Please do not destroy or throw away this publication. If you have no further use 

for it write to the Geological Survey at Washington and ask for a frank to return it

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Harold L. Ickes, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. C. Mendenhall, Director

Water-Supply Paper 777

WATER LEVELS AND vARTESIAN PRESSURE

IN OBSERVATfoi^WELLS IN THE

UNITEH;BlklES IN 1935

WITH 

CONCERNING PREVIOUS W&EK AND RESULTS

Prepared under tHe direction' of

O. E. MEl*rZE& '-. 

Geolcgist in Charge of Ground-Water laTestigations

and ^ r," - .j\

L. K. WENZEL, ' . 

Chairman of the Committee on Observation^Ij7ells

o <*

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1936

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - Price 30 cents (paper cover)

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction.................................................... 1

Arkansas................................^....................... 5

Grand Prairie region, by D. G. Thoftpson.................... 6

California...................................................... 18

General summary, by F. C. Ebert............................ 18

Mokelumne area, by A. M. Piper............................. 26

Connecticut, by W. H, Brothwell................................. 36

Florida, by V. T. Strlngfield................................... 40

Hawaii, by H. T. Steams......................................... 43

Idaho........................................................... 66

Indiana, by R. C. Cady.......................................... 60

Iowa and Missouri............................................... 62

Tarklo Creek area of Soil Conservation Service............. 62

Kansas.......................................................... 66

Limestone Creek area of Soil Conservation Service.......... 66

Michigan, by V. T. Strlngfield.................................. 71

Montana......................................................... 74

Flathead Valley between Flathead Lake and Kalispell, by

W. A. Lamb............................................... 74

Nebraska, by L. K. Wenzel....................................... 86

New Jersey, by H. C. Barksdale.................................. 96

New Mexico...................................................... 106

Lea County, by C. V. Theis................................. 106

Mimbres Valley............................................. 106

Portales Valley, by C. V. Theis............................ 108

Roswell Artesian Basin, by A. G. Fiedler................... 109

New York........................................................ 115

Long Island, by D. G. Thompson............................. 115

Central New York, by A. W. Harrington...................... 127

North Carolina.................................................. 130

State-wide project, by E. D. Burchard...................... 130

Deep River area of Soil Conservation Service............... 136

Oklahoma........................................................ 140

Stillwater Creek area of Soil Conservation Service......... 140

Oregon, by A. M. Piper.......................................... 143

Pennsylvania, by S. W. Lohman................................... 161

South Carolina.................................................. 170

Tiger River area of Soil Conservation Service.............. 170

Texas............................................................ 174

State-wide project, by W. N. White and A. N, Sayre......... 174

Elm Creek and Deer Creek areas of Soil Conservation Service 224

Utah, by G. H. Taylor and H. E. Thomas......................... 0 228

Virginia, by 0. E. Meinzer, R. C. Cady, and V. C. Fishel........ 260

Washington...................................................... 259

General summary............................................ 259

Palouse River area of Soil Conservation Service............ 260

Wisconsin....................................................... 264

Central and northeastern Wisconsin......................... 264

Coon Creek area of Soil Conservation Service............... 265

ill

INTRODUCTION

The present report conalata of a group of papera prepared chiefly 

by membera of the United States Geological Survey. It relatea chiefly 

to the work of the Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, 

county, and local agenclea In obtaining recorda of water levela and 

artealan preaaure In obaervatlon wella In 25 States and the Territory 

of Hawaii. It la planned to be the first of a aerlea of annual reporta 

on the fluctuatlona of the ground-water levela and artealan preaaures 

In the United Statea. No effort haa been made to obtain atrlct uniformity among the aeveral papera, either In aubject matter or In the 

detalla of preaentatlon.

The papera covering moat of the Statea relate only to the work of 

the United Statea Geological Survey and cooperating agenclea, but for 

aome Statea the work of other agenclea la alao outlined. Thua an outline la given of practically all water-level work In California, Including a large amount of valuable work done Independently by State and 

other agenclea. For moat of the Statea that are covered a hlatorlcal 

outline Is given of the water-level work that haa been done by the 

Geological Survey and cooperating agenclea. For aome Statea, however for example, Montana only the recorda of apeclflc projects 

are given. Conalderable water-level work haa alao been done In aome 

of the Statea that are not Included In this report. It la hoped that 

In the reporta for enaulng yeara adequate Information for all States 

can be presented.

In cooperation with the State geologlat of South Dakota, about 

75 artealan wella weat of the Mlaaourl River were Inveatlgated by 

T. W. Roblnaon In 1935, and, with certain exceptlona, one or more 

measurements of depth to the water level or artesian preaaure were made 

on each of theae wella. The recorda of these wella are to be published In a bulletin of the State Geological Survey. Water levela 

were measured In aeveral wella In Georgia In connection with an inveatlgatlon of the Warm Sprlnga area by D. F. Hewett and othera. An 

automatic water-atage recorder waa maintained on one obaervatlon well 

In Memphia, Term.
2 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The water levels are given with reference to datum planes of different kinds. Some are given in depth below the measuring point that is, 

below the recognized reference mark at or near the top of the well from 

which the depth to the water level in the well is usually measured; some 

are given in height above mean sea level; and some are given in height 

above an arbitrary datum plane. The preferred method of expressing water 

levels is the arbitrary-datum method that was developed in connection 

with the work in Pennsylvania and is used also in this report for the 

records of the eight areas of the United States Soil Conservation Service in which the Geological Survey is cooperating. This method and ita

advantages are described in the report of the committee on observation

1 

wells. According to this method a date is chosen when the water levels

are at a low stage, and the arbitrary datum for each observation well is 

taken to be 10 feet below the water level in that well on that date. For 

the Pennsylvania project the date was November 28, 1931; for the eight 

Soil Conservation projects it was January 1, 1935. The depths to the 

water levels were not generally measured on January 1, 1935, but were computed by interpolating between the last measurement in December 1934 and 

the first measurement in January 1935. If on any project a new observation 

well is added after the program has been started, its arbitrary datum is 

determined by selecting a date when the other observation wells of the 

project have an average stage that is fairly close to 10 feet, and assuming that the water level in the new well on that date is at the 

average stage.

The present report and the plan to issue annual water-level reports 

in future years are to be regarded as a step in the realization of a 

Nation-wide program of water-level records which has been recommended 

by the National Resources Committee and on which the Geological Survey 

has been intensively working in recent yegrs. In this connection attention is called to the report of the committee on observation wells of the 

Geological Survey, which is a preliminary manual of methods that was issued by the Department of the Interior in mimeographed form in May 1935; 

also to the series of papers that were presented in the symposium on 

ground-water levels at the meeting of the Section of Hydrology of the 

American Geophysical Union on May 1, 1936, and are to be published in 

the Transactions of the Union. In the introduction to the report of the 

committee on observation wells is given a general outline of the water1 Leggette, R. M., and others, Report of the committee on observation wells, United States Geological Survey a preliminary manual of 

methods (mimeographed), pp. 56-57, U. S. Dept. Interior, May 1935.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 3

level work of the Geological Survey and a discussion as to what is needed 

to develop this work into an adequate Nation-wide program.

Acknowledgments for effective sejrvices in the preparation of this report are due to V. C. Fishel, especially for his work on the papers relating to the projects of the Soil Conservation Service, to Bernard H0 

Lane, who edited the entire report, and to Miss Florence Garrison, who 

typed the offset copy.

The following instructions were issued December 18, 1935, for the 

preparation of contributions to this report:

Each State section will consist of two parts first, a comprehensive description of the water-level work that has been done in the State; 

and second, a presentation of selected data.

The first part is required in full for each State and should give 

essentially the following information: (l) A brief historical review of 

water-level work that has been done in the State, including the essential 

facts in regard to agencies and personnel, the first measurements that 

were made, the development and interruptions of the water-level programs, 

and the length of records. (2) A comprehensive description of the waterlevel work in the calendar year 1935, including a statement regarding the 

cooperating agencies and approximate statements as to the total number of 

wells in which water levels were measured at least once in 1935, the number of wells in which more than one measurement was made during the year, 

and the total number of individual measurements made during the year. 

(3) A general statement as to the program of measurements about how 

many wells were measured weekly, monthly, or at other intervals in 1935, 

and something as to whether the measurements were made by our own regular 

staff, by men who were employed to make rounds of measurements at stated 

intervals, or by local observers of individual wells. (No statements 

need be included as to whether the measurements were voluntary or as to 

their cost.) (4) Information as to the number of automatic water-stage 

recorders that were operated during 1935. (5) Ground-water provinces 

covered. (6) General range in depth, diameter, and type of wells.

(7) General classification of wells as water-table or artesian, and 

whether in areas affected or unaffected by heavy artificial withdrawal.

(8) General information as to the character anH permanency of measuring 

points and bench marks and to what extent they have been tied in by instrumental leveling. (9) References to existing publications that contain water-level data and a statement as to the availability to the 

public of unpublished records.

The second part of the State -section will consist of information in 

regard to fluctuations of ground-water levels in 1935, and to some extent to fluctuations during the entire period since measurements were 

begun. Some data must be given in each State section, but wide latitude 

is allowed to the different men in regard to the amount of data contributed and also in the method of presentation. This latitude is 

granted in order that the project may not involve more work for any man 

than he can do successfully without essential interference with his 

other assigned work; also, in order that the report may be properly 

adapted to the other reports that are being prepared in the division. 

For example, in some States a large amount of data is being collected 

and there is provision for publishing the data in other reports, whereas 

in other States there are only a few observation wells and it may be 

desirable to give the complete records in this annual volume. A comprehensive and systematic plan should eventually be developed and executed 

for each State in which water-level measurements are made, but this work 

may require considerable time and should not be allowed to delay sub- 

 mission of material for the 1935 report.

In so far as practicable a concise summary should be given of the 

water-level fluctuations during the calendar year and also of the 

fluctuations during previous years for which there are records. This 

may be done by giving the average fluctuations of all the observation 

wells or of selected groups of wells, either in the text or in tabular 

form. Information is especially desired as to the average fluctuations
4 WAffER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936

of the observation wells or of selected groups of wells, either in the 

text or in tabular form. Information is especially desired as to the 

average fluctuations of the observation wells in the State that are 

classified as water-table wells not situated in any recognized cone of 

depression. This information should include the number of wells used in 

obtaining the averages and the average water levels on or about January 1, 

1935, and on or about January 1, 1936. It may also include the average 

on or about the first of each month in 1935 and in previous years.

It is desirable to include for several typical wells the complete 

1935 records and also summaries of the records of previous years. Pull 

information, such as is given on form 9-185, with, full descriptions of 

the measuring points and benchmarks, must be given in regard to each 

well for which individual water-level data are presented. It is planned 

that this information will not be repeated in future annual reports. 

The records may be given either in depths below the measuring points or 

in elevations above an arbitrary datum. If an arbitrary datum is used 

its depth below the measuring point must be given.

Correlative records of precipitation and stream flow are not required but may be included in special cases. Furthermore, a concise 

description may be submitted of any especially interesting or unusual 

types of water-level fluctuations or interesting correlations of such 

fluctuations with precipitation, stream flow, pumping, or irrigation.
ARKANSAS

GRAND PRAIRIE REGION 

By D. G. Thompson

Measurements of the depth to water In wells In the Grand Prairie 

region, comprising Arkansas County and parts of Prairie and Lonoke 

Counties, have been made since 1927 by the United States Geological 

Survey In cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Survey and the 

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Measurements were first made 

In 14 wells in September 192Y by 0. E. Melnzer. Beginning In July 1928, 

from 100 to 150 wells were measured several times a year for 2 or 3 years. 

As funds for the work were reduced, the wells were measured only twice 

a year, and In 1934 and 1935 only once a year. Water-stage recorders 

have been maintained on one well continuously since July 20, 1928, and 

on five other wells for periods of 16 months or more.

The only significant draft on the principal water-bearing formation 

Is that for rice Irrigation and generally continues from about May 15 to 

September 15, sometimes with a little pumpage earlier or later than these 

dates. Therefore, when two measurements a year were possible these were 

made not later than May 15 or earlier than September 15. An effort was 

made to measure the wells several weeks before pumping began and after 

it stopped; and also, so far as possible, to make each succeeding annual 

measurement on the same day of the year as the previous measurement. In 

the first few years of the Investigation the annual spring measurements 

were made in the later half of April and early May. However, It became 

desirable to have the results available earlier, and the measuring period 

was shifted to late February and early March. During the first 2 years 

after this shift most of the wells were measured both In February or March 

and In April or May, to afford a basis of comparison with the earlier 

records.

The Grand Prairie region Is a part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The 

section consists, at the top, of beds of clay, silt, sand, and gravel of 

Pleistocene age that range from less than 100 feet to 250 feet or more In 

thickness. Throughout practically the entire area the upper part of these 

beds, to a depth of 25 to 100 feet in different places, consists largely 

of clay or silt, which is apparently very Impervious. There is good
6 WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

evidence that very little If any recharge of the underlying water-bearing 

beds occurs by direct downward percolation from rainfall, and that the 

water moves In laterally from points of recharge beyond the borders of 

the region.

Beneath the Pleistocene beds is several hundred feet of clay and sand 

of Tertiary age. About 10 wells take water from some of these sands.

The altitudes of the measuring points of most of the observation wells 

have been determined by means of instrumental levels tied to a line of 

levels run from a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark at 

Varner, in Lincoln County, to a similar bench mark at Hazen, In Prairie 

County. Along this line permanent bench marks were established In the 

towns and at intervals of about 3 miles, and less permanent bench marks 

at shorter Intervals. The levels were run by the topographic branch of 

the United States Geological Survey.

For many wells the measuring point is the top of the pump base, which 

Is commonly an Inch or two above the top of the steel well pit or casing. 

Inasmuch as the pumps of many wells are removed at Intervals of a few years, 

some of the reference points have been disturbed and not always returned to 

the same altitude. It has not been possible to relevel to these wells, but 

an attempt has been made to apply approximate corrections wherever there 

has been a noticeable change in the altitude of the measuring point.

On the following pages records are given for 18 wells, on 5 of which 

automatic recorders have been maintained during at least a part of the 

period of observation. For the recorder wells the depth to the water level 

is given on dates when the wells were visited; for other wells all measurements are given.

All the wells for which automatic records are available, with one 

possible exception, show fluctuations that are caused by fluctuations of 

atmospheric pressure. These atmospheric fluctuations have been proved to 

be practically constant for wells 60 miles apart. Minor differences may 

be attributed largely to the differences In pressure in different parts of 

a high or low pressure area separated by such a distance. Observed 

fluctuations due to this cause have been as much as 1 foot within a few days 

and are frequently more than 6 inches as areas of high and low pressure pass 

across the region.

Most of the wells have hydrographs of similar types with highest 

points just before the irrigation season begins - Thereafter there is a 

drop rather rapid at first and then becoming slower and slower but generally
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 7

continuing to the end of the Irrigation season. During the irrigation 

season the water level generally rises from a few inches to several feet 

when nearby pumps are shut down for periods of a few hours to a few days, 

the amount of rise depending on the distance from the pumping well. The 

lowest water level is generally reached at the end of the irrigation 

season. Thereafter the water level rises, at first rapidly, then more 

slowly. In a few wells near the White River, along the eastern edge of 

the region near Crocketts Bluff and St. Charles, the head has generally 

declined for several weeks after the end of the irrigation season. In 

, the northeast and southeast corners of the area there is definite 

evidence that the head rises and falls In fairly close accord with the 

stage of the White River. Elsewhere there Is no evidence of recharge 

from any of the streams in the region except possibly In one small area 

near the Arkansas River, at the extreme south end of the region.

Pumping for irrigation began about 1900, but It probably did not 

become great enough to affect the general static level very much until 

some time after 1910. Information is available in regard to the approximate depth to water in a considerable number of wells drilled within a 

few years before or after that date, and these data afford a basis for 

general comparison with present conditions. The evidence indicates that 

before there was any heavy pumping for Irrigation the water was under 

artesian pressure practically everywhere in the region, and the piezometric surface was highest in the northwestern part and sloped eastward 

or southeastward, with a gradient between 1 and 2 feet to the mile or a 

little more. As a consequence of heavy pumping there has been developed

a great irregular canoe-shaped depression in the piezometric surface,

1 

with its long axis trending north-northwest to south-southeast.

This depression apparently is completely closed, and the contours of 

the piezometric surface show that water is flowing into it from all 

directions beyond its borderj except that in low stages of the White 

River there may be a break in the surrounding high part of the piezometric surface at its southeast corner, with some movement of water 

toward the White River. It is a striking fact that in much of the 

eastern part of the area the direction of flow has been reversed since 

about 1910.

1 Ground-water supplies for rice irrigation In the Grand Prali'ie 

region, Arkansas: TJ, S. Dept. Interior Press Mem. 49844, 21 pp., 2 maps. 

Jan. 26, 1931.
8 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The lowest part of the depression in the piezometric surface extends from a point a few miles east and northeast of Stuttgart southeastward to a point a few miles south Of DeWitt. In some wells in this part 

of the area the head now Is apparently 35 to 40 feet lower than it was 

about 1910. In some parts where there has been a great drop in head the 

upper part of the water-bearing beds has been drained, and the Original 

artesian condition has been succeeded by a water table. In contrast to 

the great decline in head in the central part of the region, the decline 

around the borders has been only a few feet.

10 G. G. Pitch. Near northwest corner NE^SE^ sec. 12,. T. 2 N., R. 8 W. 

Depth of well 200 feet; depth of pit 80+ feet. Measuring point, 

top of pit, level with land surface, until spring of 1930, when 

pump was installed; thereafter top of pump base, about 0.10 foot 

above top of pit. Measurements made from new point have been 

corrected to the original point by deducting 0.10 foot; altitude 

of original measuring point, 234.91 feet. Well equipped with automatic water-stage recorder, Dec. 1, 1928 to Mar. 30, 1930.

Date

Oct.

Nov.

Nov.

Jan.

July

July

July

Aug.

Feb.

Mar.

Aug.

Sept.

25,1928

19

21

18,1929

5

8

30

4

20,1930

21

12

1

Time

Noon

4:05

10:55

1:20

10:00

10:50

11:40

11:30

4:20

2*20

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

48.33

47.75

47.73

45.10

a 51.68 "" 51.91

b 53.32

T) 54.12

" 47.08

46.68

c

2 54.86

Date

Oct.

Apr.

Feb.

Apr.

Oct.

Feb.

Feb.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Feb.

10

20

20

18

13

21

28

24

15

19

19

,1930

,1931

,1932

,1933

,1934

,1935

Time

3:45

12:30

2:40

6:00

11:30

12:40

4:10

3:45

11:00

12:20

10:45

P

P

P

P

a

P

P

P

a

P

a

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

52.21

47.89

48.48

47.68

52.43

49.19

48.82

54.00

51.97

50.80

49.57

a Pumps running in wells -J mile west and ^ mile northwest.

5 Pump punning in well ^ mile northwest.

c Pumping.

(T New reference point used in this measurement.

51A. Mrs. A. Maxwell, SW^SE^ see. 11, T. 2 N., R. 6 W. Measuring point, 

top of pit, approximately level with land surface; altitude not 

determined. This is an abandoned well. It has been equipped with 

an automatic water-stage recorder continuously since Oct. 29,1930, 

but because of breakage of the float cable and unavoidable irregularity in attendance there have been several breaks of considerable 

length since about Feb. 1,1933. The well is equipped with a continuous recorder which operates about 6 weeks without attendance. 

When it has not been possible to visit the recorder promptly after 

the clock has stopped, checks for both time and vertical scale have 

been lost. This well is on the extreme northern edge of the Grand

4 Prairie region, and during the period of observation there has been 

no pumpage within at least a mile of the well. In contrast to most 

wells in the region the water level in this well generally reaches 

its highest level in June and its lowest level from about Nov. 1 

to Dec. 31, or even later. This lag is perhaps due to drainage 

from £he border territory, where there is no pumping, to the interior part of the area of heavy pumping. The following measurements 

are those made whenever the recorder was visited to change charts. 

In addition to the measurements in the table the highest and lowest 

levels reached each year according to the charts were as follows: 

1930, highest (since beginning of record Oct. 29) 63.50 Nov. 9, 

lowest 63.85 Dec. 30; 1931, highest 62.98 May 9; lowest 64.30
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Dec. 3; 1932, highest 62.80 May 20, lowest 64.93 Dec. 31; 1933, 

highest 63.45 May 27, (record for late part of year incomplete, 

lowest through Oct. 14 64.56 Oct. 1; thereafter record is so 

incomplete that highest and lowest points are not significant.)

Date

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept

Sept

Oct.

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

June

Aug.

Sept

Nov.

Jan.

Mar.

May

29,1930

25

19,1931

11

22

13

3

.19

.24

12

22

20,1932

25

22

11

.29

30

14,1933

15

18

Time

3:20

11:15

10:00

4:00

4:30

2:30

3:40

3:00

3:50

10:00

10:40

4:10

11:30

3:00

3:30

4:16

10:00

2:30

11:00

2:00

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

64

64

62

62

62

63

63

64

64

64

63

.53

.64

.78

.52

.19

.09

.26

.94

.80

.10

.17

.59

.70

.99

.38

.89

.23

.35

.24

.77

Date

June

Aug.

Oct.

Aug.

Aug.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mar.

Apr.

June

July

Sept

Dec.

Feb.

2,

8

14

(No

24,

27

3

9

19

22

5

4

7,

12

10

18

. 6

1

21,

Time

1933 9:30

3:30

8:20

record Oct.

Aug.

1934 10:00

1:30

11:00

9:00

9:00

3:00

10:00

9:30

1935 4:30

10:40

9:30

2:00

1936

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

a.m

p.m

a.m

14

24

a.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

63.

64.

64.

, 1933

,1934)

64.

64.

64.

64.

64.

64.

65.

65.

65.

65.

64.

64.

65.

65.

65.

50

01

38

to

55

48

73

76

77

78

00

13

28

10

63

60

00

38

50

55 George Jensen (?) Near southwest corner sec. 13, T. 2 N., R. 5 Yf. 

Measuring point, top of pump base, level with top of pit, about 1 

foot above land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 225.85 feet.

Date

Aug. 24,1928

Sept. 25

Nov. 13

Mar. 18,1929

Apr. 29

May 15

May 25

July 9

Aug. 5

Aug. 28

Sept. 12

Sept. 27

Nov. 13

Feb. 20,1930

Mar. 31

Apr. 15

Apr. 23

Depth to 

water level 

Time (feet)

12:25 p.m. 76.37

3:30 p.m. 64.85

11:10 a.m. 60.20

5:30 p.m. 54.36

2:05 p.m. 52.50

5:10 p.m. 53.80

3:50 p.m. 53.78

12:30 p.m. a 72.76

12:30 p.m.'b* 78.35

3:30 p.m."? 79.38

11:45 a.m.cT 78.25

3:35 p.m. 71.78

3:30 p.m. 63.74

5:30 p.m. 55.40

8iOO a.m. 58.27

8:00 a.m. 59.02

9:30 a.m. 60.30

Date

Apr. 28,1930

May 12

May 16

May 21

June 8

June 30

July 9

July 19

Aug. 15

Aug. 30

Sept. 19

Sept.29

Nov. 19

Jan. 19,1931

Feb. 28

Apr. 22

May 1

Time

4:00 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

4:30 p.m.

7:00 p.m.

4:30 p.m.

4:00 p.m.

4:30 p.m.

9:30 a.m.

2:15 p.m.

11:00 a.m.

8:30 a.m.

6:30 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

1;00 p.m.

8:10 a.m.

8:00 a.m.

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

60.63

60.60

59.17

52.75

71.87

78.40

79.04

81.40

e~" 82.10

77.88

69.98

66.68

64.99

59.50

59.60

59.23

Pumps running in well ^ mile north and 1/3 mile southeast.

Pumps running in wells £ mile north and \ mile west.

Pumps running in nearby wells.

Pump running in well 1/3 mile southeast.

This well has been pumped, but not much. Steel tape hung on pump did

not strike water.
10 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE,'1935 

55. George Jensen Continued.

Date

Aug.

Sept.

Feb.

Apr.

Sept.

Sent.

Feb.

Feb.

Mar.

Aug.

Sept.

Sept.

27,1931

29

20,1932

19

7

29

21,1933

22,1934

5

23

8

14

Time

2:40

8:30

5:30

9:00

7:30

6:00

8:00

1:20

5:00

5:00

8:00

P

a

P

a

a

P

a

P

P

P

a

.m.

 m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

71.28

68.17

56.24

58.34

73.68

69.36

57.48

64.15 ?

57.66

80.35

f

g 72.00

Date

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Nov.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Mar.

.26,1934

19

12

28

3

4

14

22

20,1935

13

18

Time

8:15

8:40

9:00

4:15

3:30

1:20

3:10

9:30

1:30

8:15

4:00

a

a

a

P

P

P

P

a

P

a

P

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth td

water level

(feet)

69.42

68.64

68.45

67.80

66.70

66.64

64.87

65.25

61.25

52.37 ?

59.05

f Dry at 88 feet.

_g Plant pumping 1 mile south.

116. Steve Shimek, Jr. NWjNWf sec. 30, T. 1 N., R. 5 W. Measuring

point, top of pump base, 0.15 foot above top of pit and 0.6 foot 

above land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 216.39 feet.

Date

Sept

Apr.

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Sept

Sept

Feb.

.21,1927

18,1928

1

.24

23

9

15,1929

18

25

13

. 4

.24

21,1930

Time

. . .

...

10:55

9:00

5:00

2:40

6:25

9:00

12:15

10:00

9:00

5:00

a

a

P

P

P

a

P

a

a

P

Depth to

water level

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

(feet)

64.39

62.01

65.58

65.02

64.66

64.43

63.83

63.46

62.87

63.13

67.82

66.80

65.00

Date

Apr.

Sept

Apr.

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Feb.

Sept

Sept

Feb.

Aug.

Oct.

Feb.

18

.23

18

13

. 3

.23

22

. 7

.22

23

23

16

21

,1930

,1931

,1932

,1934

,1935

Time

3:20

4iOO

2:10

8:10

8:45

4:35

11:00

2:4t

9:00

9:45

4:10

9:30

11:30

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

64.85

68.80

66.72

a 71.16 ~~ 72.07

69.22

67.80

b 73.99

~ 71.08

69.64

74.27

71.43

70.30

a Shut down 8:30 p.m. Aug. 12. 

T) Plants nearby pumping.

126. Vennum & Patterson. NW^NW^ sec. 12, T. 1 S., R. 7 W. Depth of

well 138 feet; depth of pit SO feet; diameter of screen 13 inches. 

Measuring point, bottom of hole in side of pump, 0.2 foot above 

land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 212.17 feet.

Date

Aug.

Sept

Nov.

Feb.

May

July

10,1928

.24

20

12,1929

21

8

Time

...

5:30

9:00

3:45

4:10

4:20

P

a

P

P

P

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

33.70

33.60

33.62

33.57

33.20

a 34.17

Date

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Apr.

May

Aug.

5,1929

.11

.24

21,1930

21

12

Time

6:00

11:00

5:50

9:30

8:00

9:30

P

a

P

a

a

a

.m

.m

.m

.a

.m

.m

Depth to

water level

(feet)

35.12

35.74

35.35

34.12

34.12

. b 33.88

Pump has been shut down for 10 days.

This well not pumped this year. No nearby wells pumping.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

126. Vennum & Patterson Continued.

11

Depth to 

water level

Date

Sept.

Sept.

Apr.

Sept.

Sept.

Feb.

c

d

1,1930

24

21,1931

7

24

20,1932

Pumped

Time

6:50

1:00

12:05

Noon

1:30

11:25

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

(feet)

37

33

34

35

34

33

.88

.90

.25

.40

.84

.92

Depth to 

water level

Date

Apr.

Sept

Feb.

Aug.

Sept

Feb.

21,1932

.24

20,1934

28

.26

19,1935

Time

4:15

9': 40

11:30

8:30

12:15

 4:30

(feet)

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

33.

34.

c 34.

d" 36.

36.

35.

42

84

78

33

18

55

in 1933.

Not pumped.

135. C. D. Yohe. SW|NWi sec. 27, T. 1 S., R. 6 W, Depth of well 138 

feet. Measuring point, top of pit. Altitude of measuring point, 

204.92 feet. This la an abandoned well 95 feet south of well 

with pump. Depth to the water level reported to have been 28 feet 

in 1916.

Date

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Jan.

May

July

July

Sept.

Sept.

Apr.

May

30,1928

18

18

9

19,1929

15

9

31

12

18

26 ,1930

14

Time

10:30

1:10

12:15

12:10

9:30

9$15

5:30

9:50

1:30

5:15

a

P

P

P

a

a

P

a

P

P

Depth to

water level

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

(feet)

37.55

a 44.06

T> 37.30

~ 37.36

C 37.09

~ 36.90

b 38.66

T 38.51

I 39.00 "~ 38.80

37.80

37.72

Depth to

water level

Date

Aug.

Sept

Apr.

Aug.

Oct.

Sept

Oct.

Mar.

Aug.

Oct.

Feb.

Mar.

15,

.18

25,

29

22

. v,

20

12,

25

19

21,

13

1930

1931

1932

1934

1935

Time

11:40

1:30

12:50

2:45

9:40

5sOO

Noon

1:00

10:40

IsOO

2:50

1:00

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

(feet)

a 45.46 ~* 40.28

39.11

a 46.24

40.48

40.88

40.84

41.52

44.53

42.72

42.22

42.25

a Pump in nearby well running.

5 Pump in nearby well shut down.

c Depth to water in well with pump - 36.49

5 Depth to water in well with pump - 38.88

144. POwell. SE^NE^ sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 5 W. Measuring pdint, top 

of outer raised rim of pump base^ about 0.2 ft. above land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 219.96 feet.

Date

Oct,

Nov.

Nov.

Apr.

July

July

Apr.

Sept

Oct.

Apr.

Aug.

31,1928

1

1

15,1929

9

31

18 1930

.18

22

18,1931

28

Time

2:25

9:20

4:10

.". . .

3:30

Noon

2:30

3:66

1:40

3:20

P

a

P

P

P

P

P

P

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

87.30

a 87.10

a 88.43

" 81.77

b 92.43

"~ 82.98

d .....

" 94.86

87.16

99.51

Date

Oct.

Feb.

Apr.

Oct.

Feb.

Feb.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Nov.

Feb.

22,

22>

19

20

23,

23,

25

18

5

28

21,

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

Time

4:45

3:45

10:15

1:00

11:45

11:00

2:30

4:45

11 1 00

1:30

4jl5

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

91.32

88.08

87.05

94.70

89.45

89.21

e 102.00 ~* 95.00

93.95

92.58

90.46

Measurements mad© during pumping test of well 145, 250 feet east, 

b" Pump running in well 250 feet east, c Tape line stuck in well. 

<I Pump running, e^ Pump had been shut cTown only a few minutes before 

~ measurement was made.
12 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

159. Henry Bull. N^SE-|- sec. 29, T. 1 S., R. 5 ¥., £ mile west Of road. 

Depth of well 656 feet; depth of pit 96 feetj diameter of screen 

8 inches. Measuring point, top of pump base at small hole on 

south side, 0.2 foot above land surface. Altitude of measuring 

point, 224.85 feet.

Date

Sept

Sept

Nov.

Jan.

May

Sept

Apr.

Apr.

Sept

Oct.

Apr.

.18,1928

.24

9

15,1929

13

.18

26,1930

28

.18

22

18,1931

Time

£6:00

11:35

9:00

10:50

9:10

12:30

5:30

1:00

12:20

12:15

a

a

a

a

a

P

P

P

P

P

w

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

ater level

(feet)

70.20

61.05

58.21

56.92

59.72

64.25

55.70

ft 55.60 "" 68.70

64.92

57.74

Depth to

Date

Apr.

May

May

Oct.

Apr.

Oct.

Feb.

Feb.

Oct.

Nov.

25,1931

1

14

22

19,1932

20

23,1933

23,1934

18

10

Time

1:40

4:05

8:30

11:20

10:20

1:25

Noon

11:30

3:45

2slO

water level

(feet)

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

57

57

57

61

56

62

58

58

63

61

.45

.39

.34

.59

.83

.10

.09

.90

.03

.80

_a Special measurements of this well made Apr. 28-30. 

173. J. D. Mlnnis. NE-^NWi sec. 13, T. IS., R. 4 W. Depth of well 161 

feet; depth of pit 105 feet; diameter of screen 11-5/8 inches. 

Measuring point, bottom of hole cut below- top edge of pit on north 

side. Altitude of measuring point, 214.06 feet.

Date

Nov.

Jan.

May

May

Sept.

Sept.

Apr.

Aug.

Sept.

Apr.

Sept.

13,1928

9,1929

7

17

6

21

23,1930

30

29

22,1931

29

Time

9:05

3:30

1:45

5:40

12:30

10:20

2:00

11:20

10:40

a

P

P

P

P

a

P

a

a

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

63.53

63.34

62.65

" a 62.85 &

65768

64.32

C 70.28

~ 67.17

66.38

68.16

Depth to

water level

Date

Sept

Mar.

Mar.

Sept

flff- VJlx If 

Nov.

Dec.

Dec.

Mar.

Mar.

.29,1932

4,1933

15,1934

.12

2

12

4

22

6,1936

15

Time

11:30

4:00

4jlO

3:15

Noon

.3:20

4:50

2:40

1:20

4:45

a

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

(feet)

67.52

67.82

68.31

68.77

68.78

68.78

68.98

68.80

68.47

68.40

a Pump out for repairs.

17 Pump running.

3 Pump shut down at noon Aug. 29.

205. D. F. Fowler. Near northwest corner sec. 4, T. 2 S., R. 5 W.

Depth of well 150 feet; depth of pit 110 feet; diameter of screen 

11-5/8 inches. Measuring point, top of pit, level with land surface. This Is an abandoned well, about 75 feet south of well 

with pump. Altitude Of measuring point, 220.82 feet.

Date

Sept. 23, 1927 

Apr. 18,1928 

July 28 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 4

Time

iiUo

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

83.40 

79.84 

a.m. a 88.10 

15 91,06 

T> 92.33

Date

Aug. 18,1928 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 23 

Nov. 9

Depth to 

water level 

Time (feet)

9:55 a.m. b 92.70 

10:15 a.m. a 84.61 

9:30 a.m. a 84.54 

8:40 a.m. ~" 83.75 

Ilj05 a.m. 83.43
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

205. D. P. Fowler Continued.

13

Depth to 

water level 

Date Time (feet)

Jan. 15,1929 8:15 a.m. 82.48 

Apr. 15 11:30 a.m. 81.38 

May 10 5:45 p.m. 81.62 

May 31 4:00 p.m. c 84.55 

June 3 11:10 a.m. 71 81.39 

July 9 8:30 a.m. e" 89.86 

July 30 4:30 p.m. 7 93.40 

Aug. 28 9:30 a.m. 7 94.66 

Sept. 14 3:00 p.m. "a 88.85 

Sept. 17 8:50 a.m. ~" 88.44 

Feb. 21,1930 5:30 p.m. 84.64 

Apr. 15 5:00 p.m. 83.96 

Apr. 18 1:40 p.m. 84.31 

Aug. 27 .... £ 91.11

Depth to 

water level 

Date Time (feet)

Sept .17,1930 10:30 a.m. h 88.39 

Sept. 23 3:00 p.m. 88.29 

Jan. 20,1931 10:00 a.m. h 90.38 

Feb. 28 2:20 p.m. ~~ 87.38 

Apr. 13 9:15 a.m. 87.31 

Apr. 18 11:45 a.m. 87.35 

Feb. 22,1932 4:30 p.m. 86.53 

Apr. 19 10:45 a.m. 86.79 

Feb. 23,1933 1:00 p.m. i 88.00 

Feb. 22,1934 2:45 p.m. "" 89.00 

Sept. 22 10:45 a.m. 93.36 

Oct. 18 3;00 p.m., 91.20 

Nov. 5 11:40 a.m. 92.12 

Dec. 8 2:00 p.m. 91.43

a Pump in nearby well not running. 

T> Pump in nearby well running, 

c This measurement may not be correct, 

cl Depth to water in nearby well with pump 81.20 feet, 

e Pump in nearby well shut down July 6, 7:00 p.m.; started again July 9, 

6:30 a.m. 

f_ Pumps running in wells 75 feet north and several hundred feet north. 

£ Temporary pump installed. Measurement is to oil in pit. Water level 

in pit may be lower, 

h Tape line lodged on pump. 

T Tape may have hit obstruction.

261. W. M. Trice. SVI^SEi sec. 9, T. 2 S., R. 3 W. Depth of well 158 

feet. Measuring point, top of pit, 0.4 foot above pump base 

and 0.8 foot above land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 

209.7 feet.

Date

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

May

May

July

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Apr.

Aug.

7,1928

23

.20

18

11,1929

21

18

8

25

5

2

. 2

.21

15,1930

15

Time

 *

3»50

2:00

3:40

6:15

3:00

11:20

11:20

4:35

5:15

10:05

4tOO

2:20

....

P

P

P

P

P

a

a

P

P

a

P

P

.H.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

60.43

a 60.02

~ 61.25

60.55

60.02

59.35

58.60

58.38

57.90

b 57.80

58.13

59.12

59.66

59.19

61.05

Date

Sept.

Sept.

Apr.

Sept.

Sept.

Feb.

Apr.

Sept.

Mar.

Mar.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

2,

29

13,

5

29

26,

19

28

s,

15,

7

1

5

22,

15

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

Time

10:15

4:20

2:45

3:30

5:10

1:40

11:46

4130

3:30

3:00

10:40

4:00

9:00

10:15

2s30

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

61.85

61.70

61.03

62.50

62.75

61.82

61.36

C 63.95

~ 63.19

63.76

c 64.26 "~ 64.84

65.35

64.06

63.88

a Pump shut down Aug. 20.

]s This well not pumped season of 1930.

£ Hot pumped.

280. Fred Hedriek. NW^IW^ sec. 3, T. 3 S.* R. 5 W. Measuring point* 

top of pit, level with Hand surface. Altitude of measuring

77056 O 36 2
14 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

280. Fred Hedrick Continued.

point, 216.0 feet. .This is an abandoned well. It has been 

equipped with an automatic water-stage recorder continuously 

since Aug. 11,1928. The depth to water has been measured 

once a week for most of the time, and about once in 2 weeks 

otherwise. The following measurements after Aug. 11 are 

those made during the early part of each month. This well 

is affected by well 281, about 500 feet southeast, the water 

level in well 280 dropping about 3 feet when the pump in 

well 281 is started. Lowest level reached each year was as 

follows: 1931, 91.08 feet Aug. 13; 1932, 91.26 feet Aug. 19j 

1933, 91.00 feet Aug. 28; 1934, 92.15 feet Aug. 11; 1935, 

92.46 feet Aug. 30.

Date

July 20,1928

July 27

July 28

Aug. 1

Aug. 4

Aug. 11

Sept. 1

Oct. 2

Nov. 2

Dec. 18

Jan. 12,1929

Feb. 2

Mar. 2

Apr. 6

.May 20

June 9

July 3

Aug. 2

Sept. 2

Oct. 3

Nov. 14

Dec. 12

Jan. 14,1930

Feb. 1

Mar. 1

Apr. 11

May 15

June 9

July 7

Aug. 2

Sept. 6

Oct. 4

Nov. 1

Dec. 6

Jan. 3,1931

Feb. 7

Mar. 7

Apr. 4

May 2

June 6

July 4

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 3

Oct. 31

Dec. 5

Jan. 2,1932

Time

1:40 p.m.

1:35 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

5:40 p.m.

9:55 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

1:40 p.m.

1:30 p.m.

4:05 p.m.

Noon

1:10 p.m.

10:30 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

3:25 p.m.

3:50 p.m.

11:25 a.m.

5:00 p.m.

10:00 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

3:20 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

3:35 p.m.

1:40 p.m.

7:30 a.m.

8:55 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

3:40 p.m.

1:55 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

9:50 a.m.

3:50 p.m.

10:10 a.m.

11:50 a.m.

3:40 p.m.

1:40 p.m.

3:45 p.m.

....

1:30 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

4:55 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

87.03

a 85.20

t 88.00

~ 87.00

87.33

c 88.13

~ 82.88

81.13

80.49

80.08

79.80

80.00

79.45

79.23

79.05

81.06

87.31

90.00

87.04

83.91

82.57

82.19

81.42

81.59

81.31

81.30

80.78

87.80

90.85

91.70

90.42

85.85

85.29

84.24

83.73

83.43

82.83

83.28

82.85

88.91

87.9

89.80

86.76

85.46

85.20

84.60

84.20

Date

Jan. 30,1932

Mar. 5

Apr. 2

Apr. 30

June 4

July 2

July 30

Sept . 3

Oct. 2

Oct. 30

Dec. 3

Dec. 31

Jan. 28,1933

Mar. 4

Apr. 1

Apr. 29

June 3

July 1

Aug. 5

Sept. 2

Oct. 1

Nov. 4

Dec. 4

Dec. 30

Feb. 3,1934

Mar. 3

Mar. 31

May 5

June 2

July 3

July 28

Sept. 1

Sept. 30

Nov. 3

Dec. 1

Jan. 2,1935

Feb. 2

Mar. 2

Mar. 30

May 4

June 1

June 29

Aug. 3

Aug. 31

Sept. 28

Nov. 3

Nov. 30

Dec. 29

Time

4:50 p.m.

3:50 p.m.

10:00 a.m.

3:35 p.m.

10:25 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

10:15 a.m.

2:08 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

7:30 a.m.

4:10 p.m.

1:55 p.m.

4:05 p.m.

2:55 p.m.

1:05 p.m.

3:50 p.m.

1:55 p.m.

10:38 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

Noon

4:47 p.m.

4:15 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

11:15 a.'m.

11:25 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

11:25 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

5:55 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

5:05 p.m.

10:10 a.m.

5:25 p.m.

4:30 p.m.

5:50 p.m.

2:45 p.m.

11:05 a.m.

1:20 p.m.

1:15 p.m.

11:30 a.m.

Noon

5:40 p.m.

2:45 p.m.

5:00 p.m.

10:10 a.m.

5:25 p.m.

....

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

84.30

83.40

83.75

83.20

88.75

88.75

90.55

87.50

85.81

85.40

84.88

85.01

84.69

84.61

84.10

83.91

84.32

88.80

87.25

87.80

86.65

85.60

85.18

85.50

85.02

84.36

84.60

84.22

88.33

89.89

88.79

88.32

87.74

86.17

86.25

86.26

86.16

85.88

85.54

85.70

85.74

90.45

91.63

91.76

88.11

87.46

87.16

86.61

a Pump in well 281 not running.

TJ Pump in well 281 running,

c Recorder installed.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

318. University of Arkansas, Rice Branch. Experiment Station. 

SEiSEi sec. 3, T. 3 S., R. 4 W. Depth of well 127 feet; 

depth of pit 105 feet} diameter of screen 18 inches. 

Measuring point, top of pump base. Altitude of measuring point, 203.49 feet.

15

Date

Apr.

Sept

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

May

Sept

Apr.

Sept

Apr.

17,1928

.22

31

19,1929

22

9

.23

18 .1930

.22

17,1931

Time

9:10

11:45

2:10

1:15

4:30

8:20

7:30

9:35

10:45

a

a

P

P

P

a

a

a

a

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

75.25

a 79.42 "~ 76;80

76.62

75.56

76.61

81.03

78.22

to 83.36

80.06

Date

Sept

Sept

Feb.

Apr.

Sept

Mar.

Sept

Sept

Mar.

. 4,1931

.22

25,1932

20

.22

2,1934

. 8

.21

7,1935

Time

4:40

9:00

2:50

8:00

1:00

12:40

9:40

8:20

12:30

P

a

P

a

P

P

a

a

P

.m.

 m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

83.25

83.06

80.77

80.27

83.84

81.82

86.88

85.60

83.40

a Measurement uncertain.

5 Pump was operated this day.

392. Fred E. Hillman. SWi-sec. 1, T. 4 S., R. 4 W. Depth of well 

143 feet, depth, of pit 100 feet, diameter of screen 10 inches. 

Measuring point, top of pump base, 0.2 foot above top of pit. 

Altitude of measuring point, 201.12 feet.

Date

Sept.

Apr.

July

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Apr.

May

Sept.

Sept.

Apr.

Sept.

22,1927

17,1928

30

22

2

31

17,1929

10

7

23

17

22

Time

....

....

10:25

4:25

1:15

12:05

Noon

10:30

9:15

6:30

10:40

a

P

P

P

a

a

P

a

Depth to

water level

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

. m.

.m.

(feet)

74.92

73.68

a 75.85

75.60

75.37

74.80

74.70

74.72

77.04

76.55

76.12

80.50

Date

Apr.

Sept.

Sept.

Feb.

Apr.

Sept.

Sept.

Mar.

Mar.

Sept.

Sept.

Mar.

17,

4

23

25,

20

9

23

2,

6,

8

21

1,

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

Time

9:15

3:25

2:45

2:10

8:40

5:20

6:00

3:45

4:20

1:15

9:15

4:00

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

Depth, to

water level

(feet)

78.09

79.55

79.75

78.84

78.58

b 81.27

~ 79.74

79.54

79.78

80.69

80.78

80.11

a Well in use this year. 

b_ Not pumped in 1932.

456, E. W. McCuskey. Near northwest corner sec. 16, T. 5 S., R. 3 W. 

Depth of well 201 feet. Measuring point, top of raised rim of 

pump base, 0.5 foot above land surface. Altitude of measuring 

point, 198.04 feet.

Date

Sept.

Apr.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Feb.

22,1927

18.1928

20

13

22

14

20,1929

Time

....

....

5:05

4:00

12:50

3:25

8t05

P

P

P

.m

.m

.m

p.m

a m

Depth to

water level

(feet)

a 79.60

a" 76.28

. "~ 77.46

77.98

. 78.21

77.55

76.75

Date

Mar.

May

July

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Mar.

9,1929

4

10

13

. 3

.23

20,1930

Time

7:10

6:50

....

10:00

10:20

10:55

5:45

a

P

a

a

a

P

.m

.m

.m

.m

.m

.m

Depth to

water level

(feet)

76.84

76.08

(b)

78.55

. c 78.91

. ~ 78.64

76.90
16 WATER- LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

456. E. W. McCuskey Continued.

Depth to

water level

Date Time (feet)

Apr. 17,1930 7:30 a.m. 76.82

May 15 .... (b)

Aug. 11 3il5 p.m. d 81.57

Sept. 22 1:20 p.m. 81.12

Apr. 16,1931 4i45 p.m. 78.75

May 15 6:00 p.m. 78.59

Sept. 3 1:00 p.m. e 82.91

Sept. 22 11:25 a.m. 82.90

Feb. 23,1932 5:00 p.m. 80.12

Date Time

Apr. 21,1932 7:30 a.m.

Sept. 8 6:00 p.m.

Sept. 22 3:00 p.m.

Feb. 24,1933 Noon

Sept. 11, 1934 8:00 a.m.

Sept. 22 8:00 a.m.

Dec. 8 9:00 a.m.

Feb. 23,1935 10:15 a.m.

a Reference point uncertain.

F Pump punning.

c Pump shut down Aug. 29.

c£ Pump shut down Aug. 7.

e Pump had been shut down for 5 hours.

IF Measurement uncertain.

£ Had been pumped.

499. Quandt & Lowe. Spanish grant 2300, equivalent to sec.

T. 7 S., R. 3W. Measuring point, top of pump base.

of measuring point about 180 feet (estimated).

Depth to

water level

Date Time (feet)

Sept. 22,1927 .... a 37.67

Apr. 18,1928 .... "~ 34.37

July 31 .... 32.52

Aug. 30 .... 35.52

Sept. 13 12:50 p.m. 35.85

Sept. 22 3:00 p.m. 36.21

Nov. 10 3:25 p.m. 37.51

Dec. 9 2:20 p.m. 36.90

Apr. 16,1929 2:25 p.m. 30.09

May 11 4:00 p.m. 28.76

May 29 4:20 p.m. 26.30

July 10 3:00 p.m. b 33.69

Sept. 3 ..... £ ....

Sept. 9 *.**. £....

Sept. 23 1:15 p.m. 38.50

Apr. 17,1930 10:00 a.m. 34.38

Date Time

Apr. 25,1930 8:15 a.m.

Sept. 22 5:30 p.m.

Apr. 16,1931 2:00 p.m.

Apr. 28 3:00 p.m.

May 16 11:00 a.m.

Sept. 4 11:20 a.m.

Sept. 22 3:10 p.m.

Feb. 24,1932 11:15 a.m.

Apr. 21 11:20 a.m.

Sept. 22 9:20 a.m.

Mar. 1,1933 2:30 p.m.

Mar. 7,1934 3:10 p.m.

Sept. 11 11:00 a.m.

Sept. 24 5:30 p.m.

Feb. 28,1935 5:00 p.m.

a Pump not operated in season of 1927.

F Pump operated June 17 to July 6.

c Pump running.

5 Shut down Sept. 19.

£ Not pumped.

Depth to

water level

(feet)

79.53

85.30

f 87.95 *~ 80.52

K 83.58

83.21

81.84

81.44

27 or 34,

Altitude

Depth to

water level

(feet)

34.75

41.30

38.96

38.85

38.50

41.81

41.98

35.66

35.98

d 41.75

~ 39.19

38.06

e 41.79

e 41.75 ~" 39.75

501. W. J. Bohnert. SW£(?) sec. 32. T. 7 S.. R. 3 W. Depth of well 

162 feet. Measuring point until April 21, 1932, top of pit. 

Altitude of measuring point, 177.02 feet. After April 21, 

altitude of measuring point 177.27. This well was equipped with 

an automatic water-stage recorder from Aug. 21, 1928 to Oct. 3, 

1930. The following measurements up to Oct. *, 1930 were made 

when the charts were changed.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

501, W. J. Bohnert. Continued.

17

Date

Aug.

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Sept

Oct.

Oct.

NOT.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

-Apr.

May

May

July

Aug.

Aug.

Sept

Sept

21.1928

30

.13

.19

.22

20

29

10

9

27,1929

4

16

11

29

10

8

13

. 9

.23

Time

5:40

12:45

11:35

3:45

3:35

3:45

4:35

3:55

1:15

9:55

2:45

1:40

4:50

&:05

1:10

1:00

8:50

3:40

1:35

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

28.21

28.00

28.20

28.10

28.16

28.23

28.30

28.32

28.24

27.98

27.48

27.28

26.88

26.54

26.00

25.90

25.92

26.19

26.32

Date

Nov.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

June

Aug.

Aug.

Oct.

Apr.

May

Sept

Sept

Feb.

Apr.

Sept

Sept

Mar.

Sept

Feb.

18,

25,

20

25

9

1

28

3

16,

16

. 4

.22

24,

21

. 9

.23

1,

.24,

28,

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

Time

12:30

1:40

2:25

9:00

2:10

4:40

12:35

11:00

2:50

11:30

Noon

3:45

Noon

11:40

9:30

11:00

1:20

5:00

5:55

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

26

27

26

26

25

26

27

~ a 2728

b ~ 2829

30

29

28

32

31

30

~ c 3131

.72

.10

.22

.17

.97

.65

.13

.60

.53

.60

.50

.64

.44

.88

.17

.36

.49

.40

.05

a^ Recorder removed this day.

b_ Pump in well 1 mile southeast running since May 14.

_c_ Not pumped.

507. J. M. Satchfield. Near southwest corner sec. 16, T. 7 S., R.. 2 W. 

Depth of well 147 feet. Measuring point, top of pit level with 

land surface. Altitude of measuring point, 179.90 feet. This is 

an abandoned well. It was equipped with an automatic water-stage 

recorder from Oct. 30, 1928, to Aug. 28, 1930. The following 

measurements during that period were made when the charts were 

changed.

Date

Oct.

NOT.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

May

July

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

30,1928

10

17

9

27,1929

6

16

11

29

10

8

. 9

.23

1

18

24.1930

20

25

Time

11:15

12:20

6:50

3:15

11:20

2:35

4:15

11:40

11:25

10; 20

8:45

12:00

3:30

1:30

11:10

3:15

lls 30

11:15

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

a

P

P

P

a

P

P

a

a

a

a

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

noon

P

P

a

P

a

a

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

39

37

37

36

35

32

20

20

17

44

53

49

41

40

39

33

30

34

.56

.68

.66

.96

.98

.30

.18

.14

.26

.44

.72

.73

.42

.89

.67

.00

.52

.02

Date

May

June

Aug.

Aug.

Sept

Apr.

May

Sept

Sept

Apr.

Sept

Sept

Feb.

Mar.

Sept

Sept

Jan.

Feb.

15,1930

9

1

28

.23

16,1931

16

. 3

.23

21

. 9

.23

24,1933

7,1934

.11

.21

4,1935

28

Time

4:15

11:20

2:20

4:50

8:30

10:10

9:15

4:10

10:25

9:00

Noon

12:50

3:30

11:00

3:10

11:10

11:00

1:45

P.m

a.m

p.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

p.m

a.m

p.m

a.m

a.m

p.m

Depth to 

water level 

(feet)

34.37

45.72

. (a)

. (b;

48771

42.57

41.30

52.00

43.85

30.59

47.84

44.75

37.37

38.80

. c 46.13

. ~ 45.10

41.95

42.40

a Float of recorder appeared to be resting on mud bottom at 60 feet,

b Well dry, bottom at 58 feet. Recorder removed.

c_ Not pumped.
CALIFORNIA

GENERAL SUMMARY

By P. C. Ebert

Early work and later developments

Probably the earliest published reports containing data on depths 

to water levels In wells In California are found In publications of the 

State Mining Bureau In chapters relating to deep borings In California, 

as follows. Generally only one observation on each well Is recorded.

California State Mln. Bur. 7th Ann. Kept., for the year ending 

Oct. 1, 1887, 315 pp., 1888.

California State Mln. Bur. 8th Ann. Rept., for the year ending 

Oct. 1, 1888, 948 pp., pis., 1888.

California State Mln. Bur. 10th Ann. Rept., for the year ending 

Dec. 1, 1890, 983 pp., pis., 1890.

Physical data and statistics of California, State Eng. Dept., 1886.

California State Mln. Bur. llth Rept. (first biennial), 2 years 

ending Sept. 15, 1892, 612 pp., 1893.

California State Mln. Bur. 12th Rept. (second biennial), 2 years 

ending Sept. 15, 1894, 541 pp., 1894.

Watts, W. L., The gas and petroleum yielding formations of the 

Central Valley of California: California State Min. Bur. Bull. 3, 

99 pp., pis., maps, 1894.

Watts, W. L., Oil and gas yielding formations of Los Angeles, 

Ventura, and Santa Barbara Counties, pt. 1: California State*Min. 

Bur. Bull. 11, 94 pp., pis., map, 1897.

The following reports of the U. S. Geological Survey, issued somewhat later, contain similar data:

Darton, H. H., Preliminary list of deep borings in the United 

States, pt. 1, Alabama-Montana: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-supply Paper 

57, pp. 12-16, 1902.

Darton, N. H., Preliminary list of deep borings in the United 

States (2d ed., with additions): U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

149, pp. 14-18, 1905.

Puller, M. L., Lines, E. P., and Veatch. A. C., Record of deepwell drilling for 1904; U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 264, -p. 43, 1905.

Puller, M. L., and Sanford, Samuel, Record of deep-well drilling 

for 1905t U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 298, pp. 39-43, 1906.

Shortly before the turn of the century intensive use of ground 

waters began, first in southern California, and then in other parts 

of the State, until now there is scarcely an irrigation company that 

does not augment its gravity supply with pumped ground water. Many

municipalities and irrigation companies are partly or wholly dependent 

18
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 19

on pumped water, and thousands of Individually owned pumping plants for 

domestic and irrigation supply are in use. Because of this intensive use 

the welfare of many localities is dependent upon an unfailing supply of 

ground water. It is very important, therefore, that replenishment of 

this resource should be sure. This may be accomplished naturally through 

absorption from stream channels and rainfall penetration, or by the 

bringing in of outside surface water and thus lessening the ground-water 

demand, or by increasing absorption by spreading storm water or surplus 

surface water on porous terrane, thus saving for beneficial use much of 

this water that normally would waste Into the ocean. The relation of 

draft and replenishment Is indicated by a long-time record of watertable fluctuation, and therefore it is essential that measurements of 

fluctuation be made. In this State measurements have been made at many 

localities and are being made In increasing numbers. References to 

publications or sources where records collected in various areas can be 

found are given below.

Coastal region of southern California

About 1900 the Geological Survey began its studies of underground 

waters in southern California. The hydrology of the San Bernardino area 

is treated in Water-Supply Papers 60, 61, and 142; the eastern coastalplain region in Water-Supply Paper 137; the central coastal plain in 

Water-Supply Paper 138j the western coastal plain in Water-Supply Paper 

139, and the foothill belt in Water-Supply Paper 219. A large number 

of measurements of the depths to water levels were made and the records 

were compiled in these reports. Aa a continuing program typical observation wells were selected in the several areas for measurements of 

water-level fluctuations.

In 1902, in anticipation of a future ground-water paper on the 

San Jacinto area, regular observations at selected typical wells were 

begun there. Measurements of the depths to water levels were made at 

the regular observation wells, and the records were published as chapters in Water-Supply Papers 213 and 251.

The report of the Conservation Commission of California for 1912 

contains measurements of depths to water levels in the San Bernardino 

Basin.

In 1919 records of the depths to water levels in the San Jacinto 

and Temecula Basins were published in Water-Supply Paper 429.
20 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

In 1921 all measurements made at regular United States Geological 

Survey observation wells were published in Water-Supply Paper 468,

In 1912 several wells in San Diego County were selected for regular 

observations on variation in water level. The observations were published 

in Water-Supply Paper 446, 1919. Additional -wells were selected after the 

publication of this paper, and these, with the original wells, were measured as a series for continuing observations.

The California Department of Public Works, Division of Water Rights, 

published in 1922 a report on the San Jacinto hydrographic investigation, 

containing hydrographs of water-level movements at many wells in the San 

Jacinto area.

In 1927 the State Division of Water Rights, in Bulletin 5, published 

observations of depths to water levels at a large number of wells in San 

Gabriel Valley, with measurements made at regular Geological Survey wells 

in the area. In State Division of Water Rights Bulletin 6, 1928, the additional observations made at irells treated in Bulletin 5 were published.

More and more individuals and organizations are taking an active 

interest in underground-water problems and making measurements of depths

to water levels in wells. In the Santa Ana, San Gabriel, and Los Angeles

i 

River drainage basins the following organizations, in addition to the

Geological Survey, are now making measurements: Los Angeles County Flood 

Control District, Orange County Flood Control District, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, San Gabriel Valley Protective Association, 

Chino Basin Protective Association, Pomona Valley Protective Association, 

Cucamonga Conservation Association, Water Conservation Association, Lytle 

Creek Water Users Association, Riverside Basis Water Users Council, Riverside County Land Owners Association, Riverside Cement Co., San Bemardino 

Valley Conservancy District, and practically all the cities «" »«* water 

companies within the area. Measurements are also being made by individual 

well owners.

Acting as a clearing house for data collected by these different 

agencies, the State Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources, in Bulletin 39, published the complete record of water-level 

fluctuations in hundreds of wells in the south coastal basins through 

1931. Except the measurements in wells in San Gabriel Valley and published in this Division's Bulletins 5 and 6, the records were brought up 

to date. State Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources, 

Bulletins 39a, 39t>, and 39c carry the observations on through 1932 to 

1934.
WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936 21

Bulletin 46A of the California Department of Public Works, Division 

of Water Resources, contains measurements of fluctuations of the water 

levels in Ventura County from 1927 to 1952. Observations at typical -veils 

in this area are being continued by the Yentura County Water Survey engineer.

A paper entitled "An interpretation of water-level fluctuations at 

four wells in southern California11 was presented by the writer on May 1, 

1936, at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington, D. C., and is to be published in the Transactions of the Union for 

1936. This paper gives the fluctuations of the water levels in the Williams well, in the upper part of the Santa Ana River drainage basin, since 

1892 j in the J. B. Neff well, in the lower part of the Santa Ana River 

drainage basin, since 1898; in the Baldwin Park well, in the San Gabriel 

River drainage basin, since 1904; and in well 72, in the San Jacinto Valley, since 1904.

Southeastern California

Records of depths to water levels in wells in the desert region of 

southern California have been published in the following reportss

Mendenhall, W. C., Some desert watering places in southeastern 

California and southwestern Nevada: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 224, 1909.

Mendenhall, W. C., Ground waters of the Indlo region, Calif.: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 225, 1909.

Johnson, H. R., Water resources of Antelope Valley, Calif.: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Waters-Supply Paper 278, 1911.

Lee, C. H., An intensive study of the water resources of a part 

of Owens Valley, Calif.t U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 294, 

1912.

Lee, C. H., Ground-water resources of Indian Wells Valley: 

California Cons. Coram. Kept., 1915, pp. 401-429.

Tait. C. E., Utilization of Hojave River for irrigation in Victor Valley: California Dept. Eng. Bull. 5, 1918.

Thompson, D. G., Ground water in Lanfair Valley, Calif.: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 450, pp. 29-50, 1920.

Waring, G. A., Ground water in Pahrump, Mesquite, and Ivanpah 

Valleys, Nevada and California: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 450, pp. 51-86, 1920.

Brown, J. S., The Salton Sea region, Calif.: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 497, 1923.

Thompson, D. G., The Mojave Desert region, Calif.: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 578, 1929.

Mojave River investigation: California Dept. Public Works Bull. 

47, 1934. Contains records of depths to water levels in wells in the 

vicinity of the Mojave River, not only the measurements made recently 

as a regular program but also previous measurements in these wells.
22 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936

Blaney, H. P., and Ewing, Paul, Utilization of the waters of Mojave 

Elver, Calif. (mimeographed), U. S. Dept. Agr., 1935.

The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power has made measurements 

In typical wells in Owens Valley since the publication of Waters-Supply 

Paper 294, and measurements In numerous wells in Coachella Valley are being made regularly by the Coachella Valley County Water District, These 

records for Owens and Coachella Valleys have not been published.

San Joaquin Valley

The following published reports deal with fluctuations of groundwater levels in the San Joaquin Valley or have chapters devoted to the 

subject:

Mendenhall, W. C., Preliminary report on the ground waters of San 

Joaquin Valley, Calif.i U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply^Paper 222, 1908.

Mendenhall, W. C., Dole, R. B., and Stabler, Herman, Ground water 

in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif.j U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

398, 1916.

Water resources of Kern River and adjacent streams and their utilization: California Dept. Bng. Bull. 9, 1920. Contains a chapter on 

ground waters of the area, also a map showing hydrographic contours.

Harding, S. T., Ground-water resources of the San Joaquin Valley: 

Dlv. Eng. and Irrigation and Water Rights, Bull. 11, 1927. Contains a 

map showing distance to ground water In October 1925, also a map showing 

the change in ground-water level between 1920 and 1925. About 500 wells 

in Kern, Tulare, and King Counties were measured.

San Joaquin River Basin: California Dept. Pub. Works, Dlv. Water 

Resources, Bull. 29-, 1931. Contains several maps showing the depths to 

th« water table and ground-water profiles for the fall of 1929.

San Joaquin Valley, in State-wide water problem of California, 

Visalla, Calif., 1929. Brief presented on behalf of San Joaquin Valley 

by the San Joaquin Water Commission; gives general review of water and 

crop situation, has chart showing relation of pumping draft to loss of 

ground water, and Delano-Earlimart section, 1915 26.

Stearns, H. T., Robinson, T. W., and Taylor, G. H., Geology and 

water'resources of the Mokelumn© area, Calif.: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 619, 1930.

Monett, 0. H., Report of Kern County Water Development Commission 

of the cost per acre-foot of pumped irrigation water in Kern County^ 

December 1933. Sponsored by Kern County Water Development Commission 

and Kern County Chamber of Commerce. Includes a map showing depths to 

the water table in 1924 and 1933.

Sacramento Valley

The following publications present data on water levels in wells 

In the Sacramento Valley:

Bryan, Kirk, Ground water for irrigation in Sacramento Valleyj 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 375, pp. 1 49, 1915.

Hyde, C. G., Wilhelm, G. H., and Miller, P. C., Possible sources 

of Water supply for city of Sacramento, California, 1916. Part 3 

deals with the ground-water situation in that vicinity.

Bryan, Kirk, Geology and ground-water resources of Sacramento, 

Calif.t U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 495, 1923.
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 23

Sacramento River Basin: California Dept. Pub. Works, Div. Water Resources. Bull. 26, 1931. Appendix G gives records of depths to water 

levels in typical wells in Sacramento Valley in the fall of 1929, 1930, 

and 1931.

Santa Clara Valley

The following publications contain information on water-level fluctuation in the Santa Clara Valley:

Freeman, J. R». The Hetch Hetchy water supply for San Francisco, 

p. 95, 1912. Contains a map of ground-water contours in the Nlles cone 

area.

Clark, W, 0., Ground-water resources of the Hiles cone and adjacent 

areas, California! H. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 345, pp. 127- 

168, 1915.

Clark, W. 0., Ground water for irrigation in the Morgan Hill area, 

Calif.i U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 61-105, 1917.

Clark, W. 0., Ground water in Santa Clara Valley, Calif.: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 519, 1924.

Tibbets, Andersen, Jones, and Hoehl, Report on waste-water salvage 

project to Board of Directors, Santa Clara Valley Water Conservation District, San Jose, Calif., 1931. Contains a map showing the drop in watei* 

levels from 1915 to 1930.

Santa Clara investigation: California Dept. Pub. Works, Div. Water 

Resources, Bull. 42, 1933. Appendix F deals with data on ground-water 

levels.

Salinaa Valley

Hamlin, Homer, Water resources of Salinaa Valley, Calif.: H. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-supply Paper 89, 1904. Contains tables showing depths 

to water levels in wells in the valley.

U. S. Geological Survey records of measurements of depths to water 

levels, by W. 0. Clark^ 1916* Released in unpublished form.

Conkling, Harold, Report of Salinas Baain preliminary investigation, 

California Dept. Pub. Works, Div. Water Resources, 1933. Gives some 

averages of depths to water levels over the area.

WORK DONE IN 1935

The Geological Survey during 1935 made at least two rounds of measurements of deaths to the water levels in its 13 observation wella in 

the San Bernardino Basin, 8 wells in the San Jacinto area, 34 wells in 

Qan Diego County, and 8 wells in Antelope Valley. One measurement was 

made in 1935 in each of 10 additional wells in Antelope Valley. Measurements were also made in 90 typical wells in the Hojave River Valley, 

The observation wells in the Los Angeles River,, lower Santa Ana River, 

and San Gabriel River drainage basins were not visited} these, with 

hundreds of others, were measured at frequent intervals by county 

flood control, conservation, and protective agencies, and others* The 

Geological Survey, howevery maintained a water~stage recorder in upper 

San Gabriel Valley on a well put down as an observation well. This well, 

42a, is a companion well for well 42, described in Water-Supply Paper 

468, page 47. It is in Baldwin Park, about 200 yards north of well 42.
24 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936

Fluctuations in water levels were observed simultaneously in these .two 

wells by use of water-stage recorders and found to be substantially the 

same.

In the south coastal basins during 1935 measurements of depths to 

water levels were made at about 1,800 wells by various agencies* About 

1,300 of these records will be published by the State of California 

Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources, in its annual 

progress report on the south coastal basin investigation. In Ventura 

County regular measurements at representative wells were made by the Ventura County Water Survey engineer. In Santa Barbara County the Water 

Department of the city of Santa Barbara made monthly observations of 

depths to water levels in representative wells in the Santa Ynez River 

basin. In San Joaquin Valley the State Division of Water Resources, continued measurements on observation wells. Numerous and frequent measurements were made by domestic and irrigation companies and others concerned 

with such data. In Santa Clara Valley measurements of water levels were 

continued by the State Division of Water Resources and the Santa Clara 

Valley Conservation District* In Sallnas Valley measurements were made 

by interested Individuals and water users, to be included in the State 

Division of Water Rights bulletin on the area, when sufficient funds are 

available for its publication. In Owens Valley the Los Angeles Department 

of Water and Power continued measurements on typical wells. The publications that will contain the water-level data for 1935 will in general be 

 widely distributed, and as far as known to the writer, all unpublished 

records are available to anyone Interested.

As far as known, 30 wells in the State are equipped with waterstage recorders. A large percentage of the bench marks at wells that are 

being measured have been tied into the United States Geological Survey 

mean sea level datum by instrumental leveling.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 25

MOKELUMNE AREA 

By Arthur M. Piper

In the Mokelumne area, central California, measurements of groundwater level have been made in recent years by at least eight agencies in 

about 1 800 observation wells. These wells span an intensively cultivated 

area'which is irrigated largely by pumping from wells, purapage having 

ranged recently, according to careful computations, from 79,400 acre-feet 

in 1926-27 to 114,600 acre-feet in 1928-29. However, outlying wells lie 

beyond the area of heavy pumpage.

The agencies that have measured ground-water levels and the periods 

of their activity are (l) the United States Geological Survey, in 1906-7, 

1913-14, and 1926-33; (2) C. H. Widdows, acting for a group of landowners 

in the central part of the area, in October 1925} (3) Cyril Williams, for 

the East Bay Municipal Utility District, from October to December 1926; 

(4) the Division of Water Resources, California Department of Public 

Works, in March and April, 1926; (5) the City of Stockton, in September 

1926; (6) the City of Lodi, from January 1930 to May 1933; (7) the East 

Bay Municipal Utility District, beginning in May 1930; and (8) the Pacific 

Gas & Electric Co., beginning in May 1930. Prom 1926 to 1930 measurements 

were made monthly or quarterly in some 450 wells, largely by the United 

States Geological Survey. Prom 1950 to 1933, however, many new observation wells were established by the several agencies, and measurements were

made daily or weekly in about 450 wells by one agency or another. The

1 

record for practically all these wells has been released to the public.

1 Stearns, H. T., Robinson, T. W., and Taylor, G. H., Geology and 

water resources of the Mokelumne area, California: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 619, pp. 139-142, 292-398, 1930.

Table of well measurements, Mokelumne area, California (in the period 

July 1, 1929, to June 50, 1931)t U. S. Geol. Survey typescript report, 

246 pp., Oct. 23, 1930, to Oct. 15, 1931.

Measurements of depth to water in observation wells of the Mokelumne 

area, California (in the period July 1, 1931, to July 4, 1935)i U. S. 

Geol. Survey typescript reports dated Dec. 24, 1931; Mar. 21, 1932; Apr. 

30, 1932; July 29, 1932; Oct. 22, 1932; Feb. 1, 1933; Apr. 20, 1933; 

July 15, 1933.

Corrections to tables of measurements of depth to water in observation wells of the Mokelumne area, California, in the period prior to 

Peb» 1, 1933: U. S. Geol. Survey typescript report, 12 pp., Mar. 18, 1933.

Well measurements in the vicinity of Lodi Tin the period January 15, 

1930, to Sept. 5, 1952); record of San Joaquin County Court, plaintiff's 

exhibit 6, 652 pages, September, 1932.

Depth to water and altitude of water surface in observation wells in 

T. 3 N., R. 7 E., Mokelumne area, California: U. S. Geol. Survey typoscript report, 288 pp., June 15, 1934.

Depth to water and altitude of water surface in observation wells in 

T. 5 N., R. 6 E., Mokelumne area y California: U. S. Geol. Survey typoscript report, 224 pp., Peb. 15t 1935.

Depth to water and altitude of water surface in observation wells in 

T. 4 N., R. 6 E., Mokelumne area, Californiat U. S. Geol. Survey typoscript report, 390 pp., June 10, 1936.
26 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Between 1926 and 1933 water-level measurements were made periodically 

over the greater part of one year or longer in 1,394 wells, all of which 

have been referred to sea-level datum through spirit leveling by the East 

Bay Municipal Utility District, the City of Lodi, or the Geological Survey. Water-stage recorders have been maintained by the Geological Survey

2 

on 37 wells for terms ranging from 3 months to 6 years.

The observation wells just cited vary rather widely in depth and in 

submergence (the distance that the well extends below the ground-water 

level); their water levels represent several distinct water-bearing zones. 

In about 30 percent of the wells, comprising chiefly the relatively deep

wells, the water level commonly stands somewhat above or below the water

3 

table.

Measurements of ground-water levels in the Mokelumne area were discontinued by the Geological Survey in July 1933 but have been made continuously since that time by the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and the East 

Bay Municipal Utility District. In 1935 the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 

made measurements about thrice a month in 218 wells, most of which had 

been observation wells of the Geological Survey. The East Bay Municipal 

Utility District determined water levels in 134 wells and borings as 

follows: Weekly or twice monthly, 13 wellsj monthly, 48 wellsj every 2 

months, 23 wells} at longer intervals or discontinued during 1935, 48 

wells. In most of these 134 wells water levels have not been measured 

by any other agency. Altogether, the two agencies made about 6,000

measurements of ground-water levels in the Mokelumne area during the year.

4 

Fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Mokelumne area, so far as

they have been discriminated, are ascribed to (1) moving or changing load 

on the land surface (for example, passage of railroad trains or trucks)} 

(2) seismic disturbances or earthquakes; (3) variation of barometric 

pressure} (4) ground water draft by vegetation} (5) infiltration of rain 

and certain indirect effects of rainfall; (6) infiltration of water applied to the land for irrigation} (7) variation in the discharge of 

streams} and (8) pumping from wells. Of these, the first three are extraneous forces^ which cause the ground-water level to fluctuate momentarily or through periods of a few hours or days. Each of the other five.

Depth to water and altitude of water surface in observation wells in 

T. 4 N., R. 8 E., Mokelumne area, Californiai U. S. Qeol, Survey typoscript report, 184 pp., June 22, 1935.

2 Piper, A. M., Thomas, H. E., and Robinson, T. W., Ground-water 

hydrology of the Mokelumne area, Californiaj U. 3. Geol. Survey typoscript report, pp. 37-40, Oct. 30, 1955.

3 Idem, pp. 45-50.

4 Idem, pp. 52-171.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 27

on the other hand, may cause cyclic fluctuations whose periods range from 

hours to years tout at the same time may tend to depress or to raise the 

ground-water level steadily over a relatively long term. Evaporation appears not to affect the ground water level over most of the Mokelumne area, 

although commonly it causes relatively large fluctuations in other areas 

where the water table is shallow. Fluctuations whose cycles cover a term 

of years are common; usually they are the net result of several forces 

whose individual effects cannot be discriminated.

Records by the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. in 1935 for 24 typical wells 

follow. These have been selected from the 69 wells that compose three

critical profiles across the area the Victor, Cherokee Lane, and Wood5 

bridge profiles.

Ground-water levels in typical wells, of the Mpkelumne area. 1955

(Measurements of depth to water made by Pacific Gas & Electric Co.} 

except as indicated, levels to measuring points by East Bay Municipal

Utility District.) 

6

363F1. Lillian G. Schleef. Irrigation well, 12 inches in 

diameter and 11V feet deep, 

500 feet west of road. Measuring point, top of concrete 

pit curb west of well, 0.4 

foot above land surface, altitude 40.95 feet above sea 

level.

Date

Jan. 2, 1956

15

25

Feb. 6

14

27

Mar. 12

25

Apr. 17

May 9

27

June 14

July 1

25

Sept. 5

Oct. 4

Nov. 4

12

21

Dec. 6

16

24

Hour

3:05 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

3:10 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

3:05 p.m.

2:55 p.m.

2:55 p.m.

4:10 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

2:40 p.m.

5:35 p.m.

3:05 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

,3:05 p.m.

2:40 p.m.

3:10 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

13,56

13.80

13.98

14.10

14.22

14.42

14.67

14.70

14.12

12.91

12.05

b 25.60

12.95

12.81

(b)

12,24

12.58

12.70

12.90

13.31

13.50

13.60

368P1. G. W. and W. P. Vallem. 

Domestic well, 8 inches in 

diameter and 45 feet deep, 

ebout 800 feet west of Lafayette School and 80 feet 

north of Kettleman Lane, 15 

feet south of 8 inch irrigation well 368P2. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 1.2 

feet above land surface, 

altitude 25.95 feet.

Date

Jan. 3, 1935

18

30

Feb. 7

18

28

Mar. 14

26

Apr. 18

May 10

28

June^ 19

July 2

26

Sept ,10

Oct. 7

Nov. 5

13

22

Hour

9:45 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:25 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9] 20 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

13.90

12,53

13,50

13,25

13.05

11,00

12.68

12,32

11.73

11.06

a 11.80

c 22.58

13.97

15.50

16.40

c 25.70

14.21

14.02

14.00

a Windmill at observation well

pumping.

1? Power-driven pump operating in observation well, c Powers-driven pump 

___known to be operating within a quarter of a mile of observation well.

6 piper, A. M., Thomas, H. E., and Robinson, T. W., op. cit., pp. 

41-44.

6 The number of a well indicates its location with respect to the 

official rectangular land surveys. See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 619, p. 209.
28 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Ground-water levels In typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued 

S68P1 - Continued 373B1 - Continued

Date

Dec. 9, 1935

18

26

Hour

10:00

10:05

10:00

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

Depth 

to water

(feet)

13.75

13.65

13.58

3636R2. Leland W. Bunch. Domestic 

well, 8 inches in diameter and 

85 feet deep, 150 feet north 

and 400 feet west from intersection of Eightmile Road and 

Cherokee Lane. 600 feet east 

of 8-inch irrigation well 

3636R3, 20 feet east of domestic well 3636R1. Reference 

bench mark, top of well curb 

1.65 feet north of southeast 

corner, copper nail with lead 

washer, altitude 38.67 feet. 

Measuring point (2) top of 

casing, 5 feet below land surface, altitude 33.00 feet.

Jan, 7, 1935

21

31

Feb. 11

19

Mar. 5

15

Apr. 8

23

May 13

29

June 20

July 3

29

Sept. 11

Oct. 8

Nov. 6

14

29

Dec. 10

19

30

9:20 a.m.

10:20 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

10:05 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

10:20 a.m.

10:15 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

8:50 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

16.59

16.50

16.50

16.40

16.40

16,64

16.02

15.60

15,10

b 15.5

15.07

15,24

d 15.50

16.03

16.62

16.48

16.52

16.48

16.48

16.47

16.48

16.46

373B1. Jacob Knoll. Permanent observation well, 8 inches In 

diameter and 48 feet deep, 

1,000 feet west of Soucifr Pond, 

1.000 feet northeast of Irrigation well 373B2. Reference 

bench mark, 180 feet north of 

well, in root of oak tree, copper nail with washer, altitude 

79.54 feet. Measuring point, 

top of casing at south side, 

1.4 feet above land surface, 

altitude 81.85 feet.

Date

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nor.

Dec.

7, 1935

5l

31

11

19

5

15

8

23

13

29

20

3

29

11

8

6

15

29

10

19

30

Hour

2:15 p.m.

2:35 p.m.

2:45 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2:25 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2:10 p.m.

2:05 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

2:10 p.m.

2:40 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

1:55 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

2:45 p.m.

11:35 a.m.

1:35 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2i30 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

38.62

38.56

57.93

37,60

37.60

37.67

3 37.08

34.77

34.37

34.74

35.51

32.06

33.10

 34.78

36.75

37.32

37.59

37.63

37.62

37.64

37.64

37.62

376JB. R. E. and Ruth P. Coker.

Permanent observation well, 4 

inches in diameter and 40 feet 

deep, 2 feet north of Southern 

Pacific Railroad right of way, 

215 feet east of center of 

Cherokee Lane. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 0.4 foot 

above land surface, altitude 

53.75 feet.

Jan, 2, 1935

15

25

Feb. 6

14

21

Mar. 12

25

Apr. 17

May 8

27

June 14

July 8

25

Sept. 5

Oct. 4

Nov. 4

12

21

Dec. 6

16

24

9:00 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:15 a.m.

9:05 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9 tOO a.m.

8:40 a.m.

Ill 10 a.m.

9:06 a.m.

9:05 a.m.

9(00 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:25 a.m.

9)30 a.m.

9:15 a.m.

9:15 a.m.

9:06 a.m.

9:15 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

25.00

24.87

24.80

24.74

23.76

24.88

25.23

25.65

25.15

24.50

24.53

24.68

25.64

25.30

25.80

25.87

25.58

25.39

25.22

25.15

24.96

24.89

b Power-driven pump operating in observation well.

d Pump in observation well stopped a short time before measurement.

3 Adjacent land wet from irrigation.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 29

Ground-water levels In typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued

377Jl. J. and Rachel K. Goetken. 

Irrigation well, 10 Inches in 

diameter and 49 feet deep. 

Two Irrigation wells and one 

service-station well within 

400 feet. Reference bench 

mark, about 370 feet northwest 

of well, in the southwest angle 

of Cherokee Lane and T-road 

west, in -center of east side 

of a square concrete sewer 

trap, chiseled square, altitude 50.58 feet (by U. S. 

Geol. Survey). Measuring 

point (3), pump-house floor 

south of well, brass nail 

with washer, 1.0 foot above 

land surface, altitude 

53.65 feet.

3710K3 - Continued

Date Hour

Depth

to water

(feet)

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Mav WAO.JT

June

July

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Date

2, 1935

15

25

6

14

27

18

25

17

8

27

4

1

25

. 5

4

4

12

21

6

16

24

Hour

8:45 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

8:30 a.m.

8:40 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

8:25 a.m.

8:50 a.m.

8:50 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

8:30 a.m.

8:40 a.m.

9:05 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

8:55 a.m.

8:45 a.m.

9:00 a.m.

9:05 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

31.68

31.50

31.22

31.07

31.27

31.30

32.30

33.00

33.91

(b)

34.75

35.26

35.45

35.19

34.70

33.48

32.50

32.40

32.29

31.82

31.62

31.65

Mar. 15, 1935 

Apr. 8

23 

May 13

29

June 20 

July 3

29

Sept.11 

Oct. 8 

Nov. 6

15

29 

Dee. 10

19

30

12j20 

12:30 

12:15 

12:35 

12:40 

12:15 

12:40 

12:20 

11:45 

12:45 

12:45 

10:45 

12:40 

12:25 

12:36 

12:35

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

a.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

a.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m. 

p.m.

48.90

48.35

51.92

52.78

47.71

48.00

48.10

49.26

47.26

45.15

43.55

43.09

42.50

42.22

41.97

42.20

3710K4. Edward Preszler. Permanent observation well, 12 

inches In diameter to 121 

feet, 10 inches to 190 feet. 

Measuring point, top of casing 

at south side, 0.7 foot above 

land surface, altitude 73.07 

feet.

Jan. 7, 1935

21

31

Feb. 11

19

Mar. 5

15

Apr. 8

23

May 13

29

June 20

July 3

29

Sept. 12

Oct. 8

Nov. 6

15

29

Dec. 10

19

30

12:15 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:35 p.m.

12:25 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

12:25 p.m.

12:20 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

^,12:15 p.m.

12:35 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:20 p.m.

11:45 a.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

10:45 a.m.

12:40 a.m.

12:25 p.m.

12:35 p.m.

12:35 p.m.

40. 7&

40.90

41.90

e 43.38

44.50

46.17

47,95

47.09

c 49.90

50.07

48.00

47.88

48.07

48.95

46.78

44.06

42.37

42.14

41.60

41.32

41.10

41.60

3710K3. Edward Preszler. Permanent

observation well, 10 inches in

diameter and 57 feet deep, about

50 feet west of Locust Avenue,

6 feet east of companion well

3710K4, and 100 feet northeast

of 14-inch irrigation well

3710K1. Reference bench mark,

In base of transformer pole

33 feet west of well, copper

nail, altitude 74.52 feet. 3715P2. Eugene R. Hi«b. Permanent

Measuring point, top of casing observation well, 10 inches in

at south side, 1.2 feet above diameter and 55 feet deep, 200

land surface, altitude 73.79 feet north of 14-inch irrigafeet. tion well 3722B1. Reference

bench mark, 16 feet south of 

well, at northeast corner of 

garage, in top of concrete 

curb, chiseled square, altitude 67.29 feet. Measuring 

point (2), top of instrument 

shelf, 3.5 feet above land 

surface, altitude 70.34 feet.

b Power-driven pump operating in observation well.

c Power-driven pump known to be operating within a quarter of a mile 

of observation well.

77056 O 36 3

Jan. 7, 1935

21

31

Feb. 11

19

liar. 5

12:15 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:35 p.m.

12:25 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

12:25 p.m.

41.60

41.80

42.34

c 44.30

45.30

47.10
so WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Ground-water levels in typical wells of iche Mokelumne area - Continued

3715P2 - Continued

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayJune

July

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Date

7, 1935

21

31

11

19

5

15

8

23

13

29

20

3

29

.11

8

6

15

29

10

19

30

Hour

111 50 a.m.

12s 25 p.m.

12slO p.m.

12:00 m.

12:05 p.m.

12:00 m.

11:55 a.m.

12:10 p.m.

11:50 a.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

11:35 a.m.

12:15 p.m.

12:00 m.

11:20 a.m.

12:20 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

10:15 a.m.

12:00 m.

12:10 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

44.70

44.85

44.30

44.03

44.05

44,18

45.10

47.10

45.94

47.17

48.89

50.35

48.60

51.45

48.87

47.42

46.30

46.03

45.60

45.35

45.13

44.93

3719A2. C. M. Perdun. Permanent 

observation well, 4 inches in 

diameter and 40 feet deep. 

Two irrigation wells within 

300 feet. Reference bench 

mark, 45 feet north of well, 

in southeast angle of intersection of Cherokee and Harney 

Lanes, on top near east end of 

culvert headwall, chiseled 

square, altitude (by U. S. 

Geol. Survey) 47.54 feet. 

Measuring point,- top of casing, 0.5 foot above land surface, altitude 48.82 feet.

Jan. 7, 1935

21

31

Feb. 11

19

Mar. 5

15

Apr. 8

23

May 13

29

June 20

July 3

29

Sept. 11

Oct. 8

Nov. 6

14

29

Dec. 10

19

30

9:50 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:25 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

8:40 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

1:45 p.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

31.88

31.45

31.25

31.03

30.92

30.62

30.70

31.20

31.53

31.77

31.95

32.80

29.21

31.72

33.85

33.70

33.09

32.90

32.48

32.22

32.02

31.79

3727F3. John F. Heitzmann. Permanent observation well, 8 

inches in diameter and 46 feet 

deep, 100 feet northwest of 

8-inch irrigation well 3727F2. 

Reference bench mark, about 

225 feet southeast of well, 

along south edge of Liveoak 

Road, in base on north side 

of power pole, copper nail 

with washer, altitude 61.24 

feet (by U. S. Geol. Survey). 

Measuring point, top of casing, 1.7 feet above land surface, altitude 61.12 feet.

Date

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7, 1935

21

31

11

19

5

15

8

23

13

29

20

3

29

11

8

6

15

29

10

19

30

Hour

3:55

4:15

4:35

3:55

4:10

4:10

3:55

3:55

3:40

4:00

4:00

3:35

4:00

3:40

3:30

4:05

4:05

12:55

3:35

3:45

3:55

3:50

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

39.17

39.06

38.94

38.80

38.75

38.55

38.50

38.28

38.27

38.36

38.36

38.78

39.24

39.74

40.25

40.25

39.88

40.80

39.62

39.50

39.40

39.26

3730E2. W. L. Flanigan. Domestic 

well, 6 inches in diameter and 

59 feet deep, about 100 feet 

south and 300 feet east of the 

intersection of Cherokee Lane 

and Liveoak Road. Two irrigation wells within 400 feet. 

Reference bench mark, about 

150 feet north of well, along 

north edge of Liveoak Road, in 

base on south side of 18-inch 

fir tree, copper nail with 

washer, altitude 42.80 feet 

(by U. S. Geol. Survey). 

Measuring point (2), top of 

casing, 8.5 feet below land 

surface, altitude 33.30 feet.

Jan. 7, 1935

21

31

Feb. 11

19

Mar. 5

15

Apr. 8

9:40 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

17.57

17.50

17*35

17.09

16.95

16.85

16.76

16.59
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 31

Ground-water levels In typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued 

3730E2 - Continued 4634R1 - Continued

Date

Apr. 23, 1935

May 13

29

June 20

July 3

29

Sept. 11

Oct. 8

Nov. 6

14

29

Dee. 10

19

30

Hour

9:30 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

8:50 a.nu

9:40 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

1:55 p.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:05 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

16.55

17.26

17.95

20.40

d 22.78

23.90

22.88

21.82

19.50

19.16

b 19.58

18.40

18.30

18.07

4612R1. G. A. Jahant. Domestic

well, 6 inches in diameter and 

84 feet deep, about 200 feet 

west and 100 feet north from 

intersection of Cherokee Lane 

and Jahant Road, 400 feet 

southweat of 10-inch irrigation well 4612R2. Measuring 

point (2), top of tile casing, 

18.4 feet below land surface, 

altitude 38.94 feet (by U. S. 

Geol. Survey).

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Ap?.

May

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dee.

2, 1935

15

29

6

14

27

12

25

17

8

27

25

5

4

4

12

21

6

16

24

11:10

11:05

11:30

11:20

11:15

10:55

10:55

11:15

10:50

2:50

11:10

10:50

11:15

11:40

11:45

11:30

11:20

11:10

11:20

11:25

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a. m,,

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

13.97

13.72

13.50

13.20

13,08

12.80

12.58

12.35

11.87

11.55

11.86

15.77

16.87

16.42

15.72

15.55

15.34

15.02

14.78

14.30

4634R1. E. M. Smith. Unused well, 

10 inches in diameter and 34 

feet deepj in northwest angle 

of intersection of Southern 

Pacific Railroad and Woodbridge Road,' about 350 feet 

southwest of Smith Lake. 

Measuring point (2), top of 

outer casing, 0.2 foot above 

land surface, altitude 43.46 

feet.

Date

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

2, 1935

15

25

6

14

27

12

25

17

9

27

14

1

25

. 5

4

4

12

21

6

16

24

Hour

3:15 p.m.

3s05 p.m.

3:20 p.m.

3:25 p.m.

3:20 p.m.

3:10 p.m.

3:05 p.m.

4:15 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

1:40 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

3:05 p.m.

3:05 p.m.

2:55 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

3:45 p.m.

3:10 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

2:25 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

12.71

12.93

13.58

14.07

14.33

14.68

14.77

15.04

14.30

6.29

9.56

2.80

10.33

10.93

11.15

11.00

11.10

11.35

11.68

12.35

12.70

12.91

4636A1. D. D. Smith and S. H. and 

I. Zimmerman. Unused well, 6 

inches in diameter and 35 feet 

deep, about 100 feet east of 

12-inch irrigation well 4636A2. 

Measuring point, top of casing, 

level with land surface, altitude 49.90 feet.

Jan. 2, 1955

15

25

Feb. 6

14

27

Mar. 12

25

Apr. 17

May 9

27

June 14

July 1

25

Sept. 5

Oct. 4

Nov. 4

12

21

Dee. 6

16

24

2:25 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

2:35 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

3:25 p.m.

1:05 p.m.

11:40 a.m.

2:25 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2:15 p.m.

2:10 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

2:t>5 p.m.

2:05 p.m.

1:45 p.m.

2:25 p.m.

2:00 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

1:35 p.m.

21.60

21.80

21.77

21.70

21.80

21.94

22.07

23.65

24.30

21.59

21.69

o 24.95

22.15

22.07

21.80

20.82

21.03

21.32

21.60

21.87

21.52

21.37

b Power-driven pump operating in observation well.

c Power-driven pump known to be operating within a quarter of a mile 

of observation well.

d Pump in observation well stopped a short time before measurement.
32 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Ground-water levels In typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued

4715C3. Robert L, Carter. Permanent observation well, 8 

inches In diameter n-pfi 64 

feet deep, about 300 feet 

south of Jahant Road and 

75 -feet southeast of dwelling. 

Four domestic and irrigation 

wells within 800 feet. Measuring point, top of casing, 

1.0 foot above land surface, 

altitude 93.05 feet.

Date

Jan. 14, 1935

24

Feb. 5

13

26

Mar. 8

22

Apr. 16

May 7

23

June 12

28

July 24

Aug. 29

Oct. 3

10

Nov. 7

20

Dec. 13

23

Hour

12:10 p.m.

12jOO m.

12:05 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

12 $10 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12tOO m.

12:00 m.

12:50 p.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

12:00 m.

Ill 55 a.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:25 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

51.35

51.30

50.94

50.97

50.82

51.80

50.60

50.54

50.27

50.40

50.91

51.64

52.78

53,55

53.30

53.17

52.55

52.36

52.02

51.88

4718N3, Martha Eddlemon. Permanent 

observation well, 4 inches in 

diameter and 45 feet deep, along 

north edge of Peltier Road and 

70 feet east of Cherokee Lane. 

Four irrigation wells within 

900 feet. Measuring point, top 

of casing, 0.8 foot above land 

surface, altitude 59.84 feet 

(by U. S. Geol. Survey).

Jan. 2, 1935

15

25

Feb. 6

14

21

Mar. 12

25

Apr. 17

May 8

27

June 14

July 1

25

Sept. 5

Oct. 4

Nov. 4

12

21

Dec. 6

16

24

10:25 a.m.

10:25 a.m.

10:45 a.m.

10:40 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

lOjlO a.m.

12:25 p.m.

10:25 a.m.

10:15 a.m.

10:15 a.m.

10:05 a.m.

10:25 a.m.

10:55 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

10:45 a.m.

10:40 a.m.

10:25 a.m.

10:40 a.m.

10:45 a.m.

35.85

35.50

35.21

34.86

34.86

34.46

34.30

34.10

33.67

35.61

34.45

38.75

41.41

43.20

42.65

40.54

38.45

38.13

37.72

37.15

36.76

36.55

4722Q4. Adolphus Eddlemon. Permanent observation well, 10 

inches in diameter and 51 feet 

deep, about 50 feet north of 

Acampo Road, 5 feet north of 

companion well 4722Q5. Three 

irrigation wells within 800 

feet. Measuring point, top 

of casing, 0.8 foot above land 

surface, altitude 84.41 feet.

Date

Jan. 14, 1935

24

Feb. 5

13

26

Mar. 8

22

Apr. 16

May 7

23

June 12

28

July 24

Aug. 29

Oct. 3

10

Nov. 8

20

Dec. 5

13

23

Hour

11:25 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:25 a.m.,

11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

12:10 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11 I 05 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

11:40 a.m.

11(35 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:40 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

42.80

42.62

42.44

42.34

42.20

42.07

42.29

42.02

41.95

42.16

43.18

44.15

45.40

45,70

45.10

44.88

43.75

43.42

42,98

42.8.2

42.65

4722Q5. Adolphus Eddlemon. Permanent observation well, 10 

inches in diameter n^d ggg 

feet deep. Measuring point, 

top of casing, 0.2 foot above 

land surface, altitude 84.03 

feet.

Jan. 14, 1935

24

Feb. 5

13

26

Mar. 8

22

Apr. 16

May 7

23

June 12

28

July 24

Aug. 29

Oct. 3

10

Nov. 8

20

Dec. 6

13

23

11:25 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:25 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

12:10 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

11:40 a.m.

11:35 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

11:40 a.m.

41.60

41.58

41,30

41.36

41.15

41.34

43,70

42.14

42.02

j 47.36

49,16

51,40

52,83

40.20

45,70

45.06

42.70

42.39

41.95

41,33

42.74

Adjacent land wet from irrigation.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 33

Ground-water levels in typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued

4727P1. Frank H. and Leonard W. 

Buck. Permanent observation 

well, 10 inches in diameter 

and 49 feet deep, along west 

edge of county road and 150 

feet north of angle in road 

from south to east, 800 feet 

west of 12-inch irrigation 

well 4734G1. Measuring point, 

top of casing, 0.9 foot above 

land surface, altitude 82.10 

feet.

4730J2 - Continued

Date

Jan. 14, 1935

24

Feb. 5

13

26

Mar. 8

22

Apr. 16

May 7

23

June 12

28

July 24

Aug. 29

Oct. 3

10

Nov. 8

20

Dec. 5

13

23

Hour

11:05 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

11:10 a.m.

10:55 a.m.

10:55 a.m.

11:50 a.m.

10:15 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

10:40 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

11:10 a.m.

11:25 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

11:10 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

35.79

35.65

35.45

35.25

35.03

34.95

34.95

34.92

34.90

32.26

30. 3Q

30.82

3 33.02

34.7*

34.90

35.00

34.75

34.68

34.59

34.61

34.50

4730J2. Clara A. Barton. Domestic 

well, 4 Inches in diameter and 

48 feet deep (reported), about 

125 feet east of Cherokee Lane. 

Five irrigation wells within 

1,000 feet. Reference bench 

mark, top of concrete pit curb 

near southwest corner, painted 

arrow, altitude 58.45 feet. 

Measuring point, top of casing, 

13.6 feet below land surface, 

altitude 44.67 feet.

Jan. 2, 1935

15

25

Feb. 6

14

27

Mar. 12

25

Apr. 17

May 8

27

June 14

July 1

25

Sept . 5

Oct. 4

9:55 a.m.

9:55 a.m.

10:20 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

12:00 m.

9:55 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

9:45 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

10:25 a.m.

17.52

17.36

17.20

17.05

16.95

16.85

16.90

17.17

19.50

19.38

20.24

20.83

21.34

21.40

21.50

20.00

Date

Nov.

Dec.

4, 1935

12

21

6

16

24

Hour

10:35

10:15

10 1 15

10:00

10:10

10:15

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

18.57

18.30

18.27

17.92

17.80

17.85

4731J3. Charles H. Woest. Domestic 

well, 6 Inches in diameter and 

50 feet deep, about 50 feet 

east of Checokee Lane, 60 feet 

south of dwelling, and 700 feet 

north of the Mokelumne River. 

Pour irrigation and domestic 

wells within 600 feet. Measuring point (4), top of casing, 11.2 feet below land surface, altitude 46.55 feet (by 

TJ. S. Geol. Survey).

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept

Oct.

Novo

Dec.

2, 1935

15

25

6

14

27

12

25

17

8

27

14

1

25

. 5

4

4

12

21

6

16

24

9:30

9:30

9:55

9:40

9:35

9:15

9:25

9:35

9:15

11:40

9:35

9:30

9:25

9:20

9:40

10:00

10:10

9:50

9:50

9:35

9:45

9:50

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a,m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

14.25

14.30

14.33

14.16

14.10

14.10

14.17

14.70

14.64

14.55

12.65

9.75

11.68

11.92

12.92

12.60

13.30

13.30

13.50

13.68

13.48

13.45

4731N5. Jacob Goehring. Permanent 

observation well, 4 inches in 

diameter and 25 feet deep, 150 

feet east of Cherokee Lane and 

400 feet south of the Mokelumne 

River. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 2.9 feet above land 

surface, altitude 47.02 feet 

(by U. S. Geol. Survey).

Jan. 2, 1935

15

25

Feb. 6

14

21

Mar. 12

9:15 a.m.

9:15 a.m.

9:35 a.m.

9:25 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

8:55 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

13.97

14.05

14.00

13.79

13.62

13.70

12.80

Adjacent land wet from irrigation.
34 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Ground-water levels in typical wells of the Mokelumne area - Continued 

4731N5 - Continued

Date Hour

Depth

to water

(feet)

Mar. 25, 1935 

Apr. 17 

May 8

27

June 14 

July 1

25

Sept. 5 

Oct. 4 

Nov. 4

12

21 

Dec. 6

16

24

9:15 

8:55 

11:25 

9:20 

9:20 

9:10 

9:00 

9:20 

9:45 

9:55 

9:30 

9:35 

9:20 

9:30 

9:35

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m. 

a.m.

13.88

12.30

11.44

8.43

h 6.00

8.98

9.75

9.95

10.48

11.80

12.47

12.87

13.22

12.96

12.80

4734G1. John J. Schmiedt. Permanent observation well, 8 

inches in diameter and 30 

feet deep, 500 feet west of 

the Mokelumne River. Measuring point, top of casing, 

0.7 foot above land surface, 

altitude 58.20 feet.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1, 1935

21

31

11

19

5 

15

8

23

13

29

20

3

29

11

8

6

15

29

10

19

30

2:05

2:25

2:35

2:05

2:15

1:05

2:05

2:00

12:50

2:20

2:20

12:55

2:30

2:10

1:45

2:40

2:35

11:25

1:25

2:05

2:10

2:20

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

 m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

p.m.

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

a

P

P

P

P

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

.m.

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

9

h 8

h 3

h 3

6

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

.84

.54

.57

.89

.80

.75

.58

.32

.40

.55

.28

.60

.20

.82

.87

.94

.69

.60

.49

.57

.45

.45

h Adjacent land flooded.
COMffiCTICUT

By W. H. Brothwell

Supervisor of the emergency work project relating 

to ground water in Connecticut

GROUND-WATER PROVINCE AND GEOLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC 'DIVISIONS OP THE STATE

The State of Connecticut lies entirely in the ground-water province 

known as the "Northeastern Drift Province." This province, which includes 

all the area of the New England States, is described by Meinzer in WaterSupply Paper 489 (p. 311) as follows:

Northeastern Drift Province. Principal ground-water supplies come 

from glacial drift. The till yields small supplies to many springs and 

shallow wells; the outwash grayels yield very large supplies, notably 

on Long Island. Many drilled rock wells receive small supplies, chiefly 

from joints in crystalline rocks or in Triassic sandstone. Ground water 

is generally soft and otherwise low in mineral matter.

Connecticut has three major geologic and geomorphic divisions. 

Broad belts of crystalline rocks occupy the eastern and western parts of 

the State, and a central strip is underlain by Triassic sandstone, shale, 

and trap. The crystalline belts are also upland areas characterized by 

irregularly spaced summits and steep valleys,, The Triassic belt is a 

lowland area with prominent ridges, upheld by trap, elongated in a general 

north-south direction.

HISTORICAL REVIEW OP GROUND-WATER INVESTIGATIONS

The first studies of ground water in Connecticut were made by H. E. 

Gregory under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey. His 

first report, published in 1904, was followed by studies in the Triassic 

area of Connecticut by W. A. C. Pynchon and M. L. Puller, also under the 

auspices of the Federal Survey. Gregory published a second general report on ground water in Connecticut in Water-Supply Paper 114 of the 

United States Geological Survey in 1905, and a general report on the relation of the geology of Connecticut to the water supply in the annual 

report of the Connecticut Board of Agriculture in 1906. A comprehensive 

report by Gregory and E. E. Bills was published in 1909 by the United 

States Geological Survey as Water-Supply Paper 232, including a detailed 

study of water in crystalline rocks by Ellis. In 1911 a cooperative 

agreement was made between the Federal and State Surveys, as a result

of which more detailed studies of particular areas were undertaken.

35
36 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

All these studies had many points In common; they all Involved systematic 

collection of Information regarding wells and springs In the area covered 

and studies of the quality of the ground water as shown by chemical analyses, the use of water from underground sources, possible extensions In 

the utilization of the ground-water resources, and, to some extent, the 

variations of the water table In the different environments.

The several papers and their authors are listed In the following 

bibliography. Two papers deserve special mention the report by J. S. 

Brown on coastal ground water In relation to the sea water, and that of 

0. E. Melnzer and N. D. Steams on the drainage basin of the Pomperaug 

River with special reference to Intake and discharge of ground water. 

In connection with the Pomperaug Investigation, weekly measurements of 

depths to the water levels were made In 22 wells from October 4, 1913, 

to December 30, 1916.

Gregory, H. E., Notes on the wells, springs, and ground-water resources of Connecticut: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 102, 

pp. 127-168, 1904.

Pynchon, W. H0 C., Drilled wells of the Trlasslc area of the Connecticut Valley: U. S. Geol, Survey Water-Supply Paper 110, pp. 65-94, 

1905.

Puller, M. L., Trlasslc rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source 

of water supply: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 110, pp. 95-112, 

1905.

Gregory, H. E., The underground waters of Connecticut: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 114, pp. 76-81, 1905,,

Gregory, H. E., The geology of Connecticut In relation to Its water 

supply: Connecticut Board Agr. 39th Ann. Rept., pp. 283-297, 1906.

Bills, E. E., Occurrence of water In crystalline rocks: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 160, pp. 19-28, 1906.

Gregory, H. E., and Ellls, E. E., Underground water resources In 

Connecticut: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 232, 1909.

Gregory, H. E., and Ellls, A. J., Ground water In the Hartford, 

Stamford, Wllllmantlc, and Saybrook areas, Connecticut: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 374, 150 pp., maps, 1916.

Ellls, A. J., Ground water In the Waterbury area, Connecticut: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 397, 73 pp., maps, 1916.

Waring, G. A., Ground water In the Merlden area, Connecticut: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 449, 83 pp., maps, 1920.

Palmer, H. S., Ground water In the Southlngton-Granby area, Connecticut: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 466, 219 pp., maps, 

1921.

Palmer, H. S.. Ground water In the Southlngton-Granby area, Connecticut (abstract;i Washington Acad. Scl. Jour., vol. 12, no. 1, 

pp. 19-20, January 4, 1922.

Palmer, H. S., Ground water In the Norwalk, Suffield, and Glastonbury areas, Connecticut: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 470, 

171 pp., maps, 1920.

Palmer, H. S., Ground water In the Norwalk, Suffleld, and Glastonbury areas, Connecticut (abstract): Washington Acad. Scl. Jour., 

vol. 11, no. 21, p. 510, December 19, 1921.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 37

Brown, J. S., Relation of sea water to ground water along coasts: 

Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 4, pp. 274-294, 7 figs., October 1922.

Brown, J. S., A study of coastal ground water, with special reference to Connecticut: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 537, 101 pp., 

maps, 1925.

Brown, J. S., Ground water in the Hew Haven area, Connecticut: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 540, 206 pp., maps, 1928.

Meinzer, 0. E., and Stearns, N. D., A study of ground water in the 

Pomperaug Basin, Connecticut, with special reference to intake and discharges U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 597, pp. 73-146, maps, 

1929.

PRESENT STUDIES

The present studies of ground water in Connecticut were started in 

October 1934 as a project of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 

sponsored by the State Planning Board, the State Water Commission, and 

the United States Geological Survey. The technical direction of the work 

was undertaken by the United States Geological Survey. The project is 

being continued by the Works Progress Administration under the sponsorship of the State Planning Board, with technical direction by the United 

States Geological Survey. The Connecticut State Water Commission is also 

continuing in an advisory capacity.

The project was begun in the Hartford and Torrington areas, in the 

northern part of the State and in the New Haven and Bridgeport areas, 

along the coast. The work in the northern part of the State consists 

of a partial inventory of wells and springs and weekly observations at 

selected wells. Detailed topographic maps of the selected wells have 

been made, and the altitudes of many of the wells have been determined. 

The work in the coastal belt consists of an inventory of wells and 

springs in the several towns, the selection of wells for periodic observation, the mapping of these selected wells, the determination of their 

altitudes, and tests of the chloride contents of the waters of almost 

all wells and springs visited to determine the effects of the salt water 

on Long Island Sound on the ground water.

OBSERVATION-WELL PROGRAM

Most of the observation wells in the Hartford and Torrington areas 

(including Burlington) were selected in the later part of 1934, and observation work on them was continued throughout 1935. Scheduled observations on a few of the selected wells were discontinued for reasons 

such as unsuitability of wells for observation, unfavorable attitude by 

the owners, or replacement by more satisfactory or more accessible wells.
38 WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The following table shows the number of observation wells on which measurements were started in 1934 and In 1935 and the number on which observations were discontinued during 1934 and 1935:

Number of observation wells

A rea Started Started Discontinued 

in 1934 in 1935 in 1934

Hartford and 

Torrington 163 0 5

Bridgeport 18 28 0

New Haven 0 86 0

Total 181 114 5

 r^ ^ Under Discontinued observation 

in 1935 jan- Iil936

12 146

10 36

7 79

29 261

The number of measurements made in the several areas, including all 

well and spring census measurements, is as follows: In 1934, Hartford 

and Torrington 1,655, New Haven 586, Bridgeport 440, total 2,681; in 1935, 

Hartford and Torrington 7,813, New Haven 2,818, Bridgeport 2,561, total 

13,192. The grand total to January 1, 1936, is 15,873 measurements.

CONDITIONS OP PERIODIC OBSERVATION

All observation wells are measured weekly on an appointed day of the 

week (for example, Monday for wells in the Hartford and Torrington areas), 

except that on a few occasions it has been necessary to measure certain 

wells a day before or after the scheduled day. Every measurement to date 

has been made by a project employee. These men are assigned to visit and 

measure certain observation wells only after being thoroughly acquainted 

with the routes, owners, and measuring points. It is considered necessary 

to take a new observer around to the wells at least twice, in order to insure familiarity with local conditions. Once a field man is acquainted 

with certain observation wells and is obtaining the necessary cooperation 

from the owners, it is desirable to keep him reading the same wells. For 

each observation-well route, however, there are at least two employees 

familiar with the details of the wells, so that even in emergencies the 

scheduled observations are carried out.

ESTABLISHMENT OP MEASURING POINTS AND BENCH MARKS

All measuring points on observation wells are as permanent as is 

practicable. The description of the individual measuring points appears 

on all well-measurement records. The points are generally shown by
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 59

orange paint marks on the well tile or curbing, knife cuts, or keel marks. 

Where it is impracticable to deface the well with marks of the more permanent type, keel is used, and the marks are renewed periodically.

In the Hartford and Torrington areas reference bench marks nave been 

selected convenient to all observation wells. The determination of altitudes above sea level by instrumental leveling from accurate bench marks 

was started July 17, 1935. Bench marks of the United States Geological 

Survey and the United States Coast and Geodetic Su-rvey were used, supplemented by marks of the Connecticut State Highway Department that were 

known to be reliable. In a few places accurate bench marks of the abovenamed agencies were not available, and it was necessary to utilize townsurvey markers, such as those of the Metropolitan District of Hartford, 

or to postpone leveling. No instrumental leveling has been done to 

date in the coastal belt,, and no permanent measuring points other than 

painted or chalked marks have been established for any wells in that 

belt. Aemcrate altitudes were determined in 1935 for a total of 56 observation wells, of which 30 are in the Hartford northwest loop and 26 

in the Hartford southwest loop.
FLORIDA 

By V. T. Strlngfleld

Measurements of water levels and artesian pressure In wells In 

Florida have been made In connection with a cooperative ground-water Investigation conducted by the Florida State Geological Survey and the 

United States Geological Survey In the fiscal years 1931, 1932, 1933, 

and 1936, and an Investigation of the artesian conditions and head In 

the peninsular part of the State, with funds provided by the Public 

Works Administration, In the fiscal years 1934 and 1935. Measurements 

were made chiefly by F. C. Westendlck and the writer, but some were made 

by D. S. Wallace, district engineer, United States Geological Survey, 

and his assistants, and some In 1930 by D. G. Thompson. Many of the 

measurements were made In Duval, Semlnole, Orange, Manatee, and Sarasota Counties. Two automatic water-stage recorders have been In operation since 1930, one on a well near Sarasota and the other on wells 

In Jacksonville. Records of water levels and artesian pressure prior 

to 1930 are given In several published reports of the Federal and State 

Geological Surveys, especially In "Geology and ground waters of Florida," 

by G. C. Matson and Samuel Sanford, which was published In 1913 as WaterSupply Paper 319 of the Federal Survey. Many of these earlier records 

were reported by the owners or drillers of the wells.

The wells that have been measured since 1930 are drilled wells and 

range from less than 100 feet to as much as 1,000 feet In depth and from 

about 2 to 12 Inches In diameter. They are chiefly artesian wells and 

should be distinguished from the shallow water-table wells that are 

essentially Independent of the pressures In the artesian reservoir. 

Some are In areas that are affected by large withdrawals from pumped or 

flowing wells, some are In areas affected by artificial recharge through 

drainage wells, and some are In areas that are not appreciably affected 

by artificial withdrawal or recharge.

On nonflowlng wells the measuring point, from which the depth to 

water Is measured, Is the top of the well casing. On flowing wella the 

measuring point Is usually a point on the well to which the pressure 

gage or other device for determining the pressure Is attached. The altitude of all measuring points with reference to the land surface at 

the wells has been recorded. A few of the measuring points are tied to

Government bench marks with mean sea-level datum. 

40
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 41

Measurements made during 1930 and 1931 in Sarasota County are recorded on pages 184 to 194 of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Annual 

Report of the Florida State Geological Survey, 1933. Measurements of 

water levels or pressure heads made from 1930 to 1934 in other parts of 

the Florida peninsula are reported in U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 773-C. The records of measurements made during 1935 in the Florida 

peninsula and a few in west Florida are still unpublished but are available to anyone who desires them.

About 500 measurements were made during 1935. About 100 wells in 

Orange and Seminole Counties were measured at least once during the field 

season, of wjiich 75 wells were measured more than once, 50 were measured 

in both September and October, and 25 were measured weekly or daily during certain periods. About 75 wells outside of Orange and Seminole 

Counties were measured at least once. The two water-stage recorders were 

in operation during 1935. Prior to 1935 about 500 wells were measured 

one or more times.

The measurements in wells in Orange County during September and 

October 1935 show that at the end of this 2-month period the water levels 

in this county were in general about 2 feet higher than at the beginning 

of the period. This rise was caused chiefly by artificial recharge 

through drainage wells and perhaps partly by natural recharge. Fluctuations of as much as 10 feet within a few weeks are not unusual in this 

area. The water levels in September 1935 were about as low as has been 

indicated by any measurement since 1930, except during May 1933, when 

they were about 2 to 4 feet lower.

The measurements in wells in Seminole County in September and 

October 1935 show that the water levels were about 1 to 2 feet higher 

in October than in September, giving some indication of natural recharge. 

The measurements indicated that the water levelir during September 1935 

in a part of Seminole County were about 1 to 2 feet higher than during 

May 1933. Part of the wells in this county are within an area affected 

by large withdrawal of water, and measurements made during the winter 

season of heavy draft (November to March) doubtless will reflect that 

influence.

The most nearly complete record of water levels in Florida is that 

of the well on the Palmer farms, near Sarasota, on which a continuous 

water-stage recorder has been in operation since October 1930. The 

record of that well shows the influence of draft from nearby wells.
42 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The water level in the well waa about 3 feet lower in 1935 than when the 

record started in 1930, with slight fluctuations in 1935, During periqda when the fluctuations are not large.the influence of changes in 

atmospheric pressure is reflected in the water levels in the well. The 

artesian wella near the coast in Sarasota County show the influence of 

the ocean tides.

Records of an artesian well at Jacksonville Beach, in Duval County, 

show a aemidaily fluctuation in water level of 1 to 2 feet, which is undoubtedly caused by the ocean tide, as the maximum level occurs approximately at high tide and the low level at low tide. The pressure recorder on a well in the Water Works Park at Jacksonville indicated a 

fluctuation of about 18 feet, but this is doubtless caused largely by 

changes in the draft from the wells that furnish the public supply and 

possibly in part by changes in draft from industrial wells.

In general fluctuations of the water levels in the artesian wells 

in the Florida peninsula are small except in or near areas of natural 

or artificial recharge, where the fluctuation may be as much- as 10 feet, 

and in areas affected by pumped or flowing wells.
HAWAII 

By H. T. Stearna

INTRODUCTION

The Hawaiian archipelago consists of 21 islands. The largest are 

Hawaii, Maul, Molakai, Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, Lanai, and Kahoolawej the 

others are small islets, reefs, and shoals. Honolulu, the capital of the 

Territory, is on Oahu. Prior to the arrival of the white man the Hawaiians 

obtained their water chiefly from springs and from wells along the coast. 

Some of these wells were cracks in rocks where fresh water flowed seaward, 

which they walled up on the seaward end to prevent the free inflow of ocean 

water. Others were shaj-low dug wells. In a few places large springs issued from the ocean floor close to shore, and divers obtained fresh water 

from these springs in gourds.

The development of the sugar-cane industry created a great demand for 

both surface and ground water. Except for a few spring-fed rivers, the 

streams are flashy even in the wettest areas, because of the high permeability of the rocks. Likewise reservoirs tend to leak badly, and most 

of the slopes are so steep that reservoirs of large capacity are scarce. 

These conditions have caused a steady increase in the development of 

ground water from basalt, both by high-level tunnels and by wells pumping 

from the basal zone of saturation. Additional small supplies of ground 

water are obtained from dug wells in the coastal-plain sedimentary deposits on Oahu and to a lesser extent on the other islands. The chief waterbearing rock in these deposits is reef limestone.

The essential problem in Hawaii is to obtain water free from salt, 

because the fresh water floats upon salt water according to the GhybenHerzberg principle except where the water is confined in the dike complex or perched at high levels on ash or soil beds. At the present time 

water is pumped from wells in large quantities on the islands of Maui, 

Oahu, and Kauai and to a lesser extent on Hawaii. Each year brings about 

an appreciable increase in the number of wells and in the amount of ground 

water used. For example, in 1936 five wells of the Maui type are to be 

constructed on Oahu with a total capacity of about 40,000,000 gallons a day.

1 Stearns, H. T., and Vaksvik, K. N., Geology and ground-water resources of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii: Hawaii Dept. Public Lands, Div. 

 Hydrography, Bull. 1, pp. 65, 257, 1935.

2 Idem, pp. 324-325. 43
44 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The first well drilled in the Hawaiian Islands was completed at 

Honouliuli, near Ewa, Oahu, on September 22, 1879. It is a flowing well 

and is known as the Pioneer well (U.S.G.S. well 267). The success of this 

well gave impetus to further drilling. Plowing wells have been obtained 

only on Oahu and Kauai, because they are the only islands having areas of 

coastal-plain sedimentary rocks extensive enough to form artesian basins.

HISTORY OP WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ON OAHU

The first systematic water-level measurements on Oahu were made in 

1910 by T. P. Sedgwick, an employee of the Public Works Department, as a 

result of a visit by W. C. Mendenhall, then in charge of ground-water 

investigations for the United States Geological Survey. Mr. Sedgwick 

measured most of the wells then in existence on Oahu, made systematic 

monthly readings of static heads of wells distributed about the island, 

and determined the salt content of a large number of samples of well water. 

This work was continued until 1916, and the data so collected have been 

essential in all subsequent investigations. Since 1917 the water-level 

measurements have been made by the Division of Hydrography of the office 

of the Commissioner of Public Lands, Territory of Hawaii. Because of 

lack of funds the collection of well data was reduced between 1919 and 

1921, and the work was entirely dropped from 1921 until 1923. Since 1923 

monthly measurements have been made of certain observation wells in most 

of the artesian areas on Oahu, and since 1930 these measurements have 

been made by the Division of Hydrography in financial cooperation with 

the United States Geological Survey. The Honolulu Sewer and Water Commission and its successor, the Honolulu Board of Water Supply, have made 

many water-level measurements in Honolulu since 1929. Prom 1931 to 1933 

the United States Geological Survey made an intensive study of the groundwater conditions on Oahu and collected all available measurements. These 

data are to be published in a forthcoming bulletin of the Division of 

Hydrography. '

In 1935 the wells on Oahu were renumbered, because of the confused 

and disorderly arrangement of the old numbering system. All well numbers used herein are the new numbers. (Tables listing the new and old 

numbers are given on pages 463-467 of Bulletin 1 of the Division of Hydrography.) In July 1932 the recorders on the wells in Honolulu, formerly 

maintained by the Division of Hydrography, were turned over to the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.
WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 45 

WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS 

Island of Oahu

During 1935 the Honolulu Board of Water Supply made measurements on 

117 wells, of which 109 were measured more than once, a total of 254 measurements being made. The measurements were made by engineers In connection 

with simultaneous surveys of artesian head to determine whether or not any 

of the artesian wells In Honolulu were leaking.

During 1935 the United States Geological Survey made 187 water-level 

measurements In 18 wells, 16 of which were measured monthly. Water-level 

fluctuations In all except two of the twelve recognized Isoplestlc areas In 

Oahu are represented by these measurements and those made by the Honolulu 

Board of Water Supply. Many additional measurements were made by the plantation owners at their pumping stations. These records.are not collected 

by the Geological Survey, but they are available at the plantation offices.

Automatic water-stage recorders were maintained by the Honolulu Board 

of Water Supply on 11 wells In the five Isoplestic areas In Honolulu during 1935.

The observation wells range from about 100 to 800 feet In depth and 

from 6 to 12 Inches In diameter, and all were put down by the churn-drill 

method. Most of them are cased through the cap rock to prevent salt water 

In the reef limestone and other permeable layers of the cap rock from 

entering the wells. They are all artesian, and many of them would overflow If It were not for the almost continuous heavy pumping for Irrigation. 

The average quantity pumped during the period from 1928 to 1933 amounted 

to about 105,000,000,000 gallons a year, or about 287,000,000 gallons a 

day. Nearly 90 percent of this water came from the basalt of the Koolau 

Range, and the remainder from the basalt of the Walanae Range. All wells 

for which measurements are given in this report, except 1A and 406, are 

In areas of heavy pumpage. There are about 700 wells on the island of 

Oahu, over half of which have permanent bench marks tied to the Coast and 

Geodetic Survey mean sea-level datum by instrumental leveling. Many of 

the observation wells are equipped with plugs especially installed for 

attaching a U-tube for measuring static levels.

The important reports containing water-level data are as follows:

Report of the Water Commission of 1917, vols. 2 to 5, unpublished and on file In the Public Archives at Honolulu. The 

table of contents of these volumes Is given In the appendix to, 

volume 1, published by the Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Honolulu, 

1918.

77056 O 36 1
46 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Report of the Honolulu Sewer and Water Commission to the 

Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii, 15th regular session, 

January 1929.

Supplement to the Report of the Board of Water Supply to 

the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii, 16th Regular Session, February 1931.

Report of the Board of Water Supply to the Legislature 

of the Territory of Hawaii, 17th Regular Session, February 

1935.

Stearns, H. T., and Vaksvik, K. N., The geology and 

ground-water resources of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii: Hawaii 

Dept. Public Lands, Div. Hydrography, Bull. 1, May 1935.

Other reports containing water-level data are listed in the "Annotated bibliography and index of geology and water supply of the island of 

Oahu, Hawaii," by Norah D. Stearns (Div. Hydrography Bull. 3, August 1935). 

However, most of the water-level data are still unpublished and are in the 

files of the United States Geological Survey at Honolulu and at Spreckelsville, Maul. It is planned to publish these data as a bulletin of the 

Division of Hydrography.

Other islands

Water-level measurements of wells were not made on any island except 

Hawaii during 1935 by any Government agency. On Maul the wells are all 

of the shaft type, and measurements are furnished to the Geological Survey 

by the plantations. During 1935 automatic water-stage recorders were maintained on three wells of this type on West Mauf by the Pioneer Mill Co.

There are no artesian wells on Maul. No wells were measured on Kauai dur-

* 

ing 1935 by the Geological Survey, but records have been obtained and a

recorder was kept in operation for a time in previous years. Most of the 

ground water on Kauai is pumped from shafts, and measurements of the water 

level in these shafts are made by the plantations and are available to the 

Geological Survey upon request. On the island of Hawaii there are only a 

few shafts, and records of the water levels are kept by the plantation 

owners. One of these shafts was excavated at Olaa during 1935. Well 

water is used in only a few places on Hawaii at the present time. On 

toolokai and Lanai small quantities for domestic and stock use are obtained 

from shallow dug wells. Several wells of the Maul type with large capacity 

were constructed on Molokai many years ago but were never used. It is the 

plan of the United States Geological Survey to obtain continuing records 

of certain observation wells on each of the islands as soon as the systematic study of the ground water has been sufficiently advanced to make 

this practicable. These wells will be selected to typify ground-water 

conditions for each island.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 47 

FLUCTUATIONS OP GROUND-WATER LEVELS DURING 1935 

Island of Palm

The artesian areas on Oahu are designated by numbers. Areas 1 to

10 are along the shore side of the Koolau Range and areas 11 and 12 along

3 

the shore side of the Waianae Range. Records showing the fluctuations

of ground-water level are available in ten of the twelve areas-. In general the high stage in the nine artesian areas was reached in either 

March or April, and the low stage between June and September except in 

area 10, where it occurred in February. Well 406, flowing at the rate of 

about 200 gallons a minute, is the only artificial draft from area 10. 

Measurements of this well are representative of water-level conditions 

outside of recognized cones of depression.

The water level was higher in six areas and lower in four areas at 

the end of the year than at the beginning. The table below shows that 

there was a slight gain in ground-water storage in Honolulu (areas 1, 

2, and 3) and a loss in storage in the larger areas heavily pumped by 

sugar plantations (areas 6, 7, and 8). Because of 2 years of dry weather, 

pumpage for irrigation caused the water level in some of the wells to 

reach new low marks.

Time of high and low water levels in the artesian areas and the net gain 

or loss in static level for 1935 as shown by typical wells on Oahu

Area

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

10

12

Name

St. Louis Heights

Makiki-Pacific 

Heights

Kapalama

Moanalua

Wilhelmina Rise

Pearl Harbor

Waialua

Kahuku

Kaaawa

Mokuleia

Well no.

2

83

132

144

1A

201, 244, 266

326

356, 396

406

286, 308

High

April

March

March

March

October

March

January b_

March

April

OctoberDecember

Low

June

September

August

August

July

August

June

June-August

February

June

Gain 

or loss 

(feet)

+0.90

+ .45

+ .33

-.15

a +.18

-1.19

-.40

a -.83

+ .52

a. +.12

a Average; period Jan. 25 to Dec.

|T March record missing.

c_ Reached practically same height

3 Stearns, H. T., and Vaksvik, K. 

sources of the island of Oahu, Hawaii: 

Hydrography, Bull. 1, fig. 16, 1935.

26.

in March; November record missing.

N., Geology and ground-water reHawaii Dept. Public Lands, Div.
48 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

In the following records the head of the water in the wells is expressed in feet with reference to mean sea level. In some of the wella 

this is the water level in the well as measured; in others it is the height 

to which the water would rise in a water-tight casing or tube, aa indicated 

by the shut-in pressure.

Areas 1, 2, and 3

Because areas 1, S, and 3 are pumped heavily to supply Honolulu, the 

water-level fluctuations in these areas closely parallel each other. The 

total draft from areas 1 to 3 averages about 25,000,000 gallons a day, A 

synopsis of the static level in area 2, for which the longest record is 

available, is given as representative of the three areas. The 1935 high 

level of 29.93 feet in well 83, in area 2, is only slightly below the high 

level for 1934 but 2 to 3 feet below the high levels of 1932 and 1933. It 

was nearly the same as the high levels for the period 1928-31 but 1^ to 

4 feet above the high levels for the period 1924-27. Except for the four 

years 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1923, the annual high levels between 1913 and 

1923 were lower than that of 1935. Between 1888 and 1912 the water level 

never at any time fell appreciably below the high level for 1935. Since 

1888 the 1935 low level of 26.46 feet has been exceeded only in 1920, 

1922, 1924-27, and 1929.

Water-level measurements in 1935 for typical wells in areas 1, 2, and 

3 followi

Well 2. - About 600 ft. north of Waialae road and 10 ft. east of Manoa 

Stream, Honolulu, in area 1. Owner, Bishop estate. Drilled, 1895. Altitude, 37 ft. Diameter, 8 in. Not in use. Recorder installed 1929. Bench 

mark, top of open 8-in. well casing at ground; altitude 37.28 ft. The head 

in this well, and in the others for which records are given, is expressed 

in feet with reference to mean sea level. Records furnished by Honolulu 

Board of Water Supply.

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Jan. 5 25.66

12 25.80

19 26.12

26 26.51

Feb. 2 26.58

9 26.78

16 26.87

23 26.82

Mar. 2 27.23

9 27.35

16 27.40

23 27.39

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Mar. 30 27.37

Apr. 6 27.39

13 27.40

20 27.54

27 27.24

May 4 27.27

11 27.29

18 26.92

June 1 25.65

8 25.06

15 24.85

29 25.80

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

July 6 26.16

13 26.47

27 27.00

Aug. 3 26.84

10 26.58

17 26.61

24 26.56

31 26.56

Sept. 7 26.75

14 26.85

21 26.87

28 26.71

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Oct. 5 26.47

12 26.26

19 26.40

26 26.13

Nov. 2 25.86

9 25.87

16 26'. 07

23 26.15

30 26.14

Dec. 7 26.24

14 26.36

21 26.43

28 26.56
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 49

Well 9. - On Kapahulu Road near Olu St., Honolulu, In area 1. Owner, 

J. J. Gouveia. Drilled, 1921. Altitude, 16 ft. Depth, 270 ft. Diameter, 6 In. Depth to top of aquifer, 256 ft. Use, Irrigation. Casing, 

256 ft. Bench mark, top of bead on northeast branch of cross union on 

top of well casing, 2 ft. above ground; altitude, 18.08 ft.

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Jan. 25 26.16 

Feb. 21 26.61 

Mar. 22 27.03

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Apr. 19 27.27 

25 27.20 

May 17 26.76

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

June 19 26.10 

July 17 26.59 

Aug. 22 26.32

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Sept. 26 26.35 

Oct. 29 25.48 

Dec. 27 26.30

Well 81. - South side of Young St., about 250 ft. east of Victoria 

St., Honolulu, In area 2. Owner, Archie Young. Drilled, 1914. Altitude, 

18 ft. Diameter, 10 In. Use, domestic. Bench mark, top of flange at 

ground on vertical standplpe to which piezometer tube Is attached; altitude, 18.04 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

25

21

22

28

29

29

.87

.17

.79

Apr.

May

June

25

17

19

29.66

29.22

28.86

July 17

Aug. 22

Sept. 2 6

28.00

26.78

27.06

Oct.

Dec.

29

27

27.99

28.86

Well 83. - In Thomas Square, corner Beretanla Ave. and Kaplolanl 

St., Honolulu, In area 2. Owner, City and County of Honolulu. Drilled, 

1882. Altitude, 27 ft. Depth, 509 ft. Diameter, 8 In. at top and 6 In. 

at bottom. Depth to top of aquifer, 460 ft. Not In use. Recased from 

10 In. Recorder Installed 1925. Bench mark, top of flange bolted to 

valve on south side of well 3^- ft. below ground; altitude, 22.81 ft. 

Records furnished by Honolulu Board of Water Supply.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

5

12

19

26

2

9

2

9

16

23

30

28.54

28.88

29.02

29.02

29.08

29.12

29.35

29.57

29.75

29.81

29.93

Apr.

May

June

July

6

13

27

4

11

18

8

15

22

29

6

29.

29.

29.

29.

29.

29.

29.

29.

28.

28.

28.

92

87

80

56

30

29

42

19

82

55

35

July

Aug.

Sept

13

20

27

3

10

17

24

. 7

14

21

28

28.20

27.98

27.74

27.39

27.14

26.89

26.68

26.46

26.62

26.89

27.11

Oct. 12

Nov. 9

16

23

30

Dec. 7

14

21

28

27.45

28.26

28.44

28.68

28.81

28.88

28.89

28.96

28.99

Well 119. - At Honolulu Gas Works, Honolulu, In area 3. Owner, 

Honolulu Gas Co. Drilled, 1923. Altitude, 4 ft. Depth, 682 ft. Diameter, 10 In. Depth to top of aquifer, 617 ft. Use, Industrial. Bench 

mark, top of bolts holding blind flange In tee on well at ground; altitude, 

4.22 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

26

23

22

28

28

29

.69

.68

.52

Apr.

May

June

25

17

20

29.07

28.75

28.17

July 18

Aug. 22

Sept. 2 6

27.58

26.41

26.79

Oct.

Dec.

29

27

27.71

28.84

Well 152. - At old Kamehameha School pump house, In area 3. Owner, 

Bishop estate. Drilled 1911, by McCandless Bros. Altitude, 43 ft. 

Depth, 346 ft. Diameter, 12 In. top and 10 In. bottom. Not In use. 

Casing 265 ft. Recorder Installed March 1929. Bench mark, top of vertical flange on elbow of well casing 6 ft. below ground; altitude, 37.14 

ft. Records furnished by Honolulu Board of Water Supply.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

5

12

19

26

2

9

16

23

2

9

16

23

30

28.44

28.59

28.74

28.89

28.94

29.01

28.96

28.89

28.94

29.24

29.49

29.61

29.65

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

18

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

.60

.55

.51

.36

.20

.01

.90

.73

.73

.68

.43

.31

.14

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

6

13

20

27

3

17

24

31

. 7

14

21

28

5

27

27

27

27

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

27

27

.98

.85

.48

.17

.90

.58

.44

.42

.50

.82

.92

.04

.13

Oct. 12

19

26

Nov. 2

9

16

23

30

Dec. 7

14

21

28

27.19

27.57

27.76

27.85

28.02

28.15

28.33

28.50

28.59

28.74

28.74

28.78
50 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Area 4

Draft in area 4, averaging about 5,000,000 gallons a day, is for 

irrigation and military establishments. However, a well of the Maui type 

is now being constructed in this area by the Honolulu Board of Water Supply. The 1935 high level of 27.56 feet in well 144 was exceeded in every 

year since 1910, when the record began, except in 1913, 1925, 1926, 1927, 

and 1932. The 1935 low level of 23.80 feet was exceeded only by that of 

23.46 feet in 1926.

Water-level measurements of two wells in this area for 1935 follow:

Well 144. - About 400 ft. south of King St. and in line with Middle 

St. extension, Honolulu. Owner, Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. Drilled, 

1894. Altitude, 26 ft. Diameter, 8 in. Not in use. Recorder installed 

March 1927. Bench mark, top of tee, 1 ft. above ground on well; altitude 

27.17 ft. Records furnished by Honolulu Board of Water Supply.

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Jan. 5 26.55

12 26.60

19 26.70

26 26.86

Feb. 2 27.18

9 26.98

16 26.66

23 26.51

Mar. 2 26.37

16 27.48

23 27.56

30 27.50

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Apr. 13 27.24

20 27.11

27 26.93

May 4 26.74

11 25.51

25 26.16

June 1 26.06

8 25.97

15 25.85

22 25.74

29 25.61

July 6 25.60

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

July 13 25.50

20 25.47

27 25.32

Aug. 3 25.12

10 25.00

24 24.70

31 24.62

Sept. 7 24.70

14 25.12

21 25.15

28 25.08

Oct. 5 25.13

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Oct. 19 25.68

26 25.95

Nov. 2 25.88

9 25.95

16 26.14

23 26.46

30 26.44

Dec. 7 26.36

14 26.49

21 26.40

28 26.40

Well 155. - About 25 ft. east of Manalki Stream in Moanalua, at 

Junction of two private roads, Honolulu. Owner, Sam Damon estate. 

Drilled, 1889. Altitude, 20 ft. Diameter, 10 in. Use, domestic and 

irrigation. Bench mark, top of vertical flange on elbow 2 ft. above 

ground at well; altitude, 22.38 ft.

Jan. 25

Feb. 20

Mar. 22

26.85

26.40

27.53

Apr. 25

May 21

June 19

26.84

26.12

25.63

July 17

Aug. 22

Sept. 26

25.38

23.30

24.93

Dec. 27 26.30

Area 5

Wells 1A and IB are the only ones at present in area 5, although a 

well of Maui type is now under construction by the Honolulu Board of 

Water Supply. Well IB is pumped at the rate of about 300,000 gallons a 

day. Well 1A, 75 feet east of well IB, is not in use. In May 1934 the 

Honolulu Board of Water Supply installed an automatic recorder on this 

well. Prior to that time only a few measurements had been made. Available records show that the water level was higher in May 1933 than at 

any time since. It was also lower at the end of 1934 than at the end 

of 1935. A low level of 7.72 feet was reached in August 1934.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 51

Well 1A. - 75 ft. east of pump house on north side of Waialae Golf 

Links, Honolulu. Drilled, 1881. Owner, Bishop estate. Altitude, 18 ft. 

Depth, 131 ft. Diameter, 10 in. Not in use. Bench mark, near well IB, 

top of spike at ground; altitude, 18.12 ft. Records furnished by Honolulu 

Board of Water Supply.

Date 

1935

Jan. 7

14

21

28

Feb. 4

11

18

25

Mar. 4

11

18

25

Apr. 1

Head 

(feet)

8.20

8.20

8.33

8.36

8.39

8.28

8.18

8.27

8.34

8.43

8.35

8.35

8.36

Date 

1935

Apr. 8

15

22

29

May 6

13

20

27

June 3

10

17

24

July 1

Head 

(feet)

8.31

8.29

8.31

8.36

8.17

8.30

8.24

8.26

8.25

a. 33

8.30

8.19

8.17

Date 

1935

July 8

15

22

29

Aug. 5

12

19

26

Sept. 3

9

16

23

30

Head 

(feet)

8.21

8.17

8.23

8.23

8.30

8.30

8.30

8.27

8.35

8.32

8.34

8.39

8.40

Date 

1935

Oct. 7

14

21

28

Nov. 4

12

18

25

Dec. 2

9

16

23

30

Head 

(feet)

8.51

8.50

8.48

8.38

8.41

8.37

8.48

8.37

8.40

8.38

8.40

8o25

8o38

Area 6

Area 6 yields the largest quantity of water on Oahu. It supplies 

irrigation water to the Honolulu, Oahu, and Ewa plantations. Pumpage between 1925 and 1933 ranged from 47,535,000,000 to 59,067,000,000 gallons

4 

a year. The 1935 high level of 23.72 feet in well 244, in the center of

this area, is nearly the same as that for the period 1928-34 but above 

that for the period 1923-27. It is about the same as that for 1919-21 

but below even the lowest water levels for 1916-18. It is above the 

peaks of 1913-15 but below those of 1911-12. However, the 1935 low level

of 18.46 feet was exceeded only in 1926, 1929, and 1934 during the period

of record, which began in 1910.

Water-level measurements of five wells in area 6 for 1935 follow: 

Well 190. - At pump house on Cooper estate at McGraw Peninsula,

Honolulu.Owner, Mrs. C. B. Cooper. Drilled before 1889. Altitude, 23

ft. Depth, 300 ft. Diameter, 6 in. Use, domestic. Casing, 200 ft.

Bench mark, top of flange, 3 ft. below ground on well casing; altitude,

19.73 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

25

20

22.84

20.96

Mar.

Apr.

21

25

22.77

21.28

May

June

17

19

20.55

20.01

July

Aug.

Sept

17

22

.26

20.00

19.92

20.19

Well 195. - At sharp bend in old main highway at Wainalu cut-off. 

Owner, L. L; McCandless. Altitude, 13 ft. Depth, 363 ft. Diameter, 

12 in. Use, domestic. Bench mark, top of tee 5 ft. above ground directly above center of well; altitude, 18.05 ft.

Jan. 25

Feb. 20

Mar. 21

22.26

20.40

22.21

Apr. 25

May 17

June 19

20.93

20.05

19.39

July 17

Aug. 21

Oct. 30

19.76

18.38

19.97

Dec. 26 20.69

4 Stearns, H. T., and Vaksvik, K. N., op. cit., p. 314.
52 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1955

Well 201. - About 75 yards south of Oahu Railway and Light Co. 

tracks and 200 yards east of Pearl City railroad station. Owner, Bishop 

estate. Altitude, 9 ft. Diameter, 12 in. Use, irrigation. Bench mark, 

top of upper flange 4 ft. above ground on valve; altitude, 13.17 ft.

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Jan. 25 20.67 

Feb. 20 19.77 

Mar. 22 21.57

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Apr. 25 20.09 

May 17 19.55 

June 19 18.64

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

July 17 18.55 

Aug. 21 17.91 

Sept. 26 18.19

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Oct. 50 19.50 

Dec. 26 18.97

Well 244. - At W,aipahu near water tank, about 150 yards south of 

Waipahu Theater. Owner, Bishop estate. Drilled, 1909. Altitude, 11 ft. 

Depth, 225 ft. Diameter, 12 in. Use, domestic. Casing, 58 ft. Bench 

mark, top of plate 2 ft. above ground and main valve; altitude, 12.47 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

25

21

21

22.80

21.50

25.72

Apr.

May

June

25

17

19

21.74

20.45

19.69

July

Aug.

Sept.

17

21

26

19.55

18.46

19.14

Oct.

Dec.

50

26

20.95

21.85

Well 266. - At north corner of corral at Honouliuli Ranch. Owner, 

Honouliuli Ranch. Altitude, 13 ft. Diameter, 12 in. Use, irrigation. 

Bench mark, top of blind flange 2-J ft. above ground on top of well, 

altitude, 15.16 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

24

20

21

22.87

20.48

23.40

Apr.

May

June

25

17

19

20.28

18.69

18.20

July

Aug.

Sept.

17

21

26

17.71

16.83

17.53

Oct.

Dec.

30

26

19.88

21.94

Area 7

The annual draft from area 7 during 1924-53 ranged from 8,273,000,000 

to 15,988,000,000 gallons, practically all of which was used by the Waialua 

Agricultural Co. for irrigation. The water level in area 7 reached a high 

point of 11.82 feet in well 326 in January 1955. A high level during this 

month in this area is not uncommon. This high level in 1935 was lower 

than that of any other year since 1926 except 1934, and the low level of 

10.04 feet was the lowest during the period of record, which began in 

1911. This unusual low level followed 2 years of heavy pumpage.

Well 526. - In sugar-cane field near camp about 700 yards west of 

Two Bridges, Waialua. Owner, Waialua Agricultural Co. Altitude, 6 ft. 

Diameter, 8 in. Use, irrigation. Flowing at rate of 250,000 gallons a 

day in January 1954. Bench mark, top of blind flange on well 1^ ft. below ground; altitude, 4.69 ft.

Jan. 24

Feb. 20

Apr. 25

11.82

10.82

11.01

May 15

June 20

July 17

10.59

10.04

10.15

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

21

.25

50

10.55

10.22

10.89

Dec. 26 11.42

Area 8

The draft from area 8 in 1932, the only year of practically complete records, amounted to about 27,000,000 gallons a day. Practically 

all the water is used Tsy the Kahuku Plantation Co. for irrigation. The
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 53

1935 low level of 18.66 feet in well 596 in this area is the lowest during the period of record, which began in 1911; on the other hand, only in 

1926 and 1934 has the peak stage of this well been lower than that of 

1935. In 1934 the high level was 20.04 feet, as compared to 20.59 feet in 

1935. Low levels a few tenths of a foot above that reached in 1935 occurred in 1926, 1929, 1931, 1933, and 1934.

The 1935 high level of 13.95 feet in well 356 is the lowest annual 

peak on record for this well, the next lowest being 14.41 feet in 1926. 

The low level of 11.41 feet reached in 1935 is the lowest stage on record.

Water-level measurements of three wells in this area for 1935 follow:

Well 557. - At Waialee Industrial School. Owner, Territory of Hawaii. 

Drilled, 1921, by A. H. Hobert. Altitude, 22 ft. Depth, 65 ft. Diameter, 

8 in. Depth to top of aquifer, about 48 ft. Use, emergency. Casing, 56 

ft. Bench mark, top of 4-in. tee 1 ft. below ground; altitude, 20.45 ft.

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Jan. 24 15.57 

Feb. 20 15.07 

Mar. 21 15.42

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Apr. 25 15.19 

May 15 15.29 

June 20 12.22

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

July 17 12.13 

Aug. 21 15.28 

Sept. 25 15.57

Date Head 

1955 (feet)

Oct. 50 15.71

Well 556. - Emergency pump near Kahuku sugar mill. Owner, Kahuku 

Plantation Co. Altitude, 9 ft. Use, emergency. Bench mark, top of 

vertical flange 1 ft. above ground on valve on fire hydrant; altitude, 

9.85 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

24

20

21

14.92

15.02

15.65

Apr.

May

June

25

15

20

12.61

12.09

11.41

July

Aug.

Sept

17

21

.25

11.79

11.68

11.75

Oct.

Dec.

50

26

12.87

15.95

Well 596. - 100 yards south of railroad shop at Hauula. Owner, 

Kahuku Plantation Co. Altitude, 10 ft. Diameter, 8 in. Use, industrial. 

Bench mark, top of large cap 6 ft. above ground in cross union on main 

casing; altitude, 16.36 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

24

20

21

20.50

19.98

20.59

Apr.

May

June

25

15

20

19.64

18.76

18.96

July

Aug.

Sept.

17

21

25

19.20

18.66

18.66

Oct.

Dec.

50

26

19.74

19.80

Area 10

About 200 gallons a day gravity flow from well 406 is the only 

artificial draft in area 10. Measurements of this well, begun in June 

1929, show that the low level of 14.09 feet in 1935 was exceeded by 

stages of 15.83 feet in 1929 and 13.45 feet in 1954.

Well 406. - In Kaaawa about 400 yards south of highway bridge over 

Kaaawa Stream. Owner, Mrs. F. M. Swanzy. Altitude, 10 ft. Diameter, 9 

in. Use, irrigation. Bench mark, highest point on well casing at ground; 

altitude, 10.27 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

24

20

21

14.10

14.09

14.30

Apr.

May

June

25

15

20

14.

14.

14.

63

58

55

July 17

Aug. 21

Sept. 25

14.44

14.49

14.32

Oct.

Dec.

30

26

14.42

14.62
54 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Area 12

The average daily draft from area 12 In 1933 was estimated at 

14,000,000 gallons, most of which is used for irrigation. During the period of record, which began in 1926, the high and low levels of well 308, 

in this area, were both lower in 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, and 1934 

than in 1935. They differed only slightly for the remaining years of 

record. Measurements of well 286, begun in January 1929, show that the 

water level was lower in 1929 than in 1935. This area did not show the 

effect of the drought nearly as much as the other areas pumped by plantations.

Water-level measurements of two wells in this area for 1935 follow:

Well 286. - On plantation road a quarter of a mile south of highway 

and 500 yards southwest of Mokuleia railroad station. Owner, Waialua 

Agricultural Co. Altitude, 12 ft. Diameter, 6 in. Use, irrigation. 

Recased to 6 in. in 1918. Plowing at the rate of 90,000 gallons a day 

in January 1934. Bench mark, top of 6-in. tee on well 6 in. above ground; 

altitude, 12.04 ft.

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Jan. 24 17.45 

Feb. 20 16.90 

Mar. 21 17.54

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Apr. 25 16.65 

May 15 16.57 

June 20 16.36

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

July 17 16.51 

Aug. 21 16.64 

Sept. 25 16.81

Date Head 

1935 (feet)

Oct. 30 17.47 

Dec. 26 17.55

Well 308. - About 10 ft. west of high water tank 1.6 miles east of 

Mokuleia railroad station. Owner, J. P. Mendonca. Drilled, 1924, by 

McCandless Bros. Altitude, 8 ft. Depth, 548 ft. Diameter, 10 in. top 

and 8 in. bottom. Use, irrigation. Casing 10 in. to 396 ft., 8 in. to 

440 ft. Plowing at the rate of 140,000 gallons a day in January 1934. 

Bench mark, top of ^-in. plate at ground on 12-in. tee; altitude, 8.46 ft.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

24

20

21

18.93

17.91

19.21

Apr.

May

June

25

15

20

17.88

17.96

17.82

July

Aug.

Sept.

17

21

25

18.02

18.40

18.54

Oct.

Dec.

30

26

19.45

19.07

Island of Maui

The water level in the wells of the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. 

at the end of 1935 stood about 10 inches below the level at the beginning 

of the pumping season and several inches above the level at the end of 

the pumping season of 1933. On Maui 1933 was drier than 1926. On the 

leeward side of West Maui the Pioneer Mill Co. had to deepen the floor 

of some of the tunnels because of the drought of 1935. However, these 

tunnels are only a year or two old; hence previous water levels are unknown at these places.

The water level in the wells of the Maui Agricultural Co. at Paia 

did not show appreciable change in 1935 from that in 1934, according to 

J. H. Poss. Two wells of the Maui type have been completed within the
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 55

last few years near Pala. Additional tunneling has been done at the mill 

and the Lower Paia wells, because their salt content increased with the 

drought of 1933 and the draft from the new wells.

During 1935 surplus surface irrigation water was run into leaky 

reservoirs and down gulches for the first time, in order to recharge 

artificially the ground-water reservoir underlying Paia. It appears that 

this artificial recharge was successful in preventing a decline of the 

water levels in these wells.
IDAHO

About the beginning of the present century a notable series of recon1 

rialssanee surveys was made by Russell in the lava-covered region of the

Northwest, including the Snake River Plain and other parts of Idaho. 

These early reports contain fragmentary but nevertheless valuable information on wells and ground-water levels. Some information on ground

water and water levels ia also given in the geologic folios prepared in

2 

this early period by Waldemar Llndgren and N. P. Drake.

Systematic measurements of ground-water levels in Idaho were begun 

about 1912 by the United States Reclamation Service in connection with 

drainage problems on the Minidoka and Boise projects. In subsequent 

years similar measurements were made by other agencies, including the 

United States Geological Survey, in different parts of the State, in 

connection with studies of water supply and drainage. In some areas 

periodic measurements have been made for several years, but in most of 

the areas the measurements were incidental to making maps of the water 

table, and hence only one or two measurements on a well were obtained.

In 1921 a general field study of ground-water conditions and 

problems in southern Idaho was made by 0. E. Meinzer, and extensive 

ground-water investigations were begun under his direction in cooperation with the Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology and the Idaho Department 

of Reclamation. These investigations included a large number of accurate 

measurements of water levels in wells, with periodic measurements in 

numerous wells that were selected as observation wells.

The most intensive work begun in 1921 was in the Mud Lake area, 

by H. T. Stearns and L. L. Bryan. Progress reports on the investigation 

in this area were issued In mimeographed form in 1922 and in several 

subsequent years. A report published in Water-Supply Paper 560 in 1925 

summarizes the principal results up to March 1924 and includes hydrographs showing the fluctuation of the water levels in 8 wells. The

1 Russell, I. C., Geology and water resources of the Snake River 

Plains of Idaho! U0 S. Geol. Survey Bull. 199, 1902; Geolpgy and water 

resources of Nez Perce County, Idaho, pt. 1: U. S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Paper 53, 1901 Geology and water resources of Nez Perce County, 

Idaho, pt. 2s U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 54, 1901; Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern 

Oregon: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 78, 1903.

2 Lindgren, Waldemar, U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas. Polio 45, 

1898. Lindgren. Waldemar, and Drake, N. P., idem, Polios IDS and 104. 

1904.

56
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 57

complete report, including a few hundred well records and a few thousand 

water-level measurements, has been released to the public in typewritten 

form. The records of the wells and water levels are included in WaterSupply Paper 775, which is now in press.

Less intensive ground-water investigations were made in other areas 

in 1921 and subsequent years by A. M. Piper and others. Some of these 

investigations were made in cooperation and others Independently by the 

Bureau of Mines and Geology. Most of them included considerable accurate water-level work. These investigations led to the preparation 

of a series of reports, most of which have been published by the Bureau 

of Mines and Geology, as follows:

Piper, A. M., Geology and water resources of the Goose Creek Basin, 

Cassia County, Idaho: Bull. 6, 1923.

Stearns, H. T., Craters of the Moon National Monument: Bull. 13, 

1928.

Laney, P. B., Kirkham, V. R. D., and Piper, A. M., Ground-water 

supply at Moscow, Idaho: Pamph. 8, 1923.

Meinzer, 0. E., Ground water in Pahsimeroi Valley, Idaho: Pamph. 

9, 1924.

Piper, A. M., Geology and water resources of the Bruneau River 

Basin, Owyhee County, Idaho; Pamph. 11, (1924?).

Piper, A. M., Ground water for irrigation on Camas Prairie: 

Pamph. 15, 1925.

Piper, A. M., and Kirkham, V. R. D., Ground water for municipal 

supply at Idaho Palls, Idaho: Pamph. 16, 1926.

Kirkham, V. R. D., Ground water for municipal supply at St. Maries, 

Idaho: Pamph. 17, 1926.

Kirkham, V. R. D., Ground water for municipal supply at Potlatch, 

Idaho? Pamph. 23, 1927.

Kirkham, V. R. D., Underground water resources in the vicinity of 

Orofino, Idaho, and of Lapwai, Idaho: Pamph. 24, 1927.

A comprehensive investigation of the ground-water conditions of the 

Snake River Plain and tributary drainage basins in southern Idaho was 

begun in 1928 by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with 

the Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology and the Idaho Department of 

Reclamation. There was also cooperation, through the Idaho Department 

of Reclamation, by the North Side Canal Co., the Twin Palls Canal Co., 

the Minidoka Irrigation District, the Burley Irrigation District, and 

the Idaho Power Co, The field work of this investigation was completed 

in 1930. Data and conclusions obtained in this Investigation have from 

time to time been released to the public in typewritten, mimeographed, 

or photostat form, in order to make the results available as promptly 

as possible prior to publication. The complete report by H. T. Stearns, 

Lynn Crandall, and W. G. Steward was released in typewritten form with 

a mimeographed memorandum issued July 17, 1934. Previous releases have 

been made as follows:
58 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

April 25, 1929. Ground water for irrigation in Raft River Valley, 

Idaho. Mimeographed memorandum. Complete report released in typewritten 

form.

August 15, 1929. Ground water in southern Idaho. Mimeographed 

memorandum releasing maps showing contours of the water table in the 

region, with the location of the wells in which the measurements were obtained.

May 24, 1930. Ground water in Little Lost River Valley, Idaho. 

Mimeographed memorandum in regard to the drilling of test wells to determine the number and character of the water-bearing beds and the direction 

of underflow. Typewritten copies of the report giving the results of 

this investigation were also released.

June 23, 1930. .Ground water in Big Lost River Valley, Idaho. Mimeographed memorandum in regard to test-well drilling to determine the possobility of recovering ground water in this area. The results of the 

observations on these test wells and study of the records of stream flow 

were released in typewritten form.

September 5, 1930. Ground water in southern Idaho. Mimeographed 

memorandum releasing the unpublished final map showing contours of the 

water table, and hence the direction of movement of the ground water under 

the Snake River Plain, and the location of the wells from which the 

measurements were obtained.

August 7, 1931. Records of wells in southern Idaho released by the 

United States Geological Survey. Mimeographed memorandum in regard to 

records obtained as to the depth to the water level in a large number of 

wells, and the altitude of the water level in many of them as determined 

by instrumental leveling. Copies of these tabulated records were released in typewritten form.

October 5, 1931. Loss and gain of water in the Snake River between 

Heise and King Hill, Idaho. Mimeographed memorandum releasing the chapter 

relating to the loss or gain of the Snake Riverain successive stretches 

from Heise to King Hill and also of the Henrys Pork of the Snake River.

February 25, 1932. Inventory of the water supply on the Snake River 

Plain in southeastern Idaho. Mimeographed memorandum giving a general 

inventory of the water supply of this region from 1920 to 1927; also 

gives conclusions as to the economic use of the water.

The final report on the geology «nd ground-water resources of the 

Snake River Plain in southeastern Idaho and tributary basins is to be 

published as Water-Supply Paper 774. The records of about 4,000 wells 

and the records of about 20,000 measurements of the water levels in them 

is in press as Water-Supply Paper 775. Unfortunately it has not been 

possible to continue the program of periodic measurements in the Snake 

River Plain in recent years. Irrigation projects affected by drainage 

troubles have continued to obtain records of fluctuations in the water 

table, usually making occasional measurements at certain selected wells 

each year. Such records have been kept on the Minidoka and Twin Palls 

projects and possibly elsewhere.

An investigation of the Kootenai Valley, in the northern extremity 

of Idaho, was begun by the United States Geological Survey in 1928 to 

determine the effects of regulating the flow of the Kootenai River on 

the drainage outlets and the effects of the river on the water table. 

Records of the stream flow and ground-water levels were obtained in 

order that natural water-table conditions in each district might be 

well established and understood and that the best possible predictions 

might be made of the effects of the regulated river on the water table. 

The depths to the water levels have been measured regularly in about 300
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 59

wells since March 1930. In 1935 measurements were made about monthly on 

these wells and automatic water-stage recorders were operated on two 

wells. A network of levels to the wells was re-run during September and 

October. The water-level records are on file with the International 

Joint Commission. Several manuscript reports have been prepared on this 

investigation by T. R. Newell, district engineer of the United States 

Geological Survey, for presentation to the .International Joint Commission.

In 1931 an investigation of the ground-water conditions in Malad 

and Curlew Valleys, in Oneida County, was made by D. G. Thompson through 

cooperation with the Idaho Department of Reclamation. This investigation 

included the measurement of water levels in a considerable number of 

wells. A typewritten report on the results of the investigation was released to the public with a mimeographed memorandum on May 7, 1932.

The Geological Survey and local geologists were employed in southern 

Idaho during the activities incident to the drought year of 1934. Advice 

was sought by the Emergency Drought Committee in locating sites for wells. 

G. A. Waring, of the Geological Survey, William Petersen, of the Utah 

Agricultural College, and T. H. Kite, of Idaho, made special studies in 

this connection. The Geological Survey, through the Grazing Division, 

later assigned Mr. Waring to do geologic work in selecting locations for 

wells in Federal grazing districts. Water-level measurements were also 

made in connection with a study of the possibilities of pumping from 

wells in Boise Valley to develop supplemental irrigation supplies, 

initiated by the State Water Conservation Board in cooperation with the 

United States Bureau of Reclamation.

It is reported that the ground-water levels in the southern part of 

the State generally reached their lowest stage in the early spring of 

1935, following 6 years of deficient run-off that culminated in the 

drought of 1934. A moderate restoration of water levels occurred later 

in 1935 but was insufficient to bring the water table back to its 

earlier levels. The northern part of the State, which was not so adversely affected by the drought of 1934, showed less change during-1935.

Pour of the observation wells on which weekly measurements have 

been made since 1934 in the Palouse River area of the United States Soil 

Conservation Service are in Idaho, the others being in Washington. 

(See under Washington.)
INDIANA 

By R. C. Cady

During the summer of 1935 the United States Geological Survey and 

the State Department of Conservation of Indiana cooperated in the establishment of an observation well program. Under the agreement the 

writer, in cooperation with J. P. Kerr, assistant State geologist, located 87 wells that were deemed suitable for periodic measurements of 

the fluctuations of the water level. Arrangements to carry on these 

measurements semimonthly were made with the State Department of Conservation, United States Soil Conservation Service, United States Bureau 

of Agricultural Engineering, United States Bureau of Fisheries, Indianapolis Department of Sanitation, Indianapolis Water Co., and 16 

municipal water departments having wells suitable for observation in 

their systems. Satisfactory records are being obtained on 73 wells. 

The records of most of the wells began on October 15, 1935, but some 

wells in Indianapolis have been measured for some time in the past. 

In many localities the program of measurements has been carried on 

without interruption, but in others the severe winter weather has 

interfered. One automatic water-stage recorder has been installed.

All the observation wells are situated in the North-Central DriftPaleozoic ground-water province. This province is characterized by 

glacial drift ranging in thickness from only a few feet to 100 or 200 

feet, resting on relatively undisturbed sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic 

age. The wells that are being measured include dug, driven, jetted, 

and drilled wells. Most of them are less than 50 feet deep, but some 

are between 50 and 100 feet deep, and 16 are more than 100 feet deep, 

including one well 800 feet deep and another 1,700 feet deep. Most of 

the shallow wells and some of the wells over 100 feet deep penetrate 

glacial drift without entering bedrock. Only about one-third of all 

the wells under observation enter the bedrock. The rock formation most 

extensively and successfully used as a source of water supply in the area 

is the Niagara limestone. Only a few of the observation wells exhibit 

any marked degree of artesian pressure. About 20 wells show the effect 

of steady or casual pumping, either from nearby wells or from the observation wells themselves.

60
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 61

During the period, from October 15 or November 1, 1935, to February 1 

or February 15, 1936, the water level in 18 wells rose an average net distance of about 1.9 feet, and the greatest authenticated rise was 4.2 feet. 

Two wells showed some fluctuation but practically no net rise, and two 

wells showed a net decline for the period one of 0.8 foot and the 

other of 1.16 feet. Records of the other wells are not yet available. 

Wells less than 50 feet deep showed an average rise of 1.8 feet, whereas 

one of the two wells between 50 and 100 feet deep showed a rise of 0.9 

foot and the other showed a decline of 0.8 foot. The two wells over 100 

feet deep showed net rises of 0.5 and 0.2 foot respectively. Of the 

wells less than 50 feet deep, those that showed a net rise of 3 feet or 

more are less than 25 feet deep, and of the four wells that showed no 

rise or a net loss, three are about 50 feet or more deep. Thus the 

water levels have in general risen more in the shallow wells than in the 

deeper ones. Moreover, the fluctuations in the deeper wells may be due 

to some extent to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. Most of the 

wells, especially the shallow wells, showed a rise during the autumn but" 

a decline after freezing weather set in. 

77056 O 36 5
IOWA AND MISSOURI 

TARKIO CREEK AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was begun In April 1934 In the Tarklo 

Creek area In Atchison County, Mo., and Page and Montgomery Counties, 

Iowa, by the Geological Survey In cooperation with the Soil Conservation 

Service. Measurements have been made on 17 wells, but the records of 

only 15 are Included In this report, two wells used for domestic supplies being omitted. Of the 15 wells 13 are In Iowa and the other 2 In 

Missouri. The measurements are made by employees of both the cooperating agencies. A water-stage recorder has been kept on well 1, In 

Atchlson County, Mo., since the beginning of the project, and another 

recorder has been moved from well to well In order to learn the behavior of all wells for short periods. Weekly tape measurements have 

been made on all the wells. A total of 1,400 measurements were made on 

these wells from the beginning of the project to January 1, 1936, of 

which 830 were made during 1935 an average of 49 measurements to the 

well.

Six of the wells (3, 7, 12, 14, 16, and 17) are dug wells and the 

other nine (l, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 15) are bored wells. The 

dug wells are cased with brick or rock, and the bored wells with tile. 

The wells range from 18 to 63 feet In depth, and most of them penetrate 

alluvium or loess and glacial drift. The bedrock is in general of upper 

Pennsylvanian age. The depth to the water levels ranges from about 5 

to 45 feet. The wells are essentially water-table wells, and those included In this report are not appreciably affected by withdrawals. Only 

the measurements that were nearest to the first of each month are given 

in the following table. The method of expressing the results of these 

measurements is explained in the Introduction to this report. The 

depth to the water level on any date can be obtained by subtracting the 

altitude of the water level, as given in the second table, from the 

altitude of the measuring point, as given In the first table. The 

average of the measurements on all the wells for each date Is given in 

the last column of the second table.

The effects of the rains that followed the severe drought of 1934 

are reflected in the water levels, which for the most part represent 

replenishment of the underground reservoir. During the summer and fall 

62
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936 63

of 1935 the water table stood consistently higher than In corresponding 

seasons in 1934. The average level was 3 feet higher on July 1, 1935, 

than on the same or nearly the same date in 1934. Few measurements 

could be made on December 31, 1935, but on December 24, 1935, the water 

level averaged 1.61 feet higher than on December 29, 1934.

The water table declined gradually during the very dry spring and 

summer of 1934 and averaged about 1 foot lower in September and October 

than in May. The moderately abundant rains in the fall of 1934 produced 

some ground-water recharge, so that at the end of the year the water table 

was restored nearly to the average level at which it stood in May, when 

the first measurements were made. Very little rain or snow fell during 

the 5 months from December 1934 to April 1935. Therefore, although this 

is the period when vegetation makes almost, no draft on the soil moisture 

and ground water, the water table remained virtually stationary. In May 

and June 1935 heavy rainfall occurred. Consequently, although in these 

months there is always considerable draft by vegetation, the water table 

rose about 2 feet in each month, and at the beginning of July it stood 

about 4 feet higher than in the winter. During the rest of the year the 

rainfall was only moderate, and accordingly the water table declined 

somewhat more than 2 feet during the remainder of the growing season and 

then remained nearly constant to the end of the year.

Wells in the Tarklo Creek area, in Page and Montgomery Counties,

Iowa, and Atchison County, Mo.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum..)

ffell

no.

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

9

10

Owner and location

W. R. Marshall, NW-JlTBj sec. 13,

T. 66 N., R. 40 W.

H. W. Klutas, SW^-SW^ aec. 1,

T. 66 N., R. 40 W.

John Smith, NE-JSEj sec. 35,

T. 68 N.,- R. 39 W.

John Toft, SW|BW£ sec. 7,

T. 68 N., R. 38 W.

T. Slickerveer, SW^SWi sec. 18,

T. 69 N., R. 38 W.

E. P. Holquist, SE^SEf sec. 11,

T. 71 N., R. 38 W. 

R. Stonelling, SW^SW^ sec. 4,

T. 72 N., R. 37 W.

Elmer Oakleaf, NW^SE^ sec. 8,

T. 71 N., R. 37 W. 

R, Palmqulst, NEjSEi sec. 17,

T. 70 N., R-. 37 W.

Depth

(feet)

29

21

39

. ,

50

28

22

49

40

Diameter

(inches)

12

12

48

12

12

36

12

12

12

Depth

to

water

level

(feet)

17.53

10.73

32.63

16.20

8.74

24.65

21.45

40.68

26.94

Height

of

measuring

point

(feet)

27.53

20.73

42.63

26.20

18.74

34.65

31.45

50.68

36.94
64 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Wells in the Tarklo Creek area - Continued

Well 

no.

11

12

14

15

16

17

Owner and location * Depth 

( feet)

R. Palmqulst, SE^SEi sec. 1Y,

T. 70 N., R. 37 W.

Amll Wlndhorst, NW^SW^ sec. 20,

T. 69 N.. R. 37 W. 

Floyd Hoskins, SE^SEi? sec. 19,

T. 68 N., R. 38 W.

Metropolitan Life Insurance

Co., NEiNWi sec. 21,

T. 67 N., R. 38 W.

Metropolitan Life Insurance

Co., NE-J-SE-jf sec. 20,

T. 67 N., R. 38 W.

Albert Nordholm, SW-JSE-J sec. 20,

T. 67 N., R. 38 W.

26

63

33

29

18

20

Depth 

to 

Diameter water 

(inches) level 

( feet)

12 7.61

36 37.08

36 29.24

12 10.18

36 15.90

36 17.52

Height 

of 

measuring 

point 

( feet)

17.61

47.08

39.24

20.18

25.90

27.52

Water levels in wells in the Tarkio Creek area in Iowa and Missouri, 

in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date 12356789

1934

May 8

31

June 28

Aug. 2

29

Oct. 4

31

Nov. 21-23

Dec. 29

1935

Jan. 29-

Peb. 1

Feb. 25-28

Apr. 1-3

Apr. 29-

May 2

June 4-5

July 2-3

July 30-31

Sept. 2-3

Sept. 30-

Oct. 1

Oct. 28-29

Nov. 25-26

Dec. 24

Dec. 30-31

9.48

9.16

8.90

9;25

9.54

10.06

9.94

9 . RA o*±

9 nVOQQ

9.79

12.83

14.48

14.89

14.87

13.62

13.12

13.27

13.29

13.24

10.53

10.14

9.15

7.56

6.50

6.82

7.79

8.42

9.98

10.35

10.50

1 f\ on J.U * O*£

10.87

11.75

12.40

11.96

11.50

11.16

11.21

11.49

11.57

11.53

10.89

10.68

10.46

10.20

10.03

9.84

9.80

9.73

10.01

9.64

9 n\j(*t ^? 

9 Af) ^6

9.31

13.66

17.03

17.32

16.48

15.11

13.90

14.54

14.30

9.74

10.06

9.72

9.22

8.92

9.03

9.12

9.23

10.05

9.35

9 . J-" 1 4. 

9.09

8.85

12.31

13.09

11.29

9.00

8.57

8.29

8.92

9.25

11.06

10.91

10.61

10.27

10.06

10.03

10.03

10.01

10.02

9.74

9.90

7,85

8.40

11.74

10.73

9.25

8.77

8.59

9.03

9.36

9.11

9.07

9.03

8.95

8.89

8.97

9.12

9.35

10.00

9.76

9.50

9.36

11.68

.....

12,29

11.27

10.51

10.26

.....

10.03

9.89

16.44

13.53

11.95

11.15

10.90

10.60

9.95

12.51

16.54

17.06

18.90

21.56

20.35

16.93

15.40

18.93

19.60

19.78

19.66

12.96

12.69

12.02

11.15

10.40

10.03

9.94

9.98

10.17

9.67

9.63

9.09

9.71

15.21

18.71

17.58

14.42

12.00

0 0

11.59

11.68

Date 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 Average

19;

Mav

Aug. 

Oct.

Nov. 

Dec,

54 

8

31

28

2 

29 

4 

31 

21-23 

29

10.38

10.28

10.14 

10.06 

9.95 

9.90 

9.91 

10.00

9

9

9 

8

8 

8 

8 

10

.96

.82

.42 

.76 

.12 

.14 

.86 

.01

9.20 

8.57 

8.52 

8.81 

9.11 

9.98

8.43 

8.32 

8.40 

8.63 

8.73 

9.99

10.

10.

10.

9. 

8. 

8. 

8. 

9. 

10.

87

RR

OR

16 

57 

43 

89 

43 

13

9.74

9.77

9.59

9.27 

9.00 

8.82 

9.10 

9.25 

10.02

9.52

9.40

9.18

8.88 

8.67 

9.03 

9.42 

9.55 

10.02

10.18

10.35

10.59

9.71 

9.24 

9,09 

9.26 

9.44 

10.01
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 65 

Water levels in wells in the Tarkio Creek area - Continued

Date

1955

Jan. 29-

Feb. 1

Feb. 25-28

Apr. 1-5

Apr. 29-

'May 2

June 4-5

July 2-5

July 50-51

Sept. 2-5

Sept. 50-

Oct. 1

Oct. 28-29

Now. 25-26

Dec. 24

10

10.05

10.03

10.15

10.10

10.20

10.65

11.02

10.84

10.94

10.93

11.11

11.36

11

9.89

10.17

10.27

10.15

11.01

11.31

10.82

9.92

9.48

9.98

10.52

11.06

12

10.26

10.11

9.57

11.32

13.33

13.30

12.99

12.99

12.62

12.68

13.41

14

9.39

11.94

11.79

9.68

12.92

16.60

16.59

15.52

14.30

14.34

12.88

12.42

15

9.68

9.66

9.74

6.95

10.92

10.90

9.30

7.76

7.07

7.09

7.12

7.14

16

8.30

9.54

9.59

9.50

12.20

14.68

12.32

10.66

9.92

9.60

9.81

9.98

17

9.86

9.52

9.54

9.32

11.34

11.03

10.80

10.27

9.92

9.87

9.92

9.85

Average

9.92

9.95

10.55

9.86

11.94

13.85

13.44

12.52

11.48

11.58

11.60

11.62
KANSAS 

LIMESTONE CREEK AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started In the Limestone Creek 

area, In Jewe^l County, near Mankato, Kans., during the spring of 1934 

by the Geological Survey In cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service. This area lies In the ground-water province known as the Great 

Plains Pliocene-Cretaceous. Thirty wells were originally selected for 

measurements, but as the Investigation progressed new wells were added 

and several of the original wells were abandoned. A total of 52 wells 

are now being measured, but the records of only 24 are Included In the 

following tables. Most of the wells that are not Included were affected 

by seepage from nearby reservoirs or have been only recently selected. 

As a i*ule measurements were made on all wells once a week. A total of 

about 4,000 measurements were made on all the wells from the beginning 

of the program to January 1, 1936. About 2,300 of these measurements 

were made during 1935, an average of 50 measurements to the well during 

the year. Ten water-stage recorders have been used In this area, one 

of which has been In operation on well 30 since August 1934 and one on 

each of wells 34, 42, 49, and 51 since October 1934. The other automatic recorders have been shifted about In order to get records for 

short periods on all the wells. Only the records of measurements that 

were made nearest to the first of each month are given In this report. 

The method of expressing the results of the measurements Is explained 

In the Introduction to the report.

The wells for which data were available ranged In depth from 19 to 

88 feet. They are essentially water-table wells, acme of which penetrate 

thin alluvium in small valleys and others penetrate limy shale of the 

Niobrara formation or the Benton shale both of Upper Cretaceous age. 

The depth to the water levels in the wells ranged from about 10 to 80 

feet. A few of the wells were pumped occasionally to check the recovery 

of the water levels, but otherwise there was no pumping from these wells. 

No measurements are given in this report that were made after the wells 

had been pumped and before the water table had fully recovered. The 

measuring point for nearly every well was the top of the board cover 

over the well. Each measuring point was Instrumentally tied in with a

bench mark established near the well. 

66
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 67

The average altitudes of the water levels in this area can be 

closely correlated with the precipitation. According to records of the 

United States Weather Bureau, covering the period 1901-33, the mean annual -precipitation at Burr Oak Is 24.68 inches, of which 18.75 inches 

occurs from April to September. Prom September 1933 to April 1935 the 

precipitation was very light. The rainfall from April to September 1934 

was only 9.02 inches, or less than half the normal. There was not sufficient moisture to supply the needs of the vegetation, and only a minor 

amount of ground-water recharge occurred. Hence, with minor exceptions, 

the water levels declined gradually from the time the initial measurements were made, In March, April, or May 1934, until the end of April 

1935, the average decline being about 1.8 feet during this period in the 

24 wells for which records are given in the tables.

In May 1935 the rainfall at 26 stations in the Limestone Creek area 

ranged from 6.64 to 12.27 inches and averaged 9.36 inches, in contrast 

to the 33-year normal of 3.77 inches for May at Burr Oak. The water 

levels in the observation wells accordingly rose an average of 0.92 foot 

in May and 1.63 feet in June. In the last 6 months of 1935 the precipitation was not far from normal. However, in July it was very light, 

whereas in August it was nearly twice the normal. The water levels declined slightly in July and August but rose 0.56 foot in September and 

also rose substantially in October, November, and December. Thus at the 

end of 1935 the water levels averaged about 3.36 feet higher than at the 

beginning of the year and fully 1.5 feet higher than in the spring of 

1934, when observations were commenced.

Wells in the Limestone Creek area in Jewell County, Kans.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

2

2a

4

6

8

12

14

Owner and location

E. E. Lewis, NE^NEj lot 1, sec. 6,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

do.

S. B. Brown, NE^NE^ sec. 5,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

H. C. Doud, SEjSW-J sec. 5,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W. 

Prank Zadina, SWfSW-J see. 17,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

M. W. Howe, lot 4, see. 30,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

C. Walker, SE-JSE^ sec. 24,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

Depth 

(feet)

71

^ 9

53

50

75

88

63

Depth to 

water 

level 

( feet)

46.25

49.50

48.58

45.73

68.05

77.00

46.48

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet)

56.25

59.50

58.58

55.73

78.06

87.00

56.48
68 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Wells in the Limestone Creek area in Jewell County - Continued

Well 

no.

16

18

22

24

25

27

28

30

31

40

41

42

44

45

48

49

50

Depth 

Owner and location (feet)

G. N. Sorrell, NW-|NWi sec. 26,

T. 4 S., R. 9 W.

Martin Johaneck, SE^-SW-J sec. 29,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

Meyer Miles, NE-| sec. 10,

T. 5 S., R. 9 W.

J. N. Sorrell, SE^SW-J sec. 29,

T. 5 S., R. 9 W.

J. N. Sorrell, NW^NW^ sec. 29,

T. 5 S., R. 9 W.

Darius Henningsen, lot 16, sec. 31,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

do.

Fred Van Wey, SW-J sec. 28,

T. 4 S., R. 9 W.

Bernard Sawyer, SE^-SW-| sec. 1

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

R. L. McDaniel, SE^NW-J sec. 15,

T. 4 S., R. 9 W.

Walter Dietz, SW^ sec. 6,

To 5 S., R. 9 W.

L. Lowdennilk, NW-|NE|- sec. 27,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

Everett Gimple, SEjSW-| sec. 13,

T. 4 S., R. 9 W.

Victor Yapp, SW-g-SEi sec. 24,

T. 4 S., R. 10 W.

Prank Rogers, SE^SW-g- sec. 23,

T. 4 S., R. 10 W.

E. Underwood, SW-|NE-| sec. 5,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

E. Strom, SW-g-lW-g- of SE^ sec. 31,

T. 3 S., R. 9 W.

39

45

39

19

31

47

42

50

58

45

24

36

37

38

39

57

50

Depth to 

water 

level 

(feet)

32.81

31.88

28.16

13.30

16.47

41.84

40.14

42.54

48.35

43.48

27.57

31.36

23.96

31.93

28.06

41.60

36.62

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet)

42.81

41.88

38.16

23.30

26.47

51.84

50.14

52.54

58.35

53.48

37.57

41.36

33.96

41.93

38.06

51.60

46.62

Water levels in wells in the Limestone Creek area in 

Jewell County. Kans.. in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date 2a 8 12 14 16 18

1934

Mar. 19-21

May 7-9

May 31-

June 1

July 3-4

Aug. 2-6

Aug. 29-30

Oct. 4-5

Nov. 1-3

Nov. 28-

Dec. 1

1935

Jan. 3-5

Jan. 31-

Feb. 2

Feb. 28-

Mar. 2

Mar. 28-30

May 2-4

May 30-

June 4

July 1-5

Aug. 1-2

Aug. 29-31

Oct. 3-4

12.56

10.93

9.97

10.75

10.60

10.58

10.37

10.14

10.17

9 0 90

9.82

9.67

9.48

9.06

8.99

9.26

10.10

10.13

10.28

9 m

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

8

 

.58

.47

.29

.16

.98

.82

.68

.71

.44

.12

.11

.98

10.

12.

12.

12.

9.

8.

10.

10.

10.

10.

9.

9.

9.

9.

9.

10.

14.

15.

15.

83

86

63

33

32

60

60

55

41

08

81

75

52

14

07

57

42

23

04

1 J-tj V o^cO A"S

11.30

11.17

11.07

10 ', 59

10.37

10.20

10.10

9.99

9.88

9.84

9.79

8.66

9.56

9.69

9.63

9.66

9.85

12.91

11.98

11.67

11.06

10.81

8.65

9.96

11.10

10.12

9.99

9.80

9.59

9.38

9.10

8.92

8.97

9.65

11.10

15.21

12.56

12.16

11.96

11.68

11.40

10.90

10.65

10.43

10.24

9.98

9.81

9.65

9.46

9.25

9.16

10.61

11.84

12.29

13.81

8.79

10.10

9.23

9.46

9.63

9.55

9.72

9.83

9.92

10.00

10.04

10.05

10.07

10.10

10.22

10.28

10.32

10.34

10.39

12.66

12.10

11.30

10.33

9.29

8.99

9.09

9.55

9.86

10.00

10.09

10.14

10.11

9.98

10.56

12.07

10.09

9.70

12.72

11.91

12.36

11.82

11.01

10.28

9.86

9.77

9.99

10.00

9.97

9.90

9.95

9.51

10.08

11.00

10.86

10.33

12.00
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 69 

Water levels in wells in the Limestone Creek area - Continued

Date

1935 

Oct. 31- 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 29 

1936 

Jan. 2-3

Date

1934 

Mar. 19-21

May 7-9

May 31-

July 3-4

Aug. 2-6 

Aug. 29-30 

Oct. 4-5 

Nov. 1-3 

Nov. 28- 

Dec. 1 

1935 

Jan. 3-5 

Jan. 31- 

Peb. 2 

Feb. 28- 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 28-30 

May 2-4

May 30- 

June 4 

July 1-5 

Aug. 1-2 

Aug. 29-31 

Oct. 3-4 

Oct. 31- 

Nov. 1 

No-s. 29 

1936 

Jan. 2-3

Date

1934 

Mar. 19-21

May 7-9

May 31-

July 3-4

Aug. 2-6

Aug. 29-30 

Oct. 4-5 

Nov. 1-3 

Nov. 28- 

Dec. 1

1935 

Jan. 3-5

Jan. 31- 

Peb. 2 

Feb. 28- 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 28-30 

May 2-4 

May 30- 

June 4 

July 1-5 

Aug. 1-2

2

10.28 

10.26

10.39

22

11.14

10.77

10.41

10.00

9.59 

10.02 

9.89 

9.87

9.94 

9.99 

9.99

9.98 

9.94

12.04 

12.32 

11.46 

11.34 

12.63

12.66 

12.65

13.11

42

10.81

10.43 

10.18 

10.13

10.11

10.06

9.99

10.02 

10.96 

9.87

12.48 

14.83 

13.56

2a

8.94 

8.82

8.64

24

11.11

10.95

10.87

11.43

10.95 

10.62 

10.49 

10.34

10.20 

9.99 

9.42

9.76 

9.53

9 A**

9.59 

10.66 

10.98 

10.50 

9.52

9.07 

8.73

8.40

44

12.77

13.22 

12.37 

12.39

11.61

9.67

8.93

8.65 

8.76 

8.53

11.37 

12.88 

10.76

4

14.94 

14.88

14.63

25

10.38

10.34

10.11

11.39

10.43 

10.21 

10.22 

10.18

10.19 

9.99 

9.78

9.15 

9.59 

9.51

9.55 

11.09 

11.55 

11.32 

12 .50

12.21 

11.98

11.68

45

10.83

10.47 

10.14 

10.04

9.93

10.00

10.08

10.16 

10.23 

10.18

12.58 

13.73 

12.32

6

9.89 

9.87

9.80

27

14.17

12.46

11.14 

10.70 

10.30 

10.09

10.09 

9.99 

9.91

9.82 

9.75 

9.66

13.42 

14.78 

13.76 

13.12 

15.01

14.73 

14.67

14.75

48

9.96

9.48 

9.11 

8.89

9.14

10.03

10.59

10.92 

10.95 

10.88

13.26 

13.63 

12.68

8

16.11 

17.15

17.93

28

11.08

10.99

10.88

10.75 

10.60 

10.40 

10.25

10.13 

9.99 

9.90

9.79 

9.62

9.44 

11.08 

9.34 

9.25 

10.80

11.35 

11.56

11.71

49

13.75 

13.19 

12.55

11.19

11.33 

11.33 

11.10

11.42 

26.41 

25.88

12

14.19 

14.18

13.83

30

13.53

9.94

9.20 

8.91 

8.67 

9.38

9.76 

10.06 

10.19

10.35 

10.61 

10.58

12.00 

11.72 

10.50 

10.15 

11.64

11.95 

12.38

12.77

50

10.83 

10.35 

10.07

9.97

10.00

10.14

10.25 

10.22 

10.25

10.88 

12.89 

12.62

10 

10

10

in

10

10 

10 

10 

10

10 

9 

9

9 

9 

9

9 

11 

12 

12 

12

12 

12

11

14

.44 

.45

.47

31

nRO

.63

.49 

.34 

.31 

.26

.17 

.99 

.84

.68 

.65 

.HO

.70 

.27 

.16 

.14 

.17

.13 

.04

.92

Ave

11

n

n

10

10

10 

10 

10

10

9

9

9 

9 

9

10 

12 

11

1

14. 

15.

15.

4

10. 

10. 

10. 

10.

10. 

9. 

9.

9. 

9. 

10.

9. 

9. 

9. 

9. 

9.

9. 

10.

10.

rage

crt

fiP

,2R

.Rfi

.44

.36 

.27 

.25

.09

.99

.96

.92 

.94 

.71

.63 

.26 

.88

6

17 

15

32

:0

14

07 

00 

04

03 

99 

88

88 

94 

04

85 

80 

93 

77 

87

91 

05

11

18

12.67 

13.50

14.29

41

10.59 

10.16 

9.78 

9.64

9.87 

10.01 

10.06

10.09 

10.10 

10.00

10.39 

12.42 

11.63 

11.07 

13.45

13.27 

13.41

13.68
70 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE

Water levels in wells in the Limestone Creek area - Continued

Date

1935 

Aug. 29-31 

Oct. 3-4

Oct. 31- 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 29

42

13.23 

13.88

13.61 

13.50

44

10.55 

11.06

11.28 

12.41

45

11.59 

14.16

14.40 

14.65

48

12.04

13.13

13.60 

14.32

49

24.64

24.59 

24.22

50

12.11 

13.82

14.07 

13.75

Average

11.69 

12.25

12.93 

13.10

1936 

Jan. 2-3 13.49 14.02 14.94 14.96 23.89 15.76 15.35
MICHIGAN 

By V. T. Strlngfleld

The present program of measurements of ground-water levels In 

Michigan was started In the fall of 1932, when the Geological Survey 

division of the Michigan Department of Conservation, In cooperation with 

the United States Geological Survey, began an Investigation In Roscommon 

County to determine the areas In which ground water la available In sufficient quantity at depths of 20 feet or less, ao that wells may be 

developed when needed for effective use in checking and suppressing 

foreat fires. That work involved the construction of numerous observation wells. The Michigan Forest Fire Experiment Station, under the 

supervision of 0. I. Stewart, director, demonstrated through experimental 

tests that such work Is feasible and throughout the investigation has 

cooperated in developing equipment and technique for this work. During 

the Tall of 1932 measurements of ground-water levels were made in four 

townships of Roscommon County by S. W. Lohman, of the Federal Survey, 

and A. W. Bergquist, of the State Survey. Ronald Bird, of the Michigan 

Department of Conservation, made water-level observations during the 

winter of 1932-33.

In the spring of 1933 a program of forest conservation and development was undertaken by the Federal Government through the organization 

of Civilian Conservation Corps camps In the forested areas of Michigan. 

Field parties, each consisting of six or seven Civilian Conservation 

Corps men, were organized and began the construction of wells in several 

counties. A geologist of the State Geological Survey was placed in 

charge of each party. This program of construction of test wells was 

made possible by technical advice from G. I. Stewart, director of the 

Michigan Forest Fire Experiment Station, R. A. Smith, State geologist, 

and 0. B. Melnzer and A. G. Fiedler, of the United States Geological 

Survey. The work of the field parties was coordinated by W. Osgood 

and A. W. Bergqulat, under the direction of the State geologist. The 

writer was the field representative of the Federal Survey. Water-level 

measurements were made by the geologists in charge of the field parties.

During 1934 0. F. Poindexter and A. W. Bergquist, of the State Survey, together with the writer, started a systematic program of selecting

and measuring water levels In those of the test wells that were selected

71
72 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

as observation wells. That work has been continued to the present time. 

A water-stage recorder has been in continuous operation since November 5, 

1934, on a well at the Michigan Forest Fire Experiment Station near Roscommon.

Mr. Bergquist supplied the writer with copies of the water-level 

measurements made under his supervision during 1935, and H. J. Hardenberg, of the State Survey, prepared hydrographs showing measurements of 

water levels in 152 wells representing 45 townships. Mr. Bergquist reports that during 1935 the water levels in 1,758 wells were measured at 

least once, and more than one measurement was made in each of 1,324 wells. 

Many of the wells were measured about once or twice a month. The total 

number of individual measurements made during the year was 9,806. These 

measurements were made chiefly by the following geologists of the State 

Surveys C. F. Bassett, H. J. Hardenberg, G. W. Jennings, E. Hess, Norman Billings. The water-stage recorder was in operation throughout the 

year.

The area is in the North-Central Drift-Paleozoic ground-water 

province. All the wells are in drift, and most of them in permeable 

outwash sand. The wells are of the jetted type and range from about 10 

to 30 feet in depth. Most of them are 2 inches in diameter, a few are 

3 or 4 inches in diameter, and the well near Rosconmon on which the 

recorder is installed is 8 inches in diameter and about 17 feet deep.

All the wells are in areas that are unaffected by large artificial 

withdrawal of water. Most of them represent water-table conditions, 

but a few tap perched water and a few shallow artesian water. The top 

of the well casing is the measuring point, from which the depth to the 

water level is measured. The altitudes of the measuring points with 

reference to the land surface have been recorded, and a few of the 

measuring points have been tied by instrumental leveling to Government 

bench marks with mean sea level datum. The water-level records are 

still unpublished and are not yet available to the public. However, 

maps representing the position of the water table with reference to 

the land surface have been prepared for most of the area, and blue 

prints of these maps are available.

When the water-stage recorder was installed on the 8-inch well 

at the Forest Fire Experiment Station near Roscommon on November 5, 

1934, the water level in that well was about 8 feet below the top 

of the casing and about 5.5 feet below the land surface. It rose 

gradually until December 10, when it stood 4»6 feet below the surface.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 ?3

From the later part of December 1934 to March 5, 1935, it slcwly declined 

to 5,2 feet below the surface. During this period the ground was frozen, 

and little or no recharge took place. Because of the frozen and therefore 

impervious condition of the ground, the effects of changes of atmospheric 

pressure were reflected in fluctuations of the water level in the well 

during a part of the period. Prom March 5 to 20 the water level rose 

1.3 feet, apparently because of recharge after the thawing of the ground. 

On March 20 it stood 3.9 feet below the surface, which was the highest 

level of the period of record. It gradually declined during the succeeding months and was about 5.75 feet below the surface in the later part of 

September. Prom that time to February 15, 1936, the water level remained 

nearly stationary, ranging only between the depths of 5.65 to 5.8 feet 

below the surface. During the calendar year 1935 the range in fluctuation 

of the water level was only about 1.85 feet. The water level stood somewhat lower at the end than at the beginning of the year.

Hydrographs of 152 wells, representing 45 townships in Roscommon, 

Clare, Missaukee, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Crawford, Otsego, Charlevoix, 

and Cheboygan Counties, in general indicate that in most of the area the 

fluctuations of the water level were comparable to those described above, 

in that there was a gradual rise during the spring of 1935, followed by 

a gradual decline during the summer, with the water level standing somewhat lower at the end of the year than at the beginning. This decline 

ranged from less than 1 foot to about 1.5 feet. In a few of the wells 

the water levels were slightly higher at the end of 1935 than at the 

beginning, whereas in a few other wells the water levels declined 

throughout the year. The maximum range in fluctuation in any well during 

the year was about 5 feet.
MONTANA.

FLATHEAD VALLEY BETWEEN FLATHEAD LAKE AND KALISPELL 

By W. A. Lamb

An Investigation of the ground-water levels In the valley and delta 

area between Kalispell and the head of Flathead Lake was begun In May 

1928 by the United States Geological Survey under the authorization of 

the Federal Power Commission. The purpose of this investigation was to 

determine the effect of the altitude of the water surface in the lake 

and river on the position of the water table in the area. Regulation 

of the outflow of the lake wag contemplated, and as the water table in 

this area stood within a few feet of the land surface it was necessary 

to evaluate the agricultural damage to the farms that might result from 

any appreciable raising of the water table. The work was conducted 

chiefly by C. S. Heidel and A. H. Tuttle, under the direction of W. A. 

Lamb, district engineer, in cooperation with the division of ground 

water of the Geological Survey.

Altogether 47 observation wells were put down, two of which nave 

since been abandoned. These are all water-table wells, and few of them 

have been affected by any artificial withdrawal. Observations of the 

water levels in these wells have been made at intervals, usually monthly, 

up to the present time. Two of these wells (nos. 46 and 47) are equipped 

with automatic water-stage recorders. These two wells are 3 by 4 feet 

in cross section and about 14 feet deep. The other wells were bored 

with an auger and cased with a standard 1^-inch galvanized pipe, which 

was fitted with a point made from 60-mesh gauze. The top of each casing, 

in wells 46 and 47, is used as a- measuring point, and its altitude above 

sea level was determined. The measurements of water level are made with 

a steel tape connected to & sounding weight. The altitude of the water 

level- in wells 46 and 47 is read directly from a ataff gage whose zero 

point is near the bottom of the well.

About 108 measurements of the water level have been made in each 

well since July 1928. Sixteen measurements were made in most of the 

wells during 1935, making a total of 657 for the year. An accompanying 

table shows the arithmetic average of the water levels in wells for 

several times during the period of observation. Measurements were made 

only for a few months in 1928, but they indicate that the water table 

74
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 7

was higher in that year than in any year since. An inspection of the 

average levels shows that there has been a definite seasonal fluctuation 

each year, the water levels rising to high stages in the late spring and 

declining to loir stages in the winter. The average water level had an 

annual net decline from 1928 to 1931, but it recovered moat of this loss 

in 1932 and 1933. Although the average water level had another net decline in 1934, it was at the end of the year only about 1 foot below the 

level of December 1928.

Observation wells in Flathead Valley, between Kalispell and

Flathead Lakes, Montana

w

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point, or top of pipe, on March 16, 1934. 

The figure given in the last column is the altitude above mean sea 

level on March 16, 1934.)

Top of Depth 

Altitude pipe to Altitude

of top above water of water

ground level level

(feet) (feet) (feet)

Well 

no.

Ranch name and location

of pipe 

(feet)

1 Beauchamp, center of south edge, 

SEi sec. IV, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

2 Oldenberg north, center of west 

edge NWf sec. 22, T. 27 N., 

R. 20 W.

3 Oldenberg east, center NE^ sec. 

22, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

4 Oldenberg south, SW corner NW^- 

sec. 22, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

5 Van Rinaum, center of west edge

SE^ sec. 24, T. 27 N., R. 21 W.

7 deary, SE corner SWj sec. 13, 

T. 27 N., R. 21 W.

8 Koenig, NW corner NE^- sec. 23, 

T. 27 N., R. 21 W.

9 Keller, center of NE|- sec. 19, 

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

10 Yeaw, center of Nff^ sec. 20, 

T. 27 N. R. 20 W. '

11 Taylor north, NE corner NE^-

sec. 20, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

12 Taylor open, NW corner NW-J- sec. 

21, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

13 Conrad no. 1 south, center sec. 

21, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

14 Rousseille, NE corner NE-J- sec. 

21, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

15 Heller open, north of center

NEi sec. 22, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

16 Welke open, SW corner SW-J sec. 

16, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

17 Lee open, center NW^ sec. 16, 

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

18 Bellinger open, NE corner NE^ 

sec. 8, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

19 Manning, NW corner NWj sec. 8, 

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

20 Reed, NE corner SW-J sec. 1. 

T. 27 N., R. 21 W.

21 Thompson, center of north edge

NEf sec. 6, T, 27 N., R. 20 W.

22 Lowden, center SW corner NW^ 

sec. 32, T. 28 N., R. 20 W.

23 Lockheart, north edge SEj sec. 

34, T. 28 N., R. 21 W.

2,896.64 1.0 7.36 2,889.28

2,896.06

2,896.60

2,895.15

2,896.86

2,908.17

2,894.82

2,895.63

2,896.50

2,895.14

2,892.72

2,892.96

2,898.36

2,896.62

2,896.72

2,893.83

2,903.76

2,891.28

2,892.21

2,891.98

2,905.62

2,901.98

.6

.8

1.1

.3

.1

2,2

.7

.7

1.6

...

.7

.8

 

...

 

 

.6

.6

.4

.7

.4

10.51

12.18

9.71

7.39

19.03

5.45

6.07

7.13

8.35

5.64

5.69

12.95

10.38

10.13

7.66

14.57

3.31

4.18

5.29

18.03

16.41

2,885.55

2,884.42

2,885.44

2,889.47

2,889.14

2,889.37

2,889.56

2,889.37

2,886.79

2,887.08

2,887.27

2,885.41

2,886.24

2,886.59

2,886.17

2,888.33

2,887.97

2,888.03

2,886.69

2,887.59

2,885.57
76 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Observation wells in Flathead Valley - Continued

Well 

no.

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

43

44

45

46

47

Ranch name and location

Straights, SB corner NE-J- sec. 33,

T. 28 N., R. 21 W.

Meuli, center SEi sec. 35,

T. 28 N., R. 21 W.

Caton, SVr-J- sec. 35, T. 28 N.,

R. 21 W.

Weaver, SE^ sec. 36, T. 28 N.,

R. 21 W.

Hancock, NEi sec. 1, T. 27 N.,

R. 21 W.

Syverson, NW^ sec. 6, T. 27 N.,

R. 20 W.

Hodge y>n School, NW corner NW£

sec. 5, T, 27 N., R. 20 W.

Hartman west, center NW^ sec. 5,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Papendicks, center SE^ sec. 32,

T. 28 N., R. 20 W.

Hartman east, NE corner N$i

sec. 5, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

O'Connell, center NE-i sec. 5,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Bellinger, SE^ sec. 5,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Wagoner, center SE-J- sec. 8,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Damon, SE corner SEi sec. 8,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Lee pipe, center SW^ sec. 17,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Conrad no. 2 north, center NEjsec, 21, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Taylor south, center SE-Jsec. 20, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Zellar, center NEj- sec. 20,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

KLeinhams, center NE-J- sec. 19,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Websters, Nff corner NW-J sec. 19,

T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Three Corners, NE corner NEj

sec. 23, T. 27 N., R. 21 W.

Taylor automatic, center NW'J

sec. 21, T. 27 N., R. 20 W.

Parkers open automatic,

Nff^ sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 21 W.

Altitude 

of top 

of pipe 

(feet)

2,900.16

2,905.40

2,901.95

2,897.86

2,904.43

2,895.81

2,905.87

2,906.68

2,899.50

2,898.63

2,900.40

2,901.74

2,903.32

2,898.19

2,890.57

2,893.16

2,895.42

2,897.42

2,898,05

2,905.16

2,910.82

2,877.00

2,880.00

Top of 

pipe 

above 

ground 

(feet)

0.8

.4

.6

.7

1.0

2.2

1.7

1.0

.7

.7

1.2

.6

.5

.2

.6

.6

1.3

.8

.6

1.0

.7

...

...

Depth 

to 

water 

level 

(feet)

11.05

17.10

13.39

12.07

17.45

9.87

18,66

19.13

8.47

11.04

12.56

15.41

17.36

12.32

4.14

7.51

7.04

8.77

9.10

16.14

21.40

10.14

9.12

Altitude 

of water 

level 

(feet)

2,889.11

2,888.30

2,888.56

2,885.79

2,886.98

2,885.94

2,887.21

2,887.55

2,891.03

2,887.59

2,887.59

2,886.33

2,885.96

2,885.87

2,886.43

2,885,65

2,888.38

2,888.65

2,888.95

2,889.02

2,889.42

2,887,14

2,889.12

Average monthly water levels in the observation wells in Plathead Valley

(The average given for each month was computed from the first series of 

measurements made in that month and indicates height, in feet, above an 

arbitrary datum; 2,800 must be added to convert these averages to altitude above sea level.)

Year

February

March 

April

Mav

September

November 

December

1928

.....

88.54 

88.17

88.03 

87.91

1929

85.65

87.79 

88.16 

88.05

«8.13

88.38

88.37

017 CQ

8?! 30

87.08 

87.03

1930

86.89

86'.96

87.48

87.60

87.30

86.91

86.77

86.72

1931

QA *7R

86^92

QA Q A

87.03

87.01

86.79

86.59

86^29

86.12

1932

86.58

selro

87.21

88.29

87.98

87.28

86.98 

86.75

8e!75

1933

86:59 

86.71 

86.83

86.87

87.68

89.14

88.24

87.56 

87.57

87 1 44

1934

87i51 

87.82

88.53

88.19

87.53

87.19

86.91 

86.83

1935

86.93 

86.76

87.01

87.76

87.28

86.77 

86.31

 

 * 
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 77

Water levels in the observation wells in Flathead Valley, Montana

(Measurements give the height of the water surface in the well noove an 

arbitrary datumj 2,800 must be added to convert these measurements to 

altitude above sea level.)

Date

1928

July 16

18

29

Aug. 10

17

25

Sept. 1

Oct. 3

Nov. 2

23

Dec. 15

1929

Jan. 17

Feb. 23

Mar. 21

Apr. 14

28

May 22

June 7

July 1

19

Aug. 9

23

Oct. 3

19

Nov. 26

Dec. 9-11

1930

Jan. 16-17

Apr. 7

May 5

May 19-20

June 11

1

93.69

91.46

90.92

90.63

90.41

90.27

89.70

89.38

89.29

89.06

89.05

88.86

89.46

90.13

90.05

89.93

89.87

89.59

89.29

88.98

88.84

88.55

88.45

88.28

88.22

88.04

88.27

88.41

88.42

88.41

July 23-2488.14

Aug. 25

Sept. 21

Nov. 7

1931

Jan. 26

Mar. 27

Apr. 21-22

May 17

30

June 10

July 13

Aug. 8

30

Oct. 19

Nov. 28

1932

Jan. 26

Mar. 24-25

May 10

18

June 4

7

13

20

27

July 5

Aug. 10

Sept. 16

Oct. 24

Dec. 29

1933

Feb. 20

Mar. 22

87.88

87.85

87.70

87.58

87.82

87.84

87.88

87.87

87.81

87.64

87.55

87.49

87.31

87.19

87.58

88.08

88.36

88.37

88.43

88.39

88.41

88.45

88.44

88.42

87.94

87.92

87.81

87.59

87.47

87.83

2

90.08

90.02

89.78

89.51

89.44

89.31

89.24

88.83

88.64

88.46

88.35

88.30

88.24

88.44

88.96

88.89

88.74

88.62

88.32

88.13

87.87

87.78

87.41

87.31

87.09

87.06

86.81

86.87

86.81

86.86

86.82

86.70

86.50

86.42

86.23

85.95

85.99

85.94

85.86

85.75

85.64

85.42

85.36

85.95

85.72

85.86

85.86

85.87

85.84

85.84

85.78

85.72

85.66

85.17

85.07

84.93

85.17

85.05

85.35

3

91.15

90.64

89.97

89.60

89.31

89.12

88.58

88.43

88.29

88.29

88.18

88.09

89.36

90.08

90.06

89.65

88.41

88.94

88.48

87.99

87.70

87.19

87.08

86.94

86.92

86.83

87.21

87.30

87.26

87.03

86.62

86.28

85.94

85.90

85.92

86.24

86.34

86.23

85.97

85.68

85.54

85.18

85.00

84.75

84.79

85.92

86.62

86.08

86.05

86.02

86.00

86.02

85.86

85.62

85.58

84.71

84.60

84.27

84.69

84.75

85.04

4

91.65

91.65

91.14

.....

89.32

88.93

88.71

88.59

88.49

88.39

88.79

89.37

89.29

89.12

88.91

88.48

88.09

87.84

87.65

87.31

87.21

87.01

86.97

86.80

86.88

87.92

87.47

87.87

86.67

86.46

86.33

86.19

 ....

86.09

86.32

86.11

86.05

85.93

85.90

85.77

85.61

85.55

85.53

. . « »

85.90

85.90

85.93

85.89

85.84

85.75

85.75

85.73

85.15

85.04

84.66

84.86

84.83

85.21

91

91

90

90

90

90

90

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

87

87

87

88

88

88

88

88

88

89

89

88

88

6<3

88

88

90

88

88

5

.66

.63

.96

.66

.47

.32

.29

.78

.84

.66

.32

.31

.84

.80

.89

.83

.76

.58

.41

.16

.97

.66

.59

.56

.54

.58

.81

.88

.96

.96

.56

.40

.32

.27

.18

.55

.61

.59

.56

.49

.04

.05

.94

.84

.68

.18

.67

.68

.81

.98

.99

.02

.06

.97

.92

.28

.26

.18

.07

.20

.51

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

, .

89

89

89

89

89

89

79

88

88

. .

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

88

88

89

7

.42

.39

.45

.53

.41

.53

.57

.57

.53

.56

.57

.55

.55

.59

.56

.61

.63

.64

.66

.64

.65

.64

.54

.50

.45

.40

.24

.47

.57

,53

.44

.41

.40

.34

.28

...

.21

.28

.28

.27

.05

.17

.12

.90

.87

 

.40

.42

.42

.45

.37

.38

.40

.42

.40

.21

.21

.15

.74

.94

.14

8

89.14

89.07

99.27

89.17

89.00

88.98

88.93

88.78

88.82

88.93

88.78

89.07

89.02

89.63

.....

. . 0 .

.....

89.22

89.03

88.65

88.50

88.48

88.49

88.62

88.62

88.58

89.32

89.45

89.41

89.30

88.77

88.38

88.32

88.59

88.83

89.08

89.11

88.96

88.75

88.54

88.37

88.05

87.90

88.04

87.14

88.83

89.19

89.26

89.34

89.26

89.21

89.12

89.03

88.93

88.32

88.22

88.27

88.51

88.58

88.89

9

92.06

92.01

91.47

90.89

90.57

90.23

 

 »

 

 

89.17

89.19

89.88

89.92

89.81

89.80

89.61

89.41

89.08

88.88

88.61

88.53

88.37

88.34

88.04

88.06

88.11

88.23

88.26

88.01

87.87

87.74

87.59

87.49

87.38

87.61

87.64

86.63

87.60

87.45

87.44

87.35

87.11

87.47

87.53

87.78

87.83

87.93

87.93

88.03

88.10

88.16

88.21

87.97

87.84

87.60

87.45

87.45

87.43

10

91.98

91.94

91.07

90.49

90.17

89.83

89.76

89.22

89.05

88.94

88.84

88.73

89.47

89.99

89.95

89.82

89.80

89.30

88.91

 *

88.47

88.11

88.06

87.90

87.86

87.82

88 -.03

88.22

88.27

88.26

87.77

87.56

87.39

87.38

86.35

87.65

87.67

87.66

87.63

87.55

87.33

87.26

87.18

87.00

86.88

87.35

87.78

88.10

88.10

88.31

88.27

88.37

88.40

88.58

88.43

87.90

87.68

87.60

87.47

87.38

87.63

77056 O 3i
78 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in Flathead Valley Continued

Date

1933 

Apr. 10 

May 6 

9 

13 

16 

20 

23 

27 

30 

June 3 

6 

10 

13 

17 

20 

24 

27 

July 1 

5 

8 

11 

15 

18 

22 

25 

Aug. 7 

30 

Sept .28 

Oct. 15 

Dec. 7 

1934 

Mar. 16 

Apr. 23 

May 19 

June 22 

Aug. 4 

Sept. 11 

Nov. 6 

Dec. 21 

1935 

Feb. 17 

Mar. 18 

May 12 

23 

June 14 

July 30 

Sept. 9 

Oct. 27

Date

1928 

July 16 

18 

29 

Aug. 10 

17 

25 

Sept. .1 

Oct. 3 

Nov. 2 

23 

Dec. 15 

1929 

Jan. 17 

Feb. 23 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 14 

28 

May 22

1

87.75 

87.86 

87.83 

87.84 

87.91 

87.88 

87.93 

87.93 

87.94 

87.95 

87.96 

87.99 

88.02 

88.22 

88.45 

89.40 

89.79 

90.20 

90.03 

90.02 

89.95 

89.83 

89.77 

89.71 

89.64 

89.42 

89.21 

89.01 

88.79 

88.90

89.28 

89.64 

89.57 

89.23 

88.67 

88.55 88.14" 

88.06

88.02 

88.08 

88.19 

88.21 

88.36 

88.17 

87.97 

86.62

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86

86 

86 

87 

87 

87 

8V

11

.93 

.92 

.82 

.64 

.52 

.48 

.46 

.57 

.53 

.68 

.74

.82 

.78 

.61 

.62 

.60 

.50

2

85.32 

85.29 

85.33 

85.36 

85.37 

85.29 

85.32 

85.27 

85.34 

85.31 

85.24 

85.22 

85.14 

85.13 

85.93 

85.05 

85.04 

85.09 

85.11 

85.11 

85.10 

84.99 

85.09 

85.05 

85.01 

84.93 

84.96 

85.13 

85.11 

85.36

85.55 

85.49 

85.64 

85.47 

85.05 

84.82 

85.17 

85.24

85.21 

85.29 

85.16 

85.19 

84.94 

84.79 

84.45 

84.55

12

88.14 

88.51 

88.00 

87.83 

87.41 

87.62 

87.55 

87.59 

86.92

86 I 79

87.44 

87.30 

87.13 

87.40

3

85.23 

85.30 

85.29 

85.34 

85.37 

85.37 

85.36 

85.33 

85.33 

85.24 

85.21 

85.17 

85.12 

84.96 

84.82 

84.73 

84.69 

84.72 

84.72 

84.70 

84.65 

84.53 

84.44 

84.40 

84.39

 * 

 

84.09

84.42 

84.55 

84.41 

84.11

 

83.35 

83.58 

83.76

83.94 

84.06 

84.18 

84.14 

83.64 

83.17 

82.94 

82.93

13

89.37 

89.33 

88.92 

88.42 

88.10 

87.77 

87.52 

86.95 

86.18 

86.76 

86.76

86.75

89.19 

89.65 

89.22 

88.87

4

85.20 

85.14 

85.26 

85.16 

85.17 

85.20 

85.24 

85.22 

85.23 

85.21 

85.18 

85.18 

85.11 

85.09 

84.18 

85.01 

85.02 

85.07 

85.08 

85.08 

85.03 

84.88 

84.93 

84.91 

84.88 

84.85 

84.80 

84.87 

84.93 

85.13

85.44 

85.60 

85.60 

85.80 

85.05 

84.72 

84.97 

84.99

85.00 

85.14 

85.08 

85.06 

84.82 

84.50 

84.23 

84.32

14

89.64 

89.58 

89.19 

88.71 

88.40 

88.04 

87.83 

86.86 

86.25 

86.06

85.61

sslss

85.51 

85.88

5

88.41 

88.37 

88.54 

88.55 

88.58 

88.58 

88.57 

88.54 

88.55 

88.53 

88.56 

88.69 

88.82

93ls8 

94.15 

92.62 

92.24 

92.00 

91.82 

91.53 

91.35 

91.06 

90.96 

90.43 

89.93 

89.45 

89.26 

89.11

89.47 

89.96 

89.75 

89.51 

89.03 

88.86 

88.57 

88.49

88.56 

88.55 

88.68 

88.73 

88.90 

88.59 

88.34 

88.13

15

90.34 

89.64 

88.91 

87.35 

87.41 

87.05 

86.67 

85.95 

85.35 

85.23 

85.12

85.39 

85.64 

85.99 

86.11

7

89.06 

89.04 

89.03 

89.09 

89.11 

89.09 

89.09 

89.09 

89.08 

89.09 

89.09 

89.09 

89.10 

89.09 

89.08 

89.08 

89,05 

89.08 

89.08 

89.06 

89.05 

89.05 

89.08 

89.08 

89.07 

89.05 

89.07 

89.11 

89.02 

89.00

89.14 

89.19 

89.20

89 III 

89.16 

89.08 

89.01

89.11 

89.13 

89.07 

89.06 

89.06 

89.06 

88.98 

88.93

16

87. 01 

87.11 

86.83 

 86.89 

86.00 

86.69 

86.67 

86.54 

86.59 

86.34 

86.62

86.97 

87.20 

87.27 

87.38

8

88.98

 

* * 

89.45 

89.46 

89.40 

89.36 

89.33 

89.27 

89.21 

89.14 

89.11 

89.05 

89.10 

89.01 

88.94 

88.90 

88.80 

88.77 

88.71 

88.67 

88.56 

88.39 

88.45 

88.39 

88.69

89.37 

89.47 

89.27 

88.91 

88.45 

88.32 

88.54 

88.68

88.90 

89.10 

89.16 

89.24 

88.94 

88.56 

88.17 

88.33

17

86.91 

85.51 

86.66 

86.91 

85.99 

86.99 

86.69 

86.43 

86.52 

86.07 

86.76

87.59 

86.86 

86.77 

87.38

9

87.60 

87.52 

87.64 

87.63 

87.69 

87.70 

87.70 

87.72 

87.74 

87.72 

87.76 

87.77 

87.79

93.92 

93.51 

92.52 

92.10 

91.85 

91.53 

91.34 

91.11 

91.10 

90.36 

89.95 

89.48 

89.23 

89.20

89.56 

89.92 

89.73 

89.46 

89.38 

88.60 

88.23 

88.12

 

 *

89.30 

88.38 

87.97

18

88.61 

88.70 

88.59 

87.59 

86.83 

88.36 

88.50 

86.33 

88.53 

88.59 

87.14

88.31 

88.79 

88.07 

88.67

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

88 

89

94 

93 

93 

92 

91 

91 

90 

90 

90 

90 

89 

89 

88 

88 

88

89 

89 

89 

88 

88 

88 

87 

87

87 

87 

88 

88 

88 

88 

87

88 

88 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

88

88 

87 

90 

89 

88 

88

10

,65 

.70 

.72 

.79 

.83 

.91 

.91 

.92 

.92 

.94 

.95 

.01 

.94

.47 

.54 

.07 

.02 

.58 

.24 

.81 

.64 

.41 

.28 

.71 

.34 

.93 

.75 

.95

.37 

.71 

.53 

.86 

.51 

.17 

.84 

.86

.93 

.99 

.15 

.19 

.37 

.07 

.68

19

.28 

.07 

.93 

.54 

.83 

.28 

.24 

.48 

.78 

.95 

.07

.04 

.96 

.06 

.34 

.92 

.52
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 79 

Water levels In Flathead Valley - Continued

Date 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1929

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec. _ _

7

1

19

9

23

3

19

26

9-11

1930

Jan.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Nov.

16-17

7

5

19-20

11

23-24

25

.21

7

87.40

86.97

86.75

86.38

86.21

86.24

86.26

86.36

86.33

86.38

86.82

86.87

86.93

86.97

86.78

86.60

86.54

86.61

87.

87.

87.

87.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

85.

85.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86,

86.

65

60

35

14

77

30

64

04

54

78

64

62

55

69

15

24

38

09

88.55

87.86

87.20

86.73

86.41

85.99

85.92

85.77

85.67

85.96

87.91

87.31

87.10

86.83

85.30

85.02

84,69

84.96

86.66

87.75

87.37

86.83

86.46

85.64

 *

85.08

84.91

84.61

84.66

85.22

85.74

86.40

86.26

85.60

85.18

84.66

86.24

86.30

85.72

89.20

85.02

84.21

84.38

84.11

83.94

84.12

83.94

84.65

84.30

84.80

84.31

84.00

83.89

83.94

87.37

86.98

86.71

86.54

86.42

86.25

86.29

86.28

85.87

86.04

86.59

86.35

86.73

86.53

86.37

86.30

* * 

86.08

87.11

87.22

86.40

86.70

85.57

86.17

86.10

 *

 * 

86.36

87.05

87.03

87.07

86,55

85.83

85.93

86.27

88.66

88.60

87.48

86.49

88.46

87.05

88.30

88.39

88.51

88.16

88.63

88.62

88.60

87.63

 

 * *

* * 

88.28

87.65

87.07

86.31

86.27

86.91

87.10

87.44

87.38

87.49

88.96

88.93

88.17

86.86

86.11

86.32

87.38

1931

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July WIA-LJ

Aug.

Oct.

Nov. ... _____ __..._ . . . . _

26

27

21-22

17

30 10

13

8

30

19

28

86,67

87.21

87.15

87.07

86.97

86.87

86.50

86.40

86,30

86.17

86.18

86.

85.

86.

86.

86.

86.

85.

83.

85.

85.

85.

56

79

03

30

19

04

86

79

42

25

29

85.17

86.00

85.99

85.79

85.54

85.29

84.60

84.28

83.84

83.95

83.84

84.32

84.28

84.31

84.82

85.36

85.76

85.89

85.42

85.06

84.42

84.11

83.73

* » 

84.29

84.46

84.55

84.49

83.84

83.38

83.57

83.38

83.27

86.29

86.52

86.73

86.82

86.28

86.64

86:40

86.23

85.99

86.17

 - 

86.23

87.19

86.12

86.53

86.03

85.86

85.61

85.70

85.27

85.72

85 .53

87.91

.....

.....

88.09

86.74

 *

87.81

87.59

.....

87.93

87.60

88.13

87.74

87.41

86.97

86.36

85.93

85.58

86.53

86.88

1932

Jan.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Dec.

26

24-25

10

18

4

7

13

20

27

S

10

.16

24

29

86.67

87.16

87.22

87.24

87.24

87.38

87.19

87.10

87.09

87.00

86.40

86.39

86.19

86.17

86.

85.

85.

85.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

85.

85.

. . 

86.

56

92

72

90

50

23

24

26

05

00

82

43

 

15

85.17

85.88

85.86

85.88

85.78

85.82

86.18

85.82

85.89

85.43

84.38

84.33

84.33

84.56

84.32

84.35

85.86

85.16

86.50

86.63

86.96

87.36

87.70

87.85

86.80

85.90

84.92

84.75

83.73

84.14

84.77

85.05

84.92

84.96

85.02

85.07

85.13

 *

85.74

85.19

84.86

85.05

86.29

86.72

87.08

87.18

87.18

87.20

 o 

87.19

87.15

86.59

86.38

86.31

86.36

86.23

86.76

86.70

86.79

87,67

87.44

86.85

87.19

86.11

86.45

86.21

85.80

86.03

.....

87.66

88.11

88.71

87.75

89.26

88.73

 » » 

88.06

88.24

88.57

87.83

87.93

89.60

88.45

88.10

88.52

88.22

88.01

87.75

87.48

87.30

86.21

86.11

86.74

87.29

1933

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

ond\J

22

10

6

9

13

16

20

23

27

30

3

6

10

13

17

20

24

27

1

5

8

11

15

QC T Q 

C-O.lO

86.97

86.87

86.78

86.81

86.91

86.97

86.88

86.96

86.92

86.93

88.06

86.90

86.85

86.82

86.81

86.75

86.67

86.66

86.61

86.58

86.58

86.54

86.49

QCoo«

86.

86.

86.

88.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

86.

85.

86.

86.

87.

87.

87.

B7.

87.

03

57

19

24

27

59

47

35

30

31

53

07

24

18

17

39

72

78

98

84

20

30

36

34

84.86

85.38

85.45

85.50

85.49

85.58

85.59

85.58

85.59

85.61

85.63

85.62

85.60

85.61

85.73

85.98

86.72

87.17

87.54

87.60

87.49

87.34

87.14

84.50

84.46

84.43

84.60

89.69

84.83

84.51

85.08

85.17

85.31

85.43

85.65

85.87

86.22

86.52

87.02

87.48

88.12

88.58

88.93

89.16

89.21

89.19

89.12

85.22

84.77

85.45

85.65

 * * *

85.64

85.75

85.75

85.81

85.78

85.63

85.78

85.85

85.91

85.91

85.92

86.16

86.56

86.73

87.09

87.33

87.45

87.46

87.49

86.25

86.44

86.50

86.51

86.65

86.53

86.70

86,59

86.67

86.60

86.59

86.64

86.69

86.61

86.56

86.62

86.66

86.60

86.33

86.58

86.66

86.66

86.60

86.58

 * -«*

86.63

86.63

87.04

86.77

86.66

87.13

87.22

87.25

87.12

86.69

86.86

86.42

86.91

86.62

86.58

86.29

86.05

86.15

86.97

86.29

86.20

86.20

85.61

O OF? QC f «7O

88.76

88.81

88.54

88.74

86.55

 * *

88.60

88.50

88.55

87.81

87.76

87.14

86.84

87.29

87.32

87.53

88.45

87.34

86.96

87.04

86.48

 * *

87.15

O OF? f *XO-t v

88.90

88.79

88.07

88.68

88.68

88.49

88.44

88.37

88.09

87.99

87.80

87.70

87.57

87.52

87.36

87.15

87.01

86.91

86.95

86.86

86.80

86.70

86.50
80 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in Plathead Valley - Continued

Date

1933 

July 18 

22 

25 

Aug. 7

Sept. 28 

Oct. 15

1934 

Mar. 16 

Apr. 23 

May 19 

June 22 

Aug. 4 

Sept. 11 

Nov. 6 

Dec. 21 

1935 

Feb. 17 

Mar. 18 

May 12 

23 

June 14 

July 30 

Sept. 9 

Oct. 27

Date

1928 

July 16 

18 

29 

Aug. 10 

17 

25 

Sept. 1 

Oct. 3 

Nov. 2 

23 

Dec. 15 

1929 

Jan. 17 

Feb. 23 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 14 

28 

May 22 

June 7 

July 1 

19 

Aug. 9 

23 

Oct. 3 

19 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 9-11 

1930 

Jan. 16-17 

Apr. 7 

May 5 

19-20 

June 11 

July 23-24 

Aug. 25 

Sept. 21 

Nov. 7 

1931 

Jan. 26 

Mar. 27

86 

86 

88 

86 

86 

86 

85 

86

86 

87 

87 

86 

86 

86

85

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

85 

85

11

.45 

.40 

.37 

.20 

.01 

.01 

.99 

.19

.79 

.20 

.04 

.72 

.28 

.13 

.20 

.20

.63 

.68 

.80 

.76 

.44 

.07 

.82 

.72

20

88.95 

88.93 

88.81 

88.68 

88.65 

88.69 

88.74 

88.78 

88.78 

88.81 

88.74

88.72 

88.65 

89.02 

88.97 

88.86 

88.81 

88.78 

88.69 

88.54 

88.36 

88.26 

88.25 

88.26 

88.25 

88.17

88.11 

88.34 

88.33 

88.25 

88.18 

87.86 

87.72 

87.75 

87.84

87.86 

87.85

87 

87 

87 

87 

86 

87 

85 

86

87 

87

86 

86

86

86 

86 

86

85 

85 

85

89 

89 

89 

88 

88 

88 

88 

88 

87 

87 

87

87 

86 

86 

87 

86 

86 

86 

86 

87 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86

86 

86 

86 

86 

85 

83 

86 

86 

86

flB

12

.14 

.03 

.28 

.35 

.78 

.15 

.02 

.77

.08 

.10

.75 

.51 

.17 

.29

.38 

.48 

.73

.85 

.87 

.30

21

.28 

.23 

.21 

.95 

.86 

.74 

.72 

.28 

.94 

.66 

.43

.37 

.75 

.75 

.01 

.70 

.46 

.51 

.88 

.13 

.94 

.81 

.63 

.57 

.34 

.24

.08 

.34 

.08 

.08 

.91 

.85 

.38 

.23 

.15

I?fi

13

87.06 

86.92 

86.82 

86.41 

86.12 

85.89 

85.81 

86.39

87.27 

87.85 

87.19 

86.13 

85.45 

85.35 

85.24 

85.32

85.79 

85.93 

85.96 

85.86 

85.21 

84.60 

84.18 

84.19

22

89.87 

89.85 

90.01

89.71 

89.59 

89.44 

88.92 

88.54 

88.34 

88.54

88.37 

87»93 

87.71 

87.39 

87.32 

8V. 27 

88.04 

88.54 

88.55 

88.28 

88.15 

87.74 

87.61 

87.36 

87.35

86.94 

86.73 

87.11 

87.44 

87.79 87.87- 

87.59 

87.32 

87.08

86.77

14

89.02 

88.84 

88.75 

88.12 

87.21 

86.34 

85.93 

85.73

85.41 

85.50 

87.55 

88.34 

86.96 

85.91 

S4-.99 

84.83

84.63 

84.58 

84.78 

85.09 

86.89 

86.97 

85.80 

84.94

23

92.51 

92.49 

90.51

88.86

87.68 

86.75

84^62

84.20 

83.81 

83.77 

83.86 

84.70 

89.16 

91.67 

90.25 

88.13 

86.36 

86.48

83.48 

83.37

83.18 

83.78 

89.23 

89.23 

90.52 

86.83 

85.08 

84.30 

83.92

83.42 

83.70

15

87.47 

87.40 

87.35 

86.95

86.06 

85.82 

85.51

86.24 

86.83 

86.90 

87.05 

85.78 

85.49 

84.33 

85.07

85.33 

85.39

84182 

83.50

24

94.98 

94.94 

93.83

91.93 

91.60

90.40 

89.50 

88.83 

88.51 

87.18

87.76 

87.27 

87.57 

87.88 

87.71 

87.88

89I53

seise

86.84 

86.30

86.21 

85.93

87.07 

87.79 

88.10 

87.44

86.36

85.96 

85.86

16

86.33 

86.42 

86.47

8&I27 

86.12 

85.97

86.59 

86.77 

86.92 

86.98 

86.81 

86.50

85.97

.....

86.55

25

91.06 

90.23 

89.47 

89.02 

88.66

88.13 

87,57 

87.21 

87.00 

86.87 

87.13 

89.64

ssies

88.42 

87.65 

87.39 

86.79 

86.67

86.10

86.13

87.14 

87.66 

87.25 

86.85

» * 

17

85.91 

85.73 

85.84 

85.57 

85.86 

85.80 

86.10

86.17 

86.55 

86.43 

86.12 

86.26 

86.28

86.52 

86.55

86.21 

85.51 

85.61

26

91.24 

90.65 

90.19 

89.79 

89.41

88.93 

88.39 

88.03 

87.81 

87.70 

87.48 

87.76 

88.10 

88.32 

88.04 

87.88 

87.45 

87.27 

86.92 

86.76

86.37 

85.78 

85.77 

85.95 

86.22 

86.58 

86.44 

86.22 

85.87

18

87.17 

87.45 

87.48 

87.55 

87.55 

87.38

87.45

88.33 

86.97 

86.25 

87.49 

87.04 

87.41

85.88

86.92 

87.19

87 '.37 

84.73

27

88.48 

87.11 

86.38 

86.02 

85.73

85.41 

85.26

84.98 

84.91 

85.83 

88.20 

89.33 

88.51 

87.40 

86.78 

85.60 

85.37 

84.97 

84.86

84.64 

82.44 

85.98 

86.73 

87.80 

87.01 

85.94 

85.32 

84.90

84.38 

84.25

19

86.36 

86.19 

86.14 

86.05 

85.86 

86.27 

86.31 

87.19

87.97 

87.88 

87.20 

87.51 

85.65 

85.73 

86.62 

87.04

87.55 

87.49 

87.64 

87.47 

86.74 

85.79 

85.17 

86.15

28

88.52 

88.13 

87.85 

87.70 

87.57

87.37 

87.17 

87.03 

86.96 

86.89 

87.09 

87.58 

87.99 

87.97 

87.74 

87.58 

87.19 

87.07 

86.86 

86.81

86.60 

86.43 

86.76 

87.03 

87.32 

87,36 

86.98 

86.75 

86.44

87.17 

86.26
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 81 

Water levels In Flathead Valley - Continued

Date

1931

Apr. 21-22

May 17

30

June 10

July 13

Aug. 8

30

Oct. 19

Nov. 28

1932

Jan. 26

Mar. 24-25

May 10

18

June 4

7

13

20

27

July 5

Aug. 10

Sept. 16

Oct. 24

Dec. 29

1933

Feb. 20

Mar. 22

Apr. 10

May 6

9

13

16

20

23

27

30

June 3

6

10

13

17

on£j\J

24

27

July 1

5

8

11

15

18

22

25

Aug. 7

30

Sept. 28

Oct. 15

Dec. 7

1934

Mar. 16

Apr. 23

May 19

June 22

Aug. 4

Sept .11

Nov. 6

Dec. 21

1935

Feb. 17

Mar. 18

May 12

23

20

87.92

87.85

87.81

87.65

87.59

87.48

87.44

87.35

87.51

87.86

87.93

87.86

87.83

88.02

87.99

87.97

87.94

87.91

87.90

87.55

87.68

87.74

87.79

87.70

87.91

87.91

87.80

87.99

87.92

87.91

87.93

87.89

87.86

87.85

87.82

87.83

87.85

87.83

87.82

87.81

87.83

87.83

87.90

87.92

87.92

87.90

87.84

87.85

87.83

87.82

87.86

87.79

87.86

87.83

87.96

88.03

88.03

88.03

87.91

87.78

87.89

87.97

87.87

87.82

87.93

87.81

87.80

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

86

86

85

85

85

85

86

86

86

86

87

87

86

86

86

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

86

86

86

86

86

QCoo

87

87

87

87

87

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

87

87

87

86

86

86

87

87

87

86

86

86

85

85

85

21

.67

.61

.61

.63

.86

.88

.73

.73

.60

.16

.40

.48

.82

.93

.08

.31

.56

.80

.18

.15

.87

.32

.00

.83

.85

.69

.64

.61

.81

.89

.90

.93

.99

.04

.10

.22

 ZA »OTT

.52

 

QQa a

.99

.63

.70

.85

.97

.05

.11

.21

.29

.30

.33

.08

.69

.46

.02

.69

.66

.25

.95

.65

.32

.71

.24

.06

.94

.75

.86

87

87

87

87

87

86

86

86

86

86

87

87

87

87

88

88

88

88

87

87

87

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

87

87

87

87

87

87

87017 Of

88

88

88

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

88

88

88

87

87

87

88

89

88

88

87

87

87

87

86

87

22

.20

.37

.52

.37

.12

.74

.63

.77

.30

.72

.00

.72

.78

.98

.18

.58

.51

.21

.87

.46

.15

.81

.76

.67

.81

.76

.93

.98

.03

.18

.28

.36

.49

.61

.82

.98

.24

.56

.95

.13

.36

.50

.58

.55

.51

.54

.50

.47

.25

.90

.42

.22

.95

.59

.80

.75

.37

.83

.35

.75

.45

.13

.05

.84

.27

23

84.84

89.92

89.93

89.67

86.75

85.28

84.38

83.68

83.38

83.42

84.73

89.11

91.95

93.25

93.14

93.24

93.59

93.13

91.90

87.27

85.31

87.47

88.80

86.39

86.13

86.03

86.08

86.16

86.24

86.42

86.50

86.58

86.69

86.78

93.94

cm a O "*LA. . O*f

96.53

Qrf a (\A I . ufr

98.39

97.46

96.60

95.54

94.73

93.99

92.90

92.32

91.47

90.93

88.94

86.79

85.65

85.23

86.70

85.57

91.06

94.81

90.21

86.71

84.93

84.38

84.68

84.44

84.28

88.34

91.25

24

85.92

86.25

86.69

87.08

87.53

87.06

86.69

85.86

85.96

83.86

86.61

88.96

95.72

95.44

94.78

94.28

93.78

92.98

90.08

88.70

. . . ..

82.28

87.65

86.86

86.92

87.10

87.21

87.27

87.42

87.58

87.69

96.09

.....

97.63

97.10

96.78

96.51

96.28

95.81

95.49

95.01

94.70

93.46

91.24

89.89

89.34

89.52

89.11

89.47

95.56

93.06

 

* 

 

.....

25

85.78

86.03

86.46

87.06

86.85

86.53

85.83

85.48

85.20

85.66

85.85

96.67

96.85

87.13

87.46

87.81

88.12

88.41

87.91

87.47

88.80

86.39

86.13

86.03

86.08

86.16

86.24

86.42

86.50

86.58

86.69

86.78

86.91

87.03

87.22

87.45

88.09

88.49

88.92

89.36

89.73

89.98

90.14

90.40

90.55

90.67

90.73

90.81

90.40

89.75

89.33

88.87

88.30

88.30

89.29

90.24

.....

89.21

87.92

87.42

86.96

86.91

26

85.48

85.68

85.73

86.17

86.20

85.99

85.62

85.35

84.97

85.25

85.35

85.71

85.78

85.91

86.12

86.33

86.56

87.21

87.28

87.03

86.57

86.40

86.15

86.18

86.05

86.08

86.14

86.18

86.20

86.30

86.35

86.48

86.47

86.51

86.61

86.68

86.93

87.18

87.40

87.74

86.08

88.31

88.53

88.76

89.02

89.25

89.38

89.84

90.10

89.88

89.64

89.18

88.56

88.40

88.91

89.60

..... 89 lie

88.38

87.87

87.28

fVt O I .J.O1 "*L

oo. OR rtn t v

86.88

27

84.19

85.59

86.99

87.51

86.83

86.57

85.38

84.71

84.31

84.38

84.16

85.48

86.86

89.45

89.73

90.08

90.64

91.02

90.84

88.41

86.72

85.63

85.05

84.68

84.82

84.60

85.28

85.57

85.86

86.07

86.37

86.62

86.95

87.40

87.96

88.66

OV QQ nrrr  f f

an t?w» ^nf U

91.87

OP o£i QQ& &

93.62

93.83

93.91

93.71

93.48

93.14

92.68

92.37

91.94

91.67

90.40

88.56

87.18

86.63

86.51

85.79

86.92

91.01

91.29

88.28

86.66

85.51

85.17

QA 170 O4« rO

84.64

85.27

85.75

28

85.96

86.34

86.61

86.80

86.85

86.61

86.43

86.05

85.96

86.17

85.57

86.16

86.40

86.96

87.07

87.18

87.35

87.48

87.58

87.39

87.09

87.70

86.44

86.17

86.06

86.02

86.17

86.28

86.34

86.37

86.49

86.57

86.65

86.73

86.87

86.99

87.17

fvr O f . *tn Oil

O art I «4i7AQ

O Off f . tZO O<2

87.76

87.87

87.96

88.07

88.10

88.09

88.10

86.16

88.17

88.15

88.04

87.76

87.47

87.35

87.23

86.98

87.18

88.00

88.39

,*» »

87.63

87.02

87.76

86.56

Da fsn ob.oU

86.49

86.74
82 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In Plathead Valley - Continued

Date

1935

July 30

Oct. 27

Date

1928 

July 16

July 18

29

Aug. 10

17

25

Sept. 1 

Oct. 3 

Nov. 2 

23 

Dec. 15 

1929 

Jan. 17 

Feb. 23

Mar. 21

Apr. 14 

28 

May 22 

June 7 

July 1

19

Aug. 9 

23 

Oct. 3 

19 

Nov. 26 

Dec . 9-11 

1930 

Jan. 16-17 

Apr. 7 

May 5 

19-20 

June 11

July 23-24 

Aug. 25

Sept .21 

Nov. 7 

1931 

Jan. 26 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 21-22 

May 17 

30 

June 10 

July 13 

Aug. 8 

30

Oct. 19

Nov. 28

1932 

Jan. 26

Mar. 24-25 

May 10 

18

7 

13 

20 

27 

July 5 

Aug. 10 

Sept. 16

20

87.84

87.64

87.53

87.60

29

87.97 

87.13 

86.67 

86.47 

86.25

86.04 

85.87

88.73 

85.66 

85.64 

86.52 

88.00 

88.49

87.89

87.20 

86.75 

86.10 

85.94 

85.67 

85.56

85.36 

85.31 

86.58 

87.09 

87.79

87.03 

86.22

85.81 

85.53

85.14 

85.00 

85.00 

86.19 

87.06 

87.38 

86.73 

86.10 

85.71

85.28

QA QQ

85.14

84.83 

90.55 

86.97 

88.46

88.63 

88.84 

89.19 

89.33 

89.11 

87.45 

86.45

21

86.55

87.20

86.88

86.46

30

88.50 

88.51 

88.47 

88.37 

88.36

88.41 

88.07

ss. oa

87.95 

87.89 

87.83 

87.81 

87.82

87.91

87.91 

87.94 

87.82 

87.80 

87.72 

87.73

87.50 

87.98 

87.84 

87.76

87.74 

87.70

85.73 

87.39

87.22 

86.91 

87.00 

87.06 

86.96 

86.88 

86.99 

87.00 

87.00

86.89

86.83

87.22

86.63 

87.03 

86.79 

86.91

86.85 

86.89 

86.93 

86.99 

87.07 

87.20 

87.19

22

88.19

88.60

88.05

87.57

31

88.23 

88.29 

88.27 

88.27 

88.30

88.40 

88.28

88.16 

88.21 

88.16 

88.12 

88.11 

88.02

88.09

88.08 

88.11 

88.07 

88.01 

88.11 

88.11

87.85 

88.00 

88.04 

88.00 

87.98

87.93 

87.88

87.92 

87.78

87.93 

87.67 

87.58 

87.53 

87.54 

87.50 

87.55 

87.51 

87.54

87.50

87.33

87.93

87.42 

87.38 

86.40 

87.46

87.34 

87.34 

87.35 

87.36 

87.37 

87.36 

87.44

23

93.25

88.19

85.29

84.01

32

89.12 

89.16 

89.08 

89.06 

89.05

89.10

89.01 

89.01 

89.20 

89.45 

89.56 

89.50

89.46

89.35 

89.35 

89.26 

89.24 

89.19 

89.14

89 ,O2 

90.03 

89.86 

89.79 

89.73

89.50 

89.26

89.23 

89.12

90.03 

89.10 

89.26 

89.36 

89.33 

89.15 

89.17 

89.03 

88.99

88.87

88.78

90.03

89.16 

90.03 

90.06 

90.13

90.05 

90.02 

89.98 

89.93 

89.87 

89.55 

89.39

24

.....

33

86.88

86.75

86.71 

86.45 

86.36 

86.43 

86.46

86.50 

86.51

86.63 

86.99 

87.00 

86.82 

86.70 

86.40

86.56

85.88 

85.68 

85.38 

85.32 

85.49 

85.58

85.68 

86.25 

86.27 

86.27

85.93

85.06 

85.37

85.74 

86.06 

86.09 

86.02 

85.96 

85.80 

85.30 

85.09 

84.87

84.89

85.13

85.74

85.88 

86.13 

86.11 

86.11

86.03 

86.04 

86.02 

85.94 

85.85 

85.27 

85.04

25

88.11

89.08

88.52

87.57

34

88.13

88.10

88.05 

88.00 

88.00 

87.96 

87.96

88.UO 

88.00

87.99 

87.95 

88.00 

88.03 

88.05 

87.94

87.90

87.72 

87.70 

87.63 

87.62 

87.63 

87.64

87.58 

87.85 

87.85 

87.85 

87.84

87.83 

87.74

87.75 

87.64

87.55 

87.56 

87.50 

87.57 

87.50 

87.43 

87.43 

87.45

87.55

84.56 

87.85 

87.83 

87.91

87.88 

87.86 

87.90 

87.91 

87.90 

87.89 

87.74

26

87.48

88.22

88.05

87.54

35

88.43

'88.43

88.49 

88.32 

88.32 

88.16 

93.11

88.11 

93.07

88.03 

88.11 

88.16 

88.16 

88.16

88.03 

87.92 

87.85 

87.82 

87.78 

87.82

87.66 

87.98 

87.95 

87.92 

87.89

87.74 

87.65

87.61 

87.51

92.31 

88.49 

87.40 

87.35 

87.40 

87.29 

87.36 

87.30 

87.28

87.14

87.06

87.27 

87.58 

87.61 

87.68

87.63 

87.63 

87.66 

87.76 

87.67 

87.61 

87.60

27

90.35

89.04

86.91

85.69

36

86.55

86.56

86.55 

86.56 

86.56 

86.51 

86.52

86.52 

86.44

86.49 

86.55 

86.48 

86.56 

86.54 

86.56

86.60

86.52 

86.47 

86.42 

86.37 

86.32 

86.27

86.22 

86.18 

86.22 

86.24 

86.23

86.17 

86.07

86.08 

86.06

83.06 

86.00 

85.93 

85.99 

86.00 

85.99 

85.97 

85.94 

85.92

8T5.88

85.74

83.06

85.80 

86.02 

86.02 

86.11

85.92 

86.09 

86.12 

86.13 

86.13 

86.10 

86.11

28

87.55

87.80

87.29

87.22

37

86.22

86.20

86.17 

85.94 

85.91 

85.94 

85.93

86.03 

85.97

86.01 

86.18 

86.26 

86.27 

86.34 

86.28

86.19

85.93 

85.89 

85.65 

85.66 

85.62 

85.62

85.61 

85.04 

86.06 

86.06 

86.09

85.89 

85.65

85.59 

85.49

85.54 

85.58 

85.70 

85.81 

85.82 

85.81 

85.71 

85.50 

85.37

85.21

85.31

85.54

85.67 

85.95 

86.05

86.04 

86.07 

86.09 

86.11 

86.09 

85.94 

85.78
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 83 

Water levels In Flathead Valley - Continued

Date

1932 

Oct. 24 

Dec. 29 

1933 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 10 

May 6 

9 

13 

16 

20 

23 

27 

30 

June 3 

6 

10 

13 

17

20

24

27

July 1

5

8 

11 

16 

18 

22 

25 

Aug. 7 

30 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 16 

Dec. 7 

1934 

Mar. 16 

Apr. 23 

May 19 

June 22 

Aug. 4

Nov. 6

1935 

Feb. 17 

Mar. 18 

May 12 

23 

June 14 

July 30 

Sept. 9 

Oct. 27

Date

1928 

July 16

18

29

Aug. 10

17

26

Sept. 1

Oct. 3 

Nov. 2 

23 

Dec. 15

85 

85

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

87 

87 

88 

88 

89 

on

90

90

90

90

00

90 

90 

89 

89 

89 

89 

88 

87 

86 

86 

86

85 

87 

89 

89 

87 

86

85

85

85 

85 

85 

86 

89 

87 

86 

85

Rfi

86

86

86 

86 

86 

86

29

.80 

.49

.17 

.12 

.00 

.74 

.94 

.12 

.24 

.63 

.70 

.95 

.21 

.67 

.08 

.78 

.30 

.13

.63

.78

.79

F7C

.55

.38 

.15 

.88 

.70 

.43 

.26 

.57 

.59 

.82 

.51 

.49

.94 

.02 

.68 

.42 

.58 

.fifi

.87

.64

.32 

.24 

.85 

.15 

.06 

.96 

.67 

.92

38

.96

,92

.90

.88 

.84 

.84 

.84

30

87.15 

87.05

86.79 

86.75 

87.04 

86.87 

86.94 

84.84 

86.90 

86.90 

86.89 

86.89 

86.92 

86.93 

86.93 

86.92 

86.94 

86.98

86.96

87.03

87.06

87.09

87.14

87.20 

87.19 

87.21 

87.29 

87.29 

87.32 

87.44 

87.48 

87.47 

87.82 

87.99

87.21 

87.10 

87.17 

87.40 

87.64 

87.58

87.32

87.20

86.93 

86.95 

86.75 

86.77 

86.32 

87.08 

87.07 

86.96

39

86.80

86.63

86.60

86.28 

86.14 

86.05 

85.97

31

87.33 

87.49

87.40 

87.26 

87.37 

87.40 

87.38 

87.35 

87.38 

87.36 

87.44 

87.50 

87.46 

87.45 

87.43 

87.36 

87.49 

87.44

87.35

87.39

87.49

87.41

87.38

87.44 

87.36 

87.40 

87.41 

87.39 

87.41 

87.37 

87.46 

87.53 

87.46 

87.59

87.55 

87.53 

87.48 

87.51 

87.59 

87.68

87.52

87.66

87.49 

87.58 

87.42 

87.45 

87.40 

87.41 

87.44 

87.47

40

87.92

87.63

87.48

86.94 

86.90 

86.94 

86.77

32

88.93 

89.17

89.03 

89.89 

89.80 

89.82 

89.83 

89.74 

89.82 

89.77 

89.83 

89.82 

89.86 

89.86 

89.84 

89.80 

89.83

91.35 

91.25 

91.17 

91.10 

91.01 

90.76 

90.81 

90.58 

90.53 

90.41 

90.50

91.03 

91.48 

91.26 

90.88 

90.69 

90.46

on p"7

90.23

90.52 

90.57 

90.66 

90.69 

90.61 

90.24 

90.02 

89.92

41

89.92

89.63 

89.42 

89.33 

89.21

33

84.99 

86.36

85.52 

86.76 

86.06 

86.00 

86.04 

86.11 

86.04 

86.05 

86.08 

86.08 

86.11 

86.07 

86.06 

86.06 

86.06

96.67

95.31

94.31

93.79

93.20

92.89 

92.56 

92.14 

91.96 

91.64 

91.43 

90.58 

89.44 

88.68 

88.31 

87.92

87.59 

87.86 

87.54 

87.32 

86.97 

86.49

86.23

86.16

86.94 

86.81 

86.81 

86.36 

86.46 

86.04 

85.52 

86.24

43

89.92

89.73 

89.56 

89.49 

89.42

34

87.71 

87.75

87.59 

87.74 

87.78 

87.80 

87.79 

87.78 

87.82 

87.78 

87.86 

87.84 

87.59 

87.60 

87.60 

87.59 

87.67 

87.63

87.56

87.57

87.54

87.56

87.56

87.59 

87.56 

87.57 

87.56 

87.57 

87.55 

87.55 

87.51 

87.57 

87.56 

87.58

87.59 

87.69 

87.63 

87.66 

87.61

87.56 

87.64 

87.50 

87.63 

87.52 

87.43 

87.36 

87.34

44

89.45

89.45 

89.46 

89.47 

89.42

87 

87

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87

87

87

87

87

87

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87

86 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87

87

87

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87

91

91 

91 

91 

91

35

.60 

.47

.31 

.43 

.71 

.51 

.65 

.68 

.61 

.66 

.66 

.62 

.66 

.66 

.64 

.60 

.61 

.62

.57

.59

.58

.57

.55

.66 

.53 

.49 

.62 

.49 

.48 

.43 

.25 

.27 

.19 

.12

.33 

.23 

.16 

.24 

.21 

.20

.08

.10

.36 

.40 

.27 

.26 

.21 

.11 

.00 

.02

45

.55

.47 

.45 

.42 

.47

36

86.15 

86.03

85.94 

86.07 

86.08 

86.05 

86.15 

86.17 

86.10 

86.18 

86.17 

86.16 

86.17 

86.20 

86.17 

86.16 

86.16 

86.16

86.13

86.13

86.15

86.13

86.14

86.13 

86.13 

86.07 

86.12 

86.11 

86.10 

86.01 

86.06 

86.05 

86.00 

85.95

85.96 

85.98 

86.00 

86.02 

86.02 

86.03

85.94

85.95

85.90 

86.03 

85.97 

86.03 

85.98 

86.03 

85.92 

85.90

46

87.68

87.55 

87.39 

87.33 

87.25

37

85.73 

85.69

85.68 

85.94 

85.98 

86.01 

86.01 

86.02 

86.05 

86.09 

86.08 

86.07 

86.11 

85.10 

86.12 

86.08 

86.09 

86.10

86.06

86.07

86.07

86.04

86.05

86.07 

86.03 

85.99 

86.00 

85.96 

85.94 

85.80 

85.71 

85.66 

85.56 

85.70

85.87 

86.02 

86.07 

85.98 

85.96 

85.60

85.63

85.61

85.76 

85.87 

85.85 

85.93 

85.84 

85.62 

85.46 

85.42

47

89.43 

88.77 

88.51 

88.24
84 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels in Plathead Valley - Continued

Date 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47

1929

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

17

23

21

14

28

22

7

1

19

9

23

3

19

26

9-11

86.86

86.83

87.64

87.35

87.37

87.40

87.33

86.82

86.67

86.32

86.30

86.30

86.28

86.24

86.37

85.90

85.93

86.42

87.07

87.04

86.85

87.01

86.80

86.37

85.95

85.81

85.54

85.44

85.35

85.38

86

89

88

88

88

87

86

86

85

85

85

85

.74

.50

.90

.67

.18

.11

.43

.27

.92

.86

.89

.77

89.12

88.98

89.48

90.09

89.96

90.01

PQ O«7 . TO1 V

89.47

89.24

88.98

88.87

88.61

88.55

88.42

88.34

89.32

89.00

89.28

89.63

89.70

89.52

QQ ryz O«7 f O

89.67

89.53

89.32

89.24

89.08

89.03

88.89

88.88

89.44

89.39

89.45

89.65

89.68

89.67

89.64

89.62

89.53

89.36

89.29

89.26

89.22

89.21

89.20

91.48

91.48

91.66

91.70

91.74

91.77

91.78

91.71

91.65

91.56

91.50

91.36

91.37

91.28

91.29

87.27

87.14

87.58

87.69

87.74

87.83

87.89

87.72

87.46

87.23

87.14

86.99

86.91

86.80

86.76

87.89

87.25

87.47

87.74

87.68

87.78

88.93

89.87

89.66

89.08

88.69

87.68

87.32

86.76

86.41

1930

Jan.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

16-17

7

5

19-20

11

23-24

25

21

7

86.27

86.69

86.73

86.68

86.59

86.07

85.91

85.93

86.09

85.21

85.87

86.04

86.05

86.07

85.71

86.32

85.18

85.07

86

86

86

86

86

85

85

85

85

.02

.37

.84

.76

.74

.87

.38

.22

.31

88.24

88.70

88.68

88.69

88.66

88.35

88.13

88.09

87.92

88.78

88.88

88,81

88.83

88.79

88.67

88.44

88.44

88.31

89.08

89.42

89.32

89.34

89.34

89.13

88.99

88.94

88.85

91.14

91.58

91.74

.....

91.56

91.34

91.28

86.65

86.67

86.78

86.78

86.87

86.63

86.54

86.51

86.42

86.09

85.82

86.45

87.00

87.78

88.04

87.35

86.82

86.23

1931

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

26

27

21-22

17

30

10

13

8

30

19

28

86.12

86.47

86.52

86.57

86.50

86.29

86.24

86.04

85.91

85.91

85.81

85.11

85.66

85.50

85.62

85.62

85.58

85.29

84.96

84.81

84.46

84.44

85

85

86

85

85

85

85

84

84

84

84

.46

.98

.03

.95

.82

.60

.19

.93

.72

.54

.52

87.81

88.20

88.15

88.12

88.02

87.92

87.67

87.63

87.57

87.42

87.28

88.17

88.23

88.21

88.23

88.25

88.22

88.17

88.13

88.04

89.67

87.73

88.84

88.86

88.95

88.94

88.92

88.79

88.68

88.68

88.63

88.56

88.41

91.26

91.44

91.50

91.48

91.50

91.42

91.30

91.26

91.20

90.91

90.97

86.38

86.61

86.58

86.63

86.56

86.48

86.32

86.16

86.05

85.92

85.78

85.91

85.80

85.84

86.19

86.69

87.14

87.54

86.87

86.63

85.46

85.51

1932

Jan.

Mar.

May

June

July

Vug.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

26

24-25

10

18

4

7

13

20

27

5

10

16

24

29

86.12

87.22

87.02

87.01

87.01

86.95

86.91

86.82

86.69

86.67

86.22

86.25

86.21

86.21

85.11

85.44

85.66

85.73

85.91

85.88

85.96

86.11

85.98

86.06

85.33

85.10

84.92

84.76

85

85

86

87

89

89

89

89

89

88

86

85

85

85

.46

.82

.12

.40

.54

.52

.42

.88

.47

.65

.29

.83

.49

.60

87.81

87.97

88.42

88.47

88.50

88.48

88.47

88.38

88.47

88.42

88.08

87.94

87.96

87.71

88.17

88.19

89.53

88,52

88.57

88,51

88,53

88,53

88,52

88.51

88.29

88.16

88.06

87.98

88.84

89.04

89.12

89.11

89.13

89.08

89.06

89.07

89.07

89.06

88.70

88.69

88.67

88.63

91.26

91.59

91.86

91.72

91.57

91.64

91.71

91.72

91.70

91.68

91.45

91.35

89.28

89.17

86.38

86.45

86.50

86.50

86.57

86.57

86.55

86.53

86.62

86.46

86.13

86.05

85.95

85.91

85.91

86.18

86.66

90.01

95.63

94.33

94.79

94.30

93.82

93.02

90.14

88.79

87.84

87.23

1933

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

20

22

10

6

9

13

16

20

23

27

30

3

6

11

13

17

20

24

27

86.18

86.65

86.52

86.53

86.55

86.59

86.54

86.54

86.59

86.57

86.59

86.58

86.57

86.52

86.53

86.47

86.41

86.34

86.26

84.70

85.48

84.99

85.03

85.05

85.17

85.21

85.17

85.23

85.25

85.32

85.37

85.42

86.43

85.48

85.58

85.61

85.69

85.75

85

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

87

on«7U

Q9 «7b

. .

.52

.44

.47

.40

.61

.68

.69

.75

.70

.67

.72

.20

1 A. . L4

.65

 

87.67

87.81

87.97

87.92

87.91

87.96

87.98

87.97

88.04

88.03

88.05

88.08

88.08

88.05

88.06

94.47

93.54

87.87

88.05

88.13

88.12

88.11

88.17

88.16

88,14

88,19

88.16

88.19

88.19

88.20

88.17

88.18

88.20

88.17

88.21

88.22

88.55

88.69

88.73

88.66

88.63

88.69

88.75

88.75

88.85

88.74

88.77

88.75

88.74

88.72

88.72

88.70

88.71

88.71

88.68

89.18

89.49

89.46

89.45

89.49

89.51

89.54

89.55

89.55

89.55

89.56

89.55

89.55

89.55

89.54

89.54

89.53

89.61

89.49

85.93

86,31

86.19

86.19

86.27

86.28

86.29

86.26

86.26

86.26

86.28

86.30

86.23

86.25

86.26

86.29

86.34

86.53

86.62

86.91

86.90

86.75

86.94

86.99

87.13

87.25

87.38

87.49

87.65

87.78

95.25

 * 

98.12
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 85 

Water levels in Plathead Valley - Continued

Da

19

Sept 

Oct. 

Dec. 

19

Mar. 

Apr^ 

May

Sept

Nov.

Dec.

19 

Feb.

Mar. 

May

June 

July 

Sept 

Oct.

te

33

1

5 

8 

11 

15 

18 

22 

25 

7

30 

.28 

15 

7 

34 

16 

23 

19 

22

4

oil

6

21

35 

17

18 

12 

23 

14 

30 

. 9 

27

86

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86 

86

86 

86 

85 

85

86 

86 

86 

. 86

86

86

86

86

86 

86 

86 

86 

85 

85 

85

38

 ^1

.23 

.18 

.14 

.12 

.10 

.09 

.13 

.01

.02 

.01 

.97 

.97

.43 

.68 

.63 

.63

,3R

,2R

.15

.OR

.79 

.63 

.55 

.26 

.94 

.82 

.78

39

85.83

85.88 

85.93 

85.94 

85.94 

85.95 

85.89 

85.87 

85.63

85.45 

85.27 

85.11 

85.21

85.65 

85.88 

89.57 

86.31

85.59

85.49 

86.46 

85.59 

85.82 

85.67 

85.22 

84.95

40

92.23 

91.53 

90.98 

90.22 

89.92 

89.55 

89.35 

88.71

87.72 

87.09 

86.92 

87.73

88.38 

88.32 

90.98 

87.93

86.47

85.93

.85.88

86.17

86.30

86.42 

86.56 

88.50 

89.45 

86.50 

85.69 

85.14

41

93.07

92.02 

91.58 

91.24 

90.81 

90.64 

90.41 

90.28 

89.71

89.34 

88.93 

88.75 

88.95

88.65 

88.94 

88.96

88.58

88.38

88.10

87.99

88.03

88.13 

88.19 

88.20 

88.11 

87.91 

87.71 

87.62

43

88.28

88.34 

88.39 

88.41 

88.48 

88.54 

88.58 

88.61 

88.67

88.79 

88.76 

88.70 

88.71

88.95 

89.07 

89.10 

89.11

88.89

89.76

88.59

88.46

88.45

88.44 

88.45 

88.46 

88.46 

88.41 

88.24 

88.12

44

88.70

88.70 

88.69 

88.68 

88.53 

88.66 

88.67 

88.67 

88.63

88.71 

88.73 

88.74 

88.84

89.02 

89.09 

89.13 

89.07

88.93

88.53

88.81

88.82

88.90

88.94 

88.79 

88.88 

88.74 

88.65 

88.57 

88.46

45

89.48

89.46 

89.44 

89.45 

89.40 

89.38 

89.39 

89.37

89.24 

89.10 

89.10 

89.12

89.42 

89.50 

89.50 

89.45

89.99

89.17

89.06

89.07

89.22

89.30 

89.33 

89.39 

89.29 

89.15 

88.99

46

86.79

86.88 

86.91 

86.91 

86.93 

86.91 

86.88 

86.89 

86.86

86.80 

86.72 

86.63 

86.72

87.14 

87.31 

87.32 

87.14

86.74

86.59

86.37

86,38

86.48 

86.51 

86.53 

86.42 

86.14 

85.91 

85.78

47

97.62

97.05 

96.71 

96.42 

95.97 

95.62 

95.15 

94.83 

93.53

91.28 

89.88 

89.36 

89.49

89.12 

89.53 

95.58 

93.29

90.92

88.73

87.51

87.35

87.01 

87.31 

87.61 

92.87 

90.74 

88.99 

87.68
NEBRASKA

By Leland K. Wenzel 

HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OP PROGRAM OP WELL MEASUREMENTS

A cooperative investigation of the ground-water resources of Nebraska has been in progress since July 1, 1930, by the United States 

Geological Survey and the Conservation and Survey Division of the 

University of Nebraska, under the general supervision of 0. E. Meinzer, 

of the Federal Survey, and G. E. Condra, State geologist. Attention 

was concentrated until 1934 on a study of the geology and ground-water

resources of south-central Nebraska, including the part of the Platte

1

River Valley between Chapman and Gothenburg. As a part of the investigation in the Platte Valley single measurements of the depths to 

the water level were made in about 1,000 wells and periodic measurements were made on about 100 wells. In addition, several thousand 

water-level measurements in wells were made in connection with pumping

tests to determine the permeability and specific yield of the water2 

bearing materials.

As a result of increased interest in ground-water levels caused

by deficient precipitation and other factors, a State-wide program of

3 

water-level measurements in wells was begun in 1934. Included in

this program were about 60 of the wells on which periodic measurements 

were begun in 1930. In 1935 the water-level program was continued and 

an investigation was made of the.ground-water resources of Keith County, 

as a part of which measurements were made of the depths to water level 

in about 350 wells.

1 Lugn, A. L., and Wenzel, L. K., Geology and ground-water resources of south-central Nebraska, with special reference to the part 

of the Platte River Valley between Chapman and Gothenburg: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper (in preparation).

2 Wenzel, L. K., Recent investigations of Thiem's method for 

determining permeability of water-bearing materials: Am. Geophys. Union, 

Trans. 13th Ann. Meeting, pp. 313-317, 1932j Specific yield determined 

from a Thiem's pumping test: Am. Geophys. Union, Trans. 14th Ann. Meeting, pp. 475-477, 1933; The Thiem method of determining permeability 

of water-bearing materials and its application to the determination of 

specific yield: U. S. Geol. Water-Supply Paper 679-A, 1936.

3 Waite, H. A., Ground-water level survey in Nebraska: Nebraska 

Geol. Survey Paper 7, 14 pp., 1935. Wenzel, L. K., A State-wide program 

of periodic measurements of ground-water level in Nebraska: Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 16th Ann. Meeting, vol. 2, pp. 495-498, 1935.

86
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 87

In addition to the cooperative State-wide water-level program that 

is being carried on there are in selected areas wells that are being 

measured periodically by other agencies under the general supervision 

of the United States Geological Survey and the Conservation and Survey 

Division of the University of Nebraska. These programs include about 55 

wells in the vicinity of Grand Island that are measured by the city of 

Grand Island, about 175 wells in the vicinity of Columbus and Genoa that 

are measured by the Loup River Public Power District, and about 33 wells 

in Garden County that are measured by the United States Geological 

Survey. The Grand Island and the Columbus and Genoa programs were not 

begun until the fall of 1935, but the program in Garden County was 

begun in 1933, and the records are already of sufficient length to provide considerable information on ground-water level fluctuations in that 

area.

The State-wide water-level program includes about 350 wells on which 

measurements are made about once a month. In 1935 about 3,500 individual 

measurements were made in connection with this project. About 500 meastr ements of depth to water level in wells were made during the Keith County 

investigation in 1935, about 1,600 measurements were made by the United 

States Biological Survey In Garden County, and a total of about 600 

measurements were made on the Grand Island and Columbus and Genoa projects. 

In all, about 6,200 individual measurements of depth to water level were 

made on these projects in 1935.

The observation wells are measured by technically trained men who are 

assigned to cover periodically wells on selected routes. The wells of the 

State group are measured about monthly, and those in Garden County, near 

Grand Island, and near Columbus and Genoa are measured weekly. The measurements in connection with the State-wide program were made in 1935 by 

H. A. Waite, 0. J. Scherer, and Howard Haworth, all of the Conservation 

and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska, and the measurements 

on the other projects were made by the personnel of the other several 

agencies.

The observation wells in Nebraska are distributed somewhat uniformly 

throughout the State, in the Dakota Drift - Cretaceous, North-Central Drift -

Paleozoic, Great Plains Pliocene - Cretaceous, and Black Hills Cretaceous

4 

ground-water provinces."" The wells in the eastern part of Nebraska end

in glacial drift, alluvium in the stream valleys, or underlying Cretaceous 

or older hard-rock formations. In the central part of the State most of

4 Meinzer, 0. E., The occurrence of ground water in the United States 

with a discussion of principles: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, 

p. 311, 1923.
88 WATER LEVELS AKD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

the wells end in Pleistocene or Tertiary sand and gravel formations, 

except in the extreme south, where these materials are absent and the 

wells penetrate older formations. The wells of western Nebraska mostly 

end in Tertiary formations except in the stream valleys, where more 

recent sediments have been deposited, and in the northwestern part of the 

State, where wells penetrate rather meagerly productive Cretaceous formations.

The observation wells vary greatly in depth, type, diameter, and 

depth to water level. In general, the deepest wells are in the western 

part of the State and the shallowest wells in the eastern part However, 

this is true only on the uplands, because the wells in the valleys of 

the principal streams are mostly shallow. The deepest observation well, 

in Lincoln County, southwestern Nebraska, extends about 285 feet below 

the land surface, and the water level in it stands about 273 feet below 

the surface. On the other hand, many observation wells throughout the 

State are less than 10 feet deep. The water level in many of these 

shallow wells stands within 3 or 4 feet of the land surface. The diameters 

of the observation wells range from 1 inch (shallow driven wells sunk 

exclusively for observation) to 8 feet (the si ze of an irrigation well in 

the Platte Valley on which periodic measurements are being made). Most 

of the observation wells, however, are between 3 and 24 inches in diameter. 

Many types of wells are included in the program. In the glacial-drift 

area the wells are mostly dug or bored, and in the central and western 

part of the State, where the water-bearing materials are generally more 

productive, the wells are chiefly drilled or driven. The dug wells are 

usually cased with brick, stone, wood, or concrete, the bored wells with 

tile or galvanized-iron casing or iron pipe, and the driven wells with 

iron pipe.

Most of the observation wells are not in use, but a few are used for 

domestic purposes or irrigation. Irrigation wells in Nebraska are usually 

satisfactory for observation wells, because they are generally used only a 

few weeks in the summer and are idle for the remainder of the time. Records 

are being collected on a few domestic wells, in order that a comparison 

may be had between the fluctuations of water level in used and unused 

wells. Most of the wells are in areas unaffected by heavy withdrawals, and 

the water levels in them essentially reflect water-table conditions 

that is, the ground water is not confined under pressure.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 89

Definite and permanent measuring points, many of them the tops of 

the well casings, have been established at all the wells, and these 

points have been referred by Instrumental leveling to nearby bench marks 

set In permanent objects.

The records of water-level measurements In Nebraska from 1930 to

1935 have not been published. However, a report Is now In preparation

5 

that will Include the measurements and the location of the wells.

A brief statement of the decline of the water level In the Platte Valley

6 

from 1930 to 1934 was released as a mimeographed memorandum In 1935.

7

A summary of this memorandum was later reprinted. The well measurements are filed and may be consulted at the office of the United States 

Geological Survey In Washington, D. C., and at the office of the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska In Lincoln,

Nebr.

WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS

The water-level measurements have been made In the Platte Valley 

periodically since the fall of 1930, and hence these records provide more 

Information than the records of water levels that have been begun more 

recently. During the period of measurement the precipitation In the valley 

has been considerably below normal, and the water table has declined. The 

accumulative departure from normal precipitation at stations of the 

United States Weather Bureau at Grand Island and Kearney amounted to about 

25 Inches In the period from January 1, 1931, to January 1, 1936. This 

Is equivalent to the normal precipitation Of about 1 year. At Lexlngton 

the precipitation In this period has been about 11 Inches below normal.

The average water levels for 3-month Intervals from January 1, 1930, 

to January 1, 1936, In four groups of wells In the Platte Valley, segregated according to location and different depths to water, are given In 

the following table. The water levels are expressed In feet above an 

arbitrary datum, the datum assumed for each well being 100 feet below the 

water level In that well on January 1, 1935. The water level In each 

State observation well Is also referred to such an arbitrary datum, and 

hence the water-level fluctuations In any well or group of wells can 

readily be compared. The water levels on selected dates are determined 

by Interpolation.

5 Wenzel, L. K., and Walte, H. A., Fluctuations of ground-water 

level In Nebraska, 1930-35 (to be published by Nebraska Geol. Survey).

6 Wenzel, L. K., Four-year decline of the ground-water level In the 

Platte River Valley, Nebraska: U. S. Dept. Interior Press, Mem. 98079, 

2 pp., 2 Ills., April 1, 1935.

7 Hoyt, W. G., and others, Rainfall and run-off In the United 

States: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 772, pp. 269-273,1936.
90 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

A considerable quantity of ground water is withdrawn from wells 

for irrigation in the part of the Platte Valley between Grand Island 

and Kearney. On the other hand, there is considerable irrigation with 

water diverted from the Platte River in the part of the valley between 

Kearney and Gothenburg. The wells in these two parts of the valley have 

therefore been segregated. The wells in each part of the valley have 

been further segregated into groups according to whether the water 

level stands more or less than 10 feet below the land surface, in order 

to separate the different types of fluctuations that occur in wells 

with different depths to water level.

An inspection of the table shows there tas been an average net decline in water level from January 1, 1931, to January 1, 1936, in all 

groups of wells, but that the decline ranges only from 0.81 foot to 1.63 

feet. This decline has probably been caused by the deficiency In precipitation in this period. In only two years, 1932 and 1935, was there 

an average net rise of the water levels, and In these years the precipitation was about normal. In 1935 the average rise of the water levels In the different groups of wells ranged from 0.72 foot to 1.30 feet.

Average of water levels in wells expressed as heights above 

the arbitrary datum. In the Platte River Valley, Nebraska.

Wells between Wells between

Date

Jan. 1, 1931

Apr. 1

July 1

Oct. 1

Jan. 1, 1932

Apr. 1

July 1

Oct. 1

Jan. 1, 1933

Apr. 1

July 1

Oct. 1

Jan. 1, 1934

Apr. 1

July 1

Oct. 1

Jan. 1, 1935

Apr. 1

July 1

Oct. 1

Jan. 1, 1936

Grand Island

15 wells in

which the

water level

stands from

10 to 30

feet below

the land

surface.

(feet)

102.23

102.21

102.27

101.23

101.39

101.82

102.56

101.76

101.77

101.75

101.54

101.05

101.07

101.14

100.36

99.74

100.00

100.13

100.99

100.64

100.72

Net 5-year change -1,51

Net change in 1935 + .72

and Kearney

6 wells In

which the

water level

stands from

1 to 10

feet below

the land

surface.

(feet)

102.11

102.73

101.77

100.55

101.01

102.69

102.92

101.04

101.68

102.01

101.32

100.80

101.42

101.74

100.51

99.53

100.00

100.73

102.09

100.74

101.30

-.81

+1.30

Kearney and

10 wells in

which the

water level

stands from

10 to 30

feet below

the land

surface.

(feet)

102.58

102.50

102.31

100.58

101.05

101.33

101.55

100.83

100.96

101.03

101.14

100.83

100.97

100.92

99.83

99.84

100.00

100.40

101.73

100.82

100.95

-1.63

+ .95

Gothenburg

10 wells In

which the

water level

stands from

1 to 10

feet below

the land

surface.

(feet)

102.20

102.50

101.77

100.21

101.05

101.48

101.70

100.69

101.06

101.19

101.00

100.74

101.16

101.19

99.59

98.78

100.00

100.81

101.85

100.81

101.01

-1.19

+1.01
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 91

The average monthly water levels in 252 wells distributed throughout Nebraska are given in the following table. This table indicates that 

there has been an appreciable recovery of the water levels in Nebraska 

in 1935 from the low drought levels in 1934. The average net rise in 

1935 in the 252 wells amounts to 0.36 foot. The precipitation in 

Nebraska for the year, aa computed by the United States Weather Bureau, 

averaged 97 percent of normal.

Average of water levels in 252 wells scattered throughout Nebraska, 

expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum in each well.

Date

Oct. 1, 1934

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

Jan. 1, 1935

Feb. 1

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

Water level

99.54

99.73

99.90

100.00

100.08

100.16

100.26

100.47

Date

June 1, 1935

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept.l

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

Jan. 1, 1936

Water level

100.90

101.04

100.46

100.21

100.17

100.23

100.30

100.36

The net change in water level in different parts of Nebraska varied 

considerably in 1935. The water levels in many of the observation 

wells in the northeastern part of the State suffered net declines, 

whereas those in most of the wells in the southeastern part of the 

State rose appreciably. The precipitation in southeastern Nebraska 

in 1935 was about normal or above normal at most of the stations of 

the United States Weather Bureau, but the precipitation in northeastern Nebraska averaged only 81 percent of normal. Ground-water storage 

in southeastern Nebraska was severely depleted by the drought in 

1934, and hence the recovery of water levels in that area in 1935 is 

especially significant.

In the following tables are given descriptions of several observation wells in different parts of Nebraska and records of water 

levels for 1935. Pawnee County well 1 is in the valley of a tributary to the Nemaha River, in southeastern Nebraska, and ends in 

alluvium. Dakota County well 1 is on a hillside in northeastern 

Nebraska and taps water in the glacial drift. Gosper County well 1, 

in south-central Nebraska, penetrates the permeable Pleistocene sand 

and gravel that occur below the deposit of loess that underlies the 

plains south of the Platte Valley. Cheyenne County well 2 ends in 

the more or less consolidated Tertiary deposits that occur under the 

high plain between Lodgepole Creek and the North Platte River.
92 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Lincoln County well 7 is in the valley of the Platte River in central 

Nebraska, near the town of Brady, and taps the water in the permeable 

Pleistocene sand and gravel deposits that occur beneath the surface 

of the valley.

Records of observation wells in Nebraska

Pawnee 

County 

well 1

NE^ sec. 8,

Location T. 2 N.,

R. 11 E.

Owner or name E. Hunzeker

Type Dug

Depth (feet) 31.6

Diameter

(inches) 42

Type of casing Brick

Type of pump Force

Kind of power Electric

Use Stock

Measuring Top of

point casing

Distance of

measuring

point above

land surface

(feet) 1.0

Depth to water

level below

measuring point

on Jan. 1,1935

(feet) 21.36

Height of measuring point

above the arbitrary datum " 

(feet) 121.36

Water-bearing

formation Alluvium

Dakota 

County 

well 1

SE^ sec. 28.

T.27 N.,

R. 8 E.

R. Nelson

Bored

36.6

8

Tile

Force

Hand

None

Top of

wooden

platform

0.6

20.03

120.03

Glacial

drift

Gosper 

County 

well 1

NW-J sec. 6,

T.7 N.,

R. 21 W.

Larson

Estate

Drilled

132.3

3

Iron

None

....

None

Top of

pipe

0.4

117.85

217.85

Pleistocene

sand and

gravel

Cheyenne 

County 

well 2

NW£ sec. 2,

T.15 N.,

R.49 W.

A. Linn

Drilled

218.3

6

Galvanized

iron

None

 

None

Top of

casing

0.5

194.46

294.46

Tertiary

sand and

gravel

Lincoln 

County 

well 7

NEi sec. 14,

T. 12 N.,

R. 27 W.

Univ. of

Nebr.

Driven

18.3

1

Iron

None

....

None

Top of

pipe

1.7

6.91

106.91

Pleistocene

sand and

gravel

1 The arbitrary datum adopted for each well is 100 feet below the 

water level in that well on January 1, 1935.

Water levels, expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum, 

in several selected observation wells in Nebraska.

Date

Oct. 1, 1934

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

Jan. 1, 1935

Feb. 1

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

June 1

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept.l

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

Jan. 1, 1936

Pawnee 

County 1

98.65

99.08

99.90

100.00

99.76

99.76

99.79

100.42

102.26

106.71

103.59

101.71

102.88

104.73

. 105.07

104.65

Dakota 

County 1

97.20

98.21

99.14

100.00

100.73

101.36

102.01

102.42

102.41

100.01

97.49

96.74

96.46

97.43

98.55

99.22

Gosper 

County 1

99.86

99.88

99.93

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.02

100.03

100.00

99.94

99.87

99.78

99.66

99.89

99.79

99.68

Cheyenne 

County 2

100.12

' 100.12

100.08

100.00

100.02

100.08

99.96

99.81

100.12

100.07

99.84

99.79

99.91

99.88

99.67

100.02

Lincoln 

County 7

.« .

 0. .

.....

100.00

100.12

100.22

100.21

100.47

101.65

101.39

99.72

98.83

99.19

99.66

99.96

99.88
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 93

In the observation wells of the United States Biological Survey 

in Garden County there was not much average net change in water level 

from January 1, 1935, to January 1, 1936. In the preceding year, however, there were net declines of 1 foot or more in many of the wells, 

and hence the water levels in that area are still considerably below the 

levels at the beginning of 1934. The wells in Garden County are in the 

sand-hill area of Nebraska, where the water table is generally near the 

surface and where there are many lakes, whose levels usually denote the 

level of the water table. The sand and gravel formations of the sandhill area contain large quantities of ground water. In this area the 

drainage is undeveloped, and the opportunity for seepage of the precipitation to the zone of saturation is great. Records of water level 

in a typical observation well (No. 3) in Garden County appear in the 

following table. Well 3 is on the north side of Crescent Lake, in 

Garden County, and is owned by the United States Biological Survey. 

It is caged with an iron pipe 1-g- inches in diameter, equipped with a 

metal screen and drive point that extends about 6.5 feet below the land 

surface. Measurements of depth to water level are made from the top of 

the pipe, which is 1.2 feet above the land surface. On January 4, 1935, 

the depth to the water level below the measuring point was 5.80 feet, 

and the water stood 3,787.19 feet above mean sea level. The well ends 

in fine sand.

Water levels in observation well 3, on the Crescent 

Lake Bird Refuge, Garden County, Nebr.

(Measurements made by W. T. Krummes and E. W. Ladd, of the United 

States Biological Survey. The water level is expressed in feet above 

sea level minus 3,700.)

Date

Nov. 12, 1933

Nov. 19

Dec. 3

Dec. 9

Dec. 17

Jan. 17, 1934

Jan. 28

Feb. 12

Mar. 1

Mar. 12

Mar. 25

Apr. 8

Apr. 19

May 4

May 13

May 19

May 27

June 2

Water level 

(feet)

88.35

88.35

88.50

88.46

88.38

88.38

88.32

88.38

88.37

88.36

88.36

88.38

88.26

88.64

88.39

88.22

88.02

88.09

Date

June 11, 1934

June 16

June 23

July 1

July 8

July 14

July 21

July 29

Aug. 5

Aug. 12

Aug. 26

Sept. 2

Sept. 8

Sept. 23

Sept. 30

Oct. 7

Oct. 14

Oct. 21

Water level 

(feet)

87.72

88.09

87.89

87.77

87.51

87.51

87.34

87.39

87.27

87.25

87.40

87.60

87.44

87.46

87.41

87.46

87.32

87.54

77056 O 36
94 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels in observation well 3 Continued

Date

Oct.

Novi

Nov.

Nov.

Dec.

Dec.

Jan,

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Feb.

Feb.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Apr.

May

May

June

June

27, 1934

11

18

26

17

28

4, 1935

11

21

30

6

21

5

16

28

17

2

23

6

20

Water level 

(feet)

87.36

87.31

87.34

87.32

87.23

87.21

87.19

87.17

87.14

87.09

87.10

87.05

87.02 '

86.98

86.94

86.92

87.16

87.57

87.68

88.12

Date

July

July

July

Aug.

Aug.

Aug.

Aug.

Sept

Sept

Sept

Sept

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Nov.

Nov.

Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

3, 1935

16

24

2

9

19

26

. 4

.11

.18

.25

4

16

24

1

19

3

18

2, 1936

Water level 

(feet)

87.73

87.56

87.54

87.01

87.00

86.85

86.69

86.91

86.92

86.84

86.83

86.83

86.81

86.79

86.79

86.75

86.72

86.70

86.68
NEW JERSEY 

By Henry C. Barksdale 

HISTORICAL REVIEW

Probably the earliest records of Water levels in wells in New Jersey

are those of the static water level in three wells published by the New

1 

Jersey State Geological Survey in 1868. The State Survey has been in

existence since 1864, and investigation of the water-supply problems in 

the State was naturally made a part of its work soon after its establishment. The continuity of its work is emphasized by the fact that during 

that period of 72 years there have been only three State geologists 

Dr. G. H. Cook, who served from 1864 to 1889; Dr. John C. Smock, from 

1890 to 1901; and Dr. Henry B. Kummel, since 1901. The State Geological 

Survey has obtained numerous records of water levels in wells throughout 

New Jersey, and many of them have been published in its annual and special 

reports.

With the increased development of ground-water supplies, the need 

for more intensive studies to determine the safe yield of some of the 

water-bearing formations became apparent. In 1925 the State Department 

of Conservation and Development entered into a cooperative agreement with 

the United States Geological Survey for the purpose of making quantitative 

studies of the ground-water resources of the State. This cooperative 

arrangement was continued until 1927. Prom 1927 to 1951 the work was 

carried on independently by the State Department of Conservation and Development and its successor in water-supply matters the State Water Policy 

Commission. Formal cooperation with the United States Geological Survey 

was resumed by the State Water Policy Commission July 1, 1951, and has 

been continued since that time.

0. E. Meinzer, geologist in charge of the division of ground water 

of the United States Geological Survey, and H. T. Critchlow, division 

engineer of the Hew Jersey Water Policy Commission, have exercised general supervision over the work since its beginning. David G. Thompson, 

of the Federal Survey, was in charge of the work from 1925 through 

June 1927. Mr. Thompson was assisted at different times by E. W. Downs

1 Oook, G. H., Geology of New Jersey, pp. 701-708, 1868.

95
96 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

and H. C. Barksdale. From July 1927 to date Mr. Barksdale has been in 

charge of the work. In July 1931, when cooperation with the United 

States Geological Survey was resumed, Mr. Thompson renewed his connection with the work in an advisory capacity, and Raymond W. Sundstrom 

was assigned by the United States Geological Survey to assist in the 

work.

Most of the old records of water level obtained by the State 

Geological Survey are records of original static or pumping water levels 

in wells. Usually.no subsequent records of water level in the same well 

have been obtained. The water levels in a well at the Netherwood station of the Plainfield Union Water Co. have been measured periodically 

by the company's engineers since 1891. This is probably the longest 

series of measurements of the water level in a single well or well field 

in the State. When the quantitative investigations were started, in 1923, 

regular observations of water level were begun on many wells in the 

State. The records of water level in 44 wells that are now being measured 

are at least 10 years long. On 8 of these wells water-stage recorders 

have been maintained for this length of time. The remaining 36 have been 

measured at more or less regular intervals. With the progress of the investigation, the number of wells being measured has gradually increased, 

so that there are a good many other wells in which water levels have been 

measured for several years, but not yet as long as 10 years. 

AVAILABILITY OF RECORDS OF WATER LEVELS

Reference has already been made to the publications of the State 

Geological Survey and the annual reports of the State Geologist in which 

records of water levels have been published. In recent years the publications of the State Department of Conservation and Development, of 

which the State Geologist is now the director, have contained records of 

water levels. This is particularly true of Bulletins 30, 35, 38, and 39 

of this department, which are reports by Mr. Thompson on the progress 

of the quantitative investigations being made in the Atlantic City, Asbury Park, Canoe Brook, and Camden regions respectively. Records of 

the fluctuations of the water levels in the Morrell well and in 'some of

the other shallow wells nearby were published in the Transactions of

2 

the American Geophysical Union for 1933. A second report on the

Atlantic City region is soon to be published by the State Water Policy 

Commission. The unpublished water-level records obtained during the

2 Barksdale, H. C., A 10-year record of water-table fluctuations 

near Runyon, N. J.: Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 14th Ann. Meeting, pp. 

466-471, 1933.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 97

New Jersey quantitative ground-water investigations are filed at the 

office of the State Water Policy Commission in Trenton. Practically all 

of them are available for inspection by anyone interested. Some of the 

more significant records from each of the regions under study have been 

summarized on hydrographs, which can be blueprinted for distribution.

WATER-LEVEL WORK IN 1935

The water-level work in New Jersey for the calendar year 1935 was 

carried on under a cooperative agreement between the United States 

Geological Survey and the State Water Policy Commission. Voluntary cooperation was also given by numerous waterworks officials and owners or 

operators of private wells. During the year a total of 173 wells were 

measured at least once. Of this number 143 were measured more than 

once. The total number of individual measurements of water level made

during the year was 5,069.

» 

The program of water-level measurements in 1935 included daily

measurements by local observers of the,water level in 5 wells. Measurements were made approximately once a month in 137 wells, partly by the 

regular staff and partly by an observer employed to make regular rounds 

of measurements in about 75 wells in the vicinity of the Perth Amboy 

Water Works. The water level in 31 wells was measured occasionally by 

members of the regular staff.

During the year 29 water-stage recorders were maintained on wells in 

the State. Of these 3 were owned by water companies or industries and 26 

by the United States Geological Survey or the State Water Policy Commission. In all respects the most satisfactory records of water levels 

obtained in New Jersey during 1935 were those from these water-stage recorders. As the records are continuous, many fluctuations of water 

level which might otherwise never be suspected are made available for 

study. The additional expense of such records is usually more than justified by the more valuable results obtained. Undoubtedly many wells now 

being measured periodically could be advantageously equipped with automatic recorders.

Three broad ground-water provinces are covered by the ground-water 

level work in New Jersey the Coastal Plain, in the southeastern part 

of the State; the area of Triassic sandstones and shales, in the central 

part; and the area of glacial sand and gravel, in the northern part. 

Most of the work has been done on wells in the Coastal Plain province, 

because large ground-water supplies are more numerous there than in other 

parts of the State. No work has been done in the crystalline rocks of
98 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

the northwestern part of the State, because water supplies in them are 

irregular and uncertain,both in occurrence and in yield.

The wells measured range in depth from a few feet to more than 

1,000 feet and in diameter from lj Inches to 3 or 4 feet. The deeper 

wells are, without exception, drilled or bored wells with heavy casings* 

Most of them are wells that were formerly used as sources of water 

supply and have since been abandoned. A few are still being pumped. 

Many of the shallower observation wells, ranging from a few feet to 

about 100 feet in depth, were constructed during the course of the investigation in order to observe the water levels in them. Most of them 

are either 8-inch auger holes cased with light sheet-metal pipe or 

1^-inch driven-point wells. About 30 dug wells, most of which are still 

in use for rural domestic water supplies, are included in the wells 

measured monthly. Measurements were made of the water levels in 87 wells 

that extend only to the water table and in 86 wells that extend to beds 

in which the water is under artesian pressure. Only about 35 wells 

were measured in areas not affected by heavy artificial withdrawals of 

water. A definite and permanent reference point has been established 

at each observation well in the State. The altitudes of the measuring 

points have been determined by instrumental leveling at 107 of the 173 

wells measured in 1935.

FLUCTUATION IN 1935 OP WATER LEVELS 

IN ARTESIAN WELLS AFFECTED BY PUMPING

Most of the wells being measured in New Jersey are in areas 

affected by heavy pumping. In such areas the water level frequently 

depends more upon the rate of pumping than upon natural factors. The 

Longport well, which penetrates the 800-foot sand in the Atlantic City 

region, is an excellent example of an observation well in which the 

major fluctuations of water level depend primarily upon changes in the 

rate of pumping from the sand. It is more than a mile from the nearest 

pumping well, but the major fluctuations in it are unquestionably a 

direct result of the fluctuations in pumpage from the 800-foot sand in 

the region. In this well, which is on a narrow strip of land between 

the ocean and a tidal bay, there is a daily fluctuation of 2 or 3 feet In 

the water level, corresponding to the fluctuations of the tide and 

caused by the tidal loading and unloading of the bottoms of the ocean 

and bay. When this tidal fluctuation is masked by averaging the high 

and low levels for each day, a broad seasonal and long-term fluctuation 

becomes apparent. A study of this long-term fluctuation In conjunction
WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 99

with records of pumpage from the sand Indicates that It Is due primarily 

to changes In the rate of pumping. The Atlantic City region is primarily a summer resort, and the pumpage is therefore much higher in summer 

than in winter. Each year the lowest water level in the Longport well 

occurs early in September and the highest water level occurs during the 

winter, usually in February or March. Changes in the distribution of 

pumping in the region, tidal extremes, and probably barometric fluctuations affect the water level in the Longport well somewhat, but fluctuations of regional pumpage from the sand are the primary cause of the 

major movements of the water level in it. The general relation between 

the pumpage in the region and the water level in the Longport well is 

apparent from the following table.

Highest and lowest mean water levels in 14th avenue well

at Longport, N. J., and rate of pumpage from Atlantic City

800-foot sand in February and August each year, 1925-35

Year

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

Water levels

Highest

Depth to

water

(feet)

22.7

30.2

36.0

40.1

43.6

42.5

39.8

40.0

40.2

41.0

37.6

Date

Jan. 28

Feb. 10

Feb. 19

Mar. 18

Mar. 15

Mar. 8

Mar, 4

Mar. 6

Apr. 1

Jan. 28

Apr. 9

Lowest

Depth to

water

(feet)

41.7

45.8

56.2

57.0

62.1

58.4

58.1

57.4

56.4

56.3

55.6

Date

Sept. 12

Sept. 1

Sept. 7

Sept. 1

Sept. 3

Sept. 1

Sept. 14

Sept . 5

Sept . 4

Sept. 3

Sept. 2

Pumpage

gallons

February

5.207

6.627

7.909

8.276

7.967

7.292

6.741

6.019

5.346

6.387

(million

a day)

August

11.237

11.750

12.410

13.679

14.380

12.882

12.334

11.952

11.576

11.724

FLUCTUATIONS IN 1935 IN WATERTABLE WELLS NOT AFFECTED BY PUMPING

The best record in the State of the behavior of the water table, 

where it is not affected by pumping, is that of the fluctuations of 

water level in a dug well on the property of Joseph Morrell, near Old 

Bridge. A water-stage recorder has been maintained on this well since 

August 1923. The well is on low, flat, wooded ground entirely outside 

any recognized cone of depression. It was dug-especially for observations of water level and passed through fine clayey sand through its 

entire depth. The proportion of clay decreased toward the bottom, 

which is about 8 feet below the surface. The fluctuations of water 

level in this well are probably typical of the behavior of the water 

table in similar areas throughout the State, where the water table 

ranges from less than 1 foot to abo.ut 7 feet below the surface. Where
loo WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

the water table Is deeper Its seasonal fluctuations are somewhat different. The water levels In this well are recorded with reference to an 

assumed datum, which Is about 6.5 feet below the land surface and 70.12 

feet above mean sea level.

The height of the water level In this well above the assumed datum 

on the first day of each month from January 1935 to January 1936 and the 

average water level In the well on the same dates for the preceding years 

of record are given In the following table. The average water levels 

from January 1 to August 1 are based on 11 years of record; those from 

September 1 to December 1 on 12 years of record. An examination of the 

table Indicates that the water level In this well In 1935 was fairly 

close to the average throughout the year. It was above the average on 

January 1, 1935, but this was partly due to rainfall during the preceding 24 hours, as the water level on December 31, 1934 was 5.84 feet, or 

exactly the average for January 1. In July and August It dropped somewhat below the average, and In November It was somewhat above the average. 

On January 1, 1936, the water level was about half a foot below the 

average.

Water levels In Joseph Morrell well on the first of each month, January 

1935 to January 1936, and the average water levels on the same 

dates for the preceding years of record.

(All water levels are expressed In feet above the arbitrary datum.)

Date

Jan. 1, 1935

Feb. 1

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

June 1

July 1

Water

level

6.21

5.63

5.84

a 5.90

5.59

5.55

4.22

Average

water level

In preceding

years of

record

5.84

5.68

5.81

5.88

5.66

O R « AnTfcVJ

4.53

Date

Aug. 1,1935

Sept.l

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

Jan. 1,1936

Water

level

3.54

3 2.40

3.90

6.06

5.94

S Orr ^A. 

Average

water level

In preceding

years of

record

3.82

3.92

3.89

4.84

5.45

a Estimated from preceding and subsequent records, the recorder 

being temporarily out of order.

The Morrell well Is surrounded by a dense growth of deciduous bushes. 

During the growing season, when the water table Is falling and Is between 

1 foot and 3 feet below the land surface, there Is a marked diurnal 

fluctuation of the water level In this well. The water level falls much 

more rapidly during the day than during the night and occasionally It 

falls only during the day. It Is believed that this fluctuation Is 

caused by the varying demands for water of the plants surrounding the 

well at different hours of the day. At night the plants discharge comparatively little water by transpiration, but In the day time there Is
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 101

pronounced vegetal discharge. Direct evaporation from the soil may also 

he a partial cause of the fluctuations, but the ground is covered with 

forest litter, which tends to reduce direct evaporation; furthermore 

the fluctuation has been observed only during the growing season. The 

fluctuations usually appear only on falling stages, as the rising stages 

in this well always occur during or soon after precipitation, when the 

plants do not need to draw upon the water table for moisture. When the 

water table falls more than 3 feet below the surface the fluctuations 

fade out, probably because most of the plant roots do not extend deep 

enough to draw water freely from greater de-pths.

The average fluctuation of water level in about 30 observation

wells in the vicinity of Old Bridge has been computed for a series of

3

measurements which began in 1923. These wells are outside any recognized cone of depression. They have been separated into two groups on a 

basis of depth 24 of them less than 25 feet deep and 6 from 25 to 48 

feet deep. This division is somewhat arbitrary but serves to illustrate 

the fact that the deeper wells do not respond as quickly to precipitation 

as the shallow wells and that the seasonal fluctuations of the water 

level in them is therefore different.

Neither the average depth to water nor the average altitude of the 

water levels in these wells was considered particularly significant, because they vary considerably in depth and altitude. The average 

fluctuation of the water levels in them is believed to be a much more 

satisfactory composite figure. On a day when all the wells were 

measured the water level in each of them was arbitrarily assumed to be 

10 feet above an arbitrary datum for that well. The water levels on 

other days were averaged after being converted into altitudes referred 

to these assumed datum planes. When enough wells are included in the 

average this method permits the continuation of the average in spite 

of the necessity of discontinuing measurements in some of the wells 

that were originally included and the addition of other wells. If 

the averaged water level on a. given day is 11 feet, the water table 

is 1 foot higher on an average than it was on the base date. Similarly when the average is below 10 feet, the water table is lower on an 

average than it was on the base date. The level of 10 feet in any well 

must not be considered a normal or average water level in that well, 

for it is merely the assumed water level in the well on an arbitrary 

date. The record is not long enough to justify the computation of a 

3Barksdale, H. C., op. cit.
102 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

normal water level, but the average of the altitudes above the assinned 

datum planes seems to be about 11 feet for the shallow wells and about 

8 feet for the deep wells. It will be noted In the following table 

that the average water level In the shallow wells was somewhat higher 

in January 1936 than In January 1935, but the average in the deep wells was 

about 1-jjf feet lower. As suggested above, there Is a considerable lag 

In the response of the deeper wells to wet and dry seasons. In January 

1936 they were probably reflecting the dry weather In the summer of 

1935. Since the beginning of the series Of measurements, in October 

1923, the highest average water level observed In the shallow wells was 

13.72 feet on May 10, 1933, and the lowest was 6.72 feet on September 24, 

1932? whereas in the deep wells the highest average water level was 

11.85 feet on August 7, 1928, and the lowest 5.06 feet on October 20, 

1932.

Average water levels In water-table wells near Old Bridge, 

January 1935 to January 1936, in feet above the 

arbitrary datum for each well.

Date

Jan. 8, 1935

Feb. 6

Mar. 16

Apr. 16

May 13

June 6

July 5

July 13

Shallow 

wells

12.24

11.89

13.38

13.18

11.99

10.87

10.54

10.54

Deep 

wells

9.06

8.98

8.87

9.37

9.78

9.49

9.68

9.31

Date

July 19, 1935

Aug. 5

Sept. 9

Oct. 9

Nov. 19

Dec. 12

Jan. 14, 1936

Shallow 

wells

10.07

9.83

10.86

9.65

12.44

12.28

12.91

Deep 

wells

8.80

8.74

6.47

5.99

5.84

5.62

7.46

Descriptions of five typical wells in which water-level observations have been made periodically are given below, together with records 

of the measurements made in them during 1935.

Runyon old deep well 

Field Mo.i OD-10.

Owner; Perth Amboy Water Department, Perth Amboy. 

Location; Near pumping station, Runyon.

Description! 8-lnch well, 440 feet deep (last 33 feet In rock), screen 

set in No. 1 sand above rock.

Measuring point; Top of casing, 6.63 feet above mean sea level.

Water-level measurementst First measured, September 10, 1929. Highest 

observed water level, 1.11 feet below measuring point, on May 10, 

1933. (Flowed In 1914 when drilled and at intervals until 1330). 

Lowest observed water level, 42.03 feet below measuring point on 

October 8, 1935.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 103

Runyon old. deep well Continued

Date

Jan. 9

Feb. 8

Mar. 14

Apr. 15

May 14

June 7

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

,1935 11.12

14.65

13.75

17.24

16.44

16.30

Water level 

(feet below 

sea level)

4.49

8.02

7.12

10.61

9.81

9.67

Date

July 5

Aug. 8

Oet. 8

Nov. 19

Dec. 14

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

,1935 15.70

35.58

42.03

29.12

24.22

Water level 

(feet below 

sea level)

9.07

28.95

35.40

22.49

17.59

Runyon test well 

Field No.; Runyon S-l

Owner; Perth Amboy Water Department, Perth Amboy > 

Locationi About 50 feet south of well 50 at Perth Amboy Water Works,

Description; Auger hole cased with light sheet-metal pipe. Bored especially for water-level observations. Depth 12.5 feet, diameter 

8 inches.

Measuring point; Top of casing at seam, 16.49 feet above mean sea level.

Bench mark; Copper nail and washer marked "U.S.G.S.-W.R." in base of 

twin white oak tree between well S-l and well 50, 16.26 feet 

above mean sea level.

Water level measurements: First measured, January 25, 1924. Highest observed water level, 5.03 feet below reference point, April 16, 1935; 

lowest observed water level, dry (more than 12.8 feet below reference 

point) on several occasions.

Date

Jan. 8,1935

Feb. 6

Mar. 16

Apr. 16

Do

May 13

June 6

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

7.58

6.90

7.00

5.13

5.03

6.85

9.80

Water level 

(feet above 

sea level)

8.91

9.59

9.49

11.36

11.46

9.64

6.69

Date

July 3,1935

July 13

Sept. 16

Oct. 19

Nov. 19

Dec. 13

Depth Water level 

to water (feet above 

(feet) sea level)

12.35 4.14

Dry Less

than 3.7

Do Do

Do Do

9.00 7.49

8.66 7.83

Runyon farm well 

Field No.; F-3 

Owner; Clyde Bowne

Location; 1.6 miles north of Browntown, 300 feet west of'road on hilltop.

Description; Dug well about 46 feet deep.

Measuring point; Top of 4-inch sill on brick curb, 70.14 feet above mean 

sea level.

Bench mark; Copper nail and washer In root of apple tree in front of 

house, about 50 feet from well.

Water-level measurements; First measured, November 8, 1923. Highest 

observed water level, 38.65 feet below measuring point, October 

16, 1928; lowest observed water level, 46.00 feet below measuring point, March 11, 1932.
104 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Runyon farm well F-3 Continued

Date

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

July

8, 1935

6

16

13

6

3

13

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

41.30

41.62

41.44

41.15

41.10

41.12

40.22

Water 

(feet 

sea

28

28

28

28

29

29

29

level 

above 

level)

.84

.52

.70

.99 

.04

.02

.92

Date

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

19, 1935

5

. 8

8

19

12

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

41.36

41.60

41.89

42.37

41.80

43.04

Water 

(feet 

sea

28

28

28

27

28

level 

above 

level)

.78

.54

.25

.77

.34

27.10

Runyon farm well 

Field Ho.; F-14 

Owner; Wm. Jurman.

Location; Back of farm house west of side road about 0.6 mile north of 

point where it crosses the Browntown-Matawan road 0.6 mile east of 

Browntown.

Description; Dug well 17 feet deep.

Measuring points; Until September 9, 1931, top of wood frame in concrete 

cover over well; 42.54 feet above mean sea level. Since September 9, 

1931, top of concrete cover over well, 43.24 feet above mean sea 

level.

Bench mark; Copper nail and washer marked "U.S.G.S.-W.R." in tree c.bout 

100 ft. southwest of well, 44.51 feet above mean sea level.

Water-level measurements; First measured, December 13, 1923. Highest

observed water level, 4.12 feet below measuring point, May 19, 1924, 

38.42 feet above mean sea level; lowest observed water level, 

16.42 feet below measuring point, October 20, 1932, 26.82 feet 

above mean sea level.

Date

Jan. 8, 1935

Feb. 6

Mar. 16

Apr. 16

May 13

June 6

July 3

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

7.20

7.30

6.01

5.18

5.32

6.57

8.08

Water level 

(feet above 

sea level)

36.04

35.94

37.24

38.06

37.92

36.67

35.16

Date

July 13,

July 19

Aug. 5

Sept. 8

Oct. 8

Nov. 19

Dec. 12

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1935 8.76

9.22

10.19

11.90

12.98

12.35

9.90

Water level 

(feet above 

sea level)

34.48

34.02

33.05

31.34

30.26

30.89

33.34

Roth well 

East Paterson region

Owner; Charles Roth.

Location; At rear of Mr. Roth's residence on Falmouth Avenue, East 

Paterson.

Description; Drilled well, depth 175 feet, diameter 6 inches, cased to 

rock at a depth of 84 feet.

Measuring point; Top of casing, 48.63 feet above mean sea level. 

Bench mark; None. Measuring point permanent.

Water-level measurements; First measured, August 23, 1926. Highest

observed water level, 4.83 feet below measuring point, August 23, 

1926 (flowed when drilled); lowest observed water level, 65.91 

feet below measuring point, November 5, 1930.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Roth well Continued

105

Date

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

10, 1935

11

22

16

27

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

64.60

55.93

52.45

52.69

58.09

Water level 

(feet below 

sea level)

15.97

7.30

3.82

4,06

9.46

Date

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

8, 1935

.10

14

6

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

64.76

64.66

64.64

64.97

Water level 

(feet below 

sea level)

16.13

16.03

16.01

16.34
NEW MEXICO

LEA COUNTY

By C. V. Theis

A cooperative ground-water investigation in Lea County by the United 

States Geological Survey and the State engineer of New Mexico, involving 

among other projects the measurement of about 20 observation wells at 

monthly intervals, has been in progress since 1930. Three water-stage 

recorders are maintained. Records of water levels in the observation 

wells have been published in the 10th and llth Biennial Reports of the 

State engineer. Most of the shallow-water area is capped by a dense 

limestone, but in a small part of it the limestone is not present. In 

that part which is capped by the limestone water-level fluctuations are 

very small, amounting generally to only a few hundredths of a foot in a 

month. In the part in which the limestone is not present, the fluctuations of the water level are much more pronounced.

Eight of the observation wells are so far removed from localities 

of heavy pumping as to show no apparent effects due to pumping. The 

greatest individual fluctuation in any one of these wells in any one 

month was 0.16 foot, and the greatest average fluctuation of all eight 

in any one month was a rise of 0.04 foot in August and September 1933, 

when a severe drought was broken. Prom a study of the rise of water 

levels in these wells during periods of rainfall and of the decline of 

the water levels during periods of drought, it has been concluded that 

the average recharge to the water body in Lea Coiinty does not exceed half 

an inch of water a year, which is about 4 percent of the precipitation.

HBJBRES VALLEY

The Himbres Valley is essentially the lowland portion of the 

potential drainage basin of the Mimbres River, in southwestern New Mexico, and coincides largely with the area of Luna Qounty. The wide bolsons of the Uimbres Valley in Luna County are underlain by thick sedimentary deposits, including beds of sand and gravel that contain 

considerable water, most of which is within 150 feet of the surface. 

 The ground-water supply is derived chiefly from the Uimbres River and 

from San Vicente Arroyo ""fl other tributaries, but minor contributions 

are made by the run-off from Cooks Range «r»fl the Florida Mountains and 

106
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 107

by rainfall on the valley floor northward from Spalding. Practically none 

of the recharge cornea from rainfall on the valley south of Spalding. 

Though the amount of water stored in the bolson deposits is large, the 

annual recharge to the underground reservoir is relatively small.

Irrigation with water from wells began in this area in 1908, and by 

1915 nearly 200 wells had been constructed and equipped with pumping 

plants. Much of the early development was unsuccessful and ultimately 

was abandoned. About 1923 there was a revival in development, and in 

recent years there have been about 100 to 120 pumping plants in operation 

for the irrigation of 6,600 to 7,000 acres.

In connection with a study of the geology and ground-water conditions

1 

of this area by Darton in 1910 to 1913, much information in regard to

the wells and water levels was obtained. In 1913 the depth to the water

levels was measured by A. T. Schwennesen in five wells, on which he made

2 

pumping tests.

In 1927 A. G. Piedler made a brief examination of the area with 

respect to the ground-water conditions and developments, and measured 

the water levels in several of the wells previously reported by Darton

or Schwennesen. The records of these measurements were published in

3 

1928. An intensive investigation of the ground waters of Mimbres Valley

was begun in 1928 by W. N. White, of the United States Geological Survey, 

through cooperation with the State engineer. In connection with this 

investigation measurements of the water levels were made in many wells 

and several water-stage recorders have been operated for different periods 

on representative wells. Monthly or other periodic measurements have 

been made in a number of selected observation wells since 1928, and the 

observation-well program is still being continued and is giving valuable 

results. The water-level records have been compiled in several reports 

prepared by Mr. White and have been published in the 9th, 10th, and llth 

biennial reports of the New Mexico State Engineer, the most comprehensive

compilation being in the 10th report. Information on the subject is also

4 

given in a report by White published in 1931. It is contemplated that

the records of current and future measurements will be published in biennial reports of the State engineer.

1 Darton, N. H., Underground water of Luna County, N. Mex.: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 345, pp. 25-40, 1915; Geology and underground water of Luna County, N. Mex.: TJ. S. Qeol. Survey Bull. 618, 

1916; TJ. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Deming folio (no. 207), 1917.

2 Darton, N. H., op. cit., Water-Supply Paper 345, p. 38.

3 Piedler, A. G., Report of reconnaissance of the ground-water 

area of the Mimbres Valley, Luna County, N. Mex.: New Mexico State 

Engineer 8th Bienn. Rept., pp. 160-171, 1928.

4 White, W. N., Preliminary report on the ground-water supply of 

Mimbres Valley. N. Mex.t TJ. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 637, 

pp. 69-90,
108 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

PORTALES VALLEY 

By C. V. Theis

An investigation of the ground-water supply in Portales Valley, 

Roosevelt County, was begun in 1931 by the United States Geological Snrvey and the State engineer, and has been carried on continuously since 

that time. Portales Valley is a broad, shallow depression in the High 

Plains, under a large part of which the ground water is within 50 feet 

of the surface. About 300 pumping plants supply water for the irrigation of about 10,000 acres of land and withdraw annually somewhat over 

20,000 acre-feet of ground water. The water levels in about 40 observation wells have been measured monthly since January 1932, and water 

levels in about 150 wells have been measured annually since January 

1935. Five automatic water-stage recorders are maintained. Records 

of water levels in the observation wells have been published in the 

10th and llth biennial reports of the State engineer.

The fluctuations of water levels in these wells during the period 

of measurement have shown that in certain sandy areas abnormally large 

amounts of rainfall are followed by an immediate rise in the water 

table, but over the larger part of the valley the effects of pumping 

have masked whatever variations in recharge there may have been. The 

water levels in the observation wells rose on an average about 0.2 

foot from January 1932 to January 1933 and about 0.3 foot from January 

1933 to January 1934, but they fell on an average about 1.2 feet from 

January 1934 to January 1935 and about 0.8 foot more from January 1935 

to January 1936, giving an average net decline in the 4-year period of 

about 1.5 feet. During 1932, because of sharply diminished pumping, 

the water levels rose in the area that is usually most heavily pumped 

but fell in outlying areas, but despite further reduced pumping in 

1935 the water levels fell in the entire valley except in the easternmost part, where heavy rains in August caused an immediate rise and an 

average rise for the year of the water levels of all the wells*
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 109

ROSWELL ARTESIAN BASIN 

By A. G. Fiedler

The Roswell artesian basin is in the Pecos Valley, in southeastern

New Mexico. The first systematic observations of the head of the arte5

sian water in this area were made by C. A. Fisher in June 1904 in connection with an investigation of the artesian basin. As an outgrowth 

of the report on this investigation, artesian-well supervisors were appointed by Chaves and Eddy Counties in 1905, and during the period from 

1905 to 1918 many measurements of the head of the artesian water were 

made at irregular intervals.

The observations made by the artesian-well supervisors were never 

prepared systematically for publication, but they were studied and

utilized in connection with later investigations of the area and are

. 6 

discussed in reports issued by the United States Geological Survey and

7 

the State engineer. These early measurements of head are especially

valuable because they furnish a basis with which later observations can 

be compared and the long-term trend of the head of the artesian waters 

in this area can be determined. In 1916 0. E. Meinzer made a reconnaissance survey of the area and measured the head in several artesian 

wells.

The work of the well supervisors in measuring the head of the 

artesian wells was practically discontinued in 1918, and no further 

observations were made until 1925, when the United States Geological 

Survey started an intensive investigation of the artesian basin in cooperation with the State engineer and with Chaves and Eddy Counties. 

In the fall of 1925 two wells were equipped with water-stage recorders, 

and these recorders have been continued in operation essentially without interruption. Daily observations were started on one well in the 

northern part of the artesian area in July 1925 and were continued 

until July 1, 1928. In June 1926 a water-stage recorder was placed in 

operation on another well in this same general region, and continuous

5 Fisher, C. A., Preliminary report on the geology and underground 

waters of the Roswell artesian basin, N. Hex.: U. S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Paper 158, pp. 20-21, 1906.

6 Fiedler, A. G., and Nye, S. S., Geology and ground-water resources 

of the Roswell artesian basin, N. Hex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 639, pp. 194-218, 1933.

7 Fiedler, A. G., Report on investigations of the Roswell artesian 

basin, Chaves and Eddy Counties, N. Mex., during the year ending June 30, 

1926: New Mexico State Engineer 7th Bienn. Rept., pp. 31-43, 1926. 

Piedler, A. G., and Nye, S. S., Ground-water investigation of the Roswell 

artesian basin, N. Mex.t New Mexico State Engineer 8th Bienn. Rept., 

pp. 91-98, 1928.

77056 O 36 8
110 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

records were obtained until November 1928. Detailed records of the observations made by the Geological Survey In the artesian basin during the 

period 1925 to 1928 are published In Water-Supply Paper 639 and the 7th 

and 8th biennial reports of the State engineer.

In the fall of 1925 the Geological Survey began more or less regular 

observations on about 100 representative artesian wells scattered throughout the basin, and these measurements were continued for about one year, 

However, it was found to be impossible to evaluate properly the effects 

of interference caused by the operation of other artesian wells In the 

vicinity, and therefore periodic observations at short intervals were 

discontinued. Only one observation a year was made on these wells thereafter usually late In December or early In January of each year, when 

Interference caused by the operation of other artesian wells is at a

Though the intensive Investigation was essentially completed in 

1928, cooperation with the State engineer was maintained by the Geological 

Survey during 1929 and 1930, and an artesian-well supervisor worked under 

the supervision of the State engineer. Observations were continued on 

the three recorder-equipped artesian wells and on the 100 artesian wells 

that were measured once each year during December or January. These 

observations are recorded and discussed In a report published In the 

llth biennial report of the State engineer. Since 1930 observations have 

been continued by the artesian-well supervisor under the supervision of 

the State engineer and the Pecos Valley Conservancy District, and his 

observations are published in the biennial reports of the State engineer.

During the course of the investigation of the artesian waters of 

the Roswell basin considerable local interest was displayed in the development of shallow ground water for the irrigation of a small area in 

the Rio Felix basin, west of Hagerman. As about 580 acres was In 1927 

already under cultivation and being irrigated with water obtained from 

shallow wells, a brief field study was made of the area. In connection 

with this study, 35 shallow wells were measured at irregular intervals 

during 1927 and 1928 and a water-stage recorder was operated over one 

shallow well from March 19, 1927, to April 16, 1928. The observations 

made during 1927 and 1928 on the shallow wells in the Felix area are 

discussed In Water-Supply Paper 639 and In the 9th biennial report of 

tha State engineer. During June 1932 a number of the shallow wells
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 111

previously under observation were again measured, and the results of these

8 

observations are given in the 10th biennial report.

The Roswell artesian basin lies in the.trans-Pecos Paleozoic groundwater province. The artesian wells derive their supply from Carboniferous 

limestone to which Nye has applied the name "Picacho limestone." The 

artesian wells range in diameter from 6 to 15 inches, but most of the 

wells are 8 inches in diameter. The wells differ widely in depth according to their location, being shallowest in the northern part of the area, 

where they range chiefly from about 200 to 600 feet, and deepest in the 

south-central and southern parts of the area, where they range from 600 

to 1,450 feet. The wells in the Felix area are water-table wells and 

are chiefly 10 inches in diameter and about 100 feet in depth. Both 

the artesian wells and the water-table wells on which observations have 

been made are situated chiefly in areas in which there are relatively 

heavy withdrawals of water, especially during the irrigation season.

The observation wells have been tied in to sea-level datum by 

means of instrumental leveling, and at all of them measuring points 

from which all measurements are made have been established.

The fluctuations of the artesian head in the Roswell basin, as 

indicated by the observations on three representative artesian wells 

equipped with water-stage recorders, are shown in the tables below. The 

mean monthly water levels shown in the tables were ascertained by averaging the mean daily water level determined from an inspection of the 

recorder graph or, for days of wide fluctuations, by averaging the water 

level for fractional parts of a day. The mean annual water level was 

determined by averaging the mean monthly water levels. The records for 

the three wells for the period January 1, 1932, to June 30, 1934, are 

taken from records published in the llth biennial report of the State 

engineer. The records for the period July 1, 1934, to December 31, 

1935, were supplied through the courtesy of the artesian-well supervisor 

of the Roswell basin.

8 Piedler. A. G., and Nye, S. S.. Progress report of the Roswell 

artesian basin investigation: New Mexico State Engineer 10th Bienn. 

Rept., pp. 179-180, 1932.
112 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Mean monthly and mean annual artesian head In three observation 

wells In the Roswell artesian basin

Berrendo well

Location: SW^SW^- sec. 9, T. 10 S., R. 24 E. 

Depth and size: 258 feet deep, 10 Inches In diameter. 

Depth to artesian aquifers: 170 feet; 241 feet.

Measuring point: Chisel-cut square at southwest corner of concrete curb 

of well pit, level with the land surface; altitude 3,586.2 feet. 

Add 3,500 feet to the levels given In the table to convert them to 

sea-level datum.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual

1926

9 9

. .

. .

. .

71.7

70.2

69.5

70.8

73.1

73.9

74.2

...:

1927

74.1

73.7

72.5

71.0

69.9

70.0

69.1

69.1

69.7

71.0

71.7

72.2

71.2

1928

71.9

71.5

70.8

69.8

70.2

69.0

67.8

69.8

70.9

71.5

72.5

72.0

70.6

1929

71.2

70.4

69.7

68.7

68.6

69.1

67.7

67.9

67.8

69.0

70.1

70.3

69.2

1930

70.6

69.9

68.4

66.9

68.5

69.1

66.9

66.8

67.3

70.1

71.2

71.9

69.0

1931

72.0

71.7

70.0

69.8

70.3

68.7

67.3

68.3

67.5

69.1

68.1

71.1

69.5

1932

71.7

71.4

71.1

69.2

68.7

67.8

67.2

66.8

69.1

71.2

71.8

72.3

69.9

1933

72.6

72.4

71.3

69.8

69.0

68.2

67.4

66.9

68.2

69.2

69.9

70.6

69.6

1934

70.5

70.4

69.9

69.7

68.0

67.1

65.1

64.8

66.3

67.2

68.4

69.4

68.1

1935

69.3

68.9

68.5

66.5

67.1

65.7

64.4

63.8

66.4

67.2

68.0

68.9

67.1

Orchard Park well

Location: NW-jNWi sec. 23, T. 12 S., R. 25 E. 

Depth and size: 810 feet deep, 8 Inches In diameter. 

Depth to artesian aquifers: 790 feet.

Measuring point: Chisel-cut cross at top of well casing, about 1.5 feet 

above surfaces altitude 3,547.7 feet. Add 3,500 feet to the levels 

given In the table to convert them to sea-level datum.

Year 1925 1926

Jan. . 30.7

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

B

.

.

.

.

.

29.2

24.6

24.0

22.2

20.2

18.3

Aug. 25.9 18.0

Sept. 28.5 23.0

Oct. 32.0 31.7

Nov. 33.0 33.1

Dec. 31.6 33.2

1927

34.0

29.5

24.1

19.0

17.1

18.3

17.8

20.0

21.0

25.7

27.9

28.7

1928

28.2

26.0

21.6

19.0

19.0

17.7

16.5

25.0

25.5

27.0

31.5

31.7

1929

29.7

28.3

22.2

16.5

15.6

15.4

14.8

16.7

15.3

23.0

32.5

32.3

1930

29.7

24.4

18.0

16.5

18.1

18.4

13.5-

14.2

17.2

27.9

33.6

33.6

1931

32.4

30.0

23.0

20.4

23.5

18.5

17.4

21.5

17.8

29.2

31.3

33.6

1932

34.4

30.3

25.6

16.5

18.8

22.0

19.9

14.2

24.8

35.2

36.1

36.5

1933

34.2

29.8

23.7

17.8

16.9

17.8

15.7

14.8

21.7

28.2

30.9

32.7

1934

29.0

25.9

23.9

17.7

17.1

14.9

10.2

10.6

19.5

2*4.4

29.3

32.2

1935

27.0

27.1

23.4

15.8

19.9

16.7

10.9

8.8

19.2

27.1

31.3

32.4

Annual 25.7 23.6 22.3 21.9 22.1 24.9 26.2 23.7 21.2 21.6
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 113

Artesla well

Location: SW^NW^ sec. 32, T. 17 S., R. 26 E. 

Depth and size: 861 feet deep, 8 Inches In diameter.

Measuring point: Chisel-cut cross In top of well casing, about 0.5 foot 

above surface; altitude 3,406.7 feet. Add 3,300 feet to the levels 

given In the table to convert them to sea-level datum.

Year 1925 1926

Jan. . 98.0

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

92.5

83.6

77.8

77.0

78.5

79.5

79.3

Sept. 87.2 84.6

Oct. 94.0 93.7

Nov. 97.3 97.4

Dec. 97.3 95.0

Annual .... 86.4

1927

90.7

86.4

83.5

84.0

84.2

83.0

77.2

76.0

80.0

87.6

88.5

88.5

84.1

1928

85.5

82.9

79.5

76.8

78.5

76.7

74.2

83.5

87.5

89.5

91.5

93.0

83.3

1929

90.5

82.5

78.2

73.9

80.0

85.0

79.3

80.5

82.0

82.0

94.5

94.0

83.5

1930

90.0

85.0

79.9

75.3

80.8

86.3

73.8

72.2

79.7

90.9

93.4

92.6

83.3

1931

92.1

90.4

86.7

81.3

86.9

82.3

78.7

83.1

83.0

90.5

93.2

95.9

87.0

1932

97.3

93.8

92.7

81.9

86.7

82.5

77.7

77.5

85.9

94.9

97.1

96.7

87.2

1933

95.5

95.0

91.0

84.9

84.7

81.9

79.8

77.6

82.0

90.4

93.7

92.4

87.4

1934

87.8

87.6

84.2

82.0

83.5

83.0

76.3

74.2

79.0

83.8

87.7

90.1

83.3

1935

87.1

86.0

83.7

78.3

85.0

80.1

78.8

70.9

84.4

89.5

93.3

95.3

84.4

The records for all three wells Indicate a major seasonal fluctuation 

In the artesian head and a marked response to changes In the draft from 

wells for Irrigation and to changes In precipitation. The head Is generally highest during the period December to March and then declines 

more or less abruptly In response to draft for Irrigation, generally 

reaching its lowest stage In July or August. It recovers during the 

fall as the Irrigation demand Is reduced and again reaches a high stage 

during the winter. It Is difficult to segregate the effect of precipitation on the recovery of the artesian head from the effect caused by 

the reduction In draft for Irrigation, because the draft Is generally 

reduced rather promptly when precipitation of any consequence occurs. 

However, there Is ample evidence to show that substantial recharge to 

the artesian reservoir occurs each year.

The mean annual artesian head recorded for the Berrendo well, In 

the northern part of the basin, declined more or less uniformly during 

the period 1927 to 1930 and was 2.2 feet lower In 1930 than In 1927. 

It gradually recovered during 1931 and 1932, the mean In 1932 being 

1.8 feet higher than that In 1930. There was a slight decline In 1933 

and a more pronounced decline In 1934 and 1935, doubtless because of 

the marked deficiency In precipitation, which In turn caused a heavy 

draft for Irrigation. The mean annual head for 1935 was 2.8 feet less 

than that In 1932.
114 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The mean annual artesian head In the Orchard Park well declined during 1926 to 1929 and was 3.8 feet lower In 1929 than In 1926. It recovered from 1930 to 1932, however, and the mean annual head In 1932 was 

4.3 feet higher than It was In 1929. During 1933 to 1935 the head again 

declined and the mean annual head for 1935 was 4.6 feet less than that 

for 1932. The mean monthly water levels appear to Indicate that deficient precipitation during the Irrigation season caused unusually 

heavy draft for Irrigation.

The mean annual artesian head In the Artesla well, In the southern 

part of the basin, declined during the period 1926 to 1930 and was 3.1 

feet lower In 1930 than In 1926. The head recovered markedly In 1931 

and moderately In 1932 and 1933, and the mean annual head for 1933 waa 

4.1 feet higher than that for 1930. During 1934 there was a decline 

of 4.1 feet, but In 1935 a recovery of 1.1 feet occurred, and the mean 

annual head for 1935 was 3.0 feet less than In 1933.
NEW YORK

LONG ISLAND

By D. G. Thompson

Historical statement

The possibility of a public water supply for the city of Brooklyn, 

on Long Island, was considered as long ago as 1834, but such a supply,

at first obtained from surface sources, was actually not in use until

1 

1856, when the population of the city was about 260,000. Prom the

very first consideration was given to wells as a source of supply, and 

until the public supply was completed most of the population undoubtedly 

obtained their water from wells. However, the early investigations did 

not favor ground water, and the earliest public supply from wells seems 

to have been put in service in 1882.

The first significant study of the possibility of using wells was

2

made by John S. Stoddard in 1854. In his report he gives the altitude above sea level of the water level in several wells in Brooklyn.

A report by James P. Kirkwood, in 1867, contains a contour map 

of the water table in the territory between Jamaica and Hempstead and

extending from the shore of Jamaica Bay inland approximately to the

3 

latitude of Mineola. This map is believed to be the first attempt in

the United States to represent the position and shape of the water 

table by means of contours.

1 For a historical review of the developments of ground-water 

supplies and of geological and hydrological investigations see DeVarona, 

I. M., History and description of the water supply of the city of 

Brooklyn, especially pp. 145-237, 1896} Brush, W. W., Development of 

surface and -ground waters of Long Island for the supply of the Borough 

of Brooklyn, with historical notes on the Ridgewood system and other 

worksi Board of Water Supply of City of New York, Report on Long 

Island sources, vol. 1, pp. 257-302, 1912j Puller, M. L., The geology 

of Long Island, N. Y. i U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 82, pp. 4-20, 

1914.

2 Stoddard, J. S. (city surveyor), Report on the subject of 

supplying Brooklyn with water by the well system: Documents and 

Plans submitted by the Water Committee to the Common Council of the 

City of Brooklyn for the year 1854, Dec. 9, pp. 87-99, 1854.

3 Kirkwood, J. P., The Brooklyn waterworks and sewers, a 

descriptive memoir, New York Board of Water Commissioners, 1867. 

Neither the map nor the report show definitely the date of collection 

of field data on which it is based. A statement on page 5 suggests 

that the field work may have been done between October 1859 and 

March 1860, with some elaboration of details up to January 1861.

115
116 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

In 1903 the City of New York at frequent intervals measured the water 

level in 1,378 wells, of which 1,045 were already existing domestic or

other wells, and 333 were 2-inch wells driven especially for purposes of

4 

observation and the collection of samples of material. Of these, 147

existing wells and 46 new wells were in the Borough of Queens, 396 

existing wells and 239 new wells in Nassau County, and 502 existing 

wells and 38 new wells in Suffolk County. Between March 1 and November 

1, 1903, when the observations were ended, 37,042 measurements were 

made. On the basis of these observations a map was prepared showing

contours of the water table on July 1, 1903, in the Borough of Queens,

5 

Nassau County, and the western third of Suffolk County.

During this investigation, for some unknown reason, no observations 

on water level were made in the Borough of Brooklyn. However, in 1933 

Thomas H. Wiggin prepared a map which in addition to showing the contours of 1903, as Just described, showed their continuation from the 

Borough of Queens into the Borough of Brooklyn. On the basis of his 

interpretation and interpolation of a variety of records, including 

altitude of water level reported by Stoddard in 1854, ground-water

levels obtained from records of test borings for subway construction

6 

and trunk-sewer invert and ground elevations, an approximate idea

of the change of level in Brooklyn can be made by comparison of Wiggin's map with a contour map compiled in 1933 in connection with

7 

hearings before the New York Water Power and Control Commission.

In 1908 the City of New York Board of Water Supply made further

studies in Suffolk County and extended the contour map of the water

8 

table as far east as the longitude of Riverhead.

4 Burr, W. H., Hering, Rudolph, and Freeman, J. R., Report of 

the Commission on Additional Water Supply for the City of New York, 

p. 51, New York, A. B. Brown Co., 1904.

5 Idem, plate 8 opposite p. 810. A map of the water table, 

with the contours essentially similar to those on this map, and apparently based on the same data, but with some modifications, was 

published in Veatch, A. C., and others, Underground water resources 

of Long Island, Hew York: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 44, pi. 12, 

1906.

6 Wiggin, T. H., Engineering report submitted by New York 

Water Service Corporation to State of New York Water Power and Control Commission in the matter of application of the City of New 

York (No. 681) *#* for securing an additional water supply from subsurface sources in the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens and in the 

County of Nassau, 1934.

7 Lease, W. P., Subsurface water supply of western Long Island 

and its utilization: Municipal Engineers Jour., 1st quarterly issue, 

map opposite p. 24, 1934.

8 Board of Water Supply of the City of New York, Long Island 

sources, an additional water supply for the City of New York, vol. 1, 

sheet 6, opposite p. 108, 1912.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 1

Measurements of the water level in a considerable number of wells, 

principally the 2-inch wells driven for the purpose, were continued by 

the City of New York until 1916, and in a few wells through 1918; but 

there are breaks ranging from several months to several years in the 

records of many of these wells. Apparently no measurements were made 

between the end of 1918 and the late part of 1931. Since that time the 

City of New York Department of Water Supply, Gas, and Electricity has 

measured a considerable number of the 2-inch wells (commonly known as 

test wells) at frequent intervals. These records have been made available to the United States Geological Survey. Since January 1932 the 

Geological Survey, in cooperation with the State of New York, Water 

Power and Control Commission, and Nassau and Suffolk Counties, has 

also measured some of these and other wells. In addition it has maintained automatic water-stage recorders on a total of about 25 wells. 

Of these about 10 have been more or less permanent installations, 

with records ranging from 4 years to less than 1 year for those most 

recently installed.

The contour map of the water table on July 1, 1903, has generally 

been .considered to show the "original" altitude and shape of the water 

table. However, the validity of this assumption may be questioned, 

for three reasons. First, pumping for public supplies was begun in 

some of the well fields of the Brooklyn Water Department as early as 

1882. In the second place, the more or less detailed observations 

since 1903 show seasonal fluctuations of the water level in many wells 

of several feet, and within the period of observation maximum fluctuations of 5 to 8 feet or more. Finally, a study of the records of 

precipitation and of information in regard to the level of Lake Ronkonkoma which is, so to speak, a huge open well, whose level 

fluctuates with the water table shows that in earlier years the 

water table was probably much lower than in 1903. Lake Ronkonkoma

is reported to have been at very low stages in 1857 and 1885 and at

9 

a very high stage in 1893. The maximum fluctuation of the lake

has been 18 feet or more, but it has been estimated that the fluctuation of the water table has not been more than 10 or 12 feet. These 

observations are in general accord with the record of precipitation 

in New York City. According to the record published by the United 

States Weather Bureau for New York City, covering the period 1826 to

9 Burr, W. H., Bering, Rudolph, and Freeman, J. R., op 0 cit., 

pp. 817-819.
118 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

10 

1930, there was a dry period from 1831 to 1861, inclusive, during which

the precipitation exceeded the 105-year mean (42.01 inches) in only 7 

years and in 1835 reached the all-time recorded low of 28,78 inches. At 

the end of 1861 the accumulated deficiency was about 90 inches, or more 

than the precipitation of two "average" years.

It is noteworthy that, according to the contours on the map of 1867

shown in Kirkwood's report, the water table in that early year was in

11 

some places from 3 to 5 feet lower than in July 1903, and as low or

lower than the lowest level reached during any subsequent period of

12 

heavy pumping from wells. After 1861 there were numerous years of

excess precipitation, and the deficiency decreased in an irregular manner until it was wiped out and there was an accumulated excess, which 

reached a maximum of about 35 inches in 1903, An intermediate low 

point, not as low as that of 1861, was reached about 1885, and an intermediate high point about 1890, roughly coinciding with periods of 

low and high level of Lake Ronkonkoma mentioned above. Prom 1903 to 

about 1916 the annual precipitation showed only comparatively minor 

departures from the mean, but from 1916 to 1932 there was an irregular 

but increasing accumulated deficiency, which, however, was only moderate compared to the maximum deficiency reached about 1861,

All these facts point rather definitely to the conclusions that 

there has been no definite "original" position of the water table, 

that the water table was near its highest level when the data were 

collected for the contour map of 1903, and that at times within the 

period of historic record the more "natural" level that is, before there was any extensive pumping was several feet lower than 

in 1903. The facts are especially significant in showing that 

notable recovery of the water table is possible after long periods 

of deficient precipitation. The precipitation record, of course, 

raises the question whether Long Island has yet experienced the 

lowest point of the present rainfall cycle or whether deficiencies 

comparable to those of the first half of the nineteenth century may 

yet be experienced.

10 Climatic summary of the United States, section 83, eastern 

New York, U. S. Weather Bureau, p. 21, (1934?).

11 Burr, W. H., Bering, Rudolph, and Freeman, J. R., op. cit., 

p. 821.

12 Lease, W. P., op. cit., profiles opp. p. 30, 1934. Also unpublished records.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 119 

Geologic conditions

All the observation wells on Long Island penetrate unconsolidated

13 

deposits. The water-bearing beds may be divided into three groups.

First and uppermost are beds of sand and gravel of middle or late Pleistocene age. The water in these beds throughout almost the entire island 

occurs under water-table conditions. Next in geologic age is the Jameco 

gravel, of early Pleistocene age. The water in this gravel is generally 

but not everywhere under artesian pressure. Next and lowermost are Cretaceous beds in which two water-bearing zones are recognized. The upper 

of these zones is of Magothy age, and the lower is the Lloyd sand. The 

Lloyd sand is nearly everywhere .overlain by thick beds of clay, and the 

water in it is under artesian pressure. Impervious beds over the 

Magothy sands are apparently less widespread, and water-table conditions 

may occur in the Magothy in some places. There is some evidence that 

erosion channels have been cut locally through all confining clay beds, 

including those over the Lloyd sand, and from place to place there is 

a transition from artesian to water-table conditions perhaps within 

distances of a few hundred or a few thousand feet but certainly within 

distances of a few miles of a given observation well. The intake areas 

of all formations are definitely believed to lie on Long Island.

The records obtained by automatic recorders on several deep wells 

in which the water is known to be under artesian pressure generally 

show fluctuation due to changes in atmospheric pressure, whereas similar records for wells where a water table exists show no such fluctuaations or only slight fluctuations. Accordingly, it is believed that 

pronounced barometric fluctuations in wells may be regarded as indicating that artesian conditions probably exist.

The atmospheric fluctuations of water level may be as much as 

6 to 12 inches in a few days, and fluctuations of equal or much greater 

amounts are produced by pumping of other wells at distances of a few 

feet to as much as 2-|- miles. For such wells occasional measurements 

or single measurements at regular intervals may not reveal the true 

trend of the water table or artesian head from year to year unless the 

secular movement is greater than the fluctuations due to temporary conditions. Rather, it becomes necessary to endeavor to correct for the 

temporary fluctuations a task at best difficult and in many cases 

impossible to accomplish or, as a simpler method, to plot in some

13 Thompson, D. G., Wells, F. G., and Blank, H. R., Recent 

geologic studies on Long Island with respect to ground-water supplies 

Tabstract); Geol. Soc. America Bull., (in press!.
120 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

detail the movement of the water level from day to day, and from the 

graph thus prepared draw by Inspection a generalized curve to show the 

major seasonal and annual fluctuations.

» Records of water levels

On the following pages are shown the highest and lowest depths to 

the water level recorded each year, with dates of measurement, In several water-table wells for which long-time records are available. These

figures are based largely on records furnished by the City of New York,

14 

Department of Water Supply, G-as, and Electricity, The lowest water

level on the first day of each month Is also given for several wells on 

which water-stage recorders have been maintained by the United States 

Geological Survey since March 1932. Because of the necessity of driving 

new wells to replace old ones, with disturbance of measuring points, the 

long-time records are given In feet above sea level, based on occasional 

relevellng. Other records are given In feet below the measuring points.

New York Water Service Corporation test well (U.S.G-.S. well 23k) 

(Probably artesian conditions)

On southwest side of East 98th Street, near Rutland Road, Brooklyn. 

Well Is 8 Inches in diameter and was drilled to a depth of 383.6 feet 

but was later plugged at a depth of 295 feet. The well casing was perforated between depths of 280 and 290 feet. Measuring point, top of Instrument shelf, about 2.3 feet above the land surface, which Is about 40 

feet above sea level. An automatic water-stage recorder has been operated on this test well since Sept. 7, 1932. The test well Is about 41 

feet southwest of a 101-foot well and about 18 feet northeast of a 

295-foot well, both of which are used for public water supply. Pumping 

from the 101-foot well has essentially no effect on the water level In 

the test well, but It Is affected by pumping from the 295rfoot well and 

probably other wells nearby. Normally during 1935 the water level In 

the test well fluctuated through a range of about 0.5 foot each week.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month, 

In feet below measuring point

Month

April

1932

62.05

62.12

62.27

1933

62.24

62.36

62.42

62.38

62.42

62.37

62.83

63.10

62.70

63.15

62.96

63.05

1934

63.11

63.04

63.30

62.92

63.32

63.39

63.69

63.79

C.'Z. QTf

64.04

63.92

63.92

1935

63.99

64.07

64.06

63.91

64.06

64.00

64.20

64.50

64.60

64.72

64.98

64.79

1936

64.78

14 In several years, particularly since and Including 1932, as Indicated by footnotes, the water-table wells were measured at Infrequent 

Intervals, In some Instances not for several months before or after the 

usual times of high or low level In previous years. Therefore the lowest and highest levels for the years Indicated may not be comparable 

with these levels In other years.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 121

New York City Department of Water Supply abandoned well, formerly 

owned by Citizens Water Supply Co., pumping station no. 1 

(Probably water-table conditions)

On southeast side of Cornish Street between Queens Boulevard and 

Foyer Street, Elmhurst, Well is 6 inches in diameter and about 50 feet 

deep. Measuring point, top of instrument shelf, about 4.5 feet above 

ground, which is about 15 feet above sea level. An automatic waterstage recorder has been operated on this well since April 20, 1933. The 

water level in this well may be slightly affected by pumping in the 

vicinity. The water level responds readily to rainfall. Normally the 

water level fluctuates through a range of less than 1 foot each week.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month 

in feet below measuring point

Month 1933 1934 1935 1936

April

May

July

a Dec. 27, 

b Jan. 28,

18.02 

18.12

18.15

18.38

17.94

17.29

17.58

17.93

1933. 

1934.

a 17.76

b 17.05

c 17.31

16.85

16.90 

16.77

d 17.00

17.50

16.39

16.56

16.69

c 

d

15.95 16.

15.69

15.15

15.47

16.00 

16.53

17.06

17.06

17.35

17.33

17.25

Mar. 3, 1934. 

Estimated.

65

 

New York City California stovepipe well No. 3 (U.S.G.S. well 674c) 

(Water-table conditions)

3,500 feet S 0 49° E. from intersection of Udalls Road and Hunter 

Avenue, about 2 miles west of Bayshore. Well is 16 inches in diameter 

and 200 feet deep. Measuring point, top of instrument shelf, about 2.9 

feet above ground, which is about 30 feet above mean sea level. An 

automatic water-stage recorder was operated on this well from June 22, 

1933, to Oct. 31, 1935. Tape measurements were made about weekly from 

Dec. 2, 1935, to date. Normally the water level fluctuates through a 

range of only a few tenths of a foot during a week.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month 

in feet below measuring point

Month 1933 1934 1935 1936

March

April

July

December

14.57

14.35

13.57

14.27

14.81

14.54

b 14.08

c 14.26

1 *2 Qfl

12.23

12,41

13.24

14.15

14.90

14.96

b 15.09

14.80

14.20

13.27

b 12.53

12.75

13.08

13.72

14.28

14.80

15.29

15.20

b 15.60

d 15.33

a 15.22

.....

a Dec. 31, 1935. c Mar. 7, 1934. 

b Estimated. d Dec. 2, 1935.
122 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

J. M. Hill well 

(Probably artesian conditions)

On Wheatley Road near Cedar Swamp Road, Wheatley Hills. Well is 6 

inches in diameter and about 300 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 

6-inch casing, at about ground level, 218.77 feet above mean sea level. 

An automatic water-stage recorder has been operated on this well since 

September 21, 1932. The water level in this well fluctuates as much as 

0.5 foot in response to changes in atmospheric pressure. Normally the 

water level fluctuates through a range of less than 1 foot each week.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month 

in feet below measuring point

Month 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936

April ......

October 141.75

a Estimated, 

b May 27, 1933.

142.62

142.36

142.36

142.35

142.73

b 142.52

c 142.40

142.32

142.04

142.03

a 141.88

142.08

141.65

141.70

a 141.74

141.43

141.43

141.19

140.67

140.39

140.02

139.58

a 139.50

139.20

139.00 137.78

a 138.90 ......

138.57 ......

138.52 ......

138.21 ......

a 137.90 ......

a 137.70 ......

a 137.50 ......

c July 11, 1933.

Village of Preeport abandoned well 

(Artesian conditions)

At municipal power station on Sunrise Highway, Preeport. Well is 

 12 inches in diameter and is reported by different persons to be 1.025 

and 1,100 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 12-inch casing, about 0.3 

foot above ground, which is about 20 feet above mean sea level. An 

automatic water-stage recorder has been operated on this well since 

March 15, 1932. Presumably the well penetrates the Lloyd sand. The 

nearest known pumping from this formation is 5 to 6 miles distant. It 

is reported that on completion the well flowed and had a head of 1 or 

2 feet above the ground surface. The water level fluctuates as much 

as 0.5 foot in response to changes in atmospheric pressure. Normally 

the water level fluctuates through a range of less than 6 inches each 

week.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month 

in feet below measuring point

Month 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

....

....

2.42

2.23

2.65

3.00

4.92

5.53

4.76

3.96

3.06

3.14

2.43

2.27

2.17

2.50

2.73

3.58

4.90

5.48

4.44

3.38

3.18

2.63

2.60

2.97

2.41

2.73

2.56

3.58

5.26

5.52

4.28

3.27

2.89

3.03 4

a 3.25

3.46

3.12

3.10

a 3.65

b 4.71

5.14

....

....

4.57

a 4.00

05

a Estimated. b July 15, 1935.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 123

Village of Rockvllle Centre abandoned well 

(Water-table conditions)

At municipal power station, Morris and Maple Avenues, Rockville 

Centre. We'll is 8 inches in diameter and 46.3 feet deep. Measuring 

point, top of 8-inch casing at about the level of power-house basement 

floor, about 5 feet below ground level, which is about 26 feet above 

mean sea level. An automatic water-stage recorder was operated on this 

well from January 20 to August 23, 1934. Tape measurements were made 

about weekly from August 31, 1934, to date. A few hundred feet distant 

is a 550-foot well that is pumped daily, but this has no effect on the 

water level in the observation well. The observation well is beneath 

the power house, and for a radius of 5Q feet or more the ground surface 

is largely covered by the building or pavements. Normally the water 

level fluctuates through a range of about 0.2 foot during the week.

Depth to water (lowest during the day from Feb. 1 to Aug. 1, 1934), 

in feet below measuring point

Date

Feb. 1,1934

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

June 1

July 1

Aug. 1

31

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

6.56

7.01

6.14

5.54

5.65

6.13

6.82

7.40

Date

Sept. 28, 1934

Nov. 2

30

Dec. 28

Feb. 1,1935

Mar. 1

29

Apr. 26

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

6.71

6.86

7.14

7.18

6.64

5.84

5.95

6.36

Date

June 7,1935

21

Aug. 5

Sept. 4

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 3

31

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

7.05

7.18

7.90

8.02

8.37

8.64

8.66

8.84

New York City Department of Water Supply abandoned well

Bayslde No. 10 (U.S.G.S. well 2381)

(Artesian conditions)

Near Northern Boulevard at old New York City Bayside pumping station, 

Bayside. Well is 6 inches in diameter and about 375 feet deep. Measuring 

point, top edge of 6-inch flange, about 5 feet above ground level, which 

is about 9 feet above mean sea level. An automatic water-stage recorder 

has been operating on this well since September 20, 1933. The well ends 

in the Lloyd sand. The water level in this well is considerably affected 

by pumping from two wells that end in the Lloyd sand at the New York City 

Flushing pumping station, about 2.5 miles distant. Changes in atmospheric 

pressure affect the water level in the observation well. Normally, when 

the pumpage from the two wells at Flushing is constant, the water level 

in the observation well fluctuates through a range of only a few tenths 

of a foot during a week. However, when the Flushing wells are shut down 

or started up the water level in the observation well has fluctuated more 

than 4 feet in one month.

Lowest water level on the first day of each month 

in feet below measuring point

Month 1933 1934 1935 1936

March . 

April 

May . 

June . 

July 

August . 

September . 

October c 11.7 

November 11.2 

December 10.2

10.38 

10.06 

9.52 

10.45 

c 15.17 

16.32 

13.78 

4 13.54 

9 d 15.76 

2 15.42

20.05 

20.92 

21.04 

a 19.56 

b 20.26 

21.05 

20.43 

21.43 

22.77 

20.76 

18.22 

19.09

19.30

 * * 

 * 

 

 o 

 

 * 

 

 

a Apr. 5, 1935. 

b May 3, 1935.

c Estimated, 

d Nov. 2, 1934.
124 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

New York City test well SU-81

About 1-g- miles northwest of Bayshore, at northwest corner of Sacitkos 

Manor Lane and road 0.1 mile south of Bayshore Road. Measuring point, top 

of 2-inch pipe, 0.6 foot above ground, or 41.49 feet above mean sea level. 

No pumping of appreciably magnitude nearby. The water level in the test 

well was first measured on Oct. 21, 1912. Measurements were made at irregular intervals,about bimonthly. A total of about 45 measurements have 

been made. The water levels are given in feet above mean sea level.

Year

1912 a

1913

1914

1932 a

1933

1934 a

1935

Lowest

Water level

26.74

26.68

26.29

25.00

25.64

28.20

Dry

Date

Dec. 7

Dec. 12

Nov. 5

Nov. 2

Jan. 5

Aug. 1

Sept. 20

Highest

Water level Date

27.39 Oct. 21

30.94 Apr. 23

30.11 May 26

26.73 Aug. 4

29.07 Apr. 27

29.51 May 16

29.42 Mar. 15

a Record for year incomplete.

New York City test well SU-86

About 1^ miles southwest of Brentwood, on east side of Sacitkos 

Manor Lane about 1,000 feet south of Long Island Railroad; main line. 

Measuring point, top of 1-| inch pipe, 0.9 foot above ground, or 89.87 

feet above mean sea level. No pumping of appreciable magnitude nearby. 

The water level in the test well was first measured Oct. 21, 1912. 

Measurements were made at irregular intervals, about bimonthly. A 

total of about 50 measurements have been made. The water levels are 

given in feet above mean sea level.

Year

1912 a

1913

1914

1932 a

1933

1934 a

1935

Lowest

Water level

50.16

49.61

49.37

45.57

45.24

50.15

48.46

Date

Dec. 7

Jan. 10

Jan. 23

Dec. 1

Feb. 23

May 16

Jan. 11

Highest

Water level Date

51.09 Oct. 21

52.79 May 21

52.87 June 17

47.17 Aug. 4

48.49 June 7

50.22 Aug. 1

51.02 May 10

a Record for year incomplete.

New York City test well SU-75

About 2j miles east of Babylon, on east side of Sacitkos Manor 

Lane about 4,250 feet south of Long Island Railroad; Montauk Branch. 

Measuring point, top of 1^-inch pipe, 0.7 foot above ground, or 15.85 

feet above mean sea level. No pumping of appreciable magnitude nearby. 

The water level in the test well was first measured Oct. 21, 1912. 

Measurements were made at irregular intervals, about bimonthly. A 

total of about 40 measurements have been made. The water levels are 

given in feet above mean sea level.

Year

1912 a 

1913 

1914 

1932 a 

1933 a 

1935 a

Lowest

Water level Date

10.16 Oct. 21 

9.85 Aug. 20 

9.64 Oct. 7 

9.45 Sept. 12 

11.01 Jan. 5 

10.12 Sept. 20

Highest

Water level Date

10.75 Dec. 7 

11.70 Apr. 23 

11.60 Mar. 20 

10.82 Dec. 1 

11.52 Feb. 23 

11.50 Mar. 1

a Record for year incomplete,
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 125

New York Board of Water Supply test well CH-201

At junction of Williston Avenue and Bacon Road, near Westbury. 

Measuring point, top of 1-g-inch pipe, 0.4 foot above ground, or 112.31 

feet above mean sea level. Well is about 7 miles north of the nearest 

pumping by New York City, and the water level in it is probably only 

indirectly affected by this pumping. The water level in the test well 

was first measured May 12, 1913. In the earlier years measurements were 

made about semimonthly; in more recent years about monthly. A total of 

about 170 measurements have been made. The water levels are given in 

feet above mean sea level.

Year

1913 a

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1932 a

1933 a

1934 a

1935 a

Lowest

Water level

76.51

76.21

76.21

74.81

72.96

71.31

70.49

70.08

71.53

74.11

Date

Dec. 22

Dec. 31

Dec. 8

Dec. 30

Dec. 17

Dec. 26

Dec. 5

Feb. 27

Jan. 8

Nov. 11

Highest

Water level

78.06

78.36

77.51

76.31

74.66

73.36

71.81

71.93

74.08

75.65

Date

May 26

June 1

Mar. 26

May 5

Apr. 23

Apr. 4

June 13

Oct. 25

Dec. 5

May 10

a Record for year incomplete.

New York City test well M-183

North of Williams Street on west side of Massapequa Road, near 

Parmingdale. Measuring point, top of 1-J inch pipe, 0.8 foot above 

ground, or 78.72 feet above mean sea level. Well is about 3 miles 

north of New York City's infiltration galleries, pumping from which 

probably produces moderate direct effect on the water level in the 

test well. The water level in test well was first measured Feb. 5, 

1909. In the earlier years measurements were made about semimonthly; 

in more recent years about monthly. A total of about 240 measurements 

have been made. The water -levels are given in feet above mean sea 

level.

Year

1909

1910 a

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1932

1933

1934

1935 a

Lowest

Water level

51.03

50.83

51.92

51.12

50. 7S

50»62

49. S?

47. C«

47.65

49.34

49»<:5

Date

Dec. 14

Jan. 3

Nov. 29

Dec. 27

Dec. 28

Jar,- 6

Dec 21

Jeo, S6

Jar-a 24

Jar,,, 3

Uov. 11

Highest

Water level

54.08

52.73

55.12

54.77

54.02

54.02

53.02

49.20

50.32

52.23

52.76

Date

June 1

Apr. 11

June 5

May 15

June 11

Mar. 18

May 11

May 26

June 7

May 16

Apr. 5

a Record for rear Incomplete. 

77056 O 36 9
126 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

New York City test well S-45

100 feet south of Pittsburg Avenue on west side of Main Street in 

Massapequa. Measuring point, top of 1^-inch pipe, at ground level, 32.50 

feet above mean sea level. Well is about half a mile north of New York 

City's infiltration galleries, pumping from which produces considerable 

direct effect on the water level in the test well. The water level in 

the test well was first measured June 6, 1903. In the earlier years 

measurements were made about weekly; in more recent years about monthly. 

A total of about 530 measurements have been made. The water levels are 

given in feet above mean sea level.

Year

1903 a

1904

1905

1906

1907

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1932

1933

1934

1935 a

Lowest

Water level

20.57

20.42

19.62

19.02

19.02

16.70

17.50

17.35

16.80

16.95

16.30

16.97

18.82

18.47

17.10

Date

Dec. 5

Dec. 25

Nov. 30

Dec. 24

Sept. 27

Jan. 2

Dec. 26

Dec. 24

Dec. 11

Jan. 7

Dec. 20

Jan. 26

Nov. 28

Oct. 5

Nov. 1

Highest

Water level

22.52

22.97

23.12

22.67

21.37

21.55

23.20

22.45

21.65

21.30

20.80

20.28

22.00

22.27

21.95

Date

July 4

May 6

Apr. 13

Apr. 17

Apr. 22

Dec. 25

Apr. 1

Apr. 30

May 13

Feb. 17

Apr. 26

Apr. 21

Apr. 27

Apr. 23

Mar. 1

a Record for year incomplete.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 127

CENTRAL NEW YORK 

By A. W. Harrington

Records of water levels have been obtained on three observation wells 

in central New York by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation 

with the New York State Department of Conservation. This work is under 

the direction of A. W. Harrington, district engineer of the Geological 

Survey. Observations were begun in August 1933 on the well in Cortland 

County and in October 1934 on the wells in Chenango and Delaware Counties. 

All three wells are now equipped with automatic recorders.

Shackham Brook well 1

Latitude 42°46'00 H , longitude 76°01'10",, On top of hill about 300 

feet upstream from stream-gaging station, 500 feet to left of Shackham 

Brook, and about 5 miles north of Truxton, Cortland County. Dug well 

lined with three 2^-foot sections of concrete tile 1 foot in diameter. 

Top is enclosed in 30-inch concrete tile fitted with hinged wooden cover. 

Measuring point, painted mark on top of inside tile, about 1 foot above 

the land surface, which is 1,600 feet above mean sea level. Readings 

made by measuring distance from measuring point to water surface. Read 

weekly Aug. 26, 1933, to June 6, 1935. Stevens water-stage recorder installed June 6, 1935.

Depth to water level, in feet below measuring point

Date

Aug. 26,

27

Sept. 2

9

16

23

30

Oct. 7

14

21

28

Nov. 4

11

18

25

Dec. 2

9

16

23

30

Jan. 6,

13

20

Feb. 3

10

18

24

Mar. 3

10

17

24

31

Apr. 7

14

21

28

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 1.97

2.20

3.17

2.55

2.94

a 2.96

3.10

3.51

4.1

4.21

1.62

1.18

1.49

.92

.68

.97

.79

.95

.89

1.3

1934 .61

.84

.21

1.12

Ice 1.12

.91

1.12

.73

.85

.69

.7

.54

.57

.52

.72

1.08

Date

May 5,1934

12

19

26

June 2

9

16

23

30

July 7

14

21

28

Aug. 4

11

18

25

Sept. 1

8

15

22

29

Oct. 6

13

20

27

NOV. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

29

Jan. 5,1935

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1.84

2.19

2.84

3.13

3.55

3.90

4.09

4.15

4.42

4.60

4.89

5.17

5.44

5.65

6.03

6.32

6.56

6.85

7.03

7.13

5.56

5.15

4.60

4.70

4.55

2.05

1.35

.85

.63

.67

.55

.95

1.30

.87

.88

1.42

Date

Jan. 12,1935

19

26

Feb. 2

9

16

23

Mar. 2

9

16

23

30

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

18

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

July 6

13

20

27

Aug. 3

10

17

24

31

Sept. 7

14

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

0.45

.80

.58

1.41

1.60

.92

1.09

1.08

.75

.92

.80

.73

.83

.84

.66

1.39

.75

.94

1.95

2.63

3.52

a 2.97

3.30

2.47

4.15

3.90

.95

1.53

.70

1.30

2.21

2.48

3.17

3.65

4.20

3.95

a Estimated.
128 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Shackham Brook well 1 - Continued

Date

Sept. 21, 1935

28

Oct. 5

12

19

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

3.20

3.60

2.32

2.80

3.10

Date

Oct. 26.1935

Nov. 2

9

16

23

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

2.74

.97

.89

.70

.81

Date

Nov. 30,1935

Dec. 7

14

21

28

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

0.81

1.15

.55

.80

1.20

Sage Brook well 2

Latitude 42o31'55n , longitude 75°25'30". About 50 feet upstream from 

stream-gaging station, 100 feet to left of Sage Brook, and about 2.5 miles 

west of South New Berlin, Chenango County. Dug well lined with concrete 

tile 21 inches in diameter, 7.5 feet deep. Timber instrument shelter built 

on top of well. Measuring point, painted mark on floor of instrument shelter, about 1 foot above the land surface, which is 1,500 feet above mean 

sea level. Readings made by measuring distance from measuring point to 

water surface. Read weekly Oct. 27, 1934, to July 20, 1935. Gurley waterstage recorder installed July 20, 1935.

Depth to water level, in feet below measuring point

Date

Oct. 27,1934

Nov. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

29

Jan. 5,1935

12

19

26

Feb. 2

9

16

23

Mar. 2

9

16

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1.73

1.50

1.31

1.31

1.23

1.19

1.50

1.52

1.43

1.43

1.47

1.30

1.43

1.54

1.84

1.84

1.72

1.78

1.96

1.51

1.44

Date

Mar. 23,1935

30

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

18

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

July 6

13

20

27

Aug. 3

10

Depth 

to water 

( feet )

1.41

1.41

1.50

1.45

1.41

1.94

1.40

1.40

1.65

1.83

1.96

2.16

2.34

1.85

1.94

2.40

1.48

1.94

1.67

1.72

2.00

Date

Aug. 17,

24

31

Sept. 7

14

21

28

Oct. 5

12

19

26

Nov. 2

9

16

23

30

Dec. 7

14

21

28

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1935 1.54

1.91

2.10

1.99

1.82

1.77

1.85

1.70

1.87

1.96

1.81

1.67

1.67

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.79

1.58

1.67

Ice 1.78

Cold Spring Brook well 1

Latitude 42o09«35n , longitude 75°23«35n . About 150 feet to left of 

stream-gaging station on Cold Spring Brook, about 1 mile above China, 

and 2 miles west of Upper Barbourville, Delaware County. Dug well lined 

with vitrified tile 18 inches in diameter, 12 feet deep. Timber instrument shelter built on top of well. Measurements made with hook rod and 

scale and are distances to water surface below zero of hook scale, about 

2 feet above the land surface, which is 1,540 feet above mean sea level. 

Gurley water-stage recorder installed October 24, 1934.

Depth to water level, in feet below measuring point

Date

Oct. 24,1934 

27- 

Nov. 3 

10 

17

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

7.72 

7.49 

7.60 

4.18 

4.55

Date

Nov. 22.1934 

24 

Dec. 1 

3 

10

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

4.62 

3.17 

2.87 

3.11 

5.78

Date

Dec. 14,1934 

18 

24 

31 

Jan. 5,1935

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

6.75 

7.37 

5.12 

6.87 

7.76
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 129

Cold Spring Brook well 1 - Continued

Date

Jan. 7,1935

14

21

25

28

Feb. 4

11

18

25

Mar. 4

6

11

18

21

25

Apr. 1

7

14

21

28

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

4.40

4.47

5.37

4.97

6.20

7.38

8.18

5.03

6.91

5.00

3.43

1.92

3.07

2.91

3.6

3.20

3.78

2.96

4.08

5.91

Date

May 5,1935

12

19

22

26

June 2

9

16

23

30

July 7

14

16

21

28

Aug. 4

11

15

18

25

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

3.63

4.50

6.63

6.88

7.23

7.68

7.97

8.20

8.20

8.61

8.72

5.22

5.92

6.77

5.54

7.02

7.86

8.21

8.47

8.75

Date

Sept. 1,1935

8

15

19

22

29

Oct. 6

13

20

27

Nov. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

29

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

9.05

9.33

9.65

9.86

9.94

10.20

10.48

10.80

11.02

11.23

4.11

4.86

4.89

6.09

5.69

5.10

3.05

4.60

5.98
NORTH CAROLINA

STATE-WIDE PROJECT 

By E. D. Burchard

A program of water-level measurements in observation wells was begun in North Carolina in 1931 by the United States Geological Survey in 

cooperation with the State Department of Conservation and Development, 

largely through the initiative of Thorndike Saville, chief engineer of 

the Department. Twenty-two wells were selected throughout the State in 

1931 and 1932, and periodic measurements of the water levels in them were 

made by local observers. Thirteen of the wells have since been abandoned.

Three of the nine wells that are still under observation are equipped 

with automatic water-stage recorders; the other six wells are measured 

about weekly by means of steel tapes or float-tape gages. The wells are 

protected against surface run-off and are securely housed. Definite 

measuring points have been established, and one or more bench, marks have 

been set near most of the wells, and these marks have been referred to 

the measuring points to avoid loss of the records in case the measuring 

points on the well are disturbed.

Records of water levels in eight of the observation wells, together 

with the locations and descriptions of the wells, are given in the following table. The water levels in each well are expressed in feet above an 

arbitrary datum selected for that well. The record of the observation 

well at Chapel Hill is not included. Daily water levels are given for 

the Kurfee well at Mocksville, but only monthly water levels are included 

in this report for the other seven wells.

The water levels in most of tne wells show a seasonal fluctuation 

ranging from about 5 to 10 feet. In general the highest levels shown by 

the records occurred in the spring of 1933 and the spring of 1935. 

Notably high levels also occurred in some wells in the spring of 1934, 

but as a rule these were lower than those of 1933 and 1935.

The greatest decline in the water levels occurred in the last half 

of 1933, when the lowest stage of record was reached in moat of the wells. 

This decline was doubtless caused chiefly by deficient precipitation, as 

the average precipitation in North Carolina in 1933 was about 10 inches

below normal. Throughout the last half of 1934 the water levels were 

130
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 131

maintained at stages well above the low levels of 1933, but In the summer 

and fall of 1935 they suffered considerable decline. In most of the wells 

the water levels stood lower at the end of 1935 than at the beginning of 

the year but appreciably higher than at the beginning of 1933.

The daily records of the Kurfee well, at Mocksville, show in detail 

the fluctuations of the water level in the well. The lowest stage (2.74 

feet) was recorded on January 5, 1932, and the next lowest stage (3.17 

feet) in the later part of February 1934. The highest recorded level 

(12.76 feet), which was 10.02 feet above the low stage of 1932, was 

reached on April 21, 1935. The declines of water level in the well are 

mostly gradual, but many of the rises are abrupt and occur without appreciable lag after heavy rains, recorded at Statesville. For example, 

the water level rose 0.57 foot in the well on February 13 and 14, 1935, 

when a rain of 1.10 inches was recorded at Statesville, and 2.10 feet on 

March 12, 1935, when 1-.94 inches of rain was recorded at Statesville. On 

September 5, 1935, near the end of the growing season, the water level 

rose 0.40 foot in response to rain, which at Statesville amounted to 2.77 

inches on September 4 and 5.

Kurfee well at Mocksville

On south line of Kurfee property on U. S. highways 64 and 601, one 

block south of court house. Dug well 3 feet in diameter and 32 feet 

deep. Lined with rock; concrete curb and wooden well house; on gently 

sloping land about 500 feet south from top of hill. Equipped with a continuous water-stage recorder. Measuring point, top of instrument shelf, 

about 3 feet above the land surface. The arbitrary datum is 33.40 feet 

below the measuring point. The water levels are given in feet above this 

datum. United States Geological Survey true meridian bench mark in the 

northwest corner of the Mocksville square.

Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Hov. Dec.

1932

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2.98

2.85

2.80

2.76

2.74

2.93

3.82

4.91

5.30

4.53

4.07

3.85

3.76

3.74

3.77

3.85

3.94

4.04

4.12

4.21

4.28

4.37

4.46

4.52

4.56

4.83

4.82

4.91

5.09

5.03

5.02

5.02

5.05

5.06

5.08

5.12

5.26

5.40

5.32

5.31

5.32

5.34

5.38

5.40

5.42

5.44

5.53

5.56

5.56

5.57

5.70

5.72

5.72

5.75

5.77

6.32

7.83

6.91

6.49

6.36

6.36

6.43

6.54

6.62

6.64

6.67

6.73

6.74

6.75

6.77

6.79

7.70

7.32

7.15

7.12

.7.38

7.38

7.39

7.40

7.43

7.49

7.53

7.57

7.60

7.61

7.64

7.66

7.66

7.66

7.67

7.67

7.70

7.72

7.72

7.72

7.73

7.73

7.74

7.75

7.75

7.89

7.85

7.82

7.81

7.83

7.84

7.84

7.85

7.88

7.92

7.92

7.92

7.91

7.90

7.90

7.90

7.90

7.89

7.87

7.86

7.86

7.87

7.84

7.81

7.79

7.68

7.67

7.65

7.64

7.63

7.62

7.60

7.55

7.49

7.43

7.39

8.00

7.72

7.64

7.62

7.62

7.62

7.63

7.64

7.66

7.67

7.68

7.68

7.68

7.68

7.55

7.53

7.46

7.43

7.37

7.32

7.29

7.26

7.20

7.13

7.10

7 -.05

7.01

6.97

6.92

6.89

6.85

6.79

6.69

6.66

6.59

6.54

6.48

6.42

6.38

6.05

6.02

5.98

5.93

5.88

5.87

5.89

5.81

5.77

5.74

5.71

5.67

5.63

5.59

5.56

5.53

5.50

5.47

5.44

5.40

5.37

5.32

5.28

5.25

5.22

4.98

4.93

4.88

4.85

4.80

4.77

4.73

4.66

4.61

4.55

4.49

4.44

4.40

4.35

4.31

4.26

4.20

4.14

4.09

4.06

4.03

3.99

3.94

3.90

3.85

3.62

3.58

3.56

3.51

3.47

3.45

3.42

3.37

3.34

3.30

3.27

3.23

3.21

3.21

3.21

3.51

6.51

5.21

4.40

4.06

3.93

3.88

3.87

3.87

3.87

4.41

4.23

4.14

4.11

4.11

4.18

4.28

4.25

4.76

4.70

4.56

4.52

4.52

4.52

4.56

4.60

4.64

4.70

6.22

5.72

5.30

5.19

5.16

5.16

5.17

5.80

5.80

5.83

5.87

5.90

5.92

5.95

5.96

5.96

5.96

6.10

7.26

7.21

7.65

7.36

6.96

6.87

6.87

6.87

6.87

6.92

7.66

8.36

8.36

8.79
132 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Kurfee well at Mookaville - Continued

Day Jan.

1932

26 4.59

27 4.64

28 4.66

29 4.69

30 4.86

31 4.86

1933

1 8.67

2 8.71

3 8.81

4 8.90

5 8.96

6 8.96

7 9.02

8 9.04

9 9.78

10 9.49

11 9 . 60

12 10.05

13 9.78

14 9.78

15 9.80

16 9.85

17 9.92

18 9.96

19 10.00

20 10.00

21 10.00

22 9.97

23 9.96

24 10.01

25 10.21

26 10.14

27 10.16

28 10.08

29 10.02

30 10.02

31 10.02

1934

1 3.29

2 3.23

3 3.18

4 3.18

5 3.22

6 3.19

7 3.42

8 3.54

9 3.31

10 3.20

11 3.18

12 3.22

13 3.23

14 3.19

15 3.18

16 3.18

17 3.18

18 3.18

19 3.18

20 3.18

21 3.18

22 3.18

23 3.18

24 3.18

25 3.18

26 3.18

27 3.18

28 3.18

29 3.18

30 3.18

31 3.18

Feb.

5.60

5.65

5.69

5.70

....

....

10.02

10.04

10.03

10.06

10.04

9.95

10.44

10.91

10.32

10.27

10.41

10.42

10.43

10.51

11.03

10.87

10.88

10.90

10.88

11.64

11.42

11.33

11.40

11.42

11.51

11.55

11.47

11.46

 e * 

3.26

3.23

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.18

3.17

3.17

3.17

3.17

4.23

9.08

6.92

5.62

....

....

. . .

Mar.

7.14

7.19

7.26

7.24

7.24

7.34

11.46

11.45

11.42

11.38

11.24

11.24

11.46

11.47

11.36

11.30

11.23

11.22

11.23

11.24

11.23

11.07

11.05

11.06

11.07

11.18

11.31

11.09

11.05

10.99

10.98

11.02

10.98

10.97

10.96

10.92

10.92

4.82

4.41

7.61

7.75

6.54

5.72

5.16

4.87

4.78

4.76

4.76

4.78

4.81

4.87

4.91

4.95

4.97

5.02

5.04

5.32

5.27

5.22

5.19

5.32

5.69

5.45

6.46

7.58

6.61

6.18

6.98

Apr.

7.75

7.74

7.72

7.72

7.73

....

10.94

10.94

10.93

10.86

10.78

10.82

10.81

10.76

10.73

10.71

10.70

11.12

10.80

10.79

10.84

10.90

10.91

10.91

10.91

10.90

10.89

10.89

10.88

10.87

10.90

10.89

10.80

10.76

10.71

10.67

6.39

6.11

6.03

6.03

6.04

6.09

6.15

6.18

9.14

8.24

7.65

7.41

7.31

7.28

7.27

7.95

7.68

7.61

7.61

7.64

7.67

7.69

7.73

7.78

7.80

7.82

7.87

7.88

7.88

7.88

 

May

7.79

7.78

7.76

7.72

7.69

7.68

10.67

10.67

10.68

10.58

10.70

10.74

10.68

10.68

10.66

10.63

10.58

10.57

10.57

10.57

10.54

10.54

10.52

10.48

10.44

10.44

10.44

10.42

10.37

10.34

10.32

10.29

10.26

10.21

10.14

10.21

10.18

7.90

7.95

7.99

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.99

7.97

7.97

7.97

7.95

7.94

7.93

8.11

8.06

7.96

7.92

7.90

7.89

7.87

7.87

7.86

7.83

7.81

7.76

7.73

7.71

7.77

7.93

7.80

June

7.67

7.65

7.63

7.60

7.57

...»

10.13

10.08

10.06

10.03

10.00

10.00

9.96

9.92

9.90

9.84

9.78

9.77

9.74

9.64

9.57

9.55

9.5?

9.48

9.42

9.39

9.35

9.30

9.24

9.17

9.12

9.09

9.05

9.00

8.95

8.91

7.71

7.67

7.66

7.76

8.73

8.51

8.37

8.31

8.34

8.42

8.49

8.53

8.54

8.55

8.56

8.57

8.57

8.57

8.57

8.54

8.51

8.49

8.48

8.45

8.41

8.37

8.33

8.28

8.23

8.19

....

July

6.33

6.30

6.25

6.20

6.14

6.09

8.87

8.82

8.77

8.68

8.65

8.62

8.59

8.54

8.50

8,46

8.42

8.35

8.28

8.23

8.20

8.16

8.10

8.04

7.96

7.92

7.88

7.82

7.76

7.72

7.67

7.63

7.58

7.52

7.43

7.41

7.37

8.18

8.17

8.09

8.03

7.99

7.93

7.88

7.90

7.93

7.86

7.81

7.79

7.79

7.79

7.77

7.73

7.70

7.66

7.62

7.59

7.57

7.54

7.48

7.49

7.43

7.40

7.37

7.35

7.35

7.35

7.31

Aug.

5.19

5.16

5.12

5.08

5.04

5.01

7.31

7.26

7.22

7.18

7.12

7.05

7.00

6.97

6.94

6.90

6.87

6.82

6.77

6.72

6.63

7.25

6.92

6.83

6.71

6.65

6.59

6.55

6.55

6.52

6.48

6.43

6.39

6.36

6.32

6.27

. 6.24

7.28

7.27

7.23

7.21

7.18

7.14

8.09

8.01

7.62

7.53

7.51

7.52

7.54

7.56

7.57

7.58

7.59

7.96

8.47

8.12

8.03

8.03

8.06

8.14

8.58

8.47

8.37

8.36

8.36

9.02

8.71

Sept.

3.81

3.77

3.74

3.70

3.65

....

6.21

6.17

6.14

6.10

6.12

6.13

6.08

6.04

6.03

6.02

6.00

5.97

6.13

6.04

5.98

5.95

5.93

5.91

5.89

5.88

5.85

5.82

5.78

5.75

5.72

5.70

5.67

5.65

5.62

5.58

8.65

8.65

8.69

8.72

8.72

8.72

8.72

8.73

8.71

8.70

8.70

8.69

8.60

8.62

8.63

9.09

8.86

8.77

8.75

8.74

8.74

8.74

8.72

8.70

8.70

8.70

8.68

8.64

9.15

8.82

....

Oct.

3.87

3.89

3.91

3.92

3.93

3.93

5.55

5.51

5.48

5.46

5.45

5.42

5.40

5.37

5.32

5.28

5.24

5.22

5.19

5.16

5.12

5.09

5.09

5.06

5.00

4.97

4.94

4.91

4.89

4.86

4.84

4.80

4.78

4.73

4.68

4.65

4.62

8.72

8.71

8.71

8.71

8.71

8.78

8.75

8.69

8.67

9.14

9.15

9.00

8.93

8.89

8.89

8.90

8.90

8.91

8.91

8.90

8.90

8.90

8.89

8.85

8.84

8.83

8.80

8.74

8.71

8.67

8.66

Nov.

7.75

6.83

6.13

5.87

5.81

....

4.59

4.56

4.52

4.48

4.45

4.43

4.40

4.36

4.32

4.28

4.24

4.21

4.20

4.16

4.12

4.09

4.05

4.03

4.01

3.98

3.94

3.92

3.89

3.85

3.82

3.80

3.77

3.75

3.71

3.68

8.65

8.57

8.51

8.51

8.48

8.43

8.40

8.35

8.25

8.21

8.20

8.16

8.13

8.09

8.01

7.96

7.93

7.90

7.86

7.82

7.77

7.74

7.72

7.68

7.60

7.54

7.50

7.42

8.81

8.36

....

Dec.

8.80

8.92

9.10

8.90

8.73

8.75

3.66

3.63

3.62

3.60

3.58

3.58

3.84

3.67

3.58

3.52

3.48

3.44

3.41

3.38

3.35

3.32

3.29

3.26

3.29

3.97

3.63

3.45

3.35

3.27

3.21

3.48

3.41

3.27

3.19

3.18

3.18

8.78

8.21

8.09

8.10

8.11

8.20

8.29

8.34

8.37

8.40

8.42

8.40

8.41

8.40

8.36

8.35

8.35

8.33

8.35

8.45

8.33

8.30

8.22

8.21

8.21

8.21

8.15

8.13

8.16

8.13

8.42
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 135

Kurfee well at Mocksville - Continued

Day

1935

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Jan.

9.40

8.85

8.72

8.65

8.63

8.68

8.74

8.78

9.29

9.16

9.09

9.01

9.02

9.07

9.06

9.08

9.10

9.08

9.04

9.04

9.07

9.32

9.55

9.39

9.30

9.30

9.30

9.28

9.29

9.30

9.30

Feb. Mar.

9.30 9.86

9.34 9.90

9.43 9.90

9.40 9.88

9.32 9.80

9.28 9.93

9.21 9.96

9.22 9.88

9.26 9.77

9.32 9.78

9.27 9.86

9.21 11.96

9.86 11.36

10.43 10.94

10.40 10.86

9.96 10.89

9.91 10.94

9.88 10.92

9.91 10.95

9.92 11.03

9.92 10.98

9.80 10.92

10.04 10.89

9.96 10.89

9.97 11.64

10.10 11.60

10.06 11.37

9.88 11.40

..... 11.35

..... 11.38

..... 11.72

Apr.

12.13

12.04

12.04

12.05

12.06

12.17

12.23

12.47

12.24

12.16

12.14

12.18

12.19

12.14

12.14

12.13

12.08

12.05

12.03

12.00

12.76

12.59

12.50

12.52

12.52

12.49

12.48

12.46

12.42

12.40

May

12.31

12.28

12.24

12.18

12.14

12.13

12.11

12.03

11.98

11.96

11.93

11.88

11.86

11.84

11.78

11.72

11.70

11.64

11.59

11.60

11.64

11.54

11.49

11.54

11.46

11.36

11.32

11.28

11.26

11.25

11.20

June

11.13

11.08

11.07

11.07

11.03

10.96

10.90

10.88

10.84

10.80

10.77

10.72

10.65

10.60

10.55

10.50

10.45

10.41

10.38

10.35

10.30

10.28

10.19

10.12

10.07

10.03

9.97

9.92

9.87

9.83

 

July

9.78

9.73

9.66

9.63

9.61

9.59

9.54

9.53

9.54

9.66

9.47

9.42

9.41

9.38

9.34

9.30

9.23

9.18

9.15

9.14

9.13

9.11

9.08

9.05

9.02

8.98

8.94

8.92

8.91

8.86

8.84

Aug.

8.81

8.77

8.73

8.71

8.67

8.63

8.61

8.57

8.52

8.48

8.45

8.40

8.36

8.33

8.28

8.22

8.18

8.16

8.12

8.09

8.17

8.08

8.02

7.98

7.93

7.90

7.88

7.83

7.79

7.75

7.69

Sept.

7.65

7.61

7.58

7.62

8.02

7.99

7.72

7.63

7.62

7.63

7.58

7.57

7.57

7.56

7.54

7.56

7.47

7.44

7.41

7.39

7.35

7.30

7.26

7.21

7.18

7.15

7.14

7.12

7.09

7-. 04

Oct.

7.01

6.98

6.95

6.92

6.86

6.82

6.78

6.75

6.72

6.68

6.63

6.56

6.50

6.46

6.43

6.36

6.33

6.32

6.30

6.26

6.23

6.19

6.16

6.12

6.07

6.05

6.03

6.02

6.02

5.94

5.89

Nov.

5.86

5.83

5.81

5.77

5.75

5.71

6.65

6.16

5.82

5.70

5.65

5.63

6.54

6.07

5.81

5.74

5.73

5.72

5.71

5.70

5.69

5.68

5.65

5.60

5.58

5o57

5.55

5.68

5.70

5.56

Dec.

5.50

5.45

5.42

5.41

5.39

5.37

5.32

5.31

5.39

5.34

5.29

5.38

6.48

5.97

5.55

5.46

5.34

5.32

5.31

5.30

5.28

.5.27

5.27

5.25

5.24

5.24

5.22

5.21

5.20

5.19

5.16

Freuhler well, at Roanoke Rapids

In rear of warehouse on property of Mr. Freuhler, 500 feet north of 

U. S. Highway 158 and half a. mile west of Seaboard Air Line Railway station, 

at a sharp turn in the road. Dug well 15 feet deep, lined with terra cotta 

pipe that extends 2 feet above the land surface; in a shallow awale several 

acres in extent. The well is covered, and the surface drainage is away 

from the well. Equipped with a continuous water-stage recorder. Measuring 

point, top of instrument shelf, about 2^- feet above the land surface. The 

arbitrary datum is 15 feet below the measuring point. The water levels are 

given in feet above this datum. Three bench marks set in nearby objects 

and referred to measuring point by instrumental levels.

Water levels in the Freuhler well, at Roanoke Rapids, 

expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum

n.,4.^ Water Date level

1932

May 1 5.17

June 1 4.46

July 1 4.37

Aug. 1 3.62

Sept. 1 3.17

Oct. 1 2.49

Nov. 1 2.98

Dec. 1 4.12

1933

Feb. 1 7.13

Mar. 1 7.41

Apr. 1 7.53

TV, -HO Water Date level

1933

May 1 8.04

June 1 7.59

July 1 6.38

Aug. 1 6.57

Sept. 1 5.66

Oct. 1 4.94

Nov. 1 4.3A

Dec. 1 3.45

1934

Jan. 1 2.82

Feb. 1 2.45

Mar. 1 3.45

n , Water Date level

1934

Apr. 1 7.28

May 1 7.14

June 1 7.02

July 1 6.09

Aug. 1 6.18

Sept. 1 5.51

Oct. 1 5.91

Nov. 1 5.02

Dec. 1 6.66

1935

Jan. 1 5.87

Feb. 4 6.40

Date Wate?: 

level

1935

Mar. 1 7.23

Apr. 1 8.50

May 1 8.73

June 1 7.07

July 1 6.03

Aug. 1 7.39

Sept. 1 6.70

Oct. 1 7.50

Nov. 1 6.33

Dec. 1 6.35

31 5.95
154 WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Holt well, at Haw River

In front yard of J. W. Thompson residence on south side of Haw 

River Graham highway, a quarter of a mile west of the Haw River. Dug 

well 7 feet in diameter and 61 feet deep, lined with brick and completely housed. Equipped with a float-tape gage. Measured about weekly. 

Measuring point, top of timber sill over well, about 4jj feet above the 

land surface. The arbitrary datum is 33.50 feet below the measuring 

point. The water levels are given in feet above this datum. Two bench 

marks have been set in nearby objects and referred to measuring point by 

instrumental levels.

Water levels in the Govenor Holt well, at Holt River, 

expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum

- ..^ Water Date level

1932

June 16 7.65

July 6 6.23

Aug. 9 3.98

Sept. 6 3.27

Oct. 4 3.00

Nov. 4 3.16

Dec. 5 5.01

1933

Jan. 3 9.74

Feb. 8 7.60

Mar. 7 8.94

nai-fl Water Date level

1933

Apr. 4 6.90

May 9 6.06

June 1 4.90

July 3 3.68

Aug. 1 3.46

Sept. 6 3.40

Oct. 4 2.98

Nov. 1 2.98

Dec. 1 2.60

1934

Jan. 1 2.51

Date Water Date level

1934

Feb. 5 2.24

Mar. 13 3.78

Apr. 10 9.08

May 8 5.32

June 5 7.52

July 16 5.67

Aug. 23 4.98

Sept. 4 4.09

Oct. 8 5.74

Nov. 7 4.29

Dec. 3 7.52

TI j.^ Water Date level

1935

Jan. 7 7.47

Feb. 4 7.56

Mar. 6 6.97

Apr. 3 11.83

May 12 9.52

June 1 9.48

Aug. 24 3.50

Sept. 4 3.48

Oct. 9 3.40

Nov. 18 4.30

Dec. 19 5.09

Fishdam well, near Northside

On the bottom lands on the left bank of the Neuse River, half a mile 

above Fishdam Bridge, 60 feet south of old Fishdam Plantation house, and 

2 miles west of Northside, about 1 mile downstream from point where U. S. 

highway 15 crosses the Neuse River. Dug well 4 feet in diameter and 25 

feet deep, lined with rock and poorly covered. Flooded by river occasionally. Equipped with float-tape gage and measured about weekly. Measuring 

point, nail head in timber at side of well. The arbitrary datum is 15 

feet below the measuring point. The water levels are given in feet above 

this datum. Three bench marks have been set in nearby objects and referred to the measuring point by instrumental levels.

Date

1932

July 2

Aug. 2

Sept. 3

Oct. 1

Nov. 5

Dec. 3

1933

Feb. 3

Mar. 5

Apr. 1

May 15

Water 

level

7.05

3.67

3.00

2.50

4.30

7.45

9.90

8.67

8.20

7.32

Date

1933

June 3

July 1

Aug. 6

Sept. 2

Oct. 9

Nov. 5

Dec. 11

1934 >

Jan. 7

Feb. 4

Mar. 11

Water 

level

5.42

3.85

3 .-30

3.87

2.63

2.30

2.40

1.82

1.84

5.59

Date

1934

Apr. 1

May 6

June 3

July 8

Aug. 5

Sept. 3

Oct. 1

Nov. 5

Dec. 10

1935

Jan. 7

Water 

level

7.97

7.68

7.85

5.52

6.50

6.60

7.78

5.45

9.52

8.52

Date

1935

Feb. 4

Mar. 4

July 1

Aug. 5

Sept. 2

Oct. 7

Nov. 4

Dec. 2

25

Water 

level

8.50

8.00

5.62

6'.26

4.26

4.97

4.31

6.68

7.98

Alston well, at Cockrell Bridge, near Nashville

Half a mile north of Cockrell Bridge \jver the Tar River, 60 feet 

east of State highway 58, and to right of small house. Dug well 30 inches 

in diameter and 25 feet deep, lined with tile, timber box over the well. 

Equipped with a float-tape gage, which is read twice a week. Measuring 

point, indicator on float-tape gage. The arbitrary datum is 25.31 feet 

below the indicator of the float-tape gage, or 23.40 feet below the top 

of the instrument shelf, which is about 2 feet above the land surface. 

The water levels are given in feet above this datum. No bench marks.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 135

Water levels in the Alston well, at Cockrell Bridge, near Nashville, 

expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1932

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1933

Jan.

Apr.

May

June

July

6

4

1

2

3

3

1

3

3

1

Water 

level

8.66

10.63

6.59

6.56

8.79

13.45

13.13

12.95

11.42

9,85

Date

1933

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1934

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr,

May

2

2

4

1

2

3

3

3

4

2

Water 

level

9.93

8.86

7.62

6.56

5.80

5.51

5.49

5.52

9.42

12.45

Date

1934

June

July

Aug.

Sept,

Nov.

Dec.

1935

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2

4

1

1

3

1

2

6

2

3

Water 

level

11.84

12.62

11.48

13.00

10.96

12.46

13.92

13.55

13.74

13.54

Date

1935

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

1

3

3

4

2

2

4

28

Water 

level

13.92

13.54

10.70

12.72

11.92

12.03

10.29

10.99

12.00

Brick pit near Goldsboro

Opposite house of Mary Teachey Moores, on property of Borden Brick 

& Tile Co., 200 feet east of U. S. highway 117. About 5j miles south of 

Goldsboro. Open abandoned borrow pit of brick plant about 3 acres in extent. No surface inflow except when the Neuse River, 200 yards to the 

west, overflows into the pit. Measuring point, enamel-scale staff gage. 

The staff gage is set so that the zero mark on it is 12 feet above the 

zero datum of the nearby gaging station on the Neuse River. The water 

levels are given in feet above the arbitrary datum or zero mark on the 

staff gage in the pit. Two bench marks have been set in nearby objects 

and referred to the staff gage by instrumental levels.

Water levels in the brick pit near Goldsboro, 

expressed in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1932

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1933

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1

2

6

3

1

5

3

7

4

4

1

Water 

level !

3.30

2.82

2.12

1.62

1.22

1.30

2.08

3.42

4.04

4.70

4.30

Date

1933

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct,

Nov.

Dec.

1934

Jan.

6

2

8

5

2

7

4

2

6

Feb. 17

Mar. 3

Water 

level

4.88

4.28

3.24

2.62

2.56

2.00

1.54

1.22

.90

.72

.78

Date

1934

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1935

Jan.

Feb.

7

4

2

7

4

1

8

3

1

5

2

Water 

level

1.52

2.18

2.20

3.40

5.08

4.24

3.94

2.22

2.92

(1)

5.66

Date

1935

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3

6

4

1

6

3

7

5

2

7

28

Water 

level

5.18

4.74

4.44

3.72

2.92

3.10

2.96

3.68

3.04

2.66

3.26

1 Over gage.

Huffine well, at Huffine's mill, near Gibsonville

Half a mile south of Huffine's mill, at northeast corner of road 

intersection, about 6 miles northwest of Gibsonville. Dug well 18 inches 

in diameter and 36 feet deep, lined with terra cotta pipe and covered 

with a well house. Equipped with a float-tape gage that is read at irregular periods. Measuring point, center of board across top of well. 

The arbitrary datum is 37.02 feet below the measuring point. The water 

levels are given in feet above this datum. Three bench marks have been 

set in nearby objects and referred to the measuring point by instrumental 

levels.
136 WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in Huffine well, at Huffine's mill, near Glbsonvllle, 

expressed In feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1932

Aug. 2

Sept. 12

Oct. 1

5

Nov. 5

Dec. 2

1933

Jan. 3

Feb. 8

Mar. 13

Apr. 13

Water 

level

3.2

3.2

2.8

7.2

6.4

7.1

9.1

6.9

6.8

4.1

Date

1933

May 1

June 2

July 14

Aug. 5

Sept. 2

Oct. 28

Nov. 13

Dec. 1

1934

Jan. 7

Feb. 5

Water 

level

6.4

7.3

7.3

5.3

4.9

3.5

6.8

6.7

4.5

4.9

Date

1934

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7

1

7

5

4

1

4

16

3

Water 

level

9.0

8.8

4.7

5.4

5.2

4.6

5.2

4.1

5.2

Date

1935

Jan. 12

Feb. 8

Mar. 14

Apr. 11

May 8

June 7

July 1

Aug. 27

Sept .20

Dec. 15

Water 

level

5.1

4.9

7.4

4.3

7.1

7.9

6.4

6.7

6.2

5.5

Baldwin well, at Blantyre

On west aide of Baldwin's house, at crossing of U. S. highway 64 

near Blantyre, about 200 yards west of the depot. Dug well 5 feet In 

diameter and 41 feet deep, lined with rock, curbed and covered. Equipped with float-tape gage and read dally. Measuring point, top of nail 

driven In side of timber well cover near trap door, about 1 foot above 

land surface. The arbitrary datum Is 41 feet below the measuring point. 

The water levels are given in feet above this datum. Two bench marks 

have been set In nearby objects and referred to the measuring point by 

Instrumental levels.

Water levels In the Baldwin well, near Blantyre, 

expressed In feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1932

July 15

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

1933

Jan. 1

Feb. 1

Water 

level

9.46

8.98

8.47

7.89

7.53

7.95

9.17

10.40

Date

1933

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

June 1

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 1

Water 

level

11.28

11.86

11.94

11.93

10.89

9.26

7.91

6.94

Date

1934

Oct. 19

Nov. 16

Dec. 1

1935

Jan. 1

Feb. 1

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

Water 

level

6.36

6.53

6.61

6.96

7.38

8.05

8.68

9.12

Date

1935

June 1

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 11

31

Water 

level

9.37

9.00

7.73

6.75

6.43

5.53

5.72

5.82

DEEP RIVER AREA OF SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started In the Deep River area, In 

Gullford, Forsyth, and Randolph Counties, near High Point, N. C., during 

the summer of 1934 by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil 

Conservation Service, as part of a national soil-conservation program. A 

total of 28 wells have been measured, 4 of which, however, have been 

abandoned.

The wells in this area are all dug wells. Wells 1, 2, 4, 10, and 

15 are cased with tile; wells 5, 6, 14, 17, 21, 23, and 27 with loose 

rock; and wells 7, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 24, and 25 with brick. The 

wells j?ange In depth from about 11 to 54 feet. They penetrate the
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 137

weathered granite and associated rocks of the Piedmont Plateau, They are 

water-table wells, unaffected by heavy withdrawals. The depth to water 

level In the different wells ranges from about 5 to 50 feet. As a rule 

the measuring point ia the edge of a hole in the platform covering the 

well.

Weekly measurements have been made by members of either the Geological Survey or the Soil Conservation Service. A total of 1,750 

measurements have been made from the beginning of the program to January 

1, 1936, of which 1,190 were made during the year 1935 an average of 

51 measurements to the well for the year. Only the records of measurements that were made nearest to the first of each month are given in the 

following table. The method of expressing the results of the measurements 

is explained in the introduction to this report. An automatic water-stage 

recorder has been maintained on well 1 since July 1934, and two others 

have been in continuous operation but have been shifted from well to well 

in order to get continuous records for short periods on all the wells.

The monthly averages of the water levels in the observation wells in 

this area show a fluctuation during 1935 of about 4.5 feet. The inn *1 mum 

fluctuation in any of the wells was about 16 feet and the minimum about 

0.5 foot. As a rule the relatively deep wells fluctuated less than the 

shallow wells. On April 2, 1935, the water levels reached their highest 

stage for the year, the average being 2.85 feet higher than on December 3, 

1934. Prom April 2 to November 29 they declined an average of 4.44 feet. 

On December 27 the water levels stood about the same as during November, 

but by January 3, 1936, the average of the levels was 2.74 feet higher 

than the average on November 29 and 1.77 feet higher than the average on 

January 8, 1935. The second table shows that in several of the observation wells the water levels fluctuate greatly. The rise in some of 

these wells just prior to January 3, 1936, appears to have been especially great. Further study must be made of these wells and the character of the material through which they extend, together with their 

weekly records and the daily precipitation, before the significance of 

their fluctuations can be fully understood.
138 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Wells in the Deep River area in Gullford. Porayth. 

and Randolph Counties. H. C.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well Owner and location 

no.

1 M. L. Wlllard, Deep River

church

2 Llndale Dairy Corporation,

near High Point

4 W. 0. Atkins, near Coif ax

5 Isaac Tonkins, Groomtown

6 D. G. Berry, near Providence

7 E. J. Welch, near High Point

8 Welch place, 1304 E. Lexington Ave., High Point

10 W. P. Season, near Cedar

Square Church

12 John Blalr estate, 1 mile SE,

of High Point

13 Blalr «s dairy, 1 3/4 miles

SB. of High Point

14 Clodfelter's dairy, 2 miles

SE. of High Point

15 C, C. Bobbins, 2% miles SE.

of High Point

17 C. W. Fields, 2£ miles NW.

of Climax

18 Federal transient camp, 1/2 

mile SE. of Kernersville

19 W. C. Michael, 1/2 mile S. 

of Kernersville

20 Dr. Bush, Archdale

21 J. W. Young, 2-| miles W, of

Randleman

23 Mrs. Lonnle Pugh, New Salem

24 H. L. Miller, 2& miles SW.

of Trinity

25 J. S. White, l£ miles S. of

Trinity

27 Walter Lambeth, 4 miles SW.

of Trinity

Water levels in wells in the

and Randolph Counties. N. C.

Depth Height

to of

Depth Diameter water measuring 

(feet) (inches) level point

(feet) (feet)

30 24 27.50 37.50

39 18 28.75 38,75

34 18 32.85 42,85

54 48 47.15 57.15

32 36 18.23 28.23

28.5 34 23.57 33.57

34 32 27.64 37.64

30 20 27.00 37.00

37 30 37.10 47.10

36.5 36 35.34 45.34

23.5 24 19.00 29.00

11 18 5.00 15.00

40 36 22.50 32.50

22,5 30 22.73 32.73

48 36 46.47 56.47

27 30 24.30 34.30

31 24 28.00 38.00

48.5 30 46.00 56.00

31 22 11.00 21.00

36 36 29.00 39,00

27 18 24.40 34.40

Deep River area in Ouilford, Porsyth.

, in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date 124

1934

Dec. 3-7 9.75 8.57 10.15

1935

Jan, 8 10.25 10.00 10.05

Jan. 29-30 10.56 9.65 .....

Mar. 5 10.85 10.40 10,56

Apr. 2 12.16 11.14 11.01

30 12.37 11.94 11.51

June 3 12.17 12.32 12.11

July 1 10.12 12.11 12.33

29 10.31 12.14 12.20

Sept. 2 9.36 11.62 11.72

30 9.33 11.50 11.27

5 6 7 8 10

10.05 7.07 10.10 9.33 9.04

9.92 7.70 9.99 10.34 10.24

9.89 8,45 9.92 10.87 10.54

9.98 9.70 9.80 11.48 11.54

10.09 17.41 10.32 15.40 12.29

10.36 14.43 11.37 15.11 13.79

10.47 12.35 10.82 14,06 13.65

10.49 6.97 10.62 12.78 .....

10.53 5.20 10.49 12.84 .....

10.41 2.62 10.31 11.31 8.46

10.32 2,13 10,30 10,77 7.89
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 139 

Water levels in wells in the Deep River area - Continued

Date

1935 

Nov. 1 

29

1936 

Jan. 3-4

Date

1934 

Dec . 3-7

1935 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 29-30 

Mar. 5 

Apr. 2 

30

July 1 

29 

Sept. 2 

30 

Nov. 1 

 29 

1936

Date

1934

1935 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 29-30 

Mar. 5 

Apr. 2 

30 

June 3 

July 1 

29 

Sept. 2 

30 

Nov. 1 

29

1

8.81 

9.02

12.59

12

9.26

10.08 

10.35 

10.75 

11.31

12.26

11.62 

11.71 

10.92 

10.62 

9.94 

9.69

9.50

21

"giro

10.34 

12.18 

11.68 

11.57 

9.88 

9.60 

7.84 

7.70 

6.70 

7.39

2

10.88 

10.51

10.27

13

9.64

10.05 

10.45 

10.52 

11.22

11.98

11.37 

11.11 

10.48 

10.06 

9.59 

9.09

8.91

23

iolii

9.37 

13.95 

11.76 

12.05 

12.04 

12.00 

11.39 

10.88 

10.11 

9.64

4

10.74

10.62

14

9.97

10.10 

10.26 

10.94 

12.74 

13.04

11.94 

11.47 

10.75 

10.32 

9.82 

9.60

10.88

24

9

f^O

11.58 

10.70 

10.88 

16.40 

11.99 

8.42 

5.92 

4.77 

3.53 

2.92 

2.15 

2.18

5

10.17 

10.13

10.67

15

11.76

11.21 

10.04 

9.51 

12.76 

11.01

11.39

7.61 

9.56 

6.14 

6.14 

4.84 

5.65

13.27

25

*9l46 

8.94 

12.05 

12.49 

11.69 

10.67 

10.08 

9.10 

8.69 

8.01 

7.86

6

1.00 

2.05

17.28

17

9.98

10.23 

10.71 

11.69 

14.95 

14.07

14.22

11.54 

10.23 

8.46 

7.65 

6.52 

5.92

11.06

27

12.73

10.42 

10.56 

11.31 

14.19 

11.78 

10.39 

9.72 

10.34 

8.42 

8.88 

8.17 

10.69

7

10.17 

10.09

10.74

18

9.83

10.02 

10.12 

10.40 

10.96 

11.26

11.50

11.29 

10.98 

10.42 

10.05 

9.62

9.48

Average

9

"7R

10.13 

10.14 

10.51 

12.60 

12.25 

11.85 

10.53 

9.83 

9.30 

9.01 

8-34 

8.16

8

9.94

13.48

19

9.09

10.02 

10.01 

10.15 

10.31 

10.45

10.75

10.93 

11.05 

11.06 

10.99 

10.81 

10.62

10

7.06 

7*05

8.04

20

10.13 

10.50 

11.15 

11.85 

12.46

12.73

 

11.32 

10.83 

10.21 

9.84

9.72

1936 

Jan. 3-4 15.65 14.51 ..... 8.07 21.31 11.90
OKLAHOMA 

STILLWATER CREEK AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started In the Stlllwater Creek 

area, near Stlllwater, Oklahoma, In the spring of 1934 by the Geological 

Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service as part of a 

national soil-conservation program. This area is located in the SouthCentral Paleozoic ground-water province. A total of 17 wells have been 

measured. Two of these wells have since been abandoned, but weekly 

measurements have been made on the others by members of either the 

Geological Survey or the Soil Conservation Service. A total of 1,286 

measurements have been made from the beginning of the program to January 1, 1936, of which 650 were made during 1935 an average of 50 

measurements to the well during the year. A water-stage recorder has 

been in operation on well 17 since the beginning of the program.

The wells are in an area of gentle topography and penetrate thin 

alluvium or shaly or sandy rocks of lower Permian age. They range in 

depth from 21 to 47 feet and in diameter from 6 to 8 inches. They are 

all drilled except well 17, which is dug. All but two are cased with 

galvanized Iron; well 11 is uncased, and well 17 is cased with rock. 

They range from about 5 to 40 feet in depth to water level. At each 

well two 4 by 4 inch posts were driven to a solid foundation, and a 

4 by 4 inch cross bar was bolted at the top of these upright posts, and 

a sharp-edged iron plate was fastened to the cross bar to mark the measuring point. A bench mark was placed near each well, and the measuring 

point was instrumentally tied to it, but no attempt has been made to 

determine the altitude of the measuring points with respect to sea level. 

Only the records of measurements that were obtained nearest to the first 

of each month are given in this report. The method of expressing the 

results is explained in the introduction.

On June 2, 1934, the water levels in the observation wells stood on 

an average 10.77 feet above the arbitrary datum planes. They gradually 

declined during the growing season, which was also a period of low rainfall, and by August 31, 1934, they were down to an average of only 8.74 

feet. The rainfall amounted to about 7.5 inches in September, 1.68 inches 

in October, and about 4 inches in November; responding to this rainfall, 

the average of the water levels rose to 9.68 feet by the end of September

and to 10 feet by January 1, 1935. 

140
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 141

Rainfall of only 0.78 Inch In December 1934 and 0.72 Inch In January 

1935 permitted the water levels to decline slightly during January, but 

they showed a small recovery In February, which had 1.18 inches of rain. 

The rainfall amounted to 3.20 Inches In March, 2.00 inches in April, and 

3.59 inches In May. The water levels, In response to this rainfall, 

reached an average of 11.25 feet by July 1. In July the rainfall was 

less than half an inch, and the water levels declined sharply. There was 

a rainfall of 2.67 Inches In August, 2.50 Inches In September, 1.87 

inches In October, and 2.96 Inches In November. This rainfall was essentially required to supply the demands of the vegetation to replenish the 

soil moisture, with the result that the water levels continued to decline 

until the early part of December. The water levels averaged 9.19 feet 

on December 2, but In December there was 1.67 Inches of rainfall, and by 

December 30 the water levels rose to an average of 9.43 feet. Thus the 

average was 0.58 foot lower at the end of 1935 than at the beginning of 

the year.

Wells in the Stillwater Creek area, in Payne County. Okla.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column Is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

1

2

3

4

7

9

11

12

13

14

15

17

Owner and location

Unknown oil company; SW^

sec. 15, T. 19 N. R. 4 E.

J. P. Gilchrist, NWt sec. 36,

T. 20 N., R. 3 E.

V. D. Hesser, NW^- sec. 23,

T. 20 N., R. 3 E.

W. 0. Snyder, NW^ sec. 2,

T. 19 N., R. 3 E.

Charles Pocht, NW|- sec. 20,

T. 19 N., R. 3 E.

Owner unknown, SW-^ sec. 21,

T. 20 N., R. 2 E.

May Jetterman, NW-J sec. 10,

T. 19 N., R. 1 W.

Mrs. Martie Edwards, NE^-

sec. 13, T. 19 N., R. 1 W.

Erma T. Pool, SW^ sec. 23,

T. 19 N., R. 1 E.

E. C. Parks, NW-J- sec. 35,

T. 19 N., R. 2 E. 

Lovell Brothers, NE^ sec. 35,

T. 19 N., R. 3 E.

R. J. Haskett, NEj sec. 12,

T. 19 N., R. 1 E.

Depth 

(feet)

21.1

35.2

26.8

33.9

30.3

40.8

31.1

44.7

47.0

40.4

44.8

20.5

Depth 

to 

Diameter water 

(Inches) level 

(feet)

8

6

6

6

6

6

8

6

7

6

6

24

5.45

7.85

8.47

22.21

22.09

23.47

26.16

33.79

26.64

18.00

40.12

11.20

Height 

of 

measuring 

point 

(feet)

15.45

17.85

18.47

32.21

32.09

33.47

36.16

43.79

36.64

28.00

50.12

21.20

77056 O 36
142 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in the Stillwater Creek area, in Payne County,

Okla., in feet above

Date

1934

June 2

30

July 28

Aug. 26-31

Sept .29

Nov. 3

Dec. 1

29

1935

Feb. 2

Mar. 2

30

Apr. 27

June 1

July 1

29

Sept. 3

30

Nov. 4

Dec. 2

30

Date

1934

June 2

30

July 28

Aug. 26-31

Sept. 29

Nov. 3

Dec. 1

29

1935

Feb. 2

Mar. 2

30

Apr. 27

June 1

July 1

29

Sept. 3

30

Nov. 4

Dec. 2

30

1

9.04

8.54

8.16

7.87

8.66

8.97

10.31

10.02

9.96

10.33

10.86

10.48

10.65

11.16

9.84

9.83

9.31

9.21

9.46

9.70

12

9.81

9.98

9.97

10.02

9.72

9.84

10.10

10.21

10.33

11.22

10.48

9.58

9.42

9.12

8.95

9.17

2

10.74

10.40

9.92

9.51

9.75

9.57

9.76

10.00

10.07

10.14

10.42

10.50

10.57

10.82

10.57

9.82

9.66

9.43

9.53

10.10

13

10.19

10.68

10.19

10.06

9.39

9.80

9.77

9.41

9.69

9.53.

9.62

9.80

9.86

9.81

9.14

9.51

3

11.09

9.85

8.50

7.68

9.52

8.80

10.42

10.01

9.46

9.87

12.05

11.23

11.42

12.01

10.12

7.35

6.79

6.62

6.31

6.67

14

10.62

10.65

10.24

9.99

9.75

9.99

10.06

10.34

10.77

11.08

11.24

11.20

11.01

10.37

9.84

9.82

the arbitrary datum

4

12.46

11.26

10.10

9.13

9.14

8.91

9.56

10.01

10.17

10.34

11.28

11.80

12.08

13.16

12.32

10.68

10.01

9.62

9.74

10.03

15

10.06

10.28

10.00

9.98

9.83

10.08

10.13

9.94

10.12

10.12

10.12

9.88

9.86

9.71

9.34

9.57

7

11.23

10.12

9.34

8.95

9.06

9.28

9.34

9.99

9.97

10.50

11.12

11.24

11.53

12.93

11.90

10.31

9.76

9.28

8.78

9.15

17

9.64

10.00

10.08

10.28

10.91

11.11

11.51

11.72

9.84

9.25

8.50

9.53

9.87

10.08

9

10.06

10.02

9.43

9.29

9.57

9.99

9.89

10.02

9.45

9.22

9.24

9.47

10.11

10.46

10.49

9.82

9.54

9.44

9.25

9.32

Average

10.77

10.03

9.25

8.74

9.68

9.77

9.96

10.01

9.76

9.99

10.49

10.49

10.75

11.25

10.61

9.91

9.56

9.41

9.19

9.43

11

10.10

10.56

10.19

10.06

9.27

9.55

9.95

10.16

10.24

10.77

10.87

10.79

11.08

10.81

10.06

10.12
OREGON 

By Arthur M. Piper

Before 1935 there was no continuing regional program of water-level 

measurements In Oregon; rather, measurements had been made for a year or 

two in a few widely separated districts and then discontinued. Concurrent 

data for two or more districts are not available.

In the autumn of 1935 a small beginning was made on a continuing 

program of water-level measurements in the semiarid region east of the 

Cascade Mountains; this is being accomplished through cooperation between 

the United States Geological Survey and the Oregon Water Resources Department. Groups of former observation wells have been reestablished In 

three districts. Also, through a project of the Works Progress Administration, seven water-table wells have been constructed in one district 

to be used exclusively for measurements of ground-water levels. The 

project is being continued in 1936 to afford measurements at similar 

wells In at least three additional districts. The data from this regional 

program in 1935 are reported below for the respective districts.

PUBLISHED DATA

1 

Russell, in describing general geologic and hydrologic conditions

In southeastern and central Oregon, gives a few general statements as to 

artesian head but does not list specific measurements.

In 1906-7 Waring made reconnaissance surveys of ground-water conditions over an extensive area on the high semiarid plateau of southeastern

Oregon. He reports single measurements of depth to water to the nearest

2 

whole foot as follows: For the Christmas and Silver Lake Valleys, in

35 wells and test holes that range in depth from 10 to 247 feet and in 

submergence from half a foot to 198 feet; for the Harney Basin, in 52 

wells; and for the Alvord Valley, in 11 wells. It is inferred that the 

measurements were made with respect to the land surface. None of the 

measuring points were tied In by Instrumental leveling.

1 Russell, I. C., Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 252, 138 pp., 1905.

2 Waring, G. A., Geology and water resources of a portion or southcentral Oregon: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 220, p. 64, 1908; 

Geology and water resources of the Harney Basin region, Oregon: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 231, pp. 58-59, 75-76, 1909.

143
144 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

3 

Stearna liata the reported depth to water in 26 wells of the Middle

Deachutes River Basin and ahows the form of the water table with respect 

to aea-level datum by a contour map. With two exceptions the measurements 

of depth to water are listed to whole feet. In depth, the wells range 

from 18 to 1,690 feet} in submergence, from 5 to 1,033 feet.

In describing the hydrology of the Dalles region of north-central

4 

Oregon, Piper gives water-level data for 46 wells, comprising from one

to three measurements in each of 18 wells in 1930, and reported single 

depths to water in 26 wells additional. These wells range in depth from 

10 to 1,710 feet; in submergence from 1 to 1,620 feet. Supplemental data 

are given for three critical wells, as followsi (l) In the 4-year period

1926-30, 92 determinations of water level were made in the municipal well

5 

at The Dalles, largely by the city water commission. In addition a

water-stage recorder was maintained on this well by the United States 

Geological Survey through most of June 1930. This well taps the regional 

zone of saturation. Its water level has been shown to respond faithfully 

to changes in barometric pressure. (2) In 1930, 121 determinations of

water level were made in a relatively deep irrigation well operated by

6

the Cherry Hill District Improvement Co. This well is on a high dissected terrace and taps perched ground water. (3) Prom January to September, 1930, 28 water-level determinations were made in an irrigation well

7 

owned by R. P. Kelley; this well also taps perched ground water. At

these three critical wells the altitude of the measuring point with 

respect to sea-level datum is known from spirit leveling by the city 

engineer.

UNPUBLISHED DATA

Willamette Valley. In 1928-29 the United States Geological Survey 

and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station collaborated in a reconnaissance of ground-water conditions in the Willamette Valley of western 

Oregon. About 1,400 determinations of ground-water level were made as 

followsi In 269 wells, once or twice during the 2-year period; in 37 

wells, monthly from September 1928 to July 1930; in one well, daily from 

December 1928 until June 1930. Water-stage recorders were maintained

3 Stearns, H. T., Geology and water resources of the Middle Deschutes River Basin, Oreg.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 637, 

pp. 188-189, 1931.

4 Piper, A. M., Geology and ground-water resources of the Dalles 

region, Oreg.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 659, pp. 170-183, 

1932.

5 Idem, p. 159.

6 Idem, pp. 153-155.

7 Idem, p. 153.
WATER LEYELSL AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 19255 145

at three of these wells for terms of 10 to 21 months. These wells range 

in depth from 6 to 540 feet, but few of them are more than 150 feet deep. 

Most of them.show the level of the main water table, but some tap perched 

water and others tap confined water.

In 1935 the United States Engineer Department established 113 observation wells in the valley, Including 32 wells in which water levels had 

been determined by the Geological Survey in 1928-30. Water-level determinations have been made weekly by the Engineer Department in these wells, 

beginning in October 1935j altogether about 1,100 determinations were 

made by the end of that year. The following records for 12 typical wells 

compare ground-water levels in 1928, 1929, and 1935:

Water levelg in typical wells of the 

Willamette Valley. Oregon, in 1928. 1929 t and 1955

Measurements of depth to water made by United States Geological Survey prior to and including October 5, 1935; thereafter by United States 

Engineer Department. Except as indicated, altitudes refer to sea-level 

datum, general adjustment of 1929, by the United States Engineer Department, by instrumental leveling.

W. J. Gering, lot 3, sec. 4, T. 4 S. 

R. 2 W. Domestic dug well, 30 

inches in diameter and 23 feet 

deep, concrete-tile casing to 

23 feet. Measuring point, top 

of tile casing at east side, 

1.8 feet above land surface, 

altitude 125.37 feet.

Date

Sept. 26, 1928

July 3, 1929

Aug. 5

Sept. 24

Oct. 27

Nov. 29

Dec. 30

Feb. 2, 1930

Mar. 2

30

Apr Arm O6 1? {

July 25

Oct. 3, 1935

12

15

23

28

Nov. 4

11

18

Dec. 2

9

16

23

30

Hour

12:40 p.m.

7:00 a.m.

12:40 p.m.

3:10 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

11:20 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

3:50 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

1:45 p.m.

9:00 a.m.

2:00 p.m.

Depth 

to water* 

(feet)

18.8

17.45

18.75

20.94

20.47

20.70

20.25

18.30

16.65

16.50

16.65

18.90

18.45

18.42

18.83

18.79

18.80

18.83

18.80

18.82

19.07

18.59

17.74

17.68

16.78

Johnson School, SE-JSE^ sec. 34,

T. 4 S., R. 2 W. Domestic dug 

well, 18 inches in diameter 

and 20 feet deep, concretetile casing. Measuring point, 

top of tile casing, altitude 

174.66 feet. Land-surface 

altitude 172.9 feet, by U. S. 

Geological Survey, datum of 

1927.

Date Hour

Sept. 26, 1928 ..........

Oct. 20 ..........

Dec. 17 ..........

Feb. 3, 1929

Mar. 23 ..........

May 12 ..........

July 3 ..........

Aug. 5 ..........

Oct. 27 ..........

Nov. 29 ..........

Feb. 2, 1930 ..........

Mar. 2 ..........

30 ..........

Apr. 27 ..........

July 22 ..........

Oct. 3, 1935 5:10 p.m. 

10 12:25 p.m. 

15 4:05 p.m. 

23 4:40 p.m. 

28 1:25 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

17.9

18.5

15.3

O Q

5.45

6.40

10.10

13.6

16.55

18.30

18.95

19.55

12.00

3.40

3.45

4.75

7

RC:

15.31

19.33 

19.37 

19.35 

19.28 

19.57
146 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSDRB, 1935

Johnson School - Continued Gideon E. Stolz - Continued

Nov

Dec

Date

. 4, 1935

11

18

. 2

9

16

23

30

Hour

2:20 p.m.

1:10 p.m.

1:40 p.m.

5:20 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

3:30 p.m.

10:35 a.m.

4:10 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

19.80

19.65

19.57

19.22

19.61

18.67

18.24

15.61

George Fuller, NW-jNE-J sec. 13,

T. 5 S., R. 5 W. Drilled well, 

6 inches In diameter and 64 

feet deep, standard steel casing. Measuring point, top of 

casing, about 0.5 foot above 

land surface, altitude 151.59 

feet.

Sept. 24, 1928

Oct. 21

Dec. 17

Feb. 3, 1929

Mar. 24

May 12

Oct. 27

Nov. 29

Feb. 2, 1930

Mar. 2

30

Apr. 27

July 25

Oct. 3, 1935 

18 

21 

28 

Nov. 5 

11 

18 

26 

Dec. 2 

9 

16 

23 

30

3:00 p.m. 

3:35 p.m. 

12:00 m. 

1:30 p.m. 

9:40 a.m. 

12:30 p.m. 

11:00 a.m. 

10:15 a.m. 

3:10 p.m. 

1:30 p.m. 

12:30 p.m. 

12:15 p.m. 

12:30 p.m.

20.15

20.90

18.75

11.2

12.2

11.9

13.45

17.80

20.75

21.70

22.30

17.50

12.60

10.35

11.45

12.70

17.83

22.15 

22.35 

22.47 

22.44 

22.80 

23.08 

29.42 

22.75 

22.96 

22.07 

21.99 

20.22 

18.24

Gideon E. Stolz, SE-JSE-? sec. 33,

T. 6 S., R. 3 W. Drilled well, 

8 Inches in diameter and 57 

feet deep, standard steel casing to 57 feet, perforated at 

bottom. Measuring point from 

July 3, 1929, to Nov. 5, 1935, 

top of 8-inch casing in pit, 

altitude 118.58 feetj measuring 

point after Nov. 5, 1935, top 

of timber pump support at 

1-inch bored hole, altitude 

133.16 feet. Bench mark is 

top of concrete pit curb at 

northwest corner, altitude 

132.28 feet. Land-surface 

altitude about 132 feet.

Date

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec. .

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

July

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3, 1929

3

23

26

PQ*5e7

13

30

12, 1930

25

2

2

19

30

27

24

4, 1935

11

16

24

29

5

12

19

3

10

17

24

31

Hour

9:20

9:00

2:45

10:10

11:00

2:48

9:10

3:35

2:40

3:30

9:25

8:15

11:45

8:50

3:10

11:10

4:40

9:30

1:55

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

10.30

12.30

14.09

14.50

14.75

14.63

10.30

10.40

10.90

10.85

6.34

7.77

8.25

9.85

12.81

14.58

14.67

14.70

14.65

14.58

14.17

28.68

27.60

27.72

27.97

27.30

27.17

27.22

Fred Lucht, lot 3, sec. 7, T. 6 S., 

R. 1 E. Stock dug well, 3^ 

feet In diameter and 21 feet 

deep, brick curb. Measuring 

point, top of 2-inch plank 

well cover, altitude 259.49 

feet. Land surface altitude 

258.5 feet.

Sept. 21, 1928

Oct. 20

July 3, 1929

Aug. 5

Sept. 24

Oct. 26

Nov. 29

Dec. 30

Feb. 2, 1930

Mar. 2

30

Apr, 27

July 25

Oct. 3, 1935

11

16

24

28

Nov. 4

11

18

Dec. 3

9

17

23

28

31

6:20 p.m.

9:00 a.m.

7:00 a.m.

10:20 a.m.

4:25 p.m.

4:50 p.m.

3 1 50 p.m.

4:40 p.m.

10t45 a.m.

2:40 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

1:20 p.m.

4:60 p.m.

9:10 a.m.

12.6

12.85

9.15

11.45

14.10

15.60

16.25

S efnj on 

1.25

2.25

3.60

4.85

10.69

15.96

14.32

13.68

15.20

15.05

16.27

16.30

11.64

14.81

9.04

7.68

9.12

8.41

3.18
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 147

Henry Hoefer, SEjNW-l- sec. 12,

T. 10 S., R. 4 W. Domestic 

dug well, 2 feet in diameter 

and 24 feet deep, concretetile casing. Measuring point, 

top of tile casing at southwest side, 1.7 feet above land 

surface, altitude 187.44 feet.

Oregon Agricultural Experiment 

Station - Continued

Date

Aug. 1, 1928

Feb. 23, 1929

Mar. 19

May 12

July 3

Oct. 26

Nov. 28

Feb. 2, 1930

Mar. 2

30

May 29

July 24

Oct. 4, 1935 

11 

17 

25 

28 

Nov. 5 

12 

20 

Dec. 4 

10 

18 

24

Hour

12:10 p.m. 

5:45 p.m. 

9:50 a.m. 

12:20 p.m. 

3:20 p.m. 

3:35 p.m. 

5:00 p.m. 

9:10 a.m. 

11:00 a.m. 

3:40 p.m. 

10:35 a.m. 

4:35 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

21.80

22.95

23.6

21.2

1Q A.

20.1

TO rr

20.30

20.80

21.65

23.25

23.80

24.15

19.70

19.50

18.40

20.65

20.20

20.65

21.89

24.00 

24.20 

24.20 

24.20 

24.20 

24.40 

24.30 

24.30 

24.00 

24.90 

24.75 

23.30

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station (east farm), SW^SE^ sec. 

36, T. 11 S., R. 5 W. One of 

two irrigation drilled wells 

at northeast corner of common 

pit, 8 Inches in diameter and 

42 feet deep, standard steel 

casing. Measuring point, top 

of 8-inch casing, level with 

zero of staff gage on east 

face of pit curb, altitude 

197.38 feet. Measurements 

with the plus sign (+) are in 

feet above measuring point; 

other readings are in feet below measuring point. Landsurface altitude 218.9 feet.

Sept

Oct.

.26, 1929

27

28

9Q

30

1 

2 

3 

4 

5

7:45 a.m. 

6:20 a.m. 

6:34 a.m. 

6:50 a.m. 

7:10 a.m.

1.96

1.96

1.98

1.98

2.00

2.00 

2.02 

2.04 

2.05 

2.06

Date

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

i

6, 1929

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Depth 

Hour to water 

(feet)

7:50 a.m.

6:30 a.m.

7:30 a.m.

7:40 a.m.

7:40 a.m.

7:20 a.m.

8:30 a.m.

9:25 a.m.

6:55 a.m.

12:30 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:00 m.

12:35 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

1:25 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

1:00 p.m.

1:35 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

2:45 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

2:50 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

11:50 a.m.

12:50 p.m.

11:20 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

11:00 a.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

1:00 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

1:05 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

11:50 a.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

11:50 a.m.

11:40 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

12:40 p.m.

12:50 p.m.

2.07

2.08

2.08

2.06

2.06

2.06

2.02

2.02

2.05

2.06

2.07

2.10

2.10

2.11

2.12

2.12

2.12

2.13

2.14

2.15

2.15

2.16

2.17

2.20

2.23

2.26

2.26

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.24

2.24

2.24

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.24

2.23

2.22

2.23

2.24

2.25

2.26

2.26

2.27

2.28

2.29

"2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.31

2.32

2.32

2.34

2.35

2.34

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.36

2,35

2.34

2.34

2.35

2.33

2.17

2.00

1.72
148 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Oregon Agricultural Experiment 

Station - Continued J. H. Swatzka - Continued

I

Dec.

Jan.

June

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

)ate

14, 1929

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

1, 1930

2

29

30

5, 1935

12

18

21

30

7

13

20

29

4

11

18

26

Hour

10:50 a.m.

11:55 a.m.

1:35 p.m.

11:55 a.m.

11:50 a.m.

5:05 p.m.

6:00 p.m.

12:00 m.

12:10 p.m.

11:55 a.m.

12:30 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

12:20 p.m.

12:05 p.m.

12:15 p.m.

12:00 m.

11:55 a.m.

12:30 p.m.

12:10 p.m.

5:15 p.m.

12:00 m.

3:00 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

8:45 a.m.

8:30 a.m.

3:25 p.m.

10:00 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

8:20 a.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1.20

.48

+ .90

+1.55

+2.20

+2.80

+9.55

+13.32

+12.10

+11.80

+11.65

+11.42

+11.00

+10.12

+10.25

+10.10

+10.15

+9.00

+8.47

+8.40

.45

.50

1.93

1.96

1.65

1.70

1.85

1.95

1.73

1.12

1.15

2.01

1.54

+ .40

+ .20

H. Swatzka, SE^SE^ sec. 9, 

T. 12 S., R. 3 W. Domestic 

dug well, 30 inches in diameter and 19 feet deep, brick 

curb. Measuring point from 

July 28, 1928, to July 23, 

1930, top of recorder table, 

1.2 feet above land surface; 

measuring point from Oct. 4, 

1935, to Nov. 6, 1935, top 

of 2-inch plank deck, 0.2 

foot above land surface, 

1.05 feet below top of recorder table, altitude 

272.9 feet; measuring point 

after Nov. 6, 1935, 0.15 

foot above top of 2-inch 

plank deck. Land-surface 

altitude 272.7 feet.

July 28, 1928 ......

6 ......

15 ......

Oct. 8 ......

21 ......

20 ......

Feb. 2 ......

16 ......

.... 10.65

.... 13.78

.... 14.03

.... 14.57

.... 15.81

.... 16.32

.... 5.90

.... 3.20

Mar.

MflTT

Sept

Oct.

Nov. 

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

May 

July 

Oct.

Nov. 

Dec.

Date

7, 1929

31

18

13

4

15

2

. 3

7

23

25

27 

31 

5, 1930

11

18

26

1

16

23

1 

19

29 

6

26 

28 

23 

4, 1935 

12 17" 

30 

6 

12 

20 

4 

11 

18 

26 

28

Hour

2:55 p.m. 

12:40 p.m.

12:55 p.m.

12:00 m.

1:00 p.m.

12:30 p.m. 

4:00 p.m. 

11:10 a.m. 

3:00 p.m. 

8:00 a.m. 

1:10 p.m. 

10:45 a.m. 

10:50 a.m. 

1:10 p.m. 

2:45 p.m. 

4:00 p.m. 

10:55 a.m. 

1:35 p.m. 

1:45 p.m. 

2:20 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

4.27

4.11

3.49

4.82

6.18

8.12 .

8.86

10.23

13.51

13.79

15.13

16.69

17.55 

3.92 

3.40

4.05

4.70

5.17

2.90 

3.02

3.33

2.75

3.49 

4.73

4.22 

4.95

4.33 

5.70 

9.81 

15.60 

15.81 

15.45 

16.15 

16.28 

16.20 

16.00 

15.74 

14.22 

11.13 

10.27 

9.32

Ray Fisher, NE^NW^ sec. 14, T. 12 S., 

R. 2 W. Irrigation dug well, 

8 feet square and 19 feet deep, 

timber curb. Measuring point 

from Aug. 17, 1928, to July 23, 

1930, top of pump-house sill, 

altitude 352.35 feetj measuring point beginning Oct. 4, 

1935, top of 6 by 6 inch pump 

support at painted arrow, 

altitude 353.15 feet.

Aug. 17, 1928 ......

Oct. 21 ......

Dec. 16 ......

Feb. 2, 1929 ......

May 9 ......

Oct. 25 ......

Nov. 27 ......

.... 13.9

.... 13.0

.... 11.9

.... 12.2

.... 10.55

.... 11.90

.... 12.30

.... 13.8

.... 14.95

.... 14.75

.... 14.90
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 149

Ray Fisher - Continued Junction City - Continued

Date Hour

Depth

to water

(feet)

Pet). 1, 1930 

Mar. 1

29

Apr. 26 

May 28 

July 23 

Oct. 4, 1935

12

17

30 

Nov. 6

13

20 

Dec. 4

11

18

26

4:10 p.m.

9:00 a.m. 

11:25 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

9:25 a.m. 

10:20 a.m. 

11:20 a.m. 

12:45 p.m. 

10:30 a.m. 

11:55 a.m. 

10:20 a.m.

10.95

10.50

11.05

12.05

11.80

13.84

16.25

16.26

15.79

15.45

15.47

15.23

15.14

14.58

14.38

13.33

13.72

Keeney School, District 51, SW^-SW-J 

sec. 34, T. 13 S., R. 3 W. 

Driven well, lj inches in diameter and 18 feet deep. 

Measuring point, lower valve 

seat of pump, 2.5 feet above 

concrete platform, altitude 

287.5 feet.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Mo.y

July

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

16 , 1928

25, 1929

P*7 & I

31

1, 1930

1

PQ Ci-y

26

28

23

4, 1935

12

17

30

6

13

21

5

11

18

26

28

5:05

10:00

3:45

4:20

3:50

4:55

8:30

9:10

3:45

4:15

5:00

1:55

p.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

9.5

11.15

11.40

5.65

5.00

5.05

5.25

4.95

6.38

8.71

10.91

10.93

11.02

10.30

10.35

10.24

10.00

8.72

7.50

6.28

5.68

5.80

Junction City, NW^SW-J sec. 32, 

T. 15 S., R. 4 W. Fireprotection dug well, 8 feet in 

diameter and 20 feet deep, in 

northwest angle of Seventh and 

Holly Streets, masonry curb. 

Measuring point, top face of 

manhole rim at southeast side, 

level with street surface, 

altitude 323.4 feet.

Aug. 23, 

July 4, 

Aug. 2 

Sept.23 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 28

1928

1929

8.9

7.1

8.2

9.75

10.3

10.65

]

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Date

2, 1930

31

28

28

25

23

23

5, 1935

12

18

21

30

7

13

20

29

5

12

19

27

Hour

11:55 a.m.

3:20 p.m.

10:50 a.m.

5:20 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

4:35 p.m.

3:00 p.m.

1:00 p.m.

12:45 p.m.

10:50 a.m.

3:40 p.m.

3:30 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

5.25

4.0

4,6

5.55

5.75

6.28

8.32

10.64

10.69

10.48

10.54

10.85

10.81

10.52

10.55

10.60

10.77

9.76

9.53

9.40

Leo Sidwell, SW^NEf sec. 32,

T. 16 S., R. 3 W. Irrigation 

dug well, 4 feet in diameter 

and 19 feet deep, 36-inch concrete-tile casing, at southwest 

corner of field about 200 yards 

west of dwelling. Measuring 

point from Sept. 5, 1928, to 

July 3, 1930, top of recorder 

table, altitude 390.2 feet; 

measuring point beginning 

Oct. 5, 1935, inner lip of 

tile casing at south side, 

altitude about 388.98 feet. 

Land-surface altitude 389.0 

feet.

Aug. 21, 1928

Sept. 5

15

Oct. 8

Nov. 2

Dec. 16

Feb. 2, 1929

Mar. 7

Apr. 18

May 9

July 4

Sept. 23

Oct. 26

Nov. 18

Dec. 31

Feb. 9, 1930

Mar. 29

Apr. 26

July 23

Oct. 5, 1935 

12 

17 

31 

Nov. 7 

14 

21 

Dec. 5 

12 

19 

27

t

10:05 a.m. 

1:55 p.m. 

5:40 p.m. 

3:00 p.m. 

2:25 p.m. 

2:05 p.m. 

2:45 p.m. 

3:25 p.m. 

3:55 p.m. 

2:40 p.m. 

3:55 p.m.

12.45

13.79

13.82

13.86

13.88

13.60

11.88

11.67

11.96

11.35

i p P4.

12.81

12.63

12.75

1 P >7R

9.60

10.53

10.75

1 1 PR

12.22

12.60 

12.60 

12.32 

12.98 

13.00 

12.52 

12.50 

12.38 

12.22 

11.78 

11.72
150 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Harney Basin. In another cooperative investigation by the United 

States Geological Survey and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, 

about 3,800 determinations of ground-water levels were made in the Harney

Basin in 1930-32. These data have been released to the public in a pre8 

liminary report. In 279 wells the depth to water was measured in the

autumn of 1930 and the spring of 1931 and again in the spring of 1932. 

Supplemental measurements of depth to water were made as follows: In 

68 of the foregoing wells, monthly from August 1930 to August 1932j In 

29 of the wells, weekly throughout the irrigation seasons of 1931 and 

1932, also monthly during the nonirrigation seasons; in 3 wells, daily 

during most of the irrigation seasons and monthly for the remainder of 

the term. Water-stage recorders were operated for about 2 months at each 

of 4 wells, also for 21 months at each of 2 wells. The observation wells 

range in depth from 6 to about 800 feet, but most are less than 150 feet. 

About 175 of these wells tap unconfined water in valley fill, 75 wells 

tap confined water in deep pervious beds -in valley fill, and 28 wells 

tap pervious zones in bedrock. The altitude of the measuring point at 

about 100 wells has been determined by instrumental leveling.

Ground-water levels in the basin fluctuate in response to rise and 

fall of streams, to pumpage from the deep pervious beds, and to transpiration by native ground-water vegetation. However, the water levels for 

the several pervious zones respond unequally to these forces.

In connection with the regional program that was started in 1935, 

seven permanent observation wells were dug to the water table along 

rights of way for public roads in the Silvies River subarea of the Harney 

Basin. In addition, 18 of the former observation wells were reestablished, 

and 1 well was newly selected for water-level measurements, with permission of the owner. It is contemplated th'at indexes for the seven 

permanent wells will be developed to evaluate mean water-level fluctuations in the subarea and that observations in the supplemental wells will 

ultimately be discontinued. Descriptive and water-level data follow.

8 Piper, A. M., Robinson, T. W., and Park, C. P., Jr., Geology and 

ground-water resources of the Harney Basin, Oreg.s U. S. Geol. Survey 

typewritten report, pp. 477-551, June 22, 1935.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 151

Water levels in typical wells in the Harney Valley. Oreg. .

in 1951-52 and 1955-56

Except as Indicated, measurements of depth to water were made by 

United States Geological Survey; altitudes by Geological Survey, datum 

of 1927, by instrumental leveling.

Prank Triaka, HW^NEj aec. 56, T. 22 S., R. 32 E. Domestic drilled 

well, 6 inches in diameter and 44 feet .deep. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 6.6 foot above land surface, altitude 4,133 feet (interpolated). 

Depth to water: Dec. 4, 1931, 10.75 feet} Dec. 20, 1955, 8.6 feet; 

rise, 2.15 feet.

I. L. Poujade, NE^NW-| sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 52-J E. Unused dug well, 

5 feet in diameter and 14 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 2- by 

14- inch plank, level with land surface, altitude 4,145 feet (interpolated). 

Depth to water: Dec. 4, 1951, 12.5 feet; Dec. 22, 1955, 10.8 feet; 

rise, 1.5 feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Drewsey highway, lot 4, sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 51 E., constructed in December- 1955, 

18 inches square and 14 feet deep. Wood curbing to 12 feet, perforated 

12-inch steel casing 10 to 14 feet. Measuring point, top of wood curb, 

a copper nail with washer, 1.0 feet above land surface. Depth to water 

1956: January 15, 10.30 feet; February 18, 10.32 feet.

Estate of William Hanley, lot 5, sec. 5, T. 23 S., R. 31 E. Domestic 

bored well, 5 feet in diameter and 42 feet deep. Measuring point, top 

of plank well cover, copper nail with washer, 2.0 feet above land surface, altitude 4,162 feet (interpolated). Depth to water: Dec. 4, 1951, 

16.7 feet; Dec. 25, 1955, 12.4 feet; rise, 4.5 feet.

Hansen, lot 1, sec. 7, T. 25 S., R. 51 E. Unused drilled well, 4 

inches in diameter and 14 feet deep. Measuring point, top of casing, 

2.5 feet above land surface, altitude 4,157 feet (interpolated).- Depth 

to water: Jan. 4, 1952, 15.1 feet; Dec. 27, 1935, 8.26 feet; rise, 4.8 

feet.

Burns Airport, SW^SW^ sec. 9, T. 23 S., R. 51 E. Domestic bored 

well, 4jj inches in diameter and 25 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 0.5 foot above land surface, altitude 4,150 0 19 feet. Depth to 

water: Jan. 6, 1932, 13.55 feet; Dec. 16, 1935, 10.92 feet; rise, 2.63 

feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for county road, 

sec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 31 E. , constructed in December 1955, 18 inches 

square and 17 feet deep. Wood curbing to 14 feet, perforated 12-inch 

steel casing 15 to 17 feet. Measuring point, top of wood curb, copper 

nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to water: Jan. 15, 

1936, 13.70 feet.

J. S. Cook, NEjNW^ sec. 15, T. 25 S., R. 51 E. Stock drilled well, 

6 inches in diameter and 179 feet deep. Measuring point, top of casing, 

1.0 foot above land surface, altitude 4,140 feet ( interpolated) . Depth 

to water: Dec. 17, 1935, 11.58 feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Narrows highway, SW^NW^ sec. 16, T. 23 S., R. 51 E., constructed in January 1936, 

18 inches square and 14 feet deep. Wood curbing to 11 feet, perforated 

12-inch steel casing 10 to 14 feet. Measuring point, top of wood curb, 

copper nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to water: 

Jan. 15, 1936, 10.10 feet.

Observation well, NE^MW^ sec. 17, T. 25 S., R. 51 E., bored by 

U. S. Geological Survey, 4 inches in diameter and 11 feet deep. Measuring point, top of stovepipe casing, 0.8 foot above land surface, 

altitude 4,147.26 feet. Depth to water: Dec. 6, 1951, 8.53 feet; 

Dec. 17, 1955, 7.10 feet; rise, 1.25 feet.
152 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1955

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Narrows highway, 

-I sec. 35, T. 23 S., R. 51 E., constructed in December 1935, 18 

inches square and 12-g- feet deep. Wood curbing to 10 feet, perforated 

12- inch steel casing from 8^ to 12-^ feet. Measuring point, top of wood 

curbing, copper nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to 

water: Jan. 15, 1956, 9.10 feet.

Barney Branch Experiment Station, NE^SWi sec. 7, T. 25 S., R. 52 E. 

Observation bored well, 11-|- feet deep, about 20 feet northeast of 18-inch 

well, record of which is given below. Measuring point, top of stovepipe 

casing, 0.4 foot above land surface, altitude 4,155.6 feet.

Date

Jan. 2,

Feb. 2

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 4

June 5

July 7

Sept. 2

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

26

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1955 9.1

9.5

9.4

9.2

9.5

7.7

5.6

4.8

5.9

6.8

7.9

8.5

Date

Apr. 1,

18

May 4

June 5

29

July 28

Sept. 4

Oct. 5

Nov. 5

29

Dec. 22

Feb. 7,

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1954 8.8

7.5

7.5

5.9

5.5

5.4

6.6

7.8

8.5

8.6

8.7

1955 8.9

Date

Mar. 1, 1955

Apr. 5

May 5

June 6

July 5

Aug. 5

Oct. 2

Nov. 4

27

Dec. 16

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

8.85

8.8

8.9

8.25

6.7

6.25

8.1

8.5

8.7

8.5

Barney Branch Experiment Station, NE-^SW-J sec. 7, T. 23 S., R. 52 E. 

Irrigation bored well, 18 inches in diameter and 95 feet deep. Measuring 

point, center of pneumatic depth gage, 1.4 feet above land surface, altitude 4,156.8 ~

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

2, 1935

2 

1

1

4

2

1

1

7

7

7

7

7

16

11

10

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.0

.0

.5

Dec.

Apr.

Nov.

Dec.

Feb.

1,

26

1,

18

5

29

22

7,

195S

1934

1935

10

8

8

8

11

11

11

9

.5

.2

.0

.0

.6

.4

.2

.0

Mar.

Apr.

May

Nov.

Dec.

1, 1935

5

5

4

27

16

9.0

8.5

8.2

10.5

9.2

9.2

Barney Branch Experiment Station, SW-^SEi sec. 7, T. 25 S., R. 52 E. 

Irrigation drilled well, 8 inches in diameter, initial depth reported 218 

feet. Measuring point, center of pneumatic depth gage, 0.7 foot above 

land surface, altitude 4,157.4 feet. Depth to water (by R. E. Butchison): 

1951, Apr. 29, 12.0 feet; May 5, 16.3 feetj Dec. 5, 10.0 feet. 19S5, 

Apr. 3, 8.8 feet; May 5, 9.5 feet; Nov. 27, 11.2 feet; average rise, 5.0 

feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Crane highway, 

SE^SEi sec. 50, T. 23 S., R. 32 E., constructed in January 1956, 18 

inches square and 15 feet deep. Wood curbing to 15 feet, perforated 

12-inch steel casing 1&| to 19-J feet. Measuring point, top of wood 

curbing, copper nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to 

waten Jan. 29, 1956, 15.00 feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Narrows highway, SW^SW^ sec. 28, T. 24 S., R. 51 E., constructed in December 1955, 

18 inches square and 17 feet deep. Wood curbing to 15 feet, perforated 

12-inch steel casing 15 to 17 feet. Measuring point, top of wood curbing, 

copper nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to water: 

Jan. 15, 1956, 14.00 feet.

Permanent observation well on right of way for Burns-Crane highway,

sec. 25, T. 24 S., R. 52 E., constructed in January 1956, 18 

inches square and 48 feet deep. Wood curbing to 40 feet, perforated 

12-inch steel casing 40 to 48 feet. Measuring point, top of wood curbing, copper nail with washer, 1.0 foot above land surface. Depth to 

water: Jan. 29, 1956, 44.50 'feet.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 ' 153

C. M. Spencer, lot 3, seo. 30, T. 24 S., R. 33 E. Unused bored 

well, 6 inches in diameter and 16 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 

wood curbing, 0.7 foot above land surface, altitude 4,111 feet (interpolated). Depth to waten Oct. 7, 1930, 16.5 feetj Dec. 18, 1935, 16.0 

feet; rise, 0.5 foot.

E. N. Nelson, SE^SWi sec. 9, T. 25 S., R. 31 E. Stock drilled well, 

6 incb.es in- diameter and 105 feet deep. Measuring point, top of casing, 

1.1 feet above land surface, altitude 4,124 feet T interpolated) . Depth 

to water: Dec. 6, 1931, 14.95; Dec. 18, 1935, 14.80; rise, 0.15 foot.

Owner unknown, SE^SEi sec. 28, T. 25 S., R. 31 E. Unused well, 2 

inches in diameter and 31 feet deep. Measuring point, lower valve seat 

of pump, 1.7 feet above land surface, altitude 4,113 feet (interpolated). 

Depth to water: Jan. 6, 1932, 17.55 feet; Dec. 22, 1935, 18.22 feet; 

decline, 0.67 foot.

Prank ELitzke, NE^SEib sec. 30, T. 25 S., R. 31 E. Unused well, 

4 inches in diameter and 60 feet deep. Measuring point, top of casing, 

1.0 foot above land surface, altitude 4,186 feet (interpolated). Depth 

to water: Oct. 16, 1930, 54.40 feet; Dec. 18, 1935, 55.50 feet; decline, 

1.10 feet.

C. M. Spencer, SE-^SWi sec. 1, To 25 S., R. 32j? E. Unused well, 

10 inches in diameter and 23 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 2-ineh 

plank platform, 0.2 foot above land surface, altitude 4,103.10 feet. 

Depth to waterj Jan. 5, 1932, 22.00 feet; Dec. 23, 1935, 21.82 feet; 

rise, 0.18 foot.

Fred Timm, lot 3, sec. 5, T. 25 S., R. 32ig E. Domestic well, 8 

inches in diameter and 22 feet deep. Measuring point, top of box pump 

support, 2.1 feet above land surface, altitude 4,107.40 feet. Depth to 

water: Jan. 5, 1932, 23.25 feet; Dec. J7, 1935, 21.35 feet; rise, 1.90 

feet.

Owner unknown, NW-jNWi sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 33 E. Unused well, 

2 inches in diameter and 28-J feet deep. Measuring point, top of casing, 

2.0 feet above land surface, altitude 4,110 feet (interpolated). Depth 

to water: Dec. 4, 1931, 26.3 feet; Dec. 18, 1935, 25.10 feet; rise, 

1.20 feet.

Observation well, NEjNEi sec. 15, T. 26 S 0 , R. 31 E., bored by 

United States Geological Survey, 3 inches in diameter and 14 feet deep. 

Measuring point, top of stovepipe casing, 0.5 foot above land surface, 

altitude 4,096.41 feet. Depth to water: Dec. 6, 1931, 13.45 feet; 

Dec. 16, 1935, 13.62 feet; decline, 0.17 foot.

Among the wells listed above, 13 afford comparisons of water-table 

level about the end of 1931 and 1935; these are not influenced by large 

artificial withdrawals. The 4-year change in water level ranges from a 

rise of 2.63 feet to a decline of 0.67 foot; the average is a rise of 

1.58 feet. One well, at the Harney Branch Experiment Station, affords 

monthly determinations of water level through most of the 4-year period. 

The averages of the 12 measurements in 1931 and of the 11 measurements 

in 1935 indicate a rise of 0.38 foot in the 4 years, whereas the two 

year-end measurements indicate a rise of 1.0 foot. The intervening 

yearly changes in average water level are: 1932, rise 0.65 footf 1933, 

rise 0.15 foot; 1934, rise 0.47 foot; 1935, decline 0.89 foot.
154 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Walla Walla Basin. In 1932-33 about 2>900 determinations of groundwater level were made in that part of the Walla Walla Basin that lies in 

Oregon. These determinations were made in 77 observation wells maintained 

in collaboration between the United States Geological Survey, the Water 

Resources Department of Oregon, the Umatilla County Court (Oregon), and

the Washington Department of Conservation and Development. The data have

9 

been released to the public. The wells range in depth from 4 to 98 feet,

but only 7 wells exce.ed 50 feet. Prom December 1932 until September 1933 

float gages at 10 of the wells were read twice weekly by the owners. From 

May until September 1933 water levels were determined weekly at 57 of the 

wells, twice a month at 9 wells, and monthly at 1 well. A water-stage 

recorder was operated at one well for 14 months and at another well for 

5 months. So far as known, all these observation wells show water-table 

levels. Most measuring points have been tied to sea-level datum by instrumental leveling*

In the Oregon portion of the Walla Walla Basin the water-table level 

appears to depend chiefly upon the stage of the Walla Walla River, which 

is a flashy intermittent stream. The water table also fluctuates in response to the infiltration of rain or of water applied to the land for irrigation, as well as in response to heavy pumping in a small district near

10

Preewater. Flashy storm run-off in the Walla Walla River sets up pronounced ground-water waves that move outward through the coarse alluvial 

fill and that may cause the water level in certain wells to rise and fall 

rapidly several times during the year. With the oncoming spring freshet, 

the ground-water level may rise 10 feet in as many days; within 2 months 

it may rise 25 feet and pass from its lowest level to its highest level 

of the year. As the freshets wane, ground^water decline is nearly as 

rapid, even before the pumping season begins.

In October 1935, 21 of the observation wells were reestablished in 

connection with the regional water-level program. Subsequently, depth 

to water has been measured monthly in each of these wells by the district 

water masterj at three of these wells float gages were installed «nri have 

been read twice a week by the owners. Altogether 134 determinations of 

ground-water level were made in 1935j these are shown in the following 

list.

9 Piper, A. M., Robinson, T. W., and Thomas. H. E., Ground water in 

the Walla Walla Basin, Oregon-Washington: U. S. Geol. Survey typewritten 

report, pp. 107-238, October 30, 1933. 

10 Idem, pp. 70-80.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 156

Water levels in typical yells la the 

Walla Walla Basin. Oregon, in 1955 and 1955

Measurements of depth to water made by United States Geological Survey, Oregon Water Resources Department, and Washington Department of Conservation and Development. Altitudes refer to sea-level datum, general 

adjustment of 1929, by the Geological Survey and the Oregon Water Resources Department.

M. 0. Beauchamp, SE^SEi sec. 13, T. 6 N., R. 34 E. Domestic dug 

well, 1,6 feet in diameter and 11 feet deep, tile casing. Measuring 

point, top of wood well cover at 1^-inch hole, painted arrow, altitude 

684.87 feet. Bench mark, Immediately south of well, top of concrete 

stock- water ing trough at its southwest corner; altitude 647.65 feet. 

Land- surf ace altitude 682.9 feet.

Date

May 31, 1933

June 21

July 5

15

Aug. 1

8

15

22

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

6.11

6.69

6.11

6.96

6.36

5.47

6.70

6.75

Date

Aug. 29,

Sept. 5

12

21

26

Oct. 3

10

16

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 6.92

6.99

7.20

7.43

8.36

7.42

7.65

7.88

Date

Oct. 31,

Dec. 6

28

Jan. 3,

Oct. 23,

Nov. 7

Dec. 5

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 8.37

6.64

6.90

1934 6.28

1936 9.05

9.14

7.54

Owner unknown, SW^SW^ sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 34 E. Unused driven well, 

1 inch in diameter and 12 feet deep, cased with iron pipe. Measuring 

point, top of 1-inch pipe at painted arrow, altitude 638.47 feet. Landsurface altitude 636.3 feet.

Dec. 5, 1933 

28

9.08 

8.59

Jan. 3, 1934 

Oct. 23, 1935

8.35 

10.68

Nov. 7, 1935 10.62

Conrad Miller, NE-j-SWi sec. 14, T. 6 N.. R. 35 E. Domestic dug well, 

7 feet in diameter and 15 feet deep, concrete curbing to 8 feet. Measuring point, top of concrete curb at northeast side, painted arrow, altitude 

789.76 feet. Bench mark, 400 feet east of well at Queener's service station, on south end of concrete base to gasoline pumps, painted cross, altitude 789.51 feet.

Sept. 26, 1933 6.42 

Oct. 2 6.53 

10 7.25 

16 7.59

Oct. 31, 1933 7,67 

Dec. 5 7.56 

30 5.46 

Jan. 4, 1934 5.04

Oct. 23, 1935 7.77 

Nov. 8 8.27 

Dec. 7 9.27

Claude Winn, NW^NEi sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Unused dug well, 4 

feet square and 13 feet deep, horizontal wood lagging. Measuring point, 

top of 2- by 4- inch post at northwest corner of well, marked by copper 

nail and washer, altitude 730.81 feet. Land-surface altitude 730.8 feet.

May 11, 1933

June 2

19

July 2

17

Aug. 3

3.91

4.16

4.55

4.68

5.22

5.43

Aug. 16, 1933

30

Sept. 13

27

Oct. 11

Nov. 2

5.62

5.65

5.56

4.88

4.87

4.17

Dec. 6, 1933

Oct. 23, 1935

Nov. 8

Dec. 7

4.14

4.35

2.63

3.98
156 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Herman Markman, SW-jNEi sec. 20, T. 6 K., R. 35 E. Domestic dug well, 

5 feet in diameter and 18 feet deep, concrete curb. Measuring point, top 

of concrete floor of pump house, at painted arrow, altitude 734.82 feet. 

Bench mark, top of concrete curb at east entrance to pump house, painted 

square, altitude 737.00 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 28, 1933 1.74 

Jan. 3, 1934 1.74

Date

Oct. 23, 

Nov. 7

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1935 7.39 

6.58

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 5, 1935 3.70

Jackson, SW^SE-J sec. 20, T. 6 K., R. 35 E. Irrigation dug well, 5 

feet square and 38 feet deep, concrete curbing. Measuring point from 

Sept. 4, 1933, to Jan. 3, 1934, top of concrete curb at southwest corner, 

painted arrow, altitude 762.89 feet; measuring point beginning Oct. 23, 

1935, bottom of tee at top of discharge pipe, altitude 764.33 feet. Bench 

mark, in base of south side of power pole 70 feet southeast of well, spike, 

altitude 765.87 feet.

Sept

Oct.

. 4, 1933

12

21

25

2

33

33

34

34

33

.33

.97

.23

.55

.75

Oct.

Dec.

10, 1933

16

31

5

28

34

34

32

31

31

.79

.57

.98

.47

.94

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3,

23,

7

5

1934

1935

32.24

38.6

35.40

33.30

Behnke, SE^NEj sec. 21, T. 6 K., R. 35 E. Irrigation dug well, 5.5 

feet in diameter and 19 feet deep, concrete curbing to 12 feet. Measuring 

point, top of concrete curb at south side, painted arrow, altitude 784.62 

feet. Land-surface altitude 784.6 feet.

May

June

July

Aug.

15, 1933

6

21

5

15

31

7

15

14

16

15

13

17

19

18

18

.94

.43

.71

.62

.49

.02

.99

.78

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

21, 1933

29

. 4

12

21

25

2

12

18

19

18

19

18

18

18

18

.98

.16

.97

.35

.96

.'95 .75

.08

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Oct.

Dec.

16,

31

4

28

3,

23,

5

1933

1934

1935

18.97

19.08

17.40

17.38

19.04

15.52

19.41

William Pomeringin, NEiNWi sec. 24, T. 6 K., R. 35 E. Domestic dug 

well, 9 feet square and 34 feet deep, uncased. Measuring point, top of 

plank cover near southeast corner of trap door, above a copper nail and 

washer in vertical edge of plank, altitude 851.04 feet. Bench mark, top 

of southwest concrete footing of tank house, altitude 851,72 feet. Landsurface altitude 851.0 feet.

Aug.

Sept

21, 1933

29

. 4

12

20

26

30

29

30

30

30

30

.32

.93

.00

.35

.45

.73

Oct. 2, 1933

10

16

31

Dec. 5

30

30

30

30

31

31

31

.60

.80

.86

.09

.20

.40

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4,

23,

8

7

1934

1935

31

31

32

32

.19

.98

.42

.08

C. B. Miller, SWiSE£ sec. 24, T. 6 K., R. 35 E. Irrigation dug well, 

6 feet square and 33 feet deep, concrete casing. Measuring point July 6, 

1933, to Oct. 24, 1935, top of metal hoist frame near northeast corner of 

well, altitude 864.30 feet; measuring point beginning Nov. 9, 1935, top of 

concrete curb at pump-discharge pipe, altitude about 862.8 feet. Bench 

mark, top of concrete inlet box near gate in fence, painted cross, altitude 862.10 feet. Land-surface altitude 862.3 feet.

July

Aug.

5, 1933

8

15

17

22

31

7

14

12

12

12

19

13

21

24

23

.30

.45

.52

.81

.33

.26

.85

.34

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

21, 1933

28

. 4

11

20

25

2

9

23

16

16

16

25

15

14

15

.98

.43

.79

.98

.68

.95

.93

.15

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

16,

30

4

30

4,

24,

9

7

1933

1934

1935

15.79

16.38

13.30

11.04

10.97

16.98

16.18

19.00
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 157

Boerstler, NExNWi sec. 26, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Irrigation well, 6 

feet square, dug 28 feet and drilled 28 to 46 feet, concrete curbing to 

12 feet. Measuring point from Aug. 18, 1933, to Jan. 4, 1934, nail in 

vertical face of wood block spiked on top of sill of well cover, south 

side of well, altitude 867.61 feet; measuring point beginning Oct. 23, 

1935, top of well cover near center of west side, open slot, altitude 

867.70 feet. Bench mark, at southeast corner of well, top of tee in galvanized-iron pipe, altitude 867.72 feet. Land-surface altitude 867.1 

feet.

Date

Aug. 18,

21

29

Sept. 4

12

20

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 19.36

21.04

17.84

17.37

15.48

14.26

Date

Sept. 26,

Oct. 2

10

16

28

31

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 13.43

14.13

16,97

17.92

19.35

19.84

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 11, 1933 19.89

Dec. 5 19.65

31 15.36

Jan. 4, 1934 16.04

Nov. 9, 1935 19.83

Dec. 7 26.92

0. K. Goodman, SE-^SWt sec. 26, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Domestic dug well, 

3.5 feet in diameter and 42 feet deep, dry rubble curbing to 8.5 feet. 

Measuring point, top of 2- by 4-inch timber at southeast corner of trap 

in well*cover, copper nail and washer in vertical face of timber below 

point, altitude 908.97 feet. Bench mark, about 175 feet south of well, 

in northwest angle of cross road, top of southwest wing wall of concrete 

weir box, painted square, altitude 910.59 feet. Land-surface altitude 

906.1 feet. Record largely by owner, from float gage. Depth to water, 

1935: Oct. 24, 42.72 feet; Oct. 28 to Dec. 31, 45.5+ feet (well dry).

W. J. Rand, SE^NEi sec. 28, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Irrigation dug well, 

4 feet square and 16 feet deep, dased with wood lagging to 12 feet. Measuring point from May 22, 1933, to Dec. 28, 1934, top of 1- by 6-inch wood 

curb, south aide of well near southwest corner, copper nail and washer, 

altitude 829.29 feet; measuring point beginning Oct. 23, 1935, top of 

4- by 4-inch pump support near southwest corner of well, vertically above 

copper nail with washer, altitude 829.66 feet. Bench mark, top of concrete foundation at southwest corner of house, altitude 829.36 feet. 

Land-surface altitude 829.1 feet.

May

June

July

Aug.

22, 1933

6

21

6

15

31

7

15

10.48

10.35

10.06

10.10

10.17

10.70

11.02

10.25

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

22, 1933

29

. 5

12

21

25

2

10

11.59

11.69

11.75

11.59

11.42

11.30

11.20

11.00

Oct.

Dec.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

16, 1933

31

5

28

23, 1935

7

5

11.04

10.83

10.88

11.22

11.58

11.28

10.98

Lottie M. McKnight, SWiSWi sec. 28, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Unused irrigation dug well, 7 feet square and 37 feet deep, concrete curbing to 16+ 

feet. Measuring point, top of concrete curb, north side of well, painted 

arrow, altitude 817.01 feet. Bench mark, 15 feet east and 30 feet north 

from well, top of concrete weir box at its east end, painted cross, altitude 817.96 feet. Land-surface altitude 817.0 feet.

Aug.

Sept

21, 1933

29

. 4

12

21

17

17

17

17

17

.11

.90

.97

.96

.36

Sept

Oct.

.25, 1933

3

9

16

30

16

16

15

12

11

.99

.03

.00

.96

.17

Dec.

Jan.

Oct.

Dec.

4,

28

3,

23,

5

1933

1934

1935

10.17

13.02

15.55

15.25

8.22

77056 O 36 11
158 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

John Patras, SW^SWir sec. 29, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Domestic well, dug 

6 feet square to 37 feet, drilled 37 to 100 feet, concrete curbing to 

16 feet. Measuring point, top of concrete curb, northwest corner of well, 

painted mark, altitude 758.18 feet. Bench mark, 20 feet northwest of 

well, top of uppermost concrete cellar step at its southeast corner, altitude 757.65 feet. Land-surface altitude 758.2 feet.

Date

Sept. 21,

25

Oct. 3

9

Depth

to water

(feet)

1933 19.28

20.28

19.26

18.32

Date

Oct. 16,

30

Dec. 5

28

Depth

to water

(feet)

1933 17.22

13.87

13.12

16.38

Date

Jan. 3,

Oct. 23,

Nov. 7

Dec. 5

Depth

to water

(feet)

1934 16.48

1935 19.76

18.97

15.10

Sam Glvens, lot 3, sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Domestic dug well, 5 

feet square and 30 feet deep, concrete curbing .to 10 feet. Measuring 

point, top of wood well cover, east side of well, painted arrow, altitude 

689.81 feet. Bench mark, top of wood well platform at its northwest corner, nail, altitude 687.48 feet. Land-surface altitude 687.2 feet.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

23, 1955

27

31

1

9

14

20

23

1

3

28.29

25.73

24.22

24.12

25.83

25.70

23.97

25.43

24.69

24.73

Dec. 4, 1933

9

11

16

18

20

23

26

28

30

24.66

26.16

25.70

24.75

24.90

25.00

25.38

25.11

24.72

23.02

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

2, 1934

3 *

7

9

13

23, 1935

7

5

22.36

22.20

22.25

21.94

21.83

28.93

28.92

27.87

Alpha Reese, HEjNWib sec. 34, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Irrigation" dug well, 

8 feet square and 54 feet deep, concrete curbing to 20 feet. Measuring 

point, top of concrete curb, north side of well, painted arrow, altitude 

882.15 feet. Land-surface altitude 881.6 feet. Record largely by owner, 

from float gage.

Nov. 8, 1933

14

17

19

21

23

26

28

30

Dec. 2

3

4

5

7

9

11

13

15

18

20

30.37

34.9

36.8

38.8

41.58

40.82

40.99

41.37

42.01

42.50

42.84

43.11

43.13

43.78

44.31

43.98

42.53

42.32

42.20

43.02

Dec. 22, 1933

25

27

28

29

31

Jan. 2, 1934

4

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Oct. 23, 1935

Hov. 7

20

22

42.39

42.01

42.71

43.26

43.04

44.16

44.12

44.21

44.77

44.95

45.13

46.34

46.50

47.29

47.50

47.71

31.26

43.08

40.07

40.05

Nov. 24, 1935

27

29

Dee. 1

3

5

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

26

30

40.79

41.37

41.68

42.05

42.67

43.80

43.60

44.15

44.76

45.10

45»36

45.65

45.93

46.28

46.74

46.90

47.34

47.64

Redfern, HE^SW^ sec. 36, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Unused dug well, 5 feet 

square and 40 feet deep, concrete curbing to 25 feet. Measuring point, 

top of concrete curb, west side of well at trap door, painted arrow, altitude 928.15 feet. Land-surface altitude 926.0 feet.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 159

Redfern well - Continued

Date

July 21,

22

24

31

Aug. 7

14

gl

g8

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1933 35.76

35.94

36.35

36.9g

36.42

37,07

38. g7

38.19

Date

Sept. 4,

11

go

g5

Oct. g

9

16

30

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

19S3 37.80

37.19

35.13

35.56

36.89

36.9S

57.63

39. 4g

Date

Nov. 24,

Dec. 4

19

25

2B

Jan. 4,

Oct. 24,

Nov. 9

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

19S3 37.48

37.88

gg.08

16.02

15.95

1934 14.82

1935 39.61

41.06

Walter Herman, SE-jNE-J sec. 36, T. 6 N., R. 35 E. Domestic dug well, 

4 feet square and 44 feet deep, concrete curbing to 18 feet. Measuring 

point, top of concrete curb, east side of well, painted arrow, altitude 

931.75 feet. Bench mark, top of concrete well cover, west side of well, 

painted cross, altitude 929,85 feet. Land-surface altitude 9g9.8 feet. 

Record largely by owner, from float gage.

Nov. 5, 1933

6

7

9

10

lg

14

15

16

17

18

20

21

25

26

28

Dec. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

21.28

20.99

20.57

19.93

19.73

19.73

20.10

20.69

21.10

21.58

22.27

23.89

24.51

26.96

27.62

28.77

30.36

30.82

31.26

31.64

31.95

32.21

32.45

32.52

32.50

32.15

Dec. 13, 1933

14

16

19

20

22

23

25

28

29

29

Jan. 1, 1934

4

5

8

9

10

12

13

15

18

Oct. 24, 1935

Nov. 9

12

13

14

29.47

28.87

27.56

24.83

24.49

23.74

23.30

21.55

18.92

18.06

17.94

15.61

14.19

13.94

13.43

13.32

13.25

13.33

13.35

13.37

13.45

28.06

31.82

32.18

32.36

32.62

Nov. 15, 1935

16

18

20

22

23

25

27

29

Dec. 2

4

6

7

9

12

13

14

16

18

20

23

26

28

31

32.80

33.04

33.45

34.04

34.41

34.64

35.14

35.57

35.93

36.43

36.58

36.64

36.81

37.11

37.68

37.50

37.36

37.28

37.26

37.18

36.95

36.78

37.16

37.48

John Clark, lot 3. sec. 1, T. 5 N., R. 35 E. Irrigation dug well, 

6 toy 8 feet and 37 feet deep, concrete curbing to 19 feet. Measuring 

point, top of wood girder of well cover, west side of well, marked by copper nail and washer, altitude 995.60 feet. Bench mark, top of concrete 

flume at east side of pump house, altitude 996.88 feet. Land-surface 

altitude 995.6 feet.

Sept

Oct.

. 4, 1933

11

20

25

2

28.

24.

gg.

g3.

g3.

82

59

84

58

57

Oct.

Dec.

9, 1933

16

30

4

29

24

24

21

24

14

.59

.38

.97

.05

.80

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4,

9

7

1934

1935

14.53

22.69

23.73

24.03

E. J. McSherry, lot 3, sec. 2, T. 5 N., R. 35'E. Irrigation dug 

well, 5 feet square and 23 feet deep, concrete curbing to 10 feet. M 

urlng point, top of plank pump support, painted arrow, altitude 975.82 

feet. Bench mark, south of well, In top of concrete post at northwest 

corner of yard, brass screw, altitude 978.56 feet.
160 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

E. J. McSherry well - Continued

Date

Sept. 11, 1933

20

25

Oct. 2

9

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

13.34

14.92

15.11

16.12

16.04

Date

Oct. 16, 1933

30

Dec. 4

28

Jan. 4, 1934

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

15.75

16.77

17.81

18.02

17.26

Date

Oct. 23,

Nov. 7

Dec. 5

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1935 15.93

17.26

18.13

J. M. Morse estate, SE-^NB^ sec. 3, T. 5 N., R. 35 E. Domestic dug 

well, 3.5 feet square, concrete curb around top. Measuring point from 

Oct. 30, 1933, to Jan. 4, 1934, top of concrete curb at center of south 

aide, altitude 959.02 feet; measuring point beginning Oct. 23, 1935, top 

of concrete curb 0.8 foot north of outside southeast corner, altitude 

959.05 feet. Bench mark, top of concrete curb, west side of irrigation 

well about 0.1 mile south, altitude 959.35 feet. Land-surface altitude 

958.2 feet.

Oct. 30, 1933

Dec. 4

30

25.10

31.92

31.98

Jan. 4, 1934

Oct. 23, 1935

Nov. 7

31.71

22.36

30.18

Dec. 5, 1935 30.34

Of the water-table wells listed above, 17 afford comparisons of 

ground-water levels in December 1933 and 1935. The changes range from a 

rise of 1.95 feet to a decline of 7.2 feet* the average 2-year decline 

was 1.58 feet.

Port Rock Valley. In September 1932 the ground-water levels were 

determined in two water-table wells and five deep wells in the Port Rock 

Valley of central Oregon. These wells range in depth from 25 to about 

350 feet. In November 1935 water levels were again determined In four 

of the deep wells; one of the water-table wells was dry and the other was 

not visited. Data for the four deep wells follow. In these four wells, 

the average water-level decline from 1932 to 1935 was 1.49 feet.

Harry Crampton, SW^NW^ sec. 15, T. 25 S., R. 14 E. Irrigation well, 

16 inches in diameter, depth unknown. Measuring point, top of 16- inch 

casing in pit, about 41.2 feet below land surface. Depth to water: 

Sept. 4, 1932, 4.35 feet; Nov. 27, 1935, 5.89 feet; decline, 1.54 feet.

H. W. Ostrom, NW^HEj sec. 22, T. 26 S., R. 15 E. Irrigation well, 

16 inches in diameter and 240 feet deep. Measuring point, top of pumpbase flange, at drilled hole, 0.3 foot above land surface. Depth to 

water: Sept. 4, 1932, 24.96 feet; Nov. 27, 1935, 26.59 feet; decline, 

1.63 feet.

H. M. Parks, SWiNEi sec. 4, T. 27 S., R. 15 E. Irrigation well, 

16 inches in diameter and about 250 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 

pump-base flange at drilled hole, 0.5 foot below land surface. Depth to 

water: Sept. 4, 1932, 38.21 feet; Nov. 27, 1935, 39.58 feet; decline, 

1.37 feet.

H. M. Parks, SW^NEi sec. 4, T. 27 S., R. 15 E. Stock well, 8 

inches in diameter and 100 feet deep. Measuring point, top of 8- inch 

casing, 0.7 foot above land surface and approximately level with measuring point of preceding well. Depth to water: Sept. 4, 1932, 40.32 feet| 

Nov. 18, 1935, 41.75 feet; decline, 1.43 feet.
PENNSYLVANIA

By Stanley W. Lohman

t

HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION

A systematic survey of the ground-water resources of the State of 

Pennsylvania was begun in 1925 by the United States Geological Survey 

in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey, 

under the general supervision of 0. E. Meinzer, geologist in charge of 

the division of ground water, United States Geological Survey. In that

year the thirteen counties and parts of two other counties of south1 

eastern Pennsylvania were studied by Hall, and in 1926 the six counties

2 

of southwestern Pennsylvania were studied by Piper, but no observation

wells were established in either area. No field work was done in 1927.

In 1928 and 1929 the twelve counties of northwestern Pennsylvania were

3 

studied by Leggette, who in December 1928 selected one dug well in

Sligo, Clarion County, for monthly observation by a local observer. 

This was the first observation well established in Pennsylvania by the 

United States Geological Survey or its cooperating agency, and monthly 

measurements to the nearest inch hav^ been continued on this well up to

the present time. In 1930 the twelve counties and parts of two other

4 

counties of northeastern Pennsylvania were studied by the writer, who

in July 1930 selected one unused dug well in Montrose, Susquehanna 

County, for monthly observation by a local observer. Since the fall of 

1931 this well has been measured weekly to the nearest 0.01 foot, and 

since August 1935 it has also been equipped with a 7-day automatic recorder.

Owing to the growing interest in ground-water levels occasioned 

by the drought of 1930, the areal ground-water survey in Pennsylvania

was temporarily set aside in 1931, and a cooperative State-wide obser5 

vation well program was begun. Through the help of J. W. Mangan, dis1 Hall, G. M., Ground water in southeastern Pennsylvania! Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. W2, 255 pp., 7 pis., 7 figs., 

1934.

2 Piper, A. M., Ground water in southwestern Pennsylvania: 

Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. Wl, 406 pp., 1 pi., 40 figs., 

1933.

3 Leggette, R. M., Ground water in northwestern Pennsylvania: 

Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. W3 (in press).

4 Lohman, S. W., Ground water in northeastern Pennsylvania: 

Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. W4 (in press).

5 Lohman, S. W., Investigations of the fluctuations of the groundwater table in Pennsylvania: Am. Geophys. Union Traits. 13th Ann. Meeting, pp. 373-375, 1932. 161
162 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAH PRESSURE, 1935

trict engineer of the United States Geological Survey at Harrisburg, it 

was planned to locate observation wells near stream-gaging stations so 

far as possible, so that well measurements could be made by the local 

stream observers in conjunction with their regular duties. Accordingly 

in the fall of 1931 all the 99 stream-gaging stations in the State were 

visited by the writer, and at 31 of the stations unused wells, mostly 

dug, were selected for observation. In addition six similar wells were 

measured by independent local observers, including the two wells started 

in 1928 and 1930, making 37 wells in all. Hine of the wells were equipped 

with Kinnison float gages, one was equipped with a 7-day automatic recorder and a float gage, and the rest were measured by the visible ripple

6 

method, using steel tapes with attached brass weights of known length,

all measurements being made to 0.01 foot. Well measurements by local 

stream gagers are recorded on the weekly gage-height cards and sent to 

the district engineer at Harrisburg, who transfers them and forwards 

them to Washington; those made by independent local observers are sent 

directly to Washington on franked post cards. Engineers from the district office have aided materially in making repairs at observation wells 

equipped with float gages.

In order to have some means of averaging the water levels in all 

wells each week, the arbitrary datum method was chosen, and the prater 

level in each well was assumed to be 10.00 feet above the datum on November 28, 1931, a date on which all the water levels stood about at 

their annual minimum.

Ho field work was done in 1932, but in 1933 the cooperative groundwater survey of the State was resumed, and in 1933 and 1934 the 14 coun8 

ties of south-central Pennsylvania were studied by the writer. In 1935

9 

the eight counties of north-central Pennsylvania were studied by the

writer, thus completing the areal ground-water survey of the State.

The use of several observation wells was unavoidably lost at different times, because their owners had filled in the wells or reclaimed 

them for use, and measurements on some wells were interrupted for brief 

periods because of breakdowns of equipment or carelessness of the local

6 Leggette, R. M., and others, Report of the committee on observation wells, U. S. Geological Survey a preliminary manual of methods 

(mimeographed), pp. 19, 20, U. S. Dept. Interior, May 1935.

7 Idem, pp. 56, 57.

8 Lohman, S. W., Ground water in south-central Pennsylvania (manuscript report filed at offices of the United States Geological Survey 

and the Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey).

9 Report in preparation.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 163

observers. A few new wells were added from time to time as opportunity

permitted, and many of the new wells are being measured by the wetted10 

tape method. Thus In 1931 one well was lost, In 1932 three wells were

lost and two wells were added, In 1933 one well was lost, in 1934 five 

wells were lost, and in 1935 four new wells were added and the automatic 

recorder was transferred from one well to another. Of the wells being 

measured at the end of 1935 1 had been measured each month continuously 

for 7 years, 1 had been measured continuously for 5j^ years (1-J years 

monthly and 4 years weekly), 27 had been measured each week fairly continuously for 4 years, and 4 had been measured each week continuously for 

3 to 4 months. Thirty-two wells in all were being observed during 1935,

1 measured monthly and 31 measured weekly, including 1 well equipped with 

an automatic recorder, and a total of 1,308 individual measurements were 

made during the year.

The distribution of the 32 observation wells measured during 1935

11 

among the principal ground-water provinces of the State is as follows8

2 are In the Piedmont province, 8 in the Blue Ridge-Appalachian Valley 

province, 3 In the Northeast Drift province, 8 in the North-Central 

Drift Paleozoic province, and 11 in the South-Central Paleozoic province. There are no wells in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, which 

covers only a very small part of the State. At the present time additional wells are needed In the Piedmont province and in the southwestern 

part of the South-Central Paleozoic province.

Three of the observation wells are 6-lnch drilled wells with iron 

casings, one is a bored well with 7-inch tile casing, and the rest are 

dug wells 3 to 4 feet in diameter. Most of the dug wells are curbed 

with stone, but several are lined with tile or concrete. They range in 

depth from 5 to 72 feet, but two-thirds of them are from 10 to 30 feet 

deep. Of the wells for which records of a year or more are available, 

the water-level fluctuations range from 2-j^ to 29 feet and average about 

8 feet. The maximum fluctuation is in a well 64 feet deep, and the minimum Is in a well only 13 feet deep.

All the wells are thought to be water-table wells, but several may 

tap bodies of perched water. Most of the wells are in areas unaffected 

by heavy artificial withdrawal except for two or three wells that are 

pumped for a few weeks during each year.

10 Leggette, R. M., and others, op. cit., pp. 17-19.

11 Meinzer, 0. E., The occurrence of ground water in the United 

States with a discussion of principles: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 489, pi. 31, 1923.
164 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The measuring point is, as a rule, a marked point on a sharp edge of 

the wood, stone, or concrete platform, or, for the drilled wells, the edge 

of the casing. Most of the measuring points are fairly substantial, but 

some are rather insecure and should be replaced. Some of the measuring 

points have been tied in to bench marks by instrumental leveling, and it 

is intended to set additional bench marks as soon as the opportunity and 

funds are available.

The weekly water levels for all wells, tabulated in feet above the 

arbitrary datum, are filed quarterly in the offices of the United States 

Geological Survey in Washington, of G» H. Ashley, State geologist, Harrisburg, and of J. W. Mangan, district engineer, United States Geological 

Survey, Harrisburg. In addition, one copy is sent to C. P. Merriam, 

Pennsylvania Water & Power Co., Baltimore, who, with H. W. Lowy, of the 

same company, has been studying the relation between ground-water levels 

in the Susquehanna Basin and ground-water run-off in the Susquehanna 

River in connection with the prediction of the minimum stream flow available for two large hydroelectric power plants. Other information sent to 

the above named offices includes weekly average water levels and descriptions of new observation wells. The average water levels for the first

12 

33 weeks were published in 1932, and described briefly in a mimeo13 

graphed statement releasing the data to the public.

14

Hydrographs of 8 wells in northwestern Pennsylvania and of 8

15 

wells in northeastern Pennsylvania are in process of publication, and

hydrographs of 12 wells in south-central Pennsylvania and 7 wells in 

north-central Pennsylvania will be published by the writer in subsequent 

reports.

WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS

The weekly average water levels in observation wells in Pennsylvania 

from November 28, 1931, to January 4, 1936, are given in the following 

table. Five of the wells being measured at the start of the program were 

omitted from the average. These include three that had to be abandoned

12 Lohman, S. W., Investigations of the fluctuations of the groundwater table in Pennsylvania: Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 13th Ann. Meeting, 

p. 374, 1932.

13 Lohman, S. W., Replenishment of ground water recorded by observation wells in Pennsylvania: Dept. Interior Press Mem. 62307. April 27, 

1932.

14 Leggette, R. M., Ground water in northwestern Pennsylvania: 

Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. W3 (in press).

15 Lohman, S. W., Ground water in northeastern Pennsylvania: 

Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. W4 (in press).
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 165

after only a few weeks' records were obtained, one that is so close to a 

large river that flood waters produce abnormally high ground-water levels, 

and one that is measured only once a month. In computing the arithmetic 

averages missing well measurements for individual wells for short periods 

were obtained by interpolation, and those for longer periods were dropped 

from and subsequently added to the average in such a way that the effect 

on the average was only 0.03 foot a week or less. This was accomplished 

by assuming that the water level in the particular well was equal to the 

average for all other wells on a particular day several weeks after 

measurements had ceased and on a particular day several weeks before 

measurements were resumed. Then the intermediate readings were supplied 

by interpolation. 

Weekly average water levels in observation wells in Pennsylvania

The water level in each well is expressed in feet above the 

arbitrary datum for that well. The weekly average water level 

given in this table is the average of the water levels thus expressed in all observation wells measured in that week.

Date

1931

Nov. 28

Dec. 5

12

19

26

1932

Jan. 2

9

16

23

30

Feb. 6

13

20

27

Mar. 5

12

19

26

Apr. 2

9

16

23

30

May 7

14

21

28

June 4

11

18

25

July 2

9

16

23

30

Number of 

wells

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

Water level 

(feet)

10.00

10.17

10.66

11.34

11.41

11.81

12.87

12.67

12.97

13.21

13.55

13.81

13.29

12.83

12.73

12.62

12.79

13.71

15.24

14.42

14.19

13.66

13.14

13.24

14.32

13.64

13.08

12.68

12.23

12.22

12.03

12.02

12.07

11.55

11.44

11.41

Date

1932

Aug. 6

13

20

27

Sept. 3

10

17

24

Oct. 1

8

15

22

29

Nov. 5

12

19

26

Dec. 3

10

17

24

31

1933

Jan. 7

14

21

28

Feb. 4

11

18

25

Mar. 4

11

18

25

Apr. 1

8

Number of 

wells

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

Water level 

(feet)

11.08

11.00

10.83

10.50

10.41

10.42

9.96

9.73

9.77

10.71

10.71

11.21

11.39

12.00

13.18

13.90

13.48

12.94

12.59

12.36

12.43

13.26

13.16

12.87

13.01

13.79

13.50

13.30

13.32

13.56

13.30

13.61

14.87

15.10

14.99

15.28
166 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Weekly average water levels in observation wells - Continued

Date

1933

Apr. 15

22

29

Hay 6

13

20

27

June 3

10

17

24

July 1

8

15

22

29

Aug. 5

12

19

26

Sept. 2

9

16

23

30

Oct. 7

14

21

28

Nov. 4

11

18

25

Dec. 2

9

16

23

30

1934

Jan. 6

13

20

27

Feb. 3

10

17

24

Mar. 3

10

17

24

31

Apr. 7

14

21

28

May 5

12

19

26

June 2

9

16

23

50

July 7

14

21

28

Aug. 4

11

18

25

Number of 

wells

30

30

30

30

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

30

30

30

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

30

30

30

30

30

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

28

28

28

28

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

Water level 

(feet)

15.29

15.21

14.39

14.13

14.60

14.38

14.14

13.94

13.94

13.33

12.80

12.47

12.69

12.27

11.80

11.69

11.54

11.53

11.69

13.11

12.97

12.83

13.34

12.99

12.67

12.26

11.77

11.82

11.91

11.76

12.08

12.27

12.22

12.17

12.16

12.31

12.82

13.24

14.07

14.40

13.81

13.66

13.44

12.83

12.48

12.47

12.43

12.66

12.58

12.81

13.94

14.18

14.62

14.45

13.78

13.66

13.20

12.88

12.61

12.30

12.10

11.94

12.22

11.91

11.68

11.43

11.01

11.00

10.99

11.03

11.15

11.16

Date

1934

Sept. 1

8

15

22

29

Oct. 6

13

20

27

Nov. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

29

1935

Jan. 5

12

19

26

Feb. '2

9

16

23

Mar. 2

9

16

23

30

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

18

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

July 6

13

20

27

Aug. 3

10

17

24

31

Sept. 7

14

21

28

Oct. 5

12

19

26

Nov. 2

9

16

23

30

Dec. 7

14

21

28

1936

Jan. 4

Number of 

wells

27

27

27

27

26

26

26

26

26

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

23

23

23

23

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

25

25

25

25

25

26

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

27

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

Water level 

(feet)

10.82

10.86

11.12

11.77

12.04

12.40

12.28

11.84

11.60

11.75

12.15

12.11

12.39

13.18

13.22

12.96

12.86

13.11

13.06

13.74

13.68

13.72

13.31

13.07

13. 58

13.74

14.29

14.64

14.99

15.04

14.64

14.25

14.82

14.41

14.09

14.03

14.71

14.16

13.54

13.34

12.67

12.35

12.66

12.39

12.16

12.80

12.37

12.87

12.62

12.52

12.29

11.98

11.52

11.58

11.28

11.03

10.74

10.60

10.49

10.17

10.05

10.66

10.76

11.74

11.77

12.03

11.85

12.88

13.53

13.04

13.40
WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAU PRESSURE, 1935 167

As shown in the above table, the average of the ground-water levels 

in all the observation welia In the State was practically the same at the 

beginning and at the end of the year 1935. Prom December 29, 1934, to 

December 28, 1935, there was a net decline of only 0.07 foot, but from 

January 5, 1935, to January 4, 1936, there was a net gain of 0.34 foot. 

By comparison, there was a net decline of 0.13 foot during 1934, a net 

decline of 0.02 foot during 1933, and a net gain of 1.85 feet during 1932. 

Thus the only appreciable net yearly change occurred in 1932, and this was 

due In part to the uneven monthly distribution of precipitation for that 

year. The precipitation over the State was only 2 Inches below normal 

in 1935 but was more than 3 Inches below normal in 1932 and 1934 and was 

3 Inches above normal in 1933, Moreover, the monthly distribution of 

precipitation In 1935 «as more nearly normal than In any of the other 

three years,. The average water levels for 1935 are also probably more 

nearly normal than those of any of Khs other years.

In 1955 the total range of fluctuation in the average weekly water 

levels was 5 feet, from the highest average stage of 15,04 feet on March 

23 to the lowest of 10.05 feet on October 26. The range for other years 

was from 3.76 feet in 1933 to 5.51 feet In 1932, in which the highest 

water levels occurred In April and the lowest in August or September. In 

1935 the water levels reached the lowest weekly average since 1932. The 

summer declines In 1933 and 1934 were arrested sharply by abnormally 

heavy tropical rainstorms In August and September 1933 and in September 

1934, and therefore the lowest levels reached In those years were 2 and 

3 feet above those for 1932 and 1935. In July 1935 the precipitation was 

1 Inch above normal, and the June water levels were thus maintained 

through July, but the water levels declined steadily during August, September, and October. Winter recharge In 1935 began late in October, and, 

with above-normal precipitation in November, the water levels rose steadily throughout the remainder of the year. In former years winter recharge 

had begun as early as October 1 and as late as December 5.

The observation well which has the longest record and which is 

also typically representative of water-table conditions in an area unaffected by pumping is the one established July 15, 1930, at Montrose. 

It is an unused dug well, 38.2 feet deep below the ground surface, 

near a hilltop on the Carlton Farm just within the northern boundary 

of the borough and 0.35 mile east of the northwest corner of the 

borough. It is curbed with loose stones and has a substantial concrete top. The well is thought to be entirely in Wisconsin glacial 

drift. The measuring point is the top edge of a 5-inch hole cut into 

a 2- by 12-inch plank in the floor of the recorder shelter and is
168 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

1.09 feet above the top of the concrete platform, which is at ground 

level. All measurements were made by P. P. Chamberlain, superintendent 

of the farm. Measurements were made monthly to the nearest inch from 

July 15, 1930, to November 8, 1931, and weekly to the nearest 0.01 foot 

by the visible-ripple method from November 14, 1931, to August 3, 1935. 

Since August 10, 1935, the well has been equipped with a 7-day automatic 

recorder, and as a check weekly measurements have been made to the 

nearest 0.01 foot by the wetted-tape method. All measurements listed 

in the table below are in feet above the arbitrary datum, which is 20.19 

feet below the measuring point; therefore the water levels may be compared with those in the first table for similar dates.

The lowest water level recorded in this well was 9.77 feet above 

the arbitrary datum on December 5, 1931, and the highest was 16.65 feet 

on November 19, 1932. Normally the highest water levels in this well 

occur in April, and the lowest in the fall. The complete records of 

water levels in this well up to January 4, 1936, are given in the following table:

Water levels in the observation well at Montrose, Susquehanna 

County, Pa., in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1930

July 15

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

Dec. 1

1931

Jan. 1

Feb. 1

Mar. 2

Apr. 1

May 1

June 11

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 1

Nov. 1

8

14

21

28

Dec. 5

12

19

26

1932

Jan. 2

9

16

23

30

Water level 

(feet)

13.2

11.9

10.8

11.9

10.8

10.3

10.5

10.4

12.3

16.0

14.1

14.8

12.9

14.9

11.7

10.9

10.3

10.22

10.14

10.05

10.00

9.97

10.20

10.38

10.60

10.80

15.10

14.99

16.38

16.30

Date

1932

Feb. 13

20

27

Mar. 12

19

26

Apr. 2

9

16

23

30

May 7

14

21

28

June 4

11

18

25

July 2

9

16

23

30

Aug. 6

13

20

27

Sept. 3

10

17

24

Water level 

(feet)

16.50

15.25

14.22

13.20

12.85

12.90

16.02

15.84

15.8

14.75

14.00

16.47

15.76

14.65

13.10

12.47

11.85

11.65

11.30

11.65

11.95

11.95

11.88

11.62

11.40

11.17

11.18

11.05

10.92

10.69

10.30

10.42

Date

1932

Oct. 1

8

15

22

29

Nov. 5

12

19

26

Dec. 3

10

24

31

1933

Jan. 7

14

21

28

Feb. 4

11

18

25

Mar. 4

11

18

25

Apr. 1

8

15

22

29

May 6

Water level 

(feet)

10.28

13.66

13.07

13.01

12.82

14.49

16.03

16.65

15.10

14.70

13.84

12.36

13.24

13.60

13.25

13.14

14.32

13.80

12.75

12.70

12.50

12.35

14.44

14.77

15.94

15.66

16.10

16.13

15.62

14.65

14.00
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 169 

Water levels in the observation well at Montrose - Continued

Date

1933

May 13

20

June 3

10

17

24

July 1

8

15

22

29

Aug. 5

12

19

26

Sept. 2

9

16

23

30

Oct. 7

14

21

28

Nov. 4

11

18

25

Dec. 4

9

16

23

30

1934

Jan. 6

13

20

27

Feb. 3

10

17

24

Mar. 3

10

17

24

31

Water level 

(feet)

13.84

13.70

13.94

14.20

13.45

12.22

11.74

11.75

11.50

11.29

11.03

10.99

11.11

11.39

16.24

15.13

15.71

16.44

15.11

14.19

13.39

11.87

11.48

11.79

13.04

12.07

12.26

13.25

12.99

13.01

12.73

13.32

14.19

14.01

13.62

12.00

12.30

11.97

11.64

11.14

10.87

11.40

13.20

12.72

11.89

14.43

Date

1934

Apr. 7

14

21

28

May 5

12

19

26

June 2

9

16

23

30

July 7

14

21

28

Aug. 4

11

18

25

Sept. 1

8

15

22

29

Oct. 6

13

20

27

Nov. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

1935

Jan. 5

19

26

Feb. 2

9

16

23

Mar. 2

Water level 

(feet)

14.04

15.34

14.80

14.21

13.09

12.34

11.78

11.41

11.05

10.89

10.72

11.40

10.84

10.94

10.89

10.84

10.90

10.88

11.15

11.12

10.97

10.84

10.90

11.13

13.32

13.68

15.31

14.93

13.71

12.98

12.42

13.23

13.31

14.24

17.49

15.5

13.9

12.79

12.09

12.79

12.68

12.00

10.90

12.26

12.89

12.60

Date

1935

Mar. 9

16

23

30

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

July 6

13

20

27

Aug. 3

10

17

24

31

Sept. 7

14

21

28

Oct. 5

12

19

26

Nov. 2

9

16

23

30

Dec. 7

14

21

28

1936

Jan. 4

Water level 

(feet)

16.21

15.22

15.03

13.80

13.90

16.37

14.30

14.48

13.95

14.80

12.72

11.63

11.31

11.13

10.94

10.91

10.85

11.05

11.29

11.29

11.21

11.12

11.04

10.99

10.89

10.72

10.65

10.57

10.47

10.39

10.29

10.19

10.09

10.12

10.19

12.72

14.99

16.29

15.60

15.33

15.86

15.07

14.75
SOUTH CAROLINA 

TIGER RIVER AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started in the Tiger River area, 

in Spartanburg and Greenville Counties, S. C., in July 1934, by the 

Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service, as 

part of a national soil-conservation program. A total of 28 wells have 

been measured in this area, 9 along the North Fork of the Tiger River 

and 19 along the South Fork. Measurements have been discontinued on 4 

wells in the South Tiger area.

The 9 wells in the North Tiger area are all dug wellsj 1 and 3 are 

cased with rock, 2 and 8 with tile, and 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 are uncased. 

In the South Tiger area wella 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are dug, 

wells 1 and 7 are drilled, and wells 2, 3, and 4 are bored. Wella 6, 

8, and 14 are cased with tile or brick, but the other dug wells are uncasedj well 1 is cased with iron casing, and well 7 with tilej the 

bored wells are all cased with tile. The wells range in depth from 15 

to 65 feet. They penetrate deeply weathered rocks of the Piedmont 

Plateau, chiefly metamorphic. They are essentially water-table wella 

and are not affected by heavy withdrawals. The depth to water level 

in the different wells ranges from about 15 to 65 feet. The measuring 

point for each well is a keel mark either on the inatrument table over 

the well or on a cross-bar over the center of the well. The altitude 

of each measuring point has been instrumentally tied in with bench marks.

The measurementa of depth to water level have been made weekly by 

members of either the Geological Survey or the Soil Conservation Service. 

A total of 2,100 measurements were made on the 24 wella from the beginning 

of the program to January 1, 1936, of which 1,250 were made during the 

year 1935 an average for the year of 52 measurementa to the well. Only 

the recorda of measurements that were made nearest to the first of each 

month are given in this report. The method of expressing the results of 

the meaaurementa ia explained in the iritroduction. A water-atage recorder 

has been in operation on well 3, in the South Tiger area, aince the beginning of the program. Pour other automatic recordera have been in uae 

at times, but only two of them are in uae at present. They have been 

shifted from well to well in order to get continuous recorda for ahort

periods on all the wella. 

170
WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 171

The average fluctuations of the water levels In the North and South^ 

Tiger areas are practically the same in amplitude and essentially synchronous in phase, but the fluctuations in some of the individual veils, 

especially in the South Tiger area, deviated widely from the averages* 

Thus the times of the highest and lowest stages in some of the wells 

varied as much as several months from the highest and lowest averages. 

On the average, the water levels rose from the beginning of June 1934, 

when the first measurements were made, until about the later part of July 

and then declined until the following January. They rose, on the average, 

from January 1935 until July, when the highest average stage of the year 

was reached about 1.6 feet higher than at the beginning of the year. 

They declined from July to about the middle of December. Very few measurements were made during the latter part of December or the first part 

of January 1936, but those that were made indicate a slight average rise.

Wells in the Tiger River area, in Spartanburg 

and Greenville Counties. 3. 0.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

Owner and location Depth Diameter 

(feet) (inches)

Depth

to

water 

level 

(feet)

Height

of

measuring 

point 

(feet)

North Tiger area

1 B. L. Bane, 1 mile S. 5° E.

of Walnut Grove 32

2 John Wingo, 2f miles S.

84° E. of Switzer 40

3 J. L. Poster, 1/2 mile S.

45° E. of Roebuck 56

4 W. G. Sloan, 2-J miles S.

67° E. of Duncan 41

5 A. B. Grouse, 1/2 mile N.

80° E. of Duncan 31

6 E. E. Brown, If miles S.,

10° W. of Pairforest 30

7 C. P. Cleveland, 6 miles N.

10° W. of Duncan 44

8 A. B. XJrouse, 5f miles N. 40°

W. of Duncan 42

9 W. C. Suddeth, 8 miles N. 5°

W. of Duncan 29

South Tiger area

1 C. 0. Fowler, 4 3/4 miles

N. 56° E. of Woodruff 65+

2 C. 0. Fowler, 2f miles

N. 73° E. of Woodruff 35.5

3 C. D. Turner, 1/4 mile

S. 45° E. of Switzer ......

4 Walter Cox, 1/8 mile

N. 30° W. of Switzer ......

6

1.5

?>

6

5

5

5

5

6

29.22

S6.77

51.68

39.63

27.76

27.55

41*05

40.40

27.18

39.22

46.77

61.68

49.63

37.76

37.55

51.05

50.40

37.18

14

14

12

64.90

33.65

32.18

39.39

74.90

43.65

42.18

49.39
172 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Wells In the Tiger River area - Continued

Well Owner and location 

no.

Depth Height 

to of 

Depth Diameter water measuring 

(feet) (inches) level point 

(feet) (feet)

South Tiger area Continued

6 J. D. Darby, 3-g miles S. 

25° E. of Reidville 51 60 47.42 57.42 

7 T. 0. Fowler, 2 3/4 miles 

S. 21° E. of Reidville 15 6 15.25 25.25 

8 C. S. Vaughn, 3f miles 

N. 82° E. of Reidville 37 60 35.47 45.47 

9 Mrs. Ila L. Wilson, 1 mile 

N. 26° W. of Reidville 29 60 30.68 40.68 

10 J. E. Raven, 1 3/4 miles 

S. 45° E. of Duncan 27 60 26.68 36.68 

11 J. 0. Forest, 3 miles S. 

20° W . of Duncan 32 60 26.75 36.75 

12 J. G. R. Armstrong, 2 miles 

N. 50° W. of Duncan 37 60 35.79 45.79 

14 R. B. Taylor, 2 miles 

N. 71° W. of Greer 31 72 25.46 35.46 

15 A. W. Neves, 6 miles 

N. 46° W. of Greer 57 48 55.64 65.64 

16 J. T. Bridwell, 7i miles 

N. 60° W. of Greer 53 54 45.29 55.29

Water levels in wells in the Tiger River area, in Spartanburg

and Greenville Counties. S. C., in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date 1 2 3 4 5 6

^934 North Tiger area

June 1-12

July 2-9

30

Sept. 3-5

Oct. 1-4

29

Dec. 3

31

1935

Jan. 28

Mar. 4

Apr. 1

29

June 3

July 1

29

Serot. 2

30

Nov. 4

Dec. 2

1936

Jan. 6

Date

1934

June 1-12

July 2-9

30

Sept. 3-5

Oct. 1-4

29

Dec. 3

31

10.00

11.27

11.65

11.22

10.70

10.70

10.34

9.93

10.38

11.13

11.81

12.60

13.00

13.16

12.79

12.03

11.55

11.00

10.41

10.05

7

9.22

10.09

10.88

11.09

10.77

10.53

10.22

10.01

10.83

11.15

11.20

10.89

10.66

10.21

10.00

10.13

10.58

11.09

11.56

11.89

11.93

11.69

11.20

10.80

10.31

9.87

f

.....

8

10.19

10.58

10.99

11.19

11.02

10.74

10.32

10.01

9.86

10.04

10.24

10.49

10.54

10.51

10.30

10.08

9.45

9.92

10.06

10.23

10.47

10.68

10.86

10.93

10.95

10.83

10.63

11.12

9

11.00

11.68

11.75

11.35

10.82

10.53

10.06

.....

10.57 11.10

11.39 11.94

11.76 12.32

11.57 11.76

10.94 11.11

10.51 10.66

10.30 10.30

10.01 10.01

9.76 9.85

10.17 10.35

10.98 10.94

11.79 11.40

12.56 11.70

12.96 11.61

13.01 11.30

12.54 11.02

12.12 10.82

11.48 10.41

10.82 9.94

..... 10.13

Average

10.37

11.01

11.29

11.12

10.76

10.53

10.24

10.01

11.02

11.32

10.89

10.25

10.12

9.97

10.10

10.04

10.25

10.56

10.60

10.49

10.54

10.18

10.02

9.99

10.09

9.96

9.91

.....
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 173 

Water levels In wells In the Tiger River area - Continued

Date 7 8 9 Average

North Tiger area - Continued

1935 

Jan. 2 

Mar. 

Apr. 

2 

June 

July 

2 

Sept. 

3 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1936 

Jan.

Date

1934 

June 1-12 

July 2-9 

30 

Sept. 3-5 

Oct. 1-4 

29 

Dec. 3 

31 

1935 

Jan. 7 

28 

Mar. 4 

Apr. 1 

29 

May 27 

July 1 

29 

Sept. 2 

30 

Nov. 4 

Dec. 2 

1936 

Jan. 6

Date

1934 

June 1-12 

July 2-9 

30 

Sept. 3-5 

Oct. 1-4 

29 

Dec. 3 

31 

1935 

Jan. 7 

28 

Mar. 4 

Apr. 1 

29 

May 27 

July 1 

29 

Sept. 2 

30 

Nov. 4 

Dec. 2

:8 9.92 9.84 ..... 

4 10.24 10.04 10.87 

1 10.60 10.33 11.20 

19 10.82 10.59 11.42 

3 11.03 10.89 11.60 

1 11.15 11.06 11.71 

:9 10.95 11,12 11.61 

2 10.80 11.09 11.57 

0 10.61 11.04 11,30 

4 10.15 10.71 10.75 

2 9.57 10.46 10.56

6 .r--- ----- -----

1

10.69 

10.39 

10.22

10.07 

10.05

10.00 

9'. 9 5 

9.90 

9.93 

10.05 

10.24 

10.58 

10.82 

11.04 

11.13 

11.20 

11.14

11.13

10

12.32 

12.63 

12.36 

11.50 

10.90 

10.61 

10.33 

10.00

9.98 

9.99 

10.60 

11.26 

11.57 

11.72 

11.49 

11.14 

10.80 

10.61 

10.13 

9.92

2

9.30 

9.69 

10.56 

10.92 

10.81 

10.62 

10.19

10.01 

10.07 

10.83 

11.79 

12.73 

13.24 

13.44 

13.33 

12.86 

12.48 

11.80 

11.35

11.58

11

12.27 

13.15 

13.15 

12.12 

11.12

10^02

9.90 

9.76 

10.37 

11.24 

11.77 

12.28 

12.63 

12.22 

11.31 

10.95 

10.17 

9.46

3

South

11,00 

11.43 

10.71 

10.93 

10.49 

10.48 

11.12 

10.06

10.30 

10.70 

11.31 

11.76 

12.19 

12.27 

11.97 

11.62 

11.17 

10.9t> 

10.42 

10.03

11.73

12

10.87 

11.55 

11.65 

11.39 

11.14 

10.73 

10.24 

10.01

9.97 

9.83 

9.85 

10.24 

10.95 

11.37 

11.38 

11.35 

11.17 

10.98 

10.71 

10,41

4

Tiger ar<

11.54 

9.86 

10.34 

10.80 

10.79 

10.62 

10.23

9.94 

9.74 

9.90 

10.39 

10.71 

11.05 

11.44 

11.61 

11.56 

11.35 

11.94 

10.54

14

11.39 

12.21 

11.81 

10.60 

10.21 

9.42 

9.75

l6|34 

11.20 

11.70 

11.99 

12.03 

11.45 

10.64 

10.81 

11.35 10:15

9.74

9.95 

10.42 

10.84 

11.22 

11.41 

11.60 

11.48 

11.24 

11.03 

10.63 

10.24

6

»a_

9.82 

10.21 

10.66 

10.92

10.55 

10.26 

10.01

9.95 

9.89 

10.21 

10.67 

11.04 

11.23 

11.44 

11.27 

11.12 

10.88 

10.57 

10.21

9.96

15

9.25 

9.52 

9.98 

10.64 

10.82 

10.84 

10.41 

10.02

9.98 

9.59 

9.14 

8.91 

8.77 

8.78 

9.19 

9.50 

9.70 

9.78 

9.82 

9.80

7

13.45 

13.13 

11.73 

10.35 

9.51 

10.20 

9.53 

10.00

11.22 

12.39 

13.84 

14.31 

15.05 

14.36 

12.89 

12.05 

11.45 

10.69 

9.33 

9.08

16

9.40 

11.04 

12.79 

13.57 

12.99 

12.15 

10.95 

10.09

8^79 

8.85 

9.48 

10.14 

10.75 

10,87 

10.75 

10.94 

11.03 

10.63

8

10.00 

10.56 

10.94 

11.10 

10.89 

10.57 

10.09

.....

9.63 

10.05 

10.51 

10.90 

10.40 

11.55 

11.40 

11.15 

10.84 

10.44

10.30

Average

11.10 

11.44 

11.53 

11.37 

10.95 

10.60 

10.29 

10.02

10.11 

10.12 

10.47 

10.92 

11.36 

11.58 

11.52 

11.39 

11.13 

10.96 

10.56 

10.21

9

14.15 

14.78 

14.54 

12.96 

11.74 

10.95 

10.35 

10.01

9.98 

10.04 

11.02 

11.80 

12.32 

12.58 

12.28 

11.55 

10.75 

10.33 

9.83

77056 O 36 12
TEXAS

STATE-WIDE PROJECT 

By W. N. White and A. N. Sayre

Detailed investigations of ground-water conditions in certain areas 

in Texas were begun in 1929 as a State-wide project by the United States 

Geological Survey in cooperation with the Texas State Board of Water 

Engineers and the Engineering Experiment Station of the Agricultural and 

Mechanical College of Texas. Additional investigations have since been 

started in other areas, and at the present time all or parts of about 30 

counties have been covered. In nearly all the areas investigated a serious problem of ground-water supply exists owing to lowering of the water 

levels by heavy withdrawals for municipal use or irrigation. Consequently 

the investigations have dealt especially with the quantity of available 

ground water and the beat methods of utilizing and conserving these supplies for beneficial use. Periodic measurements of water levels in selected wells have been made in 21 of these counties. The areas in which 

these measurements have been made, the principal investigators in each 

area, the date on which the investigation was begun, and the approximate 

number of observation wells are as follows:

Winter Garden area: Dimmit and Zavala Counties, including parts of 

La Salle and Maverick Counties, by W. N. White, T. W. Robinson, S. P. 

Turner, and Penn Livingston; begun in 1929; includes about 100 observation wells.

Houston area: Harris County and parts of Galveston, Port Bend, 

Brazoria, Waller, Grimes, and Montgomery Counties, by Penn Livingston, 

S. P. Turner, and W. N. White; begun in 1930; includes about 90 observation wells.

South Texas area: Duval County, by A. N. Sayre; begun in 1931; 

includes 47 observation wells. Webb County, by J. T. Lonsdale and J. R. 

Day; begun in 1932. Brooks County, by S. P. Turner and J. C. Cumley, 

begun in 1932; includes 15 observation wells. Kleberg County, by Penn 

Livingston and T. W. Bridges; begun in 1932; includes 40 observation 

wells. Jim Wells and Jim Hogg Counties, by S. P. Turner, J. C. Cumley, 

and W. A. Lynch; begun in 1933.

San Antonio area: Bexar County and parts of Carnal County, by Penn 

Livingston and A. N. Sayre; begun in 1932; includes 38 observation wells. 

Uvalde and Medina Counties, by A. N. Sayre; begun in 1929; includes 32 

observation wells.

The principal water-bearing formations in all these areas are sandstones or limestones that dip from their outcrops toward the Gulf of 

Mexico at. a rate somewhat greater than the slope of the surface, and consequently the water in them is under artesian pressure except in the outcrop areas. Some of the wells have artesian flow. The water is under 

174
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAH PRESSURE, 1955 176

water-table conditions in the outcrop areas of these formations and also in 

the areas of stream and terrace gravel, which in some places yield considerable quantities of water.

Many of the wells that recover water from the stream and terrace 

gravel are dug wells that range in depth from a few feet to a hundred feet 

or more and in diameter from 5 to 6 feet, whereas most of the wells that 

penetrate the deeper formations are drilled and range in depth from about 

50 to about 2,000 feet and in diameter from 3 to 24 inches.

In most wells the point from which the measurements are taken is 

either the top of the casing or the top of the drop-pipe clamp, but in 

the wells pumped by power the measurements are usually made from the pump 

base. The altitudes above sea level of the measuring points of wells in 

the Houston, San Antonio, and Winter Garden areas and in Kleberg County 

have been determined by -leveling and are given in the tables.

Water levels were measured monthly for the first year or two after 

each investigation was begun. With the data thus obtained the periods 

of the year in which the measurements appeared to be the most significant 

were selected, and thereafter measurements were made during these periods, 

two or three measurements being made on each well each year. Automatic 

water-stage recorders were installed over one or more wells in each area 

and maintained for a sufficient time to indicate the characteristics of 

the fluctuations in water level. Prom three to six recorders have been 

in use since 1929.

The periodic measurements of water levels in observation wells are 

being continued, but most of the detailed work of the investigations 

listed above has been completed, and detailed reports on them have been 

or are being prepared for publication. The following reports contain 

information relative to water-level fluctuations in areas that have been 

investigated in the State-wide project begun in 1929s

White, W. N., and others, Survey of the underground waters of Texas: 

U. S. Dept. Interior mimeographed memorandum, Feb. 16, 1931. '

White, W-. N., Livingston, Perm, and Turner, S. P., Ground-water resources of the Houston-Galveston area, Texas: U. S. Dept. Interior 

mimeographed memorandum, Oct. 17, 1932.

White, W. N., and Livingston, Penn, Ground-water resources of the 

Houston district: U. S. Dept. Interior mimeographed memorandum, Dec. 29, 

1933.

Piedler, A. G., Artesian water in Scaaerville County, Tex.: IT. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 660, 1934.

White, W. N., Turner, S. P., and Lynch, W. A., Ground-water in 

Dlmmlt and Zavala Counties, Tex.: U. S. Dept. Interior mimeographed 

memorandum, Apr. 11, 1934.
176 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

White, W. N., Summary report on the survey of the underground waters 

of Texas: U. S. Dept. Interior mimeographed memorandum, March 1935.

Lonsdale, J. T., Geology and ground-water resources of Atascosa and 

Frio Counties, Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 676, 1935.

Sayre, A. N., Geology and ground-water resources of Uvalde and Medina 

Counties, Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 678 (in press).

Livingston, Perm, Sayre, A. N., and White, W. N., Ground-water resources of the San Antonio area, Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 773-B (in press).

Livingston, Perm, and Bridges, T. W., Ground-water resources of 

Kleberg County, Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 773-D (in 

press).

Sayre, A. N., Geology and ground-water resources of Duval County, 

Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 776 (in press).

A reconnaissance was made by C. V. Theis, H. P. Burleighy and H. A. 

Waite, in 1933 and 1934, of the ground-water conditions in the southern 

part of the High Plains, an area of about 70,000 square miles extending 

from the Smoky Hill River, in Kansas, southward through parts of Kansas, 

Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. This work, which was accomplished by means of an allotment of funds by the Public Works Administration, resulted in a map showing the approximate depths to the water 

table throughout the area, but it did not include any program of periodic measurements of water levels. A mimeographed memorandum giving the 

principal results of the investigation and including a small-scale hydrologic map was issued October 30, 1935.

In general records of wells and water levels are released for public inspection as soon as practicable and may be consulted in the office of the United States Geological Survey in Washington, D, C», or 

in the office of the Texas Board of Water Engineers in Austin, Tex. 

Records of water levels in observation wells in Bexar, Brooks, Dlmmit, 

Duval, Galveston, Harris, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Maverick, and Zavala 

Counties, most of which have not previously been published, are given 

below.

Bexar County

The Edwards limestone is the principal water-bearing formation 

in Bexar County and supplies all the wells listed in the following 

table except 5 and 6, which are supplied by the Glen Rose limestone, 

and 35, which is supplied by the Austin chalk. Most of the discharge 

occurs in the vicinity of San Antonio, where flowing wells, springs, 

and pumped wells have yielded for the last 20 years an average of 

over 100,000,000 gallons of water a day.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 177

Miscellaneous water-level measurements were made by the San Antonio 

Water Works Co. in standpipes at the waterworks plant on Market Street 

from 1893 to 1900. Since 1911 the City Water Department has kept daily 

records of the artesian pressure at the Brackenridge pumping plant. In 

1932 the United States Geological Survey and the State Board of Water 

Engineers began measuring the water levels in 38 wells in the area and 

maintained a water-stage recorder on another well. The measurements show 

that the artesian pressure fluctuates within rather wide limits, but there 

is no evidence of any marked rising or declining trend. During the greater 

part of the period since the Geological Survey and State Board of Water 

Engineers began making measurements the water levels have declined, but 

between the measurements of April and June 1935 a general rise occurred, 

and the June measurements showed the water levels to be higher than at 

any other time since the beginning of the investigation. The significance 

of these fluctuations is discussed in Water-Supply Paper 773-B, which is 

now in press. The records are given in the following table:

Water levels in wells in Bexar County 

(Water levels given in feet above mean sea level)

1. Mrs. Kate Benke, 

Culebra Road near 

Medina-Bexar County 

line. Diameter 6 

in. Depth 1,010 ft 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

0.5 ft. above land 

surface. Altitude 

1,044.64 ft.

Water level 

Date (feet)

Sept .22, 1933 757.24 

May 23,1934 757.43 

June 21 751.99 

July 31 764.55 

Aug. 24 747.68 

Sept. 21 743.93 

Oct. 10 742.09 

Dec. 21 740.87 

Feb. 3,1935 735.12 

Feb. 4 735.08 

Apr. 9 734.38 

May 21 789.37 

June 28 825.12 

Aug. 2 804.54 

Sept. 27 807.99

2. Ed Bacon, Bacon 

ranch, south side 

of Camp Bullis. 

Depth 320 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1.0 

ft. above land surface. Altitude 

1,004.92 ft.

2. - Continued 3. - Continued

_, . Water level _ . Water level 

Date (feet) Date (feet)

*Dec. 22,1933 715.84 Oct. 13,1934 706.81 

Mar. 2,1934 715.42 Nov. 20 704.96 

Oct. 12 , 712.24 Dec. 19 703.14 

Mar. 1,1935 712.64 Feb. 2,1935 702.51 

28 702.92

Apr. 10 702.10 

3. Ben Bierlng, Bandera June 28 738.94 

Road, 2 miles south- Sept.29 752.49 

east of Helotes. Diameter 5 inches. 

Depth 210 ft. Meas- 4. Theo. Biering, l£ 

uring point, top of miles south of 

casing, 1.0 ft. Helotes. Diameter 

above land surface. 8 in. Depth 344 ft. 

Altitude 969.04 ft. Measuring point, top 

of pipe clamp. Altitude 987.74 ft. 

Oct. 18.1932 723.1

Nov. 18 722.39 

Jan. 15,1933 721.09 Oct. 18,1932 725 

Apr. 9 721.23 Nov. 18 724.74 

July 18 715.67 Jan. 15,1933 722.7 

Sept. 18 712.25 Apr. 9 723.5 

Oct. 17 711.06 July 18 718.32 

Nov. 20 709.72 Aug. 17 716.5 

Dec. 18 708.38 Sept. 18 714.81 

Jan. 19,1934 707.47 Oct. 17 713.45 

Feb. 19 708.08 Nov. 20 712.12 

Mar. 19 709.48 Dec. 18 710.70 

Apr. 18 712.29 Jan. 19,1934 709.92 

May 21 714.89 Feb. 19 710.16 

June 19 712.99 Apr. 18 713.74 

July 30 711.16 May 21 716.23 

Aug. 22 710.02 June 19 715.18 

Sept. 19 708.03 July 30 713.89
178 WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

4. - Continued 7. - Continued 8. - Continued

.,. . Water level D**6 (feet)

Sept. 19, 1934 710.79

Oct. 13 709.42

Nov. 20 707.50

Dec. 19 705.61 

Feb. 2,1935 704.96

May 20 708.81

Antonio. Diameter

5 in. Measuring

point, top of

pipe clamp. Altitude 876.57 ft.

-. Water level Date (feet)

July 21,1932 685.3

Oct. 18 690.7

Nov. 18 689.86

. T ^ ,-, TT , x. APr - »,1933 689.6 

5. A. L. Fuller, Helotes. j^y 18 ' 685.40 

Diameter 6 in. Depth-Aug. 17 685.06 

450 ft. Measuring Sept. 18 684.92 

point, top of pipe Oct> 17 684.34 

clamp, 1.0 ft. above Hov> 20 683.92 

land surface. Al- j^c. 18 683.54 

titude 1,043.81 ft. Jan> 19,1934 683.92

T?^K Id RQA 1^1.

Sept. 27, 1933 881.09 

Jan. 19,1934 872.41 

Feb. 19 879.04 

Mar. 1 876.16

Apr. 18 875 I 41 

May 21 875.8 

June 19 850 

July 30 877.49

Oct. 12 873.95

Dec. 19 873.62 

Feb. 2,1935 871.66

May" 20 874*07 

June 28 909.76 

Aug. 5 898.19

Sept. 29 905.95

6. R. W. Barham, Bandera

Diameter 6 in. Depth

216 ft. Measuring 

point, hole in pump

t ' Al-M-h d ~

1,050.33 ft.

Mar. 19,1934 972.33

May" 21 972 I 59

June 19 972 I 57 

July 30 974.41 

Aug. 22 972.13 

Sept.19 972.09 

Oct. 12 972.07

Dec. 19 972.29 

Feb. 2,1935 972.00

Anr 10 972*94

May 20 984.50 

June 28 979.22

Aug. 5 978.23

7. George Calvert, Bandera Road, 10 miles

northwest of San

Marl 19 685.61 

Apr. 18 686.81 

May 21 684.73 

June 19 681.96 

July 30 682.96

Aug. 22 680.18 

Sept.19 679;03 

Nov. 20 678.43 

Dec. 19 678.06 

Feb. 2,1935 678.18

OQ R*7Q RO fZo D / O O*s

Apr. 10 677.87 

May 20 693.67

June 28 705.29 

Aug. 5 699.17 

Sept .29 699.85

8. Adolphe Benke, 15 

miles northwest of

a^t^rin! Etepth

285 ft. Measuring

bove land surface.

Altitude 907.33 ft.

July 21,1932 702.1 

Oct. 18 706.18

Nov. 18 705.85

July 18* 701*.90 

Aug. 17 700.65 

Sept. 18 699.69 

Oct. 17 699.10

Nov. 20 698.02

Jan! 19,1934 696*51 

Feb. 19 697.25

Mar. 19 698.35

Apr. 18 699.81 

May 21 700.88

June 19 699. c9

Aug. 22 697 I 00

Sept.19 695.33 

Oct. 11 694

Nov. 20 692.78

Dec. 19 691.84

_. Water level

uare (feet)

Feb. 2,1935 691.47

28 691.74

Apr. 10 690.90

May 20 695.33 

June 28 718.71

Sept. 29 721.93

9. I. G. Yates, Bulverde

Road, 4 miles north 

of Wetmore. Diameter 

6 in. Depth 300 ft. 

Measuring point, top 

of casing, 1.0 ft. 

above land surface. 

Altitude 949.22 ft.

July 20,1932 689.2 

Oct. 19 687.7 

Apr. 10,1933 686.27 

July 17 685.80 

Aug. 18 686.82

Oct. 18 685.58 

Nov. 21 685.47 

Dec. 20 685.27 

May 22,1934 688.5

10. H. H. Classen, 2 

miles north of Wetmore. Depth 400± 

ft. Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp,

1.0 ft. above land

surface. Altitude

908.65 ft.

July 20,1932 673.57

Oct. 19 675.2

Jan. 16,1933 675.27 

July 17 672.97 

Sept.19 672.37

Nov. 21 671.88

Dec. 20 671.61

Jan. 19,1934 671.48

Feb. 20 672.7V 

Mar. 20 674.08

Apr. 19 674.11

May 22 673.45 

June 20 671.89 

July 30 671.02 

Aug. 23 670.83 

Sept. 20 669.65

Oct. 10 669.25

Nov. 20 668.65 

Feb. 2,1935 669.17 

Mar. 1 670.03

Apr. 10 669.47

June 26 684,40 

Aug. 3 686.02

11. John Eisenhauer, Wetmore road. Diameter 

6 in. Depth 239 ft.

Measuring point, top

of casing, 0.5 ft.

above land surface.

Altitude 874.82 ft.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 179

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

11. - Continued 13 - Continued 15 - Continued

_ . Water level 

Date (feet)

July 20,1932 672.18 

Oct. 19 674.27 

Jan. 16,1933 674.64 

Apr. 10 674.26 

July 17 671.14 

Aug. 18 671.49 

Oct. 18 671.24 

Nov. 21 670.93 

Dec. 20 670.82 

Jan. 19,1934 670.97 

Feb. 20 671.84 

Mar. 20 673.01 

Apr. 19 673.47 

May 22 672.01 

June 20 670.03 

July 30 669.78 

Aug. 23 668.95 

Sept. 20 668.07 

Oct. 10 667.62 

Nov. 20 667.45 

Dec. 19 667.40 

Feb. 4,1935 668.01 

Apr. 10 668.19 

May 20 674.14 

Sept. 29 684.57

12. Amos Lorenz, 

Nacogdoches Road. 

Diameter &J in. 

Depth 370 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

0.5 ft. above land 

surface. Altitude 

821.16 ft.

July 19,1932 669.41 

Oct. 19 675.16 

July 17,1933 671.61 

Aug. 18 671.78 

Sept. 19 672.12 

Oct. 18 671.38 

Nov. 21 671.40 

Dec. 20 671.43 

Jan. 19,1934 671.78 

Feb. 20 672.11 

Apr. 19 673.78 

June 20 668.85 

Aug. 23 667.48 

Sept. 20 667.15 

Oct. 10 666.76 

Nov. 20 667.26 

Dec. 19 667.24 

Feb. 4,1935 667.49 

Mar. 1 667.90 

Apr. 8 667.01 

May 19 675.51 

June 26 685.31 

Sept. 26 680.61

13. Ed Haag, North Loop 

Road, 4 miles southwest of Wetmore. 

Diameter 8 in. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

0.5 ft. above land 

surface. Altitude 

782.81 ft.

_ . Water level 

Date (feet)

Sept. 29, 1933 673.04 

Feb. 20,1934 672.82 

Mar. 20 673.57 

Apr. 19 674.47 

May 22 672.01 

June 20 669.92 

Aug. 23 668.05 

Sept. 20 667.81 

Oct. 11 667.41 

Nov. 20 667.87 

Dec. 19 667.81 

Feb. 4,1935 668.11 

Mar. 1 668.45 

Apr. 10 667.63 

May 20 677.81 

June 26 688.92 

Aug. 3 683.29 

Sept. 26 682.43

14. Albert Theis, Wetmore. Diameter 6 

in. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 0.5 ft. above 

land surface. Altitude 821.57 ft.

Oct. 2,1933 682.76 

18 681.89 

Nov. 21 681.65 

Dec. 20 680.80 

Jan. 19,1934 681.08 

Feb. 20 684.00 

Mar. 20 685.14 

Apr. 19 686.06 

May 22 687.06 

June 20 684.40 

July 30 683.91 

Aug. 23 681.73 

Sept. 20 681.33 

Oct. 10 681.42 

Nov. 20 682.42 

Dec. 19 679.10 

Feb. 4,1935 682.27 

Mar. 1 685.72 

Apr. 10 684.27 

May 20 696.73 

June 26 713.57 

Aug. 3 701.12 

Sept. 26 692.99

15. Robert Mechler, 

Castroville Road, 6 

miles east of Castroville, Diameter 

6 in. Depth .918+ fl 

Measuring point, to] 

of pipe clamp, 1.5 

ft. above land surface. Altitude 

810.64 ft.

Sept. 15, 1933 692.30 

Jan. 4,1934 690.53 

Apr. 20 692.67 

May 23 689.38 

June 21 686.90 

July 31 687.77

_. . Water level Date (feet)

Aug. 24,1934 684.87 

Sept. 21 684.05 

Oct. 9 684.24 

Nov. 21 683.59 

Dec. 21 683.17 

Feb. 3,1935 683.06 

Mar. 2 683.14 

Apr. 9 682.27 

May 21 691.80 

June 28 706.78 

Aug. 3 703.64

16. G. A. Kuentz, Culebra 

Road, 13 miles northwest of San Antonio. 

Diameter 6 in. Depth 

216 ft. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 0.5 ft. above 

land surface. Altitude 849.02 ft.

Sept. 21, 1933 690.79 

Jan. 9,1934 688.36 

Apr. 20 695.15 

May 23 690.05 

June 21 687.14 

July 31 688.53 

Aug. 24 685.22 

Sept. 21 683.88 

Oct. 11 683.36 

Dec. 21 680.86 

Feb. 4,1935 682.66 

Mar. 2 683.12 

Apr. 9 682.52 

May 21 698.67 

June 28 715.44 

Aug. 2 708.20 

Sept. 27 708.22

17. F. A. Fitch, Bandera 

Road, &J miles northwest of San Antonio. 

Diameter 6 in. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1.0 ft. 

above land surface. 

Altitude 881.83 ft.

July 21,1932 677.98 

Oct. 18 682.38 

Nov. 18 681.86 

Jan. 15,1933 682.13 

Apr. 8 681.33 

b. July 18 677.77 

3 Aug. 17 677.83 

Sept. 18 677.94 

Oct. 17 677.33 

Nov. 20 677.11 

Dec. 18 676.97 

Jan. 19,1934 677.38 

Feb. 19 677.78 

Mar. 19 678.68 

Apr. 18 679.41 

May 21 677.28 

June 19 674.54 

July 30 675.71 

Aug. 22 673.11
180 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

17 - Continued 19 - Continued 21 - Continued

_ . Water level Date (feet)

Sept. 19, 1934 672.38 

Oct. 12 671.65 

Nov. 20 672.23 

Dec. 19 672.08 

Feb. 2,1935 672.25 

28 672.61 

Apr. 10 671.81 

May 20 682.43 

June 28 693.98 

Aug. 5 689.01 

Sept. 29 689.63

18. Alfred Reininger, 

Bandera Road, 9 

miles northwest of 

San Antonio. Diameter 5 in. Depth 

366 ft. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 0.5 ft. above land surface. 

Altitude 892.13 ft.

July 21,1932 679.03 

Oct. 18 683.86 

Nov. 18 683.29 

Jan. 15,1933 683.58 

Apr. 9 682.83 

July 18 679.09 

Aug. 17 679.05 

Sept. 18 679.15 

Oct. 17 678.53 

Nov. 20 678.28 

Dec. 18 678.09 

Jan. 19,1934 678.54 

Feb. 19 678.94 

Mar. 19 679.98 

Apr. 18 680.77 

May 21 678.57 

June 19 675.89 

July 30 676.98 

Aug. 22 674.25 

Sept. 19 673.46 

Oct. 12 672.74 

Nov. 20 673.20 

Dec. 19 673.12 

Feb. 2,1935 673.15 

Apr. 10 672.71 

May 20 684.29 

June 28 695.81 

Aug. 5 690.48 

Sept. 29 691.40

19. Mrs. J. H. Landa, 

Bandera Road, 7 

miles northwest of 

San Antonio. Diameter 4 in. Depth 

385 ft. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1.0 ft. above land surface. 

Altitude 773.09 ft.

Oct. 29,1932 678.32 

Apr. 9,1933 678.65 

July 18 675.09

_ . Water level ~ . Water level 

Date (feet) Date (feet)

Aug. 17,1933 674.67 Aug. 24,1933 674.71 

Sept. 18 674.90 Sept. 18 675.26 

Oct. 17 674.54 Oct. 17 674.69 

Nov. 20 674.39 Nov. 20 674.58 

Dec. 18 674.09 Dec. 18 674.51 

Jan. 18,1934 674.51 Feb. 19,1934 675.25 

Feb. 19 674.86 Mar. 19 676.06 

Mar. 19 675.75 Apr. 18 676.72 

Apr. 18 677.09 June 19 672.09 

May 21 674.8 Aug. 22 670.56 

June 19 672.34 Sept. 19 670.06 

July 27 671.98 Oct. 12 669.44 

Aug. 22 670.73 25 668.96 

Oct. 12 669.25 Nov. 20 670.01 

Nov. 20 669.70 Dec. 19 670.03 

Dec. 19 669.70 Jan. 31,1935 670.09 

Jan. 31,1935 670.01 Mar. 1 670.48 

Mar. 1 670.24 Apr. 8 669.62 

Apr. 8 669.35 May 20 679.77 

May 20 679.84 June 26 690.86 

June 26 691.04 Aug. 3 685.78 

Aug. 3 685.86 Sept. 26 685.31 

Sept. 26 685.18

22. Westmoorland College, 

20. Lake View Addition, French and Ashby Sts., 

Monterey and Wood San Antonio. Diameter 

Sts., San Antonio. 5 in. Depth 900 ft. 

Depth 1,000 ft. Measuring point, top 

Measuring point, top of casing, at land 

of pump base, 1.0 ft, surface. Altitude 

above land surface. 715.94 ft. 

Altitude 711.26 ft.

Aug. 25,1933 675.37 

Aug. 25,1933 676.36 Sept. 18 675.64 

Sept. 18 676.65 Oct. 12 675.06 

Oct. 17 675.91 Nov. 20 674.96 

Dec. 20 675.71 Dec. 18 674.86 

Jan. 18,1934 675.84 Jan. 18,1934 675.05 

Feb. 19 676.32 Feb. 19 675.71 

Mar. 19 677.08 Mar. 19 676.35 

Apr. 19 678.21 Apr. 18 676.96 

May 21 675.49 May 21 675.44 

June 19 672.93 June 19 672.35 

Aug. 22 671.48 July 30 673.60 

Sept. 19 671.09

Oct. 11 670.49 

25 669.98 23. Mrs. L. M. Bubble. 

Nov. 19 671.05 1119 Menchaca St., 

Dec. 20 671.16 San Antonio. DiFeb. 1,1935 671.09 ameter 5 5/8 in. 

28 671.48 Depth 498 ft. MeasApr. 9 670.82 uring point, top of 

May "21 680.22 l|-inch plug, 1.9 

June 28 690.08 ft. above land surface. 

Aug. 3 686.04 Altitude 665.23 ft. 

Sept. 27 686.21

July 21,1932 674.7 

21. Davia Heights Addi- Oct. 18 679.3 

tion, Blanco Road Nov. 18 678.1 

and Granada St., Apr. 9,1933 677.0 

San Antonio. Meas- July 18 674.2 

uring point, top of Aug. 17 674.5 

pipe clamp, at land Sept 18 674.5 

surface. Altitude Oct. 17 674.0 

761.46 ft. Nov. 20 673.9 

Dec. 20 673.9

Jan. 18,1934 674.2 

Feb. 19 674.5
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 181

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

23 - Continued 25 - Continued 27 - Continued

Date Water level 

(feet) Date Water level 

(feet) Date Water level 

(feet)

Apr. 19,1934 

May 21 

June 19 

July 27 

Aug. 22 

Sept.19 

Oct. 11 

25

Nov. 19 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 31,1935 

Feb. 28 

Apr. 8 

May 20 

June 27 

Aug. 3 

Sept.27

676.1

673.8

671.1

672.4

669.71

669.48

668.94

668.48

669.63

669.74

669.81

670.03

669.33

677.68

688.81

684.83

685.03

Mar. 19,1934 

Apr. 19 

May 21 

June 19 

Aug. 22 

Sept.19 

Oct. 11

25

19 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 31,1935 

Feb. 28 

Apr. 8 

May 20 

June 27 

Aug. 3 

Sept.27

Nov.

675.54

676.71

674.25

671.65

670.41

669.96

669.43

668.87

669.68

670.01

670.24

670.32

669.44

677.85

688.10

683.80

684.05

Oct. 11,1934 

Nov. 20 

21

3,1935 

2 

9 

21

Dec. 

Feb.

Mar. 

Apr. 

May

June 28 

Aug. 3 

Sept.27

677.18

677.71

677.39

677.57

677.66

676.89

686.72

699.41

695.53

696.39

24. R. Keilman, 607 Perez 26. 

St., San Antonio. 

Diameter 5 5/8 in. 

Depth 802 ft. Measuring point, top of 

6-inch standpipe, 

5.0 ft. above land 

surface.

28. Robert Boenig, Finn 

Road, 8 miles west 

of San Antonio. 

Diameter 6 in. Depth 

888 ft. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1.0 ft. above 

land surface. Altitude 745.45 ft.

Aug. 1,1933 

Sept.18 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 18 

Jan. 18,1934 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 19 

Apr. 19 

May 21 

June 19 

July 27 

Aug. 22 

Sept.19 

Oct. 11 

25

Nov. 19 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 31,1935 

Mar. 1 

Apr. 8 

May 21 

June 27 

Sept.27

672.86

673.40

672.36

672.47

672.80

673.04

673.47

674.69

671.51

668.91

669.59

667.88

667.56

667.02

666.16

667.75

668.21

668.36

668.61

668.03

676.11

684.86

681.06

Fuller's Earth 

Plant, Castroville 

Road, 13j miles __________ 

west of San Antonio. 

Diameter 6 in. Sept.20,1933 

Depth 872 ft. Meas- Jan. 4,1934 

uring point, top of Apr. 20 

concrete pump base, May 23 

2.0 ft. above land 

surface. Altitude 

790.15 ft.

Sept.15,1933 

Jan. 4,1934 

Apr. 20 

May 23 

June 21 

July 31 

Aug. 24 

Sept 0 21 

Oct. 11 

Nov. 20

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 28 

Aug. 3 

Sept.27

21

3,1935

2

9

21

684.95

683.48

685 0 93

682.28

679.75

680.88

677.71

677.02

676.39

676.87

676.45

676.47

676.63

675.87

685.65

698.47

696.30

696.94

June 21 

July 31 

Aug. 24 

Sept.21 

Oct. 11

Nov. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 28 

Aug. 3 

Sept.27

12

20

21

3,1935

2

21

682.15 

680.80 

683.62 

679.82 

677.56 

679.09 

675,88 

675*40 

674.81 

674.55 

675.35 

675.16 

675.31 

674.53 

674.71 

684.19 

696.32 

692.24 

692.99

25. Owner unknown, Morales 

and 24th Sts., San 

Antonio. Measuring 

point, top of 1-inch 

pipe, 1.5 ft. above 

land surface. Altitude 677.60 ft.

27. A. J. Vogt, Castroville Road, 12 

miles west of San 

Antonio. Diameter 

6 in. Depth 786 

ft. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1.0 ft. 

above land surface. 

Altitude 765.97 ft.

29. N. H. White, Oriental 

St. at International 

& Great Northern R.R., 

San Antonio. Diameter 6 in. Depth 700 

ft. Measuring point, 

packing box on valve, 

0.5 ft. above land 

surface. Altitude 

652.53 ft.

Apr. 8,1933 

July 18 

Aug. 17 

Sept.18 

Oct. 17 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 18,1934 

Feb. 19

677.53

674.55

674.72

675.00

674.26

674.25

674.20

674.35

674.86

Sept.15,1933 

Jan. 4,1934 

Apr. 20 

May 23 

June 21 

July 31 

Aug. 24 

Sept.21

684.27

683.37

686.13

682.46

680.10

681.44

678.34

677.79

Sept.15,1933 

Oct. 18 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 18,1934 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 19

19

21

Apr. 

May 

June 19 

July 27 

Aug. 22 

Sept.19 

Oct. 9 

25 

Nov. 19

673.5

674.0

675.0

675.6

674.5

674.5

674.9

675.9

671.7

670.5

671.73

668.9

668.9

669.1

668.2

670.08
182 WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

29 - Continued 32 - Continued 34 - Continued

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept

30.

Aug.

Oct.

May

Oct.

Water level Uate (feet)

20,1934 670.3

31,1935 668.43

28 671.23

8 670.4

21 679.23

27 687.9

5 685.1

.27 672.33

Pruitt Bros.(?), 2

miles southwest of

Von Onny. Diameter

8 in. Depth 1,800

ft . Measuring

point, top of valve,

4.0 ft. above land

surface. Altitude

594.12 ft.

26,1933 687.6

20 687.4

22,1934 685.3

10 681.8

^ . Water level Date (feet)

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

4,1933

.18

18

21

20

18,1934

20

20

19

22

20

27

22

.19

12

25

19

20

31,1935

1

8

19

27

670

671

670

670

671

671

672

672

673

669

667

668

665

666

665

665

666

667

667

667

666

675

678

.41

.63

.53

.56

.73

.29

.24

.86

.07

.48

.33

.28

.98

.25

.78

.66

.87

.09

.20

.76

.72

.14

.40+

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept

n . Water level Date (feet)

7,1933

.19

18

21

20

20,1934

20

20

19

22

20

27

23

.20

8

25

19

20

31,1935

1

8

19

27

3

.26

671

672

671

671

671

671

672

672

673

670

668

668

666

666

667

666

667

667

667

667

667

675

684

680

680

.58

.55

.39

.66

.64

.70

.39

.60

.96

.79

.31

.88

.92

.87

.18

.01

.23

.58

.49

.92

.06

.61

.10

.20

.54

33. Moore estate, Houston

31. Mrs. Mattke, 130

Olmos St., San Antonio. Diameter 

6 In. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, at land surface. Altitude 

773.89 ft.

St. and Broadway, 

San Antonio. Diameter 6 in. Depth 

765 ft. Measuring 

point, top of horizontal pipe, 1.3 

ft. above floor. 

Altitude 645.66 ft.

35. Dr. D. T. Atkinson, 

Alamo Heights, San 

Antonio. Diameter 

8 in. Depth 245 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 0.3 ft, 

above land surface. 

Altitude 803.54 ft.

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

32.

24,1933 672.4

.18 673.00

17 672.40

20 672.41

18 672.43

18,1934 672.56

19 672.99

19 673.69

19 674.67

19 669.77

27 670.03

22 668.35

.19 668.08

12 667.47

25 667.17

19 668.20

19 668.45

31,1935 668.48

8 667.97

19 676.14

26 684.51

3 681.06

Sunset Wood & Coal

Co., Lamar and Walnut Sts., San Antonio. Diameter 8

in. Depth 1,020

ft. Measuring

point, top of valve

3.1 ft. above land

surface. Altitude

678.40 ft.

July

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept

26,1933 671.1

.19 673.4

18 669.05

21 672.3

20 672.5

18,1934 672.9

20 672.5

20 673.4

19 673.9

22 671.1

20 668.0

27 669.9

22 667.2

.19 667.3

12 667.5

25 667.6

19 668.3

20 668.1

31,1935 668.8

1 669.0

9 668.5

21 676.9

27 684.9

5 682.2

.26 681.96

34. Southern Ice Co.,

Pierce and Sharer

Sts., San Antonio.

Diameter 6 in.

Depth 900 ft. Measuring point, top of

concrete base, at

land surface . Altitude 710.34 ft.

July

Oct.

Jan.

Apr.

July

Aug.

20,1932

19

23,1933

10

17

18

Sept .19

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept,

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept.

18

21

20

19,1934

20

20

19

22

20

27

23

,20

12

25.

19

20

31,1935

1

8

19

26

3

26

671.47

674.94

675.05

674.34

671.41

671.54

671.93

671.23

671.22

671.23

671.54

671.94

672.62

673.41

670.96

668.65

668.71

667.30

666.99

666.34

666.03

666.98

667.15

667.32

667.71

666.84

674.91

684.76

680.54

680.03
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1955 183

Water levels in wells in Bexar County - Continued 

36. A. A. Rothe, Seguin 37 - Continued 38 - Continued 

and W. W. White __________________ __________ 

Roads, San Antonio. 

Diameter 6 in.

... uate

Water level 

(fe.et)

Water level 

(feet)

Nov. 

Feb. 

Oct.

37.

Aug.

Depth 970 ft. Measuring point, top of Mar. 

pipe clamp, 1.6 ft. Apr. 

above land surface. May 

Altitude 678.07 ft. June 

July

Water level Aug. 

Da*6 (feet) Sept

Oct. 

13,1932 676.19 

7,1934 673.26 Apr. 

8 667.76 May 

June

Aug. 

San Antonio and Sept

Simpson & Probant, 

San Antonio. Depth 38. 

1,100 ft. Measuring 

point, top of 8- inch 

cross at top of casing, 2.5 ft. above 

land surface. Altitude 629.55 ft.

2,1933 674.6

19,1934 675.8 

19 676.3 

21 673.7 

19 670.8 

27 671.9 

22 669.4 

.19 669.1 

9,1934 669.5 

25 668.65 

10,1935 669.75 

21 679.05 

27 688.05 

5 684.95 

.27 684.8

San Antonio School 

Board, South Flores, 

Sayers and Laclede 

Sts., San Antonio. 

Diameter 8 in. 

Depth 1,800-1,900 

ft. Measuring 

point, top of concrete cap on well. 

Altitude 622.57 ft.

Dec. 20,1933 

Jan. 18,1934 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 19 

Apr. 19 

May 21 

June 19 

July 27 

Aug. 22 

Sept. 19 

Oct. 9 

25 

Nov. 19 

Dec. 20 

Feb. 1,1935 

28 

Apr. 10 

May 21 s 

June 27 

Aug. 5 

Sept. 27

660.2 

660.2 

660.5 

661.6 

661.6 

660.2 

658.1 

656.2 

656.2 

656.2 

656.0 

655.3 

656.6 

655.6 

656.2 

656.5 

657.5 

659.6 

670.4 

668.8 

667.3

Sept.18 

Oct. 18 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 20 

Jan. 18,1934 

Feb. 19

674.8

674.2

674.1

674.2

674.8

Aug. 21,1933 

Sept.19 

Oct. 18 

Nov. 20

660.6

661.4

661.0

660.4

Water levels in wells in Brooks County

Shallow wells (less than 150 feet deep).

202.

Dec. 

Sept 

Feb. 

Feb.

269.

E. 0. Xasater estate, 4 miles northwest of Falfurrias. 

Drilled. Depth 112 

ft., windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of lowest point 

in casing, at surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

8,1932 30.38 

.20,1933 31.89 

7,1935 29.20 

3,1936 29.65

J. W. Story, 1 mile 

northwest of FalfurriaB . Depth 

originally 650 to 

700 ft, caved and 

now 100 ft. Drilled. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1 ft. 

above surface.

269 - Continued

Date

Oct. 

Nov. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

278.

21,1932 

29 

5,1933 

20 

26 

27 

25 

10 

. 2 

3 

17 

7,1935 

4,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

20.40 

20.29 

20.21 

20.22 

20.81 

20.41 

20.48 

20.16 

19.99 

16.90 

16.50 

17.67 

16.71

Serveriano Querrero, 

1/2 mile northwest 

of Falfurrias. Dug. 

Depth 22 ft. Measuring point, top of 

casing.

278 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept 

Oct.

Feb.

322.

Sept 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

.25,1933 7.03 

5 6.50 

22 7.13 

7,1935 ....

Baltasal, 1/2 mile 

southwest of center 

of Falfurrias. 

Bored. Depth 17 ft, 

Hand pump. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 2^ ft. 

above surface.

.20,1953 6.39 

5 5.72 

22 6.10 

7,1935 7.05 

4,1936 7.93
184 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Brooks County - Continued 

323. R. D. Donahoe, 1 335 - Continued 865 - Continued 

mile southwest of

center of Palfurrias. 

Hand,- auger well. 

Depth 25 ft. Hand 

pump. Measuring 

point, pump clamp 

1-J feet above surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept. 20, 1933 6.88 

Oct. 6 6.05 

24 6.36 

Feb. 7,1935 7.88 

Feb. 4,1936 9.42

324. L. 0. Atkinson, 1 

mile south of Falfurrias. Dug. 

Depth 18 ft., windmill. Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface.

Dec. 5,1932 13.04 

Sept. 20, 1933 6.69 

Oct. 6 6.41 

22 6:80 

Jan. 2,1935 10.06 

Feb. 4,1936 10.75

333. A. L. Brochet, 1 

mile south of Falfurrias. Dug. 

Depth 11 ft. Hand 

pump. Measuring 

point, bottom of 

1 by 6 in. plank 

across top, at surface.

Sept. 20, 1933 4.08 

Oct. 5 3.03 

22 3.56 

Jan. 2,1935 6.98 

Feb. 4,1936 7.55

334. Cecilio Salinas, 1 

mile south of center 

of Falfurrias. Dug. 

Depth 16 ft. Hand 

pump.

Sept.20,1933 6.14 

Oct. 5 4.82 

24 4.90 

Feb. 7,1935 7.15 

Feb. 4,1936 10.20

335. E. E. Freeze, 1-J 

miles south of center of Falfurrias. 

Dug. Depth 18 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of 4-in. cog 

3 in. above surface.

Depth Depth 

Date to water Date to water 

(feet) (feet)

Sept.20,1933 5.49 Sept.20,1933 78.10 

Oct. 5 4.28 Oct. 6 77.97 

22 4.73 20 77.97 

Jan. 2,1935 8.55 Jan. 2,1935 77.71 

Feb. 7 6.36 Feb. 6,1936 77.74 

Feb. 4.1936 8.07

872. Victor Mart Inez, 

336. E. E. Freeze, ij- 1 mile north of 

miles south of cen- Los Perez. Drilled, 

ter of Falfurrias. Depth 68 ft., windBored. Depth 20 ft. mill. Measuring 

Hand pump. Meas- point, top of casuring point, top of ing, at surface, 

casing, at surface.

' Mar. 16,1933 44.5 

Dec. 5,1932 9.8 Sept. 20 44.94 

Sept.20,1933 4.90 Oct. 6 44.74 

Oct. 5 3.70 20 44.72 

22 4.15 Jan. 2,1935 42.96 

Jan. 2,1935 8.00 Feb. 6,1936 42.36 

Feb. 7 5.78

Feb. 4,1936 7.45 

874. Matilde Mart Inez,

Los Perez, 8 miles 

453. J. D. Helms, 2 west of Rochal. 

miles southeast of Drilled. Depth 80 

Falfurrias. Bored. ft. Measuring 

Depth 24|- ft. Not point, pump clamp, 

used. Measuring 2 feet above surpoint, top of inner face, 

galvanized casing.

2 feet above surface. Mar. 14,1933 50. 

Sept. 20 45.58

Oct. 6 45.51 

Nov. 28,1932 19.32 20 45.49 

Jan. 5,1933 19.48 Jan. 2,1935 42.62 

Feb. 20 19.71 Feb. 6,1936 42.21 

May 26 20.09

Sept. 20 17.35 

Oct. 3 16.74 882. E. Villareal, 5 

17 16.62 miles west of Rochal. 

Drilled. 'Denth 138

ft. Hand pump. 

822. Garcia Ramos Bros., Measuring point, top 

12 miles west of of pump clamp, 2 feet 

Rochal. Dug and above surface, 

drilled. Depth 97

ft., windmill. 

Measuring point, Mar. 14,1933 74.0 

bottom of east 4 by Sept. 20 74.23 

6 in. cross timber. Oct. 6 74.19 

20 74.14

Jan. 2,1935 72.96 

Sept.20,1933 57.06 Feb. 6,1936 71.85 

Oct. 6 56.90

20 56.93 

Jan. 2,1935 60.96 885. Juan Longorla, 4Jmiles west of

Rochal. Depth 1001 

865. Florencio Rodriguez, ft. Hand pump. 

5 miles west of Measuring point, 

Rochal. Drilled. 4 by 6 in. beam, 

Depth 130 ft. Hand 1 3/4 feet above 

pump. Measuring surface, 

point, pump clamp.

l£ feet above surface.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 185

Water levels In wells In Brooks County - Continued

885 921 - Continued

Sept 

Oct.

Jan. 

Feb.

918.

Sept 

Oct.

Jan. 

Feb.

- Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

.20,1933 72.75 

6 71.69 

20 71.42 

2,1935 70.88 

6,1936 69.75

Jose Garcla Ramos, 

west side of highway, Enclno settlement. Depth 45 ft. 

Hand pump. Measuring point, top of 

4- Inch casing 1 

foot above surface.

.20,1933 38.25 

6 37.33 

20 36.33 

2,1935 38.90 

6,1936 39.28

920. Prospero Mangel, 

Jr., west side of 

highway, Enclno 

settlement. Depth 

45 to 50 ft. 

Hand pump. Measuring point, pump 

clamp, 2 feet above 

surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept. 20, 1933 35.40 

Oct. 6 36.98 

20 35.85

921. Nlcolas Cantu, east 

side of highway, 

Enclno sett lement . 

Bored. Depth 42 ft 

Hand pump. Measuring point, top of 

concrete curb 6 In. 

above surface .

Date

Depth

to water

(feet)

Sept.20,1933 

Oct. 6 

20

Jan. 2,1935 

Feb. 6,1936

36.84

35.70

34.93

36.04

37.20

Deep wells (470 to 800 feet or more).

254. E. G. Maun, 2^ miles 

northwest of Falfurrias. Drilled. 

Depth 500 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of 4 by 6 

In. wood pump clamp 

above concrete base, 

3 feet above surface. Altitude 

131.35 feet.

Oct. 23,1932 

Jan. 5,1933 

Feb. 22

May 26 

June 27

July 25 

Aug. 10 

Sept. 2 

Oct. 3

Jan. 2,1935 

Feb. 3,1936

11.23 

8.28 

9.00

14.75 

11.25

9.51 

8.52 

7.81 

7.26

7.61 

6.96

266. Mrs. B. M. KcCullar, 

2 miles northwest 

of Falfurrlas. 

Drilled. Depth 500 

ft. Measuring 

point, top of pump 

clamp on top of 

round concrete 

curb, 18 Inches 

above surface. 

Altitude 129.46 

feet.

266 - Continued

Oct. 23,1932 12.15 

Jan. 5,1933 11.02 

Feb. 22 11.03 

May 26 13.52 

June 27 12.10 

July 25 12.81 

Aug. 10 10.99 

Sept. 2 10.36 

Oct. '3 9.48 

Jan. 2,1935 10.63 

Feb. 3,1936 10.22

270. J. W. Story, 1 

mile northwest of 

Falfurrlas. 

Drilled. Depth 

638 ft. Air lift.

Oct. 21,1932 21.27 

Nov. 29 19.67 

Jan. 5,1933 18.18 

Feb. 20 20.22 

May 26 22.11 

June 27 21.26 

Oct. 4 18.12 

Jan. 2,1935 19.04

272. Oliver, 2 miles 

west of Falfurrlas. 

Drilled. Depth 

730 to 740 ft. 

Windmill . Measuring point, top of 

rope at surface. 

Altitude 132.17 feet.

Oct. 23,1932 15.00 

Jan. 5,1933 13.03 

Feb. 22 12.88 

May 26 17.18 

June 27 15.11 

July 25 13.89 

Aug. 10 12.93 

Sept. 1 12.17 

Oct. 3 11.05 

Jan. 2,1935 13.81

273. George Franks, 1^ 

miles west of Falfurrlas. Drilled. 

Depth 710 to 730 ft. 

Well once had a flow. 

Measuring point, top 

of pump clamp, 1 foot 

above surface. Altitude 128.45 feet.

Nov. 31,1932 11.80 

Jan. 5,1933 11.29 

May 26 15.76 

June 27 14.00 

July 25 12.25
186 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Brooks County - Continued 

273 - Continued 340 - Continued 399 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan.

Feb.

281.

Oct. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan.

Feb. 

Feb.

337.

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan.

Feb.

340.

10,1933 11.40 

31 10.57 

3 9.76 

2,1935 10.10 

3,1936 9.58

C.P.& L. City Water 

Works, center of 

Falfurrias. 

Drilled. Depth 749 

ft . Measuring 

point, top of horizontal pipe, 3 feet 

above surface . Altitude 11.54 feet.

22,1932 19.33 

7,1933 14.25 

22 14.89 

26 20.52 

27 16.62 

25 16.58 

10 14.41 

31 15.70 

3 12.92 

2,1935 15.80 

8 13.48 

5,1936 12.12

Mrs. J. S. Donahoe, 

1-J- miles south of 

Falfurrias. Drilled. Depth 800 to 

1,000 ft. Measuring point, top 

of casing, 3 feet 

above surface. 

Altitude 115.67 

feet.

5,1932 9.60 

5,1933 7.43 

20 6.74 

26 11.17 

27 8.80 

25 8.5Q 

10 6.78 

31 6.50 

3 5.59 

2,1935 7.31 

6,1936 6.68

Dr. H. M. Bennett,

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan.

Feb.

390.

Oct. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan. 

Feb.

397.

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Jan.

6,1932 4.15 

5,1933 3.24 

20 2.68 

26 7.68 

27 4.43 

25 4.69 

10 2.85 

31 2.47 

3 1.28 

2,1935 2.63 

6,1936 2.38

Southern Pacific 

Railway, Falfurrias. Drilled. 

Depth 810 ft. No 

pump . Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface. 

Altitude 107.62 

feet.

25,1932 11.50 

5,1933 8.97 

22 8.77 

26 15.21 

27 11.58 

25 10.39 

10 8.96 

31 8.75 

4 6.60 

2,1935 8.21 

4,1936 7.70

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Feb.

Feb.

405.

Oct. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb.

J. W. Dale, 2 miles 467. 

east of Falfurrias. 

Drilled. Depth 520 

ft. No pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing, at surface; 

altitude 104.64 feet.

7,1932 16.60 

5,1933 16.65 

20 16.45 

26 17.75 

27 17.20 

25 17.59 

10 17.01 

31 16.39 

3 13.98 

7,1935 15.18

,

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb.

7,1932 15.85 

5,1933 14.78 

20 15.06 

26 21.89 

26 16.74 

25 16.13 

10 15.11 

31 14.36 

4 12.64 

7,1935 13.95 

4,1936 14.37

A. Rupp, 5 miles 

east of Falfurrias. 

Drilled. Depth 

612 ft. Measuring 

point, top of casing encased in concrete, 2 feet above 

surface. Altitude 

100.00 feet.

21,1932 19.10 

5,1933 18.14 

20 18.02 

26 20.54 

27 19.13 

25 18.70 

10 18,07 

31 17.87 

4 17.30 

7,1935 17.84 

4,1936 18.36

Flowella townsite, 

5 miles southeast 

of Falfurrias. 

Drilled. Depth 

640 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of wood pump 

clamp, 18 inches 

above surface.

5,1933 10.57 

20 10.6 

26 13.08 

27 11.50 

25 11.17 

31 10.36 

3 9.74 

7,1935 10.32 

4,1936 10.50

2 miles south of 

Falfurrias. Drilled. Depth 742 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of brace, 2 

feet above surface 

Altitude 11.45.

miles east of'Pal-' 474. 

furrias. Drilled. 

Depth 500 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, top of pump 

clamp, 2 feet above 

surface. Altitude 

99.23 feet.

A. Rupp, S% miles 

east-southeast of 

Palfurriaa. Drilled. Depth 472 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

wood suction clamp, 

1 foot above surface. Altitude 

94.07 feet.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 187

Water levels in wella in Brooka County - Continued

474 - Continued 504 - Continued

Date

Oct.

Jan.

Feb.

May

Feb.

Feb.

21,1932

5,1933

20

26

7,1935

4,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

19.03

17.01

17.18

29.18

16.86

17.75

504. Neal Rupp, 5jj milea Oct. 

east-aoutheast of 

Falfurrias. Drille 

Depth 488 ft. Air 

lift. Meaauring 

point, top of T 505. 

diacharge, 4 feet 

above surface.

Date

Oct. 21,1932

Jan. 5,1933

Feb. 20

May 26

June 27

July 25

Aug. 10

31

Oct. 3

Feb. 7,1935

Feb. 4,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

21.77

19.88

20.05

32.55

21.48

20.35

20.49

19.49

18.52

19.85

20.08

505 - Continued

uring point, bottom of T point, 

5 feet above surface.

Depth

Date to water 

___________(feet)

Neal Rupp, 5Jk milea 

eaat-aoutheaat of 

Falfurriaa. Drilled. 

Depth 620 ft. MeaaOct. 21,1932 

Jan. 5,1933 

Feb. 20 

May 26 

June 27 

Oct. 3 

Feb. 7,1935 

Feb. 4,1936

20.25

19.69

19.63

21.90

20.40

18.77

19.42

19.51

Water levela in wella in Dimmit County

M9-9. Myers, 2£ mile a 

aouthwest of Cometa. 

 Measuring point, 

top of casing. Altitude 688.55 feet.

Dec. 12,1929 78.10 

Feb. 19,1930 78.15 

Aug. 26 78.50 

Feb. 6,1931 78.55 

Mar. 4 78.60 

Apr. 25 78.60 

June 8 78.75 

July 3 78.85 

Aug. 5 78.80 

Oct. 2 78.90 

Nov. 6 79.00 

Dec. 4 79.05 

Jan. 7,1932 79.15 

Feb. 11 79.35 

Mar. 17 79.40 

July 6 79.49 

Aug. 29 79.38 

Dec. 21 79.62 

Mar. 22,1933 79.75 

Aug. 27,1934 80.50 

Mar. 13,1935 80.85 

July 31 80.75 

Jan. 26,1936 80.70

N7-21. Owner unknown, 4 

miles aoutheaat of 

Cometa. Measuring 

point, top of caaing. Altitude 

649.70 feet.

Oct. 29,1929 66.20 

Nov. 22 67.10 

Dec. 4 67.40 

18 68.15 

Jan. 16,1930 68.70

N7-21 - Continued

Feb. 19,1930 70.35 

Mar. 10 72.05 

Apr. 16 72.00 

May 19 71.75 

July 15 69.30 

Aug. 26 68.90 

Sept .25 69.25 

Dec. 18 67.55 

Feb. 6,1931 68.05 

Mar. 4 67.40 

Apr. 25 68.65 

June 8 67.00 

Oct. 2 66.05 

Nov. 6 68.30 

Dec. 4 70.60 

Jan. 7,1932 70'.15 

Feb. 11 70.90 

Mar. 18 70.60 

July 6 71.15 

Aug. 29 70.80 

Dec. 22 71.23 

Mar. 18,1933 69.55 

Aug. 27,1934 77.15

N7-27. Price & Kidwell, 

5^ miles aoutheaat 

of Cometa. Measuring point, top 

of pump base. Altitude 634.55 feet.

Oct. 28,1929 58.05 

Nov. 22 76.65 

Dec. 18 69.70 

Jan. 16,1930 a 72.00 

Feb. 19 a 74.85 

Mar. 17 71.15 

Apr. 16 (b) 

May 19 64.95 

June 16 60.65 

July 15 60.15

N7-27 - Continued

Sept. 25,1930 69.40 

Dec. 11 (b) 

Apr. 25,1931 61. TO 

June 8 62.80 

Oct. 2 (b) 

Nov. 6 (b) 

Dec. 4 69.20 

Jan. 7,1932 (b) 

Feb. 11 (b) 

Mar. 18 70.15 

Mar. 18,1933 68.30 

Sept. 21 67.65

N7-34. A. Johnaon, 2 

mile a northweat of 

Winter Haven. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. 

Altitude 576.40 

feet.

Dec. 7,1929 50.70 

Feb. 5,1930 64.60 

Apr. 18 60.15 

May 24 50.70 

June 21 46.80 

July 16 45.20 

Aug. 20 47.10 

Sept .25 50.50 

Oct. 30 49.40 

Dec. 9 45.70 

Jan. 8,1931 51.60 

Feb. 4 44.00 

Mar. 2 37.80 

Apr. 23 44.90 

May 23 35.80 

June 24 35.50 

July 24 28.65 

Sept. 28 33.35 

Nov. 3 50.60 

Dec. 1 56.65

Pump running in nearby well. 

Pumping at time of measurement.
188 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Dimmit County - Continued

NY-34 - Continued N7-53 - Continued N7-74 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 4,1932 45.85 

Feb. 2 46.55 

Mar. 17 44.15 

May 5 45.00 

July 5 41.70 

Aug. 26 41.70 

Dec. 19 45.05 

Mar. 17,1933 40.15 

Sept. 15 35.90 

Aug. 29,1934 41.85 

July 28,1935 44.25 

Jan. 24,1936 58.95

N7-48. H. Hagelstein, 1 

mile east of Winter 

Haven. Measuring 

point, top of pump 

base. Altitude 

1569.31 feet.

Oct. 9,1929 61.00 

Nov. 22 72.65 

Dec. 18 a 79;60 

Jan. 21,1930 76.90 

Feb. 20 (b) 

Mar. 24 (b) 

Apr. 18 (b)

May 24 68.20 

June 27 51.90 

July 16 47.15 

Aug. 20 (b) 

Sept. 25 (b) 

Dec. 9 52.30 

Jan. 8,1931 68.60 

Feb. 4 47.00 

Mar. 2 (b) 

Apr. 23 48.40 

May 23 33.85 

June 24 32.15 

July 24 24.40 

Sept. 28 29.50 

Nov. 2 68.30 

Dec. 1 97.40 

Jan. 4,1932 66.75 

Feb. 2 73.20 

Mar. 17 59.10 

May 5 61.60 

July 5 44.20 

Aug. 26 40.70 

Dec. 19 (b) 

Mar. 17,1933 42.00 

Sept. 15 33.90 

Aug. 29,1934 43.85 

July 28,1935 45.40 

Jan. 24,1936 60.38

N7-53. L. L. Williams, 

5 miles northwest 

of Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, altitude 670.05 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 19,1929 81.50 

Jan. 16,1930 80.90 

Feb. 19 81.15 

Mar. 17 81.45 

Apr. 16 82.00 

May 19 82.40 

June 16 82.00 

July 15 82.50 

Aug. 26 85.90 

Sept. 25 83.15 

Dec. 11 82.75 

Jan. 9,1931 83.05 

Feb. 6 82.45 

Mar. 4 82.60 

Apr. 25 83.00 

June 8 (b) 

July 3 83.60 

Oct. 2 85.80 

Nov. 6 84.35 

Dec. 4 86.05 

Jan. 7,1932 84.30 

Feb. 11 84.80 

Mar. 18 85.25 

June 30 85.14 

Aug. 29 85.50 

Dec. 22 85.75 

Mar. 18,1933 86.55 

Sept. 21 (c)

N7-73. J. English, 6 

miles west of Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp. 

Altitude 662.15 

feet.

Jan. 16,1930 9.60 

Feb. 19 b 32.00 

Mar. 17 b 32.10 

Apr. 16 b 14.00 

May 13 b 11.00 

June 7 9.70 

July 15 b 18.00 

Aug. 26 b 12.60 

Oct. 20 9.30 

Jan. 9,1931 b 21.60 

Feb. 7 c 27.30 

Apr. 25 8.60 

June 8 8.20 

July 2 8.00 

Dec. 4 12.50 

Jan. 7,1932 8.80 

Feb. 11 (b) 

Mar. 19 (b) 

July 1 11.44 

Sept. 18 (b)

N7-74. J. English, 5 

miles west of Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of 4 by 4 in.

pipe clamp. Altitude 714.05 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept. 24,1929 73.80 

Nov. 22 79.90 

Dec. 18 79.70 

Jan. 16,1930 74.45 

Feb. 19 c 75.50 

Mar. 17 (b) 

Apr. 16 c 74.65 

May 13 74.00 

June 17 73.65 

July 15 73.90 

Aug. 26 81.75 

Sept. 25 c 89.00 

Oct. 20 74.70 

Jan. 9,1931 c 82.40 

Feb. 7 c 81.70 

Mar. 4 76.40 

Apr. 25 73.55 

June 8 73.70 

July 2 73.65 

Oct. 3 79.10 

Dec. 4 73.10 

Jan. 7,1932 73 .-00 

Mar. 19 73.15 

July 1 73.14 

Aug. 27 73.60 

Mar. 18,1933 72.50 

Sept. 21 72.40 

Aug. 28,1934 73.60

N7-78. C. Schmitt, 2 

miles northwest of 

Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. Altitude 676.00 feet.

Jan. 6,1930 92.70 

Feb. 19 92.95 

Mar. 17 93.00 

Apr. 16 (b) 

May 19 (b) 

June 17 93.40 

July 15 93.65 

Aug. 26 93.80 

Sept. 25 93.90 

Oct. 20 94.00 

Dec. 11 94.05 

Jan. 9,1931 94.90 

Feb. 6 94.15 

Mar. 4 (b) 

Apr. 25 94.70 

June 8 94.70 

July 2 95.00 

Oct. 2 95.20 

Nov. 6 95.70 

Dec. 4 95.30 

Jan. 7,1932 95.30 

Feb. 11 (b) 

Mar. 19 96.00 

June 30 96.85 

Aug. 28 97.47

Pump running in nearby well.

Pumping at time of measurement.

Pump stopped a short time before measurement.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 189

Water levels in wells in Dimmit County - Continued

N7-78 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 22,1932 97.40 

Mar. 18,1933 97.20 

Sept .20 98.10 

July 31,1935 100.70 

Jan. 24,1936 100.55

N7-95. M. E. Cook, 3 

miles west of Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. 

Altitude 696.00 

feet.

Jan. 6,1930 69.95 

Feb. 19 70.00 

Mar. 17 70.10 

Apr. 16 70.70 

May 19 71.95 

June 17 70.75 

July 15 69.90 

Aug. 26 71.60 

Sept. 25 71.55 

Oct. 20 71.35 

Dec. 11 69.85 

Jan. 9,1931 69.85 

Feb. 7 68.70 

Mar. 4 68.80 

Apr. 25 68.45 

June 8 72.25 

July 2 72.70 

Nov. 6 73.15 

Dec. 4 74.60 

Jan. 7,1932 73.60 

Mar. 19 74.10 

July 1 80.25 

Aug. 27 c 79.30 

Dec. 22 74.50 

Mar. 18,1933 . 74.65 

Sept. 21 (c) 

Aug. 27,1934 74.05 

July 31,1935 77.80 

Jan. 24,1936 72.85

N7-125. J. Gardner, Carrizo Springs. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

613.54 feet.

Feb. 26,1930 58.50 

Sept. 12 59.50 

Feb. 6,1931 59.30 

Apr. 25 59.75 

June 8 59.35 

Oct. 3 59.60 

Dec. 4 60.00 

Jan. 7,1932 59.85 

Feb. 11 59.65 

Mar. 19 60.55 

July 1 61.08 

Aug. 29 60.83 

Dec. 22 59.78

N7-127. Mrs. F. F. 

Kellogg, 1/2 mile 

northeast of Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 

at surface. Altitude 580.80 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 8,1929 58.10 

Nov. 22 62.40 

Dec, 5 55.60 

19 53.40 

Jan. 21,1930 55.85 

Feb. 20 64.15 

Mar. 24 59.35 

Apr. 18 68.65 

May 24 58.55 

June 21 51.95 

July 9 53.15 

Aug. 20 59.20 

Sept. 25 62.00 

Oct. 30 51.90 

Dec. 9 52.60 

Mar. 2,1931 48.50 

May 23 45.80 

July 24 43.30 

Aug. 26,1932 42.02 

Dec. 19 31.23 

Mar. 17,1933 32.20 

Sept. 15 26.55 

Mar. 9,1935 30.50 

July 28 29.35? 

Jan. 24,1936 32.74

N7-135. J. L. Bell, 2 

miles southwest of 

Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. 

Altitude 614.15 feet

Jan. 7,1930 26.05 

Feb. 19 26.60 

Mar. 17 26.35 

Apr. 16 26.45 

May 19 26.20 

June 16 25.90 

July 15 26.10 

Aug. 26 26.45 

Sept. 25 26.60 

Oct. 20 26.60 

Dec. 11 26.60 

Jan. 9,1931 26.45 

Feb. 7 26.25 

Mar. 4 26.25 

Apr. 25 26.40 

June 8 26.00 

July 2 25.95 

Oct. 3 26.05 

Nov. 6 26.35 

Dec. 4 26.30 

Jan. 7,1932 26.40 

Feb. 11 26.40 

Mar. 19 26.35 

June 30 27.00 

Aug. 29 26.73

N7-135 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 18,1933 26.25 

Sept. 20 27.10 

Aug. 27,1934 27.70 

Mar. 12,1935 29.90 

July 28 29.43 

Jan. 24,1936 30.30

N7-138. Owner unknown, 

1 mile east of Carrizo Springs. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

579.30 feet.

Oct. 24,1929 50.05 

Dec. 17 50.45 

Jan. 17,1930 50.95 

Feb. 21 58.80 

Mar. 18 58.70 

Apr. 21 58.60 

May 17 50.00 

June 17 47.50 

July 17 46.55 

Aug. 26 52.00 

Sept. 24 55.65 

Oct. 27 48.50 

Dec. 9 46.40 

Jan. 9,1931 50.20 

Feb. 5 43.85 

Mar. 6 43.85 

Apr. 29 44.60 

June 4 41.80 

24 43.00 

July 30 40.15 

Sept. 30 44.10 

Nov. 4 50.65 

Dec. 2 49.50 

.Jan. 5,1932 44.25 

Sept. 15, 1933 43.20 

Aug. 27,1934 46.30

N8-14. Mrs. C. Gray, 3 

miles south of 

Crystal City. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

550.09 feet.

Nov. 14,1929 61.30 

Dec. 4 64.20 

19 66.00 

Feb. 20,1930 91.50 

Mar. 25 85.80 

Apr. 19 79.40 

May 24 62.75 

June 20 51.10 

July 9 48.45 

Aug. 20 47.75 

Sept. 25 57.80 

Oct. 30 47.70 

Jan. 8,1931 65.65 

Feb. 4 45.10 

Mar. 2 35.25

c Pump stopped a short time before measurement, 

77056 O 36 13
190 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Dimmit County - Continued 

N8-14 - Continued N8-23 - Continued N8-26 - Continued

Date

Apr. 23,1931

May 23

June 24

July 24

Sept .28

Nov. 3

Dec. 1

Jan. 4,1932

Feb. 2

Mar. 17

Aug. 26

Dec. 19

Mar. 17,1933

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

40.20

29.80

24.00

18.55

20.85

61.00

61.00

54.00

54.00

53.10

33.85

17.11

Caved in.

N8-19. Owner unknown, 2 

miles southeast of 

Winter Haven. Measuring point, top of 

oil barrel. Altitude 602.60 feet.

Dec. 18,1929

Jan. 21,1930

Feb. 20

Mar. 24

Apr. 18

May 24

June 27

July 16

Aug. 20

Sept. 25

Oct. 30

Dec. 9

Jan. 8,1931

Feb. 4

Mar. 2

Apr. 23

May 23

June 24

July 8

24

Aug. 15

Sept. 28

Nov. 3

Dec. 1

Jan. 4,1932

Feb. 2

Mar. 17

Apr. 13

May 5

27

July 5

Aug. 26

Dec. 19

Mar. 17,1933

Sept. 15

94.50

92.70

106.20

107.10

111.20

93.80

80.00

78.50

82.05

89.75

78.00

77.00

88.60

75.35

68.15

77.20

65.30

63.30

60.98

58.08

56.75

61.48

87.89

102.80

87.98

88.80

82.13

92.45

87.06

81.40

79.00

77.10

87.01

71.25

Capped .

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 15,1929 73.65 

Dec. 18 80.75 

Jan. 21,1930 84.30 

Feb. 20 101.80 

Mar. 25 99.80 

Apr. 19 89.40 

May 24 79.40 

June 20 67.70 

July 17 62.10 

Aug. 20 63.25 

Sept. 25 72.20 

Oct. 30 64.^0 

Dec. 9 64.15 

Jan. 8,1931 80.15 

Feb. 4 61.25 

Mar. 2 51.20 

Apr. 23 54.90 

May 23 45.70 

June 24 40.30 

July 24 35.35 

Sept. 28 35.95 

Nov. 3 72.60 

Dec. 1 111.50 

Feb. 2,1932 84.50 

Mar. 17 69.40 

May 5 70.20 

Aug. 26 52.70 

Dec. 19 76.11 

Mar. 17,1933 53.30 

Sept. 15 42.40 

Aug. 29,1934 54.60 

Mar. 6,1935 100.52

N8-26. Chas. Dunn, 4 

miles southeast of 

Winter Haven. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. Altitude 548.80 feet

Nov. 19,1929 62.95 

Dec. 19 70.40 

Jan. 21,1930 73.40 

Feb. 20 85.00 

Mar. 25 93.75 

Apr. 19 86.80 

May 24 76.50 

July 17 60.10 

Aug. 20 59.90 

Sept. 25 67.55 

Oct. 30 63.60 

Dec. 9 54.60 

Jan. 8,1931 64.45 

Feb. 4 57.50 

Mar. 2 48.70 

Apr. 23 50.70 

May 23 43.50 

June 24 37.40 

July 24 33.20 

Sept. 28 30.80 

Nov. 3 50.70 

Dec. 1 82.20 

Jan. 4,1932 65.80 

Feb. 2 65.80 

Mar. 17 60.10 

May 5 (b)

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Aug. 26,1932 50.77 

Dec. 19 62.15 

Mar. 17,1933 47.70 

Sept. 15 (b) 

Aug. 29,1934 57.40 

Mar. 6,1935 80.30

N8-28. J. C. Brazil, 4 

miles southeast of 

Winter Haven. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp. Altitude 

548.51 feet.

Nov. 18,1929 64.80 

Dec. 19 72.35 

Jan. 21,1930 75.25 

Feb. 20 87.00 

Apr. 19 88.05 

May 24 78.20 

July 17 61.30 

Aug. 20 61.55 

Sept. 25 66.05 

Oct.. 30 64.90 

Dec. 9 55.85 

Jan. 8,1931 66.35 

Feb. 4 58.60 

Mar. 2 49.40 

Apr. 23 50.95 

May 23 43.80 

June 24 36.80 

July 24 32.35 

Sept. 28 30.00 

Nov. 3 50.90 

Dec. 1 82.80 

Jan. 4,1932 67.50 

Feb. 2 69.60 

.Mar. 18 60.15 

May 5 70.90 

Aug. 26 50.95 

Dec. 19 c 62.80 

Mar. 17,1933 46.55 

Sept. 15 46.75 

Aug. 29,1934 58.40 

Mar. 6,1935 82.46 

July 31 55.80 

Jan. 25,1936 56.12

N8-29. J. C. & 0. E. 

Bookant, 4£ miles 

southeast of Winter Haven. Measuring point, top of 

pump base, at surface. Altitude 

553.43 feet.

Nov. 15,1929 66.20 

Dec. 19 75.20 

Jan. 21,1930 78.20 

Feb. 20 91.10 

Mar. 25 97.75 

Apr. 19 89.00 

May 24 79.30

N8-23. L. Sparks, 4 miles 

east of Winter 

Haven. Measuring 

point, top of curb, 

4 feet above surface. Altitude 

562.64 feet.

Pumping at time of measurement.

Pump stopped a short time before measurement.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Dimmit County - Continued 

N8-29 - Continued N8-40 - Continued N8-47 - Continued

191

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 20,1930 68.70 

July 17 62.00 

Sept. 25 68.30 

Oct. SO 65.65 

Dec. 9 58.75 

Jan. 9,1931 70.65 

Feb. 4 60.50 

Mar. 2 51.10 

Apr. 23 52.40 

May 23 45.60 

June 24 39.25 

July 24 34.80 

Sept. 28 33.80 

Nov. 3 57.85 

Dec. 1 93.15 

Jan. 4,1932 70.00 

Feb. 2 75.35 

Mar. 17 . 63.90 

May 5 67.75 

Aug. 26 51.75 

Dec. 19 68.45 

Mar. 17,1933 50.20 

Sept. 15 41.50 

Aug. 29,1934 56.95 

July 30,1935 55.55 

Jan. 25,1936 58.80

N8-40. M. V. Kerley, 3 

miles northeast of 

Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

3 feet above surface, inside woodei 

box. Altitude 

557.59 feet.

Dec. 5,1929 51.50 

19 43.65 

Jan. 21,1930 51.90 

Feb. 20 75.70 

Mar. 24 a 58.90 

Apr. 18 a 84.20 

May 24 54.35 

June 21 34.50 

July 16 a 41.00 

Aug. 20 55.50 

Sept. 25 68.00 

Oct. 30 31.70 

Dec. 9 37.00 

Jan. 8,1931 53.00 

Feb. 4 26.85 

Mar. 2 25.40 

Apr. 23 33.30 

May 23 22.85 

June 24 32.60 

July 24 19.45 

Sept. 28 37.70 

Nov. 3 72.60 

Dec. 1 47.75 

Jan. 4,1932 32.80 

Feb. 2 42.05 

Mar. 17 35.75 

July 5 38.54 

Aug. 26 46.95 

Dec. 19 33.80

a Pump running in

Depth Depth 

Date to water Date to water 

(feet) (feet)

Mar. 17,1933 26.30 Sept. 24,1930 99.50 

Sept. 15 45.45 Oct. 27 85.85 

Mar. 6,1935 47.50 Dec. 9 85.55 

July 30 33.30 Jan. 9,1931 a 92.75 

Jan. 24,1936 41.40 Feb. 5 77.00 

Mar. 6 78.50

Apr. 29 78.40 

N8-45. R. S. McEachem, June 4 72.20 

2 miles east of Car- 24 75.60 

rizo Springs. Meas- July 30 70.20 

uring point, top of Sept. 30 77.80 

discharge pipe. Al- Nov. 4 91.10 

titude 592.90 feet. Dec. 2 88.75 

Jan. 5,1932 79.00

Feb. 3 82.50 

Jan. 28,1928 74.60 Mar. 20 83.10 

Oct. 9,1929 88.00 July 1 88.67 

Nov. 18 90.70 Aug. 27 88.05 

Dec. 17 85.95 Dec. 28 79.42 

Jan. 17,1930 90.60 Mar. 18,1933 74.70 

Feb. 21 a 107.40 Sept. 16 85.50 

Mar. 18 a 102.65 Mar. 14,1935 90.35 

June 17 78.20 July 30 82.10 

July 17 a 83.20 Jan. 26,1936 82.50 

Aug. 26 90.55

Sept. 24 94.30 

Oct. 27 79.55 N8-50. R. H. Price, 3 

Dec. 9 a 77.60 miles east of CarJan. 9,1931 a 87.50 rizo Springs. 

Feb. 5 70.40 Measuring point, top 

Mar. 6 72.00 of casing. Altitude 

Apr. 29 71.65 564.80 feet. 

June 4 65.00

i 24 69.20 . . . 

July 30 63.25 Oct. 14,1929 74.30 

Sept .30 71.50 Nov. 18 73.55 

Nov. 4 86.80 Dec. 17 73.40 

Dec. 2 83.30 Jan. 17,1930 74.00 

Jan. 5,1932 72.00 Feb. 21 82.00 

Feb. 3 76.45 Mar. 18 a 83.45 

Mar. 20 75.60 Apr. 21 82.20 

July 1 80.95 May 17 75.80 

Aug. 27 80.00 June 17 71.15 

Mar. 18,1933 67.65 July 17 68.90 

Sept. 16 78.20 Aug. 26 71.60 

Sept. 24 73.35

Oct. 27 70.10 

N8-47. C. W. Miller, 2 Dec. 9 64.70 

miles east of Car- Jan. 9,1931 67.40 

rizo Springs. Meas- Feb. 5 61.40 

uring point, top of Mar. 5 58.10 

casing. Altitude Apr. 29 61.00 

602.25 feet. June 4 53,55 

24 53.05

July 30 48.70 

Oct. 12,1929 98.20 Sept. 30 54.65 

Nov. 18 86.40 July 1,1932 64.90 

Dec. 5 88.90 Aug. 27 67.33 

17 91.40 Dec. 22 60.64 

Jan. 17,1930 96.90 Mar. 18,1933 55.90 

Feb. 21 .a 112.70 Sept. 16 59.25 

Mar. 18 107.00 Aug. 28,1934 67.95 

Apr. 21 a 109.90

May 17 89.80 " 

June 17 84.35 N8-56. G. & C. Hagelstein, 

July 17 a 87.45 4j miles northeast of 

Aug. 26 95.75 Carrizo Springs. 

nearby well. Measuring point, top
192 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Dimmlt County - Continued

N8-56 - Continued N8-70 - Continued N8-73 - Continued

01 casing. Aj.-&i-Guae 

533,75 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 14,1929 59.40 

Nov. 18 a 59.95 

Dec. 17 62.50 

Jan. 17,1930 66.40 

Feb. 21 81.95 

Mar. 18 87.90 

Apr. 21 85.90 

May 17 71.75 

June 17 59.10 

July 17 55.10 

Aug. 26 59.40 

Sept. 24 a 67.65 

Oct. 27 58.05 

Dec. 9 45.90 

Jan. 9,1931 a 56.65 

Feb. 5 44.50 

Mar. 5 58.50 

Apr. 29 41.05 

July 1,1932 49.15

N8-58. G. & C. Hagelstein, 6 miles 

northeast of Carrizo Springs. Measuring point, top of 

concrete curb, 1 

foot above surface. 

Altitude 526.80 

feet.

Oct. 16,1929 46.70 

Nov. 18 48.30 

Dec. 17 55.25 

Jan. 17,1930 58.80 

Feb. 21 71.70 

Mar. 18 81.15 

Apr. 21 75.70 

May 17 64.50 

June 17 52.65 

July 17 46.20 

Aug. 26 48.90 

Sept. 24 55.95 

Sept. 30, 1931 18.90 

Nov. 4 35.80 

Dec. 2 59.45 

Jan. 5,1932 46.95 

Feb. 3 51.50 

Mar. 20 42.75 

July 1 40.50 

Aug. 27 38.90 

Dec. 22 42.02 

Mar. 18,1935 29.55 

Aug. 28,1934 48.05 

Mar. 14,1935 57.95 

Jan. 26.1936 37.50

N8-70. G. & C. Hagel- 

 stein, 5 miles east 

of Carrlzo Springs.

Nov. 29,1929 58.00 

Dec. 5 58.75

a Pump running In 

b Pumping at time 

c Pump stopped a s

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 17,1929 62.55 

Jan. 17,1930 66.00 

Feb. 21 78.45 

Mar. 18 84.60 

Apr. 21 82.25 

May 17 68.10 

June 21 55.60 

July 17 53.60 

Aug. 26 57.80 

Sept. 24 66.10 

July 1,1932 47.85

N8-71. S. M. Owens, 5 

miles southwest of 

Brundage. Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 524.10 feet.

Nov. 29,1929 52.90 

Dec. 17 57.35 

Jan. 17,1930 61.55 

Feb. 21 74.95 

Mar. 18 82.70 

Apr. 21 79.50 

May 17 66.25 

June 17 54.10 

July 17 47.40 

Sept. 24 61.00 

Jan. 9,1931 49.00 

Feb. 5 59.25 . 

Mar. 6 52.95 

Apr. 29 56.15 

June 4 26.40 

24 25.70 

July 50 19.45 

Sept. 30 20.80 

Nov. 4 38.20 

Dec. 2 58.95 

Jan. 5,1932 46.80 

Feb. 5 55.25 

Mar. 20 42.45 

July 1 41.60 

Aug. 27 40.08 

Dec. 22 40.54 

Mar. 18,1933 29.45 

Sept. 16 28.60 

Aug. 28,1934 49.10 

Mar. 14,1935 56.44 

July 30 40.25 

Jan. 26,1936 36.12

N8-73. C. W. Wheeler, 2 

miles southwest of 

Brundage . Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp. Altitude 505.00 feet.

Oct. 21,1929 31.45 

Nov. 18 55.00 

Dec. 24 38.30 

Jan. 21,1930 44.05

nearby well, 

of measurement, 

hort time before measurei

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Feb. 18,1930 57.45 

Mar. 19 61.80 

Apr. 17 60.00 

May 16 53.00 

June 17 39.25 

July 14 c 38.10 

Aug. 22 40.25 

Sept. 23 c 51.40 

Dec. 10 27.60 

Feb. 9,1931 c 24.00 

Mar. 3 19.80 

Apr. 24 23.20 

June 4 15.75 

26 15.65 

July 27 7.60 

Sept. 29 10.70 

Dec. 2 41.55 

Jan. 11,1952 51.90 

Feb. 4 45.05 

Mar. 22 51.05 

May 6 36.20 

July 5 25.80 

Aug. 27 c 23.20 

Dec. 20 24.46 

Mar. 21,1933 19.89 

Sept. 18 15.60

N8-103. Nueces Land & Irrigation Co., 4 miles 

southwest of Brundage 

Measuring point, top 

of pump base. Altitude 501.60 feet.

Nov. 26,1929 40.25 

Dec. 24 42.00 

Jan. 21,1930 51.05 

Mar. 20 66.35 

Apr. 17 71.50 

June 17 41.15 

July 14 (b) 

Aug. 22 (b) 

Sept. 23 (b) 

Dec. 10 56.80 

Feb. 9,1951 26.20 

Mar. 5 22.10 

Apr. 24 27.00 

June 4 16.55 

26 (b) 

July 27 10.10 

Sept. 29 12.00 

Dec. 5 (b) 

Jan. 11,1952 (b) 

Feb. 4 53.10 

Mar. 27 (b) 

May 6 41.20 

July 5 27.38 

Aug. 27 25.48 

Dec. 20 23.67 

July 50,1935 25.15

N9-5. P. C. Levering, 3 

miles northeast of 

Brundage . Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 575.73 feet, 

nent
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 193

Water levels In wells In Dimmlt County - Continued

N9-5 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 29,1929 89.65 

Dec. 17 91.80 

Jan. 17,1930 (b) 

Feb. 21 (b) 

Mar. 20 108.10 

Apr. 21 (b) 

May 17 102.00 

June 21 94.70 

July 17 (b) 

Aug. 26 (b) 

Dec. 12 (b) 

Feb. 5,1931 83.10 

Mar. 5 (b) 

Apr. 5 80.00 

June 4 74.60 

24 b) 

July. 28 b) 

Sept. 30 b) 

Dec. 2 b) 

Jan. 5,1932 (b) 

Feb. 3 (b) 

Mar. 29 (b)

N9-8. T. S. Buchanan, 

1^- miles north of 

Big Wells. Measuring point, top of 

casing, at surface. 

Altitude 537.30 

feet.

Nov. 30,1929 54.05 

Dec. 17 54.35 

Jan. 17,1930 55.40 

Feb. 24 60.85 

Apr. 22 74.70 

May 21 58.35 

June 21 54.00 

July 18 52.30 

Aug. 23 54.45 

Sept. 24 (b) 

Oct. 31 50.60 

Dec. 12 49.40 

Jan. 13,1931 51.80 

Feb. 5 45.60 

Mar. 5 47.45 

Apr. 29 42.10 

May 27 42.30 

June 24 42.10 

July 28 38.40 

Sept. 30 (b) 

Nov. 4 50.35 

Dec. 2 49.10 

Jan. 12,1932 (b) 

Feb. 3 52.30 

Mar. 29 51.60 

July 2 49.80 

Aug. 27 48.30 

Dec. 22 50.90 

Mar. 23,1935 (b) 

Sept. 19 45.30

N9-12. R. J. Rothe, 1 

mile west of Big 

Wells. Measuring 

point, bottom of 

hole in wood cover. 

Altitude 494.79 

feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 18,1929 18.60 

Nov. 18 21.70 

Dec. 5 20.50 

17 21.35 

Jan. 17,1930 22.50 

Feb. 24 31.50 

Mar. 20 30.50 

Apr. 21 36.00 

May 21 29.65 

June 21 18.90 

July 17 18.80 

Aug. 26 19.80 

Sept. 24 24.80 

Oct. 27 16.85 

31 16.65 

Dec. 12 18.90 

Jan. 9,1931 22.40 

Feb. 5 11.80 

Mar. 5 17.50 

Apr. 29 12.65 

May 27 8.05 

June 24 10.80 

July 28 7.80 

Sept. 30 8.90 

Nov. 4 16.75 

Dec. 2 17.80 

Jan. 5,1932 13.85 

Feb. 3 13.80 

Mar. 29 23.30 

July 2 15.44 

Aug. 27 14.95 

Dec. 22 15.40 

Mar. 23,1933 24.10 

Sept .19 13.20 

Aug. 28,1934 29.85 

Mar. 14,1935 28.14 

July 30 17.70 

Jan. 27,1936 25.85

N9-16. R. B. White Co., 

1^ miles east of 

Big Wells. Measuring point, top of 

railroad rail. Altitude 552.05 feet.

Nov. 18,1929 75.00 

Dec. 17 68.25 

Jan. 17,1930 (b) 

Feb. 24 73.55 

Apr. 22 (b) 

May 21 72.15 

June 21 67.75 

July 18 66.40 

Aug. 23 (b) 

Sept. 24 (b)

b Pumping at time of measurement. 

c Pump stopped a short time before measureme

N9-16 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 31,1930 64.75 

Dec. 12 (b) 

Jan. 13,1931 64.65 

Feb. 5 60.90 

Mar. 5 60.30 

Apr. 30 61.10 

May 27 57.65 

June 25 57.70 

July 28 54.80 

Oct. 5 (b) 

Dec. 5 62.75 

Jan. 12,1932 (b) 

Feb. 12 (b) 

Mar. 24 (b) 

July 2 64.70 

Aug. 27 62.80 

Dec. 22 67.35 

Mar. 23,1933 (b) 

Sept. 19 (b) 

July 30,1935 67.00

N9-25. South Texas 

Estates, 4 miles 

southeast of Brundage. Measuring 

point, top of casing. Altitude 

488.40 feet.

Nov. 29,1929 18.70 

Dec. 17 21.95 

Jan. 17,1930 22.85 

Feb. 21 31.95 

Mar. 20 36.65 

Apr. 21 38.15 

May 17 29.80 

June 21 20.45 

July 10 18.15 

Aug. 23 18.30 

Sept. 24 24.30 

Oct. 31 16.65 

Dec. 12 12.75 

Jan. 9,1931 17.00 

Feb. 5 9.40 

Mar. 6 7.20 

Apr. 30 8.40 

May 27 3.85 

June 24 4.45 

July 2,1932 13.60 

Aug. 27 12.65 

Dec. 22 12.03 

Sept. 19, 1933 4.50 

Mar. 14,5.935 23.98 

July 30 12.80 

Jan. 27,1936 21.30

N9-32. Owner unknown, 2-J 

miles south of Big 

Wells. Measuring 

point, top of casing. Altitude 

499.20 feet.

nt.
194 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Dimmlt County - Continued 

H9-32 - Continued H9-39 - Continued 07-3 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 3,1929 22.85 

17 23.50 

Jan. 17,1930 23.10 

Feb. 24 26.80 

Apr. 21 39.55 

May 21 ' 32.60 

June 21 27.35 

July 18 28.20 

Aug. 23 29.25 

Sept. 24 c 32.15 

Oct. 31 28.50 

Dec. 12 a 25.25 

Jan. 13,1931 26.25 

Feb. 5 22.00 

Apr. 29 21.35 

May 27 19.30 

June 24 19.30 

July 28 15.50 

Sept. 30 16.40 

Dec. 5 25.55 

Jan. 12,1932 20.90 

Feb. 12 25.15 

Mar. 20 26.60 

July 2 24.80 

Aug. 27 24.38 

Dec. 22 26.83 

Mar. 23,1933 24.50 

Sept. 19 (b)

H9-39. Vincent & Gray, 

4 miles south of 

Big Wells. Measuring point, Inside of T on discharge pipe. 

Altitude 494.85 

feet.

Jan. 31,1928 d 16.2 

Sept... d 15.3 

May 13,1929 d 32.5 

24 d 31.2 

June 1 d 30.0 

10 d 28.0 

July 9 d 25.0 

Sept. 22 d 21.0 

Jan. 16,1930 26.15 

Feb. 24 33.00 

Apr. 21 39.55 

May 21 (b) 

June 21 26.40 

July 18 24.60 

Aug. 23 23.50 

Sept. 24 (b) 

Oct. 31 (b) 

Dec. 12 ' (b) 

Jan. 13,1931 22.20 

Feb. 5 18.65 

Mar. 5 (b) 

Apr. 29 20.10 

June 24 17.00 

July 28 13.10 

Sept. 30 (b) 

Dec. 5 19.86

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 12,1932 (b) 

Feb. 12 (b) 

Mar. 29 19.00 

July 2 21.40 

Aug. 27 19.83 

Mar. 23,1933 (b)

H9-43. R. D. Buchanan, 

5^ miles southeast 

of Big Wells. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, at 

surface. Altitude 

504.05 feet.

Jan. 3,1930 27.00 

Feb. 24 30.20 

Apr. 22 32.00 

May 21 30.60 

June 26 27.75 

July 18 26.50 

Aug. 23 26.30 

Sept. 24 28.25 

Oct. 31 25.90 

Dec. 12 24.20 

Jan. 13,1931 24.85 

Feb. 5 23.15 

Mar. 6 21.50 

Apr. 30 23.30 

May 27 20.80 

June 25 21.30 

July 28 17.75 

Oct. 5 20.35 

Dec. 5 21.70 

Jan. 12,1932 19.55 

Feb. 12 20.60 

Mar. 24 20.40 

July 2 25.20 

Aug. 27 24.17 

Dec. 22 22.15 

Mar. 23,1933 21.05 

Sept. 16 22.05 

Aug. 28,1934 34.25 

Mar. 14,1935 29.80 

July 30 26.60 

Jan. 27,1936 32.20

07-3. Wlmar-Rlchardson, 

9 miles northwest 

of Big Wells. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

604.65 feet.

Nov. 18,1929 96.60 

Oct. 17 94.55 

Jan. 17,1930 95.50 

Feb. 24 94.95 

Apr. 22 96.55 

May 21 96.90 

June 26 96.65 

July 18 96.15

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Aug. 23,1930 95.70 

Sept. 24 95.65 

Oct. 31 96.00 

Dec. 12 94.90 

Jan. 13,1931 94.70 

Feb. 5 94.00 

Mar. 5 93.30 

Apr. 30 93.45 

May 27 92.85 

June 25 92.25 

July 28 91.55 

Oct. 5 90.60 

Dec. 5 91.50 

Jan. 12,1932 91.20 

Feb. 12 91.60 

Mar. 24 91.90 

July 2 93.24 

Aug. 27 93.43 

Dec. 22 92.75 

Mar. 23,1933 92.40 

Sept. 16 92.75 

Aug. 28,1934 99.75 

July 30,1935 98.80

Sl-1. Carl Johnson, 5j 

miles southwest of 

Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of bent casing. 

Altitude 743.55 feet

Jan. 9,1930 101.60 

Mar. 17 101.25 

Apr. 16 101.35 

May 19 101.60 

June 17 101.35 

Oct. 20 101,55 

Dec. 11 101.65 

Jan. 9,1931 101.70 

Feb, 7 101.60 

Apr. 25 101.70 

June 8 101.65 

July 2 101.70 

Nov. 6 102.00 

Dec. 4 101.95 

Jan. 7,1932 102.00 

Feb. 11 102.00 

Mar. 19 102.05 

June 30 101.90 

Aug. 29 102.02 

Mar. 18,1933 101.95 

Sept. 20 102.20 

Aug. 27,1934 102.10

SI-11. C. T. Llndenborn, 

3 miles southwest of 

Carrizo Springs. 

Measuring point, top 

of 4 by 4 in. pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

654.40 feet.

Pump running In nearby well.

Pumping at time of measurement.

Pump stopped a short time before measurement.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 195

Water levels In wells In Dlmmlt County - Continued

SI-11 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 7,1930 45.20 

Feb. 19 (b) 

Mar. 17 (b) 

Apr. 16 45.00 

May 19 45.05 

June 17 44.90 

July 15 c 45.05 

Aug. 26 45.20 

Sept. 25 45.75 

Oct. 20 45.25 

Dec. 11 c 45.70 

Jan. 9,1931 45.70 

Feb. 7 45.60 

Mar. 4 45.50 

Apr. 25 45.75 

June 8 45.65 

July 2 45.65 

Oct. 3 45.40 

Nov. 6 45.65 

Mar. 18,1932 45.15 

June 30 45.88 

Aug. 29 c 46.08 

Mar. 18,1933 45.00 

Sept. 20 45.05

SI-15. South Texas Winter Gardens, Inc., 

6 miles southwest 

of Carrlzo Springs 

Measuring point, 

top of pump base.

Apr. 1,1930 53.40 

May 19 53.70 

July 15 53.70 

Aug. 26 53.80 

Sept. 25 53.65 

Oct. 20 53.95 

Dec. 11 53.70 

Jan. 9,1931 53.90 

Feb. 7 53.75 

Mar. 4 53.65 

Apr. 25 53.65 

June 8 53.75 

July 2 53.85 

Oct. 3 53.80 

Nov. 6 54.10 

Dec. 4 53.90 

Jan. 7,1932 54.20 

Feb. 11 53.95 

Mar. 18 53.90 

June 30 54.15 

Aug. 29 54.15 

Dea. 22 53.96 

Mar. 18,1933 53.90 

Sept. 20 54.50 

Aug. 27,1934 54.80

SI-16. C. W. Oilfiller 

& Son, 4j miles 

southwest of Carrlzo Springs. 

Measuring point, 

top of pump base.

b Pumping at time i 

c Pump stopped a si

SI-16 - Continued S2-24. L. V. Richardson, 5^ miles 

Altitude 670.20 southeast of Carfeet, rizo Springs. 

Measuring point,

Depth top of pump base. 

Date to water Altitude 583.70 

(feet) feet.

Mar. 1,1930 55.90 Depth 

June 13 56.00 Date to water 

July 15 56.00 (feet)

Aug. 26 56.10 

Sept. 25 56.20 Nov. 1,1928 138 

Oct. 20 56.25 15 140 

Mar. 4,1931 56.35 July 14,1930 107.15 

Apr. 25 56.50 Aug. 22 (b) 

June 8 (b) Sept.23 (b) 

July 2 56.50 Oct. 31 108.62 

Oct. 3 56.60 Dec. 10 98.40 

Nov. 6 56.90 Jan. 15,1931 108.60 

Dec. 4 56.65 Feb. 9 93.40 

Jan. 7,1932 56.75 Mar. 3 89.00 

Feb. 11 56.85 Apr. 24 103.90 

Mar. 18 57.00 May 26 86.40 

June 30 57.05 June 26 80.55 

Aug. 29 57.15 July 27 (b) 

Dec. 22 56.25 Sept. 29 (b) 

Mar. 18,1933 56.40 Dec. 3 111.15 

Sept. 20 56.90 Jan. 6,1932 96.40 

Mar. 12,1935 57.80 Feb. 4 (b) 

July 28 57.90 Mar. 22 (b) 

Jan. 24,1936 57.75 May 6 108.10 

July 3 99.40

Aug. 29 101.00 

. SI-18. South Texas Win- Dec. 20 95.50 

ter Gardens, Inc., Mar. 21,1933 (b) 

3$ miles southwest Sept. 18 94.65 

of Carrizo Springs. July 29,1935 93.35 

Measuring point, Jan. 23,1936 92.98 

top of casing. Altitude 706.10 feet. 

S2-27. J. A. McDonald,

3£ miles northeast 

Mar. 18,1930 101.00 of Asherton. MeasMay 19 103.80 uring point, top 

June 16 103.60 of pump base. AlJuly 15 103.60 titude 529.35 feet 

Aug. 26 103.85

Sept. 26 104.00 

Oct. 20 104.00 Nov. 26,1929 76.20 

Dec. 11 104.00 Dec. 24 77.45 

Jan. 9,1931 104.40 Jan. 15,1930 82.40 

Feb. 7 103.90 Feb. 18 90.40 

Mar. 4 103.80 Mar. 20 101.70 

Apr. 25 104.20 Apr. 17 99.10 

June 8 103.80 May 16 87.45 

July 2 103.90 June 18 72.10 

Oct. 3 103.70 July 14 66.15 

Nov. 6 104.15 Aug. 22 (b) 

Dee. 4 104.15 Sept.23 80.55 

Jan. 7,1932 104.25 Dec. 10 60.40 

Feb. 11 104.30 Feb. 9,1931 57.10 

Mar. 18 104.20 Mar. 3 50.60 

June 30 104.21 Apr. 24 61.10 

Aug. 29 104.53 June 4 47.70

Dee. 22 104.03 26 45.90 

Sept. 20, 1933 104.45 July 27 40.00 

Aug. 27,1934 105.10 Sept .29 40.60 

Mar. 12,1935 105.55 Dec. 3 67.45 

July 28 105.25 Jan. 11 1932 55.10 

Jan. 24,1936 105.42 Feb. 4 62.35 

Mar. 22 57.60

af measurement. 

iort time before measurement.
196 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Dinnnit County - Continued 

32-27 - Continued 32-77 - Continued 32-86 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 6,1932 68.90 

July 5 57.30 

Aug. 30 57.10 

Dec. 20 53.20 

Mar. 21,1933 48.00 

Sept. 18 46.00 

Mar. 11,1935 57.55 

July 30 52.40 

Jan. 23,1936 50.45

32-29. E. W. Tackett, 

4 miles northwest 

of Asherton. Measuring point, top 

of concrete curb. 

Altitude 591.95 

feet.

Oct. 2,1929 87.80 

Dec. 17 84.50 

Feb. 18,1930 92.4 

Apr. 17 (b) 

May 16 89.00 

July 14 74.60 

Aug. 22 82.45 

Sept. 23 (b) 

Dec. 10 72.75 

Jan. 15,1931 79.70 

Feb. 9 68.40 

Mar. 3 64.30 

Apr. 24 75.70 

May 26 62.50 

June 26 59.65 

July 27 54.75 

Sept. 29 60.90 

Dec. 3 78.10 

Jan. 6,1932 68.75 

Feb. 4 71.25 

Mar. 22 70.95 

May 6 78.25 

July 3 73.90 

Aug. 29 73.90 

Dec. 20 70.05 

Mar. 21,1933 63.60 

Sept. 18 68.00 

Mar. 10,1935 70.10 

July 29 68.20 

Jan. 23,1936 65.48

32-77. Dr. Nueck, 2£ 

miles northeast of 

Asherton. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

522.30 feet.

Dec. 14,1929 72.55 

Jan. 15,1930 77.20 

Feb. 18 85.85 

Mar. 20 95.95 

Apr. 17 (b) 

May 16 79.55 

b Pumping at time o

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 18,1930 62.90 

July 14 58.30 

Aug. 22 (b) 

Sept. 23 (b) 

Dec. 3,1931 59.45 

Jan. 11,1932 (b) 

Feb. 4 (b) 

Mar. 22 (b) 

May 6 60.95 

July 5 48.00 

Aug. 30 49.23 

Dec. 20 45.76 

Mar. 21,1933 (b) 

Sept. 18 38.40

32-78. J. W. Robinson, 

2-J miles southwest 

of Asherton. Measuring point, top 

of pump base. Altitude 637.05 feet.

Dec. 7,1929 191.25 

Jan. 15,1930 201.40 

Feb. 18 (b) 

Mar. 19 211.20 

Apr. 17 216.65 

May 16 194.10 

June 18 187.20 

July 14 175.15 

Aug. 22 173.40 

Sept. 23 191.60 

Oct. 31 174.00 

Dec. 10 174.20 

Jan. 15,1931 181.95 

Feb. 9 163.75 

Apr. 24 176.20 

May 26 158.15 

June 26 151.90 

July 27 146.85 

Sept. 29 149.80 

Dec. 3 171.05 

Jan. 6,1932 162.75 

Feb. 4 166.10 

Mar. 22 (b) 

May 6 173.85 

July 3 168.25 

Aug. 30 163.68 

Dec. 20 158.80 

Mar. 21,1933 160.05 

Sept. 18 153.50 

Mar. 10,1935 162.75 

July 29 153.65 

Jan. 23,1936 154.45

S2-86. E. Hess, 4 miles 

southeast of Asherton. Measuring 

point, top of pump 

base. Altitude 

615.66 feet.

f measurement.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 1,1928 & 133 

15 e 137 

July 14,1930 149.80 

Aug. 22 150.90 

Sept .23 (b) 

Oct. 31 150.28 

Dec. 10 146.00 

Jan. 15,1931 155.70 

Feb. 9 141.60 

Mar. 3 (b) 

Apr. 24 149.70 

May 26 (b) 

June 26 131.00 

July 27 126.15 

Sept. 29 126.70 

Dec. 3 143.80 

Jan. 11,1932 136.90 

Feb. 4 (b) 

Mar. 22 146.00 

May 6 149.30 

July 3 143.70 

Aug. 30 141.80 

Dec. 20 135.10 

Mar. 21,1933 (b) 

Sept. 18 129.60 

Mar. 10,1935 134.00 

July 29 130.20 

Jan. 23,1936 131.30

S2-90. R. E. Brooks, 6 

miles east of Asherton. Measuring 

point, top of pump 

base. Altitude 

569.70 feet.

Dec. 14,1929 128.50 

Jan. 15,1930 122.40 

Feb. 18 c 131.05 

Mar. 20 138.15 

Apr. 17 (b) 

May 16 128.70 

June 18 . 128 + 

July 14 109.80 

Aug. 22 109.40 

Sept. 23 116.70 

Dec. 10 105.00 

Feb. 9,1931 103.00 

Mar. 3 95.85 

Apr. 24 107.20 

June 4 94.00 

26 90.60 

July 27 86.95 

Sept. 29 85.35 

Dec. 3 103.56 

Jan. 11,1932 96.85 

Feb. 4 99.40 

Mar. 22 98.60 

May 6 108.60 

July 5 101.90 

Aug. 30 100.20 

Dec. 20 96.30 

Mar. 21,1933 91.50 

Sept. 18 91.60

Pump stopped a short time before measurement. 

Measurement made by Central Power & Light Co.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 197

Water levels In wells In Dlmmit County - Continued

S2-91. L. Zounhecker, 

5 miles south of 

Asherton. Measuring point, top 

of concrete curb. 

Altitude 651.45 

feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 13,1929 153.90 

Jan. 15,1930 154.50 

Feb. 18 155.80 

Mar. 19 157.20 

Apr. 17 156.70 

May 16 156.15 

June 18 154.70 

July 14 154.15 

Aug. 22 153.50 

July 3,1932 142.00 

Aug. 30 141.00 

Dec. 20 141.00 

Sept. 18, 1933 (f) 

Mar. 10,1935 139.85 

July 29 139.60 

Jan. 23,1936 138.50

S2-94. A. J. Prey, 9 

miles west of 

Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 694.60 feet.

Dec. 10,1929 191.20 

Jan. 15,1930 192.50 

Feb. 18 192.20 

Mar. 19 192.90 

Apr. 17 192.10 

May 16 191.60 

June 19 190.10 

July 14 190.00 

Aug. 22 190.30 

Sept. 23 192.80 

Oct. 31 192.55 

Dec. 10 189.20 

Jan. 15,1931 190.40 

Feb. 9 188.85 

Mar. 3 187.60 

Jan. 11,1932 194.20 

Feb. 4 191.10 

Mar. 22 183.00 

May 6 188.10 

July 3 182.40 

Aug. 30 c 183.50 

Dec. 20 177.80 

Mar. 21,1933 c 177.40 

Sept. 18 175.00 

Mar. 10,1935 173.45 

July 29 174.70 

Jan. 23,1936 172.85

S2-102. J. P. Giles, 4 

miles northwest of 

Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 582.95 feet.

S2-102 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 25,1929 110.80 

Nov. 19 120.90 

Dec. 17 126 + 

Jan. 15,1930 (b) 

Feb. 18 141.80 

Mar. 19 149.50 

Apr. 17 (b) 

May 16 134.60 

June 19 124.80 

July 14 120.60 

Aug. 22 (b) 

Sept. 23 126.80 

Oct. 31 119.85 

Dec. 10 (b) 

Feb. 9,1931 113.10 

Mar. 3 117.40 

Apr. 24 121.20 

June 4 (b) 

26 104.75 

July 27 100.50 

Sept .29 99.85 

Dec. 3 (b) 

Jan. 11,1932 106.10 

Feb. 4 (b) 

Mar. 22 116.35 

May 6 120.00 

July 5 117.75 

Aug. 30 114.90 

Dec. 20 107.25 

Mar. 21,1933 101.00 

Sept. 18 101.00 

Mar. 11,1935 107.45 

July 29 103.00 

Jan. 23,1936 107.60

S3-8. A. W. Fowler, 3 

miles north of 

Catarina. Measuring 'point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 589.65 feet.

Nov. 19,1929 146.30 

Dec. 17 139.70 

Jan. 15,1930 143.80 

Feb. 18 (b) 

Mar. 19 152.30 

Apr. 17 156.10 

May 16 144.80 

June 19 134.30 

July 14 130.40 

Aug. 22 130.45 

Sept. 23 135.15 

Dec. 10 131.25 

Feb. 9,1931 124.10 

Mar. 3 122 ,.85 

Apr. 24 139.10 

June 4 118.75 

26 114.60 

Sept. 29 109.70 

July 5,1932 Sealed.

53-10. G. W. Taggert, 

4J- miles northeast 

of Catarina. Measuring point, top 

of casing. Altitude 545.35 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 17,1929 84.00 

Jan. 15,1930 83.55 

Feb. 18 86.90 

Mar. 19 93.15 

Apr. 17 . (b) 

May 16 (b) 

June 19 83.80 

July 14 79.95 

Aug. 22 79.60 

Sept. 23 (b) 

Dec. 10 (b) 

Feb. 9,1931 74.80 

Mar. 3 71.60 

Apr. 24 (b) 

May 26 70.40 

June 26 68.60 

July 27 66.25 

Sept. 29 64.10 

Dec. 3 70.45 

Jan. 11,1932 68.35 

Feb. 4 68.40 

Mar. 22 68.40 

May 6 74.20 

July 5 73.30 

Aug. 30 72.25 

Dec. 20 68.20 

Mar. 21,1933 64.50

S5-3. Ingram & Eckler, 

6 miles east of 

Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 598.20 feet.

Dec. 10,1929 122.70 

Jan. 15,1930 127.40 

Feb. 18 129.90 

June 19 127.20 

July 14 123.70 

Aug. 22 118.75 

Sept. 23 119.25 

Oct. 31 118.40 

Dec. 10 114.80 

Jan. 15,1931 119.40 

Feb. 9 113.10 

Mar. 3 108.50 

Apr. 24 116.40 

May 26 110.00 

June 26 107.00 

July 27 101.35 

Sept. 29 -97.65 

Dec. 3 107.35 

Jan. 11,1932 103.15 

Feb. 4 104.40 

Mar. 22 105.15 

May 6 112.80 

July 3 111.50 

Aug. 30 110.85 

Dec. 20 104. 9'0

Pumping at time of measurement. 

c Pump stopped & short time before measurement, 

f Obstruction at depth of 138 feet.
198 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Dlmtnit County - Continued

S5-3 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 21,1933 98.50 

Sept. 18 98.50 

Mar. 10,1935 98.55 

July 29 99.10 

Jan. 23,1936 98.75

S5-5. Claude Lindley, 

13^ miles southwest 

of Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

pump base. Altitude 613.70 feet.

Dec. 10,1929 73.45 

Jan. 15,1930 73.15 

Feb. 18 74.70 

Mar. 19 75.20 

Apr. 17 76.60 

May 16 c 93.80 

June 19 75.60 

July 14 74.85 

Aug. 22 73.70 

Sept. 23 72.80 

Oct. 31 73.40 

Dec. 10 71.80 

Feb. 9,1931 71.15 

Mar. 3 70,40 

Apr. 24 69.85 

May 26 69.70 

June 26 69.20 

July 27 68.00 

Sept. 29 66.00 

Dec. 3 66.10 

Jan. 11,1932 66.00 

Feb. 4 66.40 

Aug. 30 68.20 

Dec. 20 66.60 

Mar. 21,1933 65.50 

Sept. 18 65.40

35-10. Watson, 5 

miles southwest of 

Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

concrete casing. 

Altitude 571.70 

feet.

Dec. 11,1929 86.40 

Jan. 15,1930 87.00 

Feb. 18 96.65 

Mar. 19 97.95 

Apr. 17 b 105.10 

May 16 101.40 

July 14 96.35 

Aug. 22 94.60 

Sept. 23 94.15 

Oct. 31 92.70 

Dec. 10 89.55 

Jan. 15,1951 91.75 

Feb. 9 c 89.35

S5-10 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 3,1931 86.25 

Apr. 24 89.90 

May 26 (b) 

June 26 84.15 

July 27 81.70 

Sept. 29 78.30 

Dec. 3 82.35 

Jan. 11,1932 81.20 

Feb. 4 80.50 

Mar. 22 80.40 

May 6 85.75 

July 3 86.25 

Aug. 30 c 86.00 

Dec. 20 80.14 

Mar. 21,1933 75.75 

Sept. 18 78.40 

July 29,1935 77.65 

Jan. 23,1936 77.40

S6-4. Ray, l£ miles 

southeast of 

Catarina. Measuring 

point, top of 'pump 

base. Altitude 

482.26 feet.

Nov. 1,1928 e 23 

15 e 30 

Jan. 15 24.65 

Feb. 18 (b) 

Mar. 19 37.20 

Apr. 17 38.80 

May 16 33.15 

June 19 24.90 

July 14 23.80 

Aug. 22 24.80 

Sept. 23 26.30 

Oct. 31 20.43 

Dec. 10 18.60 

Feb. 9,1931 16.70 

Mar. 3 14.00 

Apr. 24 20.80 

May 26 13.80 

June 26 12.00 

July 27 7.30 

Sept. 29 7.10 

Dec. 3 12.15 

Jan. 11,1932 9.60 

Feb. 4 11.60 

Mar. 22 13.15 

May 6 18.60 

July 3 17.75 

Aug. 30 14.75 

Dec. 20 8.38 

Mar. 21,1933 1.05 

Mar. 10,1935 10.10 

July 29 6.80 

Jan. 23,1936 10.50

S6-5. C. E. Lukar, 3£ 

miles southeast of 

Catarina. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Altitude 

531.05 feet.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 21,1929 50.48 

Nov. 4 g 50.48 

5 50.34 

20 50.61 

Dec. 26 49.51 

Jan. 15,1930 49.47 

29 49.72 

Feb. 18 49.71 

Mar. 19 50.40 

Apr. 17 50.37 

May 16 50.23 

June 19 49.44 

27 49.52 

July 11 49.33 

Aug. 22 49.12 

Sept. 23 49.12 

Mar. 3,1931 48.15 

Apr. 24 48.33 

May 26 64.00 

June 26 51.80 

July 27 b) 

Sept. 29 b) 

Dec. 3 b) 

Jan. 11,1932 b) 

Feb. 4 (b) 

Mar. 22 (b) 

July 3 54.30 

Mar. 21,1933 c 55.70 

Sept. 18 49.00?

Tl-5. Flecher, 2^ 

miles east of Valley 

Wells . Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

484.25 feet.

Jan. 6,1930 3.50 

Feb. 24 b 3.50 

Apr. 22 b 6.80 

May 21 b 6.90 

June 26 b 4.90 

July 18 b 4.05 

Aug. 23 4.30 

Sept. 24 4.85 

Oct. 31 c 3.80 

Dec. 12 2.95 

Jan. 13,1931 2.95 ' 

Feb. 5 1.65 

Mar. 5 Flow 

Apr. 30 1.75 

May 27 Flow 

June 25 do. 

July 28 do* 

Oct. 5 do. 

Dec. 5 do. 

Jan. 12,1932 do. 

Aug. 28,1934 7.50

b Pumping at time of measurement.

c Pump stopped a short time before measurement.

g Water-stage recorder installed on well.

e Measurement made by Central Power & Light Co.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels in wells in Duval County

199

55. L. N. Garcla, 3.7 

miles west of San 

Diego. Dug. Depth 

80 feet. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of curb.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 8,1931 75.00 

Aug. 22,1933 55.63 

Sept. 8 53.30 

26 50.39 

Oct. 11 49.67 

25 47.85 

Nov. 16 48.49 

Feb. 16,1934 51.72 

Dec. 11 59.21 

Apr. 12,1935 50.14 

Jan. 31,1936 41.40 

Feb. 18 41.65

59. Candeladlo Cuellar, 

6 miles west of San 

Diego. Drilled. 

Depth 150 feet. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1 foot 

above surface.

June 9,1931 65.00 

Aug. 22,1933 62.58 

Sept. 9 62.51 

25 62.20 

Oct. 11 61.77 

Nov. 16 61.74 

Dec. 11,1934 64.61 

Apr. 12,1935 65.12 

Jan. 31,1936 58.20 

Feb. 18 58.62

61. Jose M. Sepulylda. 

7 miles northwest 

of San Diego. Dug 

and drilled. Depth 

100± feet. Hand 

pump.

Sept.26,1933 47.46 

Oct. 11 46.10 

25 45.65 

Nov. 16 44.98 

Feb. 16,1934 45.49 

Dec. 11 52.61 

Apr. 12,1935 56.28 

Jan. 31,1936 32.52

68. Cantu estate, 9 

miles west of San 

Diego. Drilled. 

Depth 190 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1 foot 

above surface.

68 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 9,1931 80.00 

Aug. 22,1933 65.14 

Sept. 8 63.51 

26 64.45 

Oct. 11 63.85 

25 62.30 

Nov. 16 62.28 

Feb. 16,1934 61.37 

Dec. 11 64.00 

Apr. 12,1935 64.12 

Jan. 31,1936 57.25 

Feb. 28 57.34

69. Juan Peralez, 9 

miles west of San 

Diego. Drilled. 

Depth 140 ft. 

Hand pump.

Sept.26,1933 77.29 

Oct. 11 77.69 

25 77.28 

Feb. 16,1934 76.28 

Dec. 11 77.37 

Apr. 12,1935 77.33 

Jan. 31,1936 75.68 

Feb. 18 75.85

70. M. Cantu, 10.4 milea 

west of San Diego. 

Drilled. Depth 110 

feet. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1 

foot above surface.

June 9,1931 57.00 

Aug. 22,1933 50.18 

Sept. 8 48,99 

26 48.40 

Oct. 11 48.33 

25 48.20 

Feb. 16,1934 49.87 

Dec. 11 54.18 

Jan. 31,1936 46.90 

Feb. 18 46.95

71. Helena de Pena, 11.2 

miles west of San 

Diego. Dug. Depth 

110 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of curb, 2£ 

feet above surface.

June 9,1931 46.00 

Aug. 22,1933 42.77 

Sept. 8 40.58 

26 38.95 

Oct. 11 40.83 

25 39.65 

Nov. 16 40.55

71 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Feb. 16,1934 40.39 

Dec. 11 43.01 

Apr. 12,1935 47.56 

Jan. 31,1936 43.25 

Feb. 18 43.20

72. Ceclllo Valeric, 12 

miles west of San 

Diego. Dug. Hand 

lift. Depth 50 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of 4-in. casing, 1 foot above 

surface .

Apr. 2,1931 38.60 

Aug. 22,1933 39.41 

Sept. 8 39.22 

26 39.00 

Oct. 11 38.82 

25 38.76 

Nov. 16 38.65 

Feb. 16,1934 38.71 

Dec. 11 39.84 

Apr. 12,1935 40.08 

Jan. 31 38.55 

Feb. 18 38.50

73. Severe Ranjel, 11 

miles west of San 

Diego. Dug. Depth 

40 ft. Rope and 

bucket.

Sept.26,1933 ' 38.02 

Oct. 11 38.07 

25 38.02 

Nov. 16 37.41 

Feb. 16,1934 37.73 

Dec. 11 39.23 

Apr. 12,1935 38.90 

Jan. 31,1936 37.50 

Feb. 18 37.82

143. Salidonla Rulz, 

Benavides. Dug. 

Depth 40 ft. Rope 

and bucket. Measuring point, top 

of concrete curb, 

2 feet above surface.

Sept. 20, 1933 42.70 

Oct. 13 42.58 

26 42.93 

Nov. 17 42.68 

Feb. 5,1934 42.00 

Dec. 7 42.39 

Apr. 13,1935 42.58 

Jan. 31,1936 41.50 

Feb. 17 41.56
200 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells In Duval County - Continued

144. Pete Coronada,

Benavide s. Dug.

158 - Continued 183 - Continued

Depth 48 ft. Power 

lift.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept. 20, 1933 46.00 

Oct. 13 45.61 

26 45.47 

Nov. 17 45.30 

Pet. 5,1934 45.10 

Dec. 15 45.92 

Apr. 13,1935 46.15 

Jan. 31,1936 44.65

145. T. Ramirez, Benavide s. Dug. Depth 

48 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of pump clamp, 

6 in. above board 

cover.

Sept. 20, 1933 46.27 

Oct. 13 45.79 

26 45.41 

Feb. 5,1934 45.90 

17 45.90 

Dec. 15 46.66 

Apr. 13,1935 46.90 

Jan. 31,1936 44.20 

Feb. 17 44.36

157. Francisco Vaello, 

2-J miles southwest 

of Benavide s. 

Drilled. Depth 

140 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

pump clamp, 0.53 

ft. above top of 

casing.

Sept.27,1933 93.77 

Oct. 13 93.49 

Nov. 20 93.39 

Feb. 5,1934 93.69 

Dec. 17 94.03 

Apr. 13,1935 94.05 

Jan. 30,1936 92.50 

Feb. 17 92.63

158. Marco Gomez, 1 3/4 

miles southwest of 

Benavides. Drilled. 

Depth 132 ft. Hand 

pump. Measuring 

point, pump clamp, 

l£ feet above top 

of casing.

Sept.27,1933 96.95 

Oct. 15 96.85 

25 96.89 

Nov. 20 96.82

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Feb. 5,1934 97.94 

Dec. 7 97.90 

Apr. 12,1935 97.93 

Jan. 31,1936 97.45 

Feb. 17 97.48

173. Ismael Garcia, 

2 1/3 miles east 

of Benavides. Dug. 

Depth 80± ft. Rope 

and bucket.

Sept. 28, 1933 47.85 

Oct. 13 46.93 

26 46.76 

Nov. 17 46.86 

Feb. 17,1934 48.17 

Dec. 17 50.31 

Apr. 13,1935 51.05 

Feb. 1,1936 47.52 

17 47.56

175. Mrs. Tom Cavenaugh, 

1 mile east of 

Benavides. Dug. 

Windmill.

Sept.27,1933 51.43 

Oct. 13 51.36 

26 49.14 

Nov. 17 49.45 

Feb. 17,1934 49.39 

Dec. 7 52.02 

Apr. 13,1935 53.15 

Jan. 31,1936 43.92 

Feb. 17 44.05

179. J. Halff, 5j milea 

east-northeast of 

Benavides. Dug. 

Depth 60 ft. Windmill.

Sept.27,1933 49.15 

Oct. 13 49.56 

26 48.93 

Nov. 17 49.62 

Dec. 7,1934 51.30 

Apr. 12,1935 51.54 

Jan. 31,1936 51.45 

Feb. 17 51.36

183. Lazaro Vela, 8 

miles south of San 

Diego. Drilled. 

Depth 110 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, top of pump 

clamp, 6 in. above 

surface .

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 15,1931 58.00 

Aug. 22,1933 56.58 

Sept. 8 56.60 

28 56.39 

Oct. 10 56.36 

26 56.32 

Nov. 17 56.32 

Feb. 16,1934 56.30 

Feb. 1,1936 53.65 

Feb. 17 53.82

184. Euaebio Alanis, 7^ 

miles south- southwest of San Diego. 

Dug. Depth 90± ft. 

Hand pump.

Sept. 28, 1933 45.45 

Oct. 15 45.78 

27 45.92 

Nov. 17 45.88 

Feb. 16,1934 47.45 

Dec. 12 48.40 

Apr. 13,1935 47.90 

Feb. 1,1936 41.86 

17 42.35

185. Cervando Saenz, 10 

miles south of San 

Diego. Drilled. 

Depth 90 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of curb, 

1-j feet above surface.

May 25,1931 42.5 

Aug. 22,1933 37.01 

Sept. 8 36.43 

28 36.27 

Oct. 16 36.13 

27 36.12 

Nov. 17 36.23 

Feb. 16,1934 36.02 

Dec. 12 36.24 

Apr. 13,1935 36.50 

Feb. 1,1936 35.77 

17 35.80

187. Ranchita Anjerlina, 

10& miles south of 

San Diego. Dug. 

Depth 70 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point , surface .

May 25,1931 42.00 

Aug. 22,1933 51.18 

Dec. 12,1934 43.88 

Apr. 15,1955 43.82
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 201

Water levels in wells in Duval County - Continued

188. Encarnacion Pena, 1 

mile north of San 

Jose. Drilled. 

Depth 130 ft. Rope 

and bucket.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept 

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

189.

May 

Aug. 

Sept

Oct.

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

190.

Sept 

Oct.

Nov. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

191.

.28,1933 76.11 

16 76.16 

26 76.07 

17 76.06 

 17,1934 76.04 

12 75.94 

13,1935 76.21 

1,1936 75.82 

17 76.04

Pedro Lopez, 13 

miles south of San 

Diego at San Jose. 

Drilled. Depth 

100 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

l£ feet above surface.

15,1931 64.5 

22,1933 63.34 

. 8 63.39 

28 63.19 

13 63.20 

27 63.17 

17,1934 62.77 

13,1935 6S.76 

1,1936 62.44 

17 62.45

Margarita Lopez, 

1/2 mile south of 

San Jose. Dug. 

Depth 90± ft. 

Windmill.

.28,1933 40.05 

16 40.78 

26 41.19 

17 41.82 

12,1934 45.27 

13,1935 45.88 

1,1936 44.10 

17 44.18

Pedro Bazan, 2 

miles southwest of 

San Jose, Dug and 

drilled. Depth 107 

ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of p~ump clamp, 

2 feet above surface.

191 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 

Sept 

Oct.

201.

May 

Aug. 

Sept

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Apr. 

Feb.

203.

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Sept

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

204.

28,1931 55.00 

.28,1933 31.66 

16 33.61 

27 34.11

Maria Villareal de 

Saenz, 1-J- miles 

north of Santa 

Cruz. Drilled. 

Depth 125 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1 foot 

above surface.

26,1931 78.80 

22,1933 78.31 

.11 78.25 

29 78.22 

18 78.28 

28 78.08 

20 78.14 

5,1934 78.10 

15,1935 77.60 

2,1936 76.20

204 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 

Dec. 

Aug. 

Sept

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

207.

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Sept 

N. E. Mart Inez, 

Santa Cruz. Drilled. Oct. 

Depth 200 ft. Windmill. Measuring Nov. 

point, top of pipe Feb. 

clamp, 2-jj feet Dec. 

above surface. 

Apr.

7,1933 49.05 

22 48.82 

31 49.24 

26 49.67 

24 49.39 

10 49.15 

22 49.00 

.11 48.68 

29 48.53 

5,1934 48.25 

10 49.46 

15,1935 49.35 

2,1936 48.44

Hilario Saenz, 1 

mile south of 

Santa Cruz. 

Drilled. Depth 

310 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

2^ feet above surface. *

Feb.

209.

May 

Jan. 

Feb.

"May 

June 

July 

Aug.

Sept, 

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb.

"bee. 

Apr. 

Feb.

26,1931 60.90 

9,1932 63.60 

22,1933. 61.29 

.11 60.73 

29 60.73 

5,1934 60.34 

10 61.80 

15,1935 61.64 

2,1936 60.56

Guadalupe Silva 

Salinas, 2 miles 

east of Conception. 

Drilled. Depth 81 

ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1^ 

feet above surface.

7,1933 61.37 

22 61.81 

31 62.00 

26 63.22 

24 63.90 

10 62.23 

22 62.14 

.11 61.40 

29 60.49 

18 59.62 

28 59.26 

11 59.03 

5,1934 58.52 

10 60.17 

11 60.00 

15,1935 60.34 

2,1936 54.18 

15 54.24

W. S. Evans, Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 156 ft. Gas 

jack pump. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1 foot 

above surface.

29,1931 45.30 

7,1933 47.05 

22 46.63 

31 46.54 

26 43.16 

24 45.90 

10 41.09 

22 35.96 

=11 31.12 

29 20.10 

18 31.20 

30 32.30 

11 32.41 

5,1934 39.27 

10 45.28 

15,1935 44.85 

2,1936 30.70 

15 31.22
202 WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Duval County - Continued

211. J. Perez, 1 1/3

miles north of Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 93 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 6 in. above 

surface.

Depth

Date to water 

_________(feet)

271. J. Mann, 5-J miles 

south-southeast of 

Realitos. Drilled. 

Depth 90± ft. Hand 

pump.

281 - Continued

Depth

Date to water 

___________(feet)

Date

Depth

to water

(feet)

Feb. 17,1934

Dec. 8

Apr. 14,1935

32.08

32.30

33.10

Aug. 

Sept

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

29,1931

22,1933

.11

29

19

28

20

5,1934

10

15,1935

2,1936

15

50.00

47.35

46.58

45.33

45.59

45.10

45.56

45.01

46.09

46.35

41.42

41.63

Sept, 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

28,1933

18

11

5,1934

14,1935

1,1936

15

76.37

76.35

76.37

75.97

76.00

75.92

76.45

272. San Antonio Loan & 

Trust Co., 4i miles 

northwest of Sejita. 

Dug. Depth lOOi ft. 

Gas jack pump.

287. Virginia J. Ramidez, 

4 miles southwest of 

Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 170 ft; Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 2 feet above 

surface.

230. San Antonio Loan & 

Trust Co., 3| miles 

south of Realitos. 

Dug. Depth 90± ft. 

Windmill.

Sept.28,1933 

Oct. 16 

30

Nov. 21 

Feb. 17,1934 

Dec. 5 

Apr. 14,1935 

Feb. 1,1936

60.00

59.74

59.70

60.97

61.70

61.10

61.82

59.58

Sept, 

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

,28,1933

18

30

11

17,1934

5

14,1935

1,1936

15

84.14

84.67

84.28

84.52

84.87

85.03

84.85

85.04

85.08

June 3,1931 

Aug. 22,1933 

Sept.11

29

Oct. 19 

Nov. 1

22

Feb. 17,1934 

Dec. 8 

Apr. 16,1935 

Feb. 1,1936

50.3

50.7

50.61

50.28

49.85

49.45

49.32

49.08

48.47

49.44

47.60

240. Gus Hinges, l£

milea northeast of 

Realitoa. Drilled. 

Depth 154 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1-jjj feet 

above surface.

276. Herman Damier, 10^ 

miles south of 

Realitos. Drilled. 

Depth 102 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1 foot above 

surface.

289. Adolfo Garcia, 3£ 

miles northeast of 

Sajita. Drilled. 

Depth 80 ft. Windmill.

Jan.

Feb.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept, 

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Jan.

7,1933

22

31

26

24

10

22

, 8

28

13

26

20

5,1934

5

13,1935

30,1936

93.95

94.55

94.16

94.29

94.29

94.02

94.15

94.15

94.05

93.76

93.70

93.55

93.53

94.55

94.58

94.15

May

Aug.

Sept,

Oct. 

Nov.

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

30,1931

22,1933

11

28

18

1

21

17,1934

8

14,1935

2,1936

37.6

38.43

37.69

36.09

34.84

34.24

33.98

32.95

34.46

35.50

35.36

Aug. 22,1933 

Sept.11

29

Oct. 19 

Nov. 1

11

Feb. 17,1934 

Dec. 15 

Apr. 16,1935 

Feb. 1,1936

Feb. 15

47.69

47.60

47.57

47.50

47.37

47.33

47.50

47.10

47.40

46.48

46.45

281. G. A. Nieft, 2 miles 

southwest of Sejita. 

Drilled. Depth 117 

ft. Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 1-jfc feet 

above surface.

290. Andalasia Garcia

(Javelina Pasture), 

3 miles northeast 

of Sejita. Drilled. 

Depth 100± ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp, 2 feet 

above surface.

May

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

30,1931

21,1933

,29

19

1

21

38

35.96

34.99

34.56

34.12

33.83

June 3,1931 

Aug. 22,1933 

Sept.11

29

Oct. 19 

Nov. 1

22

Feb. 17,1934 

Dec. 15 

Apr. 16,1935 

Feb. 15,1936

54.00

54.20

54.25

54.10

54.06

53.94

53.88

53.57

53.06

53.24

52.48
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 203

Water levels in wells in Duval County - Continued

292. Raphael PIores, 1

mile east of Sejita. 

Drilled. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of pump clamp, 

2 feet above surface.

302 - Continued 318 - Continued

Date

Depth

to water

(feet)

Date

Depth

to water

(feet)

Date

Depth

to water

(feet)

May

Aug.

Sept,

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

29,1931

22,1933

11

29

18

30

22

17,1934

8

14,1935

2,1936

15

30.5

31.01

30.60

29.85

29.41

29.15

29.04

28.28

28.45

29.42

29.33

29.34

Sept, 

Oct. 

Nov.

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

,29,1933

19

1

22

15,1934

11

16,1935

2,1936

15

32.55

32.77

32.87

32.80

33.11

35.21

35.48

30.42

30.40

May

Aug.

Sept,

26,1931

22,1933

10

29.20

29.80

29.33

304. Rafael Garcia, 3

miles south of Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 90 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1 foot 

above surface.

319. San Antonio Loan & 

Trust Co., 5i miles 

south-southeast of 

Santa Cruz. Drilled. 

Depth 340 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 1-J feet 

above surface.

297. San Antonio Loan & 

Trust Co., 6& miles 

south-southeast of 

Sajita. Drilled. 

Depth 200 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp.

May 29,1931 

Aug. 22,1933 

Sept.29 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 8,1934 

Apr. 14,1935 

Feb. 2,1936 

15

61.5

54.04

53.80

53.64

52.82

53.90

53.20

53.21

Aug. 

Sept

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

28,1931

22,1933

,11

29

19

1

22

11,1934

16,1935

2,1936

15

63.6

58.00

58.10

57.88

57.68

57.32

57.19

55.83

56.03

54.55

54.62

May

Jan.

Feb.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

27,1931

7,1933

22

31

26

24

10

22

,11

29

15,1934

11

14,1935

2,1936

24.6

24.77

24.58

25.11

25.14

25.34

25.00

24.82

24.41

24.34

23.81

24.69

24.32

24.12

301. Virginia Garcia, 5 

miles south of Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 280 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, top of pump 

clamp, 1 foot above 

surface.

315. Reuben Shultz, 6 3/4 

miles south-southwest of Santa Cruz. 

Drilled. Depth 280 

ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of wood pipe 

clamp, 6 in. above 

surface.

322. Santone Hinojosa,

3/4 mile east of La 

Copita. Drilled. 

Depth 50 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 2 feet above 

surface.

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb.

May 29,1931 

Mar. 30,1933 

Aug. 22 

Sept.11

29

Feb. 15,1934 

Dec. 11 

Apr. 16,1935 

Feb. 2,1936

15

50.6

50.0

51.04

50.60

50.76

50.14

50.16

50.22

50.85

50.78

June 

July 

Aug.

Sept,

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

9,1932

7,1933

22

31

26

24

10

22

11

29

15,1934

11

14,1935

2,1936

48.2

48.56

48.39

49.36

49.72

49.71

49.57

49.44

49.04

48.92

48. 22

48.20

48.02

48.40

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept, 

Oct.

Nov. 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Apr. 

Feb.

9,1932

7,1933

22

31

26

24

10

22

11

29

18

30

21

15,1934

7

14,1935

2,1936

39.67

39.65

41.92

40.14

40.05

40.48

39.92

39.56

39.40

38.83

38.70

38.68

38.59

38.39

39.27

39.10

38.44

318.

302. Rafael Garcia, 4^

miles south of Conception. Drilled. 

Depth 80 ft. Hand 

pump.

Manuel Saenz, 3 

miles south of 

Santa Cruz. 

Drilled. Depth 

240-260 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp, 2-J feet 

above surface.
204 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Galveston County

1. Garretson, 8 miles 

northwest of League 

City. Drilled. 

Depth 600 ft. Gas 

and deep well turbine. Measuring 

point, pump base, 6

28 - Continued

560i ft. No pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, at 

surface.

112 - Continued

ft. Hand pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1 

foot above surface.

inches above surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept. 11, 1931 39.05 

Nov. 8,1932 39.00 

26 38.71 

Dec. 30 38.15 

May 9,1933 37.79 

Oct. 26 39.93 

Feb. 28,1936 42.15

3. Mrs. A. Voss, 5 3/4 

miles west of 

League City. 

Drilled. Depth 763 

ft. Gas and turbine pump. Measuring point, pump 

base, at surface.

Sept. 11, 1931 33.05 

Nov. 8,1932 31.00 

26 13.15 

Dec. 30 13.12 

May 9,1933 31.78 

Oct. 26 32.14 

Aug. 23,1935 34.00 

Feb. 28,1936 31.71

26. Galveston, Houston 

& Henderson Railway, at League 

City. Drilled. 

Depth, 1,020 ft. 

Not used. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 3 feet 

above surface.

Apr. 15,1931 14.86 

Sept. 4 17.53 

May 10,1932 15.82 

Sept. 20 17.19 

Oct. 7 16.98 

Nov. 8 17.22 

26 17.43 

Dec. 30 18.71 

Feb. 1,1933 16.30 

Mar. 14 15.85 

May 9 16.18 

Oct. 26 16.73 

Aug. 23,1935 15.80 

Feb. 28,1936 14.45

28. Galveston, Houston & 

Henderson Railway, 

at League City. 

Drilled. Depth

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 15,1931 25.25 

Sept. 4 28.66 

May 10,1932 26.26 

Sept. 20 29.52 

Oct. 7 29.54 

Nov. 8 29.40 

26 29.12 

Dec. 30 28.10 

Feb. 1,1933 27.76 

Mar. 14 27.38 

May 9 27.81 

Aug. 23,1935 Obstructed 

at 31.7

105. R. E. Newell, 5 

miles north of Alta 

Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 240 ft. Small 

power pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing, at surface.

Sept. 20, 1932 6.65 

Oct. 7 6.54 

Nov. 8 6.75 

26 6.67 

Dec. 30 6.27 

Feb. 1,1933 5.94 

Mar. 14 5.82 

Feb. 28,1936 5.72

109. Dickinson High 

School, 6J- miles 

northeast of Alta 

Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 230 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface.

Apr. 15,1931 13.37 

Sept. 20, 1932 14.97 

Oct. 7 14.72 

Nov. 8 15.36 

26 14.68 

Dec. 30 14.64 

Feb. 1,1933 13.65 

Mar. 14 13.73 

May 9 16.88 

Oct. 26 15.12 

Aug. 23,1935 Obstructed 

at 12.5

112. Galveston, Houston 

& Henderson Railway> &e miles northeast of Alta Loma. 

Drilled. Depth 750

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

113.

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

115.

Sept, 

Oct.

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Aug.

15,1931 18.89 

.16 23.12 

7,1932 24.10 

8 24.37 

26 23.33 

30 21.41 

1,1933 20.82 

14 20.57 

9 22.86 

26 25.10 

23,1935 35.68 

28,1936 37.48

E. Menotti, 7 miles 

northeast of Alta 

Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 504 ft. Gas 

and air pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

6 inches above 

surface 

.20,1932 14.92 

7 14.98 

8 15.17 

26 15.20 

30 15.40 

1,1933 14.94 

14 14.86 

9 16.12 

26 15.70 

23,1935 18.25 

28,1936 19.45

J. W. Palmer, 6 

miles northeast of 

Alta Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 526 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of air 

line, 4-J feet 

above surface.

.20,1932 19.38 

7 19.36 

8 19.56 

26 19.55 

30 19.16 

1,1933 18.93 

14 18.80 

9 19.15 

26 20.14 

23,1935 23.95 

28,1936 27.25
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 205

Water levels in wells in Galveston County - Continued

203. Highway Department, 

4-J miles west of 

Texas City. Drilled. 

Depth 860 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of cas272. City of Galveston, 

at Alta Loma. 

Drilled. Depth 809 

ft. No pump. Measuring point, top of 

12-inch receiver, 7

297 - Continued

uring point, top 

of casing, 6 inches 

above surface.

ing, at surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug.

206.

Apr. 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

228.

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug.

15,1931 2.24 

16 3.45 

21,1932 4.16 

7 4.00 

8 4.02 

26 4.04 

30 3.47 

1,1933 3.35 

14 3.32 

9 3.40 

26 4.14 

23,1935 Obstructed 

at 11.0

A. J. Biran, 3^ 

miles west of Texas 

City. Drilled. 

Depth 926 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, hole under 

1-inch pipe, 11 

inches above top of 

casing.

15,1931 7.23 

7,1932 9.64 

8 9.13 

26 8.96 

30 9.13 

1,1933 9.28 

14 9.07 

9 9.43 

26 12.10 

23,1935 30.30 

28,1936 30.00

Owner unknown, at 

Texas City. Drilled. 

Depth 740 ft. No 

pump . Measuring 

point, face of tee, 

6 inches above surface.

22,1931 7.68 

8,1932 9.00 

26 8.46 

30 7.72 

1,1933 7.47 

14 7.02 

9 7.33 

26 8.50 

23,1935 Obstructed 

at 25.5

feet above surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec.

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

283.

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

286.

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Oct. 

Feb.

oorr

.23,1932 38.84 

7 38.20 

8 37.12 

26 32.63 

30 37.61 

1,1933 34.13 

14 34.10 

9 39.67 

26 40.52 

23,1935 53.50 

28,1936 37.52

James Balcher, 2 

miles east-southeast of Alta 

Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 720 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 2 feet above 

surface .

.23,1932 13.30 

7 12.63 

8 12.31 

26 12.51 

30 11.85 

1,1933 12.02 

14 11.88 

9 12.67 

26 11.78 

23,1935 13.85 

28,1936 13.45

A. Cook, 2-J miles 

southeast of Alta 

Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 720 ft. Not 

used. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 6 inches above 

surface .

.23,1932 12.42 

7 11.50 

8 11.78 

26 11.42 

30 10.59 

1,1933 10.58 

14 10.36 

26 9.V8 

28,1936 18.73

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

300.

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

302.

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

356.

.22,1932 12.52 

7 11.71 

8 11.68 

26 11.48 

30 10.71 

1,1933 10.66 

14 10.60 

9 11.10 

26 11.82 

23,1935 19.96 

28,1936 19.10

Chris Jens en, 4 3/4 

miles east-southeast 

of Alta Loma. 

Drilled. Depth 500 

ft. No pump. 

Measuring point, top 

of tee at top of 

casing, at surface.

.22,1932 10.86 

7 10.74 

8 10.69 

26 10.65 

30 10.26 

1,1933 10.11 

14 9.87 

9 10.42 

26 9.43 

23,1935 16.70 

28,1936 15.83

Joe Torraso, 4 miles 

east-southeast of 

Alta Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 790 ft. Gas 

engine pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing.

7,1932 5.04 

8 5.00 

30 3.59 

1,1933 3.88 

14 3.86 

9 3.93 

26 4.95 

23,1935 3.92 

28,1936 3.85

R. L. Whitburn, 5| 

miles west-southwest 

of Texas City. 

Drilled. Depth 117 297. Charles Schiro, 4 

miles southeast of 

Alta Loma. Drilled. 

Depth 720i ft. Gas 

engine pump. Measft. Hand pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of wooden platform, 2 feet above 

surface.

77056 O 36-
206 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Qalveston County - Continued 

356 - Continued

Date

Sept. 21, 1932

Oct. 7

Nov. 8

26

Dec. 30

Feb. 1,1933

Mar. 14

May 9

Aug. 23,1935

Feb. 28,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

9.42

9.14

9.38

9.32

9.70

9.27

9.03

9.36

9.52

9.95

Water levels in wells in Harris County

6a. H. H. Strlckland,

Waller. Depth 30

ft. Rope and

bucket . Measuring

point, top of wood

casing, 3 feet

above surface.

Apr. 13,1931 10.00

May 28 11.36

June 19 13.04

July 23 14.05

Aug. 13 15.30

Sept. 24 16.80

Nov. 7 17.85

Dec. 11 17.90

Jan. 13,1932 14.68

Feb. 10 12.02

Mar. 15 10.35

Apr. 19 11.48

May 24 12.34

June 22 14.42

July 22 15.43

Aug. 28 16.62

Sept. 29 17.10

Oct. 28 18707

Nov. 28 18.42

Dec. 28 18.21

Jan. 31,1933 17.82

Mar. 13 15.61

June 26 18.04

Nov. 20 19.52

Apr. 25,1934 10.62

Nov. 24 17.58

May 30,1935 9.25

10. J. A. Hafner, 21-

mile s southeast of

Waller. Bored test

hole. Depth 21 ft.

Measuring point,

surface.

May 1,1931 4.03

5 3.97

6 4.10

13 4.60

28 9.00

10 - Continued

Depth

Date to water

(feet)

June 5,1931 8.60

19 Dry 11.50

Nov. 3 Deepened 17.00

14 17.04

Dec. 11 16.60

23 15.53

30 14.87

Jan. 6,1932 14.57

13 13.62

20 12.36

27 9.35

Feb. 3 7.28

10 7.20

16 7.15

23 3.26

Mar. 1 3.65

8 2.32

15 2.77

22 3.52

29 4.27

Apr. 5 4.45

12 5.13

19 6.10

26 7.60

May 17 8.53

June 15 10.38

July 14 12.65

Aug. 18 14.35

Sept. 15 16.32

Oct. 28 17.68

Nov. 28 18.30

Jan. 31,1933 17.72

Mar. 13 13.11

May 10 14.50

June 26 15.73

Nov. 20 18.75

Apr. 25,1934 3.18

Nov. 28 Dry

May 30,1935 3.30

Aug. 19 11.65

Feb. 25,1936 1.71

11. J. A. Hafner, 2£

miles southeast of

11 - Continued

Waller. Depth 70

ft. Measuring

point, pump base 6

inches above surface.

Depth

Date to water

(feet)

Apr. 13,1931 45.15

25 45.12

May 22 45.29

28 45.16

June 19 45.82

Sept. 24 45.60

Nov. 3 45.70

20 45.38

27 45.42

Dec. 4 45.32

11 45.26

16 45.14

30 45.10

Jan. 13,1932 45.50

20 45.58

2? 45.32

Feb. 3 45.10

10 45.18

16 45.16

Mar. 15 44.98

Apr. 12 45.32

May 24 45.28

June 22 45.04

July 21 45.28

Aug. 25 44.98

Sept. 8 45.27

Oct. 28 45.34

Jan. 31,1933 Obstructed

Feb. 25,1936 45.38

31. R. L. Burton, 1/2

mile west of Hockley. Drilled.

Depth 297 ft.

Electric pump.

Measuring point,

top of casing, 6

inches above surface.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 207

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued

31 - Continued 35 - Continued 95 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 13,1931 43.75 

May 28 43.95 

June 19 44.18 

July 25 44.45 

Sept. 24 44.97 

Dec. 11 44.78 

Jan. 13,1932 44.30 

Feb. 10 44.54 

Apr. 19 44.60 

May 24 44.68 

June 22 44.98 

July 22 45.28 

Aug. 25 45.65 

Sept. 29 45.82 

Oct. 28 45.95 

Dec. 28 45.66 

Jan. 31,1933 45.34 

Mar. 13 45.42 

May 10 45.87 

June 26 46.08 

Nov. 20 46.85 

May 30,1935 45.15 

Aug. 19 45.51 

Feb. 25,1936 44.65

35. 0. M. Taylor, li 

miles east of Hockley. Drilled. 

Depth 35 ft. Rope 

and bucket. Measuring point, lowest 

point in broken 

tile, 1 foot above 

surface.

Apr. 13,1931 20.25 

25 20.39 

May 22 21.20 

28 21.50 

June 5 22.16 

19 22.24 

July 14 23.60 

Aug. 13 23.30 

Sept. 24 23.30 

Nov. 3 23.50 

14 23.75 

20 23.67 

27 23.50 

Dec. 4 23.62 

11 23.44 

16 23.42 

23 23.78 

30 23.58 

Jan. 27,1932 22.92 

Mar. 22 21.39 

Apr. 12 22.35 

19 22.37 

May 17 22.44 

June 15 22.73 

July 14 22.91 

Aug. 18 23.68 

Sept .15 24.10 

 Oct. 28 23.52 

NOT. 28 23.50 

Dec. 28 23.64

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 31,1933 23.82 

Mar. 13 23.60 

May 10 23.81 

June 26 24.28 

Apr. 25,1934 23.50 

Nov. 28 23.75 

May 30,1935 23.42 

Aug. 19 24.47 

Feb. 25,1936 22.65

36. 0. M. Taylor, li 

miles east of Hockley. Dug. Depth 

12 ft., deepened 

to 2l|- ft. Nov. 3, 

1931. No pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of board cover 

at surface.

Apr. 28,1931 5.12 

May 1 4.80 

6 5.57 

13 5.95 

22 6.27 

28 6.45 

June 19 7.11 

July 14 8.00 

23 8.10 

Aug. 13 8.60 

Nov. 3 21.00 

Dec. 4 21.45 

Jan. 6,1932 Dry 

Feb. 10 20.05 

Mar. 8 16.14 

Apr. 12 19.67 

May 12 20.81 

June 15 21.15 

July 14 21.33 

Aug. 18 21.35 

Apr. 25,1934 20.84 

Nov. 28 Dry 

May 30,1935 19.56 

Aug. 19 Dry

95. H. C. Middlestead, 

1 3/4 miles southwest of Spring. 

Dug. Depth 32 ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of brick curb 

on southeast side, 

2 ft. above surface.

Nov. 9,1931 25.95 

Dec. 9 26.25 

22 26.09 

29 25.43 

Jan. 5,1932 25.38 

28 22.93 

Feb. 29 19.02 

Mar. 28 18.85

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 25,1932 21.28 

May 16 22.38 

July 1 24.04 

Aug. 31 25.50 

Sept.27 25.74 

Oct. 21 26.20 

Nov. 26 26.60 

Dec. 30 26.07 

Jan. 25,1933 26.88 

Mar. 15 25.90 

May 8 26.00 

June 24 26.83 

Apr. 26.1934 24.92 

Nov. 29 27.27 

May 29,1935 23.54 

Aug. 22 26.05 

Feb. 26,1936 22.30

97. H. C. Middlestead, 

1 3/4 miles southwest of Spring. 

Bored test well. 

Depth 16j ft. 

Measuring point, 

top of board cover,

Nov. 9,1931 16.45 

25 16.40 

Dec. 9 16.38 

15 16.12 

22 15.18 

29 14.97 

Jan. 28,1932 12.08 

Feb. 29 11.13 

Mar. 28 11.96 

Apr. 25 12.62 

May 16 12.86 

July 1 14.17 

Aug. 31 15.69 

Oct. 21 Dry 

Jan. 25,1933 Dry 

Mar. 15 15.20 

May 8 15.42 

June 24 Dry 

Apr. 26,1934 14.75 

Nov. 29 Dry 

May 29,1935 12.08 

Aug. 22 14.95 

Feb. 26,1936 7.97

166. Owner unknown, 

1 3/4 miles northwest of Cypress. 

Bored test hole. 

Depth 11 ft., 

deepened to 18.8 

ft. Nov. 4,1931. 

Measuring point, 

top of board 

cover, at surface.

May 5,1931 2.10 

7 2.80
208 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued 

166 - Continued 167 - Continued 171 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 13,1931 3.85 

22 4.40 

28 4.90 

June 19 6.95 

July 23 9.20 

Nov. 4 15.04 

Dec. 4 15.02 

11 14.33 

16 13.56 

23 11.78 

30 9.87 

Jan. 6,1932 6.32 

13 2.81 

20 2.83 

27 1.02 

Feb. 3 1.76 

10 2.49 

16 2.15 

23 1.00 

Mar. 1 2.13 

8 1.58 

15 2.39 

Apr. 5 3.90 

May 3 5.07 

June 1 6.98 

15 7.94 

29 8.86 

July 7 9.49 

Aug. 4 11.84 

Sept. 8 13.50 

29 13.90 

Oct. 28 14.82 

Nov. 28 15.26 

Dec. 28 14.78 

Jan. 31,1933 13.10 

Mar. 11 4.70 

May 10 7.51 

June 26 10.42 

Nov. 20 15.65 

Nov. 28,1934 7.37 

May 30,1935 2.24 

Aug. 19 8.05 

Feb. 25,1936 1.76

167. Russ Mitchell, 

1 3/4 miles north 

of Cypress. 

Drilled. Depth 

105 ft. Not used. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1 

foot above surface.

Apr. 3,1931 6.87 

May 7 7.53 

13 7.97 

28 8.30 

June 19 9.71 

July 23 11.65 

Aug. 13 12.90 

Sept.24 14.40 

Oct. 30 15.04 

Nov. 4 15.06 

7 15.27 

14 15.25

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 20,1931 15.13 

27 15.16 

Dec. 4 15.08 

11 14.88 

16 14.74 

23 14.46 

30 13.96 

Jan. 6,1932 13.54 

13 12.68 

20 11.70 

27 10.65 

Feb. 3 9.74 

10 9.40 

16 9.24 

23 8.85 

Mar. 1 8.34 

8 7.92 

15 7.90 

Apr. 5 8.64 

May 3 9.62 

June 15 11.50 

Sept. 29 15.10 

Oct. 28 15.43 

Nov. 28 15.50 

Dec. 28 15.30 

Jan. 31,1933 14.83 

Mar. 11 12.86 

May 10 12.98 

Apr. 25,1934 10.60 

Nov. 28 15.12 

May 30,1935 8.17 

Aug. 19 12.46 

Feb. 25,1936 7.08

171. Ej H. Juergen, Cypress. Drilled. 

Depth 72 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 2 feet above 

surf acfe .

Apr. 3,1931 8.49 

June 19 11.89 

July 23 14.25 

Aug. 13 15.70 

Sept.24 17.30 

Nov. 14 17.76 

Dec. 11 17.34 

Jan. 13,1932 15.65 

Feb. 10 11.85 

Mar. 15 9.70 

Apr. 19 10.88

' May 24 12.40 

June 24 14.20 

July 22 15.88 

Aug. 25 17.17 

Sept. 29 17.53 

Oct* 28 17.86 

Nov. 28 17.93 

Dec. 28 17.74 

Jan. 31,1933 17.56 

Mar. 11 16.57 

May 10 15.78 

June 26 17.00 

Nov. 20 18.76

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 25,1934 12.62 

Nov. 28 17.76 

May 30,1935 9.72 

Aug. 19 14.70 

Feb. 25,1936 8.43

178. K. P. Black, 5 

miles southeast of 

Cypress. Drilled. 

Depth 40 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of 

casing, 4 inches 

above surface.

Apr. 3,1931 2.43 

May 28 5.26 

June 19 6.78 

July 23 7.85 

Aug. 13 10.00 

Sept.24 14.30 

Nov. 14 14.54 

Mar. 15,1932 2.92 

Apr. 19 4.84 

June 27 7.70 

July 22 9.71 

Aug. 25 11.83 

Sept. 29 12.53 

Oct. 28 13.16 

Nov. 28 14.87 

Dec. 28 14.03 

Jan. 31,1933 13.61

Mar. 11 8.32 

May 10 9.28 

Nov. 20 13.82 

Aug. 19,1935 8.18 

Feb. 25,1936 2.34

180. J. Williams, 5£ 

miles southeast

of Cypress. Bored 

test hole. Depth 

Hi ft., deepened 

to 19 ft. Nov. 14. 

Measuring point, 

top of board cover 

at surface.

Apr. 25,1931 3.58 

28 3.80 

May 5 2.88 

13 3.97 

19 4.50 

22 4.70 

June 19 7.27 

July 23 7.95 

Aug. 13 10.10 

Sept.24 Dry 

Nov. 14 15.35 

20 15.10 

27 11.82 

Dec. 4 12.30 

12 10.28 

16 9.34
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 209

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued

180 - Continued 205 - Continued 207 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 23,1931 8.63 

30 7.26 

Jan. 6,1932 5.64 

13 3.52 

20 3.97 

27 1.86 

Feb. 3 2.26 

10 2.08 

Mar. 1 1.95 

8 .70 

15 2.06 

22 3.05 

Apr. 5 3.69 

19 4.66 

May 17 4.97 

June 1 5.76 

30 6.85 

July 28 8.83 

Aug. 25 10.62 

Sept. 22 11.97 

Oct. 6 12.03 

Well filled to 10 feet.

181. J. Williams, 5| 

miles southeast of 

Cypress. Drilled. 

Depth 60 ft. Hand' 

and jack pump. 

Measuring point, 

lowest point in 

break in pump base, 

1 foot above surface.

May 19,1931 5.73 

22 5.87 

June 19 8.27 

July 23 2.49 

Aug. 13 11.17 

Sept. 24 13.85 

Oct. 30 15.50 

Nov. 4 15.60 

14 15.98 

27 11.96 

Dec. 16 8.67 

30 7.16 

Jan. 13,1932 3.84 

Feb. 3 2.38 

Mar. 1 3.33 

Apr. 5 5.02 

26 6.31 

Sealed

205. Humble Pipe Line 

Co., 6-5 miles 

southeast of Cypress. Drilled. 

Depth 700 ft. Air 

and oil pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1 

foot above surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 7,1931 23.91 

May 19 23.34 

June 19 24.13 

July 23 24.17 

Sept. 24 26.22 

Dec. 12 25.62 

Jan. 13,1932 25.30 

Feb. 10 25.11 

Mar. 16 24.70 

May 25 24.56 

June 24 25.29 

Aug. 28 27.00 

Nov. 28 27.30 

Dec. 28 26.77 

Mar. 11,1933 26.02 

Apr. 25,1934 26.46 

Aug. 20,1935 27.17 

Feb. 25,1936 26.78

206. R. B. Tucker, 6Jmiles southeast of 

Cypress. Drilled. 

Depth 450± ft. Air 

and gas pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of board cover 

by suction pipe.

Apr. 2,1931 22.50 

June 19 23.59 

July 23 25.18 

Sept. 24 27.30 

Dec. 12 26.51 

Jan. 13,1932 25.78 

Mar. 16 23.67 

Apr. 19 23.55 

May 25 23.90 

June 24 25.32 

July 22 26.62 

Sept. 29 27.87 

Oct. 28 27.94 

Mar. 11,1933 26.82 

June 26 27.08 

Nov. 20 28.38 

Nov. 28,1934 28.05 

May 30,1935 25.52 

Aug. 20 27.84 

Feb. 25,1936 27.92

207. R. B. Tucker, 6| 

miles southeast of 

Cypress. Dug. 

Depth 7 ft. Not 

used. Measuring 

point, top of old 

casing, 6 inches 

below surface.

May 19,1931 1.65 

June 19 2.60 

July 23 2.05 

Sept. 24 6.50 

Nov. 14 Dry 

Feb. 10,1932 Dry 

Mar. 16 6.12 

Apr. 19 6.60

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

May 25,1932 6.85 

June 24 1.24 

July 22 .54 

Aug. 25 .92 

Sept. 29 1.15 

Oct. 28 2.32 

Filled in.

209. Houston and Texas 

Central Railroad 

(Southern Pacific) 

7 i miles southeast 

of Cypress. Bored 

test hole. Depth 

13.6 ft., deepened 

to 19.6 ft. Sept. 

24,1931. Measuring point, top of

board cover, 2 

inches above surface.

May 19,1931 4.50 

22 4.64 

28 5.10 

June 5 5.71 

19 6.93

July 23 7.22 

Aug. 13 9.21 

Sept. 24 10.30 

Nov. 4 12.86 

14 13.15 

Dec. 12 7.23 

Jan. 14,1932 4.48 

Feb. 10 3.08 

Mar. 8 1.91 

Apr. 5 4.41 

May 4 5.28 

June 8 7.92 

July 7 9.34 

Aug. 11 12.28 

Sept. 8 12.34 

Oct. 6 13.24 

Nov. 28 14.88 

Destroyed.

210. Owner unknown, 7^- 

miles southeast

of Cypress. 

Drilled. Depth 68 

ft. Windmill and 

jack pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 1 foot 

above surface.

Apr. 2,1931 11.37

May 14 9.93 

19 10.62 

22 10.40 

28 10.82 

June 5 11*12 

19 12.12 

July 23 13.40 

Aug. 13 15.19 

Sept. 21 16.74
210 WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued

210 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 31,1931 19.58 

Nov. 4 19.55 

Dec. 4 19.22 

Jan. 6,1932 17.49 

Feb. 3 15.80 

Mar. 1 14.10 

Apr. 5 13.92 

May 4 14.32 

June 1 14.52 

July 7 17.25 

Aug. 4 18.32 

Sept. 8 19.26 

Oct. 6 19.76 

Nov. 28 20.37 

Dec. 28 20.08 

Jan. 31,1933 19.65 

Mar. 11 17.98 

May 10 18.58 

June 26 19.33 

Apr. 25,1934 12.36 

Nov. 28 20.12 

May 30,1935 11.32 

Aug. 20 Obstructed 

at 11.00

254. J. M. Blake, 2£ 

miles northwest of 

Aldine. Drilled 

test hole. Depth 

20 ft. Measuring 

point, top of 

board cover.

Nov. 25,1931 19.43 

Dec. 9 6.60 

15 5.04 

22 4.06 

29 5.14 

Jan. 5,1932 .36 

12 .17 

19 4.38 

28 2.10 

Feb. 2 3.74 

9 5*03 

15 5.38 

Mar. 7 3.47 

Apr. 4 5.83 

May 2 7.85 

July 1 13.11 

Aug. 31 14.33 

Nov. 26 15.55 

Dec. 30 2.59 

Jan. 25,1933 12.15 

Mar. 15 4.85 

May 8 7.18 

June 24 11.78 

Apr. 26,1934 4.8O 

Nov. 29 1.57 

May 29,1935 4.79 

Aug. 22 6.85 

Feb. 26,1936 4.16

256. J. M. Blake, 2& 

miles northwest of 

Aldine. Drilled.

256 - Continued

Depth 189 ft. Ho 

pump . Measuring 

point, plug .in top 

of casing.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 9,1931 28.86 

25 28.95 

Dec. 9 28.80 

15 28.78 

22 28.69 

29 28.73 

Jan. 5,1932 28.61 

12 28.54 

19 28.60 

28 28.35 

Feb. 2 28.36 

9 28.24 

Mar. 7 27.60 

Apr. 4 27.31 

May 2 27.15 

July 1 27.53 

Aug. 31 28.20 

Sept. 27 28.64 

Oct. 21 28.92 

Nov. 26 29.36 

Dec. 30 29.30 

Jan. 25,1933 29.42 

Mar. 15 28.96 

May 8 28.43 

June 24 28.68 

Apr. 26,1934 28.75 

Nov. 29 30.49 

May 29,1935 28.75 

Aug. 22 29.00 

Feb. 27,1936 28.20

264. Weary Place, 3 

miles north of Aldine. Drilled. 

Test for oil. 

Depth 1,610 ft. 

No pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing. Reported 

that well flowed 

from 900-ft. sand 

until 1930.

May 29,1931 3.00 

Nov. 18 5.08 

Jan. 19,1932 5.36 

Mar. 21 5.66 

May 21 6.44 

July 25 7.46 

Sept. 27 8.30 

Oct. 21 8.36 

Nov. 26 8.69 

Dec. 30 8.66 

Jan. 25,1933 8.92 

Mar. 15 8.96 

May 8 9.66 

June 24 10.10 

Aug. 22,1935 21.30 

Feb. 26,1936 21.37

439. F. W. Tanner, 1/2 

mile northwest of 

Fairbanks. Drilled. 

Depth 57 ft. Windmill and Jack. 

Measuring point, 

top of 12- inch casing, 2 feet above 

surface .

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Apr. 2,1931 5.10 

May 21 8.00 

July 23 11.28 

Oct. 28 17.07 

Dec. 12 14.40 

Mar. 16,1932 5.44 

Apr. 19 7.73 

May 25 8.54 

June 27 11.86 

Aug. 25 13.02 

Oct. 28 16.60 

Nov. 28 17.41 

Jan. 31,1933 14.38 

Mar. 11 9.08 

Aug. 20,1935 9.80

440. C. W. Hahl, 1/2 

mile northwest of 

Fairbanks . Bored 

test well. Depth 

10 ft., deepened 

to 20 ft. Oct. 28. 

Measuring point, 

top of board cover.

May 19,1931 8.65

21 8.70 

June 5 8.92 

19 9.50 

Oct. 28 Dry 

Nov. 4 Dry 

Dec. 12 9.16 

16 12.23 

Jan. 14,1932 13.82 

Feb. 16 11.60 

Mar. 16 9.73 

Apr. 19 9.29 

May 17 9.46 

June 15 10.45

July 14 12.56 

Aug. 18 14.10 

Sept. 15 15.08 

Oct. 28 16.-08 

Nov. 28 16.40 

Dec. 28 16.61 

Jan. 31,1933 16.48 

Mar. 11 16.62 

May 10 16.61 

June 26 14.76 

Nov. 20 14.58 

Nov. 28,1934 14.94 

May 30,1935 7.15 

Aug. 20 12.82 

Feb. 25,1936 3.15

512. Ed Hichols, 8£

miles northwest of 

Houston. Drilled.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 211

Water levels In wells in Harris County - Continued

512 - Continued

Depth 50 ft. Air 

and electric pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of tin casing, 

6 inches above 

surface .

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 30,1931 5.42 

May 21 7.00 

June 19 9.72 

July 23 10.26 

Sept.24 14.70 

Nov. 14 17.30 

Jan. 14,1932 9.75 

Feb. 11 8.12 

Mar. 16 6.80 

Apr. 19 7.90 

May 25 8.32 

June 24 10.43 

July 22 12.40 

Aug. 25 13.48 

Sept. 30 14.31 

Oct. 28 16.00 

Nov. 28 17.27 

Dec. 28 15.43 

Jan. 31,1933 13.70 

Mar. 11 7.86 

May 10 9.62 

June 26 12.43 

Nov. 20 13,60 

Apr. 25,1934 5.08 

Aug. 20,1935 9.57 

Feb. 25,1936 3.82

514. Owner unknown, 8 

miles northwest of 

Houston. Bored 

test well. Depth 

19 ft. Measuring 

point, top of 

board cover.

June 19,1931 11.80 

July 23 8.00 

Aug. 13 9.81 

Sept.24 12.36 

Dec. 12 10.20 

Jan. 14,1932 6.77 

Feb. 11 5.16 

Mar. 16 3.61 

Apr. 19 5.76 

May 25 6.79 

June 27 9.65 

July 22 11.58 

Aug. 25 11.93 

Sept. 30 12.41 

Oct. 28 14.88 

Dec. 28 14.20 

Jan. 31,1933 12.96 

Mar. 13 8.21 

May 10 9.36 

Aug. 20,1935 Destroyed.

518. John W. Beall, 7 

miles northwest of 

Houston. Drilled. 

Depth 153 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 1 foot above 

surface .

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 30,1931 35.04 

May 21 34.59 

June 19 35.18 

July 23 35.63 

Aug. 13 36.10 

Sept.24 36.76 

Nov. 5 37.39 

14 37.35 

Dec. 12 37.05 

Jan. 14,1932 36.51 

Feb. 11 35.92 

Mar. 16 35.05 

Apr. 19 34.81 

May 25 34.77 

Oct. 28 37.44 

Nov. 28 37.52 

Dec. 28 37.33 

Aug. 20,1935 32.75

590. City of Houston, 4i 

miles northwest of 

Houston post office 

Drilled. Depth 

1,362 ft. Turbine 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of pump 

base, at surface. 

Abandoned well.

Nov. 3,1931 65.54 

Dec. 5 60.94 

Jan. 7,1932 58.62 

Feb. 6 58.70 

Mar. 4 61.38 

Apr. 8 60.06 

May 7 62.20 

June 7 64.00 

July 7 63.84 

Aug. 8 66.28 

Sept. 7 65.12 

Oct. 8 62.90 

Nov. 4 63.35 

Dec. 29 60.87 

31 60.25 

Jan. 26,1933 60.64 

Mar. 9 59.32 

Apr. 15 58.80 

May 12 59.45 

June 23 64.38 

Aug. 18 65.47 

Sept. 20 65.95 

Oct. 31 63.91 

Nov. 22 63.38 

Dec. 23 62.07 

Jan. 23,1934 60.57 

Feb. 21 59.87

590 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 21,1934 58.38 

30 59.76 

Apr. 20 59.24 

May 22 59.88 

June 26 66.79 

July 24 65.01 

Aug. 16 65.51 

Sept. 22 66.30 

Oct. 23 65.75 

Nov. 21 62.52 

Dec. 21 60.71 

Jan. 31,1935 64.11 

Mar. 1 62.20 

22 62.25 

Apr. 24 63.05 

May 21 63.10 

June 19 65.14 

July 26 68.55 

Aug. 17 69.74 

Sept. 21 69.27 

Oct. 26 67.20 

Nov. 23 64.56 

Feb. 20,1936 65.02

602. River Oaks Country 

Club, 4 miles west 

of Houston post 

office. Drilled. 

Depth 1,038 ft. 

Electric turbine 

pump. Measuring 

point, 1/2-inch 

hole in pump bowl, 

2 feet above surface.

Jan. 19,1931 48.54 

Apr. 7 47.10 

May 21 48.05 

July 2 51.56 

Aug. 12 51.65 

Sept. 10 52.29 

Nov. 3 49.97 

Dec. 5 48.48 

Jan. 7,1932 46.38 

Feb. 6 45.14 

Mar. 4 44.18 

Apr. 8 43.22 

July 9 48.09 

Sept. 7 45.86 

Nov. 7 44.00 

28 43.05 

Jan. 2,1933 42.10 

30 42.16 

Mar. 10 41.18 

Apr. 15 41.00 

Feb. 23,1934 44.74 

Apr. 20 44.45 

Nov. 21 49.32 

Dec. 21 47.11 

Jan. 31,1935 45.49 

Apr. 29 47.34 

May 21 46.84 

Aug. 17 49.22 

Nov. 23 48.62
212 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued

619. City of Houston

(Lincoln Pool),

1 mile northwest

of Houston post

office. Drilled.

No pump. Measuring point, top of

casing, 2 feet

above surface.

Depth

Date to water

(feet)

Jan. 30,1931 55.50

May 31 54.46

July 1 57.27

Sept. 10 60.00

Nov. 3 58.46

Dec. 5 56.45

Jan. 7,1932 54.76

Feb. 6 53.65

Mar. 4 52.92

Apr. 8 51*25

May 7 52.10

June 7 54.73

July 9 55.86

Aug. 8 56.64

Sept. 7 57.23

Oct. 8 56.02

Nov. 4 54.68

29 52.65

Dec. 31 51.72

Jan. 28,1933 49.78

Mar. 10 48.95

Apr. 15 48.86

May 13 50.92

June 23 55.24

Aug. 18 57.12

Sept. 19 57.13

Oct. 31 56.72

Nov. 22 57.45

Dec. 23 56.70

Jan. 23,1934 55.13

Feb. 21 54.83

Mar. 21 54.11

30 54.66

Apr. 20 55.67

May 22 56.17

June 26 59.57

July 25 61.40

Aug. 16 61.81

Sept. 22 61.80

Oct. 23 61.29

Nov. 21 59.89

Dec. 21 58.13

Jan. 31,1935 56.68

Mar. 1 56.67

22 56.56

Apr. 24 55.84

May 21 56.77

June 19 57.33

July 26 58.64

Aug. 17 61.44

Sept. 21 61.63

Oct. 26 60.82

Hov. 23 59.40

Feb. 20,1936 57.15

656. Texas Creosotlng

Co.. 4& miles

north of Houston

post office.

656 - Continued

Drilled. Depth 622

ft. Air-lift pump.

Measuring point,

top of eduction

680 - Continued

Depth

Date to water

(feet)

pipe under umbrella, Aug. 5.1932 46.58

5 feet above surface.

Depth

Date to water

(feet)

Jan. 9,1931 62.68

Apr. 6 62.46

July 28 65.98

Nov. 3 67.00

Dec. 3 64.33

Feb. 6,1932 62.86

Mar. 3 61.74

Apr. 7 62.51

June 7 63.82

Nov. 29 61.85

Jan. 27,1933 59.95

May 12 59.45

Aug. 19 64.42

Nov. 22 62.20

Dec. 23 63.31

Jan. 23,1934 62.61

Feb. 21 62.78

Mar-. 21 62.47

30 62.49

May 22 64.99

July 24 67.97

Sept. 21 68.58

Jan. 30,1935 65.88

Feb. 28 65.46

Mar. 21 66.01

May 20 65.27

June 18 66.22

Aug. 16 68.34

Sept. 20 68.38

Oct. 25 68.21

680. Houston Electric

Co., 1/2 mile

northeast of

Houston post office. Drilled.

Depth 1,350± ft.

No pump. Measuring point, board

cover at top of

casing.

Jan. 8,1931 33.25

Feb. 18 27.35

May 20 40.33

30 44.74

June 30 47.24

Aug. 11 47.87

Sept. 8 46.50

Nov. 2 42.15

Dec. 1 40.03

Jan. 7,1932 36.20

Feb. 5 40.53

Mar. 3 41.83

Apr. 7 42.93

May 6 36.91

June 6 37.80

July 8 41.85

Sept. 6 37.46

Oct. 10 35.95

Nov. 3 38.00

28 31.37

Dec. 27 .29.67

Jan. 27,1933 32.03

Mar. 9 29.92

Apr. 15 33.07

May 11 40.30

June 22 45.52

Aug. 18 45.84

Sept. 19 43.95

Oct. 30 37.70

Nov. 21 36.90

Dec. 21 35.40

Jan. 22,1934 32.60

Feb. 20 34.82

Mar. 20 39.72

30 36.96

Apr. 19 39.59

May 21 38.60

June 25 53.18

July 23 49.94

Aug. 15 50.21

Sept. 21 48.82

Oct. 22 45.36

Nov. 20 43.77

Dec. 20 41.79

Jan. 30,1935 46.10

Feb. 28 42.21

Mar. 21 43.05

Apr. 23 43.96

May 20 43.18

June 18 51.05

July 25 59.66

Aug. 16 60.01

Sept.20 57.34

Oct. 25 51.49

Nov. 22 47.50

Feb. 19,1936 51.66

741. Houston Electric

Co., 1 3/4 miles

east of Houston

post office.

Drilled. Depth

540 ft. No pump.

Measuring point,

top of air line,

9-£ inches above

surface .

Jan. 8,1931 47.95

Mar. 25 48.54

July 2 49.22

Aug. 12 49.61

Sept. 8 49.84

Nov. 2 50.24

Dec. 1 50.43

Jan. 8,1932 50.65

Feb. 5 50.80

Mar. 3 50.92

Apr. 7 51.06

May 6 51.20

June 6 51.37
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Harris County - Continued 

741 - Continued 757 - Continued 759 - Continued

213

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

July 8,1932 51.45 

Aug. 5 51.70 

Sept. 6 51.84 

Oct. 10 52.00 

Nov. 3 52.10 

28 52.26 

Dec. 28 52.30 

Jan. 27,1933 52.12 

Mar. 9 52.51 

Apr. 14 52.32 

May 11 52.54 

June 22 52.86 

Aug. 18 52.78 

Sept. 19 53.30 

Oct. 30 53.45 

Nov. 21 53.52 

Dec. 21 53.62 

Jan. 22,1934 53.72 

Feb. 20 53.75 

Mar. 20 53.81 

29 53.84 

Apr. 19 53.81 

May 21 54.00 

June 25 54.10 

July 23 54.23 

Aug. 15 54.34 

Sept .21 54.50 

Oct. 22 54.64 

Nov. 20 54.77 

Dec. 20 54.84 

Jan. 30,1935 54.96 

Feb. 28 55.00 

Mar. 21 55.05 

Apr. 23 55.12 

May 20 55.18 

June 18 55.26 

July 25 55.35 

Aug. 16 55.43 

Sept. 20 55.50 

Oct. 25 55.67 

Nov. 22 55.72 

Feb. 19,1936 55.80

757. Layne-Bowler Co., 

4^ miles east of 

Houston post office. Drilled. 

Depth 676 ft. Air 

lift pump« Measuring point, pump 

base, at surface.

Feb. 25,1931 57.61 

Mar. 19 57.33 

May 27 58.26 

Sept. 9 62.00 

Dec. 3 61.18 

Jan. 8,1932 59.40 

Feb. 6 58.44 

Mar. 3 56.90 

Apr. 7 55.69 

May 6 55.53 

Oct. 11 57.92 

Nov. 3 57.35 

Dec. 28 56.12 

Mar. 9,1933 53.98 

Apr. 15 53.72

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 22,1933 57.30 

Aug. 19 59.81 

Sept. 20 60.73 

Oct. 31 61.90 

Nov. 22 61.80 

Dec. 23 61.61 

Jan. 23,1934 60 0 81 

Feb. 21 60.12 

Mar. 21 59.03 

29 59.21 

May 21 60.25 

July 24 63.47 

Aug. 15 64.05 

Oct. 22 64.23 

Nov. 20 63.82 

Dec. 20 62.32 

Jan. 30,1935 60.91 

Feb. 28 60.11 

Mar. 21 59.74 

Apr. 23 59.10 

May 20 58.78 

June 18 59.20 

July 25 60.34 

Aug. 16 60.89 

Oct. 25 61.37 

Nov. 22 60.84 

Feb. 19,1936 59.03

759. Port City Compress, 

4 3/4 miles east of 

Houston post office. Drilled, 

Depth 396' ft. 

Electric air pump. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing.

Feb. 26,1931 56.8 

July 3 59.28 

Aug. 13 60.41 

Sept. 9 60.98 

Nov. 3 60.51 

Dec. 3 59.63 

Jan. 8,1932 57.76 

Apr. 7 56.13 

May 6 55.95 

July 9 57.25 

Sept. 6 56.83 

Nov. 3 61.00 

28 60.70 

Dec. 28 59.82 

Jan. 27,1933 59.26 

Mar. 9 57.60 

Apr. 15 57.67 

May 12 58.17 

Aug. 19 64.36 

Oct. 31 66.08 

Jan. 23,1934 64.52 

Feb. 20 63,91 

Mar. 20 62.26 

29 62.91 

Apr. 19 63.05 

May 21 63.99 

June 25 66i23 

July 23 67.56 

Aug. 15 68.11 

Sept. 21 68.37

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 22,1934 67.99 

Nov. 20 67.43 

Dec. 20 64.77 

Jan. 30,1935 64.39 

Feb. 28 63.55 

Mar. 21 63.26 

May 20 62.38 

June 18 63.10 

July 25 64.14 

Sept.20 66.19 

Nov. 22 64.50 

Feb. 19,1936 62.58

783. Houston Riding & 

Polo Club, 6 miles 

west of Houston 

post office. 

Drilled. Depth 

350± ft. Airlift pump. Measuring point, top 

of casing, 6 in. 

above surface.

July 8,1932 38.10 

Aug. 8 38.57 

Sept. 7 38.47 

Oct. 5 38.54 

Nov. 7 38.45 

28 38.25 

Jan, 2,1933 37.52 

30 36.98 

Mar. 10 36.37 

Apr. 15 36.27 

May 13 36.44 

June 23 37.36 

Sept. 18 38.16 

Oct. 31 38.36 

Nov. 22 38.40 

Dec. 23 38.29 

Jan. 23,1934 37.87 

Feb. 21 37.46 

Mar. 21 37.37 

30 37.36 

Apr. 20 37.10 

May 22 37.17 

June 26 38. 7Y 

July 24 39.75 

Aug. 16 40.18 

Sept. 22 40.65 

Oct. 23 40.59 

Nov. 21 40.94 

Dec. 21 39.72 

Jan. 31,1935 38.96 

Mar. 1 39.00 

22 38.85 

Apr. 24 38.55 

May 21 38.50 

June 19 38.60 

July 26 38.97 

Aug. 17 39.30 

Sept. 21 40.16 

Oct. 26 40.30 

Nov. 23 39.94 

Feb. 20,1936 38.83
214 WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Harris County - Continued

1203 . Harris County, In 1318 

South Houston. 

Drilled. Depth 600 

ft. No pump. Measuring point, top of 

Casing, 6 Inches 

above surface.

Date

Apr. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

3,1931 

.16 

7,1932 

8 

26 

30 

1,1933 

14 

9 

26 

22,1935 

28,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

34.73 

36.91 

38.25 

38.70 

38.97 

39.04 

39.15 

38.62 

38.90 

39.85 

43.81 

39.36

. J. M. West, 5^ 

miles northwest of 

Webster. Drilled. 

No pump. Measuring point, top of 

casing, 1 foot 

above surface.

Date

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

1321

7,1932 

8 

26 

30 

1,1933 

14 

9 

26 

22,1935 

28,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

11.50 

11.70 

12.05 

11.73 

10.52 

9.08 

9.95 

11.54 

11.43 

8.23

1360 - Continued

Date

Apr. 

Aug.

Sept 

May 

July

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec.

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Feb.

5,1931 

7 

. 4 

10,1932 

9 

7 

8 

26 

30 

1,1933 

14 

9 

28,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

31.47 

37.29 

36.00 

32.25 

37.26 

36.54 

35.96 

35.36 

34.45 

33.76 

33.43 

34.30 

38.70

. Fig Plant Co.,

1209. Fireworks Co., 1/2 

mile southeast of 

South Houston. 

Drilled. Depth 650 

ft. Not used. 

Measuring point, 

top of air line,

Ellington Field, 5 

miles northwest of 

Webster. Drilled. 

Depth 78 ft. No 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface.

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

1302

Apr. 

Sept 

May 

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Aug.

4 feet above surface.

7,1932 39.66 

8 39.95 

26 40.03 

30 39.75 

1,1933 39.83 

14 39.41 

9 39.83 

2f 40.72 

22,1935 43.77 

28,1936 39.18

. City of Genoa, 

Genoa. Drilled. 

Depth 832 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, hole In 

6-inch casing, 

1 foot above surface.

3,1931 48.06' 

. 4 51.18 

10,1932 50.19 

7 52.12 

8 51.92 

26 51.92 

30 51.43 

1,1933 51.19 

26 52.18 

22,1935 53.02

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec, 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Feb.

1324

Oct. 

Nov.

Dec. 

Feb.

1360

7,1932 4.30 

8 4.45 

26 4.80 

30 4.40 

1,1933 4.22 

14 . 1.90 

9 2.76 

26 4.18 

22,1955 4.24 

28,1936 3.84

. J. M. West, l£ 

miles northwest of 

Webster. Drilled. 

Depth 400 ft. Windmill . Measuring 

point, top of casing, 1 foot above 

surface.

7,1932 42.90 

8 42.14 

26 41.53 

30 40.48 

1,1933 39.97

. Mrs. Fain (S. 

Siabara), 1/4 mile 

east of Webster. 

Drilled. Depth 

659 ft. Electric 

pump. Measuring 

point, top of casing, 2 feet above 

surface .
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels in wella in Jim Hogg County

215

52. Rita and San Juana 

Garcia, Las Anlmas. 

Dug and drilled. 

Depth 47 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of 

caliche curb.

53. Pelicita Hlnojosa 

de Yzaguirre, Las 

Anlmas. Dug. 

Depth 49 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of 

caliche curb, 5 

feet above surface.

54. Kieves Villareal, 

Las Animas. Dug. 

Depth 41 ft. Windmill. Measuring 

point, top of 

caliche curb, 5 

feet above surface.

Date

Oct. 13,1933 

26

Depth

to water 

(feet) Date

30.41 

30.15 Mar. 17,1933 

Oct. 13

26

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

32.0 

29.15 

28.23

Date

Mar. 17,1933 

Oct. 13 

26

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

35.0 

31.50 

31.60

Water levels in wells in Jim Wells County

193.

June 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

201.

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb.

206.

June 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

M. Morales, 8^ 

miles west-northwest of Ben Bolt. 

Dug. Depth 40 ft. 

Rope and bucket. 

Measuring point, 

top of wooden 

curb, lj feet 

above surface.

30,1933 28.50 

5 25.49 

23 25.29 

6,1935 29.10 

5,1936 21.08

Santos Garcia. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp, 

1^ feet above surface.

23,1933 32.53 

6,1935 33.67 

5,1936 29.14

Emilio Barrera, &J 

miles west of El 

Par. Dug. Depth 

75 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of concrete 

curb, 3& feet 

above surface.

30,1933 33.80 

5 32.64 

23 49.96 

6,1935 54.32 

5,1936 49.36

207.

June 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

221.

July 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

222.

Roman Saenz, 6 

miles west of El 

Par. Bored. Depth 

99 ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 1-J 

feet above surface.

29,1933 77.00 

5 72.97 

23 72.83 

6,1935 73.08 

5,1936 71.30

Felix Perez Cadena, 

6 miles west-northwest of Wadota. 

Dug. Depth 90 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

concrete curb on 

south side, 1 foot 

above surface.

1,1933 59.21 

5 51.28 

23 51.21 

6,1935 56.42 

5,1936 47.58

Manuel Cadena, 6 

miles west-northwest of Wadota. 

Dug. Depth 80t 

ft. Windmill. 

Measuring point, 

crack in floor, 

1 foot above surface.

222 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

July 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

252.

June 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

253.

June 

Oct.

Feb. 

Feb.

1,1933 56.67 

5 53.11 

23 52.46 

6,1935 * 54.05 

5,1936 48.24

Cerapio Hinojosa, 

6^ miles westsouthwest of Ella. 

Dug. Depth 60 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

curb on south side, 

2^ feet above surface.

19,1933 53.56 

5 48.85 

23 48.83 

6,1935 51.35 

5,1936 44.92

San Juan Hinojasa, 

&£ miles westsouthwest of Ella. 

Dug and bored. 

Depth 125 ft. 

Windmill. Measuring point, top of 

curb on south side, 

3& feet above surface.

19,1933 56.70 

5 51.36 

23 51.17 

6,1935 54.26 

5,1936 46*56
216 WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wella in Jim Wella County - Continued

374. E. G. Maun, 4f 376. Cliff Burdett, 3% 

miles northwest of miles northweat of 

Falfurrias. Meas- Palfurriaa. Drille 

uring point, top of Depth 450 ft. Wind 

oaaing, 2^ feet mill. Meaauring 

above aurfaoe. point, top of caaAltitude 155.59 ing, 3 feet above 

feet. surface. Altitude 

135.37 feet.

Date

Oct. 23,1932 

Dec. 6 

Jan. 5,1933 

Feb. 22 

May 26 

June 27 

July 25 

Sept. 1 

Jan. 2,1935

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

16.80 

16.80 

16.49 

16.22 

18.08 

17.37 

17.44 

16.00 

17.00

Date 1

Dec. 6,1932 

Jan. 5,1933 

Feb. 22 

May 26 

June 27 

July 25 

Aug. 10 

Sept. 1 

Oct. 3

Depth 

So water 

(feet)

5.60 

5.20 

5.02 

7.48 

7.78 

6.39 

5.70 

4.88 

4.33

391. 0. A. Fore, 2£ 

miles north of Pald. furriaa. Drilled. 

Depth 610 ft. 

Turbine pump. 

Meaauring point, 

top of oaaing, 1 

foot above aurfaoe. Altitude 

125.82 feet.

Date

Dec. 1,1932 

Jan. 5,1933 

Feb. 20 

May 26 

June 27 

July 25 

Aug. 10 

Sept. 2 

Oct. 3

Jan. 2,1935 

Feb. 5,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

21.67 

19.85 

20.10 

23.25 

20.98 

21.29 

20.17 

19.54 

18.66 

19.84 

19.88

Water levela in a well in Maverick County

M3-21. Owner unknown, 

18 miles weat of 

La Pryor. Meaauring point, top of 

oaaing, 1 foot 

above aurfaoe. 

Altitude 705.00 

feet.

Feb. 6,1930

22

Mar. 31

Apr. 18

June 20

July 11

Aug. 25

Sept. 29

Oct. 20

Dec. 18

Feb. 11,1931

June 9

July 6

Jan. 8,1932

Feb. 10

Mar. 23

Aug. 28

Dec. 21

Mar. 24,1933

Sept. 22

45.55

45.50

45.55

46.10

45.70

45.55

45.60

45.80

45.80

46.20

46.75

46.50

46.55

46.15

45.90

46.03

46.02

45.72

45.60

45.65
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels In wells In Zavala County

217

H7-2. N. B. Pulliam, 10 

miles north of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of 

water-pipe clamp, 

1-|- ft. above surface.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 8,1929 35.80 

Nov. 15 35.05 

Dec. 18 34.95 

Jan. 16,1930 35.00 

Mar. 13 35.30 

June 23 35.70 

July 22 c 34.50 

Aug. 29 34.95 

Oct. 1 c 35.40 

Nov. 25 b 34.10 

Dec. 17 34.10 

May 14,1931 33.40 

July 11 (b) 

Oct. 30 34.20 

Jan. 15,1932 34.20 

Apr. 2 34.10 

Apr. 11,1933 33.20 

July 21 33.70

H7-13. Ray Cornett, 5 

miles north of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of casing, ! ? ft. above 

surface. Altitude 

787.54 ft.

Feb. 8,1928 111.70 

Nov. 7,1929 114.55 

19 114.70 

23 114.60 

Dec. 18 115.00 

Jan. 16,1930 115.10 

Feb. 28 115.70 

Mar. 13 115.70 

Apr. 9 115.95 

18 116.10 

May 20 116.05 

June 23 116.15 

July 22 116.15 

Aug. 27 116.40 

Sept .29 116.30 

May 14,1931 117.40 

July 10 (b) 

Oct. 29 117.75 

Jan. 13,1932 118.40 

Mar. 31 118.95 

Aug. 28 119.20 

Apr. 11,1933 120.60

H7-20. W. R. Terpening, 

5J- miles north of 

La Pryor. Measuring point, top of 

1-in. board cover 

on top of casing, 

6 in. above surface. Altitude 

765.45 ft.

b Pumping at time 

c Pump stopped a

H7-20 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 13,1929 73.35 

Jan. 3,1930 73.30

~ Feb. 28 73.40 

Mar. 13 73.40 

Apr. 9 73.35

18 75.70 

May 20 73.55 

June 23 73.50 

July 22 73.80 

Aug. 27 73.80 

Sept. 29 73.85 

Dec. 17 73.90 

May 14,1931 74.80 

July 11 (b) 

Oct. 30 74.35 

Jan. 13.1932 74.70 

Apr. 2 74.70 

Aug. 31 74.75 

Apr. 11,1933 74.75 

July 21 74.50

H8-1. A. W. West, &| 

miles northeast of 

La Pryor. Measuring point, top of 

water-pipe clamp, 

1 ft. above surface.

Nov. 11,1929 79.90 

Dec. 18 82.50 

Jan. 16,1930 81.15

Apr. 9 80.05 

May 20 79.95 

June 23 79.85 

July 22 79.65 

Aug. 27' 95.40 

Sept. 29 83.80 

Dec. 17 (b) 

May 14,1931 79.50 

July 10 (b) 

Oct. 29 (b) 

Jan. 16,1932 79.25 

Mar. 31 79.50

HB-17. A. W. West, 8f 

miles northeast of 

Batesville and 1 

mile southwest of 

TIvalde-Batesville 

road. 6-in. well. 

Depth 234 ft. 

Windmill. Used 

for stock. Measuring point, top of

water-pipe clamp, 

6 in. above surface.

Oct. 28,1929 179.50 

Dec. 23 180.00 

Jan. 15,1930 180.30 

Apr. 8 180.90 

May 22 180.60

H8-17 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 25,1930 180.85 

July 24 b 181.15 

Aug. 29 181.85 

Oct. 1 180.50

H9-2. Kincaid Brothers, 

8-| miles northeast 

of Batesville. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 3 

in. above surface. 

Altitude 869.71 ft.

Nov. 5,1929 188.25 

Dec. 21 188.70 

Jan. 14,1930 187.50 

Mar. 13 187.90 

May 22 b 191.00 

June 25 188.15 

July 24 c 188.30 

Aug. 29 189.05 

Oct. 1 190.05 

Dec. 20 190.10 

May 13,1931 189.10

H9-3. Kincaid Brothers, 

11 miles northeast 

of Batesville. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 6 

in. above surface. 

Altitude 840.36 ft.

Nov. 5,1929 161.00 

Apr. 16,1930 163.50 

May 22 163.50 

June 25 162.25 

July 24 163.90 

Aug. 29 163.90 

Oct. 1 166.30 

Dec. 20 163.95

H9-4. Baxter, 4 

miles north of 

Batesville. Measuring point, top 

of stoop. Altitude 753 ft.

Nov. 12,1929 42.35 

Dee. 23 41.95 

Jan. 15,1930 42.00 

Apr. 11 41.85 

May 22 42.35 

June 25 41.00 

July 24 42.35 

Aug. 29 Dry 

Oct. 1 50.25

of measurement, 

short time before measurement.
218 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Zavala County - Continued

M3-7. M. Ramble, 15 

miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface. 

Altitude 689.50 ft.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 27,1930 30.50 

Feb. 22 30.15 

Mar. 29 30.20 

Apr. 18 30.35 

May 19 30.25 

June 20 30.20 

July 11 30.20 

Aug. 25 30.30 

Sept. 29 30.40 

Oct. 18 30.30 

Dec. 18 30.30 

Feb. 11,1931 30.25 

June 9 30.15

M3-28. Hope & Perklns, 

13 miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of casing, at surface.

Feb. 12,1930 41.47 

Apr. 3 g 41.14 

18 42.16 

May 7 42.16 

20 42.20 

June 4 42.22 

20 42.21 

July 16 42.24 

Aug. 25 42.32 

Sept. 29 42.31 

Dec. 18 42.33 

Feb. 11,1931 42.31 

Feb. 10,1932 42.40 

Mar. 23 42.43 

Mar. 24,1933 42.40 

Sept .22 42.50

M3-29. Hal Mangum, 12 

miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of 4 by 

4 in. timber pipe 

clamp, 6 in. above 

surface. Altitude 

755.65 ft.

Jan. 25,1930 97.20 

Feb. 22 97.55 

Mar. 30 b 111.20 

Apr. 18 96.80 

May 20 96.70 

June 20 95.80 

July 16 96.70 

Aug. 25 96.80 

Sept.29 96.85 

Dec. 18 b 97.00 

Jan. 8,1932 (b) 

Feb. 10 96.60

M3-29 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Mar. 23,1932 (b) 

Aug. 28 96.75 

Dec. 21 96.45 

Sept. 22, 1933 96.90

M6-9. King Ware, 8£ 

miles north-northwest of Cometa. 

Measuring point, 

top of Iron pipe 

clamp, 6 in. above 

surface. Altitude 

656.05 ft.

Jan. 17,1930 68.10 

Feb. 19 71.10 

Mar. 17 71.05 

Apr. 16 73.85 

May 19 82.80 

June 17 80.50 

July 15 81.85 

Aug. 26 75.25 

Sept. 25 77.15 

Hov. 4 69.15 

Dec. 11 67.20 

Feb. 6,1931 65.20 

Mar. 4 65.35 

Apr. 25 68.65 

June 8 c 72.25 

July 3 67.00 

Oct. 2 (b) 

Nov. 6 65.80 

Dec. 4 67.25 

Jan. 7,1932 68.20 

Feb. 11 68.30 

Mar. 18 c 68.90 

July 6 70.60 

Aug. 29 74.19 

Dec. 22 68.50 

Mar. 18,1933 69.30 

Sept. 21 65.25 

Aug. 27,1934 63.20 

Mar. 13,1935 62.45 

July 31 58.20 

Jan. 26,1936 55.05

M6-10. W. M. Van Cleve. 

7-| miles northwest 

of Cometa. Measuring point, top 

of pipe clamp, 2 

ft. above surface. 

Altitude 653.15 ft.

Jan. 21,1930 71.65 

Feb. 19 c 73.40 

Mar. 17 (b) 

Apr. 16 (b) 

May 19 (b) 

June 17 74.95 

July 11 73.80 

Aug. 26 72.10 

Sept. 25 c 71.85

M6-10 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 11,1930 70.10 

Feb. 6,1931 71.00 

Mar. 4 70.60 

Apr. 25 70.70 

June 8 69 .70 

July 3 68.95 

Oct. 2 67.10 

Nov. 6 69.10 

Dec. 4 72.75 

Jan. 7,1932 73.70 

Feb. 11 c 74.75 

Mar. 18 c 74.85 

July 6 74.52 

Aug. 29 c 72.70 

Dec. 22 c 72.70 

Mar. 18,1933 71.75 

Sept .21 70.15 

Aug. 27,1934 74.60

M6-16. J. S. Steward, 6 

miles northwest of 

Cometa. Measuring 

point, top of casing. Altitude 

626.55 ft.

Jan. 17,1930 43.90 

Feb. 19 42.70 

Mar. 17 42.85 

Apr. 16 42.80 

May 19 42.00 

June 17 41.40 

July 15 41.10 

Aug. 26 40.90 

Sept. 25 40.85 

Nov. 4 40.40 

Dec. 11 40.25 

Feb. 6,1931 40.55 

Mar. 4 40.55 

Apr. 25 40.75 

June 8 40.80 

July 2 40.70 

Oct. 2 40.05 

Nov. 6 40.36 

Dec. 4 40.95 

Jan. 7,1932 41.10 

Feb. 11 41.50 

Mar. 18 41.60 

July 6 41.90 

Aug. 29 41.75 

Dec. 22 41.76 

Mar. 18,1933 41.80 

Aug. 27,1934 42.35 

Mar. 13,1935 43.70 

Jan. 26.1936 42.70

M6-18. H. E. Ware, 4 

miles northwest of 

Cometa. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

612.90 ft.

b Pumping at time of measurement.

c Pump stopped a short time before measurement.

g Water-stage recorder Installed on well.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In wells In Zavala County - Continued 

M6-18 - Continued M6-19 - Continued Nl-17 - Continued

219

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 17,1930 b 36.50 

Feb. 19 c 40.70 

Mar. 17 41.50 

Apr. 16 42.60 

May 19 42,35 

June 17 39.10 

July 15 37.50 

Aug. 26 39.35 

Sept. 25 40.70 

Nov. 4 34.90 

Dec. 11 (b) 

Feb. 6,1931 34.60 

Mar. 4 c 36.55 

Apr. 25 (b) 

June 8 32.90 

July 3 32.10 

Oct. 2 30.35 

Nov. 6 34.05 

Dec. 4 38.25 

Jan. 7,1932 38.10 

Feb. 11 c 40.80 

Mar. 18 c 39.10 

July 6 38.85 

Aug. 29 c 36.37 

Dec. 22 c 36.62 

Mar. 18,1933 35.40 

Sept. 20 33.65 

Aug. 27,1934 39.15 

Mar. 13,1935 47.18 

Jan. 26,1936 40.50

M6-19. L. D. Van Cleve, 

3 miles northwest 

of Cometa. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp. Altitude 632.55 ft.

Jan. 17,1930 49.65 

Feb. 19 c 50.90 

Mar. 17 50.95 

Apr. 16 52,10 

May 19 c 51.10 

June 17 50.10 

July 15 c 50.10 

Aug. 26 50.65 

Sept. 25 c 50.80 

Nov. 4 49.90 

Dec. 11 c 49.85 

Feb. 6,1931 c 50.05 

Mar. 4 c 49.80 

Apr. 25 52.55 

June 8 54.30 

July 3 49.20 

Oct. 2 49.00 

Nov. 6 50.70 

Dec. 4 ' 51.60 

Jan. 7,1932 51.65 

Feb. 11 52.40 

Mar. 18 52.15 

July 6 (b) 

Aug. 29 c 52.28 

Dec. 22 c 52.02 

Mar. 18,1933 51.45 

Sept. 21 51.80

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Aug. 27,1934 42,35 

Mar. 13,1935 57.30 

July 31 55.60 

Jan. 26,1936 52.40

M9-1. T. B. Mear, Cometa. 

Measuring point, 

top of pipe clamp. 

Altitude 633.30 ft.

Feb. 6,1928 46.20 

Dec. 19,1929 59.20 

Jan. 16,1930 62.20 

Feb. 19 60.80 

Mar. 17 61.80 

Apr. 16 b 71.70 

May 19 58.00 

June 17 55.30 

July 15 54.75 

Aug. 26 56.25 

Sept. 25 c 58.25 

Nov. 4 53.65 

Dec. 11 c 52.25 

Mar. 4,1931 52.50 

Apr. 25 54.45 

July 3 51.65 

Nov. 6 58.15 

Dec. 4 60.75 

Jan. 7,1932 57.40 

Feb. n 64.70 

Mar. 18 62.15 

July 6 58.10 

Aug. 29 c 56.85 

Dec. 22 57.45 

Mar. 18,1933 57.60 

Sept. 21 55.75 

Aug. 27,1934 65.10

Nl-17. Matthews ranch, 

5 miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

771.70 ft.

Jan. 27,1930 126.60 

Feb. 22 125.50 

Apr. 18 127.00 

May 20 126.10 

June 20 125.70 

July 16 125.30 

Aug. 25 125.00 

Sept. 29 124.70 

Oct. 30 124.95 

Dec. 18 c 126.70 

Feb. 11,1931 c 125.85 

June 9 126.10 

July 6 124.70 

Jan. 8,1932 127.40 

Feb. 10 128.00 

Mar. 23 127.60 

July 7 127.00 

Aug. 28 c 126.27

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 21,1932 127.42 

Mar. 24,1933 c 128.40 

Sept. 21 c 128.40 

Jan. 22,1936 137.68

. Nl-24. J. C. Williams, 

2-J miles northwest 

of La Pryor. Measuring point, top 

of pipe clamp. 

Altitude 754.00 ft.

Dec. 23,1929 120.50 

Feb. 22,1930 123.10 

Mar. 26 121.10 

Apr. 18 120.80 

May 20 119.40 

June 20 118.15 

July 16 116.50 

Aug. 25 116.30 

Sept. 29 115.90 

Oct. 30 117.75 

Dec. 18 121.90 

Feb. 11,1931 118.60 

June 9 115.60 

July 6 115.00 

Jan. 8,1932 126.90 

Feb. 10 126.40 

Mar. 23 (b) 

July 7 119.10 

Aug. 28 117.65 

Dec. 21 123.80 

Mar. 24,1933 120.80 

Mar. 15,1935 130.85 

July 27 124.10 

Jan. 22,1936 128.82

Nl-39. Hal Mangum, 8 

miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

732.90 ft.

Jan. 25,1930 75.80 

Feb. 22 76.10 

Apr. 18 (b) 

June 20 (b) 

July 16 76.40 

Aug. 25 b 79.15 

Sept. 29 b 78.15 

Dec. 18 b 78.70 

Feb. 11,1931 79.50 

June 9 (b) 

July 6 77.70 

Jan. 8,1932 b 79.60 

Feb. 10 b 81.60 

Mar. 23 c 77.30 

Mar. 24,1933 76.33

b Pumping at time of measurement.

c Pump stopped a short time before measurement.
220 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells In Zavala County - Continued

Nl-40. I. T. Pryor, 2 

miles west of La 

Pryor. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

732.90 ft.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Jan. 4,1930 113.80 

Feb. 22 117.20 

Apr. 18 116.20 

May 20 115.00 

June 20 112.90 

July 16 111.00 

Aug. 25 110.00 

Oct. 30 110.15 

Dec. 18 113.75 

Feb. 11,1931 113.00 

June 9 106.50 

July 6 104.75 

Feb. 10,1932 121.35 

Mar. 23 117.50 

July 7 111.00 

Aug. 28 108.45 

Dec. 21 116.33 

Mar. 24,1933 111.40 

Sept. 21 105.90 

Mar. 15,1935 125.40 

July 27 115.60

Nl-58. Hal Mangum, 8^ 

miles southwest of 

La Pryor. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp. Altitude 680.68 ft.

Feb. 6,1930 64.25 

Mar. 31 67.35 

Apr. 18 b 68.50 

May 20 68.60 

June 20 b 68.70 

July 16 67.60 

Aug. 25 (b) 

Sept. 29 (b) 

Dec. 18 (b) 

Feb. 11,1931 64.20

Nl-59. Gunter Hardy, 11 

miles southwest of 

La Pryor. Measuring point, top of 

pipe clamp. Altitude 631.25 ft.

Feb. 6,1930 40.95 

May 20 c 47.50 

July 16 b 45.40 

Aug. 25 b 53.00 

Sept. 29 48.10 

Dec. 18 c 45.50 

Feb. 11,1931 c 45.25 

June 9 44.75

a Pump running in 

b Pumping at time

Nl-67. I. T. Pryor, 6 

miles south of La 

Pryor.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Oct. 23,1929 c 264.70 

Nov. 22 98.50 

Dec. 23 98.40 

Jan. 27,1930 98.50 

Feb. 22 c 125.00 

Mar. 25 (b) 

Apr. 18 (b) 

May 24 (b) 

June 20 (b) 

July 16 c 124.30 

Aug. 25 (b) 

Sept. 29 109.25 

Apr. 3,1931 109.30 

July 6 (b) 

Jan. 8,1932 104.70 

Feb. 15 160.20 

Mar. 23 103.90

N4-8. New California 

Townsite Co., 7 

miles north of 

Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing.

Dec. 23,1929 125.00 

Jan. 21 1930 122.30 

Feb. 20 164.30 

Mar. 25 159.50 

May 24 144.30 

June 20 134.20 

July 16 128.00 

Aug. 20 127.00 

Sept. 29 140.70 

Oct. 30 128.25 

Aug. 26,1932 119.00 

Dec. 19 143.15 

Mar. 24,1933 130.15

N4-41. Mrs. D. J. Willlms, 8 miles west 

of Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of 4 by 4 in. 

pipe clamp. Altitude 577.82 ft.

Oct. 30,1929 17.85 

Nov. 22 24.40 

Dec. 18 a 33.95 

Jan. 16,1930 35.70 

Feb. 19 (b) 

Mar. 17 (b) 

Apr. 16 a,b 53.70 

May 19 34.60 

July 15 b 20.50 

Aug. 25 22.45 

Sept. 25 a,b 27.70 

Nov. 4 18.15

nearby well, 

of measurement.

N4-41 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water

(feet)

Mar. 4,1931 16.80

Apr. 25 22.35 

June 8 11.80 

July 9 9.90 

Oct. 2 14.10 

Nov. 6 37.70 

Jan. 7,1932 29.55 

Mar. 18 30.60 

July 6 21.70 

Aug. 29 18.72 

Dec. 22 26.37 

Mar. 18,1933 19.50 

Sept. 21 14.00 

Aug. 27,1934 25.30 

Mar. 13,1935 49.95

N5-4. A. J. Plummer, 8^ 

miles north of 

Crystal City.

Nov. 22,1929 74.60 

Dec. 18 75.90 

Jan. 21,1930 76.50 

Feb. 20 85.85 

Mar. 25 83.55 

Apr. 19 81.90

May 24 71.70 

June 20 64.10 

July 17 58.65 

Aug. 20 56.75 

Sept .25 73.50 

Oct. 30 59.20 

Dec. 9 64.15 

Jan. 8,1931 81.45 

Feb. 4 61.40

N5-7. Cross S Winter 

Garden Farms, 9 

miles northeast of 

Crystal City.

Measuring point, 

top of casing. 

Altitude 624.01 ft.

Nov. 27,1929 66.84 

Aug. 20,1930 56.75 

Feb. 4,1931 63.40 

Apr. 23 57.45

May 23 53.45 

June 24 48.20 

July 24 43.95 

Sept. 28 53.30 

Jan. 4,1932 79.75 

Feb. 2 86.00 

May 5 70.85 

Aug. 26 52.50 

Dec. 19 74.65 

Mar. 22,1933 58.50 

Sept. 15 46.10 

Aug. 29,1934 58.40 

Mar. 7,1935 92.10
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 221

Water levels in wells in Zavala County - Continued

N5-15. Owner unknown, 

&J- miles north of 

Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. 

Altitude 609.45 

ft.

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 23,1929 87.80 

Dec. 18 91.60 

Jan. 21,1930 92.40 

Feb. 20 98.80 

Mar. 25 94.25 

Apr. 19 a 87.60 

May 24 78.10 

June 20 68.85 

July 17 60.95 

Aug. 20 a 63.00 

Sept. 25 79.95 

Oct. 30 63.90 

Dec. 9 a 72.75 

Jan. 8,1931 a 90.30 

Feb. 4 65.60 

Mar. 2 55.95 

Apr. 23 63.75 

May 23 51.20 

June 24 47.05 

July 24 41.80 

Sept. 28 58.85 

Nov. 2 102.60 

Dec. 1 116.60 

Jan. 4,1932 86.90 

Feb. 2 103.20 

Mar. 17 83.60 

May 5 79.10 

Aug. 26,1932 52.65 

Dec. 19 83.10 

Mar. 17,1933 58.60 

Sept. 15 46.35 

Aug. 29,1934 60 0 38

N5-20. ~ Wright, 5j 

miles northeast of 

Crystal City.

Nov. 23,1929 81.10 

Dec. 18 85.15 

Jan. 21,1930 89.50 

Feb. 20 102.80 

Mar. 25 95.15 

Apr. 19 94.85 

May 24 72.05 

June 20 62.50 

July 17 56.45 

Aug. 20 59.95 

Sept. 25 72.45 

Oct. 30 58.20 

Dec. 9 a 66.90 

Jan. 8,1931 a 85.70 

Feb. 4 59.00

N5-31. C. & M. Produce 

Co., 3 miles northeast of Crystal 

City. Measuring 

point, top of 

metal curb. Altitude 583.86 ft.

N5-31 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 25,1929 79.25 

Dec. 18 81.55 

Jan. 21,1930 89.80 

Feb. 20 a 112.90 

Mar. 25 92.60 

Apr. 19 96.55 

May 24 69.70 

June 20 67.30 

July 17 51.60 

Aug. 20 51.60 

Sept. 25 69.30 

Oct. 30 53.30 

Dec. 9 61.20 

Jan. 8,1931 81.95 

Feb. 4 53.20 

Mar. 2 44.20 

Apr. 23 54.30 

May 23 39.50 

June 24 36.45 

July 24 29.45 

Sept. 28 43.80 

Nov. 3 114.30 

Dec. 1 120.15 

Jan. 4,1932 84.30 

Feb. 2 90.80 

Mar. 17 73.00 

May 5 68.00 

Aug. 26 43.30 

Dec. 19 74.70 

Mar. 17,1933 51.90 

Sept. 15 38.55 

Mar. 7,1935 113.15 

Aug. 1 57.30 

Jan. 25,1936 85.65

N5-39. C. R. Jarratt, 2 

miles northeast of 

Crystal City. Measuring point, top 

of pump base. Altitude 584.40 ft.

Nov. 26,1929 75.60 

Dec. 18 89.35 

Jan. 21,1930 (b) 

Feb. 20 (b) 

Mar. 25 102.90 

Apr. 19 106.90 

May 24 76.90 

June 20 64.25 

July 17 59.20 

Aug. 20 64.20 

Sept. 25 78.35 

Oct. 30 60.80 

Dec. 9 68.60 

Jan. 8,1931 90.90 

Feb. 4 60.80 

Mar. 2 44.20 

Apr. 23 61.10 

May 23 45.80 

Nov. 3 (b) 

Dec. 1 129.90 

Jan. 4,1932 86.60 

Feb. 2 98.15 

Mar. 17 79.70 

May 5 75.55 

Aug. 26 49.10

N5-39 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Dec. 19,1932 82.65 

Mar. 17,1933 60.10 

Sept. 15 46.65 

Aug. 29,1934 57.10 

Mar. 7,1935 117.10 

Aug. 1 58.60 

Jan. 25,1936 91.18

N5-40. C. R. Jarratt, 

2-|- miles east of 

Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of pump base. 

Altitude 578.74 

ft.

Nov. 26,1929 81.40 

Dec. 18 88.85 

Jan. 21,1930 (b) 

Feb. 20 122.70 

Mar. 25 102.50 

Apr. 19 101.40 

May 24 74.85 

June 20 62.80 

July 17 57.65 

Aug. 20 61.30 

Sept. 25 77.10 

Oct. 30 58.70 

Dec. 9 68.75 

Jan. 8,1931 89.10 

Feb. 4 58.80 

Mar. 2 48.75 

Apr. 23 61.10 

May 23 (b) 

June 24 (b) 

July 24 33.30 

Sept. 28 46.35 

Nov. 3 (b) 

Dec. 1 130.60 

Jan. 4,1932 85.00 

Feb. 2 96.90 

Mar. 17 75.30 

May 5 72.65 

Aug. 26 47.10 

Dec. 19 81.95 

Mar. 17,1933 57.05 

Sept. 15 42.55 

Aug. 29,1934 56.50 

Mar. 7,1935 116.30 

Aug. 1 54.90

N5-47. Owner unknown, 

6 miles east of 

Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

pipe clamp. Altitude 6i3.97 ft.

Nov. 26,1929 105.15 

Dec. 18 112.70 

Jan. 18,1930 121.60 

Feb. 20 c 142.50 

Mar. 25 126.60 

Apr. 19 b 116.70 

May 24 c 103.20

Pump running in nearby well. b Pumping at time of measurement. 

Pump stopped a short time before measurement.

77056 O 36 15
222 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN ERESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in Zavala County - Continued 

N5-47 - Continued N5-55 - Continued N7-2 - Continued

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

June 20,1930 94.45 

July 17 88.70 

Aug. 20 (b) 

Dec. 9 108.50 

Jan. 8,1931 115.40 

Mar. 2 82.40 

Apr. 23 83.25 

May 23 77.75 

June 24 71.00 

July 24 66.00 

Sept. 28 75.60 

Nov. 3 122.30 

Dec. 1 143.95 

Jan. 4,1932 114.15 

Feb. 2 123.05 

Mar. 17 103.15 

May 5 99.00 

Aug. 26 77.90 

Dec. 19 114.30 

Mar. 17,1933 90.10 

Sept. 15 71.50 

Aug. 29,1934 84.80 

Aug. 1,1935 88.15 

Jan. 25,1936 132.10

N5-55. Cribbs and Davidson, 2^ miles east 

of Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of pump base, 

southeast side. 

Altitude 578.15 ft.

Nov. 27,1929 82.65 

Dec. 18 112.70 

Jan. 21,1930 (b) 

Feb. 20 121.80 

Mar. 25 107.40 

Apr. 19 105.00 

May 24 80.25 

June 20 67.40 

July 17 62.00 

Aug. 20 65.70 

Sept. 25 80.75 

Oct. 30 64.70 

Dec. 9 71.75 

Jan. 8,1931 92.30 

Feb. 4 62.90 

Mar. 2 52.55 

Apr. 23 61.10 

May 23 47.50 

June 24 43.40 

July 24 36.50 

Sept. 28 47.05 

Nov. 3 (b) 

Dec. 1 132.95 

Jan. 4,1932 86.55 

Feb. 2 98.15 

Mar. 17 77.95 

May 5 76.90 

Aug. 26 51.10 

Dec. 19 85.86 

Mar. 17,1933 60.40 

Sept. 15 45.40

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Aug. 29,1934 57.55 

Mar. 7,1935 117.60 

July 30 58.70 

Jan. 25,1936 86.85

N5-60. E. L. Reedy, 4 

miles east of 

Crystal City. 

Measuring point, 

top of casing, 

southeast side. 

Altitude 582.85 ft.

Nov. 16,1929 81.00 

Jan. 21,1930 109.40 

Feb. 20 (b) 

Mar. 25 111.20 

Apr. 19 99.60 

May 24 81.55 

June 20 71.15 

July 17 63.00 

Aug. 20 64.25 

Sept. 25 89.70 

Oct. 30 64.95 

Dec. 9 (b) 

Jan. 8,1931 (b) 

Feb. 4 66.70 

Mar. 2 56.35 

Apr. 23 59.10 

May 23 48.85 

June 24 44.25 

July 24 38.80 

Sept. 28 58.75 

Nov. 3 (b) 

Dec. 1 (b) 

Jan. 4,1932 (b) 

Feb. 2 (b) 

Mar. 17 83.25 

May 5 77.30 

Aug. 26 51.70 

Dec. 19 95.90 

Jan. 25,1936 114.10

N7-2. Murray, 1 mile 

southeast of Cometa 

Measuring point, 

top of casing. Altitude 609.25 ft.

Oct. 30,1929 26.50 

Nov. 22 29.30 

Dec. 4 30. QO 

18 33.95 

Jan. 16,1930 a 34.80 

Feb. 19 35.85 

Mar. 17 38.40 

Apr. 16 a 47.10 

May 19 33.10 

June 17 30.30 

July 15 29.15 

Aug. 25 30.65 

Sept. 25 32.65

Depth 

Date to water 

(feet)

Nov. 4,1930 28.70 

Dec. 11 29.65 

Feb. 6,1931 28.55 

Mar. 4 27.40 

Apr. 25 29.90 

June 8 26.60 

July 2 26.40 

Oct. 2 29.90 

Nov. 2 38.25 

Dec. 4 36.20 

Jan. 7,1932 32.50 

Feb. 11 38.50 

Mar. 18 37.60 

July 6 31.80 

Aug. 29 31.95 

Dec. 22 33.02 

Mar. 18,1933 33.00 

Aug. 27,1934 42.15 

Mar. 13,1935 45.72 

July 31 35.85 

Jan. 26,1936 40.15

N7-4. E. Holdsworth, 1^ 

miles east of 

Corneta, Measuring 

point, top of 6 by 

6 in. clamp. Altitude 595.50 ft.

Oct. 30,1929 22.55 

Nov. 22 25.65 

Dec. 4 31.55 

18 35.50 

Jan. 16,1930 36.65 

Feb. 19 40.45 

Mar. 17 44.80 

May 19 35.10 

June 17 28.45 

July 15 25.75 

Aug. 25 29.35 

Feb. 6,1931 24.30 

Mar. 4 21.65 

Apr. 25 26.95 

June 8 20.00 

July 3 19.35 

.Oct. 2 22.90 

Jan. 7,1932 31.35 

Feb. 11 42.95 

July 6 27.85 

Aug. 29 30.15 

Dec. 22 30.40 

Mar. 18,1933 28.00 

Sept. 21 25.90 

Mar. 13,1935 49.62 

July 31 30.78 

Jan. 26,1936 39.70

N8-7. W. W. Walker, 3 

miles southeast of 

Crystal City,. 

Measuring point, 

base of pump. Altitude 571.45 ft.

b Pumping at time of measurement.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 223

Water levels in wells in Zavala County - Continued 

3-7 - Continued

Date

Nov. 27,1929

Dec. 18

Jan. 21,1930

Feb. 20

Mar. 25

Apr. 19

May 24

June 20

July 17

Aug. 20

Sept. 25

Oct. 30

Dec. 9

Jan. 8,1931

Feb. 4

Mar. 2

Apr. 23

May 23

June 24

July 24

Sept. 28

Nov. 3

Jan. 4,1932

Feb. 2

Mar. 17

May 5

Aug. 26

Dec. 19

Mar. 17,1933

Sept. 15

Aug. 29,1934

Mar. 6,1935

July 30

Jan. 25,1936

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

79.35

87.25

93.10

114.20

104.20

97.40

78.45

68.25

61.50

62.90

77.65

63.75

71.40

89.60

61.70

51.35

57.40

45.35

40.90

34.80

41.35

97.25

82.00

93.05

72.96

73.10

50.00

84.85

58.15

43.20

57.80

115.65

57.40

81.45

3-2. H. Armstrong, 5 

miles north of Big 

Wells. Measuring 

point, top of pipe 

clamp. Altitude 

557.14 ft.

Jan. 31,1930 

Aug. 23 

Jan. 13,1931 

Feb. 10 

Mar. 5 

Apr. 29 

May 27 

June 25 

July 28 

Nov. 4 

Dec. 2 

Jan. 12,1932 

Feb. 12

52.35 

51.60 

49.85 

48.95 

47.20 

46.10 

44.65 

42.10 

40.35 

40.15 

46.30 

b 48.15 

b 49.30

b Pumping at time of measurement.
224 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

ELM CREEK AND DEER CREEK AREAS OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started in the Elm Creek and Deer 

Creek areas, near Temple, Tex., during the spring of 1934 by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service. Measurements of the water levels have been made on 28 wells, but only 20 of 

the wells are included in this report. The other wells have either been 

abandoned, or their value as observation wells has been seriously impaired 

by domestic pumping. Some of the 20 wells included in this report are 

also used at times, but their water levels were not measured until after 

they had apparently recovered their normal positions. Most of the wells 

are water-table wells which penetrate either alluvium or chalky or shaly 

rocks of Upper Cretaceous age. Further information concerning the wells 

is not available. The measurements of the depths to the water levels 

were made in each well from an established measuring point. As a rule 

weekly measurements were made on all the wells from the beginning of the 

program to January 1, 1936. Of these measurements 720 were made during 

1935, giving an average of 36 measurements to the well for the year. 

Only the records of measurements that were nearest to the first of each 

month are given in this report. The method of expressing the results of 

measurements is described in the introduction. Water-stage recorders have 

been in operation on six of the wells since the beginning of the program.

There is a close correlation between the fluctuation of the water 

levels in the wells and the precipitation in the area. The first waterlevel measurements were made on April 25, 1934, when all except 3 of the 

20 wells were measured. On that day the average height of the water 

levels above the arbitrary datum planes was 14.93 feet. Records of 

precipitation were not obtained in connection with this investigation until November 1934, but the area was severely affected by the great drought. 

The water levels persistently declined until by October 29, 1934, the 

average was down to 8.55 feet, which was an average decline of 6.38 feet 

from April 25. About 7 inches of rain during November raised the water 

levels an average of 1.49 feet by December 1, and they were maintained at 

nearly the same average throughout December and January. There was about 

3 inches of precipitation in February 1935, and during the month the water 

levels rose an average of about 2 feet. A dry March permitted a slight 

decline, but about 2 inches of rain in April, 8 inches in May, and 8 

inches in June brought the average of the water levels to 14.55 feet on 

July 6, 1935. The precipitation averaged leas than 2 inches in July and
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 225

August, and the water levels declined nearly 3 feet during these months. 

However, about 7 inches of rain in September caused a rise of about 1,7 

feet, and about 6 inches in December caused another large rise. Thus on 

December 18, 1935, the average of the water levels was 15.19 feet, which 

was. the highest during the period of record. The few measurements that 

were made after December 18 Indicate no great change in the rest of the 

year.

Wells in the Elm Creek and Deer Creek areas, near Temple. Tea:.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

1

7

8

11

12

13

14

19

20

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

50

51

32

Owner and location Depth 

(feet)

Mrs. Gibson, 1/4 mile SE.

of Eddy

C. L. Bridges, 3-g- miles S. and

2^ miles W. from Chilton

 Hamlett, ijj miles W. of

Chilton

Cemetery well, 1 mile N. of

Temple

E. 0. Lamar, lj| miles N. and

1^ miles E. from Temple

Owner unknown, 1 mile S. and

1/2 mile W. from Troy

Owner unknown, 2^ miles S. and

3/4 mile E. from Moody

T. W. Neal, l£ miles W. of

Oenaville

J. K. Hughes, 1 mile N. and

1/4 mile E. from Oenaville

 Bravnec, 2-g- miles W. of

Ocker

Owner unknown, 2 miles S. and

1/4 mile W. from Ocker

L. U. Wentreck, 4 miles S.

of Ocker

 Stranad, 7 miles N. of

Heidenheimer

Charles, Simek, 6 miles W. and

1^ miles N. from Heidenheimer

J. B. Little, 4 miles W. of

Heidenheimer

Owner unknown, 1 mile S. and

5 miles E. from Temple

Vlnce Dusek, 3 miles E. and

1 mile S. from Temple

 Herna, 3 miles E. and

1/2 mile N. from Temple

Sam Garth, 3 miles N. and

1/2 mile E. from Temple

Flint and Hammersmith (Sanders),

2 miles S. and 1/2 mile E.

from Troy

21.6

23.3

17.1

21.0

23.0

21.0

25.8

16.1

20.8

24.5

25.8

23.0

27.8

20.2

14.3

19.3

20.9

11.5

16.9

11.3

Diameter 

( inches )

3 by 7

3

2.25 by 3

'

2.5

2.5

2 by 2.5

3.5

3

2

2.5

3.5

2.5

3

2.5

3.5

3.5

2.5

3

' 2

.5

Depth Height 

to of 

water measuring 

level point 

(feet) (feet)

14.60

19.52

16.52

13.75

6.50

15.74

14.72

8.40

13.84

13.62

6.20

18.00

18.49

18.65

12.20

15.62

14.51

9.93

6.30

10.88

24.60

29.52

26.52

23.75

16.50

25.74

24.72

18.40

23.84

23.62

16.20

28.00

28.49

28.65

22.20

25.62

24.51

19.93

16.30

20.88
226 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in wells in the Elm Creek and Deer Creek areas.

near Temple, Tex., in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date

1934 

Apr. 24-30 

June 1 

25 

July 30 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 2 

29 

Dec. 1 

1935 

Jan. 3 

29 

Mar. 1 

29 

May 11 

June 10 

July 6 

Aug. 2 

29 

Oct. 3 

30 

Nov. 18 

Dec. 18 

1936 

Jan. 1

Date

1934 

Apr. 24-30 

June 1 

25 

July 30 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 2 

29 

Dec. 1 

1935 

Jan. 3 

29 

Mar. 1 

29 

May 11 

June 10 

July 6 

Aug. 2 

29 

Oct. 3 

30 

Nov. 18 

Dec. 18 

1936 

Jan. 1

Date

1934 

Apr. 24-30 

June 1 

25 

July 30 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 2 

29 

Dec. 1

1

10.70 

10.10 

10.10 

9.89 

10.00 

10.07

10.00 

9.79 

10.53 

9.12 

11.09 

14.84 

16.74 

11.76 , 10.60 

12.60 

11.18 

13.28 

12.24

19

11.55 

10.90 

10.80 

9.20 

8.75 

8.54 

8.36 

9.50

10.06 

10.43 

11.94 

11.66 

13.32 

12.69 

12.59 

10.89 

9.76 

10.02 

10.10 

9.97 

10.94

27

11.70 

11.70 

11.30 

10.50 

9.90 

9.02 

8.71 

11.02

7

13.62 

12.79 

12.72 

12.52 

11.72 

10.87 

5.42 

10.05

10.00 

9.93 

1O.OO 

10.99 

10.37 

12.06 

12.72 

12.78 

12.02 

11.48 

11.50 

11.15 

11.60

20

14.84 

14.34 

13.64 

12.54 

11.34 

10.68 

10.16 

10.04

10.00 

10.44 

11.35 

11.17 

11.94 

12.76 

13.67 

13.38 

12.66 

13.63 

13.77 

13.96 

14.84

28

16.20 

15.23 

14.32

11.52 

10.50 

9.88 

9.84

8

11.52 

11.52 

11.52 

9.92 

10.32 

10.22 

9.94 

10.18

9.97 

9.86 

9.81 

9.59 

9.79 

10.30 

10.71 

10.24 

9.55 

9.73 

9.82 

9.96 

10.24

22

16.22 

15.12 

14.32 

13.32 

12.22 

11.02 

10.12 

10.34

9.97 

9.68 

11.07 

10.84 

12.40 

14.16 

16.29 

14.76 

13.64 

13.14 

13.82 

13.49 

16.50

29

13.51 

11.18 

8.30 

8.06 

7.41 

7.25 

7.01 

8.79

11

17.59 

16.08 

14.15 

10.95 

7.50 

5.75 

4.80 

8.28

10.28 

10.07 

16.22 

16.73

islii

16.53 

14.02 

16.77 

17.38 

17.51 

18.53

23

14.20 

13.90 

12.18 

10.20 

9.11 

8.68 

8.39 

9.07

9.98 

10.40 

12.94 

11.85 

13.59 

13.95 

14.26 

12.72 

10.95 

13.64 

12.81 

12.07 

14.22

14.30

30

13.68 

13.01 

11.98 

9.38

5.90

12

13.33 

12.00 

10.60 

8.50 

6.55 

6.03 

4.78 

9.52

9.98 

10.23 

13.20 

13.08 

12.81 

13.41 

10.71 

11.44 

9.82 

12.80 

13.94 

14.05 

14.13

24

20.00 

17.50 

16.00 

13.90 

12.30 

11.23 

9.91 

10.18

10.00 

9.79 

11.59 

11.62 

11.98 

15.57 

16.56 

15.26 

13.95 

15.23 

14.15 

13.63 

16.65

31

.....

9.50 

8.90 

8.55 

8.01 

10.22

13

19.59 

13.47 

10.77 

9.12 

8.36 

8.26 

8.08 

16.54

9.68 

9.98 

19.64 

14.39 

17.19 

20.34 

20.26 

15.89 

10.29 

20.39 

19.46 

19.64 

21.10

21.05

25

14.29 

13.94 

13.59 

12.84 

11.79 

11.07 

10.55 

10.16

10.00 

9.79 

10.00 

9.97 

9.82 

10.80 

11.92 

12.04 

11.69 

11.51 

11.28 

11.19 

11.28

32

 

11.12 

8.68

9.19

14

17.87 

12.57 

12.12 

10.82 

10.07 

9.64 

9.22 

11.72

9.99 

9.52 

10.87 

11.30 

12.92 

19.00 

20.22 

14.13 

14.53 

17.27 

14.54 

16.52 

21.62

19.77

26

13.65 

13.65 

13.65 

12.85 

11.95 

11.27 

10.77 

10.32

10.00 

9.81 

9.88 

9.85 

9.90 

11.03 

12.01 

12.13 

11.90 

11.01 

11.77 

11.64 

12.49

Average

14.93 

13.46 

12.30 

10.67 

9.98 

9.35 

8.55 

10.04
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1936 227

Water levels In wells in the Elm Creek and Deer Creek areas - Continued

Date

1935

Jan. 3

29

Mar. 1

29

May 11

June 10

July 6

Aug. 2

29

Oct. 3

 ^n

Ou

Nov. 18

Dec. 18

1936

Jan. 1

27

9.93

9.82

10.22

10.20

10.84

12.39

13.34

12.57

11.31

12.20

12.24

12ll2

28

10.02

9.99

11.25

11.46

11.95

14.16

16.20

14.98

13.84

14.02

13.50

13.38

15.51

15.67

29

9.91

10.27

11.59

11.83

11.65

11.35

11.92

9.55

8.12

10.17

10.73

11.66

14.41

30

10.09

11.20

13.36

13.80

14.53

15.64

15.37

13.99

11.73

13.37

13.53

13.40

15.35

31

10.02

10.07

10.69

10.55

10.95

11.78

11.64

10.87

10.25

11.32

11.55

32

10.06

10.20

13.38

14.34

16.02

16.76

15.89

13.94

11.49

15.99

17.04

16.60

16.96

Averag(

9.98

10.06

11.99

11.68

12.26

13.83

14.65

12.99

11.60

13.31

13.28

13.33

15.19
UTAH 

By G. H. Taylor and H. E. Thomas

INTRODUCTION

This report is a brief outline of the ground-water work that has 

been done in Utah prior to January 1, 1936, including a summary of what 

is known in regard to the ground-water conditions and especially the 

ground-water levels in the different parts of the State and a list of 

publications on the subject. The report does not include all parts of 

the State. Only those areas which have been visited by the writers at 

least once during 1935 are discussed in any detail, but some other areas 

are described briefly.

PAST INVESTIGATIONS

The principal results of past investigations of the ground-water 

resources of Utah have been published in the reports listed in the 

following bibliography. Some study of ground-water conditions in the 

State, especially in the vicinity of Huntsville, in Ogden Valley, and 

Morgan, in Weber River Valley, was made by Samuel Portier before the end 

of the 19th century, and two reports by him gave information on the subject. A few data relating to ground water are contained in a report on 

irrigation in the Mountain Water District, in Salt Lake County, by E. R. 

Morgan. The first work for the primary purpose of investigating groundwater conditions in the State was done by G. B. Richardson in the Utah 

Lake and Jordan River Valleys in 1903 and 1904, and in the Sanpete and 

Sevier Valleys in 1905. General ground-water investigations were made 

in the Beaver Valley in 1906 by W. T. Leej in Juab, Millard, and Iron 

Counties in 1908 by 0. E. Meinzer; and in Boxelder County and the 

eastern part of Tooele County in 1911 by Everett Carpenter. All these 

investigations except those in Boxelder and Tooele Counties were made 

by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State 

engineer; Sanpete, Sevier, and Beaver Counties also cooperated. During 

this period of cooperation Caleb Tanner was the State engineer, and much 

credit is due to him for recognizing the importance of the ground-water 

resources of the State. During 1925-27 W. N. White, of the United States 

228
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 229

Geological Survey, made an intensive investigation in the Escalante Valley, with particular emphasis on the quantities of ground-water discharge 

lay plants and through evaporation from the soil. All these investigations 

resulted in reports that were published as water-supply papers and are 

listed in the bibliography.

A ground-water investigation was made lay R. M. Leggette and G. H. 

Taylor in the Jordan River Valley in 1931-35, through cooperation between 

the United States Geological Survey and Salt Lake City. Periodic observations, made about once a month, are now available for about 45 wells in 

the Jordan River Valley from about August 1, 1931, to January 1, 1936. 

Less frequent measurements are available for more than 100 additional wells 

in the valley. Records of automatic water-stage and pressure recorders for 

several wells and over varying periods are available from about October 1931 

to January 1936. The final report on this investigation is not yet published, but a preliminary report was issued in mimeographed form in 1932, 

and subsequent unpublished reports formed the basis for developments made 

by Salt Lake City in 1934.

A ground-water investigation of the Ogden Valley was made from 1932 

to 1934 by R. M. Leggette, G. H. Taylor, and L. K. Wenzel, through cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and the city of 

Ogden. Automatic recorders have been operated continuously on four wells 

in this valley since September 1932 and on nine wells for shorter periods. 

Observations made weekly or monthly on 22 wells in the valley are available 

for the period September 1932 to October 1933 and at yearly intervals to 

January 1, 1936. The final report on the Ogden Valley was made public in 

typewritten form on September 17, 1935, when a mimeographed summary of the 

report was issued.

In 1933 and 1934 a general investigation of ground-water conditions 

in the southeastern part of the State was made by G, A. Waring and M. M. 

Knechtel, of the United States Geological Survey, as a part of a program 

of ground-water investigations financed by the Public Works Administration. 

The resulting report was made public in typewritten form on April 7, 1936, 

when a mimeographed memorandum was issued summarizing the principal results, especially as to the artesian conditions and prospects. Typewritten copies of the report are available for inspection at the offices 

of the United States Geological Survey in Washington, D. C., in the Federal Building in Salt Lake City, Utah, and in the Post Office Building 

in Denver, Colo.
230 WATER LEVELS AHD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

A ground-water study of Utah, consisting mainly of a brief discussion of available data and of the results of well drilling by the 

Drought Relief Administration, during 1934-35, was made by G. M. P. 

Dougall and H. R. Watson and was published in mimeographed form by the 

Utah State Planning Board in September 1935. This report contains several maps and Illustrations that are of particular interest.

A considerable amount of unpublished data on ground-water conditions 

in various parts of Utah has been gathered by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. The results of some special investigations in Cache 

Valley have been published. Some information concerning past ground-water 

conditions in small areas can be obtained from court records resulting 

from litigation between users of ground water in the State.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Portler, Samuel,. Preliminary report on seepage water and the underflow of rivers: Utah Agr. Coll. Exper. Sta. Bull. 38, 1895.

Portler, Samuel, Seepage water of northern Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 7, 1897.

Mead, Elwood, and Morgan, E. R., Irrigation in Mountain Water District, Salt Lake County. Utah: U. S. Dept. Agr. Office Exper. Sta. 

Bull. 133, pp. 1-70, 1903.

Richardson, G. B., Underground water in the valleys of Utah Lake 

and Jordan River, Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 157, 1906.

Richardson, G. B., Underground water In Sanpete and central Sevier 

Valleys, Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 199, 1907.

Lee, W. T., Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 217, 1908.

Melnzer, 0. E., Ground water in Juab, Millard, and Iron Counties, 

Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 277, 1911.

Carpenter, Everett, Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, 

Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 333, 1913.

Lupton, C. T., Oil and gas near Green River, Grand County, Utah: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 541, pp. 115-133, 1914.

Lupton, C. T., Geology and coal resources of Castle Valley in 

Carbon, Emery, and Sevier Counties, Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 628, 

1916.

Gregory, H. E., The Navajo country a geographic and hydrographic 

reconnaissance of parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U. S. Geol* 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 380, pp. 123-188, 1916.

Miser, H. D., The San Juan Canyon, southeastern Utah: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 538, p. 77, 1924.

White, W. N.. Note in regard to the Investigation in the Escalante 

Desert, Utah, on the discharge method of estimating ground-water supplies: U. S. Geol. Survey mimeographed memorandum, March 10, 1927.

White, W. N., A method of estimating ground-water supplies based 

on discharge by plants and evaporation from soil: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 659-A, 1932.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 231

Leggette, R. M., and Taylor, G. H., Ground-water supplies in the 

vicinity of Salt Lake City, Utah: U. S. Dept. Interior Press Mem. 

64395, July 23, 1932.

Israelson, 0. W., and McLaughlin, W. W., Drainage of land overlying 

an artesian ground-water reservoir (progress report): Utah. Agr. Coll. 

Exper. Sta. Bull. 242, 1932.

Taylor, G. H., and Leggette, R. M., Ground water relieves drought 

emergency: Eng. News-Record, vol. 115, no. 11, pp. 339-361, Sept. 12, 

1935.

Leggette, R. M., and Taylor, G. H., Geology and ground-water resources of Ogden Valley, Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey typewritten report 

released Sept. 17, 1935. Reference copies at offices of U. S. Geological 

Survey at Washington, D. G., and Salt Lake City, Utah; City of Ogden; 

and State engineer, Salt Lake City, Utah. Also U. S. Dept. Interior 

Press Mem. 106377, Sept. 17, 1935.

Dougall, G. M. P., and Watson, H. R., Ground-water atudy: Utah 

State Planning Board mimeographed report, September 1935.

Israelson, 0. W., and McLaughlin, W. W., Drainage of land overlying an artesian ground-water reservoir (final report): Utah Agr. Coll. 

Exper. Sta. Bull. S59, 1935. «

Waring, G. A., and Knechtel, M. M., Ground water in southeastern 

Utah and southwestern Colorado: U. S. Geol. Survey typewritten report 

released April 7, 1936. Reference copies at offices of U. S. Geological 

Survey at Washington, D. C.; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Denver, Colo. 

Also U. S. Dept. Interior Press Mem. 115346, Apr. 7, 1936.

CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS

The United States Geological Survey is now engaged in systematic 

ground-water investigation of the State of Utah, in cooperation with 

T. H. Humpherys, State engineer. In this investigation wells are being 

selected in the major ground-water areas and in smaller areas, so far as 

practicable, in which measurements of the static water level are made at 

periodic intervals. The interval between observations is about 6 weeks 

in areas of major ground-water development and 3 or 6 months in areas 

of minor Importance, the less frequent observations being made especially 

where the seasonal fluctuation of the static level is small. In a few 

critical areas it has been necessary to measure the water levels at more 

frequent intervals.

By the end of 1935 a total of about 230 wells had been selected for 

observation throughout the State, about 550 measurements of water levels 

in these wells had been made, and the discharge of most of the flowing 

observation wells had been measured. The selection of these wells began 

about August 1, 1935, and the number of measurements on each well during 

1935 ranged from one to five. In addition to the work on the selected 

observation wells, about 350 measurements were made on 241 miscellaneous 

wells, and about 75 wells were visited which could not be measured.
232 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

During 1935 L. E. Tueller, county agricultural agent of Iron County, 

made 149 measurements of the water levels in 14 wells in the vicinity of 

Cedar City. Howard Gospill, a rancher in the vicinity of Milford, made 

21 measurements on 10 wells in the Milford pumping district, in the Escalante Valley. Earl Lemmon, -f Willard, made 35 measurements of the 

water levels in his well during 1935. He had made 101 measurements in 

this well between 1917 and 1935. The records of these measurements have 

been made available to the Geological Survey.

The Salt Lake City Corporation has continued and locally enlarged 

upon the work that was carried on in cooperation with the Geological Survey during 1931-35 in the Jordan River Valley. During 1935 the city, 

with a personnel of four full-time and two part-time employees, made 

8,496 measurements on 156 wells that are measured weekly, 532 measurements on 62 wells that are measured monthly for all or part of the year, 

and 588 measurements on 422 other wells that are measured one or more 

times during the year a total of 9,616 measurements on 640 Individual 

wells. The city officials have kindly made available to the Geological 

Survey the data which they collected during 1935 on the wells that were 

used for observation during the period of the 1931-35 cooperation. These 

data consist of 1,723 measurements on 32 wells measured weekly, 117 measurements on 14 wells measured monthly during all or part of 1935, and 

200 measurements on 70 other wells measured one or more times during 

1935. The Geological Survey made 39 miscellaneous measurements on as 

many wells in the Jordan River Valley, which were also observed by the 

Salt Lake City Corporation, and 24 measurements on 24 wells in the Jordan 

River Valley observed neither by the Salt Lake City Corporation nor regularly under the State cooperative program.

Thus, records of 3,168 Individual measurements of the water level 

in 636 wells in Utah have been collected by the Geological Survey from 

the following sources: 923 measurements on 495 wells by the Geological 

Survey, 2,040 measurements on 116 wells by the Salt Lake City Corporation, and 205 measurements on 25 wells by individuals.

Records were obtained from five water-stage recorders operated 

on six wells in Ogden Valley during 1935. These recorders were continued in operation after the completion of the cooperative ground-water 

Investigation in Ogden Valley, by the courtesy of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, which is building the Pine View dam and reservoir, 

whiclf will inundate the major portion of the area of artesian flow.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 233

Salt Lake City maintained, for the Geological Survey, a pressure recorder 

on one .well and water-stage recorders on two wells during 1935j also 

pressure recorders on two other wells until August 1935. Between August 

1935 and February 1936 eight recorders were placed on wells in areas 

other than the Ogd'en and Jordan River Valleys. In addition, Salt Lake 

City operated 16 other recorders on 20 wells for a part or all of 1935. 

Thus, a total of 33 automatic recorders were being operated on wells in 

Utah February 1, 1936, and the records from 16 are available at the office of the United States Geological Survey in Salt Lake City.

All measurements of water levels in wells are made from the top of 

the well casing, well curb, or other point at the well which appears to 

be permanent. These points are always referred to the natural land surface at the well. The measuring points for nearly all the wells that 

have been observed in the Jordan River and Ogden Valleys have been tied 

to sea-level datum by instrumental levels, and a nearby bench mark of 

known altitude has been established. The measuring points for observation 

wells in other parts of the State have not yet been referred to sea-level 

datum nor to a nearby permanent bench mark. The State engineer is now engaged in accurately locating all wells upon which claims are being filed 

in accordance with the State ground-water law, and determining the sealevel altitude at these wells. He expects eventually to have such data 

complete for all wells in the State. The State engineer is also gathering all other available information concerning each well visited. Information from this source will be utilized whenever possible.

GROUND-WATER PROVINCES

Utah lies in four of the major ground-water provinces of the United

1 

States the Southwestern Bolson province, which occupies the western

part of the State; the Montana-Arizona Plateau province, which occupies 

the plateau region in the eastern and central parts of the State; the 

Northern Rocky Mountain province, which occupies some of the northeastern 

part of the State; and a very small portion of the Columbia Plateau Lava 

province, which occupies the extreme northwest corner of the State,

The largest supplies of ground water are found in the Southwestern

Bolson province. The major part of this province in Utah was once covered

2 

by the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, and now, especially in its northern

1 Meinzer, 0. E., The occurrence of ground water in the United

States: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, pp. 309-314, 1923.

2 Gilbert, G. K., Lake Bonneville: U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 1, 1890.
234 WATER LEA/ELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

part, it includes extensive flat lands, which were once the floor of the 

lake, and isolated mountain ranges of the Basin Range type, which projected 

above the highest lake level. The major mountain ranges and valleys have 

a general north-south trend. The area that was covered by the ancient 

Lake Bonneville is underlain by stream and lake deposits, in some places 

known to be more than 2,000 feet thick. The margins of this ancient lake 

are marked by conspicuous features of shore erosion and deposition, such 

as sea cliffs, wave-cut and wave-built terraces, beaches, spits and bars, 

and deltas. Especially prominent are the benches or terraces formed 

about 1,000 feet above the present level of Great Salt Lake during the 

Bonneville stage, the highest level reached by the lake, and about 600 

feet above the present Great Salt Lake during the Provo stage, the most 

strongly marked of all the shore lines. The sediments along the margin 

of the lake are ordinarily coarse but vary widely in character even over 

short distances, owing to the shifting of shore currents, stream currents, 

and wave action. On the benches or terraces where the coarsest sediments 

are found water-table conditions generally exist, and the water level is 

a considerable distance below the surface. At greater distances from 

the mountains beds of finer material, such as silt and clay, alternate 

with more permeable beds of sand and gravel, giving rise to artesian conditions in many parts of the area. The pumped wells on the benches 

usually yield large supplies of water. The artesian wells farthest from 

the mountains, where the aquifers consist of finer sediments, generally 

have the smallest yield. Shallow ground-water bodies are generally found 

above the artesian confining beds, the water table lying at variable 

depths below the surface, and often considerable amounts of water can be 

recovered from these sources. However, in many places, especially near 

the centers of the basins, the shallow water is of poor quality.

The precipitation is greatest along the western slope of the Vasatch 

Mountains, and hence the most abundant supplies of both ground and stirface water are found In the adjacent valleys. Of the several groundwater areas, four of the most intensively developed the Utah Lake 

Valley, the Jordan River Valley, the East Shore area, and the Malad and 

lower Bear River Valley are located in this zone just west of the 

Wasatch Mountains.

That part of the Montana-Arizona Plateau province which lies in 

Utah consists mainly of the Colorado River basin, which occupies about 

half of the State but contains only about one-eighth of the population.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 235

3 

Melnzer Includes the part of the Sevler River Basin above the Sevler

Canyon in this Montana-Arizona province, and It Is so classified In this 

report. However, preliminary field examination Indicates that, because 

of the similarity of ground-water conditions, some of the Sevler River 

Basin below the canyon between Marysvale and Sevler may finally be 

classified with the Southwestern Bolson province.

Ground-water developments In the part of the Northern Rocky Mountain 

province which lies In Utah are very small. The area Is extremely rugged 

and mountainous but contains small Intermontane valleys. Most of the 

water supplies come from mountain springs and streams} only a few from 

shallow wells. Practically no published Information Is available concerning ground-water supplies or conditions In this province, and the 

area has not been studied during the current Investigation. It Is 

probable, however, that considerable ground water could be recovered 

from the valley fill of several of the Intermontane valleys. The water 

for summer Irrigation and much of the water contributed as recharge to 

ground-water bodies at lower altitudes is derived from the snow which 

falls upon this area and which, owing to the high altitudes and low 

temperatures, often remains throughout the summer. Local precipitation 

Is insufficient to sustain ground-water levels and Irrigation at lower 

altitudes, and when the snowfall In the high mountains of this area Is 

deficient there Is a resulting shortage of summer water in the lower 

cultivated areas. Thus, the conditions that exist in the Northern Rocky 

Mountain province, although not conducive to developments of ground water 

within the province, are most necessary to supply water for the recharge 

of ground-water bodies and for Irrigation in adjacent provinces.

Only a very small part of the northwest corner of the State Is Included In the Columbia Plateau Lava province. Practically no groundwater develbpments have been made in this area, and It Is unimportant 

as a future source of ground water in Utah.

GROUND-WATER DEVELOPMENTS AND OBSERVATION WELLS

The following tables give estimates concerning the number of wells 

In the areas that have been discussed, the common depth and diameter of 

the wells, and the common use of the ground water recovered by the wells. 

 For the Jordan River and Ogden Valleys the estimated number of wells Is 

believed to be nearly correct. The remainder of the estimates are subject to extensive revision as more information becomes available.

3 Meinzer, 0. E., op. clt., pi. 31.
256 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

However, the estimates here given serve to indicate the general conditions 

in the different areas with respect to the present ground-water development s .

Ground-water developments in the Southwestern Bolson province

Estimated data concerning wells

Area

Cedar City Valley

Parowan Valley

Beaver Valley

Escalante Valley

Pavant Valley

Sevier Desert

Utah Lake Valley

Juab Valley

Cedar Valley

Tooele Valley

Rush Valley

Jordan River Valley

East Shore area

Malad and lower

Bear River Valley

Blue Springs Valley

Park Valley

Cache Valley

Ogden Valley

Number 

in 

area

50-150

25-75

25-75

200-400

50-100

500-1,500

2,000-4,000

50-150

25-50

300-500

50-150

2,700-3,000

2,500-3,500

200-1,000

25-75

25-75

1,000-3,000

150-170

Common 

depth 

(feet)

50-200

75-500

- 150-350

40-100

300-400

200-500

100-300

100-200

50-400

100-300

50-250

40-700

200-600

50-200

100-400

15-250

Common 

diameter 

(inches)

6-12

4-12

2-8

10-16

6-10

ii

2-4

2-12

2-10

2-3

2-8

2-4

2-4

2-60

2-4

2-60

Common use

Irr. Dom.

Irr.

Dom.

Irr.

Irr.

Dom.

Irr.

Stoc

Dom.

Dom.

Dom.

Dom.

Dom.

Irr.

Dom.

Dom.

Irr.

P. S

Dom.,

Stock,

Dom.

Dom.

Stock

Dom.

£, Irr.

Stock

Irr.

Stock

Irr.

Irre ,

Stock

Stock

Stock,

Stock

, Dom.

Stock

Irr.

Stock

Observation wells in the Southwestern Bolson province

Area

Cedar City Valley

Parowan Valley

Beaver Valley

Escalante Valley

Pavante Valley

Sevier Desert

Utah Lake Valley

Juab Valley

Cedar Valley

Tooele Valley

Rush Valley

Jordan River Valley

East Shore area

Malad and lower Bear

Valley

Blue Springs Valley

Park Valley

Cache Valley

Ogden Valley

Number of 

recorders 

operating 

Feb. 1. 1936

1

0

0

1

1

0

2

0

0

0

0

4

1

0

0

0

0

5

Number of 

observation 

wells in 1935

9

6

5

24

V

11

15

6

2

9

5

20

23

10

1

3

8

0

Date of 

earliest 

available 

periodic 

measurement

1931

1935

1935

1925

1929

1935

1935

1955

1935

1935

1935

1931

1935

1935

1935

1935

1935

1932
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 237 

Ground-water developments In the Montana-Arizona Plateau province

Estimated data concerning wells

Area

Central Sevler Valley 

Upper Sevler Valley 

Sanpete Valley 

Grass Valley 

Ulnta Baaln

Number 

In 

area

1,000-1,800 

25-150 

2,500-3,500 

25-75 

(?)

Common 

depth 

(feet)

50-200 

20-150 

100-200 

100-200 

(?)

Common 

diameter 

( inches )

14-2 

2-48

ljr-2 

lf-2 

(?)

Common use

Irr., Dom. 

Dom., Stock 

Stock, Irr. 

Dom., Stock, Irr, 

Dom., Irr.

Observation wella In the Montana-Arizona Plateau province

Area

Central Sevler Valley 

Upper Sevler Valley 

Sanpete Valley 

Grass Valley 

Ulnta Basin

Number of 

recorders 

operating 

Feb. 1, 1936

0 

0 

2 

0 

0

Number of 

observation 

wells In 1935

20 

6 

21 

2 

. 13

Date of 

earliest 

available 

periodic 

measurement

1935 

1935 

1935 

1935 

1935

GROUND-WATER LEVELS

Detailed data on ground-water levels In the various ground-water 

areaa In the State are available only for the Jordan River and Ogden 

Valleys. With the exception of the records obtained from automatic recorders, only from one to five periodic measurements have been obtained 

on observation wells In other areas. Residents In most of the developed 

ground-water areas report a general lowering of ground-water levels in 

recent years. The decline Is probably due In part to smaller recharge 

during the recent years of subnormal precipitation and In lesser part 

to Increased ground-water withdrawal to supplement the decreased surfacewater supply. In some areas the decline of the ground-water levels has 

become alarming to the residents, biit It Is believed that with normal 

precipitation and the stoppage of waste from flowing wells the groundwater levels In most areas will return to normal unless large future 

developments are made.

The State engineer made a special effort during the fall and winter 

of 1935 to eliminate waste from flowing artesian wells, to conform to the 

law, enacted during 1935, regulating the use of ground water. Many wells 

that heretofore have wasted large quantities of water have been controlled 

and the beneficial effects of this conservation are evident in the rise 

of the ground-water levels in several areas the rise being as much as 

20 feet income places. 

77056 O 36 16
238 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Sufficient observations to show the general trend of the water 

levels are available for wells in only a few localities in the State. 

Brief descriptions of ten of these wells and records showing the fluctuations of the water level in them are given in the following pages. The 

following table summarizes the annual change in water levels in nine of 

these wells.

Annual changes, in feet, in water levels in nine observation wells in Utah. 

Well no. Ground-water area. 1930 1951 1952 1933 1934 1935

(A-6-l)l2aa Ogden Valley .... .... .... +0.1 -3.4 +0.4

(B-7-2)2ab . Lower Bear River

	Valley .... .... .... .... a-5.0 - .3

(C-21-5)21ab Pavant area -1.9 -4.5 a-2.5 a+1.5 a-2.0 a- .5

(C-29-10)6dd Escalante Valley .... .... .... a- .6 a- .9 - .8

(C-35-ll)33aa Cedar City Valley .... .... +1.0 0 -10.0 +1.4

(C-2-l)22bd Jordan River Valley.... .... -1.6 -2.1 a-5.5 a-3.8

(D-2-l)4dc do. .... .... +2.5 + .2 -7.5 +2.1

(D-2-l)7bc do. .... .... .... .... - .7 - .9

(D-2-l)8ad do. .... .... a+ .8 + .1 +4.1 +1.2

a Estimated.

Well (A-6-l)l2aa

Description. City of Ogden, owner. An S-J-inch nonflowing artesian 

well, drilled 108 feet deep by H. M. Robinson; cased the entire depth with 

8i-inch open-end unperforated steel casing. Drilled in 1932 for tests by 

the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Ogden.

Location. In Ogden Valley, in the NE^NE^ sec. 12, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., 

Salt Lake base and meridian; about 1,200 feet south and 500 feet west from 

the northeast corner of sec. 12, a short distance below the upper limits 

of the Ogden Valley artesian area, about half a mile east of a group of 

small flowing wells used by a fish hatchery, and about 2 miles east of 

about 50 flowing wells used by the city of Ogden for a municipal supply. 

The withdrawal from these wells ranges between about 13 and 20 second-feet.

Log of well 

(By U. S. Geological Survey)

ThicknessDepth 

___________________________________________(feet)_____(feet)

Top soil 1.5 1.5 

Gravel and sand, coarse, as large as 1.5 inches in

diameter 8.5 10

Clay, gray, sand, and gravel 12 22

Clay, bluish gray 13 35

Clay, silty, considerable sand (some coarse), brown 3 38

Gravel, sand, and clay, grayish brown 2 40

Gravel, brown, and coarse sand 7 47

Sand, chiefly fine, some medium to coarse, yellow 4 51

Gravel and coarse sand, yellow 4 55

Sand, fine to medium, yellow 10 65

Gravel and coarse sand, yellow 3 68

Clay, laminated, brown, black, and gray 6 74 

Alternate layers of fine sand, coarse sand, and

gravel; some layers contain yellow clay and silt 34 108
WATER LEVELS AMD ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 239

Measuring point. Top of recording-gage platform, 4.0 feet above surface, 4,884.12 feef above mean sea level, United States Geological Survey 

datum.

Observations. The measurements of this well show an annual cycle 

of water-level fluctuations, the highest yearly water level occurring during May or June and the lowest during February or March. The low-water 

level during September or October of each year is an artificial condition 

caused by heavy summer withdrawals from the artesian basin. During 

November and December the recovery from the effects of the heavy summer 

withdrawals gives a double amplitude to the curve of the yearly cycle. 

The water level was nearly as high during the summer of 1935 as during 

any other period of the record. This gain, occurring immediately after 

the drought of 1934, when the water level dropped to the extreme low 

point of the period of record, illustrates the rapid recharge of the 

ground-water basin when there is available sufficient precipitation and 

surface-water run-off over the recharge area. The investigation of the 

Ogden Valley has led to the conclusion that unless there should in the 

future be heavy pumping from wells in the recharge area, the artesianwater supply will be perennially adequate for at least the present rate 

of consumption, and moreover, that somewhat greater utilization of the 

artesian reservoir would be possible by making heavier withdrawals at 

times when the water is needed and inducing greater recharge at times of 

surplus water.

An automatic water-stage recorder has been maintained on this well 

since September 1932. The following table of well measurements includes 

only a sufficient number to outline the general trend of the water level. 

The complete record is available at the office of the United States Geological Survey in Salt Lake City.

Water levels in well (A-6-l)l2aa, 

in feet above or below the measuring point

Date

Sept. 17, 1932

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 2

23

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1, 1933

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Water 

level

-11.58

-11.50

-11.07

-10.41

-10.35

-10.24

-10.74

-11.46

-12.05

-13.07

-13.83

-14.36

-14.53

-13.28

-10.65

-9.72

-9.43

-9.18

-8.96

-9.00

-9.31

-10.19

-10.76

-11.10

-11.61

-11.56

-11.45

Date

Nov. 1, 1933

15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1, 1934

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

16

Dec. 1

Water 

level

-10.92

-10.97

-10.96

-10.79

-11.35

-11.78

-12.38

-12.83

-12.75

-12.07

-11.04

-10.28

-9.52

-9.87

-10.29

-10.91

-11.71

-12.67

-13.79

-14.93

-16.34

-17.31

-18.25

-18.20

-17.24

-15.60

-14.81

Date

Dec. 15,

Jan. 1,

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1,

9

Water 

level

1934 -14.86

1935 -14.77

-14.51

-14.06

-12.96

-11.69

-10.80

-10.16

-9.73

-9.34

-9.38

-9.08

-9.20

-9.20

-9.62

-10,52

-11.15

-11.82

-12.56

-13.05

-13.22

-12.40

-12.88

-13.14

-13.54

1936 -14.32

-14.76

Well (B-7-2)2ab

Description. Earl Lemmon, owner. Irrigation and domestic well, dug 

and drilled 65 feet deep; size 4 by 6 feet from 0 to 44 feet, 10 inches 

from 44 to 65 feet; cased 44 to 65 feet with unperforated steel casing. 

Dug to 44 feet by the owner in January 1914; deepened to 65 feet in April 

1934.
240 WATER LEVEL*AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Location. In Boxelder County, In the NW-J-NEi sec. 2, T. 7 N., R. 2 W., 

Salt Lake "base and meridian; In pumphouse at northeast comer of orchard, 

225 feet northeast of house. Well Is on the moderately steep gravel slope 

at the foot of the Wasatch Range, within and near the edge of the area 

submerged by Lake Bonneville, In the recharge area of an artesian area 

farther west; there are no withdrawals of ground water to the east.

Log of well 

(Authority, driller)

Gravel and sand

Quicksand

Clay, red

Gravel, coarse

Thickness 

(feet)

36

8

5

16

Depth 

(feet)

36

44

49

65

Measuring point. In the period May 27, 1917, to August 1, 1932, 

"bottom of base plate", 35.3 feet below surface; in the period beginning 

May 5, 1934, top of 10-inch casing, east side, 43.5 feet below surface.

Observations. According to available measurements, the water level 

in 1934-35 was considerably lower than in the same season in 1919-20. 

In 1932 it rose to nearly the maximum stage reached in 1922. The slight 

rise of the water level at the end of 1934 appears to be correlative with 

unusually heavy rain during the preceding month. The much greater rise 

each spring is likewise due in part to the precipitation in the immediate 

vicinity of the well but is probably due in a larger part to recharge 

from run-off from the mountains at the east.

All available measurements of the water level in this well are 

tabulated below, and all measurements were made by the owner of the well 

except as noted.

Water levels in well (B-7-2)2ab, 

in feet above or below the measuring point

Date

May 27, 1917

June 1

3

5

June 1, 1918

Apr. 5, 1919

June 3

Feb. 15, 1920

23

Mar. 1

May 26

Apr. 16

27

May 9

14

20

30

June 12

Mar. 25, 1921

Apr. 10

15

25

May 7

19

23

June 5

15

26

Apr. 28, 1922

May 12

Water 

level

-1.75

-1.25

-1.00

-.85

-2.50

Dry

-12.00

-14.50

-15.00

-15.00

-15.00

-14.90

-14.15

-13.35

-12.25

-11.15

-9.00

-8.40

-9.25

-8.50

-7.90

-7.25

-6.50

-4.50

-3.50

-2.50

-2.00

-2.00

-4.15

-.50

Date

June 1, 1922

June 10

Apr. 29, 1923

May 14

27

June 15

May 27, 1924

June 16

23

Dec. 11, 1931

20

26

Jan. 1, 1932

6

16

20

30

Feb. 5

10

25

Mar. 1

10

25

30

Apr. 5

10

15

20

May 1

5

Water 

level

+ .35

+1.00

-4.65

-3.85

-3.00

-2.75

-5.60

-6.15

-6.35

-11.35

-11.45

-11.40

-11.60

-11.70

-11.80

-11.85

-11.90

-11.95

-12.00

-12.05

-11.95

-11.40

-10.85

-10.25

-9.90

-9.35

-8.60

-8.40

-5.75

-4.50

Date

May 15, 1932

20

25

June 5

15

Aug. 1

May 5, 1934

20

25

30

June 6

14

22

28

July 6

11

17

25

30

Aug. 5

17

25

30

Sept. 5

15

20

30

Oct. 7

14

Nov. 6

Water 

level

-2.10

-.50

.00

+ .35

+ .25

-.10

-2,55

-2.85

-3.00

-3.15

-3.35

-3.55

-3.80

-4.00

-4.25

-4.40

-4.60

-4.85

-5.15

-5.40

-5.50

-5.60

-5.80

-5.90

-6.15

-6.25

-6.45

-6.60

-6.70

-7.10
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 241

Water levels in well (B-7-2)2ab - Continued

Date

Nov. 10, 1934

16

25

Dec. 1

10

15

20

31

Jan. 5, 1935

16

25

Feb. 1

16

25

Water 

level

-7.15

-7.20

-7.35

-7.40

-7.45

-7.45

-7.45

-7.36

-7.35

-7.40

-7.50

-7.55

-7.65

-7.65

Date

Mar. 3, 1935

10

25

Apr. 1

7

15

26

30

May 12

20

29

June 5

10

15

Water 

level

-7.65

-7.70

-7.70

-7.55

-7o40

-70 40

-6.60

-6.25

-5.25

-4.65

-4.25

-3.60

-3.25

-2.75

Date

June 21,

25

July 4

20

30

Aug. 15

25

Sept. 10

21

Oct. 5

27

Dec. 7

Water 

level

1935 -2.75

-2.85

-3.10

-3.75

-4.15

-4 0 85

-5.25

-5.85

-6.10

a -6.51

a -7.00

a -7.42

a By U. S. Geological Survey.

Well (C-21-5)21ab

Description. State of Utah, owner. Unused, nonflowing artesian well, 

drilled 246 feet deep, diameter 6i Inches, cased 220 feet with unperforated 

steel casing. Drilled by Jack Wllklns In March 1917.

Location. In the Plowell area, Mlllard County, In the NWiNEi sec. 21, 

T. 21 S., R. 5 W., Salt Lake base and meridian; about 100 feet south and 

0.35 mile west from the northeast corner of sec. 21. Well Is along the 

eastern margin of the Plowell artesian area, which was submerged by Lake 

Bonnevllle. The only known ground-water withdrawals between this well and 

the recharge area are by a few wells equipped with windmills, but west of 

this well there are several flowing artesian wells, which are used for irrigation.

Log of well 

(Authority, driller)

Thickness 

(feet)

Soil (fresh-water fossils) .

Boulders

Gravel- surface water encountered

at 12 feet

Clay

Gravel

Clay

Gravel

Clay

Gravel

Clay

Hardpan

Clay

Gravel, cemented

Clay

Hardpan

Gravel

Clay

Gravel; flowing water

Clay

Gravel} flowing water

Clay

2

8

10

5

10

7

6

14

11

41

5

10

14

8

5

7

48

5

4

16

10

Depth 

(feet)

2

10

20

25

35

42

48

62

73

114

119

129

143

151

156

163

211

216

220

236

246

Measuring point, Top of coupling on 6-|-inch casing, which is 1.5 

feet above surface.
242 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Observations. This well is reported to have been a flowing artesian 

well prior to 1927. The further development of ground water in the area 

and years of low precipitation have caused the water level to decline 

materially during the period of observation. It has been successively 

lower each year since 1929, except In the spring of 1934, when the water 

level was about 2 feet higher than during March 1933. The total decline 

from January 1930 to January 1936 is about 10 feet an average decline 

of 1 2/3 feet a year. The measurements show that the highest water level 

occurs during February- and March, and the lowest during September of each 

year. For several years an ordinance in Millard County has required the 

capping of flowing wells for 6 months of each year, and wells in the 

Flowell district are generally closed from October 1 to April 1. However, 

marginal wells that do not flow during the summer are permitted to remain open throughout October and March. The water level in well 

(C-21-5)21ab conmonly rises about 5 feet within a few days of October 1 

and rises still more after the marginal wells are closed November 1. 

Likewise, in the spring a slight decline of the static level during 

March appears to result from the opening of marginal wells, and a much 

greater decline follows the opening of the larger flowing wells during 

April. The measurements Indicate that the annual withdrawals have been 

in excess of the annual recharge to the ground-water basin except In the 

winter of 1933-34, which followed a year of about normal precipitation.

An automatic water-stage recorder was installed on this well September 26, 1935. Measurements of depth to water prior to September 19, 

1935, were made by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; thereafter 

by the United States Geological Survey. The following table shows all 

available measurements of the water level In this well prior to September 

26, 1935, and only a sufficient number of measurements to outline the 

general trend of the water level subsequent to that date. The complete 

record is available at the office of the United States Geological Survey 

at Salt Lake City.

Water levels in well (C-21-5)21ab /

Date

May 26, 1929

June 21

July 27

Aug. 7

Oct. 1

Nov. 4

Dec. 4

Jan. 4, 1930

Feb. 4

Mar. 4

30

May 1

June 3

July 1

Aug. 1

Sept. 1

26

Jan. 1, 1931

Mar. 1

Water 

level

-17.4

-17.9

-17.8

-17.75

-17.0

-11.8

-7.6

-6.6

-5.1

-4.4

-7.0

-15.8

-17.6

-18,0

-18.8

-19.5

-19.2

-8.5

-7.9

Date

Apr. 1, 1931

June 4

Aug. 4

Sept. 2

29

Nov. 3

Dec. 3

Jan. 3, 1932

Feb. 3

Mar. 1

30

Apr. 5

May 1

16

June 1

July 12

Mar. 1, 1933

May 1

Oct. 1

Water 

level

-10.4

-19.2

-21.6

-21.6

-22.0

-15.25

-13.25

-13.0

-12.8

-12.8

-13.8

-19.0

-20.5

-22.8

-23.0

-23.4

-15.2

-23.8

-22.8

Date

Dec. 3,

Jan. 11,

Mar. 1

Apr. 1

May 1

June 6

July 2

Sept. 1

Sept. 19,

30

Oct. 3

10

20

31

Nov. 15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1,

Water 

level

1933 -15.0

1934 -14.0

-13.2

-13.8

-21.25

-22.75

-23.25

-24.6

1935 -26.66

-25.73

-24.00

-25.44

-21.46

-20.63

-19.77

-18.21

-17.54

1936 -16.98

Well (C-29-10)6dd

Des eription. Duluth Land Co., owner. Unused well, dug and drilled 

73 feet deep; 4- by 6-foot wood-curbed pit dug 38 feet deep; cased from 

37 to 73 feet with 14-Inch perforated Colorado casing (a riveted galvanized- iron casing, ordinarily pro perforated; aee Code, W. E., Construction of irrigation wells In Colorado: Colorado Exper. Sta. Bull. 415, 

pp. 13-15, 1935). Drilled In 1921.

Location, -In the northern part of Escalante Valley, Beaver County, 

in the SEiSEf sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 10 W., Salt Lake base and meridian, 

about 0.15 mile west and 75 feet north from the southeast corner of 

sec. 6; In an area submerged by Lake Bonneville. The nearest well pumped 

for Irrigation Is about half a mile to the east, and the district of most 

intensive pumping occupies a zone 1 to 3 miles to the north.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 243

Log of well 

(Authority, driller)

Soil

Gravel

Clay

Gravel

Thickness 

(feet)

11

39

4

19

Depth 

(feet)

11

50

54

73

Measuring point.- Top of 2- by 4-inch collar on wooden curb, west 

aide of well, at surface. Measurement February 3, 1936, by United States 

Geological Survey; all others by Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

Water levels in well (C-29-10)6dd

E

June

Apr.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

ate

22;

6

3

4

2

30

1 QPl

1929

1932

Water 

level

-30.0

-34.0

-35.5

-37.2

-37.8

-38.2

-38.4

-38.0

TWar*

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Mar.

Date

5,

£'4

i

i

4

4

11.

1932

1933

1934

Water 

level

_ * ? p

-36.9

-36.6

-36.4

-36.0

-36.3

-36.4

-36.9

May

June

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

May

Feb.

Date

10

2

io f

10

20

5

3,

1934

1935

1936

Water 

level

-36.7

-37.2

-38.5

-38,4

-38.3

-38.0

-38.2

-39.2

Well (C-33-9)6dc

Description. Hugh L. Adams, owner. Irrigation, stock, and domestic 

well, dug and drilled 499 feet deep; 5- by 5-foot concrete-lined pit, 76 

feet deep; cased from 75 to 490 feet with 4^-inch steel casing, perforated 

as shown in log. Drilled in February 1925.

Location.- In Parowan Valley, Iron County, in the SW-£SE-|- sec. 36, 

T. 33 S., R. 9 W., Salt Lake base and meridian; 1,261 feet east and 32 

feet north from the south quarter corner of sec. 36; in pumphouse at 

southeast corner of reservoir. Well is in an artesian area higher than 

the highest stage of Lake Bonneville. Marked seasonal fluctuations result from withdrawals from this well and from other irrigation wells to 

the south and west.

Log of well 

(Authority, driller)

Thickness 

(feet)

No record

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand,

Sand

Clay

and

and

and

and

and

and

and

and

gravel

gravel

gravel

gravel

gravel

gravel

gravel

gravel

(12 perforations)

(13 perforations)

(2 perforations)

(6 perforations)

(12 perforations)

(6 perforations)

fine

and gravel (6 perforations)

76

9

23

20

5

23

8

12

9

5

2

6

4

6

8

12

4

25

4

3

7

Depth 

(feet)

76

85

108

128

131

154

162

174

183

188

190

196

200

206

214

226

230

255

259

262

269
244 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Log of well (C-33-9)6dc - Continued

Thickness 

(feet)

Sand and gravel (8 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (5 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (4 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (16 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (5 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (6 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (6 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (8 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (5 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (6 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (10 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (8 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel (11 perforations)

Clay

Sand and gravel

6

27

4

12

3

15

11

4

3

8

6

3

4

5

6

9

5

4

6

3

10

39

8

7

14

6

2

Depth 

(feet)

275

302

306

318

321

336

347

351

354

362

368

371

375

380

386

395

400

404

410

413

423

462

470

477

491

497

499

Total perforations, 155} size 3/8 by 1 3/8 inches

Measuring point. Top of concrete curb, at arrow along northeast 

side of pit, which Is at surface; 5,796.2 feet above sea level, United 

States Geological Survey datum. Measurements by the Utah Agricultural 

Experiment Station except on January 31, 1936.

Water levels in well (C-33-9)6dc

Date

Feb. ..,

May 31,

July 8

Aug. 25

Sept. 28

Dec. 28

Jan. . .,

May ..

Water 

level

1925 -32.0

1933 a-69.3

a-69.8

a-70.1

a-70.5

a-70.5

1934 a-70.3

a-64.8

Date

July 18,

Oct. 31

Nov. ..

Dec. 19

Jan. 29,

Feb. ..

Mar. 14

Apr. 22

Water 

level

1934 a-68.8

-46.8

-46.8

-45.3

1935 -50.8

-49.8

-44.3

-44.8

Date

May 31.,

June 24

July 19

Aug. 31

Oct. 22

Nov. 18

Dec. 20

Jan. 31,

Water 

level

1935 a-73.0

a-72.0

a-72.0

a-73.0

-48.3

-47,3

-46.8

1936 -45.8

a Pumping.

Well (C-35-ll)33aa

Description. Cottonwood Irrigation Co., owner, 

well; diameter 15^ inches; cased with 15^-lnch stovepipe casing.

Drilled Irrigation

Complete 

Information concerning this well has not yet been obtained.

Location.' In Cedar City Valley, Iron County, in the NEiNE^ sec. 33, 

T. 35 S., R. 11 W., Salt Lake base and meridian; along west side of field 

about 30 feet east of lane; in an area higher than the highest stage of 

Lake Bonnevllle. Both flowing and nonflowing artesian wells are found In 

the vicinity. This well Is along the eastern margin of a district of intensive pumping of ground water for irrigation.

Log of well. Not available.

Measuring point. Top of 15^-lnch casing at seam, which is at surface.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 245

Observations. The measurements of the water level In this well do 

not show a diatlnct annual cycle, although the riae due to spring recharge and the decline during the Irrigation season are definitely indicated. More frequent measurements would probably show a definite 

annual cycle. The total decline between January 1931 and January 1936 

was about 9 feet an average of about 1.8 feet a year. However, during January of 1932, 1933, and 1934 the water level was nearly the 

same; it declined about 10 feet between January 1934 and January 1935 

and rose about 1.4 feet between January 1935 and January 1936. The 

seasonal fluctuation of the static water level, amounting to 2 or 3 

feet, is probably due in part to the heavy withdrawals in the district 

of intensive pumping. The measurements prior to January 29, 1936, 

were made by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

Water levels in well (C-35-ll)33aa

Date

Oct. 8,

Nov. 5

Jan. 8,

Feb. 18

Mar. 31

Apr. 23

May 27

June 23

July 28

Aug. 29

Sept. 30

Oct. 28

Nov. 30

Water 

level

1931 -57.7

-56.5

1932 -56.0

-56.0

-53.5

-53.7

-52,3

-52.0

a-69.5

a-71.0

-53.9

-53.7

-55.0

Date

Dec. 27,

Jan. . . ,

Mar. 30

Apr. 28

July 8

Sept. 28

Dec. 28

Jan. ..,

May ..

July 13

Oct. 25

Nov. ..

Dec. 20

Water 

level

1932 -55.0

1933 -55.0

-52.2

-53.5

a-71.0

-60.0

-56.0

1934 -55.0

a-74.5

a-75.0

-67.0

-67.5

-64.5

Date

Jan. 29,

Feb. ..

Mar. 18

Apr. 22

May 31

June 29

July 27

Oct. 31

Dec. 28

Jan. 29,

Feb. 2

Water 

level

1935 -65.0

-65.0

-62*2

-63.0

-62.0

-64.0

-64.3

-67.5

-64.0

1936 -63.62

-63.40

a Pumping.

Well (C-2-l)22bd (field no. 57)

Description. Walter A. Diamond, owner. A 3-inch Jetted well, report ed~3eprEn^S4" feet, nonflowing but probably artesian; not used; equipped 

with an abandoned windmill; steel casing, depth and finish unknown, probably unperforated and open at end.

Location, In the Jordan River Valley, Salt Lake County, in the 

SEiNW-i sec. 22, T. 2 S., R. IE., Salt Lake base and meridian; about 

2,100 feet east and 1,900 feet south from the northwest corner of sec. 22; 

near west side of railroad right of way, about 150 feet west of Redwood 

Road. This well is in an area of essentially no ground-water development 

and 3 to 4 miles southwest of the highly developed ground-water area in 

the vicinity of Murray, Utah.

Log of well. None available .

Measuring point. Top of casing at surface; 4,435.37 feet above mean 

sea level, United States Geological Survey datum.

Observations. The water level in this well is highest during August 

or September and lowest during May. According to the hydrograph for this 

well, the water level is not appreciably affected by withdrawals from 

nearby wells, although the withdrawals in the main artesian basin may have 

been partly responsible for the general downward trend since the observations were begun, in 1931. Prom October 1931 to October 1935 the total 

decline of the water level was about 15.5 feet, an average decline of 

nearly 4 feet a year. The greatest annual decline was about 6.5 feet 

between October 1938 and October 1934 a year of extreme drought. Although the water level in this well had a downward trend from. 1931 to 

1933, the water level in well (D-2-l)4do had an upward trend notwithstanding the heavy ground-water withdrawals near that well. This difference Is probably explained by the greater opportunity for ground-water 

recharge on the east side of the Jordan River Valley from precipitation, 

surface-water run-off, and Irrigation.

All measurements on this well were made by hand. Only a sufficient 

number have been tabulated below to outline the general trend of the water 

level. The complete record Is available at the office of the United 

States Geological Survey at Salt Lake City, Utah.
246 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels In well (C-2-l)22bd

Date

Sept. 12, 1931

Oct. 7

Nov. 10

Dec. 11

Jan. 8, 1932

Feb. 11

Mar. 10

Apr. 14

May 12

June 16

July 14

Aug. 11

Water 

level

-68.35

-69.55

-70.62

-72.06

-73.45

-74.43

-75.39

-76.42

-77.33

-76.20

-74.85

-73.22

Date

Sept. 15, 1932

Oct. 13

Nov. 17

Dec. 15

Jan. 19, 1933

Feb. 16

Mar. 16

Apr. 13

May 18

June 8

July 6

Aug. 17

Water 

level

-72.75

-72.78

-73.56

-74.55

-75.45

-76.43

-77.14

-78.13

-78.63

-78.20

-76.30

-74.07

Date

Oct. 9,

Nov. 13

Dec. 21

Jan. 11,

Aug. 6

Oct. 30

May 15,

June 17

Oct. 7

25

Water 

level

1933 -74.85

-76.06

-77.15

1934 -77.56

-80.97

-81.45

1935 a-85.02

a-84.81

a-84.85

-85.17

a By Salt Lake City Corporation.

Well (D-2-l)4dc (field no. 80)

Description. Matt Templeman, owner. A Jetted, artesian well; not 

used, formerly used for domestic purposes and irrigation. Reported depth 

310 feetj 3-Inch open-end unperforated steel casing the entire depth. 

Jetted during 1923 by W. D. Harkness, Murray, Utah.

Location.- In the Jordan River Valley, Salt Lake County, In the

sec. 4, T. 2 S., R. 1 E., Salt Lake base and meridian; about 1,600 

feet west and 950 feet north from the southeast corner of sec. 4; under 

an apple tree about 75 feet southeast of owner's residence. It Is on 

the valley floor, near the toe of the Prove Bench, between the recharge 

area and the most extensively developed ground-water area of Salt Lake 

County. There are numerous flowing wells to the west within half a mile 

of this well. Practically no ground-water withdrawals are made between 

this well and the recharge area.

Log of well. None available.

Measuring point. Top of casing, at surface; 4,384.13 feet above mean 

sea level, United States Geological Survey datum.

Ob seryations. The water-level measurements show a yearly cycle with 

the highest level during July, August, or September and the lowest level 

during March or April of each normal year. Natural ground-water recharge 

begins during April or May. The general upward trend of the water level 

during 1931, 1932, and 1933 shows that the amount of water stored in the 

ground was Increasing during that period, in spite of the Increasing 

development of ground water in the area. During 1934 there was essentially no replenishment of the ground water, and this, coupled with increased ground-water withdrawals, caused the water level to drop continuously from August 1933 to November 1934. Some recharge of the groundwater body occurred during the summer of 1935, but the amount was considerably below the normal. The highest water level during 1935 was 

about 7 feet lower, than the highest level during 1933. The large drop 

in the water level during 1933 and 1934 was probably caused more by the 

low precipitation and absence of water available for recharge than by increased withdrawals. A great many measurements were made on this well 

which are not tabulated below, only a sufficient number being given to 

show the general trend of the water level in the well. All the measurements are available at the office of the United States Geological Survey 

at Salt Lake City, Utah. The tabulated measurements for the period 

September 16, 1931, to August 18, 1932, were made by the United States 

Geological Survey; thereafter by the Salt Lake City Corporation.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 247

Water levels In well (D-2-l)4dc

Date

Sept. 16, 1931

Oct. 15

Nov. 5

Dec. 7

Jan. 5, 1932

Feb. 15

25

Mar. 17

Apr. 21

May 19

June 16

July 21

Aug. 18

Sept. 17

Oct. 15

Nov. 26

Dec. 16

Jan. 23, 1933

Water 

level

-1.76

-2.17

-2.56

-3.20

-3.44

-4.11

-4.41

-4.49

-4.41

-3.88

-2.40

-.14

+ .45

+ .58

+.84

+ .10

-.36

-.91

Date

Feb. 16, 1933

Mar. 17

Apr. 18

May 13

June 19

July 18

Aug. 14

Sept. 18

Oct. 24

Nov. 20

Dec. 27

Jan. 15, 1934

Feb. 19

Mar. 19

Apr. 16

May 18

June 18

July 19

Water 

level

-1.30

-1.37

-1.91

-2.42

-.66

+1.03

+1.72

+1,25

+ .82

+ .47

-.46

-.67

-1.73

-2.32

-2.99

-3.65

-4.05

-6.10

Date

Aug. 17, 1934

Sept. 17

Oct. 26

Nov. 21

Dec. 18

Jan. 15, 1935

Feb. 20

Mar. 19

Apr. 18

May 14

June 19

July 25

Aug. 20

Sept .18

Oct. 15

Nov. 14

Dec. 11

Jan. 6, 1936

Water 

level

-6.30

-8.04

-9.26

-9.16

-8.59

-8.19

-8.08

-8.01

-8.31

-8.09

-6.86

-5.16

-5.57

-6.20

-6.53

-5.91

-5.84

-6.07

Well (D-2-l)7bc (field no. 1391)

Description. American Smelting & Refining Co., owner. A jetted 

artesian well, not used; formerly used for domeatic purposes. Measured 

depth of well November 16, 1933, 184 feet. Cased with 2-inch open-end 

unperforated steel casing, probably to bottom of well. Date of jetting 

unknown but probably before 1925.

Location. In the Jordan River Valley, Salt Lake County, in the

sec. 7, T. 2 S., R. 1 E., Salt Lake base and meridian; about 700 

feet east and 2,200 feet south from the northwest corner of sec. 7, in 

vacant lot about 75 feet west of State Street and 150 feet north of Little 

Cottonwood Creek, This well is near the edge of the intensively developed 

artesian area in the vicinity of Murray. A considerable amount of ground 

water la being withdrawn in the immediate vicinity of this well, although 

heavier withdrawals occur half a mile or more distant.

Log of well.--None available.

Measuring point. This well la equipped with an automatic pressure 

recording gage. The measuring point is the center line of the recorder 

connection to the well, 3.0 feet above the ground surface, 4,276.55 feet 

above mean sea level, United States Geological Survey datum.

Observations. The record of this well is not of sufficient length 

to show the general conditions before the extreme drought of 1933-34. 

However, the annual cycle is clearly Indicated, the high-water level 

occurring from December to April or May and the low-water level during ' 

August and September. This annual cycle is nearly the opposite to the 

cycle shown by the measurement of well (D-2-l)4dc. It is probable that 

a great part of the seasonal fluctuation shown by this well is caused 

by the heavy withdrawals by flowing wells during the summer. The rise in 

the static level, which ordinarily begins in September or October, coincides with the closing of a large number of these flowing wells. During years of normal precipitation this rise may be augmented by annual 

recharge of the ground-water basin, the effects of which arrive at this 

well several months after the recharge area is refilled by the spring 

flood waters. However, during 1934 and 1935 the spring recharge to the 

ground water basin was very small, and nearly all of the annual cycle 

during those years is presumably caused by ground-water withdrawals. 

The water level in this well was only about 0.7 foot lower in January 

1935 than in January 1934, despite the low recharge and the heavy summer withdrawals during 1934. The water level was 0.9 foot lower during 

January 1936 than during January 1935. Only enough observations from 

the pressure recording gage are tabulated below to show the general 

trend of the water level in the well. The charts from the recorder are 

available at the office of the United States Geological Survey at Salt 

Lake City.
248 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in well (D-2-l)7bc

Date

Nov. 1, 1933

15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1, 1934

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Water 

level

+14.6

+14.7

+14.5

+14.3

+14.9

+14.8

+15,0

+14.7

+14.7

+14.9

+14.2

+14.2

+13.6

+13.6

+12.8

+12.8

+13.2

+12.7

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Date

1, 1934

15

. 1

15

1

15

1

15

1

15

1, 1935

15

1

15

1

15

1

15

Water 

level

+12.6

+11.3

+11.6

+11.8

+12.2

+12.0

+12.5

+13.0

+13.5

+14.1

+14.2

+14.1

+13.8

+13.8

+14.0

+13.8

+13.8

+13.8

Date

May 1,

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. l r

Water 

level

1935 +13.7

+13.8

+13.6

+12.2

+11.8

+11.3

+11.6

+11.0

+11.0

+10.6

+11.4

+11.3

+11.9

+12.8

+13.2

+13.2

1936 +13.3

Well (D-2-l)8ad (field no. 73)

Description.--Cheater Cahoon, owner. A jetted artesian well; measured depth 95.5 feet below measuring point on November 18, 1932; probably 

cased entire depth with 3-Inch open-end unperforated steel casing; not 

used, previously used by a fish hatchery.

Location.---In the Jordan River Valley, Salt Lake County, in the 

SE^NE-t sec. 8, T. 2 S., R. 1 E., Salt Lake base and meridian; about 1,450 

feet south and 500 feet west from the northeast corner of sec. 8; about 

125 feet west of 13th East Street and about 50 feet east of an abandoned 

fish hatchery building. This well is near the center of the intensively 

developed ground-water area near Murray, a few hundred feet east of a 

group of flowing wells that were originally used by a fish hatchery and 

are now owned and operated by the Salt Lake City Corporation. These 

wells, when flowing freely, discharge 5 to 8 cubic feet a second.

Log of well. None available.

Measuring point. Top of recording-gage platform, about 8.75 feet 

above the surface, 4,333.00 feet above mean sea level, United States 

Geological Survey datum.

Observations. The hydrograph for this well has a gradual upward 

trend from 1931 to 1933, showing that the ground-water additions to the 

area were in excess of the withdrawals. During these years and a part 

of 1934 the fluctuations of the water level in this well were similar to 

those in well (D-2-l)4dc but smaller in magnitude. The water level was 

highest in July, August, and September and lowest in February and March. 

The period of recovery began in March or April. A pronounced drop in 

the water level occurred during July 1934, caused by the drilling of a 

new well in the vicinity. The observations after November 1934 are extremely interesting, as they show the effect of closing flowing wells 

when the water is not being used. Before November 1934 several wells In 

the vicinity had been allowed to flow continuously. Since that date they 

have been closed except during periods of use. When these wells were 

closed the water level in well (D-2-l)8ad rose about 5 feet. The lowwater levels after November 1934 occurred when these closed wells were 

opened.

The observations after June 14, 1932, tabulated below, were obtained 

from an automatic water stage recorder. Observations before June 14, 

1932, are measurements by hand, converted to read as if measured from the 

present measuring point. Only enough measurements are given to indicate 

the general trend of the water level in the well. The complete record of 

observations is available at the office of the United States Geological 

Survey at Salt Lake City.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 249

Water levels In well (D-2-l)8ad

Date

Sept. 16, 1931

Oct. 15

Nov. 5

Feb. 15, 1932

Mar. 4

Apr. 16

May 6

June 4

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 1

15

Jan. 1, 1933

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

31

Water 

level

-8.74

-8.94

-9.00

-9.52

-9.54

-9.24

-8.97

-8.40

-8.36

-8.10

-7.88

-7.89

-7.93

-7.85

-7.92

-7.92

-7.91

-8.20

-8.36

-8.36

-8.47

-8.54

-8.50

-8.70

-8.75

-8.93

-9.02

-8.89

-8.83

-8.80

-8.55

-8.27

Date

June 15, 1933

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 1

13

Jan. 1, 1934

19

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

Apr. 1

15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

15

30

Sept. 15

Oct. 1

Water 

level

-8.05

-7.73

-7.67

-7.75

-7.79

-7.80

-7.89

-7.95

-8.00

-7.93

-8.03

-8.18

-8.30

-8.43

-8.50

-8.56

-8.66

-8.78

-8.84

-8.91

-8.97

-8.96

-8.94

-8.77

-8.79

-8.83

-9.90

-10.05

-10.10

-10.22

-10.00

-10.12

Date

Oct. 15,

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 13

31

Jan. 1,

15

Feb. 1

15

Mar. 1

15

27

Apr. 15

May 1

15

June 1

15

July 1

15

Aug. 1

14

Sept. 1

15

Oct. 1

15

Nov. 1

15

Dec. 1

12

Jan. 1,

Water 

level

1934 -10.00

-9.93

-9.98

-4.83

-4.37

1935 -4.37

-4.70

-5.19

-4.73

-4.56

-4.51

-4.55

-4.16

-4.00

-3.77

-3.35

-3.34

-9.54

-9.64

-9.84

-9.79

-9.54

-9.94

-9.84

-9.94

-9.74

-3.99

-3.86

-3.39

1936 -3.18
VIRGINIA 

By 0, E. Meinzer, R. C. Cady, and V. C. Fishel

Five wella In Arlington and Fairfax Counties, Va., near Waahlngton, 

D. C., have been under continuous observation since the spring of 1952; 

one of them has furnished a record of water-level fluctuations since the 

spring of 1928, and two others since the autumn of 1931. The project was 

carried on by the United States Geological Survey with cooperation by the 

Virginia Geological Survey during 1931, 1932, and part of 1933. All five 

are dug wells. They range In depth from 12 to 35 feet and penetrate unconsolidated material lying upon the crystalline rocks that characterize 

much of the Piedmont area of the Appalachian region.

Four of these wells (Ross, Swart, Bacon, and Bell) have been equipped 

with automatic water-stage recorders, but weekly tape measurements have 

been made on all the wells. On each well equipped with a recorder the 

measurements are made from a measuring point at the top surface of the 

platform upon which the shelter rests. In the Halls Hill well, which is 

not equipped with a recorder, the measuring point is the top edge of the 

rim that supports the cover over the well. The measuring point on each 

well has been Instrumentally tied to two bench marks. The location and 

description of each well and the description of the bench marks are as 

follows:

Ross well, 1918 North Wayne Street, Rosslyn. Depth 29 feet; diameter 25 inches; casing, tile; measuring point 18 Inches above the land 

surface. Bench mark 1 is a cross cut in the top of the concrete retaining wall beside the basement door at the southwest corner of the house, 

23.5 feet south and 7.5 feet east from the well. It is 1.03 feet below 

the measuring point. Bench mark 2 is the top of an iron water-meter box 

m the center of the driveway, 27.5 feet south and 77.5 feet east from 

the well. It is 2.46 feet below the measuring point.

Halls Hill well, at Langston School. Depth 35 feet; diameter 24 

inches; casing, tile; measuring point at the land surface. Bench mark 1 

is a cross cut in the top of the concrete retaining wall on the north 

side of the steps leading to the basement door on the east side of the 

school building, 35 feet east and 18 feet south from the, well. It is 

0.89 foot above the measuring point. Bench mark 2 is a nail and copper 

washer at the base of a tree, 60 feet west and 50 feet south from the 

well. It is 3.33 feet below the measuring point.

Bell well, at Ash Grove, about 1 mile northwest of Tysons Crossroads, on road leading from Falls Church to Leesburg. Depth 18 feet; 

diameter 25 Inches; casing, tile; measuring point 6 Inches above land 

surface. Bench mark 1 is a nail and copper washer at the base of a 

tree 3^ feet in diameter, 66 feet north and 40 feet west from the well. 

It is 0.03 foot above the measuring point. Bench mark 2 is a nail and 

copper washer at the base of a tree 2-j^ feet in diameter, 51 feet west 

and 10 feet south of the well. It is 2.64 feet above the measuring point.

250
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Bacon well, about 2 miles

251

from Fairfax on U. S. Highway 50. Depth

24 feet; diameter 48 inches; casing, rock; measuring point 6 inches above

land surface. Bench mark 1 is

tree 50 feet south of the well

Bench mark 2 is a point at the

front porch of the house, snug

second step. It is 4.03 feet

.i.i£,, ± UlsA., iiicsa.i3U.Ji J.ii£, JLJU.L.U u \j j-.ui/.Li.tso o.wi_rv^

nail and copper washer at the base of a

, It is 1.29 feet above the measuring point.

west end of the lower concrete step of the

against the brick side and in front of the

above the measuring point.

Swart well, near Difficult Run, about 1-| miles from Fairfax on U. S. 

Highway 50. Depth 11 feet; diameter 25 inches; casing, tile; measuring 

point 18 inches above land surface. Bench mark 1 is a nail and copper 

washer at the base of a tree 3^ feet in diameter, 50 feet north of the 

road and 200 feet east of the bridge on Difficult Run. It is 5.91 feet 

above the measuring point. Bench mark 2 is a nail and copper washer at 

the base of a double tree 4^ feet in diameter, 125 feet south of the road 

and 250 feet east of the bridge. It is 4.10 feet above the measuring 

point.

None of the wells are influenced by pumping from nearby wells. The 

Ross and Halls Hill wells are In areas served by public water supplies and 

containing some cesspools, but there is reason to believe that the levels 

In the wells have not been materially affected by these conditions. The 

Swart well is on the flood plain of Difficult Run, and the water level In 

It shows a daily fluctuation during the growing season in response to 

transpiration by the marsh plants that grow nearby. Other wells show 

barometric fluctuations, especially during periods when the soil Is moist.

Records of the water levels in these wells are plotted currently and

may be consulted at the office

observation wells in Virginia: 

Ing, pp. 370-373, 1932.

of the Geological Survey in Washington,

D. C. At intervals the recordu have been given special study, and the results have been summarized in ';he following publications:

Recent replenishment of ground-water supply recorded by observation 

well near Washington, D. C.: U. S. Dept. Interior Press Mem. 53047, 

April 28, 1931.

Replenishment of ground water recorded by observation well near Washington, D. C.i U. S. Dept. Inferior Press Mem. 60319, February 25, 1932.

Cady, R. C., Investigations of the fluctuations of water levels in

Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 13th Ann. MeetWater levels In wells in northern Virginia: U. S. Dept. Interior

Press Mem. 65826, September 6,

Cady, R. C., The upward trend of the ground-water level in northern 

Virginia: U. S. Dept. Interior Press Mem. 72602, June 20, 1933.

Cady, R. C., Ground-water

1932.

resources of northern Virginia (to be published as a bulletin of the Virginia Geological Survey, Charlottesville, 

Va.).

Under normal climatic conditions In this area the water that falls as 

rain in the summer is largely £.bsorbed by the soil and subsequently withdrawn by evaporation or by action of the vegetation. Therefore, as a rule, 

the water in the zone of saturation is drained lower and lower as it issues from springs or is withdrawn by evaporation and transpiration in low 

places. Large recharge, however, occurred during wet periods in the 

growing seasons of each of the years of record, except 1929, 1930, and
254 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in the Ross well, in Virginia near Washington, D. C., 

from June 1928 to August 1931

(The record of this well from August 1931 to December 1935 is given in 

the next table. The water levels are given in feet below the measuring 

point.)

Date

June 12, 1928

19

July 12

21

Aug. 4

13

20

25

Sept. 1

8

15

Oct. 27

Nov. 3

Jan. 7, 1929

15

23

Feb. 3

7

13

14

Apr. 10

May 22

Aug. 8

20

26

Sept. 1

9

12

18

24

28

Oct. 5

9

16

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

23.27

23.06

23.50

23.80

23.92

23.44

21.94

21.90

22.09

21.95

21.87

23.14

23.23

24.74

24.82

24.92

24.99

24:96

24.94

24.49

23.32

22.63

23.96

24.22

24.31

24.44

24.58

24.64

24.78

24.89

24.99

25.13

25.60

25.70

Date

Jan. 7.

11

18

25

Feb. 1

8

15

26

Mar. 29

Apr. 5

12

19

27

May 5

13

19

27

June 5

11

19

26

July 6

31

Aug. 7

15

22

29

Sept. 5

12

20

28

Oct. 18

27

Nov. 8

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1930 25.87

25.95

25.87

25.74

25.65

25.27

24.90

24.68

23.68

24.52

23.99

23.78

23.78

23.77

23.90

24.04

24.14

24.33

24.45

24.56

24.66

24.87

25.27

25.36

25.48

25.57

25.66

25.73

25.80

25.91

26.05

24.64

. 26.31

26.45

Date

Nov. 15,

22

29

Dec. 6

13

20

27

Jan. 3,

Mar. 21

25

28

Apr. 4

11

18

25

May 2

9

16

23

29

June 5

12

19

26

July 3

11

18

25

Aug. 1

8

15

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1930 26.56

26.57

26.63

26.65

26.69

26.72

26.74

1931 26.77

26.92

26.91

26.92

26.75

26.53

26.36

26.29

26.26

26.24

26.23

26.22

26.20

26.10

25.99

25.91

25.86

25.81

25.78

25.75

25.74

25.72

25.71

25.73

Water levels in five observation wells in Virginia near Washington, D.

and weekly precipitation at the Weather Bureau in Washington 

(The water levels are given in feet below the measuring points)

Date

1931

29

12

19

26

Oct. 3 

10

17 

24 

31 

Nov. 7 

14 

21 

28

Ross

25.67

25.54

25.40

25.31

25.26

25.23

25.22 

25.27

25.20 

25.25 

25.28 

25.37 

25.43 

25.50 

25.55

Bacon

22.60

22.75

22.80

22.86

22.95

22.99

22.17 

23.13

23.20 

23.26 

23.33 

23.40 

23.44 

23.49 

23.52

Halls Bell

Hill

34.0 .....

34.45 

34.52 

34.58 

34.61 

34.72 

34.73 

34.79 .....

PrecipSwart itation 

( inches )

..... 1.00

..... .17

..... .09

..... .16

..... 2.37

..... .00 

..... .34

.38 

Trace 

.56 

Trace 

.03 

.41 

..... .18
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 253

lower than the highest atagea in the preceding year, because of the relatively low precipitation from the autumn of 1933 to the summer of 1934, 

which resulted in only moderate rise in the normal recharge period of 

1933-34. The record monthly rainfall of 17.45 inches in September 1934 

caused a rise of 3 to 5 feet in the water levels. As a result of light 

precipitation in October and November 1934, there was a sharp decline of 

the water level in the Ross well, but the water levels in the Halls Hill 

and Bacon wells remained nearly constant. The water levels rose further 

during the recharge period An the spring of 1935, with the result that 

high stages were reached in the Bacon and Ross wells essentially the 

same as in 1933 but in the Halls Hill well about 2,5 feet higher. The 

water levels began a gradual decline in April 1935, and in response to 

relatively droughty conditions they continued to decline until the following November except for a small rise in September. The year 1935 ended 

with the water levels only slightly above the lowest stage of the year and 

considerably lower than at the beginning of the year.

In the following table are given the highest and lowest stages of the 

water levels in each year of record in the Bacon, Halls Hill, and Ross 

wells, and their water levels on January 1 of each year. The depth to 

the water level on January 1 was interpolated in some cases from the 

measurements immediately preceding and following that date.

Summary of water levels in the Bacon, Halls Hill, and Ross 

observation wells, in Virginia near Washington, D. C.

Depth to water 

level on 

January 1 

Year (feet below 

measuring point)

Halls 

Bacon Hill Ross

1928 ..... ..... .....

1929 ..... ..... 24.70 

1930 ..... ..... 25.85 

1931 ..... ..... 26.77 

1932 23.66 34.80 25.46 

1933 15.40 27.70 21.11 

1934 16.71 25.25 23.15 

1935 14.73 22.50 20.85 

1936 16.08 24.46 23.45

Extreme water levels during year 

(feet below measuring point)

Highest

Halls 

Bacon Hill Ross

..... ..... 22.63 

..... ..... 23.68 

..... ..... 25.20 

16.30 27.70 21.04 

11.38 20.15 17.35 

14.42 25.86 17.70 

11.27 17.74 17.47

Lowest

Halls 

Bacon Hill Ross

..... ..... 25.70 

..... ..... 26.74 

..... ..... 26.92 

23.66 34.80 25.47 

16.80 27.70 23.16 

17.69 25.86 23.15 

17.09 -25.07 23.74

Annual 

precipitation 

at Washington, 

D. C. 

(inches)

43.40 

39.41 

21.66 

33.42 

49.55 

49.11 

51.14 

43.53

77056 O 36 17
254 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels in the Rosa well, in Virginia near Washington, D. C», 

from June 1928 to August 1931

(The record of this well from August 1931 to December 1935 is given in 

the next table. The water levels are given in feet below the measuring 

point.)

Date

June 12,

19

July 12

21

Aug. 4

13

20

25

Sept. 1

8

15

Oct. 27

Nov. 3

Jan. 7.

15

23

Feb. 3

7

13

14

Apr. 10

May 22

Aug. 8

20

26

Sept. 1

9

12

18

24

28

Oct. 5

9

16

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1928 23.27

23.06

23.50

23.80

23.92

23.44

21.94

21.90

22.09

21.95

21.87

23.14

23.23

1929 24.74

24.82

24.92

24.99

24196

24.94

24.49

23.32

22.63

23.96

24.22

24.31

24.44

24.58

24.64

24.78

24.89

24.99

25.13

25.60

25.70

Date

Jan. 7,

11

18

25

Feb. 1

8

15

26

Mar. 29

Apr. 5

12

19

27

May 5

13

19

27

June 5

11

19

26

July 6

31

Aug. 7

15

22

29

Sept . 5

12

20

28

Oct. 18

27

Nov. 8

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1930 25.87

25.95

25.87

25.74

25.65

25.27

24.90

24.68

23.68

24.52

23.99

23.78

23.78

23.77

23.90

24.04

24.14

24.33

24.45

24.56

24.66

24.87

25.27

25.36

25.48

25.57

25.66

25.73

25.80

25.91

26.05

24.64

. 26.31

26.45

Date

Nov. 15,

22

29

Dec. 6

13

20

27

Jan. 3,

Mar. 21

25

28

Apr. 4

11

18

25

May 2

9

16

23

29

June 5

12

19

26

July 3

11

18

25

Aug. 1

8

15

Depth 

to water 

(feet)

1930 26.56

26.57

26. 65

26.65

26.69

26.72

26.74

1931 26.77

26.92

26.91

26.92

26.75

26.53

26.36

26.29

26.26

26.24

26.23

26.22

26.20

26.10

25.99

25.91

25.86

25.81

25.78

25.75

25.74

25.72

25.71

25.73

Water levels in five observation wells in Virginia near Washington, D.

and weekly precipitation at the Weather Bureau in Washington 

(The water levels are given in feet below the measuring points)

Date

1931

29

12

1Q

26

Oct. 3 

10 

17 

24 

31 

Nov. 7 

14 

21 

28

Ross

25.67

25.54

25.40

25.31

25.26

25.23

25.22 

25.27 

25.20 

25.25 

25.28 

25.37 

25.43 

25.50 

25.55

Bacon

22.60

22.75

22.80

22.86

22.95

22.99

22.17 

23.13 

23.20 

23.26 

23.33 

23.40 

23.44 

23.49 

23.52

Halls Be] 

Hill

34.0 

33.97 

34.45 

34.52 

34.58 

34.61 

34.72 

34.73 

34.79

LI Swi

Precipirt itation 

( inches )

1.00

.17

.09

.16

2.37

.00 

.34 

.38 

Trace 

.56 

Trace 

.03 

.41 

.18
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels and weekly precipitation - Continued

255

Date

1931

Dec. 5

12

19

26

1932

Jan. 4

9

16

23

30

Feb. 6

13

20

27

Mar. 5

12

19

26

Apr. 2

9

16

23

30

May 7

14

21

27

June 4

11

18

25

July 2

9

16

23

30

Aug. 6

13

20

27

Sept. 2

6

10

17

24

Oct. 1

8

15

22

29

Nov. 5

12

19

26

Dec. 3

10

17

24

31

1933

Jan. 7

14

21

28

Feb. 4

11

18

25

Ross

25.58

25.59

25.63

25.69

25.26

25.47

25.05

24.86

24.72

24.60

24.27

24.20

24.10

24.10

23.91

23.64

23.43

22.31

22.15

21.49

21.33

21.53

21.67

21.48

21.04

21.20

21.45

21.79

22.03

22.04

22.15

22.47

22.66

22.76

22.97

23.05

23.27

23.41

23.50

23.66

23.70

23.86

23.93

24.07

24.24

24.29

24.36

23.80

23.75

23.45

22.16

21.86

21.62

21.78

22.06

22.20

22.33

21.11

20.91

21.09

21.08

20.73

20.30

20.13

20.11

19.79

Bacon

23.53

23.57

23.61

23.66

23.66

23.61

23.30

23.07

22.86

22.58

22.08

21.74

21.54

21.37

21.06

20.80

20.47

19.39

19.02

18.24

18.10

18.12

18.09

15.40

16.01

16.11

16.29

16.48

16.49

16.08

16.17

16.38

16.60

16.79

17.04

17.27

17.50

17.68

17.92

18.15

18.27

18.38

18.54

18.77

19.01

19.13

19.26

19.12

19.14

18.75

17.68

17 8 29

16.61

16.55

16.61

16.62

16.63

15.30

15.33

15.33

15.34

14.28

14.25

14.13

13.98

13.65

Halls 

Hill

34.8

34.80

34.80

34.80

34.80

34.53

34.43

34.23

33.88

33.70

33.58

33.38

33.19

32.90

32.79

32.65

32.45

31.88

31.74

31.40

30.98

30.76

30.48

30.05

29.91

29.70

29.50

29.44

30.22

29.07

28.96

29.00

28.58

28.90

28.99

28.92

29.14

29.25

29.33

29.46

29.71

29.75

29.66

30.11

30.03

30.29

29.98

30.02

29.86

29.41

29.20

28.84

28.68

28.59

 

27 ! 70

27.69

27.59

27.27

26.95

26.74

26.43

26.13

25.71

Bell

.....

.....

 .

.....

 . 

. 0 

. 

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

;;;;/

5.82

6.40

6.30

2.06

3.83

4.80

6.57

6.55

6.33

7.25

7.84

7.87

8.77

9.54

10.42

11.11

11.60

12.38

13.06

13.74

13.27

13.69

14.20

14.60

14.93

10.84

12.51

6.99

9.17

6.89

3.51

2.03

4.13

5.03

5.57

5.51

4.06

1.95

2.70

2.81

2.85

1.76

2.36

2.10

1.92

2.15

Swart

 

.....

 

 .

 .

.....

 .

 .

 .

. , . . ,

.....

.....

.....

. .

.....

.....

. . . .

.....

3.41

3.45

3.38

2.13

3.09

3.37

3.65

3.91

2.72

3.60

3.64

3.39

3.42

4.00

4.15

4.09

4.10

4.33

4.73

4.95

3.88

4.29

4.59

4.75

4.89

3.84

4.10

3.39

3.33

3.08

2.63

2.74

2.78

3.05

3.20

2.96

2.44

2.26

2.73

2.79

2.57

2.22

2.60

2.57

2.48

2.60

Precipitation 

(inches)

0.48

1.15

.23

.53

1.35

2.57

.02

.07

.74

1.80

.12

.39

.12

.83

1.52

.13

1.16

2.86

1.48

.41

.00

.22

1.00

3.33

.13

.61

.00

.16

2.33

.01

.34

1.12

.70

.21

.40

.29

.59

.48

.00

.15

2.15

.00

.00

1.70

.24

3.98

.00

2.92

.45

1.84

2.76

1.83

.05

.00

.41

1.41

.02

2.09

.00

.75

.33

2.17

.50

1.18

.16

.77
256 WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels and weekly precipitation - Continued

Dat

193

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

192

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

e

13

2

9

16

18

25

1

8

15

22

2

6

13

20

27

3

10

17

24

30

8

15

22

29

5

12

19

26

2

9

16

23

30

7

14

21

28

6

13

18

25

2

9

16

22

29

14

5

11

20

27

3

10

17

24

5

10

17

24

3

7

18

21

29

5

12

19

26

2

9

16

Ross

19.89

20.14

20.61

20.37

19.90

19.42

19.53

19.17

17.92

17.92

18.11

17.85

17.35

17.44

17.97

18.57

18.81

19.36

19.49

19.46

19.65

19.99

19.95

20.30

20.43

20.74

18.63

18.85

19.18

19.68

20.20

20.64

20.70

21.22

21.42

21.51

21.65

21.74

21.90

22.37

22.53

22.64

22.78

22.77

23.16

22.95

22.51

22.66

22.48

22.77

22.99

23.06

23.04

21.97

21.56

21.21

21.23

20.46

20.19

20.28

20.05

.....

20.05

20.50

20.70

20.86

20.96

21.17

21.33

Bacon

13.73

13.85

14.09

13.98

13.37

13.28

13.25

12.92

12.05

12.33

12.35

12.23

11.38

11.72

11.93

12.32

12.62

13.11

13.38

V

14.01

14.38

14.53

14.85

15.07

15.33

13.08

13.45

13.72

14.02

14.39

14.74

14.91

15.27

15.45

15.55

15.67

15.79

15.89

16.13

16.25

16.38

16.57

16.56

16.80

16.69

16.50

16.60

16.60

16.76

16.94

17.03

16.95

16.09

15.94

15.73

15.75

14.98

14.86

14.67

14.48

14.62

14.42

14.58

14.68

14.81

14.99

15.25

15.46

Halls 

Hill

 

24.91

24.62

24.02

23.70

23.36

22.64

21.66

21.27

20.81

20.41

20.44

20.44

20.15

20.58

20.60

20.78

20.90

21.24

21.48

21.55

21.69

21.93

21.55

21.83

21.80

22.03

22.31

22.87

22.52

23.07

23.32

23.38

23.52

23.75

23.94

24.45

24.69

24.89

25.14

25.18

.....

25.26

25.59

25.86

25.66

 » 

25.56

25.21

24.98

24.38

.....

23.55

23.32

23.20

22.63

22.61

22.50

22.38

22.45

22.61

Bell

2.47

2.25

2.41

2.41

2.11

2.08

1.81

1.95

1.69

2.50

1.60

1.59

2.15

2.29

2.36

2.41

2.66

4.04

3.07

3.05

3.63

4.37

2.30

3.93

4.56

5.23

2.27

2.80

3.21

1.95

3.34

2.46

2.66 "

2.91

2.71

3.38

2.77

3.53

3.79

4.27

4.53

4.59

4.76

3.15

4.15

1.87

2.50

3.23

2.61

3.60

3.96

4.15

3.00

1.40

1.58

2.01

2.24

1.82

1.79

1.55

1.81

2.23

2.23

1.91

2.20

1.68

2.66

3.13

3.57

Swart

2.81

2.77

2.85

2.94

2.56

2.71

2.53

2.64

2.35

3.16

2.44

2.53

2.58

2.80

3.08

3.21

3.09

3.63

3.68

3.52

3.61

3.85

3.25

3.74 '

3.57

3.83

2.85

3.13

3.36

2.50

3.33

3.25

3.31

3.19

3.24

3.40

2.97

3.36

3.35

3.46

3.53

3.42

3.33

3.06

3.39

2.69

2.96

3.39

3.25

3.39

3.48

3.43

3.12

2.29

2.63

2.98

3.12

2.78

2.82

2.51

2.83

3.36

2.94

3.30

3.44

.....

3.50

3.70

3.84

Precipitation 

(inches)

0.02

.48

.55

.20

1.94

.06

1.58

1.00

2.10

.35

1.29

1.56

1.35

1.16

.55

1.31

.88

.47

1.22

2.49

.27

.42

3.53

.16

.91

.65

7.99

.20

.63

1.27

.16

.56

1.15

.33

.98

.10

.64

.09

.11

.00

.11

.21

.26

1.17

.79

.99

.12

.15

.68

.86

.11

.02

.87

1.87

1.17

.01

.65

1.87

.22

1.73

.06

.26

1.00

.46

.70

1.54

.15

.50

.43
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 

Water levels and weekly precipitation - Continued

257

Date

1934

June 23

30

July 7

14

21

28

Aug. 4

11

18

25

Sept. 1

8

15

22

29

Oct. 7

13

20

27

Nov. 3

10

17

24

Dec. 1

8

15

22

29

1935

Jan. 5

12

19

26

Feb. 2

9

16

23

Mar. 2

9

16

23

30

Apr. 6

13

20

27

May 4

11

18

25

June 1

8

15

22

29

July 6

13

20

27

Aug. 3

10

17

24

31

Sept. 7

14

21

28

Oct. 5

Ross

21 i 55

21.70

21.92

22.04

22.33

22.53

22.71

22.88

22.73

22.88

23.01

22,39

20.18

18.18

18,07

17.70

18.47

19.04

19.40

20.09

20.40

20.88

21.18

20.72

19.97

20.49

'20.46

20.42

21.05

21.09

21.30

19i25

19.02

19.05

18.47

18.40

18.47

18.98

17.80

17.97

18.47

18.6.1

17.47

17.92

18.57

19.01

19.33

19.74

20.16

20.41

20.47

20.67

21.04

21i29

21.57

21,85

22.11

22.24

22.48

22,71

22.89

23.06

22.37

22.27

22.36

22,57

23.00

Bacon

15,75

16.04

16.38

16.55

16.89

17.14

17.32

17.50

17,35

17.46

17,63

17.69

. 17,64

15,54

15,15

14,48

14.58

14.68

14.75

14.98

15.10

15.29

15.45

15.11

14.55

14.73

14.68

14.69

14.93

14.61

14.58

12.46

13.28

13.45

12.51

12.50

12.26

12.48

11.56

11.83

12,05

11,99

11.88

11.27

11.53

11.87

12.17

12.47

12,80

13,11

13.44

13,63

13,90

14,28

14i57

14,90

15i25

15i58

15.90

16.17

16.44

16.68

16.93

16,22

16.12

16,15

16,29

16,55

Halls 

Hill

22.69

22.99

23.19

23.33

23.68

23.96

24,26

24.53

24.73

24,89

25.22

24.79

24.95

23.71

23.49

22.88

22.64

22.54

22.35

22.67

22.76

23,01

23,10

22.96

22,69

.....

22.75 *

22.52

.....

22.70

.....

.....

.....

21.15

21.37

20.05

19.77

.....

18.81

18.70

18.67

18.54

17.84

17.74

17.75

17.97

18.17

18.33

18.63

18.95

19,22

19.35

19,62

20.10

20.34

.....

21.19

21.54

21.78

22.20

22.60

22.91

23,35

23.29

23.32

23.36

23.53

23,96

Bell

1,76

3,80

4.50

5.33

6.43

7.36

8.07

8,76

5.71

7.03

7.32

3.19

2.00

1.57

2.48

1.74

2.66

3.25

3.45

3.85

3.71

4.09

3.56

1.26

2.16

2.48

2.01

1.88

2.29

2.02

2,09

1.70

1.87

1.79

1.48

1.77

1.64

1.85

1.71

1.87

1.98

1.87

1.63

1.95

2.14

2.15

2.19

2.53

2.47

2,33

3.20

1.93

3.41

4.26

4.86

5.68

6.56

7,55

8.46

8.98

9.40

9.28

9.88

2.38

4.07

5.10

5.71

6.25

Swart

3.42

4.05

4.05

4.30

4.52

4.06

3.88

3.74

2.96

3.56

3.82

2.74

2.65

2.23

2.92

2.59

3.19

3.82

3.34

3.37

3.32

3.39

2.75

2.06

3.01

3,18

2.89

2.91

3.15

2.83

2.88

2.35

2.71

2.73

2.31

2.65

2.48

2.73

2.43

2.71

2.89

2.74

2.36

2.77

3.12

3.13

3.09

3.34

3.24

3.19

3,42

2.74

3,43

3,78

3,79

3,90

4.07

4,18

4.46

4.04

4.35

4.28

4.55

2.65

3.31

3,50

3.62

3.60

Precipitation 

(inches)

1.30

.64

.12

.07

.09

.63

2.24

.87

3.22

.80

.00

5.39

6.01

4.16

.83

1.60

.00

.01

.20

.12

.37

.00

1.11

3.15

1.31

.11

.97

.34 '

.56

.35

.97

3.67

.00

.16

.79

.30

1.12

.15

1.96

.41

.34

^-.15

2.66

.01

.25

.48

.94

.66

.82

1,06

1.67

1.08

.63

.05

.02

1.39

.16

.67

.06

.70

.11

1.44

.00

7.19

.52

.01

.46

.25
258 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Water levels and weekly precipitation - Continued

Date Ross Bacon Halls 

Hill

Bell Swart

Precipitation 

(inches)

1935

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

12

19

26

2

9

16

23

30

7

14

21

28

23.16

23.27

23.44

23.59

23.74

23.69

23.29

23.20

23.23

23.20

23.18

23.34

16.70

16.86

16.99

17.02

17.09

17.04

16.45

16.31

16.31

17.43

17.62

17.58

24.11

24.25

24.55

24.73

24.96

25.07

24.83

24.69

24.81

24.68

24.32

24.46

6.35

6.81

6.78

4.84

5.10

3.31

2.83

1.70

3.45

1.97

3.00

3.57

3.50

3.61

3.52

3.2S

3.15

3.08

3.13

2.87

3.33

2.62

3.24

3.32

0.34

.00

.43

1.74

.56

1.43

1,05

.99

.01

.77

.11

.39

1936

Jan. 1 23.45 17.52 24,55 3.73 3.15 .75
WASHINGTON 

GENERAL SUMMARY

In Washington there has been no continuing regional program for the 

determination of ground-water levelsj rather, as In Oregon, determinations 

have been made for a year or two In a few widely scattered districts and 

then discontinued. There is no current program for water-level measurements In the State by the United States Geological Survey or any cooperating agencies except In the Palouse River area of the United States Soil

Conservation Service.

1 

Calkins lists single measurements of depth to water In 44 wells In

east-central Washington, as follows: In the Connell-RItzvllle district, 

30 wells that range In depth from 110 to 674 feet and in submergence from 

14 to 293 feet; In the Hartline district, 10 wells that range In depth 

from 137 to 293 feet and in submergence from 14 to 200 feet; and in the 

Quincy district, 4 wells that range in depth from 194 to 330 feet and in 

submergence from 4 to 140 feet. These measurements are listed to whole 

feet; It is Inferred that they are based on reports by drillers. No altitudes with respect to sea level are given.

In his report on ground-water conditions In south-central Washington,

2 

Waring compares water levels in nine wells In the Sunnyside district of

the Yaklma Valley in the years of drilling, 1890-1900, and again In 1902. 

The earlier measurements are given to whole feet, the later measurements 

to the nearest half foot. Waring also lists single measurements of depth 

to water to the nearest whole foot In 50 wells In the surrounding region. 

These range in depth between 14 and 1,101 feet and in submergence from

less than 1 foot to 532 feet.

3

Schwennesen and MeInzer, In their Investigation In the Quincy Valley, In central Washington, ascertained the depth to water at about 250 

widely distributed points, at most of which It was accurately measured 

in wells. Where measurement was not possible, reports were obtained from 

well owners, drillers, and other reliable persons. These data have not 

been published but are on file In the Geological Survey office in Washing1 Calkins, P. C., Geology and water resources of a portion of eastcentral Washington: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 118, pp. 71-72, 

76-77, 1905.

2 Waring, G. A., Geology and water resources of a portion of southcentral Washington: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 316, pp. 27, 

44-45, 1913.

3 Schwennesen, A. T., and Meinzer, 0. E., Ground water In Quincy 

Valley, Washington: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 425, p. 145,

1918 ' 259
260 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

ton, D. C. The ground-water levels with respect to sea level are

shown in Water-Supply Paper 425 by a contour map on a scale of 1:1,000,000.

The cooperative investigation of ground-water conditions in the 

Walla Walla Basin that was made in 1932-33 involved about 400 determinations of ground-water levels in that part of the basin that lies in

4 

Washington. The data, which have been released to the public, comprise

twice-monthly determinations in 32 wells and twice-weekly determinations 

in 1 well that was equipped with a float gage for observation by the 

owner. The wells range in depth from 8 to 137 feet, but only two exceed 

50 feet. Ho water-level measurements have been made since 1933.

PALOUSE RIVER AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started along the South Pork of the 

Palouse River, in Whitman County, Wash., and Latah County, Idaho, during 

the fall of 1934 by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil 

Conservation Service. A total of 28 wells have been measured, 1 of which, 

however, has been abandoned^ and 5 are either being used for water supply 

or are occasionally affected by flood water. Records on the other 22 wells 

are given in the following tables. Eighteen of these wells are in Washington, and 4 are in Idaho. Of the 22 wells 14 (l, 2, 4, 5, 7, 12, 18, 19, 

20, 20a, 21, 24, 35, and 36) are dug, and 8 (6, 11, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 

and 37) are bored. The dug wells are all cased with brick except well 

20a, which is cased with wood; the bored wells are all cased with pipe 

except well 31, which is cased with tile. The wells range in depth from 

12 to 39 feet. Most of them penetrate the so-called Palouse soil, which 

is a wind-blown silt, the underlying bedrock being basalt. They are 

essentially water-table wells, and none of them are affected by heavy 

withdrawals. The depths to the water levels in the different wells range 

from about 2 to 30 feet.

The measurements of depth to water level are made in each well from 

an established measuring point, which as a rule is the top of the casing, 

but if there is a pump on the well it is the top of the pump base. Bench 

marks have been established near each well, and the measuring points have 

been instrumentally tied to them. About 1,400 measurements have been 

made on the 22 wells from the beginning of the program to January 1, 1936;

4 Piper, A. M., Robinson, T. W.. and Thomas, H. E., Ground water in 

the Walla Walla Basin, Oregon-Washington: U. S. Geol. Survey typewritten 

report, released to the public Oct. 30, 1933.
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 261

of these, 1,150 were made during 1935, giving an average of 52 measurements 

to the well for the year. Only the records of measurements that were made 

nearest to the first of each month are given in the following table. The 

method of expressing the results of the measurements is explained in the 

introduction of this report. Two water-stage recorders have been used in 

this area since the beginning of the program. One of them has been in 

continuous operation on well 20; the other has been stationed for shorter 

periods on four of the other wells.

The water levels in all the wells had an average height above the 

arbitrary datum planes of 8.60 feet on November 5, 1934, when the first 

measurements were made in this area. They rose on an average 1.4 feet 

by January 1, 1935, and an additional 2.8 feet during January, and continued to rise gradually until about the end of April, when the highest 

average stage for the year was reached. About May 1 the average height 

of the water levels was 13.72 feet, which was 3.72 feet higher than it 

was at the beginning of the year. The water levels declined an average 

of 5.47 feet from about May 1 to about October 1, when they were at the 

lowest stage for the year. At the end of 1935 they stood at an average 

of 9.06 feet, which was 1.42 feet above the low stage about October 1 and 

0.94 foot below the average on January 1, 1935.

Wells in the South Fork area of the Palouse River, 

in Washington and Idaho

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935. The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

1

2

4

5

6

7

11

12

18

19

Owner and location

T. Griffin, NE^HW^SW-J sec. 18,

T. 14 N. R. 45 E.

A. Luck, W^SW-jNE^ sec. 19 r

T. 14 N., R. 45 E.

Mrs. Strevey, NW-JSW-jHWi sec.

27, T. 15 N., R. 45 E.

T. Pritchard, NWiNBs sec.

28, T. 15 N., R. 45 E.

-- O'Donnel, HW^NWi sec. 19,

T. 15 N., R. 46 E.

C. Stirewalt, HWjSEj sec. 20,

T. 15 N., R. 46 E.

U.S.G.S., SEiNW^SEi sec. 25,

T. 15 N., R. 45 E.

G. Mix, SE. corner NE^SWi

sec. 1, T. 39 N., R. 6 W.

F. Druffel, center Ej NW-jSWi

sec. 3, T. 13 N., R. 45 E. 

A. Shriver, SE^SW^ sec. 7,

T. 14 N., R. 46 E.

Depth 

(feet)

18

30

39

10

18

15

15.8

22

15

12.5

Depth 

to 

Diameter water 

( inches ) level 

(feet)

.... 7.50

48 9.40

.... 25.70

.... 2.60

1.5 10.20

.... 8.30

1.5 5.40

.... 15.70

.... 7.80

.... 9.20

Height 

of 

measuring 

point 

(feet)

17.50

19.40

35.70

12.60

20.20

18.30

15.40

25.70

17.80

19.20
262 WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

Wells In the South Pork area of the Palouse River - Continued

Well 

no.

20

20A

21

23 .

24

26

27

31

32

35

36

37

Owner and location

W. Benedict, NE. corner

SWiSEf sec. 24, T. 14 N.,

R. 44 E.

do.

J. E. Woods, center K| NW^

sec. 32, T. 14 N., R 0 46 E.

U.S.G.S., NWfSW^SWi sec. 11,

T. 14 N., R. 45-E.

C. J. Bowers, NE. corner

NEiNWi sec. 7, T. 14 N.,

R. 46 E.

A. Snow, NWfNW-JSE-| sec. 30,

T. 39 N., R. 5 W.

 Laney, SWfSW^NE^ sec. 17,

T. 39 N., R. 5 W.

W. Buttler, NW^NW^NEi sec. 35,

T. 40 N., R. 5 W.

U.S.G.S., center of N. line,

SW|NE^ sec. 10, T, 39 N.,

R. 5 W.

R. Barr, center SWj sec. 17,

T. 15 N., R. 44 E.

School district, SE^SW-jNW^

sec. 17, T. 15 N., R. 44 E.

U.S.G.S., SE. corner NEf

sec. 3, T. 40 N., R. 45 E.

Depth 

(feet)

26

12

20

15

15

31.1

36.3

24

21.5

27

18

20

Depth 

to 

Diameter water 

(Inches) level 

( feet)

.... 12.00

.... 3.00

.... 6.00

1.5 8.00

.... 2.45

.... 20.20

.... 7.80

.... 3.49

1.5 18.40

.... 15.45

.... 6.48

1.5 12.00

Height 

of 

measuring 

point 

( feet)

22.00

13.00

16.00

18.00

12.45

30.20

17.80

13.49

28.40

25.45

16.48

22.00

Water levels in wells in the South Fork area of the Palouse River, 

in Washington and Idaho, in feet above the arbitrary datum

Date 11 12

1934

Nov. 5

Dec. 6

Dec. 29-

Jan. 3

1935

Jan. 29-30

Feb. 25-27

Apr. 1-3

Apr. 29-

May 1

May 27-29

June 25-26

July 29-30

Sept. 3-4

Sept. 30-

Oct. 2

Oct. 28-30

Dec. 2-4

Dec. 30-

Jan. 2

8.67

8.81

9.83

11.24

11.15

12.15

11.54

10.19

9.78

9.32

8.77

8.59

8.63

8.53

8.85

4.47

7.56

9.77

13.06

12.69

13.36

13.16

11.75

10.36

6.89

1.68

.50

3.28

6.28

9.30

9.40

9.37

10.02

11.36

11.63

12.10

13.40

13.18

11.81

10.52

9.53

9.38

9.59

9.58

9.72

 » 

9.88

9.80

9.83

9.72

9.56

9.44

9.38

9.45

9.46

9.51

9.52

9.66

 

10.02

13.12

14.23

15.07

15.64

12.58

8.80

5.90

4.24

3.61

3.92

3.59

3.73

9.48

9.22

9.90

11.49

11.60

12.48

12.66

11.59

10.94

10.45

10.16

9.94

10.07

9.53

9.65

 0 *

9.97

10.86

10.73

11.23

10.60

9.70

8.91

7.83

7.06

7.10

7.51

7.61

7.88

10.12

9.56

9.87

16.81

18.70

21.46

21.70

20.37

18.91

16.34

13.07

11.46

10.56

9.56

9.33
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURES, 1935 263 

Water levels In wells In South Fork area of Palouse River - Continued

Date

1934

Nov. 5

Dec. 6

Dec. 29-

Jan. 3

1935

Jan. 29-3C

Feb. 25-27

Apr. 1-3

Apr. 29-

May 1

May 27-29

June 25-26

July 29-30

Sept. 3-4

Sept. 30-

Oct. 2

Oct. 28-30

Dec. 2-4

Dec. 30-

Jan. 2

Date

1934

Nov. 5

Dec. 6

Dec. 29-

Jan. 3

1935

Jan. 29-50

Feb. 25-27

Apr. 1-3

Apr. 29-

May 1

May 27-29

June 25-26

July 29-30

Sept. 3-4

Sept. 30-

Oct. 2

Oct. 28-30

Dec. 2-4

Dec. 30-

Jan. 2

18

10.07

12.33

13.06

14.08

13.43

11.81

10.54

8.60

7.24

7.07

7.93

8.70

9.76

27

.....

9.99

12.62

12.29

13.35

13.65

12.22

10.93

9.42

8.08

6.99

6.83

6.92

7.08

19

9.16

9.40

10.00

12.95

13.00

13.82

13.35

11.82

10.57

9.10

8.16

7.97

8.07

8.29

8.70

31

6.21

6.62

9.96

10.86

10.58

10.74

10.79

9.89

8.70

6.95

5.82

5.19

5.28

5.59

6.04

20

9.92

17.40

17.33

18.42

17.55

15.41

11.62

6.65

3.94

3.67

5.78

7.64

11.25

32

.....

9.94

10.10

14.05

15.83

17.14

16.60

14.69

13.04

12.07

11.28

11.40

10.33

10.19

20A

9.78

10.60

10.55

10.57

10.45

10.10

9.78

9.85

9.69

9.87

10.17

10.26

10.82

35

8.47

8.90

10.05

11.39

11.77

12.83

13.95

13.50

11.34

7.99

7.43

7.39

8.15

8.52

10.21

21

11.45

10.72

11.50

11.70

10.47

9.48

8.44

8.15

8.13

8.25

8.34

8.67

36

9.65

9.74

10.04

12.37

10.89

11.18

10.67

9.40

9.34

9.26

9.29

9.32

9.49

9.35

10.01

23

9.39

9.67

10.14

13.11

12.33

14.04

12.70

11.46

10.03

8.90

7.18

7.02

7.96

8.35

8.63

. 37

.....

14.06

15.93

16.69

16.85

15.33

13.97

9.75

8.73

8.68

8.93

9.51

24

10.00

10.07

9.95

10.03

9.90

7.43

6.97

5.73

4.91

4.55

4.59

5.03

9.75

Average

8.60

8.91

9.96

12.74

12.81

13.69

13.72

12.27

10.90

. 9.16

8.05

7.64

8.02

8.22

9.06

26

9.60

9.20

10.00

23.29

18.93

20.40

21.40

16.68

13.03

11.96

11.45

11.01

10.82

10.38

10.67
WISCONSIN

CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN

The Wisconsin Conservation Department, In connection with an Investigation of the shallow ground-water resources of the Forest Protection 

Districts, Installed four observation wells In 1935 and began periodic 

measurements on the water levels In them. The United States Geological 

Survey has cooperated only Informally In this project.

The wells are In Langlade, Onelda, and Marionette Counties, In the 

northeastern part of the State, and Adams County, In the central part. 

They are equipped with float-tape gages, which are read dally by local 

ob s ervers.

In this report the dally record, supplied by G. T. Owen, of the 

Conservation Department, Is given for the Adams County well, on which 

measurements were begun September 12, 1935. This well Is at the district 

ranger station at Friendship, In the NWi sec. 8, T. 17 N., R. 6 E., about 

956 feet above sea level. The well Is 8 Inches in diameter and 24 feet 

deep and obtains Its water from glacial drift. A log of the well follows:

Thickness 

(feet)

Sand and rock fill

Peat and muck

Dune, alluvial, and lake sand

Laminated glacial-lake clay

Glacial-lake sand

Laminated glacial-lake clay

2

2

7

5

4

4

Depth 

(feet)

2

4

11

16

20

24

The measuring point on the well Is the pointer on the float-tape 

gage, 4.6 feet above the land surface. The depths to the water level 

have been converted to heights above an, arbitrary datum, the datum selected being 10 feet below the water level on September 12, 1935. The 

depth to the water level below the measuring point on that date was 13.63 

feet.

Dally records of the precipitation have been obtained from a rain 

gage 30 feet from the observation well. Dally water levels, expressed in 

feet above the arbitrary datum, and the dally precipitation for the period 

from September 12, 1935, to January 1, 1936, are given in the following 

table: 

264
WATER LEVKLS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 265

Daily water levels in an observation well and daily precipitation 

at Friendship, Adams County, Wis.

Water PrecipDate level itation 

(feet) (inches)

1935

Sept. 12 10.00

13 10.00

14 10.05

15 9.98

16 10.02

17 10.01

18 9.96

19 10.06 0.89

20 10.20 .48

21 10.20 Trace

22 10.18 ....

23 10.10 ....

24 10.10 ....

25 10.04 ....

26 9.96 .32

27 9.83 ....

28 9.93 ....

29 9.85 ....

30 9.90 ....

Oct. 1 9.47 ....

2 9.70 ....

3 9.72 .09

4 9.57 ....

5 9.51 ....

6 9.45 ....

7 9.51 ....

8 9.54 ....

9 9.51 ....

10 9.52 .30

11 9.45 .09

12 9.45 Trace

13 9.49 .02

14 9.48 .35

15 9.43 Trace

16 9.43 ....

17 9.44 .27

Water PrecipDate level itation 

(feet) (inches)

1935

Oct. 18 9.47 0.18

19 9.53 ....

20 9.49 ....

21 9.61 .06

22 9.43 .02

23 9.38 .10

24 9.42 ....

25 9.38 ....

26 9.37 Trace

27 9.43 ....

28 9.43 ....

29 9.37 Trace

30 9.35 .31

31 9.36 ,22

Nov. 1 9.35 ....

2 9.35 ....

3 9.61 .27

4 9.61 ,48

5 9.61 .07

6 9.60 .03

7 9.82 Trace

8 9.71 ....

9 9.80 ....

10 9.81 .08

11 9.59 .02

12 9.59 ....

13 9.57 ....

14 9.53 ....

15 9.49 ....

16 9.51 ....

17 9.54 ....

18 9.58 ....

19 9.58 .14

20 9.45 .13

21 9.45 Trace

22 9.17 .02

Water PrecipDate level itation 

(feet) (inches)

1935

Nov. 23 9.25 ....

24 9.25 ....

25 9.39 ....

26 9.26 ....

27 9.54 0.43

28 9.51 a .30

29 9.48 ~~....

30 9.56 ....

Dec. 1 9.47 ....

2 9.47 ....

3 9.54 ....

4 9.46 Trace

5 9.49 ....

6 9.45 Trace

7 9.48 .15

8 9.46 ....

9 9.50 ....

10 9.45 ....

11 9.45 ....

12 9.42 ....

13 9.36 ....

14 9.31 .10

15 9.31 .02

16 9.28 ....

17 9.34 ....

18 9.30 ....

19 9.30 ....

20 9.14 a .03

21 9.15 ~....

22 9.20 a .08

23 9.09 a .12

24 8.99 a .05

25 8.97 a .22

1936

Jan. 2 8.97 ti .04

«i Snow.

COON CREEK AREA OP SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

An observation-well program was started in June 1934 in the Coon 

Creek area, in Vernon, Monroe, and La Crosse Counties, Wis., by the 

Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service as 

part of a national soil-conservation program. Water-level measurements 

were begun on 15 wells, 1 of which has since been abandoned.

The wells range in depth from about 13 to 182 feet. Some of them 

end in alluvium or other surficial deposits, and others in dolomite or 

sandstone of early Paleozoic age. Six of the wells (1, 4, 6, 10, -12, and 

13) are bored wells, and two (3 and 5) are drilled wells; these eight are 

cased with galvanized pipe. Three (7, 8, and 9) are dug wells and are 

caaed with loose rock or sandstone. Information is not available as to 

the type and casing of wells 2, 11, and 14.
266 , WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935

The wells are not affected by heavy withdrawals. The depth to water 

level In the different wells ranges from about 6 to 110 feet. Most of 

them are essentially water-table wells, but some of the deeper wella are 

known to have distinct barometric fluctuations and are probably artesian. 

The measurements of the depth to water level are made in each well from a 

definite measuring point, which is generally the top of the casing or the 

edge of a hole in the floor of the platform. Bench marks have been established near each well, and the altitude of the measuring point has been 

instrumentally tied to them. A total of 1,245 measurements were made from 

the beginning of the program to January 1, 1936, of which 770 were made 

during 1935 an average of 51 measurements to the well during the year. 

Only the records of measurements that were made nearest to the first of 

each month are given in this report. The method of expressing the results 

of the measurements is described in the introduction. Water-stage recorders have been in operation on wells 7 and 8 since the beginning of 

the program.

The severe drought culminated in this area in May 1934 and was effectively broken in June or July. The precipitation recorded at La 

Crosse was 3.56 inches in June, 8.27 in July, 1.90 in August, 9.04 in 

September, 2.38 in October, 7.01 in November, and 1.12 in December. Thus 

in spite of the deficiency in the first 5 months of the year, the annual 

precipitation was 6.92 inches above normal.

In the first 4 months on well observations, from July to October 

1934, the water levels fluctuated through only a small range and showed 

little tendency either to rise or to fall. Doubtless a large part of the 

precipitation was required to restore depleted soil moisture and to supply the demands of vegetation during the growing season. However, about 

enough water apparently penetrated to the water table to replace the 

ground water lost by effluent seepage and transpiration. The heavy rains 

in November produced a moderate rise in most wells, but there was a general decline in December, with the result that on January 1, 1935, the 

average of the water levels was not far from the average at the beginning 

of the observations.

The precipitation in the winter of 1934-35 was not far from normal. 

The water levels did not change much until early spring, when there was 

a notable rise in the shallow wells and an average rise in all wells of 

more than 2.5 feet. Prom May to October 1935 the rainfall at La Crosse 

was greater than normal in all except one month, and the total in this 

6-month period was about 11 inches above normal. Consequently there was
WATER LEVELS AND ARTESIAN PRESSURE, 1935 267

considerable recharge during the period and the water levels were in general well sustained. At the end of 1935 the water levels in a few of the 

wells were distinctly higher than at the beginning of the year, but in 

most of the wells there was no considerable net rise or fall.

The relatively deep observation wells did not fluctuate as much as 

the shallower wells. The water levels in wells 8 and 9, both of which are 

a little more than 50 feet deep, did not rise notably in the spring of 

1935 but tended to rise gradually during the summer, and each showed a 

small net rise for the year. The water level in well 5, which is 182 feet 

deep, showed fluctuations of only small range, which were probably due 

mainly to changes in atmospheric pressure. It did not respond to precipitation or to the spring thaw, but on the average stood more than 6 inches 

lower in 1935 than during the period of record in 1934,

Wells in the Coon Creek area, in Vernon, Monroe, and 

La Crosse Counties. Wis.

(The depth to the water level given in the next to last column is the 

depth below the measuring point on Jan. 1, 1935, The height of the 

measuring point, given in the last column, is its height with reference 

to the arbitrary datum.)

Well 

no.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Owner and location

Ed Clements, SE^NE-^ sec. 22,

T. 15 N., R. 5 W.

Joe Anderson, SE-ySE-J sec. 34,

T. 15 N., R. 4 W.

Ant on Bekkum, NE-^NEf sec. 12,

T. 14 N., R. 5 W.

Albert Storbakken, NEiNE^

sec. 14, T. 14 N.. R. 5 W.

John Bakkestuen, SWiSWx

sec. 15, T. 14 N., R. 5 W.

Ole Olson, NEiSEi sec. 7,

T. 14 N., R. 5 W.

A. Michel, SWi sec. 36,

T."14 N., R. 6 W.

C. Stylen, SEiNEi sec. 26,

T. 14 N., R. 7 W.

P. Lenser, NW-^NE^ sec. 14,

T. 14 N., R. 7 W. 

Dennis Shea, BWiBW% sec. 5,

T. 15 N., R. 3 W.

John Sullivan, SW^NE^ sec. 27,

T. 16 N., R. 3 W.

Melvin Olson, SE^NEi sec. 32,

T. 16 N., R. 4 W.

W. W. Poss, SEiNffx sec. 3,

T. 16 N., R. 4 W.

Chris Benrud, NEyNWi sec. 6,

T. 14 N., R. 4 W.

Depth Diameter 

(feet) (inches)

13.5

20

21.7

20.7

182

21.3

 0 0

54.7

52

15.3

11.5

32.9

14

25

7

6

6.5

4.7

6

4

48

30

48

7

6

6

8

6

Depth 

to 

water 

level 

(feet)

6.32

18.30

18.16

14.00

106.25

14.07

15.06

52.11

51.00

11.45

8.77

28.79

9.97

-

6.86

Height 

of 

measuring 

point 

(feet)

16.32

28.30

28.16

24.00

116.25

24.07

25,06

62.11

61.00

21.45

18.77

38.79

19.97

16.86