United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Lewis &d Clark 

National Forest 

P.O. Box 869 

Great Falls, MT. 

59403 

Fiscal Year 1989 

3- 88 1, 

LEWIS AND CLARK 

NATIONAL FOREST PLAN 

Monitoring and Evaluation Report 

Belt Creek Canyon below Monarch in the Little Belt Mountains. 
Forest 

Service 

Lewis & Clark NF 

Aghxlture 

REPLY TO: 1920 Date: Jcine 25, 1990 

SUBJECT: FY 1989 Monitoring and Evaluation Report 

TO: Forest Plan Participant 

Enclosed for your review and use is the 'FY 1989 Monitoring and Evaluation Report' for the Lewis and Clark 

National Forest Plan. 

As shown by the Report, I believe we are well on our way of implementing the integrated resource 

management as described in the Forest Plan into on-the-ground projects. These projects, which consider 

all resources for a particular piece of land, help us move toward the desired future condition for the Forest 

as described in the Plan. 

After three years of monitoring, we are seeing some trends develop. Some of these trends, such as meeting 

or exceeding many of our Forest Plan outputs and activity levels, makes us feel good. For example, our 

1987 wildlife habitat improvement level was at less than 50% of the projected Forest Plan level. Through 

the development and use of a habitat improvement program, our 1989 level was almost double the 

projected Forest Plan level. 

In some areas where we have not been completely successful in meeting Forest Plan outputs, we have 

rechanneled our energies. Over the last three years, the Forest has sold a little over 60% of the timber sale 

program (Allowable Sale Quantity). The shortfall is the result of not getting Environmental Assessments 

through the appeal process. We have shifted documenting our timber sale analysis into EISs. While they 

take more time to prepare, ElSs are more defensible and they give the public more opportunity to 

participate in the process. We believe that with this increased effort we can meet our goal of having the 

NEPA document completed two years before project implementation. 

In a few cases, we feel frustrated because our program lacks the time and money to accomplish the level 

of activity that was envisioned in the Forest Plan. For example, our goal of not having more than 10% of 

our range allotment management plans outdated is not being met. With limited funds, we are placing our 

emphasis on range allotment administration. We feel that this has a higher priority. 

Although the overall budget to implement the Forest Plan has been lower than envisioned, we are seeing 

a more balanced program. Through the outyear programming process the actual Forest budget is being 

moved towards those elements that are emphasized in the Forest Plan. 

As part of the Forest Planning process, we must conduct a 5-year Review of our Forest Plan. We will be 

analyzing and dealing with items such as these during this review. 

In some related Forest Plan happenings, the Chief of the Forest Service has just affirmed the Regional 

Forester decision on the last two Forest Plan appeals. This brings to a close a long chapter in our Forest 

Planning process. All 13 of the Forest Plan appeals have been resolved (1 was withdrawn, 1 was dismissed, 

and in 11 the decision was affirmed). In response to the appeals, the Chief has directed the Forest to: 
Reassess the demand for timber (5 year Review). 

Reassess the timber values and costs (5 year Review). 

Analyze the effects of the alternatives on Management Indicator Species not displayed in the 

Forest Plan EIS. 

Correct the inconstancy pertaining to motorized use in Management Area Q. (This was 

completed as part of Forest Plan Amendment No. 3). 

The Lewis and Clark Forest continues to be a very busy place. I want to call to your attention some of the 

more important projects that are described on pages 54 through 58 in the Monitoring and Evaluation 

Report. Again, I want to thank you for your interest in the Lewis and Clark National Forest. Please contact 

us if you have any questions on the Forest Plan or the Monitoring and Evaluation Report. 

JOHN D GORMAN 

Forest Supervisor 
FOREST PIAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION REPORT 

FISCAL YEAR 1989 

LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL FOREST 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. 

II. 

111. 

INTRODUCTION 1 

GOALS 2 

FOREST PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION 2 

Elements: 

Recreation (A) 

Wilderness (B) 

Wildlife and Fish (C) 

Range (D) 

Timber (E) 

Soil, Water, and Air (F) 

Minerals (G) 

Lands (J) 

Facilities (L) 

Protection (P) 

General (I) 

3 

12 

13 

24 

29 

38 

43 

46 

49 

51 

54 

Comparison of Outputs and Activities with those Projected in the Forest Plan 

for the Planning Period - Fiscal Years 1987 through 1996 

60 

Comparison of the Actual Budget Received in FY 1989 with the Forest Plan 

Projected Annual Budget 

61 

IV. PLANNED ACTIONS 62 

V. RESEARCH NEEDS 63 

VI. AMENDMENTS 64 

VII. APPENDICES 65 

VIII. LIST OF PREPARERS 66 

IX. APPROVAL 66 
It. GOALS 

The goals for monitoring and evaluating the Forest Plan are to determine: 

--How well the Forest is meeting its planned goals and objectives; 

--If existing and emerging public issues and management concerns are being adequately addressed; 

--How closely the Forest Plan management standards are being followed; 

--If outputs and service are being provided as projected; 

--If the effects of implementing the Forest Plan are occurring as predicted, including significant 

changes in the productivity of the land; 

--If the cost of implementing the Forest Plan are as predicted; 

--If implementing the Forest Plan is affecting the land, resources, and communities adjacent to or near 

the Forest; 

--If activities on nearby lands managed by other Federal or other governmental agencies, or under the 

jurisdiction of local governments, is affecting management of the Forest; 

--If research is needed to support the management of the Forest, beyond that identified in Chapter II 

of the Forest Plan: and 

--If there is a need to amend or revise the Forest Plan. 

111. FOREST PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION 

Forest Plan management activities were monitored and evaluated as outlined in Table 5.1 Forest Plan 

Monitoring Requirements and Forest Service Handbook 1909.1 2, to determine how well objectives were met 

and how closely management standards were applied. The document resulting from the use of the Decision 

Flow Diagram constitutes the evaluation report. As applicable, the following will be included in the evaluation 

report: 

--A quantitative estimate of performance comparing outputs and service with those projected by the 

Forest Plan; 

--Documentation of measured effects, including any change in productivity of the land; 

--Unit costs associated with carrying out the planned activities as compared with unit costs estimated 

during Forest Plan development: 

--Recommendations for changes; 

--A list of needs for continuing evaluation of management systems and for alternative methods of 

management; 

2 
--A list of additional research needed to support the management of the Forest; and 

--Identification of additional monitoring needs to facilitate achievement of the monitoring goals. 

The results of the evaluation report have been summarized and are discussed on the following pages. Each 

monitoring item lists: (1) what is being measured; (2) frequency of measurement; (3) reporting period; (4) 

variable which would initiate further evaluation; and (5) the results of the monitoring. They are grouped by 

resource area and follow the monitoring requirements in the Lewis and Clark Forest Plan (Table 5.1). 

RECREATION 

A-1 Recreation Opportunity Spectrum setting belng Implemented. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent per 10 years. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 10 percent of projected Recreation 

Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) setting. 

The settings to be monitored in the Forest Plan are: primitive, semi-primitive, and roaded, natural. No 

differentiation is made between semi-primitive non-motorized and semi-primitive motorized settings in the 

Forest Plan. These settings are determined by the Forest Travel Plan. 

The Forest Plan provides for management of 436,000 acres in a primitive setting as wilderness. Currently the 

Forest has 384,000 acres in wilderness and the Forest Plan proposes an additional 52,000 acres which is 

managed in a primitive setting. The final decision concerning wilderness designation is dependent on 

Congressional action. A Wilderness bill was passed by Congress in 1988 which would have provided 

considerably more wilderness than recommended in the Forest Plan, However, the legislation was vetoed by 

the President and no change actually occurred in the wilderness acreage during the 1988 and 1989 period. 

The Forest Plan also provides for 933,000 acres to be managed in a semi-primitive condition and 457,000 

acres to be managed in a roaded natural setting during the first decade. No significant change occurred in 

these settings during FY 1989. The only activities conducted which would affect these settings were timber 

sales totalling approximately 65 acres. These were all conducted in presently roaded areas where the Forest 

Plan recreation setting is roaded, natural. Therefore, the recreation setting is consistent with Forest Plan 

direction. The monitoring plan suggests measuring this item only at ten-year intervals and requires no 

additional evaluation unless the setting deviates plus or minus 10 percent from the planned recreation 

settings. Therefore, no additional evaluation is required. 

The recreation settings in the Forest Plan were refined in FY 1988 by completing a new Forest Travel Plan. 

This Travel Plan implemented the recreation settings in the Forest Plan and also differentiated between 

semi-primitive motorized and semi-primitive non-motorized settings on the Forest. This Travel Plan was 

completed with extensive public involvement and is a key tool for Forest Plan implementation of recreation 

settings. The new Travel Plan was adopted in June, 1988. New signs have been installed and new maps have 

been prepared and made available to the public. Seventeen appeals were received on the Travel Plan and 

these were responded to in N 1988. Three appeals are still being negotiated at the end of FY 1989. In all 

of the other appeals, the Forest Supervisor decision was affirmed. The new Travel Plan is currently being 

implemented. 

3 
A-2 Recreation direction meets expectation of visitor. 

Frequency of Measurement: 10 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989) 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Adverse comments or correspondence. 

This particular item is difficult to measure in an objective way. At almost any point in time, some people’s 

expectations would be met and the expectations of others would not be met. The measurement is through 

visitor contacts, inspections, and plans. In this monitoring report the assumption is made that the Forest Plan 

direction is satisfactory unless strong public complaints have been received and/or major issues have 

developed which indicate that the direction is not correct. Several identified issues were addressed in the 

revision of the Forest Travel Plan. 

Another measure of the effectiveness of recreation direction was the recreation program review conducted 

in FY 1987 by the recreation staff group in the Regional Office. This review was conducted at the request of 

the Forest to assess the current status of the recreation program and to make recommendations for future 

improvements in the program. Some of the key management concerns which were surfaced in that review 

are listed below. These have been addressed with an action plan in FY 1988 and accomplishment of the 

action items to date are reported below. The major findings of this review as they relate to visitor expectations 

are as follows: 

A. The Forest Plan budget as originally proposed is probably inadequate to meet all of the 

recreation goals. This finding is based on a Regional analysis of Forest Plan budgets and related 

workloads. 

The Forest Plan budget was amended to correct the identified problem. 

B. The coordination between timber management activities and snowmobilelcross country ski 

activities in the Kings Hill area needed to be strengthened. Several comments were received from 

recreationists concerning timber sales (particularly small sales) which have created problems; 

such as, (1) plowing of roads which had been approved for snowmobile trail grooming, (2) 

placement of hazards such as snow berms in groomed snowmobile trails, (3) unsafe dual use of 

plowed areas by snowmobiles and logging equipment, (4) placement of slash in cross country ski 

trails, and (5) concerns for wind scour of snow trails (due to opening of the tree canopy). 

These concerns have since been addressed through timber sale contract clauses and development 

of a coordination procedure. This procedure involves consultation between the snowmobile clubs and 

Forest Service when timber sales are proposed for winter logging in areas of groomed snowmobile 

trails. Generally, the amount of winter logging has been reduced in new timber sales which has 

reduced the potential for conflict. Coordination between timber management and snowmobile/cross 

country ski activities was accomplished in 1989. 

C. Several concerns about signing were surfaced during the review and are listed below. 

These concerns with signing led to a major Forest objective in FY 1988 to correct signing problems. 

As a result of that effort, a new Forest policy concerning signing was developed to address the 

problems listed below. That policy was developed in consultation with the Regional Office and with the 

District Rangers on the Forest. This policy is currently being incorporated into the Forest Service 

Manual and considerable progress was made in FY 1989 to implement the policy on the ground. 

4 
(1) Slgnlng Is not adequate on the Forest to direct recreatlonlsts to the opportunities which exist. 

A major provision of the new sign policy is to direct people from major highways to the National Forest. 

This will be done with standard signs stating 'National Forest Access' at intersections with main 

highways, followed by appropriate directional signing at intermediate intersections between the highway and the National Forest boundary. The new Forest Travel Maps also show access routes to the 

National Forest where a public right-of-way exists. This signing has been completed on the Rocky 

Mountain Division of the Forest and will be completed on the Jefferson Division in FY 1990. 

(2) In some cases signing is negative and focuses on regulations without provldlng useful visitor 

Information. 

Standard specifications were developed for bulletin boards at trailheads and in campgrounds. Several 

suggestions were adopted in the signing policy to reduce negative messages and emphasize providing positive user information. New campground signing reflects the concern and provides useful 

information. 

(3) In many cases It Is difficult to identify access routes to the Forest. 

This is addressed above. New 'National Forest Access' signs have been purchased and will be 

installed in FY 1990. 

(4) Signing on some of the wlnter sports trails also needs to be Improved. 

A policy was developed to provide consistent signing of snow trails on the Forest. This policy is being 

implemented on all Ranger Districts at the present time. 

(5) The new Forest Travel Plan will need to be signed on the ground to be effectively Implemented. 

A standard approach to signing the new Forest Travel Plan was developed. All signs have been 

ordered and many have been installed. The remainder will be installed in the spring of 1990. The 

intensive fire season on the Forest in 1988 prevented completion of the signing as soon as desired. 

D. A major concern highlighted in the revlew is the need to obtain reasonable public access to 

the National Forest. The Lewls and Clark National Forest is composed of six separate mountain 

ranges which are surrounded by private land. Because of this, a large number of rights-of-way are 

requlred to provide long term public access. The current Forest Plan direction Identifies most of 

the rights-of-way needed to provide this access. However, progress on obtaining these access 

points has been slow and protracted negotiatlons with landowners has been the rule. A need 

exlsts to more efficiently acquire the Identified rights-of-way. 

The action proposed to meet this need is to focus efforts in a given mountain range or area until the 

job is complete. This will allow an analysis of access needs in a given mountain range/area. Personnel 

can also be focused efficiently to negotiate with landowners, survey, and produce right-of-way plats, 

and appraise the value of right-of-ways. This approach was initiated in the Highwood Mountains in FY 

1988. Access needs in the Highwoods were given high priority because of their proximity to recreation 

users in Great Falls. Negotiations are continuing on the Highwoods access routes. Coordination with 

other public agencies, particularly the counties, is also being strengthened. In FY 1989, public scoping, 

as part of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, was conducted to determine what 

access and recreation needs the public would like to have in the Highwood Mountains. This analysis 

will continue into FY 1990. 

5 
. 

E. Another concern Identified in the review is the need to improve integrated planning for recreational opportunities on an 'area' basis and to use this planning to identify appropriate recreation 

facilities. This planning must be based on the recreation setting in the Forest Plan and be 

coordinated with recreation users. No need (because of projected demand) is identified in the 

Forest Pian to construct new developed campgrounds. Therefore, this planning will be focused 

on rehabilitating existing sites to meet today's needs and on providing facilities such as trails and 

trailheads which facilitate dispersed recreation opportunities. 

Forest personnel and cooperators completed the plans for the Marias Pass Recreation Complex in FY 

1988. Construction began in the summer of 1989 and will be completed in the spring of 1990. When 

complete the area will include a redesigned viewing area for the Roosevett Memorial and other statues 

and memorials in the Pass area. Parking will be provided for the Memorial Square and for snowmobile 

winter use of the area. The existing Summit Campground is being rehabilitated and the roads and 

parking spurs will be paved. Visitor information concerning Marias Pass, Glacier National Park, and 

other recreation opportunities in the area will be provided. This is a cooperative project with several 

agencies and individuals involved. Funding is being provided by the Forest Service, Montana Department of Highways, and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 

Legislation was also passed in 1988 authorizing construction of the Lewis and Clark Visitor Center in 

Great Falls which will be managed by the Forest Service. The legislation requires that a final plan for 

the Center be prepared and presented to Congress within two years for funding. Much of the recreation 

planning activity in FY 1989 focused on the Visitor Center. This planning is being done in partnership 

with local agencies and individuals. 

F. Another concern is to develop a policy towards providing outfitter services on the Forest. An 

interim policy was developed on the Forest in FY 1987 and is currently being followed. 

Development of a more definitive policy was initiated in FY 1988 and completed in FY 1989. Outfitter 

policy for the Smith River on the Kings Hill Ranger District was developed in the Smith River Management Plan completed in FY 1988 and implemented in FY 1989. The Smith River Management Plan was 

developed in cooperation with the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and was finalized 

in FY 1988. The Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex outfitter policy conforms with the Bob Marshall, 

Great Bear and Scapegoat Wildernesses Recreation Management Direction completed in FY 1987. 

G. A strong internal and public concern is the ability of the Forest to provide adequate law 

enforcement to implement the changes in the new Forest Travel Plan. 

Presently, there is a Level IV Law Enforcement Officer assigned to the Supervisors Office in Great Falls, 

and a Level IV Law Enforcement Officer stationed at the Rocky Mountain and Kings Hill Ranger 

Districts. In addition, patrols were conducted during the hunting season to enforce Travel Plan rules 

and during the firewood season to enforce firewood regulations. Information from Ranger District 

personnel indicates that the new Forest Travel Plan was implemented with few problems. Particularly 

noticeable was a reduction in complaints about All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) during the 1989 hunting 

season. Some localized areas required additional signing and additional enforcement effort in FY 1989. 

The Tenderfoot-Deep Creek area on the Kings Hill Ranger District was specifically mentioned. Late 

season efforts may also need to be intensified in some areas. Overall, however, the new Forest Travel 

Plan was implemented with a minimum of conflict and enforcement problems were limited. 

6 
A-3 Actual recreational use In the categorles of Wilderness, dispersed, and developed recreation as 

compared to projected levels In the Forest Plan. 

ation 

Wilderness 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

86 54 42 60 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Varlabllity Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 25 percent variance yearly or plus or 

minus 10 percent over a 5-year period. 

The Recreation Information Management (RIM) reports for the Forest provide the base information to measure 

use in the categories described. The Forest Plan projects that total recreation use will average 869,000 visitor 

days in the first decade. This is broken down as follows: (1) Developed recreation - 169,000 visitor days; (2) 

non-wilderness dispersed re,creation - 61 4,000 visitor days; and (3) wilderness use - 86,000 visitor days. 

Recreation use in FY 1989 was as follows: (1) Developed recreation - 205,000 visitor days (121 percent of 

the Forest Plan level); (2) non-wilderness dispersed recreation - 450,000 visitor days (73 percent of the Forest 

Plan level); and (3) wilderness use - 60,000 visitor days (70 percent of the Forest Plan level). Developed site 

use was significantly above that of FY 1988. Dispersed recreation use was 11 percent less than in FY 1988. 

Wilderness use showed an increase over FY 1987 and 1988. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 recreation use is as follows: 

RECREATION (Thousand Visitor Days) 

r I I 

7 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

The major increase in wilderness use may be attributable to people desiring to see the effects caused by the 

major prescribed natural fires that burned the area in 1988. While wilderness usage increased, recreationists, 

including commercial outfitters, avoided camping in burned areas. As stated in the monitoring report for FY 

1987, wilderness use was on the decline and as indicated by use statistics for the Bob Marshall Wilderness, 

use of the area peaked in 1982. Future monitoring will determine if this declining trend continues and should 

give an indication of the effects of the 1988 fires on wilderness use to help us determine if actual use in FY 

1989 is a reversal of the downward trend. Some adjustments may have to be made in the Forest Plan if usage 

continues to decline. 

The level of use in dispersed areas outside wilderness also is below the projected Forest Plan level. The 

projections for dispersed use will also need to be monitored for validity. As projected now, a steady rate of 

increase would occur through the planning period. Increases in dispersed recreation use may well occur as 

7 
a result of better marketing of recreation opportunities on the Forest and by providing additional public access 

and improved informational signing. Better marketing is planned as the Forest responds to the National 

Recreation Strategy. 

A-4 Condition of developed sltes. 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would initiate Further Evaluation: Less than acceptable standards, public safety hazards 

not corrected by 1990, poor conditions not corrected by 2005. 

The condition of developed sites was about the same or slightly improved in FY 1989. The Forest has 

identified recreation rehabilitation projects by priority through the year 2000 based on the budget level 

programmed in the Forest Plan. All developed site water and sanitation systems have been brought up to 

proper standard in the past few years. Public health and safety hazards are corrected at all sites, except for 

routine maintenance. Poor site conditions will be corrected by 2005 as projected in the Forest Plan, provided 

that recreation funds are received as programmed. Attention will be necessary to provide handicapped 

facilities. 

A-5 Recreation Opportunity 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further' Evaluation: Failure to complete by FY 1986. 

This standard is measured by the status of Recreation Opportunity Guides (ROG) on each Ranger District. 

Further evaluation is triggered by a failure to complete these guides on all Districts by FY 1986. Currently the 

guides have been completed on the Rocky Mountain Division, but are not complete for the Jefferson Division 

of the Forest. This resulted in a Forest Objective in FY 1988 to complete key ROG pages for specific areas 

in the Jefferson Division. The ROG for the Kings Hill Ranger District in the Little Belt Mountains was completed 

in FY 1988. ROGs were initiated in the Snowy Mountains and in the Highwood Mountains. The remainder of 

the ROG will be completed over the next 1-2 years. 

8 
A-6 Off-road vehlcle damage and Travel Pian effectlveness. 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

Reportlng Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Varlablllty Whlch Would lnltlate Further Evaluation: 

Off -road vehicle damage - Conflicts with Forest Management Area goals. 

Travel Plan effectiveness - Increase of 20 or more citations or variances yearly. 

This standard is monitored by two items. The first item is the status of the Forest Travel Plan as it relates to 

Forest Plan goals. As stated earlier, the Forest Travel Plan was revised in FY 1988 specifically to bring it into 

compliance with Forest Plan standards and to implement the recreation settings in the Forest Plan. The new 

Forest Travel Plan also addressed several issues; such as, ATVs which surfaced. 

The second monitoring item is the number of Forest Travel Plan citations issued and the number of Travel 

Plan variances granted. These are summarized below along with a short narrative response concerning the 

types of violations and problems experienced by the Districts, An increase of 20 violationslinvestigations 

indicates the need for further evaluation. 

Rocky Mountain Ranger District 

Ten travel plan related citations were issued in FY 1989. Most violations were issued during the hunting 

season. Citations were issued for travel on closed roads and AN use within designated wilderness. District 

personnel feel that compliance with Travel Plan restrictions is improved over previous years, but additional 

enforcement effort is needed. The Ranger District has one Level IV Law Enforcement Officer. Enforcement 

efforts are enhanced through cooperation with local, state, and federal officers. 

Judith Ranger District 

No citations were issued and no variances were granted in FY 1989. Overall impressions were that the new 

Forest Travel Plan was generally supported and violations were few. Only two known violations of the Travel 

Plan were noted during the hunting season. These violations should be alleviated in FY 1990 with better 

' signing and scheduling of back country guards or trail crews to monitor use and enforce Travel Plan 

restrictions. Signing in the Hoover SpringslAnt Park area is not effective in showing open and closed routes. 

Musselshell Ranger District 

During FY 1989, the Ranger District recorded five incidences of Travel Plan violations. Four citations were 

issued for violating Travel Plan restrictions. The most significant problems noted continue to be associated 

with motorcycles, AN, and 4x4 use in restricted areas. 

Kings Hill Ranger District 

Nine Travel Plan violations were investigated by District personnel. Four violation notices were issued.' In 

general, compliance was good and few incidents were noted in 26 days of patrolling during the fall. Additional 

enforcement effort was taken in the Tenderfoot-Deep Creek area and during the last two weeks of hunting 

season and will continue into FY 1990. A Level IV Law Enforcement Officer has been assigned to the Ranger 

District. 

9 
Overall Forest Picture 

Overall, District personnel felt that more Travel Plan enforcement was needed and that attention must be given 

to completion of signing. However, the general impression of District personnel was that overall compliance 

with the Forest Travel Plan was good. Particularly noticeable was the limited number of complaints about 

ATVs during this hunting season. Eighteen complaints were received in the Supervisor's Office concerning 

the new Forest Travel Plan and it appears to have reasonable public acceptance. The extensive public 

involvement in development of the Forest Travel Plan may have paid dividends in that the Travel Plan was 

understood by many people prior to implementation. 

Cooperation was received from the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, County Officers, and the 

general public in reporting known violations. 

A-7 Condition of visual resource meets objectives in plan. 

Frequency of Measurement: 25 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Deviation from approved Visual Quality Objectives 

determined by Interdisciplinary Team review of environmental assessments. 

This item is measured by taking a 25 percent sample of environmental assessments completed in FY 1989. 

Four assessments were reviewed. With the exception of the Showdown Trails Environmental Assessment, 

Visual Quality Objectives appear likely to be met. Several of the proposed ski trails will not improve the visual 

quality of the Showdown Ski Area and will be visible from US Highway 89, a major arterial road. The 

Environmental Assessment indicated the difficulty in the past of trying to visually rehabilitate existing runs. 

Showdown Ski Area is a heavily modified landscape and does not meet the Forest Plan Visual Quality 

Objectives of Partial Retention. 

A-8 Cultural Resource Protection. 

Frequency of Measurement: Selected sites - Once per 5 years. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Less than 10 percent accomplishment per year. 

The cultural resource program continued to show improvement through FY 1989. For the third year, the 

program has successfully operated under the Northern Region objective of 'Level 11.' 

In all, 44 projects were field inventoried in FY 1989. This resulted in cultural inventory of about 12,200 acres. 

This acreage has significantly increased more than three-fold from FY 1988. Project complexity continues to 

be high, often involving use of more sophisticated archaeological techniques than basic survey. Many 

projects required intensive inventory within a small unit of land (such as range projects involving one acre), 

although we are trying to survey 5-acre minimums. An additional district archaeologist was hired in FY 1989, 

which contributed to the increase in inventoried acreage. 

10 
A total of 34 cultural sites were located within the project areas. Eleven prehistoric sites were newly recorded, 

as were six historic sites. Most of these inventoried sites were archaeologically tested and Determinations of 

Eligibility (DOE) were made. An eligibility determination is a helpful management tool, as it resolves the status 

of a site, so that a 'reassessment' does not need to be done in the future. If no eligibility determination is made, 

then project activities must avoid sites, regardless of their significance. 

Highlights of the FY 1989 field season include: a consolidated inventory was begun at the Cooks Flat 

Archaeological District on the Musselshell Ranger District. A variety of site types are represented in the 18 

prehistoric sites recorded in the district's vicinity; the area holds potential to yield significant information. Field 

work will continue in FY 1990. Another significant archaeological find was made in the vicinity of Haymaker 

on the Musselshell Ranger District. Inventory was completed for the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center to 

be located in Great Falls. A number of trails were inventoried on the Rocky Mountain Division, and the 

historically Theodore Roosevelt memorial obelisk was moved about 100 feet from the center of U.S. Highway 

2. 

The Chevron/Fina Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) was completed. This involved considerable 

consultation with Blackfeet Indian traditionalists, and also considerable research for compiling background 

information regarding the Blackfeet Indian Tribe. A number of presentations (including open houses) were 

made regarding the Blackfeet's concerns for the Badger-Two Medicine area. The archaeological inventory 

was also completed and documented. 

Some of the more important trends in the cultural resource program over the past few years include: (1) 

inventories are more thorough and intensive, (2) minimally land disturbing projects are routinely surveyed, 

(3) a greater number of cultural sites are being recorded and tested, (4) Determinations of Eligibility are being 

sought, (5) context studies are being undertaken, and (6) involvement in the Forest Plan implementation and 

the National Forest Management Act (NFMA) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) processes 

has increased and cultural resources continue to become better incorporated into the overall Forest Service 

mission. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 cultural resource accomplishment is as follows: 

CULTURAL RESOURCE 

11 
WILDERNESS 

B-1 Maintenance of existing quality of Wilderness ecosystems. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Degradation of environment. 

No further monitoring will be accomplished on this item as recommended by Forest Plan Amendment Number 

3. 

B-2 Bob Marshall-Great Bear-Scapegoat Management Direction. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Varlability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Failure to meet the Bob Marshall, Great Bear and 

Scapegoat Wildernesses Recreation Management Direction (Appendix U). 

New recreation management direction was completed for the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in FY 1987 

and each of the four Forest Plans were amended to include this direction. The monitoring which was 

completed in FY 1989 on the Lewis and Clark National Forest is detailed in Appendix A. 

Studies to monitor the short and long term fire effects of both the Gates Park and Canyon Creek Fires 

continued in FY 1989. Preliminary studies indicate that the fires within the Bob Marshall and Scapegoat 

Wildernesses in FY 1988 resulted in improvement of wilderness values and the quality of wilderness ecosystems. 

8-3 Change in Roadiess inventory. 

Frequency of Reporting: 100 percent per 10 year. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 10 percent projected change in roadless 

inventory. 

This item is only measured at ten-year intervals. However, no significant change occurred in the roadless 

inventory in FY 1989. Timber sales sold in FY 1988 were all in existing roaded areas and no other management 

activities occurred which would alter the present roadless inventory. 

12 
WILDLIFE AND FISH 

Frequency of Measurement: 3 90 percent sample %nnuacPj, 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Any indication of downward trend in grizzly bear 

population. 

The grizzly bear population appears to be stable or increasing (Doud, et al. 1986). In a monitoring eftort tied 

to the Recovery Plan, efforts have been made to record sows with cubs and sows with young for the last three 

fiscal years (1 987, 1988, and 1989). The results of these surveys have revealed that all six Bear Management 

Units (BMUs) on the Rocky Mountain Division have had a sow with cubs located within them. There were 7 

sows with young sighted on National Forest lands, of these, 4 were sows with cubs of the year. This is not 

an indication of population levels, but it is the beginning of trend information that shows occupancy of each 

BMU by sows with young and that reproduction is taking place. 

Two long term monitoring transects were established (coordinated with the Montana Deparlrnent of Fish, 

Wildlife and Parks) to acquire trend data for the monitoring of the bear in respect to the Recovery Plan. These 

transects are located along the North Fork of the Sun River and in rhe Renshaw Mountain-Willow Creek area, 

and were monitored in June. One set of grizzly tracks was identified on the North Fork of the Sun River 

transect. No tracks were found on the Renshaw Mountain-Willow Creek transect. 

Lav enforcement efforts were continued in order to deter the i!legai take of grizzly bears on the Rocky 

Mountain Division. 

Three biological evaluations were completed in response to Forest management activities within grizzly bear 

habitat (Big George Burn, Canyon Creek Fire timber salvage, and EPS gasline), with a no effect resulting to 

the grizzly bear. Two other biological evaluations were completed for Draft Environmerital Impact Statements 

(DEISs); which were, Blackleaf completed by the Bureau of Land Management, and Chevron/Fina completed 

by the Forest Service. Both of these bblogical evaluations were stibmitted for famal consultation to the United 

States Fish and Wildlife Service which rendered a non jeopardy opinion for both projects. 

During FY 1989, there were 21 problem Sear incidents that were handled under the Rocky Mountain District's 

"Problem Bear Policyn of which no incidents involved grizzlies. Actions taken included the transplanting of 3 

bears, closure of dispersed campsites, removal of attracxmts, and signing of trails to alert users that there 

had been bear incidents. 

The classification of vegetation types by the LANDSAT project was completed for all lands south of the Teton 

River. Once computer maps are made during FY 1990, the vegetation mapping for the remaining four BMUs 

will be complete. 

13 
C-2 Threatened and Endangered Species: Gray Wolf, Bald Eagle, Peregrine Falcon - Maintain suitable, 

unoccupied habitat. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Deterioration or continuing disturbance on more than 

5 percent of suitable unoccupied habitat. 

No projects were approved which would cause a deterioration or continuing disturbance to suitable unoccupied habitat for the gray wolf, bald eagle, or peregrine falcon. 

This year marked the first year in approximately 15 years that there was such a high level of recorded wolf 

sightings. There were 13 confirmed sightings of wolves on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District. Of these, three 

were multiple sightings (two wolves together). These sightings were forwarded to the United States Fish and 

Wildlife Service to incorporate into their data base in accordance with the Recovery Plan direction (USFWS, 

1 987). 

Biological evaluations were completed for the gray wolf in conjunction with the same projects discussed for 

the grizzly bear (C-l), with the same conclusions, 'no effect' on the wolf or its habitat. 

There are currently no known active nest sites of bald eagle or peregrine falcons on the Forest. Observations 

of bald eagles were recorded and added to the Forest data base. Bald eagles continued to be seen foraging 

over broad areas of private rangeland and on the Forest during the winter. Management practices that could 

potentially affect wintering bald eagles were reviewed in accordance with Forest Plan direction. 

Forest Service biologists cooperatively assisted United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Montana Department Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MDFWP) biologists in completing surveys. The Forest again 

participated in the National Bald Eagle survey in January 1989. A total of 39 bald eagles were observed during 

January 12 and 13,1989 winter counts, plus 3 bald or golden eagles were observed along the Missouri River 

and 6 along the Musselshell River and Cottonwood Creek. The Missouri River is part of the National Survey. 

Two bald eagle nests are located on private lands between the Rocky Mountain and Jefferson Division. In 

FY 1989 the 'Craig" bald eagle nest still remained abandoned and unoccupied and the 'Cascade' nest was 

occupied but failed to produce young. 

No surveys were conducted by the USFWS or Forest Service of historic peregrine falcon sites during FY 1989 

(personal communication, D. Harms, USFWS, 1/90), 

All projects possibly affecting any known Federally listed Threatened or Endangered Species were reviewed. 

14 
C-3 Elk: Winter range capacity (population level), sex, age ratios, and habitat effectiveness. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Perlod: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: 

Winter range capacity, sex, and age ratios: Decrease of 5 percent or more in 3 year running means. 

Habitat effectiveness: Decrease of 10 percent or more in habitat effectiveness in any timber compartment. 

Elk Population Level and Sex Age Ratios 

In general the populations appear to be stable at this time. The reporting source for the statistical 

information is the MDFWP. The winter count of elk on the Jefferson Division (Little Belt and Castle 

Mountains) yielded 2,456 elk. (This does not include the Highwood Mountains). The winter count for 

elk on the Rocky Mountain Division yielded a high number of 475 north of Teton River, and a range 

of 2,300-2,500 elk on the Sun River Wildlife Management Area. In the area from the Elk Creek road to 

Montana Highway 200 (Rogers Pass) there were about 600 elk counted. Personal conversation with 

MDFWP biologist believes this population will increase in the next few years due to the Canyon Creek 

fire. 

Summary of elk .population numbers 1980-1989 running means is as follows: 

ELK (Numbers) 

It is anticipated that the MDFWP will complete their report by June 1990 which will provide the data for all 

years. 

The figures for High - Jefferson Division includes only information on the Little Belt and Castle Mountains, but 

does not include information for the Highwood or Crazy Mountains. 

15 
Elk Habitat Effectiveness 

Forest Plan standards and guidelines were used to evaluate land management activities. 

Two meetings were held with the MDFWP to discuss a process that can be used to determine effects 

of timber sale activity in relation to elk vulnerability. A preliminary procedure was developed but still 

needs further work. Don Godtel, Forest Wildlife Biologist, has been appointed to a regional task force 

to address this same issue. 

On the Jefferson Division, the emphasis continued to be on analyzing timber compartments in which 

road construction and timber harvest actions are planned which would change elk habitat effectiveness values. Spring Creek Environmental Impact Statement area (Musselshell Ranger District) was the 

only area that was evaluated this past year in regards to elk habitat. This resulted in evaluating 5 

compartments (633-637) and the information will then be used to determine the effects of timber 

harvest. This analysis will be completed in FY 1990. 

Coordination with hard rock mining activities and elk habitat took place for three different proposals 

on the Jefferson Division: Black Butte and Geis Creek on the Kings Hill Ranger District, and Cooks Flat 

on the Musselshell Ranger District. Coordination was in the form of regulating i he timing and location 

of exploratory drilling. 

Elk habitat in the south end of Belt Park on the Kings Hill Ranger District was not monitored in FY 1989. 

This area has been monitored for the past three years in response to a 1985 Congressional Inquiry 

on the effect of a change in road location (T14N, R7E, Sec. 27) on a known elk calving area. The three 

years of monitoring showed the same relative level of continued use of the are,a by elk for calving and 

security cover. This area will no longer be monitored because the road closure has been effective in 

allowing the area to be free of motorized vehicle disturbance during the calving period. Elk cows and 

calves have been seen adjacent to the road during the monitoring period. 

C-4 Bighorn Sheep and Mountain Goat: Winter range capacity (population level), sex, and age ratios. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Decrease of 5 percent or more ii 3 year running means. 

In general the bighorn sheep and mountain goat populations appear to be stable to increasing at this time. 

The reporting source for the statistical information is the MDFWP. 

In checking with local MDFWP biologists, the Sun River bighorn sheep herd has recovered from the 1984-85 

die off and has exceeded their target population range of 800-1000 head. There are plans for the winter of 

1989-1 990 to trap in the Sun River area and transplant sheep to different herds of the state. One of these 

transplant sites will be in the Blackleaf Wildlife Management Area. The reason for the trapping effort is to 

maintain the sheep level within the 800-1000 head range. 

Discussions with MDFWP biologists, show a different trend in the bighorn sheep populations that lie north 

of the Teton River to Birch Creek. The total counts for Hunting District 441 show that the overall number of 

animals have held rather constant but ewe and lamb numbers have declined. 

16 
Summary of bighorn sheep population numbers 1980-1989 running means is as follows: 

BIGHORN SHEEP (Numbers) 

According to MDFWP figures the mountain goat population appears to be stable or a slight upward trend in 

Hunting District 415 but is stable or in a slight downward trend in Hunting District 414. The counts for 1988 

were incomplete due to equipment failure and MDFWP was unable to complete the survey. The 1988 data 

is inadequate to show trends in the population for the year. In 1988 the boundaries of these two districts and 

the quotas were changed. These changes were still in place in 1989. The quotas will again be a discussion 

point for the 1990 hunting season. 

Mountain goats were observed in two new areas of the Jefferson Division in FY 1989. During March 1989, 

while conducting aerial elk surveys, MDFWP biologist, observed one adult mountain goat in the Little Belt 

Mountains near Spring Creek. The location was north of 'Round Grove" in the rocky rims which were blown 

free of snow. The goat had 5 to 6 inch horns, but the biologist was unable to determine the sex. MDFWP has 

no idea where the animal came from; there are no recent records of mountain goats in the Little Belt 

Mountains. In October 1989, two adult mountain goats were observed near Jensen Spring in the Highwood 

Mountains. The goats were believed to have originated from Square Butte located 8 miles to the east. The 

goats were observed by Forest Service employees from the Judith Ranger District. 

Summary of mountain goat population numbers 1980-1989 running means is as follows: 

MOUNTAIN GOAT (Numbers) 

Due to equipment and weather problems the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks was unable to 

complete the 1988 mountain goat survey. 

17 
C-5 Other Big Game Species: Mule Deer, Whitetail Deer, Black Bear, Mountain Lion, population trend, 

sex, and age ratios. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Decrease of 10 percent or more in 3 year running 

means for mule deer. 

In the past three fiscal years (1 987,1988, and 1989), the,MDFWP has had restricted hunting seasons for mule 

deer in Hunting District 441 (North part of the Rocky Mountain Division). The first three weeks have been for 

antlered bucks with the last two weeks permit hunting for antlered (75) and antleress (150) animals. This 

change was initiated because of the decline of larger bucks and at the request of the sportsman and land 

owners. The decline was attributed to a larger harvest in 1984 and 1985 resulting from early snows forcing 

the deer out of the back country onto their winter ranges where they were readily accessible by hunters. This 

strategy has worked as evident by the presence of a high buck to doe ratio (40:lOO) that exist at this time. 

This season will be maintained at least for one more year (1 990). This is a comparison hunting district with 

Hunting District 442 that has had antlered hunting for the first three weeks and either sex for the last two weeks 

of the season. The buck to doe ratio in Hunting District 442 is 20:lOO. 

These changes in hunting season regulations have been supported by the Forest. 

Forest Plan Amendment Number 3 deleted the need to monitor Whitetail Deer, Black Bear, and Mountain Lion 

population trends as the data for these three species is not available for National Forest land. 

C-6 Small Game (Blue Grouse): Harvest level. No further monitoring will be accomplished on this item as 

recommended by Forest Plan Amendment Number 3. 

C-7 Furbearer (Beaver 81 Bobcat) Special interest (Lynx 81 Wolverine): Harvest level. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 3-years (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Decrease of 10 percent or more in average trapper take 

from previous reporting period. 

No further monitoring will be accomplished on this item as stated in Forest Plan Amendment Number 3. Data 

on these species is available only at a State level and is lumped for both private and public lands. The harvest 

level is not a reliable measurement of a population as it is heavily influenced by the fur market. In FY 1989, 

no sightings of wolverine or lynx were reported on the Jefferson Division. One wolverine was sighted on Prairie 

Reef and one track in the North Fork of Waldron Creek was observed on the Rocky Mountain Division. No 

lynx sightings were reported on the Rocky Mountain Division. 

18 
C-8 Old Growth Habitat (Goshawk): Active nestlng territories. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Perlod: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Decrease of 10 percent or more in active nesting 

territories. 

In the past the draft R-1 Goshawk Habitat Suitability (HSI) model was used as a basis for selecting old growth 

nest stands within the Douglas fir/mixed conifer timber type. Timber stands located at elevations above this 

Douglas fir/mixed conifer timber type were dominated by lodgepole pine and contained subalpine fir or 

spruce. These Douglas fir/mixed conifer timber type stands were prioritized on the basis of proximity to 

meadows, seeps, springs, streams, or other environmental factors which contributed to the diversity of plant 

and animal life beyond that visible in surrounding stands. The Forest is refining this procedure which will be 

completed during FY 1990. 

The Forest is funding a wildlife Cooperative Education position in which the student will complete a Master’s 

study on old growth for the Forest. The main thrust of the study will be to define old growth in the Douglas 

fir types and to test the nesting portion of the R-1 goshawk HSI model. The student has identified over 40 

suitable stands. In FY 1990, 10 stands known to have been used by goshawks for more than two years as 

well as the 40 identified stands will be analyzed. In addition, two new goshawk nests were located on the 

Rocky Mountain Ranger District. 

Personnel provided input into the Regional goshawk habitat model revision and collected prey remains from 

active nests for analysis. Food habits data will be used to evaluate existing and future goshawk foraging 

habitat. 

Old growth habitat was evaluated on the Spring Creek Environmental Impact Statement project area. This 

encompassed about 37,000 acres split into five different compartments. It was found that all compartments 

met the 5 percent minimum Forest Plan standard. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 goshawk nesting territories is as follows: 

GOSHAWK (Nesting Territories) 

19 
C-9 Special interest Species (Golden Eagle, Prairie Falcon): Nesting territories. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sampled of selected nesting territories annually. 

Reporting Period: 3-years (FY 1989, FY 1992, and FY 1995). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Reduction in occupied nesting territories of 10 percent 

or more from previous reporting period. 

The Forest Plan requirement is to monitor this activity at least once every three years. This item was formally 

monitored in FY 1989. Eleven of the 47 golden eagle and 6 of the 52 prairie falcon nests were monitored on 

the Rocky Mountain Division. Golden eagle and prairie falcon activity was confirmed at two eyries on National 

Forest land, but no fledglings observed. A new prairie falcon nest with two young was located on National 

Forest land. 

An agreement has been completed with the local Audubon Chapter for survey work for the spring-summer 

of 1990. They will survey the eagle and falcon nest sites that were identified during the Raptor Research that 

was done on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District in conjunction with the Interagency Rocky Mountain Front 

Guidelines. 

Limitations on funds and management emphasis to complete National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 

documents restricted the monitoring of nests in FY 1989 on the Jefferson Division. 

Summary of golden eagle nesting territories is as follows: 

GOLDEN EAGLE (Nesting Territories) 

Description Pre 1987 1992 1995 

GOLDEN EAGLE (Nesting Territories) 

Nesting Territories' 21 47 

Territories Monitored 11 

Summary of prairie falcon nesting territories is as follows: 

PRAIRIE FALCON (Nesting Territories) 

7/ Data is for only the Rocky Mountain Ranger District and is incomplete prior to 1989. 

20 
C-1 0 Cavity Nesting Habitat (Northern 3-Toed Woodpecker): Percent optimum habitat. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Reduction in snags to below numbers needed to 

maintain minimum viable population level in any timber compartment. 

The Forest Plan requirement is to monitor this activity at least once every five years. The item was formally 

monitored in FY 1989 on three timber sales: Williams Mountain, Lower Moose Creek, and Lake Creek on the 

Kings Hill Ranger District. The results show that in these three timber sales the snag density is below the 

standards in all cutting units surveyed (792 acres), except for one 25 acre unit. Other incidental monitoring 

was conducted in connection with wildlife input to timber sale planning and as part of post-timber sale posting 

of wildlife tree signs on snags. 

The Pasture Gulch area on the Musselshell Ranger District was surveyed once for pileated woodpeckers in 

conjunction with Goshawk surveys. No pileated activlty was discovered. However, more time is needed to be 

spent to make any conclusions as to the abandonment of the area by the pair that has been sighted in the 

past. 

In FY 1989, only a portion of the small timber sales within Forest Plan Management Area ‘6’ were monitored. 

Initial impressions are that these areas have not had a proactive snag management plan implemented, and 

those that do, continue to be impacted by woodcutting activity. 

In FY 1989 the snag management issue was identified in the Mill-Lion Timber Sale Environmental Assessment, 

Moose Creek Timber Sales Environmental Assessment, as well as input to small timber sales. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 commercial and personal use firewood removal is recorded in E-9 of 

this report. 

C-1 1 Aquatic Habitat Condition (Cutthroat Trout, Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout): Habitat quality (Coordinate with F-7 and F-8). 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 3-years (FY 1989, FY 1992, and FY 1995). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Predicted decrease of 5 percent or more (below 

planned level) in fish habitat capability based on predicted or actual changes in water quality or fish habitat 

parameters in any stream or lake. 

Stream gravels used by trout for spawning was monitored on six streams in FY 1989. Deadman Creek on the 

Kings Hill Ranger District is sampled each year as part of an evaluation of the effects of road construction 

on fish habitat. Sampling on the other streams was conducted as part of the initial collection of information 

used to describe existing conditions of fish habitat in selected drainages. 

Sampling conducted on two sections of Deadman Creek was evaluated each year from FY 1986 through FY 

1989. Results clearly indicated that spawning gravels were degraded in the stream reach below road 

construction activities while little change was found to occur in the quality of stream gravels upstream from 

21 
the road construction activities. This example does not typify the effectiveness of Best Management Practices 

(BMPs) in preventing sediment delivery to the stream as important departures from the BMPs occurred during 

the culvert installation and associated road drainage during construction in August of 1986. The specific 

BMPs were detailed in the construction contract and resulted in a violation that required a stop order until 

corrective action could be taken. These departures from good construction practices (BMPs) caused the 

influx of sediment to the stream. The need for an additional BMP, requiring prompt completion of culvert 

installation, was also identified. Monitoring of sediment, concurrent with monitoring of suspended sediment 

transport and streamflow (monitoring item F-7), will indicate the persistence of the degradation and the 

possible effectiveness of any mitigation. 

The COWFISH model was used to assess condition of fish habitat on stream reaches judged to be sensitive 

to the impacts of livestock grazing. Only initial reviews have been conducted on most of the stream reaches 

because year to year changes are too slow to measure unless a change in management is initiated. Five 

stream reaches were evaluated in FY 1989. In general, the values obtained from the COWFISH model indicate 

that fish habitat conditions are fair on many of the streams, although they are well below potential. Streamside 

shrub vegetation was being overbrowsed on all of the streams evaluated, except for two streams on the Rocky 

Mountain Division. 

Post-fire monitoring of fish, stream habitat, and water quality were conducted for two fires of the 1988 season, 

Gates Park and Canyon Creek. Fish population and stream habitat data were collected from the North Fork 

Sun River, Elk Creek, and Dearborn drainages. Selection of drainages to be sampled was coordinated with 

the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Approximately 32 miles of stream were surveyed. The 

composition, structure, and abundance of fish populations were sampled using a battery-powered electrofisher. Habitat data including, alkalinity, temperature, channel type, riparian vegetation, poolirifflelrun ratio, 

percent of fine sediments were also collected. The percentage of fine sediments was determined using the 

substrate grid technique. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 aquatic habitat condition is as follows: 

AQUATIC HABITAT CONDITION (Streams Sampled) 

22 
C-12 Threatened and Endangered Habitat Improvement Outputs, Wildlife & Fish Habitat Improvement 

outputs. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: 

Threatened and Endangered Habitat Improvements: Accomplishment 10 percent below Forest Plan level 

over 5-year average. 

Wildlife and Fish Habitat Improvement Outputs: Accomplished 20 percent below Forest Plan level over 5-year 

average. 

All variations below targets are attributed to funding below Forest Plan levels. 

The following table summarizes FY 1987 through FY 1989 wildlife habitat improvement accomplishment in 

comparing what the Forest Plan states and what was actually completed: 

(WILDLIFE HABITAT IMPROVEMENT) 

Non-Structural 600 300 1400 

(Wildlife) (Acres) 

Non-Structural 5 2 0 

(Fish) (Acres) 

Non-Structural 

(T&E) (Acres) 

Structural (Wildlife) 10 

(Structures) I* Io I Structural 

(Structures) 

(Fish) 1 25 ~ ; ~ ; 

Structural (T&E) 0 

(Structures) 

The Forest has over accomplished in the habitat improvement (Non-structural wildlife acres and nonstructural fish acres) while the other activities have not met Forest Plan targets. A habitat improvement 

program has been developed that provides for a more accurate accounting of the potential for habitat 

improvement on the Forest. 

23 
C-13 Oil and Gas Activity/Wildlife Monitoring Rocky Mountain Front. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Any indication of downward population trend in . 

speciedmanagement guidelines related to oil and gas activity. 

A permit was granted to EPS to bury a gas production line from a tank battery and construct separation 

facilities at the 1-13 well site in Blackleaf Canyon on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District. This permit was 

coordinated with the MDFWP and the Interagency Rocky Mountain Front Wildlife Guidelines were used. This 

project had minimal impact on wildlife habitat because the line was buried in the road right-of-way and took 

14 days to complete. This project had no effect on any wildlife populations within the area. 

RANGE 

D-1 Range Outputs. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 10 percent of target. 

Summary of Forest Plan 1 O-year average Range Management targets and actual accomplishment for FY 1987 

through FY 1989 is as follows: 

RANGE 

24 
I 

RANGE (continued) 

Description 

M AUM = Thousand Animal Unit Month. 

Permitted grazing use, Thousand Animal Unit Month (M AUM), in FY 1989 is within 2 percent of the Forest 

Plan projection and therefore requires no further evaluation. Permitted use is based on the grazing permits 

issued and estimates of recreation pack stock use before the grazing season begins. At the end of the grazing 

season the actual grazing use is gathered and reported. Actual grazing use in FY 1989 was 58.2 M AUM. The 

ten year average actual use (1980 through 1989) was 65.2 M AUM. The decline in actual grazing use in FY 

1989 was a result of resting some allotments because of drought and fires in 1988. 

Nonstructural Range Improvements in FY 1989 are 121 percent of the Forest Plan standard variability limit. 

Structural Range Improvements in FY 1989 are 65 percent of the Forest Plan standard variability limit and 

Range Resource Plans are only 40 percent of the Forest Plan standard variability limit. 

Reasons for these deviations are as follows: 

Nonstructural Range lmprovement - The over accomplishment in prescribed fire used for range management 

reflects the scheduling of logical burning units. 

Structural Range lmprovement - The under accomplishment in structural range improvements reflects the 

lower budget in range improvement in FY 1989 than is scheduled in the Forest Plan. Continued funding at 

this level will result in under accomplishment in structural range improvement. Without these investments in 

range improvement during the first decade of Forest Plan implementation, it is unlikely that the increase in 

permitted grazing use that is scheduled in the second decade of the Forest Plan will be possible. 

Range Resource Plans - The under accomplishmenf in allotment management plans (AMP) is a result of 

budget and targets for this activity that are below the Forest Plan level. The Region did not assign allotment 

management plan (AMP) targets to the Forest in FY 1989 at this budget level. Funding for range management 

must increase to the Forest Plan level in order for allotment planning to reach the priority to accomplish the 

Forest Plan target level of 10 allotment management plans per year. Even at this Forest Plan level the Forest 

will continue to have a high percentage of AMPs that are outdated. See monitoring item 0-4 for further 

evaluation and discussion. 

c 

25 
D-2 Range Conditions and Trend. 

Frequency of Measurement: 25 allotments per year which will allow all Forest allotments to be : ampled every 

10 years. 

Allotments Monitored 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

243 0 12 4 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: 

Condition - Acres of range in fair or lesscondition that have not shown any improvement in condition score 

during the monitoring interval (1 0 years). 

Trend - Any acres now in downward trend which were previously (at the last reading) stable or in an upward 

trend. .. 

Trend - Any acres in downward trend which still show a downward trend after another monitoring interval (10 

years). 

There are 276 condition and trend studies on 243 range allotments on the Forest. Most of these are on the 

173 type A priority livestock grazing allotments. There were 8 condition and trend studies monitored on 4 

allotments of the Forest in FY 1989. These Ecodata studies were initiated inside and outside of riparian 

exclosures, constructed in FY 1989, to monitor changes in range and vegetation in riparian habitats resulting 

from livestock grazing. Several years of subsequent re-readings of Ecodata will be required to determine 

trend. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 range condition and trend studies is as follows: 

The level of range condition and trend monitoring in FY 1989 is below the Forest Plan standard variability limit 

for this activity. At the FY 1989 rate of monitoring 4 allotments per year, it would take about 60 years to monitor 

all of the allotments. This is 6 times the Forest Plan standard of 10 years. The 173 priority type A allotments 

could be monitored at this level within 43 years, which is over 4 times the Forest Plan standard of 10 years. 

26 
D-3 Supply. 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than 1 percent reduction in suitable range acres 

from previous year. Cumulatively, any redyction of 3 percent or more in suitable range acres over a 5-year 

period. 

Suitable range for FY 1989 is 249,350 acres. This slight increase in suitable range acres reported during FY 

1989 is less than a 0.1 percent change from the FY 1987 and FY 1988 reports. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 suitable range acres is as follows: 

SUITABLE RANGE (Thousand Acres) 

D-4 Allotment Management Plan status. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample 'annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would initiate Further Evaluation: If more than 10 percent of the allotment plans are 

outdated. Plans approved more than 15 years ago (before 1975) are considered to be outdated. 

Only priority type A allotments are considered. These are cattle, sheep, and horse allotments; excluding all 

administrative pastures, special use pastures, and commercial packer grazing areas. 

27 
A summary of the number of allotments and allotment management plans follows: 

Category 

Total allotments (priority type A) 

Total allotment management plans .. 

Allotments without plans 

Outdated plans (approved before 1975) 

Plans that will become outdated during this 

decade (approved 1975-1 981) 

Total allotments outdated by the end of the 

decade (1 996) 

Number of Allotments Percent of Allotments 

173 100 

145 84 

28 16 

I I 

73 42 

38 22 

I I 

139 80 

There are 28 allotments without an allotment management plan (AMP) and another 73 allotments that have 

outdated AMPs, approved before 1975. Within the balance of the first decade of the Forest Plan (through 

1996) another 38 allotments (approved 1975-1 981) will become outdated. A total of 139 allotments (80 

percent) would have outdated plans by the end of the decade, if no further allotment planning were done. 

This data shows a major departure from the Forest Plan standard of 'less than 10 percent of AMPs outdated.' 

To correct this situation within the first decade of Forest Plan implementation (through 1996) will require 20 

AMPs per year. Four new AMPs and sixteen revisions must be completed per year to stay within the Forest 

Plan standard by the end of the first decade. 

The projected outputs for AMPs in the Forest Plan are only 10 AMPs per year. At this level of allotment 

planning the Forest will remain behind the Forest Plan standard of less than 10 peroent of AMPs outdated. 

At 10 per year, 70 allotments would receive allotment planning by the end of the decade, but 69 allotments 

(40 percent) would remain unplanned or have outdated AMPs. 

In FY 1989, the Forest accomplished 4 AMPs. Two of these were revisions of existing plans approved after 

1981, thus not contributing to the backlog. At the rate of 4 AMPs per year, 28 AMPs would be accomplished 

to the end of the decade, leaving 11 1 allotments (64 percent) unplanned or with outdated-AMPs. 

It is apparent from this evaluation that to meet the Forest Plan monitoring standard (no more than 10 percent 

of AMPs outdated) will require a higher output of allotment planning than is now targeted in the Forest Plan, 

or currently being programmed. Funding for range management on the Forest must be increased above the 

current level in order to meet this objective. Allotments must be carefully selected by priority, when programming allotment planning, to insure that the backlog is reduced. Only priority type A allotments that are 

unplanned, or currently have plans approved before 1982, will contribute to reducing the backlog of outdated 

AMPs. . 

28 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 range allotment management plan accomplishment is as follows: 

,. 

ALLOTMENT MANAGEMENT PLANS (Each) 

1/ Includes both new and revision of existing Allotment Management Plans. 

TIMBER 

E-1 Assure silvicultural management prescriptions are best suited to management area goals with all 

resources considered. 

Frequency of Measurement: One sale annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: A departure from management prescription. 

An interdisciplinary sale review was conducted on the Lower Dry Wolf Timber Sale on the Judith Ranger 

District. The review group felt that the prescriptions are appropriate to meet the Forest Plan Management Area 

B goals. Shelterwood harvest is appropriate for regeneration of these types of sites. Concern was expressed 

on the implementation of the prescription, because inadequate dead shade and scarification could significantly extend the regeneration period. A suggestion was made that thinning of the advance clumps of 

regeneration be delayed until the new regeneration is tall enough to offer some hiding cover. 

E-2 Assure prescription not primarily chosen on basis of greatest dollar return or greatest fimber output. 

Frequency of Measurement: One sale annually. 

Reporting period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Test management area outputs against those predicted. .. 
Individual tree marking of the Douglas-fir types resulted in a direct cost to the government and a reduction 

in immediate financial returns from the stands. It will result in greater success in regeneration of the sites and 

will soften the transition from the mature stand to the establishment of the new stand. 

Evaluation for the entire Forest will be done during the FY 1991 review. 

E-3 Assure openings comply with si+ limits and are periodically evaluated for appropriateness. 

Frequency of Measurement: One sale annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisciplinary Team 

review. 

Management guidance for the Lower Dry Wolf timber sale on the Judith Ranger District was provided by Part 

1 of the Forest Multiple Use Plan. A majority of the sale area was within the Dry Forest Zone with a lesser 

acreage in the General Forest Zone. The Lewis and Clark Forest Plan and Northern Regional Guides had yet 

to be developed and approved. Cutting units for this sale were cruised and traversed in 1980 and 1981. 

Cutting units 2 and 3 are 53 and 79 acres respectively and share a common boundary. Individually and 

collectively they exceed the 40 acre limitation identified in The Northern Regional Guide (6/10/83) for openings 

created by even-aged harvest. Other units do stay within the limitation. This sale was an unoffered deficit sale 

in February 1982. In June of 1982 the sale package was evaluated using the Value AnalysisNalue Engineering (VANE) process and in August of 1982, a timber purchaser requested that the sale be advertised. Bid 

opening was accomplished in May of 1983. Sale was later third partied, cancel for breach, and readvertised 

and awarded in December 1987. Unit configurations were not changed after the sale was modified to stay 

as close as possible with the intent and conditions of the original sale. 

Discussion by reviewers, including landscape ecology concepts versus dispersed settings concepts, came 

to the conclusion that the combined size of the two units using today’s direction is too large to meet 

management objectives within Forest Plan Management Area 6. The impact can be mitigated by staggering 

the timing and pattern of overstory removal from these units in the future. 

c 

30 
E-4 Assure timber offered does not differ from allowable sale quantity (ASQ) for 10-year period. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than plus or minus 20 percent annually or more 

than plus or minus 10 percent over a 5-y$ar period. 

The following discusses the total timber program and the allowable sale quantity for the Forest: 

During FY 1989, the Forest sold 30 percent of the Forest Plan total timber program volume. The Forest sold 

or offered 12.1 million board feet (MMBF). Of this amount, 4.5 MMBF was current year sell, 2.4 MMBF (Smith 

Flat) on the Judith Ranger District was volume sold that had been appealed and sell credited to the FY 1987 

sell program, 0.1 MMBF (Cabin Creek) on the Judith Ranger District was offered but not sold, and 5.1 MMBF 

(Moose Park) on the Kings Hill Ranger District was prepared and advertised, but appealed and the advertisement withdrawn. 

, 

Volume Sold: 

Regular Program 

Live Timber 

A. Chargeable 

B. Nonchargeable 

Mortality Timber 

A. Chargeable 

B. Nonchargeable 

TOTAL VOLUME 

Total Volume 

Percent of Total Volume Sold 

Volume Not Sold: 

Regular Program (Chargeable) 

Volume Offered But Not Sold 

Sold in Subsequent Years 

Volume Appealed 

Sold in Subsequent Years 

- 

TOTAL NOT SOLD 

Total Subsequently Sold 

TOTAL VOLUME FY 1989 

7/ (MMBF) million board feet 

FOREST 

PlAN(MMBF) 

11.0 

1 .o 

1 .o 

1 .o 

14.0 

14.0 

1989 TARGET 

(MMBF) 

12.2 

0.5 

1.8 

0.6 

15.1. 

15.1 

1989 ACTUAL 

(MMBF) 

2.3 

0.3 

1.5 

0.4 

4.5 

4.5 

30% 

c 

0.1 

0.0 

5.1 

2.4 

5.2 

2.4 

6.9 

YL 

31 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 timber sold or offered is as follows: 

TIMBER SOLD OR OFFERED (Million Board Feet) 

* Reduced by 620 MBF (Last Chance Salvage Sale on the Kings Hill Ranger District) from FY 1987 Monitoring and 

Evaluation report per 2430 memorandum, dated 1 1/12/87 from Zone Timber, Helena National Forest and added 

to.FY 1988 sell accomplishment. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 annual timber sell program is as follows: 

TIMBER PROGRAM (Million Board Feet) 

Timber sale appeals has kept the Forest from making its Timber Sale Targets. The Forest’s goal is to have 

National Environmental Policy Act documents approved two years in advance of a project. To-accomplish this, 

the Forest has reorganized its workforce to place more emphasis on Forest Plan implementation. 

The key to this monitoring item is how well the Forest is doing in meeting the allowable sale quality over the 

1 O-year period. The annual summary shown consists of chargeable live and dead volume that has been sold. 

Appealed volume and volume of offered but not sold sales are not included until the sale is actually sold. 

- 

32 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 allowable sale quantrty is as follows: 

ASQ (Million Board Feet) 

I Description 

E-5 Assure restocking is In progress within 5 years. 

Frequency of Measurement: 1,3, and 5 years (FY 1987, FY 1989, and FY 1991). 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisciplinary Team 

review. 

Stocking surveys indicate that all stands planted within the past five years and 91 percent of stands where 

natural regeneration has been initiated within the past five years are either certified as being adequately 

stocked or are on a trajectory to meet adequate stocking within the desired time frame. Stocking surveys 

taken during the first year, and occasionally during the second year after site preparation, often do not have 

adequate numbers of seedlings to indicate whether or not the stand is proceeding toward the desired level 

of stocking. If the stand is still below desired levels at the time of the third year examination, then it will be 

evaluated to determine if treatment is needed to bring it to that level. 

E-6 Assure timber acres harvested are as projected. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than plus or minus 10 percent deviation over a 

5-year period. 

- 

The Forest Plan projected that annual harvest would average about 1,800 acres. 786 acres were harvested 

in FY 1989. The average harvest is down due to the backlog of timber sales not being offered because of 

appeals and noncompletion of NEPA documents. Harvested timber volume in FY 1989 is 11.7 MMBF. FY 1989 

volume under contract is about 26.4 MMBF. 

c 

33 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 timber volume under contract, acres, and volume harvested is as 

follows: 

TIMBER UNDER CONTRACT AND VOLUME & ACRES HARVESTED 

~~ ~~ ~~ ~ 

(1) Data for Volume Under Contract for 1987 and 1988 has been adjusted to include estimates for per acre 

material (PAM). 

(2) Data for Acres Harvested for 1987 and 1988 have been adjusted based on updated Timber Stand 

Management Record System (TSMRS) output. 

(3) Does not include personal firewood volume. 

E-7 Assure accomplishment of thinning and other silvicultural treatments as projected In plan. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-Years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than plus or minus 10 percent deviation over a 

5-year period. 

The following chart indicates accomplishment of timber stand improvement (TSl) and other silvicultural 

treatments: - 

34 
TIMBER STAND IMPROVEMENT 

Forest Description 

Silvicultural Exams 15.5 

(Thousand Acres) 

Silvicultural Exams 28.0 

(Thousand Acres) 

Reforestation (Ap- 54 

propriation $) Acres 

Reforestation (K-V) 270 

Acres 

Thinning (TSI) (Ap- 200 

propriation $) Acres 

Thinning (TSl) (K-V) 0 

Acres 

Release Acres 

I 1987 1988 

t 

0 ,225 

1064 490 

483 441 

- 

1989 

25.9 

- 

67 

0 

307 

0 

195 

The Forest in FY 1988, in conjunction with Regional Objectives and Forest Plan Amendment Number 3, 

accelerated the stand examination program from 15.5 thousand acres to 28.0 thousand acres in order to 

complete the timber data base for use in the next round of Forest planning. 

Most reforestation on the Forest is accomplished by natural regeneration. Most of the site preparation is now 

performed by the purchaser, and thus does not show up in either the appropriated or Knutson-Vandenberg 

(KV) categories. Thus KV treatments are expected to be at the average level over the five year period. 

Thinning accomplishment have exceeded Forest Plan targets. The Cross Creek burn (1 970) and many of the 

young stands created by harvest in the late 1960s and early 1970s are showing evidence of reduced growth 

and thus are being thinned. The variation of plus 10 percent for the decade will very likely b'e exceeded. 

Fuel treatments with brush disposal funds are tied closely to the acreage harvested in the past two years. 

Although there will be large fluctuations in individual years, average acreages should be achieved over the 

five year period (Refer to P-5 Fuel Treatment Outputs). 

This item will be completely evaluated in FY 1991 

35 
E-8 Insure harvest by even-age management Is compatlble wlth resource values. 

Frequency of Measurement: One sale annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisciplinary Team 

review. -. 

The review team for Lower Dry Wolf timber sale on the Judith Ranger District agreed that even-aged systems 

are appropriate to meet the Forest Plan Management Area B objectives and the needs of these particular sites 

except that some of the openings exceeded current opening standards (See description for E-3). Steps have 

been taken to assure that units are kept to a size which is compatible with resource goals and current 

management direction. 

E-9 Firewood removal. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Use increase exceeds 10 percent per year. 

The Environmental Assessment and Lower Dry Wolf timber sale package provided for decking of unmerchantable material at landing and for closing temporary roads at least one year after unit acceptance. In FY 

1989, 3.2 million board feet of personal use firewood was removed from the Forest. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 commercial and personal use firewood removal is as follows: 

COMMERCIAL AND PERSONAL USE FIREWOOD REMOVAL 

36 
There has been a leveling-off in the demand for firewood from the Forest. It is expected that the use will 

probably continue at or near the current amount. 

E-1 0 Evaluate avallablllty of lands classifled as sultable/unsultable. 

Frequency of Measurement: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Reporting Perlod: 5-years (FY 1991). , 

variability Whlch Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than plus or minus 5 percent change in acreage. 

\ 

The evaluation of land suitability is ongoing through area and project analyses. Data is being entered into 

the Timber Stand Management Record System data base to provide information for the planned evaluation 

to be accomplished in FY 1991 and for future Forest Plan revisions. 

E-11 Projected yields. (Growth Plots) 

Frequency of Measurements: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Ewaluatlon: Standard error of 10 percent at 1 standard deviation. 

The Forest established two new permanent growth plots and remeasured four existing plots during FY 1989. 

Summary of growth plot establishment and remeasurement is as follows: 

GROWTH PLOTS (Number) 

Efforts during the planning period (10-15 years) will be to continue the remeasurement so that at least each 

Growth Plot is remeasured on a 5-year interval in order to establish a base data file. The Forest is still on 

schedule to accomplish the remeasurement program. New plots will be installed to monitor growth and yield 

for treatments or conditions that are not being sampled yet. 

At this time there is insufficient data available to run any type of comparison between the Growth Plot data 

and the projected yields of the Forest Plan. 

37 
When these Growth Plots were established, they were to be installed in stands that were scheduled for a 

timber activrty within the next five years, other than a regeneration harvest; example, precommercial or 

commercial thinning. Therefore, Growth Plots that have had their planned timber activity accc mplished and 

remeasurement completed have data only from one remeasurement. 

Evaluation will be done in FY 1991. 

-. 

SOIL, WATER, AND AIR 

F-1 Adequacy and Cumulative Effects of Project Best Management Practices. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Projected deterioration of soil productivity or water 

useabilrty . 

Each proposed project with a potential for impact on soil or water quality is reviewed to determine the 

adequacy of the Project's Best Management Practices (BMPs) before it is approved to ensure soil productivity 

and water useability. Five projects were evaluated in FY 1989 to provide detailed BtJlPs required to protect 

soil and water quality. In addition, cumulative effects on water yield and sediment were evaluated as needed 

on these projects, as required by Forest-wide Management Standard F-3. 

All of these projects provided adequate BMPs to meet water quality goals and State water quality standards. 

These standards require that all reasonable land, soil, and water conservation practices are used. The 

cumulative effects analyses indicated, in each case, that reasonable use of conservation practices would 

protect the beneficial uses and goals for the water resource and prevent deterioration of the soil or water. 

F-2 Revegetation of temporarily disturbed areas and roads within 5 years. 

Frequency of Measurement: 75 percent sample 2 years after termination. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Furthe;' Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisc_iplinary Team 

review. 

Projects completed under the Forest Plan with temporarily disturbed areas and roads are required to be 

revegetated within 5 years. A review two years after completion indicates the effectiveness of seeding 

required by the project and the need for any follow-up revegetation. Monitoring was accomplished on 10 

projects plus the emergency rehabilitation project on the 1988 Canyon Creek Fire. One project, a trespass 

case, was reseeded; all other projects showed adequate erosion control and revegetation. Three,of the 

projects, including the reseeding, showed a need for follow-up monitoring in FY 1990 to assure effective water 

bars and road closure, There has been no Interdisciplinary Team reviews indicating unacceptable revegetation or inadequate erosion control of temporarily disturbed areas. 

38 
In general, the revegetation on the fires of 1988, particularly on the Canyon Creek Fire, which was reseeded, 

was successful in most areas. This was partly because the 1989 growing conditions were exceptionally 

favorable. However, some severe sites, particularly south-facing, steep, shaly slopes, did not revegetate well, 

and severe erosion on these sites was evident. Revegetation or other suitable artificial erosion control is not 

feasible on these sites in the absence of overwhelming downstream values (such as life or residential 

development). These severe sites can be expected to contribute to downstream sedimentation and localized 

flooding potential until they naturally stabilize over a period of several years. 

Several detailed monitoring efforts and rgsearch projects were initiated following the 1988 fires to enable the 

Forest Service to understand the effects of these large fires, the revegetation, and the watershed recovery 

following the fires. These studies are summarized below. 

A. Fireline, Seeding, and Noxious Weed Monitoring: 

Monitoring of the firelines, and other soil disturbance during the fire suppression activities was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the erosion control structures established on the firelines, the 

success of the seeded grasses and legumes, the vegetation recovery, and possible noxious weed 

infestations. On the Canyon Creek Fire, the Soil Conservation Service monitored State and private 

lands. The Forest Service monitored the National Forest lands. Monitoring was accomplished by 

walking the firelines to visually observe the conditions, and by re-photographing photo-points established in the fall of 1988. The results of this monitoring showed successful rehabilitation of disturbed 

areas and no new noxious weed infestations. Follow-up monitoring is needed in 1990 to confirm the 

results, particularly the noxious weed conditions, to allow for seedlings that may have established in 

1989 to mature and flower. 

B. Remote Sensing for Fire Effects Mapping: 

Researchers at the Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory are conducting a study of the fire effects 

on vegetation using LANDSAT remote sensing methods in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark 

National Forest. The ECODATA fire monitoring plots established by the Lewis and Clark National Forest 

will be used as ground truthing to correlate vegetation recovery. The U.S. Environmental Protection 

Asency has included the Canyon Creek Fire in an Aerial Remote Sensing apd Geographic Information 

System project which uses infra-red aerial photos of the fire area. The Forest cooperated in this project 

by providing ground control markers and coordinating with their existing aerial sensing program. 

C. Vegetation Monitoring 

1. Initial Fire Effects on Vegetation: 

The Intermountain Forest Research Station is conducting a research project dealing with initial community composition of the 1988 fires in Region One, Lewis and Clark National Forest plots established 

as a part of this study included plots on the Canyon Creek, Iron Claims, and Lick Creek fires. 

2. Permanent Monitoring Plots: 

Monitoring of vegetative recovery included both photopoints and plot sampling using ECODATA 

methods. On the 70 plots sampled in 1989, total vegetative cover ranged from less than 1 percent to 

over 170 percent. This plot data and other observations show that there was a wide range in vegetative 

recovery, from only trace cover on severely burned, harsh sites with poor soils, to lush cover of fwbs 

and grasses on better sites that were also severely burned. Areas sampled that had low or moderate 

fire severity were revegetating naturally and had adequate cover to prevent sxcessive erosion. Continued monitoring of the grass seeded areas is needed to determine wheth3r the introduced species 

continue to provide cover or are replaced by native vegetation. Follow-up inonitoring is also needed 

.. 

39 
to determine the rate of vegetative recovery on sites with low cover values that do not meet the 

Forest-wide Management Standards F-2. 

F-3 Water quality effects of activities in municipal watersheds. 

Frequency of Measurement: All projects. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Adverse water quality effects or violates water quality 

standards. 

No activities were proposed or conducted that would disturb the soil or water resource in either of the two 

municipal watersheds on the Forest in FY 1989. Any projects to be conducted in municipal watersheds, as 

required by law, are first reviewed by the State Water Quality Bureau. . 

F-4 Activities in riparian areas, flood plains, and wetlands. 

Frequency of Measurement: 50 percent of all projects. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisciplinary Team 

review. 

Riparian areas include flood plains and wetlands, and activities conducted in them pose an added risk to 

water-related resources and to water quality. The only projects planned or accomplisied in FY 1989 were five 

fencing projects intended to protect these areas, with only positive benefits to riparian values. 

F-5 Effects of other activities on watershed conditions. 

Frequency of Measurement: 20 percent of all projects. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable management practices or land productivity. 

- 

- 

Activities not in municipal watersheds nor in riparian areas may also have impacts on soil or water quality. 

A total of 12 such projects were reviewed in FY 1989. A minor departure from intent of BMPs was found in 

each of three projects because of inadequate water bars, skid trail locations, and filtering area. A major 

departure occurred on one project because of inadequate blading of the roadway and ditchwork. In spite of 

these departures, soil and water resources were either adequately protected, ofton with minor cwective 

measures immediately applied, or had only minor, temporary impacts. These prcjects will all need some 

follow-up in FY 1990 to be certain seeding success and erosion control is adequate. 

40 
F-6 Elimlnatlon of soil and water restoration backlog. 

Frequency of Measurement: Annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Less than 50 percent by 1990; less than 100 percent 

by 1995. 2. 

I 

Direction is that the backlog of soil and water restoration needs be eliminated by the year 1995. The Forest 

Plan identified a backlog of 373 acres of these restoration needs. Soil and water restoration was well-funded 

in FY 1989: the regular soil and water protection program provided 55 acres of restoration, plus an addition 

to this program from excess timber receipts provided an additional 54 acres of restoration, 43 acres of which 

resulted from the closure and drainage (with waterbars) of over 23 miles of primitive roads or trails previously 

used by off-road vehicles. This means a total of 166 acres of restoration has taken place over the last 5 years, 

a respectable degree of accomplishment toward meeting the Forest Plan goal. 

Summary of soil and water restoration backlog accomplishment is as follows: 

SOIL AND WATER RESTORATION (Acres Accomplished) 

I 

187 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 

The Forest Plan target for Soil Inventory is 2,000 acres. In FY 1989, no acres were inventoried. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 soil inventory accomplishment is as follows: 

SOIL INVENTORY (Acres Accomplished) - 

41 
F-7 Water and Stream Quality as affecting fish habitat and other uses: validation of estimations of 

s'ediment. 

Frequency of Measurement: Seasonal-continuous and annual. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Not meeting State or Federal water quality standards 

or significant (90 percent confidence),deterioration, by best available indexes. 

Water quality monitoring did not identify any significant deterioration which would require immediate action. 

State or Federal water quality standards are met when all reasonable land, soil and water management, or 

conservation practices (BMPs) have been applied. The adequacy of these BMPs is determined through 

monitoring item numbered F-1, and the application and effectiveness of these BMPs is monitored in items 

numbered F-3, F-4, and F-5. 

Data is required to validate estimates of sediment and to determine if water quality or fish habitat might 

deteriorate where estimates of effects are incorrect. Methods and intensrty of validation and evaluation of 

sediment are still in a state of development. Considering this, sampling of representative streams by available 

techniques has been conducted over the last four years. The sampling in FY 1989 included five stations with 

regular (automated) sampling of suspended sediment along with a continuous record of streamflow and six 

streams sampled for intragravel sediment. This last years' sampling has been particularly meaningful because the amount and variation of streamflow has approached an 'average' year, as opposed to the previous 

three years of drought. An 'above average' year for streamflow is needed to provide a more reasonable 

balance to the analyses. 

One of the stations sampled was reestablished to monitor the effects of the Gates Park fire on the North Fork 

Sun River. The station was an abandoned USGS stream gauging station located below the Gates Park fire 

and just above Gibson Reservoir. This station has 20 years of records available that are correlated with four 

snow courses in the North Fork Sun River drainage. The Bureau of Reclamation and the Greenfields Irrigation 

District are cooperating with the Forest Service to have the USGS maintain this station and to measure stream 

sediment there and compare it to baseline information. In addition, photopoints (some in FY 1988), channel 

condition surveys, grab samples, and erosion transects were established for the fires, and a sediment survey 

will be done for Gibson Reservoir to determine the amount of deposition between 1973 and 1988, as 

compared to the period between 1988 and 1993. 

Preliminary results indicate that a large amount of sediment did come out of \he fire areawith the spring 

snowmelt in early May, and with late July and August thunderstorms. Unusual fall peak flow events accompanied by large amounts of ash and sediment were also observed in mid-October of 1988 and again in early 

November of 1989, at a time when the station was not operational. However, photopoints of the area and of 

the stream channels, as well as two erosion transects in one part of the Canyon Creek Fire area, indicate only 

a moderate amount of erosion, considering the size and intensity of the fires. The erosion transects indicate 

average removal of .01 to .03 foot in some of the Canyon Creek Fire area, and only a small percentage of 

that erosion would have been delivered as sediment to the stream channel. The fact that much more extensive 

erosion did not occur, particularly not in the stream channels, is apparently due to the relatively moderate 

snowmelt with no late heavy spring rains. The excellent conditions for vegetative growth this past year, as 

described in item F-2, will undoubtedly greatly reduce the erosion potential in future years. 

c 

42 
F-8 Riparian areas and streams: stream cover and pools. 

Frequency of Measurement: High-impact annually. 

Reporting Perlod: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Significant (90 percent confidence) decline in condition. 

-- < 

Inventory of the condition of riparian areas and streams is presently conducted using the COWFISH model 

and shrub condition. Five streams were evaluated in FY 1989 by these methods. Additional analysis and 

additional years of data are necessary to indicate relative change in condition. Indication of further riparian 

condition requires classification. An initial draft classification system was developed by the Montana Riparian 

Association and published in August 1989 to provide a basis of ecodata plots for riparian monitoring and for 

emphasis in development of range allotment management plans. Some preliminary documentation of riparian 

sites has been accomplished with ecodata plots. Riparian areas and stream monitoring did not identify any 

significant decline which would require immediate action. 

F-9 Public Health. 

Frequency of Measurement: Monthly when in use. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Violates State or Federal drinking water standards per 

year. 

During FY 1989, 37 Forest systems and 8 special use systems were opened for use. Thirty of the Forest 

Service systems and two of the special use systems were tested and operated in accordance with State and 

Federal Safe Drinking Water Acts. The remaining systems did not receive sufficient bacteriological testing. 

An evaluation of this situation revealed that the problem was largely confined to two districts. Further analysis 

indicated that in both organizations individuals who had been trained and assigned the responsibility for 

sampling the systems had transferred out of the district organization. During the time that the position 

remained vacant and for the initial tenure of the replacement person, the responsibility was apparently lost. 

The matter has been placed on the agenda for a Forest Leadership Team meeting in an effort lo redeem this 

management responsibility. - 

MINERALS 

G-1 Effect of Mining Activities. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent annually of active operations on a monthly basis. *. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluatlon: Adverse effect of Forest Service project on mineral 

activities or revision or departure from approved operation plans. 

43 
Review of Forest Service activities showed that no mining activities were effected by these projects. 

All proponents of mining type prospecting and development proposals are required to submit a Notice of 

Intent, and in some cases, an operating plan prior to any surface disturbance. Three operating plans were 

reviewed during FY 1989. An environmental analysis is prepared and the proposal is approved, modified or 

denied, and subject to mitigation and application of the surface operating standards in the Forest Plan. All 

three of the operating plans resulted in activity on the ground. 

During the summer of 1989 the most complex operating plan involved drilling shallow holes by a mining 

company in the vicinity of Cooks Flat on the Musselshell Ranger District. An analysis was conducted on the 

applications and specific mitigation included: 

--Activity was limited to the actual drill sites, no access roads were constructed, the drilling took place 

using all-terrain vehicles. 

--A reclamation plan was agreed to in advance and a performance bond was established; and 

--A Cultural Resource inventory was completed that resulted in significant discoveries of cultural sites. 

Other on the ground activity included operation of a small decorative building stone quarry south of Stanford, 

Montana, and continued exploration and development work for sapphires along Yogo Creek southwest of 

Stanford. 

G-2 Effect of Geophysical Seismic Prospecting. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent of active operations on a biweekly basis 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Adverse effect upon surface resources or departure 

from conditions of the approved permit. 

There were no requests for geophysical seismic prospecting in FY 1989. 

G-3 Effect of Drilling. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent of active operations on a weekly basis. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Adverse effect upon surface resources or departure 

from conditions of the approved permit. 

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is being prepared on two pending Applications for Permit to Drill 

by Chevron Corporation and Fina Oil and Chemical Company, in the North End (RM-1) Geographic Unit on 

the Rocky Mountain Ranger District. In addition, the Forest is working with the Bureau of Land Management 

(BLM) on preparation of a field development EIS for the Blackleaf Canyon area on the Rocky Mountain Ranger 

District. Temporary approval was granted by the Forest, BLM, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 

and the Teton County Commissioners for connecting a surface pipeline to a shut in gas well in Blackleaf 

44 
Canyon. The well was drilled in 1957 and re-completed in 1981. The temporary approval was granted pending 

completion of the Blackleaf EIS. An Environmental Assessment was completed for the entire length of the 

pipeline. Approximately 1,300 feet of the pipeline is on National Forest land. The pipeline wilt be continuously 

monitored during production. 

G-4 Rehabilitation of disturbed areas. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percentof activity on a weekly basis during rehabilitation. A final inspection 

will be made within 5-years after rehabilitation has been completed. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

variability Which Would lnitlate Further Evaluation: Rehabilitate less than 90 percent of disturbed areas. 

Four mineral related proposals were reviewed and, prior to permit issuance, reclamation standards were 

established. Forest Plan Standard G-5 was applied to all proposals. Reclamation bonds were collected to 

cover the cost of each project, and retained until final reclamation standards are met. In addition, the Forest 

continued to assess past disturbed areas and develop a long term rehabilitation strategy. 

G-5 Mlnerals Availability. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Denial of more than 10 percent of proposed projects. 

There have been no changes from the situation as shown in the Forest Plan. 

The Forest Plan target for Mineral Management in FY 1987 and FY 1988 was 90 cases. In FY 1989, the Forest 

Plan target was increased to 160 cases. In FY 1989, 250 cases were reviewed and approved. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 mineral cases reviewed and approval is as follows: 

.. 

MINERAL CASES (Each) - 

Cases Reviewed 

45 
LANDS 

J-1 Compliance with use permits. 

Frequency of Measurement: As needed. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results or deviation from permits. 

Special use permits on the Forest are generally up to date and are in conformance with current policy. The 

computerized Forest Land Use Report (FLUR) program is working well and has reduced time required for 

preparing bills and in gathering information for Regional Off ice requests. 

New recreation residence permits were accepted by most permittees. FY 4988 recreation residence policy 

was appealed; permittees have been notified that some provisions of their new permit are void and may have 

to be revised upon finalization of the revised policy. This change has caused confus,on and uncertainty for 

the permittees and additional work for employees to stay current with and explain the changes. 

Proposed changes in fee determinations for communication authorizations and for minimum fee authorizations has also caused additional work in preparing mailings and answering questions for current and potential 

permittees. 

On-the-ground administration of special use permits is primarily for health and safety problems as well as 

permittees who are not meeting their financial obligations to the Forest Service. The condition of special use 

facilities on the ground is generally acceptable. 

J-2 Right-of-way Easements Accomplishment. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluatlon: Less than 75 percent accomplishment .. of 5-year 

program. 

The Forest Plan does not specify a level of accomplishment for the acquisition of rights-of-way easements. 

However, the Monitoring Section does refer to the Forest's 5-year program. The program for FY 1989-1 993 

was transmitted to the Forest Leadership Team on January 27,1989 by the Forest Supervisor in a 5460 memo. 

The program for FY 1989 contains four road easements. 

Two road easements, both on the existing Dry Wolf Road No. 251 , were acquired. Two others on the Dry Fork 

of the Belt Creek Road No. 120 were scheduled but not acquired because of problems with encumbrances 

on the titles. Work will continue on these cases in FY 1990. 

In addition, one trail easement although not scheduled, was acquired on the Smith Creek Trail south of 

Augusta, Montana. The total acquired is 75% and is therefore within the acceptable limits of variability. 

?& 

46 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 road and trail right-of-way easement program and acquisition is as 

follows: 

EASEMENT ACQUIRED (Each) 

5-3 Land Ownership Adjustment Accomplishment. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Less than 75 percent accomplishment of 5-year 

program. 

The Forest Plan does not specify a rate of accomplishment for this item except in the Monitoring Section 

where a reference is made to the Forest's 5-year Program. However, the Forest does not have an established 

Land Exchange Program but rather relies on opportunities that are forwarded by proponents. Other opportunities to acquire tracts which are desirable for National Forest System ownership are pursued as they develop. 

The Forest Plan specifically says that '----it is not the intent of the Forest Service to pursue this direction (land 

exchange) except on a willing grantor basis.' For this reason, it would be very difficult to 'lock-in' on targets 

for accomplishments. 

The Forest's annual target with the Region beginning in FY 1989 is 60 acres. In FY 1989 'no lands were 

exchanged. The Forest was working on exchanging approximately 200 acres of Federal land which would 

have been completed in FY 1989. However; the decision to exchange lands was appealed and during the 

lengthy review process the land to be acquired was sold. In addition, an exchange involving approximately 

3,000 acres of Lewis and Clark National Forest land was being negotiated for possible FY 1989 accomplishment. This process has been suspended until a recent offer to sell the private lands to the United States can 

be evaluated. 

47 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 land exchange program accomplishment is as follows: 

LAND EXCHANGE ACCOMPLISHMENT (Acres) 

II Description 

I I I I I I I I I I t I 

I I I I I I I I I I I 

In FY 1989, the Forest did not complete any cases as a part of the Small Tract Act. 

5-4 Landline Location Accomplishment. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). . 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Less than 75 percent of the Forest Plan Target. 

The Forest Plan target for landline location is 26 miles/year decadal average. In FY 1989 the Forest was 

funded for a target of 24 miles and actually accomplished 25 miles. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 landline location accomplishment is as follows: 

LANDLINE LOCATION (Miles) 

48 
FAC ILlTl ES 

L-1 Road and Trail Construction and Reconstruction; Trails; Arterial and Collector Roads; Local Roads. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 20 percent of programmed construction 

and reconstruction accomplishment. 

ROADS - The Forest Plan Road Program, as amended, provides for 9.0 miles of road construction, and 24.0 

miles of reconstruction yearly which are further broken down to 20.0 miles for Capital Investment Program 

and 13.0 miles for the Timber Management Program. In FY 1989 the Forest constructed no miles and 

reconstructed 13.6 miles for a total of 13.6 miles under the Capital Investment Program..Under the Purchaser 

Credit Program no miles were constructed and 4.3 miles were reconstructed for a total of 17.9 miles of 

construction and reconstruction under all programs. 

When considering the total miles constructed and reconstructed in both programs, the output was 46% under 

that projected by the updated Plan. This is not within the variability tolerance. Therefore, additional evaluation 

is required. An analysis revealed the following: 

The reasons for the accomplishment shortfall were all NEPA related. Four timber sales involving a planned 

18.3 miles of construction and 5.0 miles of reconstruction were not sold because of incompleted NEPA work 

or appeals. In addition, one Capital Investment Program project involving 3.7 miles of construction and 3.3 

miles of reconstruction was not let because of incomplete environmental analysis. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 road construction and reconstruction as part of the Capital Investment 

and Timber Program is as follows: 

ROADS (Miles) 

49 
TeAlLS - The Forest Plan, as amended, programs an average of 14.0 miles of trail construction and reconstruction annually. In FY 1989, a total of 12.8 miles of trail was reconstructed on the Forest. Therefore, the 

accomcdishment was 91 percent of the Forest Plan target. Trail funding has increased in the past 2-3 years 

and gc od progress is being made in reconstructing unsatisfactory trails. 

Trail construction and reconstruction was aided by volunteer efforts in FY 1989, similar to other years. The 

Great Falls motorcycle club helped solve some resource problems on trails in the Tenderfoot-Deep Creek 

area on the Kings Hill Ranger District and the Backcountry Horsemen groups provided volunteer assistance 

on the Rocky Mountain Ranger Distriat. 

The large fires on the Forest during 1988, particularly the Canyon Creek and Gates Park Fires in the Bob 

Marshall and Scapegoat Wildernesses on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District, had a large impact on the trail 

system. The fires caused concentrations of snags to fall across the trails and burned most of the signs and 

wood structures in the trails. These include corduroy, small bridges, water bars, and log cribbing structures. 

The initial downfall was removed as part of the fire rehabilitation effort in 1988. However, increased downfall 

is expected for several years and the structures will need to be rebuilt. These needs were identified in 

supplemental budget requests for fire recovery. In all, a total of 11 7 miles of trails were severely impacted. 

Total reconstruction and rehabilitation costs are estimated at $1 99,500. Reconstruction will continue in 1990. 

The accomplishment in FY 1989 was within the limits of variability for this monitoring requirement (plus or 

minus 20 percent of the goal). Therefore, no additional evaluation is required at this time. The budget trends 

indicate that the Forest Plan goals for trail construction and reconstruction will be met. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 trail construction and reconstruction is as follows: 

TRAILS (Miles) 

and Reconstruction 

L-2 Miles of roads open to public use. 7 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 20 percent of target miles to be left open 

to public. 

*rr 

The Forest Travel Plan resulted in the following summation of road restrictions and closures. On the Jefferson 

Division, approximately 230 miles of roads are restricted either yearlong or seasonally to some forms of 

50 
motorized public use. On the Rocky Mountain Division, approximately 23 miles of roads are restricted either 

yearlong or seasonally to some forms of motorized public use. 

It is estimated that there are approximately 1,480 miles of roads left open to the public. The Forest Plan does 

not establish any target miles to be left open to the public. 

In FY 1989, no significant changes were made in the Forest Travel Plan, therefore, no monitoring was 

accomplished. cr 

PROTECTION 

P-1 Assure harvest emphasizes the removal of high risk stands for mountain pine beetle attack and that 

timber sales are located to break-up continuous natural fuel accumulations. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Unacceptable results of an Interdisciplinary Team 

review, or if less that 70 percent of timber volume is programmed from high risk mountain pine beetle stands. 

In FY 1989,90 percent of the sawtimber sold on the Lewis and Clark National Forest was high risk lodgepole 

pine. Reviews of timber sale locations showed the Forest is continuing to breakup large concentrations of 

natural fuels. Future planning is also emphasizing removal of high risk lodgepole pine. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 removal of high risk lodgepole pine stands is as follows: 

REMOVAL OF HIGH RISK LODGEPOLE PINE (Percent) 

P-2 Acres and volume of Insect and disease Infestations. 

Frequency of Measurement: Once annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Introduction of new insect or disease or spread 6f an 

existing insect or disease. 

51 
Insect and disease surveys conducted during the summer of 1989 showed no sign.ficant change in insect 

and .disease infestation on the Forest. However, mountain pine beetle activity continues on the adjacent 

Helena National Forest. 

P-3 Management practices to ensure activities do not promote an Increase in Insect and disease 

organisms. 

Frequency of Measurement: Continuous. 

Reporting Period: October 1, I988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Significant increase in insect and disease organisms. 

No significant increase in insect and disease organisms has been observed. Post timber sale reviews showed 

that the Forest is meeting regional standards for slash disposal. 

P-4 Assure prescribe fire meets air quality standards. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Ewaluation: Plus or minus 10 percent beyond standard guidelines. 

The Forest burned over 3,500 acres for slash disposal, natural fuel treatment, wildlife habitat improvement, 

and range land improvement. There were no known complaints about any prescribed burning project 

affecting air quality. 

P-5 Fuel treatment outputs. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). c 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 25 percent of programmed targets. 

In FY 1989, the Forest treated 1,053 acres of activity fuels and 1,020 acres of natural fuels. The Forest Plan 

shows a target of 1,470 acres of activity fuels and 700 acres of natural fuels per year. While both items are 

outside the variability level for FY 1989, the three year average is within the level. 

52 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 natural and activity fuels reduction is as follows: 

ACTlVllY AND NATURAL FUELS (Acres) 

P-6 Wildfire acres burned. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: October 1, 1988 - September 30, 1989 (FY 1989). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus or minus 25 percent above projected average 

annual wildfire burned acres. 

While the 1988 fire season was one of the dryest on record, 1989 was one of the wettest on record (third 

wettest year in Great Falls). The Forest had 18 fires. All were less than one-half acre in size. Collectively, the 

burned was about 13 acres of National Forest land. 

Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 wildfire acres burned is as follows: 

WILDFIRE AREA BURNED (Acres) 

1 O-yea I Description I averc 

P-7 Cost of Suppression and Protection Organization. 

Frequency of Measurement: Once annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

*r 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: Plus 5 percent increase in total costs. 

The total cost of fire suppression and protection in FY 1989 was $273,000. This is well below the 10-year 

average of $590,000. This is the result of one of the wettest fire seasons on record. 
Summary of FY 1987 through FY 1989 suppression and protection costs is as follows: 

FIRE SUPPRESSION AND PROTECTION COSTS (Thousand Dollars) 

GENERAL 

1-1 Validation of cost and values used in the Forest Plan. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: In general, plus or minus 25 percent; however very large 

cost items such as stump-truck costs would have a smaller degree of acceptable variability. 

The Forest has completed the first step, updating Forest Service costs and validation of costs and values used 

in the Forest Plan. This work will be completed for the 5-year review. 

1-2 Effect of emerging issues or changing social values. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: Continuous. 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: If issue cannot be dealt with under the Forest Information and Involvement Plan. - 

Public interest in the management of the Lewis and Clark National Forest continues to play a major role in 

the implementation of the Forest Plan. In addition to several new projects and issues, four ongoing projects 

carried into fiscal year 1989. While each Ranger District was involved with several smaller scale projects 

requiring public involvement, the key projects necessitating more extensive efforts because of the sensitivity 

of the issues involved were: Chevron/Fina Environmental impact Statement (EIS) on Exploratory Oil and Gas 

Wells, Galt Land Exchange, Eligibility Determination for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Natural Prescribed Fire 

Program in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, and Timber Sale Program (timber sale environmental 

assessment appeals and Timber Sale Program Information Report System - TSPIRS). *. 

54 
CHEVRON/FINA EIS: 

A decision was made to combine the analysis for the exploratory oil and gas drilling proposals from 

both Fina (Hall Creek) and Chevron (Badger Creek) in order to provide a more thoroiigh examination 

of the cumulative and interrelated effects of both projects in the RM-1 Geographic Unit on the Forest. 

Because scoping efforts had been conducted for each of the projects individually (Fina in 1983-84 and 

Chevron in 1986), it was decided that public scoping meetings were not necessary for the combined 

Environmental Impact Statement (CIS) effort. Instead, the Study Team mailed summary packages to 

the individuals and organizations on their mailing list. The summary packages included the scoping 

comments and the issues identified during initial scoping periods for both projects. The team also 

included a summary of the issues identified in the appeals on the original Hall Creek decision. Those 

receiving the packages (approximately 350) were asked to review the issues that had been identified 

and submit any additional issues to the Study Team. The Forest received seven written letters and one 

telephone comment during this third round of scoping. 

In April 1988, a second letter was sent to the mailing list (350) identifying the alternatives to be analyzed 

and a colored map of the alternative locations. 

A social assessment was prepared during 1987 as part of the background materials for the EIS. The 

information in this report provided insight into the social values, perceptions, and attitudes of those 

residents most likely to be influenced by oil and gas exploration and/or development. The need for a 

social/economic issue was identified by the Study Team and included in the analysis. The social 

conditions and analysis were based on the comments received during the scoping process, comments 

on the Forest Plan (1985), newspaper a'rticles, and the results from the unstructured interviews 

conducted in the preparation of the Social Assessment background document. During 1988 and 1989, 

the Study Team continued work on the preparation of the draft EIS using all of this information. 

Feelings and perceptions about the social implications of exploratory drilling in the RM-1 Geographic 

Unit vary. Some feel oil and gas development would bolster the economic condition on the reservation 

and the local communities. They believe the National Forest should be managed for multiple use 

purposes, oil and gas being an acceptable use. Others support protection of the area. The amount 

of protection ranges from those who support a recreation-based management concept to those who 

advocate Wilderness classification. Blackfeet traditionalists feel that the area deserves protection for 

the continued practice of the traditional Blackfeet religion. 

The draft EIS was released for public comment in early October, 1989. 

GALT LAND EXCHANGE: 

An ongoing process to evaluate and 4nalize a land exchange proposal in the Crazy Mountain range 

has been the focus of public concern for those having an interest in both the Lewis and C+ark and the 

Gallatin National Forests. Many people were involved in public scoping meetings during 1986 to assist 

the Forest in identifying issues. Access to National Forest lands was identified as the key issue during 

the scoping process. Also expressed was the concern that National Forest lands involved in the 

exchange may be more valuable for wildlife than those lands to be acquired. 

In response to the access issue, the exchange proponent has agreed to include five trail easements 

and one road easement in the exchange package. Perfection of these easements would ensure public 

access to the National Forest. The total acreage of the original exchange proposal was reduted. 

Letters were sent in late January 1988 to those who had been involved in the scoping process 

explaining the modifications to the original land exchange proposal. 

55 
At the end of FY 1989, the landowner made an offer to sell the land in the Crazy Mountains to the Forest 

Service. Because of this offer, the decision on the land exchange proposal was deferred until an 

investigation is completed on purchasing the property. 

I. 

WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS: 

To fulfill the requirements specified in the 1968 Wild and Scenic River Act (WSR Act), an analysis was 

initiated on the Forest to determine Che eligibility of every river on or crossing National Forest and to 

assign a potential classification (wild, scenic, recreational) to those river segments determined eligible. 

A March 13, 1989, a Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact documented nine rivers 

eligible for further study under the 1968 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. Eligibility was based on each river 

being free-flowing and containing at least one 'outstandingly remarkable' resource value (Le. scenic, 

recreation, geologic, fisheries, wildlife, cultural, natural). Eligible rivers include North Badger Creek, 

North Fork Sun River, South Fork Sun River, North Fork Birch Creek, Green Fork of Straight Creek and 

segments on National Forest lands along the Smith River, Tenderfoot Creek, Dearborn River, and the 

Middle Fork Judith River. These nine rivers were assigned a potential. classification of 'wild, scenic, 

and/or recreational" based on the condition of the river and adjacent lands. The March 13, 1989 

Decision Notice also incorporated Forest Plan Amendment 2 which provided management direction 

to protect and enhance each eligible river consistent with their potential classification. This direction 

remains in effect until the river suitability study is completed and/or a future decision is made on their 

designation into the National Wild and Scenic River System. 

Copies of the decision were mailed to over 380 individuals/groups. The decision was appealed by: (1) 

Pikuni Traditionalists Association, (2) Badger Chapter, Glacier-Two Medicine Alliance, and (3) John R. 

Swanson. The decision was upheld by the Regional Forester. 

The Study Team is presently reviewing resource information collected on Forest Rivers during the past 

field season. This review could result in the Study Team recommending additional rivers as eligible. 

MARIAS PASS: 

On April 25, 1988 a decision was made on the Mafias Pass Master Site Plan. The main issues 

addressed by the Study Team were: public safety, effects to a National Register eligible historical site, 

interpretation of historical features, protection of resource values, and attractions to the area. Copies 

of the decision were mailed to approximately 70 individuals and groups. No appeals were received on 

the decision and the project was completed during the summer of 1989. A re-dedication ceremony will 

be held in 1991 as part of the National Forest Reserves Centennial Celebration. .. 

LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL HlSTORlGTRAlL INTERPRETIVE CENTER: 

The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center was established by Public Law 100-552, 

October 28, 1988. Congress specifically determined that 'the historic significance of the travels of 

Lewis and Clark on the High Plains and their portage around the Great Falls of the Missouri 

requires ... recognition and interpretation." 

A Community Planning Meeting setting the vision for the Center was held March 4, 1989 with thirty five 

participants. Those attending represented the Forest Service, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife 

and Parks, Bureau of Land Management, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Cascade Cwty 

Historical Society, Montana Power Company and members of the community. 

In May, a Citizen's Steering Committee was formed to work with Forest Service Planning Team, and 

in July, a site was selected for the Interpretive Center. 

56 
The Citizen's Steering Committee and Forest Service Planning Team have been working closely with 

. ' the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the Giant Springs Heritage Park Commission 

to coordinate plans with the master site plan being developed for the State Park. 

' 

' 

Plans for the Interpretive Center include an indoor theater, 10,000 square foot exhibit area, outdoor 

amphitheater, interpretive trail system, and outdoor living history demonstration area where volunteers 

and staff can dress in period clothing and demonstrate activities of the Expedition. 

Programs at the Center will inc\ude public seminars, classroom and outdoor activities for school 

children, college-accredited coursework for students and teachers, and a research library for history 

scholars or researchers. 

The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation Inc. has decided to collocate their headquarters with 

the Interpretive Center. Their archival library collection will be housed at the center. 

Continued planning efforts include the following: 

1. Development of the interpretive storyline. 

2. Preparation of a design contract package. 

3. Completion of the National Environmental Policy Act. 

4. Award of a design contract. 

5. Design of road and utilities access. 

NATURAL PRESCRIBED FIRE PROGRAM IN THE BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS COMPLEX: 

Many informational activities were planned for the summer of FY 1989 because of the severity of the 

fire season in 1988 and the resulting effects of the Canyon Creek and Gates Park Fires. In June, three 

field trips with cooperating agencies, permittees, and an interested public group were taken into the 

Canyon Creek Fire area to view the effects of the fire and the success of grass seeding. Also, in June 

a meeting was held in Augusta, Montana with the Soil Conservation Service to establish a joint 

monitoring plan of the fire areas. 

In August, two Great Falls Montana television stations (KTGF and KFBB) produced follow-up stories 

on the Canyon Creek and Gates Park Fires. The stories highlighted environmental effects and rehabilitation efforts after the fires. 

In September, an extended pack trip for university researchers and Region One Forest Service 

personnel was taken to the Canyon Creek Fire area. c 

At the end of FY 1989, a regional team was established to review the fire management action plans 

for the four National Forests which are part of the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex. 

TIMBER SALE PROGRAM (TIMBER SALE EA APPEALS AND TSPIRS): 

The Moose Park Timber Sale within the Moose Creek project area was offered for sale in FY 1989. The 

American Wilderness Alliance appealed the Moose Creek Timber Sales Environmental Assessment 

under 36 CFR 21 7.9. In this appeal the organization requested a stay of the Moose Park Timber Sale 

and it was granted. Therefore, the advertisement was withdrawn pending administrative review. The 

Regional Forester remanded the decision for additional disclosure of new information. Because atthe 

possible significant environmental effects, a decision was made to prepare and Environmental Impact 

Statement. 

57 
The Forest is also preparing Environmental Impact Statements for timber sales in Mill-Lion and Spring 

Creek on the Musselshell Ranger District, and South Fork Complex on the Judith Ranger District. These 

Environmental Impact Statements should be completed in FY 1990. 

OTHER ISSUES: 

Management of the Badger-Two Medicine area remains sensitive with the Blackfeet people and 

Wilderness advocates. Protection of. the lands continues to be a key issue with traditional Blackfeet 

practitioners. * 

Reissuance of oil and gas leases on the Forest will be an upcoming issue for managers within the next 

years. Many of the previously issued leases expire beginning in 1991. Currently, no requests for 

reissuance of expired leases have been received by the Forest. Requests are anticipated within the 

next several years. A decision on the future status of leasing will be made after further NEPA analysis. 

The Forest is in the center of a regional (eastern Montana) issue which revolves around increased 

public awareness and demand for access to public lands. In 1987, a Goal Statement was developed 

by the staff of the Lewis and Clark National Forest to promote public access to public lands. 'It is the 

goal of the Lewis and Clark National Forest to provide equal access opportunities to all National Forest 

System lands except where the impact of public access to the unique resources of the area would be 

unacceptable. Where the cost of providing public access is greater than the anticipated public benefit, 

the lands will be scheduled for disposal by exchange or other land ownership adjustment process. The 

number and location of access points and type of access facility will be determined through analysis 

of the expressed public demand, environmental impacts, and cost of access for each individual 

situation.' In the summer of 1989, an analysis of Area Access Needs for the Highwoods Mountains was 

initiated. Individual contact was made with all landowners adjacent to National Forest lands and public 

meetings were held to determine the type and location of access needed, as documented in the Forest 

Plan. This analysis is continuing into FY 1990. 

1-3 Evaluate lands identified as not meeting physical or biological characteristics used in initial allocation. 

Frequency of Measurement: 100 percent sample annually. 

Reporting Period: Continuous. 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: All changes will be evaluated annually.- 

- 

The Forest is updating its timber stand inventory data base. As of the end of FY 1989, 529,284 acres of the 

Forest total of 1,843,397, or 29 percent has been updated. 

58 
Following is a summary by Ranger Districts: 

Rocky Mountain 

Judith 

Musselshell 

Inventoried I Ranger District I Total National Forest I I 

776,259 acres 60,202 acres 

362,841 182,559 

267,415 99,260 

z 

Kings Hill 

Total 

436,882 187,263 

1,843,397 acres 529,284 acres 

1-4 Validation of employment and income projections. 

Frequency of Measurement: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Reporting Period: 5-years (FY 1991). 

Variability Which Would Initiate Further Evaluation: More than plus or minus 20 percent of projected 

changes. 

This is a 5-year frequency measurement and will be validated in FY 1991. 

The following tables compare the outputs, activities, and budgets with those projected in the Forest 

Plan. 

.. 

59 
TABLE I 

COMPARISON OF OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES WITH THOSE PROJECTED IN TYE FOREST PLAN FOR THE 

PLANNING PERIOD (1 987-1 996) 

Projected Outputs and Activities by Time Period (Average Annual Units) 

- 

1993 

- 

- 

1989 

- 

205 

60 

450 

1392 

10 

0 

3 

I1 

72.4 

1607 

26 

4 

636 

0 

250 

9.7 

25.9 

67 

0 

502 

0 

25 

1 053 

1020 

Unit of 

Measure I Output or Activity First 

Decade 

169 

86 

61 4 

- 

1987 1996 

- 

145 

54 

51 8 

1992 

__B 

1994 

- 

1995 

Bll 

Developed Use 

Dispersed Use 

Wilderness 

Wildlife Habitat Imp 

Fish Habitat Imp 

J8E Habitat Imp 

Wildlife Habitat 

Structures 

Fish Habitat Structures 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Structures 

Structures 

600 

5 

100 

10 

25 

1400 

0 

0 

0 

19 

- 

72.3 

2433 

18 

4 

61 6 

- 

0 

134 

- 

- 

16.0 

33.9 

225 

490 

568 

12 

21 

1201 

- 

- 

863 

300 

2 

0 

2 

16 

71 .O 

1999 

20 

5 

772 

0 

160 

11.7 

30.6 

0 

1064 

688 

125 

14 

1813 

665 

Permitted Graze 

Use 

Range Improvement 

Nonstructural 

Structural 

M AUM 

Acres 

Structures 

Plans 

Acres 

Acres 

71.1 

1329 

40 

10 

300 

600 

2000 

90 

160 

14 

15.5 

28.0 

54 

270 

200 

0 

26 

1470 

700 

Range Resource 

Plans 

(Allotment Mgt 

Plans) 

Noxious Weed Control 

Noxious Weed Control 

Soil Inventory 

Minerals Mgrnt 

Minerals Mgrnt 

Total Volume Offered 

Silvicultural Exams 

Silvicultural Exams 

Reforest-Approp 

Rcforest-KV 

Timber Stand ImpAppropriation 

Timber Stand 

Imp-KV 

Landline Location 

Fuels Mgmt-BO 

Fuels Mgrnt-FFP 

Acres 

Cases 

Cases 

MM BF 

M Acres 

M Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Miles 

Acres 

Acres 

Road Construction 

Road Reconstruct 

Total 

Trail Construction/ 

Reconstruction 

Miles 

Miles 

Miles 

Miles 

2.9 

20.3 

23.2 

13.3 

- 

0 

17.9 

17.9 

12.8 

- 

9.0 

24.0 

33.0 

14.0 

3.7 

29.7 

33.4 

6.5 

60 
TABLE II 

COMPARISON OF THE ACTUAL BUDGET RECEIVED IN FY 1989 WITH THE FOREST PLAN 

PROJECTED ANNUAL BUDGET: 

Fundlng Item 

00 

01 

02 

03 

04 

05 

06,07 

08 

09 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

23 

26,28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

42 

43 

24,38 

Budget Actlvlty 

General Administration 

Fire -r 

Fuels 

Sales Prep/Admin 

Timber Planning 

Silvicultural Exams 

Range 

F Ainerals 

Recreation 

Wildlife and Fish 

Soil, Air, Water 

Facility Maintenance 

Special Uses 

Geometronics 

Land Exchange 

Landline Location 

Road Maintenance 

Trail Maintenance 

Co-op Law Enforcement 

Reforestation - Appropriated 

TSI - Appropriated 

Tree Improvement 

KV (Trust Fund) 

CWFS - Other (Trust Fund) 

Timber Salv. Sales (Perm.Fund) 

Brush Disposal (Perm. Fund) 

Range Improvement 

Recreation Construction 

Facility Construction - FA&O 

Engineering Construction Support 

Const. - Capital Investment Roads 

Trail Construction/Reconstruction 

Land Status 

Land Acquisition 

* 

- 

Total Budget 

Timber Purchaser Credits 

Total Cost 

1989 Actual 

Budget 

Forest Plan 

Projected 

Budget Fy89 FY89 Dollars 

Dollars 

Thousand $ I Thousand $ 

$1 077 

$335 

$33 

$274 

$1 65 

$21 6 

$450 

$495 

$572 

$51 8 

$1 78 

$1 25 

$56 

$1 2 

$53 

$101 

$426 

$31 2 

$46 

$64 

$31 

$8 

$1 12 

$26 

$35 

$26 

$55 

$51 

$0 

$503 

$579 

$1 47 

$43 

$1 73 

.. 

$1 030 

$251 

$29 

$333 

$1 73 

$223 

$305 

$21 2 

$348 

$1 99 

$99 

$34 

$40 

$0 

$24 

$1 01 

$31 5 

$1 56 

$45 

$3 1 

$70 

$1 2 

$90 

$60 

$29 

$39 

$35 

$94 

$7 

,388 

$531 

$131 

$0 

$0 

$7,297 $5,434 

$7,535 I $5,481 

61 
IV. PLANNED ACTIONS 

These planned action items have been identified in this report. They are in addition to the routine actions listed 

in Chapter V Implementation section of the Forest Plan. 

Planned Action 

A. There is a need to increase awareness and commitment to monitoring range condition and trend (D-2). 

B. There is a need to place greater emphasis on range management planning (Allotment Management 

Plans) (D-4). 

There is a need to continue to validate costs and values used in the Forest Plan (1-1). \ C. 

62 
V. RESEARCH NEEDS 

The following additional research needs have been identified: 

No additional research needs have been identified. 

63 
VI. AMENDMENTS 

The following amendments have been made to the Lewis and Clark National Forest Plan: 

A. , Bob Marshall, Great Bear and Scapegoat Wildernesses Recreation Management Direction (Replaces ' ' Appendix U, Wilderness Recreation Opportunity Class Descriptions and Guidelines, April 1987) 

(Amendment Number 1). 

B. Wild and Scenic Rivers Study, March 13, 1989. (Amendment Number 2). 

C. Amendment Number 3, April 17, 1989. 

64 
t 

VII. APPENDICES 

APPENDIX A - Lewis and Clark National Forest Wilderness Monitoring Report (8-2) 

65 
VIII. LIST OF PREPARERS 

The following individuals contributed to the development of the Monitoring and Evaluation Report for the 

Lewis and Clark National Forest for Fiscal Year 1989. 

Name Functional Resource Area 

Bonnie Dearing 

William Duryee 

James Eakland 

Sam Gilbert 

Donald Godtel 

Valdon Hancock 

Cynthia Manning 

Wayne Phillips 

Keith Sandifer 

Donald Sasse 

Dick Smith 

Len Walch 

Ronald Yates 

Public Information Officer 

Staff Officer Engineer/Lands 

Forester - Planning 

Zone Timber (Silviculturist) 

Wildlife Biologist 

Hydrologist 

Archaeologist 

Ecologist 

Supervisory Geologist 

Wildlife Biologist 

Staff Officer Land Management Planning/Fire 

Zone Fisheries Biologist 

Landscape Architect 

In addition, the report was reviewed by the following individuals: 

John Gorman 

Dick Call 

Paul Threlkeld 

Robert Casey 

Jerry Dombrovske 

William Fortune 

Victor Standa 

Forest Supervisor 

Zone Staff Officer (Timber) 

Staff Officer Administration 

District Ranger, Rocky Mountain Ranger District 

District Ranger, Judith Ranger District 

District Ranger, Musselshell Ranger District 

District Ranger, Kings Hill Ranger District 

IX. APPROVAL 

I have reviewed the annual Forest Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Report for Fiscal Year 1989 for the Lewis 

and Clark National Forest that was prepared by the Forest Interdisciplinary Team. I am satisfied that the 

Monitoring and Evaluation effort meets the intent of the Forest Plan (Chapter V), Forest Service Handbook 

1909.12, and 36 CFR 21 9. 

This report is approved: 

JOHN D. GORMAN 

Forest Supervisor 

66 
APPENDIX A 

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST 

WILDERNESS MON1TORING REPORT (8-2) 

A summary of the monitoring that was accomplished is as follows: 

TRAIL ENCOUNTERS 

Frequency: 

-sMonitoring of trail and campsite density was accomplished at an intermediate level for Opportunity 

Class (OC) 3 and 4 except within the Gates Creek Fire area where many of the trails were impassable 

during much of July and August. 

An intermediate level is twice monthly for July and August and once a month in September, October, 

and November. It should be noted that in much of the Rocky Mountain Ranger District, OC 3 is within 

the Sun River Game Preserve which receives light to no use in October and November. 

Monitoring within the Canyon Creek and Gates Creek Fire Areas reflected outfitter use at 75% of the 

level before the fires, while private use of the burn areas was almost nonexistent with the exception 

of Headquarters Pass Trail #165 (OC 3), which exceeded trail encounter standards four of the six 

times it was monitored. 

Encounter Standards: 

OC 1 - 80% probability of encountering no other parties. 

OC 2 - 80% probability of encountering no more than 1 other party. 

OC 3 - 80% probability of encountering no more than 3 other parties. 

OC 4 - 80% probability of encountering no more than 5 other parties. 

Standards Exceeded: 

oc 4: 

-On West Fork Sun River Trail #203, five of the eight times it was monitored. 

-On South Fork Sun River Trail #202, three of the eight times it was monitored. 

-On North Fork Sun River Trail #201, four of the nine times it was monitored. 

-On Moose Furman Trail #261, three of the five times it was monitored. 

oc 3: . Trails were generally within standard except as noted previously: 

-Headquarters Creek Trail #165. 

-Moose Creek Trail #131 also exceeded standard in the OC 3, three of the six times it was 

monitored. (A definite shift in travel use from Rock Creek Trail to Moose Creek Trail was 

noted). 

OC 2 and 1: 

Trails that were monitored (66% of which were monitored) were within standard. 

CAMPSITE ENCOUNTERS AND DENSIN 

Frequency: Same as stated under trail encounters. 

Encounter Standards: 

OC 1 - 80% probability of encountering no other camps. 

OC 2 - 80% probability of encountering no other camps. 

67 
OC 3 - 80% probability of encountering no more than 1 other camp. 

OC 4 - 80% probability of encountering no more than 3 other camps. 

Standards Exceeded: 

oc 4: 

-The only area that exceeded the campsite density standard was Circle Creek, section 3, T22N, 

RIOW, PMM, where there were five occupied camps October 22nd through October 25th. 

-South Fork and West Fork Sun River area were found to each reach the standard of three camps 

within sight or sound on three occasions each. 

-The Glenn Creek area on North Fork of Sun River also had three camps within sight and sound on 

two occasions. -. 

OC 3,2 and 1: 

None were found to exceed their respective standards. 

The monitoring effort did reveal that both trail and campsite encounters are within standard overall for all 

opportunity classes except for isolated instances previously noted. 

SEVERELY IMPACTED SITES 

Frequency: 

Severely impacted sites should be reinventoried annually. 286 campsites have been inventoried to 

date. Of these, less than 10% were classified as severely impacted. 

Problem Areas: 

-West Fork of Sun River from Reef Creek to Indian Point. 

-Glenn Creek from 1/2 mile upstream of North Fork Sun River to 3/4 mile down stream. 

-One campsite in the Pretty Prairie area. 

Camp closures around all lakes and under the Chinese Wall are in effect and these sites are showing slow 

improvement. Rest rotation and closure to horses in some other camp sites have dramatically improved 

conditions at these sites. 

Improved Sites: 

-The junction of Headquarters Creek and Gates Creek and North Fork of Sun River in the Bob 

Marshall Wilderness. 

-Pass Creek and Halfmoon Park in the Scapegoat Wilderness. . 

- 

BARRON CORE 

Barren Core has not been a problem except in high alpine cirque. 

Problem Areas: 

-Moose Creek Closure under the Chinese Wall. 

-Pretty Prairie area where very early season camping (May and early June) has occurred in the past. 

Isolated areas particularly along the West Fork of Sun River have been inventoried. These average about 100 

to 200 square feet in OC 4. 

lr 

68 
NUMBER OF HUMAN IMPACTED SITES PER 640 ACRES 

Encounter Standards: 

OC 1 - 1 human impacted site per 640 acres. 

OC 2 - 2 human impacted sites per 640 acres. 

OC 3 - 3 human impacted sites per 640 acres. 

OC 4 - 6 human impacted sites per 640 acres. 

oc 4: 

oc 3, 2, 

RANGE 

Only the West Fork of Sun River and Glenn Creek area on the North Fork Sun River approach this 

standard. 

and 1: 

Isolated instances occur in all OC’s, particularly in areas receiving additional use since the 1988 

fires. Upper West Fork Sun and Moose Creek in OC 3, Ahorn, Pearl Basin, and Halfmoon Park in 

OC 2, and Grizzly Basin in OC 1 are areas that will require close monitoring in the future. 

\i 

Encounter Standards: 

Degree of forage utilization: 

OC 1 - No more than 20% of key species forage utilized. 

OC 2 - No more than 20% of key species forage utilized. 

OC 3 - No more than 40% of key species forage utilized, 

except on big game winter range and grizzly bear habitat. 

OC 4 - Same as OC 3. 

Overall the range condition is good. Normal precipitation was received in 1989. 

oc 4: 

Areas that are approaching the standard are: 

-West Fork of Sun River from Reef Creek to Burnt Creek. 

-Bear Creek on South Fork Sun River. 

-Glenn Creek on North Fork of Sun. 

-Heavy fall use area on Circle Creek and Bridge Creek. 

oc 3: 

In the past Red Shale has been a problem area, but with the intensive burn in this area, the grazing 

patterns may change. The area received no use in 1989 due to trail condition. - 

OC 1 and 2: F 

There have also been isolated instances in the Scapegoat Wilderness of range deterioration, but 

these areas burned intensively and have either not recovered from the fire or have not been grazed 

this past season. Most notable of these are: 

-Pass Creek. 

-Cave Creek. 

-Red Slide Mountain. 

The outfitter at Haffmoon did not graze the area this season, because the forage had not recovered 

from the intense burn in that area. The high elevation of the grazing area (generally lies above ROO0 

feet) undoubtedly attributed to the slow recovery of the forage. Forage was available for light 

grazing, however trailing of stock over the light sod of the area and fragile soils may have attributed 

to excessive erosion so the grazing was shifted to lower elevation meadows. 

69