Prepared in Cooperation With the North Carolina Geological Survey

Detailed Sections From Auger Holes in the Elizabethtown 

1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle, North Carolina

By Robert E. Weems, William C. Lewis, Joseph H. Murray, David B. Queen, Jeffrey B. Grey, and Benjamin D. 

DeJong

Open-File Report 2011–1115

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 

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Suggested citation:

Weems, R.E., Lewis, W.C., Murray, J.H., Queen, D.B., Grey, J.B., and DeJong, B.D., 2011, Detailed sections from 

auger holes in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale map sheet, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 2011–1115, 286 p.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.

Cover: Southeast shore of White Lake, Bladen County, N.C. This lake, one of five natural lakes in the Elizabethtown 

1:100,000 quadrangle, fills a Carolina bay that formed in dune sands of the Pinehurst Formation. Photograph by 

Robert E. Weems (U.S. Geological Survey).
iii

Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Methods ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Stratigraphy ................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Structural Geology......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

References Cited........................................................................................................................................................... 6

Appendix 1. Locality Descriptions and Detailed Lithologic Logs................................................................................18

Abbotsburg Quadrangle............................................................................................................................................18

Ammon Quadrangle..................................................................................................................................................26

Atkinson Quadrangle ................................................................................................................................................30

Autryville Quadrangle................................................................................................................................................37

Bladenboro Quadrangle............................................................................................................................................43

Bonnetsville Quadrangle...........................................................................................................................................47

Cedar Creek Quadrangle..........................................................................................................................................53

Clinton South Quadrangle.........................................................................................................................................59

Costin Quadrangle ....................................................................................................................................................69

Delway Quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................74

Duart Quadrangle .....................................................................................................................................................80

Dublin Quandrangle ..................................................................................................................................................85

Elizabethtown North Quadrangle ..............................................................................................................................92

Elizabethtown South Quadrangle..............................................................................................................................99

Garland Quadrangle ...............................................................................................................................................104

Harrells Quadrangle ................................................................................................................................................109

Hope Mills Quadrangle............................................................................................................................................117

Ingold Quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................123

Jerome Quadrangle ................................................................................................................................................130

Northeast Lumberton Quadrangle...........................................................................................................................138

Roseboro Quadrangle.............................................................................................................................................145

Rose Hill Quadrangle..............................................................................................................................................153

Rowan Quadrangle.................................................................................................................................................176

St. Pauls Quadrangle..............................................................................................................................................186

Singletary Lake Quadrangle....................................................................................................................................193

Southeast Lumberton Quadrangle..........................................................................................................................204

Tar Heel Quadrangle ..............................................................................................................................................217

Tomahawk Quadrangle...........................................................................................................................................231

Turkey Quadrangle .................................................................................................................................................239

Wallace West Quadrangle ......................................................................................................................................247

Warsaw South Quadrangle.....................................................................................................................................253

White Lake Quadrangle ..........................................................................................................................................269

Appendix 2. Supplementary Basement Data...........................................................................................................275

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle...277

Appendix 4. Upper Cretaceous Fossil Vertebrate Taxa Reported by Miller (1966, 1967, 1968), Baird and Horner 

(1979), and Robb (1989) From Phoebus Landing in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle.......................284
iv

Figures

1. Map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing names and locations of constituent 

1:24,000-scale topographic maps, county names and boundaries, and auger-hole locations.........................11 

2. Structure-contour map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing the base of the 

Coastal Plain ...................................................................................................................................................12 

3. Generalized geologic map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing faults and the 

subsurface distribution of Duplin Formation and older units beneath the Pliocene to Pleistocene 

terrace units.....................................................................................................................................................13 

4. Structure-contour map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing the base of the 

surficial aquifer ................................................................................................................................................14 

Tables

1. Age and sequence of stratigraphic units penetrated during augering....................................................................15 

2. Nomenclature and maximum elevation for terrace units in map area....................................................................17 
v 

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.)

inch (in.)

foot (ft)

mile (mi)

mile, nautical (nmi)

yard (yd)

centimeter (cm)

millimeter (mm)

meter (m)

kilometer (km)

kilometer (km)

meter (m)

2.54

25.4

0.3048

1.609

1.852

0.9144

0.3937

0.03937

3.281

0.6214

0.5400

1.094

centimeter (cm)

millimeter (mm)

meter (m)

kilometer (km)

kilometer (km)

meter (m)

inch (in.)

inch (in.)

foot (ft) 

mile (mi)

mile, nautical (nmi) 

yard (yd) 

1 

Detailed Sections From Auger Holes in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle, North 

Carolina

By Robert E. Weems, William C. Lewis, Joseph H. Murray, David B. Queen, Jeffrey B. Grey, and Benjamin D. 

DeJong

Introduction

The Elizabethtown 1:100,000 quadrangle is in the west-central part of the Coastal Plain of 

southeastern North Carolina (fig. 1). The Coastal Plain, in this region, consists mostly of unlithified 

sediments that range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene. These sediments lie with profound 

unconformity on complexly deformed metamorphic and igneous rocks similar to rocks found 

immediately to the west in the Piedmont province. Coastal Plain sediments generally dip gently to 

the southeast or south and reach a maximum thickness of about 850 feet (ft) in the extreme 

southeast part of the map area (fig. 2). The gentle southerly and southeasterly dip is disrupted in 

several areas by faulting. 

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recovered one core and augered 196 research test 

holes in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000 quadrangle to supplement sparse outcrop data in the map 

area. The recovered sediments were studied and data from these sediments recorded to determine 

the lithologic characteristics, spatial distribution, and temporal framework of the represented 

Coastal Plain stratigraphic units. These test holes were critical for accurately determining the 

distribution of major geologic units and the position of unit boundaries on the Elizabethtown

geologic map (Weems and others, 2011); however, because much of the detailed subsurface data 

cannot be shown readily by means of this quadrangle map, detailed descriptions (appendix 1) have 

been collected in this open-file report for geologists, hydrologists, engineers, and community 

planners to provide a detailed shallow-subsurface stratigraphic framework for the Elizabethtown

map region. 

Methods

Surface elevations for each drill site were obtained by hand leveling from a known 

elevation, commonly a bench mark or spot elevation point on the appropriate 7.5-minute 

quadrangle. Lithologic data were gathered at each test site by augering with a truck-mounted, 

Mobile Drill B–40 power auger equipped with 5-ft-long drill stem sections. First one stem was 

augered into the ground and pulled to describe the soil profile. Subsequent runs added one, two, or 

three new stems, depending on depth and the ease of augering. The sample rise on the drill stems 

was kept to a minimum for greater accuracy. 

Auger holes generally targeted the upper few feet of the Upper Cretaceous Cape Fear or Tar 

Heel Formations, except in the far eastern map region where the Upper Cretaceous Bladen 

Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Donoho Creek Formation, or the middle Eocene Castle Hayne 
2 

Limestone marked the deepest lithologic unit that could be readily reached with the B–40. 

Occasionally the drill bit would not penetrate an underlying lithified bed within the Coastal Plain 

section (here termed “refusal”). The nature of this rock unit sometimes could be inferred either by 

small chips on the end of the drill bit or by comparison to nearby outcrops or auger holes. 

Lithologic descriptions were made by using a 10X hand lens, grain-size chart, and color 

charts. Auger sites were plotted on location with 7.5-minute topographic maps. Latitudes and 

longitudes were established either by using published USGS maps (North American Datum of 

1927) or by using hand-held Garmin global positioning system (GPS) units. 

Stratigraphy

A full listing of the stratigraphic names used here, their ages, and their general lithologic 

descriptions are given in table 1. Coastal Plain formational units are bounded by unconformities; 

formations generally start with a relatively coarse basal lag bed and fine upward. Members in 

formations, where present, generally represent distinctive lithologic facies that occur within that 

formation. Surficial stratigraphic units, bounding scarps, and overlying terrace surface names are 

summarized in table 2. Pre-Pliocene unit names mostly conform to those unit names used in this 

region by Owens (1989) and Sohl and Owens (1991). Names and definitions of Pliocene and 

Pleistocene terrace deposits largely follow the usages of Johnson and Berquist (1989) and Mixon 

and others (1989). 

Older Coastal Plain units, mostly encountered in the shallow subsurface or along valley 

walls of deeply incised streams, include the Pleasant Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian 

and Santonian ages; documented in the map area only by Self-Trail, Wrege, and others (2004) from 

the deepest part of the Elizabethtown core), the updip and onshore lateral equivalent Cape Fear 

Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian and Santonian ages), the Tar Heel Formation (Late 

Cretaceous, Campanian age), the Bladen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian age), the Donoho 

Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian age), the Castle Hayne Limestone (middle Eocene), 

and the Duplin Formation (late middle to late Pliocene). The subsurface distribution of these units 

is shown in figure 3. 

The Cape Fear Formation was named for cross-bedded feldspathic sands that crop out in the 

northwestern map area along the lower Rockfish Creek. This unit appears to have been formed by 

anastomosing braided streams, which spread sand widely across the map area. In the eastern area,

these deposits overlie and also seemingly intertongue with marine deposits of the age-equivalent 

Pleasant Creek Formation (Self-Trail, Prowell, and Christopher, 2004; Self-Trail, Wrege, and 

others, 2004). 

The interbedded sands and clays of the overlying Tar Heel Formation, named for outcrops 

north of the community of Tar Heel along the Cape Fear River (Sohl and Owens, 1991), formed in 

marginal marine deltaic environments and contain abundant woody material, local diverse marine 

vertebrate faunas, and occasional remains of terrestrial vertebrates including dinosaurs (Miller, 

1966, 1967, 1968; Baird and Horner, 1979; Robb, 1989; Self-Trail, Christopher, and others, 2004). 

Glauconitic sands in the Tar Heel Formation near Lumberton (auger holes SL–1–06 and SL–2–06) 

are probably the source of Late Cretaceous shark teeth reworked into the base of the Pliocene 

Duplin Formation in the Lumberton area (see appendix 3). These shark teeth attest to marine 

environments in the Lumberton area as early as the Campanian, and also attest to a steady

westward expansion of the Coastal Plain marine depositional environment between the Santonian 

and Campanian ages. 
3 

The Bladen Formation overlies the Tar Heel Formation and is widespread across the eastern 

and southeastern map region (fig. 3). The Bladen Formation is well exposed at Walkers Bluff 

(Farrell and others, 2001) and documents another marked westward shift in the Coastal Plain 

depositional environment beyond that represented by the Tar Heel Formation. All deposits 

preserved in this map area represent shallow to mid-shelf marine environments, and the landward 

equivalents have been long since eroded away. The overlying Donoho Creek Formation is very 

similar lithologically to the Bladen Formation, but the Donoho Creek is consistently somewhat 

darker (almost always dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1)). The pattern of distribution (fig. 3) strongly 

suggests an interval of erosion and channeling between the time the Bladen was deposited and the 

time the Donoho Creek was deposited. The contact between the Bladen and the Donoho Creek was 

encountered in three auger holes (RH–6–04, RH–9–04, RH–12–04), where a distinct lag bed marks 

the contact. 

The limited spatial distribution of the Castle Hayne Limestone in the northeastern map area 

(fig. 3) suggests that the preserved deposits occupy a deeply incised paleo-valley system. The 

fabric, lithology, and fauna of the Castle Hayne, however, clearly show that its preserved deposits 

accumulated in a shallow to mid-shelf depositional environment that was far from any significant 

source of detrital sediment. Therefore, the preserved deposits did not form in restricted, estuarine 

environments as their channel-like geometry might suggest. Either fluvial-estuarine deposits, if 

once present, were swept away by submarine erosion, or else these channels were entirely sculpted 

by submarine erosion. This unit must have been continuous over much or all of the map area when 

it was originally deposited and only later was removed from most of the area by regional erosion. 

The Duplin Formation was named from a collapsed sinkhole feature called Natural Well in 

the northeastern map area (fig. 1, locality WS–6–04). This unit is a very shelly sand deposit that 

contains a planktonic foraminiferal assemblage characteristic of Zone PL3 (Dowsett and Wiggs, 

1992; Gradstein and others, 2004); the age of the Duplin is likely between 3.1 and 3.6 million years 

old (mega-annum, or Ma) (latest Zanclean and (or) early Piacenzian). Recent strontium dating of 

shells from outcrops along the Lumber River in the southwestern map area, however, suggests that 

the age of the Duplin there may range from 2.8 to 2.2 Ma (Graybill and others, 2009), which is 

younger than previously assumed. The Duplin generally has been considered to be time-equivalent 

to the upper part of the Yorktown Formation in northern North Carolina and Virginia, and quite 

possibly is equivalent in age to the unit immediately overlying the Rushmere and Morgarts Beach 

Members in the Roanoke Rapids region, called “Ty3” by Weems and Lewis (2007). Like the Castle 

Hayne, the Duplin has a very patchy distribution (fig. 3) but must have been present across all or 

most of the map area. These patchy remnants indicate that the map area, astride a zone of relative 

uplift called the Cape Fear arch, has been intermittently upwarped throughout most of the Cenozoic 

Era; however, the presence of late Pliocene and Quaternary terrace deposits that are not perceptibly 

warped indicates that this uplift has not been active during the last 3 million years.

Most of the surficial stratigraphic units that lie above the Duplin contain very similar facies 

that formed in fluvial, backbarrier, and sometimes barrier, shoreface, and near-shore depositional 

environments. These various units, where not heavily eroded, all fine upward to terrace surfaces 

that have regionally distinctive ranges of elevation. Each of these terrace packages represents an 

interglacial high stand of sea level. Continuous growth of the East Antarctic ice sheet over the past 

2.8 million years (Barrett and others, 1992; Wilson, 1995; Ingólfsson, 2004) has prevented each 

successive terrace sequence from reaching the same elevation that the sequence reached during the 

preceding transgression because of steady net lowering of the world ocean; therefore, successively 

younger terraces form a downward-descending, stairstep sequence of flat-topped terraces separated 
4 

from each other by scarps that range from pronounced to subtle. Although each sequence is 

internally similar to the others, older terraces have progressively deeper and more pronounced 

weathering profiles and show progressively greater erosional degradation. Because each sequence 

becomes more nearly marine seaward (eastward), each unit shows an internal gradational shift 

southeastward toward finer lithologies, but shows an abrupt change from finer to coarser when 

moving from one terrace to the next younger one seaward. All of these criteria have been useful for 

distinguishing one terrace complex from another. Terrace, scarp, and formational usages are

summarized in table 2. 

The oldest terrace unit exposed in the map area consists of poorly sorted, clayey sand that 

occurs beneath a terrace that tops regionally at elevations ranging from 230 ft in the western part of 

its outcrop belt to 195 ft in the eastern part of its outcrop belt. This unit was named the Coharie 

Formation by Stephenson (1912), but since then the name has been restricted to terrace 

nomenclature (Colquoun, 1969). In the southeastern part of the Emporia 1:100,000-scale

quadrangle, a thick estuary fill underlies a portion of this terrace and links it southeastward with 

sediments in the Chowan River area (Weems and others, 2010); therefore, the Coharie terrace unit 

appears to represent coastal and onshore strata that are age equivalent to the lower Pleistocene

(Gelasian) Edenhouse Member of the Chowan River Formation (Blackwelder, 1981; Gibbard and 

others, 2010). This unit is most widespread in the far northwestern map area, but outliers also have 

been recognized and mapped in the central and northeastern area. 

Terrace deposits between the elevations of 185 and 105 ft previously have been lumped 

together to the north in Virginia as the Bacons Castle Formation; however, two distinct units are 

represented in this complex, separated by a scarp at 137 to 147 ft. This scarp has been called the 

“Parler scarp” in South Carolina (Colquhoun, 1965) and the “Mechanicsville scarp” in northern 

South Carolina and southern North Carolina (DuBar and others, 1974). The name “Parler scarp” is 

used in this report. The older terrace deposit above the Parler scarp is designated as the “Varina 

Grove unit,” after the Varina Grove Member of the Bacons Castle Formation as used by Johnson, 

Goodwin, and others (1987). The relative position of the Varina Grove unit in the regional 

stratigraphic system suggests that this unit may be the updip and nearshore to onshore equivalent of 

the Colerain Beach Member of the Chowan River Formation (Blackwelder, 1981). 

The younger parts of what has been called the Bacons Castle Formation in Virginia are here 

assigned to the Waccamaw Formation and designated as the “Bahramsville unit” and the 

“Moorings unit” after the Bahramsville Member and the Moorings Member of the Bacons Castle 

Formation as used by Johnson, Goodwin, and others (1987) and Johnson, Ward and Peebles (1987). 

At Walkers Bluff in the southern part of the map southeast of Elizabethtown on the Cape Fear 

River, a shallow-shelf marine deposit is present that has been biostratigraphically dated as early 

Pleistocene (Newton and others, 1978; Graybill and others, 2009). This marine unit yields 

strontium ages (W. Burleigh Harris, University of North Carolina–Wilmington, oral commun., 

2009; Badyrka and others, 2010) that are virtually identical to those ages from the type area of the 

Waccamaw Formation along the Waccamaw River (Dall, 1892; Blackwelder and Ward, 1979); 

therefore, this unit is assigned to the Waccamaw along with the conformably overlying 

Bahramsville and Moorings units. To avoid confusion, the shelly marine facies of the Waccamaw is 

here called the James City Member, after the James City Formation of DuBar and Solliday (1963), 

which is age equivalent to the marine beds of the Waccamaw Formation (Blackwelder, 1981). The 

marine beds have been traced in auger holes westward as far as Abbottsburg and Dublin, almost to 

the toe of the westernmost barrier ridge of the Moorings unit. Local rapid infilling of the coastal 

region during the Waccamaw transgression probably allowed successive barrier ridges to form 
5 

seaward of each other, burying these shallow-shelf marine sediments beneath successive, slightly 

younger and more seaward barriers. In other areas where multiple barrier ridges did not develop, 

age-equivalent shallow-shelf deposits were not preserved. 

Similar lagoonal deposits closer to shore are associated with the next younger Windsor 

Formation near Rose Hill and Costin. These deposits are somewhat younger than the Waccamaw 

Formation but still early Pleistocene in age. In the past, the shelly parts of the Windsor often have 

been lumped together with the Waccamaw Formation. All younger Pleistocene units in the map 

area (the Charles City, Chuckatuck, Shirley, and Tabb Formations) represent nonmarine (fluvial to 

estuarine) marsh depositional environments. Their estuarine to marine facies are found only to the 

east and south of the map area.

Extensive sheets of dune sand (referred to the Pinehurst Formation in Weems and others, 

2011) are present across all but the southeastern part of the map area and have been mapped as a 

separate unit distinct from the terrace deposits. Many have weak or no soil profile development and 

locally are often called “sugar sands” because they have only incipient soil profiles developed on 

them. Local deposits of this sort occur over a wide area in the Carolina and Georgia Coastal Plains 

(Markewich and Markewich, 1994) but are exceptionally thick and widespread in the 

Elizabethtown region. Two optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from these dune sands in 

the map region indicate that they range in age at least from 8,575 ± 1,420 to 13,000 ± 930 years 

before present (B.P.) (one standard deviation (s.d.)) (Shannon A. Mahan, U.S. Geological Survey, 

written commun., 2005 and 2006, concerning localities HA–6–04 and AU–5–05, respectively). 

Radiocarbon ages from wood and peat samples taken from within these dune sand deposits in the 

map area yield ages ranging from 2,050 ± 40 to greater than 51,800 yrs B.P. (John P. McGeehin, 

U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2005, 2007, and 2008, concerning localities CC–1–07, 

CS–7–08, ES–4–08, HA–5–04, NL–2–06, SL–4–07, SL–6–07, and TO–3–08). These dates are 

consistent with other studies that indicate these dune fields and associated Carolina bays mostly 

formed during the Wisconsin glacial interval (Frey, 1953, 1955; Whitehead, 1964; Markewich and 

Markewich, 1994; Ivester and others, 2004, 2007), though the sands locally were reactivated in 

Holocene time. These deposits are closely associated with the “Carolina bays” (Johnson, 1942; 

Kaczorowski, 1977) that are prominent in this region, and the alignment of the dunes generally 

matches the long axis of the bays. Indeed, although some bays seem to represent wind-created 

deflation features, many seem to have resulted from ellipsoidal dune development that built up the 

bay rims above the terrace surfaces on which they rest. Where bays sit directly on older terrace 

surfaces that have thick, clay-rich weathering profiles, the underlying clayey soils block downward 

water percolation and tend to allow the bays to become swamps or lakes. Where bays resulted from 

wind-driven excavation and deflation, and the underlying materials consist of fairly fresh and 

unweathered sands, bays tend to be well drained through subsurface flow and do not contain 

swamps or lakes. The dune fields and bays appear to have formed through the action of persistent 

strong winds that blew from northwest to southeast during the Wisconsin glacial interval. These 

winds paralleled the edge of the great ice sheet that then covered northern North America and thus 

are probably eastward extensions of the wind patterns that formed the extensive wind-blown loess 

deposits of the central United States and the Sand Hills of Nebraska (Zanner and Kuzila, 2001). 

In the Cape Fear River valley, alluvium occurs beneath two distinctly different terrace 

surfaces that have been mapped separately. A similar stratigraphy has been documented in the 

Roanoke River Valley (Weems and Lewis, 2007), and a sample from the basal sands beneath the 

higher (older) terrace deposit in the Roanoke River valley yielded a quartz blue-light OSL age of 

17,200 ± 780 years B.P. (one s.d.). This age indicates that this unit in the Roanoke River valley is 
6 

no older than late Wisconsinan. The comparable terrace along the Cape Fear River also appears to 

represent a late Wisconsinan braided-river regime of the Cape Fear River that preceded a later postWisconsinan meandering-river regime (Leigh and others, 2004). 

Structural Geology

Four faults (fig. 2) have been recognized in the Elizabethtown map area from anomalies in 

the Coastal Plain basement structure-contour map. These faults are the Clinton fault, the South 

River fault, the Turnbull fault, and the Cape Fear fault. A fifth structural feature, which marks the 

toe of a line of stream-gradient anomalies across the map area, appears to be a south-trending 

subsurface extension of the Tidewater Fall Line of Weems (1998). The Turnbull fault seems to 

deflect the course of the Cape Fear River to the south and also aligns with a remarkably straight 

region along Turnbull Creek. The South River also is remarkably linear along the trace of South 

River fault, and the zone of gradient anomalies has an obvious effect on most of the major stream 

gradients that cross the fault. No obvious surficial expression of the Clinton fault or the Cape Fear 

fault was observed within the map area.

Hydrogeology

In the map region, the surficial aquifer generally lies at the base of the surficial terrace unit. 

The surficial aquifer is the main stream recharge unit throughout the map area, and this aquifer is 

quite vulnerable to the introduction of surface pollutants. The geometry of the base of this aquifer is 

shown in figure 4. Deeper wells in the area generally tap aquifer horizons in the Cape Fear or Tar 

Heel Formations. These aquifers also are frequently tapped to the southeast as far as Wilmington, 

N.C., and overdrawing water from these aquifers could result in saltwater intrusion in the coastal 

regions to the southeast. 

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Lucy E. Edwards and Jean M. Self-Trail of the USGS for 

their thorough review of this manuscript. We also are grateful to Jean M. Self-Trail (USGS) for her 

numerous nannofossil identifications, which greatly helped in sorting out the very similar facies of 

the Bladen Formation, Donoho Creek Formation, and Castle Hayne Limestone in the eastern map 

area, and to Lucy E. Edwards for making dinoflagellate identifications from auger hole TH–1–06 

that greatly helped in constraining the age of the basal unit in that hole. Finally, we thank Shannon 

A. Mahan (USGS) and John P. McGeehin (USGS) for providing very helpful OSL and carbon-14 

dates on samples from various late Pleistocene units in the map area. 

References Cited

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strontium isotopic age analysis of the Waccamaw Formation, Waccamaw River and Intracoastal 

Waterway, Horry County, South Carolina [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 42, no. 1, p. 187. 

Baird, D., and Horner, J.R., 1979, Cretaceous dinosaurs of North Carolina: Brimleyana, v. 2, p. 1–

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7 

Barrett, P.J., Adams, C.J., McIntosh, W.C., Swisher, C.C., and Wilson, G.S., 1992, 

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morphology, south flank of the Cape Fear Arch, North and South Carolina, in Oaks, R.Q., Jr., 

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Logan, Utah, Utah State University Press, p. 139–173. 

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11

Figure 1. Map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing names and locations of constituent 1:24,000-scale topographic maps, 

county names and boundaries, and auger-hole locations (small black circles). Base from U.S. Geological Survey State Map Index, 2001.
12

Figure 2. Structure-contour map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing the base of the Coastal Plain. Structure contours

(short-dashed lines) are in feet below sea level. Faults shown by long-dashed bold lines; U, upthrown block; D, downthrown block. Basement control 

points are shown by black triangles; values shown are in feet below sea level. The toe of gradient anomalies line (shown by the bold long- and shortdashed line) indicates the downstream end of a series of steepened stream gradients that are interpreted to mark the trace of a reactivated

basement fault that moved up on its western side recently enough to prevent the intersected stream gradients from re-equilibrating. Base from U.S. 

Geological Survey State Map Index, 2001.
13

Figure 3. Generalized geologic map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing faults and the subsurface distribution of Duplin 

Formation and older units beneath the Pliocene to Pleistocene terrace units. Subsurface control points (black circles) are described in “Locality 

Descriptions and Detailed Lithologic Logs.” Base from U.S. Geological Survey State Map Index, 2001.
14

Figure 4. Structure-contour map of the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-scale quadrangle showing the base of the surficial aquifer. Subsurface control 

points are shown by black circles; values shown are elevations (in feet) above or below sea level. Base from U.S. Geological Survey State Map 

Index, 2001.
15

Table 1. Age and relative position of stratigraphic units in map area. 

Unit Lithology Age

Artificial fill

Peaty marsh deposits

Alluvium

Older alluvium

Dune sand

1 Tabb Formation

Shirley Formation

Chuckatuck Formation

Charles City Formation

Windsor Formation

Waccamaw Formation,

Moorings unit

Waccamaw Formation,

Bahramsville unit

Waccamaw Formation,

James City Member

Varina Grove unit

Chowan River Formation, 

Coharie Member

Duplin Formation

Castle Hayne Limestone

Donoho Creek Formation

Bladen Formation

Materials variable

Peat and muck

Fine to coarse quartz sand, silty or clayey,

pebbly

Fine to coarse quartz sand, silty or clayey,

gravelly

Fine to medium quartz sand, well-sorted,

clean

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

clayey

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

clayey

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

clayey

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

clayey

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

locally gravelly

Fine to medium quartz sand, well-sorted

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

muddy, gravelly

Fine to coarse quartz sand, well- to poorly 

sorted, muddy, shelly

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted,

muddy, gravelly

Fine to coarse quartz sand, poorly sorted, 

clayey, silty

Fine to medium quartz sand; mollusk 

shells often abundant

Fine to medium silty calcite-quartz sand, 

well-sorted

Fine to medium silty calcareous quartz 

sand, glauconitic, locally shelly; contains 

scattered round quartz granules

Fine to coarse silty calcareous quartz sand, 

locally shelly, poorly sorted, glauconitic

Holocene.

Holocene and Pleistocene(?).

Holocene and Pleistocene(?).

Holocene(?) and Pleistocene.

Holocene(?) and Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pleistocene.

Pliocene.

Middle Eocene.

Upper Cretaceous.

Upper Cretaceous.
16

Table 1. Age and relative position of stratigraphic units in map area.—Continued

Unit Lithology Age

Tar Heel Formation

Cape Fear Formation

1 Pleasant Creek Formation

Fine to coarse quartz sand, silty and 

clayey, pyritic, lignitic, dense; interbedded 

with dense clays

Fine to coarse feldspathic quartz sand, silty 

and clayey, dense, varicolored

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, 

varicolored; interbedded with fine to 

medium quartz sand and dense, 

varicolored clays

Upper Cretaceous.

Upper Cretaceous.

Upper Cretaceous.

1

Within map area, but not augered
17

Table 2. Nomenclature and maximum elevation for terrace units used in map area. 

Map unit names

Equivalent unit names in 

southern North Carolina 

(and South Carolina)

Overlying surface

(Virginia names)

Overlying 

(Carolina 

surface

names)

Maximum elevation

(feet) Intervening scarp

Chowan River 

Formation

Varina Grove unit

Waccamaw 

Formation 

Windsor Formation

Charles City 

Formation

Chuckatuck 

Formation

Shirley Formation

Tabb Formation

Canepatch Formation, 

(Ladson Formation)

Flanner Beach Formation, 

(Ten Mile Hill beds)

Socastee Formation 

(Wando Formation) 

Ashland Plain1

1 Essex Plain

Norge Uplands

Lackey Plain

Grove Plain

Grafton Plain

Huntington Flat

Todds Flat

Coharie terrace

Sunderland terrace

Okefenokee terrace

Wicomico terrace

Penholoway terrace

Upper Talbot terrace

Lower Talbot terrace

Pamlico terrace

Princess Anne terrace

Silver Bluff terrace

235

182

137

105

80

62

49

26

17

7

Broad Rock scarp.

Parler scarp.

Surry scarp.

Ruthville scarp.

Lee Hall scarp.

Kings Mill scarp.

Suffolk scarp.

1

Name introduced in Weems and Lewis (2007)
18

Appendix 1. Locality Descriptions and Detailed Lithologic Logs

(Sands are quartz sands unless otherwise indicated.) 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Abbotsburg Quadrangle

AB–1–07: 5.9 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.15 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in northwestern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6027°N., longitude 78.7287°W.). Surface elevation 115 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Fill material....................................................................................................................................................... 0–0.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) with

dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) mottles, grading down to 

yellowish gray (5Y 6/2)..................................................................................................................................... 0.5–2 

Sand, fine, slightly silty; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) with 

dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) streaks ...................................................................................................... 2–2.5

Sand, dominantly fine (but can be very fine to medium), silty, clayey; 

grayish-brown (5YR 4/2) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles.......................................................................... 2.5–6 

Sand, poorly sorted, fine to very coarse, granular, slightly silty; 

grayish brown (5YR 4/2) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles grading 

down around 8 ft to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 6–11

Sand, very fine to fine, well-sorted, pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 9/1); 

bottom 4 inches (in.) dark orange (10YR 8/6).................................................................................................. 11–13

Sand, very fine, clayey; grades down to very fine to fine, silty, 

slightly clayey, soft; olive gray (5Y 4/1).......................................................................................................... 13–23

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, soft; sparse 

fine mica; olive gray (5Y 4/1) .......................................................................................................................... 23–25

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, fine, light-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); very abundant 

aragonitic shell hash; lower contact somewhat gradational ............................................................................. 25–33

Sand; very fine to fine, light-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); coarsens downward 

to fine to medium; abundant calcite silt and aragonite shells; rounded 

phosphate pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter abundant near base........................................................................ 33–42
19

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, dense, medium brownish gray 

(5YR 5/1); grades down to very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

dense, finely micaceous sand that is dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) with 

pale-greenish-gray (5GY 7/1) mottles.............................................................................................................. 42–46

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +90 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City member: +73 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
20

AB–2–07: 6.2 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.6 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in southwestern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.5232°N., longitude 78.7330°W.). Surface elevation about 110 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Fill, silty, fine sand............................................................................................................................................... 0–2 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; grayish brown (10YR 4/2) grading down 

through yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6 to 10YR 7/6) ........................................................................................................................................ 2–7 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, grayish-yellow (5Y 7/4) ........................................................................................ 7–9 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

slightly sticky..................................................................................................................................................... 9–12

Sand; very fine grading down rapidly to fine to medium; 

light gray (N 7)................................................................................................................................................. 12–13 

Clay, silty, dense, stiff; medium gray (N 5) grading down through grayish 

brown (5YR 4/2) with greenish-gray (5GY 6/1) mottles (16–17 ft) and 

medium gray (N 5) (17 to 19 ft) then back to grayish brown (5YR 4/2) .......................................................... 13–21

Clay, dense, sticky, slightly greasy; scattered medium to coarse, 

subrounded quartz grains increasingly abundant downward; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) grading down through dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) 

with dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1) mottles (24–26 ft) to all dark 

greenish gray (5G 4/1) ..................................................................................................................................... 21–31

Silt, very clayey, sticky, greasy; sparse very fine mica; light 

olive gray (5Y 5/2); fragment of olive-brown (5Y 3/4) wood........................................................................... 31–41

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, olive-brown (5Y 3/4).............................................................................. 41–42

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Coquina; mostly fragments of oyster shell in matrix of silty and clayey 

fine sand; medium dark gray (N 4) .................................................................................................................. 42–46

Sand, fine to medium, olive-gray (5Y 3/2); sparse shells and 

fragments of dark-reddish-brown (10R 3/4) wood........................................................................................... 46–53

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); 

abundant dark-reddish-brown (10R 3/4) lignite fragments.............................................................................. 53–54

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse in basal 

foot; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); rounded clasts of 

dark-reddish-brown (10R 3/4) lignite up to 2 cm in diameter.......................................................................... 54–57
21

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, lignitic; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) 

grading down to olive gray (5Y 4/1) ................................................................................................................ 57–61

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +68 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +53 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
22

AB–3–07: 1.5 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.4 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in southeastern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.5204°N., longitude 78.6503°W.). Surface elevation about 100 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey; grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) 

grading down through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) to 

medium brown (5Y 4/6) ....................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Silt, very clayey, medium-brown (5Y 4/6)........................................................................................................... 1–3 

Clay, dense, silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) grading down (at 11 ft) 

to yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) with pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2) mottles

and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); lower contact gradational..................................................................... 3–14 

Clay, greasy, silty, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); softer than interval above; 

scattered laminae of very fine sand; lower contact gradational ....................................................................... 14–23

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dark-gray (N 3) .................................................................................................. 23–25

Sand, fine to medium, silty; grades down to fine to coarse, poorly

sorted, silty and clayey; light gray (N 7) grading down to medium dark 

gray (N 4); abundant mollusk shells and black, subrounded 

phosphate pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter ....................................................................................................... 25–27 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, massive, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); pervasive 

burrows filled with very light gray (N 8), very fine sand................................................................................. 27–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +77 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +73 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
23

AB–4–07: 1.95 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.55 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in northeastern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6092°N., longitude 78.6587°W.). Surface elevation about 122 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Fill material.......................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine with scattered medium grains, silty, slightly 

clayey; grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading down through light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) (2–3 ft) and dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) (3–4 ft) to pale brown (5YR 5/2)........................................................................................................ 1–7 

Sand; very fine to medium, dominantly fine; moderately well 

sorted; silty; pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) grading down through 

light olive gray (5Y 5/2) (8–10 ft) to dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................... 7–18

 

Silt, very clayey, greasy; massive texture; medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1).................................................................................................................................................. 18–29

Silt, very clayey; scattered fine to medium quartz grains 

and wood chips; grayish green (5G 5/2); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ................................................................................................................................... 29–32.5

Sand, fine to medium; scattered subrounded quartz granules; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)................................................................................................................................. 32.5–33

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, very stiff, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); wood chips 

and occasional thin laminae of very fine to fine sand ...................................................................................... 33–36

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +89 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
24

AB–5–07: 3.35 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.05 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.5636°N., longitude 78.6862°W.). Surface elevation about 130 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine, silty and clayey; medium grayish brown (5YR 4/2) 

grading down through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) (4–8 in.) 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................................................................... 1–2 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6)....................................................... 2–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) with sparse 

light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles.............................................................................................................................. 3–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4); 

abundant very fine mica..................................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; abundant very fine mica; pale red 

(10R 6/2) grading down through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

intermingled with white (N 9) to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)................................................................ 11–13

Sand, fine, humic; dusky brown (5YR 2/2) grading down to pale 

brown (5YR 5.5/2); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................ 13–19

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clean, medium-brown (5Y 4/6) ................................................................ 19–21 

Sand, fine to very coarse, poorly sorted, clean; medium brown 

(5Y 4/6) grading down through medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) 

(22–24 ft) to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4); lower contact gradational ........................................................ 21–29

Sand, very fine to fine, clean; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) with 

streaks of pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) and yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) in basal 2 ft .................................................................................................................................... 29–40

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6) mottles .............................................................................................. 40–41

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subrounded, silty; grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) grading to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

at 43 ft with reddish-brown (10R 5/6), and pale-yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/2) streaks ................................................................................................................................................ 41–46

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted; sparse quartz granules; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................ 46–52

Sand, fine, well-sorted; slightly silty but fairly clean; dark gray (N 3)............................................................ 52–58

Silt, very clayey, medium-gray (N 5); 1-cm-diameter, sand-filled 

burrows below 62 ft; lower contact somewhat gradational.............................................................................. 58–66

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, medium-gray (N 5); contains 

lignite clasts of Tar Heel Formation reworked from unit below ..................................................................... 66–73
25

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, massive, very dense, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

abundant dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) lignite ......................................................................................................... 73–76

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +90 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
26

Ammon Quadrangle

AM–1–05: 0.39 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.81 mi north of southern quadrangle 

border, in east-central 1/9th of map area, along road into Smith Bay, 0.3 mi from end of road 

(latitude 34.8040°N., longitude 78.5067°W.). Surface elevation 97 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, clean, pale-orange (10YR 7/2) ......................................................................................................... 0–0.5

Sand, fine to medium, very humic, brownish-black (10YR 2/1) ....................................................................... 0.5–3 

Sand, fine to medium, less humic than interval above; dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/2)................................................................................................................................................. 3–4 

Sand, fine to medium, more humic than interval above; yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/1)................................................................................................................................................. 4–6 

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very coarse; 

subrounded; slightly humic; yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) grading down 

through light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) to pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2); lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................... 6–23 

Sand, fine, silty, woody, light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2)........................................................................................... 23–24 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey; denser than interval above; pale olive gray 

(5Y 7/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 24–26

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, micaceous, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); very 

dense and sticky ............................................................................................................................................... 26–29

Sand, very fine to fine, very micaceous, very lignitic, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1).................................................................................................................................................. 29–35

Silt, very clayey, micaceous, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); very 

dense and sticky ............................................................................................................................................... 35–36

 

Base of Windsor Formation: +71 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
27

AM–2–05: 3.50 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.78 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along northern

side of road north of Charlie Long Millpond, 0.75 mi east of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1505 in southcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7758°N., longitude 78.5614°W.). Surface elevation 93 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand; fine with sparse medium grains; soft; grayish yellow (5Y 7/4).................................................................. 0–1 

Sand; fine with sparse medium grains; silty; stiff; dusky yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 1–2 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6);

much softer than interval above ........................................................................................................................... 2–6 

Sand, fine to medium, thixotropic, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................. 6–10 

Sand, medium to coarse, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6), soft,

thixotropic; lower contact gradational.............................................................................................................. 10–17 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to subrounded; 

abundant subangular to subrounded quartz granules in basal foot; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6); soft and thixotropic........................................................................................... 17–22 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), stiff, micaceous, dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 4/1); thin stringers or burrows of very fine, clean sand .......................................................................... 22–31 

Base of Windsor Formation: +71 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
28

AM–3–05: 6.38 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.82 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along eastern side 

of North Carolina State Road 1331, 0.05 mi south of power line crossing in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.8203°N., longitude 78.6119°W.). Surface elevation 95 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand; fine with sparse medium grains; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) over pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4); soft.......................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) grading down to dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6)........................................................................ 1–5 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, stiffer than interval above; pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) with reddish-orange (10R 7/8) mottles................................................................................................... 5–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular to subrounded, silty; pale

brown (5YR 6/6) grading down to dark yellowish orange

(10YR 6/6); tough drilling .................................................................................................................................. 6–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey; dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) with darkyellowish-brown (10YR 4/2) mottles; weathered zone on unit below.............................................................. 11–13 

Silt, dense; scattered very fine sand-filled burrows; dusky 

greenish gray (5GY 3/1) .................................................................................................................................. 13–26

Base of Windsor Formation: +84 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
29

AM–4–05: 6.38 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.82 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along western side 

of North Carolina State Road 242, 1.5 mi southwest of intersection with North Carolina State Road 210 in north-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8500°N., longitude 78.5590°W.). Surface elevation about 112 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium; pale orange (10YR 7/2) over dark reddish 

brown (5YR 3/4) with dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) streaks...................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; increasingly humic downward; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) (2 to 4 ft) to brownish black (5YR 2/1).............................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; very humic and humate cemented; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading rapidly at 9 ft to 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2).................................................................................................................... 6–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ............................................................. 11–18 

Sand, medium to very coarse, yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) ................................................................................... 18–28

Silt, sandy (very fine to fine), yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1).................................................................................... 28–29

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to very coarse; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/1); rounded lignite lumps in basal 2 ft ........................................................................... 29–48

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, micaceous, lignitic, dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); 

interbedded with very fine, clean, micaceous, lignitic, darkgrayish-green (5G 4/2) sand............................................................................................................................. 48–51

Base of dune sand: +101 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +64 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation 
30

Atkinson Quadrangle

AT–1–04: 5.55 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.72 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft northwest of 

102-ft spot elevation at intersection of dirt roads in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5252°N., longitude 

78.2213°W.). Surface elevation 102 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to coarse but dominantly medium, poorly sorted, mostly 

subangular, clean; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) grading down through 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................ 0–2 

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; poorly sorted; mostly 

subangular; clean; grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down through dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) (2.5–3.5 ft) to pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 2–4 

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; poorly sorted; mostly 

subangular; clean; dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2); thixotropic................................................................... 4–17 

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; poorly sorted; 

occasional lenses of fine sand cemented by humate; 

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4); wood clast near base ....................................................................................... 17–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand; mostly fine with some medium; silty and slightly clayey; 

medium brown (5YR 4/6) grading to light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) at 29 ft................................................................................................................................. 28–35

Silt, clayey to very clayey, sandy (very fine), finely micaceous, 

light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1); much stiffer than interval above; lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 35–44

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty and moderately clayey, stiff, lightolive-gray (5Y 6/1); lower contact somewhat gradational............................................................................. 44–46.5 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty and clayey, stiff, grayishyellowish-green (10GY 6/2); sparse subangular to 

subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter.................................................................................... 46.5–47.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, very clayey, stiff and dense; sparse very fine sand grains; 

woody; dark grayish green (5GY 4/2); becomes sandier 

downward; lower contact somewhat gradational .......................................................................................... 47.5–53

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; silty; 

medium gray (N 5); quartz pebbles and a few clayballs up to 

1 cm in diameter at base................................................................................................................................... 53–62
31

Sand; fine to medium grading to coarse to very coarse; medium

gray (N 5); abundant subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; 

some clayballs.................................................................................................................................................. 62–69

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dark-olive-gray (5Y 2/2) ......................................................................... 69–76 

Base of dune sand: +74 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +54.5 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +33 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
32

AT–2–04: 1.93 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.82 mi north of southern quadrangle border, beside dirt road 

0.15 mi south of the letter “D” in the word “RAILROAD” (see label on quadrangle map) in southeastern 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.5124°N., longitude 78.1581°W.). Surface elevation 55 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................. 0–1 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, stiff, dense, slightly sticky; medium brown 

(5YR 5/6) with light-yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles below 

3 ft that increase in abundance downward ........................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, angular to subangular, granular, clayey and 

silty; medium brown (5YR 5/6) with light-yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles........................................................ 6–8 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subangular to subrounded, pebbly, 

slightly silty, soft, light-brown (5YR 6/4)........................................................................................................... 8–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, clayey, greasy, massive, sandy (very fine), dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 4/1); becomes sandier downward ........................................................................................................... 11–17

Sand, fine to very fine, silty, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1);

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter and wood fragments............................................................................ 17–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); sparse quartz 

pebbles and dense clayballs at base ................................................................................................................. 18–23

Dense interval, very slow drilling, no recovery ............................................................................................... 23–24

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, dark-grayish-olive (10Y 3/2); more 

dense and harder drilling than in sand above ................................................................................................... 24–36

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +44 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +37 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
33

AT–3–04: 3.07 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.51 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at beginning of dirt 

road 0.7 mi north-northeast of Woodcock Cemetery in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5513°N., longitude 

78.1782°W.). Surface elevation 68 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) 

grading downward to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with 

light-yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles .................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); light yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) (6–7 ft) 

grading down to light olive gray (5Y 6/1)............................................................................................................ 6–8 

Sand; mostly fine grading down to fine to medium; angular to 

subangular; silty and clayey; medium dark gray (N 4) grading 

down to dark greenish gray (5G 4/1); lower contact gradational....................................................................... 8–21 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, very porous and 

permeable, olive-gray (5Y 4/2); subrounded 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter in basal foot ......................................................................................... 21–26

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, well-sorted, silty and slightly clayey, 

olive-gray (5Y 3/2); scattered rounded quartz granules; 

includes parts of two adjacent fining-upward cycles that 

break at 33 ft .................................................................................................................................................... 26–36

Base of Charles City Formation: +42 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
34

AT–4–04: 5.41 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.01 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at southwestern

corner of field 0.3 mi north-northeast of Cypress Lake in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6018°N.,

longitude 78.2193°W.). Surface elevation 85 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium at base; well-sorted; 

silty; pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2) grading down through dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) to dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) ............................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; grayish yellow (5Y 5/4) grading down to dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) ................................................................................................................................ 1–3 

Sand, fine, silty, humic, dusky-brown (10YR 2/2) ............................................................................................... 3–5 

Sand, fine to medium; medium fraction angular; dark reddish 

brown (5YR 3/4) grading down to dusky brown (10YR 2/2)................................................................................ 5–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand; fine grading down to very fine; silty and clayey; dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4); much denser and stiffer than unit above, 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................. 8–13

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), pale-olive-gray (5Y 6/2);

dense and stiff; lower contact gradational........................................................................................................ 13–19

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey, pale-olive-gray (5Y 6/2); 

softer than interval above; sparse pebbles and wood chips 

near basal contact............................................................................................................................................. 19–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dense and stiff, dark-greenishgray (5G 4/1).................................................................................................................................................... 22–26 

Sand; fine to medium grading to medium to coarse near base; 

feldspathic; clean; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1); thixotropic; 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter ............................................................................................................. 26–42
35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine, silty to silty and clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); 

much denser than unit above............................................................................................................................ 42–46 

Base of dune sand: +77 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +63 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +43 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
36

AT–5–04: 1.26 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.49 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.7 mi northwest of 

Marshburn Cemetery in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6088°N., longitude 78.1466°W.). Surface elevation 

66 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/2) grading down through light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ......................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles

and medium reddish brown (10R 4/6) to yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) with yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) mottles............................................................................................. 2–6 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine to medium); light brown (5YR 5/6) 

grading rapidly to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 6–13

Sand, fine to medium, silty and slightly clayey, light-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/4), lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................. 13–16 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, medium-gray (N 5); 

clayey and pebbly in basal foot; subrounded quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter ..................................................................................................................................... 16–20

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) .............................................................................................. 20–26 

Base of Charles City Formation: +46 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
37

Autryville Quadrangle

AU–1–05: 0.96 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.50 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to farm 

road on western side of North Carolina State Road 2030, 1.1 mi south-southeast of Union Hill Church in east-central

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9405°N., longitude 78.6416°W.). Surface elevation 112 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; brownish black 

(5YR 5/1) overlying dark yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)....................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/6) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles; 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................... 3–5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, subangular, medium-gray (N 5) .............................................................................. 5–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; silty; yellowish 

brown (5YR 5/2) grading down through pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) and 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)................................................................................ 6–12 

Sand, fine to medium, very silty and clayey, very-pale-orange (10YR 8/2).................................................. 12–12.5

Sand, medium to very coarse, silty; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

grading to medium gray (N 5) at about 24 ft; subrounded to rounded quartz 

pebbles up to 1.5 cm in diameter at top; pebbles become subangular to 

subrounded downward and increase in diameter to a maximum of 2.5 cm .................................................. 12.5–28

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, micaceous, medium-gray (N 5); 

subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter 

and wood chips (mostly concentrated at base) ................................................................................................. 28–31

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; silty; slightly clayey; very 

micaceous; very lignitic; sulfurous odor; medium greenish gray (5G 5/1); 

a few dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1), clayey silt lenses.................................................................................... 31–46

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +81 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
38

AU–2–05: 3.53 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.58 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road on southwest side of North Carolina State Road 1002, 0.45 mi southeast of St. Marks Church in south-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8980°N., longitude 78.6870°W.). Surface elevation 111 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, clean; brownish black (5YR 2/1) 

overlying pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) overlying 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) ........................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading down through dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) to yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/2) at about 6 ft........................................................................................................................... 2–10 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2).............................................................................. 10–11 

Sand; fine grading down through fine to medium to medium to very 

coarse; quartz pebbles at base; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2).................................................................... 11–29 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, dense, very clayey; sparse lignite and mica; dusky

greenish gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 29–36 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +82 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
39

AU–3–05: 5.64 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.61 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road (not on map) on northwestern side of North Carolina State Road 2024, 1.05 mi northeast of Cedar Creek Lookout 

Tower in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9422°N., longitude 78.7237°W.). Surface elevation 118 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty; dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) 

overlying pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) with darkyellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, stiff; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles grading down to pale 

olive gray (5Y 7/1) ............................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty and clayey, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1)............................................................... 6–7 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; slightly 

silty; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1); subangular quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter toward base ......................................................................................................................................... 7–15

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, dense, very clayey, sparsely lignitic and micaceous, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 15–18

Sand, fine to medium, very micaceous and lignitic, medium- to

light-greenish-gray (5GY 7/1).......................................................................................................................... 18–25

Silt, very clayey, dense, sparsely lignitic and micaceous, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 25–26

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +103 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
40

AU–4–05: 3.91 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.07 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at old home site on 

southeastern side of North Carolina State Road 2022, 1.95 mi west of Christian Light Church in north-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.9776°N., longitude 78.6933°W.). Surface elevation 122 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) over dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; silty 

and clayey; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down through light 

grayish orange (10YR 7/8) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very coarse; 

subangular; slightly silty; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading 

down to pale orange (10YR 8/2)......................................................................................................................... 6–16 

Sand, medium to very coarse, pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4); 

subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1.5 cm in diameter....................................................................................... 16–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey; grades down to 

fine to medium, very silty, very micaceous, lignitic; top 2 

in. light grayish orange (10YR 7/8), dusky greenish gray 

(5GY 3/1) below............................................................................................................................................... 18–24

Sand, fine, well-sorted, very micaceous; light gray (N 7) 

(24–25 ft) grading down to dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1); 

clay lens at 27 ft with lignite fragments........................................................................................................ 24–27.5

Sand, coarse, silty, micaceous, dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1) ................................................................... 27.5–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +104 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
41

AU–5–05: 4.47 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.75 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft northeast of 

North Carolina State Highway 210 on southern rim of Sewell Bay on boundary between north-central and central 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.9776°N., longitude 78.6933°W.). Surface elevation 118 ft. 

Surface outcrop along back edge of small borrow pit adjacent to road. Took sand sample in polyvinylchloride (PVC) 

pipe from bay rim to obtain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age date. Sample yielded a quartz blue-light OSL 

age of 13,000 ± 930 years B.P. (one s.d.) (Shannon A. Mahan, USGS, written commun., 2006). 
42

AU–6–05: 6.51 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.93 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 400 ft south of 

Cedar Creek Lookout Tower in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9776°N., longitude 78.6933°W.). Surface 

elevation about 130 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, soft, clean; dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) 

grading down through light grayish brown (5YR 4/2) (2–6 ft), pale 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) (6–7 ft), medium yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4) (7–8 ft), pale olive brown (5YR 6/6) (8–10 ft), dark olive 

gray (5Y 2/2) (10–13 ft) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) ........................................................................... 0–14

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, brownish-gray (5YR 4/1).......................................................................... 14–14.5

Silt, clayey, sticky, sandy (very fine); yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles below 18 ft ....................................................................... 14.5–25

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, finely micaceous, 

light-greenish-gray (5G 7/1) ............................................................................................................................ 25–26 

Base of dune sand: +116 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit
43

Bladenboro Quadrangle

BB–1–06: 5.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.94 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft east of North 

Carolina State Road 1128, 0.2 mi south of crossing over CSX Railroad just south of Butters, in west-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.5573°N., longitude 78.8481°W.). Surface elevation 113 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Sand-pit fill ........................................................................................................................................................ 0–12 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey; abundant cypress(?)

wood shreds; brownish gray (5YR 4/1)............................................................................................................ 12–15

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular, rather clean; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) grading down at 18 ft to pale 

pinkish gray (5YR 9/1) ..................................................................................................................................... 15–23

Sand, medium to very coarse, angular to subangular, clean, 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................... 23–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation(?)

Silt, sandy (very fine), olive-gray (5Y 3/2) ....................................................................................................... 24–26 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly micaceous, silty, clayey, 

dense, pale-bluish-gray (5B 8/1) ...................................................................................................................... 26–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +89 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation(?): +87 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
44

BB–2–06: 3.48 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.57 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

North Carolina State Road 1177, 0.12 mi north of end of road, south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5082°N.,

longitude 78.8105°W.). Surface elevation 116 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) 

grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) at 1 ft................................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) 

grading to grayish orange pink (10YR 7/2) at 4 ft................................................................................................ 3–6 

Sand; very fine with scattered medium grains grading down to 

fine to very fine at 11 ft; silty; about 1 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy minerals; thixotropic; pale yellowish gray (5Y 9/1) with paleyellowish-orange (10YR 8/6) blotches............................................................................................................... 6–17 

Sand, very fine, silty, medium-gray (N 5)........................................................................................................ 17–19

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), medium-gray (N 5).......................................................................................... 19–20 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, medium-gray (N 5); abrupt contact 

with bed below................................................................................................................................................. 20–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular; grades down to fine 

and slightly micaceous; silty; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) .............................................................................. 23–35 

Sand, medium to very coarse, angular to subangular, clayey and 

silty, dark-gray (N 3); possible basal lag bed ................................................................................................... 35–36

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +93 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Varina Grove unit
45

BB–3–06: 1.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.33 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on sand rim on 

northwestern border of small bay, 400 ft west-southwest of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1117 and 1118, 

east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5630°N., longitude 78.7705°W.). Surface elevation 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit 

Sand, very fine to fine, humic; brownish black (5YR 1/1) 

grading down through dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) to 

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4).............................................................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, very fine to fine, humic; dusky brown (5YR 2/2) 

grading down through medium grayish brown (5YR 4/2)

(3–4 ft) to grayish orange pink (5YR 6/2) ............................................................................................................ 2–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, thixotropic; grayish orange pink 

(5YR 6/2) grading down through pale orange (10YR 7/2) 

(9–20 ft), dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (20–24 ft), 

very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) (24–28 ft), 

and pale olive brown (5Y 6/6) (28–36 ft) to dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)................................................................................................................................................... 6–38 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; olive gray (5Y 4/2)

grading down to olive gray (5Y 4/1) at 40 ft; 

interbedded with clayey, sandy (very fine), mediumgreenish-gray (5G 5/1) silt ............................................................................................................................... 38–52

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very 

coarse; olive gray (5Y 4/1); subangular to angular quartz 

pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter near base; possible basal lag bed................................................................. 52–56

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +104 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville Member
46

BB–4–06: 4.53 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.15 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at southern corner 

of field located 0.32 mi west-northwest of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1101 and 1100, north-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6035°N., longitude 78.8258°W.). Surface elevation 116 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) .................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to angular; dark orange 

(10YR 6/8) grading down through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

(3–4 ft), yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) (4–5 ft), and medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) (5–5.5 ft) to dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) ............................................................ 2–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to angular, soft, dark-reddishbrown (5YR 3/4)................................................................................................................................................... 6–9 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, grayish-orange-pink (5YR 6/2)............................................................................ 9–10

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; grayish orange pink (5YR 6/2) 

with very pale orange (10YR 8/2) mottles........................................................................................................ 10–11

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, subangular to angular; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with a reddish-orange 

(10R 5/6) streak at 14 ft.................................................................................................................................... 11–18

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, soft, subangular to angular, 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................... 18–19

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), medium-greenish-gray (5GY 5/1) ................................................................... 19–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation 

Sand, fine to medium; greenish black (5GY 2/1) grading 

down to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) ....................................................................................................... 24–25

Sand, fine to very coarse, poorly sorted, very clayey and silty, 

stiff, dense; pinkish gray (5YR 7/1) grading down through medium 

gray (N 5) (27–29 ft) to light bluish gray (5B 7/1) and 

bluish gray (5B 6/1); interval includes three complete fining-upward 

cycles, each about 2 ft thick and grading at base from 

medium to very coarse and granular with subrounded granules 

upward to fine at top; coarser fractions feldspathic, finer 

fractions kaolinitic ........................................................................................................................................... 25–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +92 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
47

Bonnetsville Quadrangle

BO–1–05: 1.90 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.63 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southeastern

rim of small bay 0.35 mi southwest of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1234 and 1235 in east-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.9422°N., longitude 78.4083°W.). Surface elevation 152 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)................................................................................................. 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, clayey; much stiffer and 

denser than unit above; scattered coarse grains and 

granules toward base; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading down through light brown (5R 5/6) to reddish brown 

(10R 5/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles................................................................................................. 1–11

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, dusky-yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6); 

lower contact somewhat gradational ............................................................................................................... 11–18

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to coarse to very 

coarse; very pale orange (10YR 8/2) grading down to 

orange pink (10R 7/4); sharp contact with unit below ..................................................................................... 18–25

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff and dense; light orange 

(10YR 7/2) with orange-pink (10R 7/4) mottles............................................................................................... 25–27 

Sand; very fine to fine grading rapidly downward to medium to 

coarse; light orange (10YR 7/2); about 1 percent fine, dark heavy 

minerals; thixotropic and soft ....................................................................................................................... 27–27.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with 

pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) streaks; weathered................................................................................ 27.5–29.5
48

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dusky-greenish-gray 

(5GY 3/1); sparse lignite; thin, very fine sand-filled 

burrows ......................................................................................................................................................... 29.5–31

Base of dune sand: +151 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +127 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +124.5 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
49

BO–2–05: 3.10 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.98 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

North Carolina State Road 1303, 100 yards (yd) south of abandoned home, 0.8 mi southwest of Concord in northcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9765°N., longitude 78.4293°W.). Surface elevation 167 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ............................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, stiff; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down through light brown (5YR 5/6) to 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ........................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, reddish-orange (10YR 5/6)................................................................. 6–12

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine, clayey and silty, stiff and dense; grayish red 

(5R 4/2) grading down through medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1) 

to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) in basal foot ........................................................................................................... 12–17 

Sand; fine grading down through fine to medium and medium to coarse 

to medium to very coarse and granular; silty; yellowish gray

(5Y 8/1) grading down through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

(27–34 ft) and medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) (34–36 ft) to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); clayballs containing lignite lumps

in basal 3 ft....................................................................................................................................................... 17–37

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), micaceous, lignitic, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 37–41 

Base of dune sand: +155 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +130 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
50

BO–3–05: 5.57 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.47 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1240, 0.25 mi east of Andrews Chapel in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.9254°N., longitude 78.4726°W.). Surface elevation 115 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, silty, soft; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading 

down to grayish yellow (5Y 7/4).......................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey; denser than unit above; 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) with light-gray (N 7) and light-brown (5YR 5/6) 

mottles in basal 2 ft .............................................................................................................................................. 1–7 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6); 

subangular to subrounded quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter........................................................................ 7–8 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, pale-yellowish-orange (10YR 8/6) .................................................... 8–11 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to very coarse; 

pale yellow (5Y 8/6); rare, scattered quartz pebbles........................................................................................ 11–21

Gravel, quartz; angular to subrounded pebbles up to 2 cm in 

diameter; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................................................... 21–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey, micaceous, lignitic, 

olive-brown (5Y 3/4)........................................................................................................................................ 24–26

Silt, very clayey, dense and stiff, lignitic, micaceous, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1); iron-oxide tubes (root ghosts?)................................................................................ 26–31

Base of dune sand: +114 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +91 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
51

BO–4–05: 3.29 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.29 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1217 and southern side of cemetery, 0.6 mi north of intersection with North Carolina State 

Road 1214 in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9085°N., longitude 78.4325°W.). Surface elevation 140 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, grayish-orange (10YR 6/4)........................................................................................... 0–0.5

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey and silty, dense and tough; 

pale brown (5YR 6/6) with medium-brown (5YR 4/6), 

medium-red (5R 4/6), and yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1) mottles.............................................................................. 0.5–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to coarse; 

silty; dark orange (10YR 6/8) ............................................................................................................................. 6–11

Sand, medium to very coarse, angular to subangular, silty, 

medium-orange-pink (10R 7/4); abundant subrounded 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter at base.................................................................................................. 11–23 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, slightly silty, thixotropic, pinkish-gray (5YR 8/1).......................................................................... 23–26 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

subangular to subrounded; medium reddish orange (10R 6/6)......................................................................... 26–29 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, weathered; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles............................................................................................. 29–31

Sand, very fine, clayey and silty, micaceous, lignitic, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 31–36 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +117 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +111 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
52

BO–5–08: 6.36 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, on western side of North Carolina State Road 1215 at entrance to 

private road, 0.65 mi southwest of Mintz in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8889°N., longitude 

78.4863°W.). Surface elevation 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft, humic; dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/2) grading down through light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) (1–3 ft) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................................... 0–5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty and slightly clayey; stiffer

than interval above; pale brown (5YR 5/2) grading down to very

pale brown (5YR 6/2) ........................................................................................................................................... 5–8 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very humic, dusky-brown (5YR 2/2)....................................................................... 8–9 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/4) at about 17 ft............................................................................ 9–19

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, stiff, sticky, weathered; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) with light brown (5YR 5/6) streaks; lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 19–20 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), finely micaceous; medium olive 

gray (5Y 5/1) grading down to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1).................................................................................. 20–26 

Base of dune sand: +123 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit
53

Cedar Creek Quadrangle

CC–1–07: 1.70 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.09 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft east of North 

Carolina State Road 2010, 0.03 mi south of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 2010 and 2011 in northeastern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9925°N., longitude 78.7795°°W.). Surface elevation about 142 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Disturbed ground, mottled and swirled sand with quartz 

pebbles at base ..................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium; increasingly more silty and 

carbonaceous downward; very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

grading downward to pale brown (5YR 5/2) ........................................................................................................ 1–5 

Peat, dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) ............................................................................................................................... 5–7 

Sand, fine to medium, feldspathic, humic, thixotropic; 

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) grading down to light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) .............................................................................................................................. 7–11

Peat, dusky-brown (5YR 2/2)* ......................................................................................................................... 11–12

Sand, humic, dominantly fine with medium fraction, 

feldspathic, humic, dark-brown (5YR 2/4) ....................................................................................................... 12–15

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty and slightly clayey, dark-gray (N 3); 

much denser than unit above............................................................................................................................ 15–16 

Silt, clayey; greasy texture; medium yellowish gray (5Y 7/1); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 16–19

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine grading down to very fine to fine), kaolinitic, 

very pale bluish green (5BG 8/2) ..................................................................................................................... 19–26 

Sand, fine to coarse, very clayey and silty, dense and sticky; 

greenish gray (5G 6/1) with light-gray (N 7) mottles; kaolin streaks 

from weathered feldspar grains........................................................................................................................ 26–29 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, soft, silty; quartz 

pebbles toward base; pebbles subangular and up to 4 cm in 

diameter; rare clayballs; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) 

grading down to medium gray (N 5)................................................................................................................ 29–41
54

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member(?)

Sand, fine to medium; dark gray (N 3) grading down to medium 

brownish gray (5YR 5/1); clasts of clayey sand with 

carbonized wood and fragments of aragonitic shells ....................................................................................... 41–51

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, medium-dark-gray (N 4); 

clasts of brown to black, lignitic wood ............................................................................................................ 51–52

Base of dune sand: +127 feet elevation

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +101 feet elevation

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member(?): +91 feet elevation

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Wood fragment at base of peat yielded a radiocarbon age greater than 51,800 B.P. 

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2008). 
55

CC–2–07: 1.72 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.90 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

dirt road near northern side of cemetery, 0.83 mi northeast of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 2228 and 2023 

in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9027°N., longitude 78.7799°W.). Surface elevation about 88 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, soft; medium grayish brown 

(5YR 4/2) grading down to very pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 7/2)................................................................................................................................................. 0–2 

Peat, sandy, dark-brown (5YR 2/4) ................................................................................................................... 2–2.5

Sand, fine to medium, soft; grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) 

grading to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) at 4 ft ......................................................................................... 2.5–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, clayey; much stiffer than unit above; pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 7.5/1) ........................................................................................................................................................... 8–11 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, medium 

yellowish gray (5Y 6/2); lower contact gradational.......................................................................................... 11–15

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

silty; feldspathic; sparse subangular quartz granules; 

medium yellowish gray (5Y 6/2); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 15–25

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; pale 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2); 1–2 percent very fine, 

dark, heavy minerals; thixotropic..................................................................................................................... 25–37

Sand, medium to coarse, feldspathic, garnetiferous, 

medium-gray (N 5); subrounded to rounded quartz 

granules and sparse shell and wood fragments; rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in basal foot............................................................................................................ 37–41

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, dense; occasional lumps of pyrite; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) grading down to very dark gray (N 2.5) ............................................................................ 41–47 

Base of dune sand: +80 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +47 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
56

CC–3–07: 6.30 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.42 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 400 ft east of North 

Carolina State Road 2212, 0.4 mi south-southeast of center of overpass across Interstate 95 in northwestern 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.9683°N., longitude 78.8606°W.). Surface elevation about 164 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, soft; grayish 

brown (5YR 4/2) (3 in. thick) over pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) with dark-yellowish-gray (5Y 6/2) mottles........................................................................................ 1–8 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty; light brown (5YR 5/6) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ................................................................................................... 8–11

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, slightly silty; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)........................................................................................................................ 11–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), very micaceous, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)..................................................... 17–17.5

Sand; dominantly fine with some medium; silty; very 

micaceous; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with 

medium-reddish-brown (10R 4/6) mottles around 

plinthite nodules............................................................................................................................................ 17.5–19

Clay, silty, weathered; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with

medium-yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) streaks.................................................................................................. 19–20

Clay, silty, dense, stiff, dark-gray (N 3); rare blebs 

of black, lignitic wood ..................................................................................................................................... 20–21

Base of Varina Grove unit: +147 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
57

CC–4–07: 3.60 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.90 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

North Carolina State Road 2233, 0.15 mi south of intersection with southern end of North Carolina State Road 2224 in 

central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9318°N., longitude 78.8131°W.). Surface elevation about 80 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, soft, pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4)............................................................................... 0–3 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Older alluvium

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, silty and slightly 

clayey, light-brown (5YR 5/6).............................................................................................................................. 3–4 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty, 

very pale grayish orange (10YR 9/4).................................................................................................................... 4–6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, very pale grayish 

orange (10YR 9/4); abundant pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter............................................................................ 6–12 

Gravel, composed of subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles up 

to 5 cm in diameter; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down 

to medium dark gray (N 4)............................................................................................................................... 12–13 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Cape Fear Formation

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular; clay matrix 

mostly kaolin; dense; light gray (N 7.5) grading down 

to medium light gray (N 6)............................................................................................................................... 13–16 

Base of dune sand: +77 ft above sea level

Base of older alluvium: +67 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation
58

CC–5–07: 5.88 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.70 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft south of 

North Carolina State Road 2261, 300 ft west of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 87 and 2261 in southwestern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8997°N., longitude 78.8530°W.). Surface elevation about 159 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand; dominantly very fine but up to fine; silty; clayey in 

basal 6 in.; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading 

down through pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) (0.5–1.5 ft) to 

light brown (5YR 5/6) ........................................................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey; light brown (5YR 5/6) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) at 4 ft................................................................................... 2–8 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; clean; 

pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/8) grading down through yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) (10–12 ft) to light orange pink (10R 8/4)..................................................................................... 8–12 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty and clayey, 

grayish-orange (10YR 7/4); subrounded to rounded 

quartz granules................................................................................................................................................. 12–13 

Sand, fine to medium, very silty and clayey; pale olive 

gray (5Y 7/1) with medium-red (5R 5/4) mottles; interbedded 

with very fine to fine, silty, grayish-orange(10YR 7/4) sand............................................................................ 13–17

Sand, fine to medium, silty, medium-red (5R 5/4)........................................................................................... 17–21

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, stiff, sticky, medium-dark-gray (N 4); 

occasional lenses of clean, angular, very fine quartz 

sand and pyrite lumps ...................................................................................................................................... 21–31 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +138 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
59

Clinton South Quadrangle

CS–1–05: 0.80 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.64 mi north of southern quadrangle border, by abandoned 

house on farm road 0.9 mi northeast of Bethany Church in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9849°N.,

longitude 78.2639°W.). Surface elevation 150 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, very fine to fine with sparse medium to coarse grains, 

clean; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................................................ 0–3 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine, clayey and silty, dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/6) with brownish-gray (5YR 4/1) mottles grading 

down to medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1) .......................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; medium 

brownish gray (5YR 5/1) with very light gray (N 8) mottles.............................................................................. 6–10

Silt, very clayey, sticky and dense, light-gray (N 7) ........................................................................................ 10–12 

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey; scattered grains of 

fine to medium, subangular quartz sand; medium 

dark gray (N 4); grades rapidly to very fine to coarse, 

poorly sorted, silty clay; dense clasts of lignitized 

wood and a discoidal quartz pebble 2.5 cm in maximum 

diameter near base............................................................................................................................................ 12–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, finely micaceous, dense and sticky, darkgreenish-gray (5GY 3/1) ................................................................................................................................... 17–26

Base of dune sand: +147 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +133 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
60

CS–2–05: 1.92 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.25 mi north of southern quadrangle border, by abandoned 

house southeast of North Carolina State Road 1150, 0.3 mi northwest of intersection with North Carolina State Road 

1147 in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9077°N., longitude 78.2831°W.). Surface elevation 143 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, clean, light-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey, stiff and dense, massive; 

light brown (5YR 6/6) grading down to medium reddish 

brown (10R 4/6); plinthite nodules up to 0.5 cm in diameter............................................................................... 1–6 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine; less silty and 

clayey downward; medium reddish brown (10R 4/6) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................................... 6–11 

Sand, fine, slightly silty; much softer than interval above; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); lower contact somewhat gradational ........................................................................ 11–14 

Sand, medium to coarse; contains sparse subrounded

Quartz granules; dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ........................................................................................ 14–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, medium to coarse, coarsely micaceous, dense, 

yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6); fine, silty, lignitic, 

light olive gray (5Y 5/2) to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

and medium brown (5YR 4/6) sand lenses....................................................................................................... 28–36 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +115 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
61

CS–3–05: 6.13 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.18 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1262, 0.5 mi north of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1228 in northwestern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9790°N., longitude 78.3575°W.). Surface elevation 137 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium; scattered coarse grains; silty; 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, slightly 

silty, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6); subrounded 

to rounded quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter near 

base ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dense, medium-brown 

(5YR 4/6).............................................................................................................................................................. 5–6 

Sand; very fine to fine, scattered grains up to very 

coarse; very micaceous (coarse mica plates); silty; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).............................................................................................................................. 6–11

Sand, fine to medium, subangular; clayey matrix; 

pale olive gray (5Y 6/2).................................................................................................................................... 11–12

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, finely 

micaceous, very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) ................................................................................................ 12–22

Base of Varina Grove unit: +132 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
62

CS–4–05: 4.23 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.15 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at home site on 

northern side of North Carolina State Road 1146, 0.3 mi west of intersection with U.S. Highway 701 in central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.9496°N., longitude 78.3241°W.). Surface elevation 162 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to medium yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand; coarsens slightly downward to dominantly 

fine; silty; pale reddish brown (10R 5/6) with 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) streaks........................................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, pale-grayish-orange 

(10YR 8/4); white kaolin powder visible upon drying....................................................................................... 6–10

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, thixotropic; very 

fine, dark, heavy minerals; pale yellow (5Y 8/6) 

grading down to pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ................................................................................................. 10–19 

Sand, fine, silty and clayey, pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) with reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles ............................................................................................ 19–19.5

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subangular, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) ......................................................................................................................................... 19.5–22

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, feldspathic; 

sparse fine, dark, heavy minerals; angular to 

subrounded; clean; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down 

to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................................................................ 22–29 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, lignitic; 

olive gray (5Y 4/2) with olive-black (5Y 2/1) clayballs................................................................................. 29–36.5

Sand, fine, silty and clayey, micaceous, olive-black (5Y 2/1)....................................................................... 36.5–37

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, lignitic, olive-gray (5Y 4/2)............................................................. 37–46

Base of dune sand: +152 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +133 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
63

CS–5–05: 6.58 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.74 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on old road (not on 

map) 1.35 mi southwest by west of Tyndall Grove Church in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9107°N.,

longitude 78.3651°W.). Surface elevation 140 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, slightly 

silty, light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) grading down to medium brown (5YR 4/6); 

granules and small, subangular to subrounded 

quartz pebbles up to 0.7 cm in diameter............................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; pale brown (5YR 6/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); 

quartz-pebble gravel at base with subrounded pebbles 

up to 1.1 cm in diameter....................................................................................................................................... 6–8 

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; angular to 

subangular; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) ...................................................................................................... 8–16

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; angular to 

subangular; silty; kaolinitic; coarsely micaceous; 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)..................................................................................................................... 16–18 

Sand, fine to coarse, angular to subangular, poorly sorted,

very pale orange (10YR 8/2); quartz granule to pebble 

bed at base; subangular to subrounded pebbles 

up to 0.7 cm in diameter................................................................................................................................... 18–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, very silty and kaolinitic, very 

micaceous; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to 

pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) .................................................................................................................... 23–26

Base of Varina Grove unit: +117 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
64

CS–6–08: 6.11 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.73 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1221, 0.48 mi east of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1219 in southwestern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9105°N., longitude 78.3573°W.). Surface elevation 152 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .......................................................................... 0–4 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; slightly clayey; stiff; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) with darker yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6) streaks.............................................................................. 4–9 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

grading down to grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) at 11 ft .................................................................................... 9–16 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; much softer than interval above; light 

orange (10YR 7/8); contains one clay-rich, pale-grayish-orange pink (5YR 8/2)

sand rip-up clast; lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................... 16–19 

Sand; fine to coarse grading down to medium to very coarse; 

poorly sorted; silty; soft; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); abundant subrounded

to rounded quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter in basal foot.................................................. 19–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey and silty; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) with darker yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6)

streaks; dense, rounded clasts of lignitic wood up to 3 cm in diameter ........................................................... 22–24 

Clay, silty, greasy, very dense; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) 

and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2) streaks ......................................................................................................... 24–26

Base of dune sand: +148 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +130 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
65

CS–7–08: 2.15 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.88 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road on eastern side of North Carolina State Road 1150, 1.05 mi north-northwest of intersection with North Carolina 

State Road 1147 on boundary between east-central and southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9167°N., longitude 

78.2873°W.). Surface elevation 156 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, grayish-yellow (5Y 7/4)......................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; dominantly fine with some medium grains; slightly 

silty; soft; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) with dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6) streaks grading down through pale brown and 

humic (5YR 6/2) (3–4 ft) to pale pinkish gray (5YR 9/1) ..................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand; dominantly fine with some medium grains; slightly 

silty; soft; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)........................................................................................................................ 6–10

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and slightly clayey, pale-brown 

(5YR 5/2); stiffer than interval above; 1-cm-thick layer of 

carbonaceous material at top............................................................................................................................ 10–11 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and slightly clayey, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 7/2); lower contact gradational.................................................................................. 11–16

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

clay stringers; lower contact abrupt .............................................................................................................. 16–22.5

Peat, woody, dusky-brown (5YR 2/2)* ......................................................................................................... 22.5–23

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine grading down to very 

fine to fine), medium-dark-gray (N 4)........................................................................................................... 23–24.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) with pale-orange (10YR 7/2) mottles .............................................................................. 24.5–25

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1).......................................................................... 25–26 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dark-gray (N 3) ....................................................................................... 26–32

Sand; dominantly fine with rare, scattered, medium to very 

coarse grains; silty; clayey; medium-olive-brown (5Y 4/6) ............................................................................. 32–33

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, olive-gray (5Y 3/2); scattered quartz

granules and pebbles at base up to 0.5 cm in diameter .................................................................................... 33–35
66

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, micaceous, lignitic, very stiff and dense, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1).................................................................................................................................................. 35–41

Base of dune sand: +131.5 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +121 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Wood fragment in peat yielded a radiocarbon age greater than 51,800 B.P. 

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2008).
67

CS–8–08: 4.63 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.28 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

U.S. Highway 701, 1.1 mi south of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1222 (west side) and 1149 (east side) at 

Butlers Crossroads in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9080°N., longitude 78.3310°W.). Surface elevation 

166 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, soft, slightly silty and clayey toward

base; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down

through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) to dark

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand; dominantly fine but with some medium grains; 

clean to slightly silty; pale grayish yellow (5Y 9/4) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................................... 2–6 

Sand, fine, clean, thixotropic; intermingled pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

and grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) ............................................................................................................................... 6–10

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, soft; very pale brown 

(5YR 6/2) grading down to grayish brown (5YR 3/2)....................................................................................... 10–11

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft, pale-brown (5YR 5/2) ....................................................................................... 11–13

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand; dominantly fine but with some medium grains; 

silty, clayey, pale-grayish-orange-pink (10YR 8/2); 

much stiffer and denser than unit above; lower contact gradational ................................................................ 13–19 

Sand; dominantly fine but with some medium grains; 

slightly silty; slightly clayey; pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) grading down to pale yellowish gray (5Y 9/1); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 19–23

Sand;, fine to coarse with minor fraction of very coarse; 

subangular to angular; poorly sorted; pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 9/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 23–26 

Base of dune sand: +153 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Varina Grove unit
68

CS–9–08: 1.70 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.51 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1935, 0.78 mi northeast of intersection with U.S. Highway 421 in east-central 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.9551°N., longitude 78.2793°W.). Surface elevation 160 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, slightly silty; upper half humic and yellowish 

brown (5YR 5/2), lower half light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)........................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; dominantly fine but with some medium grains; slightly 

silty; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6.5/6) with mediumbrown (5YR 4/6) mottles below 3 ft ..................................................................................................................... 1–5 

Sand; dominantly fine but with some medium grains; soft; 

very fine; dark, heavy minerals or charcoal flakes; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to dark yellow (5Y 6/6) ........................................................................... 5–6 

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey; stiffer and denser than 

interval above; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) with 

medium-orange (10YR 7/8) mottles..................................................................................................................... 6–7 

Sand, fine, clean; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (11–12 ft) to pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) intermingled with dark yellow (5Y 7/4); 

less than 1 percent very fine, dark, heavy minerals............................................................................................ 7–14 

Silt, clayey, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 2 in. thick................................................................................................ at 14

Sand, fine, clean, thixotropic; pale yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

intermingled with dark yellow (5Y 7/4) ........................................................................................................... 14–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to very coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, silty; very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2) grading down to pale orange (10YR 7/2); 

subangular granules of quartz .......................................................................................................................... 22–26 

Base of dune sand: +138 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Varina Grove unit
69

Costin Quadrangle

CO–1–04: 5.80 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.53 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft south of 

North Carolina State Road 1216, 0.22 mi west of intersection with North Carolina State Road 11 and U.S. Highway 

421 (Piney Wood) in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5659°N., longitude 78.1014°W.). Surface elevation 

65 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, silty, clayey; olive brown

(5Y 6/6) grading down to dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6);

round quartz pebbles at base up to 1 cm in diameter ........................................................................................... 0–2 

Silt, clayey and sandy (very fine), tough; light brown 

(5YR 5/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles grading down 

to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles......................................................................... 2–11 

Sand medium to coarse grading down to medium to very 

coarse; angular to subangular; poorly sorted; some 

granules; silty; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ........................................................................................... 11–23 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) .............................................................................. 23–24

Sand, coarse to very coarse, pebbly, dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 24–34

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................... 34–35

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey, slightly micaceous, 

dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)............................................................................................................................. 35–39

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) .............................................................................................. 39–46

Base of Charles City Formation: +31 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +26 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
70

CO–2–04: 2.96 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.84 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1403 at entrance to dirt road, 1.25 mi east-southeast of Wards Corner, in south-central 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.5270°N., longitude 78.0515°W.). Surface elevation 47 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand; very fine to fine but with scattered medium to very 

coarse grains; silty and clayey; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) (2 in. thick) over dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2).................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, dominantly fine to medium, poorly sorted, clayey, 

silty, stiff; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

down to pale orange (10YR 7/2)........................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand; dominantly medium to coarse but with some very 

coarse grains and granules; silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/4) (6–8 ft) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1); contains quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter .................................................................................. 6–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; pale olive 

(10Y 6/4) grading down through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

(17.5–18.5 ft) to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)................................................................................................ 17–51

Base of Charles City Formation: +30 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Windsor Formation
71

CO–3–04: 4.58 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.32 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1209 at entrance to dirt road, 1.7 mi east-northeast of Shiloh Church, in north-central 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.6064°N., longitude 78.0799°W.). Surface elevation 66 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) with pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) mottles 

over dusky yellow (10Y 6/4) with light-brown 

(5YR 5/6) and light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) mottles................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand, very fine, clayey and silty; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) 

with dusky-yellow (10Y 6/4) and light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with lightolive-gray (5Y 6/1) mottles .................................................................................................................................. 2–6 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)............................................................................. 6–13 

Silt, clayey, light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................... 13–15 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; grades down to fine, 

silty sand; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................ 15–20 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, greasy, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1) ............................................................................................ 20–30 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

silty, medium dark gray (N 4); quartz pebbles up to 

2 cm in diameter in basal foot.......................................................................................................................... 30–42

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-grayish-olive (10Y 3/2)............................................................................... 42–51

Base of Charles City Formation: +46 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +24 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
72

CO–4–04: 1.13 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.11 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road on 

western side of power line, 0.95 mi north of New Hope Church, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5743°N.,

longitude 78.0196°W.). Surface elevation 53 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) grading rapidly down to dark 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/1); sand grades rapidly to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with light-brown 

(5YR 5/6) and dark-yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles at 3 ft ................................................................................. 1–7 

Silt, clayey; greasy texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

grading to olive gray (5Y 4/1) at 12 ft................................................................................................................ 7–25

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, thixotropic, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/1)........................................................................................................................................... 25–39

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)......................................................................................................... 39–56

Sand, fine to medium, soft, dark-greenish-gray 

(5G 4/1)............................................................................................................................................................ 56–57

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, olive-gray (5Y 3/2); much 

denser than unit above...................................................................................................................................... 57–61

Base of Charles City Formation: +14 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: -4 ft below sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
73

CO–5–05: 0.26 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.37 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1402, 0.45 mi northwest of southeastern corner of quadrangle, in southeastern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.5055°N., longitude 78.0041°W.). Surface elevation 52 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) over grayish yellow (5Y 7/4).............................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey; grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) 

with reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with medium-gray (N 5) 

(6–7 ft) to yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1) mottles.......................................................................................................... 1–8 

Sand, fine, silty; softer than interval above; reddish brown (10R 5/6) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) at 8.5 ft...................................................................................... 8–11

Sand, fine to medium, light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) ............................................................................... 11–15

Sand, medium to coarse; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading 

down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) at 19 ft.................................................................................................. 15–28

Sand, medium to very coarse; pale brown (5YR 6/6) grading 

down through orange (10YR 7/8) to olive gray (5Y 4/2) 

at 32 ft; subangular to subrounded quartz pebbles 

up to 1.2 cm in diameter................................................................................................................................... 28–35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); 

thixotropic in top 10 ft; micaceous below 55 ft ............................................................................................... 35–98 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +17 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Windsor Formation
74

Delway Quadrangle

DE–1–04: 3.27 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.50 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1003, 0.65 mi east-northeast of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1946, in 

central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8155°N., longitude 78.1822°W.). Surface elevation 118 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand; fine with scattered medium to coarse grains; 

silty, clayey; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down 

through light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) (0.5–1 ft) to 

dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ................................................................................................................... 0–11

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) .................................................................................... 11–14

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down through grayish olive (10Y 4/2) 

(27–36 ft) to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)...................................................................................................... 14–39

 ---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, very clayey, silty, dense; locally abundant coarse 

mica and lignite; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) with grayish-green 

(10GY 5/2) blotches in basal foot..................................................................................................................... 39–51

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +79 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
75

DE–2–04: 1.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.27 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1118, 0.6 mi east of Duplin-Sampson County line, in northeastern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.8554°N., longitude 78.1534°W.). Surface elevation 137 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; very dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) over light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).............................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine, very clayey, silty; dark yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/1) with pale-brown (5YR 6/6) streaks in basal foot .................................................................................... 2–6 

Sand, fine, silty, soft, grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) ................................................................................................ 6–9 

Sand, fine, silty, soft, pale-yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................... 9–10 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), very pale orange (10YR 8/2)............................................................................ 10–11

Sand, fine to medium, silty; rounded quartz pebbles up to 

1 cm in diameter at base; pale brown (5YR 6/6) .............................................................................................. 11–12

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

grading down to medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ................................................................................... 12–13

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft, very light gray (N 8)......................................................................................... 13–16

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to coarse; poorly sorted; 

slightly silty; soft; pale yellowish gray (10Y 8/2) ............................................................................................ 16–34

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, soft, olive-gray (5Y 4/2).................................................................. 34–42

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty, pale-olive-brown (5Y 6/6).................................................. 42–47

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale-olive-brown (5Y 6/6)......................................................................................... 47–57

Sand, medium, clean but humic, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

clayballs of lithology of unit below that are weathered 

to yellowish brown (10YR 5/2), dark orange (10YR 6/8), 

and dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)............................................................................................................................. 57–58
76

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, lignitic, coarsely micaceous; 

much denser than unit above; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) with

grayish-olive-green (5GY 3/2) blotches ........................................................................................................... 58–61 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +125 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +79 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
77

DE–3–04: 5.17 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.47 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at beginning of 

northern dirt-road fork off unnumbered paved road, 0.6 mi northwest of Shanghai, in southwestern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.7715°N., longitude 78.2154°W.). Surface elevation 114 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, clean; dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading 

down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)........................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; dusky yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 

grading to brownish gray (5YR 4/1) at 2 ft........................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, light-greenish-gray (5GY 7/1)............................................................................... 6–9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, medium-gray (N 5) ..................................................................... 9–15

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/6) ............................................................................................................................................ 15–16

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, lignitic, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/1)........................................................................................................................................... 16–18

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, coarsely micaceous, lignitic, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/1)........................................................................................................................................... 18–21

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +99 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
78

DE–4–04: 1.34 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.03 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road 400 ft 

southeast of 89-ft spot elevation point at intersection with North Carolina State Road 1129, in southeastern 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.7651°N., longitude 78.1483°W.). Surface elevation 87 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, clean; abundant roots; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) grading down through yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) to very pale orange (10YR 8/2) .......................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, humic; dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 2/2) grading down through yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

(2–5 ft) to very dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) ............................................................................................... 1–8 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine to fine), pale-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................... 8–15

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1)........................................................................ 15–17

Sand, fine, silty; softer than interval above; olive gray (5Y 4/1) 

grading at 24 ft to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1).............................................................................................. 17–26

Sand, fine, slightly silty, massive, dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 4/1); scattered medium to coarse quartz 

grains and rounded wood chips in basal foot ................................................................................................... 26–55

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, dense, lignitic, darkgreenish-gray (5GY 4/1) ................................................................................................................................... 55–60

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, sparsely shelly, very 

dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1)* ......................................................................................................................... 60–62 

Silt, sandy (very fine to fine); abundant shell fragments; 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)........................................................................................................................... 62–64

Base of Windsor Formation: +32 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Contains a Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil Zone CC 15 or younger assemblage

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
79

DE–5–04: 5.72 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.78 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.05 mi north of 

North Carolina State Road 1945, along dirt road, 0.7 mi west of Trinity Church, in northwestern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.8485°N., longitude 78.2252°W.). Surface elevation 134 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, slightly silty; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down through dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) (1–3 

ft) to grayish yellow (5Y 8/4)............................................................................................................................... 0–4 

Sand, fine, silty; much stiffer than interval above; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down at 9 ft 

to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ............................................................................................................................. 4–13 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; silty; light brown (5YR 5/6) ................................................................................................................. 13–17

Sand, medium to coarse, dark-yellowish-orange

(10YR 6/6); abundant quartz pebbles up 

to 2 cm in diameter .......................................................................................................................................... 17–18

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/6); gravelly at base with rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter and lightolive-gray (5Y 6/1) clayballs............................................................................................................................ 18–27

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); grades down to fine, 

silty, clayey sand; very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) ..................................................................................... 27–46

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1).................................................................. 46–51

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, lignitic, dense, stiff, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1) ...................................................................... 51–54

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, micaceous; lignitic with 

some rounded detrital wood chips; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1); 

very dense and stiff; very hard drilling ............................................................................................................ 54–56 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +107 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +83 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
80

Duart Quadrangle

DT–1–07: 3.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.88 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road on western side of North Carolina State Road 2229, 200 ft north of Cumberland and Bladen County line, in northcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8500°N., longitude 78.8134°W.). Surface elevation 64 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Older alluvium

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) grading down through grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6.5/6) 

to very pale orange (10YR 8/2)............................................................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange(10YR 6/6).............................................................................................. 2–4 

Sand, very fine, very silty and slightly clayey, very pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6.5/2) ............................................................................................................................. 4–5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; softer than interval above; yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) ........................................................................................................................................................ 5–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse 

and granular; subangular to subrounded; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6).......................................................................................................................................................... 6–10

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, micaceous; scattered wood chips; 

dark gray (N 3); scattered very fine, clean, very angular, 

very dark greenish gray (5G 3/1) sand lenses.................................................................................................. 10–12

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), very dark greenish gray (5G 3/1); 

bits of wood and pyrite lumps.......................................................................................................................... 12–21

Base of older alluvium: +54 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
81

DT–2–07: 1.70 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.74 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 400 ft northwest of 

unnumbered road, 0.11 mi west of power line and 0.28 mi south of Pine Acres Road, in east-central 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.8189°N., longitude 78.7797°W.). Surface elevation 82 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; mostly fine but up to medium; soft; grayish 

brown (5YR 3/2) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; mostly fine but up to medium; soft; yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down through dark yellowish orange 

10YR 5.5/6) (4–5 ft) to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)..................................................................................... 1–12 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), grayish-brown (5YR 3/2)................................................................................. 12–13

Silt; more clayey than interval above; sandy (very fine); olive 

gray (5Y 4/1); lower contact abrupt.................................................................................................................. 13–16

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, feldspathic, slightly silty, 

soft, pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2); local concentrations of 

subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter........................................................................ 16–36

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, medium-yellowishgray (5Y 7/1); abundant subrounded to rounded quartz 

pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter and a lignitized wood clast............................................................................. 36–38

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; sparse wood

fragments; dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1)........................................................................................................ 38–41 

Base of dune sand: +70 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +44 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
82

DT–3–07: 5.83 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.92 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1302, 0.95 mi east of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1305, in westcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8214°N., longitude 78.8522°W.). Surface elevation about 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subangular, silty, 

clayey, pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2); lower contact 

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to very fine to 

fine at 6 ft; angular to subangular; slightly clayey and 

silty; pale gray (N 8.5)........................................................................................................................................ 3–11 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted; increasingly silty 

downward; subrounded to rounded quartz granules; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down through yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) (12–12.5 ft) and pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

(12.5–14 ft) to grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)............................................................................................................ 11–19

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; pale brown (5YR 5/2) 

with yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) mottles.................................................................................................... 19–19.5

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted; subrounded 

to rounded quartz granules and sparse subangular pebbles up 

to 0.5 cm in diameter; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down 

through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) (26–30 ft) and 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) (30–30.5 ft) to dark reddish orange (10R 5/6) ........................................................ 19.5–31

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted; more clayey 

and silty than interval above; medium gray (N 5) grading 

downward to light olive gray (5Y 5/2); scattered wood chips; 

clayball with black lignite and grayish-black (N 2) matrix 

at 33–33.5 ft ..................................................................................................................................................... 31–36

Sand, fine to medium, silty; not clayey; very wet; medium 

brown (5YR 4/6) grading down to medium yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................. 36–46

Sand, fine to medium, silty; increasingly clayey downward; 

medium dark gray (N 4); scattered wood chips 

throughout and scattered subrounded to rounded quartz granules near base ................................................... 46–48

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), dense, medium-dark-gray 

(N 4); graphite streaks from wood ................................................................................................................... 48–51 
83

Sand, very fine to fine, clean, very micaceous; 

light gray (N 7) grading down to dark bluish gray 

(5B 4/1); scattered lignite clasts ....................................................................................................................... 51–55

Base of Varina Grove unit: +94 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
84

DT–4–07: 3.51 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.33 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft west of 

North Carolina State Highway 87, 0.1 mi north of 151-ft “Deed” benchmark in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.7694°N., longitude 78.8112°W.). Surface elevation 152 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand; dominantly fine but occasionally very fine to 

medium; silty; clayey; sticky; plinthitic nodules at 

4 ft; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down

through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

(2–6 ft) to reddish orange (10R 6/8)..................................................................................................................... 0–8 

Sand, very fine, very clayey and silty, dense, sticky, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)...................................................................................................................................... 8–11 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, light-orangepink (10R 8/4); some clay-rich lenses; lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 11–16

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, mediumorange-pink (10R 6/6)...................................................................................................................................... 16–19

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; light reddish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down to pale orange (10YR 8/8) at 19.4 ft ........................................................................ 19–21

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), grayish-pink (5R 8/2) ........................................................................... 21–21.5

Sand; fine to medium grading rapidly down to medium to 

very coarse; abundant subangular to subrounded 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter; pale brownish orange 

(5YR 8/6); lower contact abrupt ................................................................................................................... 21.5–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, micaceous, stiff, sticky, dense; grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)

at 23.5 ft ........................................................................................................................................................... 23–26 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +129 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
85

Dublin Quandrangle

DN–1–07: 4.33 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.05 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

Knoxville Lane along old railroad grade, 0.35 mi south-southeast of North Carolina Highway 41, on ridge between 

McNeil Bay and Sheriff White Bay, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6403°N., longitude 78.7009°W.). 

Surface elevation about 138 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down through grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6); lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................. 1–5 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted; grades down 

through fine to medium to dominantly fine; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) 

mottles grading down through very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

(5–6 ft) and pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) (7–9 ft) 

to light grayish orange pink (5YR 8/2); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 5–13 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium; 

grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) grading down through 

pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) to light 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); lower contact abrupt ................................................................................................. 13–14

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); very pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading down through 

pale brownish gray (5YR 6/1) to medium gray 

(N 5); lower contact somewhat gradational...................................................................................................... 14–21

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine; 

very silty and clayey; olive gray (5Y 4/1) ........................................................................................................ 21–28

Sand, mostly fine, silty, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1)............................................................................................ 28–30

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand; mostly fine but up to medium; silty; abundant chalky 

shells; greenish gray 5GY 6/1)* ....................................................................................................................... 30–36

Coquina; fine to medium sand matrix; very silty; 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1).................................................................................................................................... 36–38
86

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to coarse; 

poorly sorted; silty; sparsely shelly; olive gray 

(5Y 4/1); large fragment of dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) 

lignite at base ................................................................................................................................................... 38–44 

Sand; fine to coarse, poorly sorted, grading down

to fine to medium; subrounded; clean; soft; grayish 

brown (5YR 3/2); scattered rounded lignite fragments

1–2 cm in diameter........................................................................................................................................... 44–52

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty and clayey, 

micaceous, sparsely lignitic, dense, stiff, tough; 

light olive gray (5Y6/1) with dark-greenishgray (5G 4/1) mottles grading down through brownish 

gray (5YR 7/1) to medium grayish brown 

(5YR 4/2).......................................................................................................................................................... 52–56

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +124 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +108 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +86 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Early Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil assemblage recovered at 36 ft

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2007).
87

DN–2–07: 3.53 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.61 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southeastern

side of North Carolina State Road 1323, 0.78 mi northeast of intersection with North Carolina Highway 53, in northcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7363°N., longitude 78.6856°W.). Surface elevation about 72 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, soft, clean, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)........................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, humate-cemented; dusky 

brown (5YR 2/2) grading down at 3.5 ft to 

medium yellowish brown 10YR 5/2).................................................................................................................... 2–4 

Sand, fine to medium, soft, very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 4–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, soft; pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading down through 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) (7–7.5 ft), 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) (7.5–14 ft), pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) (14–14.5 ft), 

and orange (10YR 7/8) (14.5–15 ft) to pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4).................................................................................................................................. 6–16

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Older alluvium

Peat, sandy (very fine to fine), micaceous, darkyellowish-brown (10YR 3/2)............................................................................................................................ 16–19

Sand; dominantly medium to coarse with minor 

fine fraction; soft; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4); 

lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................................ 19–23

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, feldspathic, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); subrounded to rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; soft; becomes 

silty downward................................................................................................................................................. 23–27

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, granular, silty and 

slightly clayey, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) .................................................................................................. 27–28
88

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

medium-olive-gray (5Y 5/1); dark-brown (5YR 2/4) 

lignite clasts ..................................................................................................................................................... 28–31

Base of dune sand: +56 ft above sea level

Base of older alluvium: +44 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
89

DN–3–07: 3.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.88 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at southern

terminus of North Carolina State Road 1334, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6984°N., longitude 

78.6570°W.). Surface elevation 60 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, soft, slightly silty; brownish 

gray (5YR 4/1) grading down to grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) at 2 in. ................................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) streaks........................................................................................ 2–3 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, very light gray 

(N 8); root fragments............................................................................................................................................ 3–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down through medium 

to very coarse at 10 ft then back to fine to medium 

at 12 ft and then back to medium to very coarse at 

15–17 ft; clean; soft; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).................................................................................................... 6–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, micaceous, dense, stiff, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/1); abundant very fine sand-filled 

burrows 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter and pyrite lumps........................................................................................... 17–21

Base of dune sand: +57 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +43 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
90

DN–4–07: 3.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.88 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along dirt road 

0.08 mi west of North Carolina State Road 1339, 0.6 mi north of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1338, in 

west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6766°N., longitude 78.7224°W.). Surface elevation 140 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, very fine to fine; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) with dark-orange (10YR 6/8) mottles..................................................................................... 1–5 

Sand, very fine to fine, sugary, soft; white (N 9) 

grading rapidly down to silty and light brown (5YR 5/6)..................................................................................... 5–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, thixotropic; 

1–2 percent very fine, dark, heavy minerals; grayish 

orange pink (5YR 7/2) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) in basal foot; lower contact abrupt ....................................................................................................... 6–22

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, greasy, sandy (very fine); dark orange 

(10YR 8/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1) blotches...........................................................................................22–24 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to very fine to 

medium; poorly sorted; silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).....................................................................................24–34

Silt, very clayey, greasy, sandy (very fine); upper foot 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading rapidly down to 

medium gray (N 5)...........................................................................................................................................34–39

Sand; dominantly fine to medium, but ranges from 

very fine to coarse; poorly sorted; silty; dark greenish 

gray (5GY 3/1)..................................................................................................................................................39–42

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, very fine, very clayey and silty, dense, stiff, 

micaceous, medium-greenish-gray (5GY 5/1).................................................................................................. 42–43 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, micaceous; softer than 

interval above; yellowish gray (5Y 7/1); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 43–47

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to coarse; 

poorly sorted; silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) with 

grayish-brown (5YR 3/2) blotches; lower contact abrupt................................................................................. 47–49
91

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), sparsely micaceous, 

stiff, dense; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) with mediumgreenish-gray (5G 5/1) mottles, lower contact somewhat 

gradational ....................................................................................................................................................... 49–54

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dense, olivegray (5Y 4/1); thin laminae of fine sand; lignite clasts ..................................................................................... 54–57

Sand, fine to medium, silty, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); 

lower contact abrupt......................................................................................................................................... 57–59

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very micaceous, light-olivegray (5Y 6/1); 3-in.-thick layer of clayey, carbonaceous, 

micaceous, dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) silt at 63 ft ............................................................................................... 59–65

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, clayey, brownish-gray 

(5YR 4/1); scattered lignite fragments.............................................................................................................. 65–68

Sand, medium to coarse, subrounded, silty, medium-brownishgray (5YR 5/1).................................................................................................................................................. 68–71

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +118 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +98 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +91 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
92

Elizabethtown North Quadrangle

EN–1–07: 0.99 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.43 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of North Carolina Highway 53, 0.4 mi east of junction with U.S. Highway 701, in southeastern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.6460°N., longitude 78.5174°W.). Surface elevation 71 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Sand, fine to medium; swirled colors; disturbed ground...................................................................................... 0–3 

Dune sand

Sand, fine, clean; dusky brown (5YR 2/2) grading down

through yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) (3.5–5 ft) to 

grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) ........................................................................................................................................ 3–6 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; clean; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) grading down 

through very pale orange (10YR 8/2) (6.5–8.5 ft) and

through dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 

(8.5–12.5 ft) to medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ....................................................................................... 6–17

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, fine, clayey, silty; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) 

rapidly grading down to grayish brown (5YR 3/2)........................................................................................ 17–17.3

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, stiff, somewhat sticky; 

light gray (N 7) grading down through light greenish gray 

(5G 7/1) (21–24 ft) to light greenish gray (5G 7/1) 

with light-olive-brown (5Y 5/4) mottles........................................................................................................ 17.3–31

Sand, fine, well-sorted, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

sparse very fine, dark ,heavy minerals; 

lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................................ 31–36 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/1); very fine, dark, heavy minerals......................................................................................................... 36–39

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, lignitic, coarsely micaceous, dense; olive gray 

(5Y 4/1) grading down to dusky brown (5YR 2/4)............................................................................................ 39–42

Sand, fine, silty and clayey, micaceous, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 2/2) to olive-gray (5Y 4/2); interbedded with 

coarsely micaceous, woody peat layers............................................................................................................ 42–49
93

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), finely micaceous, dense, 

very lignitic, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); medium-greenishgray (5GY 7/1), very fine sand-filled burrows about 1 cm 

in diameter in basal 2 ft.................................................................................................................................... 49–56

Base of dune sand: +54 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +32 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
94 

EN–2–07: 1.37 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.32 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1524 and 1509, on Susies Hill in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.7311°N., longitude 78.5234°W.). Surface elevation 111 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft, paleyellowish-orange (10YR 8/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 0–6 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft, grayish-orange 

(10YR 7.5/4)....................................................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, medium-brown 

(5YR 4/4).......................................................................................................................................................... 11–17

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft; pale yellowish 

orange (10YR 8/6) grading down through very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2) and very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) with dark-yellowish-orange streaks

(10YR 6/6) (23–26 ft) to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................. 17–29

Sand, fine to medium, very humic, soft, dark-brown 

(5YR 2/4) .......................................................................................................................................................... 29–34

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, very clayey, 

pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8.5/1); abundant kaolinite ......................................................................................... 34–35

Sand; fine to medium grading down through medium to coarse 

and granular to medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; 

pebbly (up to 3 cm diameter); soft; slightly silty; 

pale yellowish brown (10Y 6/2) grading down through 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) to light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................................. 35–48

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, coarsely micaceous, 

dark-reddish-brown (5YR 3/4); locally abundant lignitized wood; 

much denser than unit above; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to olive gray (10Y 6/1)........................................................................................... 48–60
95

Clay, slightly lignitic, finely micaceous, dense, massive, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/2) .......................................................................................................................................... 60–61 

Base of dune sand: +77 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +63 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
96

EN–3–07: 6.11 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.76 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

North Carolina Highway 53, 0.85 mi west of intersection with North Carolina Highway 242, in southwestern 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.6506°N., longitude 78.6065°W.). Surface elevation 48 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Older alluvium

Sand; mostly fine but up to medium; clean; contains 

less than 1 percent very fine to fine, dark, heavy minerals; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading down 

through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) (0.5–2 ft), 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (2–3 ft), and very 

pale orange (10YR 8/2) (3–4 ft) to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subrounded, soft, clean, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 7/2).............................................................................................................................. 6–10 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, stiff, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); 

3-in.-thick layer.................................................................................................................................................. at 10

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium; silty; slightly 

micaceous; olive gray (5Y 4/1) to medium gray (N 5); 

very dark reddish brown (10R 2/4) lignite clasts ............................................................................................. 10–16

Base of older alluvium: +38 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
97

EN–4–07: 6.42 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.28 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1324, 0.22 mi northwest of intersection with North Carolina Highway 242, in 

northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7306°N., longitude 78.6121°W.). Surface elevation 85 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subrounded to rounded, soft; 

very pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2), grading 

down to dusky brown (5YR 2/2) at 1 ft ................................................................................................................ 0–4 

Peat, sandy (very fine), dark-brown (5YR 2/4); 

wood clast near base ........................................................................................................................................... 4–5 

Sand, fine to medium, subrounded to rounded, silty, 

medium-brown (5YR 4/6)..................................................................................................................................... 5–6 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium; subangular 

to subrounded; silty; soft; medium-brown (5YR 4/6)........................................................................................... 6–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, very clayey, stiff; light greenish gray (5G 8/1) 

grading down through light greenish gray (5G 8/1) with 

light-olive-brown (5Y 5/4) mottles (11–19 ft) to light 

olive brown (5Y 5/4) with light-greenish-gray 

(5G 8/1) mottles; lower contact somewhat gradational...................................................................................... 8–24

Sand, very fine, very clayey and silty; softer than 

interval above; light greenish gray (5G 8/1) .................................................................................................... 24–25

Sand; fine to medium grading rapidly down to medium to 

coarse; slightly silty to clean; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/2); lower contact gradational.............................................................................................................. 25–40

Sand, medium to very coarse, pale-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 7/2); abundant subrounded quartz pebbles up to 4 cm in 

diameter in basal few inches............................................................................................................................ 40–42

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, very silty, dark-brownish-gray (5YR 3/1); 

abundant yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) and dark-brown 

(5YR 2/4) lignite............................................................................................................................................... 42–46

Base of dune sand: +77 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +43 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
98

EN–5–07: 3.70 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.66 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road 0.06 

mi east of junction with North Carolina State Road 1511 (junction is location of 63-ft spot elevation), in central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.6925°N., longitude 78.5654°W.). Surface elevation 64 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subrounded to round, humic; 

dusky brown (5YR 2/2) grading down to light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium; silty; 

very pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading 

down to light brown (5YR 5/6)............................................................................................................................. 2–3 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium; 

humic; pale brown (5YR 5/26) ............................................................................................................................. 3–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand; dominantly fine but ranges from very fine 

to medium; poorly sorted; subangular to subrounded; 

humic slightly silty; medium brown (5YR 4/6).................................................................................................. 6–16 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted; medium 

brown (5YR 4/6) grading down to yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) at 19 ft; lower contact gradational ...................................................................................... 16–26

Sand, coarse to very coarse, dark-brown (5YR 2/4); 

abundant subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles 

up to 1 cm in diameter...................................................................................................................................... 26–27

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, very clayey and silty, dense, 

brownish-gray (5YR 4/1)................................................................................................................................. 27–30 

Clay, very silty, micaceous; light grayish green (10G 3/2) 

interbedded with dark olive gray (5Y 3/1); medium-brown 

(5YR 4/6) lignite clasts; burrows filled with very fine, 

pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 9/1) sand in basal 2 ft ............................................................................................... 30–36

Base of dune sand: +58 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +37 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
99

Elizabethtown South Quadrangle

ES–1–07: 5.58 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.55 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along dirt road (not 

on map) 0.12 mi east of North Carolina State Road 1700, 0.75 mi south of junction with North Carolina State Road 

1708, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5661°N., longitude 78.5976°W.). Surface elevation 116 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; grayish orange (10YR 7/4) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) streaks in upper 1 ft, 

then medium brown (5YR 4/6) with grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) 

mottles and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .................................................................................................... 0–5 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to very fine; silty; 

clayey; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2); clay content increases 

downward; lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................................. 5–7 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; pale 

olive gray (5Y 6/2) with pale-yellowish-orange (10YR 8/6) 

streaks grading down through pale olive gray (10YR 8/6) 

(8–12 ft) to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) with dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6) streaks, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), pale 

yellowish orange (10YR 8/6), and medium olive brown (5Y 4/4)...................................................................... 7–22

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; greenish 

gray (5GY 6/1) intermingled with medium gray (N 5); 

lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................................ 22–34

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, very fine to medium, very clayey and silty, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/1); sparse thin shells; lower

contact abrupt................................................................................................................................................... 34–37

Sand, fine, well-sorted, very light gray (N 8); 

abundant shell hash (mostly oyster)................................................................................................................. 37–41

Coquina; fine to coarse quartz sand matrix; very light 

gray (N 8); subrounded pyrite lumps up to 2 cm in 

diameter abundant in basal foot ....................................................................................................................... 41–44

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), dense, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/1); abundant pyrite nodules 1–2 cm diameter; 

scattered very light gray (N 8) to white (N 9), 

very fine sand-filled burrows up to 1 cm in diameter ...................................................................................... 44–49 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +82 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +72 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
100

ES–2–07: 3.22 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.34 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road on eastern side of North Carolina State Road 1708, 0.36 mi north-northeast of southern quadrangle border along 

trace of road, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5049°N., longitude 78.5561°W.). Surface elevation 98 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty; light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4) to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) ......................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty and clayey, stiff; 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with reddishorange (10R 5/6) and very light gray (N 8) streaks.............................................................................................. 2–6 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, sticky; 

sparse very fine mica; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) with reddish-orange (10R 5/6) and 

very light gray (N 8) streaks; lower contact 

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 6–14

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6); lower contact somewhat gradational............................................................................................. 14–19

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty; grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) grading to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) at 19.5 ft; 

sparse very fine to fine, silvery mica................................................................................................................ 19–21

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, soft; orange (10YR 7/8) 

mingled with light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); 

interbedded with centimeter-scale layers of yellowishgray (5Y 8/1), clayey silt .................................................................................................................................. 21–29 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), yellowish-gray 

(5Y 7/2) ......................................................................................................................................................... 29–29.5

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 4/1); clay content increases downward; 

centimeter-scale, clayey, silt lenses scattered 

throughout interval........................................................................................................................................ 29.5–35

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, fine to medium, silty, medium-greenish-gray 

(5GY 5/1); moderately abundant shell hash (mostly oyster) ............................................................................ 35–39 

Sand, fine to coarse (modally medium), dark-gray (5Y 3/1); 

coarse fraction rounded; clean; basal foot contains 

brownish-black (5YR 2/1) lignite lumps and clayballs..................................................................................... 39–44

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +63 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, James City Member
101

ES–3–07: 3.44 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.57 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of North Carolina Highway 87, 1.5 mi northwest of junction with North Carolina State Road 1709, in north-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5954°N., longitude 78.5597°W.). Surface elevation 107 ft.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; grayish brown (5YR 3/2) 

grading down to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ............................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine to coarse (modally medium), silty, clayey, 

dense; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with reddish-brown 

mottles (10R 5/6) below 6 ft ............................................................................................................................. 1–6.5

Silt, very clayey, stiff, dense; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) 

with reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles .............................................................................................................. 6.5–7 

Sand, very fine to fine; pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) 

grading down through light brown (5YR 5/6) (8–9 ft) to 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ...................................................................................................................... 7–10

Sand, very fine, silty, very clayey; light red (5R 6/6) with 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) streaks........................................................................................................................ 10–11

Sand very fine, silty, pale-yellowish-orange (10YR 8/6).................................................................................. 11–12 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), tough, dense; grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) grading down through grayish orange pink 

(5YR 7/2) (12.5–13.5 ft) to light olive gray (5Y 6/1); 

lower contact somewhat gradational ............................................................................................................... 12–22

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; light brown 

(5YR 5/6) grading down to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)......................................................................... 22–26

Sand, fine to medium, silty; light brown (5YR 5/6) 

grading down through pale reddish brown (10R 5/6) 

(26–27 ft) and grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) (27–28 ft) 

to light brown (5YR 6/4)................................................................................................................................... 26–33 

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6); interbedded with very clayey, lightolive-gray (5Y 6/1) silt ..................................................................................................................................... 33–34

Sand, very fine to fine, very clayey and silty, 

micaceous, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1); 

abundant burrows filled with sand (very fine 

to fine), clean, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1); some 

dark-brown (5YR 2/4) lignite fragents.............................................................................................................. 34–35

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, dark-greenish-gray 

(5G 3/1); sparse shell fragments ...................................................................................................................... 35–38
102

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, stiff, finely micaceous, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1) ...................................................... 38–46 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +72 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
103

ES–4–08: 5.88 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.96 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along dirt road 200 

ft of junction with North Carolina State Road 1700, 0.50 mi north of junction with North Carolina State Road 1705, in 

northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6007°N., longitude 78.6027°W.). Surface elevation about 132 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine; well-sorted, but with scattered coarse 

to very coarse grains; silty; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) grading down to yellowish orange 

(10YR 6.5/6)......................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty; medium yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4) grading down through grayish orange 

pink (5YR 7/2) (3–5 ft) to pale brown (5YR 5/2).................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, fine, very silty, pale-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/2); dark-reddish-brown (10YR 3/2) 

wood fragments* .................................................................................................................................................. 6–7 

Sand, fine, slightly silty; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) 

grading down through pale brown (5YR 6/2) to light 

grayish brown (5YR 4/2) .................................................................................................................................... 7–10

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky, stiff; light olive gray 

(5Y 5.5/2) grading down to medium olive gray (5Y 5/1).................................................................................. 10–13

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, light-olive-gray 

(5Y 5/2); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................................. 13–18

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly clayey, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/1)........................................................................................................................................... 18–21

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +122 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

*Wood fragment at base of peat yielded a radiocarbon age greater than 51,800 B.P. 

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2008). 
104

Garland Quadrangle

GA–1–05: 1.78 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.56 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at intersection of 

old railroad right-of-way and end of unnumbered paved road 1/9 mi east-northeast of Green Bridge, in central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.8163°N., longitude 78.4237°W.). Surface elevation 115 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Railroad roadbed fill ............................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) grading down through pale yellowish 

brown (5YR 6/2) (3–5 ft) to yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1); lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................... 2–12

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to medium to 

coarse near base; very clayey and silty; stiff; dense; 

pale olive gray (5Y 5/1) grading near base to pale 

orange (5YR 7/2); scattered quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 0.7 cm in diameter............................................................................................................... 12–31 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, very clayey and silty, finely micaceous, 

very dense, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1) ....................................................................................................... 31–36

Base of dune sand: +103 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +84 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
105

GA–2–05: 1.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.22 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.05 mi south of 

North Carolina State Road 1207, 0.95 mi east-northeast of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1207 and North 

Carolina Highway 411, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8402°N., longitude 78.4032°W.). Surface 

elevation 106 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) grading down through grayish brown 

(5YR 3/2) to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) .................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; slightly humic in lower part; yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) grading down to medium brown (5YR 4/2) 

at 2 ft; abundant wood material (stump?) at base............................................................................................... 1–12

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand; fine grading down to medium to coarse; silty; pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down to very pale 

yellow (5Y 9/1)................................................................................................................................................. 12–16

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very pale orange (10YR 8/2)................................................................................ 16–17

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey, light-gray (N 7)................................................................................... 17–27

Sand, very fine grading down to fine to medium; light 

gray (N 7)......................................................................................................................................................... 27–31

Sand, fine to medium, pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2)........................................................................................ 31–34 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

silty; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2); denser than interval above........................................................................ 34–41

Base of dune sand: +94 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Windsor Formation
106

GA–3–05: 5.98 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.98 mi north of southern quadrangle border, just south of 

intersection of dirt road with North Carolina State Road 1214 at 146-ft spot elevation, in northwestern 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.8658°N., longitude 78.4795°W.). Surface elevation 144 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, medium, clean and soft; pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) over dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

clean; soft; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2).............................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, humic, dusky-yellowishbrown (10YR 2/2)............................................................................................................................................... 6–21

Sand, fine to medium, clean to slightly silty; 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) grading 

down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) at 25 ft; 

lower contact abrupt but no lag bed ................................................................................................................. 21–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); scattered fine to 

medium grains; sticky and moderately dense; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) grading down in basal foot to 

olive gray (5Y 4/1) ........................................................................................................................................... 28–41 

Sand, very fine to medium, clayey, silty, olive-black 

(5Y 2/1); wood fragments................................................................................................................................. 41–43

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, slightly 

silty; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) grading down in 

basal foot to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); abrupt basal 

contact but no lag bed ...................................................................................................................................... 43–51

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), medium-greenishgray (5GY 5/1).................................................................................................................................................. 51–54

 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, medium-olive-gray 

(5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 54–56

Silt, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1)....................................................................................................... 56–59

Gravel; angular to rounded quartz clasts up to 3.5 

cm in diameter; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); 

peaty in basal 4 in. ........................................................................................................................................... 59–61

Base of dune sand: +116 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit 
107

GA–4–05: 6.36 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.30 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1002 just south of abandoned house located 0.15 mi southeast of Sinai Church, in 

southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7692°N., longitude 78.4859°W.). Surface elevation 91 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to yellowish brown (10YR 5/2)................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) with reddish-brown (10R 5/6) and pale-olive-gray 

(5Y 7/1) mottles (2–4 ft) to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, pale-orange (10YR 7/2); lower contact

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 6–14 

Sand, medium to very coarse, angular to subangular, poorly 

sorted, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); lower contact gradational ............................................................................. 14–27

Sand, coarse to very coarse, granular, slightly silty; 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1) to olive gray (5Y 4/1); 

angular metamorphic pebble 1.5 cm in diameter ............................................................................................. 27–31

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, lignitic, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1) .......................................................................................................................... 31–41

Base of Windsor Formation: +60 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
108

GA–5–05: 0.83 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.98 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along old railroad 

right-of-way at southeastern edge of town of Garland, 0.4 mi northwest of Evening Light Church, in southeastern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.7789°N., longitude 78.3894°W.). Surface elevation 134 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Railroad roadbed fill ............................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Dune sand

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, humic; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) grading down through yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/2) (4–18 ft) and medium yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4) (18–30 ft) to yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6); a few zones in this interval humate cemented; 

lower contact abrupt........................................................................................................................................... 2–32

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense and stiff; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 6/1)...................................................................................... 32–35

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), greenish-gray (5GY 6/1).................................................................................. 35–39

Sand, fine, silty, micaceous, light-greenish-gray 

(5GY 7/1), lower contact somewhat gradational .............................................................................................. 39–54

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very 

coarse and granular with small quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2)........................................................................................ 54–65.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, micaceous, dense, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1)...................................................................... 65.5–66 

Base of dune sand: +102 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +68.5 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
109

Harrells Quadrangle

HA–1–04: 1.21 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.93 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

U.S. Highway 421, 0.45 mi north-northwest of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1211 with U.S. Highway 421, 

in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6675°N., longitude 78.1461°W.). Surface elevation 81 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, silty, light-olive-brown (5Y 5/4)................................................................... 0–2 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty; medium brownish 

gray (5YR 5/1) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles........................................................................................... 2–6 

Sand; very fine to fine interbedded with fine to medium; 

clayey; silty; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to 

grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) ............................................................................................................................. 6–9 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)............................................................................. 9–12

Silt, clayey, intermittently sandy (very fine); medium gray 

(N 5) grading down through medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) 

to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)....................................................................................................................... 12–19

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; slightly silty; 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); scattered wood fragments 

and small quartz pebbles near base .................................................................................................................. 19–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) .............................................................................................. 24–26 

Sandstone, fine to medium, calcite-cemented, medium-olive-gray (5Y 5/1) ................................................... 26–28

Sand, fine to medium, silty, calcareous, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) ........................................................................... 28–31

Base of dune sand: +79 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
110

HA–2–04: 6.07 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.21 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along northwest 

side of dirt road, 0.3 mi south-southwest of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1118, 0.8 mi north-northwest 

of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1118 and 1007, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7007°N.,

longitude 78.2310°W.). Surface elevation 80 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine to medium, soft, humic; medium brown 

(5YR 4/6) grading down to dusky brown (5YR 2/2)............................................................................................. 0–3 

Sand, fine to medium, well-sorted, subangular; slightly 

silty and clayey in basal foot; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) ........................................................................................ 3–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

grading down through light yellowish brown (10YR 7/4) 

(8–9 ft) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)..................................................................................................... 6–19

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine; interbedded with clay; micaceous; 

lignitic; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) grading down 

at 3 in. to dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1)........................................................................................................... 19–21 

Base of Windsor Formation: +61 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
111

HA–3–04: 5.56 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.11 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

abandoned house, 0.05 mi east of North Carolina State Road 1106, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6702°N., longitude 78.2222°W.). Surface elevation 78 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clean; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, very humic; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) grading down to dusky brown (10YR 2/2)......................................................................................... 2–5 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, pale-brown (5YR 5/2) ................................................................................ 5–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to coarse; poorly 

sorted; clean; thixotropic; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) .................................................................................. 6–16 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, dense, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1); clay lenses and lignite in basal foot........................................................................................ 16–26

Sandstone, fine to medium, calcite-cemented, medium-olivegray (5Y 5/1) .................................................................................................................................................... 26–28

Sand, fine to medium, silty, calcareous, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) ........................................................................... 28–31

Base of Charles City Formation: +62 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
112

HA–4–04: 3.17 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.59 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at northwestern

end of dirt road, 0.3 mi northwest of Peterson Cemetery, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7355°N.,

longitude 78.1802°W.). Surface elevation 73 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine, silty; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) grading 

down at 1 ft to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)................................................................................................ 0–4 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey, stiff, yellowishgray (5Y 8/1) ........................................................................................................................................................ 4–5 

Sand, fine to medium, soft, silty, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................... 5–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, slightly silty, grayish-yellow 

(5Y 8/4); abrupt contact with bed below .............................................................................................................. 6–9 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), very stiff and dense; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with very light gray (N 8) 

and medium-reddish-brown (10R 4/6) mottles in basal 2 ft............................................................................... 9–14 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, silty, slightly clayey, 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 5.5/6); softer than unit above............................................................................ 14–16 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

soft; thixotropic; dark yellowish orange (10YR 5.5/6) ..................................................................................... 16–43

Sand, medium to coarse, shelly, dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 5.5/6)..................................................................................................................................................... 43–46

Coquina, quartzose, pale-olive (10Y 6/2); abundant echinoid 

spines and bryozoans ....................................................................................................................................... 46–55

Sand, medium to coarse, shelly; pale olive (10Y 6/2) 

grading down to medium light gray (N 6)........................................................................................................ 55–61

Base of Charles City Formation: +64 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +59 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Duplin Formation
113

HA–5–04: 2.77 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.09 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on road through 

Gap Bay, 0.35 mi northeast of road intersection at 85-ft spot elevation, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6699°N., longitude 78.1731°W.). Surface elevation 85 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Carolina Bay fill

Peat, compact, greasy, dusky-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 2/2); wood fragments* .............................................................................................................................. 1–4 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); medium yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4) grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).......................................................................................... 4–7 

Silt, soft, medium-greenish-gray (5G 5/1); lower contact abrupt ...................................................................... 7–20

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1); 

much denser than interval above...................................................................................................................... 20–22 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, olive-black (5Y 2/1); 

wood fragments................................................................................................................................................ 22–23

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)............................................................................ 23–24

Silt, sandy (very fine), shelly, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)............................................................................. 24–28 

Silt, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1); very calcareous 

but no shells ..................................................................................................................................................... 28–42

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; 

sparsely shelly; very calcareous; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1)......................................................................... 42–50

Sand, medium to coarse, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); 

phosphate granules and wood fragments ......................................................................................................... 50–56

Base of Carolina Bay fill: +81 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Windsor Formation

*Wood fragment at base of peat yielded a radiocarbon age of 2,050 ± 40 years B.P.

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2005). 
114

HA–6–04: 2.11 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.83 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on road through 

Gap Bay where road crosses the southeastern sand rim of the bay, 0.25 mi east-southeast of the Sampson and Pender 

County line, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6663°N., longitude 78.1619°W.). Surface elevation 85 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET

Dune sand

Obtained subsurface sample of sand from rim at southeastern end of 

Gap Bay for optically stimulated thermoluminescence (OSL) dating. 

Sample yielded quartz blue-light OSL age of 8,575 ± 1,420 years B.P.

(Shannon Mahan, USGS, written commun., 2005).............................................................................at 3
115

HA–7–04: 6.03 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.63 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of unnumbered road, 0.1 mi southeast of junction of that road with North Carolina State Road 1100, 0.55 mi southsouthwest of Royal Chapel, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6487°N., longitude 78.2302°W.). Surface 

elevation 64 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) over light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).............................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) 

grading at 4 ft to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)............................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6)............................................................................................................................................................ 6–8 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, pale-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 7/2); lower contact abrupt ....................................................................................................................... 8–13 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; dusky yellowish orange 

(10YR 5/6) with light-olive gray (5Y 5/2) mottles; cemented 

in top 1 in. ........................................................................................................................................................ 13–14 

Sand, fine, silty, soft, thixotropic; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down to dark greenish yellow 

(10Y 6/4) .......................................................................................................................................................... 14–27 

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey, olive-gray 

(5Y 4/2); grades down to fine, slightly silty, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1) sand .................................................................................................................. 27–42

Sand, very fine, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); 

sparse wood fragments..................................................................................................................................... 42–47

Coquina; cemented shell fragments; very hard; greenish 

gray (5G 6/1).................................................................................................................................................... 47–48

Sand, fine to medium, very shelly, dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 4/1).......................................................................................................................................................... 48–53

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation(?) 

Impenetrable hard bed........................................................................................................................................ at 53

Base of Charles City Formation: +51 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +11 ft above sea level

Bottomed on Tar Heel Formation? 
116

HA–8–04: 6.80 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.20 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of dirt road, 0.2 mi northeast of 146-ft spot elevation, 0.5 mi southeast of northwestern corner of quadrangle, in 

northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7442°N., longitude 78.2437°W.). Surface elevation 146 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, well-sorted; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

grading down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted; dark yellow (5Y 7/4) grading 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1).......................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine, slightly clayey and silty; denser than interval above; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)...................................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; very pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) ............................................................................................................................ 11–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, medium to coarse, pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 28–34

Sand; coarse to very coarse, with quartz granules and 

small pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) at 41 ft .......................................................................... 34–57

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; pale grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) grading down through dark yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................................................. 57–61

Silt, very clayey, dense, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); 

interbedded with thin layers of very fine to fine sand; 

micaceous; locally abundant lignite ................................................................................................................. 61–76

Base of dune sand: +118 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +89 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
117

Hope Mills Quadrangle

HM–1–07: 4.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.97 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1718, 0.68 mi west of North Carolina State Road 1718 overpass over Interstate 95, in 

south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9033°N., longitude 78.9463°W.). Surface elevation 167 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; brownish gray (5YR 4/1) 

grading down to dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) .......................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, silty; dusky 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) ................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subangular to angular, 

silty; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down 

to very pale orange (10YR 8/2)........................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very 

coarse; light pink (5R 8/4); scattered rounded and polished 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter ............................................................................................................. 11–22 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, sticky; weathered to grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) with pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) 

and dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles; 

lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................................ 22–23 

Clay, silty, dense, sticky, very tough, brownish-black (5YR 2/1) .................................................................... 23–26 

Base of dune sand: +161 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +145 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
118

HM–2–07: 6.40 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.56 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western rim of 

a Carolina bay, 0.07 mi southeast of North Carolina State Road 1115 and 0.27 mi northeast of intersection of North 

Carolina State Road 1115 and 1116, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9412°N., longitude 78.9872°W.). 

Surface elevation 190 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6)........................................................................ 0–4 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium; silty; clayey; grayish 

orange pink (5YR 6/2) with dark-reddish-brown (5YR 3/4) streaks

grading down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2).............................................................................................. 4–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, sticky; medium pinkish gray 

(5YR 7/1) grading down to pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) 

in basal 3 in.; lower contact abrupt ...................................................................................................................... 6–9 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, dense, stiff, very light gray 

(N 8); tough drilling ........................................................................................................................................ 9–10.5

Sand, very fine, clean, slightly silty, pale-orange (10YR 8/8); 

much softer than interval above .................................................................................................................... 10.5–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to angular, silty; yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) at 12 ft............................................................................................................................................ 11–27

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to angular, kaolinitic, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); occasional quartz granules 

and pebbles including a 2-cm-long discoid; silty clayballs

between 30 and 31 ft........................................................................................................................................ 27–35

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

permeable; dark orange (10YR 6/8) grading down to 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) at 36 ft................................................................................................................ 35–39

Clay, silty, sticky, dense; medium yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4) with medium-red (5R 4/6) mottles................................................................................................. 39–40

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, dark-orange 

(10YR 6/8)........................................................................................................................................................ 40–47

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty, 

transmissive, dark-red (5R 3/6)........................................................................................................................ 47–49
119

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine, micaceous, orange (10YR 7/8) .................................................................................................... 49–49.5

Clay, silty, light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) .............................................................................................. 49.5–50

Sand, fine, micaceous, dark-reddish-brown (10R 3/4)..................................................................................... 50–61

Base of dune sand: +179 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +141 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
120

HM–3–07: 2.02 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.50 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

unnumbered dirt road, 0.73 mi east-northeast of North Carolina State Road 2252 overpass over Interstate 95, in eastcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9403°N., longitude 78.9102°W.). Surface elevation 163 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium grained; clean; 

soft, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ............................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium grained; 

slightly silty; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .................................................................................................. 1–3 

Sand; dominantly fine but up to medium-grained; clean; 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)............................................................................................................................ 3–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium; clayey; silty; 

light brown (5YR 6/6) grading down to light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) with medium-reddish-brown (10R 4/8) mottles at 9 ft; 

tough drilling...................................................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, subangular to angular, 

pale-brown (5YR 5/2); tough drilling ............................................................................................................... 11–16

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; reddish brown (10R 6/8) 

grading down through pale reddish brown (10R 5/6) (17–18 ft) 

to dark red (5R 3/6).......................................................................................................................................... 16–19

Sand, fine to medium, silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading to grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) at 20 ft; 1-in.-thick, 

pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4) layer at base with subrounded 

to rounded quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter ........................................................................................... 19–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, tough; top 6 in. weathered to medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) then grades to dark brownish 

gray (5YR 3/1).................................................................................................................................................. 22–26 

Base of dune sand: +157 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +141 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
121

HM–4–07: 3.59 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.29 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

CSX Railroad cut at top of bluff, 0.37 mi along railroad from top border of quadrangle, in north-central 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.9957°N., longitude 78.9380°W.). Surface elevation 188 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET 

Dune sand

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) ........................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, dark-yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 1–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, clean; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

grading down to very pale grayish orange (10YR 9/4) at 6 ft............................................................................... 3–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down through light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

to medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); contains rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter ............................................................................................................... 8–10 

Sand, fine to medium, soft, clean, pale-yellowish-gray 

(5Y 9/1); possible filled paleo-groundhog burrow ........................................................................................... 10–11

Sand, very fine to dominantly fine, silty, clayey; sparse 

fine mica flakes; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 11–14

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; slightly clayey; micaceous; grayish orange (10YR 7/4) .......................................................................... 14–23

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down rapidly to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2).............................................................................. 23–24

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to medium to very 

coarse; silty; soft; dark yellow (5Y 6/6) ........................................................................................................... 24–33

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft; pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) grading down at 34 ft to white (N 8); very 

kaolinitic; abundant large mica flakes.............................................................................................................. 33–41

Sand; medium to coarse grading down in basal foot to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted, with subangular 

to subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; slightly

silty; soft; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................................................... 41–44
122

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, dark-gray (N 3); medium-light-gray (N 6), clean, 

very fine quartz-sand laminae and scattered pyrite lumps ............................................................................... 44–51

Base of dune sand: +180 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +144 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
123

Ingold Quadrangle

IG–1–05: 3.39 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.58 mi north of southern quadrangle border, behind abandoned 

house on northeastern side of North Carolina State Road 1004, 1.75 mi west-southwest of Union School, in northcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8455°N., longitude 78.3093°W.). Surface elevation 130 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty; very dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) grading down through light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) to dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6)............................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, sparsely granular and pebbly, 

dusky-yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6); lower contact gradational .......................................................................... 1–3 

Sand, fine, silty, medium-reddish-brown (10R 4/6)............................................................................................. 3–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dense, medium-lightgray (N 6)........................................................................................................................................................ 6–10.5

Silt, very clayey, dense, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1) ......................................................................................... 10.5–11

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, light-brown (5YR 5/6); 

sparse quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.7 cm in diameter .......................................................................... 11–14

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), pale-brown (5YR 6/6).............................................................................. 14–15

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, soft, thixotropic; 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down to yellowish 

white (5Y 9/1)................................................................................................................................................... 15–21

Silt, sandy (very fine); pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) with

medium-reddish-orange (10R 6/6) streaks....................................................................................................... 21–22

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, silty, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................................................................................ 22–25

Silt, clayey; pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) with 

medium-reddish-orange (10R 6/6) streaks....................................................................................................... 25–27

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6); abundant quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter 

at base .............................................................................................................................................................. 27–33

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, fine, well-sorted, thixotropic; reddish orange (10R 5/6) 

grading down to pale yellow (5Y 8/6).............................................................................................................. 33–43

Silt, very clayey, dense; pale olive gray (5Y 6/2) with darkreddish-brown (10R 3/4) mottles grading down to dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................................................................................... 43–45
124

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; silty; light olive 

brown (5Y 5/4) ................................................................................................................................................. 45–56

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) ....................................................................... 56–58

Sand, fine to medium, silty, light-olive-brown (5Y 5/4) .................................................................................. 58–61

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, micaceous, clayey, sandy (very fine), very lignitic, 

medium-greenish-gray (5G 5/1)....................................................................................................................... 61–62

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; pale grayish

orange (10YR 8/4) ......................................................................................................................................... 62–65.5

Silt, medium-greenish-gray (5G 5/1)............................................................................................................ 65.5–66

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +97 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
125

IG–2–05: 1.17 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.67 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on hillcrest north of 

North Carolina State Road 1003, 0.25 mi north of Salem Church, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8033°N.,

longitude 78.2700°W.). Surface elevation 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, clean, soft; yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular; dusky yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) grading down through pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) (4–10 ft) and very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) (10–12 ft) to grayish brown (5YR 3/2)............................................................................................. 1–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; light brown (5YR 4/2) grading 

down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2); denser than 

unit above......................................................................................................................................................... 18–22

Silt, very clayey, dense and stiff; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) with 

pale-grayish-orange (10YR 8/4) and pale-brown 

(5YR 6/6) streaks.............................................................................................................................................. 22–28

Sand, fine to medium, silty, finely micaceous; yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 28–30

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly medium; slightly silty; 

light orange (10YR 7/2) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 30–35

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

scattered clayballs and quartz granules, lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 35–39

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty, 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6); lower contact abrupt ................................................................................ 39–44

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand; fine grading down though fine to medium to medium to 

coarse; thin, clayey silt layers at 46 ft and 48 ft; dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/8) sand and yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2), clayey silt layers with 

light-brown (5YR 5/6) streaks.......................................................................................................................... 44–50
126

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2); thin 

interbeds of very lignitic, yellowish orange (5YR 7/6), fine sand, ................................................................... 50–51

Base of dune sands: +124 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +98 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River, Formation, Coharie Member: +92 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
127

IG–3–05: 4.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.95 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina State Highway 411, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7638°N., longitude 78.3230°W.). 

Surface elevation 65 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) grading down to pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–5 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2); abundant subrounded to rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter in basal foot............................................................................................. 5–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; very fine to fine interbedded with sandy (very fine) silt; 

dense; silt intervals sticky; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles......................................................................................................................... 8–11 

Silt, very clayey, stiff, dense, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1)........................................................................... 11–12

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very micaceous, darkgreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 12–18

Sand, fine to medium, micaceous, lignitic, mediumgreenish-gray (5GY 5/1)................................................................................................................................... 18–20

Silt, very clayey, massive, dense, lignitic, dark-greenishgray (5GY 3/1).................................................................................................................................................. 20–21

Base of Charles City Formation: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
128

IG–4–05: 6.87 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.20 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1135, 0.25 mi east of western quadrangle border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.7967°N., longitude 78.3700°W.). Surface elevation 

75 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to subrounded, poorly 

sorted, clean; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

grading down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)................................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, grayish-brown 

(5YR 3/2); contains subrounded quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter .............................................................................................................................................. 2–5 

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, sticky; denser 

than interval above; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) ........................................................................................ 5–8 

Sand, fine, silty; softer than interval above; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................ 8–16.5

Gravel; quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter in 

a matrix of coarse to very coarse sand; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2).......................................................................................................................................... 16.5–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous; grayish olive 

(10Y 4/2) grading rapidly down to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1).................................................................... 18–21 

Base of Charles City Formation: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
129

IG–5–08: 3.72 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.14 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern side 

of North Carolina State Road 1141, 0.21 mi west of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1142, in north-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8681°N., longitude 78.3145°W.). Surface elevation 146 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular, silty; 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) over dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (4–12 in.) ............................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular, slightly silty, 

soft; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down through 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) (2–5 ft), light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) (5–7 ft), and pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/6) (7–8 ft) to yellowish brown (10YR 5/2)............................................................................................. 1–9 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2); 

stiffer than unit above; lower contact somewhat 

gradational ........................................................................................................................................................ 9–9.5

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly clayey; 

very fine mica flakes; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2)........................................................................................ 9.5–11

Sand, fine, very clayey and silty, stiff, slightly sticky, 

yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); lower contact gradational.................................................................................. 11–16

Sand, fine, very silty, pale-pinkish-gray (5YR 9/1); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 16–18

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6); lower contact rapidly gradational...................................................................................... 18–20

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to 

angular, poorly sorted; less than 1 percent 

very fine, dark, heavy minerals; slightly silty; 

transmissive; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)......................................................................................................... 20–21

Base of dune sands: +137 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit
130

Jerome Quadrangle

JE–1–07: 0.82 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.36 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered road 100 ft west of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1002, 0.1 mi northwest of China Grove 

Church, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8567°N., longitude 78.6393°W.). Surface elevation 118 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; dusky yellowish 

orange (10YR 4/2) grading down through pale orange (10YR 7/2) 

(0.5–1.5 ft) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading down through light brown (5YR 5/6) and grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) to grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) .......................................................................................... 2–7 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; slightly silty; softer 

than interval above; very light gray (N 8); lower contact abrupt........................................................................ 7–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, stiff, orange-pink (5YR 7/4) ....................................................................................... 11–12 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (fine to medium), dense, very stiff; 

light gray (N 7) with grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) mottles................................................................................. 12–17 

Sand, medium to coarse, angular to subangular, very clayey 

and silty, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6); lower contact gradational.................................................................. 17–19 

Sand, medium to coarse, angular to subangular, clayey, 

silty, orange (10YR 7/8) ................................................................................................................................... 19–22 

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty, transmissive, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); lower contact gradational ......................................................................................... 22–30

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted; quartz granules 

abundant in basal 3 in.; pale orange (10YR 8/8) mingled 

with orange (10YR 8/7).................................................................................................................................... 30–33

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, sticky, stiff; abundant fine mica flakes; 

dark gray (N 3)................................................................................................................................................. 33–37

Base of dune sand: +107 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +85 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
131

JE–2–07: 1.36 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.35 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in field 0.11 mi 

northeast of unnumbered road, 1.0 mi west of intersection of unnumbered road with North Carolina State Road 1002

(intersection located 0.1 mi northwest of China Grove Church), in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8565°N.,

longitude 78.6483°W.). Surface elevation 

102 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; grayish brown 

(5YR 3/2) grading down through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) 

and dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) to 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................................................................ 0–3 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey; grades down to 

fine, very clayey, and silty; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ............................................................................ 3–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, medium-yellowishbrown (10YR 5/4); lower contact gradational .................................................................................................... 6–10 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, silty, soft, 

medium-yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4); lower contact gradational................................................................... 10–14 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, medium-yellowishbrown (10YR 5/4); lower contact gradational .................................................................................................. 14–19 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, soft, light-olivegray (5Y 6/1); abundant subrounded quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter; silty and clayey in basal foot...................................................................................... 19–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, stiff, dense; abundant fine mica 

flakes; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................................................................ 22–25

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, medium-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/2); fine to coarse mica flakes and scattered 

wood clasts; interbedded with dense clay layers.............................................................................................. 25–31

Base of Windsor Formation: +80 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
132

JE–3–07: 6.23 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.60 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina Highway 53, 0.20 mi north of Jerome and 0.88 mi north of intersection with North Carolina State Road 

1327, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8462°N., longitude 78.7340°W.). Surface elevation 104 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, dominantly fine, soft; dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading down to 

grayish orange (10YR 7/6).................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, dominantly fine, soft; yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down through yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) (6–9 ft) and grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) 

(9–10 ft) to very pale orange (10YR 8/2)............................................................................................................ 1–16 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, moderately stiff, darkbrownish-gray (5YR 3/1).................................................................................................................................. 16–19 

Sand, fine; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) grading 

down to grayish orange (10YR 7.5/4) at about 22 ft; 

root fragments.................................................................................................................................................. 19–28

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff; grades down to 

very fine to fine, silty, clayey sand; pale orange 

(10YR 7/2) in upper foot grading rapidly down to 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1).................................................................................................................................... 28–34

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); rounded to 

subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 34–37

Sand, coarse to very coarse, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); 

abundant subangular to subrounded quartz granules ....................................................................................... 37–38

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense; abundant fine mica 

flakes; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)........................................................................................................................ 38–41

Base of dune sand: +88 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +66 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
133

JE–4–07: 3.23 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.69 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern side 

of North Carolina State Road 1327, 1.57 mi northwest of intersection with North Carolina State Road 1325, in central

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8037°N., longitude 78.6812°W.). Surface elevation 101 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; slightly 

silty; grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; soft; 

yellowish gray (5Y 9/1) grading down through very pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) with dark-orange 

(10YR 6/8) mottles (2–3 ft) to pale pinkish gray (5YR 9/1).................................................................................. 1–8 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; soft; slightly 

humic; medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); 

lower contact abrupt........................................................................................................................................... 8–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, micaceous; top 3 in. 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1), grades down to grayish brown 

(5YR 3/2).......................................................................................................................................................... 22–25

Sand, fine to medium, silty, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 25–27

Sand; fine to coarse with coarse fraction subrounded; 

poorly sorted; slightly silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2); grades 

down to sand, medium to very coarse and granular; 

granules subangular to subrounded, very pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 7/2); kaolin ghosts of feldspar 

crystals in basal 2 ft.......................................................................................................................................... 27–36

Sand, medium to very coarse, granular, poorly sorted, 

slightly kaolinitic, transmissive, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 7/1); sparse coarse, silvery mica; less 

than 1 percent very fine, dark, heavy minerals; about

10 percent of granular fraction composed of white feldspar............................................................................ 36–44

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor(?) Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), finely micaceous, 

greenish-gray (5G 6/1); lower contact gradational........................................................................................... 44–57

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, variably clayey; 

abundant coarse, silvery mica; greenish gray (5GY 6/1).................................................................................. 57–67
134

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, poorly sorted, 

pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); abundant subrounded 

to rounded quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter ........................................................................................... 67–71

Base of dune sand: +79 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Windsor Formation (?)
135

JE–5–07: 0.67 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.83 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft northeast of 

North Carolina State Road 1325, 0.45 mi west-northwest of 103-ft elevation benchmark station, in southeastern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.7769°N., longitude 78.6367°W.). Surface elevation 100 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, silty; dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) 

grading down through dark yellow (5Y 6/6) to 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) (1–3 ft) ........................................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand, fine, clean, soft, pinkish-gray (5YR 8/1)..................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, fine to medium, humic, soft; pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) grading down to very dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/2) in basal foot .......................................................................................................................... 6–12 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/2); much denser than unit above ........................................................................................................ 12–16 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to very 

coarse; poorly sorted; slightly silty; pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) grading down to medium olive gray 

(5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 16–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark-brownishgray (5YR 3/1) to olive-gray (5Y 4/1); numerous

clasts of wood .................................................................................................................................................. 22–25

Peat, dark-brownish-gray (5YR 3/1).............................................................................................................. 25–25.5

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark-brownishgray (5YR 3/1) to olive-gray (5Y 4/1); sparse clasts of 

wood; silt and clay content decreases downward.......................................................................................... 25.5–36 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, micaceous; dark greenish 

gray (5G 3/1) grading down to dark greenish gray 

(5GY 3/1); scattered clasts of wood; increasingly 

silty and clayey downward............................................................................................................................... 36–52

Clay, silty, dense, dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); 

laminae of clean, very fine, angular, olive (10Y 5/2) sand,.............................................................................. 52–53
136

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dusky-greenish-gray 

(5GY 3/1); abundant wood fragments.............................................................................................................. 53–56

Base of dune sand: +88 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +78 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
137

JE–6–07: 5.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.40 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern side 

of North Carolina Highway 53, 0.47 mi north-northeast of 82-ft benchmark station, in southwest 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.7704°N., longitude 78.7157°W.). Surface elevation 83 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft; 1 in. of pale-brown 

(5YR 5/2) topsoil, very pale orange (10YR 8/2) below......................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft; grayish orange 

pink (5YR 7/2) grading down through yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) (3–4 ft) and very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

(4–9 ft) to medium yellow (5Y 7/6).................................................................................................................... 1–10

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky but not dense; 

dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1) grading down through

light gray (N 7) (10.5–12 ft) to light gray (N 7) 

with dark-yellow (5Y 6/6) mottles.................................................................................................................... 10–16 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense, 

finely micaceous; light gray (N 7) with dark-yellow

(5Y 6/6) mottles; grades downward to sand, very 

fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark yellow (5Y 6/6) 

with light-gray (N 7) mottles............................................................................................................................ 16–23

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to angular, poorly 

sorted, clean, pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2); 

rounded quartz granules in basal 6 in............................................................................................................... 23–29 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, dark-brownish-gray (5YR 3/1); 

thinly laminated with laminae marked by coarse 

mica flakes; sparse black wood fragments....................................................................................................... 29–36

Base of dune sand: +73 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +54 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
138

Northeast Lumberton Quadrangle

NL–1–06: 1.78 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.13 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

drainage ditch and 200 ft southwest of North Carolina State Road 1975, 0.33 mi east of junction of North Carolina 

State Roads 1975 and 1955, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6996°N., longitude 78.9061°W.). Surface 

elevation 146 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey; very dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) grading down to 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) .................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dense; 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down 

through pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) with 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles (2–4 ft) 

to pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) with 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles .......................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; pale yellowish orange 

(10YR 8/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1) streaks............................................................................................... 6–11

Sand; very fine grading down to very fine to fine; silty; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) .................................................................................................................................................... 11–14

Sand, fine to medium, silty, light-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/4)........................................................................................................................................................ 14–18 

Silt, sandy (very fine), very clayey, stiff, sticky; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1) ................................................................................................................................... 18–21

Sand, fine to medium, light-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/4)........................................................................................................................................................ 21–28 

Silt, sandy (very fine), light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1).............................................................................................. 28–30

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, very clayey and 

silty, bluish-gray (5B 6/1) ................................................................................................................................ 30–31

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, micaceous; light 

olive gray (5Y 5/2) grading to medium 

light gray (N 6) at 34 ft..................................................................................................................................... 31–36 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, very micaceous, 

light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2)................................................................................................................................ 36–36.5

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, micaceous, mediumlight-gray (N 6) ............................................................................................................................................. 36.5–42 
139

 ---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff, 

micaceous; medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) grading 

down to dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1); locally 

abundant black plant fragments ....................................................................................................................... 42–46

Base of Varina Grove unit: +115 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +104 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
140

NL–2–06: 3.88 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.08 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

road to cemetery located 0.08 mi south-southeast of North Carolina Highway 41 at junction of North Carolina Highway 

41 and North Carolina State Road 1954, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6410°N., longitude 

78.9427°W.). Surface elevation 158 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, well-sorted, clean, soft; brownish black 

(5YR 2/1) grading rapidly to greenish 

yellow (10Y 7/2) at 3 in........................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, slightly silty and clayey; 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down 

through yellowish gray (5Y 7/1), dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4), and grayish orange pink 

(5YR 6/2) to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).................................................................................................... 1–7 

Peat, sandy (very fine), greenish-black (5GY 1/1); 

abundant wood fragments* ................................................................................................................................ 7–18 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand; mostly fine but with scattered subrounded 

medium grains; silty; thixotropic; very dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6); lower contact gradational ................................................................................. 18–20 

Sand, fine, silty, thixotropic; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down through pale grayish orange 

(10YR 7/6) (22 to 23 ft) to pale yellow (5Y 8/6)............................................................................................... 20–24 

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly very fine; slightly 

silty; thixotropic; contains 1–2 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy minerals; pale yellow (5Y 8/6) grading down

through pale orange (10YR 7/2) (29–30 ft), very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2) (30–40 ft), and yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

(40–42 ft) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................... 24–43

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand; fine with scattered subrounded to rounded medium 

grains; very silty; slightly clayey; light olive (5Y 5/2); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 43–47

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, slightly clayey; dark 

greenish gray (5G 4/2) grading down to greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1) at 51 ft; lower contact gradational................................................................................................... 47–55
141

Sand, medium to coarse, dark-olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

scattered subrounded to rounded quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter............................................................................................................... 55–57

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff, very micaceous; 

bluish gray (5B 6/1) grading down to light bluish gray (5B 7/1) .................................................................. 57–58.5

Sand; fine to medium with scattered subrounded coarse grains; 

feldspathic; slightly silty and clayey; light bluish gray (5B 7/1)................................................................... 58.5–59

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff, very micaceous, 

light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1)................................................................................................................................... 59–61

Base of dune sand: +140 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +115 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +101 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Wood fragment at base of peat yielded a radiocarbon age greater than 51,800 B.P. 

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2007).
142

NL–3–06: 5.33 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.71 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of abandoned house 0.10 mi south-southeast of junction of North Carolina State Roads 1529 and 1947, in westcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6790°N., longitude 78.9683°W.). Surface elevation 139 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2) ........................................................................................... 0–1 

Peat, sandy (very fine), very dusky red (10R 2/2); 

bottoms in pine stump with turpentine odor......................................................................................................... 1–4 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, stiff; dusky yellow 

(5Y 5/4) with pale-reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles............................................................................................ 4–6 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded; 

clayey and silty grading down to silty; pale 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down at 7 ft 

to bright reddish orange (10R 6/8) ..................................................................................................................... 6–11 

Sand; fine to medium with scattered coarse to very 

coarse grains; subrounded to subangular; slightly 

silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................................................... 11–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty; light olive brown 

(5Y 5/6) grading down to grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) 

at 25 ft; shell fragments and lime-cemented nodules....................................................................................... 23–27

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty; pale olive 

(10Y 6/2) grading to medium bluish gray (5B 5/1) 

at 28 ft; very shelly including Mulinia congesta; 

subrounded quartz granules abundant in basal 2 ft .......................................................................................... 27–35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to very fine to 

medium; subangular to angular; poorly sorted; silty; 

very micaceous; dense; light gray (N 7) grading 

down to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) at about 36 ft ............................................................................................... 35–38

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff, 

carbonaceous; medium greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

grading down to dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1); 

contains 0.5-cm-diameter waxy clayballs........................................................................................................ 38–41

Base of Varina Grove unit: +116 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +104 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
143

NL–4–06: 3.45 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.20 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

abandoned house 0.05 mi south-southwest of junction of North Carolina State Roads 1932 and 1977, in north-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7296°N., longitude 78.9352°W.). Surface elevation 145 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to subrounded, silty, 

clayey; dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) grading down to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, silty, 

clayey, stiff; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading down to light gray (N 7) with lightyellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) mottles ................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to subrounded, silty, 

clayey, stiff, dense; brownish gray (5YR 4/1) 

grading down to grayish brown (5YR 4/2)......................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; subangular to subrounded; slightly silty; 

grayish brown (5YR 4/2) .................................................................................................................................. 11–17

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, light-yellowishorange (10YR 7/8); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................. 17–20

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, brightyellowish-orange (10YR 6/8); scattered 

clayballs up to 0.5 cm in diameter ................................................................................................................... 20–21

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

medium-gray (N 5); lower contact gradational ................................................................................................ 21–24

Silt, very clayey, stiff, very dense, mediumgray (N 5)......................................................................................................................................................... 24–26 

Silt, very clayey, stiff, very dense, 

carbonaceous; greasy luster; dark brownish 

gray (5YR 3/1); lower contact gradational........................................................................................................ 26–28
144

Silt, very clayey, stiff, very dense, mediumolive-gray (5Y 5/1)........................................................................................................................................... 28–31

Base of Varina Grove unit: +128 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +124 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
145

Roseboro Quadrangle

RB–1–05: 1.21 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.26 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina Highway 242, 1.4 mi south-southeast of Mill Creek Church, in southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.9077°N., longitude 78.5212°W.). Surface elevation 135 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean; dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 2/2) grading rapidly to light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) grading down through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) (2–5 ft) and pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

(5–17 ft) to orange (10YR 7/8)........................................................................................................................... 1–18 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down through pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) (18.5–26 ft) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)...................................................................................... 18–29

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to medium to 

coarse; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading in 

basal foot to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................... 29–34

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, micaceous, lignitic, 

stiff, dense; interbedded with clayey, very 

fine, sandy silt; dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1).................................................................................................. 34–46

Base of dune sand: +117 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +101 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
146

RB–2–05: 1.09 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.15 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southeastern

side of North Carolina State Road 1401, 0.15 mi west-southwest of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1401 and 

1002, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9789°N., longitude 78.5187°W.). Surface elevation 132 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, light-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; 

clayey; silty; stiff; dense; light brown (5YR 6/6).................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, granular, 

light-brown (5YR 56/6) ........................................................................................................................................ 6–8 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, stiff; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) at 11 ft.................................................................................................................. 8–15 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 15–21 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, pebbly; pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ............................................................................................................................................ 21–24 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine); interbedded with very fine, 

silty sand; micaceous; lignitic; stiff; dark

greenish gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 24–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +108 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
147

RB–3–05: 3.54 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.30 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of North Carolina State Road 1255 on western side of cemetery, 1.1 mi northwest of intersection of North Carolina 

State Road 1255 and 1246, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9375°N., longitude 78.5617°W.). Surface elevation 

128 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) grading rapidly 

to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6).............................................................................................. 1–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, very fine to fine sandy, stiff, yellowishgray (5Y 7/2) ........................................................................................................................................................ 5–6 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) with sparse reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles....................................................................................... 6–13

Sand; fine to medium grading rapidly down to medium to 

coarse; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down through 

orange (10YR 7/8) (16–20 ft) and through light 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) (20–26 ft), returning to orange 

(10YR 7/8)........................................................................................................................................................ 13–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, micaceous; upper 6 in. weathered

to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2); 

dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) below ................................................................................................................ 28–31

Base of dune sand: +123 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +100 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
148

RB–4–05: 5.84 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.42 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of North Carolina State Road 2040 on western side of cemetery, 1.25 mi west of Beaver Dam School, in southwest 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8956°N., longitude 78.6023°W.). Surface elevation 117 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, soft, humic, dusky-yellowishbrown (10YR 2/2)................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium; soft; 

pale orange (10YR 7/2) grading down to light 

grayish brown (5YR 4/2) ...................................................................................................................................... 1–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, very pale brown (5YR 6/2)............................................................................................ 5–6 

Silt, clayey, stiff and dense; dark grayish orange 

(10YR 5/6) grading down to dark grayish orange 

(10YR 5/6) with pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2) mottles....................................................................................... 6–11

Sand; very fine grading down through fine to medium 

and medium to coarse to medium to very coarse;, 

subangular to subrounded; silty; clayey; micaceous; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading rapidly down 

through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) (23–24 ft) 

to orange (10YR 7/8); locally abundant quartz 

granules and small pebbles ............................................................................................................................. 11–26

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, micaceous, very lignitic, darkgreenish-gray (5GY 3/1); thin lenses of 

micaceous, fine sand below 29 ft ..................................................................................................................... 26–31

Base of dune sand: +112 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +91 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
149

RB–5–05: 6.22 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.48 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

power line south of (and parallel to) North Carolina Highway 24, 0.9 mi east of western quadrangle boundary, in 

northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9837°N., longitude 78.6089°W.). Surface elevation 145 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through pale 

orange (10YR 7/2) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).............................................................................................. 0–6 

Sand, fine to medium; pale orange (10YR 7/2) grading down

through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (8–10 ft), 

back to pale orange (10YR 7/2) (10–11 ft), and 

then to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) .......................................................................................................... 6–13 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)................................................................................... 13–21 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to medium to coarse; 

subangular; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 21–24 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, poorly sorted, 

silty, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)........................................................................................................................... 24–34

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, poorly sorted, 

silty; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to grayish 

yellow (5Y 7/4); abundant rounded quartz granules and 

small pebbles.................................................................................................................................................... 34–36

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, micaceous, sparsely lignitic, dense, 

sticky, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1)............................................................................................................... 36–46 

Base of dune sand: +132 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +109 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
150

RB–6–08: 1.21 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.26 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southeastern

side of dirt road, 0.05 mi northeast of North Carolina Highway 210 and 0.14 mi north of Evergreen Church, westcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9492°N., longitude 78.6205°W.). Surface elevation 117 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6); one large, subrounded, elongate 

quartz granule at base........................................................................................................................................... 0–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, dense, 

yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6); lower contact somewhat 

gradational ........................................................................................................................................................... 5–7 

Sand, very fine to fine, very clayey, silty, stiff; very light 

gray (N 8) with light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles; lower contact 

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 7–8 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly clayey; very 

light gray (N 8) grading down to pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) with dark-orange (10YR 6/8) mottles; lower contact 

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 8–9 

Sand, fine to very coarse, subangular to angular, very 

poorly sorted, silty, soft; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

with pale-grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) mottles..................................................................................................... 9–11

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to angular, poorly sorted, 

silty, soft; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down 

to medium orange (10YR 7/8) at 13 ft; lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 11–20

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to angular, 

poorly sorted, medium-orange (10YR 7/8); contains 

rounded to subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter ........................................................................................................................................................ 20–22.5

Sand, fine, well-sorted; 2–5 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy mineral grains; pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) with

pale-olive (10Y 6/2) streaks........................................................................................................................... 22.5–23

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to angular, 

poorly sorted; medium orange (10YR 7/4) grading 

down through very pale orange (10YR 8/2) to bright 

orange (10YR 6/8); contains rounded to subrounded quartz 

pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter ..................................................................................................................... 23–25.5
151

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, very micaceous; weathered dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) at top, dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1) 

beneath; laminae of clean, very fine sand ..................................................................................................... 25.5–26 

Base of dune sand: +112 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +91.5 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
152

RB–7–08: 2.38 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.05 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at crest of small 

hill on southern side of unnumbered dirt road, 0.6 mi southeast of junction of unnumbered dirt road with North 

Carolina State Road 1246, on boundary between central and east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9192°N.,

longitude 78.5414°W.). Surface elevation 125 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/6); lower contact gradational...................................................................................................... 0–4 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium, 

dominantly fine; soft; pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)....................................................................................... 4–11 

Sand, fine to medium, soft, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................... 11–12

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, stiff, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................. 12–14

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, silty, stiff, 

pale-grayish-orange pink (5YR 8/2); clay and silt 

content decreases downward............................................................................................................................ 14–21

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, 

silty, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6); contains 

subangular to subrounded granules.................................................................................................................. 21–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, dense, sticky, silty; weathered yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/2) at top but grades rapidly down 

to dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) at 22.5 ft; sparse fine

mica and very fine quartz-sand laminae........................................................................................................... 22–25

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine; silty; 

clayey; locally woody; abundant coarse mica; 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down through 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) with streaks of 

medium orange (10YR 7/8) and bright orange 

(10YR 6/8) to all medium orange (10YR 7/8)................................................................................................... 25–31

Base of dune sand: +113 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +103 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
153

Rose Hill Quadrangle

RH–1–04: 1.55 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.41 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

road leading to old quarry, 0.3 mi south of North Carolina State Road 1148, 1.55 mi west of eastern quadrangle 

boundary, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7997°N., longitude 78.0273°W.). Surface elevation 70 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dark-yellowishbrown (10YR 3/2)................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 1–5 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/1) ................................................................................................................................................................ 5–6 

Sand, fine to medium, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................... 6–9 

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty, mediumolive-gray (5Y 5/1)............................................................................................................................................. 9–16 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, lightolive-brown (5Y 5/4); abundant shell fragments.............................................................................................. 16–17

Calcarenite, medium to coarse, weathered, soft, 

crumbly, light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) .................................................................................................... 17–18

Calcarenite, medium to coarse, quartzose, soft, 

crumbly, light-greenish-gray (5GY 7/1); abundant shell 

fragments and echinoid spines; phosphate pebble 

1 cm in diameter at base*................................................................................................................................. 18–26

Calcarenite, fine, silty, medium-greenish-gray 

(5GY 5/1); medium to coarse quartz -sand grains 

in basal 6 in. ..................................................................................................................................................... 26–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine, silty, micaceous, dark-greenishgray (5GY 3/1).................................................................................................................................................. 28–41 
154

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, sparsely 

shelly, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1)............................................................................................................... 41–46

Base of Charles City Formation: +54 ft above sea level

Base of Castle Hayne Limestone: +42 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation

*Eocene calcareous nannofossil assemblage recovered at 23 ft

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
155

RH–2–04: 2.63 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.44 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

dirt road leading south from North Carolina State Road 1177, 0.3 mi south of southern end of Johnsons Lake dam, in 

north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8579°N., longitude 78.0459°W.). Surface elevation 100 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation, barrier sand facies

Sand, medium, clean, medium-grayish-orangepink (5YR 8/2)...................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down through dusky brown (5YR 2/1) (2–5 ft) 

to dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) .................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Windsor Formation, back-barrier facies

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1).............................................................................................. 6–13

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, medium-lightgray (N 6)......................................................................................................................................................... 13–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) ................................................................................ 15–15.5

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, massive, olivegray (5Y 5/1); phosphate pebbles up to 2 cm in 

diameter at basal contact............................................................................................................................... 15.5–39

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, dense, massive, light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2); 

contains sparse nodules.................................................................................................................................... 39–41

Base of Windsor Formation, barrier sand facies: +94 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation, back-barrier facies: +85 ft above sea level

Base of Bladen Formation: +61 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
156

RH–3–04: 6.89 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.84 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at abandoned home 

site on southeastern side of North Carolina State Road 1102, 0.05 mi south of intersection of North Carolina State Road 

1102 and 1126, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8058°N., longitude 78.12005°W.). Surface elevation 

90 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Artificial fill ......................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand; very fine to fine with minor medium to coarse grains; 

silty; clayey; stiff; dense; light brown (5YR 5/6) grading down

through yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) (3–6 ft) to light brown 

(5YR 5/6); thin layers of very clayey silt at 9 ft and 14 ft .................................................................................. 1–14 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6); contains a light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2), very 

clayey silt lens at 18 ft...................................................................................................................................... 14–21

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dense, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1).................................................................................................................................................. 21–30

Sand; varies from fine to medium to medium to coarse; 

silty; clayey; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)...................................................................................................... 30–48

Sand, medium, silty, shelly, light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2); 

quartz granules and sparse phosphate sand* .................................................................................................... 48–51 

Base of Windsor Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Recovered Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil 

Zone CC 21 assemblage at 50 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
157

RH–4–04: 3.90 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.43 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

North Carolina State Road 1135, 0.35 mi west-southwest of Providence Church, in south-central 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.7710°N., longitude 78.0681°W.). Surface elevation 75 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 

grading down through light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) (1–5 ft) 

to dark yellowish gray (5Y 7/1)............................................................................................................................ 0–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine; slightly silty 

and clayey; grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) grading rapidly 

down to dark grayish olive green (5GY 2/2) at 7 ft............................................................................................ 6–27

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark-grayish-olivegreen (5GY 2/2); sparsely shelly below 30 ft; pyrite 

nodules at 33 ft* ............................................................................................................................................... 27–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Recovered Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil 

Zone CC 21 assemblage at 33 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
158

RH–5–04: 1.48 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.07 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in field on western

side of North Carolina State Road 1915, 0.25 mi northwest of bridge over Beaverdam Creek, in northeastern 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.8670°N., longitude 78.0255°W.). Surface elevation 80 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand; fine with scattered rounded, medium to coarse 

grains; slightly silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down

through dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) (4–5 ft) 

to medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ........................................................................................................... 1–7 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, very clayey and silty, 

sticky, soft, light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2) ................................................................................................................. 7–10 

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey, light-olivegray (5Y 5/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 10–14 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty and clayey, olivegray (5Y 3/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 14–16

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1); sparse wood chips .................................................................................................................. 16–19

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1); sparse wood chips .................................................................................................................. 19–21

Sand, fine to medium, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); 

interbedded with very clayey and silty, very fine 

sand; micaceous............................................................................................................................................... 21–30

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Calcarenite, very fine, very clayey, dense, stiff, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); interbedded with 

scattered lenses of fine sand............................................................................................................................. 30–39

Calcarenite, fine to medium, locally very clayey; 

chalky shells; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) .................................................................................................... 39–43
159

Calcarenite, very fine, dense, very clayey and silty, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); sparse rotten shells 

scattered throughout; sparse wood chips.......................................................................................................... 43–51

Base of Charles City Formation: +73 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +50 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Castle Hayne Limestone
160

RH–6–04: 1.12 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.14 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

far northeastern end of dirt road, 0.05 mi west of Seaboard Railroad Line, 0.35 mi southeast of abandoned quarry, in 

east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7956°N., longitude 78.0190°W.). Surface elevation 74 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City and Windsor Formations (undivided) 

Sand, silty, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1); not logged 

in detail; sparsely shelly below 49 ft; abrupt basal 

contact................................................................................................................................................................ 0–59

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, shelly, olive-gray

(5Y 4/2); contains lumps of limestone up to 5 cm 

in diameter; basal lag bed present .................................................................................................................... 59–63

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, fine, well-sorted, quartzose, sparsely shelly, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1) to dark-grayish-green (5GY 4/2) ...................................................................... 63–71 

Base of Charles City Formation: (not determined)

Base of Windsor Formation: +15 ft above sea level

Base of Donoho Creek Formation: +11 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
161

RH–7–04: 2.63 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.44 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.5 mi westsouthwest of RH–6–04 on southeastern side of road, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7923°N., longitude 

78.0262°W.). Surface elevation 74 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, silty; not logged in detail.......................................................................................................................... 0–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; grading down

to medium to coarse at base; very calcareous; silty; 

clayey; very dense; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1).................................................................................................... 23–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +51 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
162

RH–8–04: 1.31 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.03 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.25 mi westsouthwest of RH–6–04 on northwestern side of road, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7942°N., longitude 

78.0227°W.). Surface elevation 74 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, silty and clayey; not logged in detail........................................................................................................ 0–13

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)......................................................................................................... 13–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dense, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 17–26

Base of Charles City Formation: +61 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
163

RH–9–04: 0.04 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.23 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at northwestern

corner of field, 1.05 mi east-northeast of RH–6–04, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7972°N., longitude 

78.0006°W.). Surface elevation 76 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, silty and clayey; not logged in detail........................................................................................................ 0–10

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, sparsely shelly, dark-greenishgray (5G 4/1)*.................................................................................................................................................. 10–21

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, silty, 

dense, olive-gray (5Y 3/1.5); local pyrite nodules* .......................................................................................... 21–47

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, silty, 

dense, olive-gray (5Y 3/2); sparse shells 

and abundant limestone nodules reworked 

from unit below................................................................................................................................................ 47–48

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, very fine; more clayey than unit above; 

dense; very fine mica and small pyrite nodules; 

olive gray (5Y 4/1) grading down to dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)*........................................................................ 48–51 

Base of Charles City Formation: +66 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +55 ft above sea level

Base of Donoho Creek Formation: +28 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Recovered calcareous nannofossils, including Pliocene to Pleistocene

Gephyrocapsa at 19 ft, an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Zone 

CC 22a/b assemblage at 29 ft, and an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) 

Zone CC 21 assemblage at 50 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
164

RH–10–04: 0.69 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.59 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at end of farm 

road shown on map on eastern side of U.S. Highway 117, 0.6 mi northeast of RH–6–04 and just south of closed 80-ft 

contour around small hill, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8023°N., longitude 78.0118°W.). Surface 

elevation 79 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, silty and clayey; not logged in detail........................................................................................................ 0–13

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clayey, silty, 

dense, olive-gray (5Y 3/1.5); local pyrite nodules............................................................................................ 13–21

Base of Charles City Formation: +66 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
165

RH–11–04: 0.32 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.64 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at site of old 

chicken coops on southern side of Island Creek, 0.7 mi east-northeast of lookout tower on northeastern side of Rose 

Hill, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8322°N., longitude 78.0056°W.). Surface elevation 86 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, silty and clayey; not logged in detail........................................................................................................ 0–13

Silt, clayey, dark-greenish-gray (5G 4/1)......................................................................................................... 13–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, stiff, darkolive-gray (5Y 3/1)........................................................................................................................................... 17–26

Base of Windsor Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
166

RH–12–04: 0.41 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.03 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side 

of abandoned house on northern side of Island Creek, 0.8 mi northeast of lookout tower on northeastern side of Rose 

Hill, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8378°N., longitude 78.0069°W.). Surface elevation 87 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, silty and clayey; not logged in detail........................................................................................................ 0–13

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1); shelly 

in basal foot, including thick oyster-shell fragment......................................................................................... 13–19 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, fine, clayey, dense, sparsely shelly, 

olive-gray (5Y 3/2)........................................................................................................................................... 19–36

Base of Windsor Formation: +74 ft above sea level

Base of Donoho Creek Formation: +68 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation 
167

RH–13–04: 0.47 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.91 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.15 mi southsouthwest of RH–12–04, 300 ft west of upstream end of a small ponded segment of Island Creek, in northeastern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.8359°N., longitude 78.0079°W.). Surface elevation 67 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Alluvium

Sand, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); not logged in detail.......................................................................................... 0–10 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, fine, shelly, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) ................................................................................................... 10–31 

Calcarenite, fine to medium, shelly, dark-green 

(5G 4/2); abundant quartz, glauconite, and phosphate sand............................................................................. 31–36

Calcarenite, fine, olive-gray (5Y 3/2)*............................................................................................................. 36–49

Calcarenite, fine, very shelly, olive-gray (5Y 3/2) ........................................................................................... 49–51

Base of alluvium: +57 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Recovered an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil Zone 

CC 21 assemblage at 40 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
168

RH–14–04: 6.07 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.07 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.05 mi east of 

junction of dirt road (at 81-ft spot elevation) with North Carolina State Road 1133, 1.35 mi northwest of Friendship 

Church, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7945°N., longitude 78.1062°W.). Surface elevation 80 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, varicolored; not logged in detail ................................................................................... 0–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to medium to coarse 

near base; finely micaceous; silty; clayey; dense; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................................................................................... 11–14

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, dense; glauconite sand 

abundant near top (probably in burrows from unit above); 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) with dark-grayish-green 

(10GY 4/2), glauconite-rich areas .................................................................................................................... 14–21 

Sand, mostly fine; interbedded with very clayey silt; 

dense; tough; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); lignite 

in clayey silt in basal foot ................................................................................................................................ 21–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Base of Bladen Formation: +66 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
169

RH–15–04: 6.00 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.78 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.1 mi west of 

bridge over Taylors Creek on northern side of North Carolina State Road 1102, 0.8 mi east of Brices Crossroads, in 

west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8194°N., longitude 78.0874°W.). Surface elevation 72 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine, varicolored; no basal contact; probably 

residuum; not logged in detail.............................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, dark-grayish-green (10GY 4/2); 

clayey and lignitic in basal foot ......................................................................................................................... 6–21

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
170

RH–16–04: 0.98 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.87 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at northeastern

end of limestone quarry too new to be shown on map, 0.15 mi north-northeast of intersection of North Carolina State 

Road 1915 and 1911, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8640°N., longitude 78.0170°W.). Surface elevation 

80 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Disturbed earth..................................................................................................................................................... 0–4 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 3/2); 

contains abundant root fragments ........................................................................................................................ 4–6 

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey; light grayish 

olive (10Y 5/2) grading down through medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1) to dark olive gray (5Y 2/2)......................................................................................................... 6–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Calcarenite, fine to medium, medium-olive-gray 

(5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 11–52

(Owner drilled site prior to opening pit and reports that 

limestone extends down to depth of 90 ft) ....................................................................................................... 52–90

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

(Owner reports that limestone is underlain by at least 

4 ft of sandstone).............................................................................................................................................. 90–94

Base of Charles City Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Base of Castle Hayne Limestone: -10 ft below sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
171

RH–17–04: 3.23 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.53 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.2 mi beyond 

western-southwestern end of North Carolina State Road 1142, on northwestern side of road at western edge of field, 1.4 

mi northwest of Lake Tut, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8158°N., longitude 78.0563°W.). Surface elevation 

90 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, humic, silty; dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) grading down to dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/4)........................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, humic, silty, medium-brownish-gray 

(5YR 5/1); roots abundant in basal foot............................................................................................................... 1–4 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey; grades down to 

very fine, silty sand; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)...................................................................................................... 4–8 

Sand, very fine, silty; grades down to fine to medium 

at base; orange pink (10R 6/4) grading down rapidly 

to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) at 9 ft............................................................................................................... 8–18 

Sand, fine, silty, shelly, pale-olive-gray (5Y 6/2) ............................................................................................ 18–20

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Calcarenite, fine, sparsely shelly; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) 

grading down to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) at 40 ft* .................................................................................. 20–51

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, micaceous, lignitic; thin 

interbeds of fine sand; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) ....................................................................................... 51–55

Sand, very fine, silty, micaceous, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1)..................................................................... 55–61

Base of Windsor Formation: +70 ft above sea level

Base of Donoho Creek Formation: +39 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Recovered an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil Zone 

CC 22 assemblage at 24 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
172

RH–18–04: 4.20 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.95 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side 

of North Carolina State Road 1123, 0.25 mi west-northwest of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1123 and 

1103, 1.2 mi southwest of Johnsons Lake, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8507°N., longitude 

78.0736°W.). Surface elevation 125 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, grayish-yellow (5Y 8/4) ............................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; very fine, dark, heavy minerals 

below 4-ft depth; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to pale grayish orange 

(5YR 8/2).............................................................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium grains; 

thixotropic; pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2); 

lower contact gradational..................................................................................................................................... 6–9 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense, very 

light gray (N 8)................................................................................................................................................... 9–11 

Sand;fine grading down through fine to medium to 

medium to coarse; very light gray (N 8) .......................................................................................................... 11–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, very fine, very silty; sparse shells in basal 

4 ft; small quartz discoid 1 cm in maximum 

diameter on basal contact; pale brown (5YR 6/6) 

grading down through dark greenish gray (5G 3/1) 

(18–24 ft) to dark greenish gray (5G 4/1)........................................................................................................ 17–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, fine, quartzose, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

much denser than unit above............................................................................................................................ 28–41

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +108 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +97 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
173

RH–19–08: 1.41 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.18 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft north of 

northern side of North Carolina State Road 1147, 0.16 mi east of intersection of North Carolina State Road 1147 with 

U.S. Highway 117, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8396°N., longitude 78.0242°W.). Surface elevation 

100 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation, barrier sand facies

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6); plinthite nodules

at 5-ft depth.......................................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey, thixotropic, 

grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) ................................................................................................................................ 6–7.5

Windsor Formation, back-barrier facies

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, sticky; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) with moderatereddish-brown (10R 4/6) streaks grading down 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................. 7.5–9 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) .............................................................................................................................................. 9–16 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to pale olive 

brown (10Y 5/6) ............................................................................................................................................... 16–18 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, lightyellowish-brown (10YR 6/4)............................................................................................................................ 18–19

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, shelly, 

medium-greenish-gray (5G 5/1)*..................................................................................................................... 19–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 24–26

Base of Windsor Formation, barrier sand facies: +92.5 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation, back barrier facies: +76 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Mollusk taxa listed in appendix 3. 
174

RH–20–08: 0.62 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.0 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of right-angle bend in North Carolina State Road 1149, 0.30 mi southwest of main railroad crossing in Teachey, in 

southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7645°N., longitude 78.0108°W.). Surface elevation 69 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; 

olive gray (5Y 4/2) grading down through

olive gray (5Y 4.5/2) (2–4 ft) and through 

light olive brown (5Y 5/4) (4–4.5 ft) back 

to olive gray (5Y 4/2) ........................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Silt, very clayey, stiff, sticky; yellowish orange 

(10YR 5/6) with light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) streaks

grading to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)........................................................................................................ 6–9 

Sand, very fine to fine, well-sorted, silty, mediumgreenish-gray (5GY 5/1); contains approximately 

1 percent very fine, dark, heavy minerals .......................................................................................................... 9–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium, 

dominantly fine; silty; dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1); medium fraction subrounded to 

rounded* .......................................................................................................................................................... 11–23 

Sand, fine, silty, variably clayey, micaceous, 

calcareous, dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1); 

sparse thin oyster shells*.................................................................................................................................. 23–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +58 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation

*Recovered an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil 

Zone CC 22c(?) assemblage at 23 ft and a Zone CC 22a/b assemblage 

at 40 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2008). 
175

RH–21–08: 7.18 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.00 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft north of 

intersection of unnumbered dirt road and North Carolina State Road 1117, 0.05 mi east of western quadrangle border, 

in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8661°N., longitude 78.1240°W.). Surface elevation 118 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, clean, light-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/4)................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 1–3 

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, pale-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/2); lower contact gradational ...................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty; pale 

orange (10YR 7/2) grading down to very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2) ................................................................................................................................................ 6–9 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, clayey, 

silty, stiff, sticky; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) ...................................................................................................................................................... 9–11

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, very 

silty, slightly clayey, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6) ........................................................................................................................................................ 11–15 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; silty; 

clayey; medium orange (10YR 7/8) ................................................................................................................. 15–17 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey, 

medium-brown (5YR 4/6); abundant rounded 

quartz granules................................................................................................................................................. 17–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine, silty, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6.5/6); 

grades down to very fine to fine, micaceous, silty, 

pale-brown (5YR 6/6) sand............................................................................................................................... 18–31

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, micaceous, darkolive-gray (5Y 3/1); grades down to very 

fine, clayey, silty, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1) sand; 

stringers of light-gray (N 7), very fine sand ..................................................................................................... 31–41

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +100 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
176

Rowan Quadrangle

RO–1–08: 5.64 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.99 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

unnumbered dirt road 0.42 mi north-northwest of Salem Cemetery, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.5142°N., longitude 78.3476°W.). Surface elevation 50 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) grading rapidly down to dark 

orange (10YR 6/8) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) grading down through brown (5YR 4/2)

(1.5–2 ft), pale grayish orange pink (5YR 8/2) (2–2.5 ft), 

pale brown (5YR 6/2) (2.5–3.5 ft), yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) (3.5–6 ft), and medium brown (5YR 4/4) 

(6–8 ft) to medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1)..................................................................................................... 1–11

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; slightly feldspathic; 

slightly silty; thixotropic; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ........................................................................................... 11–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Shirley Formation

Sand; fine to medium with some coarse grains; 

angular to subangular; slightly micaceous; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2); subrounded to 

rounded quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.5 cm 

in diameter increasing in abundance downward .............................................................................................. 17–32

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

medium-olive-gray (5Y 5/1); wood fragments................................................................................................. 32–36

Sand, dominantly very fine to fine, silty, 

very clayey, micaceous, stiff, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/1); carbonized wood streaks................................................................................................................... 36–39

Silt, sandy (very fine), very clayey, dense, darkolive-gray (5Y 3/1)........................................................................................................................................... 39–40

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, dense; 

dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) grading down in basal 

foot to dark grayish green (10G 5/2); rounded, 

dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) wood clasts up to 3 cm 

in diameter concentrated at base ...................................................................................................................... 40–44 
177

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, very clayey; olive gray 

(5Y 4/1) grading down to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)........................................................................................... 44–45 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, slightly 

micaceous, dense, olive-gray (5Y 4/1) ............................................................................................................. 45–46

Base of dune sand: +33 ft above sea level

Base of Shirley Formation: +18 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +6 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
178

RO–2–08: 5.27 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.71 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southeastern

corner of sharp turn in unnumbered dirt road, 0.56 mi west-southwest of the “C” in “Camp Bay” label on map, in westcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5686°N., longitude 78.3501°W.). Surface elevation 45 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

soft, slightly silty; pale brown (5YR 5/2) grading 

down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) with 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles .......................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

soft, slightly silty, yellowish-gray (5Y 7/4); abrupt 

basal contact......................................................................................................................................................... 1–4 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Shirley Formation

Sand; very fine to medium, dominantly fine; 

silty grading down to silty and clayey; dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2); roots ...................................................................................................................... 4–6 

Sand, very fine to medium; medium fraction 

subrounded; humic; dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 2/2); abundant dark–reddish-brown (5YR 3/4) roots............................................................................... 6–11

Sand, very fine to medium; fine fraction angular 

and medium fraction angular to subrounded; slightly 

silty; humic; medium brown (5YR 3.5/4) grading 

down to dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2)....................................................................................................... 11–26

Sand, fine to coarse, angular to subangular, 

slightly silty; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down to olive gray (5Y 4/2); 

sparse subangular to subrounded quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter ........................................................................................................................ 26–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Silt, clayey, micaceous, dark-greenish-gray 

(5GY 3/1); interbedded with thin laminae of 

clean, very fine to fine sand ............................................................................................................................. 28–34 

Sand, very fine, silty, micaceous, dark-greenishgray (5GY 3/1); dusky-brown (5YR 2/2) 

wood clast at 35 ft............................................................................................................................................ 34–38
179

Sand, fine to coarse, subrounded, dark-greenishgray (5GY 3/1); clayey and silty at top but cleaner 

downward; fine to medium glauconite grains; 

probably near base of unit................................................................................................................................ 38–41 

Base of dune sand: +41 ft above sea level

Base of Shirley Formation: +17 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
180

RO–3–08: 5.26 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.01 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

sharp bend in unnumbered dirt road, 0.18 mi north-northwest of the “C” in “Camp Bay” label on map, in west-central 

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5726°N., longitude 78.3417°W.). Surface elevation 67 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

clean, soft; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) 

grading down through grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) 

to dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) .................................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

clean, soft, very humic; abundant roots; very 

dark red (10YR 1/2); lower contact gradational ................................................................................................. 2–11 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

clean, soft, dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/5)................................................................................................. 11–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand; very fine to fine, grades down to fine to 

medium; clayey; silty; slightly sticky; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) ........................................................................................................................................... 15–18

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, clayey, 

silty, slightly sticky; brownish gray (5YR 4/1) 

intermingled with light olive gray (5Y 6/2); 

lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................................................ 18–22

Sand, fine to very coarse, subangular to subrounded, 

very poorly sorted, clean to slightly silty, soft; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down 

to pale yellowish brown (10YR 5/2)................................................................................................................. 22–26

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); subrounded quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter increasingly 

abundant downward ......................................................................................................................................... 26–31

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand; very fine grading down to very fine to fine; 

clayey; silty; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 31–39
181 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); scattered 

dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) lignite fragments ..................................................................................... 39–41 

Base of dune sand: +52 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +36 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
182

RO–4–08: 3.50 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.93 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft southwest of 

North Carolina Highway 210, 1.68 mi due south of northern quadrangle border, in north-central 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.5989°N., longitude 78.3094°W.). Surface elevation 33 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Shirley Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted; scattered subrounded 

to rounded medium grains; slightly silty; micaceous; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading rapidly 

down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4).............................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; dusky 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 1–5 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, stiff, sticky, yellowishbrown (10YR 5/2)................................................................................................................................................. 5–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty; pale 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down through dark 

orange (10YR 6/8) to brown (10YR 4/6)............................................................................................................... 6–9 

Clay, silty, dark-orange (10YR 6/8); 2 in. thick ................................................................................................... at 9

Sand, medium to coarse, clean; very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) grading down to pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2).......................................................................................................................................................... 9–10

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Silt, clayey, sticky, woody; grayish brown 

(5YR 3/2) grading down to medium grayish 

brown (5YR 4/2); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................... 10–12 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, yellowish-brown 

(10YR 5/2); coarsens down to layer below....................................................................................................... 12–20 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, yellowishbrown (10YR 5/2); gravelly with subrounded to rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter ............................................................................................................. 20–23 
183

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1); 

lumps of dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) lignite ....................................................................................... 23–26

Base of Shirley Formation: +23 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +10 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
184

RO–5–08: 2.12 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.06 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at end of 

unnumbered dirt road 0.18 mi north of North Carolina State Road 1548, 0.47 mi northwest of intersection of North 

Carolina State Road 1548 and North Carolina Highway 210 in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5298°N.,

longitude 78.2867°W.). Surface elevation 35 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Shirley Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, stiff; yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................................ 0–1 

Silt, very clayey, stiff, sticky, dense; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles

grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) with 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles; lower contact

somewhat gradational .......................................................................................................................................... 1–7 

Silt, very clayey, stiff, sticky, dense; pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) grading down to very pale brown 

(5YR 6/2).............................................................................................................................................................. 7–9 

Peat, silty, dusky-yellowish-brown (5YR 1/2); 

abundant wood fragments.................................................................................................................................. 9–11

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse 

with rounded quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.5 cm 

in diameter; silty; soft; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) grading down to dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2)........................................................................................................................................................ 11–23 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium grains; 

silty; clayey; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1); 

small lumps of clay .......................................................................................................................................... 23–26

Base of Shirley Formation: +12 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
185

RO–6–08: 2.28 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.58 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 300 ft southwest of 

unnumbered road along northeast rim of Big Bay, 0.10 mi northwest of Moore Swamp Church, in east-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.5521°N., longitude 78.2898°W.). Surface elevation 58 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft; grayish brown 

(5YR 3/2) with yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2) mottles grading 

down to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) with darkyellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) mottles ................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, soft, humic; pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down through 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (4–5 ft) to 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2)...................................................................................................................... 1–5.5

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very humic; dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading down to dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) ............................................................................................................................. 5.5–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, fine, silty, humic, yellowish-brown (10YR 3/2) ...................................................................................... 8–8.5

Sand, fine to medium, silty, humic; light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) (9–9.5 ft), dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) (9.5–10 ft), and yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) (10–10.5 ft) to dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) ........................................................................................................................... 8.5–11

Sand, fine to medium, clean; grades down to medium to 

very coarse; poorly sorted; scattered rounded 

and polished quartz granules; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/2); basal 3 in. becomes silty and yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1); contains rounded quartz pebbles up to 5 

cm in diameter.................................................................................................................................................. 11–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

dense, slightly sticky, dusky-greenish-gray 

(5GY 3/1).......................................................................................................................................................... 17–26

Base of dune sand: +50 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +41 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
186

St. Pauls Quadrangle

SP–1–06: 5.79 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.77 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

abandoned house at end of unnumbered dirt road, 0.26 mi southwest of 157-ft spot elevation at junction of unnumbered 

dirt road and North Carolina State Road 1939, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7760°N., longitude 

78.9764°W.). Surface elevation 157 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) grading rapidly down to light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, fine, silty; pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1) 

grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); basal 

4 in. bright orange (10YR 6/8).............................................................................................................................. 6–9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, mediumdark-gray (N 4)................................................................................................................................................... 9–15

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/1); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................................. 15–18

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to subrounded, 

poorly sorted, soft, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 18–22

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey; 

very light gray (N 7.5) grading down through dark 

gray (N 3) to medium gray (N 5.5); contains 

subangular quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in 

maximum diameter .......................................................................................................................................... 22–25

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), pale-olive-gray 

(5Y 6/2); subrounded wood clasts up to 

2.5 cm in diameter............................................................................................................................................ 25–26

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), micaceous, 

carbonaceous, dense, stiff, brownish-gray 

(5YR 4/1); locally abundant wood and leaf fragments..................................................................................... 26–31

Base of Varina Grove unit: +132 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
187

SP–2–07: 1.17 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.02 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft southsouthwest of North Carolina State Road 1006, 0.04 mi west of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1006 and 

1928, along outer edge of southwestern rim of Powers Bay, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7650°N.,

longitude 78.8951°W.). Surface elevation 149 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, dominantly fine, silty; 

grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading rapidly 

down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .......................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with 

pale-brownish-gray (5YR 7/1) mottles

in basal foot.......................................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, stiff, 

slightly sticky, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6) .......................................................................................................................................................... 6–10

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowishgray (5Y 7/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 10–11 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine to 

medium; silty; pale bluish gray (5B 8/1).......................................................................................................... 11–16 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; 

dark gray (N 3); subangular 

to subrounded quartz granules ......................................................................................................................... 16–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, very stiff, greasy, dense, 

medium-brownish-gray (5YR 5/1).................................................................................................................... 18–26

Base of Varina Grove unit: +131 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
188

SP–3–07: 5.68 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.32 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

unnumbered dirt road on eastern edge of field, 0.30 mi northeast of intersection of U.S. Highway 301 and North 

Carolina State Road 1726, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8560°N., longitude 78.9744°W.). Surface 

elevation 175 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium 

grains; silty; slightly clayey; pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) grading rapidly down to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ....................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium 

grains; silty; clayey; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to light brown 

(5YR 5/6)............................................................................................................................................................. 1–7 

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium 

grains; silty; clayey; pale reddish brown 

(10R 5/4) grading down to grayish orange 

pink (5YR 7/2)................................................................................................................................................... 7–11

Sand; very fine to fine with scattered medium 

grains grading down to fine to medium; silty; 

clayey; pale brown (5YR 7/4).......................................................................................................................... 11–15

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine, very clayey, silty, very 

stiff, dense; pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1) 

with light-reddish-brown (10R 5/6) mottles..................................................................................................... 15–18

Sand; fine to coarse, dominantly medium; 

poorly sorted; silty; pale brown (5YR 7/4); 

reddish-pink (5R 6/4) clayball or clay lens at 26 ft .......................................................................................... 18–32 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky, 

yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6) ........................................................................................................................... 32–33

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey; grades 

down through very fine to fine sand to fine sand; 

silty and slightly clayey; dark orange (10YR 6/8) ............................................................................................ 33–44

Sand, fine, silty, pale-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 8/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 44–48

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; 

clean; light reddish orange (10R 7/6) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

at 49 ft; lower contact gradational.................................................................................................................... 48–53
189

Sand, fine to coarse, dominantly medium, 

poorly sorted, clean; pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) grading down in basal 6 in. 

to pale brown (5YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................ 53–56.5

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), paleyellowish-brown (10YR 7/2)......................................................................................................................... 56.5–57

Sand, medium to coarse, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/1); contains approximately 1 percent 

very fine, dark, heavy minerals........................................................................................................................ 57–70

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, dense, medium-gray (N 5); 

abundant fragments of wood 

and two carbonized logs................................................................................................................................... 70–77

Clay, silty, greasy, very dense, darkolive-gray (5Y 3/1); pyrite 

lumps up to 1 cm in diameter........................................................................................................................... 77–81 

Base of dune sand: +160 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +105 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
190

SP–4–07: 3.09 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.78 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft south of 

North Carolina State Road 1920, 0.57 mi east-southeast of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1920 and 1919, 

300 ft north of railroad tracks, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8047°N., longitude 78.9295°W.). Surface 

elevation 155 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; clean; 

grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading down through 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) (0.5–3.5 ft) 

to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) .................................................................................................................................... 1–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, duskyyellowish-orange (10YR 5/6) ............................................................................................................................... 5–6 

Sand, fine, clayey, silty, light-brown (5YR 5/6)................................................................................................... 6–9 

Sand, fine to medium, very clayey and silty, stiff, 

sticky; medium gray (N 5), reddish brown (10R 4/8), and 

brownish gray (5YR 4/1) with yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1) mottles......................................................................... 9–13 

Sand, fine, silty, pale-brown (5YR 7/4) ............................................................................................................ 13–16 

Sand; fine and fine to medium, interbedded; silty; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) at 36 ft; pinkish 

gray (5YR 8/1) clayball at 36 ft ........................................................................................................................ 16–38

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very kaolinitic, 

micaceous, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)................................................................................................................. 38–54

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, slightly silty, 

kaolinititic, pinkish-gray (5YR 8/1).................................................................................................................. 54–56

Sand; fine grading down through medium to 

coarse then to fine; silty; very kaolinitic; 

micaceous; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)................................................................................................................. 56–61

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to 

coarse; silty; kaolinitic; pinkish gray 

(5YR 8/1); lower contact somewhat gradational .............................................................................................. 61–71

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

slightly silty, soft; medium red (5R 5/6) 

grading down in basal foot to light brown 

(5YR 5/6).......................................................................................................................................................... 71–82
191

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, stiff, sticky, weathered; grayish 

orange pink (5YR 6/2) with yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) mottles................................................................................................................................ 82–83

Clay, silty, stiff, dense, olive-black 

(5Y 2/1); black carbonized wood 

fragments and lumps of pyrite.......................................................................................................................... 83–85

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, 

micaceous; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

with scattered dark-gray (N 3) clay laminae .................................................................................................... 85–89

Sand, fine to medium, micaceous, medium-gray 

(N 5); carbonized wood fragments................................................................................................................... 89–91

Base of dune sand: +150 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +117 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +73 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
192

SP–5–07: 1.42 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.99 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft south of North 

Carolina State Road 2257, 0.06 mi east-southeast of junction of North Carolina State Roads 2257 and 2252, in 

northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8515°N., longitude 78.8996°W.). Surface elevation 160 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; clean; 

brownish gray (5YR 4/1) grading rapidly 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).......................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, dominantly fine, silty, 

slightly clayey, stiff; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) with light-gray (N 7.5) and 

light-brown (5YR 5/6) mottles.............................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; subangular; slightly silty and clayey; 

stiff; pale orange (105YR 8/8) grading down 

to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4); lower contact 

gradational ......................................................................................................................................................... 6–11 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular, silty, palegrayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/4); lower contact gradational .............................................................................. 11–16 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, 

very pale orange (10YR 8/2); lower contact gradational .................................................................................. 16–20 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

angular to subangular, very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2); rounded quartz pebbles

up to 3 cm in diameter...................................................................................................................................... 20–22 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, dense, sticky; scattered mica flakes 

and black wood fragments; medium grayish 

pink (5R 7/2) with dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottles grading down through grayish 

orange pink (5YR 7/2) (24–26 ft) to dark gray (N 3)........................................................................................ 22–29 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly micaceous, 

medium-dark-gray (N 4); black 

scattered wood fragments................................................................................................................................. 29–36 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +138 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
193

Singletary Lake Quadrangle

SI–1–07: 6.10 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.99 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

unnumbered dirt road, 50 ft west of North Carolina State Road 1715 and 0.77 mi north-northeast of junction of North 

Carolina State Roads 1715 and 1712, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5290°N., longitude 78.4813°W.). 

Surface elevation 105 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, very fine to fine, clean, grayish-orange 

(10YR 7/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey, stiff; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down 

to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) at 4 ft.......................................................................................................................... 1–5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 7/2) ................................................................................................................................................................ 5–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; orange (10YR 7/8) 

with very light gray (N 8) blotches grading 

down through yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) (8.5–9 ft), 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) (9–12 ft), and 

pinkish gray (5YR 8/1) (12–13 ft) to 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)....................................................................................................................... 6–14 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 14–15 

Sand, very fine to fine; pinkish gray (5YR 8/1) 

grading down through pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6) 

(16–19 ft) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)....................................................................................................... 15–23 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); upper foot 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading rapidly down 

to medium gray (N 5)....................................................................................................................................... 23–44

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, very silty and 

clayey, stiff, medium-greenish-gray (5GY 5/1); 

scattered crumbly mollusk shells..................................................................................................................... 44–46

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to fine to 

coarse; poorly sorted; medium light gray (N 6) 

grading down to medium olive gray (5Y 5/1); 

sparse shells, including oysters........................................................................................................................ 46–51

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, mediumgray (N 5)...................................................................................................................................................... 51–52.5

Sand, fine to coarse, light-gray (N 7); 

sparse shell fragments................................................................................................................................... 52.5–53
194

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; top 

3 in. yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading 

down rapidly to dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1); 

abundant fine mica; very fine sand-filled burrows 

about 1 cm in diameter..................................................................................................................................... 53–56 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +99 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +61 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +52 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
195

SI–2–07: 4.27 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.12 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

unnumbered dirt road, 100 ft east of junction of North Carolina State Road 1712 and North Carolina Highway 87, in 

south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5160°N., longitude 78.4493°W.). Surface elevation 123 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine, slightly silty; pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) grading down through 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) (0.5–2 

ft), very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) 

(2–2.5 ft), and very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) (2.5–3 ft) to yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6); less than 1 percent 

very fine grained, dark, heavy minerals; 

lower contact gradational..................................................................................................................................... 0–8 

Sand, fine, slightly silty; pale brown (5YR 5/2) 

grading down through grayish brown (5YR 3/2) 

(9–11 ft), dark brown (5YR 2/4), grayish orange 

pink (5YR 7/2), and dark brown (5YR 2/4) 

(11–13 ft) to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); 1–2 percent 

very fine grained, dark, heavy minerals............................................................................................................. 8–16

Sand, fine to medium, subrounded; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) with pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

streaks in basal 3 ft; 1–2 percent very fine grained, 

dark, heavy minerals; lower contact gradational.............................................................................................. 16–29

Sand, medium to very coarse, subrounded to 

round, poorly sorted, pebbly, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................................................................................ 29–30

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); wood fragment 

in top foot; light brown (5YR 5/6) grading down

through pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) in upper 

foot, then medium light gray (N 6) grading down to 

medium light gray (N 6) with olive-black (5Y 2/1) 

mottles at 44 ft ................................................................................................................................................. 30–52

Waccamaw Formation, James City Member

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey; 

greenish gray (5G 6/1) grading down to medium 

gray (N 5); lower contact abrupt ...................................................................................................................... 52–61
196

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, darkolive-gray (5Y 3/1), about 3 in. recovered.......................................................................................................... at 61

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +93 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +71 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, James City Member: +62 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
197

SI–3–07: 1.58 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.47 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern side 

of unnumbered dirt road (Wendell Drive), 0.57 mi northeast of junction of Wendell Drive and North Carolina Highway 

53, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5215°N., longitude 78.4021°W.). Surface elevation 41 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded; 

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) grading down through 

light brownish gray (5YR 6/1) to grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded; 

very pale orange (10YR 8/2) grading down 

through dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) (2–4 ft) 

to dusky brown (5YR 2/2) .................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly fine; subangular 

to subrounded; humic; medium brown (5YR 4/4).............................................................................................. 6–12 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Alluvium

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to 

medium to very coarse at 14 ft; poorly sorted with 

subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter; medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) .............................................................................................. 12–21

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

contains detrital clasts of reworked Tar Heel 

Formation......................................................................................................................................................... 21–36

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, greenish-gray (5G 6/1)................................................................................... 36–38 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, 

dense, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); abundant 

lumps of grayish-brown (5YR 3/2) and very 

dark orange (10YR 7/8) lignite; occasional thin 

layers of fine to medium sand and very clayey silt .......................................................................................... 38–46

Base of dune sand: +29 ft above sea level

Base of alluvium: +3 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
198

SI–4–07: 3.49 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.38 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 300 ft northeast of 

North Carolina Highway 53, 0.16 mi northwest of the “L” in “Lagoon” map label, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.5633°N., longitude 78.4360°W.). Surface elevation 51 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded; 

grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading down at 

0.5 ft to grayish orange (10YR 7/4)................................................................................................................... 0–2.5

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine; soft; 

dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) grading 

down at 3 ft to very pale orange (10YR 8/2) ..................................................................................................... 2.5–6 

Sand, fine; pale grayish yellow (10YR 8/4) 

grading down through dusky yellowish orange 

(10YR 5/6) (7–8 ft) to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) .............................................................................................................................................. 6–11 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Older alluvium

Paleosol, sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; 

0.5-in.-thick zone of olive gray 

(5Y 4/2) over yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).............................................................................................................. 11–12 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1).................................................................................................................................... 12–16

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted with 

granules of quartz; subrounded; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) .................................................................................................................................................... 16–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Shirley Formation

Sand, fine, silty, light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1); 

more compacted than layers above; 

scattered wood fragments.............................................................................................................................. 24–33.5

Wood, dusky-yellow (5Y 6/4) to dark-reddishbrown (5YR 3/4); overlying 3-in.-thick 

layer of fine to medium, silty, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 7/2) sand................................................................................................................. 33.5–34
199

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted; 

interbedded with silty clay; dense; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1); contains dark-brown 

(5YR 2/4) lignite............................................................................................................................................... 34–36

Base of dune sand: +40 ft above sea level

Base of older alluvium: +27 ft above sea level

Base of Shirley Formation: +17 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
200

SI–5–07: 4.27 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.12 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

North Carolina Highway 53, 0.73 mi northwest of the first “S” in “Singletary Lake State Park” label on map, in 

northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6055°N., longitude 78.4772°W.). Surface elevation 65 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, subangular to subrounded, clean, 

soft; grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading rapidly 

down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2)........................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, variably silty, variably 

humic; grayish brown (5YR 3/2) grading down

through yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) (1.5– 

2 ft), dusky brown (10YR 2/2) (2–2.5 ft), 

and pale pinkish gray (10YR 9/1) (2.5–3 ft) 

to dark brown (5YR 2/4)....................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

humic; medium brown (5YR 4/4) grading down

through pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

to medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); 

very humic in basal foot..................................................................................................................................... 6–17 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Peat, sandy (very fine), woody, dark-brown 

(5YR 2/4).......................................................................................................................................................... 17–19

Sand, very fine to fine; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/4) grading down to pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 19–20

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very light 

gray (N 9)......................................................................................................................................................... 20–21

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), very finely 

micaceous, greasy, light-greenish-gray 

(5G 7/1)............................................................................................................................................................ 21–26

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine; 

subangular; slightly silty; slightly micaceous; 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); lower contact gradational ......................................................................................... 26–38

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter ............................................................................................................. 38–44
201

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty; very fine to fine sand-filled 

burrows 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter; interbedded 

with fine to medium sand; micaceous; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................................................................................... 44–46

Base of dune sand: +48 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +21 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
202

SI–6–07: 1.92 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.66 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of junction of two unnumbered dirt roads at 84-ft spot elevation, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.5160°N., longitude 78.4493°W.). Surface elevation 84 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; 

subangular to subround; pale grayish 

orange pink (5YR 7/2) over dark reddish brown 

(5YR 3/4).............................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; 

subangular to subrounded; humic; thixotropic; 

dusky brown (5YR 2/2) grading down to 

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) at 4 ft.................................................................................................................. 1–10

Peat, dark-olive-brown (5Y 2/4); 

light-brown (5YR 5/6) wood pieces.................................................................................................................. 10–14 

Sand, fine to medium, mostly subrounded, 

humic; yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) at 21 ft; upper part contains 

roots from peat bed above................................................................................................................................ 14–25 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); 

medium gray (N 5) grading down 

to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); lower contact 

gradational ....................................................................................................................................................... 25–30

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down 

to brownish gray (5YR 5/1); lower contact 

gradational ....................................................................................................................................................... 30–31 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, thixotropic, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1), lower contact gradational ......................................................................................... 31–36

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, thixotropic, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1).................................................................................................................................... 36–49

Sand; coarse to very coarse, dominantly 

very coarse; greenish gray (5G 7/1); 

abundant quartz pebbles up to 

2 cm in diameter............................................................................................................................................... 49–53
203

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, dense, sparsely lignitic; 

olive gray (5Y 4/1) grading down to 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1) ................................................................................................................................... 53–56

Base of dune sand: +59 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +31 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
204

Southeast Lumberton Quadrangle

SL–1–06: 6.18 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.34 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side of 

public boat ramp parking area, under the “m” in “Public Boat Ramp” label on map, in northwestern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.5921°N., longitude 78.9842°W.). Surface elevation 104 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Alluvium

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; 

slightly silty; grayish orange (10YR 7/4).............................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

medium to coarse; coarse fraction subrounded; 

soft; yellowish gray (5Y 8/2)................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, pebbly 

(including common discoids), darkgray (N 3); worn shark tooth ................................................................................................................................ 6–7 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, 

dense; pinkish brown (5YR 6/2) grading 

down through olive gray (5Y 4/1) (9–11 

ft) to light olive gray (5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................................ 7–16 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, 

dense; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading 

down to glauconitic and yellowish gray 

(5Y 6/2) below 18 ft; scattered 

rounded lumps of pyrite up to 1 cm in 

diameter at base................................................................................................................................................ 16–20 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular to 

subrounded, micaceous, slightly silty, 

feldspathic, light-gray (N 7)............................................................................................................................. 20–26 

Base of alluvium: +97 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
205

SL–2–06: 6.42 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.22 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt lane 0.38 mi 

west-southwest of junction of North Carolina Highway 72 and North Carolina State Road 2115, in northwestern 1/9th

of map area (latitude 34.6048°N., longitude 78.9868°W.). Surface elevation 143 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 6/2) with light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2) streaks

grading at base to medium yellow (5Y 7/4).......................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, grayish-orange 

(10YR 7/4) ............................................................................................................................................................ 1–2 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, darkyellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) ............................................................................................................................... 2–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) with dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottles ............................................................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) with light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) 

and dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles.................................................................................................... 6–9 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), micaceous; 

medium light gray (N 6) grading down through 

light brown (5YR 5/6) to bright orange 

(10YR 6/8) .......................................................................................................................................................... 9–12 

Sand, very fine, very silty, slightly clayey; 

light brown (5YR 5/6) grading down to 

medium gray (N 5)........................................................................................................................................... 12–14

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, very fine, very silty, slightly clayey, 

light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4); 

sparse shells (including Mulinia) and shell 

fragments ......................................................................................................................................................... 14–19

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine; 

silty; light olive gray (5Y 5/2); shells 

increasingly abundant downward 

(Dinocardium, oysters, and others) .................................................................................................................. 19–36
206

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly fine; 

clayey; silty; stiff; sticky; micaceous; 

glauconitic near base; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 36–40

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Sand, medium to coarse, feldspathic, 

variably silty and clayey, dense, 

light-brownish-gray (5YR 6/1) ......................................................................................................................... 40–46 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +129 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +107 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
207

SL–3–06: 5.63 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.95 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.06 mi northnorthwest of unnumbered North Carolina State road, 0.22 mi west of 110-ft spot elevation at T-junction of unnumbered 

North Carolina State roads, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5139°N., longitude 78.9731°W.). Surface 

elevation 108 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand; very fine to medium, dominantly very fine to fine; 

poorly sorted; clayey; dusky brown (5YR 2/2) 

grading down to light yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) 

with dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles at 0.5 ft ..................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to very fine to 

medium; poorly sorted; silty; clayey; light brownish 

gray (5YR 6/1)...................................................................................................................................................... 2–8 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; silty; light greenish gray (5G 8/1).......................................................................................................... 8–11

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; very pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) grading down through dark gray (N 3) 

(12–15 ft) to bright orange (10YR 6/8); abrupt 

basal contact..................................................................................................................................................... 11–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff; 

medium gray (N 5) with greenish-gray (5GY 6/1) 

mottles grading down to light olive gray (5Y 6/1)

at 20 ft .............................................................................................................................................................. 18–26 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +90 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
208

SL–4–06: 3.23 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.76 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft eastnortheast of house, 0.31 mi southwest of junction of North Carolina Road 1002 with North Carolina Highway 211, 50 

ft north of border between central 1/9th and north central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5838°N., longitude 

78.9314°W.). Surface elevation 122 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, humic, duskybrown (5YR 2/2)................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium with scattered 

grains up to granule size; subangular to 

subrounded; slightly silty; slightly thixotropic; 

grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) ............................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, thixotropic, slightly 

silty; yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) grading 

to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) at 7 ft............................................................................................................ 6–11

Sand, fine, well-sorted, thixotropic, silty, 

soft, pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2).................................................................................................................... 11–15 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2); 3 in. thick........................................................................................................................................ at 15

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down

through olive gray (5Y 5/1) (16–18 ft) 

to humic medium dark gray (N 4).................................................................................................................... 15–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 3/1); abundant shell fragments and calcitecemented nodules enclosing shell 

fragments; lower contact gradational ............................................................................................................... 24–30

Sand, fine to medium, silty, medium-olive 

gray (5Y 5/1); about 50 percent of volume 

composed of shell fragments............................................................................................................................ 30–39

Calcarenite, very fine, very silty; abundant shell 

fragments; greenish yellow (10Y 6/4); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 39–45

Calcarenite, silty; abundant fine to medium quartz 

sand and shell fragments, greenish yellow (10Y 6/4)....................................................................................... 45–47
209

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, medium to coarse, granular, 

feldspathic, sparsely micaceous, 

slightly silty; tough and dense, but 

porous; greenish gray (5GY 6/1)...................................................................................................................... 47–51

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +107 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +98 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +75 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
210

SL–5–06: 1.40 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.47 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along driveway to 

abandoned house, 50 ft east of North Carolina State Road 2121, 0.66 mi northeast of junction of North Carolina State 

Roads 2116 and 2121 (at 94-ft spot elevation), in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5214°N., longitude 

78.8992°W.). Surface elevation 94 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand; fine to medium with scattered 

subrounded grains up to granule size; 

silty; humic; dusky brown (5YR 2/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) ............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

slightly silty, soft; light yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/4) grading down to pinkish gray 

(5YR 7/1); subangular to subrounded 

quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter ............................................................................................................................................................... 1–4 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dense, 

medium-brownish-gray (5YR 5/1)........................................................................................................................ 4–6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, slightly 

silty, soft, light-grayish-orange-pink (5YR 8/2); 

lower contact somewhat gradational.................................................................................................................. 6–12 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, feldspathic, soft, 

pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2); 

abundant subangular to subrounded quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter ................................................................................................... 12–16 

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to coarse to 

very coarse; medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1)................................................................................................ 16–21

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

medium-brownish-gray (5YR 5/1); subangular to 

subrounded quartz granules and pebbles up to 

2 cm in diameter and abundant fragments and wood chips.............................................................................. 21–26

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff, 

medium-olive-gray (5Y 5/1)............................................................................................................................. 26–31

Base of Windsor Formation: +68 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
211

SL–6–06: 1.47 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.72 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern rim of 

bay 400 ft northeast of pipeline and 0.10 mi northwest of intersection of pipeline and North Carolina State Road 2106, 

in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6124°N., longitude 78.9005°W.). Surface elevation 144 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, clean; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) grading down through dark 

yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) (0.5–2 ft) and 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (3–4 ft) 

to grayish orange pink (5YR 6/2) ......................................................................................................................... 0–7 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, thixotropic, very dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 4/6); lower contact gradational ................................................................................... 7–14 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, thixotropic, very humic, 

dusky-brown (5 YR 2/4)................................................................................................................................... 14–18

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), soft, greasy; 

oily luster; medium gray (N 4.5) grading down 

through medium dark gray (N 4) to medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)................................................................................................................................... 18–35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine; medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) 

grading down to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) at 37 ft; 

abundant shell hash; lower contact gradational................................................................................................ 35–39

Calcarenite, fine, very silty, pale-olive (10Y 7/2); 

abundant very fine to fine quartz sand; 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 39–41

Calcarenite, fine to medium, silty, quartzose; 

black rounded phosphate pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter .......................................................................................................................................... 41–42
212

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, very silty and clayey, 

stiff, dense, medium-brownish-gray (5YR 5/1); 

upper foot contains burrows filled with 

overlying lithology........................................................................................................................................... 42–46 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +126 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +109 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +102 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
213

SL–7–06: 4.88 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 5.81 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered dirt road running west from North Carolina State Road 2116, on northeastern rim of unnamed bay 100 ft 

east of power line, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5846°N., longitude 78.9603°W.). Surface elevation 

138 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey; yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/2) grading down through pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4) to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) with increasingly abundant 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles downward, 

and pale reddish brown (10R 5/6)........................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, soft, thixotropic; pale 

reddish brown (10R 5/6) grading down 

through pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) (7–9 

ft) to pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1).................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, fine, well-sorted, soft, thixotropic; 

medium brown (5YR 4/4) grading down 

through dark grayish red (5R 3/2) (18–19 ft) 

to pale grayish red (5R 5/2).............................................................................................................................. 11–21

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty; very 

pale orange (10YR 8/2) grading down to 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1).................................................................................................................................... 21–23

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey; medium reddish brown (10R 4/6) 

with yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) streaks grading 

rapidly down to olive gray (5Y 4/1) at 23.5 ft; 

very fine to fine (sandy) in upper foot; greasy 

texture below 24 ft; wood chips in basal foot .................................................................................................. 23–30 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, 

silty, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); 

sparse rounded, coarse grains........................................................................................................................... 30–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +115 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +108 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Duplin Formation
214

SL–8–06: 4.75 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.40 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

North Carolina State Road 2116, 0.23 mi north of the “o” in “Horse Bluff Landing” label on map, 50 ft east of the 

border between the central and west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.5640°N., longitude 78.9577°W.). Surface 

elevation 103 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, stiff; dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading down

through medium yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4) and yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) with 

dark-orange (10YR 8/6) mottles........................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/2)................................................................................................................................................. 1–2 

Sand, fine to medium, clean; grayish 

orange pink (5YR 6/2) grading down to 

pale brown (5YR 5/2) at 5 ft................................................................................................................................. 2–6 

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular, 

silty, humic, dark-grayish-red (10R 3/2); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................... 6–10 

Sand, medium to very coarse, angular to 

subangular, silty, humic, very dark reddish 

brown (10R 2/4)............................................................................................................................................... 10–21

Gravel; subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles 

up to 1 cm in diameter; medium to coarse 

quartz-sand matrix; very dark reddish 

brown (10R 2/4)............................................................................................................................................... 21–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, kaolinitic, 

micaceous, pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2)......................................................................................................... 22–24
215

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, dense, stiff, medium-gray (N 5); 

scattered subrounded quartz granules .............................................................................................................. 24–25

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +81 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +79 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
216

SL–9–06: 4.49 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.40 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft west of 

western side of North Carolina Highway 72, at junction with North Carolina State Road 2121, in south-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.5060°N., longitude 78.9531°W.). Surface elevation 119 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, very fine to fine; dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) grading down to dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2)................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine; abundant very 

fine, dark, heavy mineral grains; clean; yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down through 

grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) (2–4 ft) to light 

pinkish gray (5YR 9/1) ......................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky, greasy; 

dark brownish black (5YR 3/1) grading down through 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1) (7–7.5 ft) and 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (7.5–9 ft) 

to medium grayish brown (5YR 4/2).................................................................................................................. 6–14

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), light-olive-gray 

(5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 14–29

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to angular, very 

silty; black wood chips in basal foot; 

bluish gray (5B 6/1) ......................................................................................................................................... 29–35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), very stiff, very 

dense, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) with

medium-gray (N 5) streaks............................................................................................................................... 35–36 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +113 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +84 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
217

Tar Heel Quadrangle

TH–1–06: 0.59 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.83 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of ditch, 0.10 mi west of North Carolina Highway 131, 0.11 mi southwest of junction of North Carolina Highway 

131 and North Carolina State Road 1103 at 133-ft spot elevation, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6371°N., longitude 78.7598°W.). Surface elevation 133 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

medium olive brown (5Y 4/6) grading down 

to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, light-olivebrown (5Y 5/4); lower contact gradational........................................................................................................... 1–3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; medium yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/1) mottles..................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; very light gray (N 8) 

grading to bright reddish brown (10R 5/9) at 8 ft............................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, very fine to fine, clean, thixotropic; bright 

orange (10YR 5/8) grading down to 

pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) at 12 ft; 1–2 percent 

very fine, dark, heavy mineral grains............................................................................................................... 11–18

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), greasy; very light 

gray (N 8) grading down through pale orange (10YR 8/8) 

(18.5–19 ft) and medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) 

(19.5–25 ft) to greenish gray (5GY 6/1)........................................................................................................... 18–29

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) grading down 

to dark bluish gray (5B 3/1); bone fragment on 

basal contact..................................................................................................................................................... 29–33
218

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, finely 

micaceous, dense, dark-greenish-gray 

(5G 4/1); shell fragments and 

calcified burrow fillings* ................................................................................................................................. 33–36 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +115 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +100 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Duplin Formation

*Sample from this interval contained fragments of marine dinoflagellates and one whole specimen of Lingulodinium

machaerophoram (Paleocene to modern) (Lucy E. Edwards, USGS, oral commun., 2006). 
219

TH–2–06: 1.08 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.76 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on eastern side of 

unnumbered dirt road that runs south-southwest from North Carolina Highway 87, 0.27 mi southeast of 155-ft Wengert 

benchmark, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7234°N., longitude 78.7686°W.). Surface elevation 152 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly fine; 

increasingly silty and clayey downward; 

finely micaceous; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down through light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, 

silty; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

grading down through yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) 

(3–5 ft) and yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) (5–11 ft) to 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2); lower 

contact gradational ............................................................................................................................................. 1–13 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, 

silty, thixotropic; light brown (10YR 5/4) 

grading down through reddish brown (10R 4/4) 

(14–15 ft), dusky reddish brown (10R 2/4) 

(15–17 ft), brown (5YR 5/4) (17–18 ft), and 

orange pink (5YR 7/4) (18–20 ft) to 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) with

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) streaks........................................................................................................................ 13–21

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 1–2 percent 

very fine, dark, heavy mineral grains............................................................................................................... 21–24 

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); pinkish 

gray (5YR 8/1) grading down through 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) to 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1)................................................................................................................................... 24–26 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, 

subangular to angular, silty, clayey, darkbluish-gray (5B 4/1)......................................................................................................................................... 26–30 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dark-bluishgray (5B 4/1).................................................................................................................................................... 30–31

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; dark 

bluish gray (5B 4/1); subrounded 

quartz granules................................................................................................................................................. 31–40
220

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) grading down through medium 

brownish gray (5YR 5/1) and 

medium gray (N 6) to light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1); lower contact abrupt.......................................................................................................................... 40–43

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), 

dense, stiff, olive-gray (5Y 4/1)........................................................................................................................ 43–46

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +128 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +112 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
221

TH–3–06: 6.13 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.37 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northeastern

side of North Carolina State Road 1969, 0.43 mi northwest of bridge over Lewis Mill Branch, in northwestern 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.7174°N., longitude 78.8574°W.). Surface elevation 131 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine, well-sorted, clean, grayishorange (10YR 7/4) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, darkyellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) ............................................................................................................................... 1–3 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, very stiff, dense; 

very light olive gray (5Y 7/1) with medium-reddishbrown (10R 4/6) mottles below 4 ft ................................................................................................................... 3–11

Sand, fine to medium, silty, bright-yellowishorange (10YR 6/8); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................. 11–17 

Sand; medium to coarse grading down to 

fine to coarse with scattered angular, very 

coarse grains; poorly sorted; silty; yellowish 

orange (10YR 8/7) grading down through pale 

yellowish orange (10YR 8/4) (19–21 ft), 

very pale orange (10YR 8/2) (21–23 ft), 

and yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) (23–23.5 ft) 

to pinkish gray (5YR 8/1) ................................................................................................................................. 17–25 

Sand, fine to very coarse, very poorly sorted; 

very coarse fraction subrounded to rounded; silty, 

slightly clayey; dark gray (N 3) grading down

through black (N 1) (26–27 ft) and 

medium dark gray (N 4) (27–29 ft) 

to medium gray (N 5)....................................................................................................................................... 25–32 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, finely 

micaceous, carbonaceous, mediumbluish-gray (5B 5/1)...................................................................................................................................... 32–32.5

Sand; fine to medium grading down to very 

fine to fine; silty; micaceous; dark gray (N 3) 

grading down to medium light gray (N 6) 

at 33 ft; lower contact gradational................................................................................................................. 32.5–39 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, medium-lightgray (N 6)......................................................................................................................................................... 39–42
222

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, 

dense; medium dark bluish gray (5B 4/1) 

grading down to dark gray (N 3); 

abundant fine, silvery mica and brown to 

black lignite containing numerous pyrite 

crystals............................................................................................................................................................. 42–47

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very micaceous; 

medium gray (N 5) grading down to medium 

bluish gray (5B 6/1) ......................................................................................................................................... 47–51

Base of Varina Grove unit: +89 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
223

TH–4–06: 4.74 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.77 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to 

unnumbered dirt road running from eastern side of loop in North Carolina State Road 1967, 20 ft east of 134-ft spot 

elevation, 50 ft east of border between west-central and central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6797°N., longitude 

78.8330°W.). Surface elevation 133 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly very fine; 

slightly silty; dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) grading down

through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

(1–2 ft) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

with pale-greenish-yellow (10Y 8/2) mottles....................................................................................................... 0–6 

Sand; very fine to fine, dominantly very fine; 

slightly silty; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down

through grayish orange (10YR 7/2) (7–9 

ft) and grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) (9–11 ft) to 

brownish gray (5YR 4/1) .................................................................................................................................... 6–13 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) .................................................................................................................................... 13–14 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, soft, yellowishbrown (10YR 5/2); lower contact somewhat gradational ................................................................................. 14–23

Sand, medium to coarse, silty; bright 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/8) grading 

down to yellowish orange (10YR 6/8); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 23–27 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

silty, grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) ...................................................................................................................... 27–28

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), mediumyellow (5Y 7/6)................................................................................................................................................. 28–29

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6/8) ............................................................................................................................................ 29–33
224

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), finely 

micaceous, carbonaceous, stiff, dense; 

pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading 

rapidly down to brownish gray (5YR 5/1); 

lumps of pyrite up to 1 cm in diameter; 

grades down to very fine, silty, very micaceous, 

medium-gray (N 5) sand .................................................................................................................................. 33–39 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +105 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +100 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
225

TH–5–06: 5.69 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.66 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered dirt road running southeastward from North Carolina State Road 2100 at 115-ft spot elevation, 0.10 mi 

east of cemetery, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6362°N., longitude 78.8492°W.). Surface elevation 

107 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand; very fine to coarse, dominantly fine; poorly 

sorted; coarse fraction subrounded; silty; medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down to medium brown (10YR 5/2)........................................................................................................ 1–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down

through pale reddish brown (10R 5/4) with

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) streaks (6.25–8 ft), 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (8–8.5 ft), 

and light olive gray (5Y 6/1) (8.5–13 ft) 

to olive gray (5Y 5/1) with pale-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/2) streaks.............................................................................................................................................. 6–14 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) at 15 ft ............................................................................................................. 14–18.5

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 6/2)......................................................................................................................... 18.5–19

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; 

subangular; subrounded quartz 

granules near base; silty; light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ............................................................................................................................ 19–24 
226

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, 

feldspathic, micaceous, silty, kaolinitic, 

dense; scattered subangular, 

very coarse to granule-sized grains of 

quartz; very pale orange (10YR 8/2)................................................................................................................. 24–26

Base of Windsor Formation: +101 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +83 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
227

TH–6–06: 3.30 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.32 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered dirt road about 0.05 mi south of Allen Pocket Canal, 0.11 mi west-northwest of junction of the canal with 

North Carolina State Road 1101, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6588°N., longitude 78.8076°W.). 

Surface elevation 121 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular; 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (1–3 ft) 

and pale greenish yellow (10Y 8/4) 

(3–5 ft) to pale yellowish gray (5Y 9/1) ............................................................................................................... 0–7 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to 

coarse; silty; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

grading down through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) 

(7.33–9 ft) and light orange (10YR 7/8) (9–10 ft) 

to bright orange (10YR 6/8)................................................................................................................................ 7–11

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular, silty, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 7/2); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 11–18 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

silty, light-grayish-brown (5YR 4/2); scattered 

subrounded to rounded coarse grains; lower 

contact gradational ........................................................................................................................................... 18–23

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; 

angular to subangular; silty; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................................. 23–25 

Sand, medium to coarse, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1)........................................................................................... 25–27 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

very coarse; poorly sorted; subrounded to rounded; 

silty; clayey; kaolinitic; micaceous; dense; bluish 

gray (5B 6/1); wood fragment at base .............................................................................................................. 27–29 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dense; 

medium gray (N 5) grading down to 

medium bluish gray (5B 5/1) at 31 ft ............................................................................................................... 29–33

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly 

clayey, coarsely micaceous, medium 

bluish gray (5B 5/1) ......................................................................................................................................... 33–36

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +94 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
228

TH–7–06: 0.41 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.10 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.05 mi northnorthwest of Allen Cemetery and 100 ft east of rim of unnamed Carolina bay, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6702°N., longitude 78.7567°W.). Surface elevation 141 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4) grading down through very dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) (0.5–1 ft), 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (1–4 ft), 

and grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) (4–6 ft) to 

light brown (5YR 5/4)......................................................................................................................................... 0–11

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, soft, lightorange (10YR 7/8) ............................................................................................................................................ 11–17

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); medium 

reddish orange (10R 6/6) grading down 

to medium orange pink (10R 7/4) .................................................................................................................... 17–19

Sand, very fine to fine, dominantly fine, 

very silty, medium-orange-pink (10R 7/4)....................................................................................................... 19–20 

Silt, clayey, yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 1 

in. thick .............................................................................................................................................................. at 20

Sand, very fine, silty, light-orange (10YR 7/8); 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 20–24

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, pinkish-gray 

(5YR 8/1); lower contact gradational................................................................................................................ 24–27

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) grading down through light brown 

(5YR 5/6) (29–30 ft) to yellowish orange 

(10YR 5/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 27–31

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to very 

coarse; very poorly sorted; silty; very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................. 31–41 

Sand; fine to very coarse grading down 

to medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; 

subangular to subrounded; silty; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1); subrounded quartz 

granules and small pebbles .............................................................................................................................. 41–47
229

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, dense; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) grading down through bright orange 

(10YR 6/8) (48–49 ft) to pale brown 

(5YR 6/6) with pale-orange (10YR 8/8) streaks................................................................................................ 47–51

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Moorings unit: +124 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +94 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
230

TH–8–06: 3.86 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.90 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along northwestern

border of field 0.07 mi northeast of North Carolina State Road 1300, 0.39 mi northwest of junction of North Carolina 

State Roads 1300 and 1004 (at 134-ft spot elevation), in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7252°N., longitude 

78.8177°W.). Surface elevation 133 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, light-olivebrown (5Y 6/6) ..................................................................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

very fine to fine; silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) ................................................................................................................................................................ 2–6 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1)........................................................................................................................................ 6–8 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down 

through yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) 

back to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) ......................................................................................................................... 8–12 

Sand; fine to medium grading down 

through medium and coarse (16–19 

ft) to medium to very coarse; poorly 

sorted; clean; angular to subangular; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down 

to pale orange (10YR 8/8) at 21 ft .................................................................................................................... 12–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly 

clayey, dense; pale orange 

(10YR 7/2) grading down to 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4)................................................................................................................................ 22–24

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine); 

increasingly micaceous downward; 

stiff; greasy texture; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) grading down rapidly at 27.5 ft

to dark gray (N 3); sparse wood fragments...................................................................................................... 24–28 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, abundantly 

micaceous; medium light gray (N 6) 

grading down to light gray (N 7); 

fragment of carbonized wood 

in basal foot...................................................................................................................................................... 28–31

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +111 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
231

Tomahawk Quadrangle

TO–1–08: 1.75 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.83 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along old railroad 

bed, 0.30 mi south-southeast of railroad bed crossing with North Carolina State Road 1007 at Kerr, in southeastern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6517°N., longitude 78.2805°W.). Surface elevation 77 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Sand, fine to medium, clean, slightly humic, paleyellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) (railroad bed fill).................................................................................................... 0–2 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean, humic; dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 1/2) grading down through 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) (2.5–3 ft), 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) (3–4.5 ft), 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (4.5–5 ft), 

and pale brown (5YR 6/2) (5–5.5 ft), 

to very dusky red (10R 2/2)............................................................................................................................... 2–7 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine, silty, humic, dark-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 3/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 7–8 

Sand, fine, slightly silty; medium yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4) grading down to 

dusky yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) at 9 ft ......................................................................................................... 8–11

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dusky-yellowishorange (10YR 5/6); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................. 11–16 

Sand, medium to very coarse, granular, poorly 

sorted, dusky-yellowish-orange (10YR 5/6); 

coarse to granule fraction subrounded to rounded ........................................................................................... 16–19

Sand; fine to medium grading down to coarse to 

very coarse with scattered rounded and polished 

quartz granules; dark yellowish brown 

10YR 4/4) grading down to very pale 

orange (10YR 8/2) at base ................................................................................................................................ 19–26

Sand; fine to coarse grading down to medium to 

very coarse; poorly sorted; silty; yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) at 34 ft; locally gravelly 

with rounded quartz pebbles up to 7 cm in 

length; some clayballs in basal 2 ft .................................................................................................................. 26–36 
232

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty and clayey, 

micaceous, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); thin layers 

of dense, greenish-black (5GY 2/1), silty clay 

and fine, well-sorted, micaceous dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1), sand with very dusky red (10R 2/2) 

lignite fragments .............................................................................................................................................. 36–41

Base of dune sand: +70 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +41 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
233

TO–2–08: 5.50 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.07 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of unnumbered dirt road leading southwest from North Carolina Highway 210, 50 ft southwest of North Carolina 

Highway 210 and 0.34 mi west-northwest of 47-ft spot elevation point along North Carolina Highway 210, in westcentral 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6695°N., longitude 78.3461°W.). Surface elevation 60 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean, slightly humic; 

medium brown (5YR 4/4) grading down 

through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) (0.5– 

1 ft) and very pale orange (10YR 8/2) (1–4 ft) 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................................................................... 0–5 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, slightly 

clayey, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/2); 

much denser than unit above................................................................................................................................ 5–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, angular to subrounded, 

silty; grades down to medium to very coarse, 

gravelly with subangular to rounded quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in length; poorly sorted; 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down

through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

and very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ............................................................................................................................. 6–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, very stiff, dense, duskygreenish-gray (5GY 3/1); carbon streaks 

near base .......................................................................................................................................................... 15–18

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, angular 

to subangular, granular, silty, carbonaceous; 

dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) with 

dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 3/2), carbonaceous

streaks grading down to dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1); lens of dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/2), 

lignitic clay in basal foot; very dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) lignite ................................................................................................................. 18–21

Base of dune sand: +55 ft above sea level

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +45 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
234

TO–3–08: 3.26 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.85 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at junction of two 

unnumbered dirt roads where 98-ft spot elevation was taken, 0.28 mi northeast of 99-ft Dismal benchmark along old 

railroad line, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6955°N., longitude 78.3066°W.). Surface elevation 98 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, clean, humic; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) changing abruptly to pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) at 4 in...................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, humic, dusky-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 2/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 1–3 

Peat with abundant wood fragments, duskyyellowish-brown (10YR 2/2)* .............................................................................................................................. 3–4 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, humic, dusky-yellowishbrown (10YR 2/2)................................................................................................................................................. 4–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, tough, dense; medium brown 

(5YR 3/6) grading down to dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)................................................................................... 6–10 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, soft, light-yellowish-brown 

(10YR 6/4)........................................................................................................................................................ 10–11 

Sand; medium to very coarse with subrounded quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in length; poorly sorted; silty; soft; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/4) grading down to dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/2); lower contact gradational .................................................................................................. 11–18 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, dark-yellowishbrown (10YR 3/2)............................................................................................................................................ 18–27 

Sand; fine to coarse with subrounded quartz pebbles 

up to 1 cm in length; poorly sorted; silty; soft; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/2)........................................................................................................................................................ 27–38 

Sand; very fine to coarse with abundant quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 1 cm in length; very poorly sorted; very clayey 

and silty; sticky; pale yellowish gray (5Y 9/1); thin layer 

of yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1), very clayey silt at 40 ft......................................................................................... 38–46

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very micaceous, dense, 

greenish-gray (5GY 5/1)................................................................................................................................... 46–49 
235

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, dense, sticky, 

lignitic, olive-black (5Y 2/1); contains burrows filled 

with above lithology ..................................................................................................................................... 49–49.5

Stopped on impenetrable bed or petrified log ................................................................................................. at 49.5

Base of dune sand: +92 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +52 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Wood fragment in peat yielded a radiocarbon age greater than 51,800 B.P. 

(John P. McGeehin, USGS, written commun., 2008).
236

TO–4–08: 0.68 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.37 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 100 ft north of 

North Carolina Highway 41, 0.55 mi west of 45-ft Billy benchmark, in northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.7173°N., longitude 78.2618°W.). Surface elevation 46 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Alluvium

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, soft; medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) grading down 

to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, slightly silty, 

thixotropic; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

grading down through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6.5/6) to pale grayish orange pink 

(5YR 8/2); contains <1 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy mineral grains; lower contact somewhat 

gradational ........................................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, poorly sorted, 

pale-grayish-orange-pink (5YR 8/2); abundant 

subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in length in basal foot......................................................................................................................... 6–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, sandy (very fine), micaceous, 

stiff, dense, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); wood 

and pyrite lumps; small burrows 

filled with clean, very fine sand; thin 

lenses of very fine sand in basal foot ................................................................................................................. 8–11 

Base of alluvium: +38 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
237

TO–5–08: 1.75 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.83 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft west of North 

Carolina State Road 1132 at entrance to unnumbered dirt road leading west-southwest from North Carolina State Road 

1132, 200 ft south of 103-ft spot elevation, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7371°N., longitude 

78.3695°W.). Surface elevation 103 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, humic, lightgrayish-brown (10YR 4/2).................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, soft, dark-yellowishorange (10YR 6.5/6) ............................................................................................................................................. 1–2 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6.5/6) grading down 

through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) to grayish orange 

pink (5YR 7/2).................................................................................................................................................... 2–17

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, humic; 

brownish black (10YR 1/2) grading down 

to dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)...................................................................................................................... 17–20

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly medium; 

pale brown (10YR 6/2) grading down to very 

humic and dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) ............................................................................................. 20–22.5

Sand, very fine, silty, massive (loess?), 

light yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4).............................................................................................................. 22.5–23.5

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Sand, medium to coarse, pale-yellowishgray (5Y 8/2); contains subrounded to rounded 

quartz granules and <1 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy mineral grains..................................................................................................................................... 23.5–26

Sand, medium to coarse; pale grayish orange 

pink (5YR 8/2) grading down to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) at 48 ft; subrounded to rounded 

quartz granules throughout; subrounded quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter in basal foot.................................................................................................... 26–49
238

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, micaceous, very stiff, dense, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); large 

lump of pyrite................................................................................................................................................... 49–51 

Base of dune sand: +79.5 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +54 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
239

Turkey Quadrangle

TU–1–04: 0.98 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.97 mi north of southern quadrangle border, east of Carltons 

Mill Run and west of Buckhall Creek, on western side of North Carolina State Road 1108, 0.30 mi north-northwest of 

intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1108 and 1112, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9471°N.,

longitude 78.1416°W.). Surface elevation 120 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand; fine to medium with scattered fine 

grains of dark, heavy minerals; clean; 

dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) grading down to 

pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) at 1 ft ...................................................................................................................... 0–6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, 

slightly clayey, dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6).......................................................................................................................................................... 6–14

Silt, very clayey, yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2); 

2 in. thick ........................................................................................................................................................... at 14

Sand, fine, clean, thixotropic, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6); contains <1 percent very 

fine, dark, heavy mineral grains; lower contact 

gradational ....................................................................................................................................................... 14–17 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, yellowishgray (5Y 7/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 17–19

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey; pale reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) with yellowish-gray 

(5Y 7/2) streaks grading down to pale 

olive gray (5Y 6/2) at 21 ft ............................................................................................................................... 19–27

Silt, very clayey, carbonaceous, 

micaceous; variably interlayered dark 

brownish gray (5YR 3/1), dark yellowish 

green (5GY 4/4), and dark gray (N 8.5)............................................................................................................ 27–30

Sand, fine, silty, light-olive-brown (5Y 5/4)..................................................................................................... 30–33

Silt, very clayey, carbonaceous, micaceous; 

variably interlayered dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1), 

dark yellowish green (5GY 4/4), and dark 

gray (N 8.5); 1-in.-diameter pyrite nodule and some 

sand-filled burrows .......................................................................................................................................... 33–45
240

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, very 

lignitic, dark-brownish-gray (5YR 3/1) ............................................................................................................ 45–48

Silt, very clayey, dense, dark-gray (N 3.5)....................................................................................................... 48–51

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +101 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
241

TU–2–04: 3.78 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.87 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in vacant lot on 

south side of North Carolina Highway 24, 0.45 mi west-southwest of intersection of North Carolina Highway 24 and 

North Carolina State Road 1911 in town of Turkey, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9895°N., longitude 

78.1914°W.). Surface elevation 145 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, clean; grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4) grading down through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) (3–3.5 ft), pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) (3.5–4 ft), and orange (10YR 5/6) 

(4–8 ft) to pale yellowish orange (10YR 8/6)..................................................................................................... 0–10

Silt, sandy (very fine), yellowish-gray (5Y 8/1); 

4 in. thick ........................................................................................................................................................... at 10

Sand, fine, silty, light-brown (5YR 5/6) ........................................................................................................... 10–12

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; 

orange pink (5YR 7/4) grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (14–16 ft) 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................ 12–18 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, paleyellowish-gray (5Y 8/2).................................................................................................................................... 18–21

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, clayey, mediumyellowish-brown (10YR 5/4)............................................................................................................................ 21–26

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, lignitic; much 

denser than unit above; medium dark gray (N 4)............................................................................................. 26–27

Sand, fine to medium, silty; olive gray (5Y 3/2) 

grading down to medium gray (N 5); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ...................................................................................................................................... 27–33 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, lignitic; 

abundant coarse mica; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)............................................................................................... 33–36 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +119 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
242

TU–3–04: 6.28 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.18 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1932, 0.06 mi south-southeast of 134-ft spot elevation at intersection of North 

Carolina State Road 1932 with dirt road trending northeast, 1.3 mi northwest of intersection of North Carolina State 

Roads 1932 and 1004, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9357°N., longitude 78.2352°W.). Surface elevation 

130 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, slightly clayey; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; fine with scattered grains up to granule

size; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

down to reddish brown (10R 5/6)......................................................................................................................... 1–4 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; denser than interval above; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to orange 

(10YR 5/6)............................................................................................................................................................ 4–8 

Sand, fine, silty, orange (10YR 5/6); lower 

contact gradational ............................................................................................................................................. 8–11 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft; orange 

(10YR 5/6) grading down to medium 

brown (5YR 4/6) at 14 ft................................................................................................................................... 11–19 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, very clayey and silty, 

dense, stiff, micaceous; abundant wood 

fragments; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

in top 3 in., then grading down rapidly to 

dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ................................................................................................................................... 19–21 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +111 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
243

TU–4–04: 4.76 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.18 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in Six Runs Creek 

valley, 0.05 mi south of North Carolina State Road 1004 on dirt road (not on map) located 0.3 mi east of North 

Carolina State Road 1004 bridge over Six Runs Creek, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9213°N.,

longitude 78.2086°W.). Surface elevation 74 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Alluvium

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/4) grading down through 

medium olive brown (5Y 4/6) (1–3 ft) 

to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).................................................................................................................... 0–5 

Sand; medium grading down through medium 

and coarse to coarse to very coarse and granular; 

slightly silty; soft; very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

grading down to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1); 

rounded 1 cm pebble at base .............................................................................................................................. 5–16

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, stiff, olive-gray (5Y 4/1)....................................................................................................... 16–18

Sand, fine to medium; abundant large mica 

flakes; sparsely lignitic; dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1).......................................................................................................................................................... 18–24

Silt, very clayey, stiff, lignitic, olive-gray 

(5Y 4/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 24–26

Base of alluvium: +58 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
244

TU–5–04: 3.34 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.82 mi north of southern quadrangle border, north of Stewarts 

Creek, on northern side of North Carolina State Road 1942 opposite dirt road leading southwest to cemetery, 0.7 mi 

east-southeast of junction of North Carolina State Roads 1942 and 1943, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.9015°N., longitude 78.1835°W.). Surface elevation 104 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine, well-sorted; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) grading down through 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) to 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) 

with dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/2) mottles................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, slightly silty; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down

through light yellowish gray (5Y 8/4) 

(4–5 ft) and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

(5–6 ft) to grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) ............................................................................................................ 1–9 

Sand; medium to coarse, dominantly 

medium, with abundant rounded quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 2 cm in 

diameter; grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2)............................................................................................................ 9–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty; grayish orange 

(10YR 7/2) grading down through pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2) (14–17 ft) and pale 

greenish yellow (10Y 8/2) (17–19 ft) 

to medium yellow (5Y 7/6)............................................................................................................................... 11–21

Sand, fine to medium, dark-grayish-yellow 

(10Y 7/4) .......................................................................................................................................................... 21–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, micaceous, lignitic; 

orange (10YR 5/6) in upper 4 in. 

then grades rapidly to dark olive gray 

(5Y 3/1); lower contact gradational.................................................................................................................. 24–28 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, very 

micaceous, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1)................................................................................................................ 28–31 

Base of Windsor Formation: +93 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +80 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
245

TU–6–08: 0.29 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.38 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered dirt road, 0.13 mi west-southwest of 145-ft spot elevation on North Carolina State Road 1111, in

northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9815°N., longitude 78.1325°W.). Surface elevation 138 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, plinthitic, light-yellowishbrown (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) with pale-yellowish-gray (5Y 8/2) 

mottles and pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) with darkyellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) mottles to pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, sticky; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to pale 

greenish gray (5G 9/1) ......................................................................................................................................... 6–7 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty; clayey grading 

down to slightly clayey; pale greenish gray (5G 9/1) ........................................................................................ 7–11

Sand, fine to very coarse, very poorly sorted, granular, silty, 

pale-olive (10Y 6/2); lower contact somewhat gradational .............................................................................. 11–16 

Sand, fine to medium; contains 1–2 percent very fine, dark, 

heavy mineral grains; silty; light brown (5YR 5/6); 

granular in basal foot........................................................................................................................................ 16–19 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, micaceous, 

glauconitic; denser than unit above; dark grayish green 

(5GY 4/2) grading down through dark grayish yellow 

green (5GY 6/2) to dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) in 

basal 2 ft........................................................................................................................................................... 19–36

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, micaceous, stiff, very dense, 

olive-gray (5Y 4/2) ........................................................................................................................................... 36–41 

Base of Varina Grove unit: +119 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +102 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
246

TU–7–08: 3.79 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.42 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southern side of 

unnumbered dirt road, 0.06 mi west of 147-ft spot elevation on North Carolina State Road 1004, in central 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.9357°N., longitude 78.2352°W.). Surface elevation 146 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty, increasingly 

clayey downward; yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) grading down through light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) and dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1).................................................................................................................. 0–2 

Sand, fine, silty; denser than interval above; pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading to 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) at 3 ft ......................................................................................................................... 2–4 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft, pale-orange 

(10YR 7.5/2)......................................................................................................................................................... 4–6 

Sand, fine, soft, thixotropic; pale orange 

(10YR 7.5/2) grading down through very pale 

brown (5YR 6/2) (9–11 ft) to dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) .............................................................................................................................. 6–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, very 

pale brown (5YR 6/2); stiffer and denser 

than sand above................................................................................................................................................ 15–16 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to 

coarse; poorly sorted with scattered 

rounded quartz granules and small 0.5- 

cm-diameter pebbles in basal 2 ft; silty; 

slightly clayey; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1)........................................................................................................... 16–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, slightly sticky; denser than 

unit above; dark orange (10YR 6/8) grading down

through yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) (25–25.5 ft) to 

bright orange (10YR 7/8).................................................................................................................................. 23–26 

Base of dune sand: +131 ft above sea level

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +123 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member
247

Wallace West Quadrangle

WW–1–04: 4.03 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.40 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance to dirt 

road on western side of North Carolina State Road 1301, at intersection with 67-ft spot elevation, in central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.6891°N., longitude 78.0703°W.). Surface elevation 67 feet.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, slightly silty and clayey; 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) on 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1) ....................................................................................................................................... 1–2 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty; light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) with light-olive-gray 

(5Y 6/1) mottles grading down through light brown 

(5YR 5/6) (5–6 ft) to yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) with light-olive-gray (5Y 6/1) mottles ............................................................................................... 2–7 

Sand, fine, slightly silty and clayey, 

yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2)...................................................................................................................................... 7–11 

Sand fine to medium grading down to fine; 

silty; greenish gray (5GY 6/1).......................................................................................................................... 11–20

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dark-greenishgray (5GY 4/1).................................................................................................................................................. 20–22

Peat, dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2); 

wood fragments................................................................................................................................................ 22–23

Sand, fine, silty, olive-gray (5Y 4/2); 

sparse wood fragments at base......................................................................................................................... 23–24

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, massive, medium-greenishgray (5G 5/1); burrows at top filled with 

sand from unit above; no basal coarse 

lag bed, but scattered rounded quartz and 

phosphate pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter 

on basal contact................................................................................................................................................ 24–29
248

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ---------------------------------------- 

Bladen Formation

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine, 

silty; clayey grading down to very clayey; 

olive gray (5Y 3/2); rounded pyrite nodule 

2 cm in diameter at 38 ft .................................................................................................................................. 29–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +43 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +38 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
249

WW–2–04: 1.33 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.59 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at southern end of 

dead-end road, 0.08 mi northwest of cemetery, 0.38 mi northwest of “P” in “PENDER CO.” label on map, in 

northeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7353°N., longitude 78.0231°W.). Surface elevation 47 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, humic; dusky 

yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading down

through pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2), 

pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1), and 

medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) to dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1) ............................................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, poorly sorted; more 

angular than interval above; silty; humic; dark 

olive gray (5Y 3/1); silt and clay content 

increases downward ........................................................................................................................................... 6–21

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to angular, 

poorly sorted, silty; interbedded with fine sand, 

clayey, silty, with sparse shells;

dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ................................................................................................................................... 21–36

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
250

WW–3–04: 5.79 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.40 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road 0.2 

mi north-northwest of junction of North Carolina State Roads 1303 and 1001, in northwestern 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.7178°N., longitude 78.1012°W.). Surface elevation 72 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down through light brown 

(5YR 5/6) (2–4 ft) to light brown (5YR 5/6) 

with yellowish-gray (5Y 7/2) mottles................................................................................................................... 0–6 

Sand; very fine grading rapidly down to fine to 

medium; silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6)............................................................................................................................................................ 6–9 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), greasy-textured, 

very sticky, soft, medium-greenish-gray (5G 5/1)............................................................................................. 9–22

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, olive-gray 

(5Y 3/2); denser than unit above; sparsely shelly 

in basal 2 ft....................................................................................................................................................... 22–26 

Base of Charles City Formation: +50 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
251

WW–4–04: 1.52 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.48 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northern side 

of North Carolina State Road 1319, 0.56 mi east-northeast of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1319 and 

1324, 1.43 mi east-northeast of the “a” in “Penderlea” label on map, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6612°N., longitude 78.0259°W.). Surface elevation 67 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; dusky yellowish 

brown (10YR 2/2) on pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) with pale-olive-brown (5Y 6/6) mottles............................................................................................. 0–1 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; 

light brown (5YR 5/6) with pale-olivegray (5Y 7/1) mottles; lower contact gradational ................................................................................................. 1–8 

Sand, very fine, silty, pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1) .................................................................................................. 8–11

Sand, very fine, silty, soft, yellowish-orange 

(10YR 7/6); lower contact gradational.............................................................................................................. 11–14

Sand, fine, silty, yellowish-orange (10YR 7/6)................................................................................................. 14–23 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, olivegray (5Y 4/1) .................................................................................................................................................... 23–38

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), greasy, 

dark-greenish-gray (5GY 4/1) .......................................................................................................................... 38–41

Sand; fine to medium with dense clay-silt 

matrix; very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1)....................................................................................................... 41–44

Sand, fine to medium, silty; softer than 

interval above; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) .................................................................................................. 44–46

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Donoho Creek Formation

Sand; very fine to fine interbedded with fine to 

medium; silty; dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ........................................................................................................... 46–61 

Base of Charles City Formation: +29 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +21 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Donoho Creek Formation
252

WW–5–04: 6.30 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.65 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

U.S. Highway 421, 0.1 mi south of junction of U.S. Highway 421 and North Carolina Highway 11, in southwestern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6348°N., longitude 78.1097°W.). Surface elevation 57 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, pale-olivebrown (5Y 6/6) ..................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), dense, stiff; 

pale olive brown (5Y 6/6) grading down through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (3–4 ft) 

to dark yellowish gray (5Y 7/1)............................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, very fine, silty, dusky-yellow 

(5Y 6/4) ................................................................................................................................................................ 6–8 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Windsor Formation

Silt, clayey, sandy (very fine), stiff, dense; 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) 

with pale-olive (10Y 6/2) mottles......................................................................................................................... 8–9 

Silt, clayey, stiff, dense; pale olive 

(10Y 6/2) with grayish-olive (10Y 4/2) mottles

grading down through grayish green (5G 5/2) 

with greenish-gray (5G 6/1) mottles (13 to 23 

ft) to dark greenish gray (5G 4/1)* .................................................................................................................... 9–32 

Sand, fine to medium, dark-greenish-gray 

(5G 4/1); pyrite pebbles and an oyster 

fragment on basal contact ................................................................................................................................ 32–33 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark-olive-gray 

(5Y 2/2); clay content increases downward; 

scattered pyrite nodules; sparsely 

shelly below 38 ft............................................................................................................................................. 33–41

Base of Charles City Formation: +49 ft above sea level

Base of Windsor Formation: +24 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation

*Recovered Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil assemblage at 31 ft

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
253

Warsaw South Quadrangle

WS–1–04: 5.06 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.64 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft east of 

Seaboard Railroad, 1.0 mi south of northern quadrangle border, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9860°N.,

longitude 78.0888°W.). Surface elevation 152 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, humic, duskybrown (5YR 2/2).................................................................................................................................................. 0–3 

Sand; fine grading down to very fine; dark 

yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) grading down through 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) (4–5 

ft) to dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/2) ...................................................................................................................... 3–7 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; dusky yellow 

(5Y 6/4) grading down through grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) (9–11 ft) to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)............................................................................................................................. 7–12

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, orangepink (10R 6/4).................................................................................................................................................. 12–18

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, grayish-orangepink (10R 8/2).................................................................................................................................................. 18–21 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to fine to 

very coarse; very poorly sorted; silty; clayey; 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1); small 

clayball at 34 ft................................................................................................................................................. 21–36

Sand; medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; granular; medium grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4)............................................................................................................................................................ 36–38

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, silty, dense, stiff, lignitic, very dark 

greenish gray (5GY 3/1); upper foot burrowed, 

filled with matrix from unit above ................................................................................................................... 38–41

Base of Varina Grove unit: +114 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
254

WS–2–04: 1.48 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 8.56 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at entrance of dirt 

road on southern side of North Carolina State Road 1375, 200 ft south of northern quadrangle border, in northeastern

1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9999°N., longitude 78.0258°W.). Surface elevation 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, clean, light-olivebrown (5Y 5/5) ..................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading down to very light gray (N 8).................................................................................................................. 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey; 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down through 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (11–16 

ft) to light brown (7.5YR 5/6); lower contact 

somewhat gradational ........................................................................................................................................ 6–18 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, light-grayishorange (10YR 8/4); quartz pebbles and 

discoids up to 3 cm in diameter........................................................................................................................ 18–20

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, very fine to fine with scattered 

medium grains, silty, clayey; light grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) grading down to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) at 25 ft................................................................................................................ 20–32

Sand, medium, silty, clayey, darkyellowish-orange (10YR 5/6); flattened 

discoidal mudballs up to 2 cm in diameter 

reworked from bed below ................................................................................................................................ 32–34 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, lignitic; 

overlies medium to coarse, 

lignitic sand; light grayish olive (10Y 5/2)....................................................................................................... 34–36

Base of Varina Grove unit: +122 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +108 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
255

WS–3–04: 3.51 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.73 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at southern end of 

North Carolina State Road 1907, on northern side of Interstate Route 40 and 1.12 mi south of junction of North 

Carolina State Roads 1907 and 1107, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9441°N., longitude 78.0615°W.). Surface 

elevation 110 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–2 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Alluvium

Muck, odiferous, fine (sandy), silty, clayey; 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading 

down to grayish brown (5YR 3/2) ........................................................................................................................ 2–6 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, grayish-brown 

(5YR 3/2); quartz granules concentrated 

at base ................................................................................................................................................................ 6–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member

Sand, fine, dark-grayish-green (5GY 4/2); 

detrital mudballs and pyrite clasts up to 1 cm 

in diameter at base ........................................................................................................................................... 11–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, dense, lignitic, mediumolive-gray (5Y 5/1)........................................................................................................................................... 15–21 

Base of alluvium: +99 ft above sea level

Base of Chowan River Formation, Coharie Member: +95 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
256

WS-4-04: 0.41 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 2.59 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road 0.25 mi 

southwest of junction with North Carolina State Road 1923, 0.25 mi south-southwest of 130-ft spot elevation on North 

Carolina State Road 1923, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9127°N., longitude 78.0070°W.). Surface 

elevation 113 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Road fill ............................................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, silty; grades down 

to fine, well-sorted, clean; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to very 

light yellowish gray (5Y 9/1) ................................................................................................................................ 1–4 

Sand, very fine, silty; denser than interval above; 

very light yellowish gray (5Y 9/1)........................................................................................................................ 4–6 

Silt, sandy (very fine), clayey, yellowish-gray 

(5Y 8/1) .............................................................................................................................................................. 6–15

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; rapidly grades 

to fine to medium, silty sand; dark yellowish 

gray (5Y 6/2) .................................................................................................................................................... 15–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Calcarenite, fine, quartzose, silty, 

micaceous, medium-olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 

sparse shell fragments near base ...................................................................................................................... 18–33 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, calcareous, shelly, 

pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1); echinoid spines and 

bryozoans; abundant phosphate granules at base* ........................................................................................... 33–35

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Clay, silty; sandy (very fine) grading down 

to very fine, clayey, silty sand; dark olive 

gray (5Y 3/1) .................................................................................................................................................... 35–38

Sand, medium to coarse, glauconitic, silty, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1) to dark-grayishgreen (5G 4/2) .................................................................................................................................................. 38–44
257

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, dense, lignitic, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); locally abundant pyrite lumps ................................................................................. 44–51 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +95 ft above sea level

Base of Castle Hayne Limestone: +78 ft above sea level

Base of Bladen Formation: +69 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Recovered poorly preserved Tertiary calcareous nannofossils at 34 ft

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
258

WS–5–04: 5.60 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.22 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along dirt road (not 

on map) 0.05 mi south-southwest of North Carolina State Road 1104, 0.38 mi southeast of 126-ft spot elevation on 

North Carolina State Road 1104, in southwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8930°N., longitude 78.0982°W.). 

Surface elevation 125 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium; silt content increases 

downward; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down through medium 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)................................................................................................................................ 0–2 

Sand, fine to medium, clean, thixotropic; 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) .......................................................................................................................... 2–6 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, pale-orange 

(10YR 8/2) ............................................................................................................................................................ 6–7 

Sand, fine to medium, thixotropic, paleorange (10YR 8/2) .............................................................................................................................................. 7–12 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; denser 

than interval above; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) grading 

down to grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2)............................................................................................................ 12–18

Sand, fine to medium, clean, pale-orange 

(10YR 7/2)........................................................................................................................................................ 18–21

Sand, medium, silty, thixotropic, humic, 

grayish-brown (5YR 3/2) .................................................................................................................................. 21–28 

Peat, sandy, greasy, dusky-brown 

(5YR 1/2); scattered wood fragments .............................................................................................................. 28–37

Sand, fine to medium, peaty, humic, 

thixotropic, dusky-brown (5YR 1/2)................................................................................................................. 37–41

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, sticky, 

grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2)......................................................................................................................... 41–42

Sand, fine to medium, soft, thixotropic, 

dusky-brown (5YR 1/2).................................................................................................................................... 42–44

Sand, fine to medium, soft, kaolinitic, 

pale-brownish-gray (5YR 7/1).......................................................................................................................... 44–62
259

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, darkyellow (5Y 6/6)................................................................................................................................................. 62–63

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; 

olive gray (5Y 4/2) with 

dark-yellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) streaks, 

light olive brown (5Y 5/4), and 

grayish green (10GY 5/2)................................................................................................................................. 63–66

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +63 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
260

WS–6–04: 4.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.16 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on southwestern

side of Natural Well (erroneously shown on map without hachured contour lines to indicate a sinkhole), 0.16 mi north 

of southern quadrangle border and 0.3 mi southeast of North Carolina State Road 1003, in south-central 1/9th of map 

area (latitude 34.8775°N., longitude 78.0734°W.). Surface elevation 132 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, well-sorted, clean; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) over medium yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium with 

a minor coarse fraction; slightly silty; dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down 

to very pale orange (10YR 8/2)............................................................................................................................. 1–7 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine, silty, clayey; grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) grading down through light 

brown (5YR 5/6) (8–8.5 ft) to dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1)....................................................................................................................................... 7–9 

Silt, sandy (very fine), slightly clayey, very 

shelly, medium-greenish-gray (5GY 5/1)........................................................................................................... 9–15 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Calcisiltite to fine calcarenite, silty, darkgrayish-yellow green (5GY 6/2); locally 

indurated into massive lumps*......................................................................................................................... 15–46

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +125 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +117 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Castle Hayne Limestone

*Recovered Eocene calcareous nannofossils at 18 ft representing Zone NP 16 and at 39 ft representing Zone NP 16/17

(Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
261

WS–7–04: 2.89 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.87 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 0.05 mi east of 

U.S. Highway 117 and 0.1 mi southeast of the southern town border of Magnolia, in south-central 1/9th of map area 

(latitude 34.8877°N., longitude 78.0505°W.). Surface elevation 128 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey; 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading 

down to dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) ................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading 

down to yellowish brown (10YR 5/2); 

lower contact gradational..................................................................................................................................... 1–7 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty; 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to 

light greenish gray (5GY 8/1)............................................................................................................................. 7–14

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted; 

grades down to medium to coarse; clayey; 

slightly greasy texture; silty; medium 

dark gray (N 4); phosphate granules and 

quartz discoids up to 3 cm in diameter 

on basal contact................................................................................................................................................ 14–17

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand, fine to medium, very calcareous, 

sparsely shelly; grayish olive (10YR 4/2) 

grading down to olive gray (5Y 3/2) ................................................................................................................ 17–21

Sand, fine to medium, calcareous, subangular 

to subrounded, clayey, silty, micaceous, darkgreenish-gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 21–26

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +114 ft above sea level

Base of Varina Grove unit: +111 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Bladen Formation
262

WS-8-04: 1.79 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.39 mi north of southern quadrangle border, in vacant lot on 

south side of North Carolina State Road 1912, 0.15 mi west of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1912 and 

1911, in southeastern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8954°N., longitude 78.0312°W.). Surface elevation 120 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; clean; 

humic at top; olive black (5Y 2/1) grading 

down to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)........................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; clean; 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) grading down

through dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

(3–4 ft) to pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; light greenish gray (5GY 7/1) grading 

down to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) ......................................................................................................... 6–12 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Sand, fine, silty, greenish-gray (5GY 6/1); 

very shelly, including Mulinia ......................................................................................................................... 12–14

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Calcarenite, quartzose, fine to medium; 

indurated at top; sparsely shelly; olive gray 

(5Y 4/1) grading down to dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)

at 17 ft; sparsely micaceous in basal foot; 

lower contact abrupt with lag shell fragments 

and detrital nodules* ........................................................................................................................................ 14–37

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, silty, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); sparse 

wood fragments................................................................................................................................................ 37–41

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +108 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +106 ft above sea level

Base of Bladen Formation: +83 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Recovered Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous nannofossil Zone CC 21 assemblage at 35 ft (Jean M. SelfTrail, USGS, oral commun., 2004). 
263

WS–9–04: 3.36 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.52 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on western side of 

chicken coops, 0.1 mi west of North Carolina State Road 1909, 0.4 mi south-southwest of junction of North Carolina 

State Roads 1909 and 1927, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9265°N., longitude 78.0585°W.). Surface elevation 

140 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) over pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4).................................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down through yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) to pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/2)............................................................................................................................................................ 1–6 

Sand, fine, silty, thixotropic; dark grayish 

yellow (5Y 7/4) grading down through grayish 

brown (5YR 3/2) (9–12 ft) and very pale brown 

(5YR 6/2) (12–15 ft) to very pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2)............................................................................................................................................... 6–19

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; clayey; very pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2)........................................................................................................................................................ 19–26

Sand, fine to medium, silty; yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) grading in basal foot to dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)................................................................................................................................................. 26–44

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; stiffer 

than interval above; dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 44–45

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation?

Impenetrable hard bed........................................................................................................................................ at 45

Base of Varina Grove unit: +95 ft above sea level

Bottomed on Bladen Formation?
264

WS–10–05: 5.18 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.57 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on northwestern

side of North Carolina State Road 1107, 1.15 mi southwest of Carroll, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.9413°N., longitude 78.0908°W.). Surface elevation 139 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) over light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Sand, fine, silty; medium grayish pink 

(5R 7/2) grading down through yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/1) (4–8 ft) to yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6).......................................................................................................................................................... 1–10

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, yellowishorange (10YR 7/6) ............................................................................................................................................ 10–11

Sand, very fine to fine, silty; very pale orange 

(10YR 8/2) grading to pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) at about 17 ft.................................................................................................................................. 11–19

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, silty, 

clayey; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading down through pale grayish orange pink 

(5YR 8/2) back to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6)........................................................................................................................................................ 19–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Castle Hayne Limestone

Calcarenite, very fine to fine; pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) grading down to greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1) intermingled with greenish yellow 

(10Y 7/2) at about 27 ft; shell fragments.......................................................................................................... 23–31

Base of Varina Grove unit: +116 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Castle Hayne Limestone
265

WS–11–05: 4.19 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 0.16 mi north of southern quadrangle border, on dirt road (not 

shown on map) 0.15 mi east-southeast of North Carolina State Road 1105, 0.40 mi southeast of North Carolina State 

Road 1105 bridge over Buckhall Creek and 0.65 mi north-northeast of junction of North Carolina State Roads 1105 and 

1113, in northwestern 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9596°N., longitude 78.1140°W.). Surface elevation 133 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine, soft; dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 3/2) overlying 1 ft of darkyellowish-brown peat........................................................................................................................................... 0–6 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, fine, slightly silty, thixotropic; 

dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) 

grading down through dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/4) intermingled with light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4) to pale olive gray 

(5Y 7/1) .............................................................................................................................................................. 6–11

Sand, fine, slightly silty, thixotropic, 

grayish-yellow (5Y 7/4).................................................................................................................................... 11–18 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, thixotropic; 

pale olive (10Y 6/2) grading down 

through dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) (20– 

25 ft) and dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)

(25–27 ft) to dusky yellow green (5GY 5/2) .................................................................................................... 18–28

Sand, fine, micaceous, light-olivebrown (5Y 5/4); abundant very fine, dark, 

heavy mineral grains........................................................................................................................................ 28–29

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; dusky 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) with 

light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2) mottles...................................................................................................................... 29–30

Sand, fine, micaceous, light-olivebrown (5Y 5/4) ................................................................................................................................................. 30–35

Silt, very clayey, lignitic; dark greenish 

gray (5GY 4/1) with dusky-yellowishorange (10YR 5/6) mottles................................................................................................................................ 35–36

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +104 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
266

WS–12–08: 3.13 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 7.53 mi north of southern quadrangle border, at edge of field 

200 ft north of North Carolina State Road 1903, 0.22 mi west of intersection of North Carolina State Roads 1903 and 

1904, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.9845°N., longitude 78.0552°W.). Surface elevation 142 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Varina Grove unit

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey; dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/2) overlying light yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/4)................................................................................................................................................. 0–1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey; light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1) with grayish-orange (10YR 7/4) and 

light-brown (5YR 5/6) streaks.............................................................................................................................. 1–5 

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) with grayishorange (10YR 7/4) and light-brown (5YR 5/6) 

streaks grading down to dark greenish gray 

(5GY 3/1) at 12 ft ............................................................................................................................................... 5–18

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, very clayey 

and silty, dusky-greenish-gray (5GY 3/1) ........................................................................................................ 18–22

Sand, medium to coarse, dusky-greenish-gray 

(5GY 3/1); abundant rounded quartz pebbles 

up to 6 cm long, ............................................................................................................................................... 22–23

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Coquina; mollusk shells in very fine to fine 

silty sand matrix; greenish gray (5GY 6/1)....................................................................................................... 23–32

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Bladen Formation

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine 

and well-sorted; silty; calcareous; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 3/1); quartz and 

phosphate granules and pebbles up to 0.5 

cm in diameter on basal contact* ..................................................................................................................... 32–39
267

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, 

calcareous, dark-greenish-gray (5GY /3/1)....................................................................................................... 39–41

Base of Varina Grove unit: +119 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +110 ft above sea level

Base of Bladen Formation: +103 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation

*Recovered poorly preserved Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) calcareous 

nannofossil Zone CC 20–23 assemblage at 35 ft (Jean M. Self-Trail, USGS, 

oral commun., 2008). 
268

WS–13–08: 5.92 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 3.23 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft southwest of 

North Carolina State Road 1107 along dirt road that leads southwest from 138-ft spot elevation on North Carolina State 

Road 1107, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.8775°N., longitude 78.07348°W.). Surface elevation 138 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey; 

grayish brown (5Y 3/2) grading down through pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) (4–6 in.) 

to dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/2) .................................................................................................................... 0–1 

Sand; very fine to fine grading down to fine; 

silty; olive gray (5Y 4/2) grading to 

grayish orange pink (5YR 7/2) at 4 ft ................................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, 

pale-olive-gray (5Y 7/1) ..................................................................................................................................... 6–11

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, very silty 

and clayey, sticky, dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1) .................................................................................................... 11–16

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Duplin Formation

Coquina, with very fine to fine quartz sand 

matrix; olive gray (5Y 4/1); shells include 

Dinocardium .................................................................................................................................................... 16–20

Calcarenite, very shelly; interbedded with 

coquina with silty very fine quartz-sand 

matrix; grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) grading 

down to dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) at 26 ft; 

black quartz discoid 2 cm in diameter in basal foot......................................................................................... 20–32

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; fine grading down to fine to medium; 

silty; slightly clayey; micaceous; very dark 

greenish gray (5GY 3/1)................................................................................................................................... 32–41 

Base of Waccamaw Formation, Bahramsville unit: +122 ft above sea level

Base of Duplin Formation: +106 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
269

White Lake Quadrangle

WL–1–07: 0.61 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.73 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 50 ft north of 

North Carolina Highway 41 on right side of driveway to abandoned house, 0.17 mi west of where power line crosses 

North Carolina Highway 41, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.6937°N., longitude 78.3856°W.). Surface 

elevation 77 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly 

clayey; medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading rapidly down through light grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6)............................................................................................................................................................ 0–1 

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine); light 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4) with darkyellowish-orange (10YR 6/6) streaks grading 

down to dark reddish brown (10R 3/6) 

intermingled with yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) at 4 ft....................................................................................................... 1–6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty; dark reddish 

brown (10R 3/6) intermingled with 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) and dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................................................................................................................ 6–9 

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; yellowish gray (5Y 8/1); subrounded to 

rounded below 15 ft ........................................................................................................................................ 9–17.5

Sand; medium to coarse with subangular to 

subrounded quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in 

diameter; dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6); 

lower contact abrupt...................................................................................................................................... 17.5–18

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Clay, sandy (very fine), silty, stiff, dense, 

slightly micaceous, sparsely lignitic, 

dark-olive-gray (5Y 3/1); contains a single 

5-mm-thick layer of fine to medium quartz 

sand .................................................................................................................................................................. 18–21 

Base of Charles City Formation: +59 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
270

WL–2–07: 3.79 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 6.92 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along abandoned 

loop of North Carolina Highway 210, 20 ft northwest of 90-ft benchmark, along eastern margin of Reedy Branch Bay, 

in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 34.7255°N., longitude 78.4412°W.). Surface elevation 90 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Dune sand

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, subrounded, 

soft, variably humic; brownish gray (5YR 4/1) 

grading down through very pale orange (10YR 8/2) 

(0.5–1 ft), pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) (1–2 ft), 

and dusky brown (5YR 2/2) (2–2.5 ft) to 

olive gray (5Y 4/2)............................................................................................................................................... 0–3 

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Carolina Bay fill

Silt, very fine to fine sandy, clayey, light-olivegray (5Y 6/1) ........................................................................................................................................................ 3–6 

Sand, very fine to medium, dominantly fine, 

poorly sorted, silty; brownish gray (5YR 5/1) 

grading down through grayish brown (5YR 3/2) to 

light olive gray (5Y 5/2) ..................................................................................................................................... 6–11

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, very clayey, greasy, sandy (very fine); 

tree roots; upper 1 ft olive gray (5Y 4/2) 

grading rapidly down to grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)............................................................................................. 11–15

Sand; fine to medium grading down to 

medium to very coarse; poorly sorted; pale 

olive gray (5Y 6/2) grading down to grayish 

yellow (5Y 7/4) at about 18 ft........................................................................................................................... 15–27

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, lignitic, 

micaceous, stiff, dense, olive-gray (5Y 4/1)..................................................................................................... 27–30

Sand, fine to medium, light-olive-gray 

(5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................................................................ 30–31
271

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, 

carbonaceous; very dark dusky red 

(10R 2/2) with thin interbeds of very 

dark dusky red lignite and silty, dense 

clays and thin interbeds of light-olivegray (5Y 6.5/1), fine to medium sand............................................................................................................... 31–46

Base of dune sand: +87 ft above sea level

Base of bay fill: +79 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +63 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
272

WL–3–07: 3.42 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 1.15 mi north of southern quadrangle border, 200 ft north of 

unnumbered dirt road, 0.3 mi south of the “P” in “Mill Pond” label on map, in south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 

34.6419°N., longitude 78.4344°W.). Surface elevation 85 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; subrounded 

to rounded; clean; soft; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/2) on dusky brown (5YR 2/2); lower 

contact gradational ............................................................................................................................................... 0–2 

Sand; fine to medium, dominantly fine; subrounded 

to rounded; clean; soft; very humic; dark brown 

(5YR 2/4); roots.................................................................................................................................................... 2–8 

Sand, fine, subangular to subrounded, humic; 

medium brown (5YR 4/4) grading down to 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ...................................................................................................................... 8–15

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) grading down to brownish 

gray (5YR 5/1).................................................................................................................................................. 15–16

Peat, dark brown (5YR 2/4) grading down to 

grayish brown (5YR 3/2); abundant 

light-brown (5YR 6/6) wood ............................................................................................................................ 16–21

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

humic, slightly silty; upper foot dark yellowish 

gray (5Y 6/2) then grades down rapidly to medium 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ............................................................................................................................ 21–26

Sand, fine to medium, dominantly fine, subangular 

to subrounded, humic, slightly silty, thixotropic, 

medium-yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4).............................................................................................................. 26–30

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Charles City Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), sticky, lightolive-gray (5Y 5/2); lower contact somewhat gradational................................................................................ 30–39

Sand, fine to medium, light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2).............................................................................................. 39–40

(No recovery, fell off stem) ............................................................................................................................. 40–44
273

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Sand; fine to medium grading down to medium to 

coarse; clayey; silty; micaceous; stiff; dense; 

olive gray (5Y 4/1); sparse light-olive-brown (5Y 5/6) 

to dusky-yellowish-brown (10YR 2/2) lignite .................................................................................................. 44–46

Base of dune sand: +55 ft above sea level

Base of Charles City Formation: +41 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
274

WL–4–07: 5.31 mi west of eastern quadrangle border, 4.27 mi north of southern quadrangle border, along unnumbered 

dirt road, 1.10 mi east of junction of U.S. Highway 701 and North Carolina State Road 1519, in west-central 1/9th of 

map area (latitude 34.6869°N., longitude 78.4676°W.). Surface elevation 72 ft. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH, IN FEET

Charles City Formation

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

silty; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) grading 

down through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) (0.5–1 ft), 

medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) (1–1.5 ft), 

and medium brown (5YR 3/6) (1.5–2.5 ft) to 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ....................................................................................................................................... 0–3 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

clean, pale-grayish-orange-pink (5YR 8/2)........................................................................................................... 3–6 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subrounded, 

slightly silty; pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) grading 

down to brownish gray (5YR 5/1) at 9 ft............................................................................................................ 6–10

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, yellowishgray (5Y 7/2) ................................................................................................................................................. 10–10.5

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey; varicolored, 

including light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), 

brownish gray (5YR 5/2), dusky brown 

(5YR 2/2), pale olive gray (5Y 7/1), and light 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2); lower contact gradational....................................................................................... 10.5–18

Sand; medium to very coarse, dominantly 

medium to coarse; very poorly sorted; slightly 

silty; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2); scattered rounded 

quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.5 cm in length; 

lower contact gradational................................................................................................................................. 18–28

Sand, coarse to very coarse; gravelly with 

subrounded to rounded quartz pebbles up to 

1 cm in length; silty; olive gray (5Y 5/1).......................................................................................................... 28–32

---------------------------------------- UNCONFORMITY ----------------------------------------

Tar Heel Formation

Silt, very clayey, sandy (very fine), 

micaceous, olive-gray (5Y 4/1); 3-in.-thick 

piece of dark-brown (5YR 2/4) lignite and

6-in.-thick layer of light-olive-gray (5Y 5/2), 

fine to medium, micaceous sand ...................................................................................................................... 32–36

Base of Charles City Formation: +40 ft above sea level

Bottomed in Tar Heel Formation
275

Appendix 2. Supplementary Basement Data 

Basement

elevation

 (in feet)

 Latitude Longitude Well name Data source

-48 34.9917°N. 78.9583°W. CD–T–3–XX Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-98 34.9875°N. 78.7542°W. CD–T–3–81 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-106 34.9327°N. 78.7392°W. Cedar Creek Fire 

Tower Station

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-110 34.9877°N. 78.7548°W. Seabrook School 

Station

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-114 34.8825°N. 78.6575°W. Bushy Lake Station North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-127 34.9581°N. 78.8519°W. Howard Williams North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-127 34.9581°N. 78.8519°W. CD–T–9–74 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-134 34.9733°N. 78.8500°W. Jim Dozer North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-136 34.9869°N. 78.8311°W. Bill Devault North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-141 34.9525°N. 78.9156°W. CT–T–7–74 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-206 4.9936°N. 78.3719°W. SA–T–2–84 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993)

-211 34.8436°N. 78.8383°W. DuPont Corporation North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-258 34.9994°N. 78.34083°W. SA–T–1–86 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-279 34.8111°N. 78.3969°W. Garland Trapp (1992).

-289 34.9881°N. 78.3150°W. Town of Clinton North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010)..
276

Appendix 2. Supplementary Basement Data—Continued

Basement 

elevation

 (in feet)

 Latitude Longitude Well name Data source

-303 34.9753°N. 78.3083°W. Town of Clinton North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-313 34.9889°N. 78.1894°W. Turkey Station North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-366 34.6456°N. 78.6444°W. West Point 

Pepperell

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-371 34.6329°N. 78.6205°W. Town of 

Elizabethtown

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-372 34.8536°N. 78.2625°W. Six Runs Station North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-373 34.6478°N. 78.7309°W. Dublin Station North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-385 34.5700°N. 78.9339°W. VPI–2 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-388 34.9283°N. 78.0639°W. DP–OT–1–69 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-410 34.6553°N. 78.5225°W. White Lake Prison 

Station

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-415 34.6500°N. 78.5183°W. BL–T–1–81 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-432 34.5417°N. 78.7917°W. Town of Bladenboro 

Test Well

North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-463 34.5517°N. 78.5261°W. BL–244/BL–C–1–2003 Unpublished result from deepening 

U.S. Geological Survey core hole 

BL–244 in 2004.

-470 34.5068°N. 78.7543°W. Bladenboro Station North Carolina Geological Survey 

(2010).

-480 34.8481°N. 78.0217°W. DP–T–1–82 Lawrence and Hoffman (1993).

-544 34.6069°N. 78.2422°W. Ivanhoe Research 

Station

Trapp (1992).
277

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle 

Taxon

Lumber

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Pelecypoda

Abra aequalis X 

Amusium mortoni X 

Anadara aequicostata X 

Anadara callicestosa X

Anadara improcera X X X X 

Anadara lienosa X 

Anadara ovalis X 

Anadara propatula X 

Anadara transversa X 

Argopecten comparilis X 

Astarte concentrica X X 

Bornia triangula X 

Carolinapecten eboreus X X X X 

Carditamera arata X X 

Chama corticosa X X 

Chama emmonsi X X X 

Chione cribraria X 

Chione latilirata X X X 

Clinocardium acutilaqueatum X 

Clinocardium virginianum X 

Clinocardium sp. X 

Corbula cuneata X 

Crassostrea virginica X X X 

Crepidula aculeata aculeata X 
278

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber 

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Pelecypoda—continued

Crepidula aculeata costata X 

Crepidula cymbaeformis X 

Crepidula fornicata X 

Crepidula plana X X 

Crucibulum grandis X 

Ctena speciosa ? ? 

Cumingia subtellinoides X 

Cyathodonta dalli X

Diplodonta acclinis X 

Divaricella quadrisulcata X 

Donax cuneola X 

Dosinia acetabula X 

Dosinia elegans X 

Ensis directus X X 

Ensis sp. X X 

Eucrassatella kauffmani X 

Eucrassatella virginica X 

Florimetis magnoliana X 

Gemma magna X 

Glycymeris americana X X 

Glycymeris americana quinquerugata X X 

Glycymeris subovata X X X X 

Glycymeris subovata var. hummi X 

Gouldia metastriata X 
279

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber 

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Pelecypoda—continued

Macrocallista albraria X 

Macrocallista greeni X 

Mercenaria campechiensis campechiensis X 

Mercenaria corrugata X 

Merceneria tridachnoides X 

Merceneria sp. X 

Modiolus gigas X 

Mulinia congesta X X X 

Mulinia lateralis X X 

Noetia carolinensis X 

Noetia limula X 

Nucula proxima X 

Nucula taphria X 

Nuculana acuta X 

Nuculana hypsoma X 

Nuculana sp. X 

Ostrea compressirostra X X X 

Ostrea sculpturata X X 

Panopea reflexa X 

Parvilucina crenulata X 

Parvilucina multilineata X 

Parvilucina (Cavilinga) trisulcata X 

Pecten hemicyclicus X 

Placunanomia plicata (thick form) X 
280

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber 

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Pelecypoda—continued

Pleuromeris decemcostata X 

Pleuromeris tridentata X 

Plicatula marginata X X X X 

Pododesmus sp. X 

Pseudomiltha anodonta X 

Quadrilatera adamsi X 

Raeta plicatella X 

Rangia clathrodonta X 

Semele carinata X X 

Sphenia dubia X 

Spisula confraga X 

Strigilla mirabilis X 

Tagelus plebeius X 

Yoldia laevis X 

Gastropoda

Busycon contrarium X 

Busycon excavatum X 

Busycon incile X 

Busycon maximum maximum X 

Busycon maximum filosum X 

Busycon sp. X X 

Caecum compactum X 

Caecum johnsoni X 

Calliostoma lapidosum X 
281

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber 

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Gastropoda—continued

Calyptraea centralis X 

Conus marylandicus X 

Conus adversarius X 

Crassispira virginiana X 

Crepidula fornicata X 

Crepidula sp. X 

Crucibulum scutellatum X 

Cyclostremiscus obliquestriatus X 

Cymatosyrinx lunata X X 

Diodora sp. X 

Drillia impressa X 

Epitonium rupicolum X 

Eupleura caudata X 

Euspira sayana X 

Fusinus exilis exilis X 

Fusinus exilis burnsii X 

Hesperisternia filicata ? 

Ilyanassa porcina X 

Littorina irrorata carolinensis X 

Lunatia interna X 

Mitrella lunata X 

Nassarius quadrulatus X X X 

Oliva canaliculata X X 

Olivella mutica X X X 
282

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber 

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Gastropoda—continued

Petaloconchus sculpturatus X X X 

Polinices duplicatus X 

Prunum limatulum X X X X X 

Prunum virginianum X 

Ptychosalpinx multirugata X 

Ptychosalpinx tuomeyi X 

Scalaspira sp. ? 

Serpulorbis granifera X 

Skenea harrisii X 

Tectonatica pusilla X 

Teinostoma nana X 

Terebra blakei X 

Terebra emmonsii emmonsii X 

Terebra emmonsii grayi X 

Terebra emmonsii hamptonensis X 

Terebra sp. X X 

Triplofusus gigantea X 

Turritella alticostata ? 

Turritella fluxionalis X 

Turritella virginica X 

Turritella sp. X X 

Urosalpinx lepidota X X 
283

Appendix 3. Fossil Mollusk and Vertebrate Taxa Recovered in the 

Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon

Lumber

River1

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–121

(Duplin

Formation)

Locality 

WS–131

(Duplin

Formation)

Elizabethtown 

beds2

Locality RH–

191 

(Waccamaw

Formation)

Selachii

Squalicorax kaupi 3 X X 

Squalicorax pristodontus 3 X 

1

Collection reposited with the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, N.C., under accession number 

12351. 

2

Faunal list compiled by Campbell (1993), which also provides a comprehensive list of species from elsewhere in the 

Duplin and Waccamaw Formations. 

3

Specimens reworked into base of Duplin Formation from Tar Heel Formation below. 
284

Appendix 4. Upper Cretaceous Fossil Vertebrate Taxa Reported by Miller 

(1966, 1967, 1968), Baird and Horner (1979), and Robb (1989) From Phoebus 

Landing in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle

Taxon Affinity

Chondrichthyes

Hybodus montanensis Hybodont shark

Ischyrhiza mira Ganopristine shark

Odontaspis samhammeri Sand shark

Scapanorhynchus texanus Goblin shark

Squalicorax kaupi Crow shark

Squalicorax pristodontus Crow shark

Squatina hassei Angel shark

Synodontaspis holmdelensis Sand shark

Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis Cow-nosed ray

Rhombodus levis Primitive ray

Ischyodus cf. I. bifurcatus Ratfish

Osteichthyes 

Albula sp. Bonefish

Anomoeodus phaseolus Pycnodont fish

Cylindracanthus ornatus Affinity uncertain

Enchodus cf. E. petrosus Primitive salmon

Lepisosteidae indet. Garfish

Paralbula casei Primitive ladyfish

Saurodon sp. Osteoglossomorph fish

Stephanodus sp. Triggerfish

Xiphactinus audax Primitive tarpon

Reptilia

Adocus sp. Soft-shell turtle

Bothremys barberi Side-neck turtle
285

Appendix 4. Upper Cretaceous Fossil Vertebrate Taxa Reported by Miller 

(1966, 1967, 1968), Baird and Horner (1979), and Robb (1989) From Phoebus 

Landing in the Elizabethtown 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle—Continued

Taxon Affinity

Reptilia—continued

Brachychampsa sp. Alligatorid crocodilian

cf. Thoracosaurus neocessariensis Gavialid crocodilian

Deinosuchus rugosus Alligatorid crocodilian

Dryptosaurus sp. Theropod dinosaur

Hadrosaurinae indet. Medium-sized hadrosaur

Halosaurus sp. Mosasaur

Hypsibema crassicauda Giant hadrosaur

Leidyosuchus cf. L. formidabilis Alligatorid crocodilian

Ornithomimus sp. Theropod dinosaur

Platecarpus sp. Mosasaur

Prognathodon sp. Mosasaur

Taphrosphys dares Side-neck turtle

Trionyx halophilus Soft-shell turtle

Tylosaurus sp. Mosasaur
286

Manuscript approved on May 5, 2011.

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