p. 1



# OAR Box 1811 Prepped by Keeia Richards



## Document

Number: 

# 77 ) IV-l- 1

Docket Number: 

# A-84-2 2

Printed 10/30/2008 1:19:25 PM Sheet 77 of 82P. 2

<*- 1424 6 Federa l Registe r / Vol

- 55

. No

. 7 4 /

Tuesday

. Apri l 17 , 199 0 / Rule s an d Regulation s IV-l- 1

ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y 40CFRPartS 1 IAD-Ff.L-3700 ) Preparation , Adoption , an d Submitta l o f Stat e Implementatio n Plana ; Method s fo r Measuremen t o f PM, 0 Emission s fro m Stationar y Source s AGENCY : Environmental Protectio n Agenc y (EPA)

. ACTION : Fina l rule

. SUMMARY

: Th e EP A ha s promulgate d a revised Nationa l Ambien t Air

. Quality Standar d (NAAQS ) (5 3 F

R 24634) , which , dependin g o n th e contro l strateg y adopte d b y th e State , ma

y require Stat e implementatio n plan s (SIPs ) t o contai n emissio n limit s fo

r particulat e matte r (PM ) wit h a n aerodynami c diamete r o f nominall y 1 0 f_

mo r les s (PMio)

. Becaus e o f th e nee d fo

r asourc e tes t

metho d fo

r PMio , th e Agenc y i s addin g tw o PMi o methods

. Method s 20 1 an d 201A , fo r th e measuremen t

o f in stac k PMi o emission s fro mstationar y sources , t o appendi x M , 40 CF R par t 51

. Appendi x M i s anewl y designate d repository fo

r recommende d tes t method s fo

r SIP's

. Th e Agenc y als o i s revisin g subpart

K , 40 CF R part 51 , t o direc t State s t o appendi x M an d t o reiterat e th e fac t

tha t eac h SIP mus t includ e enforceabl e tes t

method s wit

h eac h emissio n limit

i n th e SIP , includin g PMio

. Th e PMi

o sourc e tes t

metho d shal l b e Metho d 201,201A , o r

a n acceptabl e alternative

. I

f th e Stat e intend s t o requir e th e measuremen t

o f condensibl e emissions , the n an enforceabl e metho d fo r th e measuremen t

o f condensibl e emission s shal l als o b e include d i n th e SIP

. Today' s actio n promulgate s Method s 20 1 an d 20 1 A

. Th e promulgatio n o

f thes e method s wil l giv e State s mor

e option s i

n selectin g th e appropriat e PMi

o sourc e tes t

method s i n orde r to comply wit

h NAAQS

. DATES : Effectiv e Date : Apri l 17,1990

. Judicial Review. Unde r

sectio n 307(b)(1 ) o

f th e Clea n Ai r Act , judicia l revie w o f th e action s take n b y thi s notic e i s availabl e only b y th e Tilin g o f a petitio n fo r revie w in th e U.S

. Cour

t o f Appeal s fo

r th e Distric t

o f Columbi a Circui t on o r befor e Jun e 18,1990

. Under sectio n 307(b)(2) o

f th e Clea n Ai r Act , th e requirement s tha t

ar e th e subjec t

o f today' s notic e ma

y no t b e challenge d late r i n civi l o r criminal proceeding s brough t b y EP A to enforc e thes e requirements

. ADDRESSES : Docket. Docket No

. A-88

- 08 , containin g material s relevan t t o thi s rulemaking , i s availabl e fo r publi c inspectio n an d copyin g betwee n 8:3 0 a.m
. an d 3:3 0 p.m. , Monda y throug h Friday , a t EPA' s Ai r

Docke t (LE-131) , Roo mM-1500,1s t

Floor , Watersid e Mall , 401 M Stree t

SW. , Washington

. D C 20460

. A reasonabl e fe e ma y b e charge d fo r copying

. FO R FURTHE R INFORMATIO

N CONTACT

: Roy Huntle y o r

Roge r Shigehara , Emissio n Measuremen t

Branc h (MD-19) , Technica l Suppor

t Division , telephon e numbe r (919) 541-1060 , o r

Kennet h R

. Woodard , Ai r

Quality Managemen t Divisio n (MD-15) , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a27711 , telephon e numbe r (919) 541-5897

. SUPPLEMENTAR

Y INFORMATION : I

. Th e Rulemakin g Sectio n 11 0 o

f th e Clean Ai r

Act , a s amende d (4

2 U.S.C

. 7410) , specifie s tha t State s ar e t o submi t

plan s fo r EP A approva l tha t

provid e fo

r th e attainmen t an d maintenanc e o

f emissio n standard s throug h contro l program s directe d a t source s o f th e pollutant s involved

. Thos e plan s shal l includ e enforceabl e tes t method s fo

r eac h emissio n limit , includin g in-stac k

PMi o an d condensibl e emissions , i

f applicable

. Th e tes t

metho d fo r in-stac k PMi o shal l b e Metho d 201 , 201A , o r a n acceptabl e alternative

. Althoug h EP

A recognized thi s nee d o n th e par t o f th e State s fo r

tes t method s whe n i t propose d an d promulgate d th e PMi o standar d an d th e associate d implementatio n requirements, EP A di d no t hav e sufficien

t time an d resource s t o develo p aPMi

o sourc e tes t

method

. Accordingly , EP

A electe d t o provid e State s an d loca l contro l agencie s an d th e publi c wit

h guidanc e o n ho w a widel y accepte d sourc e testin g train , EPA' s Metho d 5 train , coul d b e modifie d t o measur e PMio

. Appendi x C o f th e PMi o SI P Developmen t

Guidelin e give s instruction s whic h woul d allo w aperso n knowledgeabl e i n sourc e testin g theor y an d method s to adap t

aMetho d 5 trai n fo r measurin g emission s o

f PMio

. Improve d PMi

o sourc e tes t methodolog y ha s sinc e bee n develope d and , i n orde r

t o mak e thi s methodolog y availabl e to States , th e EPA , i n thi s notice , i s promulgatin g tw o PMi o sourc e tes t method s in th e Federa l Register

. Th e method s wil l b e publishe d a s recommende d tes t

method s in appendi x M , whic h thi s notic e wil l designat e a s a repository fo

r recommended tes t methods

. Recommende d tes t method s ar e method s tha t

ar e no t specificall y required by Federa l regulations, bu t ar e propose d an d promulgate d b y th e EP A fo r us e b y th e State s in thei r

SIP's

. Appendix

- M , entitle d Reco_nr3S_3_(_ R fr O Tes t Method s fo

r Stat e ImplemWatiB n Ji_

_ Plans , wil l contai n method s numbere d 201-299

. Thi s notic e als o revise s subpar t K t o emphasiz e th e requiremen t tha t State s mus t includ e enforceabl e tes t

method s i n thei r SIP s fo r eac h emissio n limit

. Also , subpar t

K i s revised t o direc t State s t o appendi x M

. Hi e firs t method , Metho d 20 1 (als o know n a s th e Exhaus t Ga s Recycl e (EGR

) Procedure) , use s a recycl e loo p t o maintai n aconstan t flow rat e throug h acyclon e whil e maintainin g isokineti c flo

w condition s a t th e nozzle

. Th e secon d method , Metho d 201 A [previousl y know n a s SIM- 5 bu t no w calle d th e Constan t Samplin g Rat e (CSR

) Procedur e in thi s action] , maintain s aconstan t samplin g rat e throug h th e particl e sizin g devic e whil e keepin g th e anisokineti c error s withi n wel l define d limits

. Th e EP A consider s th e method s equivalen t in PMi o measuremen t

an d i s therefor e promulgatin g bot

h methods

. I n thi s notice , th e EP

A ha s droppe d th e requiremen t

fo r a n out-of-stac k

filter fo r Method s 20 1 an d 20 1 A

. Th e propose d method s wit

h th e out-of-stac k filter wer e originall y intende d t o measur e in-stac k

PMi o an d condensibl e emission s a t

areference temperature

. A s promulgated , th e method s measur e onl y in-stac k

PMio

. However , th e EP

A recognizes tha t

condensibl e emission s ar e als o PMio

i an d tha t emission s tha t contribut e t o ambien t

PMi o concentration s ar e th e sumo f in-stac k PMio , a s measure d b y Metho d 20 1 o r 201A , an d condensibl e emissions

. Therefore , fo

r establishin g sourc e contribution s to ambien t

concentration s o f PMi o fo r emissio n inventory purposes , EP A recommend s tha t

sourc e PMi

o measuremen t

includ e bot

h in-stac k PMi o an d condensibl e emissions

. Condensibl e emission s ma

y b e measure d by impinge r analysi s method s i n combination,wit h eithe r PMi o method

. Th e EP

A intend s t o propos e a n impinger

analysi s method , name d Metho d 202 , in August , 1990

. Draf t copie s o f Metho d 202 ar e available

. Secondary P

M i s forme d in th e atmospher e b y chemica l reaction s amon g chemical pollutant s an d ma y als o exis t a s ambien t

PMi o bu t canno t b e reliabl y measured

. Technical Problems in PM l0Emission Measurement Th e collectio n o

f PMi o i s based o

n th e aerodynamic/inertia l behavio r o f particles

. PMi

o particulat e matte r

i s define d a s al l particle s whic h ar e nominall y 1 0 u maerodynami c siz e an d

o type s o f particl e siz e mpactor e an d 

## 4

1P. 3

cyclone s ar

e mos tappropriat

e for th e in-stac k collectio n o f

PM re . Althoug

h similar principle s ar

e involved , whe n compare d to«ec a other , «ad i ha t advantage s an d disadvantages
. - Caecaue*_B_paLtuiB , ai e oes tsuite d for determinin

g multiple ca tfractious of VM . Their technology i s develope d t e di e painttha tthei r penonnauc e ca

n generally b e predicted ver y wel l from the geometr

y of di e sizin g devic e and flo w considerations
. However , becaus e o f potentia l samplin g nozzl e effect

s o n di e firststage , calibratio n i s require d for PMi o sampling
. Additionally , eac h stag e ca n collec tonl y a few milligram s o f P M befor e particl e bounce adversel y affect s collectio n performance
. Omissio n of stage s in impactor

s t o reduce th

e numbe r of siz e fractions an d increas e catch size s hasten s th e increas e o f error s du e t o particl e bounce . Becaus e of thes e an d other problems , di e samplin g time s wit h cascad e impactor

s ar e relativel y shor t Cyclone s perfor

m wel l a s singl e stag e collectors , d o no tsuffe

r fro m problems due t o particl e bounce , an

d hav e the potentia l o f collectin g P

M mas s in di e orde r o f grams . However , cunen t theorie s o n cyclon e operation s ar e not a s wel l develope d a s dios e fo r cascad e impactor s and cannotpredic

twit h a s hig h degree o

f accurac y di e performanc

e o f cyclone s fro

m geometrica

l an d flow considerations
. Thi s limit

s di e us e o

f cyclone s t o thos e tha

thav e bee n demonstrated t

o produc e di e necessary particl e cu

tsiz e throug

h empirica

l calibratio n procedures . The cu tsize , o r DM , o f a n inertia l sizin g devic e i s defined her

e a s th e aerodynamic diameter o

f a particl e tha

tha s a 5 0 percen tprobabilit

y o f captur e b y the device
. Fo r bot h mediods , di e measuremen

tefficiencie s fo

r PMi o particle s ris e extremely rapidl y a s particl e siz e decrease s belo w 1 0 p m aerodynamic size , an

d fal l extremely rapidl y a s particl e siz e increase s abov e 1 0 pm . Thes e compensating measuremen

tefficiencie s resulti n the prope r measuremen

to f PMi o emission s fro m stationar

y source s when the device s ar

e operated a

ta Dbo , o r cu t size , o f nominall y 1 0 n m aerodynami c particle size
. Consequently , cyclone s capabl e o f collectin g PMi

o wit h acceptabl e sharpnes s o

f cu thav e bee n develope d an

d ar e currentl y availabl e fo r bot h the EG R an d CS R samplin g trains
. Samplin g fro m stack s present

s challenge s whe

n usin g inertia l sizin g devices
. Fo

r example , th

e aerodynamic cu tsiz e i s a functio

n o f th e flo w rat e an d viscosit y o f th e ga s flowing throug

h th e sizin g device
. Therefore , the flow rat e throug

h di e sizin g devic e mus

tb e kep t ata "constan

tdiscret e valu e remain tai n the cu tsiz e at1 0 pm . Sinc e stac k velocitie s usuall y var

y from pointt o poin tmaintaining bot

h isokineti c sampling rate s and constan tsizin g devic e flow rate s in di e sizin g devic e i s a proble m no teasil y overcome . Hi e tw o PMi * mediod s offer differen

tsolution s t

o thi s problem . The EGR Procedure. Th e EG R trai n sample s isokineticall y atth e nozzl e tip an d recycles a filtered , conditione d portio n o f th e exhaus tsampi e ga s diroug h a singl e stag e cyclone , thereb y maintaining the constan tflo w rat e diroug h di e cyclon e require

d for a cu t siz e o f 1 0 pm . Isokineti c sampling i s maintained b y changin

g th e recycl e and sampl e flow rate s suc h tha tdi e combined flow alway s equal s th e require d constan tflow rate . Fo

r example , i

f di e stack ga s velocit

y increases , the teste r ca n increas e th e nozzl e velocit

y t o matc h th e stack velocit y b y increasin g th e sampl e flo w rat e whil e simultaneousl y decreasin g the recycl e flo w rat

e s o tha tdi e tota l flow rat e diroug h di e cyclon e remains the same . Thus , th e recycl e capabilit y o f th e EG R procedur

e permit s th e teste r t

o sampl e isokineticall y in th e presenc e o f variabl e stack ga s velocit

y whil e maintaining a constantcu tsiz e o f 1 0 pm in the cyclone . Th e EG R samplin

g trai n include s a mete r and flo w contro

l consol e t

o monitor the sample , recycle , and tota l flo w rate s throughou

tdi e samplin g train
. Th e nozzl e i s constructe d t

o allo w fo r the additio n of

recycle exhaus tgas . Th e sampling protoco

l i s similar t

o Method 5 excep ttha

tthe required maximu

m numbe r o f point s i n a stac k i s 12
. The EG R procedur

e produces tw o fractions calle d catches . One i s th e PMi o fraction (PMi

o catch ) and th

e other i s the remainder o

f the particulat

e matter i n the sample , o

r di e remainin

g fraction (cyclon e catch)
. Therefore , di e tota l P M catc h ca n b e calculate d b y summin g the PMi o catc h an d di e cyclon e catch . Th e EG R samplin g trai n i s availabl e commercially , however , onl y one compan y i s know n presentl y t

o manufactur

e th e train
. Th

e cos ti s approximatel

y $19,000
. Applicatio n guide s an d descriptio n o

f the insid e dimension s o

f th e cyclone s an

d nozzle s ar e availabl e fro

m EP A fo r us e b y the genera l public
. Thes e description s could b e use d a s aid s i

n the design o

f samplin g train s fo r us e i n performanc

e o f th e PMi o source tes tmethods . The CSR Procedure. Th

e CS R sizin g devic e ca n b e either a cyclon e o r a cascad e impactor
. I

n thi s procedure , a constantsamplin

g rat e require d fo r a 1 0 pm cu

tsiz e i s maintained throughou tth o sampl e traverse . The anisokineti c erro r i s kep twithi n acceptabl e limit s b y specifyin g a permissibl e rang e o f velocit y value s fo

r eac h samplin

g prob e nozzle . The nozzl e selecte d i s di e one whos e maximu

m an d minimu m velocit y value s bracke

tal l o f the actua l samplin g poin tvelocities
. Ofte

n onl y on e nozzl e i s require d t o complet

e a samplin

g run , bu t shoul d th e sampling poin

tvelocitie s var y beyon d th e specifie d rang e o f an y singl e nozzle , the us e o

f mor e tha n one nozzl e and sampling trai

n pe r travers e woul d b e necessary . T o ad d practicalit

y t o th e procedure , the criteria fo

r acceptin g di e results i

n term s o f isokineti c variatio n ar

e mor e libera l tha n fo r the EG R procedure . Ih e actua l isokineti c variatio n allowe d in the CS R metho d varie s wit

h stac k ga s velocity , bu

trange s fro

m ±2 0 t o ±4 0 percen tBecaus e large

r particle s ar

e mor e affecte d b y anisokineti c samplin g erro r tha n PMio , the tota l P M catc h ma y notb e a s accurat

e a s the EG

R procedure . T o accoun

tfo r th e effect s o f samplin g anisokineticaily , th e samplin g tim e a teac h poin ti s adjusted proportionall

y t o th e velocit y a ttha t poin tt o provid e a velocit

y weighte d sample . Th e CS R procedur

e use s a standar

d Metho d 5 samplin

g train , a n in-stac k glas s fibe r filter , an d a n inertia l sizin g device , eithe r a cyclon e o

r a cascad e impactor
. The cascad e impactor s wil l hav e t o b e calibrated fo

r this procedure . Th e approximat

e cos to f a calibrate d impactor , pre-collector , an

d 1 1 nozzle s i s $&000
. The approximat

e cos to f a PM,

0 cyclon e an

d 1 1 nozzle s i s $3,000
. I L Public Participatio

n Th e opportunit

y t o hold a public hearin g o n Jul y 21,198 9 a

t1 0 a.m . wa s presente d i

n th e proposa l notice , bu

tn o one desire d t

o mak e a n ora l presentation
. Th

e publi c commen

t period wa s fro

m Jun e 6,198 9 t o Augus t 25,1989
. Eleven letters were received
. O L Significan

tComment

s an d Change s t o th e Tes tMethods Interested partie s were advise d b y a Notic e o f Propose d Rulemakin

g (5 4 F R 24213 ) o f the Agency' s intentio n t

o promulgat e methods t

o measur e PMi o sourc e emissions
. Th

e commen tperiod extende d fro

m Jun e 6.198 9 t o Augus t21
. 1989
. Eleve

n commen

tletters were received
. Commenter

s included five trad

e associations , thre

e loca l ai r pollution contro l agencies , two chemica

l companies , an

d one environmenta

l consultin g firm

. The majo

r comment

s an d response s ar

e summarize

d below . 

# kP. 4



### 1424 8 Federa

l Registe r /

Vol . 55
. No . 7

4 / Tuesday . Apri

l 17
. 199 0 / Rules an

d Regulation s
Fou r commenter

s objecte d t

o the us e o f the out-of-stac

k filter becaus e di e weighto f th e heavy samplin

g apparatu

s (cyclone , nozzle , pito tan

d filter holder

) woul d brea

k a conventiona

l Metho d 5
- typ e glas s liner
. Another commente r objected t o th e 24 8 ° F temperatur

e requiremen

to f th e out-of-stac

k filter an d recommende

d tha tth e out-of-stac

k filter temperatur

e b e 32 0 ° F fo r subpar tD , Da , Db , an d J sources , a s presently allowe d fo r tota l mas s determination
. Another commente r suggeste d tha

tth e tota l pressur e dro p acros s the syste m wit

h tw o filters wa s s o larg

e tha tth e pum p ma y notb e abl e t

o maintain a

n isokineti c samplin

g rate . A s state d earlier, th

e EP A ha s droppe d th e requiremen

tfo r a n out-of
stac k filter fo r Methods 20 1 an

d 201 A becaus e th

e developmen

to f a condensibl e P

M metho d i s nea r completion
. A s promulgated , th e methods measur

e only in-stac

k PMio
. However , th

e EP A recognize s tha

t condensibl e emission s ar

e als o PMio

. an d tha temission s tha

tcontribut

e t o ambien tPMi o concentration s ar

e the su m o f in-stac k PMio , a s measure

d b y Metho d 20 1 o r 201A , an d condensibl e emissions
. Therefore, fo

r establishin g sourc e contribution

s t o ambien t concentration s o

f PMi o fo r emissio n inventor y purposes , EP

A recommends tha tsourc e PM, 0 measuremen

tinclud e bot h in-stac k PM,

_an d condensibl e emissions
. Condensibl e emission s ma y b e measure

d b y impinge r analysi s methods i n combination wit

h eithe r PMi o method . Tw o commenter

s ar e concerned abou

t how wel l th

e methods compar

e t o each other. Severa

l commenter

s ar e concerne d abou

toperato r erro

r and th e accurac y an d precisio n o

f th e two methods an

d sugges tcollaborativ e testing
. Methods 20 1 an

d 201A wer e compare d directl y t o each othe

r b y coincidenta

l sourc e samplin g i n whic h th e two samplin

g train s were operated sid e b y sid e i n th e same stack . Comparabilit

y i s withi n 1 6 percen

tan d norma l distribution wa s shown a s the methods alternated in sig

n compare

d t o eac h other. Precisio n o

f Methods 20 1 an d 201A wa s establishe d b y operating a tleas ttw o EG

R trains coincidentall y an d two CS R train s similarly
. Th

e precisio n o

f th e method s were equa

l t o o r bette r tha

n thos e reporte

d fo r Methods 5 an

d 17
. On e commente

r think s tha tEP A shoul d defin

e "exampl

e tes tmethods " tha tar e t o b e i n par t51 , appendi

x M , an d two commenter

s ar e concerned abou twha tthe EP A consider s a

n acceptabl e alternative
. "Exampl e tes tmediods " i n appendix M ar e tes tmethod s tha

thav e complete d di e norma l promulgatio

n procedures fo

r EP A tes tmethod s and ar

e recommende

d fo r us e b y state s i n their SIPs
. Base d o n thi s comment

, th e EP A ha s changed th

e designatio n o

f th e tes tmethods i

n appendi x M from "example " tes t methods t o "recommended " tes t methods . Th e acceptabilit

y o f a n alternative metho d t o an y EP A metho d i s a determination mad

e b y the Administrator
. Guideline s fo r determinin

g the acceptabilit

y o f alternative method s ar

e availabl e an

d ca n b e obtaine d fro

m Ro y Huntley , Emission Measuremen

tBranc h (MD-19) , Technica l Suppor tDivision , U.S
. Environmenta

l Protection Agency , Researc h Triangle Park

, Nort h Carolin a 27711 , telephon e numbe

r (919 ) 541-1060
. Another commente

r sai d tha tusing Metho d 5 and a n assume d PMi

o ratio woul d b e cheape r tha

n a direc t measuremen

to f PMi o an d shoul d b e allowe d b y th e EPA
. Th e EP A doe s notanticipat

e tha tthe cos to f a PMi o emissio n tes twil l b e substantiall y highe

r tha n a Metho d 5 emissio n tes t On e commente

r note s the 6 inc

h samplin g por trequiremen

to f bot h PMi o methods an

d recommends tha

tEP A limi tth e us e o f Metho d 20 1 t o stack s having diameter

s o f 1 2 inche s o

r greater . A s a n alternative , EP

A shoul d allo w the us e o f Californi a Air Resource s Boar

d (CARB ) Metho d 501
. whic

h i s reportedl

y effectiv e fo

r us e o n stack s wit

h diameter s a s small a s 4 inches
. According t

o EP A Method 2 , velocit

y measuremen

terro r du e t o blockag e become s significan

twhe n th e cross sectional are

a o f th e samplin

g apparatus i s 3 percen

to r greater o

f the stack cross sectiona l area . Thi s guidance i s the sam e fo r CAR B Metho d 50 1 and EP

A Method s 20 1 and 201A
. Using thi s criteria an

d th e currend y availabl e EG

R an d CS R samplin g apparatus , the minimu m stack diameter tha

tca n b e teste d withou

tsignifican

terro r du e t o blockage i s approximatel

y 3 0 inches
. Smaller diameter stack s ca n b e sample d b y using Metho

d 2C t o measur e poin t velocity
. Severa l commenter

s wer e concerne d tha tthe mediod s cannotaccurately measur e PMi o in stack s wit

h entrained moistur e droplets . Th e PMi o mediod s ar

e no t recommended fo

r stack s wit

h entrained moistur e droplet s becaus e wate r drop s large r tha n PMio
. whic h ar e capture d b y the PMi o cyclone , ma

y contai n particle s whic h normall y woul d b e counte d a s PMio
. Thus , PMi

o measurement

s in stack s wit

h entraine d moistur

e ma y hav e a lo w bia s wit

h respectt

o PMi o emissions
. On e commenter preferre

d t o determin e PMi o emission s b

y measurin

g the PMi o fraction b y a

n impacto r an

d the tota l mas s emission s b y Metho d 5 , obtaining th

e PM.0 mas s emission s b y multiplyin g th e fraction o

f PMi o b y th e tota l emissions
. Th e EP A doe s notconside r thi s metho d acceptable . Th

e impacto r metho d determines the in-stac

k PMi o fractio n an d Metho d 5 determines th

e tota l particulat

e matte r a ta referenc

e temperature , usually 24

8 "F
. Th e in-stac k impactor measure s PMi

o tha texist s i n the stac k an d doe s notmeasur

e th e extr a PMi o tha tcondense s an

d i s collecte d in the prob e and o n th e out-of
stack filter
. Multiplyin

g a n in-stac k PMi o fractio n b y a tota

l mas s determine

d b y Metho d 5 woul d typicall y giv e a lo w bia s fo r PMi o emissions , unles s th

e stac k temperatur

e wa s 24 8 ° F o r less . On e commente

r suggeste d tha

tth e sizin g devic e b e remove

d prio r t o th e pos ttes tleak-chec

k becaus e th

e releas e o f the vacuu m wil l distur

b the sample . Bot h mediod s hav e bee n changed t o allo w the teste r th

e option o f removin g th e sizin g devic e prio

r t o the pos ttes t leak-check . However , i

f thi s optio n i s chosen , the

n a leak-chec

k o f th e entir e train, includin

g th e sizin g device , i s require d immediatel

y prio r t o each run

. On e commente

r note s tha

texistin g cascad e impactor

s do notmee

tEP A specification s and conclude s tha t cascad e impactor

s shoul d no

tb e allowe d a s a

n optio n in Metho

d 201 A unti l extensiv e recalibration ha s bee n performed
. The EP A agree s wit

h th e commente

r and ha s include d the calibratio n procedur e fo r cascad e impactor

s in Metho d 201A
. Another possibl e source o f erro r cite d b y on e commente

r i s tha tth e PMi o mediod s collec tan

d measur e onl y 5 0 percen to f th e particle s 1 0 pm in diameter
. Fo r bot h methods , the measuremen t efficiencie s fo

r PMi o particle s ris e extremely rapidly a s particl e siz e decrease s belo w 1 0 p

m aeordynamic size , and fal

l extremely rapidl

y a s particl e siz e increase s abov e 1 0 pm . Thes e compensating measuremen t efficiencie s resulti n di e prope r measuremen

tfo r PMi o emission s fro

m stationar y source s when the device s ar e operated t

o produc e a cu tpoin t(DM ) o f nominall y 1 0 pm aerodynamic particl e size
. Concer n wa s expresse d aboutthe fac t tha tus e o f dr y recycle ga s ca

n caus e we tparticle s t

o shrink , thus causin gP. 5

Federa l Registe r /

Vol . 55
. No . 7 4 /

Tuesday . Apri l 17 , 199 0 / Rule s an d Regulation s 1424 9

themt o b e erroneousl y measure d a s PM,»

. Dryin g an d shrinkin g i s no tthough tt o b e a problem . Shoul d i tb e considere d a problem , th e teste r coul d choos e Metho d 201 A i n whic h ther e i s n o recycl e gas . Anothe r commente r sai d tha tth e us e o f recycl e ga s increase s velocit y i n th e cyclon e whic h coul d caus e friabl e particle s t o brea k up , becomin g PM t0 . Prio r t o siz e classificatio n b y a PMi o cyclone , ther e i s n o know n o r suspecte d mechanis m b y whic h friabl e particles , shoul d the y exist , ma y brea k up . Whe n particle s greater tha n 1 0 p m aerodynami c siz e reac h th e cyclon e wal l du e t o thei r inertia , the y ar e collected . On e commente r sai d tha tn o consideratio n i s mad e i n eithe r metho d o f th e ga s density , ga s viscosity , o r o f th e densit y o f

th e particulat e matte r bein g measured . Ca s densit y an d viscosit y ar e compensate d fo r i n th e calculation s fo r bot h PMi o methods . Becaus e th e aerodynami c diamete r o f PMi o emission s i s use d i n bot h PMi o methods , determinatio n o f

particl e densities , volumes , o r shape s i s no tnecessar y an d woul d b e redundant . Anothe r commente r sai d i f th e PMi o measuremen ti s mad e downstrea m o f a n electrostati c precipitate r (ESP) , tiien th e particle s wil l carry a n electri c charg e an d th e measuremen to f PMi o b y thes e method s wil l b e affected
. Th e effec to f

a n ES P o n particl e sizin g whe n usin g Metho d 20 1 o r 201 A i s considere d t o b e negligible
. Ther e wa s concer n b y th e commenter s tha tth e particulat e matte r ma y settl e ou tinsid e th e sampl e train
. Th e train s hav e bee n calibrate d wit h tes taerosol s an d th e relativ e accuracie s t o eac h othe r hav e bee n established
. Thes e test s result s an d di e operatio n principle s o f

bot h method s hav e show n tha t"settling " i s no ta problem . Th e particle s trave l onl y 1. 5 t o 3 in
. (nozzl e length ] prio r t o siz e classificatio n b y th e trains
. IV . Administrativ e Th e docke ti s a n organize d an d complet e file o f

al l th e informatio n considere d b y EP

A i n th e developmen t o f thi s rulemaking
. Th e docke ti s a dynami c fil e sinc e materia l i s adde d throughou tth e rulemakin g development . Th e docketin g syste m i s intende d t o allo w member s o f

th e publi c an d industrie s involve d t o identif y readil y an d locat e document s s o tha tthe y ca n effectivel y participat e i n th e rulemakin g process . Alon g wit h th e statemen to f basi s an d purpos e o f

th e propose d an d promulgate d tes tmetho d revision s an d EP A response s t o significan tcomments , th e content s o f

th e docket , excep tfo r interagenc y revie w materials , wil l serv e a s th e recor d i n cas e o f judicia l review (sectio n 307(d)(7)(A))
. Unde r Executiv e Orde r 12291 , EP A i s require d t o judg e whethe r a regulatio n i s a "majo r rule " and , therefore , subjec tt o th e requirement s o f

a regulator y impac t analysis
. Th e Agenc y ha s determine d tha tthis regulatio n woul d resul ti n non e o f th e advers e economi c effect s se tfort h i n sectio n 1 o f

th e Orde r a s ground s fo r findin g a regulatio n t o b e a "majo r rule. " Th e Agenc y has , therefore , conclude d tha tthis regulatio n i s no ta "majo r rule " unde r Executiv e Orde r 12291
. Th e Regulator y Flexibilit y Ac t(RFA ) o f 198 0 require s th e identificatio n o f potentiall y advers e impact s o f Federa l regulation s upo n smal l busines s entities
. Th e Ac tspecificall y require s th e completio n o f

a RF A analysi s i n thos e instance s wher e smal l busines s impact s ar e possible
. Becaus e thi s rulemakin g impose s n o advers e economi c impacts , a n analysi s ha s no tbee n conducted . Lis to f Subject s i n 4 0 CF

R Par t5 1 Administrativ e practic e an d procedure , Ai r pollutio n control , Carbo n monoxide
. Intergovernmenta l relations , Lead . Nitroge n dioxide , Ozone , Particulat e matter , Reportin g an d recordkeepin g requirements, Sulfu r oxides , Volatil e organi c compounds . Dated : Marc

h 22.1990
. Willia m K . Reilly , Administrator. Th e EP A amend s titl e 40 , chapte r I , par t5 1 o f

th e Cod e o f

Federa l Regulation s a s follows : PAR T 51—[AMENDED ] 1
. Th e authorit y citatio n fo r par t5 1 i s revise d t o read a s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S.C
. 7401(b)(1) , 7410, 7470
- 7479
. 7501-7508
. an

d 7601(a)
. unles s otherwis e noted . 2
. Subpar tK

. $ 51.21 2 i s amende d b y addin g paragrap h (c ) t o read a s follows : $ 51-21 2 Testing , Inspection , enforcemen t an d complaints
. * • * * * (c ) Enforceabl e tes tmethod s fo r eac h emissio n limi tspecifie d i n th e plan . A s a n enforceabl e method . State s ma y use : (1 ) An y o f

th e appropriat e method s i n appendi x M t o thi s part , Recommende d Tes tMethod s fo r Stat e Implementatio n Plans ; o r (2 ) A n alternativ e metho d followin g revie w an d approva l o f tha tmetho d b y th e Administrato r o r (3 ) An y appropriat e metho d i n appendi x A t o 4 0 CF

R par t60
. 3
. Appendi x M i s adde d t o par t5 1 t o rea d a s follows : Appendi x M—Recommende d Tes t Mediod s for Stat e Implementatio n Plan s Metho d 20*1—Determinatio

n o f PMi o Emissions (Exhaus

tGa s Recycl e Procedure)
. Metho d 201A—Determinatio

n o f PMi o Emission s (Constan

tSamplin g Rat e Procedure)
. Presente d herei n ar e recommende

d tes t method s fo r measurin

g ai r pollutant

s emanatin g fro m a n emissio n source . The

y ar e provide d fo r State s t o us e i n thei r plan s t o mee tth e requirements o

f Subpar tK—Sourc

e Surveillance
. Th e Stat e ma y als o choos e t

o adop tothe r method s t o mee tth e requirement

s o f Subpar t K o f thi s part , subjec tt o th e norma l pla n revie w process . Th e Stat e ma y als o mee

tth e requirement

s o f Subpar tK o f thi s par tb y adopting, agai

n subjec tt o th e norma l pla n revie w process , an y o f th e relevan tmethods in appendi

x A t o 4 0 CF R par t60
. Metho d 201—Determinatio

n o f PMi o Emissions (Exhaus tCa s Recycl e Procedure

) 1. Applicability and

Principle 1. 1 Applicability
. Thi

s metho d applies t

o th e in-stac k measuremen

to f particulat e matte r (PM ) emission s equa

l t o o r les s tha n a n aerodynamic diameter o f nominall y 10 ji m (PMio ) fro m stationar

y sources . Th

e EP A recognize s tha

tcondensibl e emission s no t collecte d b

y a n in-stac k metho d ar e als o PMio
. an d tha temission s tha

tcontribut

e t o ambien tPMi o level s ar

e th e su m o f condensibl e emission s an

d emission s measure d b y a n in-stac k PMi o method , suc

h a s this metho

d o r Metho d 201A
. Therefore, fo r establishin g sourc

e contribution

s t o ambien tlevel s o f PMio
. suc h a s fo r emissio n inventor y purposes , EP

A suggest s tha tsourc e PMi o measuremen

tinclude bot

h in-stac k PMi o an d condensibl e emissions
. Condensibl e mission s ma

y b e measure

d b y a n impinge r analysi s i n combination wit

h thi s method . 1. 2 Principle
. A ga s sample i s isokineticall y extracte d fro m th e source . A

n in-stac k cyclon e i s used t

o separat e P M greate r tha n PMio
. an d a n in-stac k glas s fibe

r filte r i s use d t o collec tth

e PMio
. T o maintai

n isokineti c flo

w rat e condition s a

tth e ti p o f th e probe an

d a constan

tflo w rat e throug h th e cyclone , a clean , drie

d portio n o f th e sample ga s a

tstac k temperatur

e i s recycled int o the nozzle . Th

e particulat

e mas s i s determine d gravimetricall

y afte r remova l o f uncombine

d water . 2. Apparatus Note : Metho

d S a s cited i

n thi s metho

d refer s t o th e metho d i n 4 0 CF R par t60
. appendi x A
. 2. 1 Samplin

g Train
. A schemati c o

f th e exhaus to f the exhaus tga s recycl e (EGR ) trai n i s show n i n Figur e 1 o f thi s method . 2.1. 1 Nozzl e wit

h Recycl e Attachment

. Stainles s stee l (31 6 o

r equivalent

) wit h a shar p tapere d leading edge , an

d recycl e attachmen

twelde d directly o

n the sid e o

f th e nozzl e (se e schemati c i

n Figur e 2 o f thi s method)
. Th

e angle o f the tape r shall b e o

n th e outside
. Us e only straigh tsamplin g nozzles . "Gooseneck " or othe r nozzl e