GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR ~21 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF 

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN THE 

WEST SOUTH·CENTRAL STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, J. R. Avrett, B. Irelan, G. A. Billingsley, and T. B. Dover 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 221 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN THE 

WEST SOUTH-CENTRAL STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, J. R. Avrett, B. Irelan, G. A. Billingsley, and T. B. Dover 

Washington, D. C., 195? 

Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction .... , . . . . . . • . . • . . 1 

Arkansas .. • . • • • . • . • . • . • . . 3 -24 

Arkadeiphia... • . • . . • • . • . . 3 

Blytheville • • • . • . • . • . • • • . • 4 

Camden • . • . • . • • • . • • • . • . . 5 

Conway • • • . • . • • . • . . . • . . . 6 

El Dorado • . . • • . • • • . • . • • . 7 

Fayetteville...... . • . • . • . . 8 

Forrest City • . • • . . • • • • • . . 9 

Fort Smith. • • . • . • . • . • . • . . 10 

Helena • . • . • . . • . • . . • • . • • . 11 

Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 12 

Hot Springs . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 13 

Jonesboro . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . 14 

Little Rock . . • . . . . . . • . . . . 15 

Magnolia • . . . . . .. . • . • . . . . . 16 

Malvern • • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • 17 

North Little Rock. . . . • • . . . 17 

Paragould . . . . . . • . . . • . . • . 18 

Pine Bluff . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . 19 

Russellville . • • . . . • . • . . . . . 20 

Stuttgart • . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . 21 

Texarkana . . • • . • . . . . . . . . . 22 

West Memphis • • . • . . . . . . . 23 

Louisiana . • . . . . . . • . . . . . • 24-40 

Alexandria . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 24 

Bastrop . • . . . . . . . . • . • . • . . 26 

Baton Rouge . . . • . . • . . . • . . 27 

Bogalusa • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . 29 

Bossier City . . • . . . • . • . . . . 29 

Crowley .•. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 

Gretna . . . • . . • . • . • . . . . . . 31 

Jefferson Parish ..•. 0 • • • • 3 2 

Lafayette . • . . • . • • . . • . • . . . 33 

Lake Charles . • • • . • • • • . . . 34 

Monroe . • . . . . • • . . . . • • . . • 35 

New Iberia . . . • . . • . • • . . . 36 

New Orleans . . • . • . • . • . • • 37 

Shreveport . • . • . • . • . • • . . . 3 9 

Oklahoma . • • • . . . • . • • • . . . 40-60 

Ada . • . . • . . • • • • . • . . . • . • . 40 

Ardmore • . • . . . • . . • . • . . . • 41 

Bartlesville . . . • . . • . • • . . • 42 

Chickasha . • . . • • . . . . . • . . • 43 

Duncan . • • • . • . • • • . • . • • . . 44 

El Reno . • . • . • . . . . • . • . . . . 45 

Enid • . . • • . . • . • . • . • . • . . • 46 

Lawton . . . • • . . . • . • . • . . . • 47 

McAlester • • • . . . . . • . • . • . 48 

Miami •.••••.•••..•••.•.. 49 

Muskogee • • . . • . . • . • . • • . 50 

Norman • . • . . • • • . . . . • . • . 51 

Oklahoma City • . • . • • • . . . 52 

Okmulgee • • • • . • . • . • • • • • . 53 

Ponca City . . • • • • . . • • • • . 54 

SapUlpa • • • • • • . • . . • . • • • . 55 

Seminole • . . • • • • • • • . • . . . 56 

Page 

Oklahoma--Continued 

Shawnee . • . • . • . . .. . • . . . • • . . 57 

Stillwater . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 58 

Tulsa . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 59 

Texas . . . . • . • . . . . . . • . • • . 60-123 

Abilene. . . . • . • . . • . • . . • • • . . 60 

Alice . . . . . . • . . . • . • . . . • . . • 62 

Amarillo . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . • 63 

Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • 65 

Baytown . . • . . . • . • . • . . . • . . . 66 

Beaumont . . . . . • . . • . . . • • . . 67 

Big Spring . . . • . . . . • • . . • . • • 68 

Borger . . • . . . . . • . • . . . . . • • . 70 

Brownsville . . . • . . • . . • . • . • 71 

Brownwood • . . . • . . . • . . . . . . 72 

Bryan . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • 73 

Cleburne • . . . . . . • . . • . . . . • . 'i 4 

Corpus Christi . . . • . . . . • . . . 7 5 

Corsicana . • . . . . . • • • . . • . . • 77 

Dallas . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . 78 

Del Rio . . . • . • . . • . • . . . . . . . 80 

Denison . . • • . . . . • . • . . . . • • . 81 

Denton . • • • . • • . • . • . . • . . . . 82 

El Paso . . . . . . • • • • . . . . . • . . 83 

Fort Worth . . . . • . . . . . • . • . . 85 

Galveston . . . . . • • . . • • • . • • • 87 

Grand Prairie . . • . • • . . . . • . 88 

Greenville • • . . . • . • . • . • • • . • 89 

Harlingen . • . . . • . • . . . • • • • . 90 

Houston • . • • . . • . . • . . . • • . . . 91 

Kingsville . • . . • • • . • . • . . . . • 93 

Laredo . . • • . . • . • . • • • • • • • . 94 

Longview • . • • . . • • . . • . . . • • • 95 

Lubbock . • . . • . . • • • • • . . • • . 96 

Lufkin . . • . • . . • . . . • . • • • • • • 98 

McAllen • • . . • • • • • • • . • . . . • 99 

Marshall . • . . . • • • . . • • • • • • 100 

Midlllnd • .. .. • • . . • .. . • • . 101 

Odessa • • • . . . • • • . • . • . . • 102 

Orange . . • • . . . • • • . • • • • • • • 103 

Pampa • • . • • . . • . • • • • • • . • • 104 

Paris .... 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 • • • • • • • 10 5 

Pasadena • . . • . • • • • . • . • . • 106 

Plainview • • . . • • . • • • • . . • • 107 

Port Arthur . . • . • • • . . • . • • 108 

San Angelo . • . • • • . • • • • . • • 109 

San Antonio • . • • • • • • . . • . • 110 

San Benito . • . . • • . • • • . • • . • 111 

Sherman . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • 112 

Sweetwater . . . • • • • • • . • . . 113 

Temple • • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • 114 

Texarkana • . . • • . • • • . • • • • 115 

Texas City . . . • . .. • .. . . • • 116 

Tyler • . . • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • . 117 

University Park • • • • . . • . . 119 

Victoria • • . . • . • • • . • . • • • • 120 

Waco . . . • . • • • . • . • • • . • • • • 121 

m 
CONTENTS--Continued 

Page Page 

Texas--Continued 

West University Place 0 0 0 0 122 Wichita Falls o o o o o o o o o o ••••• 123 

ILLUSTRATION 

Figure 1. Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine 

circulars on the industrial utility of public water supplies of 

the United States, 1952o The shaded portion represents the 

section of the country covered by this circular o o o ••• o •••••••• o • 2 

IV 
THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN 

THE WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, J. R. Avrett, B. Irelan, 

G. A. Billingsley, and T. B. Dover 

INTRODUCTION 

The location of indusjrial plants is dependent on an ample water supply of 

suitable quality. Information relating to the chemical characteristics of the water 

supplies is not only essential to the location of many plants but is also an aid in the 

manufacture and distribution of many commodities. 

Public water supplies are utilized extensively as a source of supply for many 

industrial plants, used either as delivered for domestic consumption or with further treatment if necessary to meet specific needs of the plant, such as water for 

processing, cooling, and steam generation. The industrial use of water in the 

United States in 1950 was estimated to be more than 75 billion gallons per day 

from private sources. In addition, about 6 billion gallons per day was estimated 

to be taken from public water supplies. 

U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 658, "The industrial utility of 

public water supplies in the United States, 1932" contains information pertaining 

to the public water supplies of 670 of the larger cities throughout the United 

States. This report, which is still in print and being distributed, has filled an 

important need in the field of water-supply engineering. The demand for more 

up-to-date information and more extended coverage has led to studies by the Geological Survey for revision of the information contained in the 1932 report. The 

revised report, which will include data pertaining to public water supplies of more 

than 1, 200 cities in the United States, will eventually be published as a Geological 

Survey Water-Supply Paper. ·However, in order that the information might be 

available at the earliest possible time, nine preliminary reports are being issued 

which give data on the larger cities in each state. These nine reports are being 

released as Geological Survey Circulars, each covering a group of states as delineated by the Bureau of Census in taking the census of the population of the country. (See fig. 1). The reports give descriptive information and analytical data for 

approximately three-fourths of the cities that will be included in the final report 

for each of the states. 

This circular is the fourth of the series and includes data for the States of 

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. (See fig. 1). The report gives the 

_population (1950) of the city, population served, ownership, sources and treatment 

of supplies, capacity of treatment plants, storage facilities for both raw and finished waters, and chemical analyses of the water for 22 cities in Arkansas, 14 in 

Louisiana, 20 in Oklahoma, and 54 in Texas. The data for each city are essentially the same as will appear in the complete report for the whole country. 

Data for the supplies in Arkansas were compiled under the direction of G. A. 

Billingsley, .district chemist, Fayetteville, Ark. ; in Louisiana and Texas by J. R. 

Avrett, chemist, under the supervision of Burdge Irelan, district chemist, Austin, 

Tex.; and in Oklahoma by T. B. Dover, chemist, Stillwater, Okla. Review and 

final assembly of the data were made by E. W. Lohr in the Washington office, under the supervision of S. K. Love, Chief, Quality of Water Branch. 

1 
I 

I ~ 

Figure 1. Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars on the industrial utility of public water of the United 

States, 1952. The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by this circular. 
ARKANSAS 

ARKADELPffiA 

{Population, 6, 819) 

Ownership: Arkadelphia Water Co. {General Water Works Corp.). 

Source: Ouachita River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 700,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 440,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is located on the bank of Ouachita River about 300 yd east of 

Ouachita College athletic field. 

Analyses of samples collected daily from the Ouachita River at Arkadelphia show 

there is some variation in the chemical character of the water throughout the 

year, but the dissolved solids is usually low. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw lFinished Raw Finished 

water a water water a water 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••.•••• 6.4 4.8 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•.•••••••• . 12 . 05 Total ~o~~••············· 29 59 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- .01 Noncarbonate •••••• 6 27. 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 8. 1 19 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2. 1 2.8 Color···················· -- 6 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 4.2 3.0 pH ..•...••...•.....•....• -- 8.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.7 1.1 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 -- (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 28 bag 25 c.) .•.....••..••.• 76.7 126 

SuHate (SOJ •••••••••• 7.4 26 Turbidity· .............. -- 2 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 4. 1 3.8 Temperature (F.) ••• -- 60 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 1 . 1 Date of collection ••• -- Dec. 4, 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••.•••• 1.4 1.1 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 54 84 

a Average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples collected at· 

Arkadelphia for the year October 1950, to September 1951. 

blncludes the equivalent of less than 5 ppm of carbonate {C03 ). 

3 
ARKANSAS 

BLYTHEVILLE 

(Population, 16, 234) 

Ownership: Blytheville Water Co. 

Source: 3 wells {3 to 5), each 1, 500ft deep and reported to yield 1, 200, 1, 800, 

and 1, 800 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (spray and contact beds), sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 850, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished We114 Finished 

Wel14 water a water a 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 10 9.9 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•.•••••••. 2.6 . 06 Total .................. 27 27 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

C3.lcium (Ca) ···~····· 7.7 7.3 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.9 2.2 Color···················· -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 29 30 pH ..••..••..••..•..•..... 6.6 7.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 3.4 5. 1 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs} ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) 98 101 25 C.) •••.••••••••••• 189 195 

Sulfate (S04 ) •••••••••• 11 10 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 2.5 3.0 Temperature {F.) ••• 77 75 

Fluoride (F) .••••••.•• . 0 . 0 Date of collection ••. May 22, · Apr . 24, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••. . 8 .8 1950 1946 

Dissolved solids ••••. 118 118 

Depth {feet) ................................................................. 1,500 

Diameter (inches) ......................................................... 10 

Date drilled ................................................................. 1938 

Percent of supply ......................................................... --

acomposite. 

4 
Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Ouachita River. 

ARKANSAS 

CAMDEN 

(Population, 11, 372) 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 750,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1, 100, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is located at end of East Washington St. The treatment plant 

capacity will be increased by 1, 500,000 gpd within 9 months. Analyses of 

daily samples collected from the Ouachita River at Camden show some variation in chemical character, but the dissolved solids is usually low. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

.Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a waterb water a water b 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••••••. 9.8 4.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•••••••••• . 43 . 11 Total ~-······ .......... 26 53 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 5 28 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 7.3 17 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.8 2.6 Color ................... -- 7 

Sodium {Na) •••••••••• 11 8.6 pH ...•..•.•..•.....•.•..• 7.3 7.5 

Potassium (K) ••••••. 2.0 1.3 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 26 30 25 C.) •••.••••••••••• 114 148 

Sulfate (SOJ ••.••••••• 6. 1 23 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- 2 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 17 15 Temperature (F.) ••• -- 62 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••. . 1 . 2 Date of collection ••. 1946-47. Dec. 4, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.7 .4 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 81 92 

a Average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples collected at 

Camden for the year October 1946, to September 194 7. 

b City tap. 

5 
Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Cadron Creek. 

ARKANSAS 

CONWAY 

(Population, 8, 610) 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1, 150,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is located about 6 miles northwest of Conway. There is some 

variation in the chemical character of the water throughout the year, but the 

dissolved solids at all times is low. 

ANALYSES 

(Analy~es, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water watera water watera 

~ilica (SiO:a) ..•.•..•.• 7.6 6.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ••.......••••. . 25 . 31 Total "!' • •••••••••••••• 14 20 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 3 12 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 3.0 6.2 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.6 1.2 Color ..................... 27 5 

Sodium (Na) •.•••.•••• 2.0 2.2 pH ...•..•.•.••.•.•••.•... 6.6 6.9 

Potassium (K) ••.•••• 1.3 1.8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) •••.. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 13 10 25 C.) •••.••••••••••• 32.8 57.0 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 2.6 11 Turbidity •••••••.•••••• 4 1 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••.•• 2.8 4.8 Temperature (F.) ••. 47 53 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 1 . 1 Date of collection •.• Nov. 21, Nov. 21, 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••••••. 2.7 1.0 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 32 40 

acity tap. 

6 
ARKANSAS 

ELDORADO 

(Population, 23, 076) 

Ownership: El Dorado Water Co. 

Source: 6 wells (2, 6 to 10), 160, 720, 725, 700, 718, and 737 ft deep. The yield 

of the wells is reported to be 570, (well 6, not reported), 630, 1, 050, 300, and 

1, 000 gpm. Wells 6 and 9 are for auxiliary or emergency supply. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, 500,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well2 Well 10 Wells 

(city tap) a 

Silica (SiOJ ••..•.•••••••••••••.•••••• 40 10 18 

Iron (Fe) ............................... 3. 1 . 02 . 02 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) · · · ·· .................... 7.4 2.2 .4. 0 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 3.8 . 6 1.7 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 9.5 106 102 Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 4.4 1.5 

Carbonate (COJ •••••.••••••••••••••• 0 9 4 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •..•••••••••••••• 17 213 224 

Sulfate (804). ........................... 20 . 8 . 8 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 36 33 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 0 . 1 . 2 

Nitrate (NOJ •.•••••••••••••••••.••••• . 1 . 1 1.5 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 114 275 286 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 34 8 17 

Nontar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• :!0 0 0 

Color ................................... -- -- -- pH •..............•..••.••.•••••....•..••. 6.8 8. 1 -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••••.••• 133 454 -- Tu.r bidity ...... '• ...................... -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••.•••••••••••••••• 65 74 -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Nov. 28, 1945 Nov. 28, 1945 Feb. 15, 1950 

Depth (feet) ........................... 160 737 

Diameter (inches) .................. -- 15-10 

Date drilled .......................... 1926 1945 

Percent of supply .................. -- -- aAnalyzed by U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. 

7 
ARKANSAS 

FAYETTEVILLE 

(Population, 17 ,091) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also the communities of Combs, Farmington, 

Greenland, and Johnson. Total population supplied, about 20, 100. 

Source: West Fork White River (impounded), two-thirds of supply; Clear Creek 

(impounded), one-third of supply. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Wilson 

Lake. 

Treatment: West Fork White River: coagulation with lime and iron salts, sedimentation, slow anthrafilt filtration, and chlorination. Clear Creek: coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, slow anthrafilt filtration, and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: West Fork White River plant, 2, 000,000 gpd; 

Clear Creek plant, 1, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Not known. 

Finished-water storage: West Fork White River reservoir, 3, 750, 000 g;tl; Clear 

Creek reservoir, 1, 000, 000 gal. 

West Fork White River treatment plant is located on Mount Sequoyah in Fayette-. 

ville. Clear Creek treatment plant is 4 miles northof Fayetteville on 

Johnson Road. The plants supply different sections of the city and the only 

mixing of the finished water from the two sources is that which might occur 

in the distribution mains. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ..•.....•... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride {Cl) .......••....• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Finished 

water 

{city tap)a 

5.2 

. 29 

. 00 

Hardness as cacas: 

Total ....................... . 

Non.carbo11ate .••.•.•••••• 

Finished 

water 

(city tap) a 

71 

15 

26 l~-------------------------------------+----------

1.5 

3. 1 

1.5 

0 

68 

12 

4.8 

. 1 

4.0 

93 

Color ••..•.•••.•••....•.•.•.... 

pH .••..•••••••••••••••••..•••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

5 

7.3 

25 c.)...................... 153 

Turbidity • .. . . . . .• . .•••..• •• . 1 

Temperature (F. ) • • • • • • • . . • 60 

Date of collection • • • • • • . • . Dec. 3, 1951 

a At U.S. G. S. laboratory, Bureau of Research, University of Arkansas. 

8 
Ownership: Mltnicipal. 

ARKANSAS 

FORREST CITY 

(Population, 7, 607) 

Source: 3 wells (1 to 3), 530, 502, and 530 ft deep, and reported to yield 450, 350, 

and 750 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration, softening with lime, coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation (upward flow cylindrical tanks), recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 250,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. So Geological Survey) 

Wel11 Well2 Finished water 

(city tap) 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 24 27 22 

Iron {Fe) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.7 1.2 . 32 

Man.ganese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 00 

Calcium (Ca) • oo • 00 • •• •ooo ••••••••• o•• 58 53 11 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••.•••••••• 23 21 17 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6.7 11 12 

Potassium (K) •••• 0 o •••••••• o •••••••• 4. 1 4. 1 1.4 

Carbonate (CO.) •••••ooooooo••o••o ... 0 0 7 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) ••• o•••••o•o••··· 297 287 106 

Sulfate (804). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5.3 3.3 17 

Chloride (Cl) •o••••••••••o·····o······ 6.0 7.0 5. 0 

Fluoride (Il) •. o o ••••••• o ••••••••• o. o •• . 2 . 0 . 3 

Nitrate (NO.) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 . 2 . 3 

Dissolved solids ••••• o. o 0 •• o •• o. o ••• 274 268 148 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total .....••..••. ~ ..•.•.•..•.•••....•. 239 219 97 

Noncarbonate •o ••••• o •• o o •••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Color ..••••..•••••••••••••••••.••.•••••• -- -- 7 

pH ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.0 7.0 8.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ).o•••······ 407 359 219 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 2 

Temperature (F. ) ••••.•• o ••••••••••• 64 64 52 

Date of collection ••••• o o. o. o. o o o o. o o June 26, 1946 June 26, 1946 Dec. 26, 1951 

Depth (feet) .......................... 530 502 

Diameter (inches) ...............•.• 8 8 

Date drilled ....... 1 ••••••••••••••••••• 1937 1935 

Percent of supply ................... -- --

9 
ARKANSAS 

FORT SMITH 

(Population, 47, 942) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Alma, Camp Chaffee, Mountainburg, Van 

Buren, and other communities. Total population supplied, about 72,300. 

Source: Clear Creek impounded in Lake Fort Smith, approximately 22 miles 

northeast of the city. 

Treatment: Coagulation with iron salts and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand fili:ration, chlorination, and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Fort Smith, 3, 900,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 23, 000,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is 1 mile north of Mountainburg. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw 

water a water b water a 

Silica (SiOJ •••.•.•••• 7. 6 6.6 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•..••••••••• . 02 . 20 Total .................. 14 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 3.6 9. 1 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.3 1.6 Color .................... 10 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 2. 1 1.6 pH ...•......••.. ·•·•·•··• 6.8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• . 3 .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 18 22 25 c. ) •••.••••••••••• 41.0 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 3.0 12 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.5 2.5 Temperature (F. ) ••• --

Finished 

water b 

29 

11 

20 

7.7 

71.2 

3 

41 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 1 . 1 Date of collection ••• July 27,i · Dec . 27, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.3 . 8 1949 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 31 59 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ3 pH 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Mu 

Raw water ......... 13 20 9 6. 7 7. 1 

Finished water ... 21 34 13 8. 9 9.4 

acollected at spillway, Lake Fort Smith. 

bcuy tap. 

10 

Min 

6.3 

8.4 

Hardness 

as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

23 29 15 22 152 3 

48 60 28 0 0 0 
ARKANSAS 

HELENA 

(Population, 11, 236) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies suburban area. Total population supplied, 

12,000. 

Source: 3 wells (NW, NE, and SE), 493, 612, and 495ft deep, and reported to 

yield 750, 750, and 1, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination,and calgon and soda ash for corrosion control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 460, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1, 550,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well1 Finished Well 1 

Nwa waterb Nwa 

Silica (SiO:a) .......... 20 29 Hardness as CaC03 : 

. Iron {Fe) .......... , ... . 57 . 33 Total ~.. ................ 46 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 12 10 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 3.9 4.0 Color .................... -- Sodium (Na) .......... 169 166 pH .......•..•••.......... 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7.6 3.5 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 394 358 25 c. ) •••.••••••••••• 999 

Sulfate (S04) ........... . 8 3.5 Turbidity .••••••••••••• -- Chloride (Cl) •••••.••• 69 74 Temperature (F.) ••. 66 

Fluoride (F) •••••.•••. . 8 . 7 Date of collection ••• June 27, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• .2 .8 1946 

Dissolved solids ••.•. 479 472 

Depth (feet) ........................................ --..................................... Diameter (inches) ....................................................................... 

Date drilled • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

Percent of supply ..........•.......................•..............••.................... 

aRaw water. 

bcity tap. 

11 

Finished 

waterb 

42 

0 

20 

8.0 

749 

1 

56 

Dec . 26, 

1951 

493 

14-12 

1905 

--
Ownership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

HOPE 

(Population, 8, 605) 

Source: 5 wells (1 to 5), 1, 480, 620, 620, 620, and 1, 500ft deep. The yield of 

the wells is reported to be 292, 147, 156, 340, and 250 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination (average residual 0. 15 ppm). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 800,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 786, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) I 

Weill Well2 Well3 Well4 

Silica (Si02) •••••••••••••••• 8.0 17 17 19 

Iron (Fe) •........•...•..... . 16 . 18 . 11 . 25 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 3.4 21 16 21 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.•.••••• 1.2 3.4 2. 9 4.0 

Sodium (Na) ............... 419 115 124 107 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.2 

Carbonate (COs) ..•....... 28 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 517 267 260 264 

Sulfate (S04 ) .-, ••••••••••••• 44 46 52 43 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•.......••. 292 36 41 31 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••..•... . 3 . 6 .4 . 0 

Nitrate (NOs) ...........•.. . 2 . 0 . 0 . 0 

Dissolved solids ......... 1,060 376 386 361 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .....•.•.............. 14 66 52 69 

Noncarbonate . · ·•• · • •• • · 0 0 0 0 

Color ..•.....••...•.....••..• -- -- -- -- pH .......•...•..••.....•....•. 8.2 8.3 8. 1 8. 1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 1, 880 622 635 593 

Turbidity .••..•.•••..•....•. -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 100 78 78 78 

Date of collection •....... Oct. 26, Oct. 26, Oct. 26, Oct. 26, 

1945 1945 1945 1945 - Depth (feet) ................ 1,480 620 62() 620 

Diameter (inches) ........ 8-6-4 8 8 10 

Date drilled ............... 1918 1933 1933 1943 

Percent of supply· ........ -- -- -- --

12 

Well5 

9. 9 

. 07 

--

. 8 

1.9 

444 

16 

10 

549 

44 

320 

2.2 

3.6 

1, 120 

10 

0 

7 

8.4 

1,920 

--

. 98 

Mar. 27, 

1951 

1,500 

12-8 

1950 

--
Ownership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

HOT SPRINGS 

(Population, 29, 307) 

Source: 4 artificial lakes (Hot Springs, Dillion, Bethel, and Sanderson). 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 4 lakes. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 200, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•............... 

Manganese (Mp) .••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (CO,) •......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .....••.. 

Finished 

water 

(city tap) 

4.5 

. 18 

0 00 

11 

1.3 

1.7 

. 5 

a22 

12 

4.0 

. 1 

.0 

50 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•...........•....... 

Noncarbonate ..•.•......• 

Color ••........•••........•.... 

pH •••..•.••.••..•...••.•.....••. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity ..........••••..•.•. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••..•... 

alqcludes the equivalent of less than 5 ppm of carbonate (C03 ). 

13 

FiniShed 

water 

(city tap) 

33 

15 

7 

8.8 

76.5 

2 

Dec. 3,J951 
ARKANSAS 

JONESBORO 

(Population, 16, 310) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Nettleton. Total population supplied, about 

17,700. 

Source: 5 wells (1, 2, Lamarr St., Culberhouse, and Johnson St.), 132, 150, 215, 

and 150ft deep (depth not reported on Johnson. St. well). The yield of the wells 

is reported to be 1, 000, 800, 1, 200, 1, 100, and 900 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration, ammoniation, chlorination, and fluoridation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: Elevated tank, 1, 500, 000 gal; ground reservoir, 

1, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(An a 1 yses, in parts per million, bus y . . Gel 0 OglC "alSu rvey 

Lan.o.arr Finished 

Wel11 Well2 well water 

(city tap) 

Silica (SiOj •••••••••••••••••.•••• 26 26 32 27 

Iron (Fe) .... · ....................... .09 . 15 . 10 . 06 

Manganese (Mn) •••••• , •••••••••• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .•••••••••••••••••••• 12 19 12 19 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 7.0 9. 4 4.0 9.4 

Sodium (Na) .•••••••••••••••••••••• 17 13 11 18 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 1.8 2. 9 1.4 1.6 

Carbonate (COs) ••••••.•••••••••• 0 0 0 -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 62 96 64 a87 

Sulfate (SO,.) • • • • ................... 26 15 3.6 26 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 14 13 9.5 18 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... . 0 . 0 .0 • 1 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 2.8 .8 8.6 3.2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• 141 150 122 165 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ............................ 59 86 46 86 

Noncarbonate •••••.••••••••••• 8 7 0 15 

Color ................... ............ -- -- -- -- pH .•...•••••••••..•••.•.••••.••••••.• 6. 5 7.0 6. 7 8.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c . .) ...... 217 2.30' 165 263 

Turbidity .........................• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) •••••••••••••• 61 61 60 -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• ~ay 3, 1950 May 3, 1950 May 3, 1950. Apr. 25,1946 

Depth (feet) ...................... 132 150 215 

Diameter (inches) .••.........•• 10 10 10 

Date drilled ..................... 1929 1929 1930 

Percent of supply · · · .•.......•• -- -- --

alncludes the equivalent of less than 5 ppm of carbonate (C03 ). 

14 
ARKANSAS 

LITTLE ROCK 

(Population, 105, 213) 

Ownership: Little Rock Municipal Water Works. Supplies also Cammack Village, 

North Little Rock, Park Hill, and other suburban areas. Total population 

supplied, about 164, 700. 

Source: Alum Fork of Saline River impounded in Lake Winona, 33 miles west of 

the city. The watershed is uninhabited and lies almost wholly within the 

Ouachita National Forest. Arkansas River, emergency supply. 

Treatment: Coagulation with lime and alum, ammoniation, chlorination, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, alkali for the adjustment of pH, and fluoridation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 23, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Winona, 13,500,000,000 gal; auxiliary reservoir, 

92, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 10, 200, 000 gal. 

Raw water is delivered to the treatment plant, located in the city, by gravity flow. 

The elevation of the treatment plant is such 'that the major portion of the distribution system is also served by gravity. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a waterb water a waterb 

Silica (SiOJl .••...•••• 3. 5 4.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••. -- . 14 Total loe' ••••••••••••••• 11 18 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 3 6 

Calcium (Ca) •.••••••• 2.4 4.5 

Magnesium . (Mg) ••••• 1.2 1.7 Color···················· 35 12 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 1.0 2. 1 pH ..••...•..•...••.•.•... 7.1 7.1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• -- .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 10 15 25 C.) •••.••••••••••• -- 46.9 

Sulfate (SOJ .••••••••. . 0 4.9 'Purbidity ..•........... 10 1 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••.•• 2.0 3.0 Temperature (F.) ••• -- 58 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 0 1.0 Date of ~ollection ••• Jan . 18, ·Dec. 26, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••. -- . 1 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 25 31 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 pH 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 7 10 5 6. 5 7.2 6. 1 

Finished wate.r .... 14 22 8 8.3 9. 7 7.0 

a Analyzed by Little Rock Water Department. 

bCity tap. 

15 

Ha~dness 

as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

10 18 8 14 40 5 

20 30 12 0 0 0 
OWnership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

MAGNOLIA 

(Population, 6, 918) 

Source: 4 wells (1 to 4), 435, 428, 410, and 425 ft deep, and reported to yield 

320, 380, 468, and 500 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 811,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well3 Well4 Finished water 

(city tap) 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••.•••••••••••.•••••••• 10 12 11 

11-on (Fe) .............................. . 02 . 08 .14 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- .00 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• •••••••••••••••• 8.8 5.6 7.8 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 1.6 . 8 1.8 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 69 86 75 

Potassium (K) ••••••.•••••••••••••••• 4.5 1.9 2. 1 

Carbonate (COs) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 0 

Bicarbonate (BCOa) ••••••••••••••••• a192 a218 197 

Sulfate (SO~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 8.9 16 

Chloride ( Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5.0 6.0 7.2 

Fluoride (~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••.• .0 . 1 . 2 

Nitrate (NOs) .......................... . 2 . 2 . 8 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 215 230 224 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 29 17 27 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Color ................................... -- -- 7 

pH .....•.......••••.••.•••.••••••.••.•••• 8.5 .8. 3 7. 9 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••••• 338 359 348 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- 2 

Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- 71 58 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Jan. 17, 1946 Nov. 8, 1950 Dec. 4, 1951 

Depth (feet) .•.•..•.............•..... 413 425 

Diameter (inches) ................. 12 8 

Date drilled ........................ 1944 1951 

Percent of supply ................. -- -- alncludes the equivalent of less than 5 ppm of carbonate (C03 ). 

16 
ARKANSAS 

MALVERN 

(Population, 8, 072) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also a small number of people outside the city 

limits. Total population supplied, about 8, 120. 

Source: Ouachita River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 200,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 960, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is ·located on Front Street near Missouri Pacific Depot in 

Malvern. Analyses of composites of daily samples collected from the Ouachita River near Malvern show a variation in chemical character, but the dissolved solids is low. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a waterb water a waterb 

Silica (SiOJ ••.••••••• 7.5 2.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) .••••.•••••••• . 04 . 18 Total ................... 22 41 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 1 18 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 6. 3 13 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.5 2. 1 Color .................... -- 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 4.6 2.5 pH .......•..••.....•....• 7.4 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.0 . 9 Speeific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 28 28 25 c.) ............... 64.9 99.5 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 4.3 19 'Pu.rbidity ..•..•••.••... -- 2 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 2. 6 3.2 Temperature (F.) ••• -- 46 

Fluoride (F) •••••.•••. . 3 . 1 Date of collection ••• 1946-47 Dec. 4,. 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••• 1.9 . 6 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 48 61 

aAverage of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples from the Ouachita 

River near Malvern for the year October 1946, to September 1947. 

bcity tap~ 

NORTH LITTLE ROCK 

(Population, 44, 097) 

Ownership: Supplied by Little Rock (see Little Rock}. 

17 
Ownership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

PARAGOULD 

(Population, 9, 668) 

Source: 3 wells (1 to 3), 500, 505, and 507ft deep, and reported to yield 1, 000, 

900, and 900 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 250,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•...••... 

Manganese (Mn) .•••.•.••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..••..•.•••.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) .•••.......•... 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..•.. 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•.••.•.. 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•...•••. 

Finished 

water a 

14 

1.0 

3.2 

1.5 

63 

3.2 

9 

162 

1.4 

3.2 

. 1 

. 8 

183 

acomposite sample, wells 1 and 2. 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total •..•••..••.....••••.••. 

Noncarbonate •••.•.•..••• 

Color ••..•••••.•••.•..•.•••.... 

pH •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity .•••...••.•••••••••• 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection ••••••.•. 

18 

Finished 

water a 

14 

0 

8.2 

288 

Apr. 25,1946 
ARKANSAS 

PINE BLUFF 

(Population, 37, 162) 

Ownership: General Waterworks Corp. 

Source: 3 wells (8 to 10), 835-850, 838, and 835-850 ft deep, and reported to 

yield 1, 250, 1. 000, and 1, 050 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration, rapid anthrafilt filtration, sedimentation, polyphosphate 

(Calgon) for corrosion control, and chlorination . 

.Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 170, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoir, 13,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(~alyses, 1n parts per million, by U. S. Geolo ·cal Survey) 

Silica Si J •.•••••••••••••••.•••• 

11-on (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Mangan.es (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium. ( a) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Magnesi (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 

Sod.iUDl ( a) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Potassi .. {K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonat (COs) ooooooo••••ooo••o 

Bicarbon e (HCOs}.oooooooooo•• 

Sulfate ( .> • • •••.•••••••••••••••• 

Chloride 1} ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Fluoride P') • o ••• o o •• o 0o o ••• 0 0 •• 0 

Nitrate ( s> ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids o o o. o o. o o o. o. 0 0 o 

Hardness CaC01 : 

Total ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Noncar nate ••• o o •••••• 0 0 ••• o 

Color ••••••••••• -. •••••••••••••••••• 

pH •••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific c nductance 

WellS 

12 

3.3 

7. 0 

2.3 

12 

6.9 

0 

65 

3. 3 

2.8 

.4 

• 2 

80 

27 

0 

7.9 

(micro hos at 25 c. .. ) ..... 0 119 

Tu.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Temperat e (F.) ·····•o••o•ooo 

Well9 

12 

14 

11 

3.3 

11 

7. 2 

0 

82 

• 6 

3.0 

.4 

. 2 

89 

41 

0 

7.9 

13 

Date of co ection ~o•o•o••••o•••• ov. 8, 1945 N~v. 

Depth (fee ) ..................... . 

Diameter inches) .........•.... 

Date drill d ...•....•..•......... 

Percent a supply .••........... 

835-850 

16 

1938 

19 

83 

24-16-1 

192 

Well 10 

13 

3.3 

7.0 

2.2 

14 

6.4 

0 

70 

3.7 

2.5 

.4 

. 2 

85 

26 

0 

8.0 

Finis e 

water 

(composite) 

18 

.64 

.00 

6. 9 

2.7 

13 

6.3 

0 

67 

4.2 

2.8 

• 3 

• 7 

92 

28 

0 

6 

6.8 

125 

2 

76 

c. 26, 1951 
ARKANSAS 

RUSSELLVILLE 

(Population, 8, 166) 

Ownership: Russellville Water Co. 

Source: Illinois Bayou. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation with lime and alum, calgon, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 400,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 743, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is located about 5 miles north of the city, just off U. S. Highway 64. There is some variation in the chemical character of the water during 

the year but the dissolved solids is low at all times. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by tJ. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOJ •.•••..••• 6.3 4.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ..•••.•••••••• . 25 . 25 Total ~················ 15 33 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• .00 .00 Noncarbonate •••••• 3 19 

Calcium (Ca) .•.•••••• 3.6 9.8 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.4 2.0 Color···················· 30 12 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 1.4 1.9 pH ..••..••...•..•....•.•• 6.8 7. 1 

Potassium (K) ··-··· 1.0 . 8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ .•••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 14 17 25 c. ) ............... 30.9 69.6 

Sulfate {804) •••••••••• 2.4 15 Turbidity •.•••••••••••• 3 5 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.••.• 1.8 3.0 Temperature (F.) ••• 47 53 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 2 . 3 Date of collection •.• Nov. 21,; Nov . 21, . 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••.•••• 1.0 2.2 1951 1951 

D~ssolved solids ••••• 29 53 

20 
Ownership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

STUTTGART 

(Population, 7, 276} 

Source: 3 wells (1 to 3}, 125, 125, and 850 ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 400, 200, and 1, 100 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 265, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S. Geological Survey) 

Well3 3 wells 

Well1 (composite) 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 1.0 28 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.1 2.8 . 74 

Manganese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 02 

Calcium.·(Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 55 28 72 

Magnesium. (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 12 12 17 

Sod.ium. (jN'a) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 32 28 

Potassi~ (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.6 v 7. 0 1.2 

Carb>nate (CO.) ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

ISicartNJiulte (11~0.) •..•.•••••••••••• 266 190 ,326 

Sulfate' (SO.). •••••••••••••••••••• ··-••• 16 1.8 23 

Chlol"ide (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.5 28 14 

nuo.rldf! ( ,-, •.•••••..•.••••••••••••••. . 1 .0 . 2 

Nitr"ate (NO.) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 0 . 2 . 1 

Dissolved solids .................... 279 . 213 348 

Hardness as CaC01: 

Tot:al. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187 119 250 

None:uOOnate ••••••••••••••••••• -•• 0 0 0 

Color •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 10 

pH ••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• 7. 6 8. 1 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• 438 387 540 

Tu.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 2 

Temperature (F.) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 48 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• J"uly 17, 1946 J"uly 17, 1946 Dec. 26, 1951 

Depth (feet) .......................... 125 850 

Diameter (inches) ....•......••...... -- 6 

Date drilled .......................... -- 1946 

Percent of supply ....•...•...•.....• -- --

21 
ARKANSAS 

TEXARKANA 

(Population, 40, 628; 15, 875 in Arkansas) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also suburban areas. Total population supplied, 

about 42, 628. 

Source: 3 well fields and 1 impounding reservoir: Arkansas Station, 22 wells 

ranging in depth from 40 ft to 50 ft; Texas Station, 12 wells ranging in depth 

from 40 ft to 50 ft; Bringle Station (used for emergency), 6 wells each about 

37 ft deep; and Bringle Lake (Clear Creek impounded). 

Treatment: Wells: aerat~on, alkali for adjustment of pH, and chlorination. Lake: 

prechlorination, coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, postchlorination, and carbonation at times. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 075,000 gpd. 

Raw .. water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 4, 000,000 gal. 

The Arkansas Station well field is near East 9th St. and Jefferson Ave.; 

Texas Station is about 1 mile west of Texarkana; Bringle Station, 6 miles 

northwest of Texarkana; and the impounding reservoir, at Bringle Station 

well field. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million , by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ...••...•....... 

Iron (Fe) ••.......•...•.••.. 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••.•• 

Calcium (Ca) ............•. 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••..• 

Sodium (Na) ............... Potassium (K) •••••••.•••• 

Carbonate (COs) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•.•........ 

Fluoride (F) ••••..••••••••. 

Nitrate (NOs) ..•.•..•..••.. 

Dissolved solids ......... Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •..•.••••••........... 

Noncarbonate •· ·••·••••· 

Color ..•.•.•.••...•.....••.•• 

pH ....•.••...•...•..•..•.•..•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .2.5 C. ) 

Turbidity ..••.•.•••..•...... 

Temperature (F.} •••••••. 

Date of collection .•..•... 

aBringle Lake. 

bTexas Station. 

CBringle Station. 

I Raw 

water a 

5. 1 

. 03 

-- 9.3 

2.7 

5.5 

4.2 

0 

34 

3.0 

14 

. 2 

. 5 

68 

34 

6 

--

6.6 

115 

--

-- Sept. 22, 

1943 

Arkansas Station Finished 

Raw Finished waterb 

water water 

38 36 26 

. 48 . 19 . 01 . 05- .01 -- 7. 6 17 2.4 

5. 1 5. 6 1.2 

19 20 7.4 

2. 5 2.6 2. 5 

0 16 0 

31 18 10 

5. 6 5. 7 3.0 

33 36 8.0 

. 1 • 1 . 0 

12 13 9.4 

151 176 71 

40 65 11 

14 24 3 

5 8 -- 5.8 9. 1 5. 6 

199 235 64.0 

2 4 -- 66 65 -- Dec. 4, Dec. 4, Sept. 22, 

1951 1951 1943 

. 

22 

Finished 

waterC 

36 

.11 

·-- 16 

4.4 

19 

2.8 

0 

55 

2.0 

37 

. 2 

2. 5 

149 

58 

13 

--

6. 6 

220 

--

-- Sept. 22, 

1943 
Ownership: Municipal. 

ARKANSAS 

WEST MEMPIDS 

(Population, 9, 112) 

Source: 3 wells (1 to 3), each 1, 509ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported 

to be 300, 800, and 1, 500 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 400, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per .million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well1 Well2 Well1 

Silica (SiOJ •••••••••• 10 11 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••••• . 25 . 16 Total IAI ••••••••••••••• 12 

Manganese (MD) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 3.3 2.6 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.0 . 9 Color···················· -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 41 45 pH ..••...•..•......•..... 7.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.5 1.3 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) •.••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (RCO,) 120 122 25 c. ) ............... 195 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 3.3 5.5 'Pu.rbidity ..•...•....... -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.2 3.0 Temperature (F.) ••• 76 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 0 .0 Date of collection ••• Nov. 2, 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••••••• 1.1 . 7 1945 

Dissolved solids ••••. 125 131 

Depth (feet) ............................................................... 1,509 

Diameter (inches) ........................................................ 10-6 

Date drilled ............................................................... 1929 

Percent of supply .....•.....................................••...•.•..••.. --

23 

Well2 

10 

0 

--

7.4 

236 

--

76 

Mar. 8, 

1950 

1,509 

10 

1946 

--
LOUISIANA 

ALEXANDRIA 

(Population, 34, 913} 

Ownership·: Municipal; supplies about 1, 500 people outside of city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 35,400. 

Source: 18 wells (U.S. G. S. R-7, R-12, R-15 to R-18, R-20, R-404 to R-406, 

R-408 to R-410, and R-421 to R-426} ranging in depth from 253 to 1, 202 ft; 

1 well (R-458), 341ft deep, used only in emergency. The yield of wells R-7, 

R-12, R-15, and R-405 is reported to be 400, 473, 400, and 400 gpm, respectively. (Data not available on other wells.) 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 200, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually. The wells at Madison St. , 5th and Monroe Sts. , 

N. 3rd. and McNutt Sts. pump into the main reservoir at ·5th and Monroe Sts. 

The wells at the City Park pump into the reservoir at that location. The wells 

at 4th and Casson Sts. and at Bolton and Rapides Ave. have small storage 

tanks into which they pump. · 

The water is chlorinated at the intake of each of the storage points. It is pumped 

from. storage into the distribution system. 

There is considerable difference in the chemical composition of the water from the 

individual wells. The greater ·number of the wells deliver water that is very 

soft. The analyses selected show approximately the range in dissolved solids 

and hardness of the waters from the wells. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses , in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Well Well Well Well 

R-404 R-408 R-423 R-409 R-15 · 

Silica (SiCa) ••••••••••....•. 28 30 47 28 49 

Iron (Fe) ••.•....••...••••.. . 51 9.0 . 03 13 . 15 

Manganese (Mn) •• 0 0 •••••• .0 . 3 -- .4 -- Calcium (Ca) .. o• ••••• o• •o. 19 97 1. 2 116 1.3 

Magnesium {Mg) •o•o••o•·· 4.4 50 .4 62 . 5 

Sodium (Na) ....•...•.•.... } 250 7. 1 121 21 { 89 

Potassium (K) •••• 0. 0 ••••• 1.5 

Carbonate (COs) .•• o •••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •o••·· 591 548 297 600 212 

Sulfate (804 ) o'• ............ o 16 2.0 1.0 55 11 

Chloride (Cl) o •••••• o. o. o •• 77 9.0 14 30 11 

Fluoride (F) •• o. o ••••• o o ••• -- -- 1. 2 -- . 9 

Nitrate (NOs) o. o o o o. o •••• o. .0 .0 . 0 .0 • 1 

Dissolved solids .......•. 689 458 335 626 270 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... 66 448 4 544 5 

Noncarbonate ··o•••••o•o 0 0 0 53 0 

Color o •••• o •••••• o ••• o ••• o ••• -- -- -- -- 0 

pH ............................ 8. 1 6.8 7.5 6.8 -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C.. ) 1,130 817 -- 1,050 -- Turbidity o •••••••••• o ••• o o •• -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- 68 -- 68 -- Date of collection o ••• o. o o Aug. 25, May 13, Aug. 25, May 13, Oct. 22, 

1949 1948 1943 194S 1938 

24 
LOUISIANA 

Well Well Well Well Well 

R-404 R-408 R-423 R-409 R-15 

- Depth (feet) ............... 253 326 786 1, 027 1,202 

Diameter (inches) ....... 8 12-8 12-8 12-6 12 

Date drilled ............... 1941 1941 , __ 1941 1935 

Percent of supply ....... -- -- -- -- --

25 
LOUISIANA 

BASTROP 

(Population, 12, 769) 

Ownership: People Water Service,Inc.; supplies about 225 people outside city 

limits. Total population supplied, about 13, 000. 

Source: 3 wells (U.S. G. S. wells Mo-18, Mo-19, and Mo-65) 800, 600, and_ 

630ft deep, and reported to yield 250, 650, and 950 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 240, 000 gal. 

The analysis given is representative of the water served to the consumers. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Mo-65 

(city well 3) 

Silica (Si02) • ... • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 

Iron (Fe) . . .•. . . . •... .. . •. . . . 03 

Manganese (Mn) . • • • . • • • • . _-

Hardness as CaC<J,: 

Total .•..............•...... 

Noncarbonate ...••....... 

Well Mo-65 

(city well 3) 

6 

0 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 1. 7 11-----------+-------

Magnesium (Mg) . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Sodium (Na) .•••........... 281 

Potassium (K) • • • • • . • •• • • . 1. 2 

Carbonate (C03 ) • • • • • • • • • • 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••• • • 422 

Sulfate (S04 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. 9 

Chloride (Cl) . . . . . . . • • . • • • . 186 

Fluoride (F) .........•..... . 6 

Nitrate (N03) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 

Dissolved solids ......... 697 

Color •.•.......••..•..•...•.... 

pH •••..•..•...••••..••.•.....•.. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•...... -......... . 

Turbidity ..........••••..•... 

Temperature (F.) •.•••.•... 

Date of collection .••...... 

Depth (feet) ............•............................................................. 

Diameter (inches) ................................................................. . 

Date drilled ........................................................................ . 

Percent of supply ................................................................. . 

26 

35 

8.0 

1,220 

74 

Feb. 27, 1951 

630 

12t-8 

1948 
LOUISIANA 

BATON ROUGE 

(Population, 125, 629) 

Ownership: The Baton Rouge Water Works Co. , Istrouma Water Co. , and Dixie 

Water Co. ; supplying approximately 109, 000, 11, 000, and 6, 000 people, 

respectively. 

Source: 30 wells (The Baton Rouge Water Works Co., 19 wells; Istrouma Water 

Co., 8 wells; and Dixie Water Co., 3 wells). Three of the wells of the 

Baton Rouge Water Works Co. are 339, 338, and 343 ft deep; the remaining 

wells range in depth from 1, 496 to 2, 712ft. The wells of the Istrouma 

Water Co. range in depth from 1, 060 to 1, 939ft. The wells (EB-154, 

EB..,447, and EB-514) of the Dixie Water Co. are 2, 434, 1, 626, and 2, 865 

ft deep, respectively. 

Treatment: Chlorination of the water furnished by the Baton Rouge Water Works 

Co. and the Dixie Water Co. No treatment of water furnished by the Istrouma 

Water Co. 

Storage: The Baton Rouge Water Works Co., 6, 140,000 gal; the Istrouma Water 

Co. , 30, 000 gal; and the Dixie Water Co. , 120, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually by electric pumps. The water is pumped directly into the distribution system and to storage. All of the analyses are of 

water from the wells of the Baton Rouge Water Works Co. at different location or pumping stations, and are representative of the water served to the 

consumers. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 

EB-100 a 

Silica (Si<la) •.•••........... 34 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•...•..... 1. 3 

Manganese (Mn) •.•..••••• . 05 

Calcium (Ca) .........•.••. 62 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 18 

Sodium (Na) ............... 20 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 2.4 

Carbonate (C<la) •••••••••• 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 314 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 1.0 

Chloride (Cl) .•.••.......•. 7.2 

Fluoride (F) .•.•...••...... .1 

Nitrate (NO,) •••.••.•..•••. 2.5 

Dissolved solids ......... 300 

Hardness as .CaC03 : 

Total ...•.•••••..........•. 228 

Noncarbonate ...•....••• 0 

Color ......•.••..•...•..•...• -- pH .......•...•...•......••..•. 7. 5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 505 

Turbidity ..••.•.••••.•...... -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 70 

Date of collection •....... May 9, 

1951 

aFront Street. 

bGovernment Street Station. 

csaton Rouge Water Works Well 3. 

Well 

EB-151 b 

24 

0 07 

. 00 

1.4 

. 2 

82 

2.4 

6 

191 

11 

6.2 

. 1 

.0 

219 

4 

0 

--

8.7 

344 

--

96 

May 9, 

1951 

27 

Well 

EB-413c 

Well 

EB-444d 

28 24 

.10 . 23 

-- . 00 

3.6 1.0 

1.7 0 3 

73 91 

4.4 2.0 

10 19 

165 190 

13 11 

8.0 5.0 

. 2 .3 

2.8 . 2 

228 241 

16 4 

0 0 

-- -- 8.7 9.0 

3"22 383 

-- -- 88 93 

Sept. 26, May 9, 

1949 1951 

dFirst Street. 

eScotlandville, La. 

Well 

EB-456e 

23 

.13 

.00 

1.3 

. 2 

83 

3.2 

10 

186 

9.0 

3.8 

. 3 

1.0 

223 

4 

0 

--

8.8 

347 

--

86 

May 9, 

1951 
LOUISIANA 

Well Well Well Well Well 

EB-100 EB-151 EB-413 EB-444 EB-456 

Depth (feet) ..........•...... 343 2,664 1, 732 2,253 1, 895 

Diameter (inches) ......... 18-12 12-6 12-9 5/8 -- -- Date drilled .•.•.••....•.... -- -- 1946 1946 1947 

Percent of supply ......... -- -- -- -- --

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Well Well Well 

EB-504f EB-510g EB-504f EB-510 g 

Silica (SiO,.) •••••••••• 28 36 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• -- . 24 Tot.al ...... !••••••••••• 6 2 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- .00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ···'!····· . 6 .4 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 1.0 . 3 Color······~~············· -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } 76 { 67 pH •••••••••••••.•••••...• 8.7 8.3 

Potassium (K) ••••••• .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 10 -- (micromhos at 

IUcarbonate (HCOJ 162 hl62 25 c.) ............... 326 279 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 16 9.6 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 4.0 4.0 Temperature (F. ) ••• 88 85 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• -- . 1 Date of collection ••• Sept . 26, May 9, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• .2 1.2 1949 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 226 202 

Depth (feet) . " .............................................................. 1,777 1,605 

Diam~ter (inches) ...............................•.....• : ....•............ -- 12-9 5/8 

Date drilled ............................................................... 1949 1951 

Percent of supply .....................................•.••••••.•......... -- -- Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•..•..•• 106 124 72 8.1 8. 5 7.6 -- -- -- Finished water ••. 99 120 72 7.9 8.1 7.7 -- -- -- fGovernment Street Station, well 4. 

gLula Street. 

hincludes the equivalent of less than 5 pprr~ of carbonate (C03 ). 

28 

Av Max Min 

67 300 25 

-- -- --
LOUISIANA 

BOGALUSA 

(Population, 17, 798) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies approximately 500 persons outside of city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 18, 300. 

Source: 6 wells (U.s. G. S. wells Wa-34, Wa-41, Wa-44 to Wa-47) 1, 500, 

1, 442, 1, 450, 1, 500, 1, 500, and 1, 500ft deep. Emergency supplycan be 

furnished by the Gaylord Container Corp. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 2 elevated tanks, each 250, 000 gal; 2 underground tanks, each 500,000 

gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica · (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....••.. 

Manganese (Mn) .••..•.••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•....•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ............•.. 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•.....• 

Fluoride (F) .......•.••.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Well Wa-41 

48 

. 06 

• 2 

• 3 

44 

. 8 

0 

105 

9.3 

4.5 

. 2 

. 0 

165 

Well Wa-41 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total .•.•... ...... .. .••...•. 2 

Noncarbonate . • • . • . • . . . • • 0 

Color . • •.• .• ... •••.•. .•.•••. •.. 7 

pH ••••....•..•••••.••..•.•... .•. 8. 0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.)...................... 204 

Turbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --

Temperature (F. ) • . • • • • • . • • --

Date of collection •••.•.... June21, 1950 

Depth (feet) · · · · · · .......•...............................•........................... 1,442 

12-9 5/8 

1950 

Diameter (inches) ........... · · ...............•....•......................•..•..... 

Date drilled · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · · · · · · · · · • · ........ · .•. · .......... · · · ...... ·. · · · · · 

Percent of supply · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · ... · · · · ......... · · · · · .. · ·• · ·• · · · · · 

BOSSIER CITY 

(Population, 15, 470) 

Ownership: City of Shreveport. 

Source: Supplied by city of Shreveport (See Shreveport). 

29 
LOUISIANA 

CROWLEY 

(Population, 12, 784) 

Ownership: Central-Louisiana Electric Co. 

Source: 3 wells (U.S. G. S. wells Ac-169, Ac-170, and Ac-280), 280, 247, and 

257 ft deep, and reported to yield 1, 250, 900, and 1, 400 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (trays), softening with lime, coagulation with iron salts, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 100, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 060,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per m:illion, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Finished Well 

Ac-280 a water Ac-280 a 

Silica (SiOj •••••.•••• 32 28 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) o• •• •o •••• o ••• 1.7 . 14 Total ~····· .......... 216 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••• •o• •• 0 54 7.7 

Magnesium (Mg) o. o. o 20 15 Color ................... -- Sodium (Na) • o •• o• •• •o 65 69 pH ..••...•...•........... 7.3 

Potassium (K) •• o ••• o 6.0 2.8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ o. o •o 0 10 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 396 205 25 C.) ............... 691 

Sulfate (SOJ • o o •• o •••• . 5 .8 Turbidity ·········•••o• -- Chloride (Cl) o••······ 26 29 Temperature (F.) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 2 . 2 Date of collection • o. Sept. 16, 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••• 8.2 2.0 1950 

Dissolved solids ••••• 405 259 

Depth (feet) ................................................................. 257 

Diameter (inches) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 12-10 

Date drilled 1942 •...•...••.•••.....•...•...•••...•••••••...•.... ~ ..•... t1. c •••••• 

Percent of supply ......................................................... -- aRaw water. 

:to 

Finished 

water 

81 

0 

5 

8.6 

432 

--

70 

Apr . 4, 

1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

LOUISIANA 

GRETNA 

(Population, 13, 813) 

Source: Mississippi River. Emergency supply may be obtained from nearby industrial supply wells. 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation, softening With lime, coagulation with iron salts, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 250, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in pa·rts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw ~inished Raw 

water water water 

Silica (SiOa). •..•..•••• 8.4 9.8 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.• · ••..••••••. . 06 . 05 · Total .................. 127 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 34 

.Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 35 21 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 9.7 3.0 Color···················· -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 13 13 pH~ ....................... 7.3 

Potassium (K) ••••••• -- 4.4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 15 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 114 6 25 C.) ............... 317 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 38 42 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 14 15 Temperature (F.) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 .3 Date of collection •.• May 14, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••.•••. 3.0 2.5 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 193 133 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Finished 

water 

65 

35 

--

9.8 

237 

--

-- May 14, 

1951 

as caco. pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 7.8 8.0 7.8 115 130 100 800 1200 700 

Finished water ... ' -- -- -- 9.6 9.6 9.6 70 75 60 2 2 2 

31 
LOUISIANA 

JEFFERSON PARISH 

Ownership: East Jefferson Water District 1; supplies Harahan, Kenner, Metairie, 

Shrewsbury, Southport, and other communities. Total population supplied, 

. about 62, 000. 

Source: Mississippi River. Emergency supply can be obtained from the New 

Or leans public supply. 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation, softening with lime, coagulation with lime and 

iron salts, ammoniation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated ca_t>acity of treatment plant: 10, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 500, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant for East Jefferson Water District 1 is at Shrewsbury. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey} 

Raw Finished Raw 

water water water 

Silica (SiO:a) •..•...••. 10 12 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•.•.•.•••••• . 02 . 03 Total ................... 156 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate ••• 1 •• 38 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 41 21 

MagneSium (Mg) ••••• 13 5. 5 Color···················· -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 21 21 pH ••••• • ee••• •• • • ••• • • •• • 7.7 

Potassium (K) •••.••. -- 2.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) .•••. 0 5 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 144 23 25 c. ) ............... 400 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 41 56 Turbidity •.••.•...•.•.• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.•.•• 26 27 Temperature (F.) ••. --

Finished 

water 

75 

48 

--

8.9 

279 

--

-- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 . 2 Date of collection ... Oct. 12, Oct . 12, 

Nitrate (NOs) .••.••••. 3.0 2.0 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 234 163 

Regular deter.mina.ticms at treatm.t plant 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as caco, Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......•.. -- 165 67 -- 8.2 7.5 -- -- -- 5oo 1600 45 

Finished water ... -- 43 23 -- 10 9.8 -- 116 79 0 0 0 --·--. 

32 
Ownership: Municipal. 

LOUISIANA 

LAFAYETTE 

(Population, 33, 541) 

Source: 5 wells (U.S. G. S. wells Lf-1, Lf-433, Lf-491, Lf-492, and Lf-503}, 220, 

204, 214, 213, and 212 ft deep. The total yield of the wells is reported to be 

from 1, 500 to 2, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration (trays), coagulation with sodium aluminate, softening with 

lime, sedimentation, addition of polyphosphate (Calgon) for stabilization, rapid 

(anthrafilt) filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Surface storage, 1, 000,000 gal; elevated tank, 500,000 

gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Finished Well Finished 

Lf-491 water Lf-491 water 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••.•••• 46 37 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••.•••• 3.6 . 15 Total ~········· ...... 123 95 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 1 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 6 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 36 27 

Magnesium (Mg) .•••• 8.0 6.8 Color ................... 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 9.8 9. 7 pH .•.•••••• o o .0 o o •o o. ooo• 7.0 8.9 

Potassium {K) •• o •••• 1.2 2.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 19 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 151 77 25 C.) •••..•••••••••• 278 258 

Sulfate (S04) ···~······ 9.3 10 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 8.2 12 Temperature (F .. ) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) ••••••••• : . 5 . 2 Date of collection ••• Oct. 25, Apr. 5, 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• .0 . 2 1949 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 195 161 

Depth (feet) ................................••.......•.•..•..•...•...•....•.. 214 

Diameter (inches) .........................•... o •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24-16-10 

Date drilled .............................•.•. 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1949 

Percent of supply ........................................................ -- Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min· Av Max Min 

Raw water ...... '". 123 -- -- 6.9 -- -- 133 -- -- 0 -- -- Finished water .... -- -- -- 9.5 -- -- 85 -- -- 0 -- --

33 
LOUISIANA 

LAKE CHARLES 

(Population, 41, 272) 

Ownership: Gulf States Utilities Co. 

Source: 5 wells ("A", "K". "L", "M", and "N") for regular supply; Calcasieu 

Lake for auxiliary supply. The depths of the wells are reported to be 693, 680, 

696, 690, and 676ft, and the yields, 1, 500, 1, 500, 1, 500, 1, 760, and 1, 500 

gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (contact beds), softening, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None (except Calcasieu Lake). 

Finished-water storage: 1, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well "L" Finished Well "L" water 

Silica (SiO:a) •. o o o o o o o o 50 48 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) oooo•· o ••••••• 1.6 . 04 Total ................... 108 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••.•••• 27 28 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 9.7 9.5 Color .................... 10 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 80 77 pH ....................... 7. 1 

Potassium (K) ••••o•• 6.4 5.6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,} ..•• 0 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 170 160 25 c 0 ) 0. 0. 0 •••• 0 0 0. 0 0 ·s8o 

Sulfate {SO~) •••••••••• 2.4 2.6 Turbidity •••••••.•••••• -- Chloride {Cl) ••••••••• 99 105 Temperature (F.) ••. 73 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• .4 . 5 Date of collection ••• Oct. 25, 

Nitrate (NO,) •••.••••. .0 . 2 1949 

Dissolved solids ••••. 359 348 

Depth (feet) ................................................................ 696 

Diameter (inches) ........................................................ 16~10 

Date drilled ................................................................ 1946 

Percent of supply ........................................................ --

34 

Finished 

water 

109 

0 

--

7.7 

594 

--

74 

Apr. 6, 

1951 
LOUISIANA 

MONROE 

(Population, 38, 572) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies approximately 5, 000 people outside of the city 

limits. Total population supplied, about 43, 600. 

Source: Bayou De Siard for regular supply; Ouachita River for auxiliary or emergency supply. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, aeration (spray), coagulation with alum, sedimentation, addition of soda ash for pH control, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 000, 000 gal. 

At the time of the collection of the samples lime instead of soda ash was being used 

for pH control in the treatment process. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Bayou Finished Bayou Finished 

Desiarda water Desiarda water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••. 0.8 0.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.••••..•••• . 25 . 04 Total ~······ .......... 19 36 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 .00 Noncarbonate ..••.• 0 20 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 4.3 11 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.9 2. 1 Color···················· -- -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 7.6 7. 7 pH ....................... 6.7 7. 0 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.6 -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) ...•. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 27 20 25 C.) •••.••••.••••.. 81 130 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 3. 1 16 Turbidity ••....•.••.•.. -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••.•. 5.2 16 Temperature (F.) ••• 76 76 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••. . 3 . 2 Date of collection •.. May 1, May 1, 

Nitrate (NOJ .••..•••. 1.5 . 5 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids •..•. 51 75 

aRaw water. 

35 
LOUISIANA 

NE\\t~ IBERIA 

(Population, 16, 467) 

Ownership: Central-Louisiana Electric Co. 

Source: 4 wells (U.S. G. S. wells 1-i, 1-12, 1-18, and 1-63) for regular supply; 

Bayou Teche, auxiliary or emergency supply. The depths of the wells are reported to be 290, 250, 278, and 288ft; and the yields (well 1-1, not reported), 

1, 800, 1, 000, and 1, 760 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (cascades), softening with lime, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 850, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 500,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well Finished Well 

1-1 water 1-1 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••.•••. 42 36 Hardness as CaC08 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• 1.7 . 24 Total :.······ .......... 395 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 99 16 

MagneSium (Mg) ••••• 36 27 Color ............. ··~· .... 10 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 20 26 pH ...•................... 7.2 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 12 1.6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 540 216 25 c. ) ............... 785 

Sulfate (504) •••••••••• . 5 . 5 Turbidity •••.•••••••••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.•..• 8.5 13 Temperature (F.) ••. 74 

Fluoride (F) •••••.•••• .8 . 2 Date of collection ••• Oct. 19, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• . 0 10 . 1950 

Dissolved solids ••••• 476 231 

Depth (feet) ································································ 290 

Diameter (inches) ....................................•................... 12-10 

Date drilled ............................................................... -- Percent of supply ......................................................... --

36 

Finished 

water 

151 

0 

5 

7. 6 

391 

--

-- Mar. 19, 

1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

LOUISIANA 

NEW ORLEANS 

(Population, 570, 445) 

Source: Mississippi River. Auxiliary and emergency supplies can be obtained 

from Jefferson Parish, East Jefferson Water District 1. 

Treatment: Carrollton Plant, plain sedimentation, softening with lime, sedimentation, activated carbon at times for taste and odor control, coagulation with 

ferrous sulphate, sedimentation, ammoniation, polyphosphates for stabilization, 

chlorination, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of activated 

carbon when required. 

Algiers Plant, prechlorination, coagulation with ferrous sulphate, softening 

with lime, sedimentation, ammoniation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of activated carbon for taste and odor control when required. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Carrollton Plant, 112,000,000 gpd; Algiers 

Plant, 7, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Carrollton Plant, 15,000,000 gal; Algiers Plant, 

7 ' 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Anal yses, m pars t perm ill" 1on, b y u. s. Geo 1 ogic al Survey ) 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ........................... 

Manganese (Mn) .................. 

Calcium (Ca) .•••.•.•.•.•..••••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) ................. 

Sodi~ (Na) .•.•••••••.•.•.••.••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COs) •.••••.•••••••••• 

~icarborulte (IICOJ •••..••••.••• 

Sulfate (SOJ. • • · • •• • ................ 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•••••.••••••.••• 

Fluoride (F) ..............•....•. 

Nitrate (NOs) •••••.••••.•••••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••.••••••••.••• 

llardness as CaC03 : 

Total ............................. 

Noncaroonate •.•••..•••••••••• 

Color ................... ............ 

pH .•......•...••..••..••••..••.•..•.• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c •.. ) •••••• 

Turbidity .......................... 

Temperature (F.) ••••.••••••••• 

Date of collection ~ •••••••••••••• 

acarrollton Plant. 

b Algi·ers Plant. 

Raw 

water a 

10 

. 36 

. 00 

47 

14 

21 

. 8 

0 

161 

51 

24 

. 3 

2.5 

262 

175 

43 

--

7.5 

438 

--

-- ~ug. 31,1951 

37 

Finished 

watera 

12 

. 08 

. 00 

16 

8. 1 

21 

. 8 

0 

37 

52 

26 

. 2 

2.0 

158 

73 

43 

--

7. 1 

270 

--

-- Aug.31,1951 

Raw Finished 

waterb waterb 

10 10 

. 17 . 03 

. 00 . 00 

48 20 

14 8.3 

21 20 

. 8 . 8 

0 6 

162 24 

51 58 

24 27 

. 3 . 3 

2.0 2.0 

266 166 

177 84 

45 54 

-- -- 7.5 8.8 

439 285 

--. -- -- -- Aug. 31,1951 Aug. 31, 1951 
LOUISIANA 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 a 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (pprn) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 95 135 61 8. 1 8.5 7.9 133 200 88 535 1770 55 

Finished water~ .. 35 52 27 10. 1 10.6 9. 5 75 109 54 . 1 1.2 . 0 

acarrollton Plant. 

38 
LOUISIANA 

SHREVEPORT 

(Population, 127, 206) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies Bossier City, and approximately 27,000 people 

outside of the city limits, including Barksdale Field. Total population supplied, 

about 169, 700. 

Source: Cross Lake. 

Treatment: (Both plants) addition of lime, ammoniation, coagulation with alum, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: Cross Lake Plant, 15,000,000 gpd; McNeill 

St. Plant, 14, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 6, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished. 

water a water a water a water a 

Silica (SiOj ..•••..••• 7.8 7.4 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) .••.•..•.••••. . 19 . 06 Total ~.. ................ 48 68 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••... 24 35 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 10 18 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 5.7 5.6 Color···················· -- -- Sodium (Na) ..•••••••• 23 23 pH ...•..•.•.••..•....•..• 6.9 7. 1 

Potassium (K) ••..••• 2.0 3.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) .•... 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 30 40 25 c. ) •.•..•...•••..• 230 270 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 25 33 Turbidity ..•..•...•.•.• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ..••••.•• 36 41 Temperature (F.) ••. 73 74 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 . 1 Date of collection ... May 3, May 3, 

Nitrate (NOs) .••..•••. 1.0 .0 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids •..•. 133 162 

Regular determifUJ,ti.ona.at treatment plant 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 22 30 7 6.6 7.5 6.0 38 42 33 17 35 9 

Finished water ..... 32 38 27 9.0 9.5 8.5 63 68 60 0 0 0 

across Lake Plant. 

39 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

ADA 

(Population, 15, 995) 

Source: Byrd's Mill Spring, in watershed of Clear Boggy Creek, tributary to 

Muddy Boggy Creek. The water plant is located just south of the city limits at 

the spring. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: Elevated storage, 1, 000, 000 gal. 

The water plant is just south of the city limits at the spring. The water is 

pumped from the storage reservoir at the plant to the distribution mains. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

water 

Finished 

water 

Silica (Si~) •........•••.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•...••.•...•••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•...•..••••. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ..••......••••. 

Potassium (K) ....•...•... 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ...•..•••.•.•• 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

7.7 

. 0 

81 

39 

4.3 

. 8 

0 

418 

8.6 

5.5 

.0 

4.0 

357 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....................... . 

Nonc.arbo11ate •••••.•••••• 

Color ......................... . 

J)ll •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity .•••••.••.•••••.••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••••• 

Date of collection •••••••.• 

40 

362 

20 

5 

7.9 

608 

--

-- May 3, 1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

ARDMORE 

(Population, 17, 890) 

Source: Hickory Creek, impounded in Mountain Lake, and a small lake in a 

natural depression, both in watershed of Caddo Creek. Mountain Lake overflows into City Lake. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. Copper sulfate is used for the control of algae. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Mountain Lake and small natural lake, 2, 304 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 720,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is about 5 miles south of the city at City Lake. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

water 

Finished 

water 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•......•.•..••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•....•....•.. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ............. . 

Carbonate (CO,) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

3.4 

.02 

49 

6.3 

7.9 

1.8 

0 

163 

22 

8.2 

.1 

. 5 

181 

Hardness as CaCOa: 

Total ....................... . 

NCdl4!aurtH>IUlte .••.••••.... 

Color •....•....•••....•.•.•.... 

pH •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ••......•.••••..•••. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••.•• 

Date of collection .••..•••. 

41 

148 

15 

5 

7.7 

313 

--

-- May 3, 1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

BARTLESVILLE 

(Population, 19, 228) 

Source: Butler Creek impounded in Lake Hudson, in watershed of Verdigris 

River. Auxiliary supply, Caney River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, carbon at times, 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. Copper sulfate when needed for algae 

control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1, 726, 000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 400,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is at the northern boundary of the city. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished Finished Finished 

water water water 

Silica (SiO:a) ..•••••••• 0.6 2.0 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ......•••••••. . 10 . 26 Total .................. 69 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 19 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••. 21 22 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 4. 1 3.5 Color .................... 15 

Sodium (Na) •..•.••••• 4.7 4.7 pH ..•••.•••.••••••••.•.•. 8.1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 3.6 2.6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ..... 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 61 62 25 c.) •.•...•.•.••..• 171 

Sulfate (804) •••••••••• 20 19 Turbidity ..•••••.•••••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••.•• 9.0 10 Temperature (F.) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••.•••• .o . 1 Date of collection ••• May 16, 

Nitrate (NOJ .••..•••. . 7 . 1 1951 

Dissolved solids •.••. 105 103 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Finished 

water 

69 

18 

15 

7.6 

170 

--

-- July 25, 

1951 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Temperature 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 51 54 45 7.3 7.5 7. 1 45 48 40 50 54 45 

Finished water ... 48 51 44 8. 1 8.7 7.7 60 62 58 48 51 44 

42 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

CIDCKASHA 

(Population, 15, 842) 

Source: Washita River. The water is taken directly frmn the river to the treatment plant at northeast edge of town at the river. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, ·sedimentation, carbon at times, 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 250,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•........•..•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) .••.••••• 

Sodium (Na) ...•........•.. 

Potassium (K) ..•....••... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) ....•..•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•...••.. 

Finished 

water 

15 

.0 

196 

63 

78 

4.8 

0 

322 

529 

79 

.1 

. 1 

1,120 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total •..•......•..•......••• 

Noncarbon.ate •••.•.•••••• 

Color •.•..••...•••••..•.•••••.. 

pH .••..•.••..•••••.••.••......•• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ... 0. 0. 0 0 ••• 0 0 ••• 0 0 0. 0 

Turbidity ••.....••.••••••••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 0 o 

Date of collection o o ••••••• 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 8.2 -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... 270 -- -- 7.4 -- -- -- -- --

43 

Finished 

water 

748 

484 

5 

7.5 

1,520 

Nov. 10, 1950 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

-- -- -- -- -- --
Ownership i Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

DUNCAN 

(Population, 15, 325) 

Source: Clear Creek impounded in Clear Creek Lake (sometimes called Chisholm 

Trail Lake) 11 miles northeast of the city. Auxiliary supply, Fitzpatric Creek 

impounded in Lake Duncan, 8 miles northeast of the city. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, carbon at times,_ 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 750, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Clear Creek Lake, 9, 600 acre-ft; Lake Duncan, 5, 000 acreft. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 620,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is about 5 miles east of the city. 

At the time of sampling the entire supply was being taken from Clear Creek Lake. 

Lake Duncan is seldom used. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•..•.•.•...••... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .••...•.•••.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) .••...••. 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ...•...••... 

Carbonate (COs) ········~· Bicarbonate (HCOs) ...•. 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..•.. 

Fluoride (F) .......•....•.• 

Nitrate (NOs) .......•...... 

Dissolved solids .....••.. 

Finished 

water 

1.2 

. 0 

61 

17 

6. 5 

4.1 

a162 

102 

6.5 

. 1 

1.1 

280 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total •..•.••.•......••....•. 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••.•• 

Color ••...•..•.•••••..•.•.••... 

pH .••••••••...•••••••.••.••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity •..........••••.•.•. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••..• 

Date of collection •••••••.. 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaCOs pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Mu Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 8.0 8.2 7.6 -- -- -- Finished water ... -- -- -- 7. 9 8.2 7. 1 -- -- -- alncludes the equivalent of less than 5 ppm of carbonate (COs). 

44 

Finished 

water 

222 

89 

0 

8. 5 

443 

--

-- Feb. 8, 1951 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

-- -- -- -- -- --
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

EL RENO 

(Population, 10, 991) 

Source: 11 wells, 51 to 55ft deep, all located in the same general area at the 

north edge of the city limits. The yield of the wells is reported to range from 

100 to 530 gpm. 

Treatment: Softening with lime and soda ash, sedimentation (upward flow cylindrical tanks), recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1, 500, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is near the wells. 

ANALYSEs· 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw 

Water a water a Water a 

Silica (SiOj •••••••••• 18 14 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• .0 . 02 Total t.e••············· 370 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 146 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 94 26 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 33 15 Color .................... 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 96 131 pH ......••...•.........•. 7.5 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 6.2 5. 6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 273 77 25 c. ) ............... 1,080 

SuHate (SOJ •••••••••• 185 188 'Purbidity .............. -- Chloride ( Cl) ••••••••• 115 115 Temperature (F.) ••• -~ 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 6 . 7 Date of collection ••• Feb. 8, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.5 1.0 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 688 534 

Regular determi?mtions at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Finished 

water a 

127 

63 

0 

7.9 

878 

--

; -- Feb. 8, 

1951 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 230 288 204 7.2 -- -- 350 528 304 -- -- -- Finished water ..... 65 75 55 8.8 -- -- 138 150 120 -- -- --

awells 10, 13, 17, and 21 pumping at time of the collection of the samples. 

45 
OKLAHOMA 

ENID 

(Population, 36, 017) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Vance Air Force Base. 

Source: Wells (6 well fields): Carrier Field, 16 wells (1 to 16, well 14 abandoned) 

65 to 75ft deep; Northwest Field, 10 wells (1 to 10, well 4 abandoned) approximately 60ft deep; Van Buren Field, 8 wells (1 to 8, wells 4 and 7 abandoned) 

approximately 55 ft deep; 2 wells (1 and 2) back of Water Plant, 45 ft deep; 5 

wells (1 to 5) Ames Terrace, Frisco-Right-of-Way, approximately 60ft deep; 

7 wells (1 to 7) Ames Terrace, between the towns of Ames and Drummond, 

approximately 120 ft deep. (The wells of the last named group are not being 

used because of litigation. ) The yield of the wells being used is reported to 

range from 50 to 225 gpm, which is 60 percent of capacity. 

~ .~ '"'""twt;nt: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 16, 000, 000 gal. 

The water from all the wells is mixed at the plant before being pumped to the city 

and distribution. The analysis given represents mixed water from 31 wells 

being pumped at the time of the collection of the sample. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (SiO?) ............. .. 

Iron (Fe) .-..............•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) .... . 

Sulfate (S04 ) ............. .. 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) ............ .. 

Dissolved solids ....... .. 

Finished 

water 

23 

. 02 

51 

11 

58 

3.2 

0 

266 

21 

39 

. 1 

9.1 

346 

46 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total •..•............•...•.. 

Noncarbonate ..•.•.•.••.. 

Color ..•..•..•.••.....•.•.•.... 

pH .••..•.••...•.••..•..•...•..•• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ..................... . 

Turbidity •••.......••••...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••.•• 

Date of collection •••••.•.. 

Finished 

water 

172 

0 

0 

7. 1 

575 

May 17, 1951 
OKLAHOMA 

LAWTON 

(Population, 34, 757) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Fort Sill and Medicine Park. Total population supplied, about 43, 500. 

Source: Medicine Bluff Creek impounded in Lake Lawtonka, about 15 miles northwest of Lawton at the town of Medicine Park. 

Treatment: Coagulaticn with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 42, 000 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 6, 500, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is at Medicine Park. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.......... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) .••..•••. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) .............. . 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Finished 

water 

2.4 

. 0 

44 

8.2 

9.1 

2.4 

0 

160 

19 

10 

. 1 

.4 

175 

Hardness a~ CaCOs: 

'l;'otal ....................... . 

Noncarbonate .••....•..•. 

Color •••.....•.•••....•.•••.... 

pH •••• o o •• • • o • e• ••• o • •• o •• o o • o • • 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity •.•.....•..•••...... 

Temperature (F. ) •••••.•... 

Date of collection ••••..... 

47 

Finished 

water 

144 

12 

0 

7.8 

307 

--

-- Feb. 7, 1951 

l60te 
OKLAHOMA 

MCALESTER 

(Population, 17, 878) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies a small population outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 17, 900. 

Source: Bull, Bodark, and Lily Pad Creeks impounded in Lake McAlester, 6 to 8 

miles northwest of the city. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, activated carbon at 

times, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 13,800 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 400, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is about 3 miles north of the State Penitentiary. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•.•..••.. 

Manganese (Mn) ..•••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•..........•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ......•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ..•.....•... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..••. 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•.••.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•...••.. 

Finished 

water 

1.4 

. 05 

13 

3.0 

6.2 

2.0 

0 

30 

28 

5.5 

. 1 

. 2 

74 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total •••••.....•...••.••.••. 

Noncarbonate .••••••••••• 

Color ••••.••••.•••.•....•..••.. 

pH ••••• ••••· .•••••••••••.••••••• 

Specific conductance 

{micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ••.•.•..••••••••••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.••.• 

Date of collection ••••.•... 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 26 20 32 7.0 7.4 6.8 22 28 16 

Finished water .... 32 24 36 8.5 8.8 8.0 50 60 30 

48 

Finished 

water 

45 

20 

5 

7.9 

120 

--

-- May 2, 1951 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

-- -- -- -- -- --
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

MIAMI 

(Population, 11, 801) 

Source: 5 wells (1 to 5), 1, 233, 1, 000, 1, 252, 1, 116, and 1, 345ft deep. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 300, 300, 350~ 470, and 510 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 2, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Uo So Geological Survey) 

Silica (SiO:J o o o o o o o o o o o. o •• o o ••.•••••• 

Iron (Fe) ............................. . 

Manganese (Mn.) o••••••oo•••o•••o••o• 

Calcium (Ca) · ·· ·· ·· ................. . 

Magnesium (M.g) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Sodium (Na). o••. o• •• o• o o. o. o ••••••••• 0 

Potassium (K) •• o ••• o. 0 ••••• 0 0 0 •••••• 

Carbonate (COs) 00 o ••••••••••••••• 0 •• 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) ••.•.•••••••••••• 

Sulfate (SO 4). ••••••••••••••• o •••••• " ••• 

Chloride (Cl) •••o••••o•••············· 

Fluoride (F') ••••• 0 ••••••••••• 0 •••••• o. 

Nitrate (NOs) ••• "'" ••••••••••• o •••• o o •• 

Dissolved solids • o •••••••••••••••••• 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ............................... . 

Non car bonate ••••••• o •••••••••••.•• 

Color .................................. . 

pH •....•.•.......•.•••.••..••.•.•••..•.•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) •••.•••••• o 

Turbidity ............... ............. . Temperature (F. ) o •.•••••.•••••••••• 

Wells 3 & 4a 

(composite) 

9. 1 

.01 

31 

14 

29 

2. 5 

0 

149 

15 

42 

. 3 

1.4 

217 

135 

13 

5 

8. 1 

386 

Date of collection •••••••••••• 0 ...... May 15, 19~1 

Depth (feet) ... o .............................•• o •.•.••••••.• 

Diameter (inches) ........................••..•••.•....... 

Date drilled ....•........................•.. o ••.. o ...•..• o •. 

Percent of supply .................•.....••.....••.•.••... 

Well3 

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

152 

--

120 

--

--

326 

152 

27 

--

--

663 

--

-- May 15, 1951 

1,252 

10% 

1921 

--

aPun1ping at the time of the collection of the samples. 

49 

Well4 

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

148 

--

16 

--

--

169 

134 

13 

--

--

305 

--

-- May 15, 1951 

1, 116 

15 

1946 

--
• 

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Neosho River. 

OKLAHOMA 

MUSKOGEE 

(Population, 37, 289) 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, softening with excess lime, sedimentation, recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 10, 000, 000 gal. 

The water is taken directly from the river to the treatment plant northeast of 

Muskogee just above the confluence ·of the Neosho with the Arkansas River. 

ANALYSES 

' {Analyses, in parts per million by U . . S Geological Survey} 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOJ •.•••••••• 9. 1 7.1 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) .•••••.••••••• . 14 .05 Total ~········· ...... 120 88 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 35 50 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 37 24 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 6.8 6.9 Color·••••••e•••••••••••• 100 5 

Sodium (Na) • o ••••••• 0 8.8 8. 6 pH ..••..•...••..••...•..• 7.7 9.3 

Potassium (K) • u •••• 2.9 2. 5 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 8 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 104 30 25 C.) e•••• •••••••••• 277 217 

Sulfate (SOJ • o o. o o ••• o 42 48 Turbidity •o••••oo••••o• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ooooo•• •• 8.0 12 Temperature (F.) ••• 51 52 

Fluoride (F) •••• ooo••• . o 0 1 Date of collection • o • Nov. 29, Nov. 29, 

Nitrate (NOJ o••······ 2.8 2.4 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids •••• o 180 137 

Regular detetminations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

{ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 85 90 68 7.8 8.2 6.0 115 128 88 35 300 20 

Finished water .... 30 40 23 8.7 9.4 8.4 75 90 56 -- -- --

50 
OKLAHOMA 

NORMAN 

(Population, 27, 006) 

Ownership: Municipal; University of Oklahoma. The University has its own wells 

and supply system and serves an estimated total population of 15, 000. 

Source: Municipal; 12 wells (1 to 12), 535 to 671 ft deep. Well 7 was not being 

pumf:)ed at the time of the collection of sample since it was being used as an 

observation well. Two additional wells were under construction. Several 

wells pump directly into the distribution mains. 

Tr€atment: None. 

Storage: 1, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Municipal Municipal 

wells wells 

-::-:-:-:--~=:-::~------+...:.'(c_o_m......:.p_o_s_it_e.:.......j) 1-:-----:------:--:------~(c_o_m~p.os~_!_eJ_ Silica (Si02 ) ••••••• '"...... 9. 7 Hardness as CaCOs: 

Iron (Fe) . . . • .. . . • . . . • . . • . . . . o 2 Total ...•.................•. 

Manganese (Mn) .. • .. •• • .. _ _ Noncarbonate .••••.•...•. 

Calcium (Ca) ............ .. 

Magnesium (Mg) ....... .. 

Sodium (Na) ............. .. 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (CO,) ........ .. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ... .. 

Sulfate (S04) .............. . 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) ............. . 

Dissolved solids ....... .. 

2.0 

0 7 

207 

3.2 

34 

359 

96 

13 

• 3 

0 5 

550 

Color •..•..•.•.•.•.•. .•. : .•.... 

pH •••..•.•••..••••.•••.•.....•.. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ........... 0 •••••••••• 

Turbidity ..••.•.•...•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•••• 

Date of collection •••..••.. 

51 

8 

0 

5 

9. 1 

877 

May 21, 1951 
OKLAHOMA 

OKLAHOMA CITY 

(Population, 243, 504) 

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: North Canadian River by diversion into two off-channel reservoirs, Lake 

Hefner and Lake Overholser, approximately 8 miles northwest of the center of 

the city. 

Treatment: (Both plants) softening with excess lime, coagulation with alum, carbon at times for taste and odor control, sedimentation, recarbonation, rapid 

sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Lake Hefner Plant, 24,000, 000 gpd; Lake 

Overholser Plant, 15, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Hefner, 75, 000 acre-ft; Lake Overholser, 16, 000 acreft .. 

Finished-water storage: Elevated, 5, 500,000 gal; other, 25,500,000 gal. 

Lake Overholser treatment plant is in the city and water from this plant is generally served in the central and southern parts of the city. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

watera water a water a water a 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••.•••• 1.7 1.7 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• .12 . 0 Total ................... 183 90 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 39 49 

CaJ.cium (Ca) ···~····· 47 18 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 16 11 Color···················· 60 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 50 49 pH ..••..•••..•.....•.•... 8.2 10.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 5. 4 5. 4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 b16 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 176 0 25 c.) ............... 596 479 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 70 73 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 60 64 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 0 3 .3 Date of collection ••• May 26, ·May 26, 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• 1.3 . 5 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 364 262 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950C 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 143 150 136 8.5 8.9 8. 1 

Finished water ... 39 53 26 10.3 11.0 9.6 

~Lake Hefner. 

Sample contained 5 ppm of Hydroxide (OH). 

cFiscal year, July 1949, to June 1950. 

52 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

190 200 175 14 25 10 

90 100 73 -- -- --
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

OKMULGEE 

(Population, 18, 317) 

Source: Salt Creek impounded in Lake Okmulgee. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, carbon when necessary, rapid sand filtration; and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 4, 300, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 150,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is about 3 miles west of the city. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ..........•..•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•...••.•.•..•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•..••.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) ...........•••. 

Potassium (K) •••••.•••••• 

Carbonate (CO,) ••••.••••. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) •..•..•••.•••• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .....••.. 

Finished 

water 

5.0 

. 20 

17 

6.2 

28 

2.1 

0 

40 

16 

58 . 0 

• 2 

171 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ••.•.........•......•.. 

Noncarbonate .••.•.••.•.. 

Color ••.•.•..•.•••.•..•....••.. 

pH •••..•••••••••••••••••..•••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity •••..•.•...••••.••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••... 

Date of collection •••.•••.• 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness. 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Raw water .•.•••••• 22 22 20 7.0 7.0 6.8 -- -- -- Finished water ••. 32 36 28 8.6 9.0 8.0 66. 70 60 

53 

Finished 

water 

68 

35 

25 

8.1 

289 

52 

Nov.29, 1951 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

75 140 50 

17 20 15 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

PONCA CITY 

(Population, 20, 180) 

Source: Turkey Creek impounded in Lake Ponca, 50 percent of supply; 5 wells, 

all approximately 60 ft deep, 50 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

chlorination, and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Ponca, 14, 930 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Ponca Wells Finished 

(raw water) {raw water)a waterb 

Silica (SiOJ •••.•.•••••.•••••••.•••••• -- -- 5.0 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium. (Ca) • •• •••••••••••••••••••••• 27 121 56 

Magnesium. (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 6.0 97 9.8 

Sodium. (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• } { 27 

Potassium. (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 132 4.4 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••.•••••••• 109 486 206 

Sulfate (SO.). ........................... 11 361 30 

Chloride ( Cl) .......................... 7.0 126 32 

Fluoride (I? .......................... -- -- . 1 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6. 5 44 1.0 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 13.4 1,120 268 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ••••.••..•••.••••••..•• ~ .••..•••• 92 701 180 

Noncarbonate •••••.••••••••••••• -•• 3 303 11 

Color ••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••• -- -- 5 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- 7.9 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• 213 1,700 469 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•.•••••••••••.•• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• July 21, 1950 July 21, 1950 May 17, 1951 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 136 1,10 130 8.0 8.2 7.9 125 130 120 15 20 10 

Finished water ... 180 190 170 7.:1 7.5 7.3 200 215 191 -- -- -- acomposite (wells 1 to 4). 

bLake Ponca 50 percent; wells (1, 2, and 4) 50 percent. 

54 
Ownership: Municipal. · 

OKLAHOMA 

SAPULPA 

(Population, 13, 031) 

Source: Rock Creek impounded in Lake Sahoma. 

Trea~ment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, carbon at times, 

rapid sand filtration , and chlorination. Copper sulfate is used for algae controt when needed. · 

R~l.ted capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 3, 000 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 475,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is at the .east edge ·Of the city limits. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Uo S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •.. 0 •••••• 0 0. 0. 

Iron (Fe) •o ····o····· ...... . Manganese (Mn) •• 0 ••••• 0. 

Calcium (Ca) .•••.. o •• 0 0. o. 

Magnesium (Mg) . 0 ••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ...•....... 0 0 •• 

Potassium (K) 0 ••• 0 •• 0 •••• 

Carbonate (COs) ·····••o•• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •o••· 

Sulfate (S04 ) • o ••• o ••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ...•... 0 0 ••••• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•.... 0 •• 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••• 0 ••••• 

Dissolved solids ····••o•• 

Finished 

water 

3.9 

. 02 

29 

6.3 

17 

2.8 

0 

50 

50 

31 

.1 

1.7 

181 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total •..•.... o. o ......... o o ••• 

NoncarboMte oo•• o•••••oo 

Color .••. o •• o•• •o•o o •••• o••o •• o 

pH •••••••••• ·• •••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

. 25 c.) ooooooo. 000.00.00 ••• 0. 

Turbidity 000000 ·o···•••o••··· 

Temperature (F. ) ••••• o •••• 

Date of collection o• o ••• o. o 

55 

Finished 

water 

98 

57 

20 

7.5 

297 

May 15, 1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

SEMINOLE 

(Population, 11, 863) 

Source: 15 wells (1 to 15), 525 to 763 ft deep, all within the city limits. The 

yield of the wells is reported to range from 40 to 240 gpm. 

Treatment:. Chlorination of· water from 9 wells pumped through th~ main pumping 

statimi. Other ·wells pump directly into distribution system and are not chlorinated. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 300,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 500,000 gal. 

Wells 10 and 11 were not in use at time of collection of samples. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. $. Geological Survey) 

Wells 1 to 

9 (com- Well12 Well 13 Well 15 

oosite) 

Silica (SiO.) •••••.•••••..••. -- -- -- -- Iron (Fe) ••••.•..••..••..••• -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) ••••••• ·'· -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••.....•.••. -- -- -- -- Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- Sodium (Na) .... , .......... -- -- -- -- Potassium (K) •••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (C<Js) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••.•• 188 226 194 180 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••..•..••. 4.0 6.0 4.0 3.5 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Nitrate (N<Js) •••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Dissolved solids ......... ., 201 214 202 230 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....••••.•••..•....... 116 52 128 102 

Noncarbonate ···••···•·• 0 0 0 0 

Color ..•.••..••..••.....••.•• -- -- -- -- pH ...........•...•......•...•. --· -- -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 394 411 396 408 

Turbidity .•••••••••.••...... -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••.•••.. May 1, May 1, May 1, May 1, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 620-763 638 750 732 

Diameter (inches) ........ 8-10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 

Date drilled .............•. -- -- -- 1950 

Percent of supply .•...••. -- -- -- --

56 

Finished 

water 

(city tap) 

9.8 

. 02 

-- 36 

8.2 

40 

2. 5 

0 

192 

47 

4.5 

. 3 

. 2 

244 

124 

0 

0 

7.8 

390 

--

-- May 1, 

1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OKLAHOMA 

SHAWNEE 

(Population, 22, 948) 

Source: South Deer Creekimpounded in Shawnee City Lake. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, carbon at times, 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. Copper sulfate is used for algae control when necessary. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 7, 700,000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 250, 000 gal. 

The treatment plant is at the southwest edge of the city limits. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ........•.••... 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.....••... 

Manganese (Mn) .•••.••••. 

Calcium (Ca) ......•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•.......•... 

Potassium (K) •.•••••••••. 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••....• 

Fluoride (F) .......•.•..... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

Finished 

water 

4.3 

. 11 

19 

6.5 

9.0 

2.3 

0 

61 

25 

11 

. 4 

. 8 

108 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .•................•.... 

Noncarbonate •••.•••...•• 

Color .••..••••.••..•....•...... 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.••. 

Specific conductance 

.(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity •.•....•...•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.•.•.. 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity . Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... 65 74 58 -- -- -- 78 90 68 

57 

Finished 

water 

74 

24 

10 

7.3 

185 

May 1, 1951 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

140 175 120 

-- -- --
OKLAHOMA 

STILLWATER 

(Population, 20, 238) 

Ownership: Oklahoma A. & M. College; supplies about 1, 800 people outside the 

city limits. Total population supplied, about 22,000. 

Source: Lake Carl Blackwell, approximately 10 miles west of Stillwater. Emergency supply, Boomer Lake, just north of the city limits. 

Treatment: Coagulation with ferrous sulfate, softening with excess lime, sedi-

. mentation, 'recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, OQO, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 17, 968, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 450,000 gaL 

The treatment plant is approximately 1 mile west of the College. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica {SiOa) •••••.•••• 2.9 2.3 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron {Fe) .-••.•.•••••••. .36 .02 Total .................. 133 60 

Manganese {Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 3 21 

Calcium (Ca) ···'!····· 32 14 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 13 6.0 Color .••••••••••••••••••• -- 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 17 18 pH ..••..••••••......•••... 8.0 9.8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 4.7 4.3 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 13 {micromhos at 

Bicarbonate {HCOJ 159 21 25 c.) ................ 321 221 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 15 26 'Purbidity ....•......... -- -- Chloride {Cl) ••••••••• 20 26 Temperature (F.) ••• 54 47 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• -- . 3 Date of collection ••• Jan. 12, · Dec. 20, 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••• . 8 . 7 1951 1950 

Dissolved solids ••••. 199 121 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity H~rdness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .......•. 131 146 104 8.2 8.6 7.9 124 155 113 39 to's 25 

Finished water ..... 128 150 90 8.5 9.6 6.2 75 142 36 -- -- --

58 
OKLAHOMA 

TULSA 

(Population, 182, 740) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies Skiatook, Sperry, Turley, and other consumers 

outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 220, 000. The city 

also supplies raw water to Owasso and Spavinaw. 

Source: Spavinaw Creek impounded in Spavinaw Lake about 70 miles northeast of 

Tulsa. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 40,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 10, 326, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 27, 500,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •.........•..•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.....•••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) .••...... 

Sodium (Na) .•••...•...•... 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (COs) .•........ 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl} .......•..•.•. 

Fluoride (F) .•.•...•.••.... 

Nitrate (N01) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .••...... 

Finished 

water 

4.3 

. o 

34 

1.4 

2.3 

1.1 

0 

102 

6.1 

5.8 

.1 

1.4 

114 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ••.••.....•..•.•.••..•. 

NoncarboiUlte .••.•.•..••• 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••.....•..................... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.} •••..•.•.....•........ 

Finished 

water 

91 

7 

5 

7.7 

191 

Turbidity . •.. .•. .. .••••..•... -- Temperature (F. ) • . • • • . • . . • __ 

Date of collection •••.•.... May 26, 1951 

Regular determinations at trrotment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 88 92 85 8.0 8.2 7.8 -- -- -- 16 61 6 

Finished water .... 85 89 80 7. 6· 7.7 7.5 93 94 93 . 2 1.3 . 1 

59 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

ABILENE 

(Population, 45, 570) 

Source: 3 lakes. Lake Abilene, approxi,mately 19~ miles southwest of Abilene on 

Elm Creek, about 25 percent of the supply; Lake Kirby, 4 miles south of 

Abilene on Cedar Creek, about 25 percent of the supply; La;ke Fort Phantqm 

Hill, 12 miles north of Abilene in Jones County, on Elm Creek, 50 percent of 

supply. · 

Treatment: Lake Abilene and North Second Street (Fort Phantom Hill) plants: 

prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and postchlorination. Lake Kirby plant: prechlorination,. coagulation with 

alum, sedimentation, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Lake Abilene, 4, 000,000 gpd; Lake Kirby, 

4, 000, 000 gpd; North Second Street, 8, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1 earthen reservoir, 20, 000, 000 gal; Lake capacities: 

Abilene, 3, 250,000,000 gal; Kirby, 3, 000,000,000 gal; Fort Phantom Hill, 

25, 000, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2 elevated tanks, 500, 000 gal each; 3 standpipes, 

85,000, 250, 000, and 250, 000 gal; clear wells: Lake Abilene plant, 600, 000 

gal; Lake Kirby plant, 500, 000 gal; and North Second Street plant, 2, 000, 000 

gal. 

Except in emergencies Lake Fort Phantom Hill supply is used throughout the year. 

Lake Abilene and Lake Kirby are used primarily in the summer months when 

demands are high. 

Water from Lake Abilene flows by gravity to a 20,000,000 gal earthen tank, from 

whence it flows by gravity to the treatment plant, 7~ miles south of Abilene 

on Buffalo Gap Road. The finished water is pumped to the city and into th~ distribution system and elevated storage. 

Water from Lake Kirby flows by gravity to the treatment plant, 1 mile south of 

Abilene. The finished water is pumped into the distribution system and elevated storage. 

Water from Lake Fort Phantom Hill is pumped to the treatment plant on North 

Second Street and Cottonwood Street. The finished water is pumped into the 

distribution system and elevated storage. 

60 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

IL. Abilene L. Kirby Lake Fort Lake Fort Finished 

(raw (raw Phantom Phantom water 

water) water) Hilla mna (city tap) 

Silica (SiOg) .•.••.•..•...... 9.6 5.5 6.0 1.2 0.8 

Iron (Fe) ••••....••...•..... -- -- -- 0 05 . 09 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- 0 00 .00 

Calcium (Ca) .•.......•.... 51 44 46 40 40 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 15 12 19 23 23 

Sodium (Na) ................ 9. 3 13 52 57 61 

Potassium (K) •.•..•...•.. 5. 1 4.9 8.5 8.0 6.8 

Carbonate (COs) .•••...... 9 12 12 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC08) ••••.•• 192 178 198 236 234 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 21 11 52 40 46 

Chloride {Cl) ••.•.•..•..••. 15 9.0 56 65 66 

Fluoride (F) •• · ••..••••..... . 2 il. 0 0 2 . 3 . 3 

Nitrate (N <>s> •••••••••••••• . 0 

2d9 

. 5 . 2 . 2 0 0 

Dissolved solids ......... 234 360 362 361 I 

Hardness as CaC<>s: I 

Total ...................... 189 1a9 193 194 194 

Noncarbonate • · • • • • · • · · · 17 !o 10 1 3 

I 

Color ........................ -- I 

-- -- 15 10 

pH ............................ -- I -- -- 7.8 7.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 c4 ) 407 1390 622 642 640 I Turbidity .•••.•..•...•...... -- i -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- I -- -- -- -- Date of collection • • . . . . . . , Apr. 18, Aprt 18, Apr. 19, Jan. 18, Jan. 18, 

1946 1~46 1946 1952 1952 -. -~ 

Regular determinations a~ treatment plant, 1961 b i 

Alkalinity I Hardness I 

as CaC03 plf as·caC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) I (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av ~ Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .....•... 190 230 165 I 

-- I -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... 185 220 160 8.2 8.4 7. 7 -- -- -- -- -- aRaw water. 

bAverage of all three plants. 

1 
TEXAS 

ALICE 

(Population, 16, 449) 

OWnership: Municipal; supplies also about 300 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 16, 750. 

Source: 7 wells (1 to 5, 11, and 12), 2, 068 (plugged 992ft), 622, 647, 550, 900, 

864, and 889ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to range from 110 to 

430 gpm. The wells are pumped individually. 

Treatment: Periodic chlorination (for example, during floods in the area). Each 

well is equipped with a chlorinating unit. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well1 Well2 Well3 Well4 Well5 

(raw water ~raw water) :raw water) {raw water) (raw water) 

Silica (SiO,.) ••.••.•••••.•.•. 29 22 18 25 18 

Iron (Fe) ••••....••..••..••. . 02 . 03 • 05 . 05 . 04 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .•.•..•.••.••. 23 20 43 42 30 

Magnesium (l4g) •••••••••• 8.8 8. 1 23 22 17 

Sodium (Na) .....••.••••••• 333 290 398 313 317 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 11 9.9 12 11 10 

C~rbonate (COs) •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••.•• 345 353 315 362 358 

Sulfate (SO,.) ••••••••••••••• 196 117 165 115 128 

Chloride (Cl) ............... 237 214 448 325 289 

Fluoride (F) •••••.••••••••. 1.0 . 9 . 9 2. 1 1.2 

Nitrate (NO.) •••••••••••••• 11 12 22 12 12 

Dissolved solids _ ••..••••. 1,030 876 1, 290 1, 090 1,020 

Hardness as .cacea: 

Total ...................... 94 84 202 196 145 

Noncarbonate •.••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ........................ -- -- -- -- -- pa ............................ 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 1,880 1,630 2,480 2,070 1,740 

Turbidity ................... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 86 85 82 81 -- Date of collection ••.••... Mar. 5, Mar. Q, Mar. 5, Mar. 5, Sept. 27, 

1945 1945 1945 1945 1945 

Depth (feet) ............... 1,076 ·622 647 550 900 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16-8 5 10 10 16-8 

Date drilled ....•....... ! .. 1928 1938 1940 1944 19~5 

Percent of supply ......•. -- -- -- -- --

62 
TEXA\S I 

II 

AMARl4LO 

(Population, 174, 246) 

Ownership: Municipal. 1 

Source: 47 wells in several well fields southwest of the city of Amarillo in the 

northern section of Randall County. P~o Duro Field: 10 wells (1 to 10), each 

200ft deep, with a reported average yH~ld of 657 gpm; Greely: 7 wells (1 to 

7), 264 to 313 ft deep, with a reported ~verage yield of 951 gpm; Bush: 6 

wells (one unnumbered, and 1 to 5), 23~ to 305ft deep, with a reported average 

yield of 955 gpm; McDonald: 6 wells q to 6), 270 to 336 ft deep and each reported to yield 750 gpm; Bassett: 2 wells (1 and 2), 265 and 280ft deep, and 

each reported to yield 750 gpm; Brink~an: 1 well (1), 277 ft deep and reported to yield 700 gpm; West-Tex: 6 well~ (1 to 6), 260 to 300 ft deep, with a reported average yield of about 1, 200 gp~; Sec 98: 1 well (3), 273 ft deep and 

reported to yield 98 gpm. (Data for th~ remaining. 8 wells, not reported) 

:Creatncent: Chlorination. ', 

Rated capacity of transmission plant: 23, 3~0, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. I 

Finished-water storage: 3 ground storage ~eservoirs,, 5, 000, 000 gal, each; 3 elevated tanks, 1, 000,000 gal, each; 1 eletated tank·, SOO, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually to the transmission plant. The water is chlorinated at the transmission plant prior to 1

! going into the distribution system. 

The analyses selected are reasonably repr~,sentative of the water furnished by the 

wells. 

' , . . ANAL'$ES 

(Analyses in parts per million 1 by U S Geological Survey) 

!Palo Duro Palo _J~ro Greely Bush McDonald 

Welll Wel~ 6 Welll Welll Weill 

Silica (SiO,.) ••.••....•....•. 61 6$ 80 67 --mr 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•..••..... . 02 '!,.04 .0 .0 .06 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- i, 

-- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 58 3~ 32 58 35 

Magnesium (Mg) .......... 62 3~ 43 26 35 

Sodium (Na) ••...•.••.•.••• 36 3~ 25 24 28 

Potassium (K) •.•••••••••• 4.2 ~.0 8.0 6.0 5.8 

Carbonate (COs) •••••••••• 0 q 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ...... 440 32Q 328 288 298 

Sulfate (804) ................ 84 351

, 34 50 26 

Chloride (C'l) .••••••••••••. 16 121

1 7.0 9. 0 10 

Fluoride (F) ••••..•.••..••. 3.6 31.2 3.2 2.4 3;2 

Nitrate (NOa) •.•.••.•...••. 3.8 3' 2 2.8 3.5 3.8 

Dissolved solids ......... 545 388\ 397 388 358 

Hardness as .CaC<>s: 

Tota.l •..••••••••.........•. 400 2401 257 252 232 

Noncarbonate ........... 39 01, 0 16 0 

Color ........................ II 

-- !-- -- -- -- pH ••....••••.••.••.••••.•••.•. 7.6 1.8 7. 6 7.4 7.7 

Specilic conductance ', 

(micromhos at .25 c. ) 799 ~86 584 534 529 

Turbidity ................... -- '-- -- -- -- Temperature (F" ) •••••••. I -- -- --· -- -- Date of collection ••...... Dec. 11, Dec. 1

1

11, June 23, June 23, Dec. 11, 

1947 1941 1948 1948 1947 

Depth (feet) ............... 200 2)?0 313 296 270 

Diameter (inches) ........ 10 

19~~ 16 16 18 

Date drilled . ~ ............. 1927 1944 1943 1929 

Percent of supp~y ........ -- ~- -- -- -- 1 

63 
TEXAS 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million!_ by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •........•••.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•.... o •••••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••• 0. 

Calcium (Ca) .......... 0 ••• 

Magnesium (Mg) •.•...... 

Sodium (Na) .•••........... 

Potassium (K) •...•...•... 

Carbonate (CO,) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC08 ) •o••· 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•.••.... 

Nitrate (N08 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .....•••. 

West-Tex 

Welll 

65 

39 

33 

26 

. 08 

4.8 

0 

296 

37 

7.0 

2.4 

1.8 

362 

Hardness as cacas: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate •••••.•.•.•. 

Color ......................... . 

pH ••••• •••••••••••• ••G. • •• •••. •• Specific conductance 

1

.. (micromhos at 

25 c~ ) ..................... . Turbidity ••••....•.••••...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.••... 

West-Tex 

Weill 

233 

0 

7.8 

549 

64 

June 18, 1951 

Depth (feet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . .. . . •. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . 270 

Diameter (inches) ..... ... .. .. . ............ .. ...•.. ........... .. ....... ..... ......... 16 

Date drilled ··················~····················· ·····~···························· 1948 Percent of supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --

64 
TEXAS 

AUSTIN 

(Population, 132, 459) 

Ownership: Municipal; the city furnishes about 18,000 people outside the city 

limits. Total population supplied, about 150, 500. 

Source: Colorado River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with iron salts (ferrous sulfate), softening with lime, ammoniation, chlorination, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 32, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1 ground reservoir, 10, 000, 000 gal; 1 underground reservoir, 2, 000, 000 gal; clear well, 4, 000, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from the river to the treatment plant, located nearby within 

the city limits. The finished water is pumped to the distribution system and 

storage. ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Colorado River Raw water Finished 

(raw water) a water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 11 12 5.4 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 03' . 00 

Mangan.ese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) • •••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 40 11 

Magnesi'UIIl (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 14 16 14 

Sodi'UIIl (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• } 34 { 44 47 

Potassi'UIIl (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 3.6 . 8 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0, 0 20 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 162 154 17 

Sulfate (SO~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 39 41 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 67 68 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 2 . 3 . 3 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.4 .8 . 2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 270 297 220 

Hardness as CaC03: 

Total •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 160 166 85 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 27 40 38 

Color •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• -- 0 5 

pH············ ............................ -- 8.0 9.7 

Specific conductance 

(mi"cromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 464 529 412 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- 0 -- Temperature (F. ) •••.•••••••••••••••• -- -- 68 

Date of collection •••••••• '! •••••••••• .. -- Sept. 4-30, 1951 Feb. 29, 1952 

Regular determiMtions at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalprlty Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 134 153 130 8.0 8.4 7.6 161 168 156 14 900 10 

Finished water ..... 46 51 41 9.9 10.3 9. 7 71 78 68 2 2 2 

a Weighted average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples for 

the water year October 1949 to September 1950. 

65 
TEXAS 

BAYTOWN 

(Population, 22, 983) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies the town of Cedar Bayou. Total population 

supplied, about 24, 500. 

Source: 6 ·wells (Baytown 1 to 6), 410, 448, 485, (depth not reported), 563, and 

468ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 900, 1, 000, 650, 750, 

585, and 200 gpm. Emergency supplies can be obtained from the supply of the 

Humble Oil and Refining Co. 

Treatment: Chlorination at the wells. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water: 880, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually into ground storage tanks, from which the water 

is pumped into the distribution system. Overhead storage tanks for pressure 

equalization are"floated" on the distribution system. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

!Baytown Well 

1 (raw 

water) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 26 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Iron (Fe) .. .•....•......•... . 29 Total ...•.•.......•......... 

Manganese (Mn) • • • • • • • • • • . 00 Noncarbonate .••...••..•• 

Calcium (Ca) . .• . . . . . .••... 10 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 3. 5 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 271 

Potassium (K) • • • • • . • • • • • • . 8 

Carbonate (COs) . . . . . . . . . . 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 461 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 

Chloride (Cl) . . . . . . .•• . . . . . 174 

Fluoride (F) ...•. .. •..•.... 1. 2 

Nitrate (N03 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 

Dissolved solids .....••.. 733 

Color .......••.•••....•.•.•.... 

pH ••••••.••••••••••.•••••••••• ,. 

Specific conductance 

{mlcromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ...•...•....••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••...... 

Depth (feet) ........................................................................ . 

Diameter (inches) ................................................................ . 

Date drilled ........................................................................ . 

Percent of supply ................................................................ . 

66 

Baytown Well 

1 (raw 

water) 

40 

0 

10 

7.6 

1,270 

Nov .. 27, 11951 

410 

13-6 5/8 

1942 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

BEAUMONT 

(Population, 94, 014) 

Source: Neches River. The water is diverted by open canal from three intakes, 

2-1/3, 4-3/4, and 13-1/4 miles upstream from Beaumont. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation with alum, chlorination, sedimentation, rapid 

sand filtration, and final adjustment of pH with lime. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: Ground reservoir and elevated tanks, 7, 500, 000 gal. 

There is some variation in the composition of the water throughout the year. The 

analyses of the raw water at Evadale, about 20 miles upstream from Beaumont, are essentially representative of the raw water diverted for the supply. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Neches· River Neches River Finished at Evadale a at Evadale 

(raw water) (raw water)b water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 16 27 17 

hon (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- 0 57 .06 

Man.gan.ese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 00 

CalciUJD (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6.6 12 21 

Magnesium. (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 3.6 4.6 3.3 

Sodium. (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• } 11 { 39 41 

PotassiUJD (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• .4 1.6 

Carbonate (COJ .••••••••••••.••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ .•••••••••••••••• 20 66 46 

SuHate {SO.). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 8.8 35 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 50 60 

Fluoride (~ •.•••••••••••••••••••••••• . 0 . 3 . 1 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••••••••.••••••••••••• . 9 .8 . 2 

Dissolved solids ••••••••.••••••••••• 96 174 212 

Hardness as CaC08 : 

Total •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 49 66 

Noncarbonate •••••••.•••••••••••.•• 15 0 28 

Color •••••.•••••.•••••••••••••• ~ •••••••• -- 60 10 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- 7.0 7.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••. 115 295 360 

Tu.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•..••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection •••.•••••••••••••• • 1950 water year Sept. 1-13, 15- Nov. 27, 1951 

20, 1951 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 25 50 7 6. 7 7. 8 6.3 40 60 20 35 350 14 

Finished water ... 30 60 20 8.4 9.0 8.3 60 80 55 .35 1 0 

a Weighted average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples for the 

water year October 1949, to September 1950. 

b Composite of daily samples Sept. 1 -13, 15-20, 1951. 

67 
TEXAS 

BIG SPRING 

(Population, 17, 286) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 000 persons outside the city limits, 

and the Big Spring Air Force Base. Total population supplied, in excess of 

20,300. 

Source: 26 wells in 4 well fields, about 50 percent of supply; Powell Lake, capacity 

1,461 acre-ft, onPowellBranch Creek 12 miles southwest of Big Spring, about 

50 percent of the supply. Well fields: City Park: 2 wells, 273 and 283ft deep, 

2. 8 miles south of the City Hall; O'Barr: 7 wells, 125 to 255 ft deep, 22 miles 

south of the city in Glasscock County; Section 17: 10 wells, 121 to 260ft deep, 

about 3 miles southwest of the City Hall; Section 33: 7 wells, 223 to 316ft 

deep, about 5. 7 miles southeast of the City Hall. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Moss Lake on Moss Ranch Creek. 

Treatment: Surface water: coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, and chlorination. Wells: 'Chlorination. 

R;:;.ted ca-;Jacity of treatment plant: 1, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 4 reservoirs, three, 1, 000,000 gal each, and one, 

200, 000 gal; 1 elevated tank, 200, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from Powell Lake to the treatment plant in Big Spring. The 

finished water from the treatment plant is pumped into one of the reservoirs. 

The wells pump as a unit in each well field to a chlorinator station at City Parj, 

where the water is chlorinated. The water from the chlorinator station and the 

treatment plant is pumped into the reservoir containing the smallest amount of 

water at the time. The water is pumped from the reservoirs into the distribution system and elevated tank. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

City Park O'Barr O'B'arr Secfion Section 

Field Field Field 17 33 

well4 well 1 well4 well 9 well 54. 

Silica (SiO.) ••.••.•..••.•.•. 15 15 23 17 16 

Iron (Fe) ••••....••..•••.... .04 .04 . 08 . 04 . 06 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- . 00 -- --· Calcium (Ca) .•••....••..•. 100 94 70 94 88 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 10 20 13 4.6 8.3 

Sodium (Na) ............... 28 11 33 6.2 19 

Potassium (K) •.•......••. 5. 8 4.8 . 8 4.0 4.7 

Carbonate {COs) .•••...... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••• • •• 294 318 251 268 244 

Sulfate (SO,.) ...••.•.•••••.. 46 29 30 19 35 

Chloride {Cl) .•••••......•. 44 36 38 20 40 

Fluoride {F) ••••..•••..•.•. 1.0 . 6 1.0 .0 1.2 

Nitrate (NOs) ..•.••.•..••.. 5.7 5. 0 6.6 5. 3 5. 8 

Dissolved solids .•.....•. 409 369 358 302 326 

Hardness as .CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... 290 316 228 254 254 

Noncarbonate • · •• · • · • • • • 50 56 22 34 54 

Color ........................ -- -- 0 -- -- PH ......•••.••..••.•...•.•.. •. 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 690 644 604 506 558 

Turbidity ••.•.••.•..••...... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...... Aug. 21, Aug. 22, Apr. 29, Aug. 22, Aug. 22, 

1947 1947 1952 1947 1947 
TEXAS 

City Park O'Barr O'Barr Section Section 

Field Field Field 17 33 

well4 well 1 well4 well 9 well 54 

Depth (feet) ............... 283 129 255 121 303 

Diameter (inches) ........ 12 12 12 6 10-8 

Date drilled .............•. 1926 1943 1944 1926 1984 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- --

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Moss Lake Powell Lake Finished 

(raw water) (raw water) watera 

Silica (SiO,a) .......................... -- 7.1 19 

Iron (Fe) .............................. -- .10 .0 

Manganese (Mn.) ••••••• 0 ••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) • •••• •• •• •••••• •••••••••• 30 32 78 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••• o o •o. o o o •• o ••• o 2. 1 

{ 

4.1 11 

Sodium (Na) •••••..•••.....•••••••.••.. } 3.5 12 30 

Potassium (K) • o o o ••• o ••••••• o ••• o ••• 3.5 .4 

Carbonate (COs} •o••••oo••••o·•······ 0 8 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •• o o• •••••••• o ••• 105 116 275 

Sulfate (804). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 3.8 31 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.0 10 30 

Fluoride (Jr) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 2 .6 

Nitrate (NOs} ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 2 . 0 5.0 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 114 130 346 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ........................•....... 84 97 240 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 14 

Color ................................... -- -- 0 

pH .............•..•.•..•••.••••....•..••• -- -- 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .•••••••••• -- 225 587 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) o •••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Aug. 9, 1945 Aug. 21, 1947 Mar. 29, 1952 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•....••• 106 124 72 8.1 8.5 7.6 -- -- -- 67 300 25 

Finished water .•. 99 120 72 7.9 8. 1 7.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- a B.eservoir, composite sample. 

69 
TEXAS 

BORGER 

(Population 18, 059) 

Ownership: Phillips Petroleum Co. 

Source: 8 wells (1 to 8), 410, 384, 371, 376, 495, 535, 403, and 459ft deep, at 

the Plains Water Station in Carson County 13 miles southwest of Borger. The 

yield of the wells is reported to range from 700 to 800 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 10, 000 gal. 

The Phillips Petroleum Co. pumps the water from the well field through two 12-in. 

lines to the city limits from which point it is distributed by the city 0 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) • o •• o. o •••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....•..• 

Manganese (Mn) •.•..••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .••...•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•.. 0 •• 0 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) •.•••..••••. 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••• o. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Wells 

(composite) 

28 

46 

20 

24 

. 04 

7.6 

22 

204 

24 

18 

. 4 

3.5 

294 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total •..••.............•.... 

Noncarbonate .•.......•.• 

Color .••....•..•••....•.•.•.... 

pH •••.•••••..••••••.••.•.•••.... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ...........••••.•... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection •••..•... 

70 

Wells 

(composite) 

197 

0 

8.0 

444 

Nov.14,1947 
TEXAS 

BROWNSVILLE 

(Population, 36, 066) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 400 people outside the city lin1its. 

Total population supplied, about 36, 500. City also supplies Port of Brownsville, Carthage Hydrocal Plant, and International Airport outside the city 

lin1its. 

Source: Rio Grande. 

Tr·eatment: (Both plants) Plain sedimentation, aeration (spray), prechlorination, 

coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, activated carbon at times for 

odor and taste control, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. Use of 

copper sulfate at times in reservoir. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Plant 1: 5, 000, 000 gpd; plant 2: 4, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoir, 180 acres, average depth, 8 ft. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 1-50, 000 gal. 

The raw water source is the same for both treatment plants. The water for plant 

2 flows through a concrete lined canal to the plant. There is considerable 

variation in the composition of the raw water throughout the year. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si<>z) •..•.....•••... 

Iron (Fe) ...•..•.•.•.•.••... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•••..•.•.••.. 

Magnesium (Mg) .••.•.••. 

Sodium (Na) . . • • . . . • . . . • • . . } 

Potassium (K) .......••... 

Carbonate (CO,) .......••. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••.•..• 

Fluoride (F) .•.••..•.•..••. 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ...•.•••. 

Finished 

water 

(Plant 2) 

13 

. 09 

. 00 

72 

21 

126 

0 

138 

184 

165 

• 6 

2.0 

652 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••• 

Color •••..••••.•••.••••.•••.... 

pH ••••••••••••••••.•••••..•••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

Finished 

water 

(Plant 2) 

266 

153 

10 

7.4 

25 c.)...................... 1, 100 

Turbidity • • . . . . • • • . • • • • • • • . • . __ 

Temperature (F. ) • . • •• • • . . • __ 

Date of collection ••••••... Oct. 22, 1951 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 195oa 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 

Finished water ... 

Raw water ......... 

Finished water .... 

aPlant 1. 

bPlant 2. 

144 220 90 8.1 8.3 7.9 279 480 130 

142 212 82 7.9 7.9 7.7 282 410 140 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 b 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

151 214 90 7.9 8.0 7.5 303 470 180 

148 204 86 7.7 7.8 7.3 294 450 150 

71 

126 450 40 

0 0 0 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

66 140 25 

0 0 0 
TEXAS 

BROWNWOOD 

(Population, 20, 181) 

Ownership: Municipal and Brown County Water Improvement District; supplies 

also about 5, 000 persons outside the city limits. Total population supplied, 

about 25, 200. 

Source: Pecan Bayou and Jim Ned Creek impounded in Lake Brownwood (capacity 

137,300 acre-ft to emergency spillway), 9 miles north of Brownwood. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 2 reservoirs, approximately 9, 800,000 and 6, 500,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 4 ground storage tanks: two 1, 000, 000 gal each; 500,000, 

and' 250, 000 gal. 

The water from Lake Brownwood flows approximately 7 miles through an open 

canal to the larger of the storage reservoirs; from this reservoir to the smaller one, and then to the treatmentplant. The finished water is pumped to two 

1, 000,000 gal ground storage tanks. From this point the city is responsible 

for the distribution of the water. It flows by gravity from the two 1, 000, 000 

gal tanks into the distribution system and the two smaller ground storage tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw water Raw water Finished 

water 

Silica (SiOz) •••••.•••••••••••.•••••••• 7.0 -- 3.0 

Iron (Fe) .............................. . 0 -- . 05 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- .00 

Calcium. (Ca) · ···· · · .................. 38 -- 40 

Magnesium. (Mg) •.••••••••••.•••.•••• 7.0 -- 5.5 

SodiUIIl (Na) •••.•..•••...•.•••••.••••.• 20 -- 11 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 -- 1.2 

Carbonate (COJ ••••.•••••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••••••••••• 132 127 130 

Sulfate (S0 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 -- 12 

Chloride (Cl) ......................... 37 21 23 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 1 -... . 1 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••..•••••.•••••.••••.•• . 2 -- .. 2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 195 -- 170 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ••••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••••• 124 113 122 

Noncar bonate •••••••.•••••••••••.•• 15 9 16 

Color ................................... -- 10 5 

pH .......•.•......•.••.•...•••.........•. 8.0 8.2 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••••• 358 293 302 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- 70 -- Date of collection ................... Sept. 21, 1948 May 2, 1952 Jan. 17, 1952 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Ra'\V water .•.••..•. 102 110 98 8. 1 8.4 8.0 134 150 120 25 170 12 

Finished water .•. 100 108 96 7.5 7.7 7.2 131 146 120 . 3 2 . 2 

72 
TEXAS 

BRYAN 

(Population, 18, 102) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 150 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 18, 250. 

Source: 8 wells (1 to 8), about 3~ miles northwest of the city limits. Auxiliary or 

emergency supply can be obtained from A & M College, College Station, Tex. 

The wells are 557, 523, 498, 677, 584, 499, 536, and 554ft deep, respectively, and are reported to yield 261, 315, 346, 424, 582, 510, 402, and 402 gpm.c 

Treatment: Aeration (air diffusion) and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of pumping plant: '3, 600, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Underground reservoir, 500, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Underground reservoir, 3, 000,000 gal; elevated tank, 

400, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually into an underground reservoir at the well field, 

the water being aerated as it enters the reservoir, chlorinated as it leaves the 

reservoir to be pumped to a larger underground reservoir in the city where it 

is pumped into the distribution system and elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(An a 1 yses, in parts per m ill" lOD, b y U . . S G 1 eo og1c alSu rvey 

Well3 Well4 Well 5 Finished 

(raw (raw (raw water 

water) water) water) (city tap) 

Silica (SiOJ •••••••••••••••••••••• 16 15 19 17 

Iron (Fe) ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• . 05 . 25 . 10' . 12 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- .00 

Calcium (Ca) .••••.•••..••••.••••• 1.5 2. 1 1.7 .4 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••.••.••••• . 2 . 5 . 2 . 3 

Sodium (Na) .•.•••••••••••.••.••••• } 71 192 69 { 71 

Potassilim (K) .•••••••••••••••••• . 8 

Carbonate (COJ •...••.•••••••••• 0 22 11 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.••••.••• 163 392 137 152 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • ................... 2.4 1.6 1.5 . 1 

Chloride ( Cl) •••••••••••••••••.•.• 16 45 16 22 

Fluoride (F) ...................... . 2 . 3 . 0 . 0 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••.•.•••••••• .0 . 2 .0 . 2 

Dissolved solids ••• oe ........... 188 474 184 181 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total .......................... •o 5 7 5 2 

Noncarbonate •.•••..•.•••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Color ................... ............ -- -- _,. 20 

pH ...........•....•...•..•.....•..•.• 8.2 8.2 8. l 7.7 

Specific con{luctance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) •••••• -- -- 280 298 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••••.••••.•••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) ..•..••••••.•. -- 79 -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Nov. 10,1942 Nov. 10, 1942 Aug. 23,1943 Oct. 22, 1951 

Depth (feet) ....................... 498 677 584 

Diameter (inches) ............... 16-8 5/8 16-8 5/8 16-8 5/8 

Date drilled ....................... 1939 1939 1943 

Percent of supply ..............• -- -- --

73 
TEXAS 

CLEBURNE 

(Population, 17, 600) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 800 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 18,400. 

Source: 7 wells (1, and 3 to 8), 1, 100, 950, 935, 1, 274, 1, 206, 1, 250, and 1, 258 

ft deep. Wells 1, 3, 4, and 6 are at pumping plant, about 200 yd from the City 

Hall; well 5, on North Cranberry St; well 7, on West Henderson St; and well 8, 

on Huron and Ramsey Sts. · 

Treatment: Filtration through sand traps and chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. ' 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 1, 250, 000 gal; 2 elevated tanks, 

500,000 and 110,000 gal. 

The wells pump into sand traps; the water flows by gravity through the sand traps 

to clear wells where it is chlorinated , and from which it is pumped into the 

distribution system, elevated tanks, and underground reservoir. Wells 5, 7, 

and 8 operate individually; wells 1, 3, 4, and 6 operate as a unit, the water 

being pumped to a common sand trap and chlorinator. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey 

Wells Well 3 Well 4 Well 6 

(raw water)3- (raw water) (raw water) (raw water) 

Silica (SiOa) o .• o o ••• o •• o •• o o. o o o o o 

Iron (Fe) ........•.................. 

Manganese (Mn) o o o. o o o. o o o .... o. 

Calcium (Ca) .•• •o• •o• •••• 0. •••o•o 

Magnesium (Mg) o o •.•• o. o. o •• o •• 

Sodium (Na) .•••••.. o •• o .•.••.••• o. 

Potassium (K) ••• o •• o •. o. o . o ••••• 

Carbonate (COs) ••.•••. ••••o·•··· 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.•••• o ••• 

Sulfate (S04} • o • o •••••••••••• •o• ••• 

Chlorid~ (Cl}o •o•o•oo•••o••••o•ooo 

Fluoride ( F') ••••••••••• o ••••••• o• 

Nitrate (NOs) ••• o •••••••••.• o o. o •• 

Dissolved solids o••· o••• .. o••ooo 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total ........................... . 

Noncarbonate .. o •... o• o o o• o •• o 

Color ................... ........... . 

pH .•..........•...•...•..•...•....•.. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••• o •• 

Turbidity o•••••••oo•••oo•••••o·•··· 

Temperature (F.) .•••.• o •••••• o 

Date of collection •••••••••• o .••• 

17 . 01 

• 00 

2.2 

1.1 

231 

6 

400 

106 

39 

1.0 

1.8 

606 

10 

0 

0 

8. 5 

983 

80 

Feb. 28, 

1952 

13 

.02 

2.3 

1.2 

231 

6.4 

26 

361 

102 

52 

• 3 

.0 

599 

10 

0 

8.8 

Feb. 11, 

1943 

14 

.01 

.00 

1.8 

1.2 

231 

1.2 

3 

410 

109 

34 

1.1 

1.5 

602 

10 

0 

0 

8.3 

983 

--

80 

Feb. 28, 

1952 

.. 

14 

.0 

1.8 

1.1 

222 

14 

24 

370 

104 

39 

1.2 

1.5 

613. 

9 

0 

8. 6 

979 

--

79 

Mar.7, 

1949 --------------+- ... ···--- --- --r-- - ------+-------+------

Depth (feet) .•...•.............. o. 

Diameter (inches) ............. . 

Date drilled o ....... o ........... . 

Percent of supply .............. . 

aComposite sample, wells 1, 4, and 6. 

74 

950 

8 

1913 

935 1,206 

8t-6 22-8 5/8 

1940 1941 

-- --
TEXAS 

CORPUS CHRISTI 

(Population, 108, 287) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 15,000 persons outside the city limits, 

and the town of Clarkwood. Total population supplied, about 123,600. 

Source: Nueces River impounded in Lake Corpus Christi near Mathis, Tex., about 

35 miles from Corpus Christi. Water is fed from the storage reservoir to a 

low water reservoir at Calallen, Tex. by the Nueces River. Wells are used as 

an auxiliary or emergency supply. The wells are pumped individually into the 

Nueces River, the water flowing down the river into Lake Corpus Christi. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, partial softening with lime, primary sedimentation, 

primary coagulation with alum, sedimentation, secondary coagulation with 

alum, sedimentation, fluoridation with sodium fluoride, aeration, rapid sand 

filtration, and postchlor:lnation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 45, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Corpus Christi, 35,000 acre-ft (approximate). 

Finished-water storage: 2 underground reservoirs, 10, 000, 000 gal_ each; elevated tanks, 18, 750, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from the low water reservoir to the treatment plant at Calallen which is 16 miles from Corpus Christi. The finished water is pumped, 

in part, directly to the distribution system and elevated tanks, and part to two 

underground reservoirs in Corpus ChristL 

There is some variation in the chemical character of the water throughout the year. 

The dissolved solids for the period October 1947, toSeptember 1950 ranged 

from a maximum of 548 ppm to a minimum of 175 ppm. 

75 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

Analyses, in parts per million, b y u. s. Geo 1 . ogtc alSu rvey 

Nueces R. Nueces R. Finished Well 

near Mathis near Mathis water (city (raw water) b (rawwater)a (raw water) tap} 

Silica {SiOa) •••••••••••••••••.•••• 22 22 15 30 

Ir-on (Fe) ....••.•....••.•••••.•••••. -- . 00 . 00 . 19 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- . 00 . 00 -- Calcium (Ca) .•••••••••••••••••••• 44 40 38 3.6 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 5.3 3.6 4.5 . 7 

Sodium (Na) .•••••••••••.•••••••••• } 42 { 35 58 244 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 7.6 9.2 2.0 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 168 142 94 504 

SuHate (S04) ••• • • • •••• • ••••• •••• •• 31 34 70 65 

Chlor id~ ( C 1) ••••••••••••••••••••• 39 30 69 44 

Fluoride (F) ..•..•.•..•...•..•••. . 2 .3 1.2 . 6 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••.•••••••••• 1.3 3.0 . 2 . 0 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• 280 251 319 675 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total ............................ 132 115 114 12 

Noncarbonate •.•••.••••••••••• 0 0 36 0 

Color ................... ............ -- 25 10 -- pH .•...........•...••.••.•...•.••••.• -- 7.6 7.2 8. 1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) •••••• 452 383 530 1,010 

Turbidity .......................... -- 0 -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••.••••••••• -- -- -- 138 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Oct. 1949, to Oct. 1-31, Nov.21, 1951 !Mar. 14, 1951 

Sept. 1950 1951 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 c ·- Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Ra-w water .•....... 179 198 158 8. 1 8.6 8.0 168 190 120 40 75 

Finished water .•. 132 138 104 7.8 8.0 7.4 135 162 106 -- --

aweighted average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples for the 

wat~r year October 1949, to September 1950. 

b At R" Campbellton (one of emergency wells) owned by Lower Nueces 1ver 

Water Supply District. Depth of well, 4, 130 ft. 

c Month of January. 

76 

24 

--
TEXAS 

CORSICANA 

(Population, 19, 211) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 220 persons outside the city limits. 

, Total population supplied, about 19,400. 

Source: Elm Creek impounded in Lake Halbert, approximately 13! miles southeast of Corsicana, about 63 percent of the supply; Chambers Creek; intake 

approximately 150ft south of bridge on State Highway 31, about 37 percent of 

the supply. 

Treatment: Aeration (cascades), prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime 

and soda ash at times, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. Use at times of activated carbon for odor and taste control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Halbert (capacity, 7, 000 acre-ft). 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 370, 000 gal; 2 elevated tanks, 

· 400,000 and 200,000 gal. 

Water is pumped from Chambers Creek into Lake Halbert, and is usee: approximately 9 months of the year when demand is greatest. From Lake Halbert the 

water flows by gravity to the treatment plant, just below the dam. The fini- . 

shed water is pumped to the distribution system and to the elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Halbert Chambers Finished Creek (raw water) (raw water) water 

Silica (SiOa) ••.••.•••••••••••••..••••• 8.8 15 2.4 

b-on (Fe)· •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 01 . 12 .01 Manga~tese (.Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• .00 . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) •.•• •••••• •••••••••••••••• 60 43 62 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 13 3.3 11 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••• 46 64 47 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• .8 . 4 2.8 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••.•••••••• 141 133 121 

Sulfate (SO,.). ............................ 141 88 150 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 29 41 36 

Fluoride (" •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 1.0 . 7 1.0 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 2.0 3.0 . 5 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••••••••••• 387 35"8 384 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•••• 203 121 200 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 88 12 100 

Color .................................... 10 15 0 pH············· ........................... 7.6 7.4 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••••• 602 534 617 

Tu.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•••••••••••••••••• 53 53 53 

Date of collection •••••••.•••••••••••• Feb. 28, 1952 Feb. 28, 1952 Feb. 28, 1952 

77 
TEXAS 

DALLAS 

(Population, 434, 462) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 000 persons outside the city limits, 

Arcadia Park, and Cockrell Hill. Total population supplied, about 442, 900. 

Source: Lake Dallas, about 30 miles north-northwest of Dallas in Denton County 

on Elm Fork Trinity River, furnishes approximately 99 percent of the supply; 

6 wells, 1, 260 to 2, 690ft deep, located at various points within the city limits 

furnishes approximately 1 percent of supply. Auxiliary or emergency supplies 

can be obtained from White Rock Lake and Bachman Lake. 

Treatn1ent: Bachman Plant: softening with lime, addition of activated carbon for 

odor and taste control, coagulation with iron salts (ferric sulfate), sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and ammoniation. Elm Fork Plant: 

softening with lime, addition of activated carbon for odor and taste control, 

primary coagulation, primary sedimentation, secondary coagulation, secondary sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and ammoniation. Wells, 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Bachman Plant, 100, 000, 000 gpd; Elm Fork 

Plant, 96,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Dallas (capacity, 194,000 acre-ft). . 

Finished-water storage: 2 ground storage tanks, 14,000, 000 and 21,000,000 gal; 

elevated tanks, 4, 000,000, 2, 000,000, two 1, 000, 000 gal each, 500,000, 

200, 000, and 50, 000 gal; clear wells: Elm Fork Plant, 14, 000, 000 gal; Bachman 

Plant, 10, 000, 000 gal. 

Released water from Lake Dallas flows down the Elm Fork Trinity River through 

the city of Dallas. The intake to the Elm. Fork plant is located on the river 

directly west of the treatment plant at Carrollton, Tex. The water is pumped 

to the treatment plant, flows through the treatment plant and is pumped to the 

north city limits of Dallas. At the city limits part of the water is diverted to 

the north section of Dallas, supplying that area. The water that is not diverted flows to, and, enters, the distribution system from the Bachman Treatment 

Plant which supplies that area of Dallas south of the plant. 

The intake to the Bachman Plant is located on the Elm Fork Trinity River southwest of the Bachman Treatment :planL The water flows by gravity from the 

river to the treatment plant, through the plant, and is pumped into the distribution system and storage. 

The wells are pumped individually. The water is chlorinated at the well and is 

pumped directly into the distribution system and elevated tanks. The well supply will be abandoned, except well 39, as soon as those areas now served by 

the wells can be connected to the Dallas system. 

78 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

(~alyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geolo_g!_cal Survey ) 

Well 39 Raw Finished water 

(raw Bachman Elrri F'ork 

water) water Plant Plant 

Silica {SiOa) •••••••••••••••••.•••• 22 6.0 6.4 4.8 

Iron (Fe) ........................... . 02 . 01 . 01 . 01 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••• . 00 . 00 .00 . 00 

Calcium ( Ca) •••••.••••.•••••••••• 6.0 54 19 19 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 2.2 6.3 4.4 4.4 

&Miium (Na) .•••••.•••••.•••••••••• 385 35 35 35 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• . 8 .4 1.2 1.6 

Carbonate (CO~ ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 9 13 

Bicarbonate (HCO~ ••••••••••••• 542 169 20 14 

Sulfate (S04) • • ..................... 259 35 49 47 

Ch,loride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 95 43 46 45 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... 1.8 . 3 . 3 . 3 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••.•.•••••••••• . 5 . 8 . 5 . 5 

Dissolved solids •••••.•••••••••• 1, 040 277 186 183 

Hardness as CaC03 • 

Total ............................ 24 161 66 66 

Noncarbonate •.••••••••••••••• 0 22 34 32 

Color ................... ............ 0 0 -- -- pH ........••..••..•••.•..•....•••••.• 8.2 7. 9 9.3 9.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••. 1,650 481 334 329 

Turbidity .......................... -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• 112 54 53 52 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••• !Mar. 27, 195~ Mar. 29; 195~ fMar.29,1952 1Mar.29,1952 

Depth (feet) ....................... 2, 69() 

Diameter (inches) ............... 18..:8 

Date drilled ...................... 1938 

Percent of supply ............... --

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951a 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ••...••.. 143 197 78 8. 1 8.5 7.2 159 232 78 118 2250 17 

Finished water ... 39 63 25 10.4 10.8 10.0 67 137 44 .27 2.0 0.0 

aBachman Plant. 

79 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

DEL-RIO 

(Population, 14, 211) 

Source: San Felipe Spring, in northeastern Del Rio on municipal golf course 

grounds, 0. 3 mile north of U. S. Highway 90. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2 elevated tanks, 1, 000,000 gal each. 

The water is pumped directly from the spring into the distribution system and 

elevated tanks. It is chlorinated at the pumps. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......••.. 

Manganese {Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ••••..•...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•.....•.••.. 

Potassium (K) •..••..••... 

Carbonate (CO,) •......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Cf!loride (Cl) ...•...••..•.• 

Fluoride (F) ...•. ···~······ Nitrate (N08) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•...••.. 

San Felipe Spring 

(raw water) 

14 

0 0 

. 00 

74 

8.1 

6.0 

0 0 

0 

251 

5.8 

9. 2 

. 2 

7.2 

254 

Hardness as caco.: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate •••.....••.• 

Color ••••••••.••••.•..•.•.•.... 

pH .••. ····•···· .....•..•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

San Felipe 

Spring (raw water) 

218 

12 

0 

7.6 

25 c.) • .-.•.•.........•. 0 •••• 448 

Turbidi~ ....... ............. --

Temperature (F. ) . . . . . . . . . . --

Date of collection •.••.••.. Mar.26,1952 

80 
TEXAS 

DENISON 

(Population, 17, 504) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 500 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 21, 000. 

Source: Lake Randall, approximately 4j miles northwest of Denison on Shawnee 

Creek, furnishes 100 percent of the supply except in emergencies. Auxiliary 

or emergency supply, Lake Texoma. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with ferric sulfate, softening with lime, 

ammoniation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Randall (capacity, 5, 400 acre-ft). 

Finished-water storage: 1 elevated tank, 1, 000,000 gal; clear well, 750, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from Lake Randall to the treatment plant. The finished 

water from the plant is pumped into the distribution system and elevated storage tank at the north city limits. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw ·Finished Raw Finished 

water water~ water water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 3.5 3.2 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 01 .0 Total tAo ••••••••••••••• 144 68 

M~ese (MD) ••••• • 0(] . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 24 10 

Calcium (Ca) ·~·~····· 47 19 

Magnesium (Mg} ••••• 6.5 4.9 Color···················· 5 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 13 14 pH ...••.•••..•••••••.•.•• 7.5 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.2 1.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 146 70 25 c.)··············· 333 217 

SuHate (SOJ •••••••••• 23 29 Turbidity· •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 23 18 Temperature (F.) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 . . 2 Date of c;ollection ••• Feb . 15,; Feb. 15, 

Nitrate (NO.) .•••••••• . 2 . 5 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids ••••. 193 123 

Regu,l,ar determinations at treatment plant a 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Temperature 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av· Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Ra\V water ....•.... -- -- -- 7.4 -- -- 82 -... -- -- 72 38 

Finished water .•. -- -- -- 8.6 -- 71. -- -- -- 68 45 

aAverage of analyses made by State Health Department over a period of many 

years. 
TEXAS 

DENTON 

(Population, 21, 372) 

Ownership: Municipal; .supplies also about 200 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 21,600. 

Source: 9 wells {3 to 11), 1, 160, 1, 134, 1, 140, 1, 027, 1, 153, 1~ 209, 1, 218, 

1, 202, and 1, 009 ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to range from 

325 to 480 gpm. Wells 3 to 6 are at various points within the city limits. The 

remaining wells are 1 to 2 miles east of the city Ii.JLits. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1 ground reservoir, 1, 000,000 gal; 6 ground storage 

tanks: four, 100,000 gal each and two, 50,000 gal each; 3 elevated tanks, 

2, 000, 000, 360, 000, and 250, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped indiyidually, the water being chiorinated at each well except that from wells 3 and 4, which is chlorinated as the water is pumped into 

storage. The water from all of the wells is first pumped into storage from 

which it is pumped into the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S . Geological Survey) 

Wel13 Wel14 Well 5a Wel17 Well9 

(raw water ~raw water) (raw water) (raw water) 

Silica (Si<la) ••.••..•••...... 13 12 21 10 12 

Iron (Fe) ••.•....••..••..... -- -- . 01 -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- . 00 -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••••......•. 2.2 2.4 1.4 2.0 . 8 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••••• 1.0 1.2 . 9 . 9 • 7 

Sodium (Na) ............... } 227 235 { 193 } 187 229 Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 1.6 C~rbonate (COs) .•••...•.. 31 35 14 20 41 

Bicarbonate (HC08) •••••• 336 390 339 294 314 

Sulfate (804) ................ 121 106 90 102 130 

Chloride (Cl) . 0. 0 •••••••••• 33 23 21 23 28 

Fluoride (F) •••••••• 0 •••••• -- -- . 3 -- -- Nitrate (NO,) ..•.••........ 3.0 1.2 . 0 1.2 1.8 

Dissolved solids ......... 610 635 518 506 604 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ...•.•••.•............ 10 11 7 8 5 

Noncarbonate •. •o ••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Color •............•.....••.•. -- -- 0 -- -- pH .......... •o• ••••••••••••••• -- -- 8. 6 -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 956 989 830 804 954 

Turbidity ••.•. o• •••••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) •••••••. -- -- 78 -- -- Date of collection •....... Dec. 3, Dec. 3, Mar. 26, Dec. 3, Dec. 3, 

1948 1948 1952 1948 1948 

Depth (feet) ..............•. 1,160 1, 134 1, 140 1, 153 1,218 

Diameter (inches) ........ 10t-8 t 13-10 .10t-8t 13 5/8 13 3/8 

Date drilled ............... 1926 1934 1940 1945 1947 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- aChlol.'inated water. 

82 
TEXAS 

EL PASO 

(Population, 130, 485) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 000 people in the Sunrise Acres addition outside the city limits, and Fort Bliss with standby fire line. Total 

population supplied, about 131, 500. 

Sour~e: 19 wells in 4 well fields: Mesa (north of Fort Bliss), Montana (Central 

El Paso), Downtown (sol!thwest El Paso, near the Rio Grande), shallow well 

field (at surface water treatment plant along canal); and the Rio Grande. The 

wells furnish approximately 46 percent of the total supply. The shallow wells 

are about 50ft deep, and the deeper wells range in depth from 425 to 1, 055 ft. 

Treatment: Well water: chlorination at the wells; surface supply: screening, grit 

removal, prechlorination, aeration by forced air, primary settling, coagulation with alum or ferric sulfate, softening with lime (and soda ash at times), 

activated carbon for taste and odor contr9l as required, settling, reflocculation, 

settling, recarbonation, chlorination, and rapid sand filtration. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 19, 700,000 gpd for well water; 15,000, 000 gpd 

for river water. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 7 ground reservoirs, 70., 000,000 gal; elevated tank, 

50,000 gal. 

The water from the Rio Grande is brought to the treatment plant by canal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, 

Mesa Well 

Field 

(composite) 

Silica (SiOa) • . • • • • • • • • . • •• • • • . • • • • 3 9 

Iron (Fe)........................... . 0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••.•••••••••••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) .•••••••••••••••••••••. ) 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••.•••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • ................ . 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•••••••••••••••• 

Fluoride ( F1 .................... . Nitrate (NOJ •••• ~ •••••.•••••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••••.•••.•••••• 

Hardness as CaC01: 

Total ........................... . 

Noncarbonate •••••..•••••••••• 

Color ................... ........... . 

pH ••.....•••..•..••.•.•.....•.•••••.• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c .. ) ..... . Tu.rbidity ..............••........•. 

32 

13 

88 

0 

189 

68 

63 

1.1 

7.5 

405 

134 

0 

5 

7.9 

665 

by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Montana 

Field 

Well·4 

34 

49 

18 

Downtown 

Field 

Well 14 

34 

173 { 

26 

10 

138 

1.6 

0 

170 

0 

160 

58 

268 

• 7 

1.0 

688 

196 

66 

7. 6 

1,250 

70 

139 

. 0 

503 

106 

0 

7.9 

867 

Rio Grande 

(finished 

water) 

21 

. 06 

32 

16 

197 

4.0 

0 

45 

292 

175 

. 5 

.0 

788 

146 

109 

7.3 

1,270 

Temperature (F. ) ••••.••••••••• 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Apr. 9, May 31, June 13, June 13, ___________ ..__1~~?_1 _____ 1_95_0_+--__ 19_5_1_.,L..._ __ 1_9_51_ 

83 
TEXAS 

Mesa Well Montana Downtown Rio Grande ___ 

Field Field Field (finished 

(composite) Well4 Well 14 water) 

Depth (feet) .... ·-· ................ -- 882 703 

Diameter (inches) •..•••........ -- 24 36 

Date drilled ..................... -- 1924 1937 

Percent of supply .•....•........ -- -- --

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Mu Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 216 258 182 -- -- -- 345 414 290 -- -- -- Finished water ... 46 68 33 -- -- -- 159 215 135 -- -- --

84 
TEXAS 

FORT WORTH 

(Population, 278, 778) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 500 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 279,300. There are several private water companies which supply areas within the city and in the suburbs. The two largest 

suppliers are the Worth Water Co., which supplies a population of about 2, 000, 

and the Texas Water Co. 

Source: 3 lakes: Lake Worth, Eagle Mountain Lake, and Lake Bridgeport, on West 

Fork Trinity River, about 9 miles west of Fort Worth, about 18 miles northwest of Fort Worth, and about 4 miles northwest of Bridgeport, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (spray), coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 79,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Worth, capacity, 28,660 acre-ft; Eagle Mountain Lake, 

capacity, 211,000 acre-ft; Lake Bridgeport, capacity, 292,000 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 2 underground·reservoirs, 5, 000, 000 and 4, 500,000 gal; 

8 elevated tanks: two 1, 000, 000 gal each, three 500, 000 gal each, one 

2, 000, 000 gal, one 1, 500, 000 gal, and one 100, 000 gal; 1 standpipe, 330, 000 

gal; and clear wells, 10,000,000 gal. 

The three lakes are in series, Lake Bridgeport spilling into Eagle Mountain Lake 

and Eagle Mountain LaKe spilling into Lake Worth. Valves are maintained at 

the dams of each of the upper lakes allowing water to flow when necessary 

down the West Fork Trinity River into Lake Worth. The intake is at Lake 

Worth dam, the water flowing by gravity to the treatment plant. The finished 

water is pumped from the clear wells into the distribution system, elevated 

tanks,and underground reservoirs. 

85 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geolog!cal Survey) 

Silica (SiO:a) •.••••••.••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe} .......................... . 

Manganese (Mn) ................ . 

Calcium (Ca) .•••.•••••..••••••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) ................ . 

Sodium (Na) .•.•••.•••••.•.•••.•••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COs) •••.••••••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCO:J ••••.•••••••• 

Sulfate (804) •• •••••••••••••••••••• 

Chloride ( Cl) •.••.••••••••••••.•.• 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••.•••••••••••• 

Nitrate (NO:J •.••••••••.•.•••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••••••••.•••••• 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total ....................... _ .... . 

Noncarbonate •••••.••••••.•••• 

Color ................... ........... . 

pH .•...•...•..........•.••....•••.•.• 

Specific conductance 

Lake Worth Eagle Mt. Finished 

(raw Lake (raw 

water) water) water 

5. 6 5. 6 

. 05 . 01 

. 00 . 00 

43 40 

7.8 7.3 

18 17 

. 8 1. 2 

0 0 

161 151 

17 15 

23 21 

.4 .3 

. 2 • 5 

197 182 

139 

7 

7.9 

130 

6 

5 

7.7 

4.4 

. 01 

. 00 

45 

7.7 

19 

1.6 

0 

158 

22 

25 

. 3 

. 5 

203 

144 

14 

7.6 

Well a 

(chlorinated) 

13 

. 18 

2.0 

.9 

313 

8.4 

14 

502 

156 

68 

1.8 

1.8 

817 

8 

0 

8.5 

(micromhos at 25 C. •. )...... 363 335 374 1, 350 

Turbidity.......................... -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.} . •• . . • • • • • • • •. 52 62 -- 76 

Date of collection, •••••••••••••• !Mar. 31,1952Apr. 2, 1952 Mar. 27,1952 June 9, 1949 ---

Depth (feet) ......•..............•............. ·····-············· .. ................. 1, 000 

Diameter (inches) ..............................•. ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -- Date drilled ....... : .......... .,...................................................... 1947 

Percent of supply ................................ ··•···· · · ·· · ····· ·· · · ········ ·•·· · --

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm} (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•...••.. 120 128 112 8.2 8.4 7.9 123 132 101 24 37 10 

Finished water .•. 117 123 113 7.8 8.2 7.5 130 136 107 0 0 0 

aTexas Water Co. 

86 
TEXAS 

GALVESTON 

(Population, 66, 568) 

OWRership: Municipal; supplies also about 5, 300 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 71, 900. 

Source: 13 wells (1 to 13), in and extending north and south of Alta Lorna, approxin1ately 20 n,liles northwest of the city of Galveston. Well 14 has not been connected with the system. The depths of the wells range from 764 to 888 ft. 

Wells 9 to 1:J are pumped continuously and wells 1, 2, 6, and 7 are usually 

pumped. Additional demand is met by placing wells 3, 4, 5, and 8 in service. 

Treatment: Chlorination and addition of polyphosphate at the Alta Lorna pumping 

plant for scaling and corrosion control. Rechlorination at 59th and 30th Streets 

pumping plants upon tJUmping into the distribution system. 

Rated capacity of pumping plant (Alta Lorna): 18, 000, 000 g,tJd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 3 reservoirs, 1, 763, 000, 1, 777, 000, and 3, 812,000 gal; 

2 reservoirs, 2, 994, 000 gal each; 2 reservoirs, 2, 752, 000 gal each; 2 reservoirs, 3, 416, 000 gal each; and 1 standpipe, 625, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from the wells, as a unit, to the pumping station at Alta Lon1a, 

where additional head is obtained to pump the water under Galveston Bay to 

Galveston Island to two pumping stations,at 59th Street and 30th Street, from 

which the water is pumped into the storage reservoirs, standpipe, and the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 1 ! WellS Well 9 Well 13 

(raw (raw • (raw (raw Finished 

water) water) water) water) water 

Silica (SiO.) ••.••..•.•....•. -- -- 28 -- 31 

Iron (Fe) ••.•..•.••..••..... -- -- -- -- . 00 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••.•• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .•••....••.••. 22 54 17 17 30 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.•.••... 4.4 11 7. 5 5. 6 9. 7 

Sodium (Na) ............... } 308 545 257 245 351 Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

C~rbona~ (COs) .••••..... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 338 338 339 348 336 

Sulfate (SO,.) ••••••••••••••• 2 2 2. 1 2 1.0 

Chloride (Cl) .•••.••.•..... 328 770 250 220 422 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••.•••. -- -- -- -- . 9 

Nitrate (NOs) ..•.••.•...•.. -- -- . 2 . 5 3.5 

Dissolved solids ......... 853 1,550 729 659 1,010 

Hardness a.s CaC03 : 

Total ...•.••••••........... 73 180 74 66 115 

Noncarbonate . · ·• · · ..••• 0 .o 0 0 0 

Color ..•....•.•..........••... 

-· -- -- -- -- pH ...............•.....•.•..•. -- -- 7.9 -- 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 1,570 2,870 1,320 1, 170 1,830 

Turbidity .•••.•.•••..•....•. -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- ·nate of collection ••...... Jul. 11, Jul. 11, May 9, Nov. 10, May 11, 

1947 1947 1949 1947 1951 

Depth (feet) .... , ........... 840 884 764 810 

Diameter (inches) ........ 12 20 18 5/8 18 5/8 

Date drilled ................ 1914 1935 1942 1942 

Percent of supply ......•. -- -- -- -- 8.7 
TEXAS 

GRAND PRAIRIE 

(Population, 14, 594) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 200 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 14,800. 

Source: 8 wells: 2 wells (5 and 14), Northwest Third Street, 345 and 2, 077 ft deep; 

3 wells (6, 7, and 12), Davis Street, 430, 2, 065, and 412ft deep; 3 wells (8, 

10, and 13), Dallas Street, 2, 026, 283, and 2, 047 ft deep. The yield of the 

wells is reported to range from 50 to 600 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 100,000 gal; 3 ground reservoirs, 300, 000 gal, and two 100, 000 gal each; 3 elevated tanks, 500, 000, 

100,000, and 50,000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually and chlorinated by groups. The water from 

wells 5 and 14 is chlorinated in the water line leading to the reservoirs; that 

from wells 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 13 is chlorinated as it discharges into the 

ground storage reservoirs. The water is pumped from the ground reservoirs 

into the distribution system and elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 6 · WellS Well 13 

Silica (SiO:J ..•••.••••.•.••••.•.•••••• 12 16 16 

Iron (Fe) .............................. . 08 . 11 . 05 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 00 

Calcium (Ca) · ·· ·· ·· .................. 1.0 3.7 2.2 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•••.••••.•...••.••• . 5 . 9 1.0 

Sodium (Na) •••••.•••••..•..•••.•.••••. } 247 319 { 318 

Potassium (K) ••••••.•••••••••••••••• 2.0 

Carbonate (COJ ••••.••••....•••.•••• 7 29 10 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ .•.••.•••••••••.• 505 485 51~ 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 84 131 138 

Chloride ( Cl) .•.•.••••••••••••.••••••• 19 83 82 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- 1.9 1.8 

Nitrate (NOJ ..••.•••••••••.•.•••••••• 2.5 2. 0 1.8 

Dissolved solids •••.•••.....•••••••• 637 816 836 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 4 12 10 

Noncarbonate •••••...•••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Color ...................................... -- -- 0 

pH .....•............... &• •••••••••••••••• 8.6 8.7 8.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .••••..•.•• l,Ozt> 1,350 1,350 

Tu.rbidity ............................. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•. • ...•••••••.•• -- -- 91 

Date of collection •••.•••••••...••••• June 16, 1949 June 23, 1943 Mar. 28, 1952 

Depth (feet) .......................... 430 2,026 2,047 

Diameter (inches) .................. 10-7 10 13-5/8 to 10 

Date drilled ......................... 1942 1942 1946 

Percent of supply .................. -- -- --

88 
TEXAS 

GREENVILLE 

(Population, 14, 727) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Aidis Heights, Mineral Heights, Peniel, and 

Reavilon. Total population supplied, about 17, 400. Th(; city also furnishes 

Major Airfield. 

Source: 4 reservoirs, (1 to 4), north of city supplied with water from the Sabine 

River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, and chlorination. 

Copper sulfate, at times, for algae control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs (1 to 4), 36,000,000, 52, 000,000, 136,000, 000, 

and 1, 076, 539, 000 gal, respectively. 

Finished-water storage: Elevated tank, 172, 000 gal. 

Water is diverbed from the Sabine River into a canal by means of a low water diversion dam, approximately 2 miles upstream from the reservoirs. The water 

flows by gravity through the canal into the system of reservoirs and into the 

treatment plant. The finished water is pui;Qped into the distribution system and 

elevated tank. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Reser- Finished Reser- Finished 

voir 2a water voir 2a water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 2.4 0.8 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 08 . 03 Total .................. 122 137 

Manganese (MD) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 5 27 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 38 44 

MagneSium (Mg) ••••• 6.5 6.5 Color .••••••••••••••••••• 10 10 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 21 22 pH ..••..••..••..•....•... 7.9 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• . 8 .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ •.••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 142 134 25 c.)··············· 347 370 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 32 49 'Purbidity .............. -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 13 15 Temperature (F. ) ••• 55 56 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• • 3 • 3 Date of collection ••• Mar . 25,'Mar . 25, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• .0 . 0 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids ••••. 205 213 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•...•..•. -- -- -- 8.2 8.2 8.0 -- -- ~- -- -- -- Finished water ... -- -- -- 8.2 8.4 7.4 -- -- -- -- -- a Raw wate:r. 

89 
TEXAS 

HARLINGEN 

(Population, 23, 229) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 1, 300 persons outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 24, 500. 

Source: Rio Grande. 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation, periodic use of activated carbon for taste and 

odor control, periodic use of copper sulfate (in reservoir) for control of algae, 

aeration (spray), prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. The same treatment is 

used at both plants. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: City Plant, 4, 000,000 gpd. Airport Plant, 

2, 700, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoir, 55,000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 400,000 gal. 

The water is pumped from the Rio Grande into a canal connected with the reservoir at the treatment plants. The finished water from the plants is pumped 

into a common reservoir from which it is pumped into the distribution system 

and elevated tanks. There is considerable variation in the composition of the 

water throughout the year. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished Reservoir Finislied 

water (raw water) water 

Silica (Si02} •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 11 9.0 

Iron (Fe) .............................. .07 .0 . 0 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 92 95 

Magnesium (Mg) •.••••••••••.•••••••• 22 33 33 

Sodium (Na) •••••.•.••• ~ .•••••••••••••• 122 202 203 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 4.0 2.8 2.8 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••.•••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 122 149 138 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 186 274 289 

Chloride (Cl) .......................... 158 284 286 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 .8 . 8 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 . 5 . 2 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••••••••••• 628 1,000 1,020 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 250 365 372 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 150 243 260 

Color ................................... -- 5 5 

pH .............•....••....••..•....•...•. 7.4 8.0 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••••• 1, 060 1, 640 1,670 

Turbidity ••••..••••.•••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•• •• • ••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• June 7, 1951 Feb. 11, 1952 Feb. ·11, 1952 

160!18 

90 
TEXAS 

HOUSTON 

(Population, 5 96, 163) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 800 persons outside the city lirnits. 

Total population supplied, about 600, 000. 

Source: 68 wells. Fifty-one wells are in seven well fields in the older section of 

the city. Seventeen wells are in ten areas recently annexed by the city; these 

wells supply only about 5, 000,000 gpd. The depths of the wells range from· 

544 to 2, 580 ft, and the reported yield from 125 to 2, 360 gpm. The average 

yield (data on 61 wells) is 1, 462 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Total, 51,000,000 gal. Ground storage tanks at the following pumping plants: ·central, 19,000, 000 gal; East End, 3, 200,000 gal; 

Heights, 3, 750, 000 gal; Northeast, 3, 200, 000 gal; Scott Street, 2, 000, 000 gal; 

South End, 2, 000, 000 gal; Southwest, 6, 000, 000 gal. Elevated tanks throughout the city, 11,850, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually. The water is pumped to ground storage tanks 

(being chlorinated before entering the tanks) from which it is pumped into the 

distribution system and elevated tanks. Each field is a system within inself, 

however, all of the systems are interconnected. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, . in parts per million, by U. S. Geological ··- Survey) 

South Scott St. south Southwest Central 

End well4 Park well well 

well 7 well 2 5 C-20 

Silica (Si<lt) •••• M ••••••••••• 16 17 21 22 16 

Iron (Fe) .................... .0 . 0 . 05 -- . 15 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• . 00 . 00 . 00 -- -- Calcium (Ca) .•••....•.•••. 7.2 12 37 18 12 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••..• 2.5 3.6 7.4 4.5 4.9 

Sodium (Na) ... ,, ........... 147 139 64 113 152: 

Potassium (K) •.•.....••.. .4 .4 1.6 2,.4 I 

Carbonate (C<Js) .•••...••. 0 0 0 18 0 

Bicarbonate (HC08) ••••.•• 328 317 246 250 34ol 

Sulfate (SO") ................ 2.6 5.6 15 7.0 . 3/. 1 

Chloride (Cl) ••.•••..•..••. 51 56 34 47 711 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••• . 8 . 8 . 3 -- 11.0 

Nitrate (NOs) •••••..•.•.... .o . 0 . 5 . 2 I· 0 

Dissolved solids ......... 392 388 298 346 4331 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .••••••••••........... 28 45 123 64 5d 

Noncarbonate • • •• • ·•••• • 0 0 0 0 q 

I 

Color ..•.•.•.••..••..•..••.•• 10 10 10 -- I --

pH •......•...••.••..•.••...••. 8.0 7.8 7.9 -- 17.7 

Specific conductance I 

(micromhos at .2.5 C. ) 651 660 509 597 1734 

Turbidity ••••.•..••..•..•.•. -- -- -- -- I --

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- I 84 

I Date of collection ••.....• Feb. 11, Feb. 11, Feb. 11, Feb. 8, Mar.l 26, 

1952 1952 1952 1949 1949 I 

Depth (feet) 1, 932 1,756 853 1, 401 I 

............... 1,1940 

Diameter (inches) ......•. 24-12i 24-12~ 8 24-12t 24-112t 

Date drilled •....•........•. 1944 1931 1949 1945 11949. 

Percent of supply ....•.•. -- -- i 

-- -- I --

91 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

East Northeast Heights Irvington Garden Oaks End well well well well 3 well4 9 10 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.••••...... 18 20 22 20 22 

Iron (Fe) ••.•..•.••..•••..•• . 17 . 15 . 18 .0 .·o 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) ..•.....•...•. 5.3 11 28 36 36 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 1.5 3. 0 8.0 10 8.9 

Sodium (Na) •....••.•••...• 219 153 102 52 64 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 6.8 8.4 2.8 .4 .4 

Carbonate (COs) •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) •••••• 420 314 289 218 238 

Sulfate (SO~) ••••••••••••••• 1.1 12 9.8 12 11 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••.•..•.•. 109 80 57 37 43 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••. 1.8 . 8 .6 . 1 .3 

Nitrate (NOs) ..•.••.•...... . 0 .0 . 0 . 0 . 0 

Dissolved solids ••..•.••. 576 441 383 270 297 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total •..•.••••••.........•. 19 40 103 131 126 

Noncarbonate · · ••• •• •• •• 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ........................ -- -- 0 10 10 

pH •...•.••...•.•••.•...••..••. 8.0 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.6 

Specific conductance 

{micromhos at .25 C .. ) 1,000 741 661 475 515 

Turbidity •••••••••••••...... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• 96 85 80 -- -- Date of collection ••...... June 27, Apr. 21, July 23, Feb. 11, Feb. 11, 

1949 1950 1949 1952 1952 

Depth (feet) ............... 2,530 1;940 1, 880 1,070 1,100 

Diameter (inches) ........ 24-12t 24-12t 24-12t 10t-7 -- Date drilled .............•. 1948 1949 1949 1947 1945 

Percent of supply ..•..•.. -- -- -- -- --

92 
TEXAS 

KINGSVILLE 

(Population, 16, 898) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 300 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 17,200. 

Source: 6 wells. Wells 2 and 5 are at the City Hall, well 4 is 2 blocks east of 

City Hall, wells 6 and 7 are on 12th Street, and well 8 is on 14th· Street. T~e 

wells pump directly into the distribution system and elevated tanks. I 

Treatment: Chlorination at each well. Batch chlorination on elevated tanks whEm 

filled. I 

Raw-water storage: None. [ 

Finished-water storage: Elevated tanks, 2, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well2 Well4 Well 5 

Silica (Si02) •.•.•••••••••••••••••••••• 14 11 17 

Iron (Fe) .............................. . 02 . 02 ., . ~3 Manga.Ilese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- ,_ 

Calcium (Ca) · ·· ·· ···· ............ _ .... 22 24 21 : 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 8.6 9.6 7.5 

Sodium. (Na) . .......................... 305 } 317 { 308 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 12 

Carbonate (COa) ••••••••••••••••••••• 15 0 6 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) ••••••••••••••••• 277 304 303 

Sulfate (SO..). ........................... 162 163 162 

Chloride ( Cl) .......................... 242 255 235 

Fluoride (F") •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .9 .4 . 5 

Nitrate (NOa) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9.0 12 9. 2' 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 956 959 951 

Hardness as CajC03 : 

Total ................................. 90 100 84 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 

i 

Color .................................... -- -- -r 

pH ........................................ -- 8.2 _I_ 

Specific conductance 

Turbidity 

(micromhos 

.............................. 

at 25 C.) .••.••••... 1,580 -- 1,5~~ -- -- I 

Temperature (F .. ) ••••••••••••••••••• 85 -- 8~ 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Mar. 16, 1945 Feb. 5, 1943 Mar. 16, 194~ 

Depth (feet) ............................ 730 725 73ft 

Diameter (inches) ............ ~ ...... 12 8 16-8 

Date drilled ............................ 1935 1939 194~ 

Percent of supply ................... -- -- -r 

93 
Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Rio Grande. 

TEXAS 

LAREDO 

(Population, 51, 910) 

Treatment: Aeration (spray), prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2 ground reservoirs, 2, 000, 000 and 2, 200,000 gal; 1 

underground reservoir, 375, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from the Rio Grande to the treatment plant. The finished 

water is pumped into the three storage reservoirs, from which it is pumped 

into the distribution system .. 

There is considerable variation in the composition of the raw water throughout the 

year. 

ANALYSES 

' (Analyses, in parts per million by U . . S Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 13 9.6 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••.•••. . 0 . 01 Total "!'················ 322 328 

Manganese (Mn) • •••• .00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 204 216 

Calcium (Ca) .•••.•••. 75 77 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 33 33 Color···················· 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 165 159 pH ..••...•..••...... ~ .... 8.0 7.7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• .4 .8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ .•••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 144 136 25 c.) ............... 1,380 1,390 

Sulfate (SOJ .......... 248 256 Turbidity •.•••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••.•• 215 218 Temperature (F.) ••. 76 77 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 9 . 8 Date of collection ••• Apr. 21,' Apr . 21, 

Nitrate (NOJ .••.••••• .8 .8 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids ••••• 849 845 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•...•... 127 152 59 8. 1 8.3 7.7 270 390 96 700 10800 35 

Finished water ... 114 144 47 7. 7 8.2 7.3 270 400 105 0 2 0 

94 
TEXAS 

LONGVIEW 

(Population, 24, 502) 

Ownership: Munkipal; supplies also about 400 persons outside the city limits, and 

community of Greggton. Total population supplied, about 27, 100. ! 

Source: Lake Cherokee, approximately 8 miles southeast of the city on Cheroke~ 

Bayou. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Blg Sandy Creek (diversion dam ne~r 

Big Sandy, Upshur County, Tex.). j 

Treatment: Prechlorination, aeration (spray), coagulation with alum, activated ! 

carbon for odor and taste control, sedimentation, addition of lime for pH coqtrol, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. I 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 10,000,000 gpd. I 

Raw-water storag,e: 2 surface reservoirs, 11,000,000 and 2, 000,000 gal. ! 

Finished-water storage: 2 surface reservoirs, 2, 000, 000 and 500, 000 gal; 2 ele~ 

vated tanks, 1, 000, 000 and 150, 000 gal; 2 elevated tanks, 200,000 gal· each. i 

! 

I 

The water is pumped, intake approximately 2~ miles upstream from the impoundfing dam, to the treatment plant about 1 mile outside the city limits. The fin~ 

ished water is pumped into town to 1, 000,000 gal elevated tank and then into 

the distribution system and storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey} 

Lake Lake Finished Cherokee· Cherokee water (raw water} (raw water} 

Silica (Si02) ........................... 6.0 7.8 8.21 

Iron (Fe) ··········t···················· .48 . 70 . o$ 

Manganese (M:n.) •t••·················· . 0 .00 .00 

Calcium (Ca) • •••• •• •••••••••••••••••• 6.8 3.5 12 I 

! 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 3.3 2.3 3.7 

Sodium (Na) •••••.••••••.•.•••••••••••• 6.0 } 8.7 { 5.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 6.0 L6 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 25 14 20 

Sulfate (SO.). ........................... 16 13 23 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••..••••••••••••••. 8.5 7.8 14 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .0 . 2 . 1 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 0 . 5 . 5 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 68 73 92 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••..••..•••..•.•••••••••••.•••. 30 18 45 

Noncarbonate •••••...•••••••••••.•• 10 7 29 

Color ................................... 30 20 15 

pH ••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6.8 6.6 7.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••. 109 81 134 

Tu.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••.•• • ••••••••••••• -- 57 57 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• June 4, 1949 Web. 27., 1952 F,eb. 27, 1952 

95 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

LUBBOCK 

(Population, 71, 747) 

Source: 64 wells. ·Wells 1 to 19 are located at separate points in the city and the 

remaining wells in 2 well fields: one field of 30 wells in an area directly 

northwest of the city; the other of 15 wells in an area directly northeast of the 

city. Wells 1 to 3 are 98, 300, and 210ft deep; the remaining wells (depths 

reported for 56) range from 106 to 158 ft deep. The average yield of the 

wells (yields reported for 59) is 498 gpn1. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of pumping plant: 40,000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 19,000, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped in groups to ground storage reservoirs; from these reservoirs the water is pumped to a booster station where it is pumped into the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 1 Well2 Well3 Well4 Well 13 

Silica (SiOg) ••.••.••........ -- 52 -- -- -- Iron (Fe) ••......••...•..... -- . 02 -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..•••..•••.••. 78 57 63 48 76 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 96 65 63 57 94 

Sodium (Na) ............... } 160 { 79 } 76 69 166 Potassium (K) •••.•.•.•... 23 

C~rbonate (COs) .••••..... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 423 318 316 331 345 

Sulfate (SO,.) ................ 379 169 165 139 421 

Chloride (Cl) .•••.•.....••. 126 110 98 62 146 

Fluoride (F) ••••..••••.•... 3.2 5.4 3.4 -- 3.2 

Nitrate (NOs) .••.•..•....•. 11 7.5 4. 1 . 8 1.5 

Dissolved solids ......... 1,200 746 738 628 1,200 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total •..•.••••••......•.... 589 410 416 354 . 576 

Noncarbonate ...••..•••• 242 150 157 83 294 

Color •.•.•••.••..••..•..••..• -- -- -- -- -- pH •.....•••..•..••..•.•..•..•. -- 8. 1 -- -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 2.5 C. ) -- 1, 130 -- -- -- Turbidity .•••••.••••.•.•.... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...... Sept. 22, Feb. 15, Sept. 22, Oct. 2, Sep.t. 22, 

1944 1944 1944 1944 1944 

Depth (feet) ............... 98 300 210 156 150 

Diameter (inches) ••..•.. 24 24 24 24 22-18 

Date drilled .............. 1925 1917 1925 1928 1939 

Percent of supply .•...... -- -- -- -- --
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

Analyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geological Survey 

Well 15 Well 16 Well 19 Well 31 

Silica (SiOj •.•••••••••••••••.•••• 55 -- 64 49 

Iron (Fe) •••.•••••..••••••.••••••••• . 0 -- 0 06 . 01 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• 0 00 -- -- 0 00 

Calcium (Ca) ...••....•.••••.••••• 59 45 69 49 

Magnesium (Mg) .••••••.•••••••• 57 58 80 40 

Sodium (Na) .•.•••.•••.•.•.••.••••• 115 } 59 150 { 53 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 12 7.6 

Carbonate (COJ ................. 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •••..•••••••• 368 249 317 304 

Sulfate (S04) •••• •••••••• •••••u ... 227 120 272 85 

Chloride (Cl) •••••••••.•••.•••.•.• 68 98 190 43 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... 208 3o5 4. 1 2o0 

Nitrate (NOs} ...••••••..•••••.•••• 2.5 2.8 5. 1 4.5 

Dissolved solids •••.•.•••.••.••• 780 619 1,030 494 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ......•..••..•....••.••.•••. 382 351 501 287 

Noncarbonate •.••...•.•••••••• ijO 147 241 38 

Color ................................ -- -- -- -- pH •••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.5 -- 7.5 803 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C • .) ••.••. 1,180 -- 1,580 766 

Turbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) .•••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection •••••••••••.••• Nov. 10, Sept. 25, Feb. 15, Nov. 10, 

1951 1944 1945 1951 

Depth (feet) ...................... 135 135 145 141 

Diameter (inches) .............. 22·-18 22-18 22-18 18 

Date drilled •• e. e II ....... e •••• e e e e 1940 1941 1945 1947 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- --

97 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

LUFKIN 

(Population, 15, 135) 

Source: 3 wells (3, 5, and 6), 1, 168, 1, 175, and 1, 175 ft deep, about 4i miles 

north of the city limits; auxiliary supply, 1 well (4), 66ft deep, and 650 acre-ft 

lake (small streams impounded), about 2 miles north of the city limits. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 640, 850, and 900 gpm. The auxiliary 

well is reported to yield 3 75 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration (trays) and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of pumping plant: 3, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-Wa.ter storage: 2 elevated tanks and surface reservoirs, 1, 200, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually or in groups as needed, aerated at the well, 

chlorinated before entering the station reservoirs about 2 miles frorr.t the city's 

north limits. The water is pumped from the station reservoirs into 2 elevated 

tanks located in the city, then to the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geological Survey) · 

Well 3 Well5 We116 Well4 

(raw (raw (raw (raw 

water) water) water) water) 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••••••• 17 19 18 58 

lr'on (Fe) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 17 -- -- 1.4 

Manganese (Mn) ................. .00 -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 1.7 . 2 7.9 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• . 2 . 7 . 5 3.7 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 134 

~ 150 142 { 26 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 1.2 4.1 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••• 0 9 7 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 244 260 244 55 

Sulfate (SOJ •• • • •• ................. 68 79 79 6.5 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 13 17 13 32 

Fluoride (F) ..•...........•....•. . 2 -- -- .0 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••••.•••••••••••••• . 2 . 2 .0 . 2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••.•••••• 357 406 385 181 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 7 2 35 

None ar bonate ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Color ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 -- -- -- pH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.3 8.8 8.7 6.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c._) •••••• 565 665 625 204 

Tu.rbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••.••••••••• -- -- -- 66 

Date of collection ~ •••••••••••••• 1Nov.28, 1951 June 23, 1949 June 23, 1949 pet. 4, 1944 

Depth (feet) .................•..... 1, 168 1,175 1, 221 66 

Diameter (inches) ..............• 16-10 18-10 18-10 24~16 

Da.te drilled ..•..•........•....... 1939 1946 l"R8 1944 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- --

98 
Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Rio Grande. 

TEXAS 

MCALLEN 

(Population, 20, 067) 

Treatment: Chlorination, aeration (trays), coagulation with alum, addition of lime 

for pH control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration. Copper sulfate is used 

at times for algae control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 200, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Earthen reservoir, 10, 500, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 500, 000 gal;. 3 above-ground 

storage tanks, 900,000 gal. 

There is considerable variation in the composition of the raw water throughout the 

year. 

ANALYSEs· 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••.•••. -- 16 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•.•••••••. -- . 13 Total .................. 288 290 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 158 180 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 86 88 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 18 17 Color .................... -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } 88 { 88 pH •••••• ~······· ••••••••• -- 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7.4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 16 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 126 134 25 c. ) ............... -- 971 

Sulfate (SOJ .•••••••••. 190 212 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 106 111 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• -- . 8 Date of collection .•• Aug. 7, Aug. 7, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• 2.5 2.2 1945 1945 

Dissolved solids ••••. 650 634 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 143 160 130 8.3 8.4 8.2 315 410 180 150 230 120 

Finished water~ •. 118 140 100 7·. 8 7.8 7.7 316 350 240 -- 10 0 

99 
TEXAS 

MARSHALL 

(Population, 22, 327) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 100 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population, about 22, 400. 

Source: Caddo Lake (Cypress Creek impounded). The intake is approximately 14 

miles northeast of Marshall, in Grayson County. Fifteen wells previously 

used as municipal water supply could be used in an emergency (no pumping 

facilities at present at the well locations). 

Treatment: Aeration (spray), prechlorination, coagulation with alum, fluoridation 

with sodium fluoride, activated carbon for odor and taste control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of lime for pH control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1 ground reservoir, 11, 500,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2 ground steel tanks, 400, 000 gal each; 3 elevated tanks, 

500, 000, 160, 000, and 300, 000 gal. 

The water flows by gravity to the pumping station approximately 300 yd from the 

intake on Caddo Lake. The water is pumped to the ground reservoir, from 

which it flows by gravity to the treatment plant. The finished water flows from 

the treatment plant to two steel tanks, from which it is pumped to the distribution system and elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •.•....••. 15 15 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •...•..••••••. . 76 .0 Total .................. 31 57 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate .••••• 18 42 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 6.9 18 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 3.4 3.0 Color···················· 25 10 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 17 19 pH ..••••••..••..•....•.•• 6.4 6.7 

Potassium (K) ••.•••• 3.6 1.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 16 18 25 c. ) ............... 168 239 

Sulfate (S04) ~ ••••••••• 20 33 Turbidity •••.•.•.•••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl)" ••••.•••• 27 34 Temperature (F. ) ••• 54 55 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 1.0 Date of collection ... Feb. 26, Feb . 26, 

Nitrate (NO,) .••...••. . 5 . 0 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids ••.•. 127 160 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•....... 25 48 8 7.0 8.5 6. 6 -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... 30 55 10 8.6 9.0 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- --

100 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

MIDLAND 

(Population, 21, 713) 

Source: 35 wells in 3 well fields: Cole Park Field, 14 wells, 102 to 145 ft deep, 

3 miles southeast of the city limits; Rosedale Field, 9 wells, 109 to 147ft deep, 

1~ miles southeast of the city limits; Wadley Field, 12 wells, 125 to 185ft deep 

(depths for 7 wells reported), half a mile northeast of the city limits. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of pumping plants: 12,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 4 ground tanks, 1, 000,000, 300,000 gal,. and two 180,000 

gal each. 

Finished-water storage: 2 reservoirs, 2, 225,000 and 500,000 gal; 1 elevated 

tank, 300,000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually. The water is pumped to ground storage tanks 

at the well fields. It is chlorinated as it is pumped from the storage tanks to 

the city into the distribution system and storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. B. Geological Survey) 

Ci~ Park Rosedale Wadley Wadley Wadley ield Field Field Field Field 

Wel11 WellS Well7 WellS Well L-12 

Silica (SiO.) .•.••.••.••...•. 68 67 65 61 70 

Iron (Fe) ••.•....••...•..... .03 .02 -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• • 00 • 00 -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••....•...•. 242 151 81 83 79 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••..• 156 108 62 28 56 

Sodium (Na) ••....•.•••.••. 387 211 } 135 75 122 Potassium (K) •.•••••..••. 10 8.4 

Ctp"bonate (COs) .••••..... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••.•• 255 235 204 230 214 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 814 610 295 97 237 

Chloride (Cl) .••..•......•. 698 300 192 135 188 

Fluoride (F) ••.••.•••..•.•. 3.6 4.0 -- -- -- Nitrate {NOs) •...••.•...... 28 8.2 6.6 7.5 6.1 

Dissolved solids ••..•..•. 2,790 1,680 985 650 903 

Hardness as .CaCO,: 

Total ...................... 1,250 820 457 322 428 

Noncarbonate ··••••••··• 1,040 628 290 134 252 

Color ..•..••.••...•..•..••... 0 0 -- -- -- pJI ...........•...••..•.•••..•. 7.3 7. 5 7.7 7.9 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C .. ) 3,870 2,360 1,470 944 1,360 

Turbidity ••••..••••..•....•. -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 69 70 -- -- -- Date of collection ••....•. Apr. 30, Apr. 30, Sept.20, .Sept. 20, Sept. 20, 

1952 1952 194.9 1949 1949 

Depth (feet) ............... 110 147 160 148 -- Diameter (inches) ........ 20 16 12 12 12 

Date drilled ....•.......... 1927 1941 1~48 1948 1948 

Percent of supply .•...... -- -- -- -- --

101 
TEXAS 

ODESSA 

(Population, '29, 495) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 2, 000 persons outside the city limits . 

. Total population supplied, about 31, 500. 

Sburce: · 74 wells in one area extending from 1 mile north to 7 miles north of the 

· c'ity limits. The depth of the wells ranges from 120 to' 207 ft and averages 164 

ft. The yield of wells is reported to range from 35 to 300 gpm and averages 

164 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rate(fcapacity of pumping plants: 19, 950,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 6 reservoirs, 440, 000 gal each; 5 ground storage tanks,· 

500, 000, 440, 000, 300, 000, 100, 000, and 65, 000 gal; 3 elevated tanks, two 

500, 000 gal each and one 100, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually. The water flows from the wells to the North 

Pump Station, at the well field, into 6 reservoirs. It is chlorinated as it enters 

the reservoirs. The water is pumped from the field reservoirs to ground 

storage tanks in Odessa from which it is pumped into the distribution system 

and elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, ·by u.· S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

Well2 Well 28 Well44 Well 66 water 

(city tap) 

Silica (SiOa) ••.• ~ .•......... 38 32 44 37 33 

Iron (Fe) ••••....••..••..... .10 .15 . 05 -- . 05 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- -- -- . 00 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 132 72 66 68 74 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 34 17 14 13 12 

Sodium (Na) ............... 81 37 25 } 27 { 52 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 4.8 1.6 3.6 2.4 

Cal' bonate (C<Js) •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 186 214 220 229 213 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 255 72 44 46 70 

Chloride (Cl) .•••....•...•. 155 42 26 24 57 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••• 1.4 1.8 2.0 -- 1.6 

Nitrate (NOs) .............. 14 17 12 14 14 

Dissolved solids •......•. 877 406 364 342 442 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ..••.••••••.....••.... 470 250 222 223 234 

Noncarbonate . • .••••••.. 317 74 42 36 60 

Color •.•.....••..••..•..••••. -- -- -- -- 0 

PH ............................ 7. 5 7.7 7.7 8.0 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C.. ) 1,280 644 568 562 717 

Turbidity ••••••..•...•.•.... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- 69 -- 73 

Date of collection ••.•..•• Sept. 22, Sept. 22, Sept. 22, Jul. 8, Apr. 29, 

1948 1948 1948 1949 1952 

Depth (feet) ............... 150 150 175 196 

Diameter (inches) ......•• 10 10 16-10t 16-lOt 

Date drilled ............... 1944 1946 1948 1949 

Percent of supply .....••. -- -- -- --

102 
TEXAS· 

ORANGE 

(Population, 21, 174) 

Ownership: Gulf States Utilities Co. ; also supplies approximately 5, 800 persons 

outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 27,000. 

Source: 5 wells (1, 2, 4 to 6), "687, 688, 738, 749, and 745ft deep; within the city 

limits. The yield of the wells is reported to be 550, 2, 400, 750, 1, 000, and 

2,100 gpm. · 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation at point of discharge of water from wells 

into ground reservoir. · 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 680, 000 gal. One elevated tank, 500, 000 gal, floats on 

the system in form of a surge tank. 

The wells are pumped by electric motors individually orin group as 4emand requires, the water flowing to 1 ground reservoir, from which it is pumped into 

the distribution system. Analyses made by the State Board of Health Laboratories show very small variation in the chemical composition of the water over 

a period of the last 25 years. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 5 

(raw Finished 

water) water 

Silica (SiO:a) • . . • •. • • • • 48 42 

Iron (Fe) . . . • • . . • •• • • •• . 34 . 39 

Hardness as CaC03: 

Total ~····· ......... . 

Well 5 

(raw 

water) 

30 

0 

Finished 

water 

28. 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 . Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••.•••. 8. 6 7. o II----------1---.....;___,1--__;--

Magnesium (Mg) ••• ~. 2. 0 2. 5 Color .•••••••••.••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } i05 {108 pH .......•............... 

Potassium (K) • • • • • • • . 8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ •.••. 0 o (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 198 193 

Sulfate (SOJ • . . • • • • • • • 1. 6 . 5 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.••.• 67 71 

Fluoride (F).......... -- . 4 

Nitrate (NOJ . • • • . • • •• . 3 1. 5 

Dissolved solids..... 33 5 334 

25_ c. ) .............. . Turbidity •••••••.•••••• 

Temperature (F.) ••. 

Date of collection ••. 

Depth (feet) .............•...............................•................... 

Diameter (inches) .............................................•........... 

Date drilled ............•...........•........................... o ••••••••••• 

Percent of supply ........................................................ . 

103 

-- 15 

-- 7.3 

-- 532 

-- -- -- -- Apr. 12, Nov. 27, 

1941 1951 

749 

16-8i 

1941 

--
TEXAS 

PAMPA 

(Population, 16, 583) 

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: 8 wells: 5 wells (1 to 5-south), 450, 450, 411, 412, and 411 ft deep, 

south of city; 3 wells (1-north, 3-north, and 4-north), 395, 412, and 414 ft 

deep, north of the city. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 630, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 570,000 gal ground storage; 525,000 gal overhead 

storage. 

The wells are pumped individually to 2 central collecting points, 1 north of the 

city and the other south. The water .is chlorinated, and pumped by booster 

pumps into the distribution system and storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a waterb watera 

Silica (SiOa) •.••• o o ••• 12 31 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••o••· •••••• 0 .16 . 16 Total ................... 258 

Manganese (Mn) .-•••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 70 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 59 42 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 27 22 Color···················· -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 117 30 pH ...•...••..•.••.......• 7.4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 12 2.8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 230 254 25 c. ) ............... 1,060 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 141 21 Turbidity •••.••••• .-•••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 132 26 Temperature (Ji'. ) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 1.2 . 9 Date of ~ollection •.. Nov. 20, 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• 4.0 4.8 1947 

Dissolved solids ••••• 638 293 

aCOmposite sample wells 1 and 2-south and wells 1, 3, and 4-north. 

bcomposite sample wells 3, 4, and 5-south. 

104 

waterb 

196 

0 

--

7.8 

526 

--

-- Iune 6, 

1951 
TEXAS 

PARIS 

(Population, 21, 643) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 300 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 21, 900. 

Source: Pine Creek impounded in Lake Crook, about 4 miles north of Paris. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Lake Gibbons on Pine Creek, about 5 miles upstream from Lake Crook. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, aeration (cascades), coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of lime for pH 

control. Use of activated carbon at times for odor and taste control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: City treatment plant (formerly Camp Maxie), 

4, 000,000 gpd; Old treatment plant, 3, 200,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Crook, capacity, 10,800 acre-ft (1936). 

Finished-water storage: 2 underground reservoirs, 600,000 and 300,000 gal; 1 

elevated tank, 500, 000 gal; 1 standpipe, 300, 000 gal. 

Since 1948, when the city acquired the treatment plant at Camp Maxie, only that 

treatment plant has been in use. 

The water flows by gravity from the lake, intake at dam of Lake Crook approximately 500 ft from the treatment plant, to the treatment plant. The finished 

water from the plant is pumped into 2 underground storage tanks, from which 

it is pumped into town, into the distribution system and elevated tanks. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in·parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiO:.} •.•••••••• 9.6 2.2 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• . 02 . 05 Total toe••··· ••••••••• -. 43 83 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• .00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 10 46 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 13 30 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.6 1.9 Color ••••••••••••••••••• 60 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 8.7 5.2 pH ••••••••••••••••••••.•• 6.8 ~. 5 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.6 2.4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COal ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOa} 41 45 25 c.) •.....•....•..• 115 ~19 

SuHate (SOJ .......... 15 48 'Purbidity •••.•••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 4.0 6.8 Temperature (F.) ••. 57. 55 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• .3 . 3 Date. of ~ollection •.• Mar. 25, Mar. ~ 5, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• a 1. 0 . 5 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids ••••. 77 140 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Ra '\V water .•..•.••. 23 25 22 7.3 7.5 7.3 43 44 41 85 190 50 

Finished water .•. 36 40 33 7.9 8.1 7.7 81 84 80 . 5 • 5 . 5 

aSum of determi!led constituents. 

105 
TEXAS 

PASADENA 

(Population, 22, 4S3) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies approximately 100 persons outside the city 

limits. Total population supplied, about 22,600. 

Source: 5 wells (4 to S), 1, 203, 5SO, 1, 565, 1, 264, and 1, 262 ff deep. 

Treatment: Chlorination at the wells. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Ground reservoir and elevated tank, 2, 000,000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually into ground storage tanks. From the storage 

tanks the water is ·pumped into the distribution system. Overhead storage 

tanks, used also in controlling pressure, are "floated" on the distribution 

system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Wel14a Well sa Well4a Well sa 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 16 1S Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •..•.••••••••• . 32 . 01 Total ~············· .-. 21 39 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••. 6. 3 11 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.3 ~ 2.8 

Color .................... -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 

} 134 121 pH ...............•....... S.6 7.9 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ..••. 2S 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 240 276 25 C.) •••.••••••••••. 595 576 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 11 12 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 40 46 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) ••••••••••. . s . 6 Date of collection ••. Sept. 10, Nov . 20, 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• . 0 . 2 1943 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 349 34S 

Depth (feet) ......................................... •'• ...................... 1,203 1,262 

Diameter (inches) ......................•...•..........•................•... 1St-11~ 12-S 

Date drilled •............................................................... 1943 1950 

Percent of supply ....................•...................................... -- -- a Raw water. 

106 
TEXAS 

PLAINVIEW 

(Population, 14, 044). 

Owner·ship: Municipal; supplies also about 500 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 14, 500. 

Source: 5 wells (1 to 5), within the city limits. Wells 1 to 3 are each 301 ft deep; 

well 5, 305 ft; depth not reported for well 4. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Ground storage reservoir, 750, 000 gal; 3 elevated storage tanks, 

500, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually and directly into the ground reservoir and elevated tanks from which the water is distributed. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Weill Well 5 Well 1 Well5 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••• 60 60 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• 0 0 0 0 Total .................. 262 235 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- 0 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 44 38 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 37 34 Color···················· -- --

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 28 45 pH ..••..•.••••..••.•.•.•. 7.4 7.8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 8.5 4.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 329 335 25 c.) ............... 594 622 

Sulfate (SOJ •.•••••••• 28 26 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 18 22 Temperature (F.) ••• 64 64 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••.• 3.6 2.8 Date of collection ••• Feb. 28, 'Nov .. 13, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.2 2.5 1945 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 379 394 

Depth (feet) ................................................................. 301 305 

Diameter (inches) .•...............•....................................... 18 16 

Date drilled •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••• 1937 1948 

Percent of supply ......................................................... -- --

107 
TEXAS 

PORT ARTHUR 

(Population, 57, 530) 

Ownership~ Municipal; supplies also approximately 10,000 persons outside the city 

limits, in addition to the towns of Griffing Park, Lakeview, Pear Ridge, and 

Sabine Pass. Total population supplied, about 75, 100. 

Source: Neches River. The intake is about 15 miles upstream from Beaumont, 

Jefferson County, and the water is diverted by open canal to the treatment 

plant. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, followed by addition of lime and soda ash for 

corrosion control, chlorination, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 11,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Earthen reservoir, 200, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Ground reservoir and elevated tanks, 4, 100,000 gal. 

There is some variation in the composition of the raw water throughout the year. 

For raw water analyses of Neches River, see Beaumont. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•............... 

Finished 

water 

(city tap) 

13 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Finished 

water 

(city tap) 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .. ~ .......•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ......•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (CO,) •......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) •••••••••••••• • 

1. 1 Total .•.•. .. . .. .. . . . ......... 45 

.oo ~ __ N_on __ c_ar_bo __ na __ te __ ._ •• _ .. _ .. _._··-··-r------~0--

10 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) ••••••••••••• • 

4. 9 Color . . .. . . . . •. •••.... •. •. .. . . . 10 

55 pH.............................. 7.3 

1. 2 Specific conductance 

0 (micromhos at 

70 25 c.) ••........ : .......... . 

44 Turbidity ..•........•••...... 

44 Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•... 

. 1 Date of collection •.•.•.... 

• 2 

348 

Nov. 28, 

1951 Dissolved solids ........ . 211 

Regular determinatiOns at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Mu Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 20 30 10 7. 5 8.3 6.0 45 51 35 20 200 10 

Finished water ... 45 60 35 8.3 8.7 8.0 50 60 40 2 2 2 

108 
TEXAS 

SAN ANGELO 

(Population, 52, 093) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Goodfellow Air Force Base. 

Source: Lake Naswothy, on South Concho River, 6 miles southwest of the City Hall. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Nasworthy, capacity 11,000 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 2 elevated tanks, 250, 000 gal each; 1 ground reservoir, 

650, 000 gal; clear wells, 5, 500, 000 gal. 

The water· is released from Lake Nasworthy and flows down the Concho River to 

the treatment plant in San Angelo. The finished water from the plant is 

pumped into the distribution system and storage. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw 'Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiO,) •••••••••• 11 13 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) .............. .37 .10 Total ~················ 219 200 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 32 46 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 55 49 

Magnesium (kg) •.••. 20 19 Color .••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 43 } 64 pH .. ····~················· 7.5 7.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 228 188 25 C.) ••.••.•••••••••• 626 629 

Sulfate (SOJ .......... 29 36 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 74 104 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••. 0 6 0 3 Date of collection ••• ~ug. 18, Oct. 17, 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• 0 0 0 5 1947 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••• 348 350 

Regular determ:i.tw,tions at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 200 246 156 8.2 8.5 7.8 -- -- -- 9 50 5 

Finished water ... 190 236 132 7. 9 8. 1 7.0 230 266 190 0 8 1.0 . 5 
TEXAS 

SAN ANTONIO 

(Population, 408, 442) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Alamo Heights, Olmos Park, Terrell Hills, 

and Brooks Air Force Base. Total population supplied, about 420,000. 

Source: 66 wells: ~1 wells in 6 well fields, and 25 wells at various points throughout the city. Well Stations (Fields): Brackenridge, 13 wells, 900ft deep (average); Market Street, 12 wells, 880 to 936ft deep; Mission, 10 wells, 1, 400ft 

deep (average); and the following stations: Artesia Road, Lady of the Lake 

Garden, and Wc;>adlawn Hills 2 wells each. The depth of the wells at the last 

named stations and the remaining wells ranges from 600 to 1, 333 ft. 

Treatment: Chlorinati-on at the major stations and some of the scattered outlying 

stations. The outlying stations that are not chlorinated are pumped only when 

the demand requires. 

Rated capacity of pumping plants: 247, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 7 elevated tanks, one 2, 500, 000 gal, one 1, 500,000 gal, 

two 1, 000, 000 gal each, one 250, 000 gal, one 80, 000 gal, and one 50, 000 gal; 

1 standpipe, 37) 500 gal. 

The wells at the Market Street, Brackenridge, Mission, and Artesia Road Stations 

pump as a unit; all other wells are pumped individually. The water is pumped 

directly into the distribution system and storage. The Artesia Road, Market 

Street, and Mission Stations serve the southern part of the city. The Brackenridge station and most of the scattered outlying wells serve the northern part 

of. the city. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Mission ArtesiaRd Basse Rd. Bracken- Wells 

Station well well ridge, 13 (finished 

well 9 'raw water) raw water) we usa water)b 

Silica (SiO.) ••.••....•...... 17 24 16 14 12 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•...•..... . 01 . 00 . 12 . 00 . 01 

Manganese (Mn) .......... .00 -- -- . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ce,) .............. 65 50 . 50 62 63 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••... 19 14 17 17 16 

Sodium (Na) ............... 10 13 5.2 7. 1 7.9 

Potassium (K) ............ 1.6 .4 . 8 1.2 2.0 

C~rbonate (COs) .......... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 238 175 190 244 240 

Sulfate (804) ............... 35 

I 

35 32 15 

I 

17 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 18 19 13 12 14 

Fluoride (F) ............... .3 .4 .3 .2 I .2 

Nit·rate (N03) .. ~- ........... 5.0 2.5 3.5 5.4 I 3.0 

Dissolved solids ......... 296 244 246 259 

I 

2Ct; 

Hardness as CaC08 : 

l Total ...................... 240 182 195 225 223 

Noncarbonate · · · • · ·· · · · · 45 38 39 25 26 -

Color ........................ 0 -- -- 0 0 

pH ............................ 7.6 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 498 425 490 449 453 

Turbidity ...•.•..•.......... 0 -- -- 0 -- Temperature (F.) •••••••. 81 -- -- 78 -- Date of collection ........ May 14, Dec. 13, June 21, May 14, Mar. 14, 

1952 1948 1950 1952 1952 

a Finished water. 

bcorr.posite sample, Market Street, Mission Park, and Artesia well fields. 

110 
TEXAS 

SAN BENITO 

(Population, 13, 271) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies als.o about 400 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 13, 700. 

Source: Rio Grande. Connecting capal to San Benito. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, aeration (cascades), coagulation with alum and lime, 

pH control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination .. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 500, 000 gpd. 

Ra.w-water storage: Raw water stored in Resaca de los Fresnos. 

Finished-water storage: 325,000 gal. 

There is considerable variation in the composition of the raw water throughout the 

year. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•............... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Finished 

water 

10 

65 

21 

101 

. 02 

4. 0 

0 

114 

164 

132 

. 5 

. 5 

552 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Finished 

water 

Total ...•................... 248 

Noncarbonate .••......... 155 

Color .......................... --

pH .••... ..•.... .... ....• .. .. . .. . 7. 7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.)...................... 955 

Turbidity . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . --

Temperature (F. ) . . . . . . . . . . --

Date of collection . . . . . . . . . June 7, 1 S51 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 125 137 113 8.0 8. 1 7. 9 -- -- -- 134 183 112 

Finished water ... 113 125 103 7.8 8.0 7.6 -- -- -- -- -- --

111 
TEXAS 

SHERMAN 

(Population, 20, 150) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 500 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 23, 650. 

Source: 11 wells: 7 wells (1 to 4, 6 to 8), on West Birge Street; 2 wells (3 and 9), 

on West McGee Street, in the northwest section of Sherman; 2 wells, on South 

East Street, in southeast section of Sherman. Seven of the wells range in depth 

from 708 to 912ft; four, from 2,140 to 2, 257ft ... ,he yield of the wells 

(data fo1.· 8 wells) is reported to range from 175 to 543 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 2 underground reservoirs, 1, 400, 000 and 50, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 50, 000 gal; 1 elevated tank, 

750,000 gal; 1 standpipe, 300, 000 gal. 

The weils are pumped individually into the underground reservoirs, from which 

the water is pumped into the distribution system and storage, being chlorinated 

as it leaves the reservoirs. The wells in the northwest section, Fairview Pump 

Station, Woodbine wells 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and Fairview Pump Station 

Trinity wells 1, 2, and 3 are pumped into a 1, 400,000 gal reservoir. The 

water from the wells in the southeast section, South Plant Woodbine well 1, and 

South Plant Trinity well 1, is pumped into a 50, 000. gal reservoir. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Uo S. Geological Survey) 

Trinity well 1 Trinity well 3 Woodbine well 9 

(raw waterf (raw water)a (raw water)a 

Silica (SiOj .......................... 16 16 14 

Iron (Fe) .............................. . 01 . 01 .16 Manganese (Mn) o•o 0000 000 000 0 000 0 000 

. 00 . 00 . 00 Calcium (Ca) o•o oo oo oo•• •o•. ooo o oo •• •o 2.6 2.8 . 2 Magnesium (Mg). o ••• o •••••• 0 ••• 0 o o •• 1.2 1.8 . 5 Sodium (Na) ............................. 337 365 109 Potassium (K) •••••• o ••• 0 o •••• 0 •••••• . 8 -- 2.0 Carbonate (COJ .•••••••• o ••••• oo•o•• 0 0 0 Bicarbonate (HCOJ o o o •••• o o o. o o. o o o 461 468 248 Sulfate (804). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 110 107 21 Chloride (Cl) .• o o o•. 00 o ••o. ••oo o oo• ••• 168 215 8.8 Fluoride (F) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .6 . 7· . 6 Nitrate (NOJ o o •• o o o •• o o o o o o. o •• o o o o o o 1.2 . 1.8 1.0 Dissolved solids o o. o o. o o o o o o o o o •• o. o 859 942 284 Hardness as CaC08: 

Total .............. , ................. 12 14 3 Noncarbonate •o•••o oo••o• •••••o···· 0 0 0 

Color ................................... 5 5 5 

pH ......................................... 8.3 8.3 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••• o. o o o o 1,450 1,610 459 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) o o o o o •• o ••••••••• 0. 91 91 .. 78 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Feb 15 1952 Feb 15 1952 Feb 15 1952 

Depth (feet) .......................... 2,140 2,169 912 

Diameter (inches) .•..•........ 0 •••• 10-8 13~-6~ -- Date drilled ......................... 1921 1944 1949 

Percent of supply o ••••.•••••• o •••• ~. ·• -- -- -- aFairview Pump Station. 

112 
TEXAS 

SWEETWATER 

(Population, 13, 619) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Robe, Longworth, and about 500 persons outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 15, 300. 

Source: Lake Sweetwater on Bitter Creek, about 8 miles southeast of the city, twothirds of the supply; Lake Trammel on Sweetwater Creek, about 8 miles southwest of the city, one-third of the supply. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, aeration (cascades), coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and fluoridation with sodium fluoride. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Sweetwater, capacity 4, 500, 000, 000 gal; I,ake Trammel, capacity 1, 800, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1 elevated tank, 750, 000 gal; 1 standpipe, 280, 000 gal; 

clea .• 1 well, 250, 000 gal. 

T-he water from Lake Sweetwater is pumped to the treatment plant; that from Lake 

Trammel flows by gravity to the treatment plant. The finished water from the· 

plant is pumped into the distribution system and elevated storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U 0 S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Lake Finished 

Trammel Sweetwater water 

(raw water) (raw water) (composite) 

Silica (SiOJ o o •• o o o o. o o. o o •• •o. o o o •••• 7.6 3.0 7.2 

Iron (Fe) •o•. oo•••o o ••o o ····••ooooo 0. •o . 05 . 07 . 05 

Manganese (Mn) •• o. o ••••••• o 0 •• o o ••• -- . 00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) •••••• • •••••••••••••••••• 52 59 64 

Magnesium (Mg). o •••••••••• 0 ••• 0 •••• 6.8 13 14 

Sodlum (Na) ........................... } 7.8 { 13 14 

Potassium (K) •••••• 0 ..... 0. 0 ••••• 0 •• 0 ;3.6 3.6 

Carbonate (CO,) ••••• o ••• 0 0 ••o• oo•o •o 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) •• o •o o •• 0 0 •• 0. 0 o• 164 197 224 

Sulfate (SO..). •• o •• o. o •• o o ••••• 0 0 •• o. 0 0 0 16 41 36 

Chloride ( Cl) 0 o o •••• 0 .................. 16 20 17 

Fluoride (!i1 ••••• o. o. 0 ••• o. 0 •o 0. o• •• 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 9 

Nitrate (NO,) •oo•o••o•oo•o•••o•••o•o~· 1.0 0 0 . 5 

Dissolved solids •.• 0 o ••• o 0 0 ••• o. 0 ••• 193 270 278 

Hardness as CaC08 : 

Total o o. o o o o o o. o• o •• o o o ••••• 0 0 ••• o. •o 158 201 217 

Noncarbonate •••••• o• •••••••••••.•• 23 39 34 

Color ................................... -- 10 10 

pH ....••.......•.....•.....••...•••....•• 7.6 7.7 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )o••········ 338 453 472 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.• o ••••••••••• o. o -- -- -- Date of collection • o. o ••• o. 0 •• 0 ••• 0 0. July 2, 1946 Jan. 18, 1952 Jan. 18, 1952 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Raw water .•. •••o•• 175 185 160 7.6 8.0 7.4 200 220 129 25 1000 20 

Finished water. 0. 170 180 155 7. 6 8.0 7.4 200 220 129 . 0 . 0 .0 

113 
TEXAS 

TEMPLE 

(Population, 25, 467) 

Ownershi1l: Municipal; su_l.)plies also about 400 persons outside the city limits and 

McGloskey Hospital. Total population supplied, about 27, 500. 

Source: Lake on Leon River, below highway bridge on U. S. Highway 81; and 5 

wells (1 to 5), 1, 238, 1, 260, 1, 268, 2, 136, and 1, 460ft deep. Wells 1, 2, and 

3 are at the treatment plant; well 4 on Nugent Avenue, and well 5 at the city 

airport. The yield of the wells is reported to be 900, 900, 900, 1, 000, and 150 gpm. 

Treatrr1ent: Surface water and water from wells 1, 2, and 3: prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and fluoridation with sodium fluoride. Water from well 4: aeration and 

chlorination. Water from well 5: chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment vlant: 7, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake, capacity 921 acre-ft. 

Finished-water storage: 2 underground reservoirs, 8, 000, 000 and 25,000 gal; 2 

elevated tanks, 500, 000 gal each. 

The water from the lake and wells 1, 2, and 3 is pumped to the treatment plant. 

The finished water from the plant is pumped approximately 6 miles to the city 

to the underground reservoir, from which it is pumped into the distribution 

system and elevated tanks. The water from well 4 is pumped into an underground reservoir, being aerated as it enters the reservoir and chlorinated as 

it is pumped from the reservoir into the distribution system. Well 5 is a separate unit suvplying only the city airport. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Uo S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Well 2 Lake 

(raw water) (raw water) (finished water) 

Silica (SiO:J • o o o o •• o o. o o o o o o o o o. o o o •• o 12 14 8.8 

Iron (Fe) •••o••ooo•o••oo•oo.oo••••ooooo . 04 . 01 . 02 

Manganese (Mn) o o ••• o. o. o o o •• o o •• o 0. -- .00 0 00 

Calcium (Ca) ooooooo••oooooooooooooooo 47 6.8 12 

Magnesium (Mg) .. o o• •• o o ••••• o. o •• o• 12 4.0 5.2 

Sodi urn ( Na) o o o ••••• o o o o. o •••• o o o •• o ••• 181 438 '48 

Potassium (K) ••••• o •••••••• o o o •••••• 4.4 .4 1.2 

Carbonate (COa) ooooooo•••• .. •••o•••• 0 0 6 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ................. 307 442 34 

Sulfate (804) •••• o o ••••••••••••••• o•• ••• 79 221 46 

Chloride (Cl) ...... oo••••o•o•oo•o•o••• 162 268 50 

Fluoride ('1·········•o•o•••o••••oo••• 0 5 2.2 0 3 

Nitrate (NOa) ...•• •••o •••• o. o•o •• 0 0 ••• 2.0 3.5 1.0 

Dissolved solids .................... 681 1, 180 197 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 167 34 51 

Noncarbonate •o ••••••••••••••••• -•• 0 0 14 

Color ................................... -- 0 5 

pH ......................••.••............ 8.0 8.0 9. 0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •.•.••••••• -- 1,970 .. 348 

Turbidity ............... .............. -- -- -- Temperature (F.) ••••••••.•••••••••• -- 86 -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Apr. 23, 1943 Feb. 29, 1952 Oct. 22, 1951 

114 
TEXAS 

TEXARKANA 

(Population, 8, 878; total population of Texarkana, Tex. and Texarkana, Ark. , 24, 753) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also subjrban areas. Total population supplied; 

about 42,628. 

Source: 3 well fields and 1 impounding re1servoir: Arkansas Station, 22 wells 

ranging in depth from 40ft to 50ft; T~xas Station, 12 wells ranging in depth 

from 40 ft to 50 f~; Bringle Station (u~ed f~r emergency), 6 wells each about 

37 ft deep; and Bringle Lake (Clear Creek Impounded). 

Treatment: Wells: aeration, alkali for a~justment of pH, and chlorination. Lake: 

prechlorination, coagulation with lim~ and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, postchlorination, and carb nation at times. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 075, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: -- ! 

Finished-water storage: 4, 000, 000 gal. / 

I 

! 

The Arkansas Station well field is near El. st 9th St. and Jefferson Ave.; Texas 

Station is about 1 mile west of Texar ana; Bringle Station, 6 miles northwest 

of Texarkana; and the impounding re ervoir, at Bringle Station well field. 

I 

ANAL~SES I 

(Anal yses, 1n par t s per m1 "11" 101 I , b y u s • • G 1 1 eo og~ca s urvey 

Bringle ! Arkansas Station Texas 

Lakea (r-aw (finished Stationb 

Silica (Si<>t) •••••.•.••....•. 

Iron (Fe) •........•...•..... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• 

Calcium (Ca) ............•. 

Magnesium (.Mg) ••.••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •.....•.••....• 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COs) •••••.•••. 

Bicarbonate (HC08) •••••• 

Sulfate (so.) ...••••••••••.. 

Chloride {Cl) .•.•.......... 

Fluoride (F) ••••..••••.•••. 

Nitrate (Nq~) ............. . 

Dissolved solids .......•. 

Hardness as CaC08 : 

Total ...•.................. 

Noncarbonate ....... ··· · 

5.1 

. 03 

9.3 

2.7 

5. 5 

4.2 

0 

34 

3.0 

14 

• 2 

. 5 

68 

34 

6 

Color ............ ............ --

pH............................ 6. 6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) 115 

Turbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --

Temperature (F.)........ --

Date of collection • . . . . . . . Sept. 22, 

aRaw water. 

bFinished water. 

1943 

w~ ter) water) 

1

8

.48 

36

.19 

I 

. 05 . 01 

I 7. 6 17 

I 5.1 5. 6 

119 20 I 

1 2. 5 2. 6 I 0 16 

1

31 18 

5. 6 5. 7 

133 36 

I .1 .1 

1112 13 ~51 176 

! 

1

40 

14 

5 

5. 8 

65 

24 

8 

9.1 

26 

.01 

2.4 

1.2 

7.4 

2. 5 

0 

10 

3.0 

8.0 

.o 

9.4 

71 

11 

3 

5.6 

199 

2 

66 

DE c. 4, 

951 

235 64.0 

4 -- 65 --

Dec. 4, Sept. 22, 

1951 1943 

15 

Bringle 

Stationb 

36 

. .11 

16 

4.4 

19 

2.8 

0 

55 

2.0 

37 

.2 

2. 5 

149 

58 

13 

6.6 

220 

Sept. 22, 

1943 
TEXAS 

TEXAS CITY 

(Population, 16, 620) 

Ownership: Community Public Service Co. 

Source: 5 wells (3 to 7), 783, 772, 764, 778, and 763 ft deep, in the city. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 190, 440, 500, 350, and 500 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 620, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2 elevated tanks, 250,000 and 100,000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually into connecting lines to the reservoir at the 

pumping plant. The water is pumped from the reservoir to the distribution 

system and elevated tanks, being chlorinated immediately before entering the 

distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well6 Finished Well 6 Finished (raw water a (raw water a water) water) 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••..••• 19 16 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• 0 15 0 19 Total t.e••••········· .. 33 24 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••. 8.0 5.9 

Magnesium (kg) ••••• 3.1 2.3 Color···················· -- 10 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 

} 310 {307 pH ....................... 7.8 7.5 

Potassium (K) ••••••• .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 366 463 25 c. ) ............... 1,460 1, 370 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 2.0 0 1 Turbidity ••••••••••••.• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 285 219 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 1.0 1.1 Date of collection •.. Oct. 8, 'Nov. 19, 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 0 5 .0 1944 1951 

Dissolved solids ••.•• 834 784 

Depth (feet) •................................................................ 778 

Diameter (inches) ..........................•.......•....................... 20-lOt 

Date drilled ................................................................ 1944 

Percent of supply .......................................................... -- acity tap. 

116 
TEXAS 

TYLER 

(Population, 38, 968) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 180 persons outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 39, 150. 

Source: Lake Tyler, approximately 12 miles southeast of the city, off U. S. Highway 64 on Prairie Creek. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Bellwood Lake approximately 4 miles southwest of the city on Indian Creek, and 7 wells (2 to 8) 

at various points within the city limits. The depth of wells is reported to be 

1, 064, 1, 057, 1, 026, 1, 037, 1, 036, 1, 075, and 1,144 ft, and the average 

yield is 681 gpm. The city expects to use the auxiliary supply during summer 

months of each year. 

Treatment: Surface-water supply: prechlorination, aeration, coagulation with 

alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of lime for pH control. Well 4: aeration, coagulation with lime, pressure filtration, and chlorination. Wells 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8: chlorination at 

each well. 

nated capacity of treatment plant: Lake Tyler plant: 10, 500, 000 gpd. Lake Bellwood plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Tyler, capacity 42,500 acre-ft. Lake Bellwood, --. 

Finished-water storage: 1 underground reservoir, 2, 500, 000 gal; 2 standpipes, 

1, 500, 000 and 750, 000 gal; 1 elevated tank, 500, 000 gal. 

The water is pumped from Lake Tyler, intake approximately 2% miles from Whitehouse Dam, to the treatment plant approximately 1% miles southeast of Tyler. 

The water is prechlorinated at the pumping plant. before being pumped to the 

treatment plant. The water flows through the treatment plant into an underground reservoir from which it is pumped to the distribution system and elevated storage. Wells 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are pumped directly into the distribution system. Well 4 is pumped to a small treatment plant at the well, from 

which the finished water is pumped into the distribution system. The flow pattern of the water from Bellwood Lake to the distribution system is similiar to 

that of Lake Tyler. 

117 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

. (Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Bell wood Lake Lake Tyler Lake Tyler 

(raw water) (raw water) (finished water) 

Silica (SiOJ .••••.••••.••••••••..••••• 8.6 4.0 3.5 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••.•••..••••••••••• .04 . 03 .05 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 00 .00 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••·•••••••••••••••••• 5.2 9.0 21 

Magnesium (Mg) •.••••••••••.•••••••• 2.0 4.6 4.6 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••• 4.5 ) { 11 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.8 10 1.2 

Carbonate (COJ ···~················· 0 0 2 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••••••••••• 20 46 61 

Sulfate (S0 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 7.3 19 

Chloride (Cl) .••.•••.•••••.••.•.•••••• 9.0 12 17 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.0 . 3 .1 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••.•••••••••••• . 8 . 5 .0 

Dissolved solids •••..••••••••••••••• 56 92 132 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 21 41 71 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••••••••••••.•• 5 4 18 

Color ................................... -- 15 10 

pH .................•...•...••.•.......... 7.0 6.8 8.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .•••••••••• 85 138 200 

Turbidity ..•••...•••••••••••••••••.••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• 92 56 58 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• July 26, 1943 Feb. 27, 1952 Feb. 27,1952 

Regular determinations at treatment plant a 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .•...•... 18 19 17 7.0 7~0 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water .•. 28 33 24 8.5 8.9 8. 2 -- -- -- -- -- -- a Bellwood Lake, Jan. 1 to Nov. 28, 1951. 

118 
TEXAS 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 2 Well4 Well6 

(raw water) (raw water) (raw water) 

Silica (SiO:J ••.••.•••••••••••.•..••••• 11 14 14 

Iron (Fe) .............................. .01 3.5 . 28 

Manganese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calciu'M (Ca) · · · · · · · ·· ··•· · ........... 8.4 28 68 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••..•••••••••••••• 1.7 4.5 4.1 

Sodium (Na) •••••..••••..•.•••••••••••• 29 53 131 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 4.0 6.8 8.7 

Caroonate (COs) •••••••••••••• o•··· •• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ o •••••••••••••••• 94 93 110 

SuHate (SO,.). ••••• o ••••••• o .............. 8.3 61 176 

Chloride (Cl) .••• 0, ••••••••••••••••••• 6.0 50 148 

Fluor ide ( P') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .4 1.0 .0 

Nitrate (NOs) .••••••••• o••oo•o•. o o o o 00 .0 . 2 .0 

Dissolved solids 0 o. o. 0 •••••••••••••• 115 276 610 

Hardness as CaC03 • 

Total ................................ 28 f 8 186 

Noncaroonate ••••••.••••••••••••.•• 0 2 96 

Color ................................... -- -- -- pH ....•..•.......••.••.....••......•.•••. 8.1 7.2 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C .. ) •••.••••••• 187 482 1,050 

~rbidity ............................. -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• o •••• -- 79 78 

Date of collection ••••• o. o •••••••••• 0 Aug. 3, 1943 July 27, .. 943 Sept. 9, 1944 

Depth (feet) ........................... 1,064 1 026 1,036 

Diameter (inches) .................•. 16-8 5/8 13 3/8-6 5~8 -- Date drilled .......................... 1937 9 8 1944 

Percent of supply ...............•... -- -- --

UNIVERSITY PARK 

(Population, 24, 275) 

Ownership: See Highland Park. 

119 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TEXAS 

VICTORIA 

(Population, 16, 126) 

Source: 7 wells (5 to 10, 12), 612, 365, 412, 414, 604, 1, 012, and 751 ft deep, 

within 400 ft of pumping station 1 and near west city limits on Pine Street. 

The yield of the wells is reported to be 402, 500, 731, 430, 603, 1, 000, and 

1, 350 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration (by forced air at plant 1; sprays at plant 2). 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1 reservoir, 1, 000,000 gal; 2 elevated tanks, 300,000 

and 500, 000 gal; 2 ground storage tanks, 300, 000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually to one or the other of two central pumping 

plants (No. 1 plant at the end of West Station Street; No. 2 plant on Pine Street). 

The water at plant No. 1 flows through a sand trap to the aeration chamber before entering the ground storage tank, from which it is pumped into the distribution system. The water at plant No. 2 is aerated before entering the ground 

storage tank, from which it is pumped into the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses , in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well5 Well6 WellS Well1G Finished 

(raw (raw (raw (raw water 

waterJ water) water) water) (city tap) 

Silica (SiC>a) •••••...•....... 21 26 26 23 22 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•..••..... 4.7 3.0 7.9 . 97 . 03 

Manganese (Mn) •••.•••.•• -- -- -- -- .00 

Calcium (Ca) ...•.....•..•. 34 36 36 1S 2S 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 11 11 12 6.9 10 

Sodium (Na) ............... 146 152 134 221 14S 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 7.9 6.4 3.9 6.6 2.0 

C~rbonate (CO,) •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 402 3S6 366 34S 366 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 14 10 3.0 37 2.7 

Chloride (Cl) ••••....•.•••. so 102 93 16S 91 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••. .4 . 6 .6 .6 .3 

Nitrate (NOs) ....•......... .o .o .0 .0 .0 

Dissolved solids .•..••••. 505 527 495 656 4SS 

Hardness as CaC~: 

Total ...•.••••••....•..•... 130 135 140 74 111 

Noncarbonate · ·••• •• •· · · 0 0 0 0 0 

.Color ........................ -- -- -- -- 10 

pH ......••...•..••.•..••••..•. 7.0 7.2 7.4 7. 5 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) S6S 900 S36 1,130 S16 

Turbidity •••••••••••••...••. -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- 74 75 82 -- Date of collection ••... ""'. Apr. 20, Apr. 2, Apr. 20, Apr. 20, Dec. 12, 

1945 1945 1945 1945 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 612 365 414 1,012 

Diameter (inches) ......... 12-l-10 16-S-l tot-s 16-S 5/S 

Date drilled ....•.....•.... 1934 1938 1941 1942 

Percent of supply .•...... -- -- -- --

120 
TEXAS 

WACO 

(Population, 84, 706) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 6, 000 people outside the city limits, and 

Beverly Hills. Total population supplied, about 91,400. Texas Water Co.; 

supplies about 6, 300 of the total population. 

Source: Municipal: Lake Waco, approximately 7! miles northwest of the city on 

the Bosque River; 2 wells (1 and 2), 1, 600 and 1, 540ft deep, at the municipal 

airport used solely for the maintenance of the airport. Texas Water Co. : 2 

wells (1 and 2), 2, 160 and 2, 200ft deep, which pump directly into the distribution system. 

Treatment: Lake water: prechlorination, coagulation with alum, activated carbon 

for odor and taste control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. Well water: chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20,000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1 ground reservoir, 1, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2 ground reservoirs, 6, 000,000 and 5, 000,000 gal; clear 

well, 3, 500, 000 gal; 2 elevated tanks, 750,000 and 250,000 gal. 

The water from Lake Waco flows by gravity, intake at the lake spillway, approximately 5!. miles to the ground reservoir at the treatment plant. · The finished 

water from the treatment plant and clear well is pumped into the distribution 

system and storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Lake Finished Airport Texas· Water 

Waco Waco water well 1 Co. well 1 

(rawwatet1 raw water) rawwate~ (raw water) 

Silica (SiCa) .•.............. 7.6 6.2 4.9 1·6 20 

Iron (Fe) •........•...•..... . 06 .04 . 01 . 05 . 01 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- . 00 . 00 -- . 00 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 70 50 52 2.0 3.2 

Magnesium {.Mg) •••••••••• 11 6.6 6.3 1.3 1.3 

Sodium (Na) .... , .......... 30 15 15 240 248 

Potassium (K) .........•.. .6 -- .4 4.8 2.8 

C~rbonate (COs) .•........ 39 0 0 26 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••.•• 137 164 152 386 432 

Sulfate (804 ) ................ 52 30 41 108 124 

Chloride (Cl) .•..........•. 33 14 15 44 47 

Fluoride (F) ••.•....•...... . 8 . 3 . 2 1.0 1.1 

Nitrate (NO,) .............. 5.9 . 5 .2 1.2 1.0 

Dissolved ·solids ......... 335 225 225 627 664 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .....••..•............ 220 152 156 10 14 

Noncarbonate ...•...•... 42 18 31 0 0 

Color .........•...•..•.•..... -- 10 15 -- 0 

p,II ...............•.....•....•. -- 7.6 7.3 8. 5 8.2 

Specific conductance 

(mir.romhos at .2.5 C. ) -- 367 376 1,000 1,060 

Turbidity .•••.•..•...•...... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- 56 61 94 91 

Date of collection •....... Jan. 8, Feb. 29, Feb. 29, Mar. 31, Feb. 29, 

1943 1952 1952 1949 1952 

Depth (feet) ................... ·-· ...................................... 1,600 2,160 

Diameter (inches) .•.......••...........•.......................•..... 8!-6! 10-7 

Date drilled .......................................................... 1942 1945 

Percent of supply ......•...........................•..•.............. -- --

121 
TEXAS 

WEST UNIVERSITY PLACE 

(Population, 17, 074) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 100 persons outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 17, 200. 

Source: 4 wells (3 to 6), 768, 1, 183, 1, 673, and 2, 026 ft deep. 

Treatment: Chlorination at the wells. 

Raw-water storage: None .. Finished-water storage: Ground storage tanks and elevated tanks, 1, 000,000 gal. 

The wells are pumped individually into separate ground storage tanks. From the 

storage tanks the water is pumped into the distribution system. Overhead 

storage tanks, for pressure equalization, float on the distribution system. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts pe·r million, by u. s. Geological Survey) 

Wel13 Wel14 Well 5· Well6 

(raw (raw (raw (finished 

water) water) water) water) 

Silica rsiOa) •••••••••••••••••.•••• 18 18 -- 20 

Iron (Fe) ........................... .04 .09 -- .08 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- .00 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••• 18 22 10 12 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••.•••• 5.1 6.2 3.3 3.8 Sodi~ (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

~ "98 93 114 { 151 

PotassiUm {K) ••••••••••••••••••• 1.6 

Carbonate (COs) ••.•••••••••••••• 0 0 6 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) ••••••••••••• 265 265 268 326 

Sulfate (804) • • • • • • ................. 9.8 6.0 8 7.7 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•••••••••••••••• 36 41 34 66 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... .4 .4 -- 1.6 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••••••••••••••• .0 .o -- . 2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• 317 324 a307 418 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

66 80 38 46 Total ............................ 

Noncarbonate ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Color ................... ............ -- -- -- 10 

pH .•.......•...•..•.•.•..••..•••..•.• 8.1 8.0 -- 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C •. ) •••••• 547 550 -- 698 

Thrbidity .......................... -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Sept.17, Sept. 16, Jan. 31, Nov. 20, 

1943 1943 1942 1951 

Depth (feet) ...................... 768 1, 183 1, 67~· 2,026 

Diameter (inches) .•.••......... 13i-6~ 16-8-! 20-12i 20-12~ 

Date drilled ..................... 1938 1939 1941 1949 

Percent of supply .••.••.....•... -- -- -- _ ... 

aSum of determined constituents. 

122 
TEXAS 

WICIDTA FALLS 

(Population, 68, 042) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Holliday, and Sheppard Air Force Base. 

·Total population supplied, about 98,000. 

So~rce: Lake Kickapoo, maximum capacity 220, 000 acre-ft, on North Fork Little 

Wichita River, 8. 2 miles south of Mankins and 9. 2 miles northwest of Archer 

City, Archer County. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Lake Wichita on Holiday Creek, 6 miles southwest of Wichita Falls. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with iron salts, softening with lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 21, 000~ 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 45, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2 underground reservoirs, 2, 500,000 gal each; 2 elevated tanks, 1, 000,000 and 500,000 gal. 

The water is pumped from Lake Kickapoo to the treatment plant. The finished 

water from the treatment plant is pumped into the distribution system and 

storage. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Finished Lake 

Kickapoo Wichita 

(raw waterl water (raw water) 

Silica (SiOj •• o o •••••••• o o o o. o •••••••• 4.3 3.6 8.6 

Iron (Fe) .............................. .0 . 0 . 03 

Manganese (Mn) 0 o ••••• o ••••••••• o ••• .00 .00 . 00 

Calcium (Ca) ························· 33 13 120 

Magnesium (Mg). o ••••• o. o •••• o •••••• 11 8.5 36 

Sodium {Na) ........................... 25 } 26 { 304 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• . 8 . 8 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••• o• ••• 0 o ••• 0 8 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••• o •••• o. o •••• 176 77 104 

Sulfate (SO..). •• o •••••••••••• o ........... 8·.4 15 239 

Chloride (Cl) ooooo• ••o••······· ooo••o• 18 21 552 

Fluoride (~ oo o 000 o o •o •••••••• ••o• •• o o . 5 . 6 . 2 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••••• o •••••••••••••••• . 5 . 5 1.5 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••••••••••• 197 141 1, 310 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ................................ 128 67 448 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 362 

Color ................................... 10 10 0 

pH ...•.•.•.. ;II •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.9 9.0 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••• o ••••• 335 244 2,440 

~.J.rbidity ............................. 20 10 -- Temperature (F. ) ••••.•••••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Feb. 20, 1~52 Jan. 11. 1952 Mar. 24. 1952 

GPO 83·40298 

123