# Patent

## Title
Gate-turn-off thyristor failure detecting circuit

## Abstract

A parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit comprises a plurality of level comparator circuits and a plurality of detectors. The level comparator circuits compare the level of one analog input signal with a plurality of reference levels. Any two or more level comparator circuits which receive consecutive reference levels from one set. Each of the detectors determines whether or not the output signals from the level comparator circuits of one set are in a specified state. According to the number of sets of level comparator circuits whose output signals are detected to be in the specified state, it is determined whether or not the analog-to-digital converter circuit functions correctly. the upper limit of the speed of analog-to-digital conversion can be determined according to this number of sets.

## Background
This invention relates to a parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit which has an erroneous-operation detecting function and which is suitable for embodiment of semiconductor integrated circuit.

When it is desired to convert an analog signal, such as video signal or the like having a relatively high frequency, into a digital signal, a high speed analog-to-digital converter (hereinafter referred to as an A/D converter) is used.

FIG. 1 is a view showing the construction of a prior art parallel A/D converter circuit suitable for subjecting an analog signal such as a video signal or the like having a high frequency to A/D conversion. In this A/D converter circuit, between a point of applying a reference voltage +V.sub.REF of positive polarity and a point of applying a reference voltage -V.sub.REF of negative polarity, a plurality of resistors I are connected in series, and so a different reference level signal is obtained from the point of serial connection between each pair of any two adjacent resistors I. The reference level signal is supplied, jointly with the analog signal IN, to each of a plurality of level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i, each consisting of an autozero type comparator, in which the analog input signal level and the reference level signal are compared with each other on a parallel basis.

For purposes of illustration let us take the level comparator circuit 10.sub.2 as an example. An analog switch 11 is first set to the "on" state by a pair of clock pulses .phi..sub.1 and .phi..sub.2, with the result that short-circuiting occurs between the input and output ends of an inverter 12. Thus, the operating point of this inverter is determined. At the same time, an analog switch 13, which is supplied at its input end with a reference level signal, is also set to the "on" state by the same pair of clock pulses .phi..sub.1 and .phi..sub.2, whereby the reference level signal is supplied to one end of a coupling capacitor 14. At this time, the level at one end of the coupling capacitor 14 is set to the reference level while the level at the other end of this coupling capacitor is set to the level at the operating point of the inverter 12, for example, the level equal to one half of the level of a power source voltage supplied to the inverter 12. At the next time sequence, another analog switch 15 is set to the "on" state by a pair of clock pulses .phi..sub.3 and .phi..sub.4, with the result that the analog input signal level is supplied to one end of the coupling capacitor 14. At this time, the level at the other end of the coupling capacitor becomes equal to a level which is deviated by the difference between the reference level and the analog input signal level from the level at the operating point of the inverter 12. And the level corresponding to this deviation is inverted and amplified by the inverter 12. The output of the inverter 12 is subjected to a shaping of the waveform by another inverter 16, and from this inverter 16 the result of the comparison between the reference level and the analog input signal level is outputted as a digital value of "1" level or "0" level. Another analog switch 17 is next set to the "on" state by another pair of clock pulses .phi..sub.5 and .phi..sub.6, whereby said result of comparison is supplied to the input end of an inverter 18 in which the level thereof is inverted. Next, during the period of inversion of the paired clock pulses .phi..sub.5 and .phi..sub.6, a clocked inverter 19 connected to the inverter 18 in the form of an antiparallel connection is rendered operative. Thus, the output of the inverter 18 is inverted by this clocked inverter 19 and is fed back to the input end of the inverter 18. Accordingly, the result of comparison supplied to the inverter 18 through the analog switch 17 is stable held, during the one-bit period of the clock pulses .phi..sub.5 and .phi..sub.6, by a stabilizer circuit 20 comprised of the inverter 18 and the clocked inverter 19.

In the level comparator circuit 10 which is supplied with the reference level higher than the analog input signal level, the input signal level of the inverter 12 after the analog switch 15 is turned "on" becomes lower than the level at the operating point of that inverter, with the result that the output of the inverter 16 becomes "0" level, while the output of the stabilizer circuit 20 becomes "1" level. On the other hand, the output of the stabilizer circuit 20 in the level comparator circuit 10 supplied with reference level lower than the analog input signal level becomes "0" level. In this way, in said plurality of level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i, the reference signals of different levels are compared in level with the analog input signal on a parallel basis. Thus, the outputs of the level comparator circuits supplied with the reference levels higher than the analog input signal level all become "1" level, while the outputs of the level comparator circuits supplied with the reference levels lower than the analog input signal level all become "0" level.

The outputs of the above-mentioned level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i are supplied to a digital signal generator circuit 30. This circuit 30 is a circuit which, in accordance with the output of the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i, generates a digital signal of a plurality of bits corresponding to the analog input signal level. In FIG. 1, a digital signal generator circuit which generates a digital signal of 6 bits is shown. In this case, 64-level comparator circuits 10 are necessary. (that is, i=64.)

In the digital signal generator circuit 30, the outputs from the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i are respectively inverted by a plurality of inverters 31.sub.1 to 31.sub.i, the outputs of which are supplied to a plurality of NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i at one input end thereof. The NAND gate 32.sub.1, which receives at one input end the output of the inverter 31.sub.1 for inverting the output of the level comparator circuit 10.sub.1 supplied with the highest reference level, is constantly supplied at the other input end with a power source voltage of positive polarity. Further, the outputs from the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i-1, which are supplied with the reference levels adjacent to, but higher than, the reference levels supplied to the level comparator circuits 10.sub.2 to 10.sub.i, are directly supplied to the other input ends of the NAND gates 32.sub.2 to 32.sub.i. Further, the output of the level comparator circuit 10.sub.i supplied with the lowest reference level is supplied to one input end of a separate NAND gate 32.sub.i+1, which is supplied at its other input end with the output of an inverter 31.sub.i+1  which is supplied with a ground voltage at all times.

The circuit consisting of one of the inverters 31.sub.1 to 31.sub.i and a corresponding one of the NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i is intended to detect whether or not the output levels of a corresponding level comparator circuit set consisting of two level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 and 10.sub.2, 10.sub.2 and 10.sub.3, . . . or 10.sub.i-1 and 10.sub.i, respectively supplied with two adjacent reference levels, differ from each other. Where the output levels of two such level comparator circuits are equal to each other, the output of the corresponding NAND gate 32 becomes "1" level. Where those output levels differ from each other, the output of the corresponding NAND gate 32 becomes "0" level. Further, since the NAND gate 32.sub.1 is supplied, through the inverter 31.sub.1, with the output of the level comparator circuit 10.sub.1 and also supplied with a "1" level signal, this inverter 31.sub.1 and NAND gate 32.sub.1 constitute a detection circuit for detecting whether or not the output of a level comparator circuit, supplied with a reference level at all times higher than the analog input signal level, differs from the output of the level comparator circuit 10.sub.1. The output from the level comparator circuit 10.sub.1 is supplied through the inverter 31.sub.1 to one input terminal of the NAND gate 32.sub.1. A "1" level signal is supplied to the input terminal of the NAND gate 32.sub.1 at all times. Hence, the inverter 31.sub.1 and the NAND gate 32.sub.1 from a level comparator circuit which receives a reference level higher than the highest level that an analog input signal has which may be converted into a digital signal. The outputs of the NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i+1 are supplied to a plurality of control lines 33.sub.1 to 33.sub.i arranged in a specified direction, respectively, and are inverted by a plurality of inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1, respectively. The outputs of the inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1 are supplied to a plurality of control lines 35.sub.1 to 35.sub.i+1 arranged in the same direction as the control lines 33.sub.1 to 33.sub.i+1, respectively. Six output lines 36 to 41 are so provided as to intersect the control lines 33.sub.1 to 33.sub.i and 35.sub.1 to 35.sub.i+1. Between these output lines 36 to 41 and the point of application of the power source voltage or the point of ground potential, there are connected P channel MOS transistors 43 and N channel MOS transistors 42 whose gates are supplied selectively with the signals of the control lines 33.sub.1 to 33.sub.i and 35.sub.1 to 35.sub.i+1, respectively. The MOS transistors 42 and the MOS transistors 43 are arranged in the form of a specified bit pattern, thereby constituting a programmable logic array (PLA). When these MOS transistors are selectively set to the "on" state in accordance with the signals of the control lines 33.sub.1 to 33.sub.i and 35.sub.1 to 35.sub.i+1, a digital signal of six bits corresponding to the analog input signal IN is outputted from said six output lines 36 to 41. Further, an overflow line 44, which is set at "1" level when said analog input signal level is higher than the reference level supplied to the level comparator circuit 10.sub.1, is connected to the output end of the inverter 34.sub.1.

That is to say, in the A/D converter circuit having the foregoing construction, when the A/D converting operation is carried out once, all of the outputs of the level comparator circuits 10 supplied with the reference level higher than the analog input signal level become "1" level, and all of the outputs of the level comparator circuits 10 supplied with the reference level lower than the analog input signal level become "0" level. And the output level of the level comparator circuit or circuits whose outputs are varied from "1" level to "0" level are detected by the inverters 31.sub.1 to 31.sub.i+1 and the NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i+1 of the digital signal generator circuit 30. In accordance with the results of detection, the MOS transistors 42 and 43 operate selectively, thereby obtaining a digital signal.

In the prior art parallel A/D converter circuit having the foregoing construction, when the frequency of the clock pulses .phi..sub.1 to .phi..sub.6 for controlling the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i is increased by degrees, it is possible to increase the speed of A/D conversion. However, when the frequency of the clock pulses .phi..sub.1 to .phi..sub.6 is increased so highly that the operation speed of the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i reaches a critical operation limit, some of the level comparator circuits 10 will operate erroneously. The digital signal obtained at this time becomes inaccurate and, in addition, when this circuit is fabricated in an integrated circuit, the said critical operation limit varies due to the process of manufacture. For this fact, it is necessary to sort the manufactured integrated circuits so as to be guaranteed commerically to have a specified converting speed by measuring the upper limit speed of the respective circuits. In the prior art circuit, however, no signal is outputted which enables direct determination of whether or not there exists a level comparator circuit 10 performing erroneous operation. This necessitates making such a judgement by means of said digital signal of six bits.

Since high speed analog processing apparatus is required for making such a judgement by the said digital signal, the cost for the said sorting operation increases, which significantly increases the manufacturing cost of the circuit.

Further, since a high speed signal is used in performing the above-mentioned sorting operation by the use of the high speed analog processing apparatus, the presence of even a small capacitance would cause a delay in that high speed signal, thus failing to make a precise judgement. Actually, in performing the said sorting operation, it is necessary to connect a measuring lead to an electrode on the wafer or to conduct mutual wiring between the wafer and the analog processing apparatus. This causes the production of a stray capacitance. In the prior art circuit, therefore, it is impossible to measure the upper limit speed of each integrated circuit while it is in the form of a wafer.

Further, even after the circuit is made into a product, it is necessary to judge whether or not each level comparator circuit 10.sub.1 . . . or 10.sub.i performs an erroneous operation, and this judgement cannot be easily made for the above-mentioned reasons.

If the analog-to-digital converter circuit is made in the form of an IC, the upper limit of its analog-to-digital conversion speed can be easily determined either upon completion of manufacture or during use, or even while the circuit is still on a wafer. Moreover, if the circuit is made in the form of an IC, its testing cost can be reduced. The object of the present invention is to provide a parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit which comprises an n number of level comparator means for comparing the level of an analog input signal with an n number of reference levels, a first output means for outputting a digital signal corresponding to the level of the analog input signal in accordance with the results of comparision achieved by the level comparator means, a plurality of detection means each for detecting a specified state of output signals from a specific set of an m number of level comparator means which receive consecutive reference levels, where m is less than n, and a second output means for outputting a digital signal corresponding to the number of sets of level comparator means whose output signals are detected by the detection means to be in the specified state. According to said number of sets it is easily determined whether or not the level comparator means are functioning correctly.

According to the present invention, there is provided a parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit which, when it is made into an integrated circuit, permits easy determination while still in the manufacturer's testing stage, of the upper limit of its converting speed and, in particular, enables this determination while it is in the form of wafer, and which is low in manufacturing cost.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit which, when it is made into a product and actually used, enables easy determination as to whether or not it is operating erroneously.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are views showing the construction of a prior art parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit;

FIG. 2 is a view showing an analog-to-digital converter circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the analog-to-digital converter circuit according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a view showing the analog-to-digital converter circuit according to still another embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 5 is a view showing the analog-to-digital converter circuit according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. The analog-to-digital converter circuit according to the invention is based on the addition of a circuit having the construction shown in FIG. 2 to the above-mentioned prior art parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i are supplied with the outputs from the above-mentioned level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i. The outputs of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i are supplied to the input ends, at one side, of NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i. A power source voltage is supplied at all times to the other input end of the NAND gate 52.sub.1. Further, outputs from the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i-1, which are supplied with reference levels adjacent to and higher than the reference levels supplied to the level comparator circuits 10.sub.2 to 10.sub.i, are directly supplied to the other input ends of the NAND gates 52.sub.2 to 52.sub.i. Further, the output from the level comparator circuit 10.sub.i, which is supplied with the lowest reference level, is supplied to one input end of another NAND gate 52.sub.i+1, the other input end of which is supplied with the output from an inverter 51.sub.i+1 which is supplied at all times with a ground voltage. The outputs of the NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1 are supplied, through a plurality of inverters 53.sub.1 to 53.sub.i+1, to the gates of a plurality of N channel MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1, respectively. The sources of the MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 are connected to points of ground potential, respectively. The drains thereof are commonly connected, and, between the point A of common connection and the point of application of the power source voltage, there is connected a resistor 55 as a load means. An input end of an inverter 56 is connected to the point A to detect the level at that point A. The output of this inverter 56 is used as a signal for detecting the operational states of the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i. Here it is to be noted that a gate comprised of the N channel MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 is substantially the same as an area associated with one output line of the programmable logic array (PLA) as shown in FIG. 1. In the integrated circuit, therefore, the gate comprised of the N-channel MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 can be readily formed by the same method as that of the programmable logic array (PLA).

In FIG. 2, the circuit consisting of one of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1 and a corresponding one of the NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1, like the circuit of FIG. 1 consisting of one of the inverters 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i+1 and a corresponding one of the NAND gates 32.sub.i to 32.sub.i+1, is used to detect whether or not the outputs of the level comparator circuits set 10.sub.1 and 10.sub.2, 10.sub.3 and 10.sub.4, . . . or 10.sub.1-1, each consisting of two level comparator circuits supplied respectively with two adjoining reference levels, differ from each other. A "0" level signal is outputted from the NAND gate 52 of the number corresponding to the number of said level comparator circuit sets in each of which the outputs have been detected to differ from each other.

In other words, the circuit consisting of one of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1 and a corresponding one of the NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1 is used to detect the state wherein the analog input signal level falls within the range of two reference levels supplied to the level comparator circuits of a corresponding set, or the case where the input side of the level comparator circuit, when seen from the output side thereof, is in a state equivalent to that in which the analog input signal level falls within the range of two reference levels supplied to the level comparator circuits of that corresponding set.

Further, the value of the resistor 55 is set beforehand such that, when one of said plurality of MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 is kept "on", the level V.sub.A at the point A is regarded as a "1" level input by the inverter 56, and when two or more of said plurality of MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 are turned "on", the level V.sub.A at the point A is regarded as a "0" level input by the inverter 56. That is to say, the out state of the inverter 56 is set in correspondence to the number of the NAND gates 52 whose outputs become "0" level.

The action of the circuit having the foregoing construction will now be described. When, in the circuit of FIG. 1, it is now assumed that all of the level comparator circuits 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.i+1 operate normally, the input signals of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i in FIG. 2 at first continue to have "1" level in regard to several input signals and then as a whole have "0" level in regard to the remaining input signals. Assume that the input signals of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i-2, for example, each have "1" level and the input signals of the remaining inverters 51.sub.i-1 and 51.sub.i have "0" level. Then only the output of the NAND gate 52.sub.i-1 has "0" level and all of the outputs of the remaining NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i-1, 52.sub.i and 52.sub.i+1 have "1" level. Thus, the output of only one inverter 53.sub.i-1 is allowed to have high level, with the result that one MOS transistor 54.sub.i-1 is turned "on". Thus, the level V.sub.A at the point A decreases to a level lower than the power source voltage, with the result that the output of the inverter 56 has a "0" level.

At this time, in the circuit of FIG. 1, the output of the NAND gate 32.sub.i-1 corresponding to the NAND gate 52.sub.i-1 contained in the circuit of FIG. 2 has a "0" level and the output of the subsequent inverter 34.sub.i-1 has a "1" level. At this time, both the P channel MOS transistor 43, having its gate connected to the control line 33.sub.i-1 which is in turn connected to the NAND gate 32.sub.i-1, and the N channel MOS transistor 42, having its gate connected to the control line 35.sub.i-1 which is in turn connected to the inverter 34.sub.i-1, are turned "on". As a result, the output line 40 is set at "1" level and the output lines 36 to 39 and 41 are set at "0" level. At this stage of operation, therefore, a 6-bit digital signal of "0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0" arranged from the upper order bit to the lower is obtained corresponding to the analog input signal IN.

On the other hand, in the circuit of FIG. 1, when one level comparator circuit 10 performs an erroneous operation, for example where the level comparator circuit 10.sub.2 performs an erroneous operation and as a result the input signal of the inverter 51.sub.2 has "0" level when, as in the above-mentioned normal operation, the input signals of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i-2 should all have "1" level and both the input signals of the inverters 51.sub.i-1 and 51.sub.i should have "0" level, the inverter 53.sub.2 has a "1" level output as well as the inverter 53.sub.i-1. Thus, the two MOS transistors 54.sub.2 and 54.sub.i-1 are simultaneously turned "on" and, at this time, the output of the inverter 56 has "1" level. At this time, in the circuit of FIG. 1, in addition to the P channel MOS transistors 43 and the N channel MOS transistors 42, having their gates connected to said control lines 33.sub.i-1 and 35.sub.i-1, respectively, the P channel MOS transistors 43 having their gates connected to the control line 33.sub.2 are newly turned "on". Therefore, there is no guarantee that, in this case, the same signal as the above-mentioned 6-bit digital signal will be obtained from the output lines 36 to 41. Further, in the circuit of FIG. 1, where at least one level comparator circuit 10 operates erroneously, two or more of the MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 are simultaneously turned "on", with the result that the output of the inverter 56 comes to have a "1" level.

Accordingly, when it is desired to judge whether or not the level comparator circuit 10 involves an erroneous operation, it is sufficient to examine the output of the inverter 56. For this reason, when, after this circuit is made into an integrated circuit, it will be necessary to measure the upper limit speed of the respective circuits, thereby to sort the circuit having a specified converting circuit. It is sufficient, as mentioned above, to examine whether the output of the inverter 56 has "1" level or "0" level. In the present invention, therefore, the provision of the high speed analog processing apparatus required for the prior art analog-to-digital converter circuit is not required. As a consequence, the cost of the said sorting operation decreases, resulting in a large decrease in the manufacturing cost of the present analog-to-digital converter circuit.

Further, when the said sorting operation is carried out, it is sufficient to confirm a digital value outputted from the inverter 56 through the respective circuits involved. Thus, it is possible to measure the upper speed limit of each circuit when it is in the form of wafer. Further, even after the circuit is made into a product, examining the output of the inverter 56 enables easy judgement as to whether or not the relevant level comparator circuit 10 involves an erroneous operation.

It is to be noted here the since, in FIG. 2, the circuit consisting of inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1, NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1, and inverters 53.sub.1 to 53.sub.i+1 has the same construction as that of the circuit of FIG. 1 consisting of inverters 31.sub.1 to 31.sub.i+1, NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i+1 and inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1, the construction may also be arranged such that the output of the inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1 involved in the circuit of FIG. 1 is supplied to the gate of the MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 involved in the circuit of FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the analog-to-digital converter circuit according to another embodiment of the invention, the construction of which corresponding to that of the circuit of FIG. 2.

In this embodiment, a specified-level generator circuit 63 consisting of a resistor 61 and an N channel MOS transistor 62 and adapted to generate a specified level of voltage V.sub.REF and a comparator 64 for comparing the level V.sub.REF with the level V.sub.A at the point A are used as a detection means for detecting the level V.sub.A at the point A. Said specified level V.sub.REF is set to a value lower than the level V.sub.A obtained when one of the plurality of MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 is turned "on" and is higher than the level obtained when two or more of such MOS transistors are turned "on". An autozero type comparator as shown, for example, in FIG. 1 may be used as the comparator 64.

It is to be noted here that, also in the circuit shown in this second embodiment, the outputs of the plurality of inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1 involved in the circuit of FIG. 1 may be adapted to be supplied to the gates of the plurality of MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1, in which case, the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1, NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1 and inverters 53.sub.1 to 53.sub.i+1 may be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the analog-to-digital converter circuit according to still another embodiment of the invention. In this circuit, a differential amplifier 74 is employed which uses P channel MOS transistors 71 and 72 as the load MOS transistors and which uses, as one side drive MOS transistor, an N channel MOS transistor 73 having its gate supplied with a power source voltage and thus kept "on", and which also uses, as the other side drive MOS transistors, a plurality of N channel MOS transistors 75.sub.1 to 75.sub.i+1 connected in parallel to each other and having their gates supplied with the outputs of the plurality of inverters 34.sub.1 to 34.sub.i+1 or inverters 53.sub.1 to 53.sub.i+1, respectively, whereby the level at the point of connection between the MOS transistors 72 and 73 is detected by a buffer circuit 76. If we now assume that the gm value of one N channel MOS transistor 75 is represented by gmx, and the gm value of the N channel MOS transistor 73 by gms, each gm value is set such that the relation gm<gms<2 gmx is established.

In this circuit, when one of the plurality of MOS transistors 75.sub.1 to 75.sub.i+1 is turned "on", more current will flow into the MOS transistor 73. As a result, the level at the point of connection between the MOS transistors 72 and 73 becomes approximately equal to the ground level. Thus, the output of the buffer circuit for detecting this level becomes zero level. On the other hand, when two or more of the MOS transistors 75.sub.1 to 75.sub.i+1 are turned "on", less current will flow into the MOS transistor 73. In this case, the level at the point of connection between the MOS transistors 72 and 73 becomes close to the power source level. Thus, the output of the buffer circuit 76 is inverted to a "1" level.

In this way, in the preceding embodiments, the initial purpose of the invention is achieved by adding any one of the erroneous-operation detection circuits shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 to the parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit shown in FIG. 1.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments but permits various modifications. For example, in the embodiments described above, the level comparator circuit 10 produces a "1" level signal when the reference level supplied thereto is higher than the analog input signal level; however, in another configuration the level comparator circuit 10 may produce a signal of opposite level to the "1" level signal. And in this case, the output of the circuit section corresponding to the level comparator circuit 10 whose output has been changed from the "0" level to the "1" level may be detected, thereby obtaining a digital signal indicating whether or not an erroneous operation is performed, in correspondence with the number of outputs so detected.

Further, in the preceding embodiments, reference was made to the case where a circuit consisting of one of the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1 and a corresponding one of the two-input NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.i+1 detects whether or not the outputs of the relevant level comparator circuit set consisting of two said level comparator circuits respectively supplied with two adjoining reference levels differ from each other, thereby driving the MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 51.sub.i+1 in accordance with the results of that detection. In other words, this operation aim can also be realized simply by detecting a specified state of the outputs of several level comparator circuits when the analog input signal level falls within the range of several reference levels involved, or when, due to the erroneous operation of the level comparator circuit 10, the operation is in a state equivalent to that in which the analog input signal level falls within the range of said several reference levels, and by turning on the MOS transistors 54 in a number corresponding to the number of the level comparator circuits having been detected to be in such a specified output state.

Referring to FIG. 2, the output signals of the level comparators 10.sub.1, 10.sub.2, 10.sub.3, . . . 10.sub.i-2, 10.sub.i-1 and 10.sub.i (FIG. 1A) are supplied to the inverters 51.sub.1, 51.sub.2, 51.sub.3 . . . 51.sub.i-2, 51.sub.i-1 and 51.sub.i. The input of the inverter 51.sub.i+1 is coupled to ground. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, 2-input NAND gates 51.sub.1, 52.sub.2, 52.sub.3 . . . 52.sub.i-2, 52.sub.i-1 and 52.sub.i are used to detect a particular combination of binary values of the output signals of the comparators 10.sub.1, 10.sub.2, 10.sub.3, . . . 10.sub.i-2, 10.sub.i-1 and 10.sub.i. Instead, 3-input NAND gates may be used for the same purpose.

When 3-input NAND gates are used, it is advisable to use the combination of the inverter 82 and 3-input type NAND gate 81 shown in FIG. 5, instead of the combination of the inverter 51 and 2-input type NAND gate 52 shown in FIG. 2. In this case, the signals supplied to the inverters 51.sub.1, 51.sub.2, 51.sub.3, . . . 51.sub.i-2, 51.sub.i-1, 51.sub.i and 51.sub.i+1 are grouped into groups of three (as 51.sub.1, 51.sub.2, 51.sub.3) . . . (51.sub.i-2, 51.sub.i-1, 51.sub.i), (51.sub.i-1, 51.sub.i, 51.sub.i+1). As shown in FIG. 5, of the output signals of the three comparators 10 forming one group of three which were supplied to three inverters 51 in FIG. 2, the output signal having the lowest reference level is supplied to one input of a 3-input NAND gate 81 through an inverter 82. The output signals of the other two comparators 10, having the highest and the medium reference levels, are supplied directly to the remaining two input terminals of a NAND gate 81.

The outputs of the 3-input NAND gates are connected to the input terminals of the inverters 53.sub.1 to 53.sub.j+1, in place of the output terminals of the 2-input NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.j+1 of FIG. 2. Therefore, when the 2-input NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 52.sub.j+1 of FIG. 2 are replaced by the 3-input NAND gates of FIG. 5, it is possible to omit both the inverters 51.sub.1 to 51.sub.j+1 and the 2-input NAND gates 52.sub.1 to 51.sub.j+1, shown in FIG. 2.

In this case, the outputs from the three level comparator circuits 10 have "1", "1" and "0" levels and are thus in the specified state. An inverter 82 is connected between the circuit 10 producing an output of a "0" level and the third input terminal of the NAND gate 81. Then, the NAND gate 81 produces an output of "0" level only when the outputs from the three level comparator circuits 10 are in the specified state. Therefore, one of the MOS transistors 54.sub.1 to 54.sub.i+1 may be controlled according to the output from the NAND gate 81.

Further, the construction of the digital signal generator circuit 30 is also not limited to that shown in FIG. 1, but may, for example, have 3-input NAND gates used in place of the 2-input NAND gates 32.sub.1 to 32.sub.i+1.

## Claims

1. A parallel analog-to-digital converter circuit comprising: input signal with an n number of reference levels; level of said analog input signal in accordance with results of a comparison achieved by the level comparator means; output signals from a set of an m number of level comparator means which receive consecutive reference levels, where m is less than n; number of sets of level comparator means whose output signals are detected by the detection means to be in the specified state; wherein terminals of which are connected to the output terminals of two level comparator means, and the third input terminal of which is connected the output of a third level comparator means through an inverter, said three level comparator means forming a set, and the output signals from these three level comparator means are detected to be in a specified state when they have logic levels "1", "1" and "0", respectively.