SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 27 

The Mosses of 

Juan Fernandez Islands 

Harold Robinson 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1975 
ABSTRACT 

Robinson, Harold. The Mosses of Juan Fernandez Islands. Smithsonian Con. 

tributions to Botany, number 27, 88 pages, 1975.-Keys and descriptions are 

presented for the mosses of Juan Fernandez Islands. A total of 129 species are 

recognized in 73 genera and 32 families. Thirty-three of the species (about 95 

percent) are endemic. Four new combinations are provided: Amphidium tortuosum, Calyptrochaeta grandiretis, C. leptoloma, and Diplostichum jamesonii. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5367. SERIES COVER DMK;N: 

Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. 

Robinson, Harold Ernest, 1932- 

The mosses of Juan Fernandez Islands. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botanv. no. I, 27) 

Sup. of Doc. no.: SI 1.29:27. 

1. Mosses-Chile-Tuan Fernandez (Islands). I. Title. 11. Series: Smithsonian Institution. 

Smithsonian conkibutions to botany, no. ‘27. 

QK1 .S2747 no. 27 [QK542.4.C5] 581’.08s [588’.2‘09832] 75-619009 
Contents 

Introduction ................................................................ 

Key to Genera .................................................................. 

Andreaeaceae ..................................................................... 

Andreaea ..................................................................... 

Polytrichaceae .......................................................... 

Oligotrichum ................................................................. 

Polytrichadelphus ............................................................... 

Dendroligotrichum ............................................................. 

Fissidentaceae .................................................................... 

Fissidens ...................................................................... 

Di trichaceae ..................................................................... 

Pleuridium ..................................... .......................... 

Ditrichum ..................................................................... 

Ceratodon .................................................................... 

Grimmiaceae .................................................................... 

Grimmia .................................................................. 

Rhacomitriurn ................................................................. 

Ptychomitrium ................................................................. 

Dicranaceae ....................................................................... 

Dicranella .................................................................... 

Oncophorus .................................................................. 

Amphidium .................................................................... 

Rhabdoweisia ............................. ............................. 

Dicranoloma .................................................................. 

Chorisodontium ............................................................... 

Campylopus .......................................... ..................... 

Dicnemonaceae ..................................................................... 

Pottiaceae ......................................................................... 

TYeisia ........... ......................................................... 

Gymnostomum ................................................................ 

Trichostomum .................. ........................................... 

Bryoerythrophyllum ....................................................... 

Leptodontium ............................................................ 

Tortula ........................................................................ 

Funariaceae ........................................................................ 

Funaria ....................................................................... 

Bryaceae ........................................................................... 

Orthodontium ......... ....*............... ......................... 

a .................................................................. 

Notoligotrichum ......................................... 

Eucamptodon .................... .......................................... 

............................................................ 

.................. ............................. 

Leptostomum ................................................................... 

................................................. 

Diplostichum ............................................ ................. 

Rhizogoniaceae .... ............................................. .. 

Rhizogonium ................................... ............................ 

Leptotheca ........................................ ................ 

.4 ulacomniaceae ........... ................................................. 

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iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

.......................t........,........... 

Anacolia . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . , . . , , . . . , 

Philonotis . . . . , . . . , , . . ........... ...................... 

...................... ..... . ..... .................. . .................. 

.... ... ......................... 

Macrocoma , , . . , . . ...... ............................................ 

Macromitrium 

Hedwigiaceae . . . ............... .. I... ................... 

. . . . , . . , . . . , , , . . . . , , , , . . . , , .............. 

....... .................. 

... ....................................... 

Lepyrodon . . , . . . . . . . . . . 

Weymouthia 

Papillaria . . . . . , , , , , , , , . . 

Me teoriaceae . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . , , , , . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , . . , , , , , . 

. . . , . . . . . . . . .... ................ 

Neckeraceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . , . , , . , . . ,............. 

....... . ... .............................................. 

............. 

,.................. 

........ .................. 

................................... 

..... ...... 

......................... 

............ 

Rigodium . . . . . , . . . . . ............ ................................... 

Arnblystegiaceae . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . 

...................................................... 

Acrocladium .................................................. . .... ... Plagiotheciaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . , . . ............ 

Distichophy llum , , , . . , . , , . , , . . . , , . , , . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . , , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Calyptrochaeta . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Schimpero bryum 

Ptychomniaceae 

Ptychomnion . . , , , , . , , , , . . . . . . . , . . , , , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ma tophyllaceae , . , . , . . , , . . , . . . , . . , . , . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Achrophy Hum .... ..... ... 

. , . . , , . , , , . . . . . . . , . , , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . I . . . . . . . , . , . , , , , , , , , . , , . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 

...... ............................................................. Hyplurn ................................................ 

Isopterygium . . . . . . ................................. ............ .. 

Literature Cited . . , , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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The Mosses of 

Juan Fernandez Islands 

Harold Robinson 

Introduction 

The Juan Fernandez Islands comprise one of the 

remote island groups of the Southeastern Pacific 

that are under the administration of Chile. The 

islands are located near 34O S latitude and 80° W 

longitude, about 400-500 miles off the west coast 

of South America. Juan Fernandez consists of three 

islands: Mas a Tierra, to the east, with about 36 

square miles and elevations to 3000 feet; the small 

island of Santa Clara, off the southwest tip of Mas 

a Tierra; and Mas Afuera, about 100 miles to the 

west, with 33 square miles and elevations to 5415 

feet. Mas a Tierra is the island on which Alexander 

Selkirk was stranded for many years. The islands 

have a moist, temperate climate and rough terrain 

with some areas rather inaccessible. The flora is 

known to contain many interesting and endemic 

plants, including one endemic family of higher 

plants. 

The present study is the third major effort on 

the moss flora of Juan Fernandez. The two previous studies, by Brotherus (1924) and Bartram 

(1957), were based primarily on the collections of 

Carl and Inga Skottsberg (Sk), first from the 1916- 

1917 expedition and later from the 1954-1955 expedition, Information from other collections, including those of Dr. C. Bertero (B), Mr. E. C. Reed, 

and Prof. Skottsberg in 1908 are summarized by 

Brotherus. Later collections by Baron Benkt Sparre 

(Sp) and Mr. Gunther Kunkel (K) are included in 

the study by Bartram. From his study Bartram 

Harold Robinson? Department of Botany, National Museuin 

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 

D.C. 20560. 

concluded that 150 species occurred on the island, 

with 46 of the species (about 30 percent) endemic. 

A number of factors have contributed to the 

present revision of the moss flora of Juan Fernandez. Foremost are the collections obtained during 

the 1965 expedition sponsored by the National 

Science Foundation, with participants Raymond 

Hatcher (H), John Engel (E), Henry Imshaug (I), 

and Frederick Meyer (M). Further collections by 

Mr. Kunkel have also been obtained for identification through the'kindness of Dr. Schultz-Motel and 

the Botanisches Museum at Berlin-Dahlem (B). 

At the conclusion of the study a very large loan of 

the original Skottsberg collections was obtained 

through the kindness of Dr. Elsa Nyholm and others 

at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum of Stockholm 

(S), and a few types were available from the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National d'Histoire 

Naturelle (PC), through the kindness of Mme. 

Allorge and Mme. Jovet-Ast. Some duplicates of the 

Skottsberg collections distributed by Brotherus 

have been available in the U. S. National Herbarium. Many changes brought to light in the production of the Index Muscorum (Wijk et al., 1959- 

1969) are included here along with some findings 

of subsequent work, such as the studies of Zander 

(1972), Smith (1971), and Vitt and Crosby (1972). 

Three new species discovered in the present study, 

Fissidens ornaticostatus, Dicranoloma kunkelii, and 

Sematophyllztm kunkelii, along with new combinations in Thamnobryum and Achrophyllum have 

been published separately (Robinson, 1974). General use has been made of moss treatments for two 

floristically related areas: Sainsbury (1955a) for 

New Zealand and Vitt (1974) for Campbell Island. 

1 
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

The present treatment recognizes ,129 species 

from Juan Fernandez, of which 33 ace endemic. 

The moss flora of the islands has most species in 

common with the mainland of Chile, but there are 

a few anomalous elements. Combined on the islands 

are some species from far south in Chile, such as 

Rigodium hylocomioides, with some from much 

farther north in South America, such as Leptodontium pungens. The genus Cyptodon represents the 

most unusual type of distribution, being an element in common with the New Zealand area but 

not found on the much closer mainland of South 

America. 

The sequence of families in the following treatment is according to the revised classification by 

Robinson (1971). The citation of specimens is 

modified to include the code given above for the 

many collectors and herbaria. Herbaria are indicated in parentheses; and the specimens are in the 

U. S. National Herbarium unless otherwise indicated. Portions of the Berlin specimens are retained 

in the U. S. National Herbarium. Of the types 

listed in synonymy, only those indicated by the 

symbol "(!)" have been seen. 

Key to Genera 

1. Leaves ornamented with or thickened by lamellae or crowded ridges on adaxial surface ... 2 

2. Plants dendroid, profusely branched; marginal lamina bistratose ....... Dendroligotrichurn 

2. Plants not dendroid, stems not branched: marginal lamina unistratose ................... 3 

3. Leaves with sharply demarcated, broader sheathing base; capsule with 2 sharp angles: 

peristome with 64 teeth ................................................................. Polytrichadelphus 

3. Leaves without sharply demarcated sheathing base; capsule without angles; peristome 

with 32 teeth ........................................................................................................... 4 

4. Upper leaf margins not incurved; lamellae mostly restricted to costa, lamellae without differentiated marginal cells; capsule erect, cylindrical ............. .Oligotrichurn 

4. Upper leaf margins incurved; lamellae on costa and adjacent lamina, marginal cells 

of lamellae papillose; capsule oblique with narrowed mouth ..... Notoligotrichum 

1. Leaves without lamellae or crowded ridges on adaxial surface ........................................ 5 

5. Leaves strictly and regularly in 2 rows on most stems ........................................... 6 

6. Leaves with clasping basal laminae distinct from vertical apical lamina ...... Fissidens 

6. Leaves simple, without distinct or partially discontinuous apical lamina . Diplostichurn 

5. Leaves inserted in more than 2 rows, bases at least partially offset toward dorsal or ventral surfaces of stem ........................................................................................................... 7 

7. Plants without creeping or frondose habit: stems mostly erect with most branching from 

just beneath apical perichaetia ................................................................................... 8 

8. Leaves without midrib ............................................................................................ 9 

9. Leaves without differentiated alar cells; capsule opening by lateral slits .......... 

................................................ ...................................................... Andreaea 

9. Leaves with highly differentiated alar cells; capsules with operculum .......... 

.................................................................................................................. Eucarnptodon 

8. Leaves with distinct midrib ................................................................................ .10 

10. Leaf with lax, smooth, thin-walled cells throughout upper part and most of 

lower part, sometimes with distinct narrow cells along margin ................... 11 

11. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, widest in basal fourth; capsules 

erect ......................................................................................................... 12 

12. Leaf bordered, entire .......................................................... Daltonia 

12. Leaf not bordered, subentire to serrulate ....................................... 13 

13. Perichaetium apical; peristome double; leaves in dense, short-stemmed 

tufts ................................................................................ Orthodontiurn 

13. Perichaetium lateral; peristome single; leaves mostly imbricated on 

11. Leaves ovate to obovate, usually widest above basal third; capsules strongly 

inclined to pendant .................................................................................. 14 

14. Leaves obovate, without distinct border .......................... Funmia 

14. Leaves ovate or with distinct border ................................................. 15 

15. Coarse, pale plants with elongate stems: capsule inclined, short and 

broad ................................................................ Philonotis 

longer stems ................................................................ Mielichhoferia 
SUMBER 27 3 

15.Small or dark plants with usually short stems; capsule pendant, narrow .......................................................... ...................................... Bryum 

10. Leaf with short, dense, papillose or thick-walled cells in upper part; without 

distinct border of narrow cells on upper margin .............................................. ..16 

16. Leaf with costa broad, nearly filling upper part, not mamillose or papillose ........................................................................................................................ .17 

17. Leaves without differentiated alar cells; seta straight ............ Ditrichum 

17. Leaves often with differentiated alar cells; seta usually sinuous ............ 

16. Leaf with costa narrow and not filling most of upper lamina, or mamillose 

or papillose ............................................................................................ 18 

18. Alar cells highly differentiated, forming prominent auricles ................. 19 

19. Costa mamillose on back ............................................... Chorisodontium 

19. Costa smooth on back .............................................. .DicranoZoma 

18. Alar cells not highly differentiated or sharply demarcated .................. 20 

20. Vegetative leaves small, scalelike, appressed; capsules sessile, without 

differentiated operculum .................................................. Pleuridium 

20. Vegetative leaves small to large, with spreading or contorted tips; capsules with short to long setae, with distinct operculum ............ 21 

21. Leaves broadly oblong or oblongovate, with costa in abrupt apical 

mucro or hair-point .................................................................. 22 

22. Leaf cells smooth ........................................................... 23 

........... 24 

24. Hair-point hyaline; leaves not contorted when dry; seta 

24. Hair-point not hyaline; leaves slightly contorted when 

21. Leaves ovate to narrowly oblong or lanceolate, without costa in 

abrupt apical mucro or hair-point ......................................... 25 

..................................................................................... Rhacomitrium 

26. Upper leaf cells elongate, usually with papillae at upper or 

lower ends or both ends ........................................... 27 

27. Upper leaf abruptly narrowed from sheathing hyaline 

base .................................................................. Bartramia 

27. Upper leaf not abruptly narrowed from sheathing hyaline 

base .................................................................................. 28 

28. Costa partially merging with bi- tristratose lamina in 

upper part of leaf; plants with single subfloral innova28. Costa discrete in upper part of leaf; plants with whorls 

of subfloral innovations; capsules inclined to pendant, 

ribbed ..................................................................... .29 

29. Leaves rather lustrous, partially plicate; all but 

29. Leaves not lustrous, not plicate; at least basal leaf 

cells not linear ..................................... Philonotis 

26. Upper leaf cells mostly rounded to subquadrate, smooth or 

with papillae over lumens ................................................... 30 

30. Inner basal cells narrow with very thick walls, outer basal 

cells short and thinner-walled ................................ Ulota 

30. Inner basal cells not thicker-walled than outer basal 

cells ....................................................................................... 31 

31. Leafy stems with prominent red tomentum . . Zygodon 

31. Leafy stems without prominent red tomentum except 

at base ........................................................................... 32 

......................................................................................................... Campylopus 

22. Leaf cells papillose ...................................................... Tortula 

23. Costa in short mucro; capsules ribbed ............. Leptotheca 

cygneous ........................................................... .Grimmia 

dry; seta straight .................................. Leptostomum 

25. At least lower cells of leaf narrow with closely sinuous walls ... 

25. Lower cells of leaf without distinctly sinuous walls .......... 26 

23. Leaf with long hair-point; capsules not ribbed 

tions; capsules erect and smooth ..................... Anacolia 

marginal leaf cells linear ...................... Breutelia 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

32. Leaves without papillae .............................................. 33 

33. Leaves regularly and sharply serrate above middle; perichaetia lateral: peristome double ............ 

33. Leaves irregularly serrate or serrulate to entire: 

perichaetia apical: peristome single ................. 34 

34. Leaves mostly lingulate, strongly crisped 

when dry: peristome teeth simple, undivided 

........................................................ Rhabdinueisia 

34. Leaves distinctly lanceolate to ovate: mostly 

erect to flexuous when dry: peristome teeth 

cleft ..................................................................... 35 

%.Leaves spreading from a distinct erect 

sheathing base ............................ onCOpho*us 

35. Leaves without prominent distinct erect 

sheathing base ............................................ 36 

36. Leaves entire with incurved margins: 

calyptra mitrate: capsule not ribbed .... 

36. Leaves usually serrulate, margins 

slightly to strongly reflexed: calyptra 

cucullate: capsule ribbed or sulcate 

when dry ................................................ 37 

37. Basal leaf cells subquadrate to 

short-oblong: seta mostly reddish to 

purple: peristome teeth cleft to base 

into long, narrow segments, without striations .................... Cc*atodon 

37. Basal leaf cells 3-4 times as long as 

wide: seta yellow: peristome teeth 

cleft to middle, with striations ...... 

............................................. Dicrmlla 

...................................................... 38 

ingle simple papillae: capsules 

subglobose, becoming more oblong when dry; 

38.Leaf cells with many papillae or with complex 

papillae: capsules cylindrical or arcuate; peri39. Leaf margins slightly to distinctly incurved .. 

............................................................................... 40 

40. Plants yellowish green; leaves narrowly 

lanceolate: peristome teeth short-lanceolate or lacking 

late; peristome teeth erect, narrow, bifid .. 

........ Trichostomum 

urved .................... 41 

...................................... Rhixogonium 

.......................................... Ptychomitrium 

peristome double .................. Philonotis scabrifolia 

stome single or lacking ......................................... 39 

40,Plants dark gre 

41. Leaves entire, blunt or obtuse 

41. Leaves distinctly few- to many-toothed, 

sharply acute ................................................ 42 

42. Leaves with papillae strictly cuticular, 

mostly elongate, appearing as short 

lines on surface: capsules ribbed when 

dry: peristome lacking ...... Amphidium 

42. Leaves with normal papillae, rounded 

or appearing c-shaped: capsules not 

ribbed: peristome present .................. 43 

.................................................. Gymnostomum 
NUMBER 27 5 

43. Plants reddish green; stems with 

central strand ..Bryoerythrophyllum 

43. Plants yellowish green with only 

rhizoids reddish; stems lacking central strand ..... L.+todontium 

in vegetative 

parts; creeping stems sometimes hidden under crowded, erect branches ........................ 44 

44. Costae short, double, or lacking .............................................................. 

7. Plants with mostly creeping or frondose habit, often profusely br 

45. Leaves transversely undulate ................................................ 

45. Leaves not transversely undulate .............. ......... 

46. Alar cells not differentiated ...................................................................................... 47 

............................ Cal~~~~h~ta 

................................................... .48 

48. Plants not complanate-foliate ...................................................................... 49 

49. Leaves usuaIly longitudinally plicate or rugose; capsules ribbed ...... 

49. Leaves smooth; capsules smooth ............................................ Lep)Kalon 

48. Plants mostly complanate-foliate; leaves not distinctly plicate or 

47.Leaves with border of narrow cel 

47. Leaves without distinct border ..... 

................................................................................. Ptychmnion 

rate ................................ 

............................. Schieerobrpm 

............................................... 

46. Alar cells differentiated ............................................................................................... 52 

52. Leaf tip mostly rounded, usually concave, sometimes slightly produced .53 

53. Alar cells inflated, thin-walled, hyaline; leaves only slightly concave .... 

............................................................................................................ Acrocladium 

53. Alar cells not inflated, rather thick-walled, 

strongly concave ................... .......... t ............. 

54. Leaf tip short- to longacute ous, not conc ...................... .54 

54. Plants brittle when dry; cuticle on backs of leaves forming a thick 

ceramic covering; leaf tips rather abruptly piliferous ........ Rhacocmpts 

54. Plants Rot noticeably brittle when dry; cuticle not forming a ceramic 

covering; leaf tips not abruptly piliferous ............................................... 55 

55. Leaves somewhat keeled to faintly costate in upper part; perichaetia 

apical; capsules erect; peristome single, spores multicellular ............ 

55. Leaves not keeled or costate in upper part; perichaetia lateral; capsules inclined to arcuate; peristome double; spores unicellular ..... 56 

56. Basal row of alar cell group forming a distinct series of 4 or 4 

cells; leaves erect-spreading to slightly falcate-secund; operculum 

longratrate .................................................................. S~fft~hy~~rn 

56. Basal row of alar cells not distinct; leaves strongly falcate-secund; 

................................................ 57 

a1 leaves ............................. 58 

58. Leafy stems prostrate; leaves without border of narrow cells ....... Rhncopilum 

58. Leafy stems rather dendroid, frondose on distinct, erect stipes; leaves with 

distinct border of narrow cells ................................................................................ 59 

59. Fronds subpinnately branched, erect; seta papillose; capsule suberect 

59. Fronds rather palmately branched, reflexed on stipe; seta smooth; capsule 

inclined to pendant ...................................................................... ..Hypuf.~terygium 

57. Stems with dorsal leaves not distinctly smaller than lateral leaves ...................... 60 

60. Lower leaf cells and sometimes a11 leaf cells narrow with thickened, closely 

sinuous walls ............................................................................... .Rhecmitnum 

.................................................................................................... Eucampanhm 

operculum conical .................................................................... Hrpmcm 

44. Costae single and reaching midleaf or beyond ...... 

57. Stems with dorsal leaves distinctly smaller than 

........................................................................................................................ Lopi 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

60. Lower leaf cells without thickened, closely sinuous walls 61 

61. Upper leaf cells rounded with thick walls, often bulging; perichaetia 

terminal on leafy branches; leafy stems and branches never complanate 62 

62. Leafy stems slender; leaves appressed when dry, not contorted; leaf 

Macrocoma 

62. Leafy stems not slender; leaves slightly to strongly contorted when dry, 

Macromitrium 

61. Upper leaf cells angular to elongate, smooth or papillose; perichaetia in 

lateral buds; leafy stems and branches sometimes complanate 63 

63 Leaf cells papillose 64 

64. Leaf cells elongate, papillae in series on cell surface; leaves tightly 

appressed when dry Papillaria 

64. Leaf cells mostly isodiametric, papillae not in series; leaves not 

tightly appressed when dry 65 

65. Stems without paraphyllia; leafy stems and branches complanatefoliate Pinnatella 

65. Stems with distinct paraphyllia; leafy stems and branches not 

complanate-foliate Thuidium 

66 

66. Plants forming distinct, pinnately branched fronds 67 

67. Leaf tips rounded; fronds curling rbhen dry Leptodon 

67.Leaf tips acute to sharply acuminate; fronds not curling when 

dry 68 

68.Costa of leaf with series of teeth abaxially toNard tip; capsule ribbed Hypnodendron 

68. Costa of leaf not toothed on back; capsule not ribbed 69 

69. Leafy stems and branches neier complanate-foliate; alar 

region with many short subquadrate cells Rigodium 

69. Leafy stems and branches sometimes complanate-foliate; 

alar cells indistinct 70 

70. Leaf cells mostly elongate; costa up to 3/4 of leaf 

length Porothamnium 

70. Leaf cells mostly rounded or oval; costa reaching near 

or to leaf apex Thmnnobryum 

71 

72 

72. Leaf border multistratose; coarse, often aquatic plants 

Scimomium 

72. Leaf border with cells unistratose in 1-3 rows; rather deli73. Leaves lanceolate; peristome teeth l+ithout median furrow 

on outer surface; erect, tufted plants Daltonia 

73. Leaves broadly elliptical to obovate; peristome teeth r+ith 

median furrow on outer surface; plants mostly complanatefoliate Distichophyllum 

54 

Achrophy llum 

75 

75. Alar region with numerous subquadrate to transversely 

elongate cells in many radiating series Cyptodon 

55 Alar region without great numbers of subquadrate cells 

in many radiating series 76 

76. Leaves completely entire Catagoniopsis 

76. Leaves slightly to sharply serrulate 77 

77 Mature leaves distinctly longitudinally plicate; leaf 

cells distinctly thickened and porose Lepyrodon 

77. Leaies not plicate; leaf cells without thick porose 

walls 78 

cells rounded or oval throughout most of lamina 

leaves with distinct linear basal cells 

63. Leaf cells not papillose 

66. Plants not forming distinct, pinnately branched fronds 

71. Leaves at least partially bordered with elongate cells 

cate, often epiphjtic plants 73 

71. Leaves without distinct border of elongate cells 

74. Leaf cells mostly isodiametric, mostly 25-80 km in diameter 

74. Leaf cells mostly distinctly longer than %bide 
NUMBER 27 7 

78.Leafy stems and branches not complanate; leaf 

cells about 3 times as long as wide; operculum 

conical ................................................. .Amblystcgium 

78. Leafy stems and branches complanate; leaf cells 

5-10 or more times as long as wide; operculum 

longrostrate ................................... Rhynchostcgium 

ANDREAEACEAE 

Genus Andreaea 

Blackish mosses in cushions 1-3 cm high. Leaves 

usually densely imbricate, often fragile. Sporophyte 

on pseudopodium, capsule opening by 4-6 vertical 

slits. Calyptra mitrate, thin, lacerate at the base. 

The specific limits followed are those given by 

Roivainen and Bartram (1937) and Green (1968). 

A single species is recognized from the islands. 

Andreaea alpina 

Andreaea alpina Hedw., Sp. Musc. 49, 1801. [Original mateAndreaea naumannii C. Mull., Bot. Jahrb. 5:76, 1883. [OrigAndreaea squamata C. Mull., Bot. Jahrb. 5:77, 1883. [Orig 

rial: Wales, coll. Dillen.] 

inal material: Kerguelen, coll. Naunann.] 

inal material: Kerguelen, coll. Naumann.] 

Plants blackish, about 1 cm high. Stems sparsely 

branching. Leaves 0.8 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, 

strongly panduriform with lower half sheathing, 

upper half slightly spreading with incurved tips, 

apices distinctly and rather abruptly long-attenuate; 

lower margin with distinct crenulations from projecting cell tips; ecostate; cells of lower lamina 

narrow and elongate with thick, reddish lateral 

walls, mostly 10 pm wide, up to 25 pm long, marginal cells sometimes paler; upper cells oval, mostly 

10 pm wide and 15 pm long, alined longitudinally 

and obliquely. Perichaetium long-sheathing, inner 

leaves 2.0 mm long. Capsule with 4 valves split to 

the base. 

MAS AFUERA: Correspondencia Camp, 3800 ft, 

H. 6. E. 52; trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, 

H. 6. E. 567. 

The collections cited represent the first collections of the genus Andreaea from Juan Fernandez. 

The species is widely distributed in northern 

Europe, South Africa, southern South America, 

and the subantarctic islands. 

POLYTRICHACEAE 

Genus Oligotrichum 

Medium-sized, erect, mostly unbranched, yellowish to dark green plants in loose tufts, rhizoids on 

basal part. Lower leaves small, upper leaves large, 

lingulate to oblong-lanceolate, margins singly or 

doubly serrate; costa rather narrow; abaxial surface often with rudimentary lamellae, adaxial 

surface with few high, longitudinal lamellae mostly 

restricted to costa; lamina unistratose, most cells 

subquadrate to rounded, rather smooth, lower cells 

more elongate, alar not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia and perigonia apical. Setae elongate, 

smooth. Capsules erect, not angled, with stomates, 

without well-developed annulus; peristome teeth 

ca. 32, formed as slender, close, high undulations 

of basal membrane many cells thick, teeth interlocking witl; margin of epiphragm at top of columella. Operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate with 

a few hairs near tip. 

Oligotrichum canaliculutum 

Oligotrichum canaliculatzm (Hook. & Am.) Mitt., J. Linn. 

Soc., Bot. 12:606, 1869. 

Polytrichum canaliczilatzim Hook. & Am., Bot. Capt. Beechey's 

Voyage 54, 1832. [Original material: Concepcion (Chile), 

coll. Lay, October 1825.1 

Polytrichum molinae Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 4:102, 

1845. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. Gay.] 

Pogonatum lilipzctantcm Ther., Rev. Chil. Hist. Sat. 21: lG, 

1917. [Original material: Los Perales, Marga-Marga (Chile), 

coll. Costes.] 

Small, often scattered plants with stems 2-5 mm 

high. Leaves rather crisped when dry, erect-spreading 

when moist, ca. 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, oblongelliptical with acute apex, margin entire, distal 

margin erect to slightly incurved; abaxial surface 

smooth; costa 50-100 pm wide above, bearing in 

distal half adaxially ca. 14-25 lamellae 4-7 cells 

high, those with more lamellae bearing some on 

adjacent lamina; lamella margin entire but often 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

undulate, cells ca. 12 pm in diameter, marginal row 

not distinct; median and upper cells of lamina 

mostly 12-20 pm wide, 10-20 pm long, irregularly 

rounded-hexagonal, smooth, walls thickened at 

corners; cells near margin more than 10-12 pm 

wide and 8-12 pm long, with slightly thicker walls 

and traces of cuticular papillae; leaf base often 

narrower than blade, lower cells progressively 

larger, mostly 15-20 pm wide, 25-50 pm long, near 

base 75-100 pm long, near margin smaller and 

thicker-walled, mostly 12 pm wide, 25 pm long. 

Setae 10-25 mm long, yellowish to reddish; capsule 

2-3 mm long, up to 1 mm wide, cylindrical; operculum ca. 2 mm long. Spores 15-20 pm, minutely 

papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Correspondencia Camp, 3300 ft, 

M. 3403; Q. Mono, H. Cir E. 537. 

MAS A TIERRA: Near summit of Portezuelo de 

Villagra, 1725 ft, M. 9656d. 

The species occurs in Juan Fernandez and southern South America. 

Genus Notoligotrichum 

Rather small to mediumsized, erect, unbranched, 

yellowish to dark green or brownish plants in loose 

tufts, rhizoids on basal part. A few lower leaves 

very small, mature leaves oblong-ovate to broadly 

elliptical, tip broadly lanceolate-acute to broadly 

rounded, margins serrulate to entire, upper margin 

incurved; costa broad to rather narrow; lamellae 

numerous, low, and crowded or few and high, 

restricted to adaxial surface of costa and adjacent 

bistratose part of lamina; upper lamina narrow or 

broad, unistratose in nonlamellose parts, cells 

smooth, rounded to subquadrate, cells of the 

scarcely broader leaf base narrowly rhomboidal to 

rectangular, alar not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia 

and perigonia apical. Setae elongate, smooth. Capsule very broad with a small mouth, usually 

inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, often bilaterally compressed, smooth or slightly angled, with 

stomates, without well-developed annulus; peristome teeth lacking or as 32 slender, irregular, 

undivided projections. Operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare or with sparse hairs. 

Notoligotrichum minimum 

Notoligotrichum minimum (Card.) G. L. Smith, Mem. New 

York Bot. Gard. 21 (3):51, 1971. 

Polytrichadelphus minimus Card., Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 

5:1008, 1905. [Original material: Tierra del Fuego; Bahia 

Tekenika, coll. Skottsberg n. 135.1 

Psilopdurn minimum (Card.) G. L. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. 

Club 96:67, 1969. 

Stems to I cm tall. Leaves somewhat incurved, 

contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist; 

lower leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 

1.5-2.0 mm long, to 0.8 mm broad; mature leaves 

to 3 mm long, base 1 mm broad, subula to 2.0 mm 

long and 0.8 mm broad, base oblong to oblongelliptical, subula broadly lanceolate, apex shortacute, margin entire; costa subpercurrent, ca. 

150 pm wide below, becoming broader above, 30- 

40 lamellae 3-4 cells high, borne adaxially on costa 

and adjacent bistratose lamina; lamella margins 

entire, cells quadrate 12-17 ym in diameter, marginal row papillose but the same shape; outer 

lamina unistratose with cells rounded to subquadrate mostly 12 pm wide and 12-20 pm long, thickwalled; cells of upper leaf base similar but slightly 

larger; most cells of base short-rectangular, 12-17 

pm wide, 25-60 pm long, rather thin-walled, 1-2 

rows of somewhat more hyaline cells along lower 

margin ca. 10 ym wide, 50-75 pm long. Perichaetial 

leaves only slightly differentiated, to 3.5 mm long 

with basal half sheathing, shoulders of sheath 

sometimes indistinctly serrulate. Setae 1.5-2.5 cm 

long, reddish brown. Capsule inclined to horizontal, urn broadly ovate, to 5 mm long by 3 mm wide, 

not angled, mouth narrowed to ca. 1 mm wide, 

exothecial cells irregularly hexagonal, smooth; 

stomata superficial, confined to basal series; peristome teeth 32, of varying length, very narrow, 

acute, basal membrane as high as teeth, to 50 pm. 

Operculum rostrate to near half as long as urn. 

Calyptra pilose with short hairs at apex. Spores ca. 

20 pm in diameter, minutely, densely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Torres, Sk. 469 (not seen). 

Smith (1968) has established the identity of the 

specimen on the basis of the portion deposited at 

the New York Botanical Garden. The specimen 

was originally determined by Brotherus as P. trichodon (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt. (=P. antarcticum 

(C. Mull.) Par.), a species supposedly differing by 

the crenulate nonpapillose margins of its lamellae. 

hrotoligotrichum minimum is known only from 

Fuegia and Juan Fernandez. 
NUMBER 27 9 

Genus Polytrichadelphus 

Medium-sized to large, erect, mostly unbranched, 

dark green to brownish plants in loose tufts, rhizoids on basal part. Lower leaves small, mature 

leaves with broad sheathing bases abruptly narrowed to a linear-lanceolate subula; margin of 

subula slightly serrate to ciliate; costa broad, nearly 

filling subula, upper surface covered with low, 

crowded longitudinal lamellae; abaxial surface 

smooth or with spines distally; upper lamina narrow, unistratose, cells mostly subquadrate or 

rounded, smooth; cells of leaf shoulders short; 

basal cells narrowly rhomboidal to linear, alar cells 

not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia and perigonia 

apical. Setae elongate, smooth. Capsules erect to 

inclined, usually 2-angled, sulcate on one side, with 

stomates, without well-developed annulus; 64 peristome teeth. Operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, with a few hairs near tip. 

Polytrichadelphus magellanicus 

Polytrichadelphus tnagellanicus (Hedic..) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., 

Bot. 4:97, 1859. 

Polytrichum rnagellanicttrn Hedw., Sp. Musc. 101, 1801. [Original material: Straits of Magellan, coll. Cornrnerson, 1767.1 

Catherinea innovans C. Miill., Bot. Zeit. 9:548, 1851. [Original 

material: Tasmania, coll. Mossman, 1850.1 

Polytrichadelphiis horridus Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 4:98, 

1859. [Original material: Hermite Island, Cape Horn, coll. 

J. D. Hooker; Sandy Point, Magellan, coll. Lechler n. 1163; 

Falkland Id, J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843, and Lechler n. 97.1 

Catherinea a~rstralasiaca Hampe, Linnaea 40:315, 1876. [Original material: Eastern Australia, coll. Eaves.] 

Polytrichum ruahinicum Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 18: 

282, 1886. [Original material: Sew Zealand, east slope 

Ruahine Mt. Range, IVaipaiva Co., coll. H. Hill, Sov. 

1885 .] 

Polytrichunt polycarpurn Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 19: 

276, 1887. [Original material: Sew Zealand, east base of 

Ruahine Mt. Range, Hawke’s Bay Co., coll. A. Hamilton, 

Catherinea lagenacea C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:338, 1897. [Original material: Marydale, Tasmania, coll. Weytnouth, Dec. 

Catherinen prolificans C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:339, 1897. [Original material: Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, COIL J. ~3 B. 

Gullu~er, 1876.1 

Medium-sized to rather large, erect, pale to 

brownish green plants with stems 2-15 cm high, 

simple or with few branches. Leaves slightly incurved, contorted when dry, erect-spreading from 

1885.3 

1891.1 

sheathing base when moist, to 14 mm long, base to 

4 mm long and 2.5 mm broad, oblong to broadly 

elliptical, entire margined; blade linear-lanceolate, 

ca. 1 mm wide at base, sharply serrate; costa percurrent or shortly excurrent in a red serrate arista, 

abaxial surface with a few sharp teeth distally; 

adaxial surface covered by 40-50 lamellae; lamellae 5-8 cells high with crenulate margin, cells 10- 

12 pm in diameter, marginal cells higher, to 25 pm 

high, 8-10 pm wide, with thicker outer wall; upper 

lamina 2-3 cells wide, cells ca. 15 pm wide, 8-20 

pm long, subquadrate with rather thick walls, teeth 

usually with long, sharp, thick-walled apical cell to 

75 pm long; base of blade and upper sheath with 

large area of transversely elongate cells 20-25 pm 

wide, mostly 8-10 pm long with very thick transverse walls; most cells of sheath elongate, progressively longer and thinner-walled toward base, 

upper mostly 12-15 pm wide, 40-75 pm long, median to 125 pm long, basal fusiform, mostly 10 pm 

wide, to 150 pm long. Setae 4-7 cm long, pale 

brownish. Capsule 3-4 mm long, to 3 mm broad, 

oval. Peristome membrane not as high as teeth. 

Operculum ca. 2 mm long. Calyptra with tuft of 

hairs at apex. Spores 12-17 pm in diameter, very 

minutely papillose, appearing nearly smooth. 

MAS AFUERA: Carlos Munoz 797; Camp Correspondencia, 11-1300 m, Sk. 471; near Camp Correspondencia, ca. 3800 ft, H. & E. 43914, 641; 9. 

Mata Maqui by trail to Camp Correspondencia, 

1500 ft, M. 9400; Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 

4000 ft, H. CL- E. 341, 578, 638. 

The species is known from southern South 

America, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Campbell Islands. The New Zealand material that I 

have seen is generally shorter, more branched, with 

smaller serrations on the leaves, larger cells in the 

lamellae, and with marginal cells of the lamellae 

less distinct. 

Genus Dendroligotrichuin 

Large, erect, branching dendroid, dark green to 

brownish plants growing singly or in loose clumps, 

rhizoids on base, Long, unbranched stipes with 

mostly appressed, scalelike leaves. Upper stem and 

branch leaves with broad sheathing bases abruptly 

contracted into linear-lanceolate subulae; margin 

of subula serrate; costa broad, nearly filling subula, 

upper surfade covered with low, crowded longi- 
10 SMZTHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

tudinal lamellae, rudimentary lamellae on abaxial 

surface; upper lamina narrow, bistratose, cells 

smooth, subquadrate to rounded, cells of shoulders 

short, basal cells very narrowly rhomboidal, alar 

cells not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia and perigonia apical on branches, former becoming lateral 

by innovation. Setae elongate, smooth. Capsules 

erect, not angled, smooth, with stomates, without 

well-developed annulus, 64 peristome teeth. Operculum short-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus contains two species, with one in 

Juan Fernandez. 

Dendroligotrichum dendroides 

Dendroligotrichrim dendroides (Hedw.) Broth., Nat. Pfl., 

1 (3):681, 1905. 

PolytricAum dendroides Hedw., Sp. Musc. 102, 1801. [Original 

material: Straits of Magellan, coll. Comtnerson, 1767.1 

Polytricknrn tongariroense Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 

20:239, 1888. [Original material: New Zealand, base of Mt. 

Ruapehu, Tongariro Mt. Range, East Taupo Co., 5400 ft, 

coll. H. Hill, 1887.1 

Very large dendroid plants to 40 cm high, erect 

and rigid. Stipe to 25 cm long, branches 3-8 cm 

long, some with 2-3 branches. Stipe leaves ca. 9 mm 

long, sheathing, yellowish brown, oblong-ovate 

base, 5 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, margins entire, 

tapering rather abruptly into very slender, serrate 

tip ca. 4 mm long, basal cells linear-flexuose with 

thick lateral walls and very thin transverse and 

oblique end walls, inner cells 17-18 pm wide, 

70-150 pm long, gradually narrower and shorter 

toward margin, at margin ca. 6 pm wide, 50 pm 

long, upper margin to 25 pm long; narrow subula 

with lamellae vestigial to totally lacking, lamina 

cells rectangular, 6-8 pm wide, 25-50 pm long, only 

marginal cells with thick outer wall, teeth very 

sharp and slender. Branch leaves to 11 mm long, 

sheathing bases oblong, ca. 1.5 mm wide, 2 mm 

long, margins entire, base of linear-lanceolate 

subula ca. 0.9 mm wide, margins serrate, cells of 

base elongate, thin-walled, inner cells 7-10 pm wide, 

30-100 pm long, becoming narrower to 5 pm wide 

at margin; blade slightly curved and contorted 

when dry, spreading when moist; costa with 2-3 

separate layers of guide cells, with up to ca. 50 

lamellae 2-4 cells high on adaxial surface, lamella 

cells nonpapillose, ca. 10 pm in diameter, basal 

row sometimes 15-71 pm in diameter, marginal 

row not very distinct; cells of narrow lamina 

rounded-subquadrate, ca. 10 pm wide, mostly 7-10 

pm long, walls slightly thickened; each tooth with 

2-3 larger or thicker-walled cells, rather blunt. 

Setae 3-5 cm long. Capsule 5-6 mm long, subcylindrical, exothecial cells not mamillose; peristome teeth on a rather high basal membrane. 

Spores 10-12 pm in diameter, smooth to very 

minutely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Carlos Mzinoz 790; 3000 ft, Harold 

Moore 791; Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 4000 

ft, H. & E. 442: Camp Correspondencia, 3800 ft, 

H. & E. 121, 118, 429, 736b, 794. 

The species occurs in Chile, Fuegia, Juan Fernandez, and New Zealand. This large and showy 

plant is often noticed and collected by nonbryologists. 

FISSIDENTACEAE 

Genus Fissidens 

Plants forming mats with projecting or procumbent leafy branches. Branch leaves distichous; basal 

half of leaf of paired laminae clasping the stem, 

apical half single and oriented vertically, being 

variously decurrent on back of costa: costa usually 

percurrent or subpercurrent; median leaf cells 

usually rounded or polygonal. Perichaetia usually 

terminal. Setae slender. Capsule short-cylindrical, 

peristome teeth reddish, lanceolate, usually cleft t.o 

middle, tips often prominently spirally ridged. 

Operculum short- to long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The seven species found in Juan Fernandez are 

separated by the following key. 

Key to Species of Fissidens 

1. Leaves with distinct border of elongate cells reaching near or to the tip .................................. 2 

2. Cells of leaf border of 1-3 rows in a single stratum ................................... F. fernundexianus 

2. Cells of leaf border very thick, multistratose ................................................................................. 3 

3. Small plants with about 2 pairs of leaves: costa projecting in short arista; median cells 

irregularly polygonal, 8-12 pm, unistratose ................................................. F. crassicuspes 
NUMBER 27 11 

3. Plants with long stems and many pairs of rigid leaves; costa percurrent; median cells 

subquadrate to short-rectangular, 6-7 km, bistratose ...................................... F. rigidulus 

1. Leaves without distinct border of elongate cells except near base ............................................. 4 

4. Plants 1-5 mm high; leaves 1.0-1.5 mm long; internal cells of costa biseriate, often very 

obvious from surface view ................................................................................................................ 5 

5. Leaf cells with a single large papilla on each side; costa extending into short-acuminate 

tip; internal cells of costa not prominent from surface view ..................... F. Zeptorhaete 

5. Leaf cells essentially smooth, walls often slightly thickened in centers; costa ending 

below nonacuminate tip; internal cells of costa very prominent from surface view ..... 

F. ornaticostatus 

4. Plants 2-3 cm long; leaves 2-3 mm long; internal cells of costa in 3 or more rows, not 

obvious from surface view ............................................................................................................ 6 

6. Costa reaching 1-3 cells from tip of leaf; end of vaginant lamina usually acute; dorsal 

lamina reaching base of leaf ................................................................. F. maschalanthus 

6. Costa ending 4 or more cells from tip of leaf; end of vaginant lamina usually rounded; 

dorsal lamina usually ending distinctly short of leaf base ............... F. clsplenioides 

.................................................................................................................................. 

Fissidens fernandezianus 

Fissidens fernandezianus Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:416, 1924. [Original material: V. Anson, Mas 

a Tierra, c. 250 m, n. 86; Q. Loberia, Mas Afuera, c. 280 

m, n. 85; both coll. C. G. I. Skottsberg.] 

Plants to 1 cm high, leafy branches to 2 mm 

across. Leaves in 7-10 pairs, secund when dry, 

largest to 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, lanceolatelingulate, apiculate, entire, bordered nearly to tip 

by narrow, elongate hyaline cells; vaginant lamina 

reaching 315 of leaf length, acute, ending near or 

at margin; dorsal lamina reaching leaf base, 

rounded at lower end; cells of lamina 5-7 pm in 

diameter, rounded, smooth on vaginant laminae, 

mamillose on upper and dorsal laminae. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Plazoleta, 200 m, K. 32O/lc, 

32016; near Cumberland Bay, K. 33611 in part 

(all B). 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. The 

small plants sometimes grow in sizable mats. 

Fissidens crassicuspes 

Fissidens crassicuspes Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 241 7, 1924. [Original material: V. Colonial, Mas 

a Tierra, 435 m, coll. C. 6 I. Skottsberg n. 26 (S!).] 

Plants to 3 mm high, leafy branches ca. 2 mm 

broad. Leaves in ca. 7 pairs, scarcely altered when 

dry, strict, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, all leaves 

ending in a short arista; vaginant lamina ca. 112 

leaf length, acute, ending near or at margin, with 

distinct incurved margin near tip; dorsal lamina 

tapering to base of leaf: margins with thick border 

of multistratose, elongate cells confluent with 

excurrent costa; cells of lamina 8-10 pm to 12 pm 

near costa, irregularly polygonal, inner basal cells 

oblong, 8 X 12-15 pm, all smooth, unistratose. 

Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: V. Colonial, Q. Seca, ad terram, 

435 m, Sk. 26 in part (type, S). 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. The 

type material seen consisted of a slide bearing three 

small plant;. No sections were possible but careful 

focusing indicated the lamina is unistratose. The 

closest relative seems to be F. rigidulus. 

Fbsidens rigidulus 

Fissidens rigidulus Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Nov. Zel. 2:61, 1854. 

[Original material: New Zealand, East Cape, coll. Sinclair; 

Wellington, coll. Lyall; Auckland, coll. Knight.] 

Large, usually somewhat aquatic plants forming 

coarse mats. Stems to 5 cm liigh, rigid, dark green. 

Leaves to 4 mm long, to 0.8 mm wide, acute, strict, 

slightly twisted when dry; vaginant lamina 1 /2- 

2/3 of leaf length: dorsal lamina tapering to leaf 

base: margin from base with border of multistratose, elongate cells which are confluent apically 

with percurrent costa: cells of lamina subquadrate 

to short-rectangular, 6-7 pm in diameter, mostly 

bistratose. Seta 4-8 mm long. Spores ca. 20 pm in 

diameter. 

MAS AFUERA; Q. Casas, innermost accessible part, 

H. G E. 356. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

MAS A TIERRA: 9. Damajuana, Sk. 63; Pangal 

Falls, N. (?. E. 182; V. Colonial, trail to Portezuelo 

de Villagra, 240 m, I. 37685. 

The species is widely distributed in the southern 

hemisphere, occurring in Australia, Tasmania, New 

Zealand, the Andes, and southern South America. 

Fissidens leptochaete 

Fissidens leptochaete Dus., Ark. Bot. 6 (8):5, 1906. [Original 

material: Southern Chile, Quiriquina Is. nr. Talcahuanos, 

coll. Dusen, Sept. 20 1896 (S!).] 

Plants small with stems ca. 2 mm long. Leafy 

stems ca. 1.5 mm wide. Leaves in 3-6 pairs, oblonglanceolate, to 1.4 mm long, 0.27 mm wide, slightly 

acuminate; vaginant lamina 1/2 length of leaf, 

acute, ending well in from margin; dorsal lamina 

tapering to near leaf base; margin sharply crenulate or serrulate, not distinctly bordered, often with 

elongate, marginal or submarginal cells and large 

teeth on vaginant lamina; costa percurrent, 27 pm 

broad at base; cells of lamina irregularly polygonal, 

8-10 pm in diameter, unipapillose; basal cells quadrate to oblong, 10-12 pm wide, 12-18 ym long, 

smooth. Perichaetia apical, leaves not noticeably 

distinct. Setae ca. 6-7 mm long, yellow. Capsule 

erect, symmetrical, mouth of urn with 4-5 rows of 

rounded, strongly collenchymatous cells 12 pm in 

diameter, middle cells more mamillose, urn 0.5 mm 

long, 0.2 mm wide with wider mouth. 

MAS A TIERRA: V. Colonial, Q. Seca, 455 m, Sk. 

26 in part (S). 

The species is known only from southern Chile 

and Juan Fernandez. The Juan Fernandez specimen was growing mixed with F. crussicuspes and 

the following species. 

Fissidens maticostatus 

Fissidens ornuticostatus H. Robinson, Phytologia 29 (2): 116, 

1974. [Original material: V. Colonial, Mas a Tierra, 435 

m, coll. C. Q I Skottsberg n. 26 (S!).] 

Plants small with stems ca. 1 mm long. Leaves 

oblong-elliptical, 1.2 mm long, ca. 0.25 mm wide, 

acute without acumination; vaginant lamina ca. 0.6 

mm long, acute, sometimes very short-acute, ending 

in from margin; dorsal lamina becoming decurrent 

at base; margin minutely serrulate, near base 

minutely dentate, not bordered; costa ending 5-6 

cells before apex, 25-30 ym broad at base; with 

guide cells prominent and biseriate, 12-25 pm wide 

and 30-70 pm long, subbasal guide cells 75-130 pm 

long, cells on both surfaces of costa transparent and 

narrowly fusiform, 4-5 pm wide and 20-40 pm long; 

cells of lamina irregularly polygonal, 8-10 pm in 

diameter, smooth, cells near margin sometimes 

6 pm in diameter, near costa 12 pm in diameter, 

near base of costa 18-40 pm long and 12 pm wide, 

submarginal cells of vaginant lamina mostly elongate to 35 pm long. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: V. Colonial, Q. Seca, 455 m, Sk. 

26 in part (holotype, S; isotype slide, US). 

The species is represented by two stems from a 

mixture of F. leptochaete and F. crassicuspes. This 

one collection is the only one known for the two 

endemic species and the only known record for 

F. leptochuete from the islands. The single collection with two holotypes is ample evidence of the 

need for more collecting of the smaller species in 

Juan Fernandez. 

The new species is most closely related to F. 

leptochaete but differs by the very prominent inner 

cells of the costa, the nonacuminate leaf tip, and 

the essentially nonpapillose leaf cells. Walls over 

the cell lumens are often a little thickened in the 

centers. 

Fissidens maschalanthus 

Fissidens maschalanthtis Mont., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. ser. 3, 

4:115, 1845. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. Gay 

(PC).I 

Plants in dense mats with stems to 2 cm long. 

Leaves in 8 or more pairs, to 3 mm long and 0.4 

mm wide, oblong-lingulate, acute, tips somewhat 

curved when dry; vaginant lamina 112-213 length 

of leaf, acute at tip and attachment ending 1/2- 

2/3 length of leaf, acute at tip and attachment 

ending 113-112 way from costa to margin; dorsal 

lamina tapering or rounded at lower end, ending 

near leaf base; costa extending within 1-3 cells of 

apex, mostly straight; margin crenulate to serrulate, margin of vaginant lamina with series of 

short, rather irregular or oblique, projecting, 

slightly mamillose cells, lamina cells smooth, 

rounded to irregularly polygonal, 8-1 2 pm in diameter, smaller in marginal row, inner basal cells 

larger, to 25 pm long. 
NUMBER 27 13 

MAS A TIERRA: Near Cumberland Bay, Grotten 

der Verbannten, K. 336/14a, 336/15a, 336/18b 

(all B). 

The species is known from central Chile and 

Juan Fernandez. Review of a number of specimens 

indicates that there is considerable confusion 

between this and the closely related Fissidens asplenioides. Actually, F. maschalanthus can be distinguished by a number of characters including the 

costa reaching nearer the apex, the vaginant lamina 

acute apically and not rounded, the dorsal lamina 

reaching the leaf base, the leaves being less curled 

when dry, and the cells being smoother and more 

irregularly polygonal. 

Fissidens asplenioides 

Fissidens asplenioides Hedw., Sp. Musc. 156, 1801. [Original 

material: Jamaica, coll. Swartz, 1783-1787.1 

Fissidens pycnotylus Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:418, 1924. [Original material: Villagra, Mas a 

Tierra, ca. GOO m, coll. C. j. I. Skottsberg n. 30 (S!).] 

Plants in dense mats with stems to 3 cm long. 

Leaves in 10 or more pairs, 2-3 mm long, to 0.5 

mm wide, oblong-lingulate, obtuse or bluntly 

acute, tips strongly curled when dry; vaginant 

lamina to 2/3 length of leaf, rounded at tip and 

ending near the costa; dorsal lamina tapering or 

rounded at base, ending distinctly above base of 

leaf; costa ending 4 or more cells below apex, rather 

sinuous distally; margin crenulate or serrulate, 

margin of vaginant lamina with many short, 

oblique, projecting cells; lamina cells 8-10 ym in 

diameter, rounded, mamillose, inner basal cells 

larger, to 15 or 20 pm, more subquadrate or polygonal, cells of vaginant lamina smooth. Seta 4-5 

mm long. Peristome teeth papillose above. Spores 

14-16 ym in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. Q E. 571; Q. Mono, 

H. ii7. E. 659 in part; Q. Mono, near mouth, ca. 440 

m, H. Cir E. 740b. 

MAS A TIERRA: Villagra, ca. 600 m, Sk. 30 (type 

of F. pycnotylzis, S). 

The species is widely distributed, known from 

southeastern United States, West Indies, Mexico, 

Central and South America, Africa, Indonesia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. The species has been 

reviewed by Crum and Anderson (1965), but two 

additional features of the vaginant laminae have 

been noted: the rounded, almost auriculate tips of 

the lesser lamina, and the tendency of the lesser 

laminae to be on different sides of the plant in the 

different rows of leaves, The type specimen of F. 

pycnotylus seems in no way distinct. Brotherus 

(1924) compared his species with F. maschalanthus, 

remarking that the costa was much thicker. 

DITRICHACE AE 

Genus Pleuridium 

Small, erect, pale green plants. Leaves ovate to 

lanceolate; costa broad, usually subpercurrent. 

Pericliaetia apical. Capsule immersed, inoperculate, 

without peristome. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A single species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Pleuridium robinsonii 

Pleuridium robinsonii (Mont.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12: 

26, 1869. 

Phascuin newosunt var. robinsonii Mont., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. 

ser. 2, 4:9G, 1835. [Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. 

Bertero, 1830 (PC).] 

Small, loose tufts of scattered, erect stems to 5 

mm high, pale yellowish. Stems unbranched, julaceous with’ appressed, small leaves, leaves larger 

near the fertile tips. Vegetative leaves ca. 0.5 mm 

long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, broadly oval, strictly shortacute; distal margins minutely, closely serrulate by 

projecting ends of narrow, outward pointed cells; 

costa broad, percurrent, lamina cells 25-40 pm 

long, 7-10 pm wide. Perichaetial leaves up to 2 mm 

long, obovate with long, acuminate tip, costa subpercurrent, median cells to 60 ym long, basal cells 

very enlarged and oblong. Capsule immersed on 

very short seta, often emerging to one side at maturity, ca. 1 mm long. 

MAS A TIERRA: Without precise locality, 0. Jenz 

n. 3G. 

The species is found also in central Chile and in 

Uruguay. This is the only moss of the inoperculate “pygmy” type known from Juan Fernandez. 

Genus Ditrichum 

Yellow to dark green tufts or cushions of erect 

stems 0.5-10.0 cm high. Leaves costate. Pericliaetia 

apical. Setae very long and slender. Capsule cylindrical, smootli or partially sulcate, peristome teeth 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

of linear halves separate to base. Calyptra cucullate, 

bare. 

The two species known from Juan Fernandez 

can be distinguished by the following key. 

Key to Species of Ditrichum 

Mature setae yellow; leaf tips straight or arching, leaf cells all elongate 

Mature setae reddish: leaf tips spirally twisted, upper leaf cells mostly short, rounded or oval 

D. diificile 

D. longisetum 

Ditrichum dificile 

Ditrichum dificile (Dub.) Fleisch., Musci F1. Buitenzorg 1 : 

300, 1904. 

Trichostomum dificile Dub. in Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 

134, 1846. [Original material: Java, coll. Zollinger n. 4112, 

Dicranum. Pexifolium Hook., Musci Exot. 2:144, 1819, hom. 

illeg. [Original material: Cape of Good Hope, coll. Menzies, 

1791 (K).] 

Leptotrichum boryanum C. Mull., Syn. 1:452, 1848. [Original 

material: Bourbon Id., coll. Dory St. Vincent, 1798-1802.] 

Trichostomum Zaxifolium Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Nov. Zel. 2: 

72, 1854. [Original material: Bay of Islands, North Island, 

Xew Zealand, coll. Colenso.] 

1842-1848 (PC).] 

Loose, tufted, yellowish green plants 0.5-2.0 cm 

high, stems usually unbranched. Leaves 3-4 mm 

long, usually widely spreading and flexuous from 

a short, oval base, base up to 0.7 mm long; costa 

flattened, filling upper subula, excurrent and sometimes denticulate at tip; lamina cells narrowly 

linear, lower cells to 65 pm long, 7 pm wide, upper 

cells to 40 pm long, 5 pm wide. Autoicous, male 

bud gemmiform, female leaves little differentiated. 

Setae usually 2-3 cm long, yellow or slightly reddish yellow. Capsule 2-3 mm long, inclined, 

usually slightly curved with somewhat narrower 

mouth. Operculum with suberect beak. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, near summit, ca. 

MAS A TIERRA: Portezuelo de Villagra, near summit, 1725 ft, M. 9656~. 

The species is a southern member of the group 

containing the well known Ditrichum pallidum 

(Hedw.) Hampe. The leaves, with narrow, rather 

distinct bases, are most like D. rufescens (Hampe) 

Hampe. Distribution extends from southern South 

America to South Africa, the East Indies, Australia, 

and New Zealand. 

4000-5000 ft, H. 6. E. 353. 

Ditrichum longisetum 

Ditrichum longisetum (Lor.) Hampe, Flora 50:182, 1867. 

Leptotrichum longisetum Lor., Bot. Zeit. 24:186, 1866. [Original material: Coastal Cordillera near Valdivia, Chile, coll. 

Krause.] 

Rigid plants with short stems to 1 cm high, 

yellowish green above. Leaves ca. 3 mm long, ca. 

0.4 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, with tenuous, 

spirally twisted apices, margins with large teeth 

near tip; costa filling the linear tip; upper leaf 

cells rounded-oval, ca. 8 pm wide, 10-12 pm long, 

thick-walled; lower cells 6 pm wide, 25-50 pm long. 

Autoicous. Setae ca. 2 cm long, red. Capsule erect, 

esulcate; peristome teeth short and rather pale. 

Operculum erect. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, near summit, ca. 

4500 ft, H. 6. E. 610. 

The species is one of the group distinguished by 

the spirally twisted leaf tips. The species is known 

only from south-central Chile and Juan Fernandez. 

Genus Ceratodon 

Plants dark green in dense cushions. Leaves 

oblong to broadly lanceolate, costate; lamina cells 

mostly subquadrate. Perichaetia apical. Setae long 

and slender. Capsule inclined to horizontal, ribbed; 

peristome teeth narrowly triangular, cleft to base 

with halves joined at nodes. Operculum conical. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus is small, being represented in most 

of the world by one or two closely related species. 

A series of more distinctive species has been 

described from Antarctica, and these are reviewed 

by Horikawa and Ando (1963). A single species 

occurs in Juan Fernandez. 
NUMBER 27 15 

Ceratodon purpureus 

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:480, 1826. 

Dicranum purpureum Hedw., Sp. Musc. 136, 1801. [Original 

material: Europe.] 

Plants with erect stems 0.5-2.0 cm high. Leaves 

sharply curved when dry, erect-spreading when 

moist, ovate-lanceolate, 0.8-1.5 mm long, 0.4-0.5 

mm wide; margins narrowly but distinctly recurved, 

distally usually slightly serrate; costa stout, percurrent or slightly excurrent; lamina cells quadrate, 

smooth, 6-9 pm in diameter. Dioicous. Sporophyte 

usually reddish to purple. Setae 1.0-2.5 cm long. 

Capsule nearly horizontal , curved at maturity, 

slightly strumose, 2.0-2.5 mm long. Spores 10-15 

pmMAS A TIERRA: Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m, K. 

333/7a (B). 

The species is one of the most common in the 

world, occurring on every continent. Sterile material is often confused with members of the Pottiaceae, but smooth leaf cells and slight serrations 

near the apex of the leaf are helpful distinctions. 

sparsely brownish tomentose below. Leaf blades to 

1 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, abruptly 

constricted at base of hair point; margins erect, 

entire; hair hyaline, 1.0 mm long, serrulate at tip; 

costa narrow, disappearing into hair tip; lamina 

cells unistratose, upper cells 8-10 pm in diameter, 

subquadrate, smooth, with straight walls; basal 

cells larger, 10-12 pm wide, 10-17 pm long, with 

sinuous walls, inner basal cells short-rectangular, 

12 pm wide, 20-30 pm long, marginal in 1-4 rows, 

pellucid, 10 pm wide, 10-17 pm long, with thicker 

transverse walls. Setae cygneous, 2.5 mm long. 

Operculum highly convex. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Mono, H. 6 E. 470. 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez, but distinctions from other, more 

widely distributed species are not clear. The species 

name was inspired by the presence of brownish 

branching filaments among the leaves. The type 

specimen has not been seen and no such filaments 

are produced by the Hatcher and Engel specimen. 

Filaments of such appearance that occurred in the 

new collection were the blue-green algal genus 

St igonema , 

GRIMMIACEAE 

Genus Rhacomitrium 

Genus Grimmia 

Plants in dense cushions, usually blackish green. 

Stems erect, sparsely branching. Leaves imbricate, 

with or without hyaline tips, usually not crisped 

when dry; costae percurrent; leaf cells with slightly 

nodulose or sinuous walls, basal cells subquadrate 

to narrowly rectangular. Perichaetia apical. Setae 

often short. Capsule ovoid to urceolate; peristome 

teeth reddish, short-triangular, 2-3 cleft above the 

middle or cribrose, sometimes teeth lacking; operculum mamillate to rostrate. Calyptra usually mitrate, lobate at base, bare. 

A single species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Grimmia phyllorhizans 

Crimmia phyllorhizans Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:419, 1924. [Original material: Mas a Tierra, 

Villagra, coll. C. & I. Skotts6erg n. 129.1 

Plants in small, dark green cushions, slightly 

grayish with hyaline leaf tips. Stems to 3 mm high, 

Plants in dense, spreading mats with erect 

branches, dark green or sometimes yellowish. 

Leaves imbricate, with or without hyaline tips, not 

crispate when dry; costa usually percurrent; lamina 

cells with nodulose or sinuous walls, basal cells 

linear with very sinuous walls. Dioicous. Perichaetia 

apical. Setae usually elongate. Capsule erect, ovoid 

to cylindrical; peristome teeth very long, reddish, 

cleft nearly to base into 2 or 3 long, filiform segments; operculum rostrate. Calyptra mitrate, lobate 

at base, bare. 

The genus Rhacomitrium has had many interpretations, including the broad species concept of 

Clifford (1955) and the very narrow species concepts of Roivainen (1955). The concepts accepted 

here are closer to those of Sainsbury (1955a), with 

the realization that the genus is more complex in 

southern South America. 

At present I recognize five species of Rhacomitrium in Juan Fernandez. These can be distinguished by the following key. 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Key to Species of Rhacomitrium 

1. Leaves with very dentate and papillose hyaline leaf tips and upper margins 

1. 

R. lanuginosum 

2 

2. Costa stout, 150-200 pm aide at base, 100 pm Tvide above; upper lamina cells bi- tristratose R. nigritum 

2. Costa 50-100 pm wide below; cells of lamina unistratose 3 

3. Leaf base distinctly plicate; cells of lamina coarsely papillose R. laeuigatum 

3. 4 

4. Leaves with distinct, long, hyaline tips; lateral branches numerous, setae 6-10 mm 

long R. crispipilum 

4. Leaves with little or no hyaline tip; few lateral branches, setae 2-5 mm long 

R. crispulum 

Leaves without hyaline tips or with nonpapillose, denticulate tips 

Leaf base not or only weakly plicate; cells of lamina striate or smooth 

Rhacomitrium crkpipilum 

Rhacotnitriiinz crispipilctm (Tayl.) Jaeg., Ber. S. Gall. Naturiv. 

Ges. 1872-1873396, 1874 (Ad. 1:374). 

Trichostomum crispipilum Tayl., Lond. J. Dot. 5:47, 1846. 

[Original material: Summit of the Quitinian Andes, Ecuador, coll. Jameson, 1845.1 

Rhacomitriztm striatipilum Card., Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 

5:1004, 1905. [Original material: Tierra del Fuego, Tekenika Bay, coll. Skottsberg n. 74; Ushuaia, coll. Skottsberg 

n. 83 in part.] 

Rhacomitrium integripilum Dus., Ark. Bot. 6(10):20, 1907. 

[Original material: Desolation I., Puerto Angosto, Magellan Straits: Rio Aysen, western Patagonia, both coll. 

RhacomitriunL geminaturn Roiv., Arch. SOC. Zool. Bot. Fenn. 

Vanamo 9:88, 1955. [Original material: Fjordo de Finlandia, western Tierra del Fuego, Coll. Roiuainen, 1928- 

1929.1 

Rhacomitrium substriatipilzim Roiv., Arch. SOC. Zool. Bot. 

Fenn. Vanarno 9:95, 1955. [Original material: Cerro Nylandia, Fjordo Finlandia, western Tierra del Fuego, coll. 

Roivainen n. 1800.1 

- 

Dusen, 1895-1897.] 1895-1897.1 

Plants in dense, spreading mats with stems to 

6 cm long, numerous lateral branches. Leaves 

lanceolate, 34 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, usually 

laxly imbricate, rapidly recurved and spreading 

when moist: liyaline hair 0.5-1.5 mm long, nonpapillose, usually denticulate; leaf margins entire 

or minutely crenulate, narrowly recurved at base: 

base weakly plicate; costa disappearing into base 

of hyaline tip, ca. 75 pm wide at base, ca. 50 pm 

wide distally; lamina cells unistratose throughout, 

smooth to transversely striate; upper cells variable, 

sometimes many short, about twice as long as wide; 

lower cells up to 80 pm long, wall thickenings confluent in thickened band, lumens usually very 

narrow; alar cells short-rounded, in 1-2 rows in 

short decurrency, a row of thin-walled cells extending up the margin. Setae 6-10 mm long, often in 

pairs. Spores 11-15 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Ridge above Q. Pasto, c. 1250 m, 

Sk. 142. 

The species is widely distributed in the southern 

hemisphere, occurring in southern South America, 

New Zealand, and Kerguelen, and extending northward to the northern Andes, Central America, 

Hawaii, New Guinea, and the Himalayas. Related 

species include R. hetermtichurn (Hedw.) Brid., of 

the north, which was distinguished by Dixon 

(1913-1929) by its consistent lack of the row of 

hyaline cells along the basal margin, and R. crispzcZum, of Antarctica and the subantarctic islands, 

which has little or no hyaline leaf tip, shorter setae, 

and no fasciculate branching. 

The need for further subdivision remains in question. In the present concept I include many plants 

with variously weak basal plications, striated upper 

cells, and entire-margined hair tips on the leaves. 

Such characters are the basis for some Roivainen 

species, but variations are seen in individual plants. 

A more reasonable subdivision has been made 

between the coarse, more erect specimens of the 

Subantarctic and Juan Fernandez that are R. striatipilzim, and the more lax material with frequent 

twin setae that would be typical of the widely 

distributed R. crispipilum (=R. geminaturn Roiv.) 

Rhacomitrium crkpulum 

Rhacomitriiim crispiiltim (Hook. f. & Wils.) Hook. f. & Wils., 

F1. Kov. %el. 2:75, 1854. 

Dryptudon crispitlits Hook. f. & IVils., London J. Bot. 3:544, 

1844. [Original material: Campbell Id., coll. J. D. Hooker, 

1839-1843.1 
NUMBER 27 17 

Rhacomitrintn convolututn Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 

4:122, 1845. [Original material: Chile, coll. Gay (PC).] 

Grinzmia austro-patens C. Mull., in Neum., Deutschl. Exp. 

Int. Polarforsch. 2:316, 1890. [Not Rhacomitrium austropatens Rehm. ex Broth. Original material: South Georgia, 

coll. Will.] 

Rhacomitrium nustro-georgicum Par., Ind. Bryol. 519, 1896, 

nom. nov. 

Rhacomitrium substenocladuin Card., Rev. Bryol. 38: 127, 

1911. [Original material: Cape Tuxen, Graham Land, Antarctica, coll. Gain n. 200, 1909.1 

Rhncomitrium skottsbergii Card. & Broth., Vet. Ak. Handl. 

63 (10):29, 1923. [Original material: Cumberland Bay, 

South Georgia, coll. Skottsberg, 1907-1909.1 

Stems to 3 cm long, mostly without short lateral 

branches. Leaves lanceolate, to 3 mm long, usually 

appressed-imbricate, leaf base simply plicate with 

recurved margins; leaf tip usually very short with 

little hyaline tissue, rarely longer or totally rudimentary; costa ca. 75 pm wide at base, 50 pm wide 

distally; lamina cells unistratose, marginal row 

sometimes bistratose, all smooth to slightly papillose; upper cells of variable length, 9-22 pm long; 

lower cells up to 100 pm long, wall thickenings 

confluent, lumens usually very narrow, 1-3 rows of 

shorter, less thickened cells basally at margin, a 

row of thin-walled cells extending up margin. Setae 

24 mm long, yellowish. Spores 11-18 pm in 

diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 

ft, H. h E. 403, 583; near Camp Correspondencia, 

ca. 3800 ft, H. & E. 728; Correspondencia, c. 1200 

m, Sk. 146. 

The species is widely distributed in the subantarctic, occurring in Tierra del Fuego, Kerguelen, 

Tasmania, and New Zealand among other places. 

The species has been interpreted much more 

broadly by Clifford (1955). There has even been 

suggestion of identity with R. heterostichum of the 

north (see previous species discussion). The concept 

here is more like that of Sainsbury (1955a), restricted to shorter plants with few lateral branches, 

short setae, and with very short, hyaline leaf tips. 

For the present I exclude also plants with bistratose or distinctly papillose lamina cells. The concept might be extended to include R. rupestre 

(Hook. f. & Wils.) Wils in Hook. f., but I have seen 

nothing quite like the transverse markings on the 

leaf cells by which Cardot (1908) keeps the species 

separate. There are transverse markings on some 

specimens of the related R. crispipilum, but such 

markings do not match some of the critical features of Cardot's (1908) illustrations. 

Rhacomitrium Zaevigatum 

Rhnconzitriutn lnevigatu,n Jaeg., Ber. S. Gall. Saturw. Ges. 

Grimrnia laevigata Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:104, 1869, 

horn. illeg. [Original material: Hermite Id., Magellan 

Straits, coll. J. D. Hooker 1839-1843.1 

Grirnrnia ujillii C. Mull. in Xeum., Deutsch. Exp. Int. Polarforsch. 2:316, 1890. [Oiiginal material: Sear Southwest Glacier, South Georgia, coll. Will, 1883.1 

Rhacomitriuni loriforme Dus., Ark. Bot. 6[10):26, 1907. [Original material: Western Patagonia, Rio Aysen, coll. P. Dusen 

n. 479, Jan. 1897 (S!).] 

RIu~comit~ium scnbrifolium Bartr., Farlowia 2:311, 1946. 

[Original material: Fjordo de Agostini, Tierra del Fuego, 

coll. Roivainen ?I. 2068, 1928-1929.1 

1872-1873395, 1874 (Ad. 1:373). 

Robust plants in spreading, pale yellowish mats, 

stems to 20 cm long with numerous lateral branchlets. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm long, ca. 

1 mm wide, erect-appressed with flexuose tips when 

dry, erect-spreading when moist, with short, hyaline, denticulate points; leaf margins narrowly 

recurved nearly to tip, crenulate with minute 

papillae; leaf bases distinctly multiplicate; costa 

weak, ending near midleaf; lamina cells linear with 

low, coarse papillae, lateral walls thick nodulose; 

alar cells enlarged, not sinuous, brownish or hyaline in small group. Sporophytes unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Correspondencia, 11-1200 m, Sk. 

147 (174?) (S); Paseo de las Cabras, 11-1200 m, Sk. 

148 (S). 

Roivainen has characterized the plant well and 

indicated synonymy under the name R. willii. The 

name R. Zaevigata, though inappropriate, is the 

oldest valid name. 

Rhacomitrium lunuginosum 

Rhacomitrium lunuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., Mant. Musc. 79, 

1819. 

Trichostomum lanuginoszim Hedw., Sp. Musc. 109, 1801. 

[Original material: Sudeten, Central Europe, coll. Hedwig.j 

Rhacomitrium lanuginosum var. pruinosum Hook. f. & Wils., 

F1. Nov. %el. 2:76, 1854. [Original material: North Id., New 

Zealand, coll. Colenso.] 

Rhacoinitriztrn geronticun C. Mull., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 

'iVien 19:224, 1869. [Original material: Volcan de Osorno, 

Valdivia, Chile, coll. Poeppig; Cordillera litoralis, 1200 ft, 

Corral, Chile, ioll. Krause.] 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Rhacomitrium senile Schimp. in Jaeg., Berg. S. Gall. Naturw. 

Ges. 1872-1873:93, 1874 (Ad. 1:371). [Original material: 

Capo Negro, Magellan Straits, coll. Lechler.] 

Grimmia hypnoides Lindb., Musci Scand. 29, 1879. 

Bryum hypnoides L., sp. PI. 1119, 1753, nom. illeg. [Original 

material: Europe.] 

Grimmia chrysoblasta C. Mull., Bot. Jahrb. 5:81, 1883. [Original material: Kerguelen, coll. Naumann, 1874.1 

Grimmia glacialis C. Mull. in Seum. Deutsch. Exp. Int. 

Polarforsch. 2:317, 1890, hom. illeg. [Original material: 

South Georgia, coll. Will, 1882-1883.1 

Rhacomitrium gluciale Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 108, 1891. 

Plants often in very extensive colonies, hoary 

from hyaline leaf tips. Stems 10-20 cm long with 

numerous branches. Leaves lanceolate to 5 mm 

long, slightly curved when dry, fast recurving when 

moist; upper margins hyaline, papillose, erosely 

dentate; costa stout, extending into hyaline tip; 

lamina cells often to 100 pm long, 12 pm wide, 

lumens 5 pm wide, unistratose, smooth to slightly 

papillose, a row of shorter cells along margin; basal 

cells with less thickened walls. Setae 3-7 mm long, 

rough; capsule ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm long. Spores 

7-12 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Camp Correspondencia, 3800 ft, 

H. Q E. 51, 127. 

The species is noted for its bipolar distribution, 

being very common in the arctic and boreal and 

also in the subantarctic. Less often emphasized is 

the occurrence at high elevations in such places as 

the northern Andes, Hawaii, and New Guinea. 

Rhacomitrium nigritum 

Rhacomitrium nigritum Jaeg., Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 

Grimmia nigrita C. Mull., Syn. 1:801, 1849, hom. illeg. [Original material: Hermite Id., Tierra del Fuego, coll. J. D. 

Hooker, 1839-1843.1 

Plants blackish green, stems unbranched to 

sparsely dichotomously branched, to 5 cm high. 

leaves broadly lanceolate, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 1 mm 

wide, usually appressed-imbricate with occasionally 

recurved tips when dry, stiffly spreading when wet; 

margins entire; base only slightly plicate with 

broadly and laxly recurved margins; apex concolorous with few or no elongate cells; costa percurrent, very stout, 125-200 pm wide at base, ca. 100 

pm wide near tip; lamina cells smooth; upper cells 

5-12 pm long, mostly 1-2 times as long as wide, 

bistratose, sometimes tristratose at margin; inner 

1872-1873~90, 1874 (Ad. 1:368). 

and lower cells unistratose; lower cells to 75 pm 

long, lumens as wide as nodulose or sinuous walls; 

alar cells short, smooth, to 20 pm broad, in shortdecurrent cluster of 3-5 rows; only 1-2 less thickened cells extending up the margin. Setae 5-7 mm 

long, yellowish brown when mature, blackish when 

old. Spores 15-22 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Correspondencia, 1100 m, Sk. 132; 

Los Innocentes, near summit, 4500-5000 ft. H. 6. E. 

94. 

The distribution of the species has been given 

as Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia, and Kerguelen; however, material must be rechecked. Earlier 

descriptions and treatments did not make any mention of either costa width or cross section of leaves, 

characters of primary importance. Dixon (1913- 

1929) and others who follow him place the name 

with R. rupestre under the broad concept of R. 

crispulum. What Dixon saw and whether it 

included material of the above description is 

unknown. In any case, neither Dixon nor Clifford 

(1955) seems to have made any allowances for any 

distinct species of this type in the subantarctic 

region, and such a view must be corrected. 

The concept followed here is based on the key 

and description by Roivainen (1955). The Roivainen treatment is sufficiently detailed to allow one 

to disagree intelligently. Unfortunately, the treatment does not indicate whether types or other 

authentic material of R. nigritum or R. subnigritum 

(C. Mull.) Par. were seen. The original descriptions 

of the two species are useless. Brotherus (1924) 

cited and distributed the Skottsberg material from 

Juan Fernandez as R. subnigritum. Roivainen 

reserves that name for specimens with thicker borders (4-stratose) and includes R. limbatum Bartr. 

as a synonym. If the setae mean anything, those of 

the Juan Fernandez specimens are longer and 

darker as described for R. szibnigritzim rather than 

very short and yellow as originally described for 

R. nigritum. 

Genus Ptychomitrium 

Plants in dense cushions, usually dark green; 

stems erect, sparsely branching. Leaves incurved or 

crispate when dry, without hyaline tips; costa 

strong; leaf cells with straight, evenly thickened 

walls, mostly quadrate, nonpapillose; basal cells 

more hyaline, longer; alar cells sometimes distinct. 
NUMBER 27 19 

Autoicous. Perichaetia apical. Setae usually elongate. Capsule cylindrical to urceolate, erect; peristome teeth usually narrowly lanceolate, cleft into 

filiform segments; operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra mitrate, base deeply and narrowly lobed. 

A genus of near 60 species with one occurring in 

Juan Fernandez. 

Ptychomitrium fernandezianum 

Ptychomitrium fernandezianum (Mitt.) Jaeg., Ber. S. Gall. 

Naturw. Ges. 1872-1873:104, 1874 (Ad. 1:382). 

Glyphornitriurn fernandezianurn Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 4: 

74, 1859. [Original material: Juan Fernandez, coll. Bertero 

n. 1591.1 

Plants in dense crusts of crowded stems, to 3 mm 

high, stems not tomentose. Leaves 2.0-2.5 mm long, 

ca. 0.6 mm wide, lanceolate from an oblong base; 

margins entire, incurved from the slightly cucullate 

apex to near base of blade; costa ca. 100 pm wide, 

subpercurrent; lamina cells smooth, upper cells at 

margins and in various median rows bistratose, 

rounded-subquadrate, ca. 10 pm wide, 5-10 pm 

long, with rather thick walls; lower cells rectangular, up to 20 pm long; cells across base lax, thinwalled, up to 40 pm long, 15 pm wide. Sporophyte 

pale reddish. Setae 34 mm long. Capsule urn 

ovoid, 1.0 mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, innermost accessible part, 

H. 6. E. 221; Q. Vacas, M. 9379. 

The species is presently known only from Juan 

Fernandez and the Valdivia area of southern Chile. 

Meyer records on his specimen 9379 that the species 

is common on volcanic boulders near the mouth 

of the creek in Quebrada Vacas. 

DICRANACEAE 

Genus Dicranella 

Small, yellowish to dark green plants in loose or 

dense cushions. Stems erect, sparingly branched. 

Leaves erect-spreading when wet or dry, ovate to 

lanceolate; costa usually subpercurrent; upper 

lamina cells subquadrate to rhomboidal or linear, 

smooth; basal cells more elongate or sometimes 

more lax, alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia apical. 

Setae elongate, straight. Capsule ovate to cylindrical, erect to horizontal; peristome teeth lanceolate, 

bifid to middle with vertical striations on lower 

plates. Operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, 

bare. 

A large genus represented by a single species in 

Juan Fernandez. 

Dicranella costata 

Dicranella costata Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:412, 1924. [Original material: Mas a Tierra, 

Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 450 m, coll. C 6 I. Skottsberg 

n. I (lectotype, present designation: S!).] 

Stems erect to 2 mm high, brownish radiculose 

below. Upper leaves 2.5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, 

flexuose when dry, semivaginate at base, canaliculateconcave above, tips narrowly acute, sometimes 

extreme tips obtuse; margins slightly and narrowly 

reflexed from above base, more erect and densely 

serrulate near tip; costa 40-50 pm wide; upper 

lamina cells small, ca. 8 pm wide, 8-12 pm long, 

subquadrate or short-rectangular with firm walls; 

basal cells larger, 50-75 pm long, 12-20 pm wide. 

Dioicous. Setae 5-7 mm long, tenuous, yellow. 

Capsule erect, oval, 1 mm by 0.5 mm, brown, 8- 

ribbed when dry; exothecial cells large, 15-25 pm 

wide, 40-60 pm long. Spores 20-25 pm in diameter, 

densely papillose. 

MAS A TIERRA: Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 450 m, 

Sk. I (lectotype, S). 

MAS AFUERA: Near Correspondencia, ca. 1140 m, 

The species is apparently endemic to Juan Fernandez. The costae on the dry capsule are quite 

obvious and rather distinctive. 

Sk. 2 (S). 

Genus Oncophorus 

Plants with stems erect in loose cushions. Leaves 

spreading or slightly secund, incurved to crisped 

when dry, lanceolate, sometimes with sheathing 

bases; costa subpercurrent to percurrent, with two 

stereid bands; upper lamina cells subquadrate, 

marginal rows usually partially bistratose, alar cells 

not distinct. Autoicous. Perichaetia apical. Setae 

elongate. Capsules curved, sometimes strumose; 

opercula long-rostrate; peristome teeth bifid to 

middle, striate below. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A rather small genus of mostly boreal and north 

temperate distribution. A single species is known 

from Juan Fernandez and adjacent regions. 
20 SMITHSOXIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Oncophorus fuegianus 

Oncophorus frregianits Card., Rev. Bryol. 27:39, 1900. [Original material: Lapataia River, Tierra del Fuego, coll. C. 

Skottsberg n. 16, 1902 (S!).] 

Amphidium tortuosum 

A.rnphidium tortztosurn (Hornsch.) H. Robinson, new comb. 

Syrrhopodon tortnosits Hornsch., Linnaea 153117, 1841, [Original material: Teufelberges, 3rd Peak, Cape of Good Hope, 

South Africa, coll. Ecklon, 1827.1 

Zygodon cyatfiicnrpirs Mont., Ann. Sc. "at. Bot. ser. 3, 4:106, 

1845. [Original material: San Antonio, Chile, coll. Gay, 

Aug. 1829.1 

Gy mnos tom itm linemifolium Tayl., London J. Bot . 5: 42, 

1846. [Original material: Pichincha, Ecuador, coll. Jnmeson, Oct. 9, 1827.1 

Zygodon kilimandschariczts C. Mull., Flora 73:482, 1890. 

[Original material: Kilima-Ndscharo, coll. H. Meyer, 1889.1 

Zygodon integrifoliztm C. Mull. ex. Beck., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 25:297, 1893. [Original material: Ben More, 

Sorth Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand, coll. Beckett, 1892.1 

Zygodon anoectniigioides C. Mull,, Flora 82:449, 1896. [Original material: Hawaii, coll. Hillebrand, 1872.1 

Zygodon compactits C. Mull., Hedwigia 37:134, 1898, horn. 

illeg. [Original material: Kowai, North Canterbury, South 

Island, New Zealand, coll. Beckett, 1892.1 

Arnplioridintn compactitrn Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 7, 1900. 

Stems to 1 cm high, sparingly branched. Leaves 

crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate, distinctly 

keeled, sharp-acuminate at apex; margins narrowly 

recurved below middle, plane above, remote teeth 

distally; costa subpercurrent; lamina cells with 

firm walls, 6-8 pm long, 10-12 pm wide; basal cells 

thin-walled, short-oblong, 6-12 pm wide, 25-50 ym 

long, hyaline, usually with very minute papillae. 

Autoicous. Setae rather thick, urn short and rather 

thick with flaring mouth when mature. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas & Papal, c. 200 m, Sk. 57 

MAS A TIERRA: Forests of Villagra, 400-550 m, 

Sk. M236 (S); Cerro Alto, Sp. M258 (S); Cerro 

Piramide, NE slope, Sk. 121289 (S). 

The species is widely known under the name 

Amphidiiim cyathicarpzrm (Mont.) Brid. The distribution of the species includes mainland Chile, 

northern Andes, Central America, Hawaii, New 

Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, and Central and 

South Africa. 

(S). 

Plants rather robust, to 3 cm high, yellowish 

green, brownish below, radiculose only at base. 

Leaves spreading from an erect sheathing base, 

only slightly crisped when dry, 3.0-3.5 mm long; 

base ca. 1.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, with flaring 

margins: blade lanceolate, narrowed apically to a 

blunt, toothed tip; margin erect, irregularly and 

coarsely serrate above the middle; costa percurrent, 

ca. 100 pm wide at base of blade, on both surfaces 

covered with small subquadrate cells 8-10 pm in 

diameter; cells of lamina and margin unistratose; 

cells of blade and shoulders subquadrate, 10-12 pm 

in diameter; upper cells more rounded, mostly 8- 

10 pm in diameter; inner and lower marginal cells 

of base narrow, elongate, mostly 50-130 ym long, 

mostly 12-15 ym wide, 10 or more rows nearer 

margin 8-10 pm wide, cell walls rather thin but 

firm. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casa, Sk. 477 (S). 

The three specimens in the herbarium at Stockholm seem to represent the known distribution of 

the species: the specimen above from Juan Fernandez, the type from Tierra del Fuego, and a third 

specimen from Rio Aysen, Western Patagonia, 

Dusen n. 467, 1897, that was noted as equal to 

Dichodontizrm brotheri Dus. ex Par. nom. nud. 

Genus Amphidium 

Densely caespitose plants, pale above and brownish below. Stems sparingly radiculose with age. 

Leaves spreading when wet, rather crisped when 

dry, with erect, loosely imbricate bases, linearlanceolate; margins rather remotely serrulate; 

costae subpercurrent; upper lamina cells roundedquadrate, usually in distinct longitudinal rows, 

streaked with many minute, elongate cuticular 

papillae; alar cells not very distinct. Perichaetia 

apical. Setae rather short. Capsule short, strongly 

8-ribbed, urceolate when dry, gymnostomous; operculum rostellate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A genus of about ten species. Four species seem 

rather widely distributed and one occurs in Juan 

Fernandez. 

Genus Rhabdoweisia 

Small plants in dense tufts with erect, sparsely 

branching stems, stems lacking central strands. 

Leaves crisped when dry, erect-spreading when 

moist, lingulate to linear-lanceolate, keeled, usually 
NUMBER 27 21 

acute; margins plane or slightly recurved below, 

entire or serrulate distally; costa subpercurrent, 

with distinct abaxial stereid, adaxial stereid weak 

or lacking; upper lamina cells mostly subquadrate, 

nonpapillose; basal cells elongate and nearly hyaline, alar cells not distinct. Autoicous. Setae slender, 

elongate. Capsule urn ovoid, erect, usually %ribbed; 

annulus none; peristome single, teeth narrow; 

operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A world monograph of the genus has been provided by Lawton (1961) and a further note has 

been added by Zander (1966). Three species are 

presently recognized, with one occurring in Juan 

Fernandez. 

Rhabdoweisia crispata 

X/znbdoweisin ctYspntn [FVith.) Lindb., Act. SOC. Sc. Fenn. 

10:22, 1871. 

Bryicin crispnlzrm Dicks. ex W'ith., Syst. Arr. Brit. PI. etl. 4, 

3:81F, 1801. [Original material: Scotland, coll. Grifith.] 

TT'eisin denticulntn Brid., Sp. Musc. 1:108, 1806, nom. ikg. 

ificl. sfi. prior. [Original material: Germany, coll. LztdWig.] 

R/inbdor~!eisin de77ficitlntn B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 1 :99, 1846. 

R/lnbdo?~,eisin kiiseiievne Broth., Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. 

fetrograd 16:19, 1916. [Original material: Amur, Siberia, 

coll. Kz~senevnr, July 1915 (H).] 

Rhabdoweisin gynznostomioides Dix. & Ther. in Dix., Rev. 

Bryol. et Lichen. 13:10, 1942. [Original material: Mt. 

Sirane, Prov. Simozuke, Japan, coll. Sasnokn 71. 4f50, July 

1927 (BM).] 

Rhnbdori'eisin sinensis Chen. Feddes Rep. 5&:23-24, 1%. 

[Original material: Ching-ding, Omei-schan, Szetschwan, 

China, coll. Chen, n. 5616, Aug. 1942.1 

Stems usually less than 1 cm high. Leaves lingulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.0-3.5 mm long, apex 

Key to Species of 

acute; margins serrulate to entire; upper lamina 

cells 9-15 pm in diameter, walls somewhat thickened; basal cells thin-walled, 10 pm wide, to 60 pm 

long. Setae 2-5 mm long, very slender. Capsule urn 

narrowly cylindrical, ca. 0.7 mm long; peristome 

teeth linear-lanceolate, obliquely striate to smooth 

on surface. Spores ca. 15 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Blindado, 440 m, Sk. 478 (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Salsipuedes, 464 m, Sk. 58 (S); 

Q. Damajuana, 345 m, Sk. 77 (S); IYand Damajuana, 500-550 m, K. 315120 (B), K. 317117b (S). 

The species occurs in Europe, eastern North 

America, Alaska, Mexico, Hawaii, Japan, Korea, 

hniir, China, Java, and Bolivia in addition to 

Juan Fernandez. The early collections from Juan 

Fernantlez were determined as Amphidizlm, but 

Lawton (1961) does report R. ficgax (Hedw.) 

B.S.G. from the island on the basis of a Mosely 

collection from the 1875 Clzallenge, Expedition. 

Material that I have seen from the islands shows 

mixed characters. The leaves are like those described for R. fzrgnx and must be the basis for the 

Lawton determination. Still, I have given greater 

emphasis to the broader, striated peristome teeth 

that are characteristic of R. ciispatn (=R. dellticulntn). 

Genus Dicranoloma 

Medium-sized to robust brownish to bright yellowish green plants with stems usually erect in very 

loose tufts or cushions, often stems elongate with 

occasional branches. Leaves slightly to strongly 

secund, scarcely altered when dry, lanceolate with 

slender tips, subconvolute; margins with border of 

Dicranoloma 

1. Leaf very narrow, prolonged into fragile, filamentous tip filled with short-rectangular or subquadrate cells which are 5-7 pm \tide; costa 100-125 vm at base D. nienziesii 

1. Leaf base broadly oblong; upper lamina cells partly 01 completely elongate, 10-12 pm &ide; 

2 

2. Leaves strongly circinnate; leaf base under handlens appearing to have \cry lax aieolation; 

leaf tip smooth or neaily smooth on back D. nigricaule 

2. Leaws erect to strongly secund; leaf base of firm-walled linear cells; leaf tip irith promi3 

3. Most cells of upper leaf lamina short-oblong to subquadrate, 1:l or 2.1 D. kunkelii 

3. 4 

4. Leaves tapering to a short, slender, sharply and iriegulaily toothed arista; many cells of 

upper lamina 5:1 or shorter D. billardieri 

4. Leaves with long, slender, fragile tips bearing man) unifoimly small, sharp teeth: lamina 

cells nearly all 8.1 01 longer D. capillifolioides 

costa usually less than 80 wm wide at base 

nent costa hhich bears numerous teeth abaxially 

Most cells of lamina 3 or more times as long as wide 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

very narrow cells sometimes extending to midleaf; 

costa subpercurrent, narrow, usually ca. 1/5 or less 

width of leaf base, 2 stereids: at least lower leaf 

cells elongate, smooth; alar cells enlarged, quadrate to rectangular, in a group that does not reach 

the costa. Pseudoautoicous. Perichaetial leaves convolute sheathing. Setae elongate. Capsule curved, 

usually strumose; peristome teeth bifid to middle, 

striolate below: operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus is mostly restricted to the southern 

hemisphere. The five species known from Juan 

Fernandez may be distinguished by the accompanying key. 

Dicranoloma menxiesii 

Dicranoloma menziesii (Tayl.), Par., Ind. Bryol, ed. 2, 2:28. 

1904. 

Dicranum menziesii Tayl., Phytologist 2:412, 1094, 1843. 

[Original material: Lord Auckland’s Id., New Zealand, coll. 

Menzies, 1791 .] 

Dicranum brachypelma C. Mull., Bol. Zeit. 9:550, 1851. 

[Original material: New Zealand, coll. Mossman, 1850.1 

Dicranum suberectum Hampe, Linnaea 30:629, 1860. [Original material: Tarivin River valley, Australia, coll. F. 

Muller, 18541855.1 

Dicranttm trichophyllum Hampe, Linnaea 37:515, 1872. [Original material: Chatham Id,, coll. F. Muller.] 

Dicrantcm kroneanum C. Mull. in Hampe & Geh., Rev. Bryol. 

8:26, 1881. [Original material: Near Fernshaw, Victoria, 

Australia, COIL Krone, 1875.1 

Dicranum oedithecium C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:357, 1897. 

[Original material: Fitzroy Falls, New South Wales, Australia, coll. Whitelegge, Nov. 1884.1 

Dicranum kaiparense Par., Ind. Bryol. 357, 1895, nom. illeg. 

incl. sp prior. (D. brachypelma C. Mull.) 

Dicranum calymperoideum C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:359, 1897. 

[Original material: Titiranghi Range near Auckland, New 

Zealand, coll. Beccari, March 1878.1 

Dicranum fulviim R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 

29:462, 1897, horn. illeg. [Original material: New Zealand, 

West Oxford, coll. R. Brown ter., 1885.1 

Dicranum brownii Par., Ind. Bryol., Suppl. 121, 1900, nom. 

nov. 

Dicranoloma kaiparense Par., Ind. Bryol. ed. 2, 2:27, 1904. 

Leucoloma capillifolium Broth. in Dus., Ark. Bot. 4(1):35, 1905, 

hom. illeg. [Original material: In valley of Rio Aysen and 

on Guaitecas Isl. in western Patagonia; near Puerto Varas 

and in Coastal Cordillera between Rio Tirua and Bajo 

Imperial in southern Chile, coll. Dusen, 1895-1897.1 

Dicranirm cnpillifolium Card., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Sudpol. 

Exp. Nordenskjold 4 (8):70, 1908. 

Dicranodontium australe Dix., New Zealand Inst. Bull. 3(3): 

92, 1923. [Original material: Great Barrier Id., New Zealand, coll. Hutton 6 Kirk n. 63 (NY).] 

Campylopus fernandezianus Bartr., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 4:31, 

1957. [Original material: Forest above Plazoleta del 

Yunque, 400-450 m, COIL C. 6 I. Skottsberg n. 217 (S!).] 

Stems with central strand, to 6 cm long. Leaves 

to 8 mm long, erect to secund, linear-lanceolate 

from a clasping base, very long, setaceous; tip 

usually serrate on margin, often very slender and 

fragile in short area near apex: costa 1/5 or less of 

leaf width at base, ca. 100-125 pm wide; upper 

lamina and costa slightly scabrous abaxially: upper 

leaf cells and sometimes many lower leaf cells 

short-rectangular to subquadrate, 5-7 pm wide, 

7-14 pm long; lower cells with rather thickened, 

only slightly porose walls, in section lumens of cells 

rounded or transversely elongate with upper and 

lower walls evenly thickened. Setae single from 

perichaetia, 1 cm long or less. Capsule ca. 2 mm 

long, mouth turned to one side. 

MAS A TIERRA: El Yunque, below east face, ca. 

1600-1800 m, H. Q E. 514,656; forest above Plazoleta 

de Yunque, 400-450 m, Sk. M247 (S); Q. Frances, 

slope of Cordbn Chifladores, K. M91 (S); ridge 

between Rabanal and Q. Piedra, 720 m, Sp. M230 

in part (S). 

The species occurs in southern South America, 

Australia, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, Chatham 

Islands, Auckland Islands, and New Zealand. I 

have not seen authentic material of D. capillifolium, but all described features agree with the 

above concept of D. menriesii. A difference noted 

in some descriptions-erect leaves in D. menriesii 

and secund leaves in D. capillifolium-does not 

hold. Also the border of the leaf is variable, sometimes indistinct, sometimes distinct to midleaf. 

Dicranoloma billardieri 

Dicranolama billardieri (Brid.) Par., Ind. Bryol. ed. 2, 2:24, 

1904. 

Dicranum billardieri Brid., Bot. Zeit. Regensburg 1:214, 1802. 

[Original material: Australia, COIL La Billardiere, 1791- 

1794.1 

Cecalyphum dichotomzrm P. Beauv., Prodr. 51, 1805. [Original material: Reunion Id., coll. Bory St. Vincent, 1798- 

1802.1 

Dicranuin confine C. Mull. & Hampe, Linnaea 28:206, 1856. 

[Original material: Sealer’s Cove, Australia, coll. F. Mull.] 

Dicranzinz angustenerne Mitt., J. Linn. SOC. Bot. 4:68, 1859. 

[Original material: Tasmania, coll. Archer, 1846-1857.3 

Dicranum scopareolum C. Mull., Linnaea 40:238, 1876. [Original material: Johanna, Comoro Id., coll. Hildebrandt, 

1875.1 
NUMBER 27 23 

Dicranum drepanocladium C. Mull., Flora 73:473, 1890. 

[Original material: Mt. Kilima-Ndscharo, Marengo, 1800- 

3000 m, coll. H. Meyer, 1889.1 

Dicranum integerrimum Broth. & Geh., Oefv. Finsk. Vet. 

SOC. Foerh. 37:152, 1895. [Original material: Tasmania.] 

Dicranum subconfine C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:353, 1897. [Original material: Near Greymouth, South Island, New Zealand, coll. R. Helms, 1885.1 

Dicranum weymouthii C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:354, 1897. 

[Original material: Southdale, Tasmania, coll. Weymouth, 

Oct. 1889.1 

Dicranum pungentella C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:355, 1897. 

[Original material: Mt. Wellington, Tasmania.] 

Dicranum austro-congestu,m C. Mull., Hedwigia 36356, 1897. 

[Original material: Fitzroy Falls, Massvale, Victoria, Australia, coll. Whitelegge, Nov. 1884.1 

Dicranum baileyanum C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:356, 1897. 

[Original material: Queensland, Australia, coll. F. M. 

Bailey, 1880-1883.] 

Dicranum scopelloides Par., Ind. Bryol., Suppl. 25, 1900, 

nom. nou. for D. subconfine C. Mull. 

Dicraizoloma patentifolium Ren. & Par., Rev. Bryol. 29:7G, 

1902. [Original material: Region of Mandritsara, terr. 

Sakalave, Madagascar, 1901 .] 

Dicranoloma fernanderianum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:412, 1924. [Original material: Salsipuedes, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg, n. 37, 1917 (lectotype, present designation; S!).] 

Rather pale yellowish green plants. Stems with 

central strand, up to 10 cm high. Leaves 5-8 mm 

long, regularly falcate-secund, lanceolate with long, 

slender, rather straight tip; margins sharply serrulate to nearly entire, abaxial surface of tip with 

distinct teeth; costa 50 pm wide at base; cells of 

lamina 7-9 pm wide, lower cells up to 100 pm long, 

upper cells mostly 35-40 pm long, in section lumens 

of lamina cells as wide as high or wider with outside walls evenly thickened. Setae single from perichaetium. Mature capsule smooth. 

MAS AFUERA: Trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 

ft, H. Q E. 247, 601. 

MAS A TIERRA: Salsipuedes, 660 m, Sk. 37 (type 

D. fernanderianum; S); 625 m, Sk. 40 (S, US); between Laura and Piedra Agujereada, 650 m, Sk. 3 

(S); without definite locality, G. Lundberg L20 (S); 

Q. Frances, slope of Cordon Chifladores, K. M7Y 

(S); ridge between Rabanal and Q. Piedra Agujereada, 720 m, Sp. M230 in part (S); near Portezuelo 

de Villagra, ca. 1800 ft, H. (1. E. 482. 

The species occurs in the areas of southern South 

America, New Zealand, Australia, Madagascar, and 

central and South Africa. The plants have the general size and form of the common Dicranum scoparium Hedw. of the north. The leaf margin seems 

rather variable and in a few specimens the leaves 

are nearly straight. 

Dicranoloma ngricaub 

Dicranoloma nigricaule (Aongstr.) Par., Ind. Bryol. ed. 2, 

2:28, 1904. 

Dicranum nigricaule Aongstr., Oefv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. 29 (4): 

6, 1872. [Original material: Magellan Straits, coll. N. J. 

Anderson, 185 1-1 853.1 

Leucoloma peruitcinatum Dus., Ark. Bot. 4 (1):31, 1905. 

[Original material: Near Punta Arenas, southern Patagonia, coll. Dusen, 1895-1897.1 

Plants lustrous yellowish green. Stem with central strand, to 8 cm long. Leaves to 9 mm long, 

strongly and regularly circinnate, not closely imbricate, allowing dark stem to show prominently, 

linear-lanceolate, prolonged into a long, setaceous, 

often contorted tip; apex sharply toothed on margins, nearly or completely glabrous abaxially; costa 

80-100 pm wide at base; cells of lamina linear, 9 

pm wide, up to 125 pm long, appearing lax and 

pellucid under handlens, a few short cells near the 

apex; cells in section with lumens higher than 

wide, outer walls thin over lumens and with thickenings over crosswalls. Sporophyte not seen. 

The species was reported from Mas Afuera, 

Cerro Correspondencia, 1150 m, Sk. 43, by Brotherus (1924). No specimen from the islands has been 

seen. 

The only known distribution of the species is 

southern Chile and Juan Fernandez. The synonymy 

and some of the possible relatives have been discussed by Roivainen and Bartram (1937). The 

areolation of the leaves gives a rather distinct 

appearance at low magnification, but detailed 

structural differences are apparent only by taking 

cross sections. 

Dicranoloma capillifolioides 

Dicranoloma capillifolioides Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:413, 1924. [Original material: Los Innocentes, Mas Afuera, 950-1000 m, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg, 

n. 46, 1917.1 

Slender, yellowish green plants. Stem with central strand, up to 3 cm high. Leaves falcate, to 12 

mm long, lanceolate or oblong base, tapering into 

a long, slender, fragile capillary tip which is up to 
24 ShlITHSOSIAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAKY 

1.5 mm long with numerous uniformly small, sharp 

teeth on back and margin; costa ca. 60 pm wide at 

base, long-excurrent; cells of lamina 10-12 pm 

wide; lower cells strongly porose, up to 120 pm 

long; upper cells 40-70 pm long, lamina cells in 

section with lumens as wide as high or wider and 

outer walls distinctly and evenly thickened. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, 950-1000 m, Sk. 46 

MAS A TIERRA: El Yunque, K. M337 (S); Cordon 

rechts v. Yunque, 600 m, K. 31319~ (B). 

The species is known only from Juan Fernandez. 

The slender leaf tips are reminiscent of Dicranoloma menziesii but the elongate cells are entirely 

different. 

(type, 9. 

Dicranoloma kunkelii 

Dicranoloma ktinkelii H. Robinson, Phytologia 29 (2):115, 

1954. [Original material: Cordon rechts v. Yunque, Mas a 

Tierra, 500 m, coll. G. Kunkel 312/4 (B!).] 

Plants rather robust, yellowish green. Stem with 

central strand, erect to 5 cm high. Leaves 8-10 mm 

long, regularly falcate-secund, narrowly lanceolate 

with very long, flexuous, prolonged tips; apex with 

short-excurrent costa, distinctly denticulate marginally and abaxially; costa ca. 50 pm wide at base; 

cells of lamina 10-12 pm wide; lower cells strongly 

porose, to 100 pm long; upper cells mostly shortoblong or subquadrate, 10-20 pm long; lamina cells 

in section with lumens as wide as high or wider, 

outside walls evenly thickened. Dioicous. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon rechts v. Yunque, 500 m, 

K. 31214 (holotype, B; isotype, US); Q. Damajuana 

400-450 m, Sk. M216 (S). 

The species is easily distinguished by the very 

short but large upper leaf cells. The habit is similar to that of D. billardieri but the leaf tips are 

more flexuous. The differences in areolation and 

leaf tips indicate that D. kunkelii is not particularly closely related to either D. billardieri or any 

other species in the area. 

late with slender tips, sometimes subconvolute; 

margins serrulate to entire, without borders; costa 

broad, 1/4-113 of basal leaf width, to 400 pm wide, 

in section with 2 stereids of small, irregular cells, 

guide and epidermal cells distinct, cells on back of 

costa small and usually slightly mamillose, giving 

dull appearance to abaxial surface; cells of lamina 

rhomboidal to linear, alar cells greatly enlarged in 

group reaching costa. Setae long, straight. Capsule 

erect, cylindrical, slightly asymmetric; peristome 

teeth divided to near middle, striolate below; operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

Spores often very large and multicellular. 

The genus is mostly South American, with isolated species from Costa Rica, the Antarctic Peninsula, and St. Paul Island. A single species occurs in 

Juan Fernandez. 

Chorisodontium aciphyllum 

Chorisodontium aciphyllum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Broth., Nat. 

Pfl. ed. 2, 10:205, 1924. 

Dicranum acifihyllum Hook. f. & Wils., London J. Bot. 3: 

541, 1844. [Oiiginal material: Hermite Isl., Cape Horn, 

and Falkland Id., coll. J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843.1 

Camfi).lopus muricattls Dix., K. Sorsk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 

4:180, 1932. [Original material: Sear sea level, Maiviken, 

South Georgia, coll. Troim, 1929.1 

Slender, yellowish green plants in tufts with 

stems to 5 cm high. Leaves to 10 mm long, 1.1 mm 

wide, narrowly lanceolate; margin entire or sometimes with few apical teeth; cells of lamina ca. 10 

pm wide, narrower near margin, lower leaf cells 

elongate to 100 pm, a few upper cells shortrectangular to rhomboidal, walls distinctly thickwalled and rather porose. Dioicous. Setae ca. 2.5 

cm long. Capsule urn 2.5 mm long; peristome ca. 

250 pm long, red; operculum 2.0 mm long. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon Damajuana, above 650 m, 

K. 134331 (S); 600 m, K. 328117~ in part (B). 

The species is known from the southern tip of 

South America, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the South Orkney Islands in addition to 

Juan Fernandez. 

Genus Chorisodontium Genus Cnmpylopus 

Erect plants in compact tufts, stems sparsely 

branching, radiculose below. Leaves erect, lanceoErect plants in loose or compact tufts. Stems 

sparsely branching. Leaves erect, spreading, more 
NUMBER 27 25 

appressed when dry, lanceolate with slender tips; 

margins usually serrulate; costa 1/3 or more of 

width of leaf base, sometimes ridged on back, cross 

section with 0, 1, or 2 stereids; lower leaf cells 

mostly elongate, upper lamina cells rhomboidal to 

subquadrate, alar cells either distinct or vestigial. 

Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves scarcely distinct. Setae 

slender, cygneus when moist, usually flexuous when 

dry. Capsule ovoid, ribbed in most species, erect 

to inclined; peristome teeth bifid to middle, striolate below; operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, 

with or without basal fringe. 

The genus is widely distributed, with species 

particularly numerous in the tropical highlands. 

The five species known from Juan Fernandez can 

be distinguished by the following key. 

Key to Species of Campylopus 

1. Costa usually 1/2-2/3 width of leaf base, smooth abaxially, in section having thin-walled 

adaxial cells forming at least 1/2 of thickness; calyptra not fringed C. kunkelii 

1. Costa usually less than 1/2 of J$idth of leaf base, with slight to strong ridges of small, 

quadrate cells abaxially, in section the enlarged adaxial cells forming less than 112 of thick2 

2. Stems not or only sparsely tomentose beloT\; basal leaf areolation very lax, many cells 

over 100 pm long; upper cells very irregular C. blindioides 

2. Stems tomentose below; basal leaf cells mostly 50-100 pm long; upper cells usually 

3 

3. Alar cells usually forming large, reddish brown auricles (often remaining attached to 

stem in dissections); capsule erect and smooth, sometimes sulcate #hen dry; peristome 

teeth divided to base into 2 filiform, densely papillose parts C. clauatus 

3. Alar cells poorly daeloped, rarely forming colored auricles; capsule distinctly plicate; 

4 

4 Upper leaves with long, reflexed, hyaline hair tips; costa filling most of subula; 

costa section without stereids adaxially ; capsule curked C. intropexus 

4. Leaves with tips straight or concolorous; costa about 1/3 width of subula; costa 

section usually showing stereids adaxially, capsule erect C. aberrans 

ness; where known, calyptra fringed 

obliquely rhomboidal with thick i+alls 

peristome teeth cleft to middle and striolate below 

Campylopus aberrans 

Campylopus aberrans Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:414, 1924. [Original material: Mas a Tieria, 

way to Portezuelo, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 11, 1916 

(lectotype, present designation: S!).] 

Stems erect to 3 cm high, reddish tomentose. 

Leaves 3-5 mm long, to 0.7 mm wide, oblonglanceolate with rather slender, nearly entire, sometimes slightly liyaline tips; costa 1/3 width of leaf 

base, slightly ridged abaxially, 1/3 width of leaf 

near tip, distinct stereids both adaxially and abaxially; upper lamina cells obliquely rhomboidal, 

mostly 13-20 pm long; supraalar cells enlarged, 

hyaline, thin-walled, to 75 X 22 pm; alar cells very 

indistinct, a few reddish cells bordering the costa; 

many rows of prominent, very narrow cells along 

all of the lower margin. Setae ca. 3 mm long. Capsule scabrous basally, plicate. Calyptra fringed 

basally. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, Sk. 16 (S); Loberia, 0 m, 

Sk. 47 (S); in campo above Chozas, ca. 850 m. Sk. 

49 (S); Los Innocentes, 800-950 m, Sk. 48 (S); Q. 

Ovalo, Sk. M116 (S); coast between Q. Vacas and 

Varadero, Sk. M170 (S); Q. Mono, Sk. 287 (S); 

Q. Casas, near mouth, H. h E. 91; innermost accessible part, H. C E. 280; Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 4000 ft, H. G E. 342, 496. 

MAS A TIERRA: Trail to Portezuelo, Sk. 11 (lectotype; S; isotype, US); Salsipuedes, 625 m, Sk. 13 

(S), 600 m, Sk. 50 (S), 500 m, Sk. 53 (S); Cordon 

Centinela, 530 m, Sk. 14 (S); Tres Puntas, Sk. 15 (S); 

Cordon Chifladores, ca. 350 m, Sk. 17 (type of C. a. 

var. viridir Broth.; S); Cordon escarpado El Pico, 

360 m, Sk. 51 (S); Villagra, ca. 200 m (S); Puerto 

Frances, Sk. iV7R (S); slope of Cerro Alto, Sp. A1259 

(S); Valle Ingles, Sk. ill261 (S); Cordon Pangal/ 

Molina, ca. 600 m, K. 323119 (B). 

4s presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Juan FernandeL. Perhaps the closest relative is C. 

arbicoln Card. & Dix. of New Zealand but that 

species differs by usually having long hair tips on 

the leaves. 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Campylopus blindioides 

Campylopus blindioides Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:416, 1924. [Original material: Q. Vacas, Mas 

Afuera, coll. C. 6 I. Skottsberg n. 60, 1917 (S!).] 

Campylopus subareodictyon Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:415, 1924. [Original material: Forest 

between Sanchez and Tolten, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. 

Skottsberg n. 19, 1917 (S!).] 

Campylopus laxiretis Bartr., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 4:30, 1957, hom. 

illeg. [Original material: Q. Dona Maria, Mas Afuera, coll. 

C. 6 I. Skottsberg n. M173, 1955 (S!).] 

Stems erect, to 5 cm high, without evident 

tomentum. Leaves 5-7 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide, 

oblong below, becoming lanceolate, margins serrulate, tips concolorous; costa 2/5-1/2 leaf width at 

base, nearly filling subula, slightly ridged and 

scabrous abaxially; single stereid band abaxial, not 

full width of costa; guide cells distinct, mediumsized, in 1 row; 1 row of smaller adaxial cells; upper 

lamina cells irregularly subquadrate to rectangular, 

10-20 pm long, mostly 7-10 pm wide; alar cells 

continuous with large area of lax supraalar cells, 

cells up to 75-120 pm long, 25-30 pm wide, thinwalled; leaves lacking distinct border of narrow 

cells. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Vacas, on rock of waterfall, 

Sk. 60 (type, S); in forest between Sanchez and 

Tolten, 515 m, Sk. I9 (type of C. subareodictyon, 

S); cascade in Q. Dona Maria (also called Floripa), 

Sk. MI73 (type of C. Zaxiretis Bartr., S); Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 4000 ft, H. (1- E. 500. 

The species seems to be endemic to Mas Afuera. 

The types of C. blindioides and C. Zaxiretis Bartr., 

and the Hatcher and Engel specimen are totally 

alike, although nothing in the original Brotherus 

description could have led either Bartram or myself 

to this conclusion. The type of C. subareodictyon 

seems slightly different and has a little tomentum. 

Campylopzrs clavatus 

Campylopus clavatus (R. Brown) Wils. in Hook. f., F1. Nov. 

Zel. 2:69, 1854. 

Dicranum clavatum R. Brown in Schwaegr., Sp. Musc., Suppl. 

3 (2):255a, 1829. [Original material: Tasmania, coll. R. 

Brown Lv G. Sieber, 1801-1803.1 

Campylopits leptodus Mont., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. ser. 3, 4:111, 

1845. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. C. Gay.] 

Campylopus insititius Hook. f. & IVils., F1. Tasman. 2:l’i2, 

1859. [Original material: Tasmania, Southport, Brown’s 

River, coll. Stuart.] 

Campylopus appressifolius Mitt. in Hook. f., Handb. New 

Zealand F1. 414, 1867. [Original material: Mt. Eden near 

Auckland, North Island, New Zealand, coll. Jupp (NY).] 

Campylopus cylindrothecium R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 29:473, 1892. [Original material: Bealey, New 

Zealand, COIL R. Brown ter., Feb. 1889.1 

Dicranum sulphureo-pavus C. Mull., Hedwigia 363352, 1897. 

[Original material: Near Greymouth, South Island, New 

Zealand, coll. R. Helms, 1886.1 

Campylopus traillii R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 

29:468, 1897. [Original material: Stewart Id., New Zealand, 

coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1892.1 

Campylopus walkeri R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand 

Inst. 29:469, 1897, hom. illeg. [Original material: New 

Zealand, coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1892.1 

Campylopus rarus R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 

29:470, 1897. [Original material: New Zealand, near Lake 

Te Anau, coll. R. Brown ter., Jan. 1890.1 

Campylopus ellipticothecum R. Brown ter., Trans. New 

Zealand Inst. 29:473, 1897. [Original material: New Zealand, coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1892.1 

Campylopus otaraniaii R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand 

Inst. 29:474, 1897. [Original material: Xew Zealand, Mt. 

Torlesse, near Otarama, coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1896.1 

Campylopus arcuatus R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand 

Inst. 29:474, 1897, horn. illeg. [Original material: Stewart 

Id., New Zealand, coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1892.1 

Campylopus arenarius R, Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand 

Inst. 293475, 1897, in part. [Original material: Stewart Id., 

New Zealand, coll. R. Brown ter., Mar. 1892.1 

Campylopus persimplex C. Mull., Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremen 

16 (3):496, 1900. [Original material: Frenchpass, Cook Strait, 

New Zealand, coll. H. Schauinsland, l89f3-1897.1 

Stems elongate in dense tufts to 5 cm high, 

usually tomentose below. Leaves 4-7 mm long, 

narrowly oblong-lanceolate with slender, sometimes 

hyaline, and often secund scabrous tips; costa 1/3- 

1 /2 basal leaf width, nearly filling tip, slightly 

ridged on back, well-developed stereid band abaxially, small, often very thick-walled cells in 1-2 

series adaxially; upper lamina cells short, obliquely 

rhomboidal with porose walls, mostly 13-20 pm 

long; alar cells forming prominent auricles; supraalar cells in triangular area reaching upward along 

margin, narrow, thin-walled, usually hyaline, 50- 

100 pm long, 10-15 pm wide, ca. 5 rows of narrower cells along margin. Setae usually aggregated, 

up to 7 mm long. Capsule scabrous basally, smooth 

to sulcate when dry. Calyptra fringed at base. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, innermost accessible part, 

H. Q E. 200; Q. Mono, H. & E. 434, 713; trail to 

Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, H. (1- E. 582; Q. Sanchez, H. Q E. 684; Campo Correspondencia, 1000 m, 

I. 36992. 
NUMBER 27 27 

MAS A TIERRA: Portezuelo (Mirador), 500 m, 

K. 30812.5 (B), 308129 (B); Cordon rechts v. 

Yunque, 600 m, K. 313/9b (B); Wand Damajuana, 

400-500 m, K. 317/14b (B). 

The species is known from Chile, Australia, Tasmania, Auckland and Campbell Islands, New Zealand, and apparently South Africa. Sainsbury 

(1955a) established the identity of C. leptodus of 

South America with C. clavatus of Tasmania and 

New Zealand and he also mentioned the variation 

in the adaxial cells of the costa. Sections of some 

leaves are difficult to distinguish from those of 

C. intropexus. Campylopus clavatus is closely related to C. richardii Brid. of tropical America, and 

the latter name has been used for some Juan 

Fernandez material. In South America the distinction seems sharp, with the supraalar cells of C. 

richardii being shorter, thicker-walled, and porose. 

The question of whether this character is variable 

in New Zealand and Australian material as indicated by Sainsbury or whether the range of C. 

richardii extends to Hawaii and Asia as indicated 

by Dixon (1922) remains unresolved at this time. 

Campylopzcs introflexus 

Campylopus introfiexus (Hedw.) Brid., Mant. Musc. 72, 1819. 

Dicranum intropexum Hedw., Sp. Musc. 147, 1801. [Original 

material: New Zealand.] 

Campylopus lamellatus Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 9:52, 

1838. [Original material: Near Chupe, Prov. Yungas, 

Bolivia, coll. Orbigny (PC).] 

Campylopus truncatus C. Mull., Linnaea 18:685, 1845. [Original material: Chile, coll. Philippi (B).] 

Dicranum leptocephalun C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 9:551, 1851. 

[Original material: New Zealand, COIL Mossman, 1850.1 

Dicranum liebmanni C. Mull., Syn. 2:601, 1851. [Original 

material: Chinantle, Mexico, coll. Liebmann.] 

Dicranum lamellicosta C. Mull,, Syn. 2;601, 1851. [Original 

material: La Foga, Mexico, coll. Liebmann.] 

Dicranum lutescens C. Mull., Syn. 2:602, 1851. [Original material: Mt. Oriraba, Mexico, coll. Liebmann.] 

Dicranum proliferum C. Mull., Syn 2:602, 1851. [Original 

material: Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, 5600 ft, coll. Wagner.] 

Carnpylopus vitzliputzli Lor., Moosstud. 158, 1864. [Original 

material: Mexico City, coll. Schmitz.] 

Campylopus leucotrichus Sull. & Lesq., Icones Musc. 28, 1864. 

[Original material: Raccoon Mts., Alabama, coll. Lesquereux.] 

Campylopus strictus Schimp. in Besch., Mem. SOC. Nat. Sci. 

Natur. Cherbotlrg 16:167, 1872, hom. illeg. [Original material: Rio Orizaba, Mexico, coll. F. Muller.] 

Campylopus luridus Schimp. in Besch., Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. 

Natur. Cherbourg 16:168, 1872. [Original material: Orizaba, 

Mexico, COIL F. Muler.] 

Campylopus pilosissimus Schimp. in Besch., Mem. Soc. Nat. 

Sci. Natur. Cherbourg 16: 168, 1872. [Original material: 

Mirador, Mexico, coll. Sartorius.] 

Campylopus berteroanus Dub., Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Geneve 24: 372, 1875. [Original material: Chile, Coll. 

Bertero, 1827-1830.1 

Thysanomitrion jamaicense C. MuN, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 

552, 1897. [Original material: near Cinchona plantations, 

Jamaica, 4900 ft, coll. W. Harris, 1896.1 

Dicranum tasmanicum C. Mull., Hedwigia 363351, 1897, horn. 

illeg. [Original material: Tasmania, coll. Schimper.] 

Stems in dense tufts to 4 cm or more high, more 

or less tomentose below. Leaves 5-7 mm long, 

oblong-lanceolate, subulate-pointed, subtubulose 

above; tip scabrous, hyaline, often reflexed; costa 

1/3-1/2 of basal leaf width, abaxially with many 

serrated ridges 2-6 cells high, a single stereid 

which is abaxial, one series of large, thin-walled 

cells adaxially; upper lamina cells obliquely rhomboidal, 13-20 pm long, porose; alar cells indistinct; 

supraalar cells in area extending out obliquely 

from base of costa and becoming extensive along 

margin, narrow, hyaline, thin-walled, to 15 ym 

wide, to 80 ym long, 5 rows somewhat narrower 

near margin. Setae 1-3 in perichaetium, 6-9 mm 

long. Capsule curved, sometimes scabrous basally, 

ribbed. Calyptra fringed. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 

4000 ft, H. Q E. 441. 

MAS A TIERRA: Trail to Portezuelo, Sk. 8; Cerro 

Salsipuedes, 1500 ft, M. 9506; Cordon rechts v. 

Yunque, K. 313111~ (B); Wand Damajuana, K. 

317/15a (B); Cordon Pangal/Molina, to 700 m, 

K. 323/16b (B), 323/17 (B). 

The species occurs widely in South, Central, and 

southern North America, Australia, Tasmania, New 

Zealand, Kerguelen, and the Falklands and is 

adventive in Europe. Included here are plants that 

have been reported as Campylopus polytrichoides 

DeNot. As indicated by Richards (1963), the latter 

species is distinct but primarily European and 

African in distribution. 

Camp ylopus kunkelii 

Campylopus kunkelii 'Bartr., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 4:31, 1957. 

[Original material: Near summit of El Yunque, Mas a 

Tierra, coll. G. Kunkel n. 345, 1954-1955.3 
28 

Stems erect, to 3 cm high, reddish tomentose. 

Leaves 7-9 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, oblong below, 

becoming narrowly lanceolate, margin entire, tips 

slightly toothed and concolorous; costa 1 /2-2/3 

leaf width in basal part, smooth abaxially, welldeveloped stereid band of simple cells abaxially, 

adaxial 1 /2-3/5 of costa thickness composed of one 

layer of large, thin-walled cells, no distinct guide 

cells; upper lamina cells rectangular to obliquely 

rhomboidal, 10-20 pm long; alar cells not differentiated, supraalar cells to 50 pm long, 20 pm wide; 

lower margins bordered with up to 10 rows of very 

long, narrow cells. Setae mostly solitary, 5-7 mm 

long. Capsules erect, distinctly ribbed. Calyptra not 

fringed. 

MAS AFUERA: Near Camp Correspondencia, ca. 

1100 m, Slz. 18 (S, US), ca. 3800 ft., H. Sr E. 456; 

trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft., H. Sr E. 244, 

602; Los Innocentes, near and below summit, ca. 

4000 and 4500 ft, H. & E. 263, 681. 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. Close relatives include C. Chrismmii (C. Mull.) Mitt. of Central America and C. 

leztcogrzodes of the Andes. The former species has 

less developed stereids in the costa and the latter 

has longer upper lamina cells. The name C. areodictyon (C. Mull,) Mitt. was applied to this species 

by Brotherus. This last, however, is most likely a 

species endemic to the Venezuelan Andes with two 

stereid bands and a papillose capsule base. 

DICNEMONACEAE 

Genus Eucamptodon 

Stems in dense cushions or laxly branching, usually brownish green. Leaves erect to slightly spreading when moist or dry; costa narrow to lacking; 

upper lamina cells elongate; alar cells sometimes 

very distinct. Perichaetial leaves long-sheathing, 

about as long as setae. Capsules erect; peristome 

teeth undivided; spores enlarged, multicellular; 

operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

The genus is represented on the islands 

species. 

Eucamptodon perichaetialis 

Eucamptodoiz perichaetialis (Mont.) Mont., Ann. 

Weisia perichaetialis Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 

Bot. ser. 3, 5:14 f.3, 1845. 

BOTANY 

by one 

Sc. Nat. 

3, 4:119, 

1845. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. C. Gay.] 

Plants yellowish green, brownish below, to 7 mm 

high. Leaves erect-spreading, 3.0-3.3 mm long, 0.8 

mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, sometimes rather 

short-acute, leaf slightly keeled above; margins 

erect, entire; costa narrow, lacking in lower 113; 

cells of upper lamina narrow, elongate, 40-100 pm 

long, 12-15 pm wide, with thick walls; apical cells 

mostly 30-50 pm long; alar cells 35-40 pm, quadrate, numerous, brownish. Au toicous. Perichaetial 

leaves to 5 mm long, narrowly attenuate. Setae 3-4 

mm long, yellowish. Capsules oblong, 1.2 mm long, 

0.5 mm wide, erect to inclined; peristome teeth 

pale when old, minutely papillose. Spores irregular 

in shape, 75-100 pm long. 

h1AS AFUERA: Cordon Barril, Sk. 31 (S). 

The species is known only from southern Chile 

and Juan Fernandez. All other species of the genus 

and other genera of the family are restricted to the 

area of Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. 

POTTIACE AE 

Genus Weisia 

Small, caespitose, yellowish green plants, often 

on rocks or soil, often calciphilous. Stems short. 

Leaves spreading when wet, incurved to crisped 

when dry; costae percurrent, with 2 stereids; upper 

leaf cells quadrate, papillose; basal leaf cells rectangular, hyaline. Setae longer than leaves. Capsules erect, smooth, oval; peristome rudimentary 

or lacking; operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

Two species of the genus are claimed for the 

island. 

Key to Species of Wehia 

Capsule with distinct, short peristome teeth 

Capsule without distinct peristome teeth 

W. controversa 

W. kicnzeana 
NUhfBER 27 29 

Webia controversa 

Weisia controversa Hedw., Sp. Musc. 67, 1801. [Original material: Leipzig, Germany, coll. Hedwig.] 

Plants in dense cushions, bright to yellowish 

green, stems erect, often branching. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3 mm long; middle and upper margins 

strongly involute, entire; costa percurrent to shortexcurrent in short, pale mucro, 3545 pm wide at 

base; cells of upper lamina 6-7 pm in diameter, 

rounded-quadrate or hexagonal, obscured with numerous simple papillae; basal cells longer, larger, 

nonpapillose. Autoicous. Setae erect, 3-10 mm long, 

yellowish. Capsules erect, oval, brownish; peristome 

teeth of 1-1 0 usually papillose sections, sometimes 

perforate. Spores 15-20 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Mono, Sk. M119 (S). 

The species is very widely distributed in the 

temperate and tropical parts of the world. 

Webia kunzeana 

Weisia ktinzeana C. Mu., Syn. 1:656, 1849. [Original material: Chile, coll. Poppig.] 

Gymnostomum rnarginatuin Kunz. ex. Mont. in Gay, Hist. 

Fis. Polit. Chile Bot. 7:193, 1850, nom. illeg. incl. spec. 

prior. [Original material: Chile, coll. Poppig.] 

Stems and leaves essentially like W. controversa 

Hedw. Capsules lacking peristome teeth. Spores 

15-20 pm in diameter. 

MAS A TIERRA: Portezuelo, ca. 475 m, Sk. 102 (S). 

The species is known only from Chile. The material cited was determined by Brotherus and is the 

only known record for the islands. The two capsules in the specimen are without peristomes, but 

more material is needed for confirmation of the 

record. 

Genus Gymnostomum 

Small green to yellowish green plants in dense, 

sometimes deep tufa-forming masses on limestone 

or other calcareous material, stems erect, sparsely 

branching. Leaves erect-spreading when moist, 

contorted when dry, rather densely imbricate with 

somewhat erect bases; margins plain to slightly 

recurved; costa subpercurrent, with 1 stereid band; 

cells of lamina subquadrate to short-rectangular, 

with simple papillae; basal cells not noticeably 

differentiated. Dioicous. Perichaetia apical, perichaetial leaves not distinct. Setae longer than 

leaves. Capsule erect, smooth, wall of urn very thin; 

peristome teeth lacking; operculum rostrate, sometimes persistent on columella. Calyptra cucullate, 

bare. 

A single species is reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Gymnostomum calcareum 

Gymnostoinurn calcareum Nees & Hornsch., Bryol. Germ. 1: 

1.53, 1823. [Oiiginal material: Sear Munchen, coll. HornSCll21Ch .] 

Plants in dense, yellowish green cushions, to 10 

mm high. Leaves to 1.0 mm long, to 0.08 mm wide, 

narrowly oblong, apex obtuse to rounded; costa ca. 

30 pm at base; cells of lamina 6-12 pm in diameter, 

subquadrate to wider than long, a few basal cells 

to 15 pm long. Setae 34 mm long, pale. Capsule 

urn to 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Spores 8-10 pm in 

diameter. 

Brotherus reported the species from both Mas 

Afuera and Mas a Tierra but no specimens have 

been seen in this study. The world distribution is 

claimed to include Europe, Azores, North Africa, 

Caucasus, Himalaya, Siberia, North America, Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Chile, Tristan da Cunha, 

East Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. A 

more restricted interpretation of the species was 

given by Crum and Anderson (1956) accqding to 

whom much of the material outside of thekediterranean region and California would actually be 

G. aemginosum Sm. At best, distinctions are not 

clear and little is gained by changing names at this 

time. 

Genus Trichostomum 

Caespitose, yellowish to dark green plants, stems 

erect and branching. Leaves spreading when wet, 

crisped when dry; margins usually plain, becoming 

incurved when dry; costa percurrent or excurrent 

in a mucro, with 2 stereid bands; cells of upper 

lamina small, rounded or subquadrate, papillose; 

lower cells rectangular, pellucid. Nearly all species 

dioicous. Perichaetia apical. Setae elongate, erect. 

Capsules erect, cylindric; peristome of 16 bifid, 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

narrow, papillose, erect teeth; operculum conicrostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

One species is reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Trichostomum bruchydontium 

Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch in F. A. Mull., Flora 

12: 393, 1829. [Original material: Spezzia and Cagliari, Sardinia, coll. F. A. Muller.] 

Hymenostomum muelleri Bruch in F. A. Mull., Flora 12:386, 

1829. [Original material: Near Cagliari, Sardinia, coll. 

F. A. Muller.] 

Trichostomum mutabile Bruch in DeNot., Syll. 192, 1838. 

[Original material: Sardinia, coll. De Notaris.] 

Hymenostomum unguiculatum Philib, in Schimp., Syn. 2:37, 

1876. [Original material: Near Aix, Provence, France, coll. 

Philibert, 1871-1872.1 

Plants in dark green cushions or crusts with 

stems to 2 cm high. Leaves to 3 mm long, to 0.5 

mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, very short-acute; margins involute above; costa percurrent into short 

mucro, 70 pm wide at base; cells of upper lamina 

6-8 pm in diameter, with dense linear or finely Cshaped papillae; basal cells to 70 pm long, to 20 

pm wide, hyaline. Dioicous. Setae 1.0-1.5 cm long. 

Peristome short. 

The species is reported from the islands by both 

Brotherus and Bartram, but no specimens have 

been seen in this study. The complete range of the 

species includes Europe, Asia, Africa, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, 

and Chile. 

Genus Bryoerythrophyllum 

Small to robust, usually reddish green caespitose 

plants with erect, sparsely branching stems, usually 

with central strand. Leaves spreading when moist, 

contorted when dry; margins usually recurved 

below, variously toothed above; apex with small, 

projecting, slender, smooth cell; costa subpercurrent, in section showing 2 stereid bands and distinct 

epidermal layer; cells of upper lamina rounded to 

quadrate, papillose; inner basal cells distinctly 

enlarged and differentiated, smooth. Pericliaetial 

leaves scarcely distinct. Setae long, erect. Capsule 

erect or curved; peristome teeth erect, linear to 

irregularly cleft; operculum short conic-rostrate. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

One species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Bryoe ythrophyllum campylocarpum 

Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum (C. Mull.) Crum, Svensk. 

Bot. Tidskr. 51:200, 1957. 

Syrrhopodon jamesonii Tayl., London J. Bot. 6:331, 1847. 

[Not Bryoerythrophyllum jamesonii (Tayl.) Crum. Original 

material: Pichincha, Ecuador, coll. Jameson, Nov. 1846.1 

Trichostomum campylocarpum C. Mull., Syp. 2:628, 1851. 

[Original material: Mountain region, between 500-8000 ft, 

Costa Rica, coll. Oersted, Feb. 1847.1 

Syrrhopodon crispatus Hampe, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, 5:335, 

1866. [Original material: San Juan, 1400 m, Colombia, coll. 

Lindig.] 

Trichostomum amblystegium C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. 

Ital. n. ser. 4:118, 1897. [Original material: Colombia, coll. 

Lindig n. 2146.1 

Trichostomum campylopyxis C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. 

Ital. n. ser. 4:118, 1897. [Original material: Near Choquecamata, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia, coll. Germain, 1889.1 

Didymodon calymperidictyon Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:419, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada 

Damajuana, 345 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg 

n. 107 (S!).] 

Didymodon linearis Broth. in. Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2419, 1924, hom. illeg. [Original material: Near 

Correspondencia, 1100 m, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg n. 380 (S!).] 

Stems small or slender in loose, green to reddish 

green tufts or cushions, up to 1.5 cm high. Leaves 

strongly contorted when dry, up to 2 mm long, 

linear with obtuse or acute tip; lower margins erect 

or variously recurved, usually distinctly toothed 

near tip; costa percurrent, densely papillose on 

back; cells of upper lamina subquadrate with many 

small papillae, 8-10 pm in diameter; inner basal 

cells sharply demarcated, up to 35 pm long, 20 pm 

wide, laxly rectangular, clear and smooth, pale or 

slightly reddish; lower margins usually with smaller, 

more colored cells, those nearest base elongate, narrow. Dioicous. Setae (7-)13-15 (-17) mm long. Capsules narrow, usually strongly curved, with flaring 

mouth when old. 

MAS AFUERA: Near Correspondencia, 1100 m, Sk. 

380 (type, Didymodon linearis, S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Damajuana, 345 m, Sk. 107 

(type, Didymodon calymperidictyon, S); Cordon 

Salsipuedes, ca. 1700 ft, H. Q E. 186. 

The species is known from Mexico, Guatemala, 

Costa Rica, Jamaica, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, 

and now Juan Fernandez. For a discussion of the 

species see Crum (1957). In spite of some variations 

in color and apex, the new collection, which is very 

depauperate, and the two Brotherus species all seem 
NUMBER 27 31 

to belong under this broad concept of B. campylocarpum. 

The broad concept given above should probably 

also include Colombian specimens that I have erroneously associated with the name Didymodon angustulus Herz. (Robinson, 1967). According to Hilpert 

(1933) the latter name refers to what must now be 

called Trichostomopsis, being close to or the same 

as T. australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) H. Robinson. 

Genus Leptodontium 

Small to robust, loosely caespitose plants with 

erect, sparsely branching stems, lacking central 

strand. Leaves spreading when moist, crisped and 

contorted when dry; margins recurved in lower 

1 /3-3/4, usually strongly dentate distally; costa 

subpercurrent to short-excurrent, in section showing 

2 stereids without distinct epidermal layer; cells of 

upper lamina rounded to quadrate, variously papillose; inner basal cells larger, smooth. Dioicous or 

pseudoautoicous. Perichaetia apical, leaves mostly 

high-sheathing. Setae long, erect. Capsule erect, 

cylindrical; peristome teeth erect, mostly cleft to 

base into linear divisions; opercum conical to conicrostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The concepts followed here are those in the 

monograph by Zander (1972). As indicated in that 

work, there are two species known from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Leptodontium 

Papillae grouped or centered over lumens of leaf cells, lower marginal and submarginal cells 

usually strongly papillose; leaf tips with mostly subquadrate cells; costa in section elliptical, 

with 1-2 ventral layers of stereids ........................................................................ L. microruncinatum 

Papillae scattered over surfaces of cells, lower marginal and submarginal cells not unusually 

papillose; apex narrowly acute with many rhomboidal cells; costa in section semicircular, ._ 

with 2-3 ventral layers of stereids 

Leptodontium microruncinatum 

Leptodontiurn microruncinatum Dus., Ark, Bot. 6 (8): 10, 1906. 

[Original material: Guaitecas, Chiloe, Chile, coll. Dusen n. 

Leptodontium rufe~cens Broth. in Herz. Biblioth. Bot. 87:35, 

1916. [Original material: Cerros de Malaga, Cochabamba, 

Bolivia, coll. Herzog n. 4362, 1911 (H).] 

Leptodontium undulatum Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 87:36, 1916. 

[Original material: Camarapa, Cochabamba, Bolivia, coll. 

Herzog n. 4277, 1911 (JE).] 

Leptodontium fernandezianurn Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:418, 1924. [Original material: Correspondencia, ca. 1400 m, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg n. 

I05 (FH).] 

620, 1895-1897 (FH).] 

Stems in loose mats, 4-10 cm long, without 

tomentum, in section showing enlarged, usually 

collapsed epidermal cells. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, with sheathing base; margins 

recurved below, dentate in upper 1/3-1/2; costa 

subpercurrent, narrow in section with 4 guide cells, 

2 rows of stereid cells dorsally; upper leaf cells 

subquadrate, 11-13 pm in diameter, walls thickened, cells with single, central, scarcely branching 

papilla; cells of lower margin often bearing dense 

covering of larger bi- trifid papillae; inner basal 

.............................................................. L. pungens 

cells 9-11 pm wide, 30-85 pm long, with few or no 

papillae, with thickened porose walls. Setae ca. 12 

mm long, yellow; peristome teeth 0.2-0.4 mm long. 

Spores 18-22 pm in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 

4000 ft, H. CL- E. 236, 6?7. 

The species is presently known from Chile, Tristan da Cunha, Reunion, and along the Andes into 

northern South America. 

Leptodontium pungens 

Leptodontium pungens (Mitt.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 

63, 1888. 

Didymodon pungens Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7:150, 1863. 

[Original material: Cameroons Mt., Cameroon, coll. Mann, 

1862 (NY).] 

Leptodontium ncutifolium Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:51, 

1869, [Original material: Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, coll. 

Godman & Salvin, s.n. (NY).] 

Leptodontium braunioides C. Mull,, Linnaea 42:325, 1879. 

[Original material: Mts. between Siambon & Tafi, TUCUman, Argentina, coll. Lorentz, 1873.1 

Leptodontium pztucanense Besch., Bull. SOC. Bot. France 

32:58, 1885. [Original material: Matucana, Peru, coll. 

Savatier n. 1210.1 
32 SMITHSOSIAS COSTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

Leptodontium gri~nniioides C. Mull. ex. Britt., Bull. Torr. 

Bot. Club 23:474, 1896. [Original material: Sorata, La Paz, 

Bolivia, coll. Rzisby n. 3192 (KY).] 

Leptodoiltiunz mbg? itrinzioides Broth. 8i Ther., Bull. Acad. 

Int. Geogr. Bot. 16 (196):40, 1906. [Original material: 

Bogota, Colombia, coll. Apollinaire-Maiia 71. 1 [H).] 

Leptodontium acittissi~nttm Bartr., Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. 2:54, 1955. [Original mateiial: Pichincha, Ecuador, coll. Bell. 12. fl3.1 

Leptodontiicttz skottsbergii Bartr., Ark. Bot., ser. 2, 4:33, 1959. 

[Original material: Las Torres, Mas Afuera, coll. C. 0 1. 

Skottsberg n. h1159 (FH!).] 

Stems in rather dense mats, 2-5 cm long, without 

tomentum, in section showing enlarged, usually 

collapsed, epidermal cells. Leaves only slightly 

twisted when dry, spreading-recurved from rather 

sheathing bases when wet, 34 mm long, 1.0-1.3 

mm wide, lanceolate, carinate distally with narrowly acute apex; lower margins recurved, dentate 

in upper 1 /3-1/2; costa percurrent to subpercurrent, semicircular in section with 4 guide cells, 2-3 

rows of stereid cells abaxially; upper leaf cells 

subquadrate, 11-15 pm in diameter, with crowded, 

multifid papillae scattered over surface; apical cells 

mostly rhomboidal, scarcely papillose; inner basal 

cells 9-11 pm wide, 45-65 pm long, scarcely papillose; alar cells often yellowisli brown with short, 

thick-walled cells. Setae 10-1 1 mm long, brown. 

Peristome 0.3-0.4 mm long. Spores 17-20 pm in 

diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Las Torres, ca. 1350 m, Sk. M159 

The species is also known from Mexico, Central 

America, Andes south to Argentina, southern 

Brazil, and the mountains of Africa. Juan Fernandez is the southernmost known locality for the 

species. 

(type, FH). 

Genus Tortula 

Medium-sized to large plants in coarse tufts, with 

stems erect, sparingly branched. Leaves broad, 

ovate to spathulate, contorted when dry; margins 

with or without teeth or elongate cells or paler 

cells; costa percurrent to long-excurrent, in section 

with stereids abaxially and only a region of 

enlarged cells adaxially; upper leaf cells usually 

papillose, some with larger cells and no papillae; 

inner basal cells enlarged, smooth, usually forming 

a distinct area. Perichaetia apical. Setae elongate. 

Peristome teeth filiform, spirally twisted, often 

fused into high membrane basally; operculum very 

long-conical. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. 

The genus shows great diversity in the Andes 

and especially Chile, but only two apparently 

closely related species are reported from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Tortuh 

Leaf tip obtuse, usually with smooth or serrulate apical arista T. Pagellnris 

Leaf tip rather acute, with distinct apiculus 

Tortula flagellaris 

Tortitla Jlagellaris (Schimp.) Mont. in Gay, Hist. Fis. Polit. 

Chil. Bot. 7:147, 1850. 

Barbula flagellark Schimp., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. ser. 2, 6:14G, 

1836. [Original material: Chile, coll. Bertero.] 

Tortitla perflnccida Broth. ex Dus., Ark Bot. G (8):27, 19OG. 

[Original material: Xear Valparaiso, Chile, coll. Dusen, 

1895-1897.3 

Plants in pale to dark green mats, stems slender, 

laxly caespitose, to 2 cm high. Leaves 3-4 mm 

long, spreading when moist, incurved-contorted 

when dry, oblong with obtuse apex; margin reflexed, entire; costa usually excurrent in smooth 

or serrulate, rather short arista, rarely percurrent 

T. scabrineruis 

or subpercurrent, papillose abaxially; upper lamina 

cells rounded-hexagonal, ca. 15 pm in diameter, 

tliin-walled, densely papillose; inner basal cells 

hyaline, smooth. Dioicous. Peristome syntrichous. 

Tlie species is listed by Brotlierus (1924), but no 

specimens have been seen in the present study. 

Tlie distribution of the species includes central 

Chile. 

Tortula scabrinervis 

Tortitla hcabrinervis (C. Mull.) Mont. in 

not bitla scnbririe,vis C. Mull., Syn. 1:G34, 

Polit. Chil. Bot. 7:150, 1860. 

Gay, Hist. Fis. 

1849. [Original 
SUhfBER 27 33 

material: Los Chorillos, Prov. Quillota, Chile, coll. 

Poppig, Sept. 1827.1 

Small, brownish to reddish green. Leaves erectspreading when moist, appressed with scarcely contorted tips when dry, ca. 3 mm long, oblonglanceolate; margins recurved in middle, rather 

incurved above, entire, without differentiated cells; 

apex acute with distinct apiculus; costa usually scabrous abaxially; cells of upper lamina roundedhexagonal, 8-12 pm in diameter, cells toward margins 6-8 pm in diameter, cells multipapillose; basal 

cells hyaline, 12-15 pm broad, 30-80 pm long. 

Dioicous. Setae rather short. Peristome syntrichous. 

MAS A TIERRA: Portezuelo de Villagra, 590~m, 

Sk. 121 (S); Valle Colonial, Sk. M38 (S). 

The species is known from Juan Fernandez and 

central Chile. None of the differences cited between 

this and the preceding species seem convincing. 

The presence of an arista is supposedly variable in 

both species. 

FUNARIACEAE 

Genus Funaria 

Pale green terrestrial plants with short, erect 

stems in loose clusters. Leaves in coma1 tuft, somewhat shrivelled when dry; costa slender, subpercurrent to short-excurrent; cells of lamina large, 

thin-walled, smooth; no distinct alar cells. Perichaetia apical. Setae long, slender. Capsule erect 

and cylindrical or strongly asymmetric; peristome 

with outer teeth often obliquely arranged and 

forming spiral, inner teeth directly behind outer 

ones or lacking; operculum flat or convex. Calyptra smooth, cucullate when mature. 

Only the most widely distributed species of the 

genus has been found in Juan Fernandez. 

Funaria hygrometrica 

Funaria hygrornetrica Hedw., Sp. Musc. 172, 1801. [Original 

material: Germany, coll. Hedwig.] 

Leafy plants budlike when young, with leaves 

more spreading when mature. Upper leaves to 4 

mm long, to 2 mm broad, ovate to obovate, shortacuminate; margin slightly serrulate distally; costa 

subpercurrent; cells of upper lamina rhomboidal, 

to 45 pm long, to 20 pm wide; lower cells larger, 

rectangular, 70-100 pm long, 30-40 pm wide; larger in alar region but not otherwise distinct. Autoicous. Setae solitary, 2-5 cm long, reddish yellow 

when mature. Capsule becoming inclined to pendant, to 3 mm long, asymmetrical with mouth 

turned strongly to one side, the one side flattened, 

the other side often weakly ribbed; operculum 

large, 0.8 mm in diameter, convex; annulus present; peristome teeth attached apically to small disk; 

segments 3/4 length of teeth. Spores 14-17 pm in 

diameter. Calyptra greatly expanded and campanulate in lower part when young. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, near mouth, H. d- E. 140; 

above beach between Q. Casas and Q. Vacas, M. 

9340. 

The species occurs in all major land areas of the 

world except Antarctica, and it is often very common on calcareous substrates or in burned-over 

areas. Brotherus reported the species from both 

Mas Afuera and Mas a Tierra. 

BRYACEAE 

Genus Orthodontiurn 

Small, slender, pale to golden green plants with 

erect stems. Leaves little altered when dry, long 

and very narrow; margins mostly entire; costa subpercurrent; cells very narrowly rhomboidal, without distinct alar cells. Perichaetia apical. Setae 

elongate. Capsule erect to inclined, cylindrical; 

peristome double, teeth and segments each 16, 

slender. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus has been monographed by Meijer 

(1952). One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Orthodontium gracile 

OrtAodontium gracile Schwaegr. ex B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 4:70, 

1844 (fasc. 23-24 Mon. 4). [Original material: Near Helsby, 

Cheshire, England, coll. Wilson, 1833 (BM).] 

O7?hodOntiU?n nethiopicum C. Mulll., Bot. Zeit. 13:753, 1859. 

[Original material: Cossi berri, Abyssinia, coll. Schimper 

(lectotype; S).] 

Orthodontinrn osciilatianzim DcSot., hlem. R. Acc. Sc. Torino 

ser. 2, 18:443, 1859. [Original material: Mt. Napo, Colombia, coll. Osczdati (RO).] 

Oithodontium tenellurn Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Rot. 12:2i5, 

1869. [Original material: Picillum, Andes Quitenses, coll. 

Jameson (SY).] 

Stems usually 2-4 mm high. Leaves pellucid, lin- 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ear, to 7 mm long; margins subentire; costa without stereids; median cells linear, 8-12 pm broad, 

40-80 pm long; basal cells rectangular, 75-125 pm 

long, to 25 pm wide. Paroicous. Setae 2.5-10.0 mm 

long. Capsule 1.5-2.0 mm long, narrowly ovate to 

narrowly pyriform, not plicate; peristome teeth 

narrowly lanceolate. Spores 10-18 pm in diameter. 

MAS A TIERRA: El Yunque, near and below east 

face, ca. 1600-1800 ft, H. d. E. 361, 374, 504A; trail 

to base of El Yunque up to 1800 ft, H. 6. E. 796. 

The species is known also from Europe, Central 

Africa, western United States, Mexico, Guatemala, 

and the Andes from Colombia .to Chile. Bartram 

was the first to report the species from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Genus Mielichhoferia 

Pale to yellowish green plants in dense mats of 

crowded, erect stems. Leaves little altered when 

dry; margins slightly serrate distally; costa subpercurrent or rarely excurrent; cells of lamina very 

narrowly rhomboidal, alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia usually forming short, lateral branch, sometimes apical. Setae elongate. Capsule usually pyriform, erect or inclined to horizontal; peristome 

usually simple, outer row vestigial or lacking, inner 

row of 16 linear to narrowly lanceolate segments. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A single species is reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Mielichhoferia longiseta 

Mielichhoferia longiseta C. Mull., Syn. 1:236, 1848. [Original 

material: Andes, coll. Humboldt C Bonj~land.] 

Stems to 7 mm high. Leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, 

ca. 0.3 mm wide, lanceolate from oblong base, apex 

slenderly acuminate; margins plane; costa subpercurrent; upper leaf cells linear, to 100 pm long, 

10-12 pm wide; basal cells rectangular, 25-40 pm 

long, 12 pm wide. Synoicous or paroicous, antheridia usually in axils of lower bracts of perichaetia. 

Perichaetia on short, lateral branch. Setae 9-10 

mm long, reddish when mature, curved near top. 

Capsule inclined to horizontal when moist, usually 

erect when dry, narrowly pyriform, 3 mm long; 

peristome segments ca. 20 pm broad yith distinct, 

slightly keeled median line and small appendiculations, basal membrane visible. Spores ca. 15 pm in 

diameter, finely papillose. Operculum convex to 

low-conical, mamillate in center. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Blindado, H. Q E. 241. 

The species is known primarily from Ecuador, 

with a few reports from other localities. The value 

of various reports might be questioned, as species 

concepts in the genus need careful review. The 

material cited from Juan Fernandez has no cap 

sules, and the identification is based on the previous report of the species from the Challenger 

Expedition. 

Genus B yum 

Small to very large plants with tufts of erect 

stems, often radiculose below with papillose rhizoids. Leaves scarcely to distinctly shrivelled when 

dry, ovate to ovate-lanceolate; margins entire or 

serrate, sometimes bordered with narrow cells: 

costa subpercurrent to short-excurrent, cross section 

with single large stereid; upper leaf cells rhomboidal. Perichaetia apical. Setae elongate. Capsule 

cylindrical with swollen or tapering base, usually 

pendant; peristome double, inner peristome usually 

complete with keeled segments and cilia. Operculum convex, apiculate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

As many as 800 species have been listed for this 

cosmopolitan genus. The four species known from 

Juan Fernandez can be distinguished by the following key. 

Key to Species of B yum 

1. Leaves up to 4.5 mm long, sharply serrate distally, bordered by many rows of narrow cells .... 

B. Icchleri 

1. .2 

2. 1s 

of stems small and quadrate ............................................................................................ B. chryseum 

2. Stems and parts of leaf costae reddish; most cells of leaf bases and stem surfaces elongate..% 

3. Leaves whitish in apical half with hyaline cells; costa weak or lacking in apical 

arista ...................... 

.B. fernand.e~ambm 

............................................................................................................................................................ 

Leaves not over 1.5 mm long, entire, with border indistinct or lacking ....... 

Stems and leaves green or yellowish green; all basal cells of leaves and 

........ B. argentcum 
NUMBER 27 35 

Bryum argentsum 

Bryum argenteum Hedw., Sp. Musc. 181, 1801. [Original material: Europe, coll. Hedwig.] 

Small, whitish green plants usually 5-10 mni 

high, sparingly reddish radiculose, with stems reddish and covered with elongate epidermal cells. 

Leaves mostly ca. 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, broadly 

ovate, rather concave, often with abrupt, slender 

acumination; margins entire, erect to slightly 

recurved below; costa percurrent or rareIy slightly 

excurrent, distal part usually weak or ending near 

upper 1/4 of leaf; cells of upper lamina rhomboidal, 12-20 pm wide, ca. 75 pm long, those in upper 

1/3 hyaline; lower cells with firmer walls; basal 

cells more rectangular, 12 pm wide, 25-30 pm long, 

often reddish. Dioicous. Setae usually ca. 10 mni 

long, yellowish and becoming red when older. Cap 

sule distinctly pendulous, short-cylindrical with a 

short tapering or slightly swollen base, often reddish; peristome complete. Spores 14-18 pm in 

diameter. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon Salsipuedes, ca. 1500 ft, 

H. 6 E. 354. 

Bryum argentezim is undoubtedly the most weedy 

species of moss in the world, being known from 

almost all terrestrial regions including Greenland 

and Antartica. It is difficult to understand why 

there are no previous reports of the species from 

Juan Fernandez. 

B yum chryseum 

Bryum chryseum Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:304, 1869. [Original material: Volcitn de Fuego, Guatemala, coll. Codman 

cf. Salvin.1 

Small, yellowish green plants to 1 cm high; stems 

green, very brittle, making stripping of leaves 

impossible, surface covered with quadrate or shortrectangular cells 15-30 pm long and 20 pm wide; 

very densely foliate with crowded, spreading leaf 

tips. Leaves ca. 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 

broadly ovate base and long, slender acumination; 

margins entire, narrowly recurved; costa percurrent 

to slightly excurrent; basal 1/3 of leaf filled with 

numerous green, quadrate cells, cells ca. 15 pm 

wide, 12-15 pm long; upper cells narrowly rhomboidal to linear, 10-12 pm wide, 75-100 pm long. 

Dioicous. Setae to 20 mm long. Capsule pendulous, 

cylindrical with a tapering neck; peristome complete. 

The species was reported from Juan Fernandez 

by Bartram (1957) and had previously been known 

only from Guatemala and Mexico. I have seen 

many collections from the coastal range of Peru 

and from western Venezuela. In South America the 

species may have been confused with Haplodontium, which it superficially resembles. 

The green, brittle stems with quadrate epidermal 

cells are the most distinctive feature of the species. 

B yum fernandezianum 

Bryum jernanderianwn Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:424, 1924. [Original material: Puerto Ingles, 

Mas a Tierra, coll. C. Z I. Skottsberg, n. 189 (lectotype, 

present designation: S!).] 

Light green plants to 1 cm high, brownish radicdose below; stems reddish, covered with elongate 

cells 12 pm wide and 40-50 pm long. Leaves imbricate when dry, erect-spreading when moist, upper 

leaves larger, to 1.3 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, 

oblong, short-acuminate; margins entire, erect; 

costa thick, excurrent into a short, nearly smooth 

arista, reddish; cells of upper lamina oblonghexagonal, 10-18 pm wide, 40-50 pm long, usually 

thin-walled; basal cells more rectangular, 15-20 pm 

wide, 25-50 pm long, those at margins narrower, 

forming indistinct border. Dioicous. Sporophyte 

unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: V. Casas, Sk. 183 (S); Q. Vacas, Sk. 

I87 (S); Q. Ovalo, Sk. M113. 

MAS A TIERRA: Puerto Ingles, Sk. 189 (lectotype, 

S); Punta San Carlos, Sk. M18 (S). 

Brotherus compares the species to B. crziegeri 

Hampe, which has narrower leaf cells and seems 

better placed in Pohlia. As presently recognized, 

B. fernandezianttna is endemic to Juan Fernandez, 

but capsules are unknown and the leaves do not 

seem particularly distinctive. 

Bryum lechleri 

Bryum lechleri C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 14:416, 1856. [Original 

material: Near col. Arique, Valdivia, Chile, coll. Lechler 

PI. Chilens. I n. 6266.3 

Plants forming coarse tufts to 3 cm high, densely 

reddish radiculose; stems red, covered with elongate, narrow’cells. Leaves up to 4.5 mm long and 
36 ShlITHSONIAS CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

1.5 mm wide, often forming coma1 tufts that are 

repeated on longer stems; obovate to oblanceolate, 

narrowed in basal 1/3 with narrowly recurved 

margins, slenderly acuminate above with sharply 

serrate margins; costa long-excurrent; cells of upper 

lamina mostly rhomboidal, ca. 50 pm long, 15 pm 

wide; basal cells rectangular, thin-walled, ca. 75- 

100 pm long, 25 pm wide, 6 or more marginal rows 

of narrow, elongate cells ca. 10 pm wide and to 200 

um long. Dioicous. Setae 15-25 mm long, reddish 

brown. Capsule urn to 5 mm long, inclined to horizontal, curved with slender base; peristome complete. Spores 10-15 urn in diameter. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, near mouth, H. CL- E. 224; 

Los Innocentes, base of cliff, ca. 4000 ft. H. CL- E. 

670. 

This species, tlie only member of tlie distinctive 

subgenus roszilata in Juan Fernandez, is related to 

the widely distributed B. billardieri Schwaegr. 

(Ochi, 1970) and to B. trzincorzm of Reunion 

Island and Madagascar (Ochi, 1972). 

somewhat tapering at base of arista; margins erect 

or broadly and laxly reflexed, obscurely serrate 

near tip; costa stout, ca. 150 pm wide at base, more 

slender apically to 20 pm wide, long-excurrent in 

slightly sinuous or bent arista; most lamina cells 

rather rounded, with somewhat thickened walls, 

ca. 12-15 pm in diameter, some basal cells more 

elongate, to 30 pm; scattered, narrow, elongate 

cells along upper margin to 40 pm long. Setae to 

2 cm long, reddish brown. Capsule horizontal to 

pendant, urn to 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, cylindrical, with tapering base 1.5 mm long; outer peristome lacking, inner peristome a partly dissected 

membrane. 

MAS AFUERA: Cordon Barril, Sk. 196; trail to 

Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, H. (1. E. 248B; below 

summit of Los Innocentes, ca. 4000 ft, H. 6 E. 

485, 529. 

MAS A TIERRA: Below east face of El Yunque, 

ca. 1600 ft, H. L+ E. 321. 

The species is known only from Chile and the 

Fuegian part of Argentina. 

LEPTOSTOMATACEAE 

DIPLOSTICHACE AE 

Genus Leptostomum 

Coarse, yellowish green plants with tufts of erect 

stems, dense reddish radiculose below. Leaves laxly 

appressed or spirally twisted around stem when 

dry, erect-spreading when moist, oblong with piliferous tip; margins erect or reflexed; costa subpercurrent to excurrent, in section showing large 

stereid abaxially, 2-layered stereid adaxially; lamina cells smooth, mostly rounded-hexagonal; basal 

cells scarcely distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia apical. 

Setae elongate, smooth. Capsule erect or inclined; 

annulus lacking; peristome rudimentary. Operculum short, convex. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus is mostly Austral and Indonesian, 

with one species known from Juan Fernandez. 

Leptosfomum menziesii 

Lefitostonzirn menziesii R. Brown., Trans. Linn. SOC. London 10:321, 1811. [Original material: Staaten Id., Cape 

Horn, coll. ~Menzies.] 

Stems to 2 cm high with erect, laxly appressed, 

slightly contorted leaves when dry. Leaf laminae 

oblong, to 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, abrupt or 

Genus Dip 1 ost ichum 

Plants with slender, yellowish green branching 

stems in loose tufts, slightly radiculose at base, 

bare above. Leaves at bases of stems and branches 

small and spirally arranged; mature leaves larger, 

distichous with occasional one dorsal or ventral, 

strongly carinate with halves complicate, outline 

of folded leaf cymbiform; margins slightly to 

strongly crenulate; costa stout, excurrent in rather 

short mucro or arista, in section showing single 

central stereid; cells of lamina small, subquadrate, 

minutely papillose. Dioicous. Perichaetia lateral, 

with elongate, nonpapillose, partly ecostate leaves. 

Setae slender. Capsule urn erect or slightly curved, 

ribbed; annulus lacking; peristome single (outer 

lacking), teeth lanceolate and sometimes perforate 

in middle line, vertically striolate; operculum with 

conical base and long-rostrate tip. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The relationships of the family are worthy of 

further study. Inasmuch as the median line of the 

tooth is a guide, one can confirm that the single 

peristome is endostome as in the Haplolepideae. 

Still, the elongate branching habit of the plant, the 
NUMBER 27 37 

lateral perichaetium, and the simpler section of 

the costa all tend to confirm the placement 

of the family in the Diplolepideae near the 

Rhizogoniaceae. 

On the basis of limited review of the genus I 

refer the Juan Fernandez specimens to the following species. 

Diplostichum longirostre 

Diplostichum longirostre (Brid.) Mont., Ann. Sc. Xat. Bot. 

scr. 3, 4:117, 1845. 

Pterigynandrum Iongirostre Brid., Mant. Musc. 131, 1819. 

[Original material: Tristan da Cunha, coll. Aubert du 

Petit Thottars.] 

Eusticliia longirostris (Brid.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2:789, 1827. 

Didymodon distichus Schwaegr., Spec. Musc. Suppl. 2(2): 

110, 1827, Iiom. ilkg. [Original material: Madagascar, coll. 

Aubert du Petit Tl~ouars.] 

Diplostichum sprttceauum C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:85, 1897. 

[Original matcrial: Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador, coll. Spruce 

n. I.] 

Eztstichia spiuceana (C. Mull.) Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 153, 

1900. 

Diplosticlium distichunz Card., Rev. Bryol. 40:19, 1913. [Based 

on Didynodon distichus Schwaegr., horn, illeg.] 

Stems 1-3 cm high. Leaves to 1.2 mm long, 0.4 

mm wide, usually equally wide on both sides at 

base; margin with small projections which sometimes are double at each cell jun'cture, projections 

weaker to nearly lacking toward tip; cells of lamina 

rounded to subquadrate, ca. 10 pm in diameter, 

with rather thick walls, a few scattered, narrower 

cells along margin; basal cells up to 20 pm long. 

Perichaetia 2 mm long. Setae ca. 2 cm long, yellowish. Capsule urn to 1.2 mm long. Operculum ca. 

1.2 mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, bluff beside stream, H. dr 

E. 145, near mouth, H. CL- E. I46 part, 222. 

As delimited here the species occurs on islands 

of the South Atlantic and Indian oceans, Juan 

Fernandez, and northward in the Andes at least to 

Ecuador. While using the oldest species name in 

the genus, I nevertheless recognize some limitations. 

Without seeing more material or types I can only 

suggest the following possible alignment. Juan 

Fernandez material has weak papillae on the lamina 

and the margins are only slightly serrulate distally. 

This most closely approaches the entire-margined 

condition described by Bridel-Brideri (1827) and is 

essentially like the fruiting part of isotype material 

of D. spruceanurn C. Mull. Other South American 

material, including the nonfruiting pieces of the 

isotype of D. spruceanurn, have stronger papillae 

and more strongly papillose margins. The proper 

name for such material seems to be Diplostichum 

jamesonii (Tayl.) H. Robinson, new comb. (basionym: Cymbaria jamesonii Tayl., J. Bot. 7: 190, 1848). 

Specimens from Costa Rica (Valerio 310) and the 

Dominican Republic (Ekrnan 12006) show a 

slightly more robust plant with large, nonoverlapping leaves that are usually narrower on one side 

at the base. The only name that might represent 

this northern element is D. rniradoricum C. Mull. 

The name previously used for Juan Fernander 

material, D. poeppigii C. Mull., cannot be definitely placed without seeing type material. 

RHIZOGONIACEAE 

Genus Rhizogonium 

Slender to coarse plants with erect or arching 

stems in loose mats, densely radiculose at base. 

Leaves spirally arranged to complanate in two rows, 

broadly ovate to lanceolate; margins toothed; costa 

subpercurrent to excurrent, in section showing 2 

stereid bands and row of guide cells; cells of lamina 

small, rounded-hexagonal, smooth. Perichaetia lateral from near base, sometimes clustered, budlike. 

Setae elongate, solitary, smooth. Capsule urn elongate or ovoid, sometimes curved, smooth; annulus 

present; peristome usually complete. Operculum 

short or longrostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

Two species are known from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Rhizogonium 

Plants radially foliate; leaves spirally inserted in 219 sequence, narrowly lanceolate, costa toothed 

on back; border bistratose with double series of teeth R. mnioides 

Plants complanate; leaves mostly in tho rows, oblong-ovate or elliptical: costa smooth on back: 

border unistratose R. novae-hollundiae 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Rhizogonium mnioides 

Rkizogonium mnioides (Hook.) Wils. in Hook. f., F1. Nov. 

Zel. 2116, 1854. 

Hypnum mnioides Hook., Musci. Exot. 1:77, 1818. [Original 

material: Staaten Id., near Cape Horn, coll. Menzies, 1787.1 

Coarse, yellowish green plants usually on soil, 

with stems to 6 cm high, densely radiculose below. 

Leaves evenly and rather laxly distributed around 

stem, somewhat crisped when dry, narrowly lanceolate, to 6 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, slightly decurrent; margins thickened with double row of sharp 

teeth; costa subpercurrent; cells of upper lamina 

8-1 3 pm in diameter, rounded to subquadrate, walls 

slightly thickened especially at angles; small area 

of inner basal cells larger, to 40 pm long, to 15 pm 

wide. Dioicous. Perichaetia with long, setaceous 

bracts. Setae to 4 cm long, reddish. Capsule urn ca. 

2.0 mm long, ovoid, rather curved, horizontal; 

peristome complete. Spores 16-20 pm in diameter. 

Operculum conic-rostrate. 

MAS AFUERA: (2. Casas, H. Q E. 40b, 125,’571, 

788; trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, H. clr E. 

45IB. 

The species is known also from southern South 

America northward in the mountains to Colombia 

and Costa Rica, and from Australia, Tasmania, 

and New Zealand. 

Rhizogonium nouae-hollandiae 

Rhizogonium novae-hollandiae (Brid.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 

2:664, 1827. 

Fissidens novae-kollandiae Brid., Bot. Zeit. Regensburg 1:212, 

234. 1802. [Original material: Nova Hollandia, coll. La 

Billardiere, 1791-1794.1 

Plants usually on humus or bark, with stems to 

2 cm high. Leaves of mature stems usually distichous, becoming incurved or secund when dry, 

oblong-ovate to elliptical, ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm 

wide; margin plane, unistratose, strongly serrate 

in distal half; costa percurrent or subpercurrent 

into a short, sharp acumination, smooth abaxially; 

cells of lamina rounded-hexagonal, ca. 15-20 pm 

in diameter, walls somewhat thickened; a few basal 

cells narrow and elongate, to 40 pm long. Dioicous. 

Perichaetia basal, long with long-tipped, narrowcelled leaves. Setae 1-2 cm long, reddish. Capsule 

to 2 mm long, oblong with tapering neck, inclined 

to horizontal. Spores 12-16 pm in diameter. Operculum with short beak. 

MAS A TIERRA: Salsipuedes, 660 m, Sk. 190 (S). 

The species is known from Australia, Tasmania, 

New Zealand, the East Indies, Juan Fernandez, and 

Patagonia. The material from Patagonia and Juan 

Fernandez has been placed in a variety patagonicum 

Card. & Broth. which was noted for “folia superne 

argute serrata, nervo superne tenuiore.” 

AULACOMNIACEAE 

Genus Leptotheca 

Plants yellowish green with slender, erect stems, 

sometimes reddish radiculose at base. Leaves laxly 

erect-spreading when moist, becoming slightly incurved when dry, laxly imbricate, oblong, rather 

strongly keeled; margins slightly recurved; costa 

short-excurrent, in section showing 2 stereids, with 

distinct epidermal cells; cells of lamina smooth, 

mostly rounded-hexagonal; basal cells more quadrate. Axillary propagula common. Dioicous. Perichaetia apical. Setae elongate, smooth. Capsule 

erect, ribbed; annulus broad; peristome double, 

teeth papillose, cilia short. Operculum prominently 

convex. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The following species is provisionally reported 

from the islands. 

Leptotheca gaudichaudii 

Leptotheca gaudickaudii Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 2 (1): 

135, 1824. [Original material: Near Port Jackson, New 

South Wales, coll. Caudichaud, 1817-1820.1 

Leptotheca spegazzini C. Mull., Flora 68:398, 1895. [Original 

material: Ushuaia, Fuegia, coll. Spegazzini, May 1882.1 

Stems in lax tufts, to 2 cm high. Leaves 24 mm 

long, 0.5 mm wide, scarcely imbricate, oblonglanceolate; distal margin with very small or sometimes very large, sharp teeth; costa ca. 75 pm wide 

at base, smooth abaxially, excurrent, ca. 150 pm in 

short, stout arista; cells of lamina irregularly isodiametric, mostly 10-14 pm in diameter, walls 

unevenly thickened; very few elongate cells at base 

by costa; most of leaf base with many rows of 

smaller subquadrate cells ca. 8-10 pm in diameter. 

Setae 2-3 cm long. Capsule urn 3-4 mm long, very 

slender. Spores 10-16 pm in diameter. 
NUMBER 27 39 

MAS A TIERRA: Ridge between Q. Piedra and 

Q. Laura, 650 m, Sk. 398 part. 

The species is known from southern South America, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. It is 

reported from Juan Fernandez on the basis of a 

few loose stems mixed in a collection of Hypnum 

Zechleri C. Mull. The stems might represent a contaminant and the record thus based might be 

spurious; nevertheless, the species is to be expected 

on Juan Fernandez. An attempt to examine a duplicate collection from Stockholm failed since, 

apparently, only a label without a specimen of this 

collection was retained there. 

BARTRAMIACE AE 

Genus AnacoZia 

Rather coarse plants with erect stems in loose or 

dense tufts, often densely reddish radiculose below, 

primary stems sometimes creeping. Leaves imbricated, closely appressed when dry, erect or recurved 

when moist, narrowly lanceolate, strongly serrate 

in distal half, margins revolute in basal half; costa 

strong, percurrent, in section showing 2 stereids 

with upper one usually small; upper leaf lamina 

sometimes bistratose; upper cells small, linear to 

quadrate, usually papillose on one or both ends or 

over the lumens; outer basal cells usually quadrate. 

Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, leaves not very distinct, with 1-3 innovations. Setae solitary, 2-15 mm 

long. Capsule globose, sometimes becoming shortly 

and broadly cylindrical, erect; mouth small, peristome rudimentary or lacking. Operculum lowconvex. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus has been monographed by Flowers 

(1952). Only one species is reported from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Anacolia luevkphaera 

Anacolia laevisphaera (Tayl.) Flow. in Grout, Moss F1. N. 

Am. 2:155, 1935. 

Glyphocarpa laevisphaera Tayl., London J. Bot. 5:56, 1846. 

[Original material: Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador, coll. W. Jarneson, Sept. 1826.1 

Bartramia subsessilis Tayl., London J. Bot. 6:334, 1847. [Original material: ,Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador, COIL W. Jameson, 

Nov. 1846.1 

Glyphocarpa taylorii Hampe, Flora 45:453, 1862, nont. illeg. 

incl. sp. prior. [Original material: Los Laches, Bogota, 

Colombia, 2800 m, coll. Lindig, 1859-1861.1 

Anacolia abyssinica Schimp., Syn. ed. 2, 514, 1876. [Original 

material: Semen, Abyssinia, COIL W. Schirnper.] 

Plants yellowish green, brown below, with stems 

1-5 cm high. Leaves erect when dry, slightly erectspreading when moist, mostly ca. 4 mm long, up to 

0.5 mm wide at base, narrowly lanceolate; margins 

narrowly recurved below, sharply serrate above; 

costa percurrent to short-excurrent, ending in sharp 

point, bearing some teeth laterally and abaxially 

near tip, in section partially merging into bi- or 

tri-stratose lamina in distal half; cells of upper 

lamina short-rectangular, small, ca. 5 vm wide, 

7-15 pm long, papillose at lower or both ends; 

inner basal cells longer, to 75 pm long with papilla 

at base adaxially; many rows of subquadrate cells 

along basal margin that are ca. 10 pm wide and 

15 pm long. Setae to 1 cm long, reddish brown. 

Capsule 2-3 mm in diameter, rugulose when dry. 

Spores 23-28 pm in diameter, coarsely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. 6. E. 116, 726; Q. 

Blindado, H. 6. E. 239; Q. Mono, ca. 600 ft, H. & E. 

621. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon Salsipuedes, ca. 1800 ft. 

H. 6. E. 388; Portezuelo (Mirador), 500 m, K. 

308/27 (B); Cordon rechts v. Yunque, 600 m. K. 

313/6c (B); Camote, 500-550 m, K. 326/13. 

The species is known from southwestern United 

States, Mexico, and Central America, in the Andes 

from Venezuela to Chile, and from Abyssinia and 

India. Chilean material under the name Bartramia 

ambigua Mont. is strikingly similar but seems to 

differ in setae being 1-2 cm long and capsules 

being clearly striated. 

Genus Bartramia 

Small to large plants with erect stems in loose 

or dense tufts, sometimes reddish radiculose below. 

Leaves appressed or crisped when dry, erect or 

recurved when moist; blade lanceolate from an 

ovate base or abruptly narrowed from a rectangular, hyaline sheathing base; upper margin slightly 

to strongly serrate; costa subpercurrent to excurrent, usually filling half or more of subula, in 

section showing 2 stereids with upper stereid sometimes weak; cells of upper lamina short- to longrectangular, papillose at each end, papillae of adja- 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

cent cells forming distinct pairs; cells of leaf base cal, usually drying narrower and more strongly 

elongate, more or less hyaline; alar cells not differ- ribbed with mouth more to one side and conentiated. Pericliaetia terminal with single inno- stricted; peristome double, single, or lacking. Opervations, leaves usually not differentiated, rarely culum low-convex. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

pericliaetial or perigonial leaves with very attenuate The following two species are known from Juan 

and less papillose subulae. Setae solitary, 3-20 mm Fernandez. Both are easily distinguished from 

long. Capsules globose to oval, slightly asymmetri- Anacolia by their sheathing, liyaline leaf bases. 

Key to Species of Bartramia 

Dioicous; costa rather prominent on back of most leaies, costa in section with well-developed 

B. aristata 

Synoicous; back of leaf rounded with costa not usually mident, costa in section with weakly 

B. patens 

abaxial stereid band (50 or more cells in mature leaves) 

developed abaxial stereid band (20 cells or less) 

Bartramia aristata 

Ba~tmtnia aristata Schimp. ex C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 20:338, 

1862. [Original material: Cordillera de Rauco, near Arique, 

coll. Lechler, Mar. 1854.1 

Bnrtratnin femandezinnn Card. in Ther., Receuil Publ. SOC. 

Havraisc, Etud. Div. 88:33, 1921. [Original material: Mas 

a Tierra, coll. Bertero, May 1830 (PC!).] 

Plants yellowish green, brownish below, in tufts 

to 3 cm high. Leaves mostly 6-7 mm long, sometimes broken at top of sheathing base; erect base 

obovate, to 1.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; inner cells 

hyaline or slightly yellowish, linear, 7-10 pm wide, 

75-150 pm long, inner cells of shoulder mostly 

rectangular, 10 X 25 pm, with firm walls, marginal 

cells of shoulder and below usually very narrow, 

5-7 pm wide, to 60 pm long, thin-walled, hyaline; 

leaf blade usually strongly squarrose, linearlanceolate; margins erect, sharply serrate; tip 

rather aristate with sharp teeth on edges and back; 

costa usually prominent abaxially, in section showing well-developed abaxial stereid with 50 cells or 

more in most leaves; cells of lamina narrowly rectangular, 5-7 pm wide, 20-30 pm long, papillose; 

cells near apex longer and more pointed, abaxial 

cells near tip very sharply projecting at distal ends. 

Dioicous. Perigonial and pericliaetial leaves not 

particularly elongate. Setate 5-12 mm long. Capsule 

urn ca. 1.5 mm long, ovoid, inclined, ribbed when 

dry; lower exotliecial cells 40-50 pm in diameter, 

some to 75 pm long, many upper exothecial cells 

30-40 pm in diameter; peristome double. Spores 

ellipsoidal, ca. 20 pm in diameter, rough, with 

large, round papillae. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Blindado, H. dr E. 88; trail to 

Los Innocentes, ca. 3900 ft, H. Q E. 568; Camp 

Correspondencia, 3300-3800 ft, H. clr E. 422b; M. 

9403. 

MAS A TIERRA: Without precise locality, Bertero, 

May 1830 (type of Bavtmrnia fernandeziana, PC). 

The species is known only from Chile and the 

Fuegian part of Argentina. It is most easily distinguished from B. patens by having a more prominent costa and stronger serrations. 

Through the kindness of the staff of the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie in Paris I have been able 

to borrow a portion of the type of B. fernandeziana. 

The plants seem very stunted, with narrow bases 

on the leaves. Costae are rather prominent but have 

only about 30 cells in the abaxial stereicls. Similarlooking leaves are seen on poorly developed parts 

of specimens of B. aristata. There is no indication 

of particularly fragile leaf tips, though Theriot 

(1 92 1) places the species close to B. fragilifolia 

(= B. potosiccl Mont.). 

Bartramia patens 

Bnrtrntnin patens Brid., MUSC. Rec. 2 (3):134, 1803. [Original 

ni a teri a1 : Magellan Straits, coll . Con1 rnerson .] 

nnrtratnia ditiiittutiua C. Mull,, Bot. Jahrb. 5:79, 1883. [Original material: Kerguelcn, coll. Nanmnn, 1874-1875.1 

Zjnrtmmin pyoiocolen C. Mull. in Scum., Deutsch. Exp. Int. 

Polarforsch. 2:304, 1890. [Original material: Hochthal iiber 

dem oberen TVhalerthal, South Georgia, coll. Will, 1882- 

1883.1 

Bnrtmmin szt6pnterzs C. Mull. in Scum., Deutsch. Exp. Int. 

Polarforsch. 2:304, 1890, hom. illeg. [Original material: 

IVhalcr Ray, South Georgia, coll. Will, 1882-1883.1 

Zjnrtrntiiin orendella C. Mull. in Neum., Deutsch. Exp. Int. 
NUMBER 27 41 

Polarforsch. 2:305, 1890. [Original material: Whalerthal, 

South Georgia, coll. Will, 1882-1883.1 

Plants yellowish green, brownish below, in tufts 

to 2 cm high. Leaves mostly 4-5 mm long, often 

becoming detached whole from stem; erect base 

obovate, ca. 1 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; inner cells 

usually yellowish, linear, 7-10 pm wide, 75-175 pm 

long; inner cells of shoulder mostly rectangular, 

10 X 25 pm with firm walls; marginal cells to above 

shoulders very narrow, ca. 5 pm wide, to 75 pm 

long, thin-walled, hyaline; blade erect to slightly 

squarrose, lanceolate; margin erect, weakly serrulate to subentire; costa rather obscure, not prominent 

abaxially, in section with very poorly developed 

stereid of 20 cells or less; cells of lamina narrowly 

rectangular, ca. 7 pm wide, 25-40 pm long, papillose; cells near apex less rectangular, generally 

longer. Synoicous. Perichaetial leaves not particularly elongate. Setae 5-15 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 

1.5 mm long, ovoid, inclined, ribbed when dry; 

exothecial cells mostly 50-60 pm in diameter, some 

to 75 pm long; peristome double. Spores ellipsoidal, ca. 30 pm long, very minutely papillose or 

ridged. 

The species has been reported from Juan Fernandez by Brotherus (1924) but no material has 

been seen. The species is known from the Straits 

of Magellan, Fuegia, South Georgia, the Antarctic 

Peninsula, and Kerguelen. Both this species and 

the preceding one are notable for enlarged exothecia1 cells, but in this species such cells are larger 

near the mouth of the capsule. 

Genus Philonotis 

Small to large, light yellowish green plants with 

erect stems in loose or dense tufts, usually reddish 

radiculose below. Leaves usually imbricated, 

appressed when dry, sometimes laxly contorted, 

spreading when moist, lanceolate to oblong; margins serrate; apices obtuse to slenderly acuminate; 

costa rather slender, ending below apex to excurrent, in section showing 2 rather weak stereids; 

cells of upper lamina linear to laxly rectangular, 

lower cells usually larger; cells on basal margins 

often small and quadrate; cells usually papillose at 

ends, sometimes papillose at centers. Perichaetia 

terminal, usually with numerous innovations in a 

whorl; perichaetial bracts often longer and more 

attenuate than leaves. Setae solitary, slender, 10-30 

mm long. Capsules globose to oval, usually more 

slender, strongly ribbed and constricted below 

mouth when dry, usually asymmetrical with mouth 

distinctly turned to one side when dry; peristome 

double, complete. Operculum low-convex to conical. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The following four species have been reported 

from Juan Fernandez. Three of these species with 

others of Argentina are covered in the recent treatment by Matteri (1968). 

Key to Species of Philonotis 

1. Leaves bordered with 3-5 rows of narrow cells: robust plants with leaves mostly 25 mm 

long P. vagans 

1. Leaves rtithout distinct border of narroic. cells; smaller plants with leaves 1.0-1.5 mm long 2 

2. Cells of lamina mostly subquadrate with a large central papilla on both surfaces 

P. scabrifolia 

2. 3 

3. Cells of lamina scarcely papillose, those at base smooth P. glabrata 

3 Cells of lamina strongly papillose P. krausei 

Cells of lamina mostly elongate with papillae at ends 

Philonotis glabrata erect when dry, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, - 

ovate-lanceo~ate to narrowly ianceolate; margins 

erect or very slightly recurved in middle, singly 

serrulate distally; costa thick, excurrent in short, 

serrulate arista, serrulate abaxially toward tip; cells 

Philonotis glabrata Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:426, 1924. [Original material: Pangal, Mas a 

Tierra, coll. C. G I. Skottsberg n. 363 [S!).] 

Slender, densely tufted, light green plants with of upper lamina narrowly rectangular, 10 pm wide, 

sparsely branching stems to 3 cm high, reddish mostly ca. 40 pm long, most with only small papilradiculose below. Leaves erect-spreading, more lae which are at distal ends on adaxial surface and 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

at basal ends on abaxial surface; basal cells 12-18 

pm wide, 25-40 pm long, rather lax, mostly smooth; 

3-4 rows of laxly quadrate to short-oblong alar cells, 

12-15 pm wide, 12-20 pm long, marginal cells 

rather crenulate. Dioicous. Sporophytes unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Near Pangal, 45 m, Sk. 363 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. Additional specimens are needed 

for proper evaluation. 

(type, S). 

Philonotis krausei 

Philonotis krausei (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1 (3):648, 1904. 

Bartramia krausei C. Mull., Linnaea 38:595, 1874. [Original 

material: Valdivia, Chile, coll. Krause, 1874.1 

Philonotis krauseana Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2426, 1924, nom. illeg. 

Slender, often densely tufted, yellowish green 

plants with sparsely branching stems to 3 cm high, 

reddish radiculose below. Leaves erect-spreading to 

slightly secund, scarcely changed when dry, mostly 

1.3 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, lanceolate from a 

broadly ovate base, slenderly acuminate; margins 

narrowly recurved with 2-3 rows of serrations; 

costa stout, 40 pm wide at base, excurrent into serrate arista, serrate abaxially toward tip; cells of 

upper lamina narrowly rectangular, ca. 7 pm wide, 

25-30 pm long; inner basal cells larger, to 12 pm 

wide, some above base to 60 pm long, toward lower 

margin narrower, a few subquadrate cells ca. 15 X 

20 pm in basal angle; cells of lamina with papilla 

at distal end on adaxial surface and at lower end 

abaxially. Dioicous. Perigonia gemmiform. Setae 

30 mm long, reddish. Capsule oblique, rather ovoid; 

urn 2.5-3.0 mm long, more ribbed when dry. Spores 

elliptical, ca. 22 pm long, with large papillae. 

MAS AFUERA: Below summit of Los Innocentes, 

ca. 4000 ft, H. & E. 498B, 499B. 

The species is rather common in southern Chile 

and Argentina and has been reported from both 

Mas Afuera and Mas a Tierra. 

Philonotis scabrifolia 

Philonotis scabrifolia (Hook. f. & Wils.) Braithw., Brit. Moss 

Fl. 2:215, 1893. 

Hypnum scabrifolium Hook. f. & Wils., London J. Bot. 

3:552, 1844. [Original material: Lord Auckland Isl., coll. 

J. D. Hooker, 1859-1843.1 

Bartramia appressa Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Nov. Zel. 289, 1854. 

[Original material: Falls of Waitangi, Bay of Islands, 

North Island, New Zealand, coll. J. D. Hooker, 1839- 

1843.1 

Bartramia pusilla Sull., Kew J. Bot. 2316, 1850, horn. illeg. 

[Original material: Vic. Orange Harbor, Tierra del Fuego, 

COIL Wilkes Exp., 1838-1842.1 

Bartramia hymenodon C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 17:220, 1859. [Original material: Olifantshoek, Cape of Good Hope, South 

Africa, coll. Ecklon.] 

Bartramia exigua Sull. in Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exp. 11, 8C, 

1859, nom. nov. 

Bartramia remotifolia Hook f. & Wils., F1. Tasman. 2:193, 

1859. [Original material: Gullies Road, Brown’s River, 

Tasmania, coll. Oldfield.] 

Bartramia catenulata Hampe, Linnaea 30:631, 1860. [Original 

material: Mt. Cobboras, 6000 ft, Australia, coll. F. Muller.] 

Bartramia willii C. Mull. in Neum., Deutsch. Exp. Int. Polarforsch. 2:306, 1890. [Original material: High plateau, South 

Georgia, coll. Will, 1882-1883.1 

Bartramia ventanae C. Mull., Hedwigia 36:98, 1897. [Original 

material: Sierra Ventana, Patagonia, Argentina, coll. G. 

Lorentz, Feb. 1881.1 

Bartramia pinnulata C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser., 

4:44, 1897. [Original material: Near Choquecamata, Cochabamba, Bolivia, coll. P. Cermain, 1889.1 

Slender, whitish to pale green plants 1.0-2.0 cm 

high, almost always dendroid with subforal innovations on both male and female plants, reddish 

radiculose below. Leaves erect-spreading, more 

appressed when dry; stem leaves mostly 1 mm long, 

0.5 mm wide, lanceolate from a broadly ovate base, 

slenderly acuminate; branch leaves ca. 0.4 mm 

long, 1.5 mm wide, lanceolate; margins of stem 

leaves in lower part prominently crenulate with 

pairs of projecting cell ends, in upper part narrowly recurved; margins of branch leaves erect; 

costae 40 pm wide at base, percurrent or excurrent 

into serrulate arista, serrulate abaxially toward tip; 

lamina cells mostly subquadrate to short-rectangular, 

8-10 pm wide, 8-20 pm long, with large central 

papillae on both surfaces; inner basal cells to 30 

pm long. Dioicous. Perigonia disciform. Setae 1 .O2.5 cm long, reddish. Capsule urn 2-3 mm long, 

oval-oblong, rather oblique, more ribbed and sometimes curved when dry. Spores elliptical, ca. 25 pm 

long, with large papillae. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. & E. 155, 571; near 

Camp Correspondencia, ca. 3800 ft, H. 6. E. 4224, 

738b; Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 4000 ft, 

H. 6. E. 499B, 577. 

The species is known from South Africa, Marion 

and Kerguelen Islands, East Australia, Tasmania, 
NUMBER 27 43 

New Zealand, Tristan da Cunha, and in the area 

of southern South America north to Colombia and 

Mexico. The species has been reported from both 

Mas Afuera and Mas a Tierra. 

Philonotis vagans 

Philonotis vagans (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC. 

Bot. 4:80, 1859. 

Bryum vagans Hook. f. & Wils., London J. Bot. 3:946, 1844. 

[Original material: Hermite Id., Cape Horn, coll. J. D. 

Hooker.] 

Pale, yellowish green plants becoming brown 

below, with stems sparsely branching in loose tufts 

to 8 cm high. Leaves erect-spreading, unchanged 

when dry, ca. 2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, ovate, 

slenderly acuminate; margins erect, sharply, singly 

serrate in distal half; costa slender, ca. 50 ym wide, 

usually percurrent into acumination, sometimes 

shorter; cells of lamina laxly rhomboidal; upper 

cells 20-25 pm broad, 50-75 pm long, lower cells 

to 150 pm long; cells nearly all smooth but reflecting light as though slightly bulging at ends, a few 

uppermost cells projecting at upper ends; 2-4 rows 

of marginal cells elongate, 5-7 pm wide, forming a 

border; a single row of short, marginal, inflated 

cells at base, lowermost to 40 pm wide. Dioicous. 

Perigonia disciform. Setae to 60 mm long, reddish. 

Capsule horizontal, globose, to 6 mm long, becoming ovoid, ribbed and curved when dry. Spores ca. 

25 pm in diameter, with very large papillae. 

MAS A FUERA: Q. Loberia, C. &- I. Skottsberg n. 

291 part (S). 

The species is known from southern South America, South Georgia, and Tristan da Cunha. Even 

sterile, the species is very distinct from all others 

of the genus, but plants might easily be mistaken 

for a very robust Mniobryum. 

Genus Breutelia 

Rather coarse plants with erect stems usually in 

loose tufts. Leaves usually rather erect or recurved, 

spreading when moist or dry; blade narrowly to 

broadly lanceolate; base broadly ovate to rectangular, sometimes strongly clasping the stem, more or 

less longitudinally plicate; costa rather narrow, 

subpercurrent to shortly excurrent, with 2 usually 

rather weak stereids; cells of upper lamina usually 

linear with papillae at distal ends on adaxial surface and on lower ends abaxially; cells of leaf base 

often longer and somewhat porose; few to many 

rows of enlarged, thin-walled cells at basal angle 

or along lower margins. Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, bracts not greatly differentiated, usually 

with numerous innovations in a whorl. Setae solitary, 4-20 mm long. Capsule globose to cylindrical, 

narrower and more ribbed when dry, erect to pendant, symmetrical except in some with long necks; 

peristome double, cilia rudimentary. Operculum 

nearly flat with small apiculus. 

The following two species are known from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Breutelia 

Upper leaf cells 25-60 Frn long, lumens narrow with lateral walls very 

..B. masajuerae 

Upper leaf cells 19-30 pm long, distinctly narrowly rectangular with equally slightly thickened 

walls , , .. . . . . . , , , . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . , , . . , . . , , , . . , , , . , . , , , , . , , . , , , , , . . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , , , .. . , . , , .. , , , , . .. . , . .. . .B. subplicata 

....,................................................................................................................ .. ..... 

Breutelia masafuerae 

Breutelia masafuerae Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:427, 1924. [Original material: Camp Corresspondencia, 1350 m, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 366.1 

Breutelia subplicata var. masafuerae (Broth.) Matteri, Rev. 

Mus. Argent. Cienc. Sat. Bern. Rivadav. 4 (4):345, 1973. 

Yellowish green plants, with sparsely branching 

stems to 8 cm high, not tomentose below. Leaves 

4-5 mm long; base pbtrapezoidal, closely sheathing 

the stem, ca. 0.9 mm long and 1.0 mm wide, with 

distinct large plications; blade narrowly lanceolate 

with slender, flexuous tip, plicate, sharply spreading from base; margins slightly recurved at least 

near shoulders, slightly serrulate above; costa percurrent to distinctly excurrent, nearly smooth 

abaxially; cells of lamina 7 pm wide, 25-60 pm 

long, lumens narrow with lateral walls very thickened and porose, not papillose; inner basal cells 

slightly narrower and less porose, 50-100 pm long; 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

46 rows of cells along basal margin more hyaline, 

thinner-walled, rectangular, mostly 10-12 pm wide, 

25-30 pm long. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 

4000 ft, H. 6 E. 394. 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Mas Afuera. Relationship is very close to B. subplicata but reduction to varietal status in the recent 

treatment of the southern South American species 

by Matteri (1973a) seems unnecessary. The longer, 

smooth, porose leaf cells described by Brotherus 

seem quite distinctive. Also, the leaves seem generally longer and the stems less tomentose. 

Breutelia subplicata 

Breutelia subplicata Broth. in Ther., Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 

15:38, 191 1. [Original material: Valdivia, Chile, coll.?] 

Yellowish green plants, with sparsely branching 

stems to 10 cm high, reddish radiculose below. 

Leaves ca. 3.5 mm long: base obtrapezoidal, closely 

sheathing, ca. 0.7 mm long, to 1.0 mm wide, with 

distinct, large plications: blade narrowly lanceolate 

with slender, flexuous tip, sharply squarrosespreading from base: margins recurved at shoulders, 

serrulate above and more serrate on the slender 

tip: costa percurrent to distinctly excurrent, with 

prominent papillae at upper ends of abaxial cells, 

smooth in lower 1/4; cells of lamina narrowly 

rectangular, 5 pm wide, 15-30 pm long, papillae 

sometimes at lower ends on adaxial surface: inner 

basal cells to 75 pm long and 5 pm wide, smooth 

on adaxial surface: 4-5 rows of thin-walled, hyaline, 

rectangular cells along basal margins, ca. 30 pm 

long, 8-10 pm wide. Setae 1.5-2.0 mm long. Capsule subsphaerical, ca. 2.5 mm long, inclined. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. G E. 117, 339; Camp 

Correspondencia, 3800 ft, H. & E. 421, 793. 

The species is known only from southern Chile 

and Mas Afuera. Although not previously reported 

for Juan Fernandez, B. subplicata proves to be the 

commoner of the two species of Byeutelia on the 

islands. 

ORTHOTRICHACEAE 

Genus Zygodon 

Erect, often epiphytic plants in dense cushions, 

with prominent reddish tomentum in older parts. 

Leaves usually erect-appressed or contorted when 

dry, erect or squarrose-spreading when moist, 

oblong or lanceolate, sharply keeled; costa usually 

subpercurrent: upper cells of lamina small, rounded, with somewhat thickened walls. Axillary propagula common. Perichaetia terminal. Setae elongate, 

usually yellow. Capsules erect, distinctly ribbed: 

peristome usually double with broad, pale, and 

densely papillose outer teeth. Calyptra cucullate, 

bare. 

The genus has been monographed on a worldwide basis by Malta (1926). The following three 

species are known from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Zygodon 

1. Leaves in 5 distinct ranks; leaf blades lanceolate with slender tips, sharply spreading from a 

distinct sheathing base; costa percurrent Z. pentastichus 

1. Leaves not distinctly ranked; leaf blades oblong with broadly acute tips, leaf bases not dis2 

2 Leaf cells papillose, basal cells scarcely differentiated Z. intermedius 

2. Leaf cells smooth, basal cells somewhat elongate Z. menxiesii 

tinctly sheathing; costa ending below apex 

A fourth species, 2. obovalis Mitt., described Zygodon brownii Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 4:317b, 1842. 

[Original material: Tasmania, coll. R. Brown, 1801-1803.1 

Zygodon brachyodus C. Mull. & Hampe, Linnaea 28:210, 

1856. [Original material: Sealers Cove, Victoria, Australia, 

coll. F. Muller, 1855.3 

Zygodon afinis Doz. & Molk. ex Bosch & Lac., Bryol. Jav. 

1 :107, 1859. [Original material: Java.] 

Zygodon kraussei Lor., Moosstud. 162, 1864. [Original material: Near Valdivia, Chile, coll. Krause.] 

from Mas a Tierra, remains unidentifiable (Malta, 

1926: 139). 

Zygodon intermedius 

Zygodon intermedius B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 3:41, 1838. [Original 

material: New Zealand, coll. J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843.1 
NUMBER 27 45 

Zygodon nanus C. Mull., Hedwigia 37: 135, 1898. [Original 

material: Greymouth, South Id., New Zealand, coll. Helms, 

1 888 .] 

Zygodon hynzenodonlioides C. Mull., Hedwigia 373135, 1898, 

hom. illeg. [Original material: Moe River, Gippsland, 

Victoria, Australia, coll. Luehmann, 1881.1 

Zygodon gracilicauh C. Mull., Hedwigia 373135, 1898. [Original material: Greymouth, South Id., New Zealand, coll. 

Helms, 1885.1 

Zygodon citrvicntilis Dus., Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patag. 

8:84, 1003. [Original material: Rio Chico, Patagonia, coll. 

J. B. Hatcher, 1896-1897.1 

Zygodoii pnnget.nngensis Fleisch., Musci F1. niiitenzorg 2:395, 

1904. [Original material: Pangerango, 2700 m, Wcst Java, 

coll. Fleisch.er.1 

Zygodon stresrmnnnii Herr., Hedwigia 57:233, 1916. [Original 

material: Gunung Pinaia, Central Ceram, Indonesia, coll. 

Stresemnnn .] 

Zygodon cornniensis Herz., niblioth. not. 85:63, 1916. [Original matcrial: Above Coranital, ca. 2600 m, Bolivia, coll. 

Herzog n. 3413, 1911 (JE).] 

Zygodon trnnsrinnliensis Rehm. ex Sim, Trans. R. SOC. S. Afr. 

15:27 I, 192F. [Original material: Lechlaba, Houtbosch, 

Transvaal, coll. Rehninnn, Musci austro-afric. n. 500.1 

Yellowish green plants with clustered, slender, 

erect stems usually ca. 5 mm high, sparingly 

branched. Leaves not ranked, erect-spreading from 

the base when moist, somewhat contorted when 

dry, to 1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, narrowly oblong 

with short-acute apex, usually apiculate with a 

sharp apical cell; costa ending 10 or more cells 

below apex; cells of lamina 7-10 pm in diameter, 

mostly rounded with rather thickened walls, finely 

and distinctly pluripapillose; inner basal cells 

somewhat larger, to 15 pm long, to 12 pm wide, 

smooth. Propagula mostly 3-celled. Dioicous. Setae 

yellow, 5-7 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 1.5 mm long. 

Spores 13-18 pm in diameter, papillose. 

MAS A TIERRA: NEslope Cerro Piramide, 350- 

450 m. Sk. M33 part (S); Cumberland Bay, El Pangal, SW. M53 (S); Cordon rechts v. Yunque, 600 m, 

K. 313111b; Wand Damajuana, K. 317111~. 

The species is known from Cameroon and Abyssinia south in Africa, from India, Ceylon, Indonesia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and South 

America north to Bolivia. 

Zygodon menziesii 

Zygodon menziesii (Schwaegr.) Arnott, Mem. SOC. Linn. 

Paris 5:233, 1827. 

Codonoblephnron menziesii Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 2 (1): 

142, 1824. [Original material: New Zealand, coll. Menzies.] 

Zygodon drztmmondii Tayl., London J. Bot. 5:46, 1846. [Original material: Swan River, West Australia, coll. J. Drummond , 1 829-1 845 .] 

Bryum oamarztense R. Brown ter., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 

31 :447, 1899. [Original material: New Zealand, near 

Oamaru, coll. R. Brown ter., Nov. 1897.1 

Pale to dark green plants, with clustered, slender, 

erect, sparingly branched stems usually ca. 5 mm 

high. Leaves not ranked, erect-spreading from the 

base when moist, somewhat contorted when dry, 

to nearly 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, oblong with 

short-acute apex, usually short-apiculate; costa ending 3-5 cells below leaf tip; cells of upper lamina 

mostly 10-12 pm in diameter, in longitudinal and 

oblique rows, usually obliquely elongated, rather 

thin-walled, smooth; inner basal cells enlarged, 

liyaline, 25-50 pm long, 20 pm wide, narrower, 

more elongate cells toward basal margin. Propagula 

mostly 4-6-celled, Dioicous. Setae reddish brown 

when mature, 5-10 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 1.5 

mm long. Spores 13-17 pm in diameter, nearly 

smooth. 

MAS A TIERRA: Valle Anson, near Plazoleta, 260 

m, Sk. 371 (S). 

The species is known from Australia, Tasmania, 

New Zealand, and Chile. 

Zygodon pentastichus 

Zygodon pentastichus (Mont.) C. Mull., Syn. 1:675, 1849. 

A?ilacomniztnz pentastichum Mont., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. ser. 3, 

4:103, 1845. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. C. 

Zygodon ztncinatzts Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:234, 1869. 

[Original material: Chiloe Id., Chile, coll. Lobb.] 

Brownish green plants, with creeping stems giving rise to erect branches 1-2 cm long, branches 

with terminal perichaetia and frequent innovations. 

Leaves in 5 distinct ranks, spreading when dry or 

sharply squarrose-recurved from sheathing base 

when moist, 3.0-3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, blade 

lanceolate with a slenderly acute tip; costa percurrent or subpercurrent; cells of upper lamina ca. 

10 pm wide, 10-25 pm long, very thick-walled with 

lumens rounded to elliptical, surface finely pluripapillose; cells of sheathing base smooth, elongate 

to 65 pm long, forming streaks consisting of lines 

of thin-walled, Iiyaline cells and intervening lines 

of tliick-walled, reddish cells. Dioicous. Setae yeIlowish, to 10 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 2 mm long. 

Spores 26 pm in diameter, rough. 

Gay.] 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

MAS AFUERA: Near Camp Correspondencia, 3800 

ft, H. drE. 114; Los Innocentes, trail to ca. 3000 ft, 

H. & E. 248, 581; below summit, ca. 4000 ft, H. dr 

E. 529; 4000-5000 ft, H. dr E. 792; south summit, 

1300 m, I. 37391, 37416. 

The species is known from Juan Fernandez, 

mainland Chile, Patagonia, and northward to 

southern Peru. The species is very distinctive and 

is often placed in a separate genus, Stenomitrium. 

Genus Ulota 

Plants usually epiphytic with stems erect in dense 

tufts to 5 mm high, with indistinct tomentum in 

older parts. Leaves crisped or rarely appressed when 

dry, erect-spreading when moist, lanceolate from 

an obovate base; margins entire; costa subpercurrent; cells of upper lamina small, rounded, with 

rather thickened walls; inner basal cells usually 

linear with thick walls; lower borders with many 

rows of quadrate cells. Perichaetia terminal. Setae 

short, slender. Capsules erect, distinctly ribbed; 

stomata phaneropore, near base of urn; peristome 

double with broad, pale, densely papillose outer 

teeth. Calyptra mitrate, often hairy. 

The South American species have been treated 

by Malta (1929). The following two species have 

been reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Ulota 

.................................................................................... 

Ulota fernandeziana 

Ulota fcrnandeziana Malta, Act. Hort. Bot. Univ. Latv. 2:202, 

1927. [Original material: Cordon de Borril, Mas Afuera, 

coll. C. 6. I. Skottsberg n. 165, 1917 (SI).] 

Plants brownish below, yellowish green above, to 

5 mm high. Leaves linear-lanceolate from an 

obtrapezoidal base; margins entire; costa subpercurrent; lower margins with 10 or more rows of 

quadrate, hyaline cells having thicker transverse 

walls; cells of upper lamina thick-walled, ca. 11 pm 

in diameter, weakly papillose. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves a little larger than stem leaves. Setae 

yellow, to 4.5 mm high. Capsule yellowish, constricted under mouth when dry; endostome segments 8, slender, weakly papillose. Spores ca. 36 pm 

in diameter, finely papillose. Calyptra slightly cleft 

below, densely hairy. 

MAS AFUERA: Cordon de Borril, SK. 165 (type, S); 

between Las Torres and Q. Huaton, ca. 1350 m, 

SK. MI38 (S); Camp Correspondencia, 1150 m, Sk. 

MI24 part (S). 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Mas Afuera. This and the following species can 

grow mixed and specimens should be checked 

carefully. 

Perichaetial leaves very long, reaching to base of capsule; spores 19-26 pm in diameter ............ 

Perichaetial leaves short, reaching only to middle of seta; spores 36 um in diameter .................... 

.............................................................................................................................................................. U. rufula 

.... .......................................................... u. fmrmdczima 

Ulota rufuh 

Ulota rufula (Mitt.) Jaeg., Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1872- 

1872164, 1874 (Ad. 1:442). 

Orthotrichum rufulitm Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:191, 1869. 

[Original material: Near Valdivia, Chile, coll. Lechlcr n. 

527 part.] 

Orthotrichum brevicolle Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:192, 

1869. [Original material: Near Valdivia, Chile, coll. Lechler 

n. 527 part.] 

Orthotrichum chilense Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:193, 1869. 

[Original material: Near Valdivia, Chile, coll. Lechlcr n. 

527 part.] 

Plants light green, with stems in tufts to 5 mm 

high. Leaves ca. 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, linearlanceolate from an obtrapezoidal base; margins 

entire; costa subpercurrent; lower margins with 

5-10 rows of cells that are 12 pm wide and 12-15 

pm long, with transverse walls more thickened; 

cells of upper lamina rounded to elliptical with 

very thick walls, 8 pm wide, usually 7-12 pm long, 

lumens 5 pm wide, in distinct longitudinal rows, 

slightly papillose; inner basal cells 7 pm wide, 25- 

40 pm long, smooth, Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves 

to 3 mm long. Setae ca. 3 mm long, yellow. Capsule 

urn ca. 1.2 mm long, usually contracted under 

mouth when dry; endostome segments 8, slender, 
NUMBER 21 47 

weakly papillose. Spores 19-26 pm in diameter. 

Calyptra hairy. 

MAS AFUERA: Camp Correspondencia, 1150 m, 

SK. MI24 part (S). 

The species occurs in New Zealand, Juan Fernandez, central Chile, and adjacent Argentina. 

Malta (1929) described a variety patagonica with 

spores 26-37 pm in diameter, but otherwise the 

species seems totally distinct from the preceding. 

Genus Macrocoma 

Plants usually epiphytic, forming tangled mats; 

stems slender, filiform, irregularly branching. 

Leaves appressed when dry, not contorted, erectspreading when moist; costa subpercurrent, sometimes bearing rhizoids abaxially near tip; leaf cells 

rounded or oval throughout most of lamina. Setae 

smooth, elongate. Capsules slender, usually plicate. 

Calyptra mitrate. 

The genus has been revised by Vitt (1973). Only 

one species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Macrocoma sullivantii 

Macrocoma sullivantii (C. Mull.) Grout, Bryol. 47:5, 1944. 

Macromitrium sullivantii C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 20:361, 1862. 

[Original material: Bear Mt., Georgia, U.S.A., coll. Lesquereux, 1850-1856.1 

Macromitrium paraphysatum Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12: 

198, 1869. [Original material: Andes Quitenses, Ecuador, 

coll. Spruce n. 107.1 

Macromitrium mexicanum Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:198, 

1869. [Original material: Oaxaca, Mexico, coll.?, Herb. 

Van den Bosch.] 

Macromitriwm leiboldtii Hampe, Bot. Zeit. 28:50, 1870. [Original material: Veracruz, Mexico, coll. Strebel.] 

Macromitrium ghiesbreghtii Besch., Mem. SOC. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg 16:188, 1872. [Original material: Mexico, coll. 

Ghiesbreght, 1845 (PC).] 

Macromitrium boliuianum C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 

n. ser., 4:126, 1897. [Original material: Near Choquecamata, Cochabamba, Bolivia, coll. P. Germain, 1889.1 

Macromitrium consanguineum Card., Beih. Bot. Centralb. 

17: 11, 1904. [Original material: Quen-san, Korea, Faurie 

142.1 

Macromitrium okamurae Broth., Oefv. Finsk. Vet. SOC. Foerh. 

62A (9): 13, 1921, [Original material: Sendai-shi, Honsho, 

Japan, Zhsiba.] 

Dark green to reddish brown mats with creeping 

stems 5-7 cm long, slender and widely spaced 

spreading branches 1-2 cm long. Leaves ca. 0.8 mm 

long, lanceolate, acute to narrowly obtuse at apex; 

margins slightly recurved below, essentially entire, 

upper lamina cells thick-walled, ca. 7 pm in diameter, slightly bulging or mamillose, marginal cells 

slightly smaller, walls rather thick but slightly 

angular, cells in longitudinal and oblique rows; 

inner basal cells somewhat larger, to 20 pm long. 

Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves ca. 1 .O-1.2 mm long. 

Setae ca. 5 mm long, pale reddish when mature. 

Capsule urn ca. 1.5 mm long, fusiform when dry; 

peristome a pale, rather indistinct membrane. 

Calyptra hairy. 

The species was reported from Mas a Tierra by 

Brotherus (1924). No material has been seen. The 

species is known from the southeastern United 

States, Mexico, Central America, South America, 

and Japan. 

Genus Macromitrium 

Epiphytic or saxicolous plants in mats with 

creeping stems and numerous, erect, crowded 

branches. Branch leaves contorted or appressedimbricate when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 

oblong to lanceolate, acute to attenuate; costa subpercurrent to excurrent; basal lamina cells rather 

elongate; upper cells of lamina rounded to narrowly elliptical. Perichaetia terminal on main 

branches. Setae slender. Capsule erect, smooth or 

sulcate; operculum short- to long-rostrate. Calyptra 

mitrate, pleated, usually with deeply lobed basal 

margin. 

Three species are known from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Macromitrium 

1. All basal leaf cells elongate, narrow, smooth ........................................................ M. microstomum 

1. At least inner basal cells oval, often papillose 

2. Leaves 2.0-2.5 mm long, ca. 100 pm wide n 

2. Leaves 1.0-1.5 mm long, ca. 150-200 pm wide near the tip; uppermost leaf cells mostly 

5-10 pm in diameter .................................................................................................... M. masrrfucrcrc 

pm in diameter ....................... ............................................ 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Macromitrium fernandezianum 

Macromitrium fernandezianum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:422, 1924. [Original material: Mas a 

Tierra, Puerto Ingles, ca. 550 m, coll. C. b 1. Skottsberg n. 

168 (lectotype, present designation; S!).] 

Bright green to brownish plants with erect 

branches to 5 mm high. Leaves irregularly contorted or twisted spirally around stem when dry, 

erect-spieading when moist, 2.0-2.5 mm long, to 

0.4 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate from an oval 

base, narrowed to 0.1 mm wide near tip; margins 

plane to slightly recurving, crenulate to serrulate; 

tip usually narrowly rounded with small teeth and 

a long, projecting, papillose apical cell; costa subpercurrent, covered with many rounded cells abaxially in distal 1/5; cells of upper lamina rounded, 

10-12 pm in diameter, with somewhat thickened 

walls, mamillose and weakly papillose; inner basal 

cells oval, to 20 pm long; those toward margin 

linear, to 40 pm long, many bearing a high, cylindrical papilla. Pseudoautoicous? Setae 3-5 mm 

long, reddish, smooth. Capsule urn oval, ca. 1.0 mm 

long, smooth; mouth somewhat puckered when dry, 

more reddish brown; peristome lacking? Spores 20- 

25 pm in diameter, finely papillose. Calyptra bare. 

MAS A TIERRA: El Yunque, 400-500 m, Sk. 166 

(S); Puerto Ingles, ca. 500 m, Sk. 168 (lectotype, S); 

Salsipuedes, Sk. 169 (S); Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 

600 m, Sk. 170 (S); Puerto Frances, Loma Incienso, 

Sk. I72 (S); Valle Colonial, near trail to Portezuelo 

de Villagra, ca. 220 m, Sk. Mb (S); Falda Larga 

(Q. Minero), Sk. M60 (S); La Vagueria, Sk. M62 

(S); Cerro Pascua, eastern end, Sk. M76 (S); forest 

above Plazoleta del Yunque, 400450 m, Sk. M245, 

M246, M253 (S); Vaqueria, slope of Cerro Alto, 

Sk. M257 (S), Sk. M260 (S); Portezuelo (Mirador), 

500 m, K. 308/31, 308/32a (B); Q. ostl. Plazoleta, 

300 m, K. 322/13 (B); trail to Camote, 500 m, K. 

330/13a, 330/15 (B); Plazoleta del Yunque, 220 m, 

K. 332/1a, 332/2 (B); Cordon Salsipuedes, ca. 1700 

ft, H. Q E. 345. 

The species is endemic to Mas a Tierra. Being 

epiphytic, it probably is less common now than 

formerly. Macromitrium masafuerae, which follows, 

is a closely related species, and the group may well 

have evolved on the islands. 

Macromitrium masafuerae 

Macromitriurn masafuerae Broth. in Skottsb., Kat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:423, 1924. [Original material: Q. Mono, Mas 

Afuera, 475 m, coll. C. G 1. Skottsberg n. 173 (S!).] 

Brownish to reddish green plants with erect 

branches to 5 mm high. Leaves usually twisted 

spirally around stem when dry, erect-spreading 

when moist, ca. 1.5 mm long, to 0.4 mm wide, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 0.2-0.25 mm wide near 

tip; margins plane to slightly recurved, crenulate 

to serrulate; tip usually broadly acute or rounded 

with slightly mucronate apex; costa subpercurrent 

or projecting into mucro, abaxial surface with 

elongate cells nearly or completely to tip; cells of 

upper lamina rounded, with somewhat thickened 

walls, uppermost usually 5-7 pm in diameter, progressively larger below, mostly 10-12 pm in diameter, mamillose and weakly papillose; inner basal 

cells oval, to 20 pm long; those toward margin 

linear, to 40 pm long, many bearing a slight but 

distinct papilla. Pseudoautoicous. Setae 34 mm 

long, reddish, smooth. Capsule urn oval, ca. 1.0 

mm long, smooth; mouth somewhat puckered when 

dry; peristome simple. Spores 15-18 pm in diameter. Calyptra bare. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Mono, Sk. 173 (type, S), H. C E. 

589. 

The species is known only from the two specimens cited, both from Quebrada Mono. Characters of this and the preceding species seem at some 

variance with the original descriptions and figures. 

This might be partially explained by assuming the 

original drawings of leaf shapes were reversed. In 

addition, however, the papillae of the upper leaf 

cells were overlooked and the basal leaf cells were 

completely misrepresented. The difference in leaf 

lengths was the only really usable character cited 

by Brotherus. 

Macromitrium microstomum 

itfacrornitrium microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwaegr., Sp. 

Musc. Suppl. 2 (2):130, 1827. 

Orthotriclzum microstomurn Hook. & Grev., Edinburg J. Sc. 

1:114, 1824. [Original material: Tasmania, coll. D. Spence.] 

Macromitrium snxatile Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:200, 1869. 

[Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. Bertero, 18301 

i2lacromitrium tasinanicurn Broth., Oefv. Finsk. Vet. SOC. 

Foerh. 35:162, 1895. [Original material: South Road Forest, 
NUhlBER 27 49 

Circular Head, Tasmania, coll. Weymouth nos. 846, 1040, 

hfacroniitrizinz pseudo-hetnitricliodes C. Mull., Hedwigia 37: 

130, 1898. [Original material: North Isl., Kew Zealand, coll. 

F. hf. Reader, 1882.1 

I041 .] 

Yellowish green plants with erect branches to 

5 mm high. Leaves in rather evident spiral series 

and erect with incurved, circinate points when dry, 

giving branch ropelike appearance, leaves widely 

spreading when moist, to 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm 

wide, lanceolate from a narrowly ovate base; margins plane to slightly recurved, essentially entire; 

apex sharply acute or more blunt with a short 

mucro; costa percurrent to shortly excurrent; cells 

of upper lamina rounded, 5-7 pin in diameter, very 

thick-walled, becoming longer below and toward 

costa; basal cells linear, ca. 50 pin long, smooth 

with thick walls. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves 

longer and broader, slenderly long-acuminate. Setae 

ca. 7 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 1.5 mm long, ovate, 

puckered around mouth when dry. Spores 45-50 

pm in diameter. Calyptra bare. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon rechts v. Yunque, ca. 550 

m, K. ?09/12 (B); West Cordon Damajuana, 600 

in, K. 328/17c (B); near Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 

1800 ft, H. & E. 416; trail to base of El Yunque, 

LIP to 1800 ft, H. Cir E. 795. 

As recognized here the species occurs in Juan 

Fernandez, New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia. 

This represents a merging of a series of species 

having setae mostly between 5-10 mm in length. 

An additional series of very closely related species 

with setae 1.0-2.0 cm long includes M. nitidum 

Hook. PC Wils. of Brazil, M. ozuahiense C. Mull. of 

Hawaii, M. reinwardtii Schwaegr. of the East Indies 

and Pacific Islands, M. stratoszirn Mitt. of Central 

America and the West Indies, and hl. zueymoiithii 

Broth. of Tasmania. Sainsbury (1955b) has discussed part of this problem, and it is possible most 

or all of the series will be combined ultimately 

under the name M. reinzua?-dtii. 

HEDWIGIACE AE 

Genus Rhacocarpus 

Plants in yellowish brown, tangled mats with 

stems often prostrate, pinnately branching, very 

brittle when dry. Leaves rather appressed when 

dry, subjulaceous or with spreading tips, erectspreading when moist, oblong to panduriform, 

acute to piliferous, ecostate; lamina cells narrowly 

rhomboidal to linear, alar cells in cluster of 6 rows 

or more, quadrate to short-rectangular; abaxial 

surface of leaf except margins and alar regions 

covered with thick cuticle giving very ceramic 

appearance. Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal on 

stems or longer branches. Setae slender, elongate, 

solitary. Capsules short-cylindrical, strongly ribbed 

when dry; peristome lacking; operculum narrowly 

rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

A single species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Rhacocarpus purpurascens 

K/~cirorcirpn~ piii,piirnscens (Brid.) Par., Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 

Hypr~ion p~~~pi~rnscens Brid., Sp. Jlusc. 2: 121, 1812. [Original 

matcrial: Plaine tles Chicots, Reunion Id,, coll. Bory St. 

J'inceni, 1 T98-1802.] 

Aiiictnngircm 111onboldtii Hook., P1. Crypt. Plag. Orb. Sov. 

Aequin. Humboltlt et Bonpland la, 1816. [Original material: Quindiu, ca. 9480 ft, Sovo-Cranatia, coll. Huinboldt 

C Dofipland, li99-1804.] 

Anoectangiiiiii hu)nboldtii var. nustralis Hook. f. k IVils., F1. 

.intam. 1 :135, 1844. [Original material: r\uckland Id., 

1400 ft, and Campbell Id., GOO ft., coll. J. D. Hooker, 

1839-1 843.1 ' 

Hawisonin ?nn17donii C. Mull., Suov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser., 

4:140, 1897. [Original material: Luncha de Cochipato, 

Sorata, Prov. Larecaja, Bolivia, 3200 m, coll. Afnndott 11. 

1639, Mar. 1858.3 

Harrisonia uleana C. MUll., Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 47:389, 1897. 

[Original material: Insula Santa Catharina, Brasil, coll. 

E. I'le 77. 151, Feb. 1887.1 

Hn~risonin pnllidipiln C. Mull., Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 47:393, 

1897. [Original material: Serra de Caraca, coll. E. Ule 17. 

1463, Mar. 1892.1 

Hnrrisonia rnbiginosn C. Mull., Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 47: 

393, 1897. [Original material: Serra Itatiaia, 2300 m, Brasil, 

coll. E. Ule n. 436-1855, Feb. 1894 (US!).] 

Hnrrisonin pnvipiln C. Mull,, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 47:394, 

1897. [Original material: Lesuer, Guadeloupe, IV. Ind., 

Harrisonin crasso-litnbntn C. Mull., Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 

47:394, 1897. [Original material: Hermite Id., Cape Horn, 

coll. J. D. Hooker, 1843.1 

Hn~risonin appendiczclntn C. Mull,, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 

473396, 1897. [Original material: Agulhas Nepas, Serra 

Itatiaia, 2300 m, Brasil, coll. E. Ule ti. 1859, Mar. 1894 

(lectotype, present designation; US!).] 

Hn?~isot7ia ncbro-cinctn C. Mulll., Oestcrr. Bot. Zeitschr. 47: 

396, 1897. [Original material: Southern Brasil. coll. Glnziocc 

n. 452s (BM).] 

292, 1900. 

coll. FoTsstrorn.] 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Stems to 10 cm long, branches ca. 1 cm long. 

Leaf lamina to 1.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, acute to 

rounded above, with piliferous tip to 0.5 mm long; 

margins narrowly shining, often reddish, entire 

except a few teeth at base of arista, upper margins 

often broadly incurved; upper cells 8-10 pm wide, 

30-50 pm long, obscured by thick whitish or brownish cuticle; median basal cells less obscured, more 

reddish, with somewhat thicker, porose walls; large 

area of short, broad, rectangular alar cells, which 

are 15-17 pm wide and 15-22 pm long, having 

much-thickened lateral walls, very reddish when 

mature. Setae 1.25-2.0 cm long, slender, reddish. 

Capsule urn 1.5-2.0 mm long. Spores 20-22 pm in 

diameter, finely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Camp Correspondencia, ca. 3800 

ft, H. 6 E. 264, 464. 

The species is known from East Africa, Reunion 

Island, Madagascar, Indonesia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Mexico, Central America, the 

West Indies, and South America. 

CRYPHAEACEAE 

Genus Cyptodon 

Plants mostly dark green, often rather aquatic 

with trailing secondary stems and many lateral 

branches, no central strands. Leaves erect-spreading, 

slightly contorted when dry, broad with acute, 

slightly serrulate tips; costa subpercurrent, without 

stereids, costae of inner series of perichaetial leaves 

becoming excurrent into smooth, blunt tip; cells 

of lamina oval, smooth; inner basal cells more 

linear; alar region with many small subquadrate 

or transversely elongate cells in radiating series. 

Autoicous. Perichaetia terminal on secondary stems 

or longer side branches. Capsule immersed, wrinkled when dry; peristome double, outer yellowish, 

inner whitish. Operculum very low with central 

apiculus. Calyptra mitrate, reaching to near base 

of operculum. 

A single species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Cyptodon crassinervis 

Cyfitodon crassinemis Broth. in Skottsb., Kat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:428, 1924. [Original material: Valle Casas, Mas 

Afuera, coll. C. b I. Skottsberg n. 341.1 

Secondary stems to 8 cm long. Stem leaves 1.0-1.2 

mm long, 0.45 mm wide, ovate with short, obtusely 

acute tips; margins plane, subentire, slightly serrulate at tip; costa 40 pm wide at base, ending 3-4 

cells before tip, mostly smooth abaxially; upper 

lamina cells oval-rhomboidal, 6 pm wide, 10 pm 

long, in longitudinal and oblique rows; lower cells 

near costa longer, in diverging rows, to 25 pm long; 

alar cells 8 pm wide, 5-10 pm long. Inner perichaetial leaves to 2.5 mm long; cells of lamina all 

more elongate, to 60 pm long; costa occupying 

most of narrow subula. Setae 0.3 mm long. Capsule 

1 mm long, narrowly cylindrical, urn longitudinally folded when old. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. 6 E. 157, 251. 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. It is 

almost certain that Cardot’s report of Dendrocryphaea cuspidata (Sull.) Broth. from Quebrada de 

las Casas really represents this species. Cyptodon 

crassinervis is distinguished from Dendrocryphaea 

cuspidata of the Chilean mainland by the acute 

leaf apex, the lack of the minute papillae at the 

ends of the leaf cells, the smoother abaxial surface 

of the costa, the lack of the small area of slightly 

larger cells below the larger area of transversely 

elongate alar cells, and the flatter rather than conical operculum. Except for the one species on Juan 

Fenandez, Cyptodon is restricted to Australia, New 

Zealand, New Caledonia, and the Fiji, Samoan, 

and Tonga Islands. 

LEPYRODONTACEAE 

The family is retained here in its customary 

position among what might be called the neckeroid 

families. The Ptychomniaceae, another primarily 

austral family that is often placed in this series, is 

here transferred to a position near the Hookeriaceae and Sematophyllaceae. For an explanation see 

the Ptychomniaceae. 

Genus Lepyrodon 

Lustrous, yellowish green plants, usually with 

erect secondary stems, densely reddish radiculose 

below. Leaves appressed to erect-imbricate, scarcely 

altered when dry, sometimes plicate, often hairtipped; costa weak, ending near midleaf or below, 

without stereids; cells of lamina elongate, with 

more or less porose walls. Dioicous. Perichaetia in 

a lateral bud. Setae erect, slender. Capsule urn 
NUMBER 27 51 

erect, cylindrical, smooth; annulus present; outer 

peristome lacking or reduced to low preperistome, 

inner peristome rather irregular; operculum longconical to long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

can be distinguished by the following key. 

The three species known from Juan Fernandez 

Key to Species of Lepyrodon 

1. Leaves of mature plants completely without plications; costa very short, ending near basal 

1. Lea eyond ........... .2 

2. Vegetative leaves linear-lanceolate, all with long hairtips; leaf base scarcely auriculate, 

..................... L. tommtosus 

2. Vegetative leaves rather obl lender tips; leaf base 

............. L. hexastichus 

114 ..... L. pm1us 

with small alar cells usually reaching widest part 

usually distinctly auriculate 

Lep yrodon hexastichw 

Lepyrodon hexastichus (Mont.) Wijk & Marg., Taxon 9:190, 

1960. 

Leucodon hexastichus Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 4:101, 

1845 (VIII). [Original material: Chile, coll. C. Gay (PC).] 

Leucodon kzinzeanus C. Mull., Linnaea 18:684, 1845. [Original material: Chile, col. Poppig n. 51, Philippi.] 

Neckera i,mplexa C. Mull., Syn. 2:93, 1850, nom. illeg. incl. 

spec. prior. [Original material: Southern Chile, coll. Poppig, C. Cay, Philippi.] 

Neckera glazica C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 17:230, 1859. [Original 

material: Chile, coll. Poppig n. 51; near Arique, Valdivia, 

coll. Lechler, 1851.1 

Stems prostrate and branching, or erect to ca. 

2 cm. Leaves usually appressed, sometimes rather 

fragile at tips, blade ca. 2.0 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 

acumination of various lengths from 0.2-0.6 mm, 

auricles at base usually distinct; margin mostly 

erect, serrulate above; costa usually to middle of 

leaf; cells of lamina narrow, usually with rather 

thickened, porose walls; median cells ca. 7 pm 

wide, to 60 pm long; cells near tip mostly 25-30 

pm long; basal cells more porose, to 12 pm wide, 

mostly 25 pm long; up to 25 small subquadrate 

cells ca. 10 pm in diameter at basal angle below 

auricle. Setae 0.8-1.0 cm long. Capsule shortcylindrical; peristome minutely papillose; spores 

12-1 5 pm in diameter, finely papillose; operculum 

rostrate. 

MAS A TIERRA: Without precise locality, 0. Jenz 

n. 35, 1922. 

The species is known from Chile and southern 

Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego. Collections 

have been reported from Mas a Tierra by both 

Brotherus (1924) and Bartram (1957). The New 

Zealand L. australis Hampe ex Broth. is very similar, but material I have seen has less auriculate 

leaves and setae 1-2 cm long. 

Lepyrodon paruulw 

Lepyrodon parvillus Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:422, 1869. 

[Original material: Mas Afuera, coll. Cuming, 1826-1851.1 

Stems to 0.8 cm high, usually julaceous with 

appressed, nonplicate leaves, leaves sometimes more 

lax and erect-spreading. Stem leaves ca. 1 mm 

long, 0.5 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, constricted 

above into a short, or rarely a long, slender acumination, base slightly rounded to auriculate; 

margins mostly plane, serrulate above; costa short, 

to 1/4 leaf length, sometimes double; cells narrow 

with pointed ends, walls rather thin and scarcely 

porose, 5 pm wide, ca. 50 pm long; cells near leaf 

tip ca. 25 pm long; basal cells more porose, to 12 

pm wide, 20-40 pm long, 4-5 small, subquadrate 

cells ca. 10 pm in diameter at basal angle. Setae ca. 

0.8 cm long. Capsule oval; operculum rostrate. 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Damajuana, Sk. 233; NE slope 

of Cerro Piramide, 250-450 m, SK. M33 part (S); 

trail to Camote, 350-340 m, K. 327/5 (B); Cordon 

Salsipuedes, ca. 1700 ft, H. 6- E. 346A, 346B. 

The species was first described from Juan Fernandez and has since been collected on the Chilean 

mainland. 

Lepyrodon tomentosus 

Lepyrodon tomentosus (Hook.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12: 

421, 1869. 

Lezccodoiz tonzentosris Hook., Musci Exot. 1:37, 1818. [Original material: Sear Loja, Ecuador. 1080 hexap., coll. 

Htctnboldt & Bonplaiid, 1i99-1804.1 
52 ShIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

Neckera suborthosticha C. Mull., Syn. 2:112, 1850. [Original 

material: Merida, Venezuela, coll. Moritz n. 185.1 

Isopterygium semicostatum Ren. & Card., Bull. SOC. R. Bot. 

Belg. 41 (1):143, 1905. [Original material: Forets de General, Costa Rica, coll. Pittier & Tonduz n. 5817, Feb. 1891 

(US').] 

Plants with secondary stems usually erect, to 3 

cm high. Leaves erect-imbricate, only slightly 

spreading, those of mature vegetative branches 

strongly, longitudinally plicate, narrowly lanceolate 

with little constriction at base of slender acumination; blade 3.0-3.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, scarcely 

auriculate at base, hair tip 1.0-1.5 mm long; margins often slightly reflexed above, serrulate distally; 

costa often reaching middle of leaf; cells of lamina 

narrow, usually with rather thickened, porose walls; 

median and upper cells 6 pm wide, 45-75 pm 

long; basal cells more porose, to 15 pm wide, mostly 

50 pm long; alar region with up to 15 small subquadrate cells 10 pm in diameter in cluster extending near or to widest part of leaf base. Setae 10-15 

mm long. Capsule sliort-cylindrical, urn ca. .2.0 mm 

long; peristome not papillose; spores 12-15 pm in 

diameter, finely papillose; operculum rostrate. 

The species is known from Costa Rica, the West 

Indies, and South America south to Peru and 

Argentina. Collections were cited from both Mas 

Afuera and Mas a Tierra by Brotherus (1924) and 

Bartram (1957) but no material has been seen. 

METEORIACEAE 

Genus Weymouthia 

Plants pale green, matted or pendant epiphytes 

with long secondary stems irregularly, sparsely, and 

pinnately branched. Leafy stems and branches 

round and turgid with laxly imbricate cochleariform leaves. Leaves only slightly heterophyllous, 

rounded-obtuse with broad, incurved margins; 

costae lacking; leaf cells mostly elongate, smooth; 

alar region with cluster of short, thicker-walled 

cells. Dioicous. Perichaetia in a lateral bud. Setae 

short. Capsules erect to inclined, smooth; annulus 

broad; peristome double, teeth with transverse 

striations; operculum conical to rostrate. Calyptra 

cucullate, bare. 

The genus is entirely austral and with only two 

species. Only one species is known from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Weymouthia mollis 

Weymouthia mollis (Hedw.) Broth., Nat. PB. 1 (3):812, 1906. 

Leskea mollis Hedw., Sp. hlusc. 234, 1801. [Original material: 

A'eckera curningi C. Muill., Syn. 2:132, 1850. [Original mateSew Zealand, coll. Banks, 1568-1771.3 

rial: Chile, coll. Cuming, 1826-1831.1 

Plants with slender stems to 12 cm long. Leaves 

mostly 1.3 mm long, when spread flat the upper 

part to 0.8 mm broad, broadly oblong with upper 

margins incurved until often overlapping, basal 

angle rounded-auriculate; apex completely blunt, 

plane, sometimes slightly projecting, with a few 

minute serrulations; cells of lamina mostly 5 pm 

wide, 40-60 pm long, with slightly thickened, 

porose walls, a few small, short to rounded cells 

ca. 10 pm long at apex; alar region yellowish, with 

thick-walled cells ca. 10 pm wide and 10-20 ym 

long in dense cluster. Setae ca. 3.0 mm long. Capsule erect, urn ca. 1 mm long; cilia of peristome 

lacking; spores 20-30 ym in diameter, papillose; 

operculum shortly conic-rostrate. 

MAS A TIERRA: Trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 

1400-1800 ft, H. &r E. 84. 

The species is known from Chile, East Australia, 

Tasmania, and New Zealand. Collections were 

reported from both Mas Afuera and Mas a Tierra 

by Brotherus (1924) and Bartram (1957). 

Genus Papillaria 

Plants yellowish green, matted or pendant epiphytes, often becoming black with age. Leafy 

branches cylindrical with laxly to tightly appressed 

imbricate leaves when dry, rapidly spreading when 

moist. Leaves only slightly heterophyllous, ovate 

to broadly lanceolate, rounded or auriculate at base, 

tip narrowly attenuate; costae single, reaching to 

distal 1/3 or 1/4; cells of lamina arranged in 

radiating lines from base; inner basal cells elongate, smooth; upper and lateral cells shorter, ellip 

tical, each cell pluripapillose with papillae in 1-2 

rows. Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral bud. Setae 

short. Capsule erect, symmetrical, smooth; peristome double, teeth papillose, cilia rudimentary or 

lacking; operculum shortly conic-rostrate. Calyptra 

cucullate, densely hairy. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 
NUMBER 27 

Papillaria flexicaulis 

53 

Leptodon smithii 

Leptodon smithii (Hedw.) TVeb. & Mohr, Ind. Mus. P1. Crypt. 

2, 1803. 

Hypnum smithii Hedw., Sp. Musc. 264, 1801. [Original material: Sear Barham Downs, Kent, England, coll. J. E. 

Smith.] 

Leptodon beccnrii C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4:19, 1872. 

[Original material: Abyssinia, coll. 0. Beccari, 1870.1 

Leptodon novae-seelandiae C. Mull., Hedwigia 41:131, 1902. 

[Original material: Waimakariri Gorge, North Canterbury, 

and at Birling’s Flat, Bank’s Peninsula, Kew Zealand, coll. 

T. W. A’. Beckett, Oct. 1890.1 

Leptodon australis C. Mull., Hedwigia 41:132, 1902. [Original 

material: Mosskale, New South Wales, coll. Whitelegge, 

Nov. 1884.1 

Usually epiphytic plants with frondose stems 

mostly ca. 1.5 cm long. Stem leaves 1.0 mm long, 

0.5 mm wide, oblong from broadly ovate base; 

branch leaves ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, oblong; all leaves with tips obtusely acute to rounded, 

sometimes slightly apiculate; margins narrowly 

recurved below; costa 20-30 pm wide at midleaf; 

cells of upper lamina short-rhomboidal, mostly 8- 

10 pm wide, 10-12 pm long, arranged in oblique 

rows; many rows of cells along lower margins very 

small, 7-8 pm in diameter, rounded to subquadrate; inner basal cells more elongate, to 40 pm 

long in stem leaves. Setae ca. 2.0 mm long. Capsule 

urn ca. 1.5 mm long; spores elliptical, 17-25 pm 

long, minutely papillose. 

The species is known from Europe, the Canary 

Islands, Central, East, and South Africa, Australia, 

Sew Zealand, and southern South America. Collections have been reported from Juan Fernandez 

by both Brotherus (1924) and Bartram (1957) but 

no material has been seen in this study. 

Papillaria pexicaulis (TVils.) Jaeg., Ber. St. Gall. Katurw. 

Ges. 1875-18563271, 1877 (Ad. 2:175). 

Meteorium flexicaule TVils. in Hook. f., F1. Kov. Zel. 2:101, 

1854. [Original material: North Id., Sew Zealand, coll. 

Or. Stanger.] 

Meteorium filipendultm Hook. f. & TVils., F1. Tasm. 2:203, 

1859. [Original material: Tasmania, coll. Gzcnn nos. 26, 

1606, Lawrence s.n.1 

Plants with secondary stems to 20 cm long, rather 

sparsely branched. Leaves not plicate, tightly 

appressed when dry; stem leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, 

0.8 mm wide, lanceolate from broadly ovate base; 

branch leaves ca. 1.0 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, 

lanceolate; all leaves short-decurrent with smooth 

cells at extreme base, very broadly rounded to cordate above base; apex narrowly attenuate with a 

few short cells forming uniseriate tip; margin plane, 

minutely crenulate below, entire distally; median, 

upper, and lateral cells mostly 5-6 pm wide, 10-15 

pm long, papillae in 2 rows; inner basal cells to 

45 pm long. Setae 2-3 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 

1.5 mm long; spores 16-20 pm in diameter, slightly 

papillose. 

The species is known from Indonesia, Australia, 

Tasmania, New Zealand, and southern Chile. The 

species was reported from Mas Afuera by Bartram 

(1957) but no material has been seen. 

NECKERACEAE 

Genus Leptodon 

Plants yellowish to brownish green in mats with 

primary stem tips and secondary stems erect, pinnately to bipinnately branching and curling greatly 

when dry; paraphyllia present. Leafy branches 

rather compressed. Leaves small, heterophyllous; 

all rather oblong with short-acute or rounded tips; 

margins essentially entire; costae strong, reaching 

distal 1 /4; most cells of lamina short-rhomboidal 

or quadrate, smooth; cells of lower margins small. 

Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral bud. Setae short, 

about as long as perichaetium. Capsule erect, oval, 

smooth; peristome teeth entire, finely papillose; 

inner peristome rudimentary; operculum shortrostrate. Calyptra cucullate, with numerou hairs. 

One species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Genus Neckera 

Plants slender to robust with erect or ascending, 

usually pinnately branched secondary stems. Leafy 

stems and branches flattened; paraphyllia sometimes present. Leaves in 8 rows, oblong-ovate to 

lingulate, often undulate; apex short-acute to truncate; margins serrulate to entire; costae weak, usually very short or lacking; some or most of upper 

lamina cells short-rhomboidal, smooth; cells of 

lower margin often small, subquadrate. Perichaetia 

in lateral bud, leaves often large-sheathing, sometimes very slender-tipped. Setae smooth, usually 

short. Capsules often immersed, sometimes exerted 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

or rarely long-exerted; urn erect, smooth: peristome 

double, teeth papillose, seldom transversely striated 

below, cilia lacking; operculum short-rostrate. 

Calyptra short, cucullate, with or without hairs. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Neckera rotunduta 

Neckera rotundata Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2450, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada del 

Mono, 440 m, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 275 (S!).] 

Plants lustrous yellowish green, slender, with 

secondary stems to 3 cm long, pinnately branched; 

leafy stems and branches densely foliate, flattened, 

without paraphyllia; branches spreading, to 1 cm 

long. Leaves undulate, ca. 3 mm long, 0.95 mm 

wide, oblong-lanceolate or lingulate; apex roundedobtuse; margins very minutely serrulate to subentire: costae very short and double; median cells 

ca. 6 pm wide, 40-60 ,pm long, slightly porose; 

upper cells becoming rhomboidal, those in distal 

1/6 ca. 10 pm wide, 20-25 pm long: lower cells 

longer to 80 pm and more porose: alar cells 12 pm 

wide, 12-20 pm long, oval, yellowish with thickened porose walls. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Mono (changed on label to Q. 

Blindado), 440 m, SK. 275 (type, S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Valle Frances, slope of Cordon 

Chifladores, K. M83 (S). 

As presently recognized the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. The tips of the leaves are more 

rounded than in most species of Neckera. 

Genus Pinnatella 

Small to medium-sized frondose plants with erect 

or ascending, usually pinnately branched secondary 

stems. Basal leaves of stem reduced, sometimes 

squarrose. Leafy stems and branches complanate 

with leaves laxly imbricated. Leaves ovate to oblong 

with short-acute to obtusesly rounded tips: costa 

very strong, ending near leaf apex: cells of lamina 

rounded to irregularly hexagonal, with or without 

large central papilla; some basal cells elongate, a 

row inside basal margin often elongate and' sometimes prominent. Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral 

buds. Setae short, scabrous. Capsules exerted, erect, 

smooth: peristome double, cilia lacking: operculum 

rostrate. 

Only one species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

PinnateUa macrosticta 

Pinnatella .macrosticta Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:433, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada de 

las Casas, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg nos. 271, 

273.1 

Slender, yellowish to brownish green plants in 

loose mats, secondary stems to 5 mm high, usually 

distinctly pinnately branched. Leafy branches very 

compressed with leaves nonundulate and often 

spreading at near right-angles when mature. Leaves 

to 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, oblong-ovate with 

short-acute tip; margins slightly recurved at base, 

serrulate, some larger teeth near apex; costa strong 

to distal 118, ca. 25 pm wide near middle; most 

cells of lamina short-polygonal or rounded, 7-10 

ym wide, 10-15 pm long; inner basal cells to 25 ym 

long; ca. 5 rows of subquadrate cells along basal 

margin that are 7 pm wide, 7-10 pm long; cells 

except marginal row and some at extreme base 

with 1-2 large papillae on each surface. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casa, H. cLr E. 146. 

As presently known the species is endemic to Mas 

Afuera. The three known collections are all from 

Quebrada de las Casas. 

Genus Porothamnium 

Plants medium-sized to robust, frondose, lustrous 

green, with rather pinnately to bipinnately branching secondary stems. Stipe leaves appressed, with or 

without squarrose-recurved tips. Leafy main stems 

and branches slightly to greatly flattened, branches 

sometimes attenuate or flagellate. Leaves larger on 

main stems, smaller on branches, scalelike on flagellae or stolons: leaf apices short-acute to nearly 

truncate, dentate to subentire; costae single, slender, usually to near 3/4 leaf length, rarely longer; 

upper leaf cells narrowly oval to elongate with 

thin, rather nodular walls, some very short cells at 

apex: basal cells long and narrow; alar cells indistinct. Perichaetia in lateral bud. Setae long, smooth. 

Capsule erect to inclined: urn usually shortcylindrical, smooth; peristome double, teeth with 

transverse striations below, cilia well developed: 

operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The following two species are known from Juan 

Fernandez. 
NUMBER 27 55 

Key to Species of Porothamnium 

Leafy stems and branches only laxly compressed, leaves mostly spreading at about 45" angle; 

Leafy stems and branches very complanate, leaves mostly spreading at about 70" angle; costa 

costa of branch leaves only rarely ending in small spine .......................................... P. urbusculm 

of 'branch leaves usually ending in-small spine 

Porothamnium arbusculuns 

Porothamnium arbusculans (C. Mull.) Fleisch. in Broth. & 

Hypnum arbusculans C. Mull., Linnaea 38:618, 1874. [OrigCard., K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl. 63(10):59, 1923. 

inal material: Valdivia (?), Chile, coll. Krause.] 

Plants when fully developed with fronds to 12 

cm long. Stipe leaves with squarrose-recurved tips. 

Leafy main stem and branches laxly compressed, 

most leaves spreading at 60" angle or less. Main 

stem leaves to 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; branch 

leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; all leaves 

oblongovate, with only slightly more obtusely 

acute apices on stem leaves; basal margin slightly 

recurved, small sharp teeth on apical margin, lateral margin subentire; costa ca. 90 pm wide at base, 

slender above, ending near apical 1/4-1/5 with 

little or no spine abaxially; cells of lamina mostly 

6-8 pm wide, short-rhomboidal cells near apex 

10-12 pm wide and 17-25 pm long, cells near tip 

of costa 30-50 pm long, cells of leaf middle mostly 

40-60 pm long, basal cells to 100 pm long. Dioicous. Capsule horizontal, short-oval; cilia shorter 

than segments. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. 6. E. 49a, 338a. 

The species is known only from central Chile 

and Juan Fernandez. Brotherus (1924) reported 

the species from the same locality. This and the 

following species grow intermixed but can be consistently separated by the characters in the key. 

Porothamnium valdiviae 

Porothamniurn vaZdiviae (C. Mull.) Fleisch. in Broth., h'at. 

Hypnurn valdiviae C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 13:783, 1855. [Original 

Pfl. ed. 2, 11:200, 1925. 

material: Arique, Chile, coll. Lechler n. 631.1 

Plants when fully developed with fronds to 15 

cm long. Stipe leaves with squarrose-recurved tips. 

Leafy main stem and branches very complanate, 

most leaves spreading at 60" angle or more. Main 

stem leaves 2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; branch 

leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; all leaves 

.. 

............................................................... P. vcrldiviac 

oblong-ovate, with distinctly broader, more obtusely acute apices on stem leaves; basal margin 

slightly reflexed, small sharp teeth in apical part, 

lateral margins subentire; costa ca. 100 pm wide at 

base, slender above, ending near apical 1 /6, usually 

ending in sharp spine abaxially; cells of lamina 

mostly 5-7 pm wide, a few short-rhomboidal cells 

in apex 10-12 pm wide and 17-20 pm long, cells 

near tip of costa mostly 25-40 pm long, cells of leaf 

middle mostly 50-60 pm long, basal cells to 100 pm 

long. Dioicous. Capsule inclined, oval. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casa, H. pj7 E. 49b; near Camp 

Correspondencia, ca. 3500 ft. H. 6. E. 70c; Q. Mono, 

H. c!i+ E. 272, 659 part. 

The species is known from central Chile south 

to Tierra del Fuego as well as Juan Fernandez. 

The plants included here seem to represent what 

has been called P. fasciculaturn (Hedw.) Fleisch. 

by Brotherus (1924) and Bartram (1957). The latter species occurs in the West Indies and adjacent 

regions and southward to southern Brazil, and it is 

characterized by a stout costa usually reaching 

9/10 the leaf length. 

Genus Thamnobryum 

Plants medium-sized to robust, frondose, with 

rather pinnately to bipinnately branching secondary stems, with a dull sheen. Stipe leaves appressed 

with or without squarrose-recurved tips, usually 

abraded beyond recognition. Leafy main stems and 

branches usually only slightly flattened, branches 

sometimes attenuate. Leaves mostly smooth, larger 

on main stems, scalelike on stolons; apices shortacute or with projecting costa, dentate to subentire; costae single, stout, reaching to or near tip; 

upper leaf cells all oval to rounded with rather 

thick, slightly porose walls, basal cells more elongate, alar cells indistinct. Perichaetia in lateral 

buds. Setae long, usually smooth throughout. Capsule mostly horizontal to pendant, slightly curved, 

rarely more erect and symmetric, smooth; peristome 

double, teeth usually with transverse striations 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

below, cilia usually well developed; operculum 

rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

It has been necessary to provide new combinations for the Juan Fernandez species previously 

placed in the genus Thamnium B.S.G. (nec Thamnium Klotzsch, 1838, Ericaceae). Unfortunately, 

the change does not represent any improved understanding of the vile group of genera in the Thamnioideae. Some of the present concepts require 

sporophytes, but these are rarely present and sometimes prove an embarrassment when they are found 

(see Thamnium sianzense, Robinson, 1968). For the 

present I adopt the concept that places the more 

lustrous plants with longer leaf cells and weaker 

costae in Porothamniunz, and the duller plants 

with shorter leaf cells and stronger costae in Thamnobyyum. Such a concept works well for the Juan 

Fernandez species and may even prove ultimately 

correct. 

The following key to the five species in Juan 

Fernandez is adapted from Bartram (1957), who 

reviewed the species with particular care. 

Key to Species of Thamnobryum 

1. Costa very strong, 80-100 pm wide below, percurrent to excurrent 

Costa usually 45-80 Itm wide below, ending 5-15 cells below leaf apex 

2 

2. Costa excurrent in a stout, rough point, lamina excised at apex T. proboscideum 

2. Costa ending T. rigidum in or just below apex, lamina not excised 

3 

3. Leaves strongly complanate; upper leaf cells short, oval, 12 pm long T. ingae 

3. 4 

4. Leaves slightly complanate; acuminate, subentire; cell walls rather incrassate T. carolii 

4. Leaves densely imbricated, erect; branch leabes toothed at apex; cell walls only 

slightly incrassate T. confertum 

1. 

Leaves complanate or not complanate; upper leaf cells elongate, to 25 pm long 

Thamnobryum carolii 

Tharnnobryum carolii (Broth.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 

29(2):117, 1974. 

Thamnium carolii Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:431, 1924. [Original material: Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 600 m, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg 11. 3f4 (lectotype, 

present designation.] 

Robust plants with secondary stems to 13 cm 

long, with stipes 3-5 cm long. Stipe leaves with 

squarrose-recurved tips. Main stems and branches 

rather densely foliate, slightly complanate. Branching laxly erect with branches to 9 cm long. Main 

stem and branch leaves 3.0-4.0 mm long, ca. 1.3 

mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, branch leaves 1 .O-1.5 

mm long, to 0.3-0.5 mm wide; margins of all leaves 

usually subentire, apex slightly acuminate; costae 

stout throughout, ca. 80 pm wide at base, ending 

about 10-15 cells before apex, smooth abaxially; 

most cells of lamina 7-10 pm wide, upper cells 

12-25 ym long, median cells 20-40 pm long, basal 

cells up to 75 pm long. Dioicous. Sporophyte 

unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Cordon rechts v. Yunque, 450 m, 

K. 310/4b (B); Q. ostl. Plazoleta, 200 m, K. 320//’ 

part (B); ridge south of Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 

1800 ft, H. C E. 458. 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. Bartram (1957) reported a collection from Mas Afuera. 

Thamnobryum confertum 

Thaninobryunz conjeitun2 (Mitt.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 

29 (2):117, 1974. 

Porotrichum confe?turn Mitt., Rep. Sc. Res. Voyagc Challenger Bot. 1 (4):81, 1885. [Original matelial: Mas a Ticrra, 

coll. Afoseley, 1875.1 

Rather robust plants with secondary stems to 

8 cm long, stipes to 3.5 cm long. Stipe leaves with 

squarrose-recurved tips. Main stems and branches 

densely foliate, scarcely compressed, densely 

branching with branches to 2 cm long. Main stem 

and branch leaves ca. 2.5 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, 

leaves of smaller branches 1.2 mm long, 0.4 mm 

wide, all leaves broadly ovate becoming narrowly 

oblong above, smaller leaves elliptical; lateral margins subentire, recurved below; apex acute, in 

branch leaves sharply dentate; costae stout throughout, ca. 50-60 pm wide at base, ending about 5-10 

cells below apex, smooth abaxially; most cells of 

lamina 7-10 vim wide, slightly incrassate, upper 

cells 15-25 pm long, median cells mostly 20-35 pm 

long, a few basal cells to 50 pm long. Dioicous. 
NUMBER 27 57 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. L- E. 338b. 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. Bartram (1957) was doubtful of the validity of the 

species. On the basis of the new collection cited 

above, which shows Bartram’s key characters, I 

would think the species distinct. A difference from 

T. carolii not mentioned by Bartram is the thinner 

cell walls. 

Thamnobryum ingae 

Thnninobrpm ingae (Broth.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 

29 (2)117, 1974. 

Thnnaniitm ingae Broth. in Skottsh., Sat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:432, 1924. [Original material: Puerto Frances, ca. 500 

m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. ~9 I. Skottsberg n. 315 (lectotype, 

present designation).] 

Rather robust plants with secondary stems 6-10 

cm long, with stipes 1-3 cm long, becoming rather 

pinnately to subbipinnately branched above. Lower 

stipe leaves with squarrose-recurved tips. Main 

stems and branches densely foliate, strongly complanate. Branches to 3 cm long. Main stem and 

branch leaves ca. 2.0 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 

broadly elliptical, slightly concave; leaves of smaller 

branches ca. 1.0 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, less broadly 

elliptical; lateral margins subentire, slightly recurved below, a few sharp teeth distally, apex 

bluntly acute; costae stout, 60 pm wide at base, 

ending about 5-10 cells below apex, smooth abaxially; cells of lamina mostly 7-10 pm wide, slightly 

incrassate, upper cells 10-12 pm long, median cells 

12-25 pm long, a few basal cells to 50 pm long. 

Dioicous. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 

ca. 1400 ft, H. Q E. 315A. 

As presently known the species is endemic to 

Mas a Tierra. 

Thamnobrvum proboscideum 

Tlianinobryirm proboscideztm (Broth.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 29 (2):118, 1974. 

T/zarn?ziuni proboscidezim Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:433, 1924. [Original material: Pangal, 205 m, 

Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 256.1 

Rather large plants with secondary stems to 7 cm 

long, stipitate for about 3 cm below, rather pinnately to subbipinnately branched above. Branches 

to 3 cm long. Stipe covered with scalelike leaves. 

Main stem and branch leaves erect-spreading, ca. 

2 mm long, lanceolate, rather concave; apices 

usually excised, sometimes minutely serrulate; 

costae stout throughout, 80-100 pm wide below, 

excurrent in a stout, rough point, smooth abaxially; 

cells of lamina near apex oval or triangular, irregular, median cells mostly oblong hexagonal, cells 

longer toward base, at base linear. Dioicous. Sporopliyte unknown. 

The species is endemic to Mas a Tierra. No material has been seen in this study, but both Brotherus (1924) and Bartram (1957) emphasize the 

long-excurrent costa of the leaves. 

Thamnobryum rigidum 

Thnmnobryiit)i rigidurn (Mitt.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 

29 (2):118, 1974. 

Porotricliurn rigidum Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:467, 1869. 

[Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. Bertero, 1830.1 

Porotrichuuz Intinewe Mitt., Rep. Sc. Res. Voyage Challenger 

Bot. 1 (4):81, 188.5. [Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. 

Moseley, 1875.1 

Thamnizim crassinervium Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1 (3):862, 1906. 

[Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. Bertero, 1830.1 

Tkamnizim assimile Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:433, 1924. [Original material: Quehrada Damajuana, 250 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. G I. Skottsberg n. 

350.1 

Rather robust plants with secondary stems to 

10 cm long, with stipes to 6 cm long, becoming 

rather pinnately to subbipinnately branched above. 

Stipe leaves with squarrose-recurved tips. Main 

stems and branches densely foliate, scarcely complanate. Branches to 2.5 cm long. Main stem and 

larger branch leaves ca. 2.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, 

broadly ovate-lanceolate, slightly concave; smaller 

branch leaves 1.3-1.5 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm broad, 

more narrowly ovate; lateral margins subentire, 

slightly recurved below, a few very sharp teeth 

distally; costae stout throughout, ca. 80 pm wide at 

base, subpercurrent, slightly spreading at tip into 

short-acuminate leaf apex, smooth abaxially; most 

cells of upper lamina slightly incrassate, shortrhomboidal to rounded-polygonal, 10-1 2 pm in 

diameter, median cells mostly 7-10 pm wide, 20-25 

pm long, a few cells near base to 40 or 50 pm long. 

Dioicous. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Valley at base of Piramide, H. & 

E. 643. 

The species is endemic to Mas a Tierra. It is 
58 SMITHSONIAS CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

quite closely related to Thamnobryum pandurn 

(Hook. f. & Wils.) Stone & Scott but is much more 

robust and has a sharper, more acuminate leaf 

apex. 

LEMBOPHYLLACE AE 

As delimited in this study the family does not 

occur in Juan Fernandez. In an effort to make the 

family less unnatural I have placed Acrocladium 

in the Amblystegiaceae and Rigodium in the 

Brachytheciaceae. Removal of these and other 

genera leaves a somewhat more uniform series that 

is distinctly neckeroid. One member of the more 

narrowly delimited family that might eventually 

be found in Juan Fernandez is the Chilean Camptochaete orbiczilata (Ther.) H. Robinson (Robinson, 1970). 

HYPNODENDRACEAE 

Genus Hypnodendron 

Plants yellowish to dark green, medium-sized to 

rather large, dendroid, densely branched with welldeveloped stipes, rhizoids on bases and older stipes, 

stems without central strands, without paraphyllia. 

Leaves of stipe distinct, usually scalelike. Leaves of 

stems and branches erect-spreading, ovate to lanceolate; margins strongly serrate; costae single, strong, 

subpercurrent, with series of teeth abaxially toward 

tip; cells of lamina short-rectangular to very narrowly rhomboidal, thin-walled and usually smooth; 

alar cells poorly differentiated. Dioicous. Perigonia 

and perichaetia in lateral buds in axils of stem 

leaves, clustered at bases of fronds. Setae elongate, 

smooth. Capsules rather erect or inclined to horizontal, narrowly cylindrical, sometimes curved, 

ribbed; annulus present; peristome double, complete with cilia, teeth with transverse striations; 

operculum rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Hypnodendron microstictum 

Hyptfodendron miciostictutfz Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:566, 

1869. [Original material: Colchaque, Chile, coll.? Herb. 

Hooker.] 

Hypnzrtn ktnusei C. Mull., Linnaea 38:619, 1874. [Original 

mateiial: Corial, Chile, coll. Kmuse.] 

Yellowish green, rather lustrous, dendroid plants 

to 6 cm high, with stipes to 4 cm long, stipes polished reddish brown, central strand of extremely 

slender cells in compact mass surrounded by much 

larger, thin-walled cells. Stipe leaves broadly deltoid with long, slender, acuminate tip, ca. 1.0 mm 

long, 0.6 mm wide, tips erect and slightly spreading; 

margins minutely serrulate; costa slender, percurrent, smooth; cells of lamina narrowly rhomboidal, 

7-10 pm wide, 60-100 pm long, a few shortrectangular cells in the slightly rounded alar region 

that are ca. 10 pm wide and 17-30 pm long. Upper 

stipe, main stem, and larger branch leaves ovate 

with upper edges tapering evenly to slightly blunted 

apex, lower stem leaves to 2.0 mm long, to 0.9 mm 

wide, most branch leaves 1.0-1.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 

mm wide, margins scarcely recurved at extreme 

base, sharply serrate from lower 1/4 or 1/5; costa 

percurrent, slender, ca. 30 pm wide at base, 4-7 

teeth abaxially along distal 1/3; most cells of 

lamina narrowly rhomboidal or rectangular, 6-8 

pm wide, 40-60 pm long, upper cells mostly 30- 

40 um long, apical cells 20-25 pm long, extreme 

Iiasal cells 25-30 pm long, 2-3 subquadrate cells in 

indistinct alar region. “Under” surface of branches 

with leaves often smaller and less spreading, perichaetia directed toward “upper” surface. Setae to 

2.5 cm long, reddish when mature. Capsule urn ca. 

4 mm long, slender, slightly curved; operculum ca. 

2 mm long. 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Damajuana, 550 m, K. 316/9a 

The species is known from only Juan Fernandez 

and the Chilean mainland. Tliith the exception of 

this species, the family is restricted to the AustralianIndonesian-Western Pacific area. 

(B). 

HYPOPTERYGIACEAE 

The members of the family from southern South 

America have been treated by Matteri (1973b). 

Genus Lopidium 

Plants yellowish green, medium-sized, with creeping racliculose primary stems, secondary stems without central strand, with short stipes bearing erect, 

subpinnately branched fronds. Lower stipe leaves 

appressed with tips erect-spreading; leaves of other 

parts 3-ranked, leaves of ventral rank smaller, lat- 
NUMBER 27 59 

era1 leaves curving downward and enclosing stem 

when dry; margins bordered with narrow, elongate 

cells; costa percurrent to excurrent; median cells 

small, rounded, nearly smooth, alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae rather short, 

papillose. Capsule suberect; urn short-cylindrical, 

smooth; peristome double, basal membrane low, 

cilia lacking; operculum short-rostrate. Calyptra 

cucullate. 

One species occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Lopidium concinnum 

Lopidium concinnzem (Hook.) Wils. in Hook. f., F1. h'ov. Zel. 

2:119, 1954. 

Leskea concinna Hook., Musci Exot. 1:34, 1818. [Original material: Dusky Bay, New Zealand, coll. D. Menzies, 1791.1 

Lopiditem pallens Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Nov. Zel. 2:119, 1854. 

[Original material: North & Middle Islands, h'ew Zealand: 

Auckland & IVaikehi, coll. Sinclair; Bay of Islands, coll. 

J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843; Bligh's Sound, Hutt Valley, Milford Sound, Wellington and Ship Cove, coll. Lyall. Also 

credited to Tasmania, South America, Chiloe.] 

Hypopterygium pallens (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Kew J. Bot. 

8:265, 1856. 

Hypopterygium fiexiseturn Hampe in Lorentz, Bot. Zeit. 24: 

187, 1866, nom. ntcd. 

Hypopterygitm plumarium Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:329, 

1869. [Original material: Fazendado do Lageado, near 

Curitiba, 2000 ft, Parana, Brad, coll. Weir n. 1; Chiloe 

Id., Chile, coll. Lobb; Auckland Id., coll. J. D. Hooker, 

Lopidium pltLmarizcm (Mitt.) Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh. 

Lopiditem aristattdum C. Mull. in Ule, Hedwigia 38(Beibl. 1): 

Hypopterygium araucarieti C. Mull. in Kindberg, Hedwigia 

Lopidium araucarieti Fleisch., Hedwigia 63:213, 1922, nom. 

1839-1843.1 

For. Kjoebenh. ser. 4, 1:162, 1879. 

58, 1899, nom. nud. 

40:281, 1901, nom. nud. in 5yn. 

nud. 

Plants to 10 cm tall, stipe 1-2 cm long, stipes 

bare or slightly radiculose below. Lowest stipe 

leaves very broadly ovate, ca. 0.7 mm long, 1.0 mm 

broad, very short and broadly acuminate; ecostate; 

median cells rhomboid, ca. 25 pm wide, to 40 ym 

long; cells toward border more quadrate, ca. 15 pm 

in diameter. Upper stipe leaves and lower stem 

leaves of frond ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 .O-1.5 mm 

long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide; margin weaker; basal cells 

oval, 25-30 pm long, strongly porose. Upper stem 

and branch leaves narrowly oblong, to 1.5 mm long, 

0.7 mm wide; ventral leaves to 1.0 mm by 0.4 mm. 

All upper leaves with tips abruptly narrowed to 

short, stout apiculus; margins with 1-2 rows of 

narrow cells often failing near tip, distal margin 

sharply serrate; costa slender, ca. 25 pm wide near 

base; lamina cells mostly rounded with thickened 

angles, 7-12 pm in diameter. Autoicous. Setae 2.5- 

9.0 mm long, nearly smooth or slightly roughened. 

Capsule urn 1.5-2.0 mm long; spores 12-14 pm in 

diameter, smooth. 

MAS A TIERRA: Ridge between Q. Piedra Agujereada and Q. Laura, 650 m, Sk. 332. 

The species is known from Brazil, Argentina, 

Chile, Juan Fernandez, New Zealand, Tasmania, 

Australia, and the Auckland Islands. Some of the 

confusion regarding the history of the species is 

discussed by Dixon (1913-1929). 

Genus Hypopterygium 

Medium-sized, yellowish green plants with creeping, radiculose primary stems, secondary stems with 

central strand, with long stipes bearing rather 

palmately bipinnate, reflexed fronds. Stipe leaves 

appressed, other leaves 3-ranked, leaves of ventral 

rank smaller, lateral leaves curving downward to 

enclose stem when dry; leaf margins bordered with 

narrow, elongate cells; costae single, ending shortly 

beyond midleaf; median cells short-rhomboidal to 

hexagonal, smooth; alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia in lateral buds, often crowded near base of 

frond. Setae slender, smooth. Capsule inclined to 

pendulous, short-cylindrical, smooth; peristome 

double, inner peristome with well-developed membrane, cilia present: operculum conico-rostrate. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Hypopterygium arbusculu 

Hypopterygiwn arbiisctela Brid., Brpol. Univ. 2:717, 1827. 

Hypntim nrbuscula P. Beauv., Prodr. 61, 1809, horn. illeg. 

[Original material: Straits of Magellan, coll. Commerson, 

Hypntitn thozcinii Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 3 (2):289, 1830. 

[Original material: Straits of Magellan, coll. Cotnmerson, 

1766-1769.1 

Hypopterygiunt speciostctn C. Mull., Linnaea 18:683, 1844. 

[Original material: Chile, coll. Philippi.] 

Hypopterygiun thotcinii (Schwaegr.) Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. 

Bot. ser. 3, 4:86, 1843. 

Hypopterygium wolflhuegelii Herz., Hedwigia 64: 15, 1923. 

[Original material: Lago "Todos Santos bei Osorno," Chile, 

coll. Wolffhugel, Herb. Herz. n. 5333 (JE).] 

1766-1 769.1 
60 SMITHSOXIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Plants to 10 cm tall. Stipe 3-6 cm long, bare or 

slightly radiculose below; stipe leaves appressed 

throughout, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, lingulate, 

with broadly rounded tip; serrate with small, sharp 

teeth in distal half, costate to near tip; median cells 

rhomboidal, 12-25 pm wide, 50-60 pm long; cells 

toward margins becoming scarious, smaller, more 

quadrate, mostly 17-20 pm in diameter. Stem leaves 

and lateral leaves of branches oblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 

mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm broad, costa ending well 

before tip, branch leaves with dorsal margins much 

more rounded, tip short-apiculate. Ventral leaves 

symmetrical, broadly ovate, longer and more slenderly acuminate, with excurrent costa. All leaves 

of fronds with marginal 3-4 rows of narrow cells 

reaching to tip; margins strongly serrate, teeth long 

and rather ciliiform toward bases of stem leaves on 

ventral leaves; costae slender, 30 pm wide near 

base; cells of lamina short-rhomboidal, , ca. 25 pm 

long, 17 pm wide, arranged in longitudinal and 

oblique rows, a few short basal cells; most inner 

cells of stem leaves larger, 17-22 pm wide, 30-60 

pm long. Dioicous. Setae ca. 8-12 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 2.0 mm long, with pustules at base; 

spores oval, 10-12 pm, nearly smooth. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. & E. 162, 357. 

MAS A TIERRA: Western slope Piramide Ridge, 

south of Portezuelo de Villagra, H. PiT. E. 28, 39. 

The species is known from central Chile south 

to Tierra del Fuego. It is distinguished from the 

other common Chilean species, H. didictyon C. 

Mull., by the lack of dense, reddish tomentum on 

the stipes. 

RHACOPILACEAE 

Genus Rhacopilum 

Yellowish green plants forming mats with long, 

creeping stems, stems usually reddish radiculose 

below. Leaves of two types, a row on each side of 

larger leaves and two rows on upper surface of 

smaller leaves, lateral leaves curling inward over 

stem when dry. All leaves narrowed distally to an 

excurrent costa, margins slightly to strongly serrate; lamina cells mostly rather isodiametric, 

smooth or papillose, basal cells sometimes elongate, 

alar cells not distinct. Pseudoautoicous or autoicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae elongate, 

smooth or papillose. Capsules narrowly cylindrical, 

usually inclined to horizontal, slightly curved and 

distinctly ribbed when dry; peristome double, complete; operculum short-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, 

pilose. 

The genus is represented throughout most of 

tropical America by a single species. Juan Fernandez has been credited with another apparently 

endemic species. The present collections contain 

material of both species, which are distinguished as 

follows. 

Key to Species of Rhacopilum 

Most cells of lateral leaves 10-12 pm in diameter, those in distal part very irregular 

Most cells of lateral leaves 12-20 km long, usually arranged in rather distinct rows throughout 

R. fernandezianum 

R. tomentosum 

Rhacopilum fernandezianum 

Rhacopilufn fernandeziantcm Card. in Ther., Recueil Publ. 

SOC. Havraise Etud. Div. 88:33, 1921. [Original material: 

Mas a Tierra, coll. Uertero n. 1562, 1830 (PC!).] 

Freely branching stems 1-2 cm long. Lateral 

leaves 1.5-2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, broadly 

ovate-lanceolate, rather short-acute above with 

short- to rather long-excurrent costa; distal margins 

minutely serrulate; dorsal leaves usually smaller, 

ca. 1.0 mm long, 0.4 mni wide, more broadly ovate 

and cordate at base, more tapering and more entire 

distally with longer excurrent costa; cells of lamina 

very irregular, smooth, mostly 8-12 pm in width 

or length, some median and lower cells to 17 pm 

long, shapes yery irregular with some oval, narrowly 

hexagonal, rhomboidal, subquadrate, etc., very few 

arranged in distinct rows; only a few inner basal 

cells enlarged to 40 pm long, 12 pm wide. Autoicous. Setae ca. 1.5-2.0 cm long, smooth. Capsule 

urn 2-4 mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Between Sanchez and Tolten, 515 
XUMBER 27 61 

m, Sk. 259 (S); Q. Casas, Sk. 274 (S); Q. Mono, 475 

m, Sk. 280 (S); Q. Blindado, 440 m, Sk. 28? (S); 

Q. Cabreros, Sk. M167 (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Without precise locality, Bertero 

1562 (type, PC); Q. Juanango, Sk. 257 (S); Q. 

Choza, 250 m, Sk. 258, 279 (S); Q. Monte Maderugo, Sk. 260 (S); Valle Anson, near Plazoleta, ca. 

260 m, Sk. 277, 281 (S); ca. 100 m, Sk. M43 (S); 

Cumberland Bay, Pic0 Central, 390 m, Sk. 261 (S); 

Valle Colonial, Q. Seca, 435 m, Sk. 278 (S); V. C., 

near trail to Portezuelo de Villagra ca. 220 m, Sk. 

MIO, MII, MI4 (S); north slope of El Yunque, 

400-500 m, Sk. 282 (S); V. C., Q. Gutierrez, ca. 300 

m, Sk. 318,322, ?24 (S); Salsipuedes, 615 m, Sk. 319 

(S); ca. 1800 ft, H. dr E. 300; between Villagra and 

Tres Puntas, Sk. 323 (S); Cumberland Bay, El 

Pangal, Sk. M52 part (S); forests of Villagra, 400- 

550 m, Sk. M237 (S); Puerto Frances, Sk. M276 

(S); near Cumberland Bay, K. 33611 part (B); just 

before Plazoleta del Yunque, 800 ft, M. 9532; Pangal Valley, H. 6 E. 20; below and above base of 

Piramide, H. L+ E. 560, 759; near Portezuelo de 

Villagra, ca. 1800 ft, H. & E. 705A, 705B. 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. Most 

characters cited by Theriot (1921), such as larger 

dorsal leaves and more entire margins, are wellknown variable traits of R. tomentosum. The leafcell difference mentioned by Brotherus (1924) is 

valid, however. It has remained necessary only to 

point out that the endemic species is not the only 

Rhacopilum on the islands. 

Rhacopilum tomentosum 

Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2:719, 

1827. 

Hypnum tomentosum Hedw., Sp. Musc. 240, 1801. [Original 

material: Hispaniola, coll. Sulartz, 1783-1787.1 

Hypnttm ornithopodioides Brid., Musc. Rec. 2 (2):124, 1801. 

[Original material: Patagonia.] 

Rhacopilum Zatistipulatum Card., Rev. Bryol. 38:41, 1911. 

[Original material: Esperanza, Puebla, Mexico, coll. Purpus n. 4295, 1908; Boca del Monte, coll. Purpus n. 4280, 

1909.1 

Freely branching stems 1-3 cm long. Lateral 

leaves 1.5-2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, broadly 

ovate-lanceolate, rather short-acute above with 

short- to rather long-excurrent costa, distal margin 

serrulate to coarsely serrate; dorsal leaves usually 

smaller, ca. 1.0 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, more 

broadly ovate and cordate at base, with straighter 

tapering distal margins, less serrulate, costa longerexcurrent. Cells of all laminae mostly broadly oval, 

12 pm wide, 15-25 pm long, with scattered subquadrate cells 10 pm in diameter, most cells arranged in definite longitudinal and oblique rows; 

only a few inner basal cells more elongate with 

more thickened porose walls. Autoicous. Setae 1.5- 

3.0 cm long, smooth. Capsule urn 3-5 mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, ca. 200 m, Sk. 326, MI79 

(S), H. CL- E. 205, 571 part: Q. Ovalo, Sk. M115 (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Valle Colonial, Q. Seca, 435 m, 

Sk. 321 (S); Cumberland Bay, El Pangal, Sk. M52 

part (S); C. B., Cave 6, Sk. M267 (S); C. B., Cave 8, 

Sk. M270 (S); near Cumberland Bay, K. ?36/l 

part (B); trail to Camote, 1400 ft, M. 9619. 

The species is distributed throughout tropical 

and subtropical America. Some treatments extend 

the range into Africa but the most recent treatment of African species (Potier de la Varde, 1936) 

does not mention Rhacopilum tomentosum. The 

species has not been reported previously from Juan 

Fernandez. 

LESKEACEAE 

Genus Thuidium 

Small ot medium-sized, yellowish green, procumbent, pinnately to bipinnately branching heterophyllous plants forming loose mats on soil, rock, 

or trees. Stems with paraphyllia. Leaves ovate, unbordered, costate to near or beyond tip; cells mostly 

isodiametric, papillose, alar cells more quadrate. 

Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae long, slender. 

Capsule inclined to horizonal, cylindrical, often 

curved, smooth; peristome double, complete with 

cilia; operculum short- to long-rostrate. Calyptra 

cucullate, bare or with a few hairs. 

Two species are known from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Thuidium 

Stem leaves 0.7-1.0 mm long; leaf cells unipapillose 

Stem leaves 0.4-0.5 mm long; leaf cells usually 3-4 papillose 

T. masafuerae 

T. furfuromm 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Thuidium furfurosum 

Thuidizirn furfurosuin (Hook. f. & Wils.) 

Oest. Freg. Novara Bot. 1 (3):187, 1870. 

HyPnzrni furfiirosum Hook. f. & \Vils., F1. 

Reichdt., Reise 

Nov. Zel. 2:107, I- .. 

1854. [Original material: New Zealand, coll. Cunningham, 

Colenso, Lyall, etc.] 

Hypnunz sparsum Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Sov. Zel. 2:109, 1854. 

[Original material: Wangerei, North Id., New Zealand, 

Leskea firlvastra Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 4:92, 1859. [Original 

material: Sew Zealand, coll. Bolton, Kerr, Knight, Milne, 

F. Afiiller; Tristan da Cunha, coll. Milne.] 

Hypnuin tingiiiculattim Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Tasm. 2:208, 

1859. [Original material: Tasmania, Yorktown, coll. Lawrence, Gunn nos. 1598, ?7; Sorth-West Bay, coll. Oldfield 

12. 3/36.] 

Hypnicm su6erectzrm Hampe, Linnaea 30:638, 1860. [Original 

material: Tarwin River, Victoria, Australia, coll. F. 

Muller.] 

Hypnzim denticulosum Mitt. in Hook. f., Handb. New Zealand F1. 472, 1867. [Original material: Auckland?, Sorth 

Id., Sew Zealand, coll. Sinclair.] 

Thiiidizirn corralense Broth. in Card. & Broth., K. Svensk. 

Vet. Ak. Handl. 63 (10):62, 1923, nom. nud. in syn. [Original material: Corral, Chile, coll. Dusen n. 81.1 

Thuidizini valdiviae Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:439, 1924. [Original material: Valdivia, Chile, coll. 

A. Hofrnann (H).] 

coll. Bolton.] 

Stems to 10 cm long with branches ca. 0.5 cm 

long, bipinnately branched with leaves incurvedcatenulate when dry. Main stems including leaves 

ca. 0.7 mm wide, with paraphyllia unbranched, 

ending in multipapillose, unenlarged cells. Stem 

leaves deltoid to 0.5 mm long, to 0.3 mm wide, 

narrowly subulate, margins broadly reflexed in 

basal half, costa subpercurrent; cells of lamina ca. 

6 pm wide, mostly 6-7 pm long, 34 papillae on 

each surface, a few distal cells to 10 pm long with 

only 1-2 papillae, apical cells 2-4 papillose, no 

elongated basal cells. Primary branch leaves ovate, 

to 0.4 mm long, ca. 0.25 mm wide, slightly acuminate, secondary branch leaves 0.2 mm long, 0.1 

mm wide, ovate, rather obtusely acute; branch leaf 

cells, including marginal and apical, 6-7 pm in 

diameter, multipapillose. Dioicous. Pericliaetial 

leaves long-filiform-acuminate, sparsely ciliate on 

margins. Setae 2-3 cm long, red, smooth. Capsule 

urn ca. 2 mm long, slightly curved; inner peristome with 2-3 cilia per segment; spores 10-12 pm 

in diameter, smooth; operculum ca. 1 mm long. 

Calyptra bare. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. S E. 163. 

MAS A TIERRA: Wand Damajuana, K. 317/11d 

(B); trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 1800 ft, 

H. & E. 60. 

The species is known from Central and South 

America, the West Indies, Australia, Tasmania, 

New Zealand, South Africa, and islands of the 

South Atlantic and South Pacific. 

Thuidium masafuerae 

Thuidium masafuerae Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:438, 1924. [Original material: Cordon del 

Barril, Mas Afuera, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 513.1 

Stems to 10 cm long with branches ca. 0.5 cm 

long, bipinnately branched with leaves incurvedcatenulate when dry. Main stems including leaves 

ca. 1 mm wide, with paraphyllia unbranched, ending in multipapillose unenlarged cells. Stem leaves 

broadly deltoid, 0.7-1.0 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm 

wide, narrowly subulate, margins broadly reflexed 

in basal half, costa subpercurrent; cells of lamina 

ca. 6 pm in diameter, upper cells 8-10 pm long, 

most cells, including apical, unipapillose; basal 

cells smooth, elongate to 25 pm long. Primary 

branches with numerous, scattered paraphyllia; 

leaves rather deltoid, short-acuminate, to 0.45 mm 

long, 0.35 mm wide, slightly reflexed below; secondary branches without paraphyllia; leaves narrowly ovate, 2.0-2.5 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, 

obtusely acute, margin plane; costae of branch 

leaves ending distinctly below apex; marginal cells 

with 2-3 papillae, usually 1 outward and 1 to each 

side; apical cells with 4-5 papillae: cells of lamina 

6-7 pm in diameter, mostly with 1 sharp papilla 

on each surface. Dioicous. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Below summit of Los Innocentes, 

ca. 4000 ft, H. Q E. 237; Q. Casas, H. & E. 335. 

The species is known only from Mas Afuera. In 

addition to other characters in the key, the species 

can be distinguished from T. furfurosum by the 

elongate basal cells of the stem leaves. 

BRACHYTHECIACEAE 

Genus Catagoniopsis 

Medium-sized, yellowish green, prostrate plants 

with irregularly sparsely branching stems in compact mats; stems with narrow, rather elongate, 
NUMBER 27 63 

hyaline surface cells, without paraphyllia. Leafy 

stems and branches somewhat flattened, not noticeably heterophyllous. Leaves erect-spreading, not 

altered when wet, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acute, 

with margins completely entire; costae single, 

reaching to distal 114, not ending in spine; median 

cells linear, smooth; inner basal cells numerous, 

distinctly rounded with slightly thickened walls, 

extending across adaxial surface at base of costa; a 

small area of small alar cells. Dioicous. Perichaetia 

in lateral buds. Setae long, slender, smooth. Cap 

sule inclined to horizontal, oval to short-oblong, 

slightly curved, smooth, scarcely constricted when 

dry; peristome double, complete with cilia; operculum conical. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus is monotypic. 

Catagoniopsis berteroana 

Catagoniopsis Oerteroana (Mont.) Broth., Sat. PA. 1 (3):1162, 

1909. 

Hypniim berteroanuni Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 4:89, 

1845. [Original material: Near Quillota, Chile, coll. Bertero 

n. 1052.] 

Stems to 5 cm long; surface cells ca. 12 pm wide, 

100 pm long. Leaves rather complanate, ca. 1.5 mm 

long, 0.7 mm wide, ovate with lanceolate tip, ending in very small, slender acumination, rather concave and slightly plicate in lower 1/2; margins 

absolutely entire, slightly recurved below; median 

cells of lamina ca. 4 pm wide, 50-75 pm long; 

apical cells shorter, to 5 pm wide, mostly 25-30 pm 

long; lower leaf cells 5-7 pm wide, 15-20 pm long; 

inner basal cells rounded to oval with slightly 

thicker corners, 12-15 pm in diameter, in 3-4 tiers 

across base; alar cells few, 5-10 pm wide, 10-20 pm 

long. Perichaetial leaves to 2.5 mm long, with longer, more slender, slightly spreading tips, entire. 

Setae to 2 cm long, reddish. Capsule urn 1.0-1.5 

mm long; spores ca. 10 pm in diameter, nearly 

smooth. 

The species is known only from Chile but has 

been reported from Mas a Tierra on the basis of 

a Moseley collection. I have not been able to confirm the record. One specimen seen from Juan 

Fernandez under the name, Bertem n. 1594 ex Herb. 

Duby, ex Herb. Boissier (S), proves to be Hypniim 

lechleyi. 

Genus Rhynchostegium 

Small to medium-sized, yellowish green plants 

with stems usually creeping and branches spreading or ascending. Stems with narrow, elongate surface cells and no paraphyllia. Leafy stems and 

branches often flattened, with erect-spreading 

leaves not noticeably altered when moist; not 

strongly heterophyllous. Leaves ovate to lanceolate 

with tips obtuse to slenderly acuminate; margins 

weakly to strongly serrulate; costae single, very 

slender, reaching beyond midleaf, sometimes ending in abaxial spine; median and lower cells of 

laminae linear, smooth, thin-walled; blunt-leaved 

species with short cells apically; very few subquadrate alar cells. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae 

long, slender, smooth or papillose. Capsules inclined to horizontal, oval to cylindrical, smooth; 

slightly curved, scarcely constricted when dry; 

peristome double, complete with cilia; operculum 

rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

Two species are reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Rhychostegium 

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, not or slightly acuminate; median cells mostly 40-75 pm long ...... 

R. complanum 

Leaves broadly ovate, short- to rather long-acuminate; median cells 80-140 Frn long ............ 

R. tenuifolia 

.................................................................................................................................. 

.................................................................................................. 

Rhynchostegium complanum 

Khynchostegirm coinplanzim (Mitt.) Jaeg., Ber. St. Gall. 

Naturw. Ges. 1876-1877:374, 1878 (Ad. 2:440). 

[Original material: Chile, coll.!, Herb. Montagne.] 

Rather slender plants with prostrate stems to 5 

cm long, branches spreading, to ca. 1 cm long, leafy 

stems and branches complanate. Leaves rather 

widely spreading on sides, to 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm 

wide, only slightly concave at base, ovate-cordate 

~ypntlm conplmzo,t Mitt., J. Linn. sot., Bat. i2:m, 1869. 
G4 ShlITHSONIAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

with lanceolate subula, scarcely acuminate; margins 

recurved near base, serrulate from near base; 

costae to 3/5 of leaf length, ending in small spine, 

ca. 25 pm wide at base; median cells 6-7 pm wide, 

40-75 pm long, linear; apical cells not noticeably 

shorter, ca. 50 pm long; basal cells to 15 pm wide, 

25 pm long; 8-10 short-rectangular alar cells which 

are 10-17 pm wide, 20-30 pm long, surrounded by 

longer, narrower cells. Autoicous. Perichaetial 

leaves subulate-acuminate, serrulate. Setae ca. 1.5 

cm long or longer, smooth, reddish. Capsule urn 

curved, rather slender. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Blindado, 440 m, Sk. 506 (S); 

Q. Casas, Sk. 111182 (S); Sanchez-Tolten forest, ca. 

700 m, Sk. A1196 (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Damajuana, Sk. 432, 435 (S), 

400-450 m, Sk. A4214 (S); below Portezuelo, ca. 500 

in, Sk. 433 (S); Portezuelo Ridge, ca. 550 m, Sk. 

434 (S); Valle Colonial, near trail to Portezuelo de 

Villagra, ca. 220 m, Sk. AI5, MI1 (S); Cumberland 

Bay, El Pangal, Sk. M49, M52 part (S); Q. Frances, 

slope of Cordon Chifladores, K. A184 (S); Puerto 

Frances, SK. M85 (S); Q. ostl. Plazoleta, 200 m, K. 

320/7 part (B); Plazoleta del Yunque, trail to, 

between 150-200 m, K. 334/3 (B), forest above, 

400-450 m, Sk. M249 (S). 

The species is known only from Chile. 

Rhynchostegium tenuif olium 

Rhy?ichostegiu,tz tenuifolium (Hedw.) Reichdt., Reise Oest. 

HyPnton tentcifoliurn Hedw., Sp. Musc. 283, 1801. [Original 

Hyptina collatum Hook. f. & Wils., F1. Tasm. 2:209, 1859. 

Freg. Novara Bot. 1 (3):191, 1850. 

material: Insulae Australes, coll. Banks?] 

[Original material: Tasmania, coll. Gtmn.] 

Rather slender plants with creeping stems to 8 

cm long, spreading to erect branches 1.0-1.5 cm 

long, prostrate or spreading axes with leaves usually 

compressed, spreading, erect branches often with 

erect-spreading leaves. Leaves usually 1 .O-2.5 mm 

long, 0.5-1.4 mm wide, stem leaves sometimes 

longer, concave, base ovate-cordate, rather abrupt, 

short- to rather long-acuminate tip, tip sometimes 

twisted; margins sliglitly recurved onli at extreme 

base, usually distinctly serrulate along distal 1 /2; 

costae reaching slightly beyond midleaf; median 

cells 7-10 pm wide, mostly 80-140 pm long, linear, 

sometimes pellucid; cells of acumination often 

shorter, rhomboidal, 25-30 pm long; inner basal 

cells to 12 pm wide, 25 pm long; a few shortrectangular alar cells which are 10-12 pm wide, 

30-45 pm long. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves to 

3.0 mm long with long, slenderly acuminate, 

slightly spreading, weakly serrulate tips. Setae 1 .O1.5 cm long or longer, smooth, reddish. Capsule 

urn ca. 2.0 mm long, curved, rather slender; spores 

12-14 pm in diameter, very minutely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. Q E. 155. 

The species is known from New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia, and Chile. 

Genus Rigodium 

Medium-sized to rather large, bi- or tripinnately 

branching plants in loose mats, with or without 

well-developed stipes. Leaves strongly heterophyllous; stem leaves squarrose-spreading or with 

squarrose-recurved tips, with median cells rather 

elongate; branch leaves broadly to narrowly ovate; 

costa usually reaching to acumination or subpercurrent; cells of lamina usually short, narrowly 

oval to rounded, smooth or papillose at cell ends. 

Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds, with leaf tips 

prominently spreading-recurved. Setae elongate, 

smooth. Capsules inclined to horizontal, oval, 

Key to Species of Rigodium 

1. Plants x\ithout long stipes, subpinnately branching throughout; main stem leates ttlth costa 

very short or lacking R. hylocomioides 

1. Plants itith distinct stipes, frondose, often with attenuate branches, main stem leaves with 

2 

2. Stipe leaves with italls of median cells tery unequally thickened, porose and sometimes 

papillose at ends of cells, acumen less than 1/2 as long as blade R. arborescens 

2. 3 

3 Leaves acuminate throughout plant, stem leal es long-filiform acuminate R. toxmion 

3. Branch leates mostly narrowly acute, upper stem leaves rather short-acuminate 

R. robusturn 

costae of most leaves reaching base of acumination 

Stipe leaves r\ith i$alls of median cells evenly thickened, smooth 
NUMBER 27 65 

smooth; peristome double, teeth transversely striate 

below, cilia present; operculum short-rostrate. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

I have removed the genus Rigodium from the 

Lembophyllaceae to which it definitely does not 

belong. It is with less certainty that I return the 

genus to its former position (Brotherus, 1909) in 

the Brachytheciaceae. The habit and short leaf 

cells are more like Thuidium and other Leskeaceae, 

but paraphyllia and distinct leaf papillae are both 

lacking. The capsules are unlike the Amblystegiaceae. At least some known members of the Brachytheciaceae do possess each of the characters of 

Rigodium, and Stokesiella is very similar with its 

stipes and strong heterophylly. 

Three or four species of Rigodizim occur in Juan 

Fernandez. Reported species can be distinguished 

by the accompanying key. 

Rigodium arborescens 

Rigodium nrborescens (C. Mull,) Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1 (3):1160, 

1909. 

Hypnztm nrborescens C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 172, 1858. [Original 

material: Near Colonia Arique, Prov. Valdivia, Chile, coll. 

Lechler n. 629.1 

Rigodiztm lechleri Schimp. in Lor., Bot. Zeit. 24:180, 1866, 

nom. illeg. incl. spec. prior. [Original material: Sear 

Colonia Arique, Prov. Valdivia, Chile, coll. Leclzler n. 629.1 

Yellowish green to dark green plants with creeping radiculose primary stems and arborescent, 

branched secondary stems, distinct stipes 1.04.0 

cm long, branches 1.0-1.5 cm long. Stipe leaves 

usually squarrose from the base, rather concave, 

broadly deltoid, to 1 mm wide, ca. 0.8-1.0 mm long 

with abrupt, slender, short acumination 0.25-0.3 

mm long; margin slightly serrulate, lower margin 

not recurved; costa reaching into acumination; 

inner cells of lamina mostly linear, 6-8 pm wide, 

17-40 pm long; walls very unevenly thickened, 

porose with knobs on end walls projecting abaxially as papillae; cells becoming shorter, broader, 

slightly thicker-walled toward margin, 8-10 pm 

wide, mostly 17-22 pm long; a few very thickwalled cells inside margin at base, 1240 pm long; 

cells at basal margin in 3-4 rows, subquadrate to 

rounded, 10-12 pm in diameter. Leaves of upper 

stem and primary branches ca. 0.35-0.6 mm long, 

0.3-0.7 mm wide, deltoid to broadly ovate with 

short, broad acumination, erect-spreading when 

moist, tips usually incurved when dry, margin 

slightly serrulate to subentire; costae percurrent, 

stout, 30-50 pm wide; median cells small, short, 

6-8 pm wide, 7-14 pm long, few to many projecting 

as papillae at upper ends abaxially; walls only 

slightly thickened; alar cells subquadrate to shortrectangular; 7 pm wide, 7-15 pm long. Secondary 

and ultimate branch leaves 0.2-0.3 mm long, 0.12- 

0.17 mm wide, narrowly ovate with tapering, shortacute tips which are incurved when dry, spreading 

when moist; costae and cells as in primary branch 

leaves. Setae 10-12 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 1.5 

mm long. 

I have seen essentially all material determined 

as R. arborescens by Brotherus (1924) and Bartram 

(1957) and all represent what I consider R. robzistzim or R. toxarion. At the present it seems R. 

arbowscens is restricted to the mainland of Chile 

and does not occur on Juan Fernandez. 

There are two additional, rather distinctive 

species of Rigodium that might be found on Juan 

Fernandez. Rigodium implexzim Kunz. ex Schwaegr. 

can be distinguished by its stiff, straight stems and 

branches and all leaves strongly squarrose wet or 

dry. Rigodium tamarix C. Mull. (including R. elegantiilzim Card. nom. nud.) is a more slender, 

straggling plant with more appressed, nearly sheathing stipe leaves that have more strongly differentiated cells toward the margins. Both these species 

are found in Chile, Patagonia, or Tierra del Fuego. 

These by no means complete the roster of the 

genus, and a full-scale revision is much needed. 

Rigodium hylocomioides 

Rigodizm hylocomioides Card. & Broth., K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. 

Handl. 63 (10):69, 1923. [Original material: Southern Patagonia; Skyring, Puerto Pinto n. 8f1, Dawson Id., Harris 

Bay 17. 843. Tierra del Fucgo; Seno Almirantazgo, Hope 

Bay n. 8f2. .411 coll. C. Skottsberg, 1907-1909.1 

Yellowish green plants in loosely tangled mats 

to 4 cm high, without distinct, erect stipes, rhizoids 

in scattered patches but stems mostly bare. Mature 

stem leaves mostly squarrose from a concave base, 

with slender, usually recurved acumination, blade 

to 1.0 mm wide, 0.5 mm long, rather auriculate, 

tapering gradually into acumen which is 0.3-0.5 

mm long; lower margins rather strongly recurved, 

serrulate; costa usually short and double, weak, 

rarely reaching acumen; inner cells of lamina short- 
66 SMITHSOXIAX CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

linear, ca. 6 pm wide, 25-30 pm long; cell walls 

only slightly thickened, not as wide as lumens; 

upper marginal cells scarcely shorter or broader 

than median cells; many alar cells subquadrate in 

cluster at base of small auricle, cells 12-15 pm long. 

Branch leaves laxly spreading, ovate; primary 

branch leaves ca. 0.6 mm long, to 0.4 mm wide, 

slightly acuminate, margin serrulate, basal margin 

broadly reflexed; costa subpercurrent, ca. 20 pm 

wide at base; inner cells of lamina 4-6 pm wide, 

12-20 pm long; marginal cells more rounded, to 

8 pm wide, 12 pm long; alar cells short-rhomboidal 

to subquadrate, ca. 10 pm in diameter; secondary 

and ultimate branch leaves smaller, 0.4-0.5 mm 

long, acute not acuminate, less recurved on margin. 

Sporophyte not known. 

MAS AFUERA: Correspondencia, ca. 1100 m, Sk. 

466 (S); Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 4000 ft, 

H. h E. 235. 

The species is known only from Patagonia, 

Tierra del Fuego, and Juan Fernandez. In Juan 

Fernandez it apparently is restricted to high open 

areas. 

Rigodium robustum 

Rigodium robusttint Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2443, 1924. [Original material: Salsipuedes, 625 m, 

Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 429 (S!).] 

Rigodium looseri Ther., Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 31:25, 1928. 

[Original material: Mas a Tierra, without locality, coll. 

Bertero, 1830; trail to Portezuelo, coll. G. Looser, n. 8 part, 

1927.1 

Yellowish green plants with creeping, slightly 

radiculose primary stems, frondosely branched 

secondary stems borne on distinct stipes. Stipes 1.0- 

1.5 cm long. Stipe leaves usually squarrose from a 

concave base with spreading, often flexuous, acumination, 0.6-1 .O mm wide, broadly ovate blade 

0.7-1.0 mm long, subcordate, narrowed to an 

abrupt, slender acumination which is 0.3-0.5 mm 

long; margin weakly serrulate, lower margin only 

slightly recurved; costa reaching into acumination; 

inner cells of lamina mostly linear, 7-8 pm wide, 

mostly 15-30 pm long, with walls evenly thickened, 

as thick as some lumens, without papillae, grading 

into shorter cells toward margin that are 10-17 pm 

long; alar cells to 12 pm wide, 1240 pm long, very 

thick-walled in distinct, small cluster. Leaves of 

upper stem and primary branches ca. 0.6-0.7 mm 

long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, broadly ovate with short, 

broad acumination, erect-spreading when moist, 

tips usually incurved slightly when dry; costae subpercurrent, mostly ca. 30 pm wide at base; median 

cells 5-7 pm wide, 10-20 pm long, grading into 

shorter, broader, slightly thicker-walled cells toward 

margin that are 8-10 pni in diameter and smooth; 

a few rounded to subquadrate alar cells ca. 10 pm 

in diameter. Secondary and ultimate branch leaves 

0.3-0.4 mm long, to 0.2 mm broad, acute or very 

slightly acuminate, narrowly ovate, not appressed 

when dry; costae and cells as in primary branch 

leaves. Sporopliyte not known. 

MAS AFUERA: Between Sanchez and Tolten, 515 

m, Sk. 423 (S); Q. Mono, 475 m, Sk. 463 (S); Q. 

Casas, Sk. 465, M98, M277 part (S), H. Q E. 50, 116, 

149 part, 631; Sanchez Tolten forest, ca. 700 m, Sk. 

iM195, MI97 (S); Q. Blindado, H. Q E. 89; without 

locality, H. iL- E. 798 part. 

MAS A TIERRA: Salsipuedes, Sk. 425 (S), 625 m, 

Sk. 429 (type, S); below Portezuelo, ca. 500 m, Sk. 

426 part (S); NE slope of Cerro Piramide, 350-450 

m, Sk. M30 (S); below Piramide, H. Q E. 3b, 560a; 

Q. Damajuana, 400450 m, Sk. M211 (S); forests 

of Villagra, 400-550 m, Sk. M235 (S); Q. ostl. 

Plazoleta, 200 m, K. 320/7 (B). 

As presently known the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. It is very closely related to R. 

toxarion, with which it may become intricately 

intermixed. Rigodium robustum differs by the 

broader, shorter-tipped, less spreading leaves of the 

upper stems and primary branches and by the 

mostly acute rather than acuminate, less appressed 

leaves of the ultimate branches. Plants are not 

characteristically large, nor are stems unusually 

nonradiculose as suggested by Brotherus (1924). 

Rigodium toxarion 

Rigodium toxarion (Schwaegr.) Jaeg., Ber. St. Gall. Naturw. 

Ges. 1876-1877:244, 1878 (Ad. 2:310). 

Hypnum toxarion Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1 (2):283, 1816. 

[Original material: Hispaniola.] 

Rigodium nano-fasciczilntum C. Mull. ex Ther., Rev. Bryol. 

n. ser., 2:232, 1930. [Original material: Victoria, Chile, coll. 

Carnpo n. IOB part.] 

Yellowish to dark green plants, with creeping 

radiculose primary stems, frondosely branched secondary stems borne on distinct stipes. Stipes 1.0-1.5 

cm long. Stipe leaves usually squarrose from a 
NUMBER 27 67 

concave base, with spreading, flexuous acumination, 

0.6-1.0 mm wide, very broadly ovate blade ca. 

0.5-0.7 mm long, subcordate, narrowed to an 

abrupt, slender acumination which is 0.4-0.7 mm 

long; margin weakly to strongly serrulate, lower 

margin only slightly recurved; costa reaching into 

acumination, sometimes weak, very rarely short; 

inner cells of lamina mostly linear, 6-8 pm wide, 

20-30 pm long, walls evenly thickened and as thick 

as some lumens, without papillae, grading into 

broader, shorter cells toward margin that are 12- 

17 pm long; alar cells in distinct, small cluster, 

cells to 12 pm wide and 25 pm long, thick-walled. 

Leaves of upper stems and primary branches ca. 

0.6 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, broadly ovate with 

spreading, slender-acuminate tips: costae subpercurrent, mostly ca. 30 pm wide at base; inner cells of 

lamina 6-8 pm wide, 12-30 pm long, shorter toward 

upper margin, usually smooth, rarely with projecting upper ends; rounded to subquadrate alar cells 

8-10 pm in diameter. Secondary and ultimate 

branch leaves 0.3-0.4 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, 

narrowly ovate with short to attenuate acumination, usually rather appressed when dry: costae and 

cells as in primary branch leaves. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, Sk. M277 part (S). H. Cir 

E. I16 part, 149 part; near Camp Correspondencia, 

ca. 3500 ft, H. Q E. 70d; trail to Los Innocentes, 

ca. 3000 ft, H. CL- E. 451A. 558; Q. Mono, H. & E. 

564, ca. 400 m, H. Q E. 651, 654. 

MAS A TIERRA: Below Portezuelo, ca. 500 m, Sk. 

426 part (S); trail to Damajuana, 400 m, K. 307/11 

(B): west slope of Cordon Salsipuedes, 1700-2000 

ft, H. CL- E. 7c, 8b, 295; trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, H. Q E. 315b, I800 ft. H. Cir E. 326; below east 

face, El Yunque, ca. 1600 ft, H. Q E. 363. 

The species is known from the West Indies and 

in South America from Venezuela and Colombia 

south to Chile. Descriptions often refer to the 

costae as long-excurrent, which is the impression 

given by the long, slender acuminations of the 

leaves. 

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE 

Genus Amblystegium 

Small to medium-sized, freely branching, usually 

prostrate plants forming loose mats. Leafy stems 

not or slightly compressed, scarcely altered when 

moist. Leaves ovate-lanceolate with evenly tapered 

or acuminate tips; margins entire or serrulate; 

costae distinct to midleaf, sometimes longer: cells 

of lamina mostly short-rhomboidal, smooth: alar 

cells rather small, subquadrate, in small group. 

Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae erect, slender, 

smooth. Capsule inclined to horizontal, curved, 

smooth, more curved and strongly constricted under 

mouth when dry; peristome double, complete, teeth 

with transverse striations below; operculum conical. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Amblystegium serpens 

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G., Byrol. Eur. 6:53, 1853 

(fasc. 55-56, Mon. 9.3). 

Hypnum serpens Hedw., Sp. Musc. 268, 1801. [Original material: England, coll. Dillen.] 

Very small, slender, yellowish green plants, with 

irregularly pinnate, often erect branches. Leaves 

to 1.0 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, being smaller on 

branches, appressed or erect-spreading, slightly 

more spreading when moist, slenderly acute or 

acuminate; margins serrulate distally: costae ending 

near midleaf; median cells of lamina 15-20 pm 

long, 5-7 pm wide, some very slightly papillose at 

upper ends: alar cells subquadrate, 7 pm wide, 

7-10 pm long. Autoicous. Setae ca. 7 mm long. Capsule urn ca. 1.0 mm long; peristome with cilia in 

groups of 1-3; spores 11-15 pm in diameter, nearly 

smooth. 

MAS A TIERRA: West slope of Cordon Salsipuedes, 

ca. 1800 ft, H. & E. 309 part. 

The species is distributed over most of the north 

temperate region and in New Zealand and the 

Falkland Islands to the south. It has not been previously reported from Juan Fernandez. The Juan 

Fernandez material has many parts (such as leaf 

cells, setae, and capsules) about half the size given 

for A. serpens. The species usually has leaf cells 

30-110 pm long, setae 1.0-1.5 cm long, and capsule 

urns 1.5-2.0 mm long. Some distinction may eventually be necessary. 

Genus Sciaromium 

Coarse, dark green to brownish aquatic plants 

with sparsely branched, undifferentiated stems, 

without paraphyllia: cells of stem surface narrow, 
68 SMITHSON'IAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

elongated. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, erectspreading and little altered when dry; margins and 

costae distinctly multistratose without differentiated 

internal structure, these all fusing distally and filling apex; cells of lamina mostly unistratose, often 

lacking through abrasion in older leaves, smooth or 

very slightly projecting at upper ends, rather thinwalled; basal cells not differentiated. Dioicous. 

Perichaetia in lateral buds. Sporophytes unknown. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

walled, porose. Perichaetia in lateral bud. Setae 

elongate, smooth. Capsule inclined to horizontal, 

curved, smooth, somewhat constricted below mouth 

when dry; peristome double, complete; operculum 

conical. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

Sainsbury (1955a) has reviewed some of the history leading to the inclusion of Calliqgon in this 

genus. Karczmarz (1 966) has reviewed the two subantarctic species. One species occurs in Juan 

Fernandez. 

Sciaromium pachyloma Acrocladium nuriculatum 

Scinro,rziitin pnclzylomn (Mont.) Par., Ind. Bryol. 1155, 1898. 

Gpmtiostoniitm pnchylo?na Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 

9:51, 1838. [Original material: Near Valparaiso, Chile, coll. 

d'0rbigny.J 

Dark green plants in large mats with stems to 

20 cm long. Leaves ca. 0.7 mm wide, 2.0 nim long, 

ovate-lanceolate with narrowly acute tips; margins 

entire with a few slightly projecting cell tips at 

apex; costae and borders each 80-100 pm wide, 

costa in section ca. 10 cells thick, borders ca. 6-8 

cells thick, cells 5-8 pm in diameter, outer surface 

of borders at base with a single layer of a few more 

lax cells; cells of lamina 6-7 pm wide, mostly 12- 

25 pm long, rhomboidal to short-rectangular, a few 

scattered cells to 50 pm long, a few basal cells to 

10 pm wide. 

MAS AFUERA: 8. Vaca, H. d~ E. 206. 

MAS A TIERRA: Pangal Falls, Sk. 239 (S), N. Q E. 

Tlie species is known only from Chile and 

189. 

Argentina. 

Genus Acrocladium 

Acyoclodiittn nitricitlntum (Mont.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 

12532, 18FI). 

Hypnituz nitriculntuvz Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Dot. ser. 2, 19:240, 

1843. [Original material: Straits of Magellan, Tierra del 

Fuego, coll. AI. Jortqititiot (PC).] 

Yellowish green plants growing on organic substrate, with stems rather erect to 10 cm long, central 

strand very small. Leaves 2 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm 

wide, broadly oblong-cordate with auricles up to 

1 /2 basal width, concave; margins incurved above, 

plane and subserrate on auricles, erect and scarcely 

crenulate at tip; costa slender, up to 1/4 leaf length; 

most cells of lamina 4-5 pm wide, mostly 40-60 pm 

long, linear, slightly sinuous; grading into 2-3 rows 

of short cells along rounded apex that are ca. 10 

pm long; inner basal cells to 10 pm wide, with 

thicker porose walls; large area of inflated alar cells 

rather sharply demarcated, cells to 30 pm wide and 

40 pm long, thin-walled; 2 rows of small, narrow, 

incrassate cells at alar margin. Autoicous. Setae 2-4 

cm long, slender. Capsule urn ca. 2.5 mm long, 

quite curved when dry; spores 12-17 pm in diameter, nearly smooth. 

MAS AFUERA: Trail to Los Innocentes. ca. 3000 

Yellowish green, often semiaquatic plants with 

erect to procumbent, sparsely to pinnately brancliing Stems forming large mats or tufts; Stems wit11 

central strand, wit11 long, narrow surface cells, 

without paraphyllia. Leaves laxly to densely imbricate, often giving julaceous appearance, scarcely 

ft, H. & E. 725. 

The species is restricted to southern Soutli America and adjacent islands. It has not been previously 

reported from Juan Fernandez. Tlie capsule is not 

as erect as sllown in most illustrations. 

altered when dry, young leaves often in distinct, 

tight bud. Leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, con- PLAGIOTHECIACE AE - 

Genus Catagonium cave, apex rounded or slightly apiculate; margins 

entire or nearly so, plane or incurved; costae short 

and double or reaching beyond midleaf; median Slender, lustrous yellowish green plants in tancells of lamina linear, thin-walled; alar cells usually gled patches; leafy stems very flattened, pseudosharply differentiated, inflated; basal cells thick- distichous, sparsely branched. Leaves spreading at 
NUMBER 27 69 

about 45" angle, not altered when dry, oblong, 

with or without apiculus; costae very short or lacking; cells of lamina narrowly linear, smooth; basal 

cells shorter, alar cells not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae long, smooth. Capsule 

inclined, rather cylindrical, smooth; annulus broad; 

peristome double, complete; operculum conicrostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The family placement of the segregate genus, 

Ezicatagoniurn Broth., has been discussed by Andrews (1949). As indicated by Wijk (1957) the 

leaves of these species are not really distichous. One 

species of this group occurs in Juan Fernandez. 

Catagonium politum 

Cntagoniurn politiinz (Hook. f. & Wils.) Broth., Sat. Pfl. l(3): 

1088, 1908. 

Hypnum politurn Hook. f. & TVils., London J. Bot. 3:553, 

1844. [Original material: Hermite Id., Cape Horn, coll. 

J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843 (lectotype, present designation; 

91 

Slender, flexuous stems mostly 2 cm long. Leaves 

usually spreading at about 45O angle, on mature 

branches compressed into 2 apparent rows; leaves 

of mature stems usually contiguous to slightly imbricate or equitant, smaller and more irregular on 

flagellate branches, ca. 1.2 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, 

cymbiform, oblong-lanceolate when opened out; 

apex rather blunt, apiculate with short, slightly 

reflexed, slender tip; margins entire. Cells very 

narrowly linear, 3-4 pm wide, up to 150 pm long; 

basal cells mostly 2540 pm long, to 7 pm wide. 

Setae 1.25-2.0 cm long. Capsules 2.0-2.5 mm long, 

distinctly apophysate; peristome with cilia in 

groups of 2; spores 12-16 pm in diameter, appearing smooth. 

MAS AFUERA: Near summit of Los Innocentes, 

ca. 5000 ft, H. CL. E. 233c. 

The species is known from Colombia southward 

to Tierra del Fuego in South America, Australia, 

Tasmania, New Zealand, and Kerguelen. It has 

not previously been reported from Juan Fernandez. 

HOOKERIACEAE 

The relationships of the family have received 

considerable attention recently. In preliminary 

studies of some Colombian mosses (Robinson, 

1967) and in a revised list of families (Robinson, 

1971), the family has been placed in the relationship of the Plagiotheciaceae and Sematophyllaceae. 

This was done in the belief that there is a hypnoid 

complex with leaf costae basically short or double 

and with alar cells often undifferentiated. Similarity between peristomes of some Hookeriaceae and 

Sematophyllaceae was also a fattor. It would seem 

that the strong double costa is derived from a 

reduced form and that the undifferentiated alar 

cells represent a derived condition. I feel it is 

because of the highly developed and sometimes 

single costae of the leaves that the true relationship 

of the Hookeriaceae has been overlooked for so 

long. Crosby (1969), in his revision of Pilotrichurn, 

has questioned the naturalness of the Hookeriaceae, 

and he has reduced the Pilotrichaceae to synonymy. 

In more recent work, Crosby (1 974) has recognized 

the segregate family, Daltoniaceae, partly on the 

basis of the papillose peristome teeth. Of the 13 

genera segregated, only Daltonia occurs in Juan 

Fernandez. Most members of the Hookeriaceae 

from southern South America have been treated by 

Matteri (1972, and in press in Noun fledwigin). 

IMost recently the Chilean genus Bryodusenia has 

been transferred to the Hookeriaceae from the 

Meteoriaceae (Robinson, 1974). 

Genus Daltonia 

Yellowish green, usually epiphytic plants with 

stems erect in small tufts. LeaCy stems not compressed. Stem without central strand, with large, 

reddish brown surface cells. Leaves crowded, slightly 

more flexuous when dry, lanceolate, bordered with 

slender, elongate cells; costa single, reaching to 

distal 1/5 of leaf; cells of upper lamina small, 

narrowly to broadly oval, smooth, walls very 

slightly incrassate; lower cells lax and elongate; 

alar cells not distinct. Autoicous or synoicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds, but base hidden in tufts 

and often appearing apical. Setae elongate, smooth 

or rough. Capsules erect or inclined, oval, smooth; 

peristome double, teeth and segments papillose, 

cilia lacking; operculum rostrate. Calyptra mitrate, 

covering only top of urn, with a dense fringe on 

basal margin. 

The American species of the genus have been 

revised by Bartram (1931). Only one species is 

known from Juan Fernandez. 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Daltonia gracilis 

Daltonia gracilis Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 12:402, 1869. [Original material: Canelos, Andes Quitenses, 3000 ft, Ecuador, 

coll. Spruce n. 560.1 

Daltonia lorifolia C. Mull., Flora 58:550, 1875. [Original material: Candelaria, Costa Rica, coll. Oersted.] 

Daltonia wallisii C. Mull,, Flora 58:550, 1875. [Original material: San Isabel, above 8000 ft, Antioquia, Colombia, coll. 

G. Wallis, 1874.1 

Daltonia ocanniana C. Mull., Flora 58:55l, 1875. [Original 

material: Ocanna, Colombia, coll. G. Wallis, 1874.1 

Daltonia hampeana Geh., Rev. Bryol. 6:67, 1879; Geh., in 

Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. Kjoebenh. ser. 4, 1:122, 

1879. [Original material: near Apiahy, Prov. Sao Paulo, 

Brasil, coll. Puiggari, June 1877.1 

Daltonia rninirtifolia C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser., 

4:148, 1897. [Original material: Near Choquecamata, Prov. 

Cochabamba, 10,000-12,000 ft, Bolivia, coll. Germain, 1889.1 

Daltoizia czirvicuspes C. Mull., Hedwigia 39:268, 1900. [Original material: Serra Our0 Preto, Minas Geraes, Brasil, coll. 

E. Ule n. 1438, Feb. 1892.1 

Daltonia krauseana C. Mull. ex Dus., Bot. Not. 19053307, 

1905. [Original material: Valdivia, Chile, coll. Krause.] 

Small, epiphytic tufts to 9 mm high. Leaves to 

2.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, apex very slenderly 

acuminate; margins narrowly recurved, entire, with 

2-4 rows of marginal cells; costa ca. 35 pm wide at 

base; median cells of lamina mostly ca. 8 pm wide, 

upper cells 20-25 pm long; lower median cells 

25-50 pm long; basal cells mostly linear-oblong, to 

50 pm long, a few to 20 pm wide or more. Setae ca. 

6 mm long, roughened above. Capsule urn to 1.2 

mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Near Camp Correspondencia, ca. 

3800 ft, H. 6 E. 138; Q. Mono, 400-430 m, H. 6 E. 

166 part. 

The species is known from Mexico and Central 

America and throughout South America. It has not 

previously been reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Genus Distichophyllum 

Small to medium-sized, yellowish green plants 

with freely branching, usually prostrate stems. 

Leafy stems compressed, usually complanate; stem 

surface of large reddish brown cells, central strand 

present but sometimes weak. Leaves crowded, 

slightly contorted when dry, rather obovate, usually 

bordered with slender, elongate cells; costa single, 

reaching midleaf or beyond; cells of upper lamina 

small, oval-hexagonal to rounded, smooth, walls 

thin but firm; basal cells lax and more elongate; 

alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia in lateral buds. 

Setae slender. Capsules inclined to horizontal, oval, 

smooth; peristome double, teeth with longitudinal 

median groove, with transverse striations below, 

cilia rudimentary or lacking; operculum rostrate. 

Calyptra mitrate, covering only upper part of urn, 

dense fringe on basal margin, surface sometimes 

rough. 

Two species are known from Juan Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Distichophyllum 

Leaves bordered throughout by long, narrow cells 

Leaves not bordered in apical half 

D. assimile 

D. subelimbatum 

Distichophyllum assimile 

Distichophyllum assimile Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:434, 1924. [Original material: SW side of 

Portozuelo, ca. 550 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 307 (S!).] 

Distichophyllzitn fernandezianum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. 

Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:435, 1924. [Original material: Sear 

Camp Correspondencia, 1100 m, Mas Afuera, coll. C. L- 1. 

Skottsberg n. 303 (S!).] 

Small, pale green plants becoming brownish and 

radiculose below, with stems erect to procumbent 

in tufts 1.0-2.5 cm high. Leafy stems to 3.0 mm 

broad, when procumbent rather compressed or 

complanate. Leaves 1.1-1.7 mm long, 0.6-1.0 mm 

wide, broadly elliptical to obovate, sharply apiculate; margins with border of narrow, elongate cells 

throughout, in ca. 3 rows, often narrowly recurved 

below, remotely, sharply serrulate in distal 1/2; 

costa rather slender, reaching to distal 1/5 of leaf, 

40-50 pm wide at base; cells of lamina mostly 12- 

17 pm wide; upper cells mostly short-rhomboidal, 

15-25 pm long; basal cells lax, to 25 pm wide and 

75 pm long. Dioicous (?), Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Near Camp Correspondencia, 1100 

m, Sk. 303 (type of D. fernanderianum, S); 9. 

Dona Maria (also called Floripa), Sk. MI72 (S); 
NUMBER 27 71 

Los Innocentes, near summit, 4500-5000 ft, H. Q E. 

95; trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, H. Q E. 585. 

MAS A TIERRA: SW side of Portozuelo, ca. 550 m, 

Sk. 307 (type, S); summit region of El Yunque, ca. 

900 m, K. M339 (S). 

The species has also been reported from Australia. The primary distinction of D. fernandezianum 

was lamina cells 7-10 pm in diameter, but the type 

material was in very poor condition and measurements were misleading. 

Distichophyllum subelimbatum 

Distichophyllum subelimbatum Broth, in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:434, 1924. [Original material: On ridge 

between valles Piedra Agujereada and Laura, 650 m, Mas 

a Tierra, coll. C. LIY I. Skottsberg n. 306 (lectotype, present 

designation; S).] 

Small, pale green prostrate plants on rotten wood 

or moist sandstone. Leafy stems very complanate, 

2-3 mm broad, sparingly radiculose. Leaves to 1.5 

mm long, 1.0 mm wide, broadly obovate, some 

mature leaves with very narrowly cuneate bases, 

apex rounded or apiculate; margins plane, bordered by 1-2 rows of narrow, elongate cells in 

lower half, distal margin minutely and very closely 

serrulate; costa very slender, ending near distal 

1/3 of leaf, ca. 25 pm wide at base; cells of lamina 

mostly 12-1 5 pm wide; upper cells oval-hexagonal, 

15-20 pm long, with slightly thickened ends; basal 

cells lax, 17-23 pm wide, 30-50 pm long. Dioicous. 

Setae ca. 8 mm long, smooth. Calyptra scabrous 

apically. 

MAS AFUERA: Near Camp Correspondencia, ca. 

3800 ft, H. Q E. 79. 

MAS A TIERRA: Wall of cave, Valle Colonial, 

Cumberland Bay, Sk. s.n.; W slope, Piramide Ridge 

south of Portezuelo de Villagra, H. L- E. 37. 

The species is endemic to Juan Fernandez. The 

mostly unbordered leaves are very distinctive in 

the genus. 

Genus Calyptrochaeta 

Small to medium-sized, yellowish green plants 

with suberect or spreading stems in dense tufts. 

Leafy stems complanate; stem surface of large, thinwalled, hyaline cells, with central strand. Leaves 

usually crowded, only slightly contorted when dry, 

broadly elliptical to obovate, bordered with narrow, 

elongate cells, serrate; costa short, double, sometimes 

reaching midleaf or lacking; cells of lamina rather 

large, smooth, mostly hexagonal or shortrhomboidal, more lax and elongate toward base; 

alar cells not distinct. Perichaetia in lateral buds. 

Setae slender, with bulging cells or hairlike projections covering surface. Capsule inclined to horizontal, oval, smooth; peristome double, teeth usually with median, longitudinal furrow, lamellae 

projecting, cilia rudimentary; operculum shortrostrate. Calyptra mitrate, covering only top of 

urn, dense fringe on basal margin, surface sometimes rough. 

The name Calyptrochaeta takes priority over the 

familiar name Eriopus as indicated by Margadant 

(1959) and Crosby (1974). Conservation of the 

name Eriopus is desirable but no attempts have 

been made and there is no assurance regarding the 

results of such attempts. New combinations are 

provided here for the two species known from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Key to Species of Calyptrochaeta 

Leaves bordered by a single row of elongate cells; dioicous .................................... .C. grandiretis 

Leaves bordered by 2-3 rows of elongate cells; autoicous ............................................ C. leptoloma 

Calyptrochaeta grandiretis 

CabWochaeta grandiretis (Broth.) H. Robinson, new comb. 

Eriopus grandiretis Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:436, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada de las 

Casas, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg n. 265.1 

Whitish green plants, with sparingly branched 

stems 2-6 cm long, prostrate to ascending in rather 

loose mats, leafy stems to 9 mm broad. Dorsal and 

ventral leaves very broadly ovate, to 2.5 mm wide 

and 3.5 mm long, sliglltly asymmetric; lateral leaves 

broadly oblong-elliptical, to 3.0 mm wide and 4.5 

mm long, bases of laminae very unequal with costa 

inserted to one side, leaves rounded at base, minutely apiculate at apex; costa often reaching to midleaf; margins plane, sharply serrate in upper half 
72 SMITHSONIAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

with teeth split by a longitudinal septa, a single 

row of marginal cells 10-20 pm wide; submarginal 

cells sometimes elongate; inner cells 80-150 pm 

long, 50-60 pm wide, rhomboidal, thin-walled; 

cells nearer margins shorter, rhomboidal to hexagonal, 40 pm wide, 40-60 pm long. Dioicous. Sporopliyte unknown. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, H. & E. 240. 

MAS A TIERRA: Pangal Falls, H. & E. 5, 191; E 

slope below Portezuelo de Villagra, 1400-1800 ft, 

H. li. E. 181. 

As presently known the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. 

Calyptrochaeta leptoloma 

Cnlyptroclinetn leptolonin (Broth.) H. Robinson, new comb. 

Eriopits leptolomn Broth. in Skottsb., Sat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:436, 1924. [Original material: V. Colonial, Q. 

Gutierrez, ca. 300 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. 3 I. Skottsberg 

11. 302 (packet maiked type; S!).] 

Plants pale green, with sparingly branched, erect 

or ascending stems ca. 1 cm long, leafy stems to 5 

mm broad. Leaves 2.0-2.5 mm long, oval to slightly 

obovate, with narrow bases and slightly but sharply 

acuminate apex; lateral leaves slightly asymmetrical; costa very short, indistinct; margins plane, distinctly serrulate in upper half, border of 2-3 rows 

of narrow cells ca. 10 pm wide; upper median cells 

oval-hexagonal, mostly 30-35 pm wide, mostly 60 

pm long; cells toward upper margins and tip 40- 

50 pm long; cells near base to 100 pm long. Autoicous. Setae ca. 4 mm long, yellow, rough with low 

mamillae. Capsules and calyptrae not known. 

MAS A TIERRA: V. Colonial, Q. Gutierrez, ca. 300 

m, Sk. 302 (type, S). 

The species is apparently endemic. There have 

been no reports since the original description by 

Brotlierus (1924). 

Genus Achrophyllum 

Small to large, whitish to yellowish green, very 

fleshy plants with stems erect or ascending in loose 

tufts. Leafy stems complanate, dorsal and ventral 

leaves smaller; stem surface of slightly enlarged, 

elongate, thin-walled, hyaline cells, central strand 

present. Leaves laxly imbricated, slightly to greatly 

contorted when dry, oblong-spathulate to nearly 

orbicular; not bordered by elongate cells, crenate 

to grossly dentate; costa usually reaching to near 

midleaf, often forking near tip; cells of lamina 

large, smooth, mostly hexagonal, those toward base 

more elongate; alar cells not distinct. Dioicous. 

Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae elongate, slender, 

smooth. Capsules inclined to pendant, oval, smootli 

except sometimes at base; peristome double, teeth 

usually with median, longitudinal furrow and projecting lamellae, cilia rudimentary or lacking; operculum conic-rostrate. Calyptra mitrate, covering 

only operculum; lobed but not fringed at base, 

smooth. 

The genus includes those species that have been 

called Ptelygophyllzim in recent treatments. The 

name Pterygophyllum, as indicated in Index Muscorum, is invalid, having originally included the 

type-species of tlie genus Hookeria. The genus 

Achl-ophyllzim is concentrated in the regions of 

southern South America and Australia, with one 

species as far north as the Philippine Islands. 

The three species known from Juan Fernandez 

can be distinguished by tlie following key. 

Key to Species of Achrophyllum 

1. Leaf margin with short, obtuse teeth, leaf apex rounded 

1. Leaf margin with large, sharp teeth, leaf apex usually acute 

2. Costa 1 /4 or less of leaf length; median cells of lamina mostly 50-100 um in diameter 

2. Costa 1/4-1152 of leaf length; most cells in distal half of leaf 50 km or less in diameter 

A. dentatum n 

A. tenuinerve 

A. anomalum 

Achrophyllum anomalum 1830. [Original material: Given as western Sorth America, 

almost certainly in error, coll. Menzies.] 

Hookerin 06scici.o hlont., Ann. Sc. Sat. Bot. ser. 3, 4:93, 1845. 

Not H. obscum IVils. 

Pterygop/iyllic,,i 'obscurrttti [hlont.] Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 

Achrophyllicm niiomnlicm (Schivaegr.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 29 (2): 118, 19i4. 

lhcopiltcuz n~iomnlitm Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 3 (2):278, 
XUhlBER 27 

12:398, 1869. Not P. obscurum Mitt. 1860. 

Pterygophyllum crnssipete Matteri, Rev. Mus. .4rgent. Cienc. 

Nat. Bern. Rivadav. 4 (2):250, 1972, nom. nov. (Hookeria 

obscura Mont.). 

Yellowish green plants becoming dark green or 

brownish below, with stems to 15 cm high. Leaves 

slightly contorted when dry, to 4 mm long, 1.8 mm 

wide, mostly spatlidate with narrow bases, some 

dorsal and ventral leaves shorter and oval, apices 

narrowly rounded to acute; margins plane, with a 

number of large, sharp teeth, teeth 30-60 pm long; 

costa stout at base, ca. 70 pm wide, usually reaching 

1 /4-1/2 leaf length, often unequally forked, especially when short; cells of lamina hexagonal to 

rounded, becoming more elongate toward base, 

collenchymatous, median cells mostly 50-60 pm in 

diameter, upper and marginal cells mostly 30-40 

pm in diameter, lower cells near costa to 80 pm 

long. Sporophyte unknown. 

MAS A TIERRA: Pangal Falls, 205-220 m, Sk. 290, 

iM47, Sp. M363 (all S). 

Discounting the original citation, the species is 

known only from southern South America and 

Juan Fernandez. 

Achrophyllum dentatum 

Achropiiylliim dentatton (Hook. f. 8s TVils.) Vitt & Crosby, 

Bryologist 75: 175, 1972. 

Hookerin dentntn Hook. f. & lt’ils., London J. not. 3:550, 

1844. [Original material: Lord Auckland’s Group and 

Campbell’s Id., coll. J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843.] 

Hookeria denticulnta Hook. f. & It’ils., F1. .4ntarct. 1:143, 

1845, ?iom. illeg. incl. sp. prior. (H. dentatn Hook f. & 

IVils.). 

Hookerin nigrelln Hook. f. 8s IVils., F1. Nov. %el. 2:124, 1854. 

[Original material: Throughout islands, Sew Zealand, coll. 

Colenso.] 

Hookerin robicsta Hook. f. 8: Wils., F1. Nov. %el. 2:124, 1854. 

[Original material: Sorthern Island, Sew Zealand, coll. 

Hookerin hepnticnefolin Hampe 8: C. Mull., Linnaea 26:503, 

1855. [Original material: nunik Creek, Dandenong Range, 

Australia, coll. F. Muller.] 

Pterygopliyllicm nigrellictiz (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Kew J. 

not. 8:264, 1856. 

Pterygophyllrim obscttritnz Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., not. 4:9G, 1860. 

[Original material: Cheshunt, Tasmania, coll. Archer.] 

Ple?ygop/ryllrcm rlenticiclntiim (Hook. f. 8s TVils.) Mitt., J. 

Linn. SOC., not. 12:397, 1869, nom. illeg. incl. sp. prior. 

Pterygopliyllicm ?’obustiim (Hook. f. Pi IVils.) Jaeg., Ber. St. 

Gall., Saturw. Ges. 1875-1876:343, 1877 (Ad. 2:247). 

Pterypfdiylliim liookeri Jaeg., Ber. St. Gall., Saturw. Ges. 

co lenso.] 

1875-1876:343, 1877 (Ad, 2:247), norn. illeg. incl. sp. prior. 

[Original material: Cheshunt, Tasmania, coll. Archer.] 

Pterygophyllitm hepaticaefolium (Hampe 8; C. Mull.) Jaeg., 

Ber. St. Gall., Saturw. Ges. 1875-1876:343, 1877. 

Hookeria ramulosa Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 18:232, 

1886. [Original material: Near Norselvood, Waipawa CO., 

Sew Zealand, coll. W. Colenso, 1885.1 

Hookerin subsirnilis Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 18:232, 

1886. [Original material: Sear Norsewood, Waipawa CO., 

Sew Zealand, coll. W. Colenso, 1885.3 

Hookeria mnci-oneurn Col., Trans. New Zealand Inst. 18:283, 

1886. [Original material: Near Norsewood, Waipawa CO., 

Sew Zealand, coll. W. Colenso, 1885.1 

Hookerin telniophila Col., Trans. Sew Zealand Inst. 19:2i9, 

1887. [Original material: Sear Sorsewood, Waipawa CO., 

Sew Zealand, coll. IY. Colenso, 1886.1 

Pterygophylliuri ftingellnniciim Besch., Miss. Sc. Cape Horn 

5 (Bot.):29i, 1889. [Original material: Port Galant, Magallanes, Chile, coll. Sarmtier 1939 (BM lectotype, Matteri, 

Pterygopliyllzim macroneuron (Col.) Par., Ind. Bryol. 1053, 

1898. 

Hepnticinn cyclopliylln C. Mull., Hedwigia 41:124, 1902 nom. 

illeg. [Original material: Sear \$’ellington, New Zealand, 

coll. T. Kirk.] 

Hefinticinn porr~iiln C. Mull., Hed\vigia 413125, 1902, nom. 

illeg. [Original material: North Island, New Zealand, ~011. 

F. Render, 1883.1 

Hefinticinn pseudo-obsciira C. Mull., Hedwigia 41:125, 1902. 

nom. illeg. [Original material: Sear Greymouth, South 

Island, Sei\. Zealand, coll. R. Helms, 1885.1 

Hefinticinn nnnocniilis C. Mull., Hedwigia 41:126, 1902, nom. 

illeg. [Original material: Sear Greymouth, South Island, 

Sew Zealand, coll. R. Helms, 1885.1 

Hepnticinn ziierniana C. Mull,, Hedwigia 41:126, 1902, nom. 

illeg. [Original material: Sear Coromandel, Prov. Auckland, Sorth Island, Sew Zealand, coll. G. Zunr, Mar. 1882.1 

Pterygop11yll1~m cyc2ophyllirna Broth., Sat. Pfl. 1 (3):932, 1907. 

Based on Hepnticinn cyclophylla C. Mull. norn. illeg. 

Pterygophylliim nanocnzile Broth., Sat. Pfl. 1 (3):932, 1907. 

Based on Hepaticinn nonocaulis C. Mull. nom. illeg. 

Pterygophyllzcm pseudo-obscitrnm Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1 (3):932, 

1907. Rased on Hepalicina pseudo-obscura C. Mull. nom. 

illeg. 

Pterygophyllitm ramzilosnm (Col.) Broth. ex Par., Coll. 27, 

1909. 

Pterygophyllicm subsimile (Col.) Broth. ex. Par., Coll. 27, 

1909. 

Pterygophyllimz telmaphilum (Col.) Broth. ex. Par., Coll. 27, 

1909. 

Pterygophyllum dentatrim (Hook. f. & Wils.) Dix., J. Linn. 

SOC., Bot. 40:455, 1912. 

Dark green, brownish, or blackish plants to 5 

cm high. Leaves much crisped when dry, 2-4 mm 

long, 1-1.5 mm wide, dorsal and ventral leaves 

broadly ovate to nearly orbicular, lateral leaves 

often spatlidate and sometimes with narrow bases, 

1972) .] 
74 SMITHSONIAS COXTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

apices broadly rounded; margins plane with small, 

usually obtusely pointed teeth, teeth 10-30 pm 

long; costa stout at base, to 100 pm wide, usually 

1/3-1/2 leaf length, usually unequally forked near 

tip; cells of lamina hexagonal, becoming more 

elongate toward base, thin-walled but slightly collenchymatous, median cells mostly 40-60 pm long 

and 40 ym wide, cells near margin 25-30 pm wide 

and 25-40 pm long, some lower cells near costa to 

75 pm long. Setae 1.25-2.0 cm long. Capsules 1.0- 

2.0 long. 

MAS AFUERA: (2. Loberia, Sk. 291 (S); Q. Vacas, 

H. 017. E. 41. 

The species is known from Australia, Tasmania, 

New Zealand, and southern South America. 

Achrophyllum tenuinerve 

Achrophyllum tenuinewe (Broth.) H. Robinson, Phytologia 

29 (2):118, 1974. 

Pterygophyllwn tenuinercie Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:435, 1924. [Original material: Salsipuedes, 660 

m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & 1. Skottsberg n. 330 (marked 

type on packet, S!).] 

Pale green plants becoming dark below, with 

stems 1-3 cm high. Leaves not evidently contorted 

when dry, to 4 mm long and 1.8 mm broad, ellip 

tical to slightly spathulate with narrowed and 

rounded bases, acute at tip; margins plane with 

many large, sharp teeth in distal half, teeth 30-80 

pm long; costa stout at base, 50-70 pm wide, reaching 1/5-1/3 leaf length, often forked; cells of lamina hexagonal to rounded, becoming more elongate toward costa and base, thin-walled and slightly 

collenchymatous, median cells mostly 60-80 pm 

long, upper and marginal cells mostly 40-50 pm 

in diameter, lower cells near costa to 110 pm long. 

Setae ca. 12 mm long, blackish. Capsule urn minute, shortly oblong. 

MAS A TIERRA: Ridge between valles Piedra Agujereada and Laura, 650 m, Sk. 287 (S); Salsipuedes, 

660 m, Sk. 330 (type, S); W slope Piramide Ridge 

south of Portezuelo de Villagra, H. 017. E. 37 part. 

The species seems to be endemic to Mas a Tierra. 

All collections are from organic substrates. 

Genus Schimperobryum 

Very large, prostrate, broadly complanate plants 

in large mats. Stems with surface of narrowrectangular cells, no central strand. Leaves broadly 

elliptical or oval, acute; lateral leaves larger, more 

asymmetrical; margins not bordered, serrate distally; costae lacking or very short and double; cells 

of lamina laxly rhomboidal; alar cells not distinct. 

Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae short, 

smooth. Capsules erect, oval, smooth; peristome 

double, teeth with zigzag median line, transversely 

striate below, cilia lacking; operculum rostrate. 

Calyptra mitrate, covering only the operculum, 

with nearly entire lower margin, unfringed, smooth. 

The genus is monotypic. The name Schimperobryum Marg. replaces Lamprophyllum Schimp., 

which is a later homonym. 

Schimperobryum splendidissimum 

Schimperobryum splendidissimum (Mont.) Marg., Act. Bot. 

Neerl. 8:275, 1999. 

Hookeria splendidissima Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 

4:97, 1835. [Original material: Mas a Tierra, coll. Dertero, 

1830.1 

Lamprophyllrcm splendidissimum (Mont.) Broth., Nat. Pfl. 

1 (3):964, 1907. 

Pale greenish plants with stems to 25 cm long, 

leafy stems strongly complanate to 12 mm broad. 

Leaves broadly rounded-elliptical 2.0-2.5 mm 

broad; dorsal and ventral leaves 3.5-4.0 mm long, 

lateral leaves to 5.0 mm long, symmetrical except 

in basal part, rather broadly cuneate at base and 

very slightly decurrent, apex short-acute with very 

slight apiculus; margins plane, sharply serrulate in 

distal 1 /3-1/2, larger teeth divided by longitudinal 

wall; median cells rather regularly narrowly rhomboidal, 12-15 ym wide, ca. 100 ym long; cells near 

margin gradually smaller, to 6 pm wide and 50 pm 

long; walls of basal cells slightly thickened and 

porose. Perichaetial leaves short, with tips reaching to base of capsule. Setae, urn, and operculum 

all ca. 1.5 mm long. Spores 12-15 pm in diameter, 

finely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Mats Maqui, trail to Camp 

Correspondencia, 1500 ft, M. 9402; Q. Casas, H. (1. 

E. 134, 136, 276, 722; Q. Mono, H. (1. E. 3784. 

MAS A TIERRA: Salsipuedes, 660 m, Sk. 292; trail 

to Portezuelo de Villagra, 1400-1800 ft, H. (1- E. 87; 

Pangal Falls, H. (1. E. 171. 

The species is known only from Patagonia, Chile, 

and Juan Fernandez. This is one of the most distinctive species on the islands. 
NUMBER 27 75 

PTYCHOMNIACEAE 

A number of genera of the family show peristome 

teeth with longitudinal furrows, a character that I 

consider hookerioid. This, combined with the lack 

of costae and the often poorly developed alar cells, 

leads me to place the family near the Hookeriaceae 

and Leucomiaceae. The previous placement near 

the Lepyrodontaceae was probably partly because 

the two families share a southern hemisphere distribution. Also, the tendency for ribbed capsules 

might have induced Brotherus to place the Ptychomniaceae early in his series. 

Genus Ptychomnion 

Rather robust to very robust, pale yellowish 

green plants with prostrate to erect stems forming 

loose mats. Stems reddish when mature, sometimes 

radiculose at base. Leaves broad, often somewhat 

plicate, spreading or squarrose-recurred from erect 

bases, scarcely altered when dry, short-acute to 

long-acuminate; margins subentire to coarsely serrate; costae short or lacking; leaf cells elongate, 

walls more or less thickened and porose; alar cells 

not distinct. Dioicous. Perichaetia in lateral buds. 

Setae slender. Capsules cylindrical, curved, ribbed; 

annulus broad; peristome double, teeth with median furrow; operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra 

cucullate, bare. 

The present treatment contains a number of 

basic changes from the version in my recent paper 

in Phytologia (Robinson, 1970). Since that earlier 

work I have seen type material of P. falcatulum 

Broth., P. horridum Card. & Broth., and P. Zatifolizim Angstr. along with fragments that may be 

typical of P. subaciculare Besch. On the basis of 

these and a review of original descriptions, the 

following conclusions are possible. 

Bescherelle (1885) cited four different collections 

for his Ptychomnion subaciculare: two by Bertero 

from Juan Fernandez, one by Gay from Chile, and 

one by Savatier from Isla Wellington, which is in 

Prov. Magallanes of Chile. I have not seen the 

Juan Fernandez material, but if other collections 

are any indication the species in that material 

could hardly have been anything but P. falcatulum, 

a species that does not agree with Besclierelle’s 

description “foliis tamen a medio recurvatis.” From 

Stockholm I have a specimen collected by Gay 

from Chile that is P. cygnisetum, a species with 

leaves somewhat recurved and which might agree 

best with Bescherelle’s statement “margine tantum 

medio parce revoluto.” Still, there are two small 

fragments, one from Stockholm without collection 

data and one from Paris labelled “Terres Magellaniques.” Both of these fragments have the leaves 

rather sharply spreading from erect sheathing 

bases, and they represent the species that has more 

recently been named P. horridum. I suspect the 

fragments are from Savatier n. 1858 from Port Eden, 

Isla Wellington. In any case, I consider P. subaciczilare to be the same as what has been called P. 

horridum, a species with erect and sheathing but 

not much imbricated leaf bases. As such, P. horridum is not much different from P. cygnisetum, 

which has less sheathing and much more imbricated leaf bases. 

The plant that Brotherus and others, including 

myself, have called P. subaciculare is, in fact, not 

specifically distinct from P. falcatulum of Brotherus. 

The species is covered in detail below. 

The small fragment obtained from Stockholm 

that is apparently the type of P. latifolium is so 

obviously P. aciculare (Brid.) Mitt. that I suspect 

an error in Angstrom’s labelling of the specimen. 

No other specimens of P. aciculare are known from 

South America otherwise, and there are perfectly 

good specimens of the species in the Angstrom 

collection from the natural range in the western 

Pacific . The three species of Ptychomnion presently 

known from Juan Fernandez can be separated by 

the following key. 

Key to Species of Ptychomnion 

1. Leaves from 1 to 1.9 times as long as wide, very short-acute .,....... ................,.. P. Ptyrhocurfion 

1. Leaves at least twice as long as wide, with apices distinctly and often abruptly elongate ..). 2 

2. Leaves .mostly spreading from insertion, scarcely concave: cells of lamina with walls as 

wide as or wider than the lumens . ....................... ................................................... P. falcatulum 

2. Leaves recurving from rather erect bases, rather concave in median part; cells of lamina 

with walls not as wide as lumens ..... .. . ..,.... ............,....,........................... ........... P. cygnisetum 
76 SMITHSOSIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Ptychomnion cygnisetum 

Ptychornnion cygnisetunz (C. Mull.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. 

Exot. 31, 1888. 

Hypnum cygnisetun C. Mull., Flora 68:425, 1885. [Original 

material: Hermite Id., coll. J. D. Hooker, 1839-1843; Burnst 

Id,, Darwin Sound and Port Cook and Beagle Channel in 

SE Fuegia, all coll. Spegazzini, Mar.-May 1882.1 

Robust, tufted, yellowish green plants with stems 

erect or ascending, flexuous, to 10 cm long. Leaves 

with blades spreading from a rather erect, sometimes sheathing base, blade rather concave in middle, mostly 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, blade lanceolate from a broadly ovate base, rather gradually 

narrowed to a slender, twisted tip; lower margins 

slightly but distinctly recurved, upper margins 

with many large, sharp teeth; median and upper 

cells of lamina mostly 12 pm wide, 50-75 pm long, 

walls slightly thickened and porose, lumens much 

wider; some lower cells to 100 pm long; extreme 

basal cells wider, to 18 pm wide, thicker-walled, 

dark yellowish to reddish. Setae 12-30 mm long. 

Capsule urn 3 mm long, slightly curved, inclined 

to horizontal; spores elliptical, 8-10 pm in diameter, weakly papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Los Innocentes, below summit, ca. 

4000 ft, H. d. E. 214. 

The species seems to be the commonest member 

of the genus in southern South America, where it 

has often been determined as P. aciculare. It. has 

not previously been reported from Juan Fernandez. 

Ptychomnion falcatulum 

Ptychornnion fa[catdurn Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan 

Fernandez 2:425, 1924. [Original material: Ridge between 

valles Piedra Agujereada and Laura, 650 m, Mas a Tierra, 

coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 356 (S!).] 

Ptychornnion falcatulun var. gracilescens Broth. in Skottsb., 

Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:429, 1924. [Original material: 

Ridge between valles Piedra Agujereada and Laura, 650 m, 

Mas a Tierra, coll. C. G I. Skottsberg n. 245 (S!).] 

Robust, tufted, yellowish green plants with stems 

erect or ascending, flexuous, to 10 cm long. Leaves 

erect-spreading from the insertion, only slightly 

clasping below, only slightly hollowed above, 

mostly 5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, blade broadly 

elliptical, strongly narrowed to a very slender, 

twisted tip; margins narrowly recurved at extreme 

base, with many rather remote, sometimes very 

sharp teeth distally; median and upper cells of lamina 8-10 pm wide, mostly 40-60 pm long; walls 

very thick and porose, as wide as or wider than 

lumens; cells of extreme leaf base wider, to 20 

ym wide, dark yellowish or reddish. Setae ca. 2.5 

cm long, blackish. Capsule urn 3 mm long, curved, 

inclined to horizontal; spores elliptical, 12-14 pm 

long, weakly papillose. 

MAS A TIERRA: Ridge between valles Piedra Agujereada and Laura, 650 m, SK. 356 (type, S), 245 

(type of var. gracilescens, S); above Pangal, 795 m, 

Sk. 243 (S); Salsipuedes, 625 m, SK. 244, 353, 355 

(S); Cordon Centinela, 530 m, Sk. 354 (S); Valle 

Anson, slope of El Yunque, 400-450 m, Sk. M42 

(S); Valle Frances, Cordon Chifladores, K. 12172 (S); 

ridge back of Pto. Ingles, 600-630 m, Sp, M206 (S); 

Cerro Damajuana, ca. 700 m, K. M322 (S); El 

Yunque, near summit, ca. 900 m. K. 111346 (S); 

Portezuelo (Mirador), 500 m, K. 308126 (€3); Cerro 

Salsipuedes, 2020 ft, M. 9531; El Yunque, S slope 

to right of ridge at Camote pass, 1700 ft, AM. 9618; 

Q. Piedra Agujereada, ca. 500 m, H. E. Moore 301; 

below Pangal Falls, H. (1. E. 386. 

The species is almost entirely restricted to Mas a 

Tierra. I have seen one specimen from Valdivia in 

central Chile; Lechler, pl. Chil. Id. R. F. Hohenacker, n. 620, Prope urbem Valdivia, Nov. 1850 

(S). The history of the species provides a good 

example of the inexplicable lack of feeling that 

some authors such as Brotherus have had for concepts in this strikingly beautiful group of mosses. 

Ptychomnion falcatzilzim is undoubtedly the closest 

ally in South America to P. aciczilare, being distinguished primarily by the thicker cell walls in the 

leaf. Still, it is P. cygisetum that was usually determined as P. aciczilare, while P. falcatulum was 

usually confused with P. subaciculare, which was 

described as having an entirely different leaf base. 

Why Brotherus separated two specimens out as 

P. falcatulum is totally beyond explanation. 

Ptydhomnion ptychocarpon 

PtyChornnion ptychocarpon (Schwaegr.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., 

Bot. 12:536, 1869. 

Hypnunz ptychocarpon Schwaegr., Linnaea 18:561, 1845. 

[Original material: Valdivia and Colenagna, Chile, coll. 

A. Czming.] 
SUhlBER 27 

Plants with rather slender stems and widely diverging branches in large, tangled masses. Leaves 

spreading from the insertion, squarrose to rather 

erect, usually 1.5 mm long and 1.0 mm wide, broadly ovate with a very short, broad, slightly acuminate tip; surface weakly but distinctly longitudinally plicate, plications reaching to near tip; 

margins plane, slightly serrulate distally; median 

and upper cells of lamina 5 pm wide, mostly 40- 

50 pm long; walls porose, lumen much wider than 

walls; extreme basal cells dark yellowish, 10-20 pm 

long, with thicker walls. Setae ca. 1.5 cm long. Capsules horizontal, 2 mm long, not curved. 

MAS AFUERA: Trail.to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 

ft, H. rL- E. 231, 450, 548, below summit, ca. 4100 

ft, H. G E. 628; near Camp Correspondencia, ca. 

3800 ft, H. G E. 438A. 

The species is known from Chile, Patagonia, and 

Mas Afuera. The species is very distinct from all 

others in the genus by its short, spreading leaves 

and uncurved capsules. 

77 

SEMATOPHYLLACEAE 

Genus Sematophyllum 

Small to medium-sized, yellowish green, prostrate 

to procumbent, irregularly to pinnately branched 

plants. Stems without central strands or paraphyllia, surface cells not enlarged. Plants not distinctly 

heterophyllous. Leaves erect-spreading or falcatesecund, entire or serrate, short and broadly to long 

and slenderly acute; costae lacking; median cells 

rhomboidal to linear, rather thin-walled, smooth; 

alar cells distinct in 2 or more rows, basal row a 

series of 3-6 enlarged, thin-walled, hyaline cells. 

Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae long and slender, 

smooth or rough distally. Capsules inclined to 

horizontal, sometimes curved, smooth; exothecial 

cells collenchymatous; peristome double, complete, 

teeth with vertical zigzag midline, transverse striations below, cilia present; operculum rostrate. 

Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The five species reported from Juan Fernandez 

can be separated by the following key. 

Key to Species of Sematophyllum 

1. Dioicous; hyaline alar cells in 2-4 tiers; capsules suberect ...................................................... 2 

2. Leaves mostly 2.5-3.0 mm long, very lustrous green; alar cells very lax, in 3-4 tiers . , .. 

......................................................................................................................... S. masafuerae 

2. Leaves mostly ca. 2.0 mm long, slightly shining, yellowish green; alar cells forming distinct 

auricle of 2-3 tiers .................................................................................................. S. kunklii 

1. Autoicous: hyaline alar cells usually in 1 row or rarely 2 rows; capsules suberect to horizontal 

or pendulous ................................................................................................................................... 3 

3. Leaves ca. 1 mm long, cells 5 times as long as wide or shorter; capsules suberect ............... 

3. Leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, median cells linear, often 10 or more times as long as wide: 

capsules horizontal to pendant ................................................................................... 4 

4. Leaves slightly secund, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; cells often with walls as thick 

as lumens ................................................................................................................ S. aberrans 

4. Leaves usually homomallous, upturned, broadly ovate to oblong: cells with lumens 

wider than walls ..................................................... 

................................................................................................................................. S. caespitosum 

....................... S. brachycladulum 

Sematophyllum aberrans 

Sematophyllurn abewans (Broth.) Bartr., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 

4:41, 1957. 

Rhaphidostegium abervans Broth. in Skottsb., h’at. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:441, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada 

del Monte Maderugo, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. G I. Skottsberg 

n. 377 (lectotype, present designation; S!).] 

Rhafihidostegizcttz caespitosoides Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:442, 1924. [Original material: Quebrada 

de las Casas, ca. 200 m, Mas Afuera, coll. C. 6 I. Skottsberg n. 493 (lectotype, present designation: S!).] 

Small, pale yellowish green, prostrate, frequently 

but irregularly branched, sparingly radiculose 

plants, with main stems 1-2 cm long, branches 2-4 

mm long. Leaves laxly spreading, slightly secund, 

concave, to ca. 1.5-1.7 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, 

narrowly ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering to a long, slender tip; margins slightly 

recurved below, slightly serrulate above; median cells 

linear, 6-7 pm wide, 60-80 pm long, walls slightly 

thickened and nearly as wide as the very narrow lu- 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

mens; upper cells scarcely shortened, those in the 

very slender apex almost as long; inner basal cells 

yellow, to 10 pm wide, 40 pm long, thick-walled and 

porose; alar cells with 1 series of 3-4 very enlarged, 

rectangular, thin-walled, yellowish cells, ca. 20 pm 

wide, to 60 pm long; supraalar cells few, shortrhomboidal to subquadrate, ca. 25 pm long. Autoicous. Pericliaetial leaves to 1.5 mm long, longest 

having plane, rather broad, tapering, subulate tips, 

becoming rather obtusely pointed at apex with 

distinct, small, apical teeth and shorter apical cells, 

cells ca. 25 pm long. Setae 7-10 mm long, red, 

smooth. Capsule horizontal to pendant; urn ca. 0.7 

mm long, very slightly pustulose at base, broadly 

oval and constricted below mouth when dry. Spores 

10-15 pm in diameter when very young, 15-18 pm 

in diameter when mature, very minutely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Casas, Sk. 371, 493 (lectotype 

of Rhaphidostegium caespitosoides), 494, 495 (all 

S); Q. Mono, 475 m, Sk. 388 (S); between Sanchez 

and Tolten, 515 m, Sk. 390 (S); Q. Blindado, 440 

m, Sk. 489 (S); Cordon Barril, Sk. 498 (S); Q. Chozas, Sk. Mlll (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: Q. Monte Maderugo, Sk. 377 

(type, S); Plazoleta in V. Anson, ca. 260 m, Sk. 379 

(S); Q. Juanango, ca. 250 m, Sk. 384 (S); Centinela, 

ca. 530 m, Sk. 385, 389 (S); Salsipuedes, 660 m, Sk. 

386 (S); Q. Gutierrez, ca. 300 m, Sk. 387 (S); Q. 

Frances, slope of Cord6n Chifladores, K. 80 (S); 

Cerro Damajuana, K. M326 (S); El Yunque, near 

summit, ca. 900 m, K. M343, M347 (S); trail to 

Portezuelo de Villagra, 1400-1800 ft, H. olr E. 85. 

As presently known the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. Brotherus (1924) placed his Rhaphidostegium aberrans and R. caespitosoides in 

different subgenera but there seems to be no specific difference. 

Sematophyllttm brachycladulum 

Sematophyllum brachycladulum (Broth.) Broth., Nat. Pfl. ed. 

2, ll:432, 1925. 

Rhaphidostegirrm brachycladttltcm Broth. in. Skottsb., Nat. 

Hist. Juan Fernandet 2442, 1924. [Original material: Valle 

Colonial, Quebrada Seca, 435 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. 6 I. 

Skottsberg n. 369.1 

Slender, densely caespitose, yellowish green plants 

with elongate, creeping stems and numerous short 

branches. Stems brownish radiculose; branches 

densely foliate with leaves turned upward. Leaves 

erect-spreading when wet or dry, ca. 1.5 mm long, 

to 0.6 mm wide, concave, oblongelliptical, becom 

ing shortly lanceolate-acuminate distally; margins 

erect, entire; cells of lamina very narrow, with 

slightly thickened walls; median cells 50-80 pm 

long, 5-8 pm wide, lumens usually much wider 

than walls; apical cells 25-40 pm long; basal cells 

yellow, often rather thickened, mostly ca. 40 pm 

long; alar cells short-rectangular, distinctly inflated, 

usually hyaline, often forming rather prominent 

auricle, mostly in 1 series; 4-5 supraalar cells thickwalled, quadrate, ca. 20 pm in diameter. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves to 2 mm long, inner leaves 

ovate-lanceolate, entire. Setae scarcely over 5 mm 

long, slender, red, smooth. Capsule horizontal, symmetrical, oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, constricted 

below mouth when dry; operculum to 0.8 mm long. 

MAS AFUERA: Q. Loberia, 280 m, Sk. 496 (S); Q. 

Ovalo, Sk. M117 (S); Q. Mono, Sk. M118 (S). 

MAS A TIERRA: V. Colonial near trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 220 m, Sk. M3 (S); Cumberland Bay, El Pangal, Sk. M54 (S); E slope Salsipuedes, ca. 200 m, Sk. M315 (S). 

As presently known the species is endemic to 

Juan Fernandez. It has much of the appearance 

of S. caespitosum, but the alar cells are more prominent, the median cells are longer, and the capsules 

are less erect. 

Sematophyllum caespitosum 

Sematophylltcm caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC., Bot. 

12:479, 1869. 

Leskea caespitosn Hedw., Sp. Musc. 233, 1801. [Original material: Hispaniola, coll. Swart%.] 

Hypnum loxense Hook, in Kunth, Syn. P1. Aequin. 1:62, 1822. 

[Original material: Near Loxam and Gonzanamam, Peru, 

1080 hexap., coll. Hrcmboldt 6 Bonpland, 1799-1804.1 

Rather small to medium-sized, coarse, yellowish 

green, prostrate plants with stems to 4 cm long. 

Branches frequent, irregular, to 1 cm long, ascending. Leaves crowded, more appressed when dry, 

distinctly homomallous, 0.8-1.2 mm long, to 0.5 

mm wide, oblongovate to oblong, rather concave, 

acute to obtusely pointed; margins entire, narrowly 

reflexed in basal 2/3-3/4; median cells shortrhomboidal, ca. 7 pm wide, mostly 50 pm long, a 

few to 70 pm long, upper cells mostly 40 pm long, 

apical cells mostly 25 pm long; basal cells yellowish; alar cells yellowish brown, usually with row 
NUMBER 27 79 

of 3-4 inflated, rectangular cells, largest 25 pm 

wide and 50 pm long; a few supraalar cells quadrate to oblique, to 25 pm long. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves to ca. 1.5 mm long, elliptical with shortacute tip; margins recurved, entire or very slightly 

crenulate. Setae 5-12 mm long, red, smooth. Capsule suberect, urn 1.0-1.3 mm long; spores 12-15 

pm in diameter. 

The species is known from Florida, Mexico, the 

West Indies, and Central and South America. It 

was reported by Brotherus from both Mas Afuera 

and Mas a Tierra, but two specimens determined 

by Brotherus, including all known records from 

Mas Afuera, prove to be S. brachycladulum. One 

specimen has not been seen but it is probable that 

all records are erroneous. 

Sematophyllum kunkelii 

Sematophylltina kzinkelii H. Robinson, Phytologia 29 (2):118, 

1974. [Original material: Wand Damajuana, Mas a Tierra, 

550 m, coll. G. Kzinkel 317/18a (BI).] 

Medium-sized, yellowish to yellowish green, prostrate plants with stems to 6 cm long. Branches 

dense, irregular. Leaves slightly falcate-secund, ca. 

2 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, becoming narrowly and 

rigidly acuminate from an oblongovate, slightly 

concave base; margins erect to slightly incurved, 

slightly serrulate distally; median cells linear, 6-7 

pm wide, 60-80 pm long: apical cells becoming 

progressively shorter, extreme apical cells to 25 pm 

long; extreme basal cells yellow with thicker porose 

walls, to 40 pm long; alar cells much enlarged, 

hyaline or yellowish, forming prominent auricle, 

cells in 2-3 tiers of 4-5 rows, larger cells rectangular, 25 pm wide and 75 pm long, supraalar cells of 

older leaves often producing rhizoids. Dioicous. 

Perichaetial leaves ca. 1.5 mm long, oblongovate, 

with abrupt, rather shortly acuminate tip ca. 0.25 

mm long, margin distinctly, densely, minutely dentate, apical cells ca. 25 pm long. Setae ca. 10 mm 

long, becoming reddish, smooth. Capsule suberect, 

oval; urn ca. 1.5 mm long. Spores 12-15 pm in 

diameter, minutely papillose. 

MAS A TIERRA: Wand Damajuana, Nordgrat, 

550 m, freistehend, K. 317/18a (holotype, B; isotype, US); Cordon rechts v. Yunque, Muster vom 

Waldboden in 500 m Hohe, K. 312136 (B); Q. 

Damajuana, 400-450 m, Sk. M208 (S); forests of 

Villagra, 400-550 m, Sk. M232 (S). 

The species seems to be endemic to Mas a Tierra. 

Material was reported by Bartram (1957) as S. 

masafuerae, to which the species is very closely 

related. Sematophyllum kunkelii differs by its 

smaller and less lustrous leaves. 

Sematophyllum niusafuerae 

Sematophyllrim inasaftcerae (Broth.) Bartr., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 

4:42, 1957. 

Xhaphidostegirtm masafuerae Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:440, 1924. [Original material: Correspondencia, 1150 m, Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg n. 

Hypnttm masaftcerae Bartr., Ark. ser. 2, 4:42, 1917. [Original 

material: SE coast escarpment, Chorro de Dona Maria 

(Floripa), Mas Afuera, coll. C. Q I. Skottsberg n. M17f 

499 (SI).] 

(Sb.1 

Medium-sized, pale yellowish green, often lustrous, sparsely branching plants in dense mats, with 

procumbent stems to 10 cm long. Stems without 

central strand: surface cells elongate, 12-15 pm 

wide. Leaves densely imbricate when young, more 

lax and less appressed in older parts, very slightly 

falcate-secund, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm 

wide, becoming flattened and very slenderly longacuminate from an oblong, rather concave base; 

margins erect to slightly incurved, distinctly serrulate on subula; median cells linear, 6-8 pm wide, 

50-80 pm long; apical cells becoming progressively 

shorter, extreme apical cells to 25 pm long; extreme 

basal cells yellow with thicker, more porose walls, 

length 40-80 pm; alar cells much enlarged, hyaline 

or yellowish, forming prominent auricle which is 

100-125 pm in diameter, cells in 3-4 tiers of 5-6 

rows, largest cell rectangular, to 25 pm wide and 75 

pm long. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves ca. 1.5 mm 

long, oblongovate with rather strongly and narrowly acuminate tip, distal margins with numerous 

small but sharply erect teeth, apical cells short, a 

few cells of acumen projecting as papillae abaxially at upper ends. Setae to 13 mm long. Capsule 

urn 1 mm long, oval. 

MAS AFUERA: Camp Correspondencia, 1 150 m, 

Sk. n. 499 (type, S); Chorro de Dona Maria (Floripa), Sk. n. M174. (type of Hypnum masafuerae, S); 

Los Innocentes, near summit, 4500-5000 ft, H. Q E. 

96; trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 ft, H. Q E. 490, 

584; below summit, ca. 4000 ft, H. 6. E. 498, 499, 

629. 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

The species is apparently endemic to Mas Afuera. 

Brotherus seems to have erred in calling the species 

autoicous. Bartram seems to have erred in considering his Hypnum masafuerae distinct. Bartram’s 

records of Sematophyllum masafuerae from Mas a 

Tierra were based on specimens of S. kunkelii 

Robinson. 

HYPNACEAE 

Genus Hypnum 

Small to medium-sized, yellowish green, prostrate 

to procumbent, usually pinnately branched plants. 

Stems with or without central strand, surface cells 

narrow or enlarged, paraphyllia lacking. Plants 

only slightly heterophyllous. Leaves usually strongly 

falcate-secund, giving braided appearance when 

viewed from above; margins plane to slightly incurved, rarely revolute, subentire; tip often very 

long and slender; costae very short and double; 

median cells linear, thin-walled, extreme basal cells 

thicker-walled and porose; alar cells distinct, either 

small or thick-walled or inflated, irregularly 

arranged. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae long 

and slender, smooth. Capsules slightly inclined to 

horizontal, sometimes curved, smooth or sometimes 

wrinkled when dry; peristome double, complete 

with cilia; operculum conical. Calyptra cucullate, 

bare. 

One species is known from Juan Fernandez. 

Hypnum lechleri 

Hypnum lechleri C. Mull., Bot. Zeit. 143455, 1856. [Original 

material: Near Valdivia, Chile, coll. Lechler, P1. Chil. 

Hohenacker n. 619, Nov. 1850.1 

Medium-sized, usually pinnately branching plants 

with stems to 5 cm long; mature stems reddish, 

without central strand, surface cells to 15 pm wide. 

Leaves strongly falcate-secund, with very long, 

slender, subentire tips; stem leaves 1.5 mm long, 

0.7 mm wide, gradually narrowed upwardly from 

a broad, slightly cordate base; margins erect to 

slightly incurved; median cells 5-6 pm wide, mostly 

60-80 pm long; extreme basal cells with thicker 

porose walls, to 25 pm long, to 10 pm wide, reddish yellow; alar region with a cluster o€ rather 

small, obliquely rhomboidal cells at base of auricle, 

cells to 20 pm long, to 25 pm wide; below alar 

cells a decurrent angle formed of slightly to greatly 

enlarged, thin-walled, hyaline cells, cells to 50 pm 

long and 25 pm wide; branch leaves ca. 1.0 mm 

long, 0.35 mm wide, scarcely or not cordate at base, 

cluster in alar region with very few smaller cells 

above and a few slightly enlarged cells below, whole 

cluster often reddish. Dioicous. Setae ca. 17 mm 

long. Capsule urn 2 mm long, inclined, curved; 

spores 17-20 pm in diameter, minutely papillose. 

MAS AFUERA: Trail to Los Innocentes, ca. 3000 

ft, H. b E. 253; Q. Mono, ca. 400 m, H. 6 E. 650. 

MAS A TIERRA: IVitliout precise locality, Bertero 

n. I574 (S); northern ravine, El Yunque; 400-500 

m, Sk. 391 (S); below east face, El Yunque, ca. 1600 

ft, H. b E. 322; near summit, El Yunque, ca. 900 

m, K. A1341 (S); Portezuelo de Villagra, ca. 500 m, 

Sk. ?94, 455 (S), ca. 550 m, Sk. 456 (S); forests of 

Villagra, 400-550 m, Sk. A4233 (S); Cordon Salsipuedes, ca. 600 m, Sk. 395 (S), ca. 500 m, Sk. M224 

(S); V. Colonial, Q. Seca, 435 m, Sk. 396 (S); V. 

Colonial, near trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 220 

m, Sk. M9, A1274 (S); along trail to Portezuelo de 

Villagra, Sk. M65, 144309 (S); ridge between Q. 

Piedra Agujereada and Q. Laura, 650 m, Sk. 398 

part (S); Puerto Frances, ca. 500 m, Sk. 399 (S); Q. 

Frances, slope of Cordon Chifladores, K. M71 (S); 

Villagra, Q. de la Choza, ca. 250 m, Sk. 452 (S); 

Cordon Centinela, 530 m, Sk. 453, 457 (S); Puerto 

Ingles, ca. 575 m, Sk. 454 (S); Q. Damajuana, Sk. 

459 (S); Q. Gutierrez, Sk. 490 (S); NE slope of 

Cerro Piramide, 350-450 m, Sk. M34 (S); I21 slope 

of Piramide Ridge, S of Portezuelo de Villagra, 

H. & E. 25; base of Piramide, H. 6 E. 530A; Cumberland Bay, E! Pangal, Sk. M51 (S); ridge between 

Rabanal and Q. Piedra Agujereada. 

The species is apparently restricted to Chile, 

Patagonia, and Juan Fernandez. I do not know the 

basis of reports from the area of South Africa. The 

variety fernandeziantim Card. ex Ther. is supposed 

to have cells 100-110 pm long, but this is well 

within the normal range of variation. 

Genus Zsopterygium 

Yellowish or pale green, usually small prostrate 

plants with irregular branching, leafy stems complanate; cells of stem surface long and narrow; 

pseudoparaphyllia uniseriate or lacking. Leaves 

slightly shrivelled when dry, spreading laterally, 
NUhIBER 27 81 

lanceolate; margins plane to narrowly recurved, 

usually serrulate; costae lacking or very short and 

double; lamina cells linear, smooth; alar cells 

essentially undifferentiated, a very few short cells 

at basal corner. Perichaetia in lateral buds. Setae 

long and slender. Capsules inclined to horizontal, 

cylindrical, usually sIightly curved, smooth, often 

becoming wrinkled when dry; peristome double, 

complete with cilia; operculum conical or very 

shortly rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, bare. 

The genus is usually associated with Plagiothecizim as in the recent treatments by Ireland (1969) 

and Iwatsuki (1970); however, Brotherus (1925), 

perhaps impressed with the longer costa sometimes 

found in Plagiothecizim, placed Isopterygium in 

tlie Hypnaceae. Distinctions between families in 

this area are not clear, but I would agree that 

Isopterygizrm, Ertropothecium, Vesiczilaria, Taxiphyllzirn, and Henogiella (including Dolichotheca) 

probably belong together as indicated by Brotherus. 

One species of Zsopterygium is known from Juan 

Fernandez. 

Zsopterygium tenerum 

Isopteryginifn teneiiim (Sw.) Mitt., J. Linn. SOC. Bot. 12:499, 

1869. 

HyPntiin tenerzim Sw., F1. Ind. Occ. 3:1817, 1806. [Original 

material: Jamaica, coll. Swartz.] 

Hypnum micans Sw., Adnot. Bot. 175, 1829. [Original material: North America, coll. Muhlenberg.] 

Hypnziin fzilviiin Hook. Fi TVils. in Drumm., Musci Bor. Am. 

ed. 2, n. 110, 1841, kom. illeg. [Original material: Louisiana, coll. D,nmmond.] 

Hypnziin albzdzitn C. Mull., Syn. 2:280, 1851. [Original material: Sear Montgomery, Alabama, coll. Sulliuant.] 

Hypnztm chapmanni Duby, Flora 58:285, 1875. [Original material: Florida, coll. Ckapmann.] 

Rhapliidostegiuni ltidovicianum Ren. & Card., Rev. Bryol. 

20:21, 1893. [Original material: Cloutierville, Louisiana, 

coll. A. B. Langlois n. 210, Sept. 1886.1 

Plagiotkeciwn grozctii Card. & Ther., Bot. Gaz. 37:379, 1904. 

[Original material: Hempstead, New York (as Delaware), 

coll. A. J. Grout, Dec. 1899.1 

Isopterygium fernandezianirm Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. 

Juan Fernandez 2:440, 1924. [Original material: Centinela 

Ridge, 530 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. C- I. Skottsberg n. 

479.1 

Zsopterygizcm dric)~imondii Crum, Steere Fi Anders., Bryologist 

68:434, 1964, based on Hyptiictn fnlvirm Hook. 85 IVils. 

Plants in thin mats with stems 2-3 cm long, 

stems with leaves ca. 1.5 mm wide; uniseriate pseudoparapliyllia present. Leaves not or scarcely 

imbricated; 2 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, lanceolate, 

slightly asymmetric, very narrowly acute; margin 

in distal half slightly but sharply serrulate; cells 

of lamina 6-7 pm wide, 100-150 pm long, slightly 

sinuous; a series of shorter cells ca. 25 pm long at 

base; 3-4 short alar cells. Autoicous. Setae 0.5-1.5 

cm long. Capsule horizontal, oval. 

IMAS A TIERRA: Trail to Plazoleta del Yunque, 

150-200 m, K. 334/5b (B); W slope, Cordon Salsipuedes, 1700-2000 ft, H. & E. 7d; trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 1400-1800 ft, H. Q E. 14; below 

E face, El Yunque, ca. 1600 ft, H. (?7. E. 528. 

The species is known from the eastern United 

States, Mexico, tlie West Indies, Central and South 

America, and Asia. Ireland (1969) suggests other 

tropical American species that will probably prove 

synonyms. For the present, I add only I. fernandezianum, which Brotherus did compare with Z. 

tenereim but considered to be more robust. 
Literature Cited 

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1949. Taxonomic Notes, wit: The Genus Acrocladium. 

The B yologist, 52:72-77. 

Bartram, E. B. 

1931. 

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1957. 

A Review of the American Species of Daltonia. 

Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 5891-48, 

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Botanik, series 2, 4:29-43. 

PIS. 3-4. 

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1885. Mousscs nouvelles 1’Amerique Australe. Brclletin 

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History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. Plates 

26, 27. 

1925. Musci (Laubmoose). Die Naturlichen Ppanzenfamilien, 2nd edition. Volume 11, pages 1-542. 

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1969. A Revision of the Tropical American Moss Genus 

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Crum, H. A. 

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1956. Taxonomic Studies on North American Mosses, 

I-v. Journnl of the Elixha Mitchell Scientific Society, 72 (2):276-291, 

1965. Fissidens asplenioides New to the United States. 

The Uvyologist, 68: 100-105. 

Dixon, H. N. 

1913-1929. Studies in the Bryology of New Zealand with 

Special Refercnce to the Herbarium of Robert 

Brown, of Christchurch, New Zealand. New Zealand Institute Dullelin, 3: 1-372, i-xviii. 

1922. Miscellanca Bryologica, VIII. Journal of Dotany, 

60:281-291. 

Flowers, S. 

1952. Monograph of the Gcnus Anticolia. Bulletin of the 

Torrey Botanical Club, 79: 161-185. 

Studics in Antarctic Bryology, 11: Andreaea, Neurolotna, Revue nryologique et Lichenologique, 36:139- 

146. 

Greene, S. W. 

1968. 

Hilpert, F. 

1933. Studien zur Systematik der Trichostomacecn. DeiItejte zutn Botanischen CentralDlatt, 50 (3):585-706. 

1963. A Review of the Antarctic Spccies of Ceratodon 

Horikawa, Y., and H. Ando 

Described by Cardot. 

A Taxonomic Rcvision of the Genus Plagiothecium 

for North Amcrica, North of Mexico. National 

A41csetim of Natural Sciences Canada, Publications 

in Botany, 1:l-118. 

Hikobia, 3 (4):275-280. 

Ireland, R. R. 

1969. 

Iwatsuki, Z. 

1970. A Revision of Plagiothecium and Its Related 

Genera from Japan and Her Adjacent Areas, I. 

Jotirnnl of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 33: 

331-380. 

Karczmarz, K. 

1966. Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Acrocladium 

Mitt. Nova Hedwigia, 11(1-4):499-505, 

A Revision of thc Genus Rhabdoweisia. The BryolLawton, E. 

1961. 

Malta, N. 

ogisl, 64:140-156. 

1926. Dic Gattung Zygodon Hook. et Tayl. Eine monograph ische S tudic , 1.0 Lvi jas Un iversit a tes Bot an iskn 

Dnrza Darbi, 1 : 1-184. 

1929. Die Ulotn-Arten Sud-Amerikas. Acta Horti Botanici Univevsitatis Lniviensis, 2:165-208. 

Typification and Conscrvation of Generic Names in 

Musci. Acta notmica Neerlandica, 8:271-276. 

Margadant, W. D. 

1959. 

Matteri, Celina M. 

1968. Las Especics de “Philonotis (Bartramiaccae)” del 

Sur de Argentina. Revirin del Miiseo Argentina de 

Ciencias Naturales “l3ernardino Rivadavin,” 3(4): 

185-234. 

82 
NUMBER 27 83 

1972. Las Hookeriaceae (Musci) Andino-Patagonicas, XI. 

Rewista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 

“Bernardino Rivadavia,” 4 (2):243-280. 

1973a. El Genero “Breutelia” (Bartramiaceae, Musci) en 

la Region Andino-Patagonica. Rewista del Museo 

Argentino de Ciencias Natrirales “Bernardino Riwadavid,” 4(4):321-360. 

197313. Revision de las Hypopterygiaceae (Musci) Austrosudamericanas. Boletfn de la Sociedad Argentina 

de Botdnica, 15 (2-3):229-250. 

Meijer, W. 

1952. The Genus Orthodontizim. Acta Botanica Neerlandicn, 1 (1):2-80. 

A Revision of the Subfamily Bryoidcae in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the Adjacent 

Islands. The Journal of the Facttlty of Education 

Tot tori Un iwersity , 2 1 : 7-67. 

1972. What Is True nryzim trritzcorrim? The Bryologist, 

Ochi, H. 

1970. 

74:503-506. (197 I), 

Potier de la Varde, R. 

1936. Mousses du Gabon. Memoires de la Societe des

Sciences Nntrirelles et Mathematiques de Cherbourg, 

42:1-270. 

Richards, P. W. 

1963. Cnmpylopris intropexiis (Hedw.) Brid. and C. polytrichoides De Not. in the British Isles: a Preliminary Account. Transactions of the British Bryological Society, 4:40&417. 

1967. Preliminary Studies on the Bryophytes of Colombia. 

The Bryologist, 7O:l-61. 

1968. Notes on Bryophytes from the Himalayas and 

Assam. The Bryologist, 71:82-97. 

1970. Notes on the Moss Genera, Camptochaete, Physcomitririm and Ptychomnion, in Chile. Phytologia, 

1971. A Revised Classification for the Orders and Families of Mosses. Phytologin, 21:289-293. 

1974. Notes on the Mosses of Juan Fernandez and Southern South America. Phytologia, 29 (2):116120. 

Contribution to the Fuegian Species of the Genus 

Rhncomitriiint Bridel. Archiwrim Societntis Zoologicae Botnnicne Fennicne “Vnnnmo,” 9 (2):85-98. 

(1954.) 

Robinson, H. 

20: 329-33 1. 

Roivainen, H. 

1955. 

Roivainen, H., and E. B. Bartram 

1937. Bryological Investigations in Tierra del Fuego, 1: 

Sphagnaceae-Dicranaceae. Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo,” 

9 (2):i-x, 1-58. 

Sainsbury, G. 0. K. 

1955a. A Handbook of the New Zealand Mosses. Bulletin 

of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 5:1-490. 

1955b. Sotes on Tasmanian Mosses from Rodway’s Herbarium, 111. Papers nnd Proceedings of the Royal 

Society of Tasmania, 89:13-20. 

On Atrichopsis, with Notes on Some Austral Psi!. 

opiliitn Species (Polytrichaceae). BrtlIetin of the 

Torrey Botnnicnl Cliib, 96 (1):6049, 

1971. A Conspectus of the Genera of Polytrichaceae. 

Memoits of the A‘eru York Botanical Garden, 21 (3): 

Smith, G. L. 

19G8. 

1-83. 

Theriot, I. 

1921. Courtc histoire de rescapees. Reciteil des Priblica. 

tions de In Socidtd Hawrnise d’Etrtdes Diverses, 08: 

29-3G. 

Vitt, D. H. 

1973. A Revisionary Study of the Genus Macroconin. 

Revue Byobgiqrte et Lichenologiqric, 39 (2):203- 

220. 

A Key and Synopsis of the Mosses of Campbell 

Island, New Zealand. New Zenland Joitrnnl of 

1974. 

Botany, 12:185-210. 

Vitt, D. H., and M. R. Crosby 

1972. Achrqphyhm-A New Name for a Genus of Mosses. 

The Bryologist, 75: 174-1 75. 

Wijk, R. van der 

1957. Distichous and Pseudodistichous Mosses. Acta Botanica Neerlandicn, 6(3):386-392. 

Wijk, R. van der, W. D. Margadant, and P. A. Florschutz 

1959-1969. Index Muscorum: I (A-C), I1 (D-Hypno), 111 

(Hypnum-0), IV (P-S), V (T-2, addenda). In 

Regnttm I’egetnbile, 17: 1-548; 2G:1-535; 33:l-529: 

48:1-804; 65:l-922. 

Zander, R. 

19GG. Rhnbdon’eisin crenttlntn New to North America. 

1952. Revision of the Genus Leptodontiion (Musci) in 

The Is’ryologist, 69:356-358. 

the New World. The Bryologist, 75:213-280. 
Index 

(Synonyms in italics; new combinations in boldface; page numbers of principal entries in italics) 

Achrophyllum, 1, 6, 72 

anomalum, 72 

dentatum, 72, 73 

tenuinerve, 72, 74 

Acrocladium, 5, 58, 68 

auriculatum, 68 

Amblystegiaceae, 58, 65, 67 

Amblystegium, 7, 67 

serpens, 67 

Amphidium, 4, 20, 21 

cyathicarpum, 20 

tortuosum, 20 

Amphoridium compactum, 20 

Anacolia, 3, 39, 40 

abyssinica, 39 

laevisphaera, 39 

Andreaea, 2, 7 

alpina, 7 

naumannii, 7 

squamata, 7 

Andreaeaceae, 7 

Anictangium humboldtii, 49 

Anoectangium humboldtii var. australis, 

Aulacomniaceae, 38 

Aulacomnium pentastichum, 45 

49 

Barbula flagellaris, 32 

scabrineruis, 32 

Bartramiaceae, 39 

Bartramia, 3, 39, 40 

ambigua, 39 

appressa, 42 

aristata, 40 

catenulata, 42 

diminutiva, 40 

exigua, 42 

fernandeziana, 40 

fragilifolia, 40 

hymenodon, 42 

krausei, 42 

oreadella, 40 

patens, 40 

pinnulata, 42 

potosica, 40 

pusilla, 42 

pycnocolea, 40 

remotifolia, 42 

subpatens, 40 

subsessile, 39 

ventanae, 42 

willii, 42 

Brachytheciaceae, 58, 62, 65 

Breutelia, 3, 43 

masafuerae, 43 

subplicata, 43, 44 

subplicata var. masajuerae, 43 

Bryaceae, 33 

Bryodusenia, 69 

Bryoerythrophyllum, 5, 30 

campylocarpum, 30, 31 

jamesonii, 30 

argenteum, 34, 35 

billardieri, 36 

chryseum, 34, 35 

crispa t um, 2 1 

cruegeri, 35 

fernandezianum, 34, 35 

lechleri, 34, 35 

oamaruense, 45 

truncorum, 36 

vagans, 43 

Bryum, 3, 34 

Calliergon, 68 

Calyptrochaeta, 5, 71 

grandiretis, 71 

leptoloma, 7 1, 72 

Camptochaete orbiculata, 58 

Campylopus, 3, 24, 25 

aberrans, 25 

appressifolius, 26 

arbicola, 25 

arcuatus, 26 

arenarius, 26 

areodictyon, 28 

berteroanus, 27 

blindioides, 25, 26 

chrismarii, 28 

clavatus, 25, 26, 27 

cylindrothecium, 26 

ellipticothecum, 26 

fernandezianus, 22 

insititius, 26 

introflexus, 25, 27 

kunkelii, 25, 27 

lamellatus, 27 

laxiretis, 26 

leptodus, 26, 27 

leucognodes, 28 

leucotrichus, 27 

luridus, 27 

muricatus, 24 

otaramaii, 26 

persimplex, 26 

pilosissimus, 27 

polytrichoides, 27 

rarus, 26 

richardii, 27 

strictus, 27 

subareodictyon, 26 

traillii, 26 

truncatzis, 27 

vitzliputzli, 27 

walkeri, 26 

Catagoniopsis, 6, 62 

berteroana, 63 

Catagonium, 5, 68 

politum, 69 

Catherinea australasiaca, 9 

innovans, 9 

lagenacea, 9 

prolificans, 9 

Cecalyphum dichotomum, 22 

Ceratodon, 4, 1-l 

purpureus, 15 

Chorisodontium, 3, 24 

aciphyllum, 21 

Codonoblepharon menziesii, 45 

Cryphaeaceae, 50 

Cymbaria jamesonii, 37 

Cyptodon, 2, 6, 50 

crassinervis, 50 

Daltonia, 2, 6, 69 

curvicuspes, 70 

gracilis, 70 

hampeana, 70 

krauseana, 70 

lorifolia, 70 

minutijolia, 70 

ocanniana, 70 

wallisii, 70 

Daltoniaceae, 69 

Dendrocryphaea cuspidata, 50 

Dendroligotrichum, 2, 9 

dendroides, 10 

Dichodontium brotheri, 20 

Dicnemonaceae, 28 

Dicranaceae, 19 

84 
NUMBER 27 a5 

Dicranella, 4, 19 

Dicranodontium australe, 22 

Dicranoloma, 3, 21 

costata, 19 

billardieri, 21, 22, 24 

capillifolioides, 21, 23 

fernandezianum, 23 

kaiparense, 22 

kunkelii, 1, 21, 2f 

menziesii, 21, 22, 24 

nigricaule, 21, 23 

patentifolium, 23 

Dicranum aciphyllum, 24 

angustenewe, 22 

austro-rongesturn, 23 

baileyanum, 23 

billardieri, 22 

brachypelma, 22 

brownii, 22 

calymperoideunz, 22 

capillifolium, 22 

clavaturn, 26 

confine, 22 

drepanocladium, 23 

flexifolium, I4 

julvum R. Brown ter., 22 

integerrinzum, 23 

zntroflexum, 27 

kaiparense, 22 

kroneanum, 22 

lamellicosta, 27 

leptocepha lu in, 27 

liebmanni, 27 

lutescens, 27 

meniiesii, 22 

nigricaule, 23 

oedithecium, 22 

proliferum, 27 

pungentella, 23 

purpureum, 15 

scopareolurn, 22 

scoparium, 23 

scopelloides, 23 

subconfine, 23 

suberectum, 22 

sulphztreo-pavus, 26 

tasmanicum, 27 

trichophyllum, 22 

weyrnouthii, 23 

Didyniodon angustulus, 31 

calymperidictyon, 30 

distichus, 37 

linearis, 30 

pungens, 31 

Diplostichaceae, 36 

Diplostichum, 2, 36 

distichum, 37 

jamesonii, 37 

longirostre, 37 

miradoricum, 37 

poeppigii, 37 

spruceanum, 37 

Distichophyllum, 6, 70 

assimile, 70 

fernandeiianum, 70 

subelimbatum, 71 

Ditrichaceae, 13 

Ditrichum, 3, I3 

difficile, 14 

longisetum, 14 

pallidum, 14 

rufescens, 14 

Dryptodon crispulus, 16 

Eriopus, 71 

grandiretis, 71 

leptoloma, 72 

Eucamptodon, 2, 5, 28 

perichaetialis, 28 

Eucatagonizcm, 69 

Eustichia longirostris, 37 

spruceana, 37 

Fissidens, 2, 10 

asplenioides, 11, I3 

crassicuspes, 10, 11, 12 

fernandezianus, 10, 11 

leptochaete, 11,I.Z 

maschalanthus, 11, 12, 13 

novae-hollandiae, 38 

ornaticostatus, 1, 11,12 

pycnotylus, 13 

rigidulus, I1 

Fissidentaceae, 10 

Funariaceae, 33 

Funaria, 2, 33 

hygrometrica, 33 

Glyphocarpa laevisphaera, 39 

taylorii, 39 

Glyphomitrium fernandezianum, 19 

Grimmia, 3, 15 

austro-patens, 17 

ch ryso b lasta, 18 

glacialis, 18 

hypnoides, 18 

la euiga t a, 1 7 

nigrita, 18 

phyllorhizans, 15 

willii, 17 

Grimmiaccac, 15 

Gymnostomum, 4, 29 

acruginosum, 29 

calcareum, 29 

linearifolium, 20 

marginaturn, 29 

pachyloma, 68 

Haplodontiurn, 35 

Harrisonia appendiculata, 49 

crasso-limbata, 49 

pavipila, 49 

mandonii, 49 

pallidipila, 49 

rubiginosa, 49 

rubro-cincta, 49 

uleana, 49 

Hedwigiaceae, 49 

He pat kina cy cloph y lla, 7 3 

n anocau [is, 73 

parvula, 73 

pseudo-obscura, 73 

iuerniana, 73 

Hookeria, 72 

dentata, 73 

denticulata, 73 

hepa ticae fo lia, 73 

macroneura, 73 

nigrella, 73 

obscura, 72, 73 

ra mu losa, 7 3 

robusta, 73 

splendid issi ma, 74 

subsimilis, 73 

telmaphila, 73 

Hookeriaceae, 50, 69, 75 

Hymenostornum rnuelleri, 30 

unguiculatum, 30 

Hypnaceae, 80 

Hypnodendraceae, 58 

Hypnodendron, 6, 58 

microstictum, 58 

Hypnum, 5, 80 

albulum, 81 

arborescens, 65 

arbuscula, 59 

arbusculans, 55 

auriculaturn, 68 

berteroanum, 63 

chapmanni, 81 

collaturn, 64 

complanum, 63 

cygnisetum, 76 

denticulosum, 62 

furfurosum, 62 

krausei, 58 

lechleri, 39, 63, 80 

lechleri var. fernandezianum, 80 

loxense, 78 

masafuerae, 79, 80 

micans, 81 

mnioides, 38 

ornithopodioides, 61 

politum, 69 

ptychocarpon, 76 

p’urpurascens, 49 

fulvum, 81 
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

scabrifolium, 42 

serpens, 67 

smithii, 53 

sparsum, 62 

suberectum, 62 

tenerum, 81 

tenuifolium, 64 

thouinii, 59 

tomentosum, 61 

toxarion, 66 

unguiculatum, 62 

valdiviae, 55 

Hypopterygiaceae, 58 

Hypopterygium, 5, 58 

araucarieti, 59 

arbuscula, 59 

didictyon, 60 

pexisetum, 59 

pallens, 59 

plumarium, 59 

speciosum, 59 

thouinii, 59 

wolohuegelii, 59 

Isopterygium, 5, 80 

driimmondii, 81 

fernandezianum, 81 

semicostatum, 52 

tenerum, 81 

Lantprophyllum, 74 

splendidissimum, 74 

Lembophyllaceae, 58, 65 

Leptodon, 6, 53 

australis, 53 

beccarii, 53 

novae-seelandiae, 53 

smithii, 53 

Leptodontium, 5, 31 

acutifolium, 31 

acutissimum, 32 

braunioides, 31 

fernanderianum, 31 

grimmioides, 32 

matucanense, 31 

microruncinatum, 31 

pungens, 2, 31 

rufescens, 31 

skottsbergii, 32 

subgrimmioides, 32 

undulatum, 31 

Leptostomataceae, 36 

Leptostomum, 3, 36 

menziesii, 36 

Leptotheca, 3, 38 

gaudichaudii, 38 

spegazrini, 38 

longisetum, 14 

Leptotrichum boryanum, 14 

Lepyrodon, 5, 6, 50, 51 

australis, 51 

hexastichus, 51 

parvulus, 51 

tomentosus, 51 

Lepyrodontaceae, 50, 75 

Leskea caespitosa, 78 

concinna, 59 

fulvastra, 62 

mollis, 52 

Leskeaceae, 61, 65 

Leucodon hexastichus, 51 

kunzeanus, 51 

tonzentosus, 51 

peruncinatum, 23 

Leucolonia capillifolium, 22 

Leucomiaceae, 75 

Lopidium, 5, 58 

araucarieti, 59 

aristatulum, 59 

concinnum, 59 

pallens, 59 

plunzariuni, 59 

Macrocoma, 6, 47 

sullivantii, 47 

Macromitrium, G, 47 

bolivianrtm, 47 

consanguineum, 47 

fernandezianum, 47, 48 

ghiesbreghtii, 47 

leiboldtii, 47 

masafuerae, 47, 48 

mexicanum, 47 

microstomum, 47, 48 

nitidum, 49 

okamurae, 47 

owahiense, 49 

paraphysa t urn, 47 

pseudo-hemitrichodes, 49 

reinwardtii, 49 

saxatile, 48 

stratosum, 49 

sullivantii, 47 

tasmanicum, 48 

weymouthii, 49 

Meteoriaceae, 52, 69 

Meteorirtm filipendzclum, 53 

flexicaule, 53 

Mielichhoferia, 2, 34 

longiseta, 34 

Mniobryum, 43 

Neckera, 5, 53, 54 

cumingi, 52 

glauca, 51 

implexa, 51 

rotundata, 51 

suborthosticha, 52 

Neckeraceae, 53 

Kotoligotrichum, 2, 8 

minimum, 8 

Oligotrichum, 2, 7 

canaliculatum, 7 

Oncophorus, 4, 19 

fuegianus, 20 

Orthodontium, 2, 33 

aethiopicum, 33 

gracile, 33 

oscu la t ian u m, 33 

tenellum, 33 

Orthotrichaceae, 44 

Orthotrichrtrn brevicolle, 46 

chilense, 46 

inicrostomum, 48 

rufulum, 46 

Papillaria, 6, 52 

flexicaulis, 53 

Phascum neruosum var. robinsonii, 13 

Philonotis, 2, 3, 41 

glabrata, 41 

krauseana, 42 

krausei, 41, 42 

scabrifolia, 4, 41, 42 

vagans, 41, 43 

Pilotrichaceae, 69 

I’ilotrichum, 69 

l’innatella, 6, 54 

macrosticta, if 

Plagiotheciaceae, 68, 69 

Plagiothecium groutii, 81 

Pleuridium, 3, 13 

robinsonii, 13 

Pogonatum liliputanum, 7 

Pohlia, 35 

Polytrichaceae, 7 

I’olytrichadelphus, 2, 9 

horridus, 9 

magellanicus, 9 

minimus, 8, 9 

dendroides, 10 

magellanicum, 9 

molinae, 7 

polycarprcm, 9 

ruahinicum, 9 

tongariroense, 10 

arbusculans, 55 

fasciculatum, 53 

valdiviae, 55 

latinerue, 57 

rigidum, 57 

Pottiaceae, 28 

Psilopilum antarcticum, 8 

Polytrichum canaliculatum, 7 

Porothamnium, 6, 54, 55, 56 

Porotrichum confertum, 56 
NUMBER 27 87 

minimum, 8 

trichodon, 8 

Pterigynandrum longirostre, 37 

Pterygophyllum, 72 

crassirete, 73 

cyclophyllum, 73 

dentatum, 73 

denticulatum, 73 

hepat icae f o 1 ium, 73 

hookeri, 73 

macroneuron, 73 

magellanicum, 73 

nanocaule, 73 

nigrellum, 73 

obscurum Mitt., 72, 73 

obscurun~ [Mont.] Mitt., 72 

pseudo-obscurum, 73 

ramulosuni, 73 

robustuin, 73 

subsimile, 73 

telmaphilum, 73 

tenuinerve, 74 

Ptychomitrium, 4, 18 

fernandezianum, 19 

l’tychomniaceae, 50, 75 

Phychomnion, 5, 75 

aciculare, 75, 76 

cygnisetum, 75, 76 

falcatulum, 75, 76 

falcatulum var. gracilescens, 76 

horridum, 75 

latifolium, 75 

ptychocarpon, 75, 76 

suhaciculare, 75, 76 

Racopilum anomalum, 72 

Rhahdoweisia, 4, 20 

crispata, 21 

denticulata, 21 

fugax, 21 

gymnostomioides, 21 

kusenevae, 21 

sinensis, 21 

Rhacocarpus, 5, 49 

purpurascens, 49 

Rhacomitrium, 3, 5, 15, 16 

austro-georgicum, 17 

austro-patens, 17 

conuolutum, 17 

crispipilum, 16, 17 

crispulum, 16 

geminatum, 16 

geronticutn, 17 

glaciale, 18 

heterostichum, 16, 17 

in tegripilu m, 16 

laevigatum, 16, 17 

lanuginosum, 16, 17 

[anzcginoszrm var. pruinosum, 17 

limbaturn, 18 

loriforme, 17 

nigritum, 16, 18 

rupestre, 17 

scabrifolium, 17 

senile, 18 

skottsbergii, 17 

striatipilum, 16 

subnigritum, 18 

substenocladum, 17 

subst? iatipilum, 16 

Rhacopilaceae, 60 

Rhacopilum, 5, 60, 61 

fernandezianum, 60 

lat ist ipulat um, 61 

tomentosum, 60, 61 

brachycladtrlum, 78 

caespitosoides, 77, 78 

ludouicianum, 81 

masnfuerae, 79 

Rhizogoniaceae, 37 

Rhizogonium, 4, 37 

mnioides, 37, 38 

novae-hollandiae, 37, 38 

novae-hollandiae var. patagonicum, 38 

Rhynchostegium, 7, 63 

complanum, 63 

tenuifolia, 63, 64 

Rigodium, 6, 58, 64, 65 

arhorescens, 64, 65 

elegantulum, 63 

hylocomioides, 2, 64, 65 

implexum, 65 

lechleri, 65 

looseri, 66 

nano-fasciculatum, 66 

rohustum, 64, 66 

tamarix, 65 

toxarion, 64, 66 

Rhaphidostegium aberrans, 77, 78 

Schimperobryum, 5, 74 

splendidissimum, 74 

Sciaromium, 6, 67 

pachyloma, 68 

Cematophyllaceae, 50, 69, 77 

Sematophyllum, 5, 77 

aherrans, 77 

brachycladulum, 77, 78, 79 

caespitosum, 77, 78 

kunkelii, 1, 77, 79, 80 

masafuerae, 77, 79, 80 

.Stenornitrium, 46 

Stokesiella, 65 

.Syrrho@don crispatus, 30 

jamesoiiii, 30 

torluosus, 20 

Thamnium, 56 

assimile, 57 

carolii, 56 

crassinervium, 57 

ingae, 57 

proboscideum, 57 

siamense, 56 

carolii, 56, 57 

confertum, 56 

ingae, 56, 57 

pandum, 58 

proboscideum, 56, 57 

rigidum, 56, 57 

Thuidium, 6, 61, 65 

corralense, 62 

furfurosum, 61, 62 

masafuerae, 61, 62 

ualdiviae, 62 

Thamnobryum, 1, 6, 55, 56 

Thysanomitrion jamaicense, 27 

Tortula, 3, 32 

flagellaris, 32 

perflaccida, 32 

scabrinervis, 32 

Trichostomopsis australasiae, 31 

Trichostomum, 4, 29 

anablystegiuni, 30 

hrachydontium, 30 

campylocarpum, 30 

carnpylopyxis, 30 

crispipilum, 16 

dificile, 14 

lanuginosum, 17 

laxifolium, 14 

mutabile, 30 

Ulota, 3, 46 

fernandeziana. 46 

rufula, 46 

rufula var. patagonica, 47 

Weisia, 4, 28 

controversa, 28, 29 

denticulata, 21 

kunzeana, 28, 29 

perichaetialis, 28 

It’eymouthia, 5, 52 

mollis, 52 

Zygodon, 3, 44 

afiinis, 44 

anoectangioides, 20 

brachyodus, 44 

brownii, 44 

compactus, 20 

coraniensis, 45 

ctiruicaulis, 45 

cyathicarpus, 20 

drummondii, 45 

gracilicaulis, 45 

hymenodontioides, 45 
88 

integrijolium, 20 

interrnedius, 44 

kilimandscharicus, 20 

kraussei, 44 

menziesii, 44, 45 

nanus, 45 

obovalis, 44 

pangerangensis, 45 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

pentastichus, 44, 45 

styesemannii, 45 

transvaaliensis, 45 

uncinatus, 45 

f7 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975- 586-381/31