SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES,* NUMBER 24 

*»t 

The Atlantic Barrier Reef 

Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, 

Belize, III: New Marine Isopoda 

I 

Brian Kensley 

ISSUED 

NOV 6 1904 

SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS 

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1984 
ABSTRAC T 

Kensley, Brian. The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, 

Belize, III: New Marine Isopoda. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine 

Sciences, number 24, 81 pages, 48 figures, 1984.—One new genus, Chalixanthura, and twenty-four new species of isopods are described and figured. 

These include Chalixanthura scopulosa, Eisothistos petrensis, Accalathura setosa, 

Apanthura cracenta, Pendanthura hendleri, Cymodoce ruetzleri, Dynamenella 

quadrilirata, Paracerceis cohenae, Paracerceis glynni, Metacirolana agaricicola, 

Metacirolana halia, Metacirolana menziesi, Gnathia rathi, Astacilla regina, Stenetrium bowmani, Stenetrium patulipalma, Stenetrium spathulicarpus, Bagatus 

punctatus, Angliera psamathus, Microcharon sabulum, Joeropsis bifasciatus, Joeropsis personatus, Munna petronastes, and Microcerberus syrticus. Figures and/ 

or descriptions are also provided for Stenetrium minocule Menzies and Glynn, 

Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, Joeropsis coralicola Schultz and McCloskey, 

and Joeropsis rathbunae Richardson. With a few exceptions, all material comes 

from the coral reef system at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Depth and ecological 

data, where available, are provided. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape 

along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Kensley, Brian Frederick. 

T h e Atlantic Barrier Reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, III—new marine Isopoda. 

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 24) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.41:24. 

1. Isopoda—Belize—Carrie Bow Cay—Classification. 2. Crustacea—Classification. 3. Crustacea—Belize—Carrie Bow Cay—Classification. I. Title. II. Series. 

QL444.M34K43 1984 595.3'72'097282 84-600999 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction 1 

Acknowledgments 2 

Suborder ANTHURIDEA 2 

Family HYSSURIDAE 2 

Chalixanthura, new genus 2 

Chalixanthura scopulosa, new species 2 

Genus Eisothistos 6 

Eisothistos petrensis, new species 6 

Family PARANTHURIDAE 10 

Genus Accalathura ' 10 

Accalathura setosa, new species 10 

Family ANTHURIDAE 13 

Genus Apanthura 13 

Apanthura cracenta, new species 13 

Genus Pendanthura 16 

Pendanthura hendleri, new species 16 

Suborder FLABELLIFERA 19 

Family SPHAEROMATIDAE 19 

Genus Cymodoce 19 

Cymodoce ruetzleri, new species 19 

Genus Dynamenella 23 

Dynamenella quadrilirata, new species 23 

Genus Paracerceis 26 

Paracerceis cohenae, new species 26 

Paracerceis glynni, new species 29 

Family CIROLANIDAE 33 

Genus Metacirolana 33 

Metacirolana agaricicola, new species 33 

Metacirolana halia, new species 36 

Metacirolana menziesi, new species 39 

Suborder GNATHIIDEA 43 

Family GNATHIIDAE 43 

Genus Gnathia 43 

Gnathia rathi, new species 43 

Suborder VALVIFERA 45 

Family ARCTURIDAE 45 

Genus Astacilla 45 

Astacilla regina, new species 45 

Suborder ASELLOTA 48 

Family STENETRIIDAE 48 

iii 
iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Genus Stenetrium 48 

Stenetrium bowmani, new species 48 

Stenetrium minocule Menzies and Glynn 51 

Stenetrium patulipalma, new species 52 

Stenetrium spathulicarpus, new species 55 

Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson 59 

Family JANIRIDAE 61 

Genus Bagatus 61 

Bagatus punctatus, new species 61 

Family MICROPARASELLIDAE 64 

Genus Angliera 64 

Angliera psamathus, new species 64 

Genus Microcharon 66 

Microcharon sabulum, new species 66 

Family JOEROPSIDIDAE 68 

Genus Joeropsis 68 

Key to the Species of Joeropsis 68 

Joeropsis bifasciatus, new species 68 

Joeropsis coralicola Schultz and McCloskey 70 

Joeropsis personatus, new species 70 

Joeropsis rathbunae Richardson 73 

Family MUNNIDAE 73 

Genus Munna 73 

Munna petronastes, new species 73 

Suborder MICROCERBERIDEA 78 

Family MICROCERBERIDAE 78 

Genus Microcerberus 78 

Microcerberus syrticus, new species 78 

Literature Cited 80 
The Atlantic Barrier Reef 

Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, 

Belize, III: New Marine Isopoda 

Brian Kensley 

Introduction 

The Smithsonian Institution's Investigations 

of Marine Shallow-Water Ecosystems program at 

Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, started in 1972. (For a 

full report on this program, see Riitzler and 

Macintyre, 1982.) From that time on, samples of 

isopod crustaceans were accumulated, usually incidental to other projects. I started collecting at 

Carrie Bow Cay in 1978, with an initial interest 

in anthuridean isopods. Later, an ecological project involving numerous quantitative samples 

from the reef crest revealed a number of common but undescribed species of isopods. It was 

eventually decided to identify all the Carrie Bow 

isopod material and, in the course of this project, 

even more undescribed species came to light, 

until a total of 24 new species had been recognized. 

One reason that so many new species have 

been found at a single location is that much of 

the collecting was done with the aid of SCUBA, 

allowing fine-scale sampling of microhabitats. In 

this area, Gordon Hendler of the Smithsonian 

Oceanographic Sorting Center, in particular, has 

produced many valuable samples incidental to 

Brian Kensley, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National 

Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. 

his echinoderm research. Other workers who 

provided useful samples include Anne Cohen, 

Kristian Fauchald, and Klaus Riitzler. 

The purpose of this paper is to record only the 

undescribed species from Carrie Bow Cay. In a 

few cases, it has been necessary to include descriptions and figures of earlier species, to resolve 

taxonomic tangles. Two new genera and seven 

new species from Carrie Bow Cay were previously described in Smithsonian Contributions to the 

Marine Sciences, number 12 (see Kensley, 1982). 

The bulk of the material listed in the "Material 

Examined" sections comes from Carrie Bow Cay, 

Belize (16°48'N, 88°05'W). Specific data are 

provided for material from other localities. Th e 

collecting stations are provided with prefixes that 

indicate both the collector and his/her field station numbers; these prefixes and collectors are 

AC Anne Cohen 

CBC Klaus Riitzler 

F Kristian Fauchald 

H Gordon Hendler 

K Brian Kensley 

RC Brian Kensley (quantitative reef crest samples) 

All material has been incorporated into the 

Smithsonian Institution's collection and given 

USNM catalog numbers. In the accompanying 

figures, a scale (in millimeters) is given only for 

the entire animal in dorsal view. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Other abbreviations used are 

juv(s) juveniles 

ovig ovigerous 

TL total length 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—In addition to the collectors mentioned above, I am also very grateful 

to the many collectors of isopod material from 

Carrie Bow, who have not been specifically mentioned. I would like to thank Klaus Riitzler, coordinator of the IMSWE project, for his help in 

making several of my collecting trips possible and 

for identifying sponge material and also Ted 

Bayer, who identified gorgonacean material. My 

thanks are due to a number of people who assisted me with fieldwork and collecting, including 

Marilyn Schotte (who also drew the whole-animal 

illustrations in Figures 21, 23, 30, and 38), Michael Carpenter, Tony Rath, and David Russell. 

The tedious task of sorting hundreds of samples 

was carried out by Marilyn Schotte, Deborah 

Robertson, and Lee Benner, to whom I am very 

grateful. Dr. Jean Just, of the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, made the loan of type material possible. Thre e trips to Belize were made 

possible by Fluid Research Fund grants from S. 

Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Drs. Thomas E. Bowman, Richard C. Brusca, 

and George D. Wilson read the manuscript. 

Their numerous comments led to an immeasurably improved paper, and I owe them my sincere 

thanks. 

This paper is contribution number 134 of the 

Smithsonian Institution's Investigations of Marine Shallow-Water Ecosystems. 

Suborder ANTHURIDEA 

Family HYSSURIDAE 

Chalixanthura, new genus 

DIAGNOSIS.—Eyes present. Antenna 1, flagellum of 3 articles in female, 7 in male. Antenna 

2, flagellum of 7 articles. Mandibular palp 3-

articulate. Maxilliped of 7 articles; short endite 

present. Pereopod 1, propodus barely expanded, 

similar to pereopods 2 and 3. Pereopods 4- 7 

with triangular carpus. Pleopod 1 operculiform, 

both rami forming operculum. Pleonites 1-5 

short, free; pleonite 6 free. Telson lacking statocysts. 

TYPE-SPECIES.—Chalixanthura scopulosa, new 

species, by present designation. 

COMPOSITION.—Chalixanthura scopulosa, new 

species. 

GENDER.—Feminine. 

REMARKS.—Of the group of hyssurids with 

pleonites 1-5 short and free, only Coralanthura 

and Panathura also have a maxilliped of seven 

articles and an endite and lack telsonic statocysts. 

Coralanthura, however, possesses a differentiated 

subchelate pereopod 1, i.e., the propodus is expanded far more than in pereopods 2 and 3. 

Chalixanthura, by contrast, has pereopods 1-3 

undifferentiated. Panathura is characterized by 

a larger maxillipedal endite than is seen in Chalixanthura, by the anterior three pereopods having peg-like or spine-like teeth on the propodal 

palms, and by having a more squat body form 

(7-8 times longer than wide; 13-14 times longer 

than wide in Chalixanthura). 

ETYMOLOGY.—The generic epithet is derived 

from the Greek chalix (pebble or rubble) plus the 

frequently used suffix -anthura. 

Chalixanthura scopulosa, new species 

FIGURES 1-3 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211200, non-ovig $, T L 2.5 mm, sta K-139, reef 

crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Paratype: USNM 211201, 1 non-ovig 9, TL 

2.0 mm, sta K-139, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Additional Material: Seventeen specimens, 

taken during a quantitative survey of reef crest 

rubble isopods, were used in the description of 

this species. Included in this batch were one 

submale and three males (TL 2.5 mm). These 

specimens have since been lost. 

DESCRIPTION.—Non-ovigerous Female: Body 

slender, about 13 times longer than wide. Inte-
NUMBER 24 

FIGURE 1.—Chalixanthura scopulosa, new species, 9: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 2; 

c, antenna 1; d, mandible; e, maxilla;/, maxilliped; g, pleopod 1. 

gument thin, except for slightly indurate uropods and telson. Pigmentation: patch between 

eyes on dorsum of head; pereonites 1-3 with 

small middorsal anterior patch; pereonites 4-7 

with pair of posterior submedian patches; pleon 

with pair of submedian longitudinal stripes; telson with double anterior patch; uropodal exopod 

with broad patch. Body proportions: C < 1 < 2 

= 3>4>5>6>7 . Head with tiny rostral 

point. Pleonites 1-4 short, subequal; pleonite 5 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 2.—Chalixanthura scopulosa, new species, 6: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 2; 

c, antenna 1; d, pereopod 1; e, pleopod 2;/, mandible. 
NUMBER 24 

FIGURE 3.—Chalixanthura scopulosa, new species, 9: a, telson; b, uropodal endopod and basis; 

c, pereopod 1; d, uropodal exopod; e, pereopod 2;/, pereopod 7. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

3 times length of pleonite 4; pleonite 6 twice 

length of pleonite 5, posterior margin with middorsal notch. Telson elongate-ovate, widest posterior to midlength; posterior margin armed with 

6 large teeth and 6 elongate plumose setae. 

Eyes well pigmented, dorsal. Antenna 1, basal 

peduncular segment longer than 2 distal segments together; flagellum of 3 articles, penultimate article bearing 2 aesthetascs. Antenna 2, 

segment 2 longest and broadest; flagellum of 4 

articles. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, segment 

2 1 Vi times length of segment 1; segment 3 Vs 

length of segment 2, bearing 2 distal spines; 

incisor consisting of single broad cusp; lamina 

dentata of 5 teeth; molar small, rounded. Maxilla, exopod bearing 3 distal spines. Maxilliped 7-

segmented (including fused basal segment); endite not reaching distal margin of segment 3, 

with single terminal seta. Pereopod 1, unguis 

almost equal in length to rest of dactyl, with 

strong accessory spine; propodus barely expanded, posterior margin straight. Pereopod 2, 

very similar to pereopod 1. Pereopod 7, propodus and triangular carpus each with short stubby 

dentate spine at posterodistal corner. Pleopod 1 

operculiform, both rami forming operculum; 

basis with 3 coupling hooks; endopod slightly 

longer and 0.6 times width of exopod. Uropodal 

exopod margin bearing 10 strong teeth; endopod 

elongate-ovate, with 12 strong marginal teeth 

and few distal plumose setae; basis with several 

stout plumose setae on outer margin. 

Male: Head with eyes enormously expanded, 

both dorsally and ventrally. Pigmentation on pereon stronger than in female. Pleonites 1-6 free, 

subequal in length, longer than in female. Antenna 1, flagellum of 7 articles, all except terminal article bearing ring of aesthetascs. Mandibular palp similar to female, rest of appendage 

reduced to rounded lobe. Pereopod 1, propodus 

more elongate than in female, with 3 strong 

sensory spines on or near posterior margin. Pleopod 2, exopod with transverse suture anterior to 

midlength; endopod with copulatory stylet articulating near midlength of median margin, not 

overreaching distal margin of ramus. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is from the 

Latin scopulus (crest or ridge) and refers to the 

reef crest habitat of the species. 

Genus Eisothistos Haswell, 1884 

Eisothistos petrensis, new species 

FIGURES 4- 6 

Eisothistos atlanticus.—Barnard, 1925:134 [not Vanhoffen, 

1914:494]. 

PREVIOUS RECORDS.—St. James Bay, St. 

Thomas, West Indies, 10 m (5 fms) (as E. atlanticus). 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211202, non-ovig 9, TL 4.0 mm, sta RC-94, reef 

crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211203, 6, TL 2.0 mm, sta 

RC-96, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211204, 4 8, T L 1.5-2.0 

mm, 4 9, TL 2.0-4.3 mm, sta RC-91, RC-93, 

RC-97, RC-120, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211205, 10 9, 3 

juvs, sta RC-8, RC-10, RC-40, RC-59, RC-94, 

RC-96, RC-99, RC-100, RC-119, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. USNM 211206, 2 9, 2 juvs, sta K70a, K-139, K-150, reef rubble, 0.1-36.0 m. 

USNM 211207, 1 8, 4 9, 1 juv, sta H(80)-8, 

H(80)-31, H(80)-32, H(80)-39, H(80)-49, reef 

rubble, 0-15.0 m. USNM 211208, 4 9, 1 juv, sta 

H(81)-8, H(81)-12, H(81)-40, H(81)-41, 1-15.2 

m. USNM 211209, 1 6, sta F-4, rubble, 0.25 m. 

USNM 211216, 1 non-ovig 9, Looe Key, Florida, 

coral rubble in spur and groove zone, 5-6 m. 

Copenhagen Museum Collection: 4 9, St. James 

Bay, St. Thomas, West Indies, 7 m, coll. T. 

Mortensen, 19 Dec 1905. 

DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body slender, widening posteriorly. Integument anteriorly soft, becoming indurate posteriorly. Head with lateral 

eyes consisting of 6 ommatidia each; frontal margin between antennular bases gently convex. Relative proportions of pereonites variable, but pereonites 1-3 generally subequal, longer than pereonites 4-7; latter decreasing in length poste-
NUMBER 24 

b d 

FIGURE 4.—Eisothistos petrensis, new species, ?: a, mandible; b, maxilla; c, maxilliped; d, pleopod 

1; e, uropodal protopod and endopod;/, uropodal exopod. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 5.—Eisothistos petrensis, new species, 9: a, antenna 2; b, antenna 1; c, pereopod 1; d, 

pereopod 2; e, pereopod 7. 

riorly. Pleonites 1-5 short, pleonite 6 slightly 

longer; pleonites bearing plumose lateral setae. 

Telson with posterior margin faintly bilobed, 

margin strongly serrate; posterior half dorsally 

somewhat spooned; faint middorsal ridge anteriorly. 

Antenna 1, basal segment subequal in length 

to segment 2, U/2 times as wide; segment 3, U/s 
NUMBER 24 

FIGURE 6.—Eisothistos petrensis, new species, 6: a, antenna 1; b, pereopod 1; c, pleopod 1; d, 

pleopod 2; e, pleopod 3. 

times longer than segment 2; flagellum of 6 

articles, second article longest; single aesthetasc 

on articles 4 and 5. Antenna 2 with peduncle 

segment 5 2!/2 length of segment 4; flagellum of 

6 articles. Mandible consisting of single stout 

distally curved sclerotized structure. Maxilla sinuous, with 1 large sclerotized spine and 5 smaller 

spines. Maxilliped slender, of 4 segments, terminal segment with 3 simple apical setae. Pereopod 

1, carpus triangular; propodus relatively longer 

than in pereopods 2 and 3, posterior margin 

almost straight, with slender posterodistal spine; 

unguis

 lA length of dactylus, with strong finely 

serrate accessory spine. Pereopods 2 and 3, ischia 

and meri with rounded peg-like spines on medial 

surface; carpi triangular, propodi with posterior 

margins straight, bearing strong striate posterodistal spine; strong accessory spine of dactylus 

finely serrate. Pereopods 4-7 with carpi becoming more elongate, bearing strong serrate posterodistal spine; propodi becoming more elongate 

posteriorly, posterior margin lined with fringed 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

scales, bearing strong striate posterodistal spine; 

unguis about half length of remainder of dactylus, with strong finely fringed accessory spine. 

Pleopod 1, rami fused, operculiform, slight distal 

slit indicating region of fusion, distal margin of 

fused endopod bearing fringed and simple spines 

between elongate plumose setae. Uropodal exopod elongate-oval, with margins strongly serrate, 

and strong acutely triangular process at about 

midpoint of outer margin. Endopod elongateoval, margins coarsely serrate; both rami with 

broad hyaline margin; protopod with inner and 

outer distal margin serrate, with elongate plumose setae on ventral surface. 

Male: Generally shorter than female. Eyes 

enlarged, extending to ventral area of head, of 

about 12 ommatidia each. Antenna 1, flagellum 

of 9 articles, basal article with row of elongate 

aesthetascs, 5 distal articles, except terminal article each with 1 or 2 aesthetascs. Mouthparts 

reduced, nonsclerotized. Pereopod 1, propodus 

with row of 11 serrate spines on mesial surface, 

strong posterodistal spine. Pleopod 1 rami not 

fused, narrow, each with 4 elongate plumose 

setae; pleopod 2 with strong saber-shaped copulatory stylet articulating at base of, and extending 

beyond, endopod; latter longer than mesially 

broadened exopod; both rami with 4 elongate 

plumose setae on distal margin. Pleopod 3 endopod broadly oval, with 3 distal plumose setae; 

exopod Vi length and less than Vi width of endopod, bearing 4 plumose setae. Uropodal exopod narrower than in female, with strong acutely 

triangular process on outer margin. Telson narrower than in female, with middorsal ridge running almost entire length. 

REMARKS.—Of the 11 described species of 

Eisothistos, six possess dorsally unarmed telsons, 

one of the easiest features to determine. Further 

comparison of telsons, along with other features, 

serves to separate E. petrensis from these six 

species. 

Eisothistos vermiformis Haswell, from Australia, 

has a distally truncate and crenulate telson. 

Eisothistos maledivensis Wagele, from the Maldive Islands, has a parallel-sided telson (i.e., not 

posteriorly flared); the uropodal endopod is 

more elongate, whereas the rami of pleopod 2 

are relatively short and broad. 

Eisothistos anomala (Kensley), from Madagascar, although having a telson very similar to E. 

petrensis, possesses a more oval and apically acute 

uropodal endopod and a distinctly bicuspid mandible. 

Eisothistos moreirai (Pires), from Brazil, has a 

bicuspid mandible, a serrate posterior margin of 

the propodus of pereopod 1, and no indication 

of a fusion slit in pleopod 1 of the female. 

Eisothistos bataviae Kensley and Poore, from 

the Abrolhos Islands, has relatively short first 

and second antennae and strong movable spines 

on the anterolateral margins of the telson. 

Eisothistos minutus Sivertsen and Holthuis, 

from Tristan da Cunha, has relatively short first 

and second antennae and a bilobed uropodal 

endopod lacking a large spinose process. 

Eisothistos atlanticus Vanhoffen (1914) was described from the Cape Verde Islands. Vanhoffen's brief comments and figure are insufficient 

to define the species. Barnard (1925) recorded 

E. atlanticus from St. Thomas in the West Indies. 

Barnard's material has been re-examined and 

found to be conspecific with E. petrensis. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet, from the 

Latin for "among rocks," refers to the habitat of 

E. petrensis, i.e., coral reef rubble. 

Family PARANTHURIDAE 

Genus Accalathura Barnard, 1925 

Accalathura setosa, new species 

FIGURES 7, 8 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211210, ovig 9 (5 eggs in marsupium), TL 8.5 

mm, sta RC-7, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211211, 8, T L 7.0 mm, sta 

K-63, reef crest rubble, 0.25 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211212, 7 8, T L 5.8-7.0 

mm, 1 ovig 9, T L 7.3 mm, 12 non-ovig 9, 6 juvs, 

sta RC-91, RC-92, RC-93, reef crest rubble, 0.1 

m. 
NUMBER 24 11 

FIGURE 7.—Accalathura setosa, new species, 9: a, head and pereonite 1, dorsal view; b, antenna 

1; c, antenna 2; d, telson; e, mandible;/, maxilla; g, maxilliped; h, uropodal exopod; i, pereopod 

l;j, uropodal endopod and basis. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 8.—Accalathura setosa, new species, 6: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 2; c, pleopod 1; d, 

pleopod 2, 6. Accalathura crenulata (Richardson): e, pleopod 2, 6. 
NUMBER 24 13 

Additional Material: USNM 211213, 6 8, 1 

sub 8, 4 ovig 9, 17 non-ovig 9, 36 juvs, from 22 

RC stations, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. USNM 

211214, 1 8, sta K-63, reef crest rubble, 0.25 m. 

USNM 211215, 1 8, 1 ovig 9, 2 juvs, sta F-151, 

reef crest rubble, 0.4 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Ovigerous Female: Integument moderately indurate; scattered red-brown 

chromatophores on head, pereon, pleon, and 

telson. Body proportions: C<1>2<3< 4 = 

5 > 6 > 7. Head with large dorsal eyes; rostrum 

low, triangular, not reaching anterolateral lobes 

of head. Pleonites short, free, 1-4 subequal in 

length, pleonite 5 slightly longer, pleonite 6 with 

middorsal slit in posterior margin. Telson with 

slight anterior constriction, parallel-sided for % 

of length, posteriorly rounded, bearing numerous simple setae of varying lengths; single large 

anterior statocyst present. 

Antenna 1, flagellum of 11 articles, with single 

aesthetasc on articles 4-8 . Antenna 2, peduncle 

segment 2 slightly more than twice length of 

segment 3, segments 4 and 5 subequal; flagellum 

of 13 articles. Mandibular palp with segment 2 

longer than segments 1 or 3; latter with 1 elongate and 15 short distal spines. Maxilla with 

about 11 distal serrations. Maxilliped with endite 

not reaching distal margin of setose palp segment 

2. Pereopod 1, carpus narrowly triangular, with 

3 spines on posterior margin; propodus expanded, palm gently convex, with submarginal 

band of spines on inner surface, rounded proximal lobe bearing 5 spines; unguis almost as long 

as rest of dactylus. Pereopod 2 with elongate 

setae on ischium, merus, carpus, and palm of 

propodus; latter somewhat expanded, with 5 

strong sensory spines and 2 distal trispiculose 

spines; dactylus with very short unguis. Pereopods 2 and 3 similar to pereopod 1 but decreasing in size posteriorly. Pereopods 4-7 , meri bearing elongate setae, carpi roughly rectangular, 

with 2 sensory spines on posterior margin; propodus elongate-rectangular, with 4 sensory 

spines and numerous fringed scales on posterior 

margin. Pleopod 1 operculiform, rami subequal 

in length, exopod almost twice width of endopod. 

Uropodal exopod with outer margin sinuous, 

apically narrowly rounded; entire margin bearing dense simple setae, those at apex longest; 

endopod narrower than protopod, oval, distally 

rounded, bearing numerous elongate setae; protopod with numerous setae on outer margin. 

Male: Body relatively more slender and pigmented than in female; pigment extending anteriorly to bases of antennae. Pereopod 1, carpus 

narrow, triangular, bearing 3 spines on posterior 

margin; propodus much more expanded than in 

female, with convex palm having narrow flange 

and rounded proximal lobe bearing 5 strong 

spines; band of spine-setae on mesial face near 

palm. Pleopod 2 exopod with transverse suture 

at distal % of length; endopod with copulatory 

stylet articulating at about proximal Vs, extending beyond rami, distally expanded and bilobed. 

REMARKS.—Only one species of Accalathura, 

viz., A. crenulata (Richardson), has been recorded 

from the Caribbean. This species co-occurs with 

A. setosa but may easily be distinguished by several features. Accalathura crenulata is a larger 

species (ovigerous female TL 15 mm) and has 

narrow parallel-sided uropodal exopods, a more 

elongate uropodal endopod, an apically acute 

telson, and an apically acute copulatory stylet 

with a subapical "heel." Accalathura setosa is ovigerous at about 8.0 mm and has a broad sinuous 

uropodal exopod, a short oval uropodal endopod, an apically rounded telson, and an apically 

bifid copulatory stylet. 

The species referred to by Menzies and Frankenberg (1966) from Georgia as "Accalathura 

fcrenulata juvenile" may well be A. setosa, judging 

from the figure of the tailfan. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet refers to 

the highly setose margins of the uropodal rami. 

Family ANTHURIDAE 

Genus Apanthura Stebbing, 1900 

Apanthura cracenta, new species 

FIGURES 9, 10 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211217, non-ovig 9, TL 4.6 mm, sta RC-103, 

reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 9.—Apanthura cracenta, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, maxilliped; c, 

mandible; d, uropodal exopod; e, pleopod 1;/, telson; g, uropodal endopod. 
NUMBER 24 15 

Allotype: USNM 211218, 8, TL 3.8 mm, sta 

RC-22, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211219, 2 8, TL 3.0-3.2 

mm, 5 non-ovig 9, TL 2.6-4.6 mm, sta RC-19, 

RC-26, RC-100, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211220, 2 c5, 19 

non-ovig 9, 3 juvs, sta RC-7, RC-13, RC-21, RC23, RC-44, RC-56, RC-58, RC-95, RC-99, RC101, RC-102, RC-104, RC-106, RC-115, RC119, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. USNM 211221, 1 

8, 4 non-ovig 9, 2 juvs, sta H(80)-ll, H(80)-32, 

reef rubble, 15-27.4 m. USNM 221222, 2 nonFIGURE 10.—Apanthura cracenta, new species: a, pereopod 1, 6; b, pereopod 1, 9; c, pereopod 

2; d, pereopod 7; e, pleopod 2, 6;f, antenna 1,9; g, antenna 2; h, antenna 1, 6*. 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

ovig 9, sta H(81)-41, H(81)-57, reef rubble, 1-2 

m. USNM 221223, 2 non-ovig 9, sta CBC.4.5.74-

3, reef rubble, 0.5 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body very slender, 

about 15 times longer than wide. Integument 

thin, non-indurate, unpigmented. Body proportions: C= l = 2>3> 4 = 5 = 6>7 . Rounded 

anterolateral lobes of head reaching beyond low 

rounded rostrum. Dorsolateral eyes small, well 

pigmented. Pleonites 1-5 fused, lateral slits visible in dorsal view; pleonite 6 free, with bilobed 

posterior margin. Telson widest at about midlength, posteriorly narrowed, apically evenly 

rounded, bearing elongate simple setae. 

Antenna 1 with basal peduncle segment longest and widest; flagellum of 3 articles, article 2 

longest; short terminal article bearing 2 aesthetascs. Antenna 2 with peduncle segment 2 longest, only slightly longer than segment 5; flagellum of 2 short articles. Mandible with 3- or 4-

cusped incisor; lamina dentata with 5 broad serrations; molar truncate, sclerotized; palp with 

segment 2 twice length of segment 1, segment 3 

with 4 serrate distal spines. Maxilliped with short 

thin endite; semicircular terminal palp segment 

set obliquely at outer distal angle of penultimate 

segment, bearing 5 elongate setae. Pereopod 1, 

carpus triangular, with distal acute sclerotized 

area; propodus expanded, palm bearing rounded 

sclerotized tooth in proximal half; unguis about 

half length of rest of dactylus, with short rounded 

accessory spine at base. Pereopod 2 with triangular carpus; propodus not expanded, bearing 

strong posterodistal serrate sensory spine. Pereopods 4-7 , carpi with anterior margins shorter 

than posterior; propodi elongate-rectangular, 

with strong posterodistal serrate spine. Pleopod 

1, exopod operculiform, endopod less than half 

width and slightly shorter than exopod. Uropodal exopod with elongate marginal setae and 

deep distal notch; endopod twice longer than 

wide, with outer distal margin bearing numerous 

elongate setae. 

Male: Antenna 1, flagellum of 6 articles, 5 

proximal articles each bearing row of aesthetascs. 

Eyes slightly larger than in female. Pereopod 1, 

carpus with posterodistal angle produced into 

acute triangular tooth; propodal palm with acute 

triangular tooth at midlength; mesial surface of 

propodus with more setae than in female. Pleopod 2, copulatory stylet elongate, club-shaped, 

widening distally, articulating with endopod in 

proximal half of mesial margin. 

REMARKS.—The present species conforms to 

the restricted diagnosis of Apanthura, as given by 

Poore and Lew Ton (in press), especially in having pleonites 1-5 fused, and pleonite 6 free. 

Two species of Apanthura have been recorded 

from the Caribbean, viz., A. geminsula Kensley 

and A. signata Menzies and Glynn. Th e former 

is a robust species and differs from A. cracenta in 

five easily detectable features: total body length 

(A. cracenta adult up to 4.6 mm, A. geminsula 

adult about 8.0 mm); pereopod 1 structure in 

the male and female (carpus and propodus each 

bearing an acute tooth in A. cracenta); a markedly 

more setose tailfan in the present species; a 

shorter and broader maxillipedal endite; and a 

well-defined pit on pereonites 4-6 in A. geminsula, absent in the present species. Apanthura 

signata lacks triangular teeth on pereopod 1, 

which also possesses a more expanded propodus, 

possesses integumental pigmentation, and has 

relatively larger eyes. Apanthura magnifica Menzies and Frankenberg, known from Georgia and 

Florida, is an even more robust and larger species, with an indurate posteriorly flattened telson. 

Apanthura significa Paul and Menzies, from Venezuela, has an unnotched uropodal exopod and 

lacks teeth on the carpus and propodus of pereopod 1. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the Latin cracentis (slender) and refers to 

the overall body form of the species. 

Genus Pendanthura Menzies and Glynn, 1968 

Pendanthura hendleri, new species 

FIGURE 11 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211224, ovig 9, TL 3.3 mm, sta H(81)-ll, from 
NUMBER 24 17 

FIGURE 11.—Pendanthura hendleri, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1, 9; 

c, antenna 2; d, mandible; e, maxilla;/ maxilliped; g, pereopod 1, 9; h, pereopod 7; i, pereopod 

2; j , antenna 1, 6; k, pleopod 1; /, pleopod 2, 6"; m, pereopod 1, 6; n, telson and uropod. 
1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Madracis sp. coral on reef slope, 15.2 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211225, 8, TL 2.8 mm, sta 

K-145, coarse rubble on reef slope, 23 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211226, ovig 9, TL 3.1 

mm, 2 non-ovig 9, TL 3.3 mm, 3 juvs, TL 1.8-

2.1 mm, sta H(81)-l 1, H(81)-31, H(81)-35, from 

Agaricia sp., Madracis sp., and Porites sp. corals 

on reef slope and spur and groove, 9.1-15.2 m. 

USNM 211227,6, TL 3.0 mm, sta K-35, coarse 

coral rubble on reef slope, 20 m. USNM 211228, 

ovig 9, TL 3.4 mm, sta Alpha-Helix ND-19, off 

Panama, 30 m. USNM 211229, 8, TL 2.9 mm, 

juv, TL 1.8 mm, sta H(81)-l, Twin Cays, Belize, 

from Caulerpa verticillata under red mangroves, 

0-2 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Ovigerous Female: Integument not indurate. Body SVi times longer than 

wide; proportions: C<1>2< 3 = 4 = 5>6 > 

7 > P. Head with triangular rostrum extending 

well beyond anterolateral lobes; dorsolateral eyes 

small, well pigmented. Strong dorsal articulationhollow between pereonites 2 and 3. Pleon about 

half length of pereonite 7. Telson basally broad, 

tapering in posterior half to truncate-rounded 

apex; 2 statocysts at about midlength; broad hyaline margin in posterior half. 

Antenna 1 with 3-segmented peduncle, segments decreasing in width and length distally; 

segment 3 with single aesthetasc; flagellum consisting of single tiny article bearing 2 aesthetascs. 

Antenna 2 with peduncle segment 2 longest and 

broadest; flagellum consisting of 1 small and 1 

tiny setose article. Mandibular palp consisting of 

single short segment bearing 2 setae; incisor of 3 

cusps; lamina dentata of 5 serrations; molar short 

and blunt. Maxilla with 1 strong and 4 smaller 

distal spines. Maxillipedal palp of single broad 

quadrate segment bearing 6 distal setae; endite 

short, conical, with 2 distal setae. Pereopod 1 

with triangular carpus bearing fringed scales on 

posterior and distal margins; propodus broad, 

expanded, palmar margin very gently convex, 

bearing 8 simple spines, medial face with 4 

fringed spines; unguis equal in length to rest of 

dactylus, with strong accessory spine at base; 

posterior surface bearing fringed scales. Pereopod 2, carpus and propodus with fringed scales 

on posterior surfaces; propodus roughly rectangular. Pereopod 7, merus distally broadened; 

carpus with anterior margin shorter than posterior; propodus rectangular, posterior margin 

bearing fringed scales, posterodistal angle with 3 

fringed spines. Pleopod 1, exopod operculiform, 

3 times wider than and subequal in length to 

endopod, both rami bearing marginal plumose 

setae. Uropodal exopod narrowly oval, just 

reaching base of endopod, fringed with plumose 

and simple setae; endopod triangular, distally 

narrowly rounded, bearing plumose and elongate simple setae. 

Male: Antenna 1, flagellum of 4 short articles 

bearing numerous aesthetascs. Pereopod 1 as in 

female but with cluster of simple spines on medial 

surface of propodus. Pleopod 2, endopod with 

copulatory stylet articulating in proximal half of 

medial margin, extending well beyond ramus; 

exopod Vs shorter than endopod, with faint indication of suture on outer margin. 

Color: Body transparent in life, with dorsal 

reticulation of red-brown pigment on head, pereonite 2, and pleon. 

REMARKS.—Two species of Pedanthura have 

been described, viz., P. tanaiformis Menzies and 

Glynn, the type-species, from Puerto Rico, and 

P. rarotonga Kensley, from the Cook Islands in 

the Pacific. Pendanthura rarotonga is very similar 

to the present species in overall proportions and 

in most of the appendage structures. Th e most 

noticeable differences lie in the first pereopod, 

which is sinuous in the Pacific species, gently 

convex in P. hendleri, and in the telsonic shape, 

being broader and less tapered in P. rarotonga. 

Pendanthura tanaiformis has been recorded 

from Puerto Rico (Menzies and Glynn, 1968) 

and from Belize (Kensley, 1982) and is abundant 

on the same reef from which P. hendleri was 

collected. The color pattern, however, easily separates the two species, P. tanaiformis being dorsally heavily pigmented on the head, pereon, and 

pleon, and P. hendleri having three narrow dorsal 

patches of pigment. Other differences lie in the 

mandible (the palp having a single seta in the 
NUMBER 24 19 

earlier species), the maxilliped (relatively more 

elongate in P. hendleri), and pereopod 1, which 

has a distinct, rounded lobe on the propodal palm 

in the male and female of P. tanaiformis. 

The two Caribbean species also show a differential depth distribution, P. tanaiformis being 

abundant in intertidal rubble habitats and rarely 

recorded below 1 m. Pendanthura hendleri has 

been collected in 1-2 m in algal turf under red 

mangroves and in several coral species on the 

reef slope, to a depth of 30 m. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. 

Gordon Hendler, of the Smithsonian Institution, 

who collected most of the specimens and who 

also has contributed many other isopod specimens to this study. 

Suborder FLABELLIFERA 

Family SPHAEROMATIDAE 

Genus Cymodoce Leach, 1814 

Cymodoce ruetzleri, new species 

FIGURES 12-14 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211230, 8, TL 5.0 mm, sta F-48, rubble flats, 

0.7 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211231, ovig 9, TL 4.0 mm, 

staCBC-7.5.74-l,0.5m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211232, 6 8, TL 4.0-4.5 

mm, 3 ovig 9, TL 4.0-4.2 mm, 2 9, TL 4.0 mm, 

sta CBC-2.5.74-3, 0.5 m. USNM 211233, 7 8, 

TL 4.0-4.3 mm, 4 ovig 9, TL 4.0-4.3 mm, 

coarse sediments in Thalassia seagrass flats, 0.5 

m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211234, 9 8, 14 

9, 4 juvs, sta K-4, K-22, K-35, K-53, K-61, K-62, 

K-70, K-73, coarse sediments in Thalassia seagrass flats, in Dictyota sp. clumps, coarse sand in 

Halimeda sp. clumps, coral rubble, intertidal to 

30 m. USNM 211235, 16 8, 39 9, 69 juvs, sta 

H(80)-7, H(80)-ll, H(80)-22, H(80)-31, H(80)-

4 1, H(81)-3, H(81)-5, H(81)-39, in Agaricia sp. 

coral and Halimeda sp. algal clumps on fore reef, 

1-36 m. USNM 211236, 6 8, 29, 1 juv, sta RC7, RC-18, RC-65, RC-97, RC-112, reef crest 

coral, 0.1 m. USNM 211237, 2 8, 1 9, sta AC67, AC-501, AC-519, coarse sand, and interior 

of sponge, 5-13 m. USNM 211238, 1 9, 1 juv, 

sta CBC-4.5.74-3, CBC-7.5.74-1, 0.5 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body dorsally strongly 

arched. Integument hard and brittle; anteriorly 

sparsely setose, becoming more densely setose 

posteriorly; entire pleotelson having numerous 

small tubercles, becoming obsolete anterior to 

pereonite 7. Head with large well-pigmented 

dorsolateral eyes; tiny ventrally directed rostral 

point on frontal ridge, separating bases of antenna 1, just touching apex of clypeus. Latter 

broadly U-shaped, with rounded dorsal apex; 

short blunt slightly divergent arms embracing 

labrum. Pereonite 1 with coxal plate fused, ventrally broadened, with posteriorly directed round 

lobe. Pereonite 1 broadest. Pereonite 7 with 

posterior margin faintly and broadly bilobed, 

lobes sometimes bearing tiny spine-like tubercles. 

Pleon consisting of 3 anterior fused pleonites 

articulating with pleotelson; free posterior margin of pleonite 3 submedially bilobed, with lateral 

emargination. Telson bearing submedian pair of 

strong conical tubercles, each having acute tip; 

conical tubercles flanked by low rounded setose 

tubercle; pleotelson sloping ventrally posterior 

to tubercles; apex of pleotelson trilobed, triangular outer lobes separated by deep incisions 

from truncate median lobe; small spinose tubercle at base of incision; outer lobes apically bearing 

2 short teeth. 

Antenna 1, peduncle 3-segmented, basal segment broad, indurate, setose, outer (exposed) 

surface flattened, segment 2 about Vi width and 

!/3 length of basal segment; segment 3 twice 

length of segment 2, slender, cylindrical; flagellum of 11 articles; 8 distal articles each bearing 

single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 slightly longer than 

antenna 1, peduncle 5-segmented, 3 basal segments subequal in length, segment 4 about Vi 

longer than segment 3, segment 5 about Vi 

longer than segment 4; flagellum of 14 articles. 

Mandibular palp 3-segmented, basal segment 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 12.—Cymodoce ruetzleri, new species: a, 6, dorsal view; b, pleotelson, 9, dorsal view; c, 

pleotelson, 6", lateral view; d, antenna 2; e, antenna 1; / clypeus and labrum; g, maxilliped; h, 

left mandible; i, right mandible;/ mandibular palp; k, maxilla 1; /, maxilla 2. 
NUMBER 24 21 

FIGURE 13.—Cymodoce ruetzleri, new species: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 7. 

longest, unarmed; segment 2 bearing 7 fringed 

spines; segment 3, outer margin curved, inner 

(median) margin bearing 12 fringed spines, 2 

distal spines longest; molars of both left and right 

mandibles broad, with sclerotized outer margin; 

incisor bluntly triangular, heavily sclerotized; left 

mandible with 6 spines in spine row, right mandible with strongly sclerotized lacinia mobilis and 

2 spines in spine row. Maxilla 1, outer ramus 

with 9-10 strong spines; inner ramus with 4 

elongate fringed setae. Maxilla 2, inner ramus 

with 8-10 fringed setae on mediodistal margin; 

2 lobes of outer ramus each bearing several elongate finely ridged spines. Maxillipedal endite 

broadening distally, with single coupling hook, 9 

short fringed setae on mediodistal margin; palp 

5-segmented, segments 2-4 each with mediodistal setose lobe, terminal segment slender, setose. 

Pereopods increasing in length posteriorly. Pereopod 1 with short peg-like spine at base of 

unguis; propodus with 3 sensory spines on posterior margin; triangular carpus with 2 sensory 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 14.—Cymodoce ruetzleri, new species, <5; a, pleopod 1; b, pleopod 2; c, pleopod 3; d, 

pleopod 4; e, pleopod 5; / penis. 

spines; merus with 5 sensory spines. Pereopod 2 

more slender and elongate than pereopod 1; 

propodus with 3 posterior sensory spines; 

roughly rectangular carpus with 5 posterior 

spines; merus with 3 posterior spines. Pereopod 

7 with numerous spines of varying lengths on 

propodus, carpus, merus, and anterior margin of 

ischium. Penial processes on sternal of pereonite 

7 elongate-cylindrical, with slight distal swelling. 

Pleopod 1, basis with 3 retinacula; endopod triangular; exopod oval, distally widened. Pleopod 

2, basis with 3 retinacula; endopod triangular, 

with copulatory stylet articulating at base, tapering distally, extending well beyond apex of ramus; exopod oval, distally widened. Pleopod 3, 

endopod basally broad, tapering distally, apex 

broadly rounded; exopod broadly oval, with 

transverse suture in distal fourth. Pleopod 4, 

endopod pleated, basally broader than distally; 

exopod membranous, broadly triangular, with 

transverse suture in distal fourth. Pleopod 5, 

endopod pleated, with rounded basal lobe; exopod membranous, with oblique transverse suture 

in distal third. Uropodal endopod longer than 

exopod, fused with peduncle, with short lateral 

lobe at base near articulation of exopod; endo-
NUMBER 24 23 

pod somewhat flattened, widening distally to triangular apex bearing strong tooth; exopod oval 

in cross-section, with apical tooth. 

Female: Free posterior margin of pleonite 4 

not bilobed as in male; pleotelson with 2 strong 

submedian conical apically acute tubercles; apex 

barely notched, having short rounded lobe 

slightly offset from posterior pleotelsonic margin. Uropodal endopod and peduncle fused, endopod flattened, widening distally to rounded/ 

truncate margin, with short tooth at mediodistal 

corner; exopod shorter than endopod, flattened, 

oval, with tiny distal tooth. 

REMARKS.—This species agrees on all points 

with the generic diagnosis of Cymodoce, given by 

Hurley and Jansen (1977:45). 

No true Cymodoce species has hitherto been 

recorded from the Caribbean. Cymodoce ruetzleri 

most closely resembles C. bentonica Loyola e 

Silva, 1962, from Sao Paulo, Brazil, especially in 

the overall structure of the male and female 

pleotelson and in the posterior granulation of the 

integument. In details, however, the two species 

may easily be separated. The male C. bentonica 

possesses a strong anterodorsally flexed spine on 

the pleotelson and lacks the distinctive spines of 

the pleotelson tubercles and uropods seen in C. 

ruetzleri. The lobes of the male pleotelson are 

apically rounded, and the median lobe elongate 

in the Brazilian species, whereas in C. ruetzleri 

the outer lobes are spinose, the medial lobe less 

elongate and apically truncate. The pleotelsonic 

tubercles of the female are acute in the new 

species, rounded in the Brazilian species. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. 

Klaus Riitzler, coordinator of the Smithsonian 

IMSWE program in Belize. 

Genus Dynamenella Hansen, 1905 

Dynamenella quadrilirata, new species 

FIGURES 15, 16 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211239, 1 8, T L 2.6 mm, sta CBC-4.5.74-3, from 

sponge, 0.5 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211240, ovig 9, TL 2.5 mm, 

sta CBC-4.5.74-3, from sponge, 0.5 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211241, 6 8, TL 2.1-2.5 

mm, 17 ovig 9, 2.1 -2.5 mm, 59, sta CBC-2.5.74-

2, from sponge, 0.5 m. USNM 211242, 1 8, TL 

2.4 mm, sta F-21, Twin Cays, Caulerpa verticillata mat under red mangroves, 0.2 m. USNM 

211243, 18. TL 2.4 mm, 1 ovig 9, TL 2.5 mm, 

2 juvs, sta AC-147, coral rubble in upper spur 

and groove, 3 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body dorsally strongly 

arched. Integument indurate. Dorsolateral eyes 

well pigmented. Head faintly tuberculate, with 

tiny rostral point touching apex of clypeus, separating bases of antenna 1. Clypeus U-shaped, 

with stubby arms embracing labrum. Coxal plate 

1 fused to pereonite, vental margin straight, anteriorly triangular under eye, posteriorly narrowed. Pereonite 1 longest, dorsally with roughened integument. Pereonites 2-7 each with 

roughened transverse band in posterior half. 

Fused pleonite section with 2 low rounded submedian tubercles. Pleotelson with anterior half 

inflated, bearing 4 strong rounded ridges; tapering posteriorly to deeply notched apex; ventral 

margins of apical notch not contiguous, notch 

cordate, with low rounded lobe on midline. 

Antenna 1, first peduncle segment wider, but 

subequal in length to 2 distal segments; segment 

3 narrow, cylindrical, U/2 times longer than segment 2; flagellum of 8 articles, articles 3-6 each 

with single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 slightly shorter 

than antenna 1, peduncle segments increasing in 

length distally; flagellum of 8 articles. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, basal segment longest; segment 2 with 4 fringed spines increasing in length 

distally; segment 3 with 9 fringed spines increasing in length distally. Left mandible with 3-

cusped" incisor; lacinia mobilis not sclerotized, 

with 2 rounded basal cusps; spine row with 1 

broad and 2 fringed spines; molar ridged, with 

numerous marginal teeth. Right mandible with 

4-cusped incisor; lacinia mobilis sclerotized, with 

3 cusps; spine row of 5 fringed spines. Maxilla 1, 

inner ramus with 4 elongate fringed setae; outer 

ramus with 10 stout spines, some faintly dentate. 

Maxilla 2, inner ramus with 6 spines on mediodistal margin, 2 of these stout, conspicuously 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

J 

FIGURE 15.—Dynamenella quadrilirata, new species: a, 6, dorsal view; b, pleotelson, 6, lateral 

view; c, pleotelson, juvenile, dorsal view; d, antenna 2; e, antenna 1; / maxilla 1; g, maxilliped; 

h, maxilla 2; i, right mandible (palp omitted);/ left mandible. 
NUMBER 24 25 

&** I I 

FIGURE 16.—Dynamenella quadrilirata, new species: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 

7; d, pleopod 1; e, pleopod 2, 6;f, pleopod 3; g, pleopod 4; h, pleopod 5; i, penis;/ uropod. 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

fringed; both lobes of outer ramus each with 4 

stout ridged and dentate spines. Maxillipedal endite with single coupling hook; mediodistal margin with 2 fringed setae; distal margin with 9 

fringed spines; palp 5-segmented, segment 2 

longest, distally setose; segment 3 with triangular 

mediodistal setose lobe. Pereopod 1 with strong 

unguis and accessory spine on dactylus; propodus 

with 3 posterodistal spines, posterior surface 

bearing short ctenoid scales; posterior surface of 

short carpus and merus bearing spinose scales. 

Pereopod 2 with numerous setules on posterior 

surfaces of propodus, carpus, and merus. Pereopod 7, posterior surfaces of propodus, carpus 

and merus with numerous fines setules; carpus 

with 6 anterodistal fringed spines. Penial processes on midline of pereonite 7 slender, elongate, 

basally fused. Pleopod 1, basis with 3 retinacula; 

endopod distally subacute, shorter than oval exopod. Pleopod 2, basis with 3 retinacula; endopod triangular, with cylindrical copulatory stylet 

articulating at base; exopod oval, shorter than 

endopod. Pleopod 3, endopod triangular, considerably longer than oval exopod; latter with 

obliquely transverse suture in distal third. Pleopod 4, both rami pleated; exopod tapering apically, with distal transverse suture. Pleopod 5, 

both rami pleated; exopod with transverse suture 

in distal fourth, with 3 rounded distal spinulose 

bosses; endopod broadly oval. Uropodal rami 

subequal in length, distal margins dentate; exopod broader than endopod, with ventral surface 

bearing small scattered tubercles. 

Female: Immature (TL 2.0 mm) pleotelson 

anteriorly inflated, but lacking sculpture; apex 

notched, forming short open tube, ventral margins not touching, foramen circular. Ovigerous 

(TL 2.5 mm) pleotelson with 4 rounded ridges 

somewhat less raised than in male; apical foramen 

circular. 

REMARKS.—None of the ±12 species of Dynamenella recorded from Puerto Rico (Menzies 

and Glynn, 1968), Panama (Glynn, 1968), Venezuela (Glynn, 1970), or Brazil (Loyola e Silva, 

1960) show the strong 4-ridged pleotelson of D. 

quadrilirata. Dynamenella condita Hurley and Jansen, from new Zealand, possesses six longitudinal 

ridges on the pleotelson, but these ridges are not 

so pronounced as in the present species. This 

unique sculpture demands the erection of a new 

species. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet, taken 

from the Latin quattuor (four) plus lira (ridge), 

refers to the pleotelsonic sculpture. 

Genus Paracerceis Hansen, 1905 

Paracerceis cohenae, new species 

FIGURES 17, 18 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211244, 8, TL 10.0 mm, sta AC-526c, from 

sponge Callispongia plicifera on outer ridge of 

fore reef, 15 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211245, 9, TL 7.9 mm, sta 

AC-526c, from sponge Callispongia plicifera on 

outer ridge of fore reef, 15 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211246, 2 9, TL 7.0, 6.0 

mm, 10 juvs, TL 3.2-5.8 mm, sta AC-347, from 

sponge Callispongia plicifera on outer ridge of 

fore reef, 16 m. USNM 211247, 9, TL 6.2 mm, 

3 juvs, from sponge Callispongia plicifera on 

outer ridge of fore reef, 15 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body dorsally moderately arched. Integument indurate, brittle, not 

setose (except uropods). Dorsolateral eyes well 

pigmented. Head with small ventrally directed 

rostral point, separating bases of antenna 1, not 

touching apex of clypeus; low middorsal tubercle 

near posterior margin. Clypeus with bulbous 

apex, arms parallel-sided, divergent, apically 

rounded, embracing labrum. Pereonites each 

with rounded middorsal tubercle and several lateral tubercles near posterior margin. Coxal plate 

of pereonite 1 posteriorly lobed, rounded, tapering anteriorly under eye. Coxal plates 2-7 with 

2 or 3 rounded tubercles, posteroventral corners 

rounded. Four fused pleonites with large conical 

middorsal tubercle near posterior margin, several smaller lateral tubercles. Pleotelson with anterior

 2/3 inflated, faintly tripartite, marked posteriorly by transverse ridge bearing strong mid-
NUMBER 24 27 

FIGURE 17.—Paracerceis cohenae, new species: a, 6, dorsal view; b, pleotelson, 9, dorsal view; c, 

antenna 1; d, antenna 2; e, clypeus and labrum; / maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, left mandible; i, 

right mandible;/ mandibular palp; k, maxilliped. 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 18.—Paracerceis cohenae, new species: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 7; c, pereopod 2; d, 

penis; e, pleopod 1; / pleopod 2, 6*; g, pleopod 3; h, pleopod 4; i, pleopod 5. 

dorsal and lateral conical tubercles; numerous 

smaller tubercles present, especially laterally; 

posterolateral margins curved, toothed; apex 

notched, with small median tooth, notch flanked 

by triangular toothed lobes. 

Antenna 1, basal segment indurate, outer 

(exposed) surface flattened, anteromedially 

rounded; segment 2 about

 XA length and xh width 

of basal segment; segment 3 slender, cylindrical, 

twice greatest length of segment 2; flagellum of 

14 articles, 11 distal articles each bearing 1 or 2 

aesthetascs. Antenna 2, segment 1 broadest; seg-
NUMBER 24 29 

ments 2-5 cylindrical, increasing in length; flagellum of 15 setose articles. Mandibular palp 3-

segmented, middle segment longest, bearing 8 

mediodistal fringed spines; distal segment, outer 

margin convex, 13 fringed spines on inner distal 

margin, spines becoming longer distally. Left 

mandible, incisor with 3 subacute sclerotized 

cusps; lacinia mobilis bluntly dentate; 7 spines in 

spine row; molar broadly convex, with sclerotized, toothed outer margin; right mandible, incisor with 4 sclerotized cusps; lacinia mobilis with 

3 sclerotized cusps; 8 spines in spine row. Maxilla 

1 inner ramus with 4 elongate fringed setae; 

outer ramus with 6 strongly dentate distal spines. 

Maxilla 2, inner ramus with 7 fringed spines on 

mediodistal margin; both lobes of outer ramus 

each bearing 8 elongate curved spines. Maxillipedal endite with single coupling hook, 3 fringed 

spines on medial margin, mediodistal apex bearing strong tooth-like spine; outer distal margin 

bearing 8 fringed spines; palp 5-segmented, segments 2-4 with mediodistal setose lobes, segment 

5 slender, setose. Pereopods increasing in length 

posteriorly. Pereopod 1 propodus, triangular 

carpus, and merus bearing fringed spines on 

posterior margins. Pereopod 2 with few sensory 

spines on posterior margins of propodus, carpus, 

and merus. Pereopod 7 with few spines on posterior margin; inner distal margin of carpus bearing 4 stout fringed spines. Penial processes on 

midventral sternite of pereonite 7 short, digitiform. Pleopod 1, basis with 3 retinacula; endopod roughly triangular; exopod broadening to 

truncate distal margin. Pleopod 2, endopod with 

rod-shaped copulatory stylet articulating slightly 

beyond midlength of medial margin; exopod as 

in pleopod 1. Pleopod 3, endopod triangular; 

exopod broadening to distal truncate margin, 

with obliquely transverse suture in distal

 l/s. Pleopod 4, both rami pleated, triangular. Pleopod 5, 

both rami pleated, less triangular than in pleopod 

4, with 3 spinulose bosses. Uropod with peduncle 

and endopod fused; endopod distally rounded, 

not reaching pleotelsonic apex; exopod elongate, 

cylindrical, slightly bowed towards midline, becoming granular and setose distally, apically truncate, spinose. 

Female: Head and pereon very similar to 

male. Clypeus lacking bulbous apex. Pleotelson 

with anterior half inflated, faintly tripartite, with 

strong conical spine at posterior end of each 

portion; apex shallowly notched, notch flanked 

by 2 low triangular lobes. Uropod with exopod 

flattened, slightly overreaching pleotelsonic 

apex, ending in distolateral tooth; endopod and 

peduncle fused, ramus flattened, distally 

rounded, slightly shorter than exopod. 

REMARKS.—See "Remarks" section of Paracerceis glynni. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Anne 

Cohen, recently of the Smithsonian Institution, 

who collected all the material of this species at 

Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. 

Paracerceis glynni, new species 

FIGURES 19, 20 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211248, 8, TL 6.4 mm, coll. W.A. Starck, Jr., V% 

mi S of Alligator Light, Monroe County, Florida, 

11 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 122742, 3 9, TL 4.4, 5.0, 

5.2 mm, coll. W.A. Starck, Jr., V% mi S of Alligator Light, Monroe County, Florida, 11m . 

USNM 211249, 8, TL 5.8 mm, sta H(81)-3, 

From Halimeda sp. on fore reef crest, 15.2 m. 

USNM 211250, 8, TL 5.8 mm, sta K-142, from 

sponge Aplysina fistularis on fore reef slope, 11 

in. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body dorsally strongly 

arched. Integument indurate, brittle, anteriorly 

sparsely setose, becoming densely setose posteriorly. Dorsolateral eyes well pigmented. Head 

smooth, with small rostral point separating bases 

of antenna 1, touching apex of clypeus. Clypeus 

apically subacute, divergent arms embracing labrum short, distally rounded. Pereonites 1-4 

dorsally smooth. Pereonites 5-7 becoming progressively more tuberculate, tubercles becoming 

more acute posteriorly. Anterior 4 fused pleonites tuberculate. Pleotelson with numerous scattered small tubercles, anterior half inflated, posterior margin of inflated part marked by strong 

middorsal conical tubercle and smaller acutely 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 19.—Paracerceis glynni, new species: a, 6, dorsal view; b, pleotelson, 9, dorsal view; c, 

antenna 2; d, antenna 1; e, clypeus and labrum;/ maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, mandibular palp; 

i, maxilliped;/ left mandible; k, right mandible. 
NUMBER 24 31 

FIGURE 20.—Paracerceis glynni, new species: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 7; d, 

penis; e, pleopod 1; / pleopod 2, 6; g, pleopod 3; h, pleopod 4; i, pleopod 5. 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

conical lateral tubercle; low rounded bulge beneath and posterior to strong lateral tubercle; 

posterior half of pleotelson deeply cleft, with 

small median tooth at base of notch, lobes forming notch apically tricuspid, outer cusp curved 

dorsally. Coxal plate of pereonite 1 posteroventrally triangular, tapering anteriorly, narrow beneath eye. 

Antenna 1, setose basal peduncle segment subequal in length to 2 distal segments combined 

but considerably broader; segment 2 2/s length of 

narrower segment 3; flagellum of 12 articles, 

articles 3-10 each with 2 aesthetascs, articles 11 -

12 with single aesthetasc. Antenna 2, peduncle 

5-segmented, segment 5 longest; flagellum of 12 

setose articles. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, 

segment 2 longest, bearing 8 fringed spines becoming longer distally; segment 3 bearing 13 -

14 fringed spines becoming longer distally; left 

mandible, incisor sclerotized, of 3 cusps; lacinia 

mobilis not sclerotized, with 3 strong teeth; 7 

spines in spine row; molar broad, with several 

distally toothed plates forming crushing surface, 

with longer spines on periphery. Right mandible 

with tridentate incisor; lacinia mobilis sclerotized; 7 spines in spine row; molar as in left 

mandible. Maxilla 1, outer ramus bearing 7-9 

dentate distal spines; inner ramus with 4 elongate 

distal fringed setae. Maxilla 2, inner ramus with 

9 spines on mediodistal margin; both lobes of 

outer ramus bearing about 8 elongate slender 

finely fringed spines. Maxillipedal endite with 

single coupling hook on median margin, 8 

fringed spines on distal margin, single spine at 

mediodistal angle; palp 5-segmented, segment 1 

short, segment 2 with setose triangular lobe on 

median margin, segment 3 with setose lobe becoming digitiform, segment 4 with setose lobe 

very short, segment 5 slender, terete, setose. 

Pereopods becoming longer posteriorly. Pereopod 1 with unguis and accessory spine of dactylus 

sclerotized; propodus with 3 strong dentate 

spines on posterior margin, 3 fringed spines on 

outer surface; triangular carpus, and merus with 

3 strong dentate spines on posterior margin; 

carpus, merus, and ischium each with posterodistal patch of scales. Pereopod 2, propodus with 

4, carpus with 3, and merus with 1 sensory spines 

on posterior margin. Pereopod 7, propodus with 

4 strong spines on posterior; carpus with 3 strong 

spines on posterior margin, several fringed spines 

of varying length on distodorsal margin; merus 

with 3 spines on posterior margin, 1 strong 

fringed spine and 2 slender spines on distodorsal 

margin. Penial processes on sternite of pereonite 

7 relatively short and blunt, well separated. Pleopod 1, basis with 3 retinacula at mediodistal 

angle; endopod triangular; exopod widening to 

distal truncate margin. Pleopod 2, basis with 3 

retinacula; endopod distally tapering to broadly 

rounded apex, cylindrical copulatory stylet extending well beyond apex of ramus, articulating 

at about midlength of median margin; exopod 

widening to distal truncate margin. Pleopod 3, 

basis with 3 retinacula; endopod triangular; exopod widening distally, with oblique suture in 

distal !/3. Both rami of pleopods 4 and 5 pleated. 

Uropodal endopod and peduncle fused, ramus 

distally rounded, reaching to about midlength of 

distolateral pleotelsonic margin; exopod elongate-cylindrical, faintly sinuous, apically bicuspate, extending by about Vi its length beyond 

pleotelsonic apex. 

Female: Body markedly less setose than in 

male, integument not tuberculate. Pleotelson 

with strongly inflated hemispherical proximal 

half with very faint indication of tubercle posteriorly; apex notched, with low rounded tooth at 

base of notch; lobes flanking notch triangular. 

Uropodal endopod and peduncle fused; endopod 

flattened, reaching just beyond midlength of distolateral pleotelsonic margin, apically faintly trituberculate; exopod just extending beyond pleotelsonic apex, flattened, with few faint tubercles 

mediodistally. 

REMARKS.—Four species of Paracerceis are 

known from the western Atlantic. 

Paracerceis tomentosa Schultz and McCloskey, 

1967, was described from three females from the 

North Carolina coast. As the specific epithet 
NUMBER 24 33 

implies, the integument is densely setose. In dorsal view the pleotelsonic apex is entire, differing 

from the notched female pleotelson of P glynni, 

and very different from the notched and strongly 

sculptured female pleotelson of P. cohenae. 

Paracerceis nuttingi (Boone, 1921), was described from Barbados and since recorded from 

Puerto Rico (Menzies and Glynn, 1968:55, 113). 

Boone's material consisted only of females. Menzies and Glynn record an immature male with an 

incipient pleotelsonic notch. Although the pleotelsonic notch of P. nuttingi resembles that of P 

cohenae, Boone's species has a nonsculptured pereon and pleon, whereas P. cohenae is strongly 

tuberculate. The notch in the female of P. glynni 

is much deeper than in P nuttingi, whereas the 

latter species can also be separated by the length 

of the lobes of the maxillipedal palp segments. 

In P. glynni, these lobes are very much shorter. 

Paracerceis edithae Boone, 1930, was described 

from Haiti and has since been redescribed on 

material from Puerto Rico and Haiti (Glynn, 

1972). This distinctive species has been collected 

in Belize in depths of 11-23 m, taken on four 

occasions only in association with sponges. 

Glynn's statement (1972:146) concerning P edithae replacing P. caudata can thus be qualified. 

The male pleotelsonic apex of P. edithae, with its 

strong median tooth and broad lateral lobes, 

immediately separates it from the shallower dentate notch of P. cohenae and the very deep notch 

of P. glynni. Th e pleotelsonic apex of the female 

P. edithae, shown as almost entire, or faintly 

trilobed in the Belize specimens, again differs 

from the broadly notched condition in P. cohenae 

and the much deeper notch of P. glynni. 

Paracerceis caudata (Say), the most widespread 

Paracereis species in the Caribbean, with its 

bowed uropodal exopod and dentate pleotelsonic 

notch in the male, and truncate pleotelsonic apex 

in the female, is easily separated from the two 

species described herein. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. 

Peter W. Glynn, in recognition for his many 

valuable contributions to isopod systematics. 

Family CIROLANIDAE 

Genus Metacirolana Nierstrasz, 1931 

Metacirolana agaricicola, new species 

FIGURES 21, 22 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211259, 8, TL 2.6 mm, sta H(81)-32, from Porites sp. coral on spur and groove, outer reef slope, 

9.1 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211260, 2 ovig 9, TL 2.0-

2.1 mm, 2 9, TL 2.0 mm, sta K-35, rubble and 

coarse sediment on outer reef slope, 20 m. 

USNM 211261, 6\TL 2.0 mm, 1 ovig 9, TL 2.0 

mm, 5 9, TL 1.8-2.1 mm, 2 juvs, sta H(81)-17, 

on Agaricia sp. coral on fore reef, 15.2 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211262, 8, 7 9, 

sta H(81)-13, H(81)-15, H(81)-16, H(81)-42, on 

Agaricia sp. coral on fore reef, 1-15.2 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Integument dorsally 

with scattered red-brown chromatophores on 

head, pleotelson, and uropods. Pereonites and 

pleonites with relatively dense transverse broken 

bands of chromatophores. Body dorsally arched, 

slightly more than twice longer than wide, widest 

at pereonite 6. Head with large dorsolateral eyes; 

fairly strong rostral point; frontal lamina anteriorly convex, tapering to point between bases of 

antenna 2; clypeus broadly triangular, projecting 

ventrally. Coxal plates becoming more acutely 

produced posterodistally. Pereonite 1 slightly 

longer middorsally than remaining subequal pereonites. Epimeron of pleonite 1 shorter than that 

of pleonite 2, overlapped by coxal plate of pereonite 7. Hind margin of pleonite 5 broadly 

trilobed; faint submedian furrows demarking 

lobes. Telson wider than long, basally broad, 

straight lateral margins tapering to broadly triangular posterior margin, latter dentate, with 

fine plumose setae alternating with teeth. 

Antenna 1, basal peduncle segment broader 

with slightly shorter than segment 2; segment 3 

narrower and Vs length of segment 2; flagellum 

of 7 articles, 2 basal articles with cluster of about 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 21.—Metacirolana agaricicola, new species: a, 9, dorsal view; b, antenna 2, 6*; c, antenna 

1,6; d, antenna 2, 9; e, antenna 1, 9; / pleotelsonic apex; g, maxilla 1; h, mandible; i, uropod; 

/ maxilliped; k, maxilla 2. 
NUMBER 24 35 

FIGURE 22.—Metacirolana agaricicola, new species: a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 7; c, pleopod 1; 

d, pleopod 2, <5; e, pleopod 3; / pleopod 4; g, pleopod 5. 

10 aesthetascs, remaining articles each with single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 reaching posteriorly to 

pereonite 4; 5 peduncle segments becoming progressively longer distally; flagellum of 10 articles, 

terminal article with 2 elongate setae. Mandibular palp, segments 1 and 3 subequal in length, 

each half length of segment 2; latter with 8 distal 

fringed spines; segment 3 with 7 distal fringed 

spines; incisor of 3 large and 1 small sclerotized 

cusps; spine row with 8 spines. Maxilla 1, inner 

ramus with 3 stout fringed setae; outer ramus 

with 11 distal spines. Maxilla 2, inner ramus with 

4 mediodistal spines, innermost longest and 

fringed; inner lobe of outer ramus reduced, with 

1 terminal spine; outer lobe with 3 terminal 

spines. Maxillipedal endite reaching midlength 

of palp segment 2, with 2 distal setae, and coupling hook on medial margin; palp segment 3 

broadest and longest. Pereopod 1 short; propodus somewhat expanded, with 2 clusters of spines 

on posterior margin; carpus triangular, with single posterodistal spine cluster; merus with 2 spine 

clusters on posterior margin. Pereopods becoming more elongate posteriorly; pereopod 7, propodus subequal in length to carpus, with 2 pairs 

of spines on posterior margin; carpus with 2 

spines on posterior margin, distal margin bearing 

several fringed spines. Pleopod 1, basis with 3 

retinacula; endopod parallel-sided, distally 

broadly rounded; exopod distally expanded, distal margin oblique-truncate. Pleopod 2, endopod 

elongate-oval, with copulatory stylet articulating 

at base, just reaching beyond ramus; exopod 

broadly oval. Pleopods 3-5 with endopods ovalrectangular, expods broadly oval, with transverse 

suture at about midlength. Uropodal protopod 

produced into triangular lobe, not reaching midlength of endopod; latter distally expanded, distal margin strongly dentate, angled, with plumose setae between marginal teeth; exopod nar-
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

rowly oval, distally acute, margins strongly dentate, with plumose setae between marginal teeth. 

Female: Body form as in male. Eyes slightly 

smaller than in male. Antenna 1, flagellum of 6 

articles, articles 3-5 each with single aesthetasc. 

Antenna 2 reaching posteriorly to pereonite 3; 

flagellum of 8 articles. 

REMARKS.—See "Remarks" section at end of 

Metacirolana menziesi. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the coral genus Agaricia plus the Latin 

suffix -cola (to dwell) and alludes to the fact that 

almost all the specimens were taken from this 

coral living on the Carrie Bow Cay reef. 

Metacirolana halia, new species 

FIGURES 23, 24 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211263, 8, TL 2.9 mm, sta RC-30, reef crest 

rubble, 0.1 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211264, ovig 9, TL 2.7 mm, 

sta RC-30, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211265, 5 8, TL 2.8-2.9 

mm, 3 ovig 9, TL 2.1-2.5 mm, 23 9, TL 2.1 -

2.6 mm, 9 juvs, sta RC-22, reef crest rubble, 0.1 

m. USNM 211266, 4 8, TL 2.4-2.9 mm, 3 ovig 

9, TL 2.5-2.7 mm, 19 9, TL 2.4-2.8 mm, 12 

juvs, sta RC-30, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211267, -10 0 

specimens, sta CBC-2.5.74-2, CBC-2.5.74-3, 

CBC-4.5.74-3, CBC-7.5.74-1, from rubble on 

fore reef slope, 0.5 m. USNM 211268, -18 0 

specimens, sta K-3, K-6, K-35, K-36, K-55, K-56, 

K-62, K-65, K-98, K-105, K-106, K-107, K-132, 

K-134, K-135, K-137, K-139, K-145, from reef 

crest rubble, on algal clumps (Caulerpa racemosa, 

C. verticillata, Halimeda sp.), coarse sediment and 

rubble, fore reef, 0-23 m. USNM 211269, -10 0 

specimens, sta H(81)-8, H(81)-9, H(81)-ll, 

H(81)-12, H(81)-13, H(81)-15, H(81)-17, H(81)-

19, H(81)-20, H(81)-27, H(81)-28, H(81)-29, 

H(81)-30, H(81)-32, H(81)-33, H(81)-34, H(81)-

35, H(81)-36, H(81)-37, H(81)-38, H(81)-39, 

H(81)-40, H(81)-41, H(81)-42, H(81)-48, H(81)-

53, H(81)-54, H(81)-55, H(81)-57, from Agaricia 

sp., Madracis sp., and Porites sp. corals, algal 

clumps (Halimeda sp.), from reef crest to spur 

and groove zone on fore reef, 0-15.2 m. USNM 

211272, 2 specimens, sta H(80)-l, H(80)-10, 

Glover's Reef, Belize, 12-21 m. USNM 211273, 

-60 0 specimens, sta RC-6, RC-7, RC-11, RC-12, 

RC-13, RC-15, RC-16, RC-17, RC-18, RC-19, 

RC-20, RC-21, RC-23, RC-24, RC-25, RC-26, 

RC-27, RC-28, RC-29, RC-41, RC-42, RC-43, 

RC-44, RC-45, RC-46, RC-47, RC-48, RC-49, 

RC-50, RC-52, RC-55, RC-58, RC-59, RC-60, 

RC-71, RC-96, RC-97, RC-101, RC-102, RC103, RC-104, RC-106, RC-107, RC-108, RC109, RC-110, RC-111, RC-117, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Integument dorsally 

with sparsely scattered chromatophores. Body 

dorsally arched, about 3 times longer than wide, 

widest at pleonite 5. Head with large dorsolateral 

eyes; tiny rostral point present; frontal lamina 

anteriorly rounded, tapering sharply posteriorly; 

clypeus broadly triangular, projecting ventrally. 

Pereonite 1 longer than remaining subequal pereonites. Coxal plates: pereonite 1 anteroventrally 

rounded, posteroventrally acute, pereonites 2-6 

becoming posteroventrally produced and acute, 

pereonite 7 coxal plate slightly shorter than that 

of pereonite 6 in lateral view. Pleonites 1-5 free, 

subequal in middorsal length, occasionally with 

tiny denticles on hind margins. Telson tapering 

to truncate posterior margin armed with 8 stout 

spines and intervening plumose setae. 

Antenna 1 reaching posteriorly to pereonite 

5; 2 basal peduncle segment broad, segment 2 

longer than segment 1; segment 3 about Vs length 

and much narrower than segment 2; flagellum 

of 14 articles, 2 basal articles bearing 4 rows of 

aesthetascs. Antenna 2 reaching posteriorly to 

pereonite 7, 3 basal peduncle segments subequal 

in length, segment 4 !/s longer than segment 3; 

segment 5 about twice length of 4, narrower; 

flagellum of 11 articles, terminal article with 2 

elongate setae. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, 

segment 2 about twice length of segment 1, 

bearing 12 fringed spines distally; segment 3 

about half length of segment 2, with 9 spines 

increasing in length distally; incisor with 3 
NUMBER 24 37 

FIGURE 23.—Metacirolana halia, new species: a, 6, dorsal view; b, 9, dorsal view; c, antenna 2, 

6"; d, antenna 1, 8; e, antenna 2, 9; / antenna 1,9; g, pleotelsonic apex; h, coxal plates, lateral 

view; i, uropod. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 24.—Metacirolana halia, new species: a, mandible; b, maxilla 1; c, maxilla 2; d, 

maxilliped; e, pereopod 1; / pereopod 7; g, pleopod 1; h, pleopod 2, 8; i, pleopod 3; / pleopod 

4; k, pleopod 5. 
NUMBER 24 39 

strongly sclerotized cusps; spine row with 9 

spines. Maxilla 1, inner ramus with 3 stout setae; 

outer ramus with 10 distal spines. Maxilla 2, 

inner ramus with 5 elongate spines on broad 

distal margin, innermost spine longest, fringed; 

inner lobe of outer ramus with 4 spines, outer 

lobe with 3 spines. Maxillipedal endite with 2 

coupling hooks on median margin, and 4 fringed 

setae palp with segment 3 longest and broadest, 

3 distal segments setose on mediodistal margin. 

Pereopod 1, dactylus with strong unguis; propodus proximally expanded, posterior margin with 

3 sensory spines; carpus triangular, with 2 sensory spines on posterior margin; merus with 3 

short sensory spines on posterior margin. Pereopod 7, propodus with 4 distal fringed spines, 

posterior margin with 2 clumps of spines; carpus 

with distal band of about 11-12 fringed spines, 

2 spine clumps on posterior margin; merus with 

anterodistal clump of fringed spines, 2 spine 

clumps on posterior margin; ischium with 3 anterodistal fringed spines, 3 spines on posterior 

margin. Pleopod 1, endopod narrower than exopod, parallel-sided for

 2A of length, distally 

broadly rounded; exopod ovate, distally broad. 

Pleopod 2, endopod and exopod equally broad 

copulatory stylet articulating near base of endopod, cylindrical, apically tapered, just reaching 

beyond ramus. Pleopods 3-5, endopods broadly 

ovate, with transverse suture at about midlength. 

Uropodal basis produced into acutely triangular 

lobe along medial margin of endopod; endopod 

distally expanded, bearing 12 stout spines and 

plumose setae; exopod ovate, outer margin serrate, bearing 11 stout spines on outer and distal 

margins, plus plumose setae. 

Female: Body markedly setose in posterior 

half, about twice longer than wide. Dorsolateral 

eyes not so large as in male. Pleon shorter than 

in male, more setose, with tiny scattered denticles 

on posterior margins. Antenna 1 reaching posteriorly to pereonite 1, flagellum of 10 articles, 

single aesthetasc on articles 7-9. Antenna 2 

reaching posteriorly to pereonite 2, flagellum of 

10 articles. 

REMARKS.—See "Remarks" section at end of 

Metacirolana menziesi. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the Greek halis (abundance, crowds, 

swarms) and refers to the fact that the species 

occurs in large numbers in a variety of habitats 

at Carrie Bow Cay. 

Metacirolana menziesi, new species 

FIGURES 25, 26 

MATERIA L EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211251, 8, TL 2.3 mm, sta K-74, rubble from 

outer reef slope, 18 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211252, ovig 9, TL 2.1 mm, 

sta K-62, rubble from outer reef slope, 5-8 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211253, 8, TL 2.2 mm, 5 

ovig 9, 2.0-2.4 mm, 2 9, sta AC-509, rubble 

from spur and groove zone, 14 m. USNM 

211254, 2 8, TL 2.0 mm, 5 9, TL 2.0-2.2 mm, 

1 juv, sta K-62, rubble from outer reef slope, 5 -

8 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211255, 1 8, 6 

ovig 9, 13 9, 2 juvs, sta K-4, K-65, K-70, K-73, 

K-74, from rubble on fore reef slope; from 

clumps of Halimeda sp. on fore reef, 0.5-30 m. 

USNM 211256, 8 9, 12 juvs, sta H(80)-l 1, H(80)-

16, H(80)-22, H(80)-32, H(80)-41, rubble from 

fore reef, 27-36 m. USNM 211257, 9, sta H(83)-

1, reef drop-off, 128 m. USNM 211258, 6 9, 2 

juvs, sta RC-20, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body dorsally strongly 

arched, 2Vz times longer than wide, widest at 

pereonite 6. Integument with scattered redbrown chromatophores on head, pereon, and 

pleon. Under very high magnification, integument of head and pereon with very fine transverse striae. Head with large dorsolateral eyes; 

fairly strong rostral point; frontal lamina anteriorly convex, tapering to point between bases of 

antenna 2. Clypeus broadly triangular, projecting ventrally. Coxal plates 1-4 with posteroventral corners more or less right angled; 5-7 produced posteriorly, acute. Pereonite 1 about twice 

length of pereonite 2; pereonites 2-7 subequal 

in middorsal length. Sideplate of pleonite 1 

overlapped by coxal plate of pereonite 7; sideplate of pleonite 5 overlapped by that of pleonite 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 25.—Metacirolana menziesi, new species: a, 9, dorsal view; b, antenna 2, 8; c, antenna 

1, 8; d, antenna 1, 9; e, antenna 2, 9; / mandible; g, maxilla 1; h, maxilla 2; i, maxilliped;/ 

uropod. 
NUMBER 24 41 

FIGURE 26.—Metacirolana menziesi, new species: a, pleotelsonic apex, 6"; b, pleotelsonic apex, 9; 

c, pereopod 1; d, pereopod 7; e, pleopod 1; / pleopod 2, 8; g, pleopod 3; h, pleopod 4; i, 

pleopod 5. 

4; posterior margin of pleonite 5 faintly sinuous. 

Pleotelson considerably broader than long, posterior margin evenly convex, with about 20 fine 

teeth interspersed with short plumose setae. 

Antenna 1, 2 basal peduncle segments subequal; segment 3 short; flagellum of 8 articles, 

articles 1 and 2 with several aesthetascs, articles 

3-7 each with single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 reaching posteriorly to pereonite 3; peduncle segments 

1-3 short, subequal in length; segments 4 and 5 

cylindrical; segment 4 about Vs length of segment 

5; flagellum of 10 setose articles. Mandibular 

palp 3-segmented, segment 2 with 7 fringed 

spines distally; segment 3 2A length of segment 

2, with 7 distal fringed spines; incisor of 3 broad 

cusps, spine row with 9 stout spines. Maxilla 1, 

inner ramus with 3 stout fringed setae; outer 

ramus with 10 distal spines, some faintly dentate. 

Maxilla 2, inner ramus with 6 mediodistal spines; 

inner lobe of outer ramus with single terminal 

spine, outer lobe with 3 spines. Maxillipedal endite with single coupling hook, 1 fringed and 2 

simple distal setae; palp segment 3 broadest and 

longest. Pereopod 1 shorter than following legs; 

propodus somewhat expanded, with 1 serrate 

and 1 sensory spine on posterior margin; carpus 

short, triangular, with 1 posterodistal sensory 

spine; merus with 2 sensory spines on posterior 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

margin. Pereopod 7, propodus with 2 posterodistal spines, and 1 spine at midlength of posterior margin; carpus rectangular, with cluster of 

distal fringed spines; merus and ischium each 

with several distal spines. Pleopod 1, basis with 3 

retinaculae; endopod shorter and narrower than 

exopod; latter distally expanded. Pleopod 2, copulatory stylet articulating at base of endopod, 

extending beyond ramus. Pleopods 3-5 with endopod subsimilar, exopods becoming broader 

posteriorly, each with transverse suture. Uropodal basis with narrowly triangular lobe produced 

along medial margin of inner ramus; latter with 

broadly rounded mediodistal serrate margin, 

outer margin less convex; outer ramus half width 

of endopod, tapering, apically acute, margins 

distally serrate. 

Female: Very similar to male, with eyes 

slightly smaller. Antenna 1, flagellum of 6 articles, 3 distal articles each with single aesthetasc. 

Antenna 2, flagellum of 9 articles. Posterior pleotelsonic margin with 22-24 serrations and intervening plumose setae relatively longer than in 

male. 

REMARKS.—The genus Metacirolana, as diagnosed by Bruce (1981), possesses an anteriorly 

dilated frontal lamina, a triangular projecting 

clypeus, a maxillipedal endite with one coupling 

hook, and a 5-segmented pleon, with pleonite 5 

not overlapped by pleonite 4. 

The three species of Metacirolana described 

above agree with the diagnosis in the frontal 

lamina and clypeus structure. Metacirolana halia, 

however, possesses two coupling hooks on the 

maxillipedal endite, and pleonite 5 is overlapped 

by pleonite 4. Metacirolana agaricicola agrees in 

all points of the diagnosis. In M. menziesi pleonite 

4 overlaps pleonite 5. In spite of the shortcoming 

of the generic diagnosis, these three species do 

seem to form a natural group, all possessing a 

very similar frontal lamina and projecting clypeus, perhaps the most important features of the 

genus. 

Metacirolana halia bears a striking resemblance 

to M. spinosa Bruce, 1980, described from 

Queensland, Australia, especially in the tail-fan 

structure. Bruce's species, however, is more 

strongly spinose on the posterior margins of pereonite 7 and pleonites 1-5, whereas the coxal 

plates of pereonites 6 and 7 are broader, that of 

pereonite 7 markedly shorter than 6 in M. spinosa. In M. halia, coxal plate 7 is only slightly 

shorter than 6 and narrower and more acute 

than in the Australian species. 

Metacirolana menziesi superficially bears some 

resemblance to M. serrata (Bruce, 1980) from 

Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The 

general body shape and tail-fan structure are 

very similar, but differences may be seen in the 

spination of maxilla 2, the mandibular palp segments, and the posterior pereopods. Th e flagella 

of antenna 1 and 2 in the Australian species 

possess more articles than the present species, 

whereas the posterior margin of pleonite 5 is 

trilobed in M. serrata, evenly convex in M. menziesi. Bruce (1981) correctly points out the error 

of identification of Cirolana mayana by Menzies 

and Glynn (1968). In fact, their figure of Cirolana mayana agrees well with Metacirolana menziesi, but as their Puerto Rico material could not 

be located, this identification could not be confirmed. 

The three species of Metacirolana that occur 

at Carrie Bow Cay may easily be separated by the 

morphological features given in the following 

tabulation. 

Posterior 

pleotelsonic 

margin 

Antenna 2 8 

Uropodal 

endopod 

Uropodal 

exopod 

Pleonite 5, 

posterior 

margin 

M. agaricicola 

triangular, 

dentate 

reaching 

pereonite 4 

distally 

angular 

distally 

acute 

trilobed 

M. halia 

truncate, 

spinose 

reaching 

pereonite 7 

distally 

truncate 

distally 

rounded 

convex 

M. menziesi 

convex, 

dentate 

reaching 

pereonite 3 

distally 

angular 

distally 

acute 

faintly 

convex 

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named for the 
NUMBER 24 43 

late Dr. Robert J. Menzies, indefatigable isopod worker. 

Suborder GNATHHDEA 

Family GNATHHDAE 

Genus Gnathia Leach, 1813 

Gnathia rathi, new species 

FIGURE 27 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211328, 8, TL 1.6 mm, sta H(80)-l 1, from fore 

reef slope, 27.4 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211329, 13 6\ TL 1.6-1.9 

mm, 3 9, 1.8-2.2 mm, sta H(83)-l, brought up 

by fishing line, off reef drop-off, 128 m. USNM 

211330, 14 6\ T L 1.6-1.9 mm, 2 9, TL 1.6-1.8 

mm, sta H(80)-22, fore reef slope, 36 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211331, 18 8, 1 

ovig 9, 1 9, 2 praniza, sta H(80)-4, H(80)-ll, 

H(80)-18, fore reef slope, 1-27.2 m. USNM 

211332, 2 8, sta K-101, rubble from fore reef 

slope, 25 m. USNM 211333, 3 8, sta CBC.2.5.74-

2, CBC.4.5.74-3, rubble from reef flat, 0.5-1.0 

m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Integument of head 

and pereonites 1-3 indurate, finely granular. 

Head with anterior margin barely convex, with 

lateral conical tubercle medial to mandible; anterolateral corner bluntly triangular; anteromedial part of head hollowed, posteromedial part 

convex; lateral eyes well pigmented. Pereonite 1 

short, lacking free lateral margins. Pereonite 2 

slightly shorter than pereonite 3. Pereonites 4- 6 

broad, poorly defined; pereonite 7 very short, 

hidden beneath posterior margin of pereonite 6. 

Pleonites subequal in length. Telson triangular, 

slightly longer than basal width, lateral margins 

proximally shallowly serrate, sinuous. 

Antenna 1, peduncle segment 3 equal in 

length to 2 basal segments together; flagellum of 

4 articles, penultimate article with 1 aesthetasc, 

terminal article with 2 aesthetascs. Antenna 2, 3 

basal peduncle segments short, segment 4 2/s 

length of segment 5; flagellum of 6 articles. Mandible with subacute apex, cutting edge barely 

crenulate, outer margin with strong convex 

ridge. Maxilliped of 5 segments, basal segment 

broad, semicircular, with triangular lobe at inner 

distal corner; 4 distal segments bearing finely 

fringed setae. Pylopod with broad basal segment 

bearing finely fringed setae on convex medial 

margin; distal ovate segment very small, margins 

setulose. Pereopod 1, dactylus with strong unguis 

and tiny accessory spine; propodus with 2 spines 

on posterior margin; carpus with 2 conical tubercles on posterior margin; merus and ischium with 

scattered tubercles on posterior surface. Pereopod 6 with posterior margins of propodus, carpus, merus, and ischium with fringed scales; basis 

with spinose tubercles on anterior surface. Uropodal exopod narrower than but subequal in 

length to endopod; both rami bearing elongate 

seta. 

Female: Typical of genus. 

REMARKS.—Thre e species of Gnathia have 

been recorded from the Caribbean. Th e commonest, G. puertoricensis Menzies and Glynn, was 

collected along with G. rathi at several stations at 

Carrie Bow Cay. The earlier species has a tiny 

rostral point flanked by a subacute tubercle, giving the frontal margin a tridentate appearance. 

The outer ridge of the mandible is not so robust 

as in G. rathi, and the cutting margin is more 

strongly dentate. The strongly granulate anterior integument of G. rathi is not seen in the 

earlier species. 

Gnathia beethoveni Paul and Menzies, from 

Venezuela, has a median notch and two lateral 

tubercles on the frontal margin of the head, a 

mandible with a dentate cutting edge, and lacks 

integumental granulations. 

Gnathia triospathiona Boone, from the Gulf 

Stream off Florida, is a much larger species (8 

TL 8.8 mm) than G. rathi, lacks integumental 

granulations, and has a produced frontal margin. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Tony 

Rath, as a small token of appreciation for his 

assistance as station manager at Carrie Bow Cay. 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 27.—Gnathia rathi, new species: a, 8, dorsal view; b, pleotelson and uropod; c, antenna 

1; d, antenna 2; e, mandible;/ maxilliped; g, pylopod; h, pereopod 6; i, pereopod 1. 
NUMBER 24 45 

Suborder VALVIFERA 

Family ARCTURIDAE 

Genus Astacilla Cordiner, 1793 

Astacilla regina, new species 

FIGURES 28, 29 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211334, 8, T L 6.5 mm, sta H(80)-22, fore reef 

slope, 36 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211335, ovig 9, TL 7.1 mm, 

sta H(80)-41, fore reef slope, 36 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211336, 2 8, TL 5.9-6.5 

mm, 9 juvs, TL 3.1-4.6 mm, sta H(80)-4, H(80)-

11, H(80)-22, fore reef slope, 27.4-36 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body elongate-cylindrical, geniculate between pereonites 4 and 5. 

Integument tuberculate. Head with anterior 

margin evenly concave; anterolateral lobes well 

produced, rounded in lateral view, with small 

conical tubercle anterodorsally; dorsolateral eyes 

large, well pigmented, subcircular; pair of submedian conical tubercles above eye, second large 

posterior pair; ventral margin of head not concealing mouthparts. Pereonite 1 fused with head, 

line of fusion marked by slit in ventral margin; 

middorsal tubercle near posterior margin; large 

lateral tubercle present. Pereonites 2 and 3 subequal, each with small middorsal tubercle, several 

smaller lateral tubercles. Pereonite 4, 8 times 

longer than wide, cylindrical, with strong conical 

middorsal tubercle just anterior to midlength, 

smaller middorsal tubercle near posterior margin; several small scattered tubercles. Pereonites 

5-7 decreasing in length posteriorly, each with 

middorsal conical tubercle. Pleotelson with 2 anterior fused pleonites very weakly indicated, with 

anterior middorsal tubercle, well-marked lateral 

"shoulder"; apex subacute. 

Antenna 1, basal peduncle segment with distodorsal conical tubercle, about twice width and 

1.5 times length of segment 2; segment 3 slightly 

narrower and longer than segment 2; flagellum 

of single article, subequal in length to peduncle, 

with row of 10 ventral aesthetascs. Antenna 2, 2 

basal peduncle segments relatively short, segment 2 with 2 distal tubercles; segments 3-5 

elongate-cylindrical, segment 4 almost twice 

length of segment 3; segment 5 subequal to 

segment 4; flagellum of 2 articles. Mandible with 

tricuspid incisor, dentate lacinia mobilis; 2 spines 

in spine row; broadly truncate molar with strong 

marginal teeth. Maxilla 1, inner ramus with 3 

distal fringed setae; outer ramus with 10 stout 

distal spines, some with dentate margins. Maxilla 

2, inner ramus with 6 fringed setae on mediodistal margin, several slender setae on outer distal margin; both lobes of outer ramus bearing 3 

elongate distally pectinate spines. Maxillipedal 

endite distally broad, with 1 coupling hook, 4 

fringed setae on mediodistal margin; palp of 5 

segments, 4 distal segments setose on medial 

margins; strong conical spine on endite body 

near origin of palp. Pereopod 1 shorter than 

pereopods 2-4; carpus longest segment, bearing 

6 distally bipectinate spines on posterior margin, 

plus several simple setae on medial surface; propodus with simple setae on posterior margin plus 

several ranks of fringed spines on medial surface; 

dactylus with terminal fringed spine and several 

less-robust setae on anterior and posterior margins. Pereopods 2-4 similar, lacking dactylus, 

with propodi, carpi, and meri slender, cylindrical, bearing elongate setae on posterior margins. 

Pereopods 5-7 prehensile, robust, becoming 

progressively shorter posteriorly. Penis slightly 

longer than basis of pleopod 1, distally bilobed. 

Pleopod 1 basis with 3 retinacula; rami of equal 

length, exopod with notch in proximal half, and 

3 elongate setae. Pleopod 2, copulatory stylet 

articulating on inner margin of endopod near 

base, reaching by half its length beyond rami, 

distally trifid, with 2 slender elongate lobes 

shielded basally by third acute process. Uropod 

with outer ramus triangular, margins setulose; 

inner ramus half length and Vs basal width of 

outer ramus, with 2 elongate distal setae. 

Female: Integument relatively more tuberculate than in male. Head and pereonites 1-3 

similar to male; pereonite 4 only slightly longer 

than greatest anterior width; coxal plate with 2 

marginal tubercles, segment tapering poste-
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 28.—Astacilla regina, new species: a, ovigerous 9, dorsal view; b, 8, lateral view; c, 

mandible; d, maxilla 2; e, maxilliped;/ maxilla 1; g, antenna 1. 
NUMBER 24 47 

FIGURE 29.—Astacilla regina, new species: a, uropodal rami; b, penis; c, pleopod 1, 8; d, 

pleopod 2, 8, with apices of copulatory stylet enlarged; e, pereopod 1; / pereopod 4. 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

riorly, with middorsal granular-tuberculate 

raised area in anterior half. Pereonites 5-7 and 

pleotelson as in male. 

REMARKS.—Two species of Astacilla have been 

recorded from the Caribbean area, viz., A. cymodocea Menzies and Glynn and A. lasallae Paul 

and Menzies. The former seems to be an obligate 

epibiont of seagrasses, especially of Syringodium 

filiforme. The species is always bright green in 

life and lacks any integumental sculpturing. 

Astacilla lasallae was described from as single 

juvenile male (not a female as stated in the description), collected from Venezuela. This species lacks the conical pairs of tubercles on the 

head and the middorsal tubercles of the three 

posterior pereonites and first pleonite. The integument is not tuberculate as in similar-sized 

males of A. regina. 

Arcturella sawayae Moreira, 1973, described 

from a single ovigerous female from southern 

Brazil, very closely resembles the ovigerous female in the present collection, especially in the 

integumental sculpturing. The second antenna 

of the Brazilian species, however, is shorter than 

in A. regina, and the marsupial plate of pereonite 

4 is granulate, unlike the smooth plate of A. 

regina. The anterior pereopods (Moreira, 1973, 

figs. 5 and 6) agree well with those of Astacilla. 

Menzies and Kruczynski (1983) recorded two 

new species of Arcturella from the central west 

Florida shelf. (In spite of being assigned to the 

genus Arcturella, these species must be considered, as the confusion between Astacilla and Arcturella has yet to be resolved.) 

The holotype female of A. bispinata shows a 

body form and integumental sculpturing very 

different from the present species. The female 

of A. spinata, however, has integumental sculpturing very similar to Astacilla regina. The following differences serve to separate the two species: 

the antero- and posteromedian spines on pereonite 4 of the female are much stronger in A. spinata 

than in A. regina; the inner ramus of maxilla 2 

bears four stout setae in A. spinata, three in A. 

regina; the maxillipedal endite of A. spinata is 

distally more rounded and bears more fringed 

spines, than in A. regina; and the inner uropodal 

ramus bears three setae in A. spinata, two in A. 

regina. 

As the male pleopods of A. spinata were not 

figured, no useful speculation on the generic 

affinities of the Florida species can be made. 

Two of the samples from which A. regina was 

collected contained gorgonaceans, Muriceopsis cf. 

petila and Pseudopterogorgia sp. Whether this is a 

real association remains to be confirmed. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Regina Lewis, of Dangriga, Belize, longtime cook 

for the I MS WE project, as a small token of 

appreciation for her unflagging efforts in the 

kitchen. 

Suborder ASELLOTA 

Family STENETRHDAE 

Genus Stenetrium Has well, 1881 

Stenetrium bowmani, new species 

FIGURES 30, 31 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211293, 8, TL 5.0 mm, sta K-62, reef slope 

rubble, 5-8 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211294, 19 8, TL 3.8-6.0 

mm, 18 ovig 9, 3.2-5.2 mm, 24 9, 3.1-5.0 mm, 

sta H(81)-36, from Agaricia sp. from spur and 

groove zone, 9.1 m. USNM 211295, 9 8, TL 

3.3-5.1 mm, 3 ovig 9, 4.5-5.0 mm, 12 9, TL 

3.1-4.0 mm, 6 juvs, sta H(81)-4, from Halimeda 

sp. alga on fore reef, 15.2 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211296, 120 8, 

50 ovig 9, 112 9, 238 juvs, sta H(81)-3, H(81)-5, 

H(81)-6, H(81)-7, H(81)-16, H(81)-18, H(81)-19, 

H(81)-20, H(81)-21, H(81)-22, H(81)-23, H(81)-

24, H(81)-27, H(81)-39, H(81)-41, H(81)-42, 

H(81)-45, H(81)-49, H(81)-52, H(81)-53, H(81)-

54, H(81)-55, from Halimeda sp. alga, and Agaricia sp. and Porites sp. coral in fore reef slope and 

spur and groove zone, 1-15.2 mm. USNM 

211297, 34 8, 25 ovig 9, 38 9, 46 juvs, sta H(80)-

16, H(80)-26, H(80)-31, H(80)-32, H(80)-38, 
NUMBER 24 49 

FIGURE 30.—Stenetrium bowmani, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, 

antenna 2, peduncle; d, mandible; e, maxilla 1; / maxilla 2; g, maxilliped; h, pleopod 1, 8; i, 

pleopod 2, 8;j, operculum, 9; k, pleopod 3, 8; I, pleopod 4, 8; m, uropod. 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 31.—Stenetrium bowmani, new species: a, pereopod 1, 8; b, pereopod 1, 9; c, pereopod 7. 

H(80)-42, fore reef slope, 2-15 m. USNM 

211298, 26 8, 16 ovig 9, 18 9, 43 juvs, sta K-21, 

K-35, K-60, K-61, K-62, K-70, K-73, K-74, from 

rubble on outer reef slope, and on Halimeda sp. 

alga, 1-20 m. USNM 211299, 2 8, 1 9, sta 

CBC.4.5.74-3, from reef crest rubble, 0.5 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body about 3 times 

longer than wide, widest at pereonite 5. Head 

with dorsolateral eyes well pigmented, well raised 

above level of lateral margins; anterolateral lobes 

of head acutely triangular, outer margins serrate; 

frontal margin between acute antennal spines 

straight; rostrum convex, with fine marginal 

teeth. Anterolateral lobes of pereonites 1-4 

acute; posterodistal lobes of pereonites 5 and 6 

rounded, of pereonite 7 acute. Pleotelson wider 

than long, lateral margins with 5 strong teeth; 

posterior margin between uropodal bases convex. 

Antenna 1, basal segment broadest; elongate 
NUMBER 24 51 

simple setae on segments 1-3; flagellum of 14 

articles, single aesthetasc on each of 9 distal articles. Antenna 2 slightly longer than total body 

length; 2 basal peduncle segments short; segment 

3 longer than segments 1 and 2 together, bearing 

setose scale on outer margin; segment 4 about 14 

length of segment 3; segments 5 and 6 elongatecylindrical, segment 6 slightly longer than 5. 

Mouthparts typical of genus. Maxillipedal endite 

with 4 coupling hooks on mesial margin. Pereopod 1 large in mature male; merus slightly longer 

than carpus, posterodistal corner rounded, setose; carpus with fairly strong rounded setose 

posteriodistal lobe; propodus expanded, slightly 

longer than broad, anterior margin strongly convex and setose, posterior margin with dense 

fringe of setae; palm with 3 strong conical teeth, 

posterodistal tooth longest, narrower than 2 inner teeth; dactylus curved, strongly setose, extending well beyond posterodistal palmar tooth. 

Pereopods 2-7 similar, meri triangular, with anterodistal lobe bearing slender spine; carpi elongate-rectangular, subequal in length to propodi, 

both armed with short sensory spines on posterior margins; dactyli biunguiculate, 2 ungui 

equally strong, curved; strong accessory spine on 

posterior margin. Pleopod 1 proximally parallelsided, tapering for distal third to rounded apex; 

outer margin setose. Pleopod 2 typical of genus. 

Pleopod 3, outer ramus very broadly rounded, 

with transverse suture in distal half; inner ramus 

triangular, just reaching beyond suture of outer 

ramus, with 4 distal setae. Pleopod 4, outer ramus with transverse suture in proximal half, with 

row of 7 setae on outer distal margin, reaching 

apex of inner ramus; latter broadly oval. Uropod 

with basis shorter than rami; outer ramus shorter 

than inner, both with elongate simple setae. 

Female: Pereopod 1 shorter than following 

pereopods, merus with strong spine at anterodistal angle, posteriodistally setose; carpus 

slightly longer than merus, posterior margin 

strongly setose; propodus twice longer than wide; 

posterior margin strongly setose, junction of posterior margin and palm marked by strong fringed 

spine; palm almost straight, bearing row of finely 

serrate spines; dactylus with row of tiny spines 

on posterior margin. Pleonal operculum longer 

than wide, distally rounded. 

Color: Dorsal integument with small, scattered, red-brown chromatophores, with irregular open patches on head, pleon, and usually on 

pereonite 4; uropods with very fine chromatophores, and chalky-white patches at distal basis 

and apex of both rami. 

REMARKS.—Of the six species of Stenetrium 

occurring at Carrie Bow Cay, only 5. serratum 

Hansen and the present species possess a serrate 

pleotelson. Hansen's species has a very distinctive 

color pattern of very fine chromatophores, the 

double transverse band on the pleon being the 

most obvious feature. The more evenly scattered 

and larger chromatophores of 5. bowmani are 

very different from S. serratum. 

Pereopod 1 of the male in S. serratum has two 

spines (the outermost being the larger and 

curved) on the ill-defined propodal palm, 

whereas in S. bowmani, this appendage has a welldefined palm bearing three spines. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for the 

late Henry Bowman, Jr., of Dangriga, Belize, 

whose assistance to the IMSWE project and to 

the author was invaluable. 

Stenetrium minocule Menzies and Glynn, 1968 

FIGURE 32 

Stenetrium minocule Menzies and Glynn, 1968:72, fig. 

38A-E. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 211290, 8 8, 

15 9, 2 juvs, sta H(80)-7, H(80)-ll, H(80)-18, 

H(80)-22, H(80)-32, H(80)-35, H(80)-41, from 

fore reef slope, 15-36 m, from Thalassia seagrass, 1-2 m. USNM 211291, 4 8, 4 9, sta K-21, 

K-22, K-35, K-36, rubble from fore reef slope, 

11 -2 0 m. USNM 211292,1 ovig 9, 10 9, sta RC10, RC-96, RC-99, rubble from reef crest, 0.1 

m. 

REMARKS.—This species was described from 

the single female holotype (USNM 118355) 

taken from the intertidal of Laurel Reef, Puerto 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 32.—Stenetrium minocule Menzies and Glynn: a, pereopod 1,8; b, pereopod 1, 9. 

Rico. With a large collection now available from 

Belize, it was felt desirable to figure the first 

pereopod of the male and female. 

Stenetrium patulipalma, new species 

FIGURES 33, 34 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211284, ovig 9, TL 2.7 mm, sta H(81)-35, from 

Agaricia sp. coral in spur and groove zone, 9.1 

in. 

Paratypes: USNM 211285, 2 9, TL 2.0 mm, 

2.1 mm, sta H(80)-ll, H(80)-16, from fore reef 

slope, 27.4 m. USNM 211286, 8, TL 2.0 mm, 2 

ovig 9, TL 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 3 9, TL 1.8-2.0 

mm, sta H(81)-9, H(81)-l 1, H(81)-13, H(81)-32, 

from Agaricia sp., Madracis sp., and Porites sp. 

corals from fore reef slope, 9.1-15.2 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Ovigerous Female: Body 3-4 
NUMBER 24 53 

FIGURE 33.—Stenetrium patulipalma, new species: a, 9, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, maxilla 2; 

d, maxilliped; e, pereopod 7; / mandible; g, maxilla 1; h, pereopod 1, 9; i, antenna 2, 3 basal 

segments;/ uropod. 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 34.—Stenetrium patulipalma, new species: a, operculum, 9; b, pleopod 1, 8; c, pleopod 

2, 8; d, pleopod 3, 8; e, pleopod 2, 9; / pleopod 3, 9; g, pleopod 4. 

times longer than wide, widest at pereonite 1. 

Head with lateral margins entire, anterolateral 

process acutely triangular, frontal margin 

straight; narrow rostrum barely defined, anterior 

margin straight; eyes dorsolateral, of 10 ommatidia. Pereonites 1 and 2 widest anteriorly, with 

acutely triangular anterolateral angle. Pereonites 

3 and 4 with anterolateral angles rounded, 4 

narrower than 3; pereonites 5-7 with rounded 

posterolateral lobes. Pleon consisting of 1 free 

pleonite plus pleotelson; latter tapering posteriorly, with single lateral tooth at posterior third; 

posterior margin between lateral teeth very 

broadly rounded. 

Antenna 1 of 6 articles, basal article with mediodistal spine, article 2 with laterodistal spine; 

flagellum of 3 articles, 2 subterminal articles each 

with single aesthetasc, terminal article with 2 
NUMBER 24 55 

aesthetascs. Antenna 2 with only 3 basal segments present in all specimens; segment 2 with 

distally setose scale. Mouthparts typical of genus. 

Maxillipedal palp segments all relatively narrow; 

endite with 3 retinacula. Pereopod 1, carpus 

distally widened, with 3 irregular rows of spines 

on posterodistal margin; propodus very broad, 

widening distally, palm straight, bearing about 

12 short blunt sensory spines; demarked posterodistally by strong blunt sensory spine; dactylus 

curved, narrow, with short unguis and 3 subapical setae; row of short spines on posterior 

margin. Pereopods 2-7, propodi elongate-rectangular, with 3 slender sensory spines on posterior margin; dactyli biunguiculate, with slender 

sensory spine on posterior margin. Operculum 

bluntly triangular, with mediodistal slit reaching 

back Vi of total length. Pleopod 3, exopod ovate, 

biarticulate; endopod with 3 distal plumose setae. 

Pleopod 4, exopod uniramous, with single distal 

seta; endopod biarticulate, narrow, with 2 elongate distal plumose setae. Pleopod 5 uniramous, 

elongate-ovate. Uropod, outer ramus shorter 

than inner, both rami bearing elongate setae. 

Male: Single specimen lacking pereopod 1. 

Pleopod 1, sympod apparently indistinguishably 

fused with sternum; rami about 3 times longer 

than wide, widest at distal

 2/s, distal margin with 

few setae. Pleopod 2, inner ramus with 2 short 

spines near distal end of flexed tubular process. 

Pleopod 3 exopod very broad, biarticulate; endopod shorter than exopod, with 4 distal plumose setae. 

Color: Upper lip, bases of antenna 1 and antenna 2, dorsal head, pereon, and pleon with redbrown reticulation of pigment; darker transverse 

line in anterior of pereonites 2 and 3 and posterior of pereonites 4-7 . 

REMARKS.—Schultz (1982) diagnosed two new 

genera in the Stenetriidae, Tenupedunculus and 

Stenetrigus, in addition to describing another species of Protallocoxa. Th e latter has since been 

shown to be a true Stenetrium (Wilson, 1980). 

Many of the features used to separate Tenupedunculus from Stenetrium occur in the latter genus, e.g., lack of eyes, shape of the cephalic 

processes, somewhat elongate antenna 2 peduncle articles, and general body shape. Th e male 

and female pleopods (used to diagnose families 

and genera in the Asellota; see Amar, 1957) in 

Tenupedunculus are identicial to those of Stenetrium. Stenetrigus is separated from Stenetrium by 

the possession of eyes of few ommatidia, and the 

first male pleopod lacking a sympod. The present 

species (Stenetrium patulipalma) possesses eyes of 

10 ommatidia, not in the reniform arrangement 

common in Stenetrium. The rami of the male 

pleopod 1 appear entirely separate and originating on the sternum. This probably indicates a 

very reduced sympod and does not constitute a 

strong enough reason for separation from Stenetrium, especially as the pleopodal pattern is identical to the latter genus. For these reasons, the 

present species is placed in Stenetrium, and Tenupedunculus and Stenetrigus are regarded as synonyms of Stenetrium. The species is separated 

from the other Caribbean species, and indeed 

from all other Stenetrium, by the following combination of characters: color pattern, poorly defined rostrum, very broad posterior pleotelsonic 

margin, relatively large and broad first pereopods in the female, and the non-reniform arrangement of ommatidia in the eye. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin patulus (broad) plus palma 

(palm) and refers to the very broad propodus of 

pereopod 1. 

Stenetrium spathulicarpus, new species 

FIGURES 35, 36, 37d 

Stenetrium occidentale.—Menzies and Glynn, 1968:71, figs. 

34, 35 [not Hansen, 1904]. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211274, 8, TL 3.4 mm, sta H(81)-41, from Agaricia sp. coral from reef platform, 1-2 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211275, ovig 9, TL 4.1 mm, 

sta K-35, from rubble on outer reef slope, 20 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211276, 12 6\ TL 3.9-4.1 

mm, 5 ovig 9, TL 2.8-3.8 mm, 7 9, 5 juvs, sta 

K-35, from rubble on outer reef slope, 20 m. 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 35.—Stenetrium spathulicarpus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; 

c, mandible; d, maxilla 2; e, uropod;/ maxilla 1;g, maxilliped; h, pleopod l,8;i, pleopod 2, 8; 

/ pleopod 3, 6"; k, pleopod 4, 8; I, pleopod 5, 8; m, operculum, 9. 
NUMBER 24 57 

FIGURE 36.—Stenetrium spathulicarpus, new species: a, pereopod 1, 8, majority of setae 

omitted; b, pereopod 1, 9, some setae omitted; c, pereopod 7. 
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

USNM 211277, 10 8, TL 3.3-4.0 mm, 6 ovig 9, 

TL 3.0-3.9 mm, 17 juvs, sta CBC-4.5.74-3, from 

coral rubble on reef crest, 0.5 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211278, 170 8, 

112 ovig 9,1209,11 7 juvs, sta H(81 )-7, H(81 )-

8, H(81)-9, H(81)-10, H(81)-ll, H(81)-12, 

H(81)-13, H(81)-14, H(81)-15, H(81)-16, H(81)-

17, H(81)-19, H(81)-20, H(81)-21, H(81)-22, 

H(81)-26, H(81)-28, H(81)-29, H(81)-32, H(81)-

33, H(81)-35, H(81)-36, H(81)-38, H(81)-39, 

H(81)-40, H(81)-41, H(81)-42, H(81)-45, H(81)-

48, H(81)-49, H(81)-51, H(81)-54, H(81)-55, 

H(81)-57, from Agaricia sp., Madracis sp., and 

Porites sp. corals, and Halimeda sp. alga, on reef 

crest, spur and groove zone, and fore reef area, 

1-15.2 m. USNM 211279, 19 8, 12 ovig 9, 20 

9, 25 juvs, sta H(80)-ll, H(80)-22, H(80)-35, 

H(80)-36, H(80)-38, H(80)-39, H(80)-40, H(80)-

4 1 , H(80)-48, from Madracis sp. coral, and Halimeda sp. alga, from reef crest, fore reef slope, 

and Thalassia sp. seagrass, 1-36 m. USNM 

211280, 17 8, 8 ovig 9, 22 9, 21 juvs, sta K-35, 

K-36, K-38, K-99, K-133, K-135, K-136, K-137, 

K-144, from rubble on reef crest and fore reef 

slope, from Halimeda sp. alga, from lagoonal 

patch reef, from Caulerpa verticillata alga under 

red mangroves, 0.2-23, m. USNM 211281, 2 ct, 

1 9, sta CBC-7.5.74-1, from reef crest rubble, 

0.2 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body narrow, parallelsided, about 4 times longer than wide. Head with 

lateral margins entire, with short acute anterolateral corners, rounded antennal lobes; frontal 

margin straight, rostrum ill-defined, straight and 

narrow; dorsolateral eyes strongly pigmented, of 

about 16 ommatidia. Pereonite 1 with acutely 

triangular anterolateral lobe; pereonites 2 and 3 

with anterolateral corners narrowly and broadly 

rounded respectively. Pereonites 1-3 increasing 

in length posteriorly; pereonite 4 shortest. Pleon 

consisting of very short free anterior pleonite 

plus pleotelson, latter about as long as wide, with 

very slight posterior taper, lateral margin entire 

except for single strong tooth in posterior half; 

posterior margin between lateral teeth semicircular. 

Antenna 1 with flagellum of 9 articles, 7 distal 

articles each with single aesthetasc; elongate simple setae on peduncle segments 2 and 3. Mouthparts typical for genus. Maxillipedal endite distally broad, with 5 retinacula on medial margin. 

Pereopod 1 relatively large in mature male; anterodistal process of ischium and merus and posterodistal surface of merus densely setose; carpus 

strong distally rounded spoon-shaped posterodistal lobe reaching nearly to palm of propodus, 

bearing dense marginal setae, well separated 

from posterior margin of propodus, with 

rounded setose area along posterior propodal 

articulation; propodus longer than wide, anterior 

margin convex, palm with strong posterodistal 

tooth separated by large gap from 5 or 6 short 

teeth, medial surface with dense band of elongate 

simple setae near anterior margin; dactylus just 

extending beyond palm, but not reaching posterodistal carpal lobe; anterior margin with dense 

band of elongate setae, cutting edge with single 

row of short sensory spines. Ambulatory pereopods with triangular meri bearing strong anterodistal sensory spine; carpi with 2-3 slender sensory spines on posterior margins; propodi narrow-rectangular, with 4 slender sensory spines 

on posterior margins; dactyli biunguiculate, with 

additional single short spine or posterior margin. 

Pleopod 1, rami parallel-sided in proximal half, 

tapered and marginally sparsely setose in distal 

half. Pleopod 2 typical of genus. Pleopod 3, outer 

ramus very broad, biarticulate; inner ramus narrow, just reaching beyond base of distal exopod 

articulation, with 4 apical plumose setae. Pleopod 

4, outer ramus biarticulate, distal article triangular, with 8 plumose setae on outer distal margin; endopod of single article, shorter and 

broader than exopod. Pleopod 5 of single broad 

ramus, with 5 plumose setae on oblique-truncate 

distal margin. Uropod, inner ramus slightly 

longer and broader than outer, both bearing 

very elongate distal setae. 

Ovigerous Female: Pereopod 1 with dense 

clumps of simple setae on anterodistal and posterodistal part of merus and posterior margin of 

slightly produced and rounded carpal lobe; pro-
NUMBER 24 59 

podus longer than wide, with fairly dense elongate setae on posterior margin and inner anterior 

surface; straight propodal palm with strong posterodistal spine and row of very finely serrate 

slender spines; dactylus with row of short serrate 

spines on cutting margin. Pleonal operculum 

about

 lA longer than wide, distally narrowly 

rounded. 

Color: Head with dark brown anteromedially 

pointed band of pigment between eyes; anterior 

margin with narrow dark marginal band. Rostrum and labrum bearing fairly dense reticulation of pigment. Posterior half of head, all pereonites, and pleon with scattered thin reticulation of dorsal pigment, sometimes forming illdefined anterior and posterior transverse lines 

on pereonites. 

REMARKS.—The present species could be confused with a complex of three West Indian species, especially if mature male material were not 

available. These three species are S. stebbingi 

Richardson, 1902 (from Bermuda), 5. occidentale 

Hansen, 1904 (from St Thomas, West Indies), 

and S. antillense Hansen, 1904 (from West Indies, probably 100 fathoms). Re-examination of 

Menzies and Glynn's 1968 material from Puerto 

Rico shows it to be 5. spathulicarpus. Menzies 

and Glynn did suggest that the three earlier 

species might be conspecific, along with 5. medipacificum from Hawaii and S. gilbertense from the 

Gilbert Islands. The latter two species are almost 

certainly not closely related to the West Indian 

species. Examination of material of S. stebbingi 

(the name with priority) from Belize, as well as 

the types of the three earlier species, strongly 

suggests a single species, slightly variable in the 

structure of the male pereopod 1 (which in turn 

depends on the degree of maturity of the specimen). Menzies and Kruczynski (1983) do synonymize the three earlier species. 

Stenetrium spathulicarpus may be separated 

from S. stebbingi on several features (see following 

tabulation), which may be thought to be unduly 

subtle, but which are fully as obvious as features 

used in the past to define species of Stenetrium 

(e.g, see Kensley, 1980). 

Pigment pattern 

Eye shape 

Carpal lobe of 

pereopod 1 

Propodal palm 

Dactylus of 

pereopod 1 in 

mature 8 

S. stebbingi 

no band 

between eyes 

bunched 

apically acute 

barely defined 

overreaching 

carpal lobe apex 

5. spathulicarpus 

strong band 

between eyes 

narrow, curved 

apically rounded 

well defined 

not overreaching 

carpal lobe apex 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the Latin spathula (spoon) plus carpus 

(wrist) and refers to the carpal lobe of pereopod 

1 in the male. 

Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, 1902 

FIGURE 2>la-c 

Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson, 1902:295, pi. 39: figs. 46 -

49; 1905:444, figs. 499-501.—Hansen, 1904:325.— 

Menzies and Glynn, 1968:71.—Schultz, 1969:240, fig. 

377.—Menzies and Kruczynski, 1983:97, fig. 33. 

Stenetrium antillense Hansen, 1904:326, pi. 20: fig. 3, pi. 21: 

fig. 1.—Richardson, 1905:446, fig. 502.—Wolff, 

1962:25.—Menzies and Glynn, 1968:71.—Schultz, 

1969:240, fig. 376.—Menzies and Kruczynski, 1983:97. 

Stenetrium occidentale Hansen, 1904:324, pi. 20: fig. 2.— 

Richardson, 1905:441, fig. 498.—Wolff, 1962:25.— 

Menzies and Glynn, 1968:71, figs. 34, 35.—Schultz, 

1969:239, fig. 375.—Menzies and Kruczynski, 1983:97. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Syntypes: USNM 

24877, 4 8, Bermuda. USNM 24878, 3 9, Bermuda, 1-12 ft. USNM 211287, 8, sta H(80)-22, 

fore reef slope, 36 m. USNM 211288, 2 8, 4 9, 

1 juv, sta H(81)-33, H(81)-35, H(81)-36, from 

Agaricia sp. coral in spur and groove zone, 9.1 

m. USNM 211289, 4 8, ovig 9, 3 9, 4 juvs, sta K136, from Halimeda sp. on patch reef, 6 m. 

Additional Material: Lectotype 8 of 5. antillense, Copenhagen Museum, West Indies, in 

coral, 100 fms (50 m). Lectotype 8 of S. occidentale, Copenhagen Museum, St. Thomas, West 

Indies, 12-15 fms (6-7.5 m). 

REMARKS.—The distal part of pereopod 1 of 

a syntype male of 5. stebbingi and of the lectotype 

male of 5. antillense and S. occidentale are illustrated in Figure 37. 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 37.—Stenetrium stebbingi Richardson: a, pereopod 1, lectotype 8 of 5. antillense; b, 

pereopod 1, syntype of S. stebbingi; c, pereopod 1, lectotype 8 of S. occidentale. Stenetrium 

spathulicarpus: d, pereopod 1, 8. (Setae omitted on all figures.) 
NUMBER 24 61 

Family JANIRIDAE 

Genus Bagatus Nobili, 1906 

Bagatus punctatus, new species 

FIGURES 38, 39 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211300, 8, TL 2.1 mm, sta H(81)-49, from Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 1-2 m. 

Allotype: USNM 211301, ovig 9, TL 2.8 mm, 

sta H(81)-48, from Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 

1-2 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211302, 2 8, TL 1.9-2.0 

mm, 1 ovig 9, TL 2.3 mm, sta H(81)-48, from 

Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 1-2 m. USNM 

211303, ovig 9, TL 2.2 mm, 2 9, 1.9-2.0 mm, 

sta H(81)-49, from Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 

1-2 m. USNM 211304,8, TL 2.2 mm, sta H(81)-

52, from Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 1-2 m. 

USNM 211305, 3 8, TL 2.0-2.2, 2 ovig 9, TL 

2.5-2.6 mm, sta CBC-15.1.76-2, rubble from 

reef crest, 0.1 m. 

Additional Material: USNM 211306, 3 8, 2 

ovig 9, 1 9, sta RC-3, RC-18, RC-84, RC-97, reef 

crest rubble, 0.1 m. USNM 211307, 3 ovig 9, 1 

9, sta H(81)-9, H(81)-16, H(81)-50, from Porites 

sp. and Agaricia sp. corals on fore reef, 1-15.2 

m. USNM 211308, 1 8, 3 9, sta H(80)-6, Glovers 

Reef, Belize, 0-3 m. USNM 211309, 1 8, 3 9, 

sta CBC-14.1.76-3, reef crest rubble, 0.1 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 2.5 times longer 

than wide, widest at pereonite 6. Head with 

frontal margin gently convex; anterolateral corners rounded; lateral margins entire; well-pigmented dorsolateral eyes. Pereonites widening 

very slightly posteriorly; pereonite 1, anterolateral corner acute, all other pereonites rounded. 

Coxae visible on all pereonites. Pleotelson wider 

than long; lateral margins tapering posteriorly, 

concave at uropodal insertions, broadly rounded 

between uropods. 

Antenna 1 of 7 articles, 2 distal articles each 

with single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 with short setose scale on peduncle segment 2, 3 proximal 

segments short, 2 distal segments elongate, segment 5 slightly longer than 4; flagellum of 24 

setose articles. Mandibular palp, segment 2 bearing 3 distal fringed spines; terminal segment 

curved, with 11 spines, distal 5 becoming progressively longer; molar distally broadly truncate; incisor of 6 cusps; 6 spines in spine row. 

Maxilla 1, inner ramus with 4 simple spines; 

outer ramus with 10 serrate spines. Maxilla 2, 

inner ramus with dense simple and serrate spines; 

inner lobe of outer ramus with 3 spines, outer 

lobe with 4 spines. Maxillipedal endite with 2 

retinacula on medial margin, distal margin with 

about 12 fringed setae; 3 basal palp segments 

broad, 2 distal segments narrow. Pereopod 1, 

carpus 1.5 times longer than wide, with strong 

posterodistal triangular process and strong 

rounded lobe on distal margin, numerous setae 

on posterior margin; propodus curved, longer 

than distal carpal margin, with 3 rounded processes on posterior margin; dactylus short, biunguiculate. Pereopods 2-7 similar, carpi and propodi with 2 and 3 sensory spines respectively on 

posterior margin; dactyli biunguiculate. Pleopod 

1, outer lobe of ramus narrowly acute, extending 

well beyond broadly angular inner setose lobe. 

Pleopod 2, inner ramus narrowly tapering, 

reaching beyond broadly rounded outer ramus, 

latter bearing 7 distal setae. Pleopod 3, inner 

ramus about VA times width of outer ramus, 

with 3 strong distal plumose setae; outer ramus 

with 4 simple distal setae, outer margin densely 

setulose. Uropodal peduncle slightly shorter than 

outer ramus, latter slightly shorter than inner 

ramus; rami tapering, with elongate distal setae. 

Ovigerous Female: Pereopod 1, carpus broadest at midlength, lacking free distal margin; posterior margin armed with about 12 strong sensory spines; propodus lacking armature on posterior margin except for single posterodistal sensory spine; dactylus biunguiculate. Operculum 

slightly broader than long, distal margin broadly 

bilobed, setose. 

Color: Large dark-brown chromatophores on 

antennal peduncles, upper lip, and uropods. Entire dorsum of body with dense chromatophores 

in patchy and reticulate arrangement. 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 38.—Bagatus punctatus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, 

antenna 2; d, mandible; e, uropod;/ maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, maxilliped. 
NUMBER 24 63 

FIGURE 39.—Bagatus punctatus, new species: a, pereopod 1, 8; b, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 7; 

d, pleopod 1,8; e, pleopod 2, 8;f, pleopod 3, 8; g, operculum, 9. 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

REMARKS.—Pires (1982), in a revision of Bagatus, divided the 12 species into two groups 

based on the structure of the male pereopod 1 

and pleopod 2. Th e sympod of pleopod 2 is 

setose, a feature of the "stylodactylus" group. 

Based on pereopod 1 structure, however, the 

present species falls into the "minutus" group 

and closely resembles B. brucei Monod, from the 

Indo-West Pacific. The two species can be separated by the pleotelson structure (posteriorly 

more strongly produced in B. punctatus), the 

male pereopod 1 (inner carpal tooth rounded in 

B. punctatus, acute in B. brucei; propodus with 

two teeth in B. brucei, three in B. punctatus), and 

pleopod 1 in the male (the inner distal lobe is 

barely demarked in B. brucei, well demarked and 

angular in B. punctatus). The latter bears little 

resemblance to any of the species previously recorded from the western Atlantic. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet refers to 

the large, dark-brown dorsal chromatophores of 

both the male and the female. 

Family MICROPARASELLIDAE 

Genus Angliera Chapuis and DelamereDeboutteville, 1955 

Angliera psamathus, new species 

FIGURE 40 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211322, 8, TL 1.0 mm, from interstitial water, 

intertidal sand bank, east side of Carrie Bow Cay. 

Paratypes: USNM 211323, 8 8, TL 1.0 mm, 

2 ovig 9, TL 1.0 mm, 6 9, TL 1.0 mm, from 

interstitial water, intertidal sand bank, east side 

of Carrie Bow Cay. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 7 times longer 

than wide, widest in anterior head region. Head 

with anterior margin faintly trilobed, about twice 

length of pereonite 1. Pereopodal insertions anterodorsal in pereonites 1-4, posterodorsal in 

pereonites 5-7. Pleon of 1 free segment,

 XA middorsal length of pleotelson; latter about 1 Vi times 

longer than wide; posterior margin with low middorsal concavity. 

Antenna 1 of 7 articles, articles 1 and 2 longest; 2 distal articles each with single aesthetasc. 

Antenna 2, peduncle of 5 articles, subequal in 

length to flagellum of 8 articles. Mandibular palp 

3-articulate, articles decreasing in length and 

width distally; terminal article strongly hooked; 

masticatory processes directed mediolaterally, 

asymmetrical; right mandible with 2 outer fixed 

spinose teeth and 2 inner articulated spinose 

teeth; left mandible with 3 fixed and 1 mobile 

spinose teeth. Maxilla 1, inner lobe broadly oval, 

with 4 elongate simple setae medially and 9 

shorter fringed setae mediodistally; outer ramus 

with 10 sinuous distally pectinate spines, 1 simple, 1 fringed, and 1 distally pectinate spine near 

mediodistal angle. Maxilla 2, inner ramus basally 

curved, with 3 elongate fringed and 2 simple 

apical setae, 3 elongate fringed setae on medial 

margin; inner lobe of outer ramus somewhat 

longer than outer, both bearing 4 elongate 

fringed setae distally. Maxilliped with 4-articulate palp, basal article about twice longer than 

wide, with inner distal angle acute; article 2 Vi 

length of 3; latter nearly 3 times longer than 

wide; distal article with broadly cylindrical proximal part and tapering curved spinulose distal 

part; endite broadly truncate, inner distal angle 

right-angled; medial margin with 2 coupling 

hooks, with single elongate fringed seta nearby, 

5 more distal fringed setae; distal margin bearing 

6 basally stout and distally whip-like fringed setae, and single distolateral slender seta. Pereopod 

1 shorter than following legs; carpus with single 

sensory spine on posterior margin; propodus distally broader than proximally, with single posterodistal sensory spine; dactylus with 4 hooked 

ungui, distalmost longest. Pleopod 1 basally 

broad, fused with triangular medial structure, 

tapering somewhat, lobes distally broadly 

rounded. Pleopod 2 with outer ramus appearing 

distally hooded; inner ramus with fine whip-like 

distal part. Uropod biramous, inner (distal) ramus subequal in length to peduncle; outer lateral 

ramus Vi length of inner. 

Female: Operculum 1 Vi wider than long, distally broadly bilobed. 

REMARKS.—With Stock's (1977) description 
NUMBER 24 65 

FIGURE 40.—Angliera psamathus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 2; c, 

antenna 1; d, mandibles; e, maxilliped;/ maxilla 1; g, maxilla 2; h, pleopod 1,8; i, pleopod 2, 

8;j, uropod; k, operculum, 9; /, pereopod 1; m, pereopod 7. 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

of Angliera dubitans from Bonaire, six species 

and subspecies of this genus had been described. 

As Stock (1977) noted, differences between species, and especially between A. racovitzai from 

Cuba and A. dubitans, are subtle. The present 

species differs from the Bonaire species in five 

features: the outer ramus of the male pleopod 2 

appears hooded in A. psamathus but not in A. 

dubitans; the distal margin of the maxillipedal 

endite bears five setae in A. dubitans, seven in A. 

psamathus; the outer ramus of maxilla 1 bears 10 

rather than nine distally pectinate spines in A. 

psamathus; the pereopods are relatively more 

slender and elongate in the Belize species; and 

the inner uropodal ramus is subequal in length 

to the peduncle in A. psamathus, longer than the 

peduncle in A. dubitans. 

Differences from the Cuban species may be 

seen in the maxillipedal palp (the terminal clawlike part of the last segment being more demarked in A. psamathus) and in the posterior 

pereopods (A. racovitzai lacks a small claw dorsal 

to the main dactylar claw). 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the Greek psamathos (sand of the seashore) 

and refers to the habitat of the species. 

Genus Microcharon Karaman, 1934 

Microcharon sabulum, new species 

FIGURE 41 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211324, 9, TL 1.4 mm, interstitial, from coarse 

calcareous intertidal sand on east side of Carrie 

Bow Cay. 

Paratypes: USNM 211325, I7d\ TL 1.0-1.4 

mm, 12 9, TL 1.0-1.5 mm, interstitial, from 

coarse calcareous sand, east side of Carrie Bow 

Cay. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 7.5 times longer 

than wide, widest at head midlength. Rostrum 

narrowly rounded. Pleon consisting of 1 short 

pleonite plus pleotelson; latter posteriorly trilobed. 

Antenna 1, of 5 articles, distal article having 

single aesthetasc. Antenna 2 with strong scale on 

peduncle article 3; article 3 short; articles 5 and 

6 elongate, subequal; flagellum of 8 articles. 

Mandibular palp 3-segmented, segment 2 longest, bearing 2 distal fringed spines on outer margin; segment 3, median margin convex, with 

strong terminal and 3 shorter fringed spines on 

outer margin; incisor of 4 cusps; lacinia mobilis 

strong, multidentate; spine row with 2 serrate 

and several fine simple spines. Maxilla 1, inner 

ramus slender, with simple distal setae; outer 

ramus with 11 apical spines. Maxilla 2, inner 

ramus with several simple spines and 1 strongly 

pectinate spine; 2 lobes of outer ramus each 

bearing 4 elongate spines. Maxillipedal palp with 

segments 2 and 3 expanded; endite with 7 setae 

on rounded distal margin; 2 coupling hooks on 

mesial margin. Pereopod 1, propodus curvedrectangular, with 2 sensory spines on posterior 

margin; dactylus biunguiculate. Pereopod 7, carpus with single posterior sensory spine; propodus 

with 2 posterior sensory spines; dactylus biunguiculate. Pleopod 1, lobes of ramus distally 

evenly convex, sparsely setose. Pleopod 2, apex 

of outer ramus narrowly rounded. Pleopod 3, 

endopod bearing 3 plumose setae; narrow expod 

biarticulate, with single distal seta. Uropodal peduncle equal to pleotelson in length; outer ramus 

bearing 2 apical setae,

 2A length of outer ramus; 

latter with about 9 distal setae. 

Female: Operculum broadly oval, with distal 

margin very faintly indented. 

REMARKS.—As with all the true marine species 

of Microcharon, the present species possesses a 5-

articulate antenna 1, a third pleopod bearing 

three plumose setae, short pereopodal dactyli, 

and a strongly pectinate spine on the inner ramus 

of maxilla 2. 

Two species of Microcharon have been described from the Caribbean area: M. phreaticus 

Coineau and Botosaneanu, 1973, from Cuba, 

and M. herrerai Stock, 1977, from Bonaire. The 

former, a freshwater interstitial form, lacks plumose setae on pleopod 3, has relatively elongate 

pereopodal dactyli, and lacks a strongly pectinate 
NUMBER 24 67 

FIGURE 41.—Microcharon sabulum, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 2; c, 

antenna 1; d, maxilla 1; e, maxilliped;/ mandible; g, maxilla 2; h, pleopod 3, 8; i, pleopod 1, 

8;j, uropod; k, pleopod 2, 8; I, pereopod 1; m, pereopod 7. 
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

spine on the inner ramus of maxilla 2. Th e latter 

species, from oligo- and mesohaline wells, differs 

in several characters from M. sabulum, especially 

in the shape of pleopods 2 and 3 of the male, in 

having nine (rather than eight) antenna 2 flagellar articles, a relatively longer antenna 1, and 

in having more slender uropodal rami. 

Of the other species of Microcharon possessing 

a 5-articulate antenna 1, M. kirghisicus has the 

typical attributes of a freshwater species; M. harrisi from England has nine antenna 2 flagellar 

articles and more slender uropodal rami; M. galapagoensis has a rounded rostrum, 12 antenna 2 

flagellar articles, and the uropodal peduncle 

shorter than the pleotelson. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet, proposed 

as a noun, is from the Latin sabulum (coarse sand) 

and refers to the habitat of the species. 

Family JOEROPSIPIDAE 

Genus Joeropsis Koehler, 1885 

Key to the Species of Joeropsis 

(From the Carribbean, Bermuda, and Florida) 

1. Lateral margins of head serrate; rostrum triangula r 

J. personatus, new species 

Lateral margins of head entire; rostrum not triangular 2 

2. Body glabrous; pigment in 2 strong bands on head and pereonite 4; apex 

of 9 operculum blunt J. bifasciatus, new species 

Body setose; pigment in reticulation on entire body; apex of 9 operculum 

acute 3 

3. Rostrum evenly convex; antenna 2, flagellum of 3 articles; outer uropodal 

ramus longer than inner J. rathbunae 

Rostrum anteriorly shallowly notched; antenna 2, flagellum of 5 articles; 

outer uropodal ramus shorter than inner J. coralicola 

Joeropsis bifasciatus, new species 

FIGURE 42 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

21131 1,6, TL 1.9 mm, sta H(81)-38, from Agaricia sp. coral on reef platform, 1-2 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211312, 3 8, TL 1.4-1.8 

mm, 6 9, TL 1.9-2.0 mm, sta H(81)-22, H(81)-

38, H(81)-53, H(81)-54, from Halimeda sp. alga, 

and Agaricia sp. and Porites sp. corals on reef 

platform, 1-2 m. USNM 211313, 2 8, TL 2.0-

2.5 mm, 3 ovig 9, TL 2.0-2.4 mm, 3 juvs, sta 

H(80)-26, from rubble on fore reef slope, 3-6 

m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 3 times longer 

than wide, parallel-sided. Rostrum semicircular, 

with transparent border of spine-scales, with 

weak anterior concavity (giving faintly bilobed 

appearance if viewed oblique-dorsally); flanked 

by rounded lobes of anterior margin of head. 

Anterolateral angle of head acute; lateral margins entire; eyes dorsolateral, well pigmented. 

Pereonites close-set, anterolateral angles of pereonites 1-4, and posterolateral angles of pereonites 5-7 rounded; lateral margins entire. Pleotelson slightly wider than long, lateral margin with 

6 teeth; posterior margin between uropodal 

notches triangular, apex broadly rounded. 

Antenna 1, basal article longest and widest, 

with strong spine on mediodistal angle; outer 

distal angle bearing transparent dentate flange; 

articles 2-4 each with short distal spine on inner 
NUMBER 24 69 

FIGURE 42.—Joeropsis bifasciatus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, rostrum; c, 

antenna 1; d, antenna 2; e, uropod; / operculum, 9; g, pleopod 1,8; h, pleopod 2, 8; i, pleopod 

3,6. 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

and outer angles; articles 3 and 4 subequal; terminal article with 3 aesthetascs and few simple 

setae. Antenna 2, article 4 longest and widest, 

with flange of transparent scales on outer margin; flagellum of 8 setose articles. Mouthparts 

and pereopods typical for genus. Pleopod 1, rami 

fused for about

 3/4 length, inner distal lobe setose, 

convex, lateral lobe short, rounded. Pleopod 2, 

outer distal setose margin slightly concave; distal 

angle acute. Pleopod 3, endopod with 3 distal 

plumose setae; exopod biarticulate, outer margins setulose. Uropod with mediodistal angle flattened, triangular, acute; inner ramus 3 times 

longer than outer ramus, both rami bearing short 

and long setae. 

Female: Operculum, proximal half with 

slightly convex margins, distal half tapering to 

apex, faintly concave, setose. 

Color: Broad brown-black pigment patch on 

most of dorsum of head between eyes. Most of 

dorsum of pereonite 4 with broad brown-black 

band of pigment. 

REMARKS.—This species may be separated 

from its congeners at Carrie Bow Cay by the 

characters used in the key. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet refers to 

the two dorsal bands of pigment seen in fresh 

material. 

Joeropsis coralicola Schultz and McCloskey 

FIGURE 43 

Jaeropsis [sic] coralicola Schultz and McCloskey, 1967:103, 

figs. 1-20.—Schultz, 1969:284, fig. 452. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

133595,c?. 

Allotype: USNM 113596, 9. 

Paratypes: USNM 113597, 6 8, 2 ovig 9, 2 9, 

from coral Oculina arbuscula, off Cape Lookout, 

North Carolina. 

Additional Material: FMG.I.247998181012-

B-2, 10 8, 7 ovig 9, 6 9, Florida Middle Grounds, 

28°36'02"N, 84°15'36"W, 85-105 ft (25.7-

31.8 m). FMG.I.247998181013B-2, 5 8, Florida 

Middle Grounds, 28°36'02"N, 84°15'36"W, 

85-105ft (25.7-31.8m). FMG.1.247998181012-

B-6, 2 8, 5 ovig 9, 5 9, Florida Middle Grounds, 

28°36'02"N, 84°15'36"W, 85-105 ft (25.7-

31.8 m). FMG.I.491998181016F-3, 5 8, 2 ovig 

9, 2 9, 28°27'18"N, 84°17'02"W, 95-110 ft 

(28.7-33.3 m). 

REMARKS.—Re-examination of the type material of J. coralicola shows that the rostrum is 

indented anteriorly and bears a border of spinescales, the basal article of antenna 1 has a transparent dentate flange, and the lateral pleotelsonic margins are dentate. Th e strong spines 

figured on the uropod (Schultz and McCloskey, 

1967, fig. 20) are perhaps exaggerated, there 

being much finer scales present in all the material 

examined. 

The species was first collected from the coral 

Oculina arbuscula off Cape Lookout, North Carolina (depth not recorded). The material from 

the Florida Middle Grounds came from the 

sponge Agelas sp. and the coral Madracis, from 

depths of 25-33 m. 

Joeropsis personatus, new species 

FIGURE 44 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211313, 8, TL 2.2 mm, sta H(81)-29, from Porites sp. coral in spur and groove zone, 9.1 m. 

Paratypes: USNM 211314, 4 6\ TL 2.0-2.1 

mm, 1 ovig 9, TL 1.9 mm, 2 9, TL 1.9-2.0 mm, 

sta H(81)-10, H(81)-25, H(81)-27, H(81)-51, 

from Porites sp. coral on reef flat, 1-2 m, from 

Halimeda sp. alga, and Madracis sp. coral in spur 

and groove zone, 15.2 m. USNM 211315, 6\ TL 

2.0 mm, 2 ovig 9, TL 1.8-1.9 mm, 3 9, TL 1.9-

2.0 mm, 1 juv, sta K-35, K-65, K-136, from 

rubble and Halimeda sp. alga in spur and groove 

zone, 6-20 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body almost 4 times 

longer than wide, widest at pereonites 2 and 3. 

Head with triangular rostrum with lateral margins finely serrate, apex finely bifid; lateral margins serrate, anterolateral angle acute. Eyes 

small, dorsolateral. Pereonites 1-3 with anterolateral angles acute; lateral margins of all pereonites finely serrulate. Pleotelson slightly broader 
NUMBER 24 71 

J h 

FIGURE 43.—Joeropsis coralicola Schultz and McCloskey: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 

1; c, antenna 2; d, operculum, 9; e, uropod; / pleopod 1,8; g, pleopod 2, 6; h, pleopod 3, 8. 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 44.—Joeropsis personatus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, 

antenna 2; d, uropod; e, pleopod 1, 8;f, pleopod 2, 8; g, pleopod 3, 6; h, operculum, 9. 
NUMBER 24 73 

than long; lateral margins with 7 or 8 teeth; 

posterior margin between uropodal notches triangular, apically narrowly rounded. 

Antenna 1, basal article broader and longer 

than following articles, outer distal margin bearing strongly serrate flange, inner distal angle 

acute; article 2 with tooth on outer distal margin; 

articles 3 and 4 subequal in length, each with 

acute tooth at inner and outer distal angles; distal 

article bearing 3 aesthetascs and several simple 

setae. Antenna 2, article 4 longest and broadest, 

outer margin bearing row of transparent contiguous scales; flagellum of 5 setose articles. Mouthparts and pereopods typical of genus. Pleopod 1, 

rami fused for

 2A length; distal inner rounded 

lobe bearing 9 or 10 setae; lateral lobe hardly 

developed. Pleopod 2, exopod with outer margin 

distally setose. Pleopod 3, endopod with 3 plumose setae, exopod of 2 articles, with setulose 

outer margins. Uropod with inner distal angle 

bearing strong curved hook-spine; inner ramus 

twice length of outer, both bearing short and 

long simple setae. 

Female: Operculum shield-shaped, tapering 

to acute apex in distal Vi. 

Color: Head with dark-brown patch covering 

most of dorsum between eyes; pereonites with 

faint-brown dorsal reticulation; pleon with most 

of central dorsum with dense-brown reticulation. 

In preserved specimens, usually only the dark 

patch on the head is apparent. 

REMARKS.—The species may be separated 

from its congeners at Carrie Bow Cay by the 

characters used in the key. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is from the 

Latin personatus (masked) and refers to the dark 

pigment patch on the head. 

Joeropsis rathbunae Richardson 

FIGURE 45 

Jaeropsis [sic] rathbunae Richardson, 1902:298, pi. 40: figs. 

53-55; 1905:478, fig. 537.—Schultz and McCloskey, 

1967:103, 107.—Menzies and Glynn, 1968:13, 14, fig. 

36A-C—Schultz , 1969:286, fig. 454.—Menzies and 

Kruczynski, 1983:95, fig. 32. 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Syntype: USNM 

24870, 8, Bermuda. 

Additional Material: USNM 119368, ovig 9, 

Puerto Rico, USNM 170855, 2 8, ovig 9, 2 9, 

west of Sanibel Island, Florida, 55 m USNM 

211316, 38 8, 28 ovig 9, 21 9, 7 juvs, sta H(81)-

9, H(81)-12, H(81)-13, H(81)-15, H(81)-17, 

H(81)-18, H(81)-23, H(81)-27, H(81)-29, H(81)-

30, H(81)-32, H(81)-33, H(81)-34, H(81)-35, 

H(81)-36, H(81)-38, H(81)-39, H(81)-40, H(81)-

4 1, H(81)-42, H(81)-54, H(81)-57, rubble from 

reef crest, reef slope and spur and groove zone, 

0-15.2 m. USNM 211317, 10 8, 2 ovig 9, 9 9, 

sta H(80)-22, H(80)-26, H(80)-32, H(80)-41, 

outer reef slope, 15-36 m. USNM 211318, 2 8, 

sta FLK-1, Looe Key, Florida, rubble from 0.5 

m. 

REMARKS.—Schultz and McCloskey (1967; 

and again noted in Schultz, 1969) examined the 

Peabody Museum syntype of J. rathbunae and 

noted the presence of four lateral pleotelsonic 

teeth. Richardson (1902) had incorrectly illustrated the pleon as being entire. Re-examination 

of the USNM syntype confirms the presence of 

at least four lateral pleotelsonic teeth. 

Menzies and Glynn (1968) figured the rostrum 

ofy. rathbunae from Puerto Rico as being evenly 

convex, with a dentate transparent border, and 

the basal article of antenna 1 as being dentate. 

In the rostrum, the basal article of antenna 1, 

and the pleonal margins of these teeth, being 

transparant, may easily be overlooked and are 

equally dislodged. For these reasons the species 

is again figured. 

Family MUNNIDAE 

Genus Munna Kr0yer, 1839 

Munna petronastes, new species 

FIGURES 46, 47 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211319,6\TL1. 1 mm, sta H(81)-38, from Agaricia sp. coral on reef platform, 1-2 m. 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

g 

FIGURE 45.—Joeropsis rathbunae Richardson: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 2; c, 

antenna ; d, operculum, 9; e, pleopod 1, 8;f, pleopod 2, 8; g, pleopod 3, 8; h, uropod. 
NUMBER 24 75 

FIGURE 46.—Munna petronastes, new species: a, 8, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, mandible; d, 

maxilliped; e, maxilla 1; / maxilla 2; g, operculum, 9; h, uropod; i, pleopod 1, 8;j, pleopod 2, 

8; k, pleopod 3, 8; I, pleopod 4, 8. 
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 47.—Munna petronastes, new species: a, pereopod 1, 9; b, pereopod 1, 8; c, pereopod 

7; d, antenna 2. 
NUMBER 24 77 

Paratypes: USNM 211320, 9 8, TL 1.0-1.1 

mm, 5 ovig 9, TL 1.0 mm, 59, TL 0.9-1.0 mm, 

sta H(81)-38, H(81)-40, H(81)-49, H(81)-54, 

from Agaricia sp. and Porites sp. corals on reef 

platform, 1-2 m. USNM 211321, 3 9, TL 0.9-

1.0 mm, sta K-132, from Agaricia sp. coral on 

lagoonal patch reef, 0-1 m. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 2.5 times longer 

than wide, widest at pereonite 1; latter swollen 

to accommodate musculature of pereopod 1. 

Head with straight anterior margin; eyes of 3 

ommatidia, on short stalk. Pereonite 2 overlapping pereonite 1 posterolaterally; pereonite 7 

overlapped by pereonite 6 and by anterior pleon. 

Pleon of 1 short segment plus pyriform globose 

pleotelson; latter longer than wide, posteriorly 

rounded. 

Antenna 1 of 7 articles, distal 5 articles narrow; 

single aesthetasc on 2 distal articles. Antenna 2 

with 3 short basal peduncle articles and 2 distal 

subequal elongate articles; flagellum of 18 very 

slender articles. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, 

segment 2 longest, with 3 distal fringed spines; 

terminal segment half length of segment 2, with 

2 distal fringed spines; incisor of 4 cusps; lacinia 

mobilis of 4 cusps; 4 serrate spines in spine row; 

molar distally truncate, marginally serrate. Maxilla 1, inner ramus with 3 stout setulose apical 

spines; outer ramus with about 11 distal serrate 

apical spines. Maxilla 2, inner ramus with several 

simple and fringed spines on mediodistal margin; 

both lobes of outer ramus with 4 distal elongate 

spines. Maxilliped, palp with article 2 longest and 

widest, all 5 articles setose; endite with 3 retinacula on medial margin; distal margin truncate, 

with short spine at mediodistal angle, 5 fringed 

spines and 3 feather spines on distal margin. 

Pereopod 1 very robust, longer than medial body 

length when extended; merus widening distally, 

with single sensory spine near anterior margin; 

carpus widening distally, with single spine at anterodistal angle, posterodistal angle produced 

into strong bidentate process; propodus with posterior margin having hyaline flange produced 

into 2 low proximal and 1 broad distal truncate 

teeth; dactylus elongate-slender, about 11 times 

longer than basal width, excluding unguis; latter 

slender, spine-like, about

 lA length of dactylus. 

Pereopods 2-7 elongate-slender, with sensory 

spines on anterior and posterior margins of carpi 

and propodi; dactyli biunguiculate, ungui slender. Pleopod 1, rami fused for about

 2A of length, 

inner distal lobe evenly rounded, bearing 7 setae; 

outer lobe short, triangular. Pleopod 2, outer 

surface of outer ramus with setae and 2 strong 

sensory spines, distally narrowly rounded; slender tapering part of inner ramus just extending 

beyond apex of outer ramus. Pleopod 3, both 

rami biarticulate, outer ramus with single apical 

seta and several setae on anterior surface; inner 

ramus just reaching beyond basal article of outer 

ramus, with 3 distal plumose setae. Pleopod 4, 

both rami biarticulate, outer ramus broadly triangular; inner ramus slender, tipped with 2 plumose setae. Uropod of 2 rami, longer bearing 2 

simple spines and 4 sensory setae; smaller ramus 

about 'A length of larger, tipped with single 

setae. 

Female: Body ovate, widest at pereonite 4; 

pereonite 1 not enlarged as in male. Pereopod 1 

shorter than following legs; carpus widening distally, with single sensory spine at anterodistal 

angle, 4 sensory spines on posterior margin; propodus widest at midlength, with 2 sensory spines 

on posterior margin, 1 spine at anterodistal angle; dactylus biunguiculate, anterior unguis 

longer than posterior, both slender. Pleonal operculum slightly wider than long, outer surface 

setose, distally broadly rounded. 

Color: Head and pleon chalky-white; dorsal 

yoke of red-brown pigment on 2 or 3 anterior 

pereonites; 2 anteriorly diverging bars of pigment on posterior 3 pereonites and pleonite 1; 

dark spot on distolateral pleotelson. 

REMARKS.—All three species of Munna that 

have been recorded from the general Caribbean 

area or from adjacent areas (M. reynoldsi from 

Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, and the Panama 

Canal; M. hayesi from Texas; and M. santaluciae 

from the Rio de la Plata) lack a mandibular palp. 

This immediately separates them from the present species. 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Munna petronastes is structurally similar to a 

group of species that includes M. maculata, M. 

antarctica, and M. neglecta, and which is characterized by a grossly enlarged pereopod 1 in the 

male and the presence of a mandibular palp (see 

Amar and Roman, 1974). 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived 

from the Greek peros (rock) plus nastes (dweller) 

and refers to the reef-dwelling habit of the species. 

Suborder MICROCERBERIDEA 

Family MICROCERBERIDAE 

Genus Microcerberus Karaman, 1933 

Microcerberus syrticus, new species 

FIGURE 48 

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: USNM 

211326, 8, TL 1.1 mm, interstitial, from intertidal coarse calcareous sand, east side of Carrie 

Bow Cay. 

Paratypes: USNM 211327, 66\ TL 1.0-1.1 

mm, 8 9, TL 0.9-1.1 mm, interstitial, from intertidal coarse calcareous sand, east side of Carrie 

Bow Cay. 

DESCRIPTION.—Male: Body 9 times longer 

than wide, widest at anterior pereonite 1. Head 

about 1 lA times longer than wide, with truncate 

anterior margin, lateral margins evenly convex. 

Pereonite 1 with anterolateral lobes acute. Pereonites 2-4 subequal in length, with tergal plates 

anteriorly rounded, lateral plates acutely triangular. Pereonites 5-7 becoming longer and 

wider than preceding segments, each with triangular posterior tergal point mesial to pereopodal 

articulation. Pleon consisting of 2 free anterior 

segments plus pleotelson; pleonite 1 about half 

length of pleonite 2; pleotelson VA times longer 

than pleonite 2, posterior margin faintly sinuous. 

Antenna 1 of 5 articles, terminal article bearing few setae and single aesthetasc. Antenna 2, 

peduncle article 2 with tooth on medial margin; 

flagellum of 5 setose articles. Mandibular palp 

consisting of single article bearing 1 seta, partially shielded by thin rounded membranous 

structure; 3 short fringed spines in spine row; 

molar represented by stout proximal spine, 

fringed distally on one margin. Maxilla 1, inner 

ramus short, rounded, bearing 2 short distal 

setae; outer ramus with 7 fringed or dentate 

spines. Maxilla 2 reduced to single lobe bearing 

2 stout spines fringed on one margin only. Maxilliped with narrow distally rounded endite 

reaching to palp article 2; palp of 5 setose articles. 

Pereopod 1 subchelate; propodus expanded, 

proximal palm with 2 stout spines on short lobelike extension, proximalmost spine with single 

denticle; second spine with several fine denticles; 

distal

 3/4 of palm bearing 3 stout flexed denticulate spines; dactylus with unguis half length of 

remainder of article (measured on outer margin); 

inner margin with 2 denticulate spines. Pereopods 2-7 ambulatory, dactyli biunguiculate, anterior spine becoming more slender posteriorly; 

all pereopods with triangular tooth on bases. 

Pleopod 2, endopod elongate-slender, with apically acute, proximally broad compressed lobe 

on outer margin. Apical lobe lanceolate, acute; 

styliform apophysis spiciform; chitinous lamella 

becoming distally narrow, apically hooked; exopod short, stubby, with single seta. Third pleopod pair bilamellar, shielded by broad triangular 

extension from base. Uropod biarticulate, distal 

setose conical article almost twice length of basal 

article. 

REMARKS.—The present species most closely 

resembles Microcerberus mirabilis Chappuis and 

Delamare-Deboutteville, 1956, from the Bahamas, but differs in the following: the apical lobe 

of the male pleopod 2 is rounded in M. mirabilis, 

acute in M. syrticus; similarly the "lobe etrangle" 

(terminology from Chappuis and Delamare-Debouteville, 1956, fig. lib) is rounded in M. mirabilis, acute in the new species; the tergal lobes 

of pereonites 2-4 are rounded in M. syrticus, 

truncate in M. mirabilis. 

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is from the 

Greek for "of a sandbar" and refers to the habitat 

of the species. 
NUMBER 24 79 

FIGURE 48.—Microcerberus syrticus, new species: a, whole animal, dorsal view; b, antenna 1; c, 

antenna 2; d, mandible; e, maxilla 1; / maxilla 2; g, maxilliped; h, pereopod 1; i, pereopod 2; 

/ pleopod 2, 8; k, pleopod 3, 8; I, uropod; m, pereopod 7. 
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