SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 67 

A Scanning Electron Microscope 

Survey of the Epidermis 

of East African Grasses, V, 

and West African Supplement 

Patricia G. Palmer 

and Susan Gerbeth-Jones 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

Washington, D.C. 

1988 
ABSTRACT 

Palmer, Patricia G., and Susan Gerbeth-Jones. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of 

the Epidermis of East African Grasses, V, and West African Supplement. Smithsonian 

Contributions to Botany, number 67, 157 pages, 120 plates, 1988.-In developing a reference 

collection as a standard for using fossil grass cuticles as a paleoecological tool, we have 

examined leaf epidermal features of grasses with SEM. Descriptions (abaxial and adaxial 

surfaces) of 47 East African species are presented, comprising two tribes, Andropogoneae and 

Maydeae. Representative species of 13 genera found in tropical West Africa but not East Africa 

are described in the supplement. 

OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limitednumber of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from 

the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

(Revised for volume 5) 

Palmer, Patricia G. 

A scanning electron microscope survey of the epidermis of East African grasses. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 49, 53,55,62, 67) 

Vol. 3 by Patricia G. Palmer, Susan Gabeh-Jones, and Susan Hutchison 

Vol. 4-5 by Patricia G. Palmer, and Susan Gabeth-Jones. 

Includes bibliographies and indexes. 

Supt. of Docs. No.: SI 1.2962 

1. Grasses-Africa, East-Anatomy-Atlases. 2. Grasses-Anatomy-Atlases. 3. Leaves-AnatomyAtlases. 4. Epidermis-Atlases. 5. Ultrastructure (Biology)-Atlases. I. Gabeth-Jones, Susan. 11. Tucker, 

Alice E., joint author. 111. Title. IV. Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 49, etc. 

QKl.S2747 no. 49, etc. 581 s 80-19201 

[QK495.G74] (584’.909676] 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction ....................................... 1 

Acknowledgments .................................. 1 

Materials and Methods ................................ 1 

Format for Species Descriptions ............................ 1 

T~~~~ANDROPOGONEAE .................................. 2 

Andropogon abyssinicus Fresenius ......................... 2 

Andropterum stolzii (pilger) C.E. Hubbard ..................... 2 

Arthraxon lancifolius (Trinius) Hochstetter ..................... 3 

Capillipedium parviforum (R . Brown) Stapf .................... 3 

Chrysopogon plumulosus Hochstetter ........................ 4 

Cleistachne sorghoides Bentham .......................... 4 

Coelorhachis afraurita (Stapf) Stapf ........................ 5 

Cymbopogon nardus (Linnaeus) Rendle ....................... 5 

Dichanthium annulatum (Forsskal) Stapf ...................... 6 

Diheteropogon amplectens var . catangensis (Chiovenda) W.D. Clayton ...... 6 

Elionurus tripsacoides Willdenow .......................... 7 

Elymandra grallata (Stapf) W.D. Clayton ...................... 7 

Eriochrysis pallida Munro .............................. 7 

Euclasta condylotricha (Steudel) Stapf ....................... 8 

Eulalia villosa (Thunberg) Nees ........................... 8 

Exotheca abyssinica (A . Richard) Andersson .................... 9 

Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze .................... 9 

Heteropholis sulcata (Stapf) C.E. Hubbard ..................... 10 

Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliott) Bentham ................... 10 

11 

Hyparrhenia bracteata (Willdenow) Stapf ..................... 11 

12 

Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Raeuschel ..................... 12 

Ischaemum afrum (J.F. Gmelin) Dandy ....................... 13 

Loxodera caespitosa (C.E. Hubbard) Simon .................... 13 

Microstegium nudum (Trinius) A . Camus ...................... 14 

Miscanthus violaceus (K . Schumann) Pilger .................... 14 

Monocymbium deightonii C.E. Hubbard ....................... 15 

Oxyrhachis gracillima (Baker) C.E. Hubbard .................... 15 

Phacelurus huillensis (Rendle) W.D. Clayton .................... 15 

Rhytachne latifolia W.D. Clayton .......................... 16 

Rottboellia cochinchinemis (Loureiro) W.D. Clayton ................ 16 

Saccharum spontaneum subsp . aegyptiacum (Willdenow) Hackel ......... 17 

Schizachyrium rupestre (K . Schumann) Stapf .................... 17 

Sehima nervosum (Rottler) Stapf .......................... 17 

Sorghastrum bipennatum (Hackel) Pilger ...................... 18 

Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf ...................... 18 

Thelepogon elegans Roemer & Schultz ....................... 19 

Themeda triandra Forssku ............................. 19 

Trachypogon spicatus (Linnaeus f.) Kuntze ..................... 20 

Hemarthria natans Stapf ............................... 10 

Homozeugos eylesii C.E. Hubbard .......................... 

Hyperthelia dissoluta (Steudel) W.D. Clayton ................... 

... 

Ill 
iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Urelytrum digitatum K . Schumann ......................... 20 

Vetiveria nigritana (Bentham) Stapf ......................... 21 

Vossia cuspidata (Roxburgh) Griffith ........................ 21 

Tribe MAYDEAE ..................................... 21 

Coix lacrym-jobi Linnaeus ............................. 21 

Tripsacum anakrsonii Gray ............................. 22 

Zea mays Linnaeus .................................. 22 

West African Supplement 

Tribe BAMBUSEAE ................................... 23 

23 

Guaduzlla oblonga Hutchinson ex W.D. Clayton .................. 23 

Tribe AGROSTIDEAE .................................. 24 

Hypseochloa cameroonensis C.E. Hubbard ..................... 24 

Tribe AELUROFODEAE ................................. 24 

Aeluropus lagopoides (Linnaeus) Trinius ex Thwaites ............... 24 

Tribe ARUNDINBLLEAE ................................. 25 

Danthoniopsis chevalieri A . Camus & C.E. Hubbard ................ 25 

Loudetiopsis thoroldii (C.E. Hubbard) Phipps ................... 25 

Tribe PANICEAE ..................................... 26 

Ichnanthus vicinus (Bailey) Merrill ......................... 26 

Microcalamus barbinodis Franchet ......................... 26 

Paratheria prostrata Grisebach ........................... 21 

Tribe ~DROPOGONEAE ................................ 27 

Anadelphia trispiculata Stapf ............................ 21 

Lasiurus hirsutus (Forsskail) Boissier ........................ 28 

Parahyparrhenia annua (Hackel) W.D. Clayton .................. 28 

Robynsiochloa purpurascens (Robyns) Jacques-Feix ............... 29 

Appendix A: East African Material Studied ...................... 30 

Appendix B: West African Material Studied ...................... 32 

Literature Cited ..................................... 33 

Plates .......................................... 34 

Index to Grass Species for Volumes I-V ........................ 155 

Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendelberger .................... 
A Scanning Electron Microscope 

Survey of the Epidermis 

of East African Grasses, V, 

and West African Supplement 

Patricia G. Palmer 

and Susan Gerbeth-Jones 

Introduction 

This paper represents the conclusion of a survey of East 

African grasses and also includes a supplement describing 

representative species of genera found in tropical West Africa 

but not in East Africa. The purpose of this survey is to develop 

a reference collection of the micromorphological features of 

the leaves of modern grasses. The reference collection will 

provide a standard of comparison for identifying fossil leaf 

fragments that are abundant in African lake sediments (Palmer, 

1976). As in earlier volumes of this survey (Palmer and Tucker, 

1981, 1983; Palmer, Gerbeth-Jones, and Hutchison, 1985; 

Palmer and Gerbeth-Jones, 1986), we are examining the grass 

leaves with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reader 

should refer to the first volume (Palmer and Tucker, 1981) for 

discussion of terminology and illustrations of diagnostic 

features. 

The East African section of this volume includes 47 genera 

representing two tribes: Andropogoneae and Maydeae. The 

West African supplement includes 13 species representing 

genera found in modern West Africa but not East Africa 

(Clayton, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1982). 

We delimit East Africa to include Uganda, Kenya, and 

Tanzania, the region dealt with in the Flora of Tropical East 

Africa (Clayton, 1970, 1974, 1982). West Africa includes “all 

territories ... south of latitude 18”N and to the west of Lake 

Chad, and Fernando Po” as described in the Flora of West 

Tropical Africa (Clayton, 1972). We also follow the nomenclature used by Clayton in the Gramineae sections of Flora of 

Tropical East Africa and Flora of West Tropical Africa. 

Patricia G. Palmer, Deparfment of Biology, Louisbwg Colfege, Louisbwg, Norfh 

Carolina 27549. Susan Gerbeth-Jones, Department of Zoology, Duke Universily, 

Durham, Norlh Carolina 27706. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-we thank D.A. Livingstone of the 

Department of Zoology, Duke University, for research support 

and encouragement in this study. D. Burney, L. Burney, S. 

Day, M. Krot, R. Scroggs, and J. Snell provided valuable 

technical assistance.. We are grateful to W.D. Clayton and S. 

Renvoize of the Kew Herbarium, T. Soderstrom of the National 

Herbarium, and G. Davidse of the Herbarium of the Missouri 

Botanical Garden for providing material for study. This 

research was supported by NSF grants DEB78-17669, 

Livingstone and BSR84-00520 to P.G. Palmer and D.A. 

Livingstone. 

MATERIALS AP*D METHODS .--Leaf material for scanning 

electron microscopy was taken from dried herbarium material. 

A section from the middle portion of a blade from an upper, 

mature, undamaged leaf was chosen for study. Wax was 

removed by soaking the specimen in xylene for 24 hours. Two 

pieces of the leaf (one exposing the abaxial or lower surface, 

the other exposing the adaxial or upper surface) were mounted 

on stubs with double-coated Scotch tape. The specimens were 

sputter-coated with gold-palladium, observed with a JEOL T20 

or a Philips 501 scanning electron microscope, and photographed using Polaroid P/N 665 or P/N 55 film. The 

photomicrographs are deposited in the laboratory of D.A. 

Livingstone, Department of Zoology, Duke University. 

ATM80-03516, ATM83-04488, and BSR84-00532 to D.A. 

Format for Species Descriptions 

STOMATA.-Frequency; subsidiary cell shape; distribution; 

special features. 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Shape; end walls; outline of walls. 

Papillae: Number/cell, distribution on each cell, shape, size. 

1 
2 SMITHSO" CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

LONG CmLs.-Shape; outline of walls. Papillae: Number/ 

PRIcms.-Frequency; location and type. 

SHORT Gus.-Location and distribution. Silica Cells: 

SILICA BODIES.-LoCatiOn and shape. 

MCRoHAms.-Frequency; number of cells; shape; shape of 

MACROHAIRS.-Frequency; location; nature of base. 

SPECIAL FEATURES .-Description of unique features not 

cell, distribution on each cell, shape, size. 

Location and frequency. Cork Cells: Location and frequency. 

apex, 

covered in other categories. 

Tribe ANDROPOC~NEAE 

Andropogon abyssinicus Fresenius 

PLATES 1,2 

ABAXIAL 

STomTA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowshand (Plate lb,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised, Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate lc). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform 

and nonuniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate la,c). 

PRIcnEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles. 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ paired, >5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate ld,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate ld,e). 

MmomIRs.<ommon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate le). 

rVlAcRomm.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate If). 

ADAXIAL 

STomrA.-Infrequent; low-dome; 0 or 2 banddintercostal 

zone, 1 rowband (Plate 26). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cell raised (Plate 2c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or cell raised (Plate 2a,c). 

PRIcmEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles; intercostal short 

macrohair-type prickles (Plate 2a). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 

2d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 2d). 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 2e). 

raised. See Prickles (Plate 2f). 

McRows.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

MACR~HAIR~ ,-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

Andropterum stolzii (Pilger) C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 3.4 

ASAXIAL 

SToMAw.-Common; low-dome or triangular (sometimes 

the deflated ones appear high-dome); 2 (?) stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowhand. Some of the intercostal zones 

appear to be in deep grooves and distribution is not clear (Plate 

3a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform or sometimes square; ends straight to convex or 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 3a,b). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 3b,d). 

PRIcmEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

3a,d). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; 

intercostal solitary or paired. Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 3c,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short, cross-shaped, nodular or sometimes crenatevertical; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 3c,d ). 

Mrmomnw-Cornmon; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 3e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Common to abundant; intercostal and costal; 

basal cells markedly raised (Plate 3j). 

ADAXIAL 

STowTA.-Common; triangular or low-dome; 3 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 2 rowshand. Stomata are sometimes 

in grooves and distribution is hard to determine (Plate 46,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square to rectangular: ends slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen. Sometimes the cell is slightly raised so as to 

resemble a papilla (Plate 4c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular or long, narrow, width uniform 

(on veins and marginal areas); markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 4a,d ). 

PRIcuEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

46). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >Show; 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal infrequent (Plate 4d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-€OS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends con- 
NUMBER 67 3 

cave to straight, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped 

(Plate 4de). 

MmomIRs.-Common to abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter: apex rounded (Plate 4d,f). 

MAcRomIRs.-Common; intercostal and costal; basal cells 

markedly raised (Plate 4a). 

Arthraxon lancifolius (Trinius) Hochstetter 

PLATES 5, 6 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAn.-Abundant; low-dome or triangular but usually 

collapsed; 6 or 7 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 

sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 5a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL Gus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

nonuniform (wider in middle) or appearing pentagonal when 

collapsed; ends straight to convex to slightly concave: 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papillae are usually collapsed. Sometimes 

there are 2 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 5c). 

LONG CELrs.-Long, narrow, width uniform, nonuniform 

(wider in middle): markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: Well, globose, uniform. Papillae are usually 

collapsed (Plate 5a,c,d). 

PR~cms.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal common: intercostal not seen (Plate 5df). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave, middle 

wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends 

concave, middle wide, short (Plate 5d,f). 

MrcRoms.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium; apex tapered (Plate 5e). 

MACROHAIRS .-Common: intercostal: basal cells markedly 

raised. There are two sizes of macrohairs (Plate 5f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAn.-Infrequent; triangular; distribution is indeterminable because of infrequent stomata (Plate 6b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 66). 

LONG CEus.-Long, narrow, width uniform or appearing 

pentagonal or hexagonal when collapsed; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Sometimes papillae are located near one end of cell 

(Plate 6a,c). 

PR1cms.--None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal common: intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal common: intercostal not seen (Plate 6c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular or dumbbell, ends concave, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, narrowly 

cross-shaped to figure-eight (Plate 6c,d ). 

MrcRomIRs.-Infrequent (marginal area only); two-celled; 

basal and apical equal in length, medium or basal shorter, 

apical slightly longer; apex rounded (Plate 6e). 

MAcRoms.-Infrequent to common: intercostal: basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 6f). 

Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Brown) Stapf 

PLATES 7,8 

ABAXIAL 

STomn.-Abundant; low-dome or triangular; 3 or 4 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband. Sometimes the 

stomata are in shallow grooves with slightly overarching 

papillae (Plate 7a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CmLs.-Rectangular or sometimes square; 

ends slightly concave or indeterminable because of overarching 

papillae; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 

or more/cell, paired or irregular, elongate, uniform (Plate 7b,c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single 

row, globose, uniform (Plate 7a,c). 

PRIcms.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ paired or >5/row: intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork 

Cells: Costal common: intercostal not seen (Plate 7de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short: intercostal not seen (Plate 7d,e). 

MrcRowRs.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium or basal longer, apical slightly shorter; apex 

tapered (Plate 7e). 

MACRomIRs.-Abundant; costal: basal cells absent or 

present and markedly raised (Plate 7f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Infrequent: low-dome to triangular: distribution 

indeterminable because of infrequent stomata (Plate 8b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

ends straight or indeterminable because of overarching 

papillae; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 

or more/cell, paired or irregular, elongate, uniform (Plate 8b). 

LONG CELLs.-bng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or 3 or 

more/cell, single row, globose, uniform. There are bands of 

wide nonpapillate long cells (Plate 8b,c). 

PRmm.-Common: costal and intercostal prickles and 

short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 8a,f). 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ paired, 3-5/row or >5/row: intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common: 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 8c,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I cross-shaped, nodular or dumbbell, 

ends rounded, straight, sometimes knobbed or concave, middle 
4 SMITHSONIAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

short or long, wide; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 8c,d). 

slightly shorter; apex tapered (Plate 8e). 

slightly to markedly raised. See Prickles (Plate 8a,f). 

MrcRomIRs.<ommon; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

MACRomIRs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal; basal cells 

Chrysopogon plumulosus Hochstetter 

PLATES 9, 10 

ABAXIAL 

STomTA.-Common; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 

1 or sometimes 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. 

The costal zones are very wide. Some of the costal zones 

consist of raised long cells that are wider and shorter than the 

regular long cells (Plate gab). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are two 

interstomatal cells and a silica cell between stomata (Plate 

LONG CmLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform or rectangular 

in raised costal areas; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 9a,b). 

PRIcms.-Common; intercostal prickles, costal and intercostal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 9c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I solitary (silica cells only), paired; 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 9c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, crenate-vertical or 

dumbbell, ends rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 9c-e). 

MrcRomIRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer; apex rounded (Plate 9f). 

MACROHAIRS .-Common to abundant; intercostal and costal; 

basal cells slightly raised. See Prickles (Plate 9a,c). 

9a,c). 

ADAXIAL 

STomx-Common; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 

1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band 

(Plate 10a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 1Oc). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

10c,d). 

PRIcmEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal short macrohairtype prickles (Plate 10a,f). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired; 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 10cd). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight 

or concave, middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, 

cross-shaped (Plate 10c,d). 

MrcRomms.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 10e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal; basal cells 

slightly raised or absent. See Prickles (Plate 10e,f). 

Cleistachne sorghoides Ben tham 

PLATES 11. 12 

 AXIAL 

STomTA.--Common to abundant; triangular or sometimes 

low-dome; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 3-5 

rows/band (Plate 1 lab). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.-Square, rectangular; ends markedly 

concave; outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: I/cell, 

globose, uniform. The papilla is very large covering most of 

the cell and is sometimes located near one end of cell. 

Sometimes there are two interstomatal cells between stomata 

(Plate 1 lb,c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised (?). Papillae: None seen. Some 

cells have raised areas resembling papillae (Plate 1 lc,e). 

FRICKLES.-N~~~ seen.

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate llde). 

SIUCA BODIES.~OS~~~ nodular or dumbbell, ends straight, 

or concave, middle short, wide; intercostal cross-shaped or 

dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short (Plate 1 I&). 

MrcRoHAIRs.--Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium and basal shorter, apical longer; apex 

tapered (Plate Ilf). 

MACROHAIRS .-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 1 la). 

ADAXIAL 

sTOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome Or angular; 6 Or 7 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal zone 

is very wide (Plate 12ub). 

INTERSTO~MATAL CEms.-Sqwe to rectangular; ends slightly 

to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen. Sometimes cell is raised to resemble a 

papilla (Plate 12ad). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Some cells 

have raised areas resembling papillae (Plate 12a,e). 

PRIcmEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles (Plate 124. 

SHORT CELLS.--€OS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cellsonly), paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. 

Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 12c,d). 
NUMBER 67 5 

SIUCA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded to straight 

to convex, middle long, narrow; intercostal crenate-vertical, 

cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, short 

(Plate 12c,d). 

McRomms.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 12e). 

MAcRoms.-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 12f). 

Coelorhachis afraurita (Stapf) Stapf 

PLATES 13, 14 

ASAXIAL 

SToImm.<ommon to abundant; low-dome; 3 or 4 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband 

(Plate 136). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Rectangdar, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen, cell raised, or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. There are sometimes 2 interstomatal cells and a silica 

body between stomata (Plate 13c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen, 

cell raised, or l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 13a,c,f). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costalolitary, paired, 2-5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired (?). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common 

(Plate 13de). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ cross-shaped, crenate-vertical, dumbbell, ends rounded, middle wide, very short; intercostal 

cross-shaped (Plate1 3de). 

MmomIRs.2omrnon to abundant; two-celled; basal and 

apical equal in length, medium or basal shorter, apical slightly 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 13f). 

M~CROHAIRS .-None seen. 

SPECIAL FEATuREs.-Irregular horizontal striations occur 

on interstomatal and long cells. These striations may be 

artifacts of drying (Plate 13f). 

ADAXIAL 

STo,mTA.-Common; low-dome; 3 or 4 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowshand (Plate 146). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen, cell raised, or l/cell, globose, uniform. Sometimes there 

are 2 interstomatal cells and a silica body between stomata 

(Plate 14~). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen, 

cell raised, or l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 14a,c). 

PRIcms.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant (Plate 14d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded, middle wide, very short; intercostal 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 14de). 

McRoHAIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

slightly shorter; apex rounded (Plate 14f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

SPECIAL FEATURES.-hegUlar horizontal striations occur 

on interstomatal and long cells (Plate 14f). 

Cymbopogon nardus (Linnaeus) Rendle 

PLATES 15, 16 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome to triangular; 

1 or 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rowshand (Plate 15a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly 

concave or straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or 

sometimes cell raised. There are often 2 interstomatal cells 

between stomata (Plate 1%-c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform, 

or sometimes square; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 15c). 

PRIcms.-Common to abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 151). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common 

(Plate 15c-f). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ cross-shaped, nodular, dumbbell, 

ends straight or rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 15d,e). 

Mmows.2ommon; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate l5f). 

MACROHAIRS.-'hTOne Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Infrequent to common; low-dome, high-dome 

to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband. 

The stomatal rows are adjacent to veins with a wide intercostal 

zone lacking stomata (Plate 16b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Square, rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends straight to convex, slightly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen, 

cell slightly raised, or l/cell, globose, uniform. Sometimes 

there are two inerstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 16b,c). 

LONG Cws.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 16~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal prickles (Plate 

16a). 

SHORT CEus.2ostal solitary (cork cells only), paired, 
6 SMITHSO" CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

3-5/row, >5/rOW; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 16d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 16d,e). 

McRows.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 16f). 

~CRowS.-NOne seen. 

Dichanthium annulatum (Forsskal) Stapf 

PLATES 17. 18 

ABAxL4L 

STO,MATA.-AbUndant; low-dome or sometimes highdome (?); 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 1 rowband. 

Stomata are sunken in grooves and sometimes obscured by 

overarched papillae (Plate 176,~). 

LVTERSTOMATAL CELrs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight 

to convex; outline of walls obscured by large papillae. 

Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae are very large and 

inflated (Plate 176,~). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking raised. Papillae: None seen, 

l/cell, 3 or more/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 17c-e). 

Pwms.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 17b). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 17d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I nodular and dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 17de). 

McRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 17e). 

&cRomiRs.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 17f). 

ADAXIAL 

STomn.-Common; triangular; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 186,~). 

LUTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papillae are located near one end of cell. There are 

sometimes two interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 18c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

18a,b). 

PRICKLES.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

18c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ >5/row or sometimes paired; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 186,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave to straight, 

middle wide, short or occasionally nodular, cross-shaped; 

intercostal cross-shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate 18b,d). 

Mraows.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 18e). 

MACR~HAIR~ .-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 18a,f). 

Diheteropogon amplectens var. cahngensis (C hiovenda) 

W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 19,ZO 

ASAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 196,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform or 

nonuniform (probably an artifact of collapsed cells); ends 

straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking raised. 

Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform (sometimes 

deflated) or cell raised (Plate 196,~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

19~). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 19de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular or dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal square, tall and narrow, 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 19de). 

MrcRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium and basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded (Plate 19f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-None seen. 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform or 

nonuniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 20a,d). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles (Plate 20e). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 

20b-d). 

SIUCA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 20b-d). 

MrcRomnrs.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium and basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded plate 20f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 
NUMBER 67 

Elionurus tripsacoides Willdenow 

PLATES 21.22 

ASAXIAL 

STomTA.-Common; low-dome; 4 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 216,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform and nonuniform; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. 

Papillae: None seen or l/cell (deflated) (?). Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 21b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-RKtangUlar, long, narrow, width uniform 

and nonuniform; nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen or l/cell 

(deflated) (?). Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 214~). 

PRICKLES .-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 21a,c). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen. Cork 

Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen. Cork cells are 

sometimes papillate (Plate 2lb,d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ elliptical, cross-shaped; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 21d,e). 

MrcRowRs.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 21f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Infrequent; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 226,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 22b,c). 

LONG CEus.--Long, narrow, width uniform and nonuniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 224b). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 22d ). 

SHORT C~~~.-Costal solitary, paired, sometimes 3-5/row; 

intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 

22a,c-e). 

SIUCA BODIES.-COS~~~ crenate-vertical, tall and narrow, 

cross-shaped; interccstal crenate-vertical, tall and narrow (plate 

22a,c-e). 

McRoms.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 22f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

Elymandra grallata (Stapf) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 23,24 

ABAXIAL 

STomm.-Common to abundant; low-dome to triangular; 

1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband. 

Subsidiary cells sometimes have a pair of papillae (Plate 

23 b,c) . 

INTERSTOMATAL CELIs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight 

to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen or Well, globose, 

uniform (whole cell appears raised). Papillae are located near 

center of cell (Plate 23c). 

LONG Cms.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous (outline of walls difficult to determine). Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 23a,c). 

PRIcam.-Common to abundant; intercostal and sometimes costal prickles (Plate 23e). 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 23de). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 23d,e). 

MrcRoms.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (plate 23f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-None seen. 

L~NG Cu.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 24a,b). 

PRIcms.-Abundant; costal and sometimes intercostal 

prickles (Plate 24a,f). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 24c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 24c-e). 

MrcRowlms.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Erwchrysk pallida Munro 

PLATES 25.26 

ASAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 3 or 4 

stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband. Costal zones 

are difficult to detect (Plate 25b,c). 

LYTERSTOMATAL CELIs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; cell walls indeterminable. Papillae: Well, globose, 

uniform (Plate 25c). 

L~KG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform 

and nonuniform; cell walls indeterminable. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform (Plate 25~). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; intercostal prickles. 

SHORT CELLS .-Costal and/or intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal infrequent (Plate 25d,e). 

SIUCA BODIES.-COS~~I and/or intercostal crenate-vertical, 

narrowly saddle-shaped, cross-shaped. Costal zone is indeterminable (Plate 25de). 

Mmomms.-None seen. 
8 SMlTHSONIAN COJNTFUI~UTIONS TO BOTANY 

MACR~HAIR~ .-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised. Few macrohair shafts are present, but what appears to 

be basal cells of macrohairs with the shaft broken off are 

abundant (Plate 25f). 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Abundant; triangular, high-dome; distribution 

indeterminable because costal areas are not distinguishable 

(Plate 266). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. 

Papillae are often collapsed. Sometimes there are several 

interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 26b). 

LONG Cam.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous to slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, 

globose, uniform (Plate 26~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal short macrohair-type prickles (?) (Plate 26c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I and intercostal solitary, paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Costal zones are difficult to determine 

(Plate 26d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ andintercostal crenate-vertical, 

narrowly saddle-shaped, cross-shaped (Plate 26d). 

MmowRs.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 26e). 

MACROwRS.-Abundant; intercostal (?); basal cells slightly 

raised. See Prickles (Plate 26f). 

Euclasta condylotricha (Steudel) Stapf 

PLATES 27.28 

&AXIAL 

STomm.-Abundant; low-dome or sometimes appearing 

parallel because of collapsed cells; 1-3 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 276,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight 

to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform. Sometimes there are two interstomatal 

cells between stomata. Papillae are usually deflated (Plate 

27~). 

LONG Crux-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 27c,d ). 

PRICKLES .-Common; costal prickles and intercostal hooks 

(Plate 27d). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 27d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short, or sometimes nodular; intercostal not seen. 

Sometimes silica bodies are adjacent (Plate 27d). 

McRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 27e). 

MAcRomms.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 27f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Infrequent; low-dome to triangular. Stomata are 

seen only near margin and are too infrequent to determine 

distribution (Plate 286). 

INTERSTQMATAL CELLS.--NOne seen. 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 28~). 

PRIcnEs.-Common; costal prickles and short macrohairtype prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 28a,c,f). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 28de). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 28d,e). 

Mrcrromm.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS .-SeePrickles. 

Eulalia villosa (Thunberg) Nees 

PLATES 29.30 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Infrequent (seen near margin only); low-dome; 

distribution indeterminable (Plate 296). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-None seen. 

LONG Cam-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 29~). 

PRIcaEs.-Common; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 

29c). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary (cork cells only), 3-5/row, 

>5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 29c,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle narrow, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 29c,d ). 

Mmomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium and basal shorter, apical longer; apex 

rounded (Plate 29e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 29f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 14 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 306,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform or nonuniform (probably an artifact from 

collapsed cells); ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: 

None seen or l/cell (often deflated). Sometimes there are 2 

interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 30c). 

LONG CEus.--Long, narrow, width uniform or nonuniform 
NUMBER 67 9 

(possibly an artifact from collapsed cells); nonsinuous. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 30~). 

PRICKLES .-Common; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 

306, c) . SHORT CE~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork cells 

are papillate (Plate 30c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle narrow, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 30c,d). 

h’IIcRomIRs.-Abundant: two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 30e). 

MAcRoms.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 30f). 

Exotheca abyssinica (A. Richard) Andersson 

PLATES 31.32 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 or sometimes 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rowsband (Plate 31a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square or sometimes rectangular; 

ends straight to convex to slightly concave; outline of walls 

indeterminable. Papillae: None seen. Cells are sometimes 

raised to resemble papillae (Plate 31c). 

LONG CELLs.-hng, narrow, width uniform or sometimes 

rectangular; outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 31c,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 31d). 

SHORT Cm~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 3 le). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 31e). 

MrcRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 3 If). 

MACROHAIRS,-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomTA.-Infiequent; low-dome to triangular: stomata too 

infrequent to determine distribution. Stomata are common in 

narrow zone near the margin (Plate 326). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular to long, 

narrow, width uniform; ends straight to convex to slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 326). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 32a). 

PRicmxs.-Common; costal prickles and short macrohairtype prickles; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 32a). 

SHORT Cn~s,-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent (Plate 32c,d). 

SIUCA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped, crenatevertical (Plate 32c,d). 

MrcRoms.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter: apex tapered (Plate 32e). 

MAcRomms.-Common; costal; basal cells slightly raised. 

Some of the macrohairs are extremely long and are intertwined 

in pairs. (See Prickles) (Plate 32a,f). 

Hackelochloa granularis (Linnaeus) Kuntze 

PLATES 33.34 

ABAXIAI, 

STown.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 4 or 5 

stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 334b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are 2 

interstomatals and a silica cell between stomata (Plate 33a). 

L~NG CEm.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

33a,e). 

PRIc~~~s.--Infrequent; marginal prickles only. 

SHORT CELLS.-~OS~~~ solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >5/row: 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Sometimes the silica cells are adjacent (Plate 33c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped (often narrowly), 

dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short: intercostal 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (often narrowly) (Plate 33a,d ). 

MrcRoms.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

shorter, apical longer: apex tapered (Plate 33e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Common; costal and intercostal; basal cells 

markedly raised (Plate 33f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 6 or 7 stornatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 34a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends markedly or sometimes slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 34a). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

34~). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; marginal prickles only. 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Sometimes silica 

cells are adjacent (Plate 34c,d). 

SILICA BoDIE~.-COS~~~ cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends 

concave or straight, middle wide, short: intercostal crenatevertical, cross-shaped (sometimes narrowly), or sometimes 
10 SMITHSONIAN COhTUBUTTOXS TO BOTANY 

figure-eight (Plate 34a,c,d). 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 34e). 

raised (Plate 34f). 

MrcRows.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

MAcRomms.-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

Hemarthria natans Stapf 

PLATES 35.36 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 8-12 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 3546). 

INTERSTOMATAL Gus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 356). 

LONG CELw-bng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 356). 

PRIcKLEs.-N~~~ seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ >5/row, 3-5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 35c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped, crenatevertical (Plate 35c,d). 

MxcRows.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 3%). 

MACR~HAIRS .-Common; intercostal and costal; basal cells 

markedly raised. The shaft of the macrohair is flattened and 

twisted (Plate 35f). 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 6-8 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 

36a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends markedly to slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

36a,b). 

LONG CEus.-bng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 36a). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

36a). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 36c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded to concave, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 36c,d). 

McRoHArRs.4ommon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 36e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Common: intercostal and costal; basal cells 

markedly raised. Shaft of macrohair is flattened and twisted 

(Plate 36f). 

Heteropholis sulcata (Stapf) C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 37,38 

ABAxLa 

SToMAm.-Abundant; triangular; 7-10 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 37a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 376,~). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

37a,c). 

PRIcus.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~s.-Costal soitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant: 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 37d,e). 

SILICA Boms.-Costal cross-shaped; intercostal crenatevertical to cross-shaped (Plate 374e). 

Mmomm.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 37f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 5-7 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 38ab). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELw-hng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen. (Plate 386,~). 

LONG Cm.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 38a,b). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT C~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 38c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped to crenate-vertical 

(Plate 38c,d). 

MrcRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 38e). 

MAcRomrRs.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 38f). 

Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliott) Bentham 

PLATES 39.40 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular to highdome; 1 stomatal bandintercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 

39a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL Gus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 
NUMBER 67 11 

uniform; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous (?). Papillae: 

l/cell (at times compound) or 3 or more/cell, single row, 

elongate, variable (Plate 39a,c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; nonsinuous, 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or morel 

cell, single row, elongate, uniform (Plate 39a). 

Prucmx-Common; costal prickles (Plate 39a,f). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 39a,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular or dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle narrow, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 39d). 

MrcRowRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal and apical 

equal in length, long or basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

tapered (Plate 39e). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-NOne seen. 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, flat. Papillae: None seen or 3 or 

more/cell, single row, elongate, uniform (Plate 40a,b). 

PRICKLES .-Costal common; intercostal infrequent (Plate 

40a,f ). 

SHORT CEu.-Costal paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 40a,d ). 

SIUCA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 40c,d). 

MrcRomIRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal and apical 

equal in length, medium or basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

tapered (Plate 40e). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Homozeugos eylesii C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 41,42 

ASAXIAL 

STomm.-Comrnon to abundant; low-dome to triangular; 

1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 41a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 41b,c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

4 1 b,c,e). 

PrucKLEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

41de). 

SHORT CELLS.-€OS~~~ paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 4 Id-f). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded to straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 41d-f). 

MrcRomms.4ommon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

slightly longer; apex tapered (Plate 41f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAw.-Infrequent to common; low-dome to triangular; 

1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. 

Some intercostal zones have no stomata (Plate 42b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 42c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

42c,d ). 

PRIcaEs.-Common; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 42df). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; 

intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common to abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common to abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 42d,f). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded to straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 42d,f). 

MrcRomms.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long or basal shorter, apical slightly longer; apex 

tapered (Plate 42e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

raised (Plate 42f). 

Hyparrhenia bracteata (Willdenow) Stapf 

PLATES 43.44 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomatal band/ 

intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Subsidiary cells sometimes have 

a pair of papillae (Plate 436,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEu.-Square; ends straight to convex; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform (Plate 43b,c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 43c). 

PRIcmEs.-Abundant; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 43a,c). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 43c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short, or sometimes cross-shaped; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 43c,d). 

MrcRomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 43e). 

NIAcRomms.-Abundant; costal; basal cells slightly raised 

(Plate 43a,f). 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ADAXIAL INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

SToMTA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 44b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Thece are sometimes two 

interstornatal cells between stomata (Plate 44a-c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 44a,b). 

PRIcaEs.-Common; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 44a,b). 

SHORT Cm~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 44c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle, 

wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 44c,d ). 

MrcRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium; apex tapered (Plate 44e). 

MAcR0HAIRs.-Abundant; costal; basal cells slightly raised 

(Plate 44f). 

Hyperthelia dissolutu (Steudel) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 45.46 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUndant; low-dome, UiangUlar; 1 Stomata1 

band/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 45b,c). 

LUTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight 

to convex, slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose to elongate, uniform. Papillae 

are very large and often appear deflated (Plate 4%~). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or l/cell, globose to elongate, uniform. Papillae are very large, 

often appear deflated, and are located either near one end of 

cell or in center (Plate 45a,d). 

YRIcms.-Abundant; costal short macrohair-type prickles; 

intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 4%). 

SHom CELLs.-Costal solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

>5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 45b-d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

wide, short, cross-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 45b-d). 

MIcRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 45e). 

MAcROWIRS.-Abundant; costal; basal cells absent. (See 

Prickles) (Plate 45a,f). 

ADAXIAL 

STomn.-Infrequent; low-dome, triangular; distribution 

indeterminable (Plate 46b). 

ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose to 

elongate, uniform. Papillae are very large and appear deflated 

(Plate 46b,c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 46~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal prickles and short macrohairtype prickles; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 466,df). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 46c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

narrow or wide, short, sometimes cross-shaped; intercostal 

cross-shaped (Plate 46c,d ). 

MxRomm.--Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 46e). 

MAcRowRs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal short macrohair-type prickles; basal cells absent. See Prickles (Plate 

46f 1. 

Zmperutu cylindricu (Linnaeus) Raeuschel 

FLATES 47.48 

&AXIAL 

STomw.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 2 rowsband. Most subsidiary cells have 

a pair of papillae. Sometimes papillae are only slightly raised 

(Plate 47b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform or sometimes square; ends slightly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 47c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

47a,c). 

PRIcm.-Infrequent to common; intercostal prickles 

(Plate 47~). 

SHORT CELL~.--COS~~~ >%ow; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 47d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I nodular or dumbbell, ends straight 

or lobed, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 

47de). 

MrcRowIRs.--Cornmon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer to basal and apical equal in length, medium; 

apex tapered (Plate 47f). 

hkCROHAIRS.-NOne Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STo.mTA.--Common; triangular; 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband. Each subsidiary 

cell appears to have a pair of collapsed papillae (Plate 486,~). 
NJMBER 67 13 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends stlaight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (in zones near the 

margin and near the midvein) or 3 or more/cell, single row, 

globose, uniform (Plate 48a,c,f). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular or long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (in 

zones near the margin and near the midvein) or 3 or morehell, 

single row, globose, uniform (Plate 48a,df). 

PrUcm~s .-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

48d,f 1. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; 

intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 48de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight or lobed, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 48de). 

MmomrRs.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter to basal and apical equal in length, 

medium; apex tapered (Plate 484 f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

Ischaemum afrum (J.F. Gmelin) Dandy 

PLATES 49.50 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 

49a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 49~). 

LQNG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

49a,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal prickles and 

intercostal hooks (Plate 49d). 

SHORT Cm.s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal common to abundant; 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common to abundant; 

intercostal common (Plate 49c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight or rounded, 

middle wide, short or long; intercostal tall and narrow, 

cross-shaped, square (Plate 49c-e). 

MrcRomrRs.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex tapered (Plate 49f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomTA.--Common; low-dome to triangular; 1 or sometimes 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rows/band (Plate 50a,b). 

ISTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 50c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 50a,d). 

PRIcmEs.-Infrequent to common; costal prickles and 

intercostal hooks (Plate 50a). 

SHORT CEm.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 50c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded or straight, 

middle wide, long or short; intercostal tall and narrow, 

narrowly saddle-shaped, cross-shaped (Plate 50c-e). 

Mnoms.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex tapered (Plate 50f). 

MACRoHAIRs.-None seen. 

Loxodera caespitosa (C.E. Hubbard) Simon 

PLATES 51,52 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUndant; high-dome (?); 2 or 3 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band. Stomata are 

somewhat obscured by large papillae, and shape of the 

subsidiary cell is difficult to determine (Plate 51a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Square or sometimes rectangular; 

ends straight to convex; outline of walls indeterminable. 

Papillae: Well, globose, uniform (Plate 51c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width nonuniform 

(wider in middle); outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: 

None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform. Cells adjacent to 

stomata are often papillate (Plate 514 f). 

Pruc~~~s.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 51d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 

51de). 

McRomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, short: apex rounded (Plate 51f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome to triangular; distribution 

indeterminable because stomata too infrequent (Plate 526). 

LONG Cms.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 52a,c). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 52c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ paired, 3-5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only) or paired. Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; 
14 SMITHSO" CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAhT 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 52de). 

SILICA BODIES.-€OS~~~ cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends 

concave, middle wide, short: intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 

52de). 

Mrmoms.-Common; hvo-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer: apex rounded (Plate 5239. 

hhCRoHAIRs.-None seen (Plate 52f). 

Mkrostegium nudum (Trinius) A. Camus 

PLATES 53,54 

ASAXIAL 

STomm.-Common to abundant: low-dome, triangular or 

sometimes high-dome; 2-4 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 

row/band (Plate 53a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform: ends straight to convex or slightly concave; outline 

of walls indeterminable because of collapsed cells. Papillae: 

3 or more/cell, single row or sometimes irregular, globose, 

uniform (Plate 53b-d). 

LOKG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; outline of 

walls indeterminable because of collapsed cells. Papillae: 3 

or more/cell, single row, globose, uniform (Plate 53a,d). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; marginal prickles only. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row: intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal common: intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen. Cork cells are often papillate 

(Plate 53e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short: intercostal not seen (Plate 53e). 

MrcRomrRs.-Common to abundant; two-celled; basal and 

apical equal in length, medium or basal shorter, apical slightly 

longer: apex rounded (Plate 53f). 

hhCRoHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAn.-Common: low-dome to high-dome: 24 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 

54a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform: ends straight to convex or slightly concave: 

outline of walls indeterminable because of collapsed cells. 

Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row, globose, uniform (Plate 

LONG CEus.--Long, narrow, width uniform: outline of 

walls indeterminable because of collapsed cells. Papillae: 

None seen or 3 or more/cell, single row, globose, uniform 

(Plate 54a,d). 

54a-c). 

PRrcus.-Infrequent: marginal prickles only. 

SHORT CEL~S.-COS~~~ solitary, >5/row: intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 54d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends rounded 

or straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 

54de). 

Mr~oms.-Common; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

slightly shorter: apex rounded (Plate 54f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schumann) Pilger 

PLATES 55.56 

ASAXIAL 

SToMAn.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular or sometimes 

appearing parallel because of collapsed cells: 2 stornatal 

banddintercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 55b,c). 

LVTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-ReCtangUlar; ends slightly concave: nonsinuous (may be an artifact of collapsed cells). 

Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or cell slightly 

raised (Plate 55b,c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform: 

nonsinuous (may be an artifact of collapsed cells). Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 55b,c). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles (Plate %a). 

SHORT CEus.-Costal solitary, paired, >5/row: intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common: intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 55c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide or narrow, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 

55de). 

Mrmoms.-Abundant; two-celled: basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 55f). 

hhCRomS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomn.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular or sometimes 

appearing parallel because of collapsed cells: 1 or 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowshand (Plate 566,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEU .-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen or lkell, globose, uniform or cell slightly raised (Plate 

56a,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform: markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 56~). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT Cm~s.-Costal solitary, >5/row: intercostal solitary. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal infrequent (Plate 56de). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~I nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short (Plate 56d,e). 

MrmomrRs.-Common; two-celled: basal and apical equal 

in length, medium; apex rounded (Plate 561). 

hhCROHAIRS.-NOne Sen. 
NUMBER 67 15 

Monocymbium deightonu C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 57.58 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome: 1 or 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 576). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular: ends slightly concave (?): markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform. The whole cell appears raised and is 

often collapsed (Plate 576,~). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform and nonuniform: markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen, whole cell raised, or l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 

57a,c). 

PRICKLES ,-Infrequent; marginal prickles. 

SHORT CELLS.~OS~~~ >5/row: intercostal solitary (cork 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costai abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant: intercostal common 

(Plate 57de). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short: intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 57de). 

MrcRoHArRs.-Common: two-celled: basal slightly longer, 

apical shorter or basal and apical equal in length, medium: 

apex rounded (Plate 57f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

Sromm.-Infrequent; low-dome; distribution indeterminable (Plate 586). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Shape indeterminable: ends slightly 

concave: slightly sinuous (?), Papillae: None seen (Plate 58b). 

LONG Cus.-Long, narrow, width uniform: slightly and 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 58a,c). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent: intercostal prickles (Plate 58e). 

SHORT CELLS.-CoStal >5/row: intercostal paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal common: intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal common: intercostal infrequent (Plate 58c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short: intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 58c,d). 

MrcRomms.-Infrequent: basal slightly longer, apical 

shorter or basal and apical equal in length, medium: apex 

rounded (Plate 58f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

Oxyrhachis gracillima (Baker) C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 59.60 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAv..-Common: high-dome; distribution is indeterINTERSTOMATAL CmLs.-Rectangular; ends straight: nonminable because of overarching papillae (Plate 596,~). 

sinuous. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose to elongate, 

uniform (Plate 59b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Shape and walls indeterminable because of 

large, densely distributed, papillae (Plate 59ab). 

P;ucKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles. 

SHORT C~u.--None seen. 

MrcRoms.-Infrequent (possibly hidden by papillae); 

two-celled: basal shorter, apical longer: apex rounded (Plate 

59b). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-None Seen. 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

SPECIAL Fmws.-This species has very narrow leaves 

that are tightly rolled. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-None seen. 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

60a,c). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT CEms.-Costal and intercostal zones indistinguishable. Short cells paired or sometimes 3-5/row (Plate 60b,c). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, figureeight, dumbbell, ends rounded, middle wide, short (Plate 

60b,c). 

MrcRoms.-None seen. 

MACRoms.-None seen. 

SPECIAL Fmms.-This species has very narrow leaves 

that are tightly rolled. 

Phacelurus huillensis (Rendle) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 61.62 

ABAXIAL 

STomm.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 8 or 9 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 61b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-RectangUlar: ends markedly concave: markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen. Sometimes there are two interstomatals and a silica cell 

between stomata (Plate 616,~). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform: markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cells 

adjacent to stomata appear raised. See Prickles (Plate 61a,c). 

mUcKLEs.-Abundant; costal papillate-type prickles (Plate 

61d). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired: intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only), paired (sometimes two silica cells). Silica 

Cells: Costal infrequent: intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: 

Costal infrequent: intercostal abundant (Plate 61d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ and intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 

61de). 

MrcRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled: basal shorter, apical 

longer: apex rounded (Plate 61f). 
16 SMITHSOh7AN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAhT 

MACRomS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomw-Infrequent; low-dome; distribution indeterminable (Plate 626). 

LONG CELu.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cells 

adjacent to stomata appear raised. See Prickles (Plate 62~). 

PRICKLES.-C~~~~~; costal papillate-type prickles (Plate 

62c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only), paired (sometimes two silica cells). Silica 

Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: 

Costal infrequent; intercostal common (Plate 62c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ and intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 

62c,d ). 

MrcRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 62e). 

MACROHAIRS .-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

raised (Plate 62f). 

Rhylachne htifolia W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 63.64 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Common; low-dome; 4 or sometimes 5 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 

63a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL Gus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 63a). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

63a,c). 

pRIc~~~s.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 63c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 

63c-e). 

MrcRomIRs.-Common to abundant; two-celled; basal 

shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 63c,f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome; 4-6 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 64a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL &us.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 64~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 64a). 

pRIcms.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

3-5/row, >%'ow; intercostal paired. Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common (Plate 64de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded 

to concave, middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, 

cross-shaped, figure-eight (Plate 64de). 

MrcRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 64.). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Rottboellh cochinchinensis (Loureiro) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 65,66 

ABAXIAL 

STomm.--Common to abundant; low-dome or sometimes 

triangular; 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rows/band (Plate 65a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly 

to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are two interstomatals 

and a silica cell between stomata (Plate 65ab). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular or long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 6%). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent to common; costal prickles (Plate 

65e). 

SHORT Ca~s.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. 

Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 65c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 65c-e). 

MrcRoms.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

shorter, apical slightly longer; apex rounded (Plate 65e,f). 

MAc~oms.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomTA.-Infrequent; low-dome or sometimes triangular; 

stomata too infrequent to determine distribution (Plate 666). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 66c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 66c,e). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent to common; costal prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 66cd). 

SHORT. C~~~s.--Costal paired, 3-5/row, >Show; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common (Plate 66d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded 
NUMBER 67 17 

to concave, middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical 

(Plate me). 

MrcRows.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 66f). 

MACROHAIRS .-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 66a). 

Saccharum spontaneum subsp. aegyptiacum (Willdenow) 

Hackel 

PLATES 67.68 

ASAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome, triangular; 1 stomatal 

banflintercostal zone, 2 rows/band. Stomata are often obscured 

in grooves (Plate 67b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEm.-Square, rectangular; ends slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or cell slightly raised 

(Plate 67b,c). 

LONG CEiLs.--Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or 3 or 

more/cell, single row, globose, variable (Plate 67~). 

 PRICKLE^ .-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

67c). 

SHORT CEm.-Costal paired, >5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 67d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short, nodular, and sometimes cross-shaped; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 67d,e). 

MIcRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer; apex tapered (?). Microhairs are hidden in 

intercostal grooves (Plate 67f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen.

ADAXIAL 

STomw-Common; low-dome, triangular: 1 or 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 68b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 686,~). 

LONG CEus.-hng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or 3 or 

more/cell, single row, globose, variable (Plate 68~). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

68c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary, paired, >5/row; intercostal 

paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent (Plate 

68d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 68de). 

MrcRomrRs.-Infrequent: two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer; apex tapered (?) (plate 68f). 

M.4cRoHAIRS.-None seen. 

Schizachyn‘um rupestre (K. Schumann) Stapf 

PLATES 69.70 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomatal band/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 696,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Square; ends slightly to markedly 

concave; nonsinuous (difficult to determine because walls are 

obscured by wax). Sometimes cells are very reduced, and 

stomata are almost touching. Papillae: None seen or sometimes 

cell raised (Plate 69b,c). 

LONG Cw.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform: 

nonsinuous (difficult to determine because walls are obscured 

by wax). Papillae: None seen (Plate 69~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Abuiidant; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 69e). 

SHORT CELLS.--COS~A paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 69d,e). 

SIUCA BODIES.~OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight (?), middle 

wide, short; intercosta! not seen (Plate 69d,e). 

MrcRoms.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium or basal shorter, apical longer; apex rounded 

(Plate 69f). 

WCROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-NOne seen. 

LONG Cam.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 70a,b). 

PRIcuEs.--Common; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 70c,e,f). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Celis: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 70d,f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 70d,f). 

MICROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

Sehima nervosum (Rottler) Stapf 

PLATES 71.72 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant; parallel to low-dome; 1 stomatal 

banflintercostal zone, 1 row/band (plate 71ab). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELm.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pupillae: None 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

seen (Plate 71~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

71de). 

PIUcms.-Abundant; costal prickles; intercostal hooks 

(Plate 71a, f). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 

71d f 1. 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~I nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle short and nmow; intercostal not seen (Plate 71df). 

McRo-s.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long; apex tapered (Plate 71e). 

MACRoHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Infrequent; low-dome to triangular, 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband. Stomata occur only near 

margin (Plate 726,~). 

LVTERSTO~MATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 72c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

72c,f ). 

PRICKLES .-Abundant; costal prickles; intercostal prickles 

and hooks (Plate 72f). 

SHORT CEm.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 72c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle narrow, long; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 726,d). 

McRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long; apex tapered (Plate 72e). 

MAcRoHAIRs.--N~~~ seen. 

Sorghastrum bipennatum (Hackel) Pilger 

PLATES 73.74 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 or 2 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 

INTERSTOMATAL CEU .-Square; ends straight to convex; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform (Plate 73c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

73a,c). 

7 3a-c) . 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.---Costal >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 73d,e). 

SIUCA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide or narrow, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 73de). 

MrcRoms.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

slightly longer; apex rounded (Plate 73f). 

M.ACRoHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAw-Infrequent to common; triangular or sometimes 

low-dome; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband 

(Plate 740). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 74c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

7444. 

PRIcmEs.-Infrequent; marginal and intercostal prickles 

(Plate 74a). 

SHORT C~m.-Costal paired, >Show; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 74d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight to concave, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 74d). 

McRoHAnrs.--Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium or basal shorter, apical slightly longer; apex 

rounded (Plate 74e). 

MAcRomms.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 74f). 

Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf 

PLATES 75.75 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 3-5 stornatal band 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 756,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL Cus.--Square to rectangular; ends straight; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or cell raised near one end of cell (Plate 75b,c). 

LONG Cms.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or cell raised near one end of cell (Plate 75~). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; marginal prickles. 

SHORT CE~.-COS~~I >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 75d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped 

(Plate 75c-e). 

McRomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 75f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 
NUMBER 67 19 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUIIdant; low-dome to triangular; 3-6 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1-3 rows/band (Plate 76a,b). 

LUTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 76b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular to long, narrow, width 

uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen or cell raised (Plate 76a-c). 

PRIcKtEs.-Common; costal prickles and papillate-type 

prickles; intercostal papillate-type prickles (Plate 76a,b). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal common (Plate 76d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped, crenate-vertical 

(Plate 764e). 

MrcRomIRs.<ommon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 761). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Thelepogon elegans Roemer & Schultz 

PLATES 77.78 

ABAXIAL 

STo~m.-Common to abundant; low-dome to triangular; 

12-17 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rowshand (Plate 77b). 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 77a). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 77a). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal abundant. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 77c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~ dumbbell, ends straight to convex, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 77c,d). 

MmoHAIxs.--Cornmon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 77e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Infrequent; costal; basal cells markedly 

raised. Macrohairs are on midvein only (Plate 77f). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAx-Common; low-dome to triangular; 8-12 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 

78a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 78c). 

LONG CEm.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

78a,c). 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; marginal prickles only. 

SHORT CEm.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 78de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave to straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 784e). 

MrcRoms.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 78f). 

MACRomS.-None seen. 

Themeda triandra Forsskal 

PLATES 79, 80 

ABAXIAL 

STomm.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 stomatal 

banflintercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowshand. There is a pair of 

papillae on each subsidiary cell. The intercostal zone is very 

narrow (Plate 79a,b). 

to convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, usually two pairs or sometimes 

irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 79c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single 

row, globose, uniform (Plate 794d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-square, rf2Ctangular; ends straight 

PRIcKtEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 79a). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 79a,d). 

SILICA BODIES.--COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends concave 

or straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 79d). 

MmomrRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 79e). 

MACROHAIRS .--Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 79f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-NOne Seen. 

LONG CELLs.-hng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single 

row, globose, uniform (Plate 8Ob,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles Plate 

80a,b). 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common to abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common to abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 80c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave or straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 8Oc-e). 
20 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAh'Y 

MnomIRs.-Common to abundant; two-celled; basal 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

longer, apical shorter; apex tapered (?)(Plate 80f). 

Truchypogon spicutus (Linnaeus f.) Kuntze 

PLATES 81.82 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 816,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEUs.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to convex or markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or 

sometimes cell raised. Papillae are sometimes located near one 

end of cell (Plate 81a,c). 

LDNG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papillae are on cells adjacent to stomata and 

opposite stomata and are sometimes located near one end of 

cell (Plate 8 la,c). 

pRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I >5/row; intercostal paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common (Plate 81c,d). 

SIUCA BODIES.-€OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded or straight, 

middle narrow, short; intercostal cross-shaped, figure-eight, 

narrowly saddle-shaped (Plate 81c,d). 

McRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 81e). 

MAcRoHaIRs.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 8 If). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 1 stomatal 

banflintercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (Plate 

826,~). 

LUTERSTOMATAL C~~~s.-Rectangular, square; ends straight 

to convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or cell 

iaised. Papillae are sometimes located near one end of cell 

(Plate 82c). 

LDKG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papillae are on cells adjacent to stomata and 

opposite stomata and are som&mes located near one end of 

cell (Plate 82a,c). 

PRICKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CE~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common 

(Plate 82de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~A dumbbell, ends rounded or straight, 

middle narrow or wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 

82de). 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 826). 

raised (Plate 82f). 

MmoHAms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

MAcRomrRs.--Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

Urelytrum digitatum K. Schumann 

PLATES 83.84 

ASAXIAL 

SToww-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 2 or 3 bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 836). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEm.-Square, rectangular; ends markedly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 83c). 

LDNG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

83a,c). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent; intercostal hooks. 

SHORT CELLS,~OS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

>5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercosial 

infrequent (Plate 836,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, nodular, dumbbell, 

ends rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal narrowly 

saddle-shaped, cross-shaped, tall and narrow (Plate 836,d). 

M.ImoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 83e). 

MAcRoms.--Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 83f). 

ADAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome, mangular; 2 or 3 bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1-3 rowsband (Plate 846). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 846,~). 

LDNG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

84~). 

F'RICKLES.-N~~~ seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

>5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common (Plate 84c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped to square, dumbbell, 

ends rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal narrowly 

saddle-shaped, cross-shaped to square (Plate 84c,d). 

McRomIRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basa! shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 84e). 

MACR~HAIR~ .-Common; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

raised (Plate 84f). 
NUMBER 67 21 

Vetiveria nigritana (Bentham) Stapf 

PLATES 85.86 

ASAXIAL 

SToMA-w-Common; low-dome; 10 to 12 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband (plate 85a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 8%). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 8%). 

Pruc~~~s.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.~OS~~~ solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 85d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-CO~~A cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends 

rounded or concave, middle wide, short: intercostal crossshaped (Plate 85de). 

MmowRs.-Common to abundant; two-celled; basal 

shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 85f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomTA.--Common; low-dome to triangular; 3 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 8646). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 86c). 

LONG CEm.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

864d). 

PRIcmEs.-Common to abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 86a). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

3-5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen (Plate 86u,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

concave, or straight, middle wide, short; intercostal crossshaped (Plate 86a,d). 

McRomIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 86e). 

MAcRowRs.-Infrequent to common; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly raised. Macrohairs are arranged in rows of four 

along the leaf (Plate 86f). 

Vossia cuspidata (Roxburgh) Griffith 

PLATES 87, 88 

ABAXIAL 

STow.TA.-Abundant; parallel to low-dome; 2 or 3 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 876,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

elongate, uniform. Papillae are often near one end of cell (Plate 

87c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, uniform. Papillae are often 

near one end of cell (Plate 876,f). 

 PRICKLE^ .-Abundant; costal prickles. Prickles are quite 

large and often appear deflated or with a depression on upper 

surface (Plate 87a,f). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ and intercostal solitary (silica cells 

only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal not seen (Plate 87d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ and intercostal cross-shaped, crenatevertical (Plate 87de). 

McRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long; apex rounded (Plate 87e). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; parallel to low-dome; 1 stomatal 

ban4intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 88a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, uniform. 

Papillae are often near one end of cell (Plate 886). 

LONG Cam.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

elongate, variable. Papillae are often near one end of cell (Plate 

88ad ). 

PRIcms.-Abundant; costal prickles and short macrohairtype prickles; intercostal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 

88~). 

SHORT CELLS.---coStal and intercostal solitary (silica cells 

only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal not seen (Plate 886,d). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ and intercostal cross-shaped, crenatevertical (Plate 886,d). 

McRomIRs.--Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 88e). 

MAcRomms.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised. See Prickles (Plate 88af). 

Tribe MAYDEAE 

Coix lacryma-jobi Linnaeus 

PLATES 89,90 

&AXIAL 

STomTA.--Common; triangular; 2 or 3 stornatal bands/ 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends slightly 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 896,~). 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen. Sometimes there are >1 interstomatal cell(s) and 

short cell(s) between stomata (Plate 89b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Square, rectangular, pentagonal, long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Some areas in the intercostal zones consist of 

raised and sometimes undefined cells (Plate 89~). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT CEm.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal common (Plate 896,de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped 

(Plate 894e). 

MrcRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 89f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUndant; triangular; 3 or 4 stornatal bands/ 

intercostal zone; 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 90b,c). 

LYTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen. There are often >1 interstomatal cell(s) 

and short cell(s) between stomata (Plate 90b,c). 

LONG CmLs.-Square, rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 90~). 

PRIcKLEs.-N~~~ seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal 

abundant. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant (Plate 

904e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped 

(Plate 904e). 

MrcRowRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 90f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

Tripsacurn andersonii Gray 

PLATES 91.92 

ABAXIAL 

STo,MATA.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 2 or 3 stomatal 

bandslintercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 91b). 

LUTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Square, rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. There are sometimes 

two interstomatals separated by a silica body between stomata 

(Plate 91a,b). 

LONG CEus.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or 1 or 2/cell 

(part of cell adjacent to stomata is slightly raised) (Plate 91~). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ paired, 3-5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal abundant. 

Costal zones are not well defined (Plate 91d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-€OS~~~ cross-shaped or sometimes dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal crenatevertical, cross-shaped, nodular, dumbbell, ends concave, 

middle wide, short (Plate 91d,e). 

MrcRomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 9 If). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Abundant; low-dome; 2-4 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 926,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly or markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are 

several interstomatals and silica bodies between stomata (Plate 

92b, c) . LONG CEm.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cell 

adjacent to stomata slightly raised (Plate 92a,c). 

PRIcmEs.-Common; intercostal prickles (Plate 92e). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ 3-5/row; >Show. Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common (Plate 926-6). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, nodular, dumbbell, 

ends rounded or concave, middle wide, short; intercostal 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 92b-d ). 

MrcRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 92e). 

MAcRomrrrs.-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 92f). 

Zea mays Linnaeus 

PLATES 93, 94 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome, UiangUkU; 16-18 Stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 93b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Square, rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cell raised 

(Plate 93b,c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or cell raised (Plate 934~). 

hIcms.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-€OS~~~ >Show; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal abundant. Cork 
NUMBER 67 23 

Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal abundant (Plate 934e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, 

figure-eight (Plate 934e). 

MICROHAIRS.-AbUndant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 93f). 

h/lACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUndant; low-dome, triangular; 26 Stomata1 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 94b,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEms.Square, rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or cell raised 

(Plate 94b,d). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or cell raised (Plate 946,~). 

PRIcms.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles (often 

with deflated bases), costal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 

94a). 

SHORT CELLS.<OS~~~ paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal 

abundant. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal abundant 

(Plate 94c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, 

figure-eight (Plate 94c,d ). 

MrcRomms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 94e). 

MAcRowRs.-Common; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

raised. See Prickles (Plate 94f). 

West African Supplement 

Tribe BAMBUSEAE 

Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendelberger 

PLATES 95.96 

ABAXIAL 

STomTA.-Common; subsidiary cell shape indeterminable; 

2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rowsband. 

Stomata are obscured by overarching papillae (Plate 9%). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 9%). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 95a). 

PRrcms.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

95e). 

SHORT CELLS.-~OS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), 3-5/row; 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 95 a,c,d). 

SIIJCA BODIES.-COS~~~ narrowly saddle-shaped; intercostal 

figure-eight and sometimes crenate-vertical (Plate 95a,c,d). 

MrcRomms.--Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long; apex rounded (Plate 95f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMA-ix-Comrnon; subsidiary cell shape indeterminable; 

2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 or 3 

rowsband. Stomata are obscured by overarching papillae 

(Plate 96a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, uniform 

(Plate 96b). 

LONG CixLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 96a). 

PRIcms.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

96e). 

SHORT CELLS.--COS~~~ paired, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 96c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ narrowly saddle-shaped; intercostal 

figure-eight, and sometimes crenale-vertical or narrowly 

saddle-shaped (Plate 96c,d). 

MrcRoms.<ommon; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long, or basal slightly longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded (Plate 96f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Guaduella oblonga Hutchinson ex W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 91.98 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant; low-dome, triangular; 4 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband. Stomata are 

sometimes obscured by overarching papillae. Stomata1 bands 

are located adjacent to veins and separated by a wide area of 

long cells (Plate 97b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly concave or sometimes obscured by 
24 SMITHSONAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

papillae; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen or 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, uniform. 

Sometimes there is more than one interstomatal cell between 

stomata (Plate 976,~). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or sometimes 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 

97a, f ). 

PRrcms.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

97e). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I >5/row; intercostal paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal abundant. Cork cells are sometimes papillate (Plate 

976,d ). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ widely saddle-shaped; intercostal 

narrowly saddle-shaped, figure-eight (Plate 9764). 

h.lrCROHAIRS.-AbUndt; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 97f ). 

M~CROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STowm.-Infrequent; triangular, high-dome; distribution 

indeterminable (Plate 986). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. 

There are large, square, silicified (?) structures irregularly 

occurring on costal (?) areas (Plate 98a,c). 

PRIcruss.-Infrequent; prickles and short macrohair-type 

prickles on midvein only (Plate 98,). 

SHORT CELLS.-~OS~~~ >5/row (?); intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal 

abundant. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal common 

(Plate 986,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ narrowly saddle-shaped; intercostal 

narrowly saddle-shaped to figure-eight (Plate 986,d ). 

MrcRomIRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 98e). 

MACROHAIRS .-SeePrickles. 

Tribe ACROSTIDEAE 

Hypseochloa cameroonensis C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 99. 100 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome (?); 2 stomata1 bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband. Subsidiary cell shape is difficult 

to determine because cells are collapsed (Plate 99a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL Cms.-Rectangular, hexagonal; ends straight 

to convex; nonsinuous (?) (Cells are collapsed.). Papillae: 

None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform. It appears that each cell 

has a large thin-walled papilla that has collapsed (Plate 996,~). 

LONG CELLS.-Hexagonal, long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous (?). Outline of cell is difficult to determine because 

of collapsed cells. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. It appears that each cell has a large thin-walled papilla 

that has collapsed (Plate 99a,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles (Plate 99c). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen (Plate 99d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 99d,e). 

MrcRomrRs.4ommon; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 99e). 

MAcRomms.-Common; intercostal; basal cells slightly to 

markedly raised (Plate 99f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-NOne Seen. 

LONG CELm-bng, narrow, width uniform; nonsinuous. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 100a,b). 

F’rucruEs.-Infrequent; intercostal and marginal prickles 

(Plate 1006). 

SHORT CELLS.~OSG~ >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 100c,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle narrow or Sometimes wide, short; intercostal crenatevertical, figure-eight (Plate lOOc,d). 

MmomrRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 100e). 

MAcRomrRs.-Common; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate lOOf). 

SPECIAL FEAWS.-IrregUlar horizontal striations are found 

on long cells. 

Tribe AELUROPODEAE 

Aeluropus lagopoides (L.innaeus) Trinius ex Thwaites 

PLATES 101. 102 

ABAXIAL 

STomTA.-Abundant; low-dome, WhIgUlar; 2 Stomata1 

bands/intercostal zone, 2 or sometimes 1 rowband. Stomata 

obscured by overarching papillae (Plate 1016). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectanguiar, sometimes square or 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends indeterminable because of 

overarching papillae; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: l/cell, elongate, variable. Papillae are located near 

one end of cell (Plate 101c). 

LONG CmLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: Well, 

elongate, variable. Papillae are located near one end of cell or 

sometimes in the center of the cell (Plate 10la,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-None seen. 
NUMBER 67 25 

SHORT C~m.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal common. Cork cells are papillate (Plate 

10 ld-f). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal tall and narrow, crenate-vertical, 

narrowly saddle-shaped (Plate 1Old-f). 

Mmoms.-None seen. Microhairs may be indis tinguishable from papillae. 

h/ZACRomS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomn.-Infrequent to common; low-dome, triangular; 2 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 

1 02 b, c) . INTERSTOMATAL CEm.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, 

elongate, variable. Papillae are often located near one end of 

cell or sometimes in center. There are sometimes two 

interstornatal cells between stomata (Plate 102c). 

LONG Cas.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

or l/cell, elongate, variable. Papillae are often located near one 

end of cell or sometimes in center (Plate 1024~). 

PRICKLES .-Infrequent to common; costal prickles (Plate 

102a). 

SHORT C~us.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary. Silica 

Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork cells are papillate (Plate 1026,de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal tall and narrow, square (Plate 

1026, de). 

Mmoms.-Infrequent to common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter (?). Apical cell is collapsed, therefore the 

ratio of the basal cell to the apical cell and shape of apex is 

indeterminable (Plate lO'2f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

Tribe ARUNDINELLEAE 

Danthonwpsis chevalieri A. Camus & C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 103, 104 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-AbUndant; low-dome or sometimes triangular; 

2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 

103b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 103~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

1 03 6, c) . 

PRIcms.-Infrequent; margins only (Plate 103e). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >Show; 

intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: 

Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 1036,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ narrowly saddle-shaped (sometimes 

lobed), crescent-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, 

short; intercostal narrowly saddle-shaped (Plate 1036,d). 

MicRomms.-Abunht; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 103f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STomw.-Abundant; low-dome or sometimes triangular; 

2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

104b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular or sometimes square, 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to markedly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 104~). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Intercostal 

zones have midridge with indistinct cells (Plate 104~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 104bd). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short or sometimes cross-shaped or square; intercostal 

narrowly saddle-shaped, cross-shaped, crescent-shaped (Plate 

104b,d). 

M.moms.-Common; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, long; apex tapered (Plate 104e). 

MAcRoms.-Infrequent; intercostal; located in raised 

midridge; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 104f). 

ma). 

Loudetiopsis thoroldii (C.E. Hubbard) Phipps 

PLATES 105, 106 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-T^w-dome. Stomata frequency and distribution 

is indeterminable because stomata are sunken in intercostal 

grooves (Plate 1056,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; walls indeterminable. Papillae: None seen (Plate 105b,c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; walls markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

105a, c) . PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal and intercostal (?) prickles, 

short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 105e). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~I solitary, paired, 3-5/row, >5/row; 
26 SMITHSO" CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

intercostal not seen (possibly hidden in intercostal grooves). 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (?). Cork 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (?) (Plate 105c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

narrow, long; intercostal not seen (Plate 10%-e). 

McRoHAm.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate l05f). 

MACRO HAIRS.-^^^ Prickles. 

ADAXIAL 

STomTA.-Common; low-dome; 1 stornatal band/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 1066,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 106b,c). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

106~). 

PRIcmEs.-Common to abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 106a,de). 

SHORT CEu.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 106d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends concave, middle 

narrow, long or short; intercostal cross-shaped (often deformed 

with one arm missing) (Plate 106de). 

McRo~IRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 106f). 

MACROHAIRS ,-None seen. 

Tribe PANICEAE 

Ich na nth us vicin us (Bailey ) M er r ill 

PLATES 107, 108 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAm.-Infrequent; low-dome, triangular; distribution 

indeterminable because so few stomata (Plate 1076). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELs.-shape indeterminable; ends slightly 

to markedly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 1076,~). 

LONG C=Ls.-Rectangular, pentagonal, long, narrow, width 

uniform; slightly to markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 107~). 

PRICKLES.--N~~~ seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Sometimes there 

are adjacent costal silica bodies (Plate 107d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight or 

sometimes lobed, middle narrow, short; intercostal crossshaped (Plate 107de). 

McRomIRs.--Abundant; two-celled; basal and apical equal 

in length, medium to basal shorter, apical longer; apex rounded 

(Plate 107f). 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 108a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 108a,b). 

L~NG C~~~s.--Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform 

and nonuniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

108a). 

PRICKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary 

(silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Sometimes there are adjacent costal silica bodies (Plate 

108c,d ). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped 

(Plate 108c,d). 

McRowms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 108e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate l08f). 

Microcalamus barbinodis Franchet 

PLATES 109, 110 

ABAXIAL 

STomTA.-Common; low-dome, triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 1096). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square; ends markedly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 109b). 

LBNG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

109~). 

PRICKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >Wow; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 1094). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, concave, 

straight, middle narrow, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, 

cross-shaped (Plate 109c,d). 

McRomrRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 109e). 

MAcRomIRs.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells slightly 

raised (Plate lO9f). 

ADAXIAL 

STom-rA.-Common; triangular; 2 stornatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate llOb,c). 
NUiMBER 67 27 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly concave: markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 1106,~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform: markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

llOa,d). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT CELIS.-COS~~I >5/row; intercostal paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant: intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 1 1Od-f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~I widely saddle-shaped, crossshaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal 

cross-shaped (Plate 110d-f). 

MrcRoms.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS .-None seen. 

SPECIAL FEAms.-Intercostal, raised, silicified (?) rectangular structures present (Plate 110a). 

Paratheria prostrata Grisebach 

PLATES 111,112 

ASAXIAL 

STowm.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 1116,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELrs.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave: markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 11 16,~). 

LONG CELLs.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

11 lab). 

PRICKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-~OS~~~ >5/row: intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal abundant (Plate 11 lc-e). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

wide, short: intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped. Sometimes there are two adjacent silica bodies (Plate 11 lc-e). 

McRoms.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex tapered (Plate 11 If). 

MACROHAIRS ,-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant: high-dome: 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 1126,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to convex: nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, 

uniform or cell raised. There are sometimes two interstomatals 

between stomata (Plate 1126,~). 

LONG CELLs.-Pentagonal, long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform 

or cell raised (Plate 112a,c). 

PRIcKLEs.--Common: costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

112d). 

SHORT CELLS.-€OS~~~ 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal common: intercostal infrequent. Cork 

Cells: Costal common: intercostal infrequent (Plate 112de). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 112d,e). 

MrcRowRs.-Comrnon: two-celled: basal shorter, apical 

longer: apex tapered (Plate 1 l2f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen.

Tribe ANDROPOGONEAE 

Anadelphia trispicuhta Stapf 

PLATES 113. 114 

ABAXIAL 

STomm.-Common; low-dome to triangular: 2 or sometimes 1 bandintercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband (Plate 113b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform, sometimes square; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen or l/cell, 

globose, uniform or cell raised (Plate 113c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform 

and nonuniform: markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen or l/cell, globose, uniform or cell raised 

(Plate 113~). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.~OS~~~ >5/row: intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal common: intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen (Plate 113e). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

narrow, long, sometimes nodular; intercostal not seen (Plate 

113e). 

McRoms.-Common to abundant: two-celled; basal 

longer, apical slightly shorter: apex rounded (Plate 113f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-None seen. 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform and nonuniform: markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 114a,c). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT cE~~~.--Costal pired (on midvein only), >show; 

intercostal paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 114b,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.--COS~~I narrowly saddle-shaped and crescentshaped (on midvein only), dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

narrow, long or short, wide; intercostal narrowly saddleshaped, cross-shaped (Plate 114b,d,e). 

MrcRomIRs.4ommon; two-celled: basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 114f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NO~~ seen.
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

L-usiurus hirsutus (ForsskHI) Boissier Puruhyparrheniu unnuu (Hackel) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 115, 116 

ASAXIAL 

STOMTA.-AbUndant; low-dome to triangular; 1 (?) stomatal bandhntercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowsband. Intercostal zones 

are difficult to determine (Plate 1156,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen. Sometimes there are two interstomatal cells or two 

interstomatals and a silica cell between stomata (Plate 115a-c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

115a,b). 

PRIcms.--Common; costal (?) and intercostal prickles; 

intercostal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 115d). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ solitary (silica cells only), paired, 

3-5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common (Plate 115c-e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 115c-e). 

MrcRomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 1 l5f). 

MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; raised basal cells 

absent. See F’rickles (Plate 115a,d). 

ADAXIAL 

STom-ix-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 1166,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS .-Square, rectangular; ends slightly 

to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 116b,c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. There are 

raised bands of indistinguishable long cells between the rows 

of stomata (Plate 116~~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles; intercostal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 116c,d). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal and 

intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal 

common (Plate IlOb,d). 

SILICA BODIES.~OS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 

116b,d). 

MrcxomIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 116e). 

MAcRomms.-Abundant; intercostal and costal (?); raised 

basal cells absent. See Prickles (Plate 116a,f). 

PLATES 117, 118 

ABAXIAL 

STomu.-Abundant; low-dome (?); 1 stomatal band/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband. Subsidiary cell shape is difficult 

to determine because of collapsed cells (Plate 1176,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends straight 

to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

%ell, globose, uniform (Plate 1176,~). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

117~). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 

117c). 

SHORT C~~~s.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica 

cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent 

(Plate 117d). 

SILICA BODIES.<OS~~~ dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

short, wide or long, narrow, sometimes nodular; intercostal 

crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle 

wide, short (Plate 117d). 

Mmoms.<ommon; two-celled; basal longer, apical 

shorter; apex rounded (Plate 117e). 

MAcRoms.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised (Plate 117f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOIl; low-dome; 2 stornatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 rowband (Plate 118a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae are 

sometimes located near one end of cell. There are often two 

interstornatal cells between stomata (Plate 118a,b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 118c). 

PRIcnEs.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles; sometimes costal short macrohair-type prickles (Plate 118a,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~ >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common. There are sometimes 

two adjacent silica bodies (Plate 118d). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight 

or sometimes rounded, middle narrow, long or sometimes 

short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 118d). 

MrcRomws.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 118e). 

MAcRomms.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal cells markedly 

raised. See Prickles (Plate 118f). 
NUMBER 67 29 

Robynsiochloa purpurascens (Robyns) Jacques-FClix 

PLATES 119, 120 

ABAXIAL 

SToMAn.-Abundant; triangular, low-dome, high-dome; 

14 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

1196,~). 

INTERSTOMATAL CEus.Square, rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 119b,c). 

LONG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

119~). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT CEus.-Costal >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal abundant (Plate 1194e). 

SILICA BODIES.-COS~~~ cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, 

figure-eight (Plate 1194e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 119f). 

MACRoHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMAx-Abundant; low-dome, triangular, high-dome; 

14 stomatal banddintercostal zone, 1-3 rows/band (Plate 

1206s). 

INTERSTOMATAL C'Em.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width 

uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 120b,c). 

LQNG CEus.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; markedly 

siunous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

120a,c). 

PRICKLES .-None seen. 

SHORT C'ELLS.-COS~~~ paired, >%-ow; intercostal solitary, 

paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal abundant. 

Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal abundant (Plate 

120bde). 

SILICA BODIES.-COSUI cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, 

figure-eight (Plate 120b,de). 

MImoms.-Common; two-celled; basal shorter, apical 

longer; apex rounded (Plate 120f). 

MACROHAIRS.-N~~~ seen. 
Appendix A 

East African Material Studied 

Species Collection Origin Herbarium 

Andropogon abyssinicus 

Andropterum stolzii 

Arthraxon lancifolius 

Capillipedium parviflorum 

Chrysopogon plumulosus 

Cleistachne sorghoides 

Coelorhachis afraurita 

Coix lacryma-jobi 

Cymbopogon nardus 

Dichanthium annulatum 

Diheteropogon amplectens 

var. catangensis 

Elionurus tripsacoides 

Elymandra grallata 

Eriochrysis pallida 

Euclasta condylotricha 

Eulalia villosa 

Exotheca abyssinica 

Hackelochloa granularis 

Hemarthria natans 

Heteropholis sulcata 

Heteropogon melanocarpus 

Homozeugos eylesii 

Hyparrhenia bracteata 

Hyperthelia dissoluta 

Imperata cylindrica 

Ischaemum afrum 

Loxodera caespitosa 

Microstegium nudum 

Miscanthus violaceus 

Monocymbium deightonii" 

Oxyrhachis gracillima 

Phacelurus hw'llensis 

R hytachne latifolia 

Rottboellia cochinchinensis 

Pedersen 1102 

Webster K55 

Wiehe ND93 

Milne-Redhead & Taylor 101 10 

Greenway 7783 

Ament & Magogo 324 

Bogdan AB2563 

Eggeling 1843 

Harris & Mwasumbi 955 

Shantz 119 

Renvoize & Abdallah 1802 

Schlieben 3967 

Mitchell 13/01 

Salubeni 443 

Lewalle 3938 

Kahurananga 2663 

Davidse 6852 

Brass 17344 

Wood 245 

Archer 716 

Milne-Redhead & Taylor 9058 

Mbano & Ndolanga 104 

Webster T237 

Webster A247 

Davidse 92 12 

Richards 26 175 

Faden 741746 

Webster A169 

Thomas 2263 

Vesey-Fitzgerald 195 

Wingfield 587 

Robinson 39 19 

Phipps & Vesey-Fitzgerald 

Volleson MRC 2390 

Bjornstad 228 

Adam 6837-7 

3055 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Malawi 

Tanzania 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Uganda 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Tanzania 

Tanzania 

N. Rhodesia 

Malawi 

Burundi 

Tanzania 

S. Africa 

Malawi 

Uganda 

Kenya 

Tanzania 

Tanzania 

Tanzania 

N. Rhodesia 

Kenya 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Zambia 

Uganda 

Kenya 

French Guinea 

Tanzania 

N. Rhodesia 

N. Rhodesia 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

K 

K 

K 

us 

K 

K 

K 

K 

MO 

us 

K 

MO 

MO 

us 

MO 

K 

MO 

us 

K 

K 

K 

MO 

K 

us 

MO 

K 

K 

MO 

K 

K 

MO 

K 

MO 

MO 

K 

K 

*This West African species has been substituted for the East African M. ceressiforme (Nees) Stapf, for which 

we were unable to get suitable material for study. 

30 
XUMBER 67 31 

East African Material Studied4ontinued. 

Species Collection Origin Herbarium 

Saccharum spontaneum Thomas 3368 Uganda K 

Sehima nervosum Hudson 271 Uganda us 

Sorghum arundinaceum Myre 26 Mozambique us 

Thelepogon elegans Richard 19,914 Tanzania K 

Themeda triandra Shantz 255 Malawi us 

Trachypogon spicatus Bouxin et Radoux 1150 Rwanda MO 

Tripsacum andersonii Calderon 1332 El Salvador MO 

subsp. aegyptiacum 

Schizachyrium rupestre Adam 24260 Liberia MO 

Sorghastrum bipennatum Greenway & Kanuri 15,464 Tanzania MO 

Urelytrum digitatum Thomas 1293 Uganda us 

Vetiveria nigritana Nicholson 35 Tanzania K 

Vossia cuspidata Harris 1825 Tanzania K 

Zea mays Asima 421 Ghana us 
Appendix B 

West African Material Studied 

Species Collection Oripin Herbarium 

Aeluropus lagopoides Arvidsson 61 Mauretania K 

Anade lp hia trispic data Thorold 300 Ghana us 

Danthoniopsis chevalieri Glanville 313 Sierre Leone K 

Guaduella oblonga Baldwin 6704 Liberia us 

Hypseochloa cameroonensis Maitland 874 Cameroun K 

Ichnanthus vicinus Adams 807 Liberia K 

Lasiurus hirsutus Rosetti 194 Mali K 

Loudetiopsis thoroldii Ankah s.n. 3O/IX/57 Ghana K 

Microcalamus barbinodis Brenan 9442 Cameroun K 

Parahyparrhenia annua Behrhaut 3199 Senegal K 

Paratheria prostrata Jordan 282 Sierre Leone K 

Bambusa vulgaris Palmer 895 Ghana DU 

Robynsiochloa purpurascens Fay 6154 Cen. Afr. Rep. MO 

32 
Liter a ture Cited 

Clayton, W.D. 

1970. Gramineae, Part 1. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. Polhill, editors, 

Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 1-176. London: Crown Agents 

for Oversea Governments and Administrations. 

Gramineae. In F.N. Hepper, editor, Flora of West Tropical Africa, 

second edition, pages 349-512. London: Crown Agents for Oversea 

Governments and Administrations. 

Gramineae, Part 2. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. Polhill, editors, 

Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 177449. London: Crown 

Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations. 

Gramineae, Part 3. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. Polhill, editors, 

Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 450-850. Rotterdam: A.A. 

Balkema. 

Grass Cuticles: A New Paleoecological Tool for East African Lake 

Sediments. Canadian Journal of Botany, 54(15):1725-1734. 

1972. 

1974. 

1982. 

Palmer, P.G. 

1976. 

Palmer, P.G., and A.E. Tucker 

1981. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East 

African Grasses, I. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 49: 84 

pages. 

A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East 

African Grasses, II. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 53: 72 

pages. 

A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East 

African Grasses, III. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 55: 136 

pages. 

A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East 

African Grasses, IV. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 62: 120 

pages. 

1983. 

Palmer, P.G., S. Gerbeth-Jones, and S. Hutchison 

1985. 

Palmer, P.G., and S. Gerbeth-Jones 

1986. 
34 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAKY 

PLATE 1.-Abaxial epidermis Andrupugon abyssinicm, Pedersen 1102: a, overview, long cells, ~240; b, stoma, 

interstornatal cell, x640; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, x480; d intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x960: e, microhair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; base of macrohair, ~320. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 2.-Adaxial epidermis Andropogon abyssinicur, Pedersen 1102 (b-d). Webster K55 (a,ef): a, overview, 

interstornatal cell (arrow), short macrohair-type prickles, x320; b, stomata, x640; c, interstomatal cells, long 

cells, X240; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), ~320; e, microhair, ~1875; 

I; base of macrohair, x320. 

35 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 3.-Abaxial epidermis Androprerum stolzii, Wiehe Xj293: u, overview, prickles, interstomatal cells 

(arrow), ~295; b, stoma, long cells, ~1250; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x625; 4 intercostal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), prickle, ~1285; e, microhair, x1696;j base of macrohair, x625. 
SUMBER 67 

PLATE 4.-Adaxial epidermis Andropterm stoizii, Wiehe Nn93: a, overview, base of macrohair, ~295; 6, 

stoma, long cells, prickles, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x867; c, interstomatal cell, ~867; d 

microhair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x1285;f; 

microhair, x1696. 

37 
38 SMITHSOMAN COXFUBUTIONS TO BOTAhY 

 ATE 5.-Abaxial epidermis Arthruxon luncifoliw, Milne-Redhead & Taylor 101 10: a, overview, long cells, 

~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250: 

e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 6.-Adaxial epidermis Arrhraxon lancifoliur, Milne-Redhead & Taylor 10110: a, long ceLIs, x640; 6, 

stoma, ~12.50; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; 4 intercostal silica body, ~12.50; e, microhair 

(arrow), x640;f; base of macrohair, x1250. 

39 
40 SMITHSOMAN COhTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTAKY 

PLATE 7.-Abaxial epidermis Cupillipedium parvifolium, Greenway 7783: a, overview, macrohairs, x320; b, 

stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, ~640; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, microhair 

(arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; bases of macrohairs, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 8.-Adaxial epidermis Cupillipediwnpurvifofium, Greenway 7783: a, overview, prickles, ~320; 6, stoma, 

long cells, ~1250; c, nonpapillate long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; intercostal silica 

body (sb), cork cell (cc), ~1250; e, microhair (arrow), x640;f; base of macrohair, ~640. 

41 
42 S-MITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 9.-Abaxial epidermis Chrysopogon plwnulosus, Ament & Magogo 324: a, overview showing costal 

zone with inflated cells, x320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, long cells, short macrohair-type prickles, intercostal silica 

body, interstomatal cell (arrow), x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc). x1250;j microhair, x640. 
SUMBER 67 

PLATE 10.-Adaxial epidermis Chrysopogon plwnufosus, Ament & Magogo 324: a, overview, short 

macrohair-type prickles, ~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstornatal cell, intercostal silica body (arrow), x640; d 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x1250; e, microhair (arrow), macrohairs, x640; base of macrohair, 

x1250. 

43 
44 SMITHSOMAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAKY 

PLATE 1 1.-Abaxial epidermis Cleistachne sorghoides, Bogdan AB2563: a, overview, base of macrohair, ~320; 

b, stoma, X12.50; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, ~640; d. costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~1250; e, 

intercostal silica body (arrow), ~12.50; j microhair, x12.50. 
XUMBER 61 

PLATE 12.-Adaxial epidermis Clekrachne sorghoides, Bogdan AB2563: a, overview, interstomatal cells, long 

cells, prickle (arrow), ~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c,intercostal silica bodies, cork cell (arrow), costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250; 4 intercostal silica body (arrow), ~1250; e, long cells, microhair, ~640; f; base of 

macrohair, x320. 

45 
46 S,MITHSONAV CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 13.-Abaxial epidermis Coelorhachis afraurita, Eggeling 1843: a, overview, long cells, ~320; 6, stoma, 

~1250; c,interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, 

intercostal silica body (sb). cork cell (cc). x64O;f; microhair, horizontal striations on long cells, x1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 14.-Adaxial epidermis Codorhachis afrawita, Eggeling 1843: a, overview, interstornatal cells, long 

cells, 320; b, stoma, x1250; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), ~640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;f; microhair, horizontal striations on long cells, 

x1250. 

47 
S,MlTHSONAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 15.-Abaxial epidermis Cymbopogon nardus, Shantz 119: a, overview, prickles (arrow), x320; b, stoma, 

~1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), ~1250; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc). ~640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x125O;j microhair, ~1250. 
SUMBER 67 

PLATE 16.-Adaxial epidermis Cymbopogon nardus, Shantz 119: a, overview, long cells, prickles, ~320; b, 

stomata, interstornatal cell, x1250; c, long cells, interstornatal cells, ~320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), ~1250; e, costal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; microhair, ~1250. 

49 
50 SMITHSO;\?AhT COhTUBUTIONS TO BOThUY 

PLATE 17.-Abaxial epidermis Dichanfhiwn unnulufwn, Renvoize & Atdallah 1802: u, overview, macrohair, 

~160; b, stomata, ~640; c, interstomatal cells, ~640; 4 long cells, costal zone, x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc), microhair (arrow), x640;f; macrohair, x320. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE lS.-Adaxial epidermis Dichanthium annulatum, Renvoize & Abdallah 1802: a, overview, x160; 6, stoma 

(arrow), ~640; c, long cells, costal prickle (arrow), x320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, 

microhairs, x640;f; base of macrohair, x320. 

51 
52 SMITHSOMAN COhTUBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 19.-Abaxial epidermis Diheteropogon amplectens var. catangemis, Schlieben 3967: a, overview, long 

cells, ~320; b, stoma, interstornatal cell (arrow), ~640; c, long cells, interstornatal cells, x320; d, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, intercostal silica bodies (arrows), x640;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 20.-Adaxial epidermis Diheteropogon amplectem var. catangemis, Schlieben 3967: a, overview, long 

cells, ~320; b, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; 

d long cells, costal silica bodies and cork cells, ~320; e, intercostal prickle, x640;f; microhair, x1250. 

53 
54 SiMITHSONAV CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 21.-Abaxial epidermis Efionwur tripsocodes, Mitchell 13/01 : a, overview, long cells, interstomatal 

cells, intercostal hook (h), x352; 6, stoma, costal papdate cork cell (arrow), x704; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), 

costal prickles, ~528; d costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). x1056; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x704;f; microhair, x1375. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 22.-Adaxial epidermis Elionurus tripsacoides, Mitchell 13/01: a, overview, long cells, intercostal silica 

bodies (arrow) ~176; b, stoma, long cells, x352; c, interstomatal cell, intercostal silica bodies, cork cells, ~352; 

4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x352; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x528;f; microhair, 

x1375. 

55 
56 SMITHSONIAN CO?UTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 23.-Abaxial epidermis Elymandru grullutu, Salubeni 443: u, overview, long cells, x320; b, stoma, 

~12.50; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250: e, 

intercostal prickles, ~640; f microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 24.-Adaxial epidermis Elymandra grallata, Salubeni 443: a, ovewiew, prickles, ~160; b, long cells, 

~640; c, costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). ~1250; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, costal 

silica bodies (arrow), x640;f; costal and intercostal prickles, ~320. 

57 
58 SMITHSOMAN CONTRlBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 25.-Abaxial epidermis Eriochrysis pull&, Lewalle 3938: a, overview, long cells, ~320: b, stoma, 

x12.50; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; d intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), ~640: e, 

intercostal or costal (?) silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x640;f; base of macrohair, ~640. 
NUMBER 61 

PLATE 26.-Adaxial epidermis Eriochrysir pallidu, Lewalle 3938: u, overview, long cells, ~240; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cells (arrow), x640; c, long cells, prickles, ~480; d costal(?) silica body (sb), ~640; e, microhair, 

x1250;f; macrohairs, x320. 

59 
60 SMTTHSONAN COhTRIE3UTIONS TO BOTAKY 

PLATE 27.-Abaxial epidermis Euclasta condylotricha, Kahurananga 2663: a, overview, interstomatal cells, 

x240; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, x320. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 28.-Adaxial epidermis Euclarta condylotrich, Kahurananga 2663: a, overview, long cells, ~240; b, 

stoma, ~2500; c, long cells, intercostal hooks (arrow), x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~640; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;f; costal macrohair, prickles (arrow), x320. 

61 
62 SiMITHSOXIAN CONTRBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 29.-Abaxial epidermis Eululiu villosa, Davidse 6852: a, ovewiew, long cells, ~160; b, stomata, ~1250; 

c, long cells, intercostal prickle (arrow), hook (h), x320; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, 

microhair, x125O;f; base of macrohair. x320. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 30.-Adaxial epidermis Eulafia viflosa, Davidse 6852: a, overview, long cells, ~160; b, stomata, prickles, 

x640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, prickles (arrow), x320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

intercostal cork cell (arrow), ~960; e, microhair, x960;f; base of macrohair, ~480. 

63 
64 SMITHSOXIAS COXRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 31.-Abaxial epidermis Exotheca abyssinicu, Brass 17344: a, overview, x320; b, stoma, ~2500; c, 

interstomatal cell, ~1250; d, long cells, costal prickles, intercostal hooks (arrow), x640; e, costal silica body 

(sb), cork cell (cc), x1250;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 32.-Adaxial epidermis Exotheca abyssinica, Brass 17344: a, overview, long cells, intertwined 

macrohairs, prickles, ~320; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, ~1250; c, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), 

~2.500; 4 costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). x1250; e, microhair, x12.50; f costal short macrohair-type 

prickles, x320. 

65 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 33.-Abaxial epidermis HackelucNw grandark, Wood 245: a, overview, interstornatal cells (arrow), 

x320; b, stoma, ~960; c, costal silica bodies (sb). cork cells (cc), 860; intercostal silica body (arrow), x640; 

e, microhair, long cells, x960; f; base of macrohair, x480. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 34.-Adaxial epidermis Hackelochlw granularir, Wood 245: a, overview, interstomatal cells (arrow), 

~320; b. stoma, ~1250; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; d, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), 

~1250; e, long cells, microhairs (arrow), x640;i base of macrohair, ~320. 

67 
68 SMITHSONAS COATRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 35.-Abaxial epidermis Hemurthriu natans, Archer 716: a, stoma, ~1250; b, interstomatal cell, long 

cells, x640; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x1250; intercostal silica body, x1250; e, microhair, 

x64O;J macrohairs with twisted shafts, x160. 
NC'MBER 67 

PLATE 36.-Adaxial epidermis Hemurthria nuturn, Archer 716: a, overview, ~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~1250; d, intercostal silica body (sb), ~1250; e, microhair, ~1250;f; base of 

macrohair, x320. 

69 
70 SMITHSOhTAN COiWRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 37.-Abaxial epidermis Heteropholir sulcata, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9058: a, overview, x240; b, 

stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, ~320; costal cork cells (cc). silica bodies (sb), ~480; e, 

intercostal silica bodies (arrows), x640;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 38.-Adaxial epidermis Heteropholir sulcata, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9058: u, ovewiew, ~240; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, ~320; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), interstomatal cell, ~640; d 

intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, microhair, x1250;B base of macrohair, x320. 

71 
72 SMITHSOW CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 39.-Abaxial epidermis Heteropogon melanocarpus, Mbano and Ndolanga 104: a, overview, prickles 

(arrow), long cells, x320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), prickle, stomata, ~1250; 4 costal silica 

body (sb), ~2.500; e, microhair (arrow), long cells, ~1250;Jprickle. ~1250. 
PLATE 40.-Adaxial epidermis Heteropogon melanocarpus, Mbano and Ndolanga 104: a, overview, prickles, 

long cells, ~160; b, long cells, ~640, c, costal silica body (sb), ~2500, d costal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc). 

~2500; e, microhair, x125O;J prickle, x12.50. 

73 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 41.-Abaxial epidermis Homozeugos eylesii, Webster T237: a, overview, x320; b, stoma, ~2500; c, 

interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, ~1250; 4 prickles, costal silica bodies (sb). cork cells (cc), x640; e, 

microhair (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; f costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

microhair. x1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 42.-Adaxial epidermis Homzeugos eylesii, Webster T237: u, overview, prickles, ~320; b, stoma, x2500; 

c, interstomatal cell, long cells, ~1250; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), long cells, ~640; e, microhair, 

x1250;j base of macrohair, ~640. 

75 
76 SMITHSOMAN CONTIUBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 43.-Abaxial epidermis Hyparrhenia bracfeata, Webster A247: a, overview, prickles (arrow), x240; b, 

stoma, interstomatal cells (arrow), ~1250; c, long cells, hooks (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, microhairs, x1250;f; base of macrohair, ~320. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 44.-Adaxial epidermis Hyparrhenia bmcteafa, Webster A247: a, overview, long cells, ~160; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cell (arrow), x640; c, intercostal silica bodies (sb), interstornatal cells (arrow), ~640 d costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, ~640. 

77 
78 S>MITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 45-Abaxial epidermis Hyperfhelia dirsolufa, Davidse 9212: a, overview, long cells, ~352; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cells, intercostal hooks @), ~704; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb). cork cells 

(cc). ~704; d silica bodies (sb) and cork cells (cc) on midvein, x352; e, rnicrohair, x1375;j macrohairs, x528. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 46.-Adaxial epidermis Hyperfhelia dissoluta, Davidse 9212: a, overview, long cells, ~352; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cell, hook (h), 628; c, papillate interstomatal cells (arrow), intercostal short macrohair-type 

prickles, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~352; intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x704; e, 

microhair, x1375;f; costal macrohairs, x352. 

79 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 47.-Abaxial epidermis Imperafa cylindrica, Richards 26175: a, overview, ~320; 6, stoma, intercostal 

cork cell (arrow), ~1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, prickle, x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc). ~640; e, intercostal cork cell (cc). silica body (sb), x2500;f;microhair. ~1250. 
NUMBER 61 

PLATE 48.-Adaxial epidermis Imperata cylindrica, Richards 26175: a, overview, x320; b, stoma, ~1250; c,

interstomatal cell, long cells, x640; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), long cells, microhair, prickles, 

~640; e, costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). ~1250; f; marginal mne with nonpapillate long cells and 

interstomatal cell, microhair, prickles, x640. 

81 
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 49.-Abaxial epidermis Ischaemwn afim, Faden 741746: a, overview, x320; b, stoma, x1250; c, 

interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; 4 prickles, hooks (arrow), 

intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; f microhair, 

~1250. 
PLATE 50.-Adaxial epidermis Ischaemum afrwn, Faden 74/J46: a, overview, prickles, hooks (arrow), ~320; 

b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), x640; 4 long cells, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc), 

~1250; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~1250;f;microhair, ~1250. 

83 
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 51.-Abaxial epidermis Loxoderu cuespitom, Webster A169: a, overview, long cells, x320; b, stoma, 

X1250; C, interstomatal cells, ~640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250; e, intercostal silica body 

(arrow), x1250;J microhair. long cells, x1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 52.-Adaxial epidermis Loxodera caespitosa, Webster A169: a, overview, x160; b, stoma, x1250; c, 

long cells, prickles (arrow), ~320; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, intercostal silica body 

(sb), cork cell (cc), x1250;f; microhair, x1250. 

85 
86 SMITHSONAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 53.-Abaxial epidermis Microstegilun nudwn, Thomas 2263: 4, overview, long cells, ~320; b, stoma, 

~1250; c,interstomatal cell (arrow), ~1250; 4 interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;j microhair, KZ500. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 54.-Adaxial epidermis Microstegiwn nudum, Thomas 2263: a, overview, long cells, interstomatal cell 

(arrow), ~640: b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), ~1250; long cells, costal silica body (arrow), 

~1250; e, costal silica bodies (sb). x1250;f; microhair, ~1250. 

87 
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 55.-Abaxial epidermis Mircanfhus viohcem, Vesey-Fitzgerald 195: u, overview, prickle (arrow), ~240; 

b, stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells, ~640; c, interstomatal cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), long cells, 

~480; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; f 

microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 56.-Adaxial epidermis Mkcanthur violacew, Vesey-Fitzgerald 19.5: a, ovewiew, interstornatal cells, 

~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; 

e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), x640;f; microhair, x12.50. 

89 
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 57.-Abaxial epidermis Monocymbim deightonii, Adam 6837-7: a. overview, x240; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cells, x480; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; 

e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x64O;j microhair, x1875. 
SUMBER 67 

PLATE 58.-Adaxial epidermis Monocymbium deightonii, Adam 6837-7: a, overview, ~320; b, stoma, x960; c, 

long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; d, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), ~640; e, 

prickles (arrow), ~480; f microhair, x1875. 

91 
92 SMITHSOhqAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAhT 

PLATE 59.-Abaxial epidermis Oxyrhuchis graciUim, Wingfield 587 (a), 

E.A. Robinson 3919 (hc): a, papillate long cells, x240; 6, stomata, 

interstomatal cells (arrow), abaxial microhair, ~640; c, abaxial microhair, 

prickle (arrow), x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 60.-Adaxial epidermis Oxyrhchis gracillimu, Robinson 3919: u, long 

cells (arrow) (upper portion with rhe papillate long cells is the abaxial surface 

seen because of rolled leaf), x320; b, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; 

c, long cells, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x320. 

93 
94 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAW 

PLATE 61 .-Abaxial epidermis Phucelurw huiiiemk, Phipps and Vesey-Fitzgerald 3055: a, overview, long 

cells, papillate prickles, ~176; b, stomata (arrow), ~320; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), x320; d costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). papillate prickles, x640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), x64O;J microhairs, ~704. 
NUMBER 67 95 

PLATE 62.-Adaxial epidermis Phucelurus huillenrlr, Phipps and Vesey-Fitzgerald 3055: u, overview, long 

cells, x160; b, stoma, x640; c, long cells, papillate prickle (arrow), costal silica body (sb), ~320; d, intercostal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), x480; e, microhair, x640; 5 base of macrohair, ~480. 
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 63.-Abaxial epidermis Rhyfachne lafifcdia, Volleson MRC 2390: a, overview, interstomatal cells 

(arrow), ~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, long cells, microhair, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). ~640; 4 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). x2500;f; microhair, 

x1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 64.-Adaxial epidermis Rhytachne iatifolia, Volleson MRC 2390: a, overview, interstornatal cell, long 

cells, ~320; b, stoma, x640; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), x640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~640; 

e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x1250; f; microhair, x640. 

97 
98 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 65.-Abaxial epidermis Rottboelliu cochinchinensis, Bjornstad 3368: a, overview, interstornatal cells 

(arrow)x320; b, stoma, x1250; c, intercostal silica body (sb), long cells, x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc), ~1250; e, microhair, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x640;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 66.-Adaxial epidermis Rottboellin cochinchinensis, Bjomstad 228: a, overview, base of macrohair, 

x320; b, stoma, ~2500; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, prickle, x640; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc). intercostal cork cell (arrow), hook (h), ~1250; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x1250;J: 

microhair. ~1250. 

99 
100 SMITHSONIm COhTUBUTIONS TO BOTAhT 

PLATE 67.-Abaxial epidermis Saccharm spontanewn subsp. aegyptiacwn, Thomas 3368: a, overview, long 

cells, x320; b, stomata, interstornatal cells (arrow), x640; c, long cells, prickles, x480; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;f; microhair, ~1250. 
XUMBER 61 101 

PLATE 68.-Adaxial epidermis Saccharwn spontanewn subsp. aegyptiacum, Thomas 3368: a, overview, long 

cells, x240; b, stomata, interstomatal cells (arrow), ~640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, prickles, ~320; d, 

intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; microhair, 

x1250. 
102 SMITHSONAS CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 69.-Abaxial epidermis Schizachyrium rupestre, Adam 24,260: a, overview, long cells, ~264; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cells (arrow), x704; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, x352; ri, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc). ~704; e, prickles, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x527;f; microhair, x1375. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 70.-Adaxial epidermis Schizachyriwn rupestre, Adam 24,260: a, overview, long cells, ~160; b, long 

cells, ~320; c, intercostal hooks, ~480; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, costal prickles (arrow), 

intercostal hooks, x320;f; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x320. 

103 
104 SMITHSOMAN COSTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 71 .-Abaxial epidermis Sehim nervosm, Hudson 271: a, overview, interstornatal cells, prickles, x160; 

b, stoma, ~2500; c, interstornatal cell, ~1250; 4 long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~1250; e, 

microhairs, intercostal hooks (arrow), x64O;f; costal silica bodies (sb). cork cells (cc). costal prickles, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 72.-Adaxial epidermis &him nervosum, Hudson 271: n, overview, x160; b, stoma, ~2500; c, stomata, 

interstomatal cell, intercostal cork cell (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250; costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~640; e, microhairs, x125O;i costal prickles, intercostal hooks, ~640. 

105 
106 SMITHSONAN CONTRlBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PIATE 73.-Abaxial epidermis Sorghastrwn bipennatwn, Greenway and Kanuri 15,464: a, overview, long cells, 

x320; b, stomata, x640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, x640; d, costal silica bodies (sb). cork cells (cc). ~640; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), x1250;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 74.-Adaxial epidermis Sorghastrwn bipennatum, Greenway and Kanuri 15.464: a, overview, prickles 

(arrow), x320; b, stoma, x1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, ~640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; macrohair, ~160. 

107 
108 SiWTHSOh7AN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 75.-Abaxial epidermis Sorghum armdinaceurn, Myre 26: a, overview, long cells, x240; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cells, ~320; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, x320; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; 

e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). x640;j microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 109 

PLATE 76.-Adaxial epidermis Sorghum arundinaceum, Myre 26: u, overview, long cells, ~320; b, stoma, 

interstomatal cells, long cells, ~480; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, prickles, ~640; d costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; microhair, ~960. 
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAhT 

PLATE 77.-Abaxial epidermis Thelepogon elegans, Richard 19,914: a, overview, interstomatal cell (arrow), 

~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). intercostal silica body (arrow), x640; d 

intercostal silica body, x1250; e, microhair, x1250;f; macrohairs on midvein, x80. 
&"UMBER 67 

PLATE 78.-Adaxial epidermis Theiepogon elegans, Richard 19,914: u, overview, x160; b, stoma, x1250; c, 

interstornatal cell, long cells, intercostal silica body (arrow), x320; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

~640; e, intercostal silica body, x1250;f; microhair, x1250. 

111 
SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 79.-Abaxial epidermis Thernedu triandru, Shantz 255: a, overview, prickles, intercostal cork cell 

(arrow), x320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, interstornatal cell, x1250; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc). ~12.50; 

e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 80.-Adaxial epidermis Themedo triandra, Shantz 255: a, overview, x160; b, long cells, ~320; c, long 

cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~1250: e, costal 

prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;Jrnicrohair. x1250. 

113 
114 SMITHSONTAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 81.-Abaxial epidermis Truchypogon spicutu, Bouxin et Radoux 1150: a, overview, long cells, 

interstomatal cells, x320; b, stomata, x960; c, long cells, interstomatal cells (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc). ~640; d, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, microhair (arrow), x1250;f; base 

of macrohair, x480. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 82.-Adaxial epidermis Trachypogon spicatus, Bouxin et Radoux 1150: a, overview, long cells, 320; 6, 

stoma, microhair, ~1250; c,interstomatal cells, long cells, x640; d, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). 

~960; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;f; base of macrohair, x640. 

115 
116 SMITHSOWAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 83.-Abaxial epidermis Urelylrum digitarum, Thomas 1293: a, overview, long cells, ~320; b, stoma, 

intercostal silica bodies (arrow), x640; c, interstornatal cells, x480: 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x640; e, microhair, x1250;j base of macrohair, x480. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 84.-Adaxial epidermis Urelytrwn digitaturn, Thomas 1293: a, overview. long cells, ~160; b, stoma, 

interstomatal cell, x640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), ~320; d, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; macrohair, x320. 

117 
118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAKY 

PLATE 85.-Abaxial epidermis Vetiveriu nigritana, Nicholson 35: a, overview, x320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, 

interstomatal cell (arrow), x640; d, costal silica bodies (arrow), x640; e, intercostal silica body (arrow), ~1250; 

t; microhair, x1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 86.-Adaxial epidermis Vefiveriu nigritana, Nicholson 35: a, overview, prickles, x320; b, stoma, ~1250; 

c, interstomal cell (arrow), ~640; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~640; e, microhair, ~1250; j base 

of macrohair, x320. 

119 
120 SLWTHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 87.-Abaxial epidermis Vossia cusppidata, Hams 1825: u, overview, prickles, x160; b, stoma, long cells, 

x1250; c, interstornatal cell, x1250; d, intercostal silica bodies (sb), x1250; e, microhair, x1250;f; costal prickle, 

long cells, x640. 
NUiMBER 67 

PLATE 88.-Adaxial epidermis Vossia cl~spidat~, Hams 1825: Q, overview, costal prickles, macrohair (arrow), 

~320; b, stomata, interstomatal cells. intercostal silica bodies (arrow), x1250; c, short macrohair-type prickles, 

~640; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), long cells, ~1250; e, microhair (arrow), prickle, x960; f base of macrohair. 

x640. 

121 
122 SMITHSOhTAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE S9.-Abaxial epidermis Cob lacrymu-jubi, Hams and Mwasumbi 955: a, overview, long cells, x240; 

b, stomata, interstomatal cells (arrow), ~640; c, long cells, interstomatal cells, x320; 4 intercostal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;f; microhair, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 90.-Abaxial epidermis Cok lacrymu-;obi, Hams and Mwasumbi 955: a, overview, long cells, x160; 

b, stomata, interstomatal cells, x320; c, long cells, interstomatal cells, x480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc). ~640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x480;f; microhair, ~12.50. 

123 
124 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 91.-Abaxial epidermis Tripsacum andersonii Calderon 1332: (I, overview, long cells, x240; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cells (arrow), ~480; c, long cells, ~352; d costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, 

intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640;f; microhair, ~640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 92.-Adaxial epidermis Tripsacum andersonii Caldeoh 1332: a, overview, long cells, x160; b, stomata, 

intercostal silica body (arrow), ~640; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, ~480; d costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc). x640; e, prickles (arrow), microhair, x640; j base of macrohair, x320. 

125 
126 S.WTHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 93.-Abaxial epidermis Zea mays, Asha 421: n, overview, long cells, x240; 6, stomata, interstomatal 

cell, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; c, long cells, interstomatal cells, x320; d costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x64O;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 94.-Adaxial epidermis Zea mys, Asima 421 : a, overview, short macrohair-type prickle (arrow), prickles, 

x160; 6, interstornatal cells, long cells, x320; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~320; d interstomatal 

cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), x320; e, microhair. x1250;f; base of macrohair, x320. 

127 
128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 95.-Abaxial epidermis Burnbusu vulgaris, Palmer 895: u, overview, long cells. x320; b, stoma, x2500; 

c, interstornatal cell (arrow), intercostal silica bodies (sb), ~1250; d intercostal silica body, x2500; e, intercostal 

prickles, x640;f; microhair, x1250. 
SUMBER 67 

PLATE 96.-Adaxial epidermis Barnbum vulgaris, Palmer 895: a, overview, long cells, ~320; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cell (arrow), x1250; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; d intercostal silica body 

(arrow), ~1250; e, intercostal prickles, x640; f microhair (arrow), x640. 

129 
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PIATE 97.-Abaxial epidermis Guoduellu oblongu, Baldwin 6704: a, overview, long cells, x160; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; c, stomata, interstomatal cells, ~640; u!, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; e, intercostal prickles, x320;f; microhair, x480. 
NUMBER 61 

PLATE 98.-Adaxial epidermis Guaduella oblonga, Baldwin 6704: a, overview, long cells, x240; b, stoma, 

intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), x640; c, long cells, interstomatal cells (arrow), x320; 4 costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~640; e, microhair (arrow), x960; 1: prickles, x240. 

131 
132 SMITHSOMAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 99.-Abaxial epidermis Hypseochloa cameroonenris, Maitland 874: a, overview, long cells, ~‘240; b, 

stoma (arrow), ~640; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), prickles, ~480; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). 

x640; e, microhair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;j base of macrohair, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 100.-Adaxial epidermis Hypseochloa cameroonensis, Maitland 874: a, overview, long cells, ~240; b, 

long cells, prickles, x640; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; d intercostal silica bodies (arrow), 

x1250; e, microhair, x1875;J base of macrohair, x480. 

133 
134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 101.-Abaxial epidermis Aelwopw lugopoides, Arvidsson 61: a, overview, long cells, x320; 6, stoma, 

~2500; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, ~1250; d intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;f; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 135 

PLATE 102.-Adaxial epidermis Aeluropus lugopoides, AIvidsson 61 : a, overview, long cells, prickles, x320; 

b, stomata, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). ~1250; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, ~640; d, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250; f; microhair 

(arrow), x1250. 

?? 
136 SMTHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 103.-Abaxial epidermis Danrhoniopsis chevalieri, Glanville, 313: u, overview, interstomatal cells, x320; 

b, stomata, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), ~640; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, ~640; d 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e, marginal prickles, x320;j microhair. ~1250. 
KUMBBR 67 

PLATE 104.-Adaxial epidermis Danthoniopsis chevalieri, Glanville, 313: a, overview. prickles, x240; 6, 

stomata, intercostal silica bodies (sb). ~640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, midintercostal ridge, ~480; 4 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640; e. microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, x480. 

137 
138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 105.-Abaxial epidermis Loudetiopsis fhoroldii, Ankah s. n. 30/IX/57: a, overview, short macrohairs, 

x160; b, stoma, x1375; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, ~640; d costal prickles (arrow), costal mnes 

and intercostal grooves, x320; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;f; microhair (arrow), ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 106.-Adaxial epidermis Loudetiopsis thoroldii, Ankah s. n. 30/IX/57: (I, overview. long cells, x240; b, 

stoma, ~1250; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), long cells, x640; costal and intercostal prickles, intercostal hook 

(h), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~704; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), ~704; f; microhair (arrow), 

~1375. 

139 
140 SMITHSONIAN COhTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 107.-Abaxial epidermis Ichnanfhus vicinus, Adams 807: a, overview, long cells, x240; b, stoma, x1250; 

c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, x640; d intercostal silica body (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc). ~640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x640;J microhair (arrow), x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 108.-Adaxial epidermis Ichnanthus vicinus, Adams 807: a, overview, interstomatal cells, long cells, 

~320; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, ~640; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x640; 4 intercostal silica 

bodies (arrow), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, ~320. 

141 
142 SMITHSONAN CO?JTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 109.-Abaxial epidermis Microcalamus barbinodis, Brenan 9442: a, overview, long cells, x264; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, x704; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). x704; d intercostal silica bodies 

(sb), x526; e, microhair, x1375;f; macrohair, x352. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 110.-Adaxial epidermis Microcahmus barbinodk, Brenan 9442: a, overview, long cells, ~384; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell (arrow), x768; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, x384; d costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc). ~384; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x704; f intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell 

(cc), x768. 

143 
144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 111.-Abaxial epidermis Paratheria prostrata, Jordan 282: a, overview, long cells, x320; b, stoma, 

x1250; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), intercostal cork cells (cc). silica bodies (sb). long cells, x640; d costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~320; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;f; microhair, ~1250. 
NUMBER 67 

PIATE 112.-Adaxial epidermis Parutheria prosrrutu, Jordan 282: u, overview, long cells, x320; b, stomata, 

interstornatal cells, x640; c, long cells, interstornatal cells, x480; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

prickles, x640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), x1250;f; microhair (arrow), x1250. 

145 
146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 113.-Abaxial epidermis Anudelphia frkpicuhfa, Thorold 300: a, overview, long cells, x320; b, stoma, 

~1250; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), long cells, ~640; 4 interstornatal cells. long cells, x640; e, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x1250;f; rnicrohair, x1250. 
NUMBER 67 147 

PLATE 1 Irl.-Adaxial epidermis Anudelphia Irkpiculafa, Thorold 300: a, overview, long cells, x320; b, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), ~12.50; c, midvein: long cells, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x320; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), x640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell 

(cc), x25OO;f; microhair, x12.50. 
148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 115.-Abaxial epidermis Losiwus hirsurcs, Rossetti 194: a, overview, long cells, macrohairs, x160; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell, x640; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). ~480; 

4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), base of macrohair, ~640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x64O;f; microhair, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 116.-Adaxial epidermis Losiurus hirsutur, Rossetti 194: a, overview, macrohairs, x240; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cell, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), ~640; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, prickle, short 

macrohair-type prickles (arrow), 320; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), prickle, ~640; e, microhair, 

x640; f; base of macrohair, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), x640. 

149 
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 117.-Abaxial epidermis Parahyparrhenia annua, Behrhaut 3199: a, overview, long cells, x240; b, 

stoma, interstomatal cell, x1250; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), prickles, long cells, x640; d costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica bodies (arrow), x640; e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, ~320. 
NUMBER 61 

PLATE 1 18.-Adaxial epidermis Parahyparrhenia annw, Behrhaut 3 199: (I, overview, interstomatal cells, 

prickles, ~320; b, stoma, ~1250; c, long cells, prickles, x320; costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). 

intercostal silica bodies and cork cells (arrow), ~640; e, microhair, x1250;f; base of macrohair, x320. 

151 
152 SMITHSOMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 119.-Abaxial epidermis Robynsiochloa purpurascens, Fay 6154: a, overview, long cells, x160; b, 

stomata, interstornatal cells, ~640; c,interstornatal cells, long cells, x320; intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc). x640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x320;f; microhairs, x640. 
NUMBER 67 

PLATE 120.-Adaxial epidermis Robynsiochlw pwpurascens, Fay 6154: a, overview, long cells, ~160; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x480; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, 

~320; 4 costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica bodies (arrow), x640; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), ~480; j microhair (arrow), x640. 

153 

Index to Grass Species for Volumes I-V 

(Roman numerals refer to part number of A Scanning Elecfron Microscope Survey of the 

Epidermis of East African Grasses . . . , see Literature Cited; italics denote page numbers 

for plates.) 

Acrachne racemosa, (Eragrostideae), 111:5,46,47 

Acritochaete vokensii, (Paniceae), IV:8,52, 53 

Acroceras zizanioides, (Paniceae), IV:8,54, 55 

Aeluropodeae, V:24 

Aeluropus lagopoides, (Aeluropodeae), V:24,134, 135 

Agrostideae, 1I:lq V:24 

Agrostis schimperiana, (Agrostideae), 11:14,62, 63 

Aira caryophyllea, (Aveneae), II:lO, 48,49 

Alloteropsis angusta, (Paniceae), IV:9,56, 57 

Anadelphia trispiculata, (Andropogoneae), V:27,146, 147 

Andropogon abyssinicus, V:2,34,35 

Andropogoneae, V:2.27 

Androptemm stolzii, (Andropogoneae), I: 14 (fig.); V:2, 36, 37 

Anthephora elongata, (Paniceae), IV:lO, 58,59 

Anthoxanthum nivale, (Aveneae), II:ll, 50,51 

Apochiton burtii, (Eragrostideae), 111:5,48,49 

Aristida scabrivalvis, (Aristideae). 111:2, 38, 39 

Aristideae. III:2 

Arthraxon lancifolius, (Andropogoneae), V:3,38,39 

Arundinaria alpha. (Bambuseae), 1:6 (fig.), 15, 36, 37 

Arundineae, I:24 

Arundinella nepalensis. (Arundinelleae), IV:2,34, 35 

Arundinelleae. IV:2; V:25 

Asthenatherum forskalii, (Danthonieae), I: 13 (fig.) 

Asthenatherum glaucum, (Danthonieae), 1:24,64, 65 

Avena abyssinica. (Aveneae). 1:7 (fig.), 11 (fig.); 1I:ll. 52, 53 

Aveneae, 1I:lO 

Axonopus flexuosus, (Paniceae), IV:lO, 60, 61 

Bambusa vulgaris, (Bambuseae). V:23,128, 129 

Bambuseae, I: 15; V:23 

Bewsia biflora, (Eragrostideae), 111:6,50,51 

Brachiaria brizantha, (Paniceae), I:13 (fig.); IV:ll, 62, 63 

Brachyachne fulva, (Chlorideae), 111: 19.92, 93 

Brachypodieae, II:7 

Brachypodium flexum, (Brachypodieae), 11:7,38, 39 

Briza maxima, (Poeae), 11:2,20,21 

Bromeae, II:6 

Bromuniola gossweileri, (Centosteceae), I:29, 78, 79 

Bromus leptoclados, (Bromeae), 11:6, 36, 37 

Calamagrostis epigeios, (Agrostideae), 11: 14,64, 65 

Capillipedium pawiflorum, (Andropogoneae), V:3,40,41 

Cenchrus ciliaris, (Paniceae), IV:ll, 64, 65 

Centosteceae, I:29 

Centotheceae (see Centosteceae) 

Chaetopoa taylori, (Paniceae), IV:12, 66, 67 

Chloachne oplismenoides, (Paniceae), IV:13,68, 69 

Chlorideae, III:19 

Chloris virgata, (Chlorideae), III:20,94, 95 

Chlorocalymma cryptacanthum,(Paniceae), IV:13, 70, 71 

Chlorocalymma crytocantha, (Paniceae), 1:6 (fig.) 

Chrysochloa hindsii, (Chlorideae), I: 10 (fig.) 

Chrysochloa orientalis, (Chlorideae), III:20, 96, 97 

Chrysopogon plumulosus, (Andropogoneae), V:4,42,43 

Cleistachne sorghoides, (Andropogoneae), I:14 (fig.); V:4,44, 45 

Coelaehne africana, (Isachneae), 1:7 (fig.); IV:6,46,47 

Coelachyrum longiglume, (Eragrostideae), 111:7,52, 53 

Coelorhachis afraurita, (Andropogoneae), V:5,46,47 

Coix lacryma-jobi, (Maydeae), V:21,122, 123 

Colpodium chionogeiton, (Poeae), 1:ll (fig.); II:3.22, 23 

Commelinidium mayumbense, (Paniceae), 1:7 (fig.) 

Crinipes abyssinicus, (Danthonieae), 1:7 (fig.), 25, 66, 67 

Crypsis schoenoides, (Sporoboleae), III:27, 118, 119 

Crytococcum multinode. (Paniceae), IV:14, 72, 73 

Ctenium somalense, (Chlorideae), III:21,98, 99 

Cymbopogon nardus, (Andropogoneae), V:5,48,49 

Cynodon dactylon, (Chlorideae), I:12 (fig.) 

Cynodon plectostachyus, (Chlorideae), III:22,100, 101 

Cypholepis yemenica, (Eragrostideae), III:7,54, 55 

Dactylis glomerata, (Poeae). 1:7 (fig.); II:3.24, 25 

Dactyloctenium giganteum, (Eragrostideae) I:12 (fig.); 1113, 56, 57 

Daknopholis boivinii, (Chlorideae), 1:9 (fig.); III:22, 102, 103 

Danthonieae. I:24 

Danthoniopsis chevalieri, (Arundinelleae), V:25.136, 137 

Danthoniopsis viridis, (Arundinelleae), I: 14 (fig.), 15 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. oliveri, (Aveneae), 11: 12,54,55 

Dichanthium annulatum, (Andropogoneae), V:6,50,51 

Dichanthium aristatum, (Andropogoneae), I: 13 (fig.) 

Digitaria diagonalis var. uniglumis, (Paniceae). IV: 15, 74, 75 

Dignathia gracilis, (Zoysieae), III:29. 124, 125 

Diheteropogon amplectens var. catangensis, (Andropogoneae), V:6,52, 53 

Dinebra retroflexa, (Eragrostideae), 111:9, 58, 59 

Diplachne fusca, (Eragrostideae), 111:9,60,61 

Drake-Brockmania haareri. (Eragrostideae), III:lO, 62, 63 

Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris, (Paniceae), IV: 15. 76, 77 

Echinochloa colona, (Paniceae), 1:9 (fig.) 

Echinochloa haploclada, (Paniceae), IV: 16, 78, 79 

Echinochloa pyramidalis, (Paniceae), 1:6 (fig.) 

Ehrharta erecta var. abyssinica, (Ehrharteae), 1:23,60, 61 

Ehrharteae, I:23 

Elionurns tripsacoides, (Andropogoneae), V:7,54, 55 

Eleusine coracana, (Eragrostideae), 1:6 (fig.) 

Eleusine floccifolia, (Eragrostideae), III:lO, 64, 65 

Elymandra grallata, (Andropogoneae). V:7,56, 57 

Elytrophorus globularis, (Danthonieae), 1:ll (fig.), 12 (fig.), 26, 68, 69 

Elytrophorus spicatus, (Danthonieae), I:26 

Enneapogon cenchroides, (Pappophoreae), 111:3,42,43 

Enteropogon macrostachyus, (Chlorideae), III:23,104, 105 

Entolasia imbricata. (Paniceae), IV:17, 80, 81 

Eragrostideae, 1115 

Eragrostiella bifaria, (Eragrostideae), 1II:l 1, 66, 67 

155 
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Eragrostis macilenta, (Eragrostideae), 111:12, 68, 69 

Eriochloa meyerana, (Paniceae), IV:17, 82, 83 

Eriochrysis pallida, (Andropogoneae), V:7.58,59 

Euclasta condylotricha. (Andropogoneae). V:8,60, 61 

Eulalia villosa, (Andropogoneae), V:8,62,63 

Eustachys paspaloides, (Chlorideae), III:24,106, 107 

Exotheca abyssinica, (Andropogoneae), V:9,64, 65 

Farrago racemosa, (Zoysieae), III:30,126, I27 

Festuca abyssinica, (Poeae). 11:4,26, 27 

Gastridium phleoides, (Agrostideae), 11: 15, 66, 67 

Gilgiochloa indurata, (Arundinelleae), IV:3,36,37 

Guaduella oblonga, (Bambuseae), V:23,130,131 

Habrochloa bullockii, (Danthonieae), I:26, 70, 71 

Hackelochloa granularis, (Andropogoneae), V:9, 66, 67 

Halopym rnucronatum, (Eragrostideae), 111:12, 70, 71 

Harpachne schimperi, (Eragrostideae), I:12 (fig.); 111:13, 72, 73 

Helictotrichon elongaturn, (Aveneae), 1:6 (fig.); 11:12, 56, 57 

Hernarthria natans, (Andropogoneae), V:10,68, 69 

Heteranthoecia guineensis, (Isachneae), I: 10 (fig.); IV:6,48,49 

Heteropholis sulcata, (Andropogoneae), V:10, 70, 71 

Heteropogon melanocarpus, (Andropogoneae), V:lO, 72, 73 

Holcolemma inaequale, (Paniceae), IV:18, 84, 85 

Hornozeugos eylesii. (Andropogoneae), V:l1,74, 75 

Hordeum marinurn, (Triticeae). 11, 8,40,41 

Hurnbertochloa greenwayi, (Phyllorhachideae) I:12 (fig.), 22,56,57 

Hylebates chlorochloe, (Paniceae), IV:19,86, 87 

Hyparrhenia bracteata, (Andropogoneae), V:l1, 76, 77 

Hyperthelia dissoluta, (Andropogoneae), V:12, 78, 79 

Hypseochloa carneroonensis, (Agrostideae), V:24,132, I33 

Ichnanthus vicinus, (Paniceae), V:26, 140,141 

hperata cylindrica, (Andropogoneae), V: 12, 80, 81 

Isachne buettneri, (Isachneae), I:14 (fig.); IV:7, 50, 51 

Isachneae, IV:7 

Ischaemum afrum, (Andropogoneae). V:13,82,83 

Koeleria capensis, (Aveneae), 11:13, 58, 59 

Lasiurus hirsutus. (Andropogoneae), V:28,148, 149 

Leersia hexandra, (Oryzeae). I:20.50, 51 

Leptaspis cochleata, (Phareae), I:l8.46,47 

Leptocarydion wlpiastrurn, (Eragrostideae), 111:13, 74, 75 

Leptochloa obtusiflora, (Eragrostideae), 111: 14, 76, 77 

Leptothrium senegalensis. (Zoysieae), 111:31, 128, 129 

Leptureae, III:29 

Lepturus repens, (Leptureae), 1:9 (fig.): III:29. 122, 123 

Lintonia nutans, (Eragrostideae), III:15, 78, 79 

Loliurn temulentum, (Poeae), 11:4,28,29 

Loudetia arundinacea, (Arundinelleae), IV:3,38, 39 

budetiopsis thoroldii, (Arundinelleae), V:25,138, I39 

Loxodcra cacspitosa, (Andropogoneae), V: 13, 84, 85 

Maltebrunia leersioides, (Oryzeae). 1:6 (fig.), 20. 52, 53 

Maydeae, V:21 

Megastachya rnucronata, (Centosteceae). I:13 (fig.), 30, 80, 81 

Meliceae, II:9 

Melinis ambigua, (Paniceae), IV:19, 88, 89 

Microcalamus barbinodis. (Paniceae), V:26,142, I43 

Microchloa kunthii, (Chlorideae), III:24, 108,109 

Microstegium nudum, (Andropogoneae), V:14,86,87 

Miscanthus violaceus, (Andropogoneae). V:14,88, 89 

Monocymbiurn deightonii, (Andropogoneae), V: 15, 90, 91 

Neyraudia arundinacea, (Danthonieae), I:27, 72, 73 

Odontelytm abyssinicum, (Paniceae). IV:20. 90, 91 

Odyssea paucinervis, (Eragrostideae), III:15,80, 81 

Olyra latifolia, (Olyreae). 1:s (fig.), 10 (fig.), 18.44,45 

Olyreae, I:18 

Oplismenus burmannii, (Paniceae), IV:21, 92, 93 

Oreobambos buchwaldii, (Bambuseae), I: 16,38, 39 

Oropetiurn capense, (Chlorideae), III:25.110, 111 

Oropetiurn thornaeum. (Chlorideae), I:14 (fig.) 

Orthoclada africana, (Centosteceae), 1:8 (fig.), 9 (fig.), 12 (fig.), 14 (fig.), 15, 

Oryza barthii, (Oryzeae), 1:9 (fig.), 10 (fig.) 

Oryza punctata, (Oryzeae), 1:21,54,55 

Oryzeae, I:20 

Oxyrhachis gracillima, (Andropogoneae), V:15, 92, 93 

Oxytenanthera abyssinica, (Barnbuseae), 1:16,40,41 

30,82, 83 

Paniceae, IV:8; V:26 

Panicurn trichoides, (Paniceae), IV:21,94, 95 

Pappophoreae, III:3 

Parahyparrhenia annua, (Andropogoneae), V:28,150, I51 

Paratheria prostrata, (Paniceae), V:27,144, 145 

Paspalidium gerninaturn, (Paniceae), IV:22,96, 97 

Paspalum conjugaturn. (Paniceae), IV:23,98, 99 

Penniseturn purpureurn, (Paniceae), IV:23,100, 101 

Pentaschistis borussica. (Danthonieae), I:28.74, 75 

Pentaschistis minor, (Danthonieae), I:28 

Perotis patens, (Zoysieae), 111:31, 130, 131 

Phacelurus huillensis, (Andropogoneae), 1:8 (fig.), 10 (fig.); V:15, 94, 95 

Phalarideae. 11:13 

Phalaris arundinacea, (Phalarideae), 11:13,#, 61 

Phareae, I:18 

Phragmites rnauritianus, (Arundineae), I:24, 62, 63 

Phyllorhachideae I:22 

Phyllorhachis sagittata, (Phyllorhachideae), 1:22,58, 59 

Poa schimperana, (Poeae), 11:5,30, 31 

Poeae, II:2 

Pogonarthria squarrosa. (Eragrostideae), 111:16,82,83 

Pogoneura biflora, (Eragrostideae), 111:17,84,85 

Polypogon rnonspeliensis, (Agrostideae), 11: 16,68, 69 

Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Paniceae), IV:24.102,103 

Pseudobrornus sylvaticus. (Poeae). 11:5,32,33 

Psilolernrna jaegeri, (Eragrostideae), 111:17,86, 87 

Puelia olyriformis, (Bambuseae), 1:17,42,43 

Rendlia altera, (Chlorideae), III:25, 112, 113 

Rhynchelytrum kallimorphon, (Paniceae), IV:25,104,105 

Rhytachne latifolia, (Andropogoneae). V: 16. 96, 97 

Robynsiochloa purpurascens, (Andropogoneae), V:29,152, 153 

Rottboellia cochinchinensis, (Andropogoneae), V: 16, 98, 99 

Saccharum spontaneurn subsp. aegyptiacurn, (Andropogoneae), V: 17,100,101 

Sacciolepis africana, (Paniceae), 1:7 (fig.); IV:25, 106, I07 

Schizachyrium rupestre, (Andropogoneae), V:17,102, 103 

Schmidtia bulbosa, (Pappophoreae), I: 11 (fig.) 

Schmidtia pappophoroides, (Pappophoreae), 111:4,44,45 

Schoenefeldia transiens, (Chlorideae), III:26, 114, 115 

Secale africanurn. (Triticeae), 11:s. 42,43 

Sehima nervosum. (Andropogoneae), I:13 (fig.); V:17,104, 105 

Setaria plicatilis, (Paniceae), IV:26, 108,109 

Snowdenia petitiana, (Paniceae), IV:27, 110, 111 
NUMBER 67 157 

Sorghastrum bipennatum, (Andropogoneae), V:18,106,107 

Sorghum arundinaceum, (Andropogoneae), I:8 (fig.); V: 18, 108,109 

Sporoboleae, III:27 

Sporobolus africanus. (Sporoboleae), III:28,120, 121 

Stenotaphrum dimidiatum, (Paniceae), IV:28,112, 113 

Stereochlaena caespitosa, (Paniceae), IV:28,114, I15 

Stipa dregeana, (Stipeae), 1:lO (fig.); 11:16, 70, 71 

Stipagrostis uniplumis. (Aristideae), 111:3,40, 41 

Stipeae, II:16 

Streblochaete longiarista. (Meliceae), II:9.46, 47 

Streptogyna crinita, (Streptogyneae), 1:19,48,49 

Streptogyneae, I:19 

Tetrachaete elionuroides, (Zoysieae). III:32,132, 133 

Tetrapogon tenellus, (Chlorideae), III:27,116, 117 

Thelepogon elegans, (Andropogoneae), V:19,110,111 

Themeda triandra, (Andropogoneae), V:19,112,113 

Trachypogon spicatus, (Andropogoneae), V:20,114, 1 I5 

Tragus berteronianus, (Zoysieae), III:33, 134, 135 

Tricholaena teneriffae, (Paniceae). IV:29. 116, 117 

Trichoneura ciliata, (Eragrostideae), III:18,88, 89 

Q US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988-181-717/60025 

Trichoneura mollis, (Eragrostideae), 1:ll (fig.) 

Trichopteryx stolziana, (Arundinelleae), IV:4.40,41 

Tripogon major, (Eragrostideae), III:18, 90, 91 

Tripsacum andersonii, (Maydeae), V:22,124, 125 

Triraphis fleckii, (Danthonieae), 1:8 (fig.) 

Triraphis schinzii, (Danthonieae), I:28, 76, 77 

Tristachya bequaertii. (Arundinelleae), IV:4,42,43 

Triticeae, II:8 

Triticum aestivum, (Triticeae), 1:ll (fig.); 11:9,44,45 

Urelytnun digitatum, (Andropogoneae), V:20,116, 117 

Urochloa mosambicensis, (Paniceae), IV:30. 118, 119 

Vetiveria nigritana, (Andropogoneae), V:21, 118, 119 

Vossia cuspidata, (Andropogoneae). 1:9 (fig.); V:21, 120, 121 

Vulpia bromoides, (Poeae), 11:6,34, 35 

Zea mays, (Maydeae), V:22,126,127 

Zonotriche inamoena, (Arundinelleae), IV:5,44,45 

Zoysieae, III:29