 
46 

Table C.6. Sample implementation: women

Percent distribution of households and eligible women by results of the household and individual 

interviews, and household, eligible women, and overall women response rates, according to urban-rural 

residence and region (unweighted), 2013 HSAPS 

Residence Region 

Result Urban Rural 

Aire 

Métropolitaine Reste-Ouest Total 

Selected households 

Completed (C) 99.0 98.3 99.0 98.4 98.7 

Household present but 

no competent respondent 

at home (HP) 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 

Household absent (HA) 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 

Dwelling vacant/address 

not a dwelling (DV) 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Dwelling destroyed (DD) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 

 

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Number of sampled 

households 1,090 726 991 825 1,816 

Household response rate 

(HRR)1 99.5 99.7 99.5 99.8 99.6 

 

Eligible women 

Completed (EWC) 98.1 99.1 97.9 99.2 98.4 

Not at home (EWNH) 1.3 0.4 1.4 0.4 1.0 

Refused (EWR) 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 

Partly completed (EWPC) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 

Incapacitated (EWI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 

Other (EWO) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 

 

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Number of women 1,387 679 1,272 794 2,066 

Eligible women response 

rate (EWRR)2 98.1 99.1 97.9 99.2 98.4 

 

Overall women response 

rate (OWRR)3 97.6 98.8 97.4 99.0 98.0 

1

 Using the number of households falling into specific response categories, the household response rate 

(HRR) is calculated as: 

100 * C 

——————————— 

C + HP + P + R + DNF 2

 The eligible women response rate (EWRR) is equivalent to the percentage of interviews completed 

(EWC). 

3

 The overall women response rate (OWRR) is calculated as: 

OWRR = HRR * EWRR/100 
47 

Table C.7. Sample implementation: men

Percent distribution of households and eligible men by results of the household and individual interviews, 

and household, eligible men, and overall men response rates, according to urban-rural residence and 

region (unweighted), 2013 HSAPS 

Residence Region 

Result Urban Rural 

Aire 

Métropolitaine Reste-Ouest Total 

Selected households 

Completed (C) 99.0 98.3 99.0 98.4 98.7 

Household present but no 

competent respondent at 

home (HP) 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 

Household absent (HA) 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 

Dwelling vacant/address 

not a dwelling (DV) 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Dwelling destroyed (DD) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 

 

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Number of sampled 

households 1,090 726 991 825 1,816 

Household response rate 

(HRR)1

 99.5 99.7 99.5 99.8 99.6 

 

Eligible men 

Completed (EMC) 96.0 96.9 95.7 97.2 96.3 

Not at home (EMNH) 3.5 1.8 3.8 1.5 2.9 

Postponed (EMP) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 

Refused (EMR) 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.3 

Incapacitated (EMI) 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.4 

 

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Number of men 1,139 622 1,047 714 1,761 

Eligible men response rate 

(EMRR)2 96.0 96.9 95.7 97.2 96.3 

 

Overall men response rate 

(OMRR)3 95.5 96.7 95.2 97.0 95.9 

1

 Using the number of households falling into specific response categories, the household response rate 

(HRR) is calculated as: 

100 * C 

——————————— 

C + HP + P + R + DNF 2

 The eligible men response rate (EMRR) is equivalent to the percentage of interviews completed (EMC) 3 The overall men response rate (OMRR) is calculated as: 

OMRR = HRR * EMRR/100 

49 

Appendix D. Estimates of Sampling Errors 

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) non-sampling errors, and 

(2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection 

and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of 

the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and errors in data entry. Although 

numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2013 Haiti Sexual Activity Pilot Survey 

(HSAPS) to minimize this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and are difficult to 

evaluate statistically. 

Sampling errors, in contrast, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 

HSAPS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the 

same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the 

results of the actual sample selected. Sampling error is a measure of the variability between all possible 

samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey 

results. 

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, 

percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate 

confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For 

example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within 

a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples 

of identical size and design. 

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to 

use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2013 HSAPS sample is the 

result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex 

formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2013 HSAPS is a SAS 

program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for variance estimation for survey estimates 

that are means or proportions. 

The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, r = y/x, where y

represents the total sample value for variable y, and x represents the total number of cases in the group or 

subgroup under consideration. The variance of r is computed using the formula given below, with the 

standard error being the square root of the variance: 

  ( ) = = 





























 − − == −

H

h h

h

m

i

hi

h

h

h

m

z

z

m

m f

x

rvarrSE h

1

2

1

2

2

2

1

1 1 )()(

in which 

hihihi −= rxyz , and hhh −= rxyz

where h represents the stratum which varies from 1 to H, 

mh is the total number of clusters selected in the hth stratum, 

yhi is the sum of the weighted values of variable y in the i

th cluster in the hth stratum, 

xhi is the sum of the weighted number of cases in the i

th cluster in the hth stratum, and 

fh is the sampling fraction of PSU in the hth stratum which is small and ignored 
50 

In addition to the standard error, the program computes the design effect (DEFT) for each estimate, which 

is defined as the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that 

would result if a simple random sample had been used. A DEFT value of 1.0 indicates that the sample 

design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a value greater than 1.0 indicates the increase in 

the sampling error due to the use of a more complex and less statistically efficient design, such as 

multistage and cluster selection. The program also computes the relative standard error and the 

confidence limits for the estimates. 

Sampling errors are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest. This Appendix 

presents the results for the area covered by the HSAPS as a whole—the Aire Métropolitane and ResteOeste departments—for both the 2013 HSAPS and the 2012 HDHS, to facilitate comparison of the results 

of the two surveys. Table D.1 shows, for each variable, the type of statistic (mean or proportion) and the 

base population. Tables D.2 and D.3 present the value of the statistic (R), its standard error (SE), the 

number of unweighted (N) and weighted (N’) cases, the design effect (DEFT), the relative standard error 

(SE/R), and the 95 percent confidence limits (R±2SE), for each variable. The DEFT is considered 

undefined when the standard error considering simple random sample is zero (when the estimate is close 

to 0 or 1). 

The confidence interval (as calculated for the mean number of sex partners in lifetime for interviewed 

women, for example) can be interpreted as follows: the overall average from the HSAPS sample is 2.612 

and its standard error is 0.066. Therefore, to obtain the 95 percent confidence limits, the procedure is to 

add and subtract twice the standard error to the sample estimate, i.e., 2.612±2×0.066. There is a high 

probability (95 percent) that the true mean number of lifetime sex partners for women age 15-49 is 

between 2.480 and 2.743. 

For the 2013 HSAPS sample, the value of the design effect (DEFT), averaged over all variables for 

women, is 1.530, which means that, due to multistage and clustering of the sample, the average standard 

error is increased by a factor of 1.530 over that in an equivalent simple random sample. 
51 

Table D.1. Selected variables for sampling errors, 2012 HDHS and 2013 HSAPS 

Variable Estimate Base population 

WOMEN 

Urban residence Proportion All women 15-49 

Never married/in union Proportion All women 15-49 

Currently married/in union Proportion All women 15-49 

Formerly married/in union Proportion All women 15-49 

Married before age 20 Proportion All women 20-49 

Had sexual intercourse before age 15 (youth) Proportion All women 15-24 

Had sexual intercourse before age 18 (youth) Proportion All women 18-24 

Abstinence among never-married youth 

(never had sex) 

Proportion Never-married women 15-24 

Sexually active in past 12 months among 

never-married youth 

Proportion Never-married women 15-24 

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 12 months Proportion All women 15-49 

Condom use at last sex Proportion Women 15-49 with 2+ partners in past 12 months 

Mean number of sexual partners in lifetime Mean Women 15-49 who ever had sex and gave a 

numeric response 

Had 3+ sexual partners in lifetime Proportion All women 15-49 

 

MEN 

Urban residence Proportion All men 15-49 

Never married/in union Proportion All men 15-49 

Currently married/in union Proportion All men 15-49 

Formerly married/in union Proportion All men 15-49 

Married before age 20 Proportion All men 20-49 

Had sexual intercourse before age 15 (youth) Proportion All men 15-24 

Had sexual intercourse before age 18 (youth) Proportion All men 18-24 

Abstinence among never-married youth 

(never had sex) 

Proportion Never-married men 15-24 

Sexually active in past 12 months among 

never-married youth 

Proportion Never-married men 15-24 

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 12 months Proportion All men 15-49 

Condom use at last sex Proportion Men 15-49 with 2+ partners in past 12 months 

Mean number of sexual partners in lifetime Mean Men 15-49 who ever had sex and gave a numeric 

response 

Had 5+ sexual partners in past 12 months Proportion All men 15-49 

Had 10+ sexual partners in lifetime Proportion All men 15-49 

Ever paid for sexual intercourse Proportion All men 15-49 

Paid for sexual intercourse in past 12 months Proportion All men 15-49 

Used a condom at last paid sex Proportion Men age 15-49 who paid for sex in past 12 

months 
52 

Table D.2. Sampling errors for the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS: women

 

Value 

(R) 

Standard

error 

(SE) 

Number of cases Design 

effect 

(DEFT)

Relative 

error 

(SE/R) 

Confidence 

limits 

Variable 

Unweighted 

(N) 

Weighted 

(N') R-2SE R+2SE

2012 HDHS 

Urban residence 0.674 0.031 3,540 5,759 3.949 0.046 0.612 0.736 

Never married/in union 0.368 0.012 3,540 5,759 1.490 0.033 0.344 0.392 

Currently married/in union 0.538 0.013 3,540 5,759 1.526 0.024 0.513 0.564 

Formerly married/in union 0.093 0.007 3,540 5,759 1.435 0.075 0.079 0.108 

Married before age 20 0.337 0.014 2,768 4,509 1.510 0.040 0.310 0.364 

Had sexual intercourse before 

age 15 0.123 0.011 1,521 2,466 1.356 0.093 0.100 0.145 

Had sexual intercourse before 

age 18 0.489 0.024 1,047 1,697 1.549 0.049 0.441 0.536 

Abstinence among nevermarried youth (never had sex) 0.550 0.019 1,086 1,729 1.254 0.034 0.512 0.588 

Sexually active in past 12 

months among never-married 

youth 0.334 0.018 1,086 1,729 1.250 0.054 0.298 0.370 

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.029 0.004 3,540 5,759 1.261 0.123 0.022 0.036 

Condom use at last sex 0.425 0.057 96 167 1.130 0.135 0.310 0.540 

Mean number of sexual 

partners in lifetime 2.439 0.064 2,881 4,708 1.029 0.026 2.312 2.566 

Had 3+ sexual partners in 

lifetime 0.295 0.012 3,540 5,759 1.530 0.040 0.272 0.319 

2013 HSAPS 

Urban residence 0.656 0.050 2,033 2,033 4.676 0.075 0.557 0.755 

Never married/in union 0.408 0.014 2,033 2,033 1.300 0.035 0.380 0.436 

Currently married/in union 0.506 0.013 2,033 2,033 1.133 0.025 0.481 0.531 

Formerly married/in union 0.086 0.006 2,033 2,033 0.979 0.071 0.074 0.098 

Married before age 20 0.225 0.014 1,622 1,624 1.375 0.063 0.196 0.253 

Had sexual intercourse before 

age 15 0.122 0.016 800 804 1.391 0.132 0.090 0.155 

Had sexual intercourse before 

age 18 0.565 0.021 569 563 1.012 0.037 0.523 0.607 

Abstinence among nevermarried youth (never had sex) 0.452 0.027 596 604 1.321 0.060 0.399 0.506 

Sexually active in past 12 

months among never married 

youth 0.428 0.030 596 604 1.456 0.069 0.368 0.487 

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.034 0.007 2,033 2,033 1.713 0.203 0.020 0.048 

Condom use at last sex 0.397 0.060 75 69 1.057 0.151 0.277 0.518 

Mean number of sexual 

partners in lifetime 2.612 0.066 1,725 1,721 1.417 0.025 2.480 2.743 

Had 3+ sexual partners in 

lifetime 0.359 0.014 2,033 2,033 1.288 0.038 0.332 0.386 
53 

Table D.3. Sampling errors for the 2012 HDHS and the 2013 HSAPS: men

 

Value 

(R) 

Standard

error 

(SE) 

Number of cases Design 

effect 

(DEFT) 

Relative 

error 

(SE/R) 

Confidence 

limits 

Variable 

Unweighted 

(N) 

Weighted 

(N') R-2SE R+2SE

2012 HDHS 

Urban residence 0.681 0.030 1,915 3,249 2.839 0.044 0.621 0.742 

Never married/in union 0.521 0.015 1,915 3,249 1.332 0.029 0.491 0.552 

Currently married/in union 0.436 0.015 1,915 3,249 1.299 0.034 0.407 0.465 

Formerly married/in union 0.043 0.005 1,915 3,249 1.102 0.119 0.033 0.053 

Married before age 20 0.084 0.009 1,502 2,554 1.212 0.104 0.066 0.101 

Had first sexual intercourse 

before age 15 (youth) 0.362 0.019 807 1,361 1.141 0.053 0.323 0.401 

Had first sexual intercourse 

before age 18 (youth) 0.799 0.020 567 974 1.174 0.025 0.759 0.839 

Abstinence among nevermarried youth (never had sex) 0.220 0.018 734 1,221 1.167 0.081 0.184 0.256 

Sexually active in past 12 

months among never-married 

youth 0.614 0.025 734 1,221 1.365 0.040 0.565 0.663 

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.285 0.017 1,915 3,249 1.693 0.061 0.250 0.320 

Condom use at last sex 0.459 0.031 517 927 1.415 0.068 0.397 0.521 

Mean number of sexual 

partners in lifetime 14.312 0.925 1,711 2,917 1.753 0.065 12.461 16.162 

Had 5+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.047 0.006 1,915 3,249 1.267 0.130 0.035 0.060 

Had 10+ sexual partners in 

lifetime 0.338 0.017 1,915 3,249 1.577 0.051 0.304 0.372 

Ever paid for sexual 

intercourse 0.168 0.013 1,915 3,249 1.527 0.078 0.142 0.195 

Paid for sexual intercourse in 

past 12 months 0.066 0.008 1,915 3,249 1.468 0.127 0.049 0.082 

Used a condom at last paid 

sex 0.767 0.045 123 213 1.184 0.059 0.676 0.858 

2013 HSAPS 

Urban residence 0.624 0.050 1,696 1,696 4.219 0.080 0.524 0.724 

Never married/in union 0.537 0.022 1,696 1,696 1.783 0.040 0.494 0.581 

Currently married/in union 0.429 0.021 1,696 1,696 1.736 0.049 0.387 0.471 

Formerly married/in union 0.033 0.005 1,696 1,696 1.188 0.155 0.023 0.044 

Married before age 20 0.062 0.009 1,310 1,315 1.291 0.139 0.044 0.079 

Had first sexual intercourse 

before age 15 (youth) 0.335 0.026 699 677 1.458 0.078 0.283 0.387 

Had first sexual intercourse 

before age 18 (youth) 0.781 0.026 475 455 1.392 0.034 0.728 0.834 

Abstinence among nevermarried youth (never had sex) 0.250 0.021 658 638 1.225 0.083 0.208 0.291 

Sexually active in past 12 

months among never-married 

youth 0.589 0.024 658 638 1.233 0.040 0.542 0.636 

(Continued...)
54 

Table D.3. – Continued

 

Value 

(R) 

Standard

error 

(SE) 

Number of cases Design 

effect 

(DEFT) 

Relative 

error 

(SE/R) 

Confidence 

limits 

Variable 

Unweighted 

(N) 

Weighted 

(N') R-2SE R+2SE

Had 2+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.276 0.018 1,696 1,696 1.629 0.064 0.240 0.311 

Condom use at last sex 0.510 0.029 486 468 1.28 0.057 0.452 0.569 

Mean number of sexual 

partners in lifetime 10.918 0.766 1,513 1,519 1.886 0.070 9.385 12.45 

Had 5+ sexual partners in past 

12 months 0.016 0.004 1,696 1,696 1.158 0.222 0.009 0.023 

Had 10+ sexual partners in 

lifetime 0.297 0.019 1,696 1,696 1.741 0.065 0.258 0.336 

Ever paid for sexual 

intercourse 0.213 0.020 1,696 1,696 2.025 0.095 0.172 0.253 

Paid for sexual intercourse in 

past 12 months 0.071 0.008 1,696 1,696 1.334 0.118 0.054 0.087 

Used a condom at last paid 

sex 0.884 0.045 123 120 1.54 0.051 0.795 0.974 
55 

Appendix E. Data Quality Tables 

Table E.1. Household age distribution

Single-year age distribution of the de facto household population by sex (weighted), 2013 HSAPS 

Women Men 

Age Number Percent Number Percent

0 86 2.2 98 2.8 

1 105 2.7 90 2.6 

2 87 2.2 84 2.4 

3 105 2.7 102 2.9 

4 74 1.9 88 2.5 

5 84 2.1 73 2.1 

6 66 1.7 102 2.9 

7 65 1.7 70 2.0 

8 86 2.2 76 2.2 

9 84 2.2 78 2.2 

10 65 1.7 76 2.2 

11 70 1.8 74 2.1 

12 94 2.4 109 3.1 

13 107 2.7 108 3.1 

14 59 1.5 76 2.2 

15 76 1.9 70 2.0 

16 85 2.2 68 1.9 

17 89 2.3 90 2.6 

18 94 2.4 90 2.6 

19 77 2.0 65 1.9 

20 83 2.1 56 1.6 

21 67 1.7 61 1.8 

22 81 2.1 68 1.9 

23 90 2.3 67 1.9 

24 91 2.3 65 1.9 

25 73 1.9 71 2.0 

26 84 2.1 59 1.7 

27 83 2.1 73 2.1 

28 90 2.3 63 1.8 

29 57 1.5 49 1.4 

30 91 2.3 69 2.0 

31 52 1.3 43 1.2 

32 71 1.8 56 1.6 

33 65 1.7 54 1.5 

34 62 1.6 53 1.5 

35 78 2.0 55 1.6 

36 50 1.3 36 1.0 

37 42 1.1 37 1.0 

38 47 1.2 40 1.2 

(Continued...)
56 

Table E.1. – Continued

Women Men 

Age Number Percent Number Percent

39 50 1.3 37 1.0 

40 52 1.3 52 1.5 

41 34 0.9 22 0.6 

42 38 1.0 35 1.0 

43 22 0.6 35 1.0 

44 34 0.9 25 0.7 

45 25 0.6 24 0.7 

46 26 0.7 22 0.6 

47 26 0.7 30 0.9 

48 15 0.4 19 0.5 

49 22 0.6 15 0.4 

50 39 1.0 19 0.5 

51 28 0.7 27 0.8 

52 36 0.9 37 1.1 

53 47 1.2 35 1.0 

54 31 0.8 31 0.9 

55 29 0.8 35 1.0 

56 22 0.6 24 0.7 

57 18 0.5 12 0.3 

58 13 0.3 15 0.4 

59 20 0.5 10 0.3 

60 39 1.0 31 0.9 

61 16 0.4 7 0.2 

62 23 0.6 13 0.4 

63 18 0.5 6 0.2 

64 9 0.2 9 0.2 

65 20 0.5 21 0.6 

66 11 0.3 12 0.3 

67 18 0.5 9 0.2 

68 12 0.3 11 0.3 

69 3 0.1 3 0.1 

70+ 95 2.4 61 1.7 

Don't know/missing 2 0.1 0 0.0 

Total 3,911 100.0 3,506 100.0

Note: The de facto population includes all residents and nonresidents who stayed in the household the night 

before the interview. 
57 

Table E.2.1. Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women

De facto household population of women age 10-54, number and percent distribution of interviewed 

women age 15-49; and percentage of eligible women who were interviewed (weighted), by five-year age 

groups, 2013 HSAPS 

Household 

population of 

women age 10-54 

Interviewed women age 15-49 Percentage of 

eligible women 

Age group Number Percentage interviewed 

10-14 395 na na na 

15-19 421 418 20.0 99.2 

20-24 412 406 19.5 98.6 

25-29 387 381 18.2 98.4 

30-34 340 334 16.0 98.3 

35-39 267 264 12.6 98.8 

40-44 180 172 8.3 96.0 

45-49 114 111 5.3 97.5 

50-54 181 na na na 

 

15-49 2,120 2,086 100.0 98.4 

Note: The de facto population includes all residents and nonresidents who stayed in the household the 

night before the interview. Weights for both household population of women and interviewed women are 

household weights. Age is based on the household questionnaire. 

 na = Not applicable 

Table E.2.2. Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men

De facto household population of men age 10-54, number and percent distribution of interviewed men age 

15-49 and percent of eligible men who were interviewed (weighted), by five-year age groups, 2013 HSAPS

 Household 

population of men 

age 10-54 

Interviewed men age 15-49 Percentage of 

eligible men 

Age group Number Percentage interviewed 

10-14 443 na na na 

15-19 384 379 22.3 98.8 

20-24 317 301 17.7 94.8 

25-29 315 305 17.9 96.8 

30-34 274 257 15.1 93.6 

35-39 204 191 11.2 93.2 

40-44 168 163 9.6 96.9 

45-49 111 107 6.3 96.6 

50-54 149 na na na 

 

15-49 1,773 1,702 100.0 96.0 

Note: The de facto population includes all residents and nonresidents who stayed in the household the 

night before the interview. Weights for both household population of men and interviewed men are 

household weights. Age is based on the household questionnaire. 

na = Not applicable 
58 

Table E.3. Completeness of reporting

Percentage of observations missing information for selected demographic and health questions (weighted), 2013 

HSAPS 

Subject 

Percentage with 

information 

missing Number of cases 

Birth date Births in the 15 years preceding the survey 

Month only 0.05 2,348 

Month and Year 0.00 2,348 

 

Age at death Deceased children born in the 15 years 

preceding the survey 0.00 198 

 

Age/date at first union1

 Ever married women age 15-49 0.00 1,204 

Ever married men age 15-49 0.13 784 

 

Respondent's education All women age 15-49 0.00 2,033 

All men age 15-49 0.13 1,696 

1

 Both year and age missing 
59 

Appendix F. Personnel Involved in the 2013 Haiti Sexual 

Activity Pilot Survey 

Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE) 

Project Coordinators 

Michel Cayemittes, Director General 

Canez Alexandre, Survey Coordinator 

Grégory Charles, Financial Controller 

Rose-Marie Joseph Dorsainvil, Head Accountant 

Marie Aulina J. Anténor, Assistant Accountant 

Ertha Beaugé, Administrative Assistant 

Secretary 

Fédelande T. Viau, Executive Secretary 

National Consultant 

Jean Claude Darang, Cartographer 

Data Processing Staff 

Paul Bréa, Data Processing Supervisor 

Myrlande Noël, Data Processing Assistant 

Data Entry Operators 

Annuel Julien 

Emie Gabrielle 

Cherly Julmiste 

Isaac Homélus 

Jonathan Jacques Target 

Marie Myrtho Février 

Nathalie Cadet 

Pierre Modelet Clement 

Sophonie Aimable 

Stephania Noel 

William Adisson 

Office Editors 

Josue Pierre 

Magalie Emile Vincent 

Patricia Lamadieu Saint-Paulain 

Field Teams 

Supervisors

Claude Val 

Francz Casimir 

Clébert Guerrier 

Benjamen Joseph 

Jean Claude St fleur 

Marie Carmelle Valbrun Pierre 

Interviewers 

Ardilès David Brignol 

Anne Esther Variste 

Edwin Chardavoine 

Emmanuelle Casimir 
60 

Félix Dixon Clerger 

Guersley Chéry 

Guilene Estesias 

Johnson Mervil 

Kettia Jusmé Paul 

Madaline Noël 

Magdala Valmy 

Marie Marjorie Casséus Durandisse 

Marie Phara Bernard 

Marie Sonide Dorilma 

Marie Yolande Médor 

Mirlène Laurenceau 

Maulès Brignol 

Sherly Gay 

Sillet Francine Lazarre 

Sofia Olius 

Witchel Dorvilier 

Listing and Mapping Staff 

Estime Geroldine 

Flaubert Saint Hilaire 

Fritznel Rénélus 

Guetson Alexandre 

Jean Paul Nicolas 

Jonas Davilmar 

Lhérisson Darang 

Lironne Duperval 

Louis Gérard Alexis 

Lucner Augustin 

Marc Henry Régis 

Nelson Alexandre 

Drivers 

Boursiquot Georges 

Closel Noël 

Colimon Pierre 

Fritz Fontus 

Jean Dieuvet Civil 

Jean Yves Pilémond 

Ralph Joseph 

Roosevelt St-Vil 

Ronald Etienne 

Styve Estimé 

Support Staff

Assoul Daméus 

Daniel Exumé 

Jean Moster Benjamin 

Joseph Estésias 

Guirlande Dorléus 

Férère Exumé 

ICF International Inc. 

Technical Assistance 

Bernard Barrère, Survey design and coordination 

Joy Fishel, Coordination 

Sunita Kishor, Questionnaire design 

Kia Reinis, Questionnaire design 

Yodit Bekele, Questionnaire design, training, and field supervision 

Fatuma Michelle Busangu, Training and field supervision 

Ruilin Ren, Sample design 

Elisabeth Metellus, Training and field supervision 

Amadou Sow, Data processing 

Shawna Kelly, Data processin 
SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY

NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

601 YES, CURRENTLY MARRIED . . . . . 1

YES, CURRENTLY PLACÉE . . . . . . . 2

YES, CURRENTLY VIVAVEK . . . . . . . 3

YES, LIVING WITH A MAN . . . . . . . . . 4 604

NO, NOT IN UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

602 YES, FORMERLY MARRIED/PLACÉE

VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YES, LIVED WITH A MAN . . . . . . . . . 2

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 612

603 WIDOWED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

DIVORCED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 609

SEPARATED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

604 LIVING WITH HER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STAYING ELSEWHERE . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

605 RECORD THE HUSBAND'S/PARTNER'S NAME AND LINE NAME _____________________________

NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE.

IF HE IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'.

LINE NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

606 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 609

607

TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES 

AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

608

RANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

609 ONLY ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MORE THAN ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

610 CHECK 609 :

MARRIED/ MARRIED/

LIVED WITH A MAN LIVED WITH A MAN MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

ONLY ONCE MORE THAN ONCE

DON'T KNOW MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

DON'T KNOW YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 9998

611

AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

612

Including yourself, in total, how many wives or live-in partners does 

he have?

Are you currently married or living together with a man as if 

married?

Have you ever been married, placée, vivavek or lived together with a 

man as if married?

What is your marital status now: are you widowed, divorced, or 

separated?

Is your (husband/partner/monsieur) living with you now or is he 

staying elsewhere? 

Does your (husband/partner/monsieur) have other wives or does he 

live with other women as if married?

Are you the first, second, ... wife?

Have you been married, placée, vivavek or lived with a man only 

once or more than once?

In what month and year did 

you start living with your 

(husband/partner/monsieur)?

Now I would like to ask about 

your first (husband/partner). In 

what month and year did you 

start living with him?

How old were you when you first started living with him?

CHECK FOR THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS. BEFORE CONTINUING, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE 

PRIVACY.

61

Appendix G. Questionnaires

G.1 2012 HDHS Woman’s Questionnaire
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

613 NEVER HAD SEXUAL

INTERCOURSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 628

AGE IN YEARS . . . . . . . . . . .

FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED

LIVING WITH (FIRST)

HUSBAND/PARTNER . . . . . . . . . 95

614

615

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . 2

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE

RECORDED IN YEARS. MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . 3

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . 4 627

Now I would like to ask some questions about sexual activity in 

order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues.

How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first 

time?

Now I would like to ask you some questions about your recent sexual activity. Let me assure you again that your answers are 

completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. If we should come to any question that you don't want to answer, just let me 

know and we will go to the next question. 

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse?

62
616 DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2

MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3

617 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 619) (SKIP TO 619) (SKIP TO 619)

618 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

619

111

PARTNER/ FIANCÉ/ PARTNER/ FIANCÉ/ PARTNER/ FIANCÉ/

FRIEND NOT LIVING FRIEND NOT LIVING FRIEND NOT LIVING

IF " RENMEN","FIANCÉ", WITH RESPONDENT 2 WITH RESPONDENT 2 WITH RESPONDENT 2

BOYFRIEND, ASK: CASUAL CASUAL CASUAL 

ACQUAINTANCE . 3 ACQUAINTANCE . 3 ACQUAINTANCE . 3

CLIENT/PROSTITUTE 4 CLIENT/PROSTITUTE 4 CLIENT/PROSTITUTE 4

OTHER ______________ 5 OTHER ______________ 5 OTHER ______________ 5

IF YES, CIRCLE '1' (SPECIFY) (SPECIFY) (SPECIFY)

IF NO, CIRCLE '2' (SKIP TO 622) (SKIP TO 622) (SKIP TO 622)

620 CHECK 609 : MARRIED MARRIED MARRIED MARRIED MARRIED MARRIED

ONLY MORE ONLY MORE ONLY MORE

ONCE THAN ONCE THAN ONCE THAN 

ONCE ONCE ONCE

(SKIP (SKIP (SKIP

TO 622) TO 622) TO 622)

621 CHECK 613 : FIRST TIME WHEN FIRST TIME WHEN FIRST TIME WHEN

STARTED LIVING STARTED LIVING STARTED LIVING

WITH FIRST WITH FIRST WITH FIRST

HUSBAND OTHER HUSBAND OTHER HUSBAND OTHER

(SKIP TO 623) (SKIP TO 623) (SKIP TO 623)

622 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO 4 AGO 4 AGO 4

623 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF 

TIMES TIMES TIMES

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE.

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

624 AGE OF AGE OF AGE OF

PARTNER PARTNER PARTNER

DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98

625 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK TO 616 (GO BACK TO 616

IN NEXT COLUMN) IN NEXT COLUMN)

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(PASSEZ À 627) (PASSEZ À 627)

626

NUMBER OF

PARTNERS

LAST 12 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, . . . 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE.

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

LAST SECOND-TO-LAST THIRD-TO-LAST

SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with this person?

The last time you had sexual 

intercourse (with this second/third 

person), was a condom used?

Was a condom used every time you 

had sexual intercourse with this 

person in the last 12 months?

What was your relationship to this 

person with whom you had sexual 

intercourse?

HUSBAND/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

Apart from (this person/these two 

people), have you had sexual 

intercourse with any other person in 

the last 12 months?

In total, with how many different 

people have you had sexual 

intercourse in the last 12 months? 

MONTHS

HUSBAND/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

Were you living together as if 

married?

How long ago did you first have 

sexual intercourse with this 

(second/third) person?

How many times during the last 12 

months did you have sexual 

intercourse with this person?

How old is this person?

HUSBAND/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

63
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

627 NUMBER OF PARTNERS

IN LIFETIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 95 OR MORE,

WRITE '95'.

628 PRESENCE OF OTHERS DURING THIS SECTION YES NO

CHILDREN <10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

MALE ADULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

FEMALE ADULTS . . . . . . . . . 1 2

629 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 701

630 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . A

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE.

PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . C

SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . E

PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . F

(NAME OF PLACE(S)) PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC . . . . . . . H

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . J

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER L

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH OFFICE . M

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/ MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER . . . . . . . P

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q

PARENTS/ FRIENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . R

OTHER X

(SPECIFY)

631 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DON'T KNOW/UNSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom?

In total, with how many different people have you had sexual 

intercourse in your lifetime?

98

Do you know of a place where a person can get condoms?

Where is that?

Any other place?

64
SECTION 3. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY

NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

301 YES, CURRENTLY MARRIED . . . . . 1

YES, CURRENTLY PLACÉ . . . . . . . 2

YES, CURRENTLY VIVAVEK . . . . . 3

YES, LIVING WITH A WOMAN . . . . . 4 304

NO, NOT IN UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

302 YES, FORMERLY MARRIED

PLACÉ/VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YES, LIVED WITH A WOMAN . . . . . 2

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 313

303 WIDOWED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

DIVORCED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 310

SEPARATED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

304 LIVING WITH HIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STAYING ELSEWHERE . . . . . . . . . . 2

305 YES (MORE THAN ONE) . . . . . . . . . 1

NO (ONLY ONE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 307

306 TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES 

AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS . . .

307 CHECK 305 : 308

ONE WIFE/ MORE THAN

PARTNER ONE WIFE/

PARTNER 

LINE

NAME NUMBER AGE

____________

RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM

THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE 

AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. 

____________

IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, 

RECORD '00'. 

ASK 308 FOR EACH PERSON. ____________

____________

309 CHECK 307 :

MORE THAN

ONE WIFE/ ONE WIFE/

PARTNER PARTNER 311A

310 ONLY ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MORE THAN ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 311A

Altogether, how many wives or live-in partners do you have?

Are you currently married or living together with a woman as if 

married?

Have you ever been married or lived together with a woman as if 

married?

What is your marital status now: are you widowed, divorced, or 

separated?

Is your (wife/partner) living with you now or is she staying 

elsewhere?

Do you have other wives or do you live with other women as if 

married?

How old 

was 

(NAME) on 

her last 

birthday? Please tell me the name of 

(your wife/the woman you are 

living with as if married).

Please tell me the name of 

each of your wives or each 

woman you are living with as if 

married.

Have you been married or lived with a woman only once or more 

than once?

65

G.2 2012 HDHS Man’s Questionnaire
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

311

MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

311A

DON'T KNOW MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 9998

312

AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

313 CHECK FOR THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS.

BEFORE CONTINUING, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE PRIVACY.

314 NEVER HAD SEXUAL

INTERCOURSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 338

AGE IN YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . 

FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED

LIVING WITH (FIRST)

WIFE/PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

315

316

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . 2

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS.

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . 3

RECORDED IN YEARS.

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . 4 330

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse?

Now I would like to ask you some questions about your recent sexual activity. Let me assure you again that your answers are 

completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. If we should come to any question that you don't want to answer, just let me 

know and we will go to the next question.

In what month and year did you start living with your (wife/partner)?

Now I would like to ask about your first (wife/partner). In what 

month and year did you start living with her?

313

How old were you when you first started living with her?

Now I would like to ask some questions about sexual activity in 

order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues.

How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first 

time?

66
317 DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2

MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3

318 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 320) (SKIP TO 320) (SKIP TO 320)

319 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

320

111

PARTNER/ FIANCÉE PARTNER/ FIANCÉE PARTNER/ FIANCÉE

FRIEND NOT LIVING FRIEND NOT LIVING FRIEND NOT LIVING

IF "RENMEN", "VIVAVEK", WITH RESPONDENT 2 WITH RESPONDENT 2 WITH RESPONDENT 2

"FIANCÉE" OR "GIRLFRIEND", ASK: CASUAL CASUAL CASUAL 

ACQUAINTANCE . . . 3 ACQUAINTANCE . . . 3 ACQUAINTANCE . . . 3

PROSTITUTE/CLIENT 4 PROSTITUTE/CLIENT 4 PROSTITUTE/CLIENT 4

OTHER ______________ 45 OTHER ______________ 5 OTHER ______________ 5

IF YES, CIRCLE '1'. (SPECIFY) (SPECIFY) (SPECIFY)

IF NO, CIRCLE '2'. (SKIP TO 323) (SKIP TO 323) (SKIP TO 323)

321 CHECK 310 : MARRIEDMARRIED MARRIEDMARRIED MARRIEDMARRIED

ONLY MORE THAN ONLY MORE THAN ONLY MORE THAN

ONCE ONCE OR ONCE ONCE OR ONCE ONCE OR

310 NOT 310 NOT 310 NOT 

ASKED ASKED ASKED 

(SKIP TO 323) (SKIP TO 323) (SKIP TO 323)

322 CHECK 314 : FIRST TIME FIRST TIME FIRST TIME

WHEN STARTED WHEN STARTED WHEN STARTED

LIVING WITH OTHER LIVING WITH OTHER LIVING WITH OTHER

FIRST FIRST FIRST 

WIFE WIFE WIFE

(SKIP TO 324) (SKIP TO 324) (SKIP TO 324)

323 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO 4 AGO 4 AGO 4

324 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF 

TIMES TIMES TIMES

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE.

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

325 AGE OF AGE OF AGE OF

PARTNER PARTNER PARTNER

DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98

326 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK TO 317 (GO BACK TO 317

IN NEXT COLUMN) IN NEXT COLUMN)

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 328) (SKIP TO 328)

327 NUMBER OF

PARTNERS

LAST 12 

. . . 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . 

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

The last time you had sexual 

intercourse (with this second/third 

person), was a condom used? 

Was a condom used every time you 

had sexual intercourse with this 

person in the last 12 months?

What was your relationship to this 

person with whom you had sexual 

intercourse?

WIFE/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

WIFE/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

In total, with how many different 

people have you had sexual 

intercourse in the last 12 months? 

MONTHS

98

LAST

SEXUAL PARTNER

THIRD-TO-LAST

SEXUAL PARTNER

WIFE/PLACÉ/VIVAK/ 

PARTNER LIVING WITH 

RESPONDENT

How many times during the last 

12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with this person?

How long ago did you first have 

sexual intercourse with this 

(second/third) person?

How old is this person?

Apart from (this person/these two 

people), have you had sexual 

intercourse with any other person in 

the last 12 months?

Were you living together as if 

married?

SECOND-TO-LAST

SEXUAL PARTNER

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with this person?

67
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

328 CHECK 320 (ALL COLUMNS) : 

AT LEAST ONE PARTNER NO PARTNERS

IS PROSTITUTE ARE PROSTITUTES 330

329 CHECK 320 AND 318 (ALL COLUMNS) : 

CONDOM USED WITH 333

EVERY PROSTITUTE

OTHER

330 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 332

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

331 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 334

332 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 334

333 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

334 NUMBER OF PARTNERS

IN LIFETIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 95 OR MORE,

WRITE '95'.

335 CHECK 318, MOST RECENT PARTNER (FIRST COLUMN):

NOT

CONDOM ASKED 338

USED

NO CONDOM

USED 338

In total, with how many different people have you had sexual 

intercourse in your lifetime?

334

In the last 12 months, did you pay anyone in exchange for having 

sexual intercourse?

Have you ever paid anyone in exchange for having sexual 

intercourse?

The last time you paid someone in exchange for having sexual 

intercourse, was a condom used? 

Was a condom used during sexual intercourse every time you paid 

someone in exchange for having sexual intercourse in the last 12 

months?

68
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

337 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . 11

PROBE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOURCE. HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE 

SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . 21

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . 23

(NAME OF PLACE) PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . 24

PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . . . 31

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/ 338A

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . 33

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER42

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH OFFICE 43

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/ MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER . . . . . . . 53

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

PARENTS/ FRIENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

OTHER 96

(SPECIFY)

338 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 401

338A Aside from the place you mentioned, do you know any other places 

where a person can get condoms?

From where did you obtain the condom the last time? 

Do you know of a place where a person can get condoms?

69
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

339 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . A

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE. PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC . . . . . C

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D

SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . E

PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . F

PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G

(NAME OF PLACE(S))

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . . . H

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . J

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER L

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH OFFICE M

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/ MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER. . . . . . . . . P

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q

PARENTS/ FRIENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . R

OTHER X

(SPECIFY)

340 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Any other place?

If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom?

Where is that?

70
SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY

NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

600A

600B NEVER HAD SEXUAL

INTERCOURSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00

AGE IN YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . 

FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED

LIVING WITH FIRST

HUSBAND/PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

601 YES, CURRENTLY MARRIED . . . . . . . . 1

YES, CURRENTLY PLACÉE . . . . . . . . 2

YES, CURRENTLY VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . 3

YES, LIVING WITH A MAN . . . . . . . . . . 4 613

NO, NOT IN UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

602 YES, FORMERLY MARRIED/PLACÉE

VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YES, LIVED WITH A MAN . . . . . . . . . . 2 618

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

603 CHECK 600B: EVER HAD SEXUAL INTERCOURSE?

HAS HAD NEVER HAD

SEXUAL SEXUAL 651

INTERCOURSE INTERCOURSE

604

605

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IF YEARS AGO, PROBE:

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 3

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS.

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4 649

RECORDED IN YEARS.

606 BOYFRIEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CASUAL ACQUAINTANCE . . . . . . . . . . 2

CLIENT/PROSTITUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

PROBE:

OTHER 6

(SPECIFY)

607 How old is he?

AGE OF PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

608 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 610

609 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

610

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PROBE: WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 3

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4

How long ago was that?

Who did you have sexual intercourse with the last time?

What is your relationship to him?

CHECK FOR THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS. BEFORE CONTINUING, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE PRIVACY.

Now I would like to ask some questions about sexual activity in 

order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues.

How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very 

first time?

The last time you had sexual intercourse with him, was a condom 

used?

Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with him in 

the last 12 months?

When did you first have sexual intercourse with him?

Are you currently married or living together with a man as if married?

Have you ever been married, placée, vivavek or lived together with a 

man as if married?

Now I would like to ask you some questions about your recent sexual activity. Let me assure you again that your 

answers are completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. If we should come to any question that you don't 

want to answer, just let me know and we will go to the next question. 

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with anyone?

Have you had sexual intercourse with anyone in the last 12 months?

71

G.3 2013 HSAPS Woman’s Questionnaire
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

611

NUMBER OF

TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

612

YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 639B

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 649

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE.

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

How many times during the last 12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with him?

So far, we have been speaking about your most recent sexual partner. 

Now I want to speak with you about other sexual partners you have 

had in the last 12 months. Have you had sexual intercourse with any 

other person in the last 12 months?

72
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

613 LIVING WITH HER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STAYING ELSEWHERE . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

614 NAME _____________________________

LINE NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

615 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 620

616

TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES 

AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

617

RANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

618 WIDOWED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

DIVORCED 2

SEPARATED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

619 CHECK 618:

WIDOWED DIVORCED/

SEPARATED MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 1 ...

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2 ...

620 ONLY ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MORE THAN ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

621 CHECK 620: NUMBER OF TIMES MARRIED/LIVED 

WITH A MAN

MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

ONLY ONCE MORE THAN ONCE

DON'T KNOW MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

YEAR ........................ 623

DON'T KNOW YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 9998

622

AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

623 CHECK 601 AND 618: MARITAL STATUS

DIVORCED, MARRIED, PLACÉE, VIVAVEK/

SEPARATED, OR LIVING TOGETHER 633

WIDOWED

Are you the first, second ... wife?

What is your marital status now: are you widowed, divorced, or 

separated?

Now I would like to ask about your first 

(husband/partner/ "monsieur"). In what 

month and year did you start living with 

him?

Have you been married, placée, vivavek or lived with a man only once 

or more than once?

How old were you when you first started living with him?

RECORD THE HUSBAND'S/PARTNER'S/MONSIEUR'S NAME 

AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE. 

IF HE IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'.

Including yourself, in total, how many wives or live-in partners does he 

have?

In what month and year did 

you start living with your 

(husband/partner/ 

"monsieur")?

IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, RECORD "00".

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

How long ago did your 

husband die?

How long ago did you get 

(divorced/separated)?

Is your (husband/partner/monsieur) living with you now or is he staying 

elsewhere?

Does your (husband/partner/monsieur) have other wives or does he 

live with other women as if married?

73
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

624

625

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IF YEARS AGO, PROBE:

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . 3

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4 649

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE

RECORDED IN YEARS.

626 BOYFRIEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CASUAL ACQUAINTANCE . . . . . . . . . . 2

CLIENT/PROSTITUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

PROBE: LATE HUSBAND/LATE PARTNER . . . 4 627B

EX- HUSBAND/EX-PARTNER . . . . . . . . 5 627C

OTHER 6 

(SPECIFY)

627A

627B AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

627C How old was your ex-husband/ex-parnter at that time? DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

628 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 630

629 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

630

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

PROBE:

MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . 3

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4

631

NUMBER OF

TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

632 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 639B

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 649

The last time you had sexual intercourse with him, was a condom 

used?

How long ago was that?

How many times during the last 12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with him?

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. IF 

NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

When did you first have sexual intercourse with him?

What is your relationship to him?

How old was your late husband/late partner at that time?

Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with him in 

the last 12 months?

So far we have been speaking about your most recent sexual partner. 

Now I want to speak with you about other sexual partners you have 

had in the last 12 months. Have you had sexual intercourse with any 

other person in the last 12 months?

Now I would like to ask you some questions about your recent sexual activity. Let me assure you again that your 

answers are completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. if we should come to any question that you don't 

want to answer, just let me know and we will go to the next question. 

Have you had sexual intercourse with anyone in the last 12 months?

Who did you have sexual intercourse with the last time?

How old is he?

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with anyone?

74
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

633

634 CHECK 620: NUMBER OF TIMES MARRIED/LIVED WITH A MAN

ONLY ONCE MORE THAN ONCE

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . 3

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE

RECORDED IN YEARS. YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4 639

635 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 637

636 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

637 CHECK 620: NUMBER OF TIMES MARRIED/LIVED WITH A MAN

ONLY ONCE MORE THAN ONCE DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . 3

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS.

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE

RECORDED IN YEARS.

638

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. NUMBER OF

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'. TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

639

YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 649

639A CHECK 620: NUMBER OF TIMES MARRIED/LIVED WITH A MAN

ONLY ONCE MORE THAN ONCE

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2

MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 3

639B

When was the first time you had 

sexual intercourse with your current 

husband/partner/ "monsieur"? 

How many times during the last 12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with him?

So far we have been speaking about your (husband/partner/ 

"monsieur"). Now I want to speak with you about other sexual partners 

you may have had in the last 12 months. Let me assure you again that 

no one else will know what you tell me. 

Apart from your current (husband/partner/ "monsieur"), have you 

had sexual intercourse with any other person in the last 12 

months? 

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with someone 

other than your current 

husband/partner/ "monsieur"?

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this other 

person?

Now I will ask you some questions about sexual relations with your husband. Let me assure you again that your 

answers are completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. If we should come to any question that you don't 

want to answer, just let me know and we will go to the next question. 

The last time you had sexual intercourse with him, was a condom 

used?

Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with him in 

the last 12 months?

When was the last time you 

had sexual intercourse with 

your husband/partner/ 

"monsieur"? 

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with your 

current husband/partner/ 

"monsieur"?

When did you first have 

sexual intercourse with your 

husband/partner/ 

"monsieur"? 

When was the last time you 

had sexual intercourse with 

someone other than your 

husband/partner/"monsieur" ?

75
640 BOYFRIEND . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 BOYFRIEND . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CASUAL CASUAL 

ACQUAINTANCE . . . . . . . . 2 ACQUAINTANCE . . . . . . . . 2

CLIENT/PROSTITUTE . . . . . . 3 CLIENT/PROSTITUTE . . . . . . 3

LATE HUSBAND/ LATE HUSBAND/

LATE PARTNER . . . . . . . . 4 LATE PARTNER . . . . . . . . 4

(SKIP TO 641B) (SKIP TO 641B)

EX-HUSBAND/ EX-HUSBAND/

EX-PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . 5 EX-PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . 5

(SKIP TO 641C) (SKIP TO 641C)

OTHER 6 OTHER 6

(SPECIFY) (SPECIFY)

641A

AGE OF AGE OF

641B PARTNER . . . . . . PARTNER . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

641C

642

DAYS AGO ....... 1

WEEKS AGO ... 2

MONTHS AGO ... 3

643 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 645) (SKIP TO 645)

644 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

645

DAYS AGO ....... 1 DAYS AGO ....... 1

WEEKS AGO ... 2 WEEKS AGO ... 2

PROBE:

MONTHS AGO ... 3 MONTHS AGO ... 3

YEARS AGO ... 4 YEARS AGO ... 4

646 NUMBER NUMBER

OF TIMES . . . . . . OF TIMES . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

647 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK TO 640 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

IN NEXT COLUMN) (SKIP TO 649)

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 649)

648

NUMBER OF

PARTNERS

LAST

12 MONTHS

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE.

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . 

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

Have you had sexual intercourse with anyone 

else in the last 12 months?

Including the three you have told me about, 

with how many other persons have you had 

sexual intercourse in the last 12 months? 

98

How old was your ex-husband/ex-partner at 

that time?

When was the last time you had sexual 

intercourse with him?

The last time you had sexual intercourse with 

him, was a condom used?

Was a condom used every time you had 

sexual intercourse with him in the last 12 

months?

When did you first have sexual intercourse 

with him?

How long ago was that?

How many times during the last 12 months did 

you have sexual intercourse with him?

 IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO 

GET AN ESTIMATE. IF NUMBERO FO 

TIMES IS 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'.

OTHER PARTNERS

PARTNER 1 PARTNER 2

What is your relationship to this person?

How old is this person?

How old was your late husband/partner at that 

time?

76
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

649 NUMBER OF PARTNERS

IN LIFETIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 95 OR MORE,

WRITE '95'.

650 PRESENCE OF OTHERS DURING THIS SECTION YES NO

CHILDREN <10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

MALE ADULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

FEMALE ADULTS . . . . . . . . . 1 2

651 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 901

652 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . A

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE.

PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC . . . . . C

SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . E

PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . F

PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC . . . . . . . H

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . J

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER L

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH OFFICE . M

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/ MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER . . . . . . . P

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q

PARENTS/ FRIENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . R

OTHER X

(SPECIFY)

653 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DON'T KNOW/UNSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

In total, with how many different pesons have you had sexual 

intercourse in your lifetime?

98

Do you know of a place where a person can get condoms?

Where is that? 

Any other place?

If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom?

(NAME OF PLACE(S))

77
SECTION 4. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY

NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

400A CHECK FOR THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS.

BEFORE CONTINUING, MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE PRIVACY.

400B NEVER HAD SEXUAL

INTERCOURSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00

AGE IN YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . 

FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED

LIVING WITH (FIRST)

WIFE/PARTNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

401 YES, CURRENTLY MARRIED . . . . . . 1

YES, CURRENTLY PLACÉ . . . . . . . . 2

YES, CURRENTLY VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . 3

YES, LIVING WITH A WOMAN . . . . . . 4 406

NO, NOT IN UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

402 YES, FORMERLY MARRIED/

PLACÉ/VIVAVEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YES, LIVED WITH A WOMAN . . . . . . . . 2 404

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

403 CHECK 400B: HAD SEXUAL INTERCOURSE?

HAD SEXUAL NEVER HAD

INTERCOURSE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE 454

( SKIP TO 413)

404 WIDOWED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

DIVORCED 2

SEPARATED 3 405B

405A

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

405B

WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 2 410

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE 

RECORDED IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . 3

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE

RECORDED IN YEARS. YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 4

406 LIVING WITH HIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STAYING ELSEWHERE . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

407 YES (MORE THAN ONE) . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO (ONLY ONE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 409

408 TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES 

AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS . . . . . .

409 CHECK 407:

MORE THAN

ONE WIFE/ ONE WIFE/

PARTNER PARTNER 411B

410 ONLY ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MORE THAN ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 411B

411A

MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

411B

DON'T KNOW MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 

DON'T KNOW YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . 9998

412

AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Have you been married or lived with a woman only once or more 

than once?

In what month and year did you start living with your (wife/partner)?

Are you currently married or living together with a woman as if 

married?

Have you ever been married or lived together with a woman as if 

married?

What is your marital status now: are you widowed, divorced, or 

separated? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

How long ago did you get divorced/separated?

Now I would like to ask some questions about sexual activity in 

order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues.

How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first 

time?

Now I would like to ask about your first (wife/partner). In what month 

and year did you start living with her?

413

How old were you when you first started living with her?

How long ago did you wife die?

Is your (wife/placé/vivavek/partner) living with you now or is she 

staying elsewhere?

Do you have more than one wife/placé/vivavek/partner or woman 

you live with as if married?

Altogether, how many wives/placés/vivaveks/partners or women 

you live with as if married do you have?

78

G.4 2013 HSAPS Man’s Questionnaire
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

413

414

DAYS AGO . . . . . . . . . . 1

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED WEEKS AGO . . . . . . . . . 2

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS.

IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE MONTHS AGO . . . . . . . . . 3

RECORDED IN YEARS.

YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . 4 446

415 CHECK 401: 

MARRIED OR NOT IN

LIVING TOGETHER UNION 427B

416 CHECK 407: MORE THAN ONE WIFE

 

NO YES

(ONE WIFE ONLY) (MORE THAN ONE WIFE) 417B

Now I would like to ask you some questions about your recent sexual activity. Let me assure you again that your 

answers are completely confidential and will not be told to anyone. If we should come to any question that you don't 

want to answer, just let me know and we will go to the next question.

When was the last time you had sexual intercourse?

79
417A

417B

418

419 NAME NAME NAME

HH HH HH

LINE LINE LINE

NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER

420 AGE OF AGE OF AGE OF 

WIFE WIFE WIFE

DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . 98

421 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO 4 AGO 4 AGO 4

(IF YEARS AGO (IF YEARS AGO (IF YEARS AGO

SKIP TO 426) SKIP TO 426) SKIP TO 426)

422 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TP 424) (SKIP TO 424) (SKIP TO 424)

423 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

424 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

PROBE: MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO 4 AGO 4 AGO 4

425 NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER

OF TIMES OF TIMES OF TIMES

DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . 98

426 CHECK 419: YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK TO 420 (GO BACK TO 420 (GO BACK TO 420 IN

ANOTHER WIFE? IN NEXT COLUMN) IN NEXT COLUMN) THE FIRST COLUMN OF

NEW QUESTIONNAIRE)

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 427A)

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. IF 

NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR 

MORE, WRITE '95'.

ENTER IN THE TABLE THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSHELD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH 

WIFE/WOMAN. ASK THE QUESTIONS ABOUT ALL WIVES/WOMEN, STARTING WITH THE WOMAN IN THE FIRST COLUMN. 

IF THERE ARE MORE THAN THREE WIVES/WOMEN, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRES.

IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. 

NAME AND HOUSEHOLD LINE 

NUMBER FROM THE 

HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE.

How old was (NAME) on her last 

birthday?

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with (NAME)?

Please tell me the name of (your wife/placé/vivavek/the woman you are living with as if married).

Please tell me the name of each of (your wives /placé/vivavek/woman you are living with as if married).

FIRST SECOND THIRD

WIFE/WOMAN WIFE/WOMAN WIFE/WOMAN

The last time you had sexual 

intercourse with (NAME), was a 

condom used?

Was a condom used every time you 

had sexual intercourse with (NAME)?

When did you first have sexual 

intercourse with (NAME)?

How long ago was that?

How many times during the last 

12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with (NAME)? 

80
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

427A

IF NO, PROBE:

YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 428A

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 435

427B

IF NO, PROBE:

Now I would like to ask you about different types of sexual partners 

you may have had recently. In the last 12 months, have you had sex 

with a prostitute?

Let me assure you again that anything you tell me is 

completely confidential and will not be told to anyone else. In 

the last 12 months, did you pay anyone in exchange for having 

sexual intercourse?

Now I want to ask you about other types of sexual partners you may 

have had recently. In the last 12 months, have you had sex with a 

prostitute?

Let me assure you again that anything you tell me is completely 

confidential and will not be told to anyone else. In the last 12 

months, did you pay anyone in exchange for having sexual 

intercourse?

81
428A

DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO ... 1 AGO ... 1 AGO ... 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO ... 2 AGO ... 2 AGO ... 2

MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

428B AGO ... 3 AGO ... 3 AGO ... 3

429 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 431) (SKIP TO 431) (SKIP TO 431)

430 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

431 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO ... 1 AGO ... 1 AGO ... 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO ... 2 AGO ... 2 AGO ... 2

PROBE MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO ... 3 AGO ... 3 AGO ... 3

YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO ... 4 AGO ... 4 AGO ... 4

432 NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER

OF TIMES....... OF TIMES....... OF TIMES.......

DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . 98

433 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK TO 428B (GO BACK TO 428B

IN NEXT COLUMN) IN NEXT COLUMN) NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (SKIP TO 435)

(SKIP TO 435) (SKIP TO 435)

433A YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

434

NUMBER OF

PROSTITUTES/

PEOPLE PAID

FOR SEX IN

MONTHS . . . 

DON'T KNOW . . . 

LAST SECOND-TO-LAST THIRD-TO-LAST

PAID PAID PAID

SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER

When was the last time you had 

sex with a prostitute or the last 

time that you paid someone for 

sexual intercourse?

When was the last time you had 

sex with this other prostitute or 

this other person that you paid to 

have sex with?

The last time you had sexual 

intercourse with this person, was a 

condom used?

98

Was a condom used every time you 

had sexual intercourse with this 

person?

When did you first have sexual 

intercourse with this person?

How long ago was that?

How many times during the last 

12 months did you have sexual 

intercourse with this person?

Have you had sexual 

intercourse with another 

prostitute or paid anyone else 

to have sexual intercourse in 

the past 12 months?

Was a condom used every time you 

had sex with a prostitute or paid 

someone in exchange for having 

sexual intercourse in the last 12 

months? 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. 

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR 

MORE, WRITE '95'. 

LAST 12 

Including the three you have told 

me about, with how many 

different prostitutes did you have 

sex or how many different 

persons did you pay to have sex 

with in the last 12 months?

82
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

435 CHECK 401: 

MARRIED OR NOT IN 

LIVING TOGETHER UNION 436B

436A

YES 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 447

436B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

So far I have asked you about having sexual intercourse with 

your (partner/wife) as well as with prostitutes or people you may 

have paid for sex. Now, I want to ask you about other partners 

you may have had sexual intercourse with in the last 12 months. 

Have you had sexual intercourse with anyone else in the last 12 

months?

So far I have asked you about having sexual intercourse with 

prostitutes or persons you have paid for sexual intercourse. Now, 

I want to ask you about other partners you may have had sexual 

intercourse with in the last 12 months. Have you had sexual 

intercourse with anyone else in the last 12 months?

83
437 GIRLFRIEND. . . . . . . . 1 GIRLFRIEND. . . . . . . . . 1 GIRLFRIEND. . . . . . . . . 1

CASUAL CASUAL CASUAL 

ACQUAINTANCE ... 2 ACQUAINTANCE ... 2 ACQUAINTANCE ... 2

EX-WIFE/ EX-WIFE/ EX-WIFE/ 

EX-PARTNER ....... 3 EX-PARTNER . . . 3 EX-PARTNER . . . . 3

(SKIP TO 438B) (SKIP TO 438B) (SKIP TO 438B)

LATE WIFE/ LATE WIFE/ LATE WIFE/

LATE PARTNER ... 4 LATE PARTNER ... 4 LATE PARTNER ... 4

(SKIP TO 438C) (SKIP TO 438C) (SKIP TO 438C)

 OTHER 66 OTHER 6 OTHER 6

 SPECIFY SPECIFY SPECIFY

438A How old is this person?

AGE OF AGE OF AGE OF

438B PARTNER ... PARTNER . . PARTNER ....

DON'T KNOW . . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . . . 98

438C

439 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

440 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

(SKIP TO 442) (SKIP TO 442) (SKIP TO 442)

441 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

442 DAYS DAYS DAYS

AGO 1 AGO 1 AGO 1

WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS

AGO 2 AGO 2 AGO 2

PROBE: MONTHS MONTHS MONTHS

AGO 3 AGO 3 AGO 3

YEARS YEARS YEARS

AGO 4 AGO 4 AGO 4

443 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF 

TIMES ......... TIMES .......... TIMES ..........

DON'T KNOW . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . 98 DON'T KNOW . . . . 98

444 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(GO BACK 437 (GO BACK TO 437

IN NEXT COLUMN IN NEXT COLUMN) NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (SKIP TO 447)

(SKIP TO 447) (SKIP TO 447)

445

NUMBER OF OTHER

PARTNERS

LAST 12 

MONTHS ........

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . . 

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 

95 OR MORE, WRITE '95'. (GO TO 447)

LAST SECOND-TO-LAST THIRD-TO-LAST

OTHER OTHER OTHER 

When was the last time you had 

sexual intercourse with (this 

person/her)?

The last time you had sexual 

intercourse with (this person/her), 

was a condom used?

When did you first have sexual 

intercourse with this woman?

How long ago was that?

How many times during the last 12 

months did you have sexual 

intercourse with her?

IF NUMBER OF TIMES IS 95 OR 

MORE, WRITE '95'. 

Including the three you have told 

me about, with how many other 

persons have you had sexual 

intercourse in the last 12 months? 

98

SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNER

Have you had sexual intercourse 

with anyone else in the last 12 

months?

How old was your ex-wife/expartner at that time?

How old was your late wife/late 

partner at that time?

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, 

PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. 

Was a condom used every time you 

had sexual intercourse with (this 

person/her)? 

What is your relationship with 

this partner?

84
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

446 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 449

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 448

447 CHECK 427A AND 427B: 

DID NOT HAD SEX

HAVE SEX WITH WITH A

 A PROSTITUTE PROSTITUTE

IN PAST IN PAST 450

12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS

448 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 450

449 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 450

449A YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

450 NUMBER OF PARTNERS

IN LIFETIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. DON'T KNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS 95 OR MORE,

WRITE '95'.

451 CHECK FOR CONDOM USE WITH ALL PARTNERS: 422 (ALL COLUMNS),

 429 (ALL COLUMNS), 440 (ALL COLUMNS) , AND 449

NOT

ASKED 454

CONDOM NO CONDOM

USED WITH AT USED WITH ANY

LEAST ONE PARTNER PARTNER 454

453 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . 11

PROBE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOURCE. HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE 

SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . . 21

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . . 23

(NAME OF PLACE) PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . 24

PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . . . . 31

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 454A

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . . 33

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER42

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH

OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

BAR 52

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER. . . . . . . . . . 53

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

PARENTS/FRIENDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

OTHER 96

(SPECIFY)

From where did you obtain the condom the last time?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

In the last 12 months, did you pay anyone in exchange for having 

sexual intercourse?

Have you ever paid anyone in exchange for having sexual 

intercourse?

The last time you paid someone in exchange for having sexual 

intercourse, was a condom used? 

In total, with how many different people have you had sexual 

intercourse in your lifetime?

Was a condom used during sexual intercourse every time you paid 

someone in exchange for having sexual intercourse in the last 12 

months?

85
No QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CATEGORIES SKIP

454 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 901

454A

455 PUBLIC MEDICAL SECTOR

STATE/GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL . A

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR

PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE. PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC . . . . . C

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE SECTOR, DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D

WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . . E

PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE . . . . . F

PHARMACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G

(NAME OF PLACE(S))

MIXED MEDICAL SECTOR

MIXED HOSPITAL/CLINIC. . . . . . . . . . H

HEALTH CENTER (CAL/CSL)/

DISPENSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC . . . . . . . . J

NON INSTITUTIONAL MEDICAL SECTOR

MOBILE CLINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K

FIELDWORKER/HEALTH PROMOTER L

MIDWIFE/MATRON WITH OFFIC . . . M

OTHER NON-MEDICAL SOURCE

SHOP/MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

BAR O

AUTOMATIC DISPENSER. . . . . . . . . . P

SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q

PARENTS/FRIENDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . R

OTHER X

(SPECIFY)

456 YES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Do you know of a place where a person can get condoms?

Where is that? 

Any other place?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom?

Aside from the place you mentioned, do you know any other places 

where a person can get condoms?

86