-L SU 3-- k y <2-^

®fi Workers: An Update

U.S. Department of Labor Special Labor Force Report

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

May 1983

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Marital and Faroolf Patterns

©I An Update

U.S. Department of Labor 

Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner

May 1983

Bulletin 2163

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Pr@fa<§@

This bulletin on marital and family patterns of 

workers in 1981 is part of the Special Labor Force 

Reports series. It discusses over-the-year changes in 

labor force activity of women and men and family earnings. This article was first published in the Monthly

Labor Review, May 1982, and is reprinted with additional tabular material and explanatory notes.

The data were compiled from supplementary questions to the March 1981 Current Population Survey

(CPS), conducted and tabulated by the Bureau of the 

Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data for 

1980 were rerun from the March 1980 CPS using 1980 

census population weights. Therefore, the 1980 data in 

this report may differ from that previously published.

Material in this publication is in the public domain 

and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced 

without permission.

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Page

Marital and family patterns of workers: An update.................................................................................. . ............... 1

Appendixes:

A. Explanatory n o te ............................................................................................................................. ..................... 5

B. Supplementary tables for March 1981:

B- 1. Employment status of the population 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, race,

and Hispanic origin, March 1981........................................................................................................... 9

B- 2. Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, and

age, March 1981....................................................................................................................................... 10

B- 3. Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, and

age, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1981 .......................................................................................... 11

B- 4. Major occupation on group of employed persons 16 years old and over by full- or

part-time status, marital status, sex, and race, March 1981.................................................................. 13

B- 5. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age and presence

and age of own children, March 1981 ................................................................................................... 15

B- 6. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age, presence

and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin March 1981 ........................................................ 17

B- 7. Labor force participation rates of married women, husband present, 16 years old and 

over by 1980 income of husband, age, and presence and age of own children,

March 1981............................................................................................................................................... 19

B- 8. Work experience in 1980 of married women, husband present, 16 years old and over

by presence and age of own children, and race, March 1981................................................................. 20

B- 9. Work experience in 1980 of married women, husband present by work experience of

husband in 1980; presence and age of own children and race, March 1981....................................... 21

B-10. Number of earners 16 years old and over and relationship by family income in 1980;

type of family and race, March 1981 ..................................................................................................... 23

B -ll. Families by presence and number of own children under 18, number and relationship

of earners in 1980, and family type, March 1981 ........................................................................... 24

C. Revised tables for March 1980:

C- 1. Employment status of the population 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, race,

and Hispanic origin, March 1980 ..................................................................................................... .. 25

C- 2. Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, race,

and Hispanic origin, March 1980 ........................................................................................................... 26

C- 3. Major occupation group of employed persons 16 years old and over by marital

status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980 ...................................................................... 28

C- 4. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age and presence

and age of own children, March 1980 ................................................................................................... .. 29

C- 5. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age, presence

and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980........................................................ 31

C- 6. Number of earners 16 years old and over and relationship by family income in 1979;

type of family, and race, March 1980..................................................................................................... 33

V

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Marital and family patterns

of workers: an update

H o w a r d H a y g h e

A record 18.4 million women with children under 

age 18 were in the labor force in March 1981, including nearly half of all mothers with preschool children. 

The high level indicates the continuing impact that 

women of the “baby boom” generation are having on 

the job market. Now in their 20’s and early 30’s, many 

of these women are returning to work while their children are still infants. This is also one reason why today 

every other married-couple family is in the dual-earner 

category.1

Over-the-year changes

Wives. Labor force changes during the 12 months ending with March 1981 were typical of those that have 

been observed in recent years in connection with the entry or re-entry into the job market of women born after 

World War II. About 25.5 million wives, or 51 percent, 

were working or looking for work in March, 560,000 

above the previous year’s level. More than 2 of 3 of 

these net additions were mothers, and most of them had 

children under 6 years old. (See table 1 and 2.)

The rise in the number and proportion of working 

mothers, especially those with preschool children, is 

partly related to a small rebound in births among women 20 to 34 years old.2 During the 1970’s, women in this 

age group tended to delay marriage and > postpone 

childbearing, often acquiring lengthy job experience and 

strong ties to the labor force. Now most afe married

Howard Hayghe is an economist in the Division of LabpnForce Studies, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 1. Employment status of persons 16 years and

over by marital status and sex, March 1980, and March

1981

[Numbers in thousands]

M a rita l s ta tu s a n d s e x

C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e

L a b o r f o r c e p a rtic ip a tio n

r a te (in p e r c e n t)

M a rc h 1 9 8 0 M a rc h

1981

M a rc h 1 9 8 0 M a rc h

1981 O rig in a l R e v is e d O rig in a l R e v is e d

Both sexes ................ 103,339 105,449 107,721 63.2 63.2 63.6

Men' ...................................... 59,376 60,514 61,306 76.8 76.6 76.4

Never married................ 15,134 15,590 15,799 70.7 70.6 70.6

Married, wife present . . . 38,962 39,647 39,674 81.0 80.9 80.5

Married, wife absent . . . 1,628 1,629 1,777 79.2 79.0 78.9

Widowed ...................... 565 552 544 28.7 27.9 27.9

Divorced......................... 3,087 3,097 3,532 80.3 79.4 80.9

Women ................................. 43,963 44,934 46,414 51.1 51.1 52.0

Never married................ 10,911 11,242 11,628 61.2 61.5 62.3

Married, husband present 24,466 24,900 25,460 50.2 50.1 51.0

Married, husband absent 1,881 1,928 2,076 59.4 59.4 60.8

Widowed ...................... 2,359 2,421 2,416 22.5 22.5 22.3

Divorced......................... 4,347 4,443 4,835 74.5 74.5 75.0

’ Population includes male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post.

Note: Estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population have been recalculated using 

updated weights based on the 1980 Census of the Population; therefore, the 1980 revised 

data differ from 1980 data previously published.

Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal, totals.

and many are having children. But, unlike the preceding 

generation of mothers whose early marriage and 

childbearing was followed by prolonged withdrawal 

from the labor force,3 women are now either remaining 

in the work force or returning to it shortly after 

childbirth.

Reflecting these events, the labor force participation 

rate of wives with preschool children increased from 

45 percent in March 1980 to nearly 48 percent a year 

later. Even though there was no change in their partici1

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TabSe 2. Labor force status of women 16 years and over,

by marital status and presence and age of youngest child,

March 1980 and March 1981

[Numbers in thousands]

M a rita l s ta tu s a n d p re s e n c e

a n d a g e o f c h ild re n

L a b o r fo r c e L a b o r f o r c e p a rtic ip a tio n

ra te (in p e rc e n t)

M a rc h 1 9 8 0 M a rc h

1981

M a rc h 1 9 8 0 M a rc h

1981 O rig in a l R e v is e d O rig in a l R e v is e d

Women, 16 years and over .. 43,963 44,934 46,414 51.1 51.1 52.0

No children under 1 8 ......... 26,470 27,144 27,992 48.0 48.1 48.7

With children under 18 .... 17,493 17,790 18,422 56.6 56.6 58.1

Children 6 to 17, none

younger ...................... 11,168 11,252 11,490 64.4 64.3 65.5

Children under 6 years .. 6,325 6,538 6,933 46.6 46.8 48.9

Married, husband present .. . 24,466 24,900 25,460 50.2 50.1 51.0

No children under 1 8 ......... 11,019 11,246 11,426 46.1 46.0 46.3

With children under 18 .... 13,447 13,654 14,035 54.2 54.1 55.7

Children 6 to 17, none

younger ...................... 8,381 8,428 8,432 61.8 61.7 62.5

Children under 6 years .. 5,067 5,227 5,603 45.0 45.1 47.8

Note: Estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population have been recalculated using 

updated weights based on the 1980 Census of the Population; therefore, the 1980 revised 

data differ from 1980 data previously published.

Children are defined as “ own” children. Included are never-married daughters or sons, 

stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded, are; other related children such as 

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, and unrelated children.

Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

pation rate, divorced mothers (regardless of their youngest child’s age) remained considerably more likely than 

mothers in any other marital status category to be in 

the labor force. About 78 percent of all divorced mothers were working or looking for work in March 1981, 

compared with around 60 percent of widowed, separated, or never-married mothers and 56 percent of married 

mothers. Even when they were childless, divorced women were more apt to be in the labor force than other 

women with no children under age 18.

Single, divorced, and separated persons. Like wives, single persons also accounted for 25 percent of the labor 

force growth over the year ending with March 1981. 

The number of single men in the labor force reached 

15.8 million while that of single women grew to 11.6 

million. These increases were largely because of a rise in 

the number of persons in their early 20’s and the continuing tendency among them to delay marriage. The 

labor force participation rates: of single men (71 percent) 

and of women (62 percent) remained relatively stable.

As was the case for singles, the number of divorced 

and separated persons in the labor force rose, primarily 

because the divorce rate remained high. The labor force 

participation rates of separated and divorced men were 

about the same as for husbands (80 percent) while the 

rates for divorced (75 percent) and separated (61 percent) women continued to be higher than for wives.

In contrast to the other marital groups, the number 

of husbands who were working or looking for jobs remained steady over the year ending in March 1981. The 

participation rate of husbands continued its long-term 

downward drift.

Race and Hispanic origin. Although white wives are still 

less likely to be in the labor force than black ones, their 

participation rate has been rising faster in recent years, 

narrowing the difference between the two groups. By 

March 1981, more than 50 percent of white wives and 

nearly 60 percent of black wives were in the work force. 

Ten years earlier, the proportions were about 40 and 53 

percent. In contrast, the participation rate, for white 

husbands and black husbands were nearly identical; 

both rates have declined by roughly 6 percentage points 

since March 1971.

Hispanic men were more apt than whites or blacks to 

be in the labor force regardless of their marital category. This is partly because Hispanic men are, on average, 

younger; in March 1981, their median age (for those 16 

years and over) was 32.1 years, compared with 34 years 

for blacks and 38 years for whites. In contrast to the 

men, Hispanic women traditionally have had lower participation rates than whites or blacks.4 (See table 3.)

Earners, income, and poverty

During the past decade, the dramatic increase in the 

proportion of working wives has led to substantial gains 

in the number of married-couple families where both 

spouses were earners during the same year. In 1980, 

there were approximately 25.6 million such dual-earner 

families, 25 percent more than in 1970.5 Over the same 

period, the traditional-earner family (married-couple 

families where the husband, but not the wife, was an 

earner) declined in importance—falling from 44 percent 

of all married couples in 1970 to less than 31 percent in 

1980.6

However, despite the ongoing rise in the number of

Table 3. Labor force participation rates by marital status,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980 revised and

March 1981

[In percent]

W h ite B la c k H is p a n ic

S e x a n d m a rita l s ta tu s

R e v is e d

1 9 8 0

1981

R e v is e d

1 9 8 0

1981

R e v is e d

1 9 8 0

1981

M e n

Total........................... 77.6 77.4 68.0 68.8 80.6 80.6

Never married ...................... 72.6 72.7 60.4 60.5 70.0 71.6

Married, wife present ........... 81.1 80.6 78.1 78.8 87.5 86.3

Married, wife absent............. 83.6 82.3 67.4 71.9 85.3 83.7

Divorced ............................... 80.7 82.4 69.9 72.8 78.3 84.5

Widowed ............................... 27.3 27.3 31.6 29.6 ( ’ ) ( ’ )

W o m e n

Total........................... 50.9 51.8 52.1 53.2 48.0 47.5

Never married ...................... 64.2 65.0 49.4 50.3 53.9 51.4

Married, husband present . . . 49.3 50.3 59.0 59.5 46.1 47.0

Married, husband absent .... 60.4 61.8 58.0 59.9 45.3 39.9

Divorced ............................... 75.6 76.0 68.8 68.8 64.7 65.8

W idowed............................... 22.3 21.7 24.3 26.6 26.3 22.3

'Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Note : Estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population have been recalculated using 

updated weights based on the 1980 Census of the Population; therefore, the 1980 revised 

data differ from 1980 data previously published.

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wives in the labor force, there was no change in either 

the number or proportion of dual-earner families from

1979 to 1980. Several factors interacted to produce this 

result. One was the sluggish economic climate that prevailed during 1980 which led to greater levels of unemployment than in 1979. Another was the continuing 

high level of divorces and the consequent breakup of 

many married-couple families. Also, the number of married couples without earners continued its long-term 

climb. From 1970 to 1980, the number of married persons 65 years and over rose by about a third, and the 

number of families with no earners reached 5.9 million. 

(See table 4.)

Income. Overall, median income in 1980 was $23,300 

for married-couple families, compared with $10,230 for 

families maintained by women and $17,740 for those 

maintained by men (no spouse present). A major reason 

for the differences is that almost 60 percent of all married-couple families contained at least two earners, compared with 28 percent of the families maintained by 

women and 42 percent of those maintained by men. 

(This is not the entire explanation; even when there 

were two earners or more, families maintained by men 

or women had lower median annual incomes.)7 Who the 

earners are—husband, wife, children, and so forth—is 

also an important determinant of family income. To illustrate, median income of married-couple families in

1980 was $20,500 where the husband was the only 

earner, but only $13,600 where the wife was the sole 

earner. For families with two earners or more, the mediTable 4. Number of earners in families, relationship, and

median family income in 1979 and 1980, by type of family,

March 1980 and March 1981

N u m b e r o f e a rn e rs ,

re la tio n s h ip ,

a n d t y p e o f fa m ily

N u m b e r (in th o u s a n d s ) M e d ia n fa m ily in c o m e

M a rc h 1 9 8 0 M a rc h

1981

19 7 9

1980

O rig in a l R e v is e d O rig in a l R e v is e d

Married-couple fam ilies......... 48,199 49,132 49,316 $21,621 $21,545 $23,263

No earners........................ 5,420 5,559 5,903 8,833 8,855 10,187

One earner........................ 13,598 13,912 13,900 18,092 18,073 19,368

Husband only ............... 11,667 11,934 11,621 18,874 18,850 20,472

Wife only........................ 1,463 1,499 1,707 12,504 12,527 13,612

Other relative o n ly ......... 468 480 573 17,061 17,072 16,148

Two earners or m ore......... 29,180 29,660 29,513 25,594 25,501 28,025

Husband and wife ......... 25,148 25,595 25,557 25,263 25,167 27,745

Husband and others,

not w ife ...................... 3,448 3,476 3,380 29,146 29,121 31,031

Husband non-earner . . . 585 591 576 20,343 20,361 22,684

Maintained by women1 ......... 8,834 9,009 9,416 9,773 9,719 10,233

No earners'........................ 2,041 2,084 2,216 4,267 4,245 4,494

One earner........................ 4,290 4,391 4,612 9,567 9,513 10,350

Two earners or m ore......... 2,503 2,534 2,589 16,973 16,937 18,673

Maintained by men1 ............. 1,742 1,769 1,969 16,600 16,533 17,743

No earners........................ 219 225 244 7,217 7,241 7,790

One earner........................ 778 788 891 14,388 14,347 15,577

Two earners or m ore......... 745 755 835 23,040 22,936 23,785

'Divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married persons.

Note: Estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population have been recalculated using 

updated weights based on the 1980 Census of the Population; therefore, the 1980 revised 

data differ from 1980 data previously published.

Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Table 5. Families in poverty in 1980 by family type and

number of earners, March 1981

Type of family, number and

relationship of earners

Number in poverty

(in thousands)

Percent

distribution

As percent

of

all families

Total families......................... 6,402 - 10.5

Married-couple families........................ 3,036 100.0 6.2

No earners.................................... 996 32.8 16.9

One earner.................................... 1,294 42.6 9.3

Husband .................................... 945 31.1 8.1

Wife .......................................... 237 7.8 13.9

Other member........................... 113 3.7 19.7

Two earners or m ore.................... 745 24.5 2.6

Husband and wife .................... 540 17.8 2.1

Husband and other(s), not wife . 137 4.5 4.1

Husband nonearner .................. 68 2.2 11.8

Families maintained by women1 ........... 3,142 100.0 33.4

No earners.................................... 1,617 51.5 73.0

One earner.................................... 1,267 40.3 27.5

Householder ............................. 1,034 32.9 28.6

Other ........................................ 233 7.4 23.5

Two earners or m ore.................... 258 8.2 10.0

Families maintained by m e n '................ 224 100.0 11.4

No earners.................................... 76 33.9 31.1

One earner.................................... 115 51.3 12.9

Two earners or m ore.................... 32 14.3 3.8

'Includes only divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married persons. 

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

an was more than $31,000 where the husband (but not 

the wife) was among the earners, but only $22,700 

when the husband had no earned income.

Poverty. The presence of earners does not guarantee a 

family freedom from poverty. In 1980, about 6.4 million, 

or 10.5 percent, of the Nation’s families had incomes below the poverty level.8 These families were approximately 

equally divided between married couples (47 percent) 

and those maintained by women (49 percent), with relatively few maintained by men. (See table 5.)

The majority of married-couple families in poverty 

had income from the earnings of one member or more 

during 1980. In most of these families, the husband was 

an earner, but for an unusually large proportion— 21 

percent compared with 6 percent for families not in 

poverty—the earner was the wife or some other member, such as a son or daughter, whose wages were typically lower than those of the husband.

A third of all families maintained by women had 

incomes below the poverty level in 1980, with children 

in more than four-fifths of them. Less than half of these 

families had earnings and only 8 percent contained 

more than one earner.

As expected, large families face a greater likelihood of 

poverty than small ones with the same number of earners. For instance, among one-earner families in 1980, 

about 10 percent with only two members were in poverty, compared with 20 percent of five-member families. 

The proportions in poverty were less for families with 

more than one earner.

T h is r e p o r t h a s p r e s e n t e d some recent data on the

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marital-family characteristics of workers. However, the 

situation may change under the pressure of demographic and other trends that are already underway. For example, recent increases in the birth rate indicate that 

the number of dual-earner families with young children 

will continue to increase. Thus, the need for adequate

child care in the working parents’ absence will probably 

expand rather than diminish. In addition, if marital 

breakups—currently at record levels—rise, the demand 

for child care will grow even further as the number of 

one-parent families increases.

F O O T N O T E S

' Unless otherwise indicated, data are based on tabulations from the

March 1981 Current Population Survey (CPS), conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. The data have

been inflated using population weights based on results from the 1980

Census of the Population. The March 1980 data discussed in this report also have been revised to bring them in line with the new population weights and to make them comparable with the March 1981

data. Previously published 1980 data (as they appear in Beverly L.

Johnson and Elizabeth Waldman, “Marital and family patterns,”

M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , October 1981, pp. 36-38) reflected population

weights projected forward from the 1970 Census of the Population.

As shown in table 1, the number of married women in the labor

force in March 1980 was revised upward by 434,000. Despite this,

and similarly significant changes in other data for 1980, the various

relationships and percentages based on new estimates are nearly the

same as those based on previously published estimates.

For a more complete description of changes in labor force data

stemming from the use of 1980 census population weights in the CPS,

see Kenneth D. Buckley, Jennifer Marks, and Ronald J. Statt, “Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1982,”

E m p lo y m e n t a n d E a rn in gs, February 1982, pp. 7-15.

Estimates based on a sample, such as those shown in the tables,

may vary considerably from results obtained by a complete count in

those cases where the numbers are small. Therefore, differences based

on them may not be significant. For more detail on the interpretation

of such differences, see M a r ita l a n d F a m ily C h ara cteristics o f W orkers,

M a rc h 1979, Special Labor Force Report 237 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1981).

2 Final Natality Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, Natality Statistics. Also see Allyson

Sherman Grossman, “More than half of all children have working

mothers,” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , February 1982, pp. 41-43, for information on trends in numbers of children whose mothers work.

3 See Howard Hayghe, “Families and the rise of working wives— an

overview,” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , May 1976, pp. 12-19; Janet L.

Norwood and Elizabeth Waldman, W o m en in th e L a b o r F orce: S o m e

N e w D a ta Series, U.S. Department of Labor, Report 575; and George

Masnich and Mary Jo Bane, The N a tio n 's F am ilies, 1 9 6 0 -1 9 9 0 (Cambridge, Mass., Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 1980), pp. 52-85.

4 For a discussion of some of the factors underlying the labor force

patterns of Hispanic women, see Morris J. Newman, “A profile of

Hispanics in the U.S. work force,” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , December

1978, pp. 3-14.

5 Only about two-fifths of the gain in the number of dual-earner

families was because of the increase in the number of married-couple

families.

6 See Howard Hayghe, “Husbands and wives as earners: an analysis

of family data,” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , February 1981, pp. 46-53.

7 A forthcoming M o n th ly L a b o r R ev ie w article will focus on women

who maintain families.

‘ The average poverty threshold for a nonfarm family of four was

$8,414 in 1980. The level varied depending on family size, sex and age

of householders, family composition, and farm-nonfarm residence. For

further details, see C u rren t P o p u la tio n R ep o rts, Series P-60, No. 124.

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Appendix A„ Explanatory Note

Estimates in this bulletin are based on supplementary

questions in the March 1981 and 1980 Current Population Survey conducted and tabulated for the Bureau of

Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. Basic

labor force concepts, sample design, estimating

methods, and reliability of the data are described briefly

in the following sections.1

Definitions and Concepts

P o p u la tio n coverage. In March 1980 and 1981, trained

interviewers collected information from a sample of

about 65,000 households in 629 areas in 1,133 counties

and independent cities with coverage in every State and

the District of Columbia. Estimates in this bulletin include persons 16 years old and over in the civilian

noninstitutional population in the calendar week ended

March 14, 1981. Male members of the Armed Forces

living off post or with their families on post (817,000 in

March 1981) were also included, but all other members

of the Armed Forces were excluded.

M a rita l status. Persons are classified into the following

categories according to their marital status at the time of

interview: Single; married, spouse present; and other

marital status. The classification “married, spouse present,” applies to husband and wife if both are reported

as members of the same household even though one

may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a

visit, in a hospital, and the like at the time of interview.

The term “other marital status” applies to persons who

are married, spouse absent, widowed, or divorced.

F am ily. A family is a group of two or more persons

residing together who are related by blood, marriage, or

adoption. The number of families as shown in this

report includes both primary families and unrelated

subfamilies. A primary family includes among its

members the married couple or person maintaining the

household and all other related individuals within the

household. An unrelated subfamily includes no

members related to the person or persons maintaining

the household and may include lodgers, guests, or resident employees.

1 For a more complete description of methodology, see C oncepts

and M ethods Used in L abor Force Statistics D erived From the Current P opulation Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S.

Department of Labor, BLS Report 463, October 1976.

C hildren. Data on children refer to “own” children of

the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family and

include sons and daughters, stepchildren, and adopted

children. Excluded are other related children, such as

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, and

unrelated children.

A g e . The age classification is based on the age of the

person at his/her last birthday.

R ace. The population is divided into three groups on the

basis of race: White, black, and “other races.” The last

category includes Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and any

other race except white and black.

H isp a n ic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin in this

report are those persons who indicated that their origin

was Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South

American, or some other Hispanic origin. The latter

category includes persons from Spain as well as persons

with combinations of types of Spanish origins. Persons

who reported that they were of one of the specific

Hispanic-origin categories and a non-Hispanic category

were included in the specific category. Persons of

Hispanic origin may be of any race.

E m p lo ye d . Employed persons are all those who during

the survey week (a) did any work at all as paid

employees or in their own business or profession, or on

their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid

workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the

family; or (b) did not work but had jobs or businesses

from which they were temporarily absent because of

illness, bad weather, vacations, labor-management

dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were

paid by their employers for the time off, or were seeking other jobs.

U nem ployed. Unemployed persons are all those who

did not work during the survey week, made specific efforts to find a job within the preceding 4 weeks, and

were available for work during the survey week or

would have been available except for temporary illness.

Also included as unemployed are those who did not

work at all, were available for work, and (a) were

waiting to be called back to a job from which they had

been laid off, or (b) were waiting to report to a new

wage .or salary job within 30 days.

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Labor force. The labor force comprises all persons 

classified as employed or unemployed according to the 

above definitions.

N ot in the labor force. All persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are defined as “ not in the 

labor force.” Persons doing only incidental, unpaid 

family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as 

not in the civilian labor force.

Full-time and part-time workers. Full-time workers are 

persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey 

week, or who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 

hours during the survey week. Part-time workers are 

those who usually work 1 to 34 hours and worked 1 to 

34 hours during the survey week. Persons with a job but 

not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time.

Work experience. Persons with work experience are 

those who worked as civilians at any time during the 

preceding calendar year at full-time or part-time jobs.

Weeks worked. Persons with work experience are 

classified according to the number of weeks in which 

they did any work during the preceding calendar year as 

civilians for pay or profit (including paid vacations and 

sick leave) or worked without pay on a family-operated 

farm or business.

Year-round full-time workers. Year-round full-time 

workers are persons who worked primarily at full-time 

jobs for 50 weeks or more during the preceding calendar 

year.

Part-year workers. Part-year workers are persons who 

worked either full time or part time for 1 to 49 weeks 

during the preceding calendar year.

Occupation, industry, and class o f worker. Data on occupation, industry, and class of worker refer to the job 

held in the survey week. Persons with two jobs or more 

are classified in the job at which they worked the 

greatest number of hours in the survey week. The occupation and industry categories in this bulletin are the 

major groups used in the 1970 Census of Population.

Income. Income is the total amount of money received 

in the preceding calendar year from (1) money wages 

and salaries; (2) net income from self-employment; (3) 

social security; (4) dividends, interest (on savings and 

bonds), net rental income, and income from estates and 

trusts; (5) public assistance; (6) unemployment and 

workers’ compensation, government employee pensions, and veterans’ payments; and (7) private pensions, 

annuities, alimony, regular contributions from persons

not living in the same household, net royalties, and 

other periodic income. The amount received represents 

income before deductions for personal taxes, social 

security, savings bonds, union dues, health insurance, 

and the like. The total income of a family is the 

algebraic sum of the amount received by all persons in 

the family.

Earnings. Earnings are all money income of $1 or more 

from wages and salaries, and net money income of $1 or 

more from farm and nonfarm self-employment.

Median. The median is the value which divides the 

distribution into two equal parts; one part having values 

above the median, and the other having values below 

the median.

The medians as shown in this bulletin are calculated 

from the corresponding distributions by linear interpolation within the interval in which the median falls. 

Therefore, because of this interpolation, the median 

value depends not only on the distribution of income 

but also on the income intervals used in calculating the 

median.

Sums o f distribution. Sums of individual items, whether 

absolute numbers or percentages, may not equal totals 

because of independent rounding of totals and components. Percentage totals, however, are always shown 

as 100 percent.

Reliability of the estimates

Estimating procedure. The estimating procedure used 

in this survey inflates weighted sample results to independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional 

population by age, sex, and race. These independent 

estimates are based on statistics from the 1980 Census of 

Population and other data on births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and strength of the Armed Forces. To 

these figures were added the male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post.

Variability. Since the estimates are based on a sample, 

they may differ somewhat from the figures that would 

have been obtained if a complete census had been taken 

using the same schedules and procedures. As in any 

survey, the results are also subject to errors of response 

and reporting. These may be relatively large in the case 

of persons with irregular attachment to the labor force. 

Particular care should be exercised in the interpretation 

of figures based on relatively small estimates as well as 

small differences between estimates.

The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling 

variability, that is, of the variations that might occur by 

chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. As calculated for this bulletin, the

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standard error also partially measures the effect of 

response and enumeration errors but does not measure 

any systematic biases in the data. The chances are about 

68 out of 100 that an estimate differs from a complete 

census by less than the standard error. The chances are 

about 95 out of 100 that the difference would be less 

than twice the standard error.

Note when using small estimates. Nummary measures 

(such as medians, means, and percent distributions) are 

shown in this bulletin only when the base of the 

measure is 75,000 or greater. Because of the large standard errors involved, there is little chance that summary 

measures would reveal useful information when computed on a smaller base. Estimated numbers are shown, 

however, even though the relative standard errors of 

these numbers are larger than those for corresponding 

percentages. These smaller estimates are provided 

primarily to permit such combinations of the categories 

as serve each user’s needs.

Computation o f standard errors. Tptie figures presented 

in tables A-l and A-2 provide approximations of the 

standard errors of estimated numbers and percentages. 

Standard errors for intermediate values may be found 

by interpolation. Estimated standard errors for specific 

characteristics cannot be obtained from tables A-l and 

A-2 without the use of factors in table A-3. These factors must be applied to the standard errors in order to 

adjust for the combined effect of sample design and 

estimating procedure on the value of the characteristic. 

The determination of the proper factor for a percentage 

depends upon the subject matter of the numerator of 

the percentage, not the denominator.

The following examples illustrate the use of the 

standard error tables. An estimated 25,460,000 married 

women, husband present, were in the labor force in 

March 1981. Two steps, using both tables A-l and A-3 

are required to derive an estimate of the standard error 

for this figure. First, from table A -l, a preliminary 

estimate of the error (278,000) is found by interpolation. Next, this estimate is multiplied by the factor 1.0 

from tablg A-3. Thus, the chances are about 68 out of 

100 that the difference between the sample estimate and 

a complete census count would be less than 278,000. 

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference 

would be less than 556,000. The 25,460,000 married 

women represented 51.0 percent of all married women 

in the population. The standard error for this percent is 

found by multiplying the standard error (0.4) from table 

A-2 by the appropriate factor from table A-3 (1.0): 0.4 x 

1.0 = 0.4. Thus, the chances are 68 out of 100 that a 

complete census count would have resulted in a figure 

between 51.4 and 50.6 percent, and 95 out of 100 that 

the figure would have been between 51.8 and 50.2.

Table A-1. Standard errors of estimated numbers

(68 chances out of 100. Numbers in thousands)

Size of 

estimate

Standard

error

Size of 

estimate

Standard

error

2 5 ................................ 9 5,000.......................... 131

50 13 10,000....................... 182

100 19 15,000....................... 221

250 30 25,000........................ 277

500 . 42 50,000........................ 364

1,000 59 100,000..................... 424

2,500............................ 93

NOTE: For a particular characteristic, see table A-3 for the appropriate factor 

to apply to the above standard errors.

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Table A-2. Standard errors of estimated percentages

(68 chances out of 100)

Base of Estimated percentage

percentage

(thousands)

1 or 

99

2 or 

98

5 or 

95

10 or 

90

25 or 

75 50

7 5 ......................... 2.1 3.0 4.7 6.5 9.4 10.8

1 0 0 ....................... 1.9 2.6 4.1 5.6 8.1 9.4

250 ....................... 1.2 1.7 2.6 3.5 5.1 5.9

500 ....................... .8 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.6 4.2

1,000 ................... .6 .8 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.0

2,500 ................... .4 .5 .8 1.1 1.6 1.9

5,000 ................... .3 .4 .6 .8 1.1 1.3

10,000 ................. .2 .3 .4 .6 .8 .9

15,000 ................. .15 .2 .3 .5 .7 .8

25,000 ................. .12 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6

50,000 ................. .08 .12 .2 .3 .4 .4

100,000 ............... .06 .08 .13 .2 .3 .3

NOTE: For a particular characteristic, see table A-3 for the appropriate factor to apply to the above standard errors.

Table A-3. Factors to be applied to generalized standard errors in tables A-1 and A-2

CPS data collected January 1967 to present

Persons Families and unreleated 

individuals, households,

Characteristic Some household members 

secondary individuals All household members householders, or primary 

individuals

Total or 

white Black Hispanic

origin

Total or 

white Black Hispanic

origin

Total or 

white Black Hispanic

origin

Total or nonfarm:

Total, regional or metropolitan . . 1.00 1.20 1.13 1.10 1.45 1.60 0.63 0.60 0.64

Nonmetropolitan.......................... 1.22 1.47 1.38 1.35 1.78 1.95 .77 .73 .78

Education, te n u re ........................ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .63 .60 .64

Employment status and 

occupation ................................ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

F a rm ...................................................... 1.38 1.66 1.56 1.52 2.01 2.21 .85 .81 .86

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Appendix B. Supplementary tables for March 1981

Table B-1. Employment status ©f the population 16 years old and over marital status, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

C I V I L I A N LAB O R FORCE

LABOR E 1PL0YED UNEMPL OYED NOT IN ARMED

MAR I T A L STATUS, SEX AND RACE P O P U L A ­

TION TOTAL

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

TOTAL

FULL

TI M E 1/

PART

TI M E 2/ TOTAL

U N E M ­

P L O Y ­

MENT

RATE

LABOR

FORCE

F O R C E S 3/

A LL PERSONS

BO T H SEXES, TOTAL . . 170,269 107,721 63.6 99,234 8 1 ,235 17,999 8,487 7.9 61,731 817

MEN, TOT A L .................... 81,010 61,306 76.4 56,349 5 0 ,439 5,909 4,958 8.1 18,887 817

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 22,990 15,779 70.6 13,302 9,713 3,589 2,477 15.7 6,574 137

MARRIED, WIFE PRESENT. . . 99,896 39,674 80.5 37,739 35,861 1,878 1,936 4.9 9,602 619

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 8,629 5,852 68.3 5,307 4,865 442 545 9.3 2,711 61

MARRIED, WIFE A B SENT . . 2,282 1,777 78.9 1,610 1,473 137 167 9,4 474 32

W I D O W E D.................... 1,91(9 544 27.9 510 402 109 33 6.1 1,405 «.

D I V O R C E D ................. 9,393 3,532 80.9 3,187 2,991 196 3.45 9.8 832 29

WOMEN, TOTAL .................. 89,259 46,414 52.0 42,8 8 5 30,795 12,090 3,529 7.6 42,8 4 4 ...

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 18,679 11,628 62.3 10,291 6,8 3 0 3,461 1,337 11.5 7,046

MARRIED, H U S B A N D P R E S E N T . 99,883 25,460 51.0 23,995 17,028 6,9 6 7 1,465 5,8 24,4 2 3

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 20,702 9,327 45.1 8,600 6,938 1,662 727 7.8 11,375

MARRIED, HU S B A N D ABSENT. 3,912 2,076 60.8 1,816 1,481 335 260 12.5 1,336

MARRIED, H U S B A N D ABSENT IN ARMED FORCES. . . 57 44 ( *) 36 30 6 8 << ) 12

WIDOWED. ........ 10,81*5 2,416 22.3 2,276 1,516 760 139 5.8 8,429

D I V O R C E D .................. 6,945 4,835 75.0 4,508 3,941 567 328 6.8 1,610

W H I T E

BO T H SEXES, TOT A L . . 198,048 9 4 ,303 64.0 87,7 4 3 71,5 8 7 16,156 6,560 7.0 53,0 6 8 677

MEN, TOTAL .................... 70,831 54,328 77.4 50,373 45,1 7 0 5,203 3,955 7.3 15,825 677

NEVER-M A R R I E D . ...... 18,555 13,415 72.7 11,529 8,352 3,177 1,886 14,1 5,028 112

MARRIED, WIFE PRESENT. . . 45,337 36,125 80.6 34,473 32,800 1,673 1,652 4.6 8,695 517

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 6,939 4,788 69.5 4,372 4,019 353 417 8.7 2,102 48

MARRIED, WIFE A B SENT . . 1,603 1,296 82.3 1,193 1,096 96 103 7.9 279 28

WIDOWED. .................. 1,608 439 27.3 416 327 89 22 5.1 1,169 -

DIVO R C E D .................. 3,728 3,054 82.4 2,762 2,595 167 292 9.5 654 20

WOMEN, TOT A L ........ 7 7 ,217 39,9 7 5 51.8 37,370 26,417 10,953 2,605 6.5 3 7 ,242 ...

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 14,999 9,744 65.0 8,858 5,766 3,092 886 9.1 5,255

MARRIED, HU S B A N D P R E S E N T . 45,351 22,807 50.3 21,587 15,070 6,516 1,220 5.3 22,545

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 16,867 7,424 44.0 6,925 5,580 1,344 499 6.7 9,443

MARRIED, H U SBAND ABSENT. 2,147 1,327 61.8 1,179 964 215 149 11.2 819

MARRIED, HU S B A N D ABSENT IN ARMED FORCES. . . 30 21 M > 16 11 5 5 ( 4 ) 10

WIDOWED. ........ 9,371 2,031 21.7 1,927 1,270 657 104 5,1 7,341

D I V O R C E D ........ 5,348 4,066 76.0 3,819 3,346 473 247 6.1 1,282

B L A C K

BO T H SEXES, TOT A L . . 18,211 10,894 60.2 9,158 7,661 1,497 1,737 15.9 7,211 107

MEN, TOTAL ......... 8,172 5,549 68.8 4,651 4,107 544 898 16.2 2 , 517 107

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 3,184 1,917 60.5 1,381 1,074 307 536 28.0 1,249 18

MARRIED, WIFE PRESENT. . . 3,470 2,675 78.8 2,436 2,282 153 239 8.9 719 77

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 1,517 957 63.6 834 750 84 123 12.9 549 12

MARRIED, WIFE A B SENT . . 591 422 71.9 361 323 39 61 14.4 165 4

WIDOWED. ........ 309 91 29.6 81 63 18 11 11.7 217 -

D I V O R C E D .................. 618 444 72.8 392 365 27 52 11.7 166 8

WOMEN, TOT A L .................. 10,039 5,346 53.2 4,507 3,554 953 839 15.7 4,6 9 4 ...

N E V E R - M A R R I E D ............... 3,2 0 6 1,614 50.3 1,192 903 289 422 26.1 1,592

MARRIED, H U S B A N D PR E S E N T . 3,379 2,010 59.5 1,810 1,442 367 201 10.0 1,369

OTHER EV E R MARRIED, TOTAL. 3,454 1,721 49.8 1,505 1,209 296 216 12.5 1,733

MARRIED, H U S B A N D ABSENT. 1,171 702 59,9 596 478 118 105 15.0 469

MARRIED, H U S B A N D ABSENT IN ARMED FORCES. . . 18 17 <4 > 16 15 1 1 M > 1

W I D O W E D .................... 1,307 348 26.6 313 217 97 35 10.1 959

D I V O R C E D .................. 976 671 68.8 596 514 81 76 11.3 305

H I S P A N I C O R I G I N

BO T H SEXES, TOT A L . . 8,906 5,616 63.4 4,987 4,270 716 630 11.2 3,246 44

MEN, TOTAL .................... 4,299 3,429 80.6 3,047 2,770 277 382 11.1 826 44

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 1,378 986 71.6 798 611 187 188 19.1 391 1

MARRIED, WIFE PRESENT. . . 2,443 2,075 86.3 1,922 1,852 70 153 7.4 329 40

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 478 367 77.5 327 306 20 41 11.1 107 4

MARRIED, WIFE A B S E N T . . 229 190 83.7 170 161 10 19 10.2 37 2

WIDOWED. ........ 71 28 < M 26 23 3 2 (4 ) 42 -

DIV O R C E D ........ 178 149 84.5 130 122 8 19 12.9 27 2

WOMEN, TOT A L .................. 4,607 2,187 47.5 1,940 1,501 439 248 11.3 2,4 2 0 ...

N E V E R - M A R R I E D............... 1,104 568 51.4 490 . 343 147 77 13.6 537

MARRIED, H U S B A N D P R E S E N T . 2,487 1,170 47.0 1,055 831 224 115 9.8 1,317

OTHER EVER MARRIED, TOTAL. 1,016 450 44.3 394 327 67 55 12.3 566

MARRIED, HU S B A N D ABSENT. 369 148 39.9 121 99 23 26 17.8 222

MARRIED, H U S B A N D ABSENT IN ARMED FORCES. . . 3 1 <<> 1 1

- - (4 > 2

W I D O W E D .................... 283 63 22.3 60 45 15 3 M ) 220

D I V O R C E D ................. 363 239 65.8 213 184 29 26 10.9 124

1 Full-time workers are persons who during the survey week worked 35 hours or more and those 4 Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000. who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours. 2 Part-time workers are persons who usually work 1 to 34 hours and worked 1 to 34 hours during NOTE: The number in the labor force and the labor force participation rates and unemployment the survey week. Persons with a job but not at work are classified by whether they usually work rates for males shown in this set of tables excludes male members of the Armed Forces living off 

full or part time. post or with their families on post. Therefore, the numbers and rates in these tables are not com- 3 Includes only male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post, parable to those published for March 1975 and prior years.

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Table B-2. Population and civilian labor force 18 years old and over by marital status, sex, and age, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

P O PULATION,

C I V I L I A N LAB O R FORCE;

AND ASE

MEN WOMEN

TOTAL NEVER

MARRIED

m a r r i e d ,

SPOUSE

P R ESENT

OTHER E V E R - M A R R I E D

TOTAL NEV E R

MA R R I E D

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

P R ESENT

OTHER E V E R - M A R R T E

TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

ABSENT

W I DOWED

D I ­

VORCED TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

ABSENT

WID O W E D

D I ­

V O RCED

POPULATION

TOTAL; 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 81,010 22,490 49,896 8,624 2,282 1,949 4,393 89,259 18,674 49,883 20,702 3,412 10,845 6,445

16 TO 19 YEARS; T O T A L ............. 8,201 7,981 164 56 51 _ 4 8,184 7,3 9 7 670 116 80 36

16 AND 17 Y E A R S .................. 4,134 4,090 19 26 24 - 2 4,022 3,873 123 25 19 • 7

18 AND 19 Y E A R S .................. 4,067 3,892 145 30 27 - 3 4,163 3,524 548 91 62 29

20 TO 24 YEARS . . ............... 10,300 7,163 2,747 390 196 4 190 10,685 5,543 4,327 815 391 22 401

25 TO 34 YEARS; T O T A L ............ 18,625 4,741 11,910 1,975 645 22 1,307 19,204 3,139 12,918 3,146 1,064 132 1,950

25 TO 29 YEARS . . . . 1 . . . 9,713 3,278 5,617 818 282 9 527 9,978 2,179 6,359 1,441 512 49 880

30 TO 34 YEARS ........ 8,912 1,463 6,293 1,157 364 13 780 9,225 960 6,559 1,706 552 83 1,070

35 TO 44 YEA R S ......... 12,806 1,085 10,035 1,686 484 61 1,141 13,381 728 10,038 2,615 765 294 1,555

45 TO 54 YEARS ......... 10,839 548 8,982 1,309 361 156 792 11,653 546 8,657 2,450 502 795 1,153

55 TO 64 YEARS; T O T A L ............. 10,131 520 8,275 1,335 310 410 615 11,575 486 7,762 3,326 371 2,128 827

55 TO 59 YEARS ................. 5,430 285 4,459 686 182 160 345 6,099 251 4,246 1,602 231 887 484

60 TO 64 YEARS .................. 4,700 235 3,816 649 129 250 271 5,475 235 3,516 1,724 140 1,241 343

65 YEA R S AND OVER; T O TAL .... 10,108 452 7,783 1,873 234 1,296 343 14,578 834 5,511 8,233 237 7,474 522

65 TO 69 YEARS ................. 3,878 194 3,196 488 95 236 157 4,857 260 2,571 2,026 94 1,664 268

70 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 6,229 257 4,587 1,385 139 1,059 186 9,721 574 2,940 6,207 143 5,809 255

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ............... 37.6 22.3 45.1 46.6 40.1 70.0 41.1 39.9 21.7 42.0 58.8 37.2 70.0 40.4

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

TOTAL; 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 61,306 15,779 39,674 5,852 1,777 544 3,532 46,4 1 4 11,628 25,4 6 0 9,327 2,076 2,416 4,835

16 TO 19 YEARS; TOTAL. . . . . . 4,531 4,355 139 37 36 1 3,978 3,611 308 59 42 17

16 AND 17 Y E A R S .................. 1,799 1,763 19 17 17 - - 1,600 1,548 43 9 5 4

18 AND 19 YEARS. ....... 2,732 2,592 120 20 19 - 1 2,378 2,063 264 50 37 - 13

20 TO 24 YEARS ......... 8,537 5,662 2,534 341 171 4 167 7,282 4,053 2,665 564 240 11 313

25 TO 34 YEARS; T O T A L ............. 17,312 4,155 11,342 1,815 578 14 1,223 12,945 2,593 7,955 2,398 713 85 1,600

25 TO 29 YEARS .................. 8,882 2,856 5,295 730 244 8 479 6,754 1,800 3,894 1,060 333 28 698

30 TO 34 YEARS .................. 8,431 1,298 6,047 1,085 334 7 744 6,191 793 4,061 1,338 379 57 902

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 11,982 896 9,577 1,508 426 48 1,035 8,904 576 6,279 2,049 543 193 1,314

45 TO 54 YEA R S .................... 9,847 385 8,366 1,096 301 124 671 7,189 406 5,019 1,763 328 537 898

55 TO 64 YEARS; T O T A L ............. 7,222 265 6,169 788 215 202 371 4,872 275 2,833 1,764 182 997 586

55 TO 59 YEARS ........ 4,465 184 3,782 499 139 106 254 2,999 164 1,817 1,018 132 519 368

60 TO 64 YEARS .................. 2,757 81 2,388 288 76 96 116 1,873 111 1,016 746 50 478 219

65 YEARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . . . 1,875 62 1,547 267 51 152 64 1,244 114 402 729 29 593 107

65 TO 69 Y E A R S ............... . 1,098 36 928 134 35 64 35 753 56 279 418 18 328 72

70 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 777 25 619 132 16 88 29 491 57 123 311 11 265 35

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ............... 35.2 23.1 41.1 39.9 37.4 58.9 38.6 34.2 22.7 37.9 43.0 35.8 58.7 38.7

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E

TOTAL, 16 YEA R S AND OVER. . . 76.4 70.6 80.5 68.3 78.9 27.9 80.9 52.0 62.3 51.0 45.1 60.8 22,3 75.0

16 TO 19 YEARS, T O T A L ............ 55.6 54.7 94.3 ( 1 > (1 ) - (1 > 48.6 48.8 45.9 50.4 52.0 - (O

16 AND 17 Y E A R S ................. 43.6 43.1 ( ') ( 1) (' ) ( 1) 39.8 40,0 35.4 ( 1 1 ( ' ) <1 )

18 AND 19 Y E A R S ................. 67.9 67.0 93.5 (' ) (1 ) - ( ’ ) 57.1 58.5 48.3 55.0 ( 1) - (1 )

20 TO 24 YEARS .................... 84.6 79.9 96.7 90.3 89.5 (' ) 91.1 68.2 73.1 61.6 69.2 61.3 (ii) 78.1

25 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L ............. 94.7 88.3 97.5 93.4 92.5 (' ) 94.2 67.4 82.6 61.6 76.2 66.9 64.6 82.1

25 TO 29 YEARS ................. 93.3 87.9 96.8 91.2 90.8 (1 ) 91.6 67.7 82.6 61.2 73.6 65.1 ill 79.4

30 TO 34 YEARS .................. 96.2 89.3 98.1 94.9 93.8 ( 1 ) 96.0 67.1 82.6 61.9 78,4 68.7 68.3 84.3

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 95.0 82.7 97.2 90.1 88.5 (1 ) 91.5 66.5 79.1 62.5 78.4 70.9 65.6 84,5

45 TO 54 YEARS ......... 91.0 70.2 93.3 83.9 83.8 79.5 84.9 61.7 74.3 58.0 72.0 65.4 67.6 77.9

55 TO 64 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . . . 71.3 50.9 74.6 59.0 69,3 49.3 60.3 42.1 56,5 36.5 53.0 48 o 9 46 o 8 70.9

55 TO 59 YEARS ........ 82.3 64.6 84,9 72.7 76,4 66.2 73.8 49.2 65.2 42.6 63,6 57.1 58,5 75,9

60 TO 64 YEARS . ............. .. 58.7 34.4 62.6 44,5 59.1 38.5 43.0 34.2 47.1 28.9 43.3 35.4 38,5 63.8

65 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . . 18.5 13.6 19.9 14.2 21.7 11.7 18.6 8.5 13.6 7.3 8.9 12.3 7,9 20,5

65 TO 69 YEARS ................. 28.3 18.7 29.0 27.5 37.1 27.1 22.2 15.5 21.7 10.8 20.6 18.9 19.7 27.1

70 YEA R S AND O V E R ............... 12.5 9.8 13.5 9.6 11.3 8.3 15.5 5.1 9.9 4.2 5.0 7.9 4.6 13.6

1 Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

10

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-3. Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, age, race, and

Hispanic origin, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION,

C I V I L I A N LABOR FORCE,

AND AGE

MEN WOMEN

TOTAL NEVER

M A RRIED

m a r r i e d ,

SPOU S E

PR E S E N T

OTHER E V E R - M A R R I E D

TOTAL NEV E R

MA R R I E D

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

PR E S E N T

OTHER EVE 3-MARRlEC

TOTAL

MARRIED,

S P OUSE

ABSENT

WI D O W E D

D I ­

VORC E D TOTAL

8&51RIED,

S P OUSE

A B S E N T

W I DOWED

D I ­

VORCED

W H I T E

P O P U L A T I O N

TOTAL, 16 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . 70,831 18,555 45,337 6,939 1,603 1,608 3,728 77,217 14,999 45,351 16,867 2,147 9,371 5,348

16 TO 19 Y E ARS .................... 6,837 6,643 146 49 44 _ 4 6,840 6,120 624 97 61 36

20 TO 24 YEARS . .................. 8,781 5,936 2,494 351 166 2 184 8,942 4,377 3,901 665 294 18 353

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 16,169 3,849 10,700 1,621 470 17 1,135 16,287 2,358 11,580 2,349 655 87 1,608

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 11,205 860 9,022 1,323 316 39 969 11,481 527 9,034 1,920 445 211 1,264

45 TO 54 YEARS . . . ............. 9,588 439 8,180 970 232 109 629 10,129 424 7,883 1,822 285 610 928

55 TO 64 Y E ARS .................... 9,136 453 7,616 1,067 216 329 522 10,329 426 7,193 2,709 244 1,759 707

65 Y E ARS AND O V E R .................. 9,115 377 7,180 1,558 159 1,113 286 13,210 768 5,137 7,305 165 6,688 452

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ............... 38.2 22.2 45.4 46.3 38.9 70.0 40.6 40.7 21.6 42.3 61.0 36.4 70,0 40.4

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

TOTAL, 16 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . 54,328 13,415 36,125 4,788 1,296 439 3,054 39,975 9,744 22,807 7,424 1,327 2,031 4,066

16 TO 19 YEARS .................... 4,001 3,842 123 36 35 1 3,542 3,202 291 49 33 17

20 TO 24 YEARS .................... 7,403 4, 773 2,319 310 145 2 164 6,263 3,372 2,418 473 194 7 272

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 15,209 3,443 10,247 1,518 423 12 1,083 10,946 2,050 7,047 1,850 447 63 1,339

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 10,601 737 8,652 1,212 287 36 889 7,563 437 5,572 1,554 327 144 1,082

45 TO 54 YEARS . .................. 8,824 326 7,653 845 206 94 545 6,218 338 4,526 1,354 190 420 744

55 TO 64 YEARS .................... 6,609 238 5,723 648 164 165 320 4,328 244 2,592 1,492 122 854 515

65 YEARS AND O V E R ................. 1,682 57 1,407 219 36 130 52 1,114 102 360 652 14 542 96

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ............... 35.5 23.0 41.2 39.4 36.6 59.3 38.1 34.3 22.5 38.0 43.6 34.8 59,4 38.7

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E

TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 77.4 72.7 80.6 69.5 82.3 27.3 82.4 51.8 65.0 50.3 44.0 61.8 21.7 76.0

16 TO 19 YEA R S .................... 58.8 58.0 94.8 (1 ) (1 ) _

(1 ) 51.8 52.3 46.7 5 1 .2 (1 ) _

(i >

20 TO 24 YEARS .................... 86.0 81.2 97.0 91.2 90.1 ( ) 92.1 70.0 77,0 62.0 ' 71.1 66.1 P J 77.0

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 95.7 90.2 97.9 95.0 93.7 ( 1 1) 95.9 67.2 86.9 60.9 78.7 68.3 73 .3 83.3

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 96.0 85.8 97.5 92.2 91.9 ( ) 92.3 65.9 83.0 61.7 80.9 73.5 68,4 85,6

45 TO 54 YEARS .................... 92.2 74.3 93.7 87.5 89.4 86.2 87.0 61.4 79.7 57.4 74.3 66.7 68,9 80.2

55 TO 64 YEARS .................... 72.4 52.5 75.2 60.7 75,7 50.2 61.2 41.9 57.3 36.0 55.1 50.1 48.6 72.8

65 Y E ARS AND O V E R .................. 18.5 1 5 .0 19.6 14.0 22 .7 11.7 18 .3 8.4 13.3 7.0 8.9 8 .7 8.1 21 J

B L A C K

P O P U L A T I O N

TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 8,172 3,184 3,470 1,517 591 309 618 10,039 3,206 3,379 3,454 1,171 1,307 976

16 TO 19 Y E A R S .................... 1,116 1,097 14 5 5

- - 1,183 1,134 35 15 15

20 TO 24 YEARS .................... 1,208 969 206 32 26 2 4 1,445 994 320 131 87 5 39

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 1,939 733 891 315 147 4 164 2,348 677 954 717 381 45 292

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 1,232 185 714 333 152 19 162 1,519 173 699 646 304 75 267

45 TO 54 Y E ARS .................... 1,004 96 609 298 107 40 151 1,255 110 579 566 199 167 201

55 TO 64 Y E ARS .................... 843 61 327 255 92 75 88 1,065 56 468 541 118 314 109

65 YEA R S AND O V E R .................. 830 43 308 279 62 169 48 1,224 63 324 838 68 702 68

M E DIAN AGE (YEARS) ............... 34.0 22.6 43.7 47.5 42.7 66.8 43.7 35.3 22.4 40.4 48.8 38.4 66.2 40.9

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 5,549 1,917 2,679 957 422 91 444 5,346 1,614 2,010 1,721 702 348 671

16 TO 19 YEARS .................... 429 415 13 2 1

_ - 378 358 13 7 7 „ =

20 TO 24 YEARS .................... 925 719 181 25 21 2 2 865 583 203 79' 42 4 33

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 1,656 581 80S 267 132 2 133 1,647 461 693 494 250 21 222

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 1,057 126 698 272 126 10 137 1,070 117 497 456 204 43 209

45 TO 54 YEARS .................... 818 49 549 220 79 25 116 793 58 369 366 127 107 133

55 TO 64 YEARS .................... 502 23 390 129 50 32 47 471 29 198 244 57 123 64

65 YEARS AND O V E R .................. 162 4 116 42 12 20 9 121 9 38 74 15 49 10

M E DIAN AGE (YEARS) ............... 33.5 23.8 40.1 41.8 39.5 56.9 41.4 33.6 23.9 36.9 41.2 37.5 54.8 38.8

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E

TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER. . . 68.8 60.5 78.8 63.6 71.9 29.6 72.8 53.2 50.3 59.5 49.8 59.9 26.6 68.8

16 TO 19 YEARS .................... 38.6 37.9 P > ( ’ ) (1) - _ 32.0 31.5 P~> (JJ P ) - _

20 TO 24 YEARS ......... 78.7 75.1 97.2 (' ) <1 ) (1) P > 59,9 58.6 63.5 6 0 .5 48 .2 <1) V )

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 87.6 79.6 94.7 86.6 91.3 (') 83.0 70.1 68.1 72.6 68.8 65.7 <1! 76.1

35 TO 44 YEA R S .................... 87.3 68.0 94.5 82.9 82.9 (<) 86.5 70.5 67.7 71.0 70.6 67.1 50.-2 78.1

45 TO 54 YEARS .................... 81.5 5 0 .6 90.1 73.9 74,2 P I 76.7 63.1 (B) 63.6 64.7 63.9 64.2 65.9

55 TO 64 YEARS .................... 59.6 ( D 66.4 §0^5 5 4 .0 4 2 .5 5 3 .6 44.2 (1 ) 42.3 45.2 48 .4 39.2 5 9 .0

65 YEARS AND O V E R .................. 19.5 P ) 22.8 15 .0 (' ) 12.1 <1 > 9.9 (1) 11 .6 8 .9 ( ’ ) 7 .0 PJ

See footnote at end of table.

11

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-3. Continued—Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, sex, age, race, and

Hispanic origin, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands}

MEN (OMEN

POPULATION, m a r r i e d . OTH E R EVEF -M A R R I E MARRIED, OTHER EVER -MARRIED

C I V I L I A N L A BOR FORCE/

AND AGE

TOTAL NEVER

m a r r i e d

SPOUSE

P R E SENT TOTAL

MARRIED,

S P OUSE

A B SENT

WI D O W E D

D I ­

V O RCED

TOTAL N E VER

MA R R I E D

SPOUSE

PR E S E N T TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOU S E

ABSENT

w i d o w e d

D I ­

VORCED

H IS P A N IC O R IG IN

P O P U L A T I O N

TOTAL/ 16 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . 4/299 1/378 2/443 478 229 71 178 4/607 1/104 2 / 4 8 7 1/016 369 283 363

16 TO 19 YEARS ......... 592 563 23 5 5

_ 572 482 75 15 14 1

20 TO 24 YEA R S ......... 715 461 227 27 26 - 2 719 308 337 74 51 5 17

25 TO 34 YEARS .................. . 1/150 238 760 152 82 3 67 1/247 187 809 251 126 11 114

35 TO 44 YEARS . .................. 728 58 572 98 47 6 45 806 46 568 193 76 16 101

45 TO 54 YEA R S .................... 504 21 409 74 33 10 31 541 34 352 156 47 38 70

55 TO 64 YEA R S .................... 332 23 261 48 23 8 18 418 24 232 161 43 75 44

65 YEARS AND O V E R .................. 278 14 192 72 13 43 16 303 24 114 166 11 139 15

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ...............

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

32.1 21.4 38.7 40.5 35.3 P> 39.5 32.9 21.1 35.4 43.7 34.4 64.7 39.9

TOTAL/ 16 YEA R S AND OVER. . . 3/429 986 2/075 367 190 28 149 2/187 568 1/170 450 148 63 239

16 TO 19 YEA R S .................... 336 310 22 4 4 208 172 30 6 6

20 TO 24 YEA R S .................... 625 391 211 23 21 - 2 403 207 165 30 17 «, 14

25 TO 34 YEARS .................... 1/067 212 710 145 78 3 64 687 122 422 143 54 7 82

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 665 42 534 90 40 6 43 444 32 305 107 34 7 67

45 TO 54 Y E A R S .................... 449 18 370 61 26 9 26 285 20 168 97 22 25 50

55 TO 64 YEARS .................... 233 11 191 32 16 4 12 143 10 77 56 14 17 24

65 YEA R S AND OVER. ............... 54 3 37 14 5 6 3 18 3 4 10 1 7 3

M E D I A N AGE (YEARS) ............... 31.9 22.3 36.8 36.4 34.2 ( .’ ) 37.0 31.8 22.7 34.2 39.2 34.5 - 38.6

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E

P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E

TOTAL/ 16 Y E A R S A N D OVER. . . 80.6 71.6 66.3 77.5 83.7 - 84.5 47.5 51.4 47.0 44.3 39.9 - 65.8

16 TO 19 YEA R S .................... 56.9 55.1 ( ’ ) P> ( 1> - _ 36.4 35.7 3 9 .9 <1 ) P ) _ P )

20 TO 24 YEA R S .................... 88.4 85.0 96.0 ( 1) ( ) - P > 56.1 67.3 49.1 ( ) < ) ( 1> P>

25 TO 34 YEA R S ................................. 94.7 89.0 96.1 96.3 94 .7 ( ' ) ( 1 ) 55.1 65.5 52.1 57.0 4 2 .4 <1) 7271

35 TO 44 YEARS .................... 92.6 (D 95.0 91.0 <i) P > <1 ) 55.1 P ) 53.6 55.7 4 4 .5 <1> 6 5 .9

45 TO 54 Y E ARS . . . . . . . . . 89.5 ( D 90.7 ( 1 ) (' > P> <1 > 52.6 P ) 47.7 62.1 i p ( 1) P )

55 TO 64 YEARS ......... 70.3 P ) 73.2 <1 ) (1 > P> ( 1 ) 34.1 P ) 33.0 34 .4 (' > 22.9 P )

65 YEA R S AND O V E R .................. 19.4 (') 19.3 P> e > (') ( 1 ) 5.8 P ) 3 .5 6 .3 t o 4 .9 P>

'•Rate not shown where base Is less than 75,000.

12

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-4. Major occupation] group ©f employed persons 16 years old and ©wer by full- or part-time status, marital status, sex, and race, March 1981

(Percent distribution)

MEN WOMEN

M A JOR O C C U P A T I O N GROUP MARRIED. OTHER EVER M A RRIED MARRIED, OTHER EVER M A RRIED

AND F U L L - T I M E OR P A R T - T I M E

E M P L O Y M E N T S T ATUS

TOTAL NEVER

MARRIED

SPOU S E

PRESENT TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

ABSENT

W I DOWED

D I ­

VORCED

TOTAL NEV E R

M A R R I E D

SPOUSE

PR E S E N T TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

ABSENT

W I DOWED

D I ­

VORCED

A L L EMPLOYED PERSONS 

A L L O C C U P A T IO N G R O U P S

ALL O C C U P A T I O N GROUPS

N U MBER (THOUSANDS) 56,349 13,302 37,739 5,307 1,610 510 3,187 42,885 10,291 2 3 ,995 8,600 1,816 2,276 4,508

P E R C E N T ............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0

P R O F E S S I O N A L - T E C H N I C A L ..........

M A N A G E R S AND ADMIN I S T R A T O R S /

16.1 13.9 17.1 14.2 12.4 10.9 15.5 17.2 16.7 18.3 14.6 15.6 9.4 16.9

E X C E P T FARM . .................. 15.1 7.3 17.9 14.6 14.0 12.3 15.3 7.4 5.4 7.8 8.9 6.4 8.6 10.0

SALES, .............................. 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.3 7.5 6.4 6.6 7.6 6.5 5.7 3.5 9.6 4.7

C L E R I C A L ............................ 6.3 8.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 6.7 5.5 35.0 36.5 35.3 32.2 32.2 28.9 33.8

C R A F T ................................. 20.8 15.2 22.8 20.9 17.6 18.0 23.1 1.8 1.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.5

OPERATIVES/ EXCEPT T R A N S P O R T . . 11.0 12.1 10.5 12.1 14.7 6.0 11.8 9,4 6.7 10.2 10.4 9.9 11.6 9.9

T R A N S P O R T E Q U I P M E N T O P E R A T I V E S . 5.4 4.8 5.5 6,3 6,8 6.7 5.9 0.7 0,3 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 0,7

LABORERS/ E X C E P T FARM. ..... 6.4 12.1 4.3 7.1 8,5 9.5 6.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.9 1,4

PRI V A T E HOUSEH O L D . .......

SERVICE, EXCE P T

0.1 0.2 * 0.2 0,2 1.0 " 2.5 3.1 1.9 3.6 4.2 6.7 1.9

PR I V A T E H O U S E H O L D ............. 9.1 15.8 6.6 10,5 12.2 14.4 9.0 17,4 20.6 15.1 20.0 23.2 21.5 17.9

FAR M E R S AND FARM M A NAGERS. . . . 2.2 1.1 2.7 1.0 0.8 3.3 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1

FAR M L A B O R E R S AND SUPER V I S O R S . . 1.4 2.5 1.0 1.4 2.4 3.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2

F U L L - T IM E '

ALL O C C U P A T I O N GROUPS, TOTAL . 89.5 73.0 95.0 91.7 91.5 78.7 93.8 71.8 66.4 71.0 80.7 81.5 66.6 87.4

P R O F E S S I O N A L - T E C H N I C A L .....

M A N A G E R S AND ADMINIST R A T O R S ,

14.9 11.8 16.2 13.0 11.9 8.9 14.2 13.5 14.2 13.4 13.0 13.6 7.6 15.4

E X CEPT FARM .................... 14.5 6.7 17.4 13.9 13.3 10.3 14.7 6.5 4.9 6.5 8.1 6.0 6.9 9,6

SALES. .............................. 5.3 4.1 5.7 5.6 4.7 6.1 6.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 2.2 3,9 3.6

C L E R I C A L ............................ 5.3 6.0 5.1 4.7 4.0 4.5 5.1 26.7 26.0 26.7 27.6 27.3 22.1 30.5

C R A F T ................................. 19.8 13.4 22.0 20.0 16.7 15.5 22.4 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.0 2.3

O PERATIVES, E X C E P T T R A N S P O R T . . 10.3 9.9 10.2 11.5 13.9 5.4 11.3 8.5 5.6 9.2 9.6 9.2 9.7 9.6

T R A N S P O R T E Q U I P M E N T O P E R A T I V E S . 4.8 3.8 5.1 5.6 6.2 4.5 5.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.6

LABORERS, EXCE P T F A R M ............. 4.9 7.2 4.0 5.9 7.1 7.5 5.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.3

P R I V A T E H O USEHOLD. . .............

SERVICE, EXCEPT

” 0.1 “ 0.1 0.1 0.6 " 0,9 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.0

P R I V A T E H O U S E H O L D ...... 6.6 7.5 5.9 9.2 10.3 10.4 8.4 9.5 9.4 8.2 13.6 17.1 11.5 13,3

FA R M E R S AND FARM MANA G E R S . . . . 2.0 0.9 2.5 0.9 0.8 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0,3

FARM L A B O R E R S AND SUPE R V I S O R S . . 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.3 2.3 3.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

P A R T - T IM E 2

ALL O C C U P A T I O N GROUPS, TOT A L . 10.5 27.0 5.0 8.3 8.5 21.3 6.2 28.2 33.6 29.0 19.3 18.5 33.4 12.6

P R O F E S S I O N A L - T E C H N I C A L ..........

M A N A G E R S AND ADMIN I S T R A T O R S ,

1.2 2.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.3 3.7 2.5 4.9 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4

E X CEPT FA R M . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.4 1.7 0.4

SALES. . . . . . . ............... 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.5 0,6 1.4 0.4 3.4 4.4 3.4 2.4 1.3 5.6 1.1

CLE R I C A L . . ....................... 1.0 2.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 0.4 8,3 10.5 8.7 4.5 4.8 6.9 3.2

C R A F T ......................... .. 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 2.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 • 0.6 0.2

O P ERATIVES, E X CEPT T R A N S P O R T . . 0.7 2.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.9 0.3

T R A N S P O R T E Q U I P M E N T O P E R A T I V E S . 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1

LABORERS, E X CEPT F A R M ............. 1.5 4.9 0.3 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

PRI V A T E H O U S E H O L D ..................

SERVICE, EXCEPT

0.1 0.2 - 0.1 0,1 0.4 1.6 2.3 1.2 2.0 2.3 4.0 0.9

PR I V A T E H O U S E H O L D ............. 2.6 8.3 0.7 1.3 1.9 4.0 0.6 7.9 11.2 7.0 6.4 6.1 10.1 4.6

F A R M E R S AND FARM M A NAGERS. . . . 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 - 1.5 - 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 -

FARM L A B O R E R S AND SUPER V I S O R S . . 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 -

See footnotes at end of table.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Tabl® B-4. Continued—IMajor ©eouipation group of employed persons 16 years old and over by full- or part-time status,

marital status, sex, and race, March 1981

(Percent distribution)

MEN WOM E N

MAJ O R O C C U P A T I O N GROUP MARRIED. O' HER EVE R M A RRIED MARRIED, O' HER EVER MARRIFt

AND F U L L - T I M E OR PART - T I M E

E M P L O Y M E N T S T ATUS

TOTAL NEVER

M A RRIED

SPOUSE

P R ESENT TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOU S E

ABSENT

WIDOWED

D I ­

VORCED

TOTAL NEVER

MA R R I E D

SPOUSE

P R ESENT TOTAL

MARRIED,

SPOUSE

ABSENT

W I DOWED

D I ­

V O RCED

W H IT E

A L L O C C U P A T I O N G R O U P S

NUMB E R (THOUSANDS) 50,373 11,529 34,4 7 3 4,372 1,193 416 2,762 3 7 ,370 8,858 21,587 6,925 1,179 1,927 3,819

P E R C E N T ............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100,0

P R O F E S S I O N A L - T E C H N I C A L .......... 16.6 14.3 17.4 15.7 14.1 13.1 16.8 17.5 17.2 18.4 15.0 16.5 9,8 17.2

M A N A G E R S AND ADMI N I S T R A T O R S ,

E X C E P T FA R M . .................. 16.0 7.7 18.7 16.1 15.7 14.8 16.4 7.9 5.6 8.2 10.0 7.8 9,7 10.9

SALES, .......... .................. 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.5 8.7 6.6 7.1 7.9 6.9 6.6 4.5 10.8 5.2

C L E R I C A L ............................ 6.0 8.4 5.4 5.3 4.1 7.3 5.5 35.7 36.1 36.1 33.8 35.9 30.9 34.6

C R A F T ................................. 21.3 15.7 23.1 21.6 18.3 18.0 23.5 1.8 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.7

O PERATIVES, E X CEPT T R A N S P O R T . . 10.6 12.0 10.1 11.2 12.9 5.5 11.3 9.0 6.1 9.8 10.1 8.6 12.1 9,6

T R A N S P O R T E Q U I P M E N T OP E R A T I V E S . 5.1 4.7 5.1 6.0 5.6 7.2 5.9 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.8

LABORERS, E X CEPT F A R M ............. 6.0 12.2 3.9 6.1 7.8 7.1 5.2 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.2

P R I V A T E H O U S E H O L D .................. 0.1 0.2 - - 0.2 - - 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.2 1.5 4.3 1.3

SERVICE, EXCE P T

P R I V A T E H O U S E H O L D ............. 8.2 14.4 6.0 8.9 11.5 11.8 7.4 16.3 20.5 14.3 17.3 19.4 18.5 16.2

FAR M E R S AND FARM M A NAGERS. . . . 2 . A 1.2 2.9 1.2 1.1 3.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.1

FARM L A B O R E R S AND SUPER V I S O R S . . 1.3 2.6 0.9 1.2 2.2 2.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.5 0,2 0.3

BLACK

A L L O C C U P A T I O N G R O U P S

N U M B E R (THOUSANDS) A , 651 1,381 2,436 834 361 81 392 4,507 1,192 1,810 1,505 596 313 596

PERCENT. ..... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0

P R O F E S S I O N A L - T E C H N I C A L .......... 8.6 10.3 9.0 4.5 3.4 - 6.4 14.3 11.7 17.1 12.9 14.1 7.5 14.6

M A N A G E R S AND A D M I N I S T R A T O R S ,

E X C E P T FA R M .................... 6.4 3.7 7.4 8.0 9.6 1.7 7.8 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.8 3.2 2.2 5.3

S A L E S ................................. 2.2 1.9 2.0 3.3 1.2 2.4 5.4 3.0 4.7 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.7 2.0

C L E R I C A L ............................ 8.1 11.3 7.2 5.8 6.9 - 6.0 30.6 39.1 29.1 25.7 25.8 18.5 29,5

C R A F T ................................. 17.4 11.5 20.7 17.8 16.3 14.3 19.9 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.3

O PERATIVES, E X C E P T T R A N S P O R T . . 15.4 13.4 15.9 17.4 21.1 9.2 15.7 11.6 11.5 12.5 10.6 11.8 7.9 10.7

T R A N S P O R T E Q U I P M E N T O P E R A T I V E S . 9.8 6.9 12.2 7.8 11.1 4.4 5.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.4 0,1

LABORERS, E X C E P T F A R M ............. 11.5 12.4 10.4 13.0 12.3 22.6 11.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 2.2

PRI V A T E H O U S E H O L D .................. 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.6 - 6.1 - 7.3 4.5 6.7 10.3 9.3 20.6 5,8

SERVICE, EXCEPT

PR I V A T E H O U S E H O L D ............. 17.9 26.4 12.6 18.9 15.3 29.2 20.2 26.5 22.3 25.3 31.3 30.3 38.7 28.4

FA R M E R S AND FARM M A NAGERS. . . . 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 - 1.5 0.1 - - - - ■= - -

FARM L A B O R E R S AND SUPE R V I S O R S . . 2.0 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.8 8.6 1.2 0,2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 - *

' Full-time workers are persons who during the survey week worked 35 hours or more and those who 1 Part-time workers are persons who usually work 1 to 34 hours and worked 1 to 34 hours during the usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours. survey week. Persons with a job but not at work are olassitied by whether they usually work full or part time.

14

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Tab!© B-5. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age and presence and age of own children, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

LAB O R F O R C E AND MA R I T A L S T ATUS

N E V E R - M A R R I E D

WOMEN

ALL E V E R - M A R R I E D WOMEN

P R E S E N C E AND ASE OF OWN LABOR

TOTAL MARRIED, H U SBAND

PR E S E N T

C H I L D R E N AND ASE OF WOMEN

P O P U L A ­

TION

L A BOR

F O RCE

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FOR C E

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

F O RCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

A LL PERSONS

TOT A L ........................... 18,674 11,626 62.3 70,585 34,787 49.3 49,883 2 5 ,460 51.0

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 Y E ARS , . 17,567 11,048 62.9 39,964 16,944 42.4 24,666 11,426 46.3

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L ............ 15,126 9,763 64.5 6,031 5,037 83.5 4,681 3,890 63.1

16 TO 19 YEARS .................. 7,321 3,581 48.9 411 237 57.7 346 202 58.3

20 TO 24 YEA R S ........ 5,176 3,893 75.2 2,168 1,791 82.6 1,814 1,507 83.1

25 TO 34 YEA R S ........ 2,628 2,288 87.1 3,453 3,009 87.1 2,521 2,181 86.5

35 Y E ARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . . 2,441 1,286 52.7 33,932 11,907 35.1 19,985 7,535 37.7

35 TO 44 Y E A R S .......... .. . . 613 509 83.0 2,555 1,922 75.2 1,704 1,209 70.9

45 Y E ARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . 1,829 777 42.5 31,378 9,985 31.8 18,281 6,326 34.6

45 TO 54 Y E ARS ............... 511 391 76.4 7,158 4,507 63.0 5,456 3,250 59,6

55 Y E ARS AND O V E R ............ 1,317 387 29.4 24,219 5,479 22.6 12,824 3,077 24,0

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOT A L ....... . . . . . . 1,107 579 52.3 30,621 17,843 58.3 25,217 14,035 55.7

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . . . 954 495 51.9 15,962 8,911 55.8 13,234 7,037 53,2

16 TO 19 YEARS ........ 76 30 39.7 376 130 34.5 324 106 32,7

20 TO 24 Y E A R S .......... .. . . 367 160 43.6 2,974 1,438 48.3 2,513 1,158 46.1

25 TO 34 Y E A R S .......... .. . . 511 304 59.6 12,612 7,343 58.2 10,398 5,773 55,5

35 Y E A R S AND OVER, TOTAL . . . . 153 84 55.2 14,660 8,932 60.9 11,982 6,997 58,4

35 TO 44 YEA R S ................. 115 67 58.5 10,098 6,406 63.4 8,334 5,070 60.8

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . 38 17 P> 4,561 2,526 55.4 3,649 1,928 52,8

45 TO 54 YEA R S ....... 35 16 P ) 3,948 2,276 57.6 3,200 1,770 55.3

55 YEA R S AND OVER. .......... 3 1 <1 > 613 249 40.7 448 158 35,3

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17 YEARS,

NONE YOUNGER, TOTAL . . . , . 389 252 64.6 17,158 11,238 65.5 13,492 8,432 62.5

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . . 268 187 69.7 4,542 3,233 71.2 3,314 2,244 67.7

16 TO 19 YEARS ....... 3 1 (’ ) 18 6 P ) 16 5 (1 )

20 TO 24 YEARS ............... 28 18 P ) 119 90 75.4 83 57 69,2

25 TO 34 YEA R S . . . . . . . 237 168 70.8 4,405 3,137 71.2 3,214 2,182 67,9

35 Y E ARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . 121 65 53.3 12,616 8,005 63.4 10,178 6,188 60.8

35 TO 44 Y E A R S .......... .. . 84 48 57.2 8,189 5,543 67.7 6,6 3 8 4,311 65.0

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . 37 16 <1 > 4,427 2,462 55.6 3,540 1,877 53,0

45 TO 54 Y E ARS ...... 34 15 P > 3,821 2,215 58.0 3,096 1,720 55.6

55 YEARS AND O V E R .......... 3 1 (1 > 607 248 40.8 445 156 35,2

WITH OWN CHIL D R E N UNDER

6 YEARS, T O T A L .................... 717 328 45.7 13,463 6,605 49.1 11,725 5,603 47,8

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L .......... 686 308 44.9 11,420 5,678 49.7 9,921 4,793 48.3

16 TO 19 YEA R S . . . . . . . 74 29 P 1 359 124 34.5 308 101 32.9

20 TO 24 YEA R S ....... 339 142 42.0 2,855 1,348 47.2 2,430 1,101 45.3

25 TO 34 YEA R S . . . . . . . 273 136 49.9 8,207 4,207 51.3 7,183 3,591 50.0

35 YEA R S AND o v e r , TOTAL . . . 32 20 (1 > 2,043 927 45.4 1,804 809 44,9

35 TO 44 YEA R S ............... 31 19 <1 ) 1,909 864 45.2 1,696 758 44,7

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . 1 1 P ) 134 63 47.3 108 51 47.2

45 TO 54 YEARS ...... 1 1 P ) 128 62 48.2 105 49 47.1

55 YEARS AND OVER. . . . . - 6 2 P ) 4 2 P >

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 3 TO 5

YEARS, NONE U N DER 3 .... . 245 134 54.7 5,290 2,973 56.2 4,351 2,383 54,8

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . 231 128 55.4 3,996 2,349 58.8 3,2 1 4 1,843 57.3

16 TO 19 Y E ARS ...... 6 3 P> 17 4 P ) 13 2 (1)

20 TO 24 Y E ARS ............ 105 59 55.9 595 358 60.3 421 242 57,5

25 TO 34 YEARS ...... 120 67 55.4 3,384 1,987 58.7 2,781 1,599 57.5

35 YEA R S AND OVER, TOTAL . . 14 6 P ) 1,293 624 48.2 1,137 540 47,5

35 TO 44 YEARS ............. 13 5 P ) 1,189 577 48.5 1,052 503 47,8

45 YEARS AND OVER, T O TAL . 1 1 P ) 104 47 44.7 85 38 44,5

45 TO 54 YEARS . . . . . 1 1 P > 98 45 45.9 82 36 44.4

55 YEA R S A n d OVER. . . . * - 6 2 P ) 3 2 (4)

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

3 YEA R S .......... ...... 472 193 41.0 8,174 3,633 44.4 7,374 3,219 43,7

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . 454 180 39.5 7,424 3,329 44.8 6,707 2,950 44.0

16 TO 19 YEA R S ............. 68 26 <11, 342 120 35.1 295 99 33.6

20 TO 24 YEARS ............. 234 83 35.7 2,260 990 43.8 2,009 859 42,7

25 TO 34 YEARS ............ 153 70 45.6 4,823 2,220 46.0 4,402 1,993 45.3

35 YEA R S AND OVER, TOTAL . . 18 14 P ) 750 304 40.5 667 269 40,3

35 TO 44 YEARS ...... 18 14 P> 720 287 39.8 644 256 39,7

45 YEA R S AND OVER, TOTAL . - - 30 17 P ) 23 13 Pi)

45 TO 54 YEA R S . . . . . - . - 30 17 Pl> 23 13 (IP

55 YEARS An d OVER. . . . * “ *

See footnote at end of table.

15

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
“ “ “ , L A BOR f o r c e a n d m a r i t a l s t a t u s

Table B-5. Continued-Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age and presence

and age of own children, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

ALL OTHER E V E R - H A R R I E D WOMEN

TOTAL m a r r i e d , SPOUSE ABSENT W I DOWED DIV O R C E D

P R E S E N C E AND AGE OF OWN

C H I L D R E N AND AGE OF WOMEN P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

l a b o r

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

r a t e

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

A LL PERSONS

T O TAL ............................ 20,7 0 2 9,327 45.1 3,412 2,076 60.8 10,845 2,416 22.3 6,445 4,835 75.0

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 YEA R S . . 15,297 5,518 36.1 1,601 959 59.9 10,196 2,024 19.9 3,500 2,535 72.4

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L ............. 1,350 1,147 84.9 479 372 77.6 32 26 P ) 839 749 89.2

16 TO 19 YEARS .................. 64 35 P > 47 25 ( 1 ) - - 16 9 P )

20 TO 24 Y E ARS .................. 354 284 80.3 178 133 74.7 8 5 P ) 168 146 87.2

25 TO 34 YEARS .................. 932 828 88.8 253 214 84.3 24 21 (i) 655 593 90.5

35 Y E ARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . . . 13,947 4,372 31.3 1,122 587 52.3 10,164 1,998 19.7 2,661 1,786 67.1

35 TO 44 Y E ARS ................. 850 713 83.8 218 172 79.0 107 75 70.5 526 466 88.5

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . 13,097 3,659 27.9 905 415 45.9 10,057 1,923 19.1 2,135 1,320 61.9

45 TO 54 YEA R S ............... 1,702 1,257 73.8 328 222 67.6 545 374 68.7 830 661 79.7

55 Y E ARS AND O V E R ............. 11,395 2,402 21.1 577 194 33.6 9,513 1,549 16.3 1,305 659 50.5

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOTAL .............................. 5,405 3,808 70.5 1,811 1,116 61.7 649 392 60.3 2,945 2,300 78.1

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L ............. 2,727 1,874 68.7 1,057 623 58.9 123 70 57.2 1,547 1,181 76.3

16 TO 19 YEARS .................. 52 24 P ) 33 17 (1 ) - P ) 19 7 P >

20 TO 24 Y E ARS .................. 461 280 60.7 213 107 50.2 15 6 (1 ) 233 167 71.6

25 TO 34 Y E ARS .................. 2,214 1,570 70.9 811 499 61.5 108 64 59.4 1,295 1,007 77.8

35 Y E ARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . . . 2,677 1,934 72.3 753 494 65.5 527 321 61.0 1,397 1,119 80.1

35 TO 44 YEARS .................. 1,765 1,337 75.8 548 371 67.6 188 118 62.8 1,029 848 82.4

45 Y E ARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . . 913 598 65.5 206 123 60.0 339 203 60.0 368 271 73.6

45 TO 54 Y E ARS ............... 748 506 67.7 174 107 61.2 250 163 65.2 324 237 73.2

55 YEARS AND O V E R ............. 165 91 55.3 32 17 (1 ) 89 40 45.3 45 34 P )

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17 YEARS,

NO N E YOUNGER, T O TAL .......... 3 , 667 2,806 76.5 1,016 711 70.0 565 356 63,0 2,086 1,740 83.4

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L .......... 1,228 989 80.5 356 258 72.7 68 46 (t ) 805 685 85.0

16 TO 19 Y E ARS ............... 1 1 P ) - - - .. - 1 1 (1)

20 TO 24 Y E ARS ............... 36 33 P > 10 7 P ) . P> _ “ I 26 25

25 TO 34 Y E ARS . ............. 1,191 955 80.2 345 251 72.7 68 46 P ) 778 658 84,6

35 Y E ARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . . 2,439 1,817 74.5 660 452 68.5 497 310 62.3 1,281 1,055 82.3

35 TO 44 Y E ARS ............... 1,552 1,231 79.4 457 329 72.0 164 108 66.0 930 793 65.3

45 YEARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . 887 586 66.0 203 123 60.6 333 201 60.4 352 262 74.4

45 TO 54 Y E ARS ............. 725 494 68.2 171 106 62.0 245 161 65.7 309 227 73.5

55 YEA R S AND O V E R .......... 162 91 56.3 32 17 P ) 88 40 45.7 42 34 P )

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

6 YEARS, T O T A L .................. 1,738 1,003 57.7 795 406 51.0 85 36 42.2 858 561 65.4

16 TO 34 YEARS, T O T A L .......... 1,499 885 59.0 702 364 51.9 55 24 P ) 742 496 66.9

( 1 )

16 TO 19 YEA R S ............... 51 23 P> 33 17 P ) _ 18 6

20 TO 24 YEA R S ............... 425 247 58.2 203 100 49.1 15 6 P ) 207 141 68.4

25 TO 34 YEARS ............... 1,023 615 6 0 .1 466 248 53.2 41 18 P ) 517 349 67.5

35 YEA R S AND OVER, TOT A L . . . 239 118j 49.3 93 42 44.5 29 12 P > 116 65 55.6

35 TO 44 YEARS ............... 213 105 49.5 90 41 45.4 23 9 P ) 99 55 55.3

( 1) 45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . . 26 12 P > 3 1 P ) 6 2 ( 1 ) 17 10

45 TO 54 YEA R S ............. 23 12 P > 3 1 P ) 5 2 ( 1) 15 10 ( 1)

55 YEARS AND O V E R .......... 3 - P ) - - - 1 ( 1) 2 p )

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 3 TO 5

YEARS, NONE UND E R 3 . . . . 936 589 6 2 .8 355 191 53.9 56 30 P ) 527 368 69.9

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . 782 506 64.8 302 163 54.0 34 20 P ) 446 323 72.6

16 TO 19 YEARS ............. 5 2 P > 2 2 (1 1 - - - 3 P )

20 TO 24 YEA R S ............ 174 116 67.0 64 36 P ) 9 4 ( 1) 101 76 75.2

25 TO 34 YEA R S ............ 603 388 64.3 236 125 52.9 25 16 t 1) 342 248 72.3

35 YEARS AND OVER, T O TAL . . 157 83 53.1 53 28 ( 1 ) 22 10 P ) 82 45 55.2

( 1 ) 35 TO 44 YEA R S ..................... 137 74 54.2 52 28 P ) 17 8 <1) 68 38

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOT A L . 19 9 <1 ) 1

« P ) 4 2 ( 1) 14 7 (1)

45 TO 54 YEARS ................. 16 9 P > 1

. P ) 4 2 ( 1) 11 7 p j

55 YEARS AND OVER. . . . 3 - P > - - - 1 P ) 2 p i

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R

3 Y E ARS ....................... 800 413 51.7 440 214 48.7 28 6 P ) 331 192 58.1

16 TO 34 YEARS, TOTAL. . . . 717 379 52.8 400 201 50.4 21 4 P ) 297 173 58.3

(1 ) 16 TO 19 YEA R S ............. 47 21 (1 ) 31 15 P )

_ 16 6

20 TO 24 Y E A R S ............ 251 131 52.2 139 64 45.7 6 2 P ) 106 66 61.8

25 TO 34 YEARS ............ 420 227 54.1 230 123 53.6 15 2 P ) 175 102 58.0

35 YEARS AND OVER, TOT A L . . 82 34 41.9 40 13 (1 ) 7 2 P > 34 20 P )

35 TO 44 YEA R S ............. 76 31 40.9 38 13 P ) 6 2 P ) 31 16 (')

45 YEARS AND OVER, TOTAL . 7 4 t1 ) 2 - P ) 2 P ) 3 3 P )

45 TO 54 YEARS .......... 7 4 (' ) 2 - P ) 2

_ P ) 3 3 P )

55 YEARS AND OVER. . . . “ <1 ) " " “ “ ~ “

Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Digitized for FRASER 

16

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-6. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age, presence

and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin, SViareh 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

L A B O R F O RCE AND M A R I T A L S T ATUS

NE V E R - M A R R I E D

___ WOMEN

ALL E V E R - M A R R I E D WOMEN

AGE OF WOM E N BY P R ESENCE AND LABOR

TOTAL MARRIED* HU S B A N D

PR E S E N T

AGE OF OWN C H I L D R E N AND RACE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

r a t e

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

F O RCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

W H IT E

T O TAL ................................. . 14*999 9*744 65.0 62*218 30*2 3 0 48.6 45*351 22*807 50,3

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 Y E ARS . . 14*577 9*537 65.4 35*775 15*075 42.1 22*811 10*476 45.9

16 TO 34 YEARS ......... 12*473 8*439 67.7 5*480 4*630 84.5 4*330 3*627 83,8

35 YEA R S AND O V E R ................. 2*104 1*098 52.2 30*295 10*446 34.5 18*481 6*849 37,1

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 YEARS*

TOTAL . ............... .. 422 207 49.0 26*443 15*155 57.3 22*541 12*330 54,7

16 TO 34 Y E A R S ............... .. . 381 185 48.4 13,735 7*499 54.6 11*775 6*130 52.1

35 YEA R S AND O V E R ................. 41 22 <1 ) 12*708 7,656 60.2 10*766 6*201 57,6

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17*

NO N E YOUNGER* TOTAL .......... 136 86 63.1 14*822 9*616 64.9 12*136 7*508 61,9

16 TO 34 YEARS ........ 101 67 65.9 3*833 2*690 70.2 2*929 1*955 66,7

35 Y E ARS AND O V E R ............... 35 19 <1 ) 10*989 6*926 63.0 9*206 5*553 60,3

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER 6

Y E ARS .................... .. 286 121 42.3 11*621 5*539 47.7 10*405 4*822 46,3

16 TO 34 Y E A R S ............ .. 280 118 42.1 9,902 4*808 48.6 8*8 4 5 4*174 47.2

35 YEA R S AND OVER. ....... 6 3 (1) 1*719 730 42.5 1*560 648 41,5

B L A C K

TOTAL ............................ .. 3*206 1*614 50.3 6*833 3*731 54.6 3*379 2*010 59,5

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEA R S „ . 2*541 1*253 49.3 3*533 1*555 44.0 1*455 733 50.4

16 TO 34 YEA R S ............. .. 2*250 1*101 49.0 391 305 77.9 231 189 81.8

35 YEA R S AND O V E R .................. 292 152 51.9 3*141 1*250 39.8 1*225 545 44,5

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS*

TOT A L ....................... .. 664 361 54.4 3*301 2*176 65.9 1*924 1*277 66,4

16 TO 34 YEA R S .................. .. 554 300 54.0 1*781 1*185 66.5 1*078 721 66,9

35 Y E ARS AND O V E R ................. 110 62 56.0 1*519 992 65.3 846 556 65,7

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17*

NO N E YOUNGER* TOTAL .......... 248 162 65.4 1*918 1*333 69.5 1*025 699 68,2

16 TO 34 YEARS . . . .......... 164 117 71.5 614 480 78.2 318 247 77,9

35 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 84 45 53.5 1*304 853 65.4 707 452 63.9

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER 6

Y E A R S ................. .. 417 199 47.8 1*383 843 61.0 899 578 64.3

16 TO 34 YEARS .................. .. 391 182 46.7 1*168 705 60.4 761 474 62.3

35 YEA R S AND OVER. ....... 26 17 (V ) 216 138 64.2 139 104 75,1

H IS P A N IC O R IG IN

TOTAL .............................. .. . 1*104 568 51.4 3*503 1*620 46.2 2,487 1*170 47,0

NO OWN CHI L D R E N U N D E R 18 YEA R S . . 1*001 535 53.5 1*260 543 43.1 746 347 46,5

16 TO 34 Y E ARS ......... 895 480 53.6 262 183 69.8 201 139 69,1

35 YEA R S AND OVER. ....... 106 55 52.2 997 360 36.1 544 208 38,2

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS*

TOT A L . . . .......... 103 32 31.2 2*243 1*077 48.0 1*741 823 47.3

16 TO 34 YEARS ......... 82 22 26.9 1*299 613 47.2 1*020 478 46,9

35 Y E A R S AND O V E R ................. 22 10 (1 ) 944 464 49.1 721 345 47,9

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17*

n o n e y o u n g e r * t o t a l ..... 32 13 ( O 1*019 555 54.4 736 387 52,6

16 TO 34 Y E A R S ............... . 12 4 <1 ) 286 173 60.4 186 110 59,5

35 YEA R S AND OVER. ...... 19 9- l' > 733_ 382 52*1 -551 271- . 50,2

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER 6

Y E ARS .... ................. 71 20 (1 > 1*224 522 42.7 1*005 436 43,4

16 TO 34 Y E ARS .................... 69 18 (1 > 1*012 441 43.5 835 368 44,0

35 Y E A R S AND O V E R ................. 2 2 <1 > 212 82 38.7 171 69 40.2

See footnote at end of table.

17

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-6. Continued—Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age, presence

and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

LABOR F O RCE AND MA R I T A L STATUS'

AGE OF WOM E N BY P R E S E N C E AND

AGE OF OWN C H I L D R E N AND RACE

____________________________________________ ALL OTHER EV ER-MARRIED WOMEN

TOTAL MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT W I DOWED D I VORCED

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

l a b o r

f o r c e

p a r t i c ­

i p a t i o n

r a t e

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

P O P U L A ­

TION

LABOR

FORCE

LABOR

FORCE

P A R T I C ­

IPATION

RATE

W HiTE

T O T A L ...................................... 16*867 7*424 44.0 2*147 1*327 61.8 9*371 2*031 21.7 5*348 4*066 76.0

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 YEARS . . 12*964 4*599 35.5 1*070 661 61.8 8,915 1*751 19.6 2*980 2 / 187 73.4 15 TO 34 YEARS . . . ............ 1*150 1*003 67.2 369 304 82.5 29 24 (1 > 752 675 89.8 35 YEARS AND O V E R .................. 11*814 3,596 30.4 701 357 51.0 8*885 1*728 19.4 2*228 1*511 67,8

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER 18 YEARS,

TOTAL .... .................... 3*902 2*825 72.4 1*077 666 61.8 457 279 61.2 2*368 1^879 79.4 16 TO 34 YEARS ......... 1*960 1*369 69.8 641 370 57.8 75 47 62.5 1*245 952 76.5

35 YEARS AND O V E R .................. 1*942 1*456 75.0 437 296 67.8 382 233 60.9 1*123 927 82.5

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17,

NONE YOUNGER, TOTAL .......... 2*686 2*108 78.5 594 420 70.6 407 263 64,8 1*685 1*425 64.6

16 TO 34 YEARS ................. 904 735 81.3 211 151 71.3 43 33 P ) 649 551 84.9

35 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 1*782 1*373 77.1 383 269 70.3 364 230 63.3 1*036 874 84.4

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N U N D E R 6

y e a r s ............................ 1*216 716 58.9 483 246 51.0 50 16 <1 ) 683 454 66.5

16 TO 34 YEARS .................. 1*057 634 60.0 430 219 51.1 32 13 (' ) 595 401 67.4

35 YEA R S AND O V E R ............... 160 82 51.7 54 27 (1 ) 18 2 P > 87 53 60.7

BLACK

T O T A L ...................................... 3*454 1*721 49.8 1*171 702 59.9 1*307 348 26.6 976 671 68.8

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N D E R 18 YEA R S . . 2*077 822 39.6 483 276 57.1 1*133 244 21.6 461 302 65.3

16 TO 34 YEA R S .................... 161 116 72.4 92 58 63.3 2 2 P > 66 55 P >

35 YEARS AND O V E R ................. 1*917 705 36.8 391 217 55.6 1*130 242 21.4 396 246 62.2

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 YEARS,

TOTAL .............................. 1*377 899 65.3 688 426 61.9 174 104 59.6 515 370 71.8

16 TO 34 YEARS .................... 703 464 66.0 390 240 61.6 47 23 ( ’ ) 265 200 75.4

35 YEA R S AND O V E R .................. 674 436 64.7 298 185 62.3 127 81 63.6 249 170 68.1

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17,

NO N E YOUNGER, TOT A L .......... 893 634 71.0 397 277 69.9 141 84 59.9 355 272 76.6

16 TO 34 YEARS .................. 296 232 78.5 137 106 77.1 25 13 (1 ) 134 114 84.8

35 Y E A R S AND O V E R ............... 597 401 67.3 260 172 66.1 116 72 61.6 221 158 71.6

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 6

Y E ARS ............................ 484 266 54.9 291 148 51.0 34 19 P ) 160 98 61.2

16 TO 34 YEARS ................. 407 231 56.8 253 135 53.2 23 10 P ) 131 86 65.8

35 Y E ARS AND O V E R ............... 77 34 44.6 38 14 P ) 11 9 P ) 28 11 (1 )

HISPANIC ORIGIN

T O T A L ...................................... 1*016 450 44.3 369 148 39.9 283 63 22.3 363 239 65.8

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 18 YEA R S . . 514 196 38.1 127 57 44.7 233 42 18.2 154 97 63.1

16 TO 34 YEARS .................... 61 44 P ) 34 23 P ) 1 1 (R) 26 20 P )

35 YEARS AND O V E R ................. 453 152 33.5 93 34 36.7 232 41 17.7 128 77 59.9

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOTAL .............................. 502 254 50.6 243 91 37.5 50 21 P ) 209 142 67.9

16 TO 34 YEARS .................... 279 135 48.6 158 54 34.3 15 6 P ) 106 75 70.9

35 Y E ARS AND O V E R .................. 223 118 53.1 85 37 43.3 35 15 P ) 103 67 64.8

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17,

NONE YOUNGER, TOTAL .......... 283 167 59.3 104 52 49.7 37 17 P ) 142 99 69.4

16 TO 34 YEARS .................. 101 62 62.1 40 19 P ) 6 3 P ) 55 40 P )

35 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 182 105 57.7 63 32 <1 ) 31 14 P ) 87 58 66.9

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER 6

YEARS ............................ 219 86 39.4 139 39 28.4 13 4 P ) 67 43 P )

16 TO 34 YEA R S .................. 178 73 **1.0 117 35 29.8 9 3 P ) 51 35 P )

35 YEARS AND O V E R ............... 41 13 P > 22 4 P ) 4 1 P ) 15 8 P )

' Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Digitized 

18

for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-7. Labor force participation rates of married women, husband present, 16 years ©id and

over by 1980 income of husband, age, and presence and age of own children, March 1981

(Participation rate)

INCOME OF HU S B A N D

AND AGE OF OWN C H I L D R E N

TOTAL

u n d e r

$3,000

$3,000

TO

$9,999

$5,000

TO

$6,999

$7,000

TO

$9,999

$10,000

TO

$12,999

$ 1 3,000

TO

$19,999

$ 1 5,000

TO

$ 1 9,999

$ 2 0,000

TO

$2 9 , 9 9 9

$25,000

TO

$ 3 9,999

$ 3 5,000

TO

$ 9 9,999

$ 5 0,000

AND

OVER

ALL PERSONS

TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND

OVER. ....... 51,0 96.2 33.8 36.8 99.5 53.9 57.9 59.6 57.6 53.9 96,9 39.9

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18

YEARS, T O T A L ............. 96.3 91.2 28.9 30.9 37.8 98.1 53.3 58.3 57.7 53.7 95.0 33.7

16 TO 3<* YEARS,

TOTAL 1 / ............... 83.1 72.8 76.1 73.9 80.8 85.2 83.7 87.5 85.9 86.6 77.7 (?)

16 TO 19 YEA R S 1/. . . 58.3 (2) (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2) (2)

20 TO 29 YEA R S .... 83.1 78.5 (2) 80,6 89.8 85.6 81.7 89.5 83.6 79.0 (2) (2)

25 TO 39 Y E A R S .... 86.5 78.7 <2 > 75.6 82.3 89.8 87.5 90.8 87.0 89.9 76.3 (2 >

35 YEARS AND OVER. . . . 37.7 33.8 29.6 29.5 29.5 36.9 92.3 96.8 99.0 97.7 91,6 31.0

95 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . 39.6 30.5 23.3 22.9 27.1 33.9 38.9 99.0 95.7 99.9 37.1 29.1

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N U N DER

18 YEARS, TOTAL .... 55.7 53.5 99.9 50.0 55.9 59.8 61.6 60.6 57.5 53.3 98.9 39.9

16 TO 39 YEARS,

T O TAL 1/. ..... . 53.2 50.7 50.5 97.0 52.9 57.0 60.5 58.7 59.0 99.9 93.5 31.9

16 TO 19 Y E ARS 1/. . . 32.7 (2) (2) (2) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

20 TO 29 Y E ARS .... 96.1 (2) (2) (2) 98,3 53.1 99.8 97.7 92.7 (2) (2 ) (2)

25 TO 39 Y E ARS .... 55.5 57.7 53.9 53.3 56.8 59.9 69,5 61.7 56.0 96,2 99.1 (2 >

35 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . . 58.9 56.6 98.1 59,6 59,8 69.3 63.3 63.9 61.2 59.5 50.6 36.2

95 YEARS AND OVER. . . 52.8 50.5 (2) 59.1 59.1 58.6 56,8 59.5 53.8 52.9 97,3 39.1

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO

17 YEARS, NONE

YOUNGER, TOTAL. . . . 62.5 59.8 53.2 57.9 69,9 67.7 66.7 68.2 65.2 62.2 • 53,9 39.9

16 TO 39 YEARS,

tTl> TOTAL 1 / ............ 67.7 (2) (2) 73^7 72.2 72,3 73.6 69,5 61.1 51.9 (?)

16 TO 19 YEARS 1/. . (2) (2) (2) (2) (2 ) ( 2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2.) (2)

20 TO 29 YEA R S . . . (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2 > (2) (2) (2 > (2) (2) (2) (?)

25 TO 39 YEA R S . . . 67.9 <2 ) (2) (2) 72.9 72.3 73.3 73.8 69.9 61.6 (2) (2 >

35 YEARS AND OVER. . . 60.8 58.1 50.9 56.1 60.9 65.7 69.9 65.9 63.7 62.9 53.7 39.8

95 YEARS AND OVER. . 53.0 52.3 (2 ) 53.9 53.6 58.9 56.3 59.1 53.9 53.2 98.3 39.8

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 19

TO 17, NONE

Y O UNGER ...... 63.3 58.6 (2) 63.7 69.2 68.1 66.5 69.9 69.9 62.1 58.0 95.2

16 TO 39 YEARS,

TOT A L 1/. . . . 75.9 <2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2> (2) (2) (?) (?)

16 TO 19

YEA R S 1/. . . . (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (?) ( 2) (?) (?) (?) (?)

20 TO 29 YEARS . . (2 ) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

25 TO 39 YEARS . . 78.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) <2 > (2) ( 2> ( 2 > (2) (2) (2)

35 YEARS AND OVER. . 62.8 58.8 <2) 62.2 62.9 67.9 69.9 69.6 69.9 62.1 57.2 99.7

95 YEARS AND

O V E R ............. 55.9 (2) (2) <2 ) 56,8 59.6 (?) 62.7 56.7 53.8 98.9 (2)

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 6

TO 13, NONE

YO U N G E R ............. 62.1 60.9 53.5 59.2 69,5 67.9 66.8 67.5 65.5 62.2 51.2 36.1

16 TO 39 YEARS,

TOTAL 1/. . . . 67.9 (2) (2) (2 ) 72.9 72.1 71.0 73.5 69.5 61.1 (2) (2)

16 TO 19

YEA R S 1/. . . . (2J (2) (2) ("2) (2) (2) (?) (2) (?) (?) (2) (2)

20 TO 29 Y E ARS . . (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2) (2) (2)

25 TO 39 Y E ARS . . 67.9 <2) (2) < 2> 71.8 72.2 71.5 73.8 69.9 61.7 (2) (.2)

35 YEARS AND OVER. . 59.9 57.7 (2 ) 50.5 58.9 63.9 69.0 63.3 63.2 62.6 51.7 36.6

95 Y E A R S AND

O V E R ............. 99.0 (?) (?) (2) (2) (J ) (2) 52.2 99.6 52.3 (2 ) (2)

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N

UND E R 6 Y E ARS .... 97.8 96.5 95.2 93.5 98.1 53.0 57.9 53.2 97.7 39.3 37.8 25.7

16 TO 39 YEARS,

TOTAL 1/. .... . 98.3 96.1 97.1 93,5 97.2 52,6 57.3 53.7 98.0 38.5 39.9 (?)

16 TO 19 YEARS 1/. . (2) (2) (2) (2 ) (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2 ) (?) (2) (2)

20 TO 29 Y E ARS . . . 95.3 (2) (2) (2) 96.0 52.9 99.3 97.0 91.2 (2 ) (2 ) (2)

25 TO 39 Y E ARS . . . 50.0 53.1 (2) 99,5 99.7 53.2 61.2 56.5 99.8 39.9 90.7 (2)

35 YEARS AND OVER. . . 99,9 (2) ( 2) (2) ( 2) 56.8 (2) 99.0 96.3 92.3 (2 ) (2)

95 YEARS AND OVER. . (2) (2) < 2> (2) ( 2) (2 ) (2) ( 2) (2) (2 ) (2 ) (2 >

1 May include wives 14 and 15 years old. 2 Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

19

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(Numbers in thousands)

Table B-8. Work experience in 1980 of married women, husband present, 16 years o!d and over by

presence and age of own children, and race, March 1981

_________________ WO R K E X P E R I E N C E OF WIFE D U R I N G YEAR_____________________________

W I VES WITH WORK PE R C E N T D I S T R I B U T I O N OF W I V E S WI T H WO R K E X P E R I E N C E

E X P E R I E N C E_____________________ _______________________________

ITEM WITH NO FULL TIME 1/ PART TIME 2/

TOTAL

WIVES

WORK

E X P E R I ­

ENCE

n u m b e r

PERCENT

OF P O P ­

ULATION

TOTAL TOTAL

50 TO

52

WEEKS

27 TO

49

WEEKS

1 TO

26

WEEKS

TOTAL

27

WEEKS

OR

MORE

1 TO

26

WEEKS

A LL PERSONS

T O T A L .............................. 49,8 8 3 21,194 28,689 57.5 100.0 67.2 44.1 12.5 10.6 32.8 21.3 11.4

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N D E R 18 YEARS,

T O TAL ....... . . . . . . 24,666 11,960 12,706 51.5 100.0 73.1 52.5 12.3 8.3 26.9 19.2 7.7

HU S B A N D UND E R 35 YEARS .......... 4 , 223 378 3,845 91.0 100,0 82.8 57,1 16.5 9.1 17.2 10.4 6.8

HU S B A N D 35 TO 54 YEA R S ..... 5 , 683 1,770 3,913 68.9 100.0 74.8 55.6 11.2 7,9 25,2 19.0 6.3

HU S B A N D 55 Y E ARS AND OVER. . . . 14,761 9,812 4,949 33.5 100.0 64.4 46,4 10.0 8.0 35,6 26.2 9,5

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOTAL. ......................... . 2 5 ,217 9,234 15,983 63.4 100,0 62.6 37.4 12.7 12.5 37,4 23.0 14,4

WITH O W N C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17 YEARS

ONLY. ...... ............ 13,492 4,316 9,176 68.0 100,0 63.2 42.5 11.3 9.4 36,8 25.4 11.4

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 6 YEARS,

T O T A L ............................ 11,725 4,918 6,807 58.1 100.0 61.8 30,5 14.6 16.7 38,2 19.8 18.5

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N 3 TO 5

YEARS, NONE UND E R 3 YEA R S . 4,351 1,737 2,614 60.1 100.0 62.4 37,8 12.1 12.6 37.6 22.4 15.2

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

3 Y E A R S ...................... 7,3 7 4 3,181 4,192 56.9 100,0 61.4 25.9 16.1 19.3 38.6 18.1 20.5

W H I T E

T O T A L .............................. 45,351 19,503 25,849 57.0 100.0 66.3 43.3 12.4 10.6 33.7 21.9 11.9

NO OWN C H I L D R E N U N D E R 18 YEARS,

TOT A L . . . ....................... 22,811 11,128 11,683 51.2 100,0 73.2 52.6 12.3 8.3 26.8 19.1 7.8

H U S B A N D U N DER 35 YEA R S .......... 3,911 318 3,593 91.9 100,0 82.8 57,4 16.4 9.1 17.2 10.4 6.8

H U S B A N D 35 TO 54 YEA R S .......... 5,180 1,631 3,549 68.5 100,0 74.4 55.3 11.2 7.9 25.6 19.2 6.4

H U S B A N D 55 YEA R S AND OVER. . . . 13,719 9,179 4,540 33.1 100,0 64.6 46.8 9.9 7.9 35.4 25.8 9.6

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOTAL. . . ....................... 22,541 8,375 14,166 62.8 100.0 60.5 35,6 12.5 12.5 39.5 24.2 15.3

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17 YEARS

O N L Y ......................... 12,136 3,915 8,221 67.7 100.0 61.4 40.9 11.1 9.4 38.6 26.4 12.2

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 6 YEARS,

TOTAL . . . ......... 10,405 4,460 5,945 57.1 100,0 59.4 - 2 8 . 2 14.4 16.8 40.6 21.1 19.5

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N 3 TO 5

YEARS, NONE U N D E R 3 YEA R S . 3,833 1,595 2,238 58.4 100.0 59.0 34,6 11.6 12.7 41.0 24.3 16.7

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

3 YEA R S . . .................. 6 , 572 2,865 3,707 56.4 100,0 59.6 24.4 16.0 19.2 40.4 19.2 21.2

B L A C K

T O T A L ......................... .. . 3,379 1,248 2,131 63.1 100,0 74.9 51.2 13.3 10.5 25.1 17.5 7.6

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 18 YEARS,

TOTAL ....................... 1,455 666 789 54.2 100.0 69.2 49.1 12.3 7.8 30,8 23.3 7.5

HUS B A N D UNDER 35 YEA R S .......... 200 29 171 85.6 100,0 79.4 54.8 16.8 7.9 20.6 10.3 10.3

HUS B A N D 35 TO 54 YEARS .......... 396 105 291 73.5 100,0 76.6 57.3 11.5 7.7 23,4 18.8 4.6

H U S B A N D 55 YEA R S AND OVER. . . . 859 533 327 38.0 100.0 57.2 38.9 10.6 7.8 42.8 34.1 8.7

WITH OWN CHIL D R E N UNDER 18 YEARS,

T O T A L .............................. 1,924 582 1,342 69.8 100,0 78.3 52,4 13.8 12.0 21.7 14.0 7.7

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N 6 TO 17 YEARS

O N L Y .............................. 1,025 310 715 69.8 100,0 79.3 57.6 13.2 8.5 20.7 16.4 4.3

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R 6 YEARS,

TOT A L ............................ 899 272 627 69.8 100.0 77.0 46.5 14.5 16.1 23.0 11.4 11.6

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N 3 TO 5

YEARS, NONE U N DER 3 YEARS . 370 90 281 75.8 100,0 83.5 56.0 15.6 11.9 16.5 10.2 6.3

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

3 YEARS ....................... 529 182 347 65.6 100.0 71.8 38,7 13.6 19.5 28.2 12.3 15.9

1 Usually worked 35 hours or more per week during a majority of weeks worked. 1 Usually worked less than 35 hours per week during a majority of weeks worked.

20

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-9. Work experience in 1980 of married women, husband present, by work experience of husband

in 1980; presence and age of own children and race, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

WORK E X P E R I E N C E OF H U S B A N D AND

P R E S E N C E AND AGE OF OWN C H I L D R E N TOT A L

WIVES

W DRK E X P E R I E N C E OF WIFE D U R I N G YEAR

WITH NO

WORK

E X P E R I ­

ENCE

W I V E S W

EXPER

TH WORK

ENCE

P E R C E N T D I S T R I B U T I O N OF W I V E S WITH WO R K E X P E R I E N C E

NUMBER

PERCENT

OF p o p ­

u l a t i o n

TOTAL

FU L L TIME 1/ PART TIME 2/

TOT A L

50 TO

52

WEEKS

27 TO

49

WEEKS

1 TO

26

WEEKS

TOTAL

27

WEEKS

OR

MORE

1 TO

26

WEEKS

A L L W IV E S

TOTAL, 16 YEA R S AND OVER 3/. . 4 9 ,883 21,194 28,689 57.5 100.0 67.2 44,1 12.5 10.6 32,8 21.3 11.4

HU S B A N D W O R K E D D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 4 0 ,810 14,504 26,306 64.5 100.0 67.2 44.2 12.5 10.5 32,8 21.4 11.4

50 TO 52 W E EKS .................... 32,372 11,254 2 1 ,118 65.2 100.0 66.2 45.7 11.3 9.2 33,8 22.7 11.0

F U L L - T I M E 1/ .................... 31,322 10,760 20,562 65.6 100.0 66.5 45.8 11.4 9.3 33.5 22.5 11.0

P A R T - T I M E 2/ .................... 1,049 494 556 53.0 100.0 56.0 41.6 8.8 5.6 44,0 32.6 11.4

1 TO 49 WEEKS, T O T A L .......... .. 8,438 3,250 5,188 61.5 100.0 71.2 38.2 17.4 15.6 28.8 15.8 13.0

27 TO 49 WEE K S ........ 5 , 606 2,020 3,586 64.0 100.0 70.5 37.3 19.1 14.1 29.5 16.5 13.0

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. , . . 3,166 1,054 2,112 66.7 100.0 71.8 37.2 18.9 15,8 28,2 14.4 13.7

1 TO 26 W E E K S .................... 2,832 1,230 1,602 56.6 100.0 72.7 40.2 13.6 18.9 27,3 14.4 12.9

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 1,237 410 827 66.9 100.0 73.3 40.1 14.2 19.0 26.7 13.3 13.5

HU S B A N D DID NOT WOR K D U R I N G YEAR . 8,454 6,473 1,981 23.4 100.0 67.4 45.1 11.8 10.5 32.6 22.5 10.1

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

18 YEARS, T O T A L 3 / .......... 2 4 ,666 11,960 12,706 51.5 100,0 73.1 52.5 12.3 8.3 26,9 19.2 7.7

HU S B A N D W O R K E D D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 16,989 5,945 11,044 65.0 100.0 74.1 53,7 12.4 8.0 25,9 18.5 7.4

50 TO 52 WEEKS .... .......... 13,095 4,400 8,695 66.4 100.0 73.8 55.9 11.1 6.7 26.2 19.5 6.7

F U L L - T I M E 1/ .................... 12,347 4,017 8,330 67.5 100.0 74.6 56.5 11.2 6.9 25,4 18.8 6.6

P A R T - T I M E 2/ .................... 748 383 365 48.8 100.0 55.7 42.6 9.4 3.7 44.3 35.4 8.8

1 TO 49 WEEKS, T O TAL ............. 3,894 1,545 2,349 60.3 100.0 75.3 45.7 17.0 12.7 24,7 14.8 9.9

27 TO 49 WEEKS .................. 2,346 825 1,522 64.9 100.0 75.7 45.2 19.6 10.9 24,3 14,8 9.5

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 1,000 246 754 75.4 100.0 78.8 45.7 20.4 12.7 21.2 12.1 9.1

1 TO 26 WEEKS. . . ............. 1,548 720 827 53.4 100.0 74.7 46.6 12.1 16.0 25.3 14.7 10,6

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 422 107 315 74.7 100,0 76.6 51.2 11.4 14.0 23.4 11.7 11.7

H U SBAND DID NOT WORK D U R I N G YEAR . 7,525 5,977 1,547 20.6 100.0 65.7 45.1 10.9 9.7 34.3 24.5 9.7

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UND E R

18 YEARS, T O TAL 3 / .......... 2 5 ,217 9,234 15,983 63.4 100.0 62.6 37.4 12.7 12.5 37,4 23.0 14.4

H U S BAND W O RKED D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 23,821 8,559 15,262 64.1 100.0 62.2 37.3 12.6 12.3 37.8 23.4 14.4

50 TO 52 WEEKS ......... 19,276 6,854 12,423 64.4 100.0 60.9 38,5 11.4 11.0 39,1 25.0 14.1

F U L L - T I M E 1/ . . . . . . . . . 18,975 6,743 12,232 64.5 100,0 61.0 38,5 11.5 11.0 39.0 24.9 14.1

P A R T - T I M E 2/ .................... 301 111 191 63.3 100.0 56.5 39,6 7.8 9.2 43.5 27.2 16.3

1 TO 49 WEEKS, T O TAL ............. 4,544 1,705 2,839 62.5 100.0 67.8 32.0 17.8 18.0 32,2 16.7 15.6

27 TO 49 WEEKS ........ 3,260 1,195 2,064 63.3 100.0 66.7 31,4 18.8 16.5 33.3 17.7 15.6

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 2,166 808 1,358 62.7 100.0 68.0 32,4 18.0 17.5 32,0 15.7 16.3

1 TO 26 W E E K S .................... 1,285 510 775 60.3 100.0 70.6 33.4 15.1 22.1 29,4 14.0 15.4

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 815 303 512 62.8 100.0 71.2 33,3 15.9 22.0 28,8 14.3 14.5

H U SBAND DID NOT WORK DURI N G YEAR . 929 495 434 46.7 100.0 73.4 45,0 15.0 13.3 26,6 15.1 11.6

W H I T E

TOTAL, 16 YEA R S AND OVER 3/. . 45,351 19,503 25,8 4 9 57.0 100.0 66.3 43.3 12.4 10.6 33.7 21.9 11.9

H U SBAND W O RKED D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 37,271 13,418 23,8 5 3 64.0 100.0 66.1 43.3 12.3 10.4 33.9 22.0 11.9

50 TO 52 WEEKS ......... 2 9 ,743 10,461 19,281 64.8 100.0 65.0 44.7 11.2 9.2 35.0 23.5 11.5

F U L L - T I M E 1/ .................... 2 8 ,799 10,003 18,796 65.3 100.0 65.3 44,7 11.3 9.3 34.7 23.2 11.5

P A R T - T I M E 2/ .................... 944 459 485 51.4 100.0 55.4 41.4 9.1 4.9 44.6 33.6 11.0

1 TO 49 WEEKS, T O TAL ...... 7,528 2,956 4,572 60.7 100,0 70.4 37.6 17.1 15.6 29.6 16.0 13.6

27 TO 49 WEE K S ........ 5,004 1,839 3,165 63.2 100.0 69.4 36.6 18.6 14.2 30,6 16.9 13.8

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 2,780 949 1,832 65.9 100.0 70.6 36,1 18.5 15.9 29.4 14.4 15.0

1 TO 26 W E E K S .................... 2,524 1,117 1,407 55.7 100,0 72.6 40.1 13.7 18,9 27,4 14.1 13.3

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 1,089 366 723 66.4 100.0 72.6 39,4 14.1 19.1 27,4 13.3 14.1

HU S B A N D DID NOT WORK D U R I N G YEAR . 7,586 5,915 1,671 22.0 100.0 68.7 45,6 12.5 10.7 31,3 21.2 10.0

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

18 YEARS, TOT A L 3/. . . . . 22,811 11,128 11,683 51.2 100.0 73.2 52.6 12.3 8.3 26.8 19.1 7.8

HU S B A N D W O R K E D D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 15,812 5,553 10,260 64.9 100.0 73.8 53.6 12.2 8.0 26.2 18.7 7.5

50 TO 52 WEEKS ......... 12,231 4,115 8,116 66.4 100.0 73.5 55.6 11.1 6.7 26.5 19.8 6.8

F U L L - T I M E 1/ . . . ............. 11,537 3,752 7,785 67.5 100.0 74.2 56.2 11.2 6.8 25.8 19.1 6.7

P A R T - T I M E 2/ .................... 695 363 332 47.7 100.0 55.7 43.0 9.2 3.5 44.3 34.6 9.7

1 TO 49 WEEKS, TOT A L ............. 3,581 1,438 2,143 59.8 100.0 75.3 46.1 16.3 12.8 24.7 14.6 10.2

27 TO 49 WEEKS ................. 2,157 764 1,393 64.6 100.0 75.0 45,5 18.5 11.0 25.0 14.9 10.1

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 907 219 688 75.9 100.0 78.3 46.0 19.2 13.1 21,7 11.7 10.0

1 TO 26 WEEKS. ........ 1,424 673 751 52.7 100.0 75.8 47.3 12,4 16.2 24,2 13.9 10.3

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 384 100 284 74.0 100,0 78.3 51.8 11.1 15.3 21.7 10.3 11.5

HU S B A N D DID NOT WORK D U R I N G YE A R . 6,872 5,548 1,323 19.3 100.0 67.8 46.1 11.9 9.7 32.2 22.7 9.6

WITH OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

18 YEARS, TOT A L 3/. . . . . 22,541 8,375 14,166 62.8 100.0 60.5 35,6 12.5 12.5 39.5 24.2 15.3

HU S B A N D WORKED D U RING YEAR, TOTAL. 2 1 ,459 7,865 13,593 63.3 100.0 60.2 35.5 12.4 12.2 39,8 24.6 1 5 03

50 TO 52 WEEKS ......... 17,512 6,347 11,165 63.8 100,0 58.9 36,7 11.3 11.0 41.1 26.1 14.9

F U L L - T I M E 1 / ............... 17,262 6,251 11,011 63.8 100.0 59.0 36,7 11.3 11.0 41.0 26.1 15.0

P A R T - T I M E 2/ . . ............. .. 250 96 154 61.6 100,0 54.6 38.1 8,8 7.8 45,4 31.6 13.8

1 TO 49 WEEKS, TOT A L ............. 3,9 4 7 1,518 2,428 61.5 100.0 66.0 30.2 17.7 18.1 34.0 17.3 16.7<»

27 TO 49 WEEKS ................. 2,847 1,075 1,772 62.2 100,0 65.0 29,5 18.7 16.7 35,0 18.4 16.7

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 1,874 730 1,144 61.0 100,0 65.9 30.2 18.1 17.6 34.1 16.1 18.0

1 T'O 26 W E E K S .................... 1,100 444 656 59.7 100.0 68.9 31.8 15.1 21.9 31.1 14.3 16.8

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 705 266 439 62.2 100.0 69.0 31.4 16.0 21.5 31,0 15.3 15.7

H U SBAND DID NOT WORK DURI N G YEAR . 715 367 348 48.7 100.0 72.4 43,4 14.6 14.3 27,6 15.9 11.7

See footnotes at end of table.

21

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-9. Continued-Work experience in 1980 of married women, husband present, by work experience

©f husband in 1980; presence and age of own children and race, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

WORK EX P E R I E N C E OF WI F E D U R I N G YEAR

WIVES WITH WORK

E X P E R I E N C E

PE R C E N T D I S T R I B U T I O N OF W I V E S WITH WORK E X P E R I E N C E

WORK E X P E R I E N C E OF HUS B A N D AND WITH NO FU L L TIM E 1/ PART TIME 2/

P R E S E N C E AND AGE OF OWN CHIL D R E N TOTAL WORK PE R C E N T 50 TO 27 TO 1 TO 27 1 TO

WIVES EXP E R I - NUMBER OF POP- TOTAL TOTAL 52 49 26 TOTAL WEEKS 26

ENCE UL A T I O N WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS OR

MORE

WEEKS

B L A C K

TOTAL, 16 Y E ARS AND OVE R 3/. . 3,379 1,248 2,131 63.1 100.0 74.9 51.2 13.3 10.5 25.1 17.5 7.6

HU S B A N D W O RKED D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 2,621 792 1,829 69.8 100,0 77.9 53,3 14.1 10.5 22,1 15.6 6.6

50 TO 52 WEEKS . . . . . . . . . 1,929 575 1,354 70.2 100,0 79.0 56,7 12.5 9.8 21,0 15.1 5.9

F U L L - T I M E 1/ . . . . . . . . . 1,852 545 1,307 70.6 100,0 79.7 57,1 12.5 10.0 20,3 14.5 5,7

P A R T - T I M E 2/ . . . . . . . . . 77 30 47 60.7 <6 > (5 ) (5 ) (5) (5 ) (5 ) < 5 ) (5)

1 TO 49 WEEKS, TOT A L . . . . . . 692 217 476 68.7 100.0 74.7 43,6 18.7 12.5 25,3 17.0 8.3

27 TO 49 WEEKS . . . . . . . . 456 132 324 71.0 100,0 77.2 44,3 21.8 11.0 22,8 15.8 7.0

WIT H U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 290 76 214 73.9 100,0 77.1 44,9 19.8 12.4 22,9 17.9 5.0

1 TO 26 WEEKS. . . . . . . . . 236 84 152 64.3 100,0 69.5 42,0 12.0 15.5 30,5 19.4 11.1

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 121 35 86 71.2 100,0 78.1 44,9 15.2 17,9 21.9 13.9 8.0

H U S B A N D DID NOT WO R K D U R I N G YEA R . 692 434 258 37.3 100,0 57.0 40.3 7.1 9.6 43.0 31.7 11.3

NO OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

18 YEARS, T O T A L 3/. . . . . 1,455 666 789 54.2 100,0 69.2 49,1 12.3 7.8 30,8 23.3 7.5

H U S B A N D W O R K E D D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 898 313 585 65.2 100,0 75.2 52.8 14.8 7.5 24,8 18.8 6.1

50 TO 52 WEE K S . . . . . . . . . 655 226 429 65.5 100,0 76.4 57.0 11.1 8.3 23,6 18.1 5,6

F U L L - T I M E 1/ . . . . . . . . . 614 207 406 66.2 100,0 78.1 58,6 10.7 8.8 21,9 16.1 5.9

P A R T - T I M E 2/ . . . . . . . . . 41 19 23 (5 3 <6 ) ( = ) (5 ) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)

1 TO 49 WEEKS, TOT A L . . . . . . 243 87 156 64.3 100.0 71.8 41,4 25.0 5.3 28,2 20,8 7.5

27 TO 49 WEE K S . . . . . . . . 146 48 98 67.2 100,0 81.3 43,8 33.3 4.3 18,7 15,8 2.8

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 47. . . . 71 22 48 t 5 > <s > {*•> (5) (5) (5) (5) <5 > (5)

1 TO 26 W E E K S .................... 97 39 58 60.1 («■> <6 ) (5 ) ! = ) (5) (5) <5 ) (5)

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 31 4 27 C 6> (5) (5) (5 > (5) (5 ) (5) !5 ) (5)

H U S B A N D DID NOT WO R K D U R I N G YEAR . 544 351 193 35.5 100.0 51,5 38,4 4.2 9.0 48,5 37.3 11.1

WI T H OWN C H I L D R E N UNDER

18 YEARS, T O T A L 3 / .......... 1,924 582 1,342 69.8 100,0 78.3 52,4 13,8 12.0 21,7 14.0 7.7

H U S B A N D W O R K E D D U R I N G YEAR, TOTAL. 1,723 479 1,244 72.2 100,0 79.1 53,5 13.8 11.9 20.9 14.1 6,8

50 TO 52 W E EKS . . . . . . . . . 1,273 349 925 72.6 100,0 80.2 56,5 13.2 10.5 19,8 13.7 6.1

F U L L - T I M E 1/ . . . . . . . . . 1,238 338 901 72.7 100,0 80.4 56,5 13.4 10.6 19,6 13.9 5,7

P A R T - T I M E 2/ . . . . . . . . . 35 11 24 <5 ) <5 > (5) (5) (5 ) (5) (5 ) (5) (5)

1 TO 49 WEEKS, T O T A L . . . . . . 449 130 319 71.1 100,0 76.2 44,6 15,6 15.9 23,8 15.1 8.7

27 TO 49 WEE K S . . . . . . . . 310 84 226 72.8 100,0 75.4 44,6 16.9 13,9 24.6 15,8 8.8

WI T H U N E M P L O Y M E N T 4/. . . . 219 53 166 75.6 100,0 76,4 44,2 16.7 15.5 23.6 17.1 6.5

1 TO 26 WEEKS. . . . . . . . . 139 46 94 67.2 100,0 78,2 44,7 12.6 20.8 21.8 13.4 8.5

WITH U N E M P L O Y M E N T 47. . . . 90 31 59 65.6 (5) <5 ) (5 ) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)

H U S B A N D DID NOT WO R K D U R I N G YEAR . 148 83 65 43.8 (5) <5 > (5) (5 ) (5) (5) (5) (5)

' Usually worked 35 hours or more per week during a majority of weeks worked. 4 Unemployment major reason for part-year work. 2 Usually worked less than 35 hours per week during a majority of weeks worked. 5 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. “Total includes wives whose husbands are in the Armed Forces living with their families.

22

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-10. Number of earners 16 years and over and relationship by family income in 1980; type of family and race, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

INCOME OF FAMILY M E DIAN

FAMILY

INCOME

DOLS.)

n u m b e r o f e a r n e r s

AND R E L A T I O N S H I P TOTAL

UNDER

$1,000

$1,000

TO

$1,999

$2,000

TO

$2,999

$3,000

TO

$4,999

$5,000

TO

$6,999

$7,000

TO

$9,999

$10,000

TO

$12,999

$1 3 , 0 0 0

TO

$ 1 4,999

$ 1 5,000

TO

$ 1 9,999

$ 2 0,000

TO

$ 2 4,999

$ 2 5,000

TO

$ 3 4,999

$35,000

TO

$49,999

$50,000

AND

OVER

A LL FAM ILIES

TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 ,702 620 402 665 2,207 2,979 4,767 5,279 3,318 8 , 454 8,277 11,978 7,727 4,030 $21 003

H U S B A N D - W I F E F A M I L I E S

T O T A L ................................. 49,316 350 140 198 925 1,717 3,199 3,900 2,594 6 , 933 7,206 11,025 7,275 3,855 23 263

NO E A R N E R S .................... .. 5,903 198 38 92 491 835 1,231 1,019 456 688 352 279 131 93 10 187

ONE E A R N E R . . . . . . . . . . 13,900 130 73 76 280 580 1,193 1,587 976 2,351 2,263 2,451 1,113 825 19 368

HUS B A N D ONLY . . . . . . . . 11,621 39 55 62 201 417 910 1,224 764 1,952 1,988 2,192 1,023 796 20 472

w i f e o n l y . . . . . . . . . . 1,707 67 13 9 66 125 236 289 160 288 207 173 50 24 13 612

OTHER R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 573 25 5 5 13 39 47 75 52 111 68 86 41 6 16 148

TWO e a r n e r s ............... 22,446 19 25 29 150 279 703 1,171 1,044 3,454 3,909 6,401 3,756 1,504 25 684

H U S B A N D AND WIFE . . . . . . 19,742 11 22 28 129 241 620 1,031 933 3,064 3,530 5,649 3,292 1,193 25 466

H U S B A N D AND OTHER R E L A T I V E . 2,285 1 2 - 11 20 58 98 88 326 307 666 419 288 28 462

HU S B A N D NOT AN EARNER. . . . 419 8 1 2 10 19 25 41 23 65 73 86 44 24 21 142

THREE EA R N E R S OR M O R E .......... 7,067 1 3 1 4 22 72 122 118 440 681 1,894 2,275 1,433 36 152

HU S B A N D AND WIFE ............. 5,815 - 3 1 1 13 43 86 94 364 582 1,574 1,912 1,141 36 147

HU S B A N D AN EARNER,

NOT W I F E ............... .. . 1,095 - - - - 9 26 23 17 60 77 274 334 274 37 734

h u s b a n d i s n o n e a r n e r . . . . 157 1 " “ 3 3 13 7 16 22 46 29 17 27 951

O T H E R F A M I L I E S

Maintained by m e n 1

TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,969 35 7 25 74 135 216 211 122 292 279 301 183 89 17 743

NO E A R N E R S .......... .. 244 29 4 12 16 51 40 38 18 17 9 7 4 - 7 790

ONE EARNER, T O T A L ............... 891 5 3 11 46 61 122 125 54 156 126 110 40 31 15 577

HEAD O N L Y .................... .. 726 3 1 11 40 42 93 107 39 126 105 99 35 25 16 066

OTHER R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 165 2 2 - 6 20 29 18 15 30 21 11 5 6 13 822

TWO e a r n e r s OR MORE, TOTAL . . 835 1 - 2 12 23 54 48 50 118 144 185 139 59 23 785

HEAD A n d OTH E R R E L A T IVE(S) . 792 1 - 2 11 16 51 44 50 109 140 174 137 56 23 928

HEAD IS N O N E A R N E R .......... .. 43 “ “ 7 3 4 “ 9 4 11 3 3 (2)

Maintained by w o m e n 1

T O T A L ................................. 9,416 235 256 442 1,208 1,127 1,352 1,168 601 1,230 792 652 269 85 10 233

NO E A R N E R S ....................... 2,216 163 147 262 695 417 259 111 53 58 23 15 13 4 494

ONE EARNER, T O T A L ............... 4,612 63 99 161 451 603 838 787 364 654 316 207 43 25 10 350

h e a d o n l y ....................... 3,620 51 88 142 357 489 658 650 293 496 222 140 19 15 10 117

OTHER R E LATIVE, ONLY . . . . 992 12 11 20 94 114 180 137 71 159 93 67 24 10 11 586

TWO E A R N E R S OR MORE, TOTAL . . 2,589 9 10 18 62 107 254 270 184 517 454 430 213 60 18 673

HEAD A n d OTH E R R E L A T IVE(S) . 2,269 6 8 15 50 79 220 239 166 472 397 385 184 47 18 712

HEAD IS NONEAR N E R . . . . . . 320 3 1 3 12 28 34 31 45 57 45 29 14 18 270

W HITE

T O T A L ........................... 53,041 483 247 416 1,560 2,213 3,835 4,485 2,8 7 9 7 , 4 8 0 7,474 10,998 7,154 3 , 817 21 956

H U S B A N D - W I F E F A M I L I E S

T O T A L ................................. 4 4 ,878 307 115 167 766 1,439 2,792 3,500 2,328 6,260 6,612 10,176 6,759 3,656 23 603

NO E A RNERS ....................... 5,452 172 29 70 402 724 1,151 969 438 658 346 276 128 91 10 538

ONE E A RNER ...................... 12,724 116 60 69 229 475 1,003 1,407 876 2,153 2,138 2,341 1,076 779 19 935

H U SBAND ONLY ................. 10,775 35 48 57 167 357 795 1,108 696 1,796 1,886 2,093 988 749 20 870

w i f e o n l y . . .................. 1,466 61 7 7 55 92 178 243 138 258 191 165 48 24 14 305

OTHER R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 483 21 5 5 8 26 30 56 42 99 61 84 41 6 17 472

TWO E A R N E R S .................... .. 20,290 18 24 28 131 222 582 1,017 920 3,064 3,543 5,848 3,460 1,434 26 020

H U SBAND AND WIFE . . . . . . 17,808 11 21 26 112 190 519 901 821 2,719 3,206 5,140 3,017 1,125 25 737

H U SBAND AND OTHER R E L A T I V E . 2,128 1 2 - 9 19 51 82 81 292 273 631 402 285 29 035

HUSBAND NOT AN EARNER. . . . 354 7 1 2 10 13 12 34 18 53 64 77 40 23 22 126

THREE EA R N E R S OR MORE. . . . . 6,412 1 2 1 3 18 55 107 95 385 585 1,711 2,096 1,352 36 733

H U S BAND AND WIFE ............ 5,284 - 2 1 1 11 36 78 71 317 501 1,438 1,758 1,070 36 589

H U S BAND AN EARNER,

NOT W I F E .................... 1,001 - - - - 7 17 18 16 53 66 237 317 268 39 005

H U SBAND i s n o n e a r n e r . . . . 127 1 * “ 2 * 2 11 7 15 18 36 21 14 26 910

O T H E R F A M I L I E S

Maintained by m e n 1

TOTAL. . ............................ 1,612 20 4 12 57 100 161 161 99 254 233 273 158 80 18 782

NO E A RNERS ...................... 196 15 1 6 11 42 34 36 16 17 7 7 4 - 9 374

ONE EARNER, T O T A L .......... .. . 714 3 2 6 35 42 85 93 45 133 102 100 36 31 16 706

h e a d o n l y . . . . . . . . . . 580 1 1 6 32 29 64 78 31 106 87 89 31 25 17 258

OTHER R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 134 2 2 - 3 13 21 15 14 27 15 11 5 6 14 664

TWO EA R N E R S OR MORE, TOTAL . . 702 1 - - 11 16 42 32 38 104 124 166 118 49 24 302

HEAD AND O T HER RELATIVEtS) . 664 1 - - 11 11 39 28 38 98 119 156 116 46 24 396

HEAD IS N O N E A R N E R ............. 38 " - * 5 3 4 “ 6 4 10 3 3 (2 )

Maintained by w o m e n 1

T O T A L ............ .. 6,551 157 128 237 737 673 882 823 452 966 629 549 237 81 11 695

NO E A RNERS . . . . . . . . . . 1,357 106 67 126 407 242 166 86 49 56 23 15 13 4 855

ONE EARNER, TOTAL. . . . . . . 3,265 43 53 100 293 371 564 557 267 512 261 178 41 25 11 127

h e a d o n l y .................... .. 2,513 37 48 87 239 307 430 459 210 372 176 116 17 15 10 694

OTHER RELATIVE, ONLY . . . . 752 6 5 13 54 63 134 98 57 140 85 62 24 10 13 075

TWO e a r n e r s OR MORE, TOTAL . . 1,929 7 8 10 36 60 152 180 136 398 346 356 183 56 19 710

HEAD An d OTHER R ELATIVE(S) . 1,731 6 8 9 31 45 135 167 122 372 313 318 159 45 19 586

HEAD IS N O N E A R N E R............ 197 1 - 1 5 15 - 17 13 13 26 33 38 24 11 21 160

See footnotes at end of table.

23

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table B-10. Continued—Number of earners 16 years old and over and relationship by family income in 1980; type of family

and race, March 1981

(Number thousands)

INCOME OF F A M I L Y M E D I A N

F A M I L Y

INCOME

(DOLS.)

n u m b e r o f e a r n e r s

AND R E L A T I O N S H I P TOTAL

UNDER

$1,000

$1,000

TO

$1,999

$2,000

TO

$2,999

$3,000

TO

$4,999

$5,000

TO

$6,999

$7,000

TO

$9,999

$10,000

TO

$12,999

$ 1 3,000

TO

$ 1 4,999

$15,000

TO

$ 1 9,999

$ 2 0,000

TO

$2 4 , 9 9 9

$25 , 0 0 0

TO

$ 3 4,999

$35,000

TO

$ 4 9,999

$ 5 0,000

AND

OVER

BLACK FAM ILIES

T O T A L ........................... 6,371 107 143 236 591 697 818 693 377 810 645 745 400 109 $12 589

H U S B A N D - W I F E F A M I L I E S

T O T A L ................................. 3,400 25 17 25 137 237 336 322 217 535 461 634 356 99 18 596

NO E A R N E R S ....................... 363 15 7 20 80 93 60 44 13 23 3 3 2 « 5 893

ONE E A RNER ....................... 889 9 10 5 42 87 164 141 84 156 90 68 17 16 12 632

HU S B A N D ONLY .................. 617 4 4 4 29 46 97 93 57 120 73 60 14 16 14 126

w i f e o n l y ...................... 205 3 6 1 8 32 53 31 19 28 12 8 2 9 891

OTHER R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 68 2 - - 5 9 14 17 7 8 4 - - - <2 )

TWO E A R N E R S ....................... 1,687 ~ - - 13 53 98 123 103 313 294 426 221 43 22 375

H U S B A N D AND WIFE . . . . . . 1,506 - - - 12 47 81 102 95 274 258 393 205 39 22 768

HU S B A N D AND OTHER R E L A T I V E . 128 - - - 2 1 6 16 4 30 29 25 13 2 21 060

HU S B A N D NOT AN EARNER. . . . 53 - - - - 5 12 5 4 10 6 7 2 1 < 2

THREE EA R N E R S OR MORE. . . . . 462 - - - 1 4 14 15 17 44 74 137 117 40 29 625

HU S B A N D AND WIFE . . . . . . 375 - - - - 2 7 8 17 39 63 104 103 33 30 005

HU S B A N D AN EARNER,

NOT WIFE. ............... .. 70 - - - - 2 6 5

- 4 9 28 10 6 <2 )

HU S B A N D i s n o n e a r n e r . . . . 17 " 1 1 2 ” 2 5 3 2 <2 >

O T H E R F A M I L I E S

Maintained by m e n 1

T O T A L ................................ 297 10 3 11 16 27 45 46 23 34 37 20 19 8 12 557

NO EA R N E R S . . . . . . . . . . 37 8 3 6 5 8 4 2 2- (2 )

ONE EARNER, T O T A L ............ .. 147 2 - 5 11 14 29 28 9 20 19 9 11 042

h e a d o n l y . . . . . . . . . . 117 2 - 5 7 8 22 25 8 18 14 9 11 409

OTH E R R E L A T I V E ONLY. . . . . 30 - - - 4 7 7 3 1 3 6 - <2 )

TWO EA R N E R S OR MORE, TOTAL . . 113 - - - - 5 13 16 12 13 17 11 19 7 19 266

HE A D AND O T H E R R E L A T I V E (S ) . 108 - - - - 4 13 16 12 10 17 11 19 7 20 058

<2 > HEAD IS NONEA R N E R . . . . . . 5 " ” “ 2 - “ 3 - “ “ -

Maintained by w o m e n ’

T O T A L ................................ 2,673 73 123 200 438 432 437 325 138 241 148 91 25 2 7 435

NO EA R N E R S ...................... 819 51 79 133 274 165 88 23 3 2 _ 3 881

ONE EARNER, TOTAL. . .......... 1,250 20 43 59 138 222 248 221 90 132 51 25 2

_ 8 624

HEAD ONLY. . . . . . . . . . 1,023 14 37 52 102 172 205 -184 76 116 44 20 2 . 8 865

OTHER R E LATIVE, ONLY . . . . 227 5 6 7 36 50 44 37 14 16 7 4 _ 7 865

TWO e a r n e r s OR m o r e , TOTAL . . 604 2 1 8 26 46 100 81 45 107 97 66 23 2 14 704

HEAD A n d OTH E R R ELATIvE(S) . 490 - - 6 19 33 83 65 41 89 76 60 18 14 890

HEAD IS N O N E A R N E R .......... .. 113 2 1 2 7 12 17 16 3 18 21 7 5 2 12 870

1 Includes only persons who are divorced, separated, widowed, or never married. 2 Median not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Table B-11. Families by presence and number of own children under 18, number and

relationship of earners in 1980, and family type, March 1981

(Numbers in thousands)

With children under 18

No

Number and relationship of earners by family type children 

under 18 Total 1 2 3 4 or

more

Tota 29,140 31,562 12,984 11,688 4,635 2,275

6,406 1,957 677 674 313 294

Q 8,033 11,369 4,383 4,338 1,807 842

Tw 14,701 18,234 7,925 6,657 2,514 1,139

24,381

5,492

6,375

24,935 9,739 9,526 3,843 1,828 tlarri p

411 121 147 62 82

- 7,525 2,376 3,058 1,406 685

H b d 4,581 7,039 2,172 2,875 1,341 650

f 1,341 366 154 144 46 22

0

453 119 50 38 19 12

Tw 12,514 16,998 7,242 6,322 2,374 1,062

11 b d d wife 10,637 14,919 6,317 5,717 2,068 817

b d d th r( ) not wife 1,511 1,868 804 546 289 229

U ^ b ^ d r r * 365 211 119 59 18 14

...... 3,482 5,935 2,839 1,949 728 419 Famllleo mai 1- y _

'728 1,488 519 518 246 204

1,246 3,366 1,740 1,132 353 141

Tw 1,508 1,081 580 299 129 173

1,278

186

692 407 193 64 28 Fam y _

58 37 9 5 8

_ 412 478 267 148 48 16

679 155 103 36 11 4

11ncludes only families where householder Is a divorced, separated (married, spouse absent), widowed, or never-married person.

Digitized 

24

for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Appendix C. R@¥is@d tables for liareh 1980

Table C-1. Employment status of the population 16 years old and over by marital status,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, Wiarch 1980

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force

Marital status, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

I I 

I I 

|Popula-| 

| tion | 

I I 

I I 

I I 

I I 

i i

Total |

Labor | 

force | 

partic-| 

pationl 

rate |

Total |

Employed

Full | 

time_l/ |

Part |

timej2/ |

Unemployed

1

| Unemrotal | ploy- 

| ment 

I rate 

1

Not | 

in | 

labor | 

force |

Armed

Forces3/

A L L P E R S O N S

1

1

Both sexes, total.. 105,449| 63.2 98,314| 80,850| 17,464| 7,134| 6.8 61,505| 889

Men, total.................... 79,903| 60,514| 76.6 56,4131 50,470| 5,9431 4,101| 6.8 18,500| 889

Never-married............... 22,191| 15,5901 70.6 13,5401 9,837| 3,703| 2,0491 13.1 6,486| 115

Married, wife present...... 49,714| 39,647| 80.9 |38,038l 36,212| 1,8261 1,610| 4.1 9,356| 711

Other ever married, total.. 7,999| 5,2771 66.5 4,835| 4,4211 414| 442| 8.4 2,658| 63

Married, wife present.... 2,094| 1,629| 79.0 1,494| 1,381| 113| 1341 8.2 432| 33

Widowed................... 1,977| 552| 27.9 530| 416| 113| 22 1 4.0 1,423! 2

Divorced.................. 3, 928| 3,097| 79.4 2,8111 2,624! 188| 286| 9.2 803| 28

Women, total.................. 87,939| 44,934| 51.1 141,9011 30,3811 11,521| 3,0331 6.7 43,0051 -

Never-married............ . 18,273| 11,242| 61.5 10,087| 6,785| 3,3011 1,156| 10.3 7,031| _

Married, husband present... 49,6991 24,9001 50.1 23,590| 16,912| 6,6781 1,311| 5.3 24,7991 -

Other ever married, total.. 19,9671 8,792| 44.0 8,225| 6,683| 1,541| 567| 6.4 11,175| -

Married, husband absent.. 3,2431 1,9281 59.4 1,737| 1,450| 287| 191| 9.9 1,3151 -

Married, husband absent in Armed Forces.... 921 48| 51.9 41 1 32 1 8| 7 1 (4) 4 4 1 -

Widowed................... 10,758| 2,421| 22.5 2,328| 1,571| 757| 9 3 1 3.8 8,337| -

Divorced.................. 5,966| 4,443| 74.5 4,160| 3,662| 497| 283| 6.4 1,523l -

W H I T E 1

Both sexes, total.. 92,6931 63.6 187,1041 71,4611 15,6431 5,589| 6.0 52,9781 744

Men, total.................... 70,1821 53,883| 77.6 |50,580| 45,2981 5,2821 3,303| 6.1 15,555| 744

Never-married............... 18,4741 13,3431 72.6 111,790| 8,512| 3,2781 1,554| 11.6 5,034| 97

Married, wife present...... 45,243| 36,197| 81.1 |34,785| 33,112| 1,674| 1,412| 3.9 8,451| 594

Other ever married, total.. 6,466| 4,342| 67.7 4,0051 3,674| 331| 338| 7.8 2,070| 53

Married, wife present.... 1,472| 1,209| 83.6 1,1251 1,047! 78| 841 7.0 237| 26

Widowed................... 1,642| 448| 27.3 4281 338| 90| 20 1 4.4 1,193| 2

Divorced.................. 3,351| 2,6851 80.7 2,4521 2,289| 1631 23 4 1 8.7 640| 26

Women, total......... ........ 76,2321 38,810| 50.9 13 6,5241 26,163! 10,3611 2,286| 5.9 37,423| -

Never-married............... 14,689| 9,429| 64.2 8,647| 5,735| 2,912| 781| 8.3 5,260| _

Married, husband present... 45,181| 22,286| 49.3 121,176| 14,9851 6,191| 1,110| 5.0 22,895| -

Other ever married, total.. 16,362| 7,095| 43.4 6,701| 5,443| 1,258! 394| 5.6 9,267| -

Married, husband absent.. 2,076| 1,253| 60.4 1,141| 947| 194| 112| 9.0 823| -

Married, husband absent in Armed Forces.... 721 341 (4) 2 9 1 2 1 1 7 1 5 1 (4) 38 1 -

Widowed................... 9,296| 2,070| 22.3 1,997| 1,359| 638| 72 1 3.5 7,226| -

Divorced.................. 4,990| 3,772| 75.6 3,563| 3, 137| 426| 210| 5.6 1,2181 -

B L A C K 1

Both sexes, total.. 17,820| 10,472| 59.2 9,0701 7,600| 1,4701 1 ,402| 13.4 7,229| 119

Men, total.................. . 8,0031 5,3601 68.0 4,640| 4,1071 533| 7201 13.4 2,523| 119

Never-married............... 3,123| 1,875| 60.4 1,413| 1 ,073| 339| 463| 24.7 1,230| 17

Married, wife present...... 3,495| 2,654| 78.1 2,494| 2,375| 119| 160| 6.0 74 61 96

Other ever married, total.. 1,384| 831| 60.3 734| 659| 75| 97 1 11.7 5471 6

Married, wife present.... 558| 373| 67.4 326| 296| 30| 4 6 1 12.5 180| 4

Widowed................... 30 8 1 971 31.6 95| 731 2 2 1 2| 2.1 211| -

Divorced............ . 519 j 361| 69.9 312| 290! 22 f 4 9 1 13.5 156| 2

Women, total.................. 9,817| 5,1121 52.1 4,430| 3,4931 936| 682| 13.3 4,706| -

Never-married............... 3,1131 1,5381 49.4 1,188| 894| 295| 349| 22.7 1,576| _

Married, husband present... 3,4131 2,014| 59.0 1,848! 1,463| 385| 166| 8.2 1,399| -

Other ever married, total.. 3,291| 1,5601 47.4 1,3931 1,1361 257| 167| 10.7 1 ,731| -

Married, husband absent.. 1,092| 634| 58.0 556| 471| 86| 7 | 12.2 458| -

Married, husband absent in Armed Forces.... 16| 11| (4) 9| 9| - | 2 i (4) 5| -

Widowed................... 1,3191 320| 24.3 301| 189| 112| 19 6.0 998| -

Divorced.................. 880| 605| 68.8 535| 477| 5 9 1 70| 11.6 275| -

H I S P A N I C ORIGIN 1

Both sexes, total.. 8,431| 5,348| 63.7 4,857| 4,1461 711| 491| 9.2 3,045| 37

Men, total.................... 4,080| 3,2591 80.6 2,988| 2,688| 300| 271| 8.3 784| 37

Never-married.............. 1,324| 922| 70.0 805| 613| 193| 117| 12.6 396| 6

Married, wife present...... 2,3551 2,034| 87.5 1,901| 1,8181 82| 133| 6.5 29 11 30

Other ever married, total.. 402| 30 31 75.7 2821 257| 25| 2 2 1 7.1 971 1

Married, wife present.... 191| 163| 85.3 156| 141| 15| 7 | 4.2 2 8 1 -

Widowed................... 6 0 1 231 (4) 1 9 1 17 1 2 1 4 1 (4) 37 | -

Divorced.................. 151| 117| 78.3 106| 9 9 1 7 | 111 9.5 3 3 1 1

Women, total.................. 4,351| 2,089| 48.0 1,869| 1,458| 412|

I

220| 10.5 2,262| -

Never-married............. . 1,098| 591| 53.9 5141 369| 145| 77 1 13.0 507| -

Married, husband present... 2,345| 1,082| 46.1 983| 770| 213| 99| 9.1 1 ,263| -

Other ever married, total.. 908| 416| 45.8 372| 319| 5 3 1 4 4 1 10.6 492| -

Married, husband absent.. 307| 139| 45.3 115| 96 1 191 24 1 17.4 168| -

Married, husband absent in Armed Forces.... 7 1 3 1 (4) H 1| 11 21 (4 ) 4| -

Widowed.......... ........ 291| 76| 26.3 74 1 56 1 17| 3 1 3.6 21 41 -

310| 201| 64.7 184| 166| 18 1 171 8.5 10 91 -

______ i X ______L i _ _L 1

1 Full-time workers are persons who during the survey week worked 35 hours or more and those who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours. 2 Part-time workers are persons who usually work 1 to 34 hours and worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week. Persons with a job but not at work are classified by whether they usually work full or part time. 3 Includes only male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post.

* Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: The number in the labor force and the labor force participation rates and unemployment rates for males shown in this set of tables exclude male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post. Therefore, the numbers and rates of these tables are not comparable to those published for March 1975 and prior years.

Digitized 

25

for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-2. Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital status, age,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980

(Numbers in thousands)

Population, 

civilian labor force, 

and age

1

1

1

Hen Women

i 1 

1 I 

1 1 

1 1 

|Total | 

1 1 

I 1 

1 I 

1 1

Never

married

1

1

Mar- |

Other ever-married |

|

Total |

Never ] 

mar- | 

ried |

Mar- ]

Other ever-married

Tied, | | | 

spouse| | Mar- | 

pres- |Total |ried, | 

ent | |spouse| 

| |absent] 

1 1 1

WidowedDi- | 

vorced|

ried, I | | 

spousel | Mar- | 

pres- ]Total Iried, ] 

ent | |spouse| 

] |absent| 

1 1 1

1

1

Wid- | Diowed |vorced 

1 

1

T O T A L

1 1 

i 1

i

i

1

1

1

1 i

1

1

1

1

POPUL A T I O N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 22,191 49,714| 7,999] 2,094| 1,977 3,9281 87,9391 18,2731 49,699] 19,967| 3,243]10,758| 5,96 6’

16 to 19 years.................. 8,110 223| 4 7 1 43] _

M 8,362] 7,470] 750| 142| 106| 3] 32

20 to 24 years.................. 6,968 2,8011 36 4 1 202| 2 160| 10,557| 5,298| 4,437| 822| 413| 2 4 1 385

25 to 34 years.................. 4,501 11,7461 1,804| 612| 20 1,171] 18,564| 2,871|12,719] 2,974| 1,020] 141| 1,813

35 to 44 years........... . 929 10,0151 1,491| 432| 47 1,012|12,991| 720] 9,898| 2,374| 668| 293| 1,412

45 to 54 years.................. 667 9,029| 1 ,242| 348| 168 725| 11,7601 556] 8,817| 2,387| 478| 824| 1,085

55 to 64 years.................. 530 8,327] 1,156| 263] 397 496| 11,462| 521| 7,6851 3,257| 319| 2, 176| 761

65 years and over....... 485 7,572| 1 ,896| 194| 1,342 359| 14,241| 837] 5,393| 8,012] 239| 7,2951 477

Median age (years)........ .. 22.1 45.1| 47.4| 39.4| 70.0 41.2] 40.0| 21.6] 42.0| 59.2| 36.2] 70.0| 40.3

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... ..|60,514I15,590 39,6471 5,277| 1,6291 552 3,097| 44,934| 11,242| 24,9001 8,792| 1,928| 2,421| 4,443

16 to 19 years.................. 4,582 207| 26 1 2 4 1 _ 2| 4,090] 3,660| 358| 721 5 2 1 20

20 to 24 years.................. 5,501 2,570| 326| 181| 1 144| 7,071] 3,824] 2,684| 563| 257| 12| 293

25 to 34 years.................. 3,894 11,1121 1,6621 559| 20 1,0831 12,258] 2,417| 7,547| 2,293] 676] 94 1 1,524

35 to 44 years.................. 737 9,519| 1,344| 378| 37 928| 8,5681 565| 6,188| 1,814] 456| 178| 1,180

45 to 54 years.................. 494 8,4161 99 71 280] 130 5871 7,007| 392| 4,9101 1,704] 2 8 7 1 543] 875

55 to 64 years.................. 284 6,281| 676| 1641 216 296| 4, 760| 28 4 1 2,824| 1,652] 158| 1,016] 478

65 years and over............... ..| 1,885| 97 1,541| 246] 42] 147 581 1,1811 100| 389| 69 21 4 2 1 577| 73

Median age (years)............ .

1

22.9 41.2| 39.6| 36.3| 59.6 38.4| 34.2| 22.6| 38.0| 43.1] 34.7| 58.9| 38.3

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PARTICIPATION RATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... ..| 76.6| 70.6 80.9] 66.5| 79.0| 27.9 79.4| 51.1| 61.5] 50.1| 44.0] 59.4| 22.5] 74.5

16 to 19 years........... . 57.7' 56.7 97.2| U ) 1 a ) i _

a ) i 48.9| 49.0] 47.7| 51.0] 48.9| u ) i (i)

20 to 24 years.................. 79.5 96.6| 92.6| 94.2| (i) 91.4| 67.0| 72.2| 60.5| 68.5| 62.3] (i) i 76.3

25 to 34 years.................. 87.2 97.4| 93.8| 93.9] a ) 93.6| 66.0| 84.2| 59.3| 77.1] 66.31 66.4 | 84.1

35 to 44 years.................. 79.8 97.0| 91.0| 88.6| a ) 92.4| 66.01 78.5] 62.5] 76.4| 68.3| 60.81 83.6

45 to 54 year s......... ........ 74.4 93.4| 80.5| 80.3| 77.6 81.3] 59.61 70.5] 55.7| 71.4| 60.0| 65.9] 80.6

55 to 64 years......... ........ 53.5 75.4] 58.5| 62.3| 54.5 59.7| 41.5| 54.5| 36.7| 50.7] 49.61 46.7| 62.8

65 years and over........ ...... 20.0 20.4| 13.0| 21.8| 10.9 16.0| 8.3 ] 12.0| 7.2] 8.6 | 17.51 7.9| 15.2

W H I T E 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i

POPULA T I O N 1 1 1 i 1 1 i i

Total, 16 years and over... 18,474 45,243| 6,4661 1,472| 1,642 3,351| 76,232| 14,6891 45,1811 16,362] 2,076] 9,296| 4,990

16 to 19 year s................. 6,814 2131 4 0 1 38 1 _ 2] 6,965| 6,155| 687| 124 ] 91] 3 1 30

20 to 24 years.................. 5,844 2,569| 313| 166| 2 145! 8,893| 4,196| 4,005] 693| 329| 18 1 346

25 to 34 years.................. 3,645 10,523] 1,498] 454| 13 1,0311 15,768| 2,118] 11,3981 2,251| 6191 104] 1,527

35 to 44 years............ . 731 9,0721 1,167] 305| 29 834] 11,1591 534| 8,902| 1,723] 370| 195| 1,157

45 to 54 years.................. 540 8,213| 949] 221| 115 614| 10,2691 451| 8,0341 1,7 84 1 277| 627| 880

55 to 64 years.................. 471 7,692| 906| 169] 319 419| 10,2611 453| 7,134] 2,674| 21 71 1,8211 635

65 years and over........... . 428 6,960] 1,592| 121| 1,164 307| 12,9181 782| 5,021| 7,1151 1731 6,5261 416

Median age (years)............. 22.1 45.3] 47.3| 37.6| 70.0 41.01 40.8] 21.4| 42.3| 61.3| 35.0| 70.01 40.1

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 13,343 36,197| 4,342| 1,2091 448 2,6851 38,8101 9,4291 22,2861 7,0951 1,2531 2,070| 3,772

16 to 19 years.................. 4,086 197| 2 5 1 23] _ 2 1 3,637| 3,247| 329] 6 2 1 4 4 1 - | 18

20 to 24 years.................. 4,683 2,380] 2 8 4 1 151| 1 132| 6,117] 3,194] 2,431| 491| 212] 7 1 272

25 to 34 years.................. 3,218 10,022] 1,397| 417| 13 967| 10,324| 1,860| 6,6631 1,801] 423| 79] 1,299

35 to 44 years.................. 599 8,654| 1,0851 284] 25 776| 7,312| 437| 5,497] 1,378] 260] 135| 982

45 to 54 years......... ........ 416 7,6901 770| 183| 91 495| 6,115| 336] 4,4351 1,344| 181] 431| 731

55 to 64 years.................. 252 5,8401 572] 121] 189 262| 4,2431 257| 2,584| 1,402| 1031 891| 408

65 years and over........... . 90 1,414| 209| 2 9 1 128 5 1 1 1,061| 98| 346| 617| 28| 52 7 1 62

Median age (years).......... . 22.8 41.4| 39.3| 35.5| 60.7 38.1| 34.3] 22.3] 38 .11 43.7| 33.7| 59.4| 38.0

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PARTICIPATION RATE 1 1 l i 1 1 1 i

Total, 16 years and over... ..| 77.6| 72.6 81.1| 67.7| 83.6] 27.3 80.7| 50.9] 64.2] 49.3| 43.4| 60.4| 22.3| 75.6

16 to 19 years.................. 60.1 97.1| a) i a) i - C D 52.2] 52.7| 47.9|

1

49.91 48.51 C D

20 to 24 years.................. 80.7 96.9| 93.8| 95.2| (i) 93.1] 6c.8| 76.1| 60.7| 70.9| 64.6| (i) i 78.7

25 to 34 years......... ....... 89.0 97.8| 94.9| 94.7| (i) 95.0| 65.5] 87.8| 58.5| 80.0| 68.3] 75.8| 85.0

35 to 44 years........... . 82.4 97.3| 93.9| 94.4| a) 93.8| 65.5| 81.9| 61.7| 80.0| 70.3| 69.2| 84.9

45 to 54 years............. . 77.5 93.8| 81.4| 83.2| 79.6 81.1| 59.6| 74.5] 55.2] 75.3| 65.6| 68.7] 83.1

55 to 64 years.................. 53.5 75.9| 63.11 72.0| 59.4 62.5| 41.3| 56.6| 36.2] 52.41 47.6| 48.9| 64.2

65 years and over.............

1 1

21.0 20.3|

1

13.1|

1

24.3|

1

11.0 16.8| 8. 2 1 12.5] 6. 9 1 8.7 | 

1

16.5 ] 

1

8.1|

1

15.0

See footnote at end of table.

Digitized for FRASER 2 6

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-2. Continued—Population and civilian labor force 16 years old and over by marital

status, age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980

(Numbers in thousands)

Population, 

civilian labor force, 

and age

1

1

1

Men Women

1 1 1 

1 1 1 

1 1 1 

1 |Never | 

iTotal | mar- ! 

| | ried | 

1 1 i 

i 1 i 

i 1 1

Mar- |

Other ever- marriec

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

(Never | 

total | mar- | 

I ried 1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1

Mar- | 

ried, | 

spousel 

pres- I 

ent |

Other ever-married

ried, | | 

spousel | 

pres- ITotal | 

ent | | 

I | 

1 1

1

Mar- | 

ried, | 

spousel 

absent| 

1

1 1 

1 1 

Wid- | Di- | 

owed |vorced| 

1 1 

1 1

’0 tal |

1

Mar- | 

ried, | 

spousel 

absentl 

1

1

Wid- | Diowed (vorced 

1 

1

B L A C K

1 1 

1 1 

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

POPULA T I O N 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 3,123| 3,495| 1,384| 55 8 1 3081 519| 9,817| 3,1131 3,413| 3,2911 1,0921 1,3191 880

16 to 19 years.................. 1,108| 9 1 6| 4| 2| 1,196| 1,1301 491 171 15 1 2

20 to 24 years.................. 922| 197| 43 1 3 2 1 - | 10| 1,412| 9671 333| 111| 7 6 1 5| 30

25 to 34 years.................. 702| 892| 262| 130| 71 125| 2,241| 650| 925| 6661 3691 351 262

35 to 44 years.................. 180| 7201 300| 116| 1 | 166| 1,4781 1581 726| 5941 282| 811 231

45 to 54 years............ . 117| 629| 259| 117| 46| 95 1 1,251| 961 6061 550| 190| 181| 179

55 to 64 years.................. 4 8 1 521| 236| 90 1 711 741 1,0501 601 452| 539| 961 32 41 119

65 years and over............... 4 7 1 526| 279| 671 165| 4 7 1 1,189| 53 1 322| 8141 64 1 6921 57

Median age (years)............. 22.5| 44.0| 48.2J 44.61 66.6| 42.4| 35.4| 22.2| 40.51 49.71 38.01 65.81 41.3

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 i 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 1,875| 2,654| 831| 373| 97 1 361| 5, 112| 1,5381 2,014| 1,5601 634|

1

320| 605

16 to 19 years.................. 418| 9| - | - | - , - | 367| 3321 25| 10| 8| _ , 2

20 to 24 years.................. 677| 163| 3 6 1 28| - | 8| 808| 539| 205| 6 4 1 4 0 1 5 | 19

25 to 34 years.................. 561| 798| 231| 122J 7 | 101| 1,6001 481| 6611 459| 237 | 141 208

35 to 44 years.................. 1221 659| 2 3 4 1 831 121 139| 1,029| 110| 523| 396| 187| 331 176

45 to 54 years.................. 6 9 1 559| 200| 891 351 771 745| 51| 371| 323| 971 102| 125

55 to 64 years.................. 21 1 358| 96 1 3 8 1 261 3 2 1 4471 22J 190| 2351 51 1 118| 66

65 years and over............... 6 1 108| 34 1 131 171 4 | 115| 3 1 401 72) 131 49| 10

Median age (years)............. 23.8| 40.4| 41.4| 39.4| 53.31 40.1| 33.5| 24.01 37.2| 41.21 36.7’| 55.6| 39.2

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 1 1 1 1 1

PARTICIPATION RATE i I 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 60.4| 78.1| 60.3| 67.4| 31.6| 69.9| 52.11 49.41 59.01 47.4| 58.01 24.3| 68.8

16 to 19 years.................. 37.9| a ) 1 a ) 1 ( o 1

_ | (i) 1 30.7| 29.4 | Cl) 1 C D 1 C D 1- 1 a )

20 to 24 years.................. 73.8| 94.8| a ) 1 a ) 1 - | a ) 1 57.3| 55.7| 61.6| 57.4| 52.2| a ) 1 a )

25 to 34 years.................. 80.9| 94.8| 88.1| 93.8| a ) 1 81.4| 71.41 73.9| 71.4| 68.9| 64.3| a ) 1 79.4

35 to 44 years.................. 67.9| 94.1| 79.11 72.5| a ) 1 84.9| 69.6| 69.6| 72.01 66.7| 66.41 40.6| 76.2

45 to 54 years.................. 59.0| 88.7| 77.4| 75.5| a ) 1 80.5| 59.5| 53.0| 61.3| 58.8| 51.1| 56.3| 69.5

55 to 64 years.................. (i) 1 68.6| 40.8| 42.51 a ) 1 (i) 1 42.6| (i) 1 42.01 43.7| 53.6| 36.4| 55.8

65 years and over............... (i) 1 20.6| 12.0| a ) 1 10.2| (i) 1 9.61 C D 1 12.4| 8.9 | a ) 1 7.11 (X)

H I S P A N I C 1 1 1 1 1 1

PO P U L A T I O N 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 1,324| 2,355| 402| 191| 60 1 151| 4,351| 1,0981 2,345| 908| 307| 291| 310

16 to 19 years.................. 578| 2 6 1 3 1 2 1 - I 542| 4641 63 1 15 1 141 1

20 to 24 years.................. 401| 215| 3 3 1 28) - | 5| 700| 299| 3281 731 49| 6 1 17

25 to 34 years.................. 232| 743| 112| 611 4 1 4 7 1 1,139) 1971 7461 195) 96 1 91 90

35 to 44 years.................. 4 2 1 563| 87 1 381 4 1 4 4 1 762| 551 5431 1641 62 1 15| 87

45 to 54 years.................. 3 2 1 400| 62| 341 71 2 | 5421 381 3511 1521 451 4 8 1 60

55 to 64 years.................. 131 237| 4 4 1 171 111 1 | 350| 27J 204| 119| 2 8 1 551 36

65 years and over............... 2 5 1 1711 6 2 1 H I 331 1 8 1 316| 161 111| 189| 13| 157| 19

Median age (years).............. 21.0| 38.4| 41.2| 36.1| a ) 1 40.3| 33.0| 21.4| 35.7| 45.41 34.3| 66.2| 40.3

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E 1 i 1 1 ! 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 9 22 1 2,034| 3 03 1 163| 2 3 1 117| 2,089| 5911 1,0821 416| 139| 76 1 201

16 to 19 years.................. ..| 335| 310| 2 4 1 1 1 1| _ j 2091 .1761 26| 7 1 6 1 -

20 to 24 years.................. 333| 198| 3 0 1 261 - 1 4 1 4011 20 4 1 169| 281 171 1| 10

25 to 34 years.................. 203| 691| 1041 58 4 1 42 6181 135| 362| 121| 48| 7 1 67

35 to 44 years.................. 3 4 1 539| 77 1 3 5 1 4 1 38| 433| 36| 292| 105| 341 7 | 63

45 to 54 year s.... ............. 2 7 1 369| 55| 2 9 1 5 1 201 283) 2 4 1 162| 97 | 2 7 1 31 1 39

55 to 64 years.................. 10| 173| 28| 121 7 1 9 1 120| 131 65 1 42 1 6| 1 | 17

65 years and over............... ••I 541 5| 4 0 1 9 1 11 3| 5| 2 6 1 3| 6| 16| 1| 121 4

Median age (years).... ........ 22.3| 36.9| 37.2| 34.5| a ) 1 38.4| 31.8| 22.9| 34.6| 40.0| 34.7| 52.5| 38.6

CIVILIAN L A B O R F O R C E i 1 1 1 1 1

PARTICIPATION RATE 1 1 i

1 1 1 1

Total, 16 years and over... 70.0| 87.5| 75.7| 85.3| a ) 1 78.3| 48.0| 53.91 46.11 45.81 45.3| 26.31 64.7

16 to 19 years.................. ..1 55.5! 53.7| (i) 1 (i) 1 a ) 1

- | 38.61 37.9| C D 1 C D 1 a ) 1 C D

20 to 24 years.................. 83.6| 96.4| a ) 1 a ) 1 ~ 1 a ) 1 57.31 68.1| 51.6| C D 1 a ) 1 a ) 1 (X)

25 to 34 years.................. 88.2| 94.8| 93.2| a ) 1 (i) 1 a ) 1 54.3| 68.6| 48.5| 61.81 49.6| a ) 1 73.8

35 to 44 years.................. a ) 1 96.0| 89.1| a ) 1 a ) 1 C D 1 56.8| (i) 1 53.8| 63.9| a ) 1 (X) 1 73.0

45 to 54 years................. (i) 1 92.81 a ) 1 a ) 1 a ) 1 (i) 1 52.21 (i) 1 46.1| 63.81 C D 1 (1) 1 (X)

55 to 64 years.................. a ) 1 73.01 a ) 1 a ) 1 (i) 1 a ) 1 34.2| (i) 1 31.9| 35.01 a ) 1 (1) 1 (X)

65 years and over.............. (i) 1 23.51 (i) 1 a ) 1 a ) 1 a ) 1 8.11 (i) 1 5.41 8.7 | a ) 1 7. 61 (X)

1 1 L _L_ 1

1 Rate or median not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Digitized for FRASER 

27

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-3. Major occupation group of employed persons 1® years ©Id and over by marital

status, sex, raee, and Hispanic origin, March 1980

(Percent distribution)

Major occupation group

Other ever-married

| |Never |ried, | | | 

jTotal | mar- |spouse| | Mar- | 

| | ried | pres-|Total |ried, | 

l | | ent | | spouse| 

I I i I [absent| 

I I I I I I

| | |Never | 

| |Total | mar- | 

Wid- | Di- | | ried | 

owed 1vorced| | | 

1 1 1 1 

till

ied, | | | 

pousel | Mar- 1 

pres- (Total |ried, 1 

ent | |spouse| 

1 |absent| 

1 1 1

Wid- 1 

owed |

Divorced

ALL EMPLOYED PERSONS

I i 

I I

I

I

ALL OCCUPATION GROUPS: I I 1

Number (Thousands)...... 156,413113,540138,0381 4,835| 1,4941 530| 2,811141,9011 0,087|23,590| 8,2251 1,737| 2,328| 4,160

Percent.................. | 100.01 100.01 100.0| 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0

Professional and technical....... l 15.8| 12.9| 16.9| 14.7| 14.5| 12.01 15.3| 17.21 17.2| 18.41 13.71 12.5| 10.11 16.1

Managers and administrators, i i 1

except farm..................... 1 14.3| 6.5| 17.2| 13.0| 11.8| 13.01 13.7| 7.01 5.91 7.1| 8. 21 6.71 7.71 9.1

Sales............................. . 1 6.01 6.0| 5.9| 6.4 | 5.0| 8.8| 6 .8 1 6.5 1 7.1| 6.51 5.91 4.61 8.11 5.3

Clerical........................... 1 6.6| 9.1| 5.8| 5.8 | 3. 9 1 8.41 6.31 35.31 36.4| 35.71 32.8| 30.7| 29.3| 35.6

Craft.............................. | 21.0| 15.2| 23.0| 21.9| 21.7| 16.5| 22.91 1.61 1 .5| 1.7 | 1.7 | 1. 9 1 1.7 | 1.7

Operatives, except transport..... | 11.2| 13.2| 10.41 11.3| 13.8| 7.71 10.71 10.01 7.21 10.6| 11.81 12.81 12.21 11.1

Transport equipment operatives... 1 5.6| 4.6| 5.9| 6 .6 1 6. 2 1 6.21 6.91 .71 • 3| .81 .81 1.31 .6| .8

Laborers, except farm............ 1 6.9| 12.8| 4. 8 1 7. 01 9.2[ 8.11 5.7) 1.21 1.41 1.01 1.31 1.01 1.0| 1.5

Private household................. i C D i .11 a ) i .1| - l .8] - 1 2.41 3 . 2 1 1.9| 3.11 2.9| 6.0( 1.6

Service, except private 1 1 l

household...................... 1 9.0| 15.6| 6.41 10.6| 10.8| 13.5| 9.91 17.21 19.3| 15.21 20.2| 24.81 22.51 17.1

Farmers and farm managers........ 1 2.31 1.2| 2.8 | 1. 4 1 1.31 3.01 1.21 .31 .11 .51 .21 .21 ,6| .1

Farm laborers and supervisors.... 1 1.41 2.81 • 9| 1.21 1.9 | 1.91 .6| .6| .51 .81 .21 .6 1 • 3| .1

WHITE 1 1 1

ALL OCCUPATION GROUPS: 1 1 1

Number (Thousands).... . | 50,580|11,790|34,7851 4,0051 1,1251 4281 2,452136,524| 8,647|21,176l 6,701| 1,141| 1,9971 3,563

Percent.................. | 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0| 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0l 100.0| 100.0

Professional and technical....... | 16.3| 13.7| 17.3| 15.9| 16.71 14.8| 15.81 17.61 17.8| 18.51 14.41 13.9| 10.51 16.8

Managers and administrators, 1 1 1

except farm................... . 1 15.2| 7.0| 18.0| 14.3| 13.41 15.5| 14.51 7 . 61 6. 31 7.51 9. 3 1 8.81 8. 41 9.9

Sales.................... ......... 1 6.3| 6.4 | 6. 2 1 7.1| 5.31 10.1| 7. 41 7.01 7.51 6.9) 6 .8 1 6.0| 9.01 5.9

Clerical................. ......... 1 6.5| 8.8 | 5. 7 1 6.0| 3.31 9.5| 6.6 | 36.0| 36.11 36.51 34.4] 33.5] 31.71 36.3

Craft............ ................ 1 21.4| 15.6| 23.2| 22.3| 23.4| 15.81 22.91 1.7 j 1.61 1.71 1.81 2.0! 1.81 1.6

Operatives, except transport..... 1 10.7| 13.0| 10.01 10.2| 12.4| 6.61 9.9J 9 .5| 6.2 | 10.21 11.31 11.51 12.11 10.7

Transport equipment operatives... 1 5. 3 1 4.5| 5 . 5 1 6. 3 1 5.0| 6. 4 1 6.81 • 7| .31 .91 .71 . 6 1 .51 .8

Laborers, except farm............ 1 6.3J 12.2| 4. 4 1 5.9| 7.61 5.81 5.1| 1.11 1.41 1.0| 1.31 1.1| 1.11 1.5

Private household........... . i a ) i .11 a ) i - | - | - | - | 1.91 3.11 1.31 1.9| 1.01 4.0) 1.0

Service, except private 1 1 i

household............... . 1 8.1| 14.5| 5 .8 1 9. 41 9.6) 10.9| 9.1| 16.0| 19.0| 14.11 17.7[ 20.6| 20.01 15.4

Farmers and farm managers........ 1 2. 5 1 1.31 2. 91 1.6| 1.71 3. 2 1 1.41 .41 .11 .51 • 3| .31 .61 .1

Farm laborers and supervisors.... 1 1.31 2 .8 1 .8| 1.0 [ 1.6| 1.21 .61 .6| .51 .81 • 2 1 • 7| .21 .1

BLAQK 1 1 1

ALL OCCUPATION GROUPS: 1 1 1

Number (Thousands)...... | 4,640| 1,413| 2,494| 734| 326| 95| 3121 4,430| 1,1881 1,8481 1,393| 5561 3011 535

Percent.................. | 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0J 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0

Professional and technical....... 1 7.9 | 6.7| 8.6 1 7.8| 7.11 .21 10.91 13.4| 12.9| 16.11 10.21 9.6| 8.51 11.7

Managers and administrators, i 1 i

except farm........ ............. 1 5. 2 1 2. 8 1 6.51 5 . 7 1 5.81 1.41 7.01 2.8 | 2.91 2.5| 3.21 2.81 2. 41 3.9

Sales.............................. 1 2 .8 1 2.9| 2.5[ 3 . 5 1 4. 6 1 3.11 2.51 2.61 3.6| 2.4} 1.81 2.1| 2.5| 1.3

Clerical........................... 1 7. 5 1 11.4| 5 . 9 1 5. 0 1 5.01 4.01 5.31 30.1| 37.9| 28.61 25.4| 26.0| 14.41 31.1

Craft.............................. 1 18.5| 12.1| 21.8| 19.8| 16.51 21.11 22.9| 1.31 1.3| 1.01 1 .8 1 1.9| .81 2.2

Operatives, except transport..... 1 15.7| 14.2| 16.2| 17.0| 18.6J 11.61 16.81 13.51 13.81 13.31 13.61 14.7| 12.41 13.1

Transport equipment operatives... 1 9.71 5.7 | 12.3| 8.6 | 9.41 5.71 8.61 .7| .71 .21 1.5| 2.4 | 1.01 1.0

Laborers, except farm.... ....... 1 13.2| 17.8| 10.5| 13.3| 15.41 18.8| 9. 41 1.21 1.41 1.01 1.31 1.11 .51 2.0

Private household................. 1 .21 .11 .1| • 5| - 1 4.21 - 1 7.41 4.11 8.31 9.11 6. 51 19.4| 5.9

Service, except private 1 1 1

household..................... I 16.6| 23.3| 12.8| 16.51 15.11 23.7| 15.81 26.41 21.31 25.71 31.71 32.51 37.81 27.5

Farmers and farm managers........ 1 .3| • 11 • 5| • 2| - | 1.31 - | a ) i - 1 - 1 .11 - 1 - 1 .3

Farm laborers and supervisors.... 1 2.51 3.0| 2.3 | 2.1| 2.61 4.9 | • 7| .51 .3| .91 .21 .41 •4 |

HISPANIC 1 1 1

ALL OCCUPATION GROUPS: 1 1 1

Number (Thousands)...... | 2,988| 805| 1,901| 282[ 156| 191 106| 1,8691 514| 983| 372| 1151 741 184

Percent.................. | 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 (2) 1 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.01 100.0| 100.01 (2) 1 100.0

Professional and technical....... 1 7.71 6.8 1 7. 7 1 10.5| 6.31 - | 17.61 9.11 10.0) 8.81 8.9 | 6.1| - | 12.8

Managers and administrators, 1 1 1

except farm........ ............. 1 7.31 3.9| 9.0| 5.8 [ 4.6 | - 1 8.6| 5.11 4.7 | 5.1| 5.3J 3.41 - 1 5.2

Sales..................... ........ 1 3.21 3.6 1 3.0| 3.1| 1.71 - 1 5.8) 4.8| 5.51 4. 51 4.71 3.1| “ | 5.4

Clerical........................... 1 7.0| 10.1| 6. 2 1 4.1| 3. 3 1 - | 4.61 31.4| 37.0| 29.31 29.01 27.7| - 1 32.2

Craft................. ............ | 20.3| 13.3| 23.7| 16.8| 15.3| - 1 19.91 2. 7 1 1.61 3.11 3.01 3.9| - 1 2.4

Operatives, except transport..... 1 17.3| 17.1| 17.2| 18.5| 25.8| - | 9.61 23.5| 18.41 26.31 22.81 27.21 - 1 20.0

Transport equipment operatives... 1 6.41 3. 61 7. 81 4 . 4 1 2.4) “ | 7.51 .41 - 1 .6| .51 - I - 1 1.0

Laborers, except farm............ | 12.1| 14.3| 10.5| 16.61 19.01 - 1 11.5| 1.3| 1.0| 1.71 .71 • 8 1 1 .9

Private household............... 1 *11 “ 1 .11 - | , - l - 1 - l 4.31 6.5| 2.6( 5.51 6.3 | ~ 1 2.8

Service, except private 1 1 1

household.................... 1 13.9| 21.9| 10.0| 17.6| 18.6| 1 13.91 16.41 14.81 16.2| 19.11 21.0| 1 17.3

Farmers and farm managers....... 1 .4| .21 • 6| (l) 1 .11 ~ 1 - 1 a ) i - | .11 - 1 - 1 - 1 -

Farm laborers and supervisors... 1 4.3| 

1 - 1

5. 2 1 4. 2 1 2. 7 1 3.01 ' | 1.0|

1

1.11 .41 1.71 .41 .51 " |

Other ever-married

‘ rr Less than 0.05 percent.’; 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Digitized for FRASER 

28

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-4. Labor force and marina! status of women 16 years old and over by age and

presence and age ©f own children, March 19Q0

(Numbers in thousands)

Total women Never married Married, husband 

present

Presence and age of own children and age

of women

Popula- | 

tion |

Labor | 

force |

Labor

force

participation

rate

1

Popula- | 

tion | 

i 

1 

1

Labor | 

force |

Labor

force

participation

rate

Popula- | 

tion |

Labor | 

force |

Labor

force

participation

rate

Total women.................... 87,939 | 44,934 | 51.1

1

18,273 | 11,242 | 61.5 49,699 | 24,900 | 50.1

No own children under 18 years........... 56,483 | 27,144 | 48.1 17,211 | 10,690 | 62.1 24,473 | 11,246 | 46.0

16 to 34 years, total................... 20,932 | 14,484 | 69.2 14,722 | 9,420 | 64.0 4,834 | 3,893 | 80.5

16 to 19 years........................ 7,865 | 3,916 | 49.8 7,383 | 3,628 | 49.1 409 | 245 | 59.9

20 to 24 years........................ 7,233 | 5,539 | 76.6 4,924 | 3,668 | 74.5 1,911 | 1,552 | 81.2

25 to 34 years........................ 5,834 | 5,029 | 86.2 2,415 1 2,124 | 88.0 2,514 | 2,097 | 83.4

35 years and over, total................ 35,551 | 12,660 | 35.6 2,489 | 1,269 | 51.0 19,639 | 7,353 | 37.4

35 to 44 years......................... 2,928 | 2,262 | 77.3 604 | 503 | 83.3 1,623 | 1,192 | 73.4

45 years and over, total............. 32,623 | 10,398 | 31.9 1,885 | 766 | 40.6 18,016 | 6,161 | 34.2

45 to 54 years...................... 7,569 | 4,690 | 62.0 530 | 385 | 72.5 5,421 | 3,114 | 57.4

55 years and over................... 25,054 | 5,708 | 22.8 1,355 | 382 | 28.2 12,594 | 3,047 | 24.2

With own children under 18 years, total.. 31,456 | 17,790 | 56.6 1,063 | 553 | 52.0 25,226 | 13,654 | 54.1

16 to 34 years, total................... 16,552 | 8,934 | 54.0 918 | 481 | 52.4 13,073 | 6,696 | 51.2

16 to 19 years........................ 498 | 174 | 35.1 88 | 32 | 36.4 341 | 113 | 33.1

20 to 24 years............ *........... 3,324 | 1,532 | 46.1 374 | 156 | 41.7 2,527 | 1,132 | 44.8

25 to 34 years........................ 12,730 | 7,228 | 56.8 456 | 293 | 64.1 10,205 | 5,450 | 53.4

35 years and over, total................ 14,904 | 8,856 | 59.4 145 | 72 | 49.9 12,153 | 6,958 | 57.3

35 to 44 years........................ 10,063 | 6,306 | 62.7 116 | 62 | 53.3 8,274 | 4,996 | 60.4

45 years and over, total............. 4,841 | 2,550 | 52.7 28 | 10 | a ) 3,879 | 1,962 | 50.6

45 to 54 years............. ........ 4,192 | 2,317 | 55.3 26 | 8 I a ) 3,396 | 1,797 l 52.9

55 years and over................... 649 | 233 i 35.9 3 1 3 1 Cl) 483 | 165 | 34.2

With own children 6 to 17 years, none 1

younger, total................ ........... 17,489 | 11,252 | 64.3 359 | 243 | 67.6 13,649 | 8,428 | 61.7

16 to 34 years, total................... 4,648 | 3,293 | 70.9 248 | 184 | 74.0 3,266 | 2,212 | 67.7

16 to 19 years........................ 17 | 13 | a ) 6 1 5 | C D 8 I 5 | a )

20 to 24 years........................ 129 | 85 | 65.8 25 | 14 | a ) 73 | 49 | C D

25 to 34 years......................... 4,502 | 3,195 | 71.0 217 | 165 | 76.0 3,184 | 2,158 | 67.8

35 years and over, total................ 12,842 | 7,959 | 62.0 111 | 59 | 53.3 10,383 | 6,216 | 59.9

35 to 44 years.................... . 8,136 | 5,458 | 67.1 83 | 49 | 59.0 6,610 | 4,292 | 64.9

45 years and over, total............. 4,705 | 2,502 | 53.2 28 | 10 | C D 3,773 | 1,924 | 51.0

45 to 54 years....................... 4,072 | 2,270 | 55.7 26 | 8 I C D 3,299 | 1,758 | 53.3

55 years and over................... 633 | 232 | 36.6 3 I 3 1 a ) 473 | 165 | 35.0

With own children under 6 years, total... 13,966 | 6,538 | 46.8 703 | 310 | 44.1 11,577 | 5,227 | 45.1

16 to 34 years, total................... 11,904 | 5,641 | 47.4 670 | 297 | 44.4 9,807 | 4,484 | 45.7

16 to 19 years........................ 481 | 162 | 33.6 82 1 27 | 33.2 333 | 108 | 32.4

20 to 24 years........................ 3,194 | 1,447 | 45.3 349 | 142 | 40.8 2,454 | 1,083 | 44.1

25 to 34 years......................... 8,229 | 4,033 | 49.0 239 | 128 | 53.4 7,021 | 3,293 | 46.9

35 years and over, total............... 2,062 | 896 | 43.5 34 | 13 | a ) 1,770 | 743 | 42.0

35 to 44 years...................... . 1,927 | 848 | 44.0 33 | 13 | u ) 1,664 | 704 | 42.3

45 years and over, total............. 136 | 48 | 35.7 | | - 106 | 38 | 36.1

45 to 54 years............ ......... 120 | 47 | 39.3 | | - 96 | 38 | 39.8

55 years and over................... 16 | 1 | a ) 1 1 - 10 | 1 a )

With own children 3 to 5 years, none under| 1

3 ........................................ 5,459 | 2,972 | 54.5 232 | 113 | 48.8 4,310 | 2,223 | 51.6

16 to 34 years, total................... 4,167 | 2,384 | 57.2 215 I 110 | 51.1 3,211 | 1,737 | 54.1

16 to 19 years......................... 30 | 8 1 a ) 8 I 1 I a ) 17 | 3 1 a )

20 to 24 years......................... 708 | 412 | 58.1 103 | 47 | 46.3 454 | 260 | 57.2

25 to 34 years................... ..... 3,428 | 1,964 | 57.3 104 | 61 1 58.5 2,740 | 1,474 | 53.8

35 years and over, total............... 1,292 | 589 | 45.5 18 | 4 1 a ) 1,099 | 486 | 44.2

35 to 44 years......................... 1,196 | 552 | 46.2 18 | 4 I a ) 1,024 | 457 | 44.6

45 years and over, total............. 97 | 36 | 37.5 | | - 75 | 29 | 38.8

45 to 54 years...................... 89 | 35 | 38.9 | | - 72 | 29 | C D

55 years and over.................. 7 | 1 1 a ) 1 1 “ 3 I 1 “

With own children under 3 years.......... 8,508 | 3,365 | 41.9 471 | 197 | 41.7 7,267 | 3,004 | 41.3

16 to 34 years, total................... 7,737 | 3,257 | 42.1 455 | 187 | 41.2 6,596 | 2,747 | 41.6

16 to 19 years......................... 451 | 154 | 34.1 74 | 26 | a ) 316 | 105 | 33.1

20 to 24 years.... ...... ............. 2,486 | 1,035 | 41.6 246 | 95 | 38.5 1,999 | 824 l 41.2

25 to 34 years........................ 4,800 | 2,0C8 | 43.1 135 | 67 | 49.4 4,281 | 1,819 | 42.5

35 years and over, total................ 770 | 308 | 40.0 16 1 9 1 a ) 671 | 257 | 38.2

35 to 44 years......................... 731 | 296 | 40.4 16 | 9 1 a ) 640 | 247 | 38.7

45 years and over, total............. 39 1 12 | a ) | | - 32 | 9 1 a )

45 to 54 years...................... 30 | 12 | C D 1 1 - 24 | 9 1 ( u

55 years and over................... 9 I 1 a ) 1 1 7 | 1 ~

See footnote at end of table.

Digitized for FRASER 

29

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(Numbers in thousands) [___________

Table 0-4. Continued—Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by

age and presence and age of own children, March 1980

Presence and age of own children and age 

of women

Married, husband 

absent

Popula- | Labor 

tion | force

Labor |

force l Populapartic- | tion 

ipation | 

rate |

Widowed

Labor

force

Divorced

Labor |

force | Populapartic- | tion 

ipation | 

rate |

Labor

force

Labor

force

participation

rate

1 1 1 1 1 i i 1

Total women................... .

1

3,243 | 1,928

1

1 59.4

1

1

1

10,758 | 2, A21

1

1 22.5

1

1 5,966

1

1 4,443

1

1 74.5

No own children under 18 year s........... 1,502 | 884 1 58.9 1 10,054 | 2,010 1 20.0 1 3,244 1 2,315 1 71.A

16 to 34 years, total................... 518 | 393 1 75.7 1 39 | 27 1 (i) 1 820 1 751 1 91.6

16 to 19 years........................ 62 | 36 i a ) 1 2 I - 1 - 1 10 i 7 i a )

20 to 24 years......................... 195 | 147 1 75.6 1 7 | 5 1 a ) 1 196 i 167 1 8A.9

25 to 34 years......................... 262 | 209 i 79.8 i 30 | 22 i (i) i 613 1 578 1 9A.2

35 years and over, total.............. . 983 | 491 1 50.0 1 10,015 | 1,983 1 19.8 i 2,424 1 1,564 i 6A.5

35 to 44 years......................... 176 | 123 1 69.9 1 76 | A9 i 64.5 i 450 1 395 1 88.0

45 years and over, total............. 808 | 369 1 45.6 1 9,940 | 1,934 1 19.5 i 1,974 i 1,168 i 59.2

45 to 54 years...................... 284 | 182 1 64.0 1 556 | 373 i 67.2 1 779 1 638 i 81.9

55 years and over................... 524 | 187 1 35.7 1 9,385 | 1,561 1 16.6 1 1,195 1 530 i 44.4

With own children under 18 years, total.. 1,742 | 1,044 1 60.0 1 703 | 411 1 58.4 1 2,722 1 2,128 1 78.2

16 to 34 years, total.............. . 1,021 | 593 58.0 1 129 | 79 1 60.8 1 1,410 1 1,087 1 77.1

16 to 19 years................. ....... 45 | 16 i a ) i 2 I - i

- i 22 i 14 1 a )

20 to 24 years......................... 218 | n o 1 50.4 1 16 | 7 i C D 1 188 1 127 i 67.3

25 to 34 years........................ 758 | 467 i 61.6 1 111 | 72 i 64.6 1 1,200 1 947 1 78.9

35 years and over, total................ 721 | 452 i 62.7 1 574 | 332 i 57.9 1 1,312 1 1,041 1 79.4

35 to 44 years......................... 493 | 334 1 67.7 1 218 | 130 1 59.5 i 962 1 784 1 81.5

45 years and over, total............. 228 | 118 1 51.9 1 357 | 203 1 56.9 i 349 1 257 1 73.6

45 to 54 years...................... 194 | 105 1 54.2 i 270 | 170 i 63.1 i 306 1 237 1 77.4

55 years and over............ ...... 34 | 13 i a ) 1 87 | 32 i 37.5 1 43 1 20 1 a )

With own children 6 to 17 years, none 

younger, total...........................

1

957 | 634

1

1 66.3

1

1

1

602 | 366

1

1 60.7

1

1 1,922

1

1 1,582

1

1 82.3

16 to 34 years, total................... 318 | 226 i 71.2 1 77 | 55 1 71.1 1 739 1 617 1 83.5

16 to 19 years......................... 1 1 1 1 C D 1 | - i - 1 1 1 1 1 a )

20 to 24 years......................... 15 | 12 i a ) i | - 1 - 1 16 1 11 1 a )

25 to 34 years........................ 301 | 213 1 70.8 1 77 | 55 1 71.1 1 722 i 605 1 83.8

35 years and over, total................ 639 | 408 i 63.9 i 525 | 311 i 59.2 i 1,184 1 965 1 81.6

35 to 44 years........................ 417 | 291 i 69.8 1 186 | 114 i 61.7 i 842 i 712 i 84.6

45 years and over, total............. 222 | 117 1 52.8 1 340 | 197 i 57.8 1 342 1 254 1 74.2

45 to 54 years...................... 190 | 104 1 54.9 1 258 | 166 i 64.2 1 299 1 234 i 78.2

55 years and over................... 32 | 13 1 a ) 1 82 | 31 1 37.9 1 43 1 20 i a )

With own children under 6 years, total... 785 | 410 1 52.2 1 102 | 45 1 44.7 1 800 i 546 i 68.3

16 to 34 years, total................... 703 | 366 1 52.1 1 52 | 24 1 a ) 1 672 1 470 1 70.0

16 to 19 year s........................ A3 | 14 1 o ) 1 2 1 - 1

- 1 21 1 13 1 C D

20 to 24 years............ ............ 203 | 99 i 48.6 l 16 1 7 1 (i) 1 173 i 116 i 67.1

25 to 34 years......................... 457 | 254 1 55.5 1 34 | 17 i a ) 1 478 1 342 1 71.5

35 years and over, total................ 81 I 44 1 53.6 1 50 | 22 i u ) 1 128 1 76 1 59.1

35 to 44 years..................... . 76 | 43 1 56.4 i 33 | 16 1 a ) 1 121 i 72 i 60.0

45 years and over, total............. 6 1 1 1 a ) 1 16 | 6 i a ) 1 7 1 3 1 C D

45 to 54 years...................... A I 1 1 a ) 1 12 | 5 i a ) 1 7 1 3 1 (1)

55 years and over................... 2 i - 1 " 1 5 I 1 i u ) 1 “ 1 ” 1 "

With own children 3 to 5 years, none under| 

3 ......................................... |

1

336 | 220

1

1 65.4

1

1

1

60 | 29

1

1 a )

1

1 521

1

1 387

1

1 74.4

16 to 34 years, total................... 282 | 190 i 67.3 1 27 | 12 1 a ) 1 432 1 335 1 77.6

16 to 19 years......................... 3 1 2 1 a ) 1 | - i

- 1 2 1 2 1 C D

20 to 24 years........ ................ 56 | 36 1 a ) 1 6 I 3 1 (i) 1 89 1 68 1 75.8

25 to 34 years......................... 222 | 154 1 69.2 i 21 1 9 i a ) i 341 1 266 i 78.0

35 years and over, total................ 54 | 30 1 a ) i 33 | 17 1 a ) 1 ‘ 88 1 52 1 58.7

35 to 44 years........ ................. A9 | 29 1 a ) i 23 | 13 1 a ) 1 82 1 49 i 60.3

45 years and over, total............. 5 | 1 a ) i 11 | 4 i a ) i 6 i 2 i C D

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 1 a ) 1 8 | 2 a ) 1 6 1 2 1 C D

55 years and over................... 2 | “ 1 “ 1 3 I 1 1 a ) 1 “ 1 “ 1 “

With own children under 3 years.......... A49 | 190 1 42.4 1 41 I 17 1 a ) 1 279 1 159 1 56.8.

16 to 34 years, total................... 421 | 177 1 41.9 1 25 | 12 1 a ) 1 240 1 135 1 56.3

16 to 19 years................... . 40 | 12 1 (i) 1 2 I - 1 - 1 19 1 11 1 C D

20 to 24 years......................... 147 | 65 1 44.1 1 11 | 4 1 a ) 1 83 1 48 1 57.8

25 to 34 years......................... 235 | 100 1 42.5 1 13 | 8 1 u ) 1 137 1 76 1 55.3

35 years and over, total................ 27 | 13 1 t o 1 16 | 5 1 a ) 1 40 1 24 1 C D

35 to 44 years......................... 26 | 13 1 u ) 1 11 | 3 i (i) 1 39 1 23 1 C D

45 years and over, total............. 1 | - 1

- 1 5 | 2 1 a ) 1 1 i 1 1 C D

45 to 54 years...................... 1 | - 1 - 1 A i 2 1 a ) 1 1 1 1 1 C D

55 years and over...................

1

1

1

“ 1

.1

2 I

______L

1

1

"

1

I

1

J

1

1 "

1 Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Digitized for FRASER 

30

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-5. Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by age,

presence and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1960

(Numbers in thousands)

Age of women by presence and age of own 

children, race, and Hispanic origin

1

| Total women

1

1

Never married Married, husband 

present

1 i

i 1 

1 Popula- | 

s tion |

i 1

Labor | 

force |

Labor

force

participation

rate

Popula- | 

tion 1

Labor

force

Labor

force

participation

rate

Popula- | 

tion |

Labor | 

force |

La bor 

force 

participation 

rate

WHITE

1 1 

1 1

Total..................................... 38,810 | 50.9 14,689 | 9,429 64.2 45,181 | 22,286 | 49.3

No own children under 18 years....... 23,924 | 48.3 14,310 | 9,236 64.5 22,605 | 10,298 | 45.6

16 to 34 years...................... 12,808 | 72.0 12,130 | 8,130 67.0 4,461 | 3,639 | 81.6

33 years and over................... 11,116 | 35.0 2,180 | 1,106 50.7 18,144 | 6,658 | 36.7

With own children under 18 years, 1 1

total.............................. 14,886 | 55.8 379 | 193 51.0 22,576 | 11,988 | 53.1

16 to 34 years...................... 7,271 | 52.6 339 | 171 50.5 11,629 | 5,784 | 49.7

35 years and over.......... ........ 7,615 | 59.2 40 | 22 a ) 10,947 | 6,204 | 56.7

With own children 6 to 17, none 1 1

younger........................... 9,604 i 64.0 117 | 83 71.3 12,341 | 7,544 | 61.1

16 to 34 years.................... 2,691 | 70.1 84 | 64 75.8 2,923 | 1,950 | 66.7

35 years and over................. 6,913 | 61.9 33 | 19 a ) 9,418 | 5,593 | 59.4

With own children under 6 years.... 5,282 | 45.2 262 | 110 41.9 10,235 | 4,444 | 43.4

16 to 34 years.................... 4,580 | 45.8 255 | 108 42.2 8,707 | 3,834 | 44.0

35 years and over................. 702 | 41.4 7 | 2 a ) 1,529 | 610 | 39.9

BLACK 1 1

Total........................ ............

1 i

5,112 | 52.1 3,113 | 1,538 49.4 3,413 | 2,014 | 59.0

No own children under 18 years.......... 2,691 | 45.5 2,449 | 1,188 48.5 1,493 | 760 | 50.9

16 to 34 years...................... 1,356 | 52.4 2,185 | 1,051 48.1 255 | 190 | 74.7

35 years and over................... 1,335 | 40.1 264 | 137 51.8 1,239 | 570 | 46.0

With own children under 18 years, 1 i

total................................. .......... 2,421 | 62.0 665 | 350 52.7 1,919 | 1,254 | 65.3

16 to 34 years.................................. 1,420 | 62.8 562 | 301 53.6 1,053 | 700 | 66.5

35 years and over............................ 1,001 | 61.0 102 | 49 47.8 867 | 554 | 63.9

With own children 6 to 17, none 1 1

younger........................................ 1,393 | 66.4 240 | 158 65.7 988 | 674 | 68.2

16 to 34 years.................... 538 | 75.4 163 | 119 72.9 265 | 210 | 79.2

35 years and over................. 856 | 61.8 77 | 39 50.4 722 | 463 | 64.2

With own children under 6 years.... 1,027 | 56.9 425 | 193 45.3 932 | 580 | 62.3

16 to 34 years.................... 882 | 56.9 399 | 182 45.7 787 | 490 | 62.3

35 years and over................. 145 | 56.6 25 | 10 (1) 144 | 90 | 62.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN 1 1

Total...................................................... 2,089 l 48.0 1,098 | 591 53.8 2,345 | 1,082 | 46.1

No own children under 18 years....... 1,078 | 48.8 978 | 544 55.6 728 | 332 | 45.6

16 to 34 years...................... 665 | 58.8 864 | 478 55.3 201 | 138 | 68.7

35 years and over........ ........... 414 | 38.4 114 | 66 58.2 527 | 194 | 36.8

With own children under 18 years, 1 1

total.............................. 1,011 | 47.2 120 | 47 39.5 1,617 | 749 | 46.3

16 to 34 years...................... 564 | 45.1 96 | 37 38.9 935 | 419 | 44.8

35 years and over................... 447 | 50.1 23 | 10 (i) 682 | 331 | 48.5

With own children 6 to 17, none 1 1

younger........................... 532 | 55.5 35 | 16 a ) 693 | 374 | 53.9

16 to 34 years.................... 163 | 61.5 15 | 7 a ) 179 | 108 | 60.6

35 years and over................. 369 | 53.2 19 | 9 a ) 514 | 266 | 51.6

With own children under 6 years.... 479 | 40.5 85 | 31 36.4 923 | 375 | 40.6

16 to 34 years.................... 401 | 40.7 81 I 30 37.2 756 | 310 | 41.0

35 years and over......... .......

1 1

78 | 39.4 4 I 1 a ) 167 | 65 | 38.9

See footnote at end of tableJ

31

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-5. Continued—Labor force and marital status of women 16 years old and over by

age, presence and age of own children, race, and Hispanic origin, March 1980

(Numbers in thousands)

Age of women by presence and 

age of own children, race,and Hispanic 

origin

| Married, husband 

| absent

Widowed Divorced

1 i 

1 1 

1 Popula- | 

| tion | 

1 1 

1 1 

i 1

Labor

force

Labor

force

participation

rate

1

1

Popula- | 

tion | 

1 

1 

1

Labor | 

force |

Labor

force

participation

rate

1

1

Popula- | 

tion | 

1 

1 

1

Labor

force

Labor

force

participation

rate

WHITE

i i 

i i

1

1

1

1

Total................................ . 1 2,076 | 1,253 60.4 9,296 | 2,070 | 22.3 4,990 | 3,772 75.6

No own children under 18 years........ 1 1,043 | 631 60.5 8,785 | 1,749 | 19.9 2,791 | 2,011 72.1

16 to 34 years....................... 1 421 | 327 77.5 34 | 24 | a ) 748 | 688 91.9

35 years and over.................... 1 622 | 304 49.0 8,751 | 1,725 | 19.7 2,042 | 1,323 64.8

With own children under 18 years, 1 1 1 1

total............................... 1 1,033 | 622 60.2 511 | 321 1 62.8 2,200 | 1,762 80.1

16 to 34 years....................... 1 617 | 353 57.2 93 | 62 | 67.0 1,154 | 901 78.0

35 years and over................ 1 416 1 269 64.8 419 | 259 | 61.9 1,045 | 861 82.4

With own children 6 to 17, none 1 1 1 1

younger................... ........ 1 534 | 364 68.2 453 | 294 | 64.9 1,566 | 1,319 84.2

16 to 34 years...................... 1 161 | 116 72.0 57 | 47 | a ) 614 | 514 83.7

35 years and over.................. 1 373 | 249 66.6 396 | 247 | 62.4 951 | 805 84.6

With own children under 6 years..... | 499 | 258 51.7 58 | 27 | a ) 634 | 443 69.8

16 to 34 years..................... 1 456 | 237 52.0 35 | 15 (i) 540 | 387 71.6

35 years and over.................. I 42 | 21 a ) 23 | 12 | a ) 94 | 56 59.6

BLACK 1 1 1 1

Total.................. ................... | .1,092 | 634 58.0 1,319 | 320 | 24.3 880 | 605 68.8

No own children under 18 years........ 1 425 | 234 55.2 1,145 | 241 21.1 403 | 268 66.4

16 to 34 years....... ................ 1 83 | 57 68.8 5 | 3 1 (i) 59 | 54 (i)

35 years and over.................... 1 342 | 177 51.9 1,140 | 239 | 20.9 344 | 213 62.1

With own children under 18 years, i i i 1

total............................... | 668 | 400 59.9 174 | 79 | 45.3 477 | 338 70.8

16 to 34 years........ ........ ...... 1 378 | 228 60.4 35 | 16 | a ) 234 | 174 74.4

35 years and over................... | 290 | 171 59.1 139 | 63 | 45.4 243 | 163 67.3

With own children 6 to 17, none 1 1 1 1

younger..................... ...... 1 407 | 259 63.5 136 | 63 | 46.4 327 | 240 73.4

16 to 34 years..................... 1 151 | 107 70.6 19 | 7 | a ) 114 | 94 82.9

35 years and over.......... ....... 1 256 | 152 59.4 117 | 56 | 47.9 213 | 146 68.4

With own children under 6 years.... 1 261 | 141 54.1 38 | 16 | a ) 150 | 97 65.0

16 to 34 years..................... 1 227 | 121 53.6 16 | 9 1 a ) 120 | 80 66.3

35 years and over.................. 1 34 | 20 a ) 22 | 7 | a ) 30 | 18 (i)

HISPANIC ORIGIN 1 1 l 1

Total...................................... 1 307 | 139 45.3 291 | 76 26.3 310 | 201 64.7

No own children under 18 years........ 1 108 | 51 46.8 244 | 55 | 22.6 148 | 96 64.6

16 to 34 years........ . 1 36 | 22 a ) 4 | 4 I (i) 25 | 23 a )

35 years and over.................... 1 72 | 29 a ) 241 | 51 I 21.3 123 | 73 59.5

With own children under 18 years, 1 I 1 1

total............................... 1 199 | 88 44.5 46 | 21 | (i) 162 | 105 64.8

16 to 34 years....................... 1 123 | 49 39.6 12 | 4 I a ) 83 | 55 65.8

35 years and over.................... 1 76 | 40 52.5 34 | 17 I a ) 78 | 50 63.8

With own children 6 to 17, none i 1 1 1

younger............................ 1 90 | 51 56.1 35 | 17 | (i) 106 | 74 69.8

16 to 34 years...................... 1 25 1 13 (1) 3 | 2 I C D 42 | 32 a )

35 years and over.................. 1 65 | 38 (1) 31 I 15 a ) 64 | 42 (i)

With own children under 6 years.... 1 108 | 38 34.8 12 | 4 I a ) 56 | 31 a )

16 to 34 years..................... 1 98 | 36 36.6 9 1 2 I a ) 42 | 23 a )

35 years and over.................. 1 10 | 

1 1

2 (i) 3 1 

1

3 I a ) 14 | 

1

8 a )

1 Rate not shown where base is less than 75,000.

32

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-6. SMumber of earners 16 years old and over and relationship by family income in 1979; type of family and race, March 1980

(Numbers in thousands)

1 1 

1 1 

1 1

Income of family (In dollars)

Number of earners and |Total | 1 1

relationship | | Under |1,000 2,000 |3,000 15, 000 |7,000 |10,0001 13 ,000| 15,000| 20,0001 25,0001 35,000| 50,000|Median

i i1,000 | to to | to 1 to 1 to | to 1 to | to 1 to | to | and (family

1 1 

1 1

1,999 2,999 |4,999 |6, 

1

999 19,999 |12,9991 14 ,999| 19,999| 24,9991 34,9991 49,9991 over 1 income 

1

ALL FAMILIES 1 1 

1 1

1

1

i

i

Total ...................

1 1 

|59,9101 584 | 465 731 | 2,523 ,060| 5,119| 5,8441 3 ,561| 8,9581 8,551| 11,376| 6,067| 3,070|19,503

ARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES I I 1 1

Total................... . 14 9,1321 289 | 147 267 | 1,227| ,8891 3,5931 4,352| 2 ,805| 7,6341 7,642| 10,5681 5,782| 2,936|21,545

No earners............. 1 5,559| 163 | 50 128 | 670| 917| 1 ,297| 926| 3901 4561 252| 163| 97 1 4 8 | 8,855

One earner............. |13,912| 105 | 71 89 | 358| 618| 1,344| 1,716| 1,059| 2,5951 2,223| 2,1601 887 | 686)18,073

Husband only......... |11,934| 61 | 50 72 | 264| 475| 1,0431 1,391| 852| 2,2851 1,9701 1,9761 829| 666|18,850

Wife only............ 1 1,499| 37 | 19 15 | 7 9 1 116| 2441 275| 160| 2331 1611 109| 331 16|12,527

Other relative only.. | 480| 7 | 2 2 1 15 1 271 571 51 1 48| 7 6 1 91| 751 2 5 1 4 117,072

Two earners............ 122,3591 19 | 20 46 | 177| 32 21 8 741 1,533| 1,219| 3,9991 4,275| 6,084| 2,692| 1,099123,474

Husband and wife.... |19,645| 13 | 19 38 | 153| 279| 755| 1,355| ],101| 3,574| 3,8311 5,360| 2,2991 867123,308

Husband and other 1 1 i i

relative........... 1 2,287| - | 1 2 1 19 1 35J 85| 122| 8 4 1 343| 364| 6441 365| 222|26,361

Husband not an earner 1 42 8 1 6 I - 6 1 5 1 9| 3 3 1 561 34 1 8 1 1 801 801 281 9 |18,957

Three earners or more.. 1 7,301| 2 I 6 3 1 2 2 1 31 1 781 1771 1371 5851 892| 2,161| 2,107| 1,103132,958

Husband and wife..... 1 5,950| 1 1 4 2 I 141 2 1 1 59 1 139| 112| 4 7 4 1 7 34 1 1,8131 1,749| 829|32,811

Husband an earner, not| | i 1

wife.............. . 1 1,1891 - | 1 - | 3| 5 1 17 | 2 3 1 2 0 1 8 6 1 1341 312| 3 28 1 258|34,725

Husband is nonearner. 1 1631 1 i -

1 | 5| 5 1 1| 151 5| 251 2 4 1 361 30 1 15|24,964

OTHER FAMILIES 1 1 1 1

Maintained by m e n 1 1 I 1

1

1

Total..................... 1 1,769| 25 | 19 27 | 9 5 1 1061 178| 236| 117| 266| 2261 255| 143|

1

75116,533

No earner........ . 1 225| 18 | 8 18 | 351 3 0 1 4 6 1 321 9 | 171 7 | 4| 2 1 - 1 7,241

One earner, total...... 1 788| 5 | 10 9 1 3 8 1 61 1 93 1 132| 68| 1341 97 1 8 2 1 3 6 1 22 |14,347

Householder only..... 1 634| 2 1 10 7 | 3 0 1 49 1 74 108| 501 95 8 8 1 72) 291 20114,436

Other relative only.. 1 1541 2 1 - 3 I 7 1 1 | 19 1 241 171 4 0 1 9| 101 7 | 3|14,089

Two earners or more, 1 1 1 1

total........ ....... 1 7551 2 1 1 | 22| 15| 391 721 401 1151 123| 169| 105| 53|22,936

Householder and other 1 1 1

relative(s)........ 1 710| 2 1 - - | 2 0 1 151 361 701 40| 1001 120| 158| 100| 49123,001

Householder is 1 1 1 i

nonearner.......... 1 451 - i 1 - i 2| - i 3| 3| - 1 151 3 1 H I 5| 31 (2)

Maintained by w o m e n ' 1 1 1 1

Total........... ......... | 9,009| 270 | 298 437 | 1,201 1,065| 1,3491 1,2571 638| 1,0581 6831 5531 142| 59 | 9,719

No earner............... 1 2,084| 209 | 166 255 l 6301 352| 20 41 121) 44 1 381 4 4 1 131 81 - | 4,245

One earner, total...... 1 4,3911 59 | 127 161 | 495| 597| 8901 791| 348| 503| 2271 1551 23 151 9,513

Householder only..... 1 3,4551 46 | 99 130 | 422| 479| 7371 649| 2451 388| 1581 8 0 1 111 101 9,181

Other relative only.. 1 9361 13 | 28 31 I 74 1 119| 152| 142| 102| 115| 68| 75| 1 | 6111,157

Two earners or more, 1 1 1 1

total................ 1 2,5341 2 I 6 22 | 7 5 115| 255) 345| 246| 5171 412| 384| n i l 43116,937

Householder and other 1 1 1 1

relative(s)........ 1 2,246| 2 1 6 18 | 6 6 1 911 2181 32 0 1 229| 459| 380| 3331 881 36|16,889

Householder is 1 1 1 1

nonearner.......... | 288| - i - 4 | 101 241 381 251 17 1 581 321 511 231 7 |17,316

W H I T E 1 1 1 1

Total ..................... |52,534| 470 | 290 421 | 1,775| 2 ,3361 4,1921 4,997| 3 123| 8,0571 7,803|10,466| 5,671| 2,933|20,388

ARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES 1 1 i 1

Total...................... 144,7661 254 | 124 209 | 1,0191 1 605| 3,1681 3,8881 2 524] 6,9491 7,0291 9,768| 5,425| 2,806|21,881

No earners............... 1 5,150| 138 | 37 95 | 5751 818| 1,221| 8881 381| 443| 2471 163| 961 481 9,160

One earner............... |12,7851 98 | 61 73 | 2791 500| 1,1431 1,5531 954| 2,4261 2,098| 2,066| 868| 666|18,569

Husband only.......... 111,061| 57 | 42 62 | 211| 388| 8971 1,2651 77 3 1 2,1411 1 ,873| 1,891| 81 3 1 646|19,283

Wife only............. 1 1,2901 34 | 17 9 1 57 | 8 8 1 2021 2401 140) 210| 144| 1021 3 1 1 16112,989

Other relative only... 1 434| 7 | 2 2 1 111 24 441 4 9 1 4 1 1 741 8 1 1 7 | 2 | 4 117,576

Two earners............. 120,1681 17 | 20 38 | 148| 25 9 1 7341 1 ,302| 1 080| 3,580| 3,8991 5,5721 2,4751 1,043|23,726

Husband and wife...... 117,6801 10 | 19 30 | 1261 2221 633| 1,1601 9831 3,192| 3,4981 4,8891 2,1031 815|23,523

Husband and other 1 1 1 1

relative............ 1 2,135| - | 1 2 1 171 3 0 1 74 1 1031 721 319| 334| 619| 3451 219|26,867

Husband not an earner. 1 353| 6 1 - 6 1 5 1 7 1 28| 40| 2 6 1 68| 661 64 271 9119,288

Three earners or more... | 6,663| 2 1 6 3 | 171 2 8 1 69 1441 109| 5001 7851 1,966| 1,986| 1,050|33,494

Husband and wife...... 1 5,4171 1 1 4 2 l 101 20 1 50 1 111| 88 1 4031 645| 1,650| 1,6461 788133,333

Husband an earner, not 1 1 1 1

wife................. 1 1,1141 - | 1 - | 2 1 5 1 171 221 19| 741 1221 2871 316| 249|35,363

Husband is nonearner.. 1 132| 1 1 - 1 1 5 1 3 1 1| 121 3| 2 | 181 281 2 4 1 14)24,870

OTHER FAMILIES 1 1 1 1

Maintained by men' 1 1 1 1

Total...................... 1 1,467| 18 | 16 19 | 7 3 1 771 141| 175| 100| 2271 1 94 1 231| 124( 7 2 117,518

No earner................ 1 190| 13 | 6 11 1 30 231 3 6 1 32) 9 1 17 7 1 41 2 1 - | 8,111

One earner, total....... 1 647| 3 1 9 9 1 271 4 0 1 7 2 1 941 5 7 1 117| 87 1 7 | 3 4 1 21|15,518

Householder only...... 1 520| - 1 9 7 | 20 331 5 7 1 75 1 4 2 1 86 1 79 1 6 | 2 7 1 18|15,952

Other relative only... 1 127 2 1 - 2 I 7 1 7 1 1 | 191 15 1 311 8| 10| 7 1 3 11A ,423

Two earners or more, 1 1 1 1

total................. 1 630| 2 1 1 - | 161 141 3 2 1 49| 331 931 100| 151| 8 7 1 52 |23,738

Householder and other 1 1 1 1

relative(s)......... 1 590| 2 1 - - | 151 141 30| 4 | 3 3 1 8 2 1 97 1 141| 8 3 1 48|23,816

Householder is l 1 1 1

nonearner........... 1 4 0 1 - i 1 - i

2| " 1 3| 3| " 1 111 3 1 91 51 31 (2)

Maintained by w o m e n ' 1 1 1 1

Total...................... | 6,302| 198 | 151 192 | 683| 655| 8841 934| 499| 881| 5791 468| 12 31 55|11,291

No earner................ 1 1,299| 159 | 79 109 | 348| 2 201 1581 99| 29 1 36 1 391 131 8 1 - 1 4,722

One earner, total....... 1 3,100| 37 | 69 75 | 2991 3701 574) 591| 281| 430| 1971 138| 23 1 15|10,641

Householder only...... 1 2,415| 30 | 53 68 | 2651 2971 4721 484| 1981 3241 135| 691 11| 10|10,137

Other relative only... 1 68 41 7 | 15 7 | 341 7 3 1 102| 106| 831 106[ 631 701 121 6|12,924

Two earners or more, 1 1 1 1

total........ ........ 1 1,903| 2 1 3 8 I 35 651 1521 2441 188) 415| 343| 316| 92| 40|18,058

Householder and other 1 1 1 1

relative(s)......... l 1,716| 2 1 3 7 | 291 531 1351 230J 1801 3791 317| 2721 751 34 l17,895

Householder is 1 1 1 1

nonearner........... 1 187 

1 1

1 1 6|

1

121 171 141 8| 3 6 1 261 4 | 171 5119,772

1

See footnote at end of table.

33

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table C-6. Continued— Number of earners 16 years old and over and relationship by family

income in 1979; type of family and race, March 1980

(Numbers in thousands) 1

Number of earners and 

relationship

1 1 

1 1 

1 1

Income of family (In dollars)

(Total | | 

| | Under | 

1 11,000 | 

1 1 1 

I I 1

1,000 | 

to | 

1,999 |

2,000 

to | 

2,999 |4

1

,000 |5 

to | 

,999 |6 

1

1

,000 |7 

to | 

,999 |9 

1

1 1 1 

,000 |10,000|13,000|15 

to 1 to 1 to 1 

,999 |12,999|14,999|19 

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

000|20,000|25,000|35,000|50,000|Median 

:o | to | to | to | and | family 

,999|24,999|34,999|49,999| over lincome 

1 1 1 1 1

B L A C K

i i 

i i 

i i

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Total..................... i 6,238| 90 | 161 | 295 | 690| 657| 838| 729| 376| 761| 600| 701| 2 8 4 1 5 7 | U , 4 9 0

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 L 1 1 1

Total..................... | 3,436| 22 | 16 | 51 I 184| 241| 360| 386| 232| 5641 476| 604| 2 4 7 1 51116,988

No earners............. 1 3421 16 | 8 I 27 | 90| 8 0 1 621 3 5 1 9 1 9 1 5| - | - | H 5,734

One earner......... . | 9041 4 I 8 I 15 | 67 1 103| 170| 136| 8 6 1 139| 101| 56| 13| 4111,778

Husband only......... 1 673| 2 1 6 I 9 1 4 4 1 7 | 121| 100| 62 1 116| 7 | 4 8 1 10| 4 |12,375

Wife only........ 1 190| 2 I 2 I 6 1 191 2 7 1 36 1 34 1 181 2 1 1 1 1 7 | 11 - 110,225

Other relative only.. 1 4 0 1 - | - | - | 4| 3| 12 1 2 1 6| 2| 8| 2| 2| - 1 (2)

Two earners............ 1 1,731| 2 1 - | 8 I 24 1 5 | 119| 189| i n i 350| 2901 405| 150| 28|20,114

Husband and wife..... 1 1,546| 2 I - | 8 I 24 1 49| 105| 157| 96| 314| 255| 379| 133| 24|20,359

Husband and other 1 1 i 1 1 1 i i 1 i i i

relative........... 1 120| - | - | - | - | 5| 9 1 17 1 7 | 2 4 1 24 1 1 | 161 3|19,669

Husband not an earner 1 651 - | - | - | - | 2| 5| 151 8| 13| 10| 1 2 1 - | - 1 (2)

Three earners or more.. 1 4591 - | - | - | 3| 3| 8| 27 1 2 6 1 65| 8 0 1 143| 84 1 19|26,181

Husband and w i fe..... 1 391| - | - | - | 2| 1| 8| 2 2 1 24 59 1 68| 121| 741 12|25,922

Husband an earner, not| | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

wife....... 1 50 1 - | - | - | 1| - | - | 2| - | 6 1 10 1 17| 8| 51 (2)

Husband is nonearner. 1 18 1 “ 1 - 1 - i - 1 2| - i 3 1 2 1 - i 2| 5 1 2 1 21 (2)

OTHER FAMILIES 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Maintained by men' 1 I i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

Total..................... 1 265| 3 I 3 1 8 I 1 | 2 7 1 2 9 1 52 1 16 38 1 2 8 1 22 1 191 2 |12,119

No earner........ ...... 1 30 1 2 i 2 I 7 | 4| 6| 9| - | - | - | - | - | - | - 1 (2)

One earner, total...... 1 126| 1 1 2 I 1 | H I 1 | 151 351 10| 181 8 1 3| 2 1 2|11,059

Householder only..... l 9 9 1 | 2 I - | 10| 141 121 30| 7 1 9| 7 1 3| 2| 2|10,929

Other relative only.. l 2 7 1 - | - | 1 | - | 5| 3| 5| 3| 9 1 1| - | - | - 1 (2)

Two earners or more, i i 1 1 i i i i 1 1 1 1

total................ 1 1091 - | - | - | 4 1 2| 5| 18| 6 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 8 1 17 1 - |20,167

Householder and other 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i i i 1 1

relative(s)........ 1 1031 - | - | - | 4 1 2 1 5 1 1 | 6| 171 20| 161 171 - 120,297

Householder is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 i

- 1 (2) 

1 

Maintained by women' 1

1 1 

I I

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Total..................... 1 2,537| 65 | 141 | 237 | 487| 389| 4491 290| 128| 159| 96 1 7 | 18 1 3 | 6,722

No earner............... 1 7461 43 | 84 l 142 | 269| 126| 45| 1 | 15| - | 5| - | - | - | 3,680

One earner, total...... 1 1,212| 22 | 56 1 81 I 181| 215| 303| 181| 62 70| 28| 14 1 - | - | 7,473

Householder only..... 1 9751 16 | 43 | 59 | 142| 172| 254| 151| 44 61| 22 1 101 - | - | 7,609

Other relative only.. 1 237| 5 | 12 | 22 | 39| 4 3 1 4 8 1 30| 181 9| 6| 5| - | - | 6,788

Two earners or more, 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 i i 1 1

total........ 1 580| - | 2 I 13 | 36| 481 101| 93| 52| 90 1 63| 61 1 18| 3|12,872

Householder and other 1 1 i i 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 1

relative(s)........ | 484| - | 2 I 11 | 33 36 1 81 1 8 2 1 45 6 9 1 58| 5 4 1 13| 1112,912

Householder is 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i i i i

nonearner.......... 1 96 - | - | 3 I 3| 12 1 20 1 111 7 | 21 1 5| 6| 5| 2 |11,981

i - i 1 i i i .. L i i 1 . i 1

11ncludes only families where householder Is a divorced, separated, widowed, 2 Median not shown where base is less than 75,000. or never-married person.

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