SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 22 
Vascular Flora of the 
Northern Marianas Islands 
F. Raymond Fosberg, M. V. C. Falanruw, 
and Marie- Helene Sachet 
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 
City of Washington 
1975 
ABSTRACT 
Fosberg, F. Raymond, M. V. C. Falanruw, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Vascular 
Flora of the Northern Marianas Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 
number 22, 45 pages, 2 figures, 1975.--1-\ systematic catalog of the vascular plants 
known from the northern 10 islands in the Marianas Archipelago in Micronesia, 
with a short geographical introduction and, for each species, ecological and 
geographic data and specimen citations, or, where these are unavailable, citations 
of literature records. 
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 
in the Institution's annual report, Srnithsonian Year. SI PRESS Nmmm 5217. SWES COVER 
DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllurn japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 
Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- 
Vascular flora of the Northern Marianas Islands. 
(Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 22) 
Bibliography: p. 
Includes index. 
Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:22 
1. Botany-Mariana Islands. I. Falanruw, Marjorie V. C., joint author. 11. Sachet, Marie- 
Hblhne, joint author. 111. Title. IV. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contribu- 
tions to botany, no. 22. 
QKlS2747 no. 22 [QK473.M34] 581'.08s [581.9'96'7] 74-20631 
Con tents 
Page 
Introduction ........................................................ 1 
Annotated List of the Vascular Flora .................................. 6 
References .......................................................... 43 
Index to Families ................................................... 45 
iii 

Vascular Flora of the 
Northern Marianas Islands 
F. Raymond Fosberg, M. V. C. Falanruw, 
and Marie-Helene Sachet 
Introduction 
Micronesia (Figure 1) consists of a group of 
archipelagoes in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, 
all made up of very small islands (hence the name 
Micronesia). With a few exceptions, they are all 
in the northern hemisphere. One of the archipela- 
goes to the west is the long north-south chain of 
the Marianas Islands. To date there is no flora of 
the Marianas, let alone of the smaller northern 
islands of the group, but enough information has 
now accumulated to make such a flora meaningful, 
phytogeographically. Very considerable scientific 
interest has developed in recent years concerning 
these small islands. They, especially the unin- 
habited ones, form excellent, somewhat inacessi- 
ble, natural ecological and evolutionary labora- 
tories. 
Several expeditions have been organized by 
members of the Biology Department and Marine 
Laboratory of the University of Guam. One of the 
authors of this paper, Mrs. Falanruw, heads a 
project for interpretation of vegetation changes in 
these islands from satellite and aerial imagery. The 
U. S. Navy is about to file an environmental im- 
pact statement for a project to use Farallon de 
Medinilla as a target range. 
Hence, and as a part of the vegetation interpre- 
tation project mentioned above, we have brought 
F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helenee Sachet, Department 
of Botany, National Museum of h?atural History, Smithsonian 
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. M. V. C. Falanrum, Yap 
Institute of Natural Science, Caroline Islands 96943. 
together the information available to us and put 
it into the form of a systematic census of the vascu- 
lar plants of the islands north of Saipan. The paper, 
therefore, serves as a record of ?ground truth? for 
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands EROS 
Project: Vegetation Changes in the Northern Mari- 
anas. Additional interpretation of the vegetation 
of the Northern Marianas is planned using aerial 
and orbital imagery. 
Because two of the authors of this flora are en- 
gaged in preparing a major flora of Micronesia, 
which will have full synonymies, keys, descriptions, 
and literature citations, these features are not in- 
cluded in the present work. Verified names, eco- 
logical and distributional information, and 
specimen citations are provided. We feel that the 
distribution by islands is reasonably complete, 
though careful exploration may fill this in and 
even reveal new species. One, Terminalia rostrata, 
was found on Asuncion Island in 1972. Medinilla, 
the smallest island, is also by far the least bo- 
tanically well known. Much information on many 
of these species may be found in Stone?s compre- 
hensive Flora of Guam (1971). Guam is the south- 
ernmost and largest of the Marianas. 
The Northern Marianas, the chain of islands 
extending about 480 km from Medinilla north to 
Uracas (Figure 2), are, with the exception of tiny 
Medinilla, active or dormant volcanoes, Anatahan 
may be extinct, but probably is only dormant. 
Medinilla is a flat-topped limestone remnant about 
0.85 sq km in area and 30 m high. Geologically 
it might perhaps better be associated with the 
1 
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4 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
E 145' 
NORTHERN 
MARIANAS 
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FIGURE 2.-The Northern Marianas. (One degree of latitude = 60 nautical miles = 111 km.) 
NUMBER 22 
5 
Southern Marianas. The others are both larger 
and higher, and limestone is only known from a 
very small area on Pagan. Otherwise the substratum 
is entirely of volcanic origin. 
The limitation in area and in substratum types 
is, at least in part, responsible for a limited flora. 
Isolation, and the extreme geological youth of at 
least the volcanic islands, exert an influence in the 
same direction, toward a small flora. 
A detailed history of botanical exploration will 
be reserved for the Micronesian flora. Only those 
responsible for the records and specimens cited 
here will be mentioned. Doubtless many of the 
early voyagers sighted, perhaps even visited, some 
01 the 10 islands treated here. La Perouse (1797), 
who visited the islands in 1786, reported stunted 
coconuts on Asuncion at that time. Captain 
Beechey (1831, II:438), in H. M. S. Blossom, visited 
Asuncion in 1827 and gives a very contrasting ac- 
count from that of La Perouse. Whether any plants 
were collected we have not found out. None are 
reported in the botany of the voyage. De la Corte 
(1926, 1927) wrote an account mentioning some 
plants by their Chamorro names. The first collec- 
tions of herbarium specimens were probably those 
made in 1887 by Marche (1891). Governor Fritz, 
administrator under the German regime, made a 
trip visiting all of the islands in 1901, making some 
botanical observations and planting a number of 
useful plants (Fritz, 1902). Few of these persisted, 
but a number of weedy species may have been 
carried along by accident and established them- 
selves. 
The first significant collections were made by the 
Japanese, especially Professors Ryozo Kanehira and 
Takahide Hosokawa, during the 1930s. They pub- 
lished informal accounts with some listing of col- 
lections (Kanehira, 1934; Hosokawa, 1934) and 
cited these plants in appropriate taxonomic treat- 
ments. These records from the literature, or the 
specimens if we have been able to see them, are 
listed under the species below. 
More recent collections were made by Donald 
Anderson (Pacific Vegetation Project) in 1949; 
F. R. Fosberg (Pacific Vegetation Project) in 1950; 
L. D. Bonham and G. W. Corwin (U. S. Geological 
Survey) in 1954; Michael Evans (Pacific Vegetation 
Project) in 1966; M. Villa-Gomez (University of 
Guam) in 1970; Philip Moore (Guam Public 
Schools) in 1971. M. V. C. Falanruw (University 
of Guam and Smithsonian Institution), in 1970 
and 1972, made collections from the motor sailing 
ship Wanderer (Robert Hervin, Master). 
The best sets of these recent collections are or 
will be deposited at the Smithsonian Institution 
(U. S. National Herbarium). The Japanese collec- 
tions are in the Kyushu and Taipei University 
Herbaria, with some duplicates in various U. S. 
and European herbaria. We have been able to 
study part of them. 
Recently two other sources, not documented by 
specimens, have become available and are included 
here especially because they provide more informa- 
Lion than hitherto available on the plants of 
Medinilla. They are an excerpt from a manuscript 
draft environmental impact statement, by Swed- 
berg, on Medinilla, mentioning a few plants, and 
a booklet on the Marianas by Lehne and Gabler 
(1972), mentioning some plants by Chamorro or 
German names. They include five names for which 
we have been unable to find botanical equivalents: 
Admahaian, Dumpkin, Kurbisse, Nok, Paypayge- 
busch. 
The principal botanical papers on or including 
Northern Marianas plants are listed in the litera- 
ture cited at the end of this account. Special men- 
tion may be made of four of these papers, not 
cited otherwise, but dealing with aspects of North- 
ern Marianas botany: Corwin et al., 1957; Fosberg, 
1958; Fosberg and Corwin, 1958; and Fosberg, 
1960. 
The floristic information in the present account 
has been accumulated in our Micronesian flora card 
files by Fosberg and Sachet over a period of many 
years. It was compiled from this source and from 
specimen labels into the present form by our 
efficient botanical technician, Mr. Royce Oliver, 
to whom our appreciation is very sincere. The 
ecological information has been put together from 
field notebooks by Falanruw and Fosberg. Plant 
identifications are largely by Fosberg and Sachet. 
Much of the work on the manuscript, as well as 
on the original card files is by Sachet, who has 
worked in the Southern Marianas, though not yet 
in the northern islands, and who has handled and 
studied many of the collections and checked most 
of the published records. 
Parts of the work have been supported by Smith- 
sonian Research Awards Grants, Office of Naval 
Research contracts, a National Institutes of Health 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
contract, and a Janss Foundation Grant; our time 
and space have been provided, over the years, by 
the National Museum of Natural History (formerly 
in the U. S. National Museum), the U. S. Geolog- 
ical Survey, the Pacific Science Board NAS/NRC, 
and the Yap Institute of Science. Transportation 
to the islands, on several occasions, was provided 
by the U. S. Navy. To all of these organizations 
our thanks are here expressed, as well as to the 
authorities of the many herbaria where we have 
worked or who have loaned specimens. Herbarium 
symbols used in the citations are according to the 
Index Herbariorum (Lanjouw) system except that 
the symbol ?Fo? indicates material still in the 
authors? possession, not yet deposited formally. An 
asterisk (*) before a name indicates that the plant 
concerned is believed to be a post-European intro- 
duction. 
For further information on the circumstances of 
work on the Micronesian flora readers are referred 
to the first installment of this flora (Fosberg and 
Sachet, 1975) and to other installments as they 
appear. 
Annotated List of the Vascular Flora 
PSILOTACEAE 
Psilotum complanatum Swartz 
Rare; usually epiphytic. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 442. 
Uncommon; terrestrial, on steep slope of bare 
Pantropical. 
Pagan: Road to Talague Beach, Moore 334 (US); 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 300 ft 
Psiloturn nudum (L.) Beauvois 
clay soil on Anatahan. 
Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], Moore 360 (US). 
[90 m], Falanruw 1622 (US). 
LYCOPODIACEAE 
Lycopodium cernuum L. 
places. 
Uncommon; on lava and ash in open or brushy 
Pantropical. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], Falanruw 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 439. 
1996. 
MARATTIACEAE 
Angiopteris evecta (Forster) Hoffmann 
Occasional small colonies in deep moist shaded 
ravines; fronds ascending, 4-5 m tall, from a mas- 
sive barrel-shaped fleshy rhizome or corm. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: Canyon on east side, Fosberg 31623 
(US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa 7941 (BISH); Kanehira 
2176 (US); south southwest coast, 650-1000 ft 
[200-300 m], Falanruw 1931 (US); Anderson 427 
Sarigan: Hosokawa 7894; above village, 350-375 
Anatahan: Northern coast, below 250 ft [75 m], 
(US). 
m, Evans 2370 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L, P). 
Falanruw 1711 (US). 
GLEICHENIACEAE 
Gleichenia linearis (Burman f.) C.B. Clarke 
scars. 
Common locally on lava and colonizing erosion 
Old World tropics. 
Pagan: Mt. Charlen, spatter cone east of Fresh 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 435. 
Water Lake, Fosberg 31408 (US). 
POLYPODIACEAE 
Acrostichum aureum L. 
Occasional in moist ravines and on wet banks on 
Anatahan; forming continuous belt of marsh veg- 
etation around lake on Pagan in 1950; generally 
an inhabitant of swampy places, especially near 
mangrove swamps on other islands; a tall, stiff, 
coarse fern. 
Pantropical. 
Pagan: Crater Lake, Anderson 524 (US, BISH, 
Fo), 523 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Fresh Water Lake, 
Fosberg 31379 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island below 150 
ft [45 m], Falanruw 1657 (US); northern coast, be- 
NUMBER 22 
7 
low 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1970 (US). 
Asplenium nidus L. 
Common, both epiphytic and terrestrial in shaded 
moist areas; in rock crevices, and on volcanic tuff 
cliffs, some specimens on Uracas with divided tips. 
Pan tropical. 
Uracas: South coast, below 400 ft [120 m], Fal- 
anruw 2201 (US). 
Maug: South central East Island, 400 ft [120 m], 
Falanruw 224 I (US, BISH). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2256 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31611 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: 2 miles [3.2 km] south of pier, 10 m, 
Anderson 590 (US, BISH, Fo, MICH, IJ); road to 
Talague beach, Moore 333 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31660 
(US); south southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], Falan- 
ruw 1895 (US); 1025 ft [310 m] Falanruw 1991? 
(US); Anderson 417 (US, Fo, MICH, IJ). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falan- 
ruw 1802 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 250-300 m, Evans 2385 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1666 
(US). 
Asplenium unilaterale Lamarck 
Terrestrial on shaded banks and moist soil. 
Agrigan: Canyon on east side of island, Fosberg 
31622 (US, BISH, Fo, MICH, IJ). 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 232. 
Alamagan: 100 m, Anderson 405 (US, BISH, Fo, 
MICH, IJ); south southwest coast, Falanruw 1905 
(US). 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 232. 
Anatahan: Behind village, southwest corner of 
island, Falanruw 1624 (US). 
Athyrium sorzogonense (Presl) Milde 
Not seen by us. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 229; Wagner and 
Grether, 1948, p. 63. 
Athyrium sp. 
Rare, on scoria cliff. 
Agrigan: Canyon on east side of island, Fosberg 
31626 (US, Fo). 
Belvisia spicata (L. f.) Mirbel 
Epiphytic on coconut trunk in moist ravine. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: South east of village, under 1000 ft 
[300 m], Falanruw 1972 (US). 
Bolbitis quoyana (Gaudichaud) Ching 
low to moderate elevations. 
Terrestrial, shaded banks and in deep ravines, 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 1025 ft [310 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 248. 
Anatahan: Western coast, below 200 m, Falanruw 
1698 (US); northwest corner of island, 300 ft [90 
m], Falanruw 1619 (US). 
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burman f.) Swartz 
widely distributed species in open habitats. 
20 m, Fosberg 31624 (US). 
m], Falanruw 1924 (US). 
Terrestrial in savannas on volcanic ash soil. A 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7963 (US); northwest, sea level, 
Falanruw 1853 (US); Mt. Pagan, Moore 392 (US), 
388 (US); 900 ft [275 m], 372 (US); east of Fresh 
Water Lake, Fosberg 31399 (US); Mt. Charlen, spat- 
ter cone, east of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31405 
Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching 
Rare on scoria cliffs and in shaded rich moist 
soil. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31625 (US); 
midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2337 (US, 
BISH). 
Alamagan: Anderson 428 (US); south southwest 
coast, 1025 ft [310 m], Falanruw 1992 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1613 (US). 
Davallia solida (Forster f.) Swartz 
Ubiquitous, epiphytic on tree trunks and ter- 
restrial, on rocks, cliffs and even on young lava 
flows, rhizomes creeping extensively. In hot dry 
barren caldera of Mt. Pagan. Dominant plant on 
upper slopes of Asuncion above forest margin from 
250 to 600 m or higher, forming a deep humus mat. 
Abundant also on Guguan. Possibly represents the 
original vegetation on these young volcanic slopes. 
Widespread in Pacific Islands in diverse habitats. 
Very variable in size and texture of fronds. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [460 m], 
(US). 
8 SMITHSOKIAN CONTRIBUTIOKS TO BOTANY 
Falanruw 2291 (US); 250 ft [75 m], 2271 (US, 
BISH). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31610 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Top of Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-X-12 
(US), JV-7K (US); isthmus, Anderson 571 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); east of village, Moore 401 (US); 
Caldera Wall, Moore 325 (US); Mt. Charlen, east 
of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31409 (US, BISH, 
Fo) . 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [I40 m], 
Falanrziw 1903 (US); around Partido village, Fos- 
berg 31676 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1842 
Sarigan: Behind village, 50-100 m, Evans 2367 
(US). 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Dryoptcris dissecta (Forster f.) 0. Kuntze 
Growing on cool shaded wet clay wall. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [I50 m], 
Falanruw 1916 (US). 
Histiopteris incisa (Thunberg) J. Smith 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 227. 
Humata repens (L. f.) Diels 
Epiphytic. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 121. 
Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz 
Characteristic of savannas and other open situa- 
tions, found in Miscanthus grassland on Sarigan, 
in lava crevasses and around steam vents on Pagan. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 390 (US); Mt. Charlen, 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2377 (US, 
east of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31403 (US). 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Lindraea obtusa J. Smith 
Not seen by us. 
Alamagan: Kramer, 1970, p. 171; Hosokawa, 
1936, p. 117. -I9 -&A 
L- 
Lindsaea repens var. pectinata (Blume) Mettenius 
ex Kuhn 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 116. 
Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott 
Terrestrial in very shaded areas. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, 800 ft [240 m], Moore 376 
(US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1881 (US); 500 ft [150 m], Falanruw 1911 
(US). 
hrephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott 
Could this really be one or more of the other 
species misdetermined? We have not seen any of 
the cited material. 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 69. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 69. 
Nep hro lepis hirsu tula (Fors ter f.) Presl 
Terrestrial, common component of herbaceous 
vegetation in edges of forest on Asuncion. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 750 ft [230 m], 
Falanruw 2288 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31593 (US). 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], Moore 370 
(US); Moore 387? (US), 389? (US); Caldera Wall, 
Moore 329 (US), 328 (US), near Crater Lake, An- 
derson 520 (US); east of Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, 
Fosberg 31406 (US), 31410 (US); south of Fresh 
Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31391 (US); 150 ft 
[45 m], Bonham 7 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31699 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2374 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY); 50-100 m, 2401 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, 
Evans 2455? (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Nep hro Eep is mu It iflora (Rox burgh) Jarret t ex 
Morton 
Terrestrial, in shaded areas. 
Pagan: East of Lake Laguna, Moore 352 (US), 
350 (US); summit Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-X-16 
Guguan: Southwest part of island, 175 ft [50 m], 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
(US). 
Falanruw 1844 (US). 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1618 (US). 
Nephrolepis sp. 
species, but too young to identify. 
ruw 1753 (US). 
[90 m], Falanruw 1626 (US). 
Undoubtedly belongs to one or more of other 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 400 ft. [120 m], Falan- 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 300 ft 
NUMBER 22 9 
Polypodium nigrescens Blume 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1936, p, 246. 
Polypodium punctatum (L.) Swartz 
Sarigan: Above village, 250-300 m, Evans 2383 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY); 50-100 m, Evans 2403 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Polypodium scolopendria Burman f. 
Very common fern, on all islands south of Maug 
with the possible exception of Medinilla. It grows 
in a variety of habitats, varying from small pioneer 
plants on steep cinder slopes on Guguan to very 
large specimens growing in shaded ravines on 
Agrigan, fruiting under both harsh and favorable 
conditions. It may be either terrestrial or, more 
rarely, epiphytic. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2257 (US). 
Agrigan: 10-20 m, Fosberg 31592 (US, BISH); 
midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2345 (US). 
Pagan: 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 42 (US); Fresh 
Water Lake, Fosberg 31385 (US, BISH); Mt. Pagan 
1700 ft [520 m], Moore 377 (US). 
Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31659 (US); 
south southwest coast, 450 ft [I40 m], Falanruw 
1893 (US); 250 ft [75 m], 1878 (US); Songsong 
[=Asongsong] village, 15 ft [5 m], Kondo 13 (BISH). 
Guguan: West coast, 200-225 ft [60-70 m], Falan- 
ruw 1824 (US); 200 ft [60 m], 1820a (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1727 (US), 1734 (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 
2354 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 150 
ft [45 m], Falanruw 1653 (US); western coast, be- 
low 200 m, Falanruw 1710 (US); northwest tip of 
island, 0-10 m, Evam 2456 (US, BISH). 
Pteris quadriaurita Retzius (Pteris pacifica 
Hieronymus) 
Very common, especially in semishade, on Anata- 
han and Sarigan. Small but fertile plants occur in 
full sun on bare black lava bluffs of Asuncion. 
Maug: Central East Island, 500 ft [I50 m], Falan- 
ruw 2236 (US), 2242 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
ruw 2276 (US, BISH), 2275 (US, BISH); 15 ft [4.5 
m], 2283 (US). 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 
2338 (US), 2339 (US); trail around south side of 
island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31579 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Fossil, Corwin PC-79-la to If; Caldera 
Wall, Moore 326 (US); Talague beach, Moore 339 
(US); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31388 
(US, BISH, Fo, MICH); 50 ft [15 m], Bonham 40 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31665 (US, BISH, Fo, MICH); 170 m, Anderson 
406 (US); south southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], 
Falanruw 1892 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1742 (US); 200 ft [60 m], 1780 (US); near village, 
10-100 m, Evans 2336 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1617 (US); 150 ft [45 m], 
1654 (US); west end of north coast, below 250 ft 
[75 m], Falanruw 1680 (US); northwest tip of island, 
0-10 m, Evans 2444 (US); Kanehira 2145 (US). 
Pteris tripartita Swartz 
Four clusters of large specimens growing in semi- 
shaded crevasse on large exposure of older volcanic 
rock. A widespread species in the Pacific but curi- 
ously restricted in the Northern Marianas. 
Uracas: South coast, below 400 ft [I20 m], Falan- 
ruw 2202 (US). 
Pteris vittata L. 
Mt. Pagan, Moore 364 (US). 
Sphenomeris biflora (Kaulfuss) Tagawa 
Terrestrial in moist shaded areas and on bare 
pyroclastic material. 
Agrigan: In canyon on east side of island, Fos- 
berg 31630 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 373 (US), 362 (US); 
near Salt Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31344 (US); 
east of Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31407 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 m], 
Anatahan: West end of north coast, below 250 
(US). 
Pagan: East of Lake Laguna, Moore 349 (US); 
(US). 
Falanruw 1909 (US). 
fL [75 m], Falanruw 1687 (US). 
Sphenonieris chinensis (L.) Maxon 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 115. 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2376 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulfuss) Fosberg & Sachet 
Terrestrial, occasional in shaded moist areas; 
bases of cliffs. A widespread Indo-Pacific species, 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
reaching its northern limit here. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31633 (US, 
BISH, Fo, MICH); midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], 
Falanruw 2336 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: 60 m, Anderson 412 (US, BISH, Fo, 
MICH, IJ, NY); south southwest coast, 500 ft [I50 
m], Falanruw 1913 (US). 
Thelypteris ornata (Wallich ex Beddome) Ching 
Alamagan: Wagner, 1948, p. 214; Wagner and 
Grether, 1948, pp. 58-59; Hosokawa, 1936, p. 233. 
Sarigan: Wagner, 1948, p. 214; Hosokawa, 1936, 
p. 233; Wagner and Grether, 1948, pp. 58-59. 
Anatahan: Wagner, 1948, p. 214; Hosokawa, 
1936, p. 233; Wagner and Grether, 1948, pp. 58-59. 
Thelypteris torresiana (Gaudichaud) Alston 
Terrestrial, occasional in moist shaded or partly 
shaded areas. 
Pagan: Near Crater Lake, 25 m, Anderson 519 
(US); pass between the two lakes, 2-50 m, Fosberg 
31417 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 m], 
Falanruw 1910 (US), 1912 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 300 ft 
[90 m], Falanruw 1627 (US). 
Thelypteris unita (L.) Morton 
Terrestrial, common locally in exposed places. 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 76. 
Pagan: Summit Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-X- 
11 (US): east of Lake Laguna, Moore 351 (US); 150 
ft [45 m], Bonham 41 (US): pass between the two 
lakes, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31416 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 76. 
Vittaria incurvata Cavanilles 
Epiphytic, rare. 
Sarigan: Above village, 250-300 m, Evans 2382 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
CYATHEACEAE 
Cyathea aramaganensis Kanehira 
slopes above forest limit. 
A common tree fern on high open volcanic 
Endemic. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 1025 ft [310 
m], Falanruw 1927 (US, BISH); west slope of moun- 
tain, Anderson 424 (US). 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1936, p. 50; Wagner and 
Grether, 1948, p. 46. 
but not collected. 
Anatahan: Seen at higher elevations by Falanruw 
PANDAN ACEAE 
Freycinentia reineckei Warburg (F. mariannensis 
Merrill) 
Rooted in ground but climbing trees and earth 
cliffs in moist shaded areas, also in ravines, locally 
common. 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 
Pagan: Near Crater Lake, Anderson 522 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft [I00 
m], Falanruw 1882 (US); 60 m, Anderson 411 (US); 
vicinity of Asongsong village, Fosberg 31746 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 250-300 m, Evans 2384 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY), Evans 2380 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest coast, below 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 1611 (US). 
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson, sensu lato 
(incl. P. pseudo-menne Hosokawa) 
Probably present on all islands except Uracas, 
generally common, sea level to 200 m, occurring 
both in open and in sparse thickets, also on steep 
scoria canyon walls. In open the trees are rather 
low, with leaves touching ground: gregarious. 
Widespread variable species, which has been vari- 
ously split up. 
Maug: East Island, common on upper slopes, 
seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 25 ft [7 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2279 (US). 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31638 (US, 
BISH); midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2346 
Pagan: 150-600 ft [45-180 m], Bonham 16 (US, 
BISH). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
m, Fosberg 31704 (US, BISH); south southwest 
coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 m], Falanruw 1955 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
ruw 1811a (US). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1671 
2341' (US). 
(US). 
(US). 
NUMBER 22 
11 
GRAMINEAE 
WBambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland 
forest at about 300 m, not seen elsewhere. 
[SO0 m], Falanruw 1975 (US). 
"Cenchrus brownii Roemer & Schultes 
Weed in disturbed places, coconut groves and 
along trails. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31587 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Pagan: Marine camp, 4 m, Anderson 601 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, Fos- 
berg 31715 (US, BISH, Fo.) 
"Cenchrus echinatus L. 
Weed of disturbed, usually open places, as around 
villages. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2158 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, 3 m, Anderson 557 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L); village, Mome 396 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1954b (US); vicinity of Asongsong 
village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31715 (US). 
Centorheca Zappacea (L.) Desvaux 
Common under forest canopy, seen only on 
Ana t a han. 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7833 (Fo); northwest 
corner of island, 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 
1631 (US); southwest of village under 1000 ft [300 
m], Falanruw 1968 (US). 
'Chloris inflata Link 
Common in open areas, especially around villages 
and old human habitations, not seen on unin- 
habited islands. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2162 (US), 2192 (US). 
Pagan: Volcanic ash plain, 50 ft [15 m], Bonham 
33 (US, Fo); village, Moore 415 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falan- 
ruw 1772 (US); village, 10-50 m, Evans 2437 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner, below 200 ft [60 
m], Falanruw 1634 (US); northwest tip of island, 
0-10 m, Evans 2449 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retzius) Trinius 
Two colonies, only seen near upper edge of 
Anatahan: Southwest of village, under 1000 ft 
Common pioneer species on volcanic ash and 
cinders from low elevations to at least 450 m (on 
Asuncion); in old village sites. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 1500 ft [450 m], 
Falanruw 2296 (US). 
Pagan: Marine camp, 20 m, Anderson 516 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); volcanic ash plain, 50 ft [15 m], 
Bonham 30 (US, Fo); east of Fresh Water Lake, 
Fosberg 34412 (US); village, Moore 411 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 313. 
Guguan: West coast, 50 ft [15 m], Falanruw 1809 
(US). 
"Cynodon dactylon (L.) Persoon 
Common in open areas around human habita- 
tions; sod-forming. Widespread. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft 190 m], 
Falanruw 2163 (US), 2187 (US). 
Pagan: Marine camp, 20 m, Anderson 512 (US, 
BISH); isthmus, 10 m, Anderson 583 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L, P). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1961 (US). 
Sarigan: Village, 10-50 m, Evans 2438 (US, BJSH, 
Fo, NY). 
Medinilla: Swedberg ms. 1974. 
"Dactyloctenium aegypt ium (L.) Willdenow 
Occasional to common along paths and in open 
somewhat bare areas around human habitation. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31583 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 5.58 (US); volcanic ash 
soil, 50 ft [15 m], Bonham 28 (US, Fo); west side 
near Salt Lake, Fosberg 31351 (US); village, Moore 
413 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31710 (US, BISH, Fo); south southwest 
coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 m], Falanruw 1953 (US). 
"Digitaria ciliaris (Retzius) Koeler 
Occasional in open places, on roads and paths, 
also on open lava and ash. 
Agrigan: Trail along south side of island, 10-20 
m, Fosberg 31606 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31401 
(US, BISH, Fo); near Salt Water Lake, west side of 
island, Fosberg 31366 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 314. 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 315. 
*Digitaria ciliaris var. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
One plant seen on volcanic cinder sand at low 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falan- 
elevation, among pioneer vegetation. 
ruw 1801 (US). 
Digitaria gaudickaudii (Kunth) Henrard 
pears very hardy. 
ruw 1812 (US); 200-300 ft [60-90 m], 1851 (US). 
Digitaria mariannensis Merrill 
Occasional pioneer on volcanic cinder sand; ap- 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
Occasional on hot dry banks. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[120 m], Falanruw 2212 (US). 
Digitaria mezii Kanehira 
Sarigan: Mez in Diels, 1924, p. 25. 
Digitaria radicosa (Presl) Miquel (Digitaria 
timorensis (Kunth) Balansa) 
Common in coconut groves and open areas from 
low elevations to 500 m (on Asuncion). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [450 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2311 (US); 250 ft [75 m], 2269 (US). 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-1 5 m, Fosberg 
31711 (US, BISH, Fo); Anderson 415 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
1773 (US). 
Digitaria setigera Roth (Digitaria pruriens (Fisher 
ex Trinius) Biise) 
In open areas. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31713 (US, BISH, Fo); Fosberg 31712 
(US). 
Digitaria setigera var. (Digitaria pruriens var.) 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Evans 2451 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
*Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner 
Sarigan: Below village, 0-20 m, Evans 2431 (US, 
Anatahan: Northwest tip of island, 0-10 m 
Weed in villages and open areas. Cosmopolitan. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31431 (US); southwest 
coast, below 300 ft, Falanruw 2164 (US); below 200 
ft [SO m], 1649 (US); midwest coast, below 200 ft 
[GO m], Falanruw 2328 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Isthmus, 5 m, Anderson 560 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L); near Salt Lake, west side of island, 
Fosberg 31353 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31651 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Euans 2332 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest tip of island, Evans 2458 
(US, BISH); northwest corner of island, below 75 
m, Falanruw 1694 (US); 60 m, Falanruw 1649 (US). 
*Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauvois (Eragrostis 
amabilis Wight & Arnott) 
Common on open bare ground, along paths, and 
in villages. Widespread. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, Fos- 
berg 31572 (US); midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2335 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 556 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L); Salt Lake, west side of island, 2-50 m, 
Fosberg 31367 (US, BISH). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31644 (US, BISH). 
Sarigan; Near anchorage, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 1723 (US). 
Anatahan: Village area northwest corner of is- 
land, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1645 (US); 
northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Euans 2452 (US). 
Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauvois 
Common on bare ash slopes, from low elevations 
to 500 m (on Asuncion). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [450 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2302 (US), 2308 (US). 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 313. 
Pagan: West side of island, near Salt Lake, 
Fosberg 31355 (US, BISH); Talague beach, Moore 
335 (US); isthmus, 6 m, Anderson 561 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L); west side of Lake Laguna, Moore 353 
Alamagan: Near Asongsong village, Fosberg 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
Occasional on upper slopes of volcanoes. 
Asuncion: Upper southwestern slope, 500 m, Fa- 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7952 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 31 1. 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 311. 
(US) a 
(US). 
31745 (US). 
ruw 1814 (US); 200-300 ft [90 m], 1850 (US). 
Ischaemum longisetum Merrill 
lanruw 2298 (US); 2310 (US). 
Ischaemum sp. 
NUMBER 22 
13 
Sarigan: Behind village, 50-100 m, Euans 2365 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY) (sterile). 
Lepturus repens (Forster) R. Brown 
Small patch on top of bluff over ocean. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31584 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Villagomez JV-03 (US) (sterile, doubtful); 
Mt. Pagan, Moore 379 (US). 
Miscanthus floridulus (Labillardikre) Warburg ex 
Schumann & Lauterbach 
Common or abundant on all islands except 
Uracas, least so on Maug, Asuncion, and Guguan, 
which have been least subject to burning or graz- 
ing by goats. On the other islands it is the dominant 
vegetation on upper slopes, more locally so on the 
three mentioned. It is also occasionally found down 
to near sea level. On upper slopes it forms matted 
brakes to 3 m deep, with harsh cutting leaf mar- 
gins. It recovers readily from burning. Widespread 
in the high islands of the west and south Pacific. 
In Micronesia, found only in the Marianas chain 
and on Ponape, reaching its northern limit on 
Maug. 
Maug: Fritz, 1902, p. 104. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1000 ft [300 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2303 (US). 
Agrigan: Marche 294 (P, Fo); east side of island, 
Fosberg 31628 (US); midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 2334 (US). 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-X-13 (US), 
JV-2K (US); Hosokawa 7950 (Fo); isthmus, 10 m, 
Anderson 517 (US, BISH, NY, L); 150 ft [45 m], 
Bonham 4 (Fo); Kanehira 2198 (KY); east end of 
air strip, Moore 301 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31744 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast above anchorage, 0-75 
ft [0-20 m], Falanl-uw 1788 (US). 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7830 (US); northwestern 
corner of island, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1693 (US); sea level, 1663 (US). 
Oplismenus composittis (L.) Beauvois 
Common on ground in shade in semi-open for- 
ests. Not found on the most active volcanoes. A 
widespread IndePacific species. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 400 ft [I20 m], 
Falanruw 2313 (US). 
Agrigan: Marche 299 (P, Fo); trail around south 
side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31605 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, below 500 ft 
[I50 m], Falanruw 1936 (US) (sterile); vicinity of 
Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31735 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2390 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northern coast, below 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 1964 (US); northwest comer of island, 
200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1615 (US). 
Oplismenus undulatifolius var. imbecillis (Roemer 
& Schultes) Hackel 
Seen only growing abundantly in open area on 
slope above sea. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 0-75 ft [0-20 m], Fa- 
lanruw 1789 (US). 
"Panicurn ambiguum Trinius (Brachiaria 
paspaloides (Presl) Hubbard) 
Rare in 1950 on roadsides near landing. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Near landing, Fosberg 31639 (US, BISH, 
Fo) . 
"Panicurn distachyon L. 
Not seen by us. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 318. 
Panicum reptans L. 
Growing along open path in village area. 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2179 (US). 
"Paspalurn commersonii Lamarck (Paspalum 
scrobiculatum auct. non L.) 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 313. 
Pagan: Air strip, Moore 302 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 193513, p. 313. 
"Paspalurn conjugatum Bergius 
Occasional to common along paths and in semi- 
open areas, abundant in moist area near Fresh 
Water Lake on Pagan, not known from the islands 
less disturbed by human activily and from the less- 
wooded islands. 
Pantropical, originally from tropical America. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31394 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 750 ft [230 
20 m, Fosberg 31568 (US). 
(US). 
14 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
m], Falanruw 1922 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 
1719 (US); near village, 1-100 m, Evans 2335 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Paspalum distichum L. (Paspalum uaginatum 
Swartz) 
Forming mats in saline areas near beaches and 
margins of Salt Water Lake. 
Pan tropical. 
Pagan: West side of Lake Laguna, Moore ?57 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1469 
Anatahan: Falanruw 1987 (US). 
(US) * 
(US) * 
Paspalum orbiculare Forster 
A pioneer species on volcanic cinders and in soil 
pockets on lava, reaching 500 m elevation on Asun- 
cion, also around villages. 
A widely distributed weedy species, distinguished 
with difficulty from P. cartalagineum Presl. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [460 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2299 (US); 2307 (US). 
Pagan: Fosberg 31398 (US); isthmus, 5 m, Ander- 
son 559 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); village, Moore 412 
Guguan: West coast, 200-225 ft [60-65 m], Falan- 
(US). 
ruw 1852 (US). 
*Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher 
near Salt Lake in 1950. 
Forming dense tangled brakes locally along road 
From Africa. 
Pagan: Near Salt Lake, west side of island, 
Fosberg 31350 (US). 
"Saccharum oficinarum L. 
Not collected in the area since 1900. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: Fritz, 1902, p. 98; Lehne and Gabler, 
1972, p. 22, as "Zuckerrohr." 
"Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard 
Not seen by us. 
Pan tropical. 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 193513, p. 319. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 319. 
Growing in open area near dwelling. 
Pantropical. 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
(W) 
"Sporobolus diander,Beauvois 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1644 (US). 
"Sporobolus fertilis (Steudel) Clayton 
On west side of Salt Lake. 
Tropical Asia. 
Pagan: West side of Lake Laguna, Moore 354 
(US), 355 (US). 
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth 
Very abundant along beach on Pagan and on 
upper slopes of exposure of older lava on Uracas. 
A pantropical strand grass, surprisingly localized 
in Northern Marianas. 
Uracas: West side of south coast, below 400 ft 
[120 m], Falanruw 220? (US, BISH, Fo). 
Pagan: Trail to Pansantati, below 100 ft [30 m], 
Falanruw 1842 (US); back of beach, 3 m, Anderson 
611 (US). 
Stenotaphrum micranthum (Desvaux) Hubbard 
Rare in crevices in lava rock on hot dry lee slope. 
Widespread, but usually not abundant Indo- 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
Pacific species, known from Southern Marianas. 
[120 m], Falanruw 2218 (US). 
Thuarea involuta (Forster f.) R. Brown ex Roemer 
& Schultes 
Widespread Indo-Pacific strand species, surpris- 
ingly rare in the Northern Marianas, but elsewhere 
usually found on coral sand, which is not abundant 
here. 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 193513, p. 320. 
*Zea mays L. 
Does not ordinarily persist long uncultivated. 
American. 
Pagan: Corte, 1927, p. 330. 
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill var. matrella 
This species forms a dense, very low turf or mat 
locally in openings and especially on cliff tops, 
seashores and other exposed places. The relation- 
ship between the two varieties merits further study. 
The difference is chiefly in leaf width and degree 
of involution of the blades. In cultivation at least 
certain clones seem to maintain their character- 
istics. How much simple fluctuation in response to 
environmental severity is involved and how much 
ecotypic variation merit much further study. To 
be conclusive this should involve careful field ob- 
servation on islands where both varieties occur, as 
well as cultivation experiments with living ma- 
NUMBER 22 
15 
terial brought from the same islands but different 
habitats. 
Eastern Asiatic and Micronesian. 
Uracas: Seen by Falanruw from a distance form- 
ing mats on exposures of older lava, but variety 
not determined. 
Maug: Northern end of East Island, below 400 
ft [120 m], Falanruw 2215 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 50 ft [I5 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2285 (US). 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2155 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa 7919 (US); south south- 
west coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 m], Falanruw 1954 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 0-75 ft [O-20 m], Fa- 
Zanruw 1774 (US). 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1935b, p. 314. 
Zoysia matrella var. tenuifolia (Willdenow ex 
Thiele) Sasaki (Zoysia tenuifolia Willdenow ex 
Thiele) 
Generally from more severe habitats, exposed 
cliff-tops and other saline places. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 750 ft [230 m], Falan- 
ruw 2287 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31581 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Pagan: Near Salt Lake, Fosberg 31345 (US, 
BISH, Fo); near landing, 3 m, Anderson 514 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, 15 m, Fosberg 
31709 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Sarigan: Seashore, 0-20 m, Evans 2430 (US, 
BlSH, Fo, NY, L). 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7857 (Fo); north coast, 
below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1963 (US). 
CY PERACEAE 
* Cyperus brevifolius (Rottboell) Hasskarl 
Found in disturbed, usually open places, un- 
doubtedly carried accidentally by man; present 
distribution pantropical, but origin now obscure. 
Strangely rare in Northern Marianas. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2179 (US). 
*Cyperus compressus L. 
places. 
A weed of villages and other disturbed open 
Pantropical and warm-temperate. 
Pagan: 50 ft [15 m], Anderson 34 (US, Fo); isth- 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, village area, 
Anatahan: Northwest coast village area, below 
mus, Anderson 553 (US). 
0-200 ft [O-60 m], Falanruw 1959 (US). 
200 ft [60 m], Fulanruw 1636 (US). 
Cyperus cyperinus (Retzius) Suringar 
A weedy tufted sedge growing in semi-open and 
open areas from low elevations to 500 m (on Asun- 
cion), on cinder banks and slopes on Agrigan and 
Guguan. Widespread in warm-temperate and sub- 
tropical zones, origin obscure. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [460 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2300 (US). 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
2326 (US); trail around south side of island, 10-20 
m, Fosberg 31571 (US). 
Pagan: Air strip, Moore 303 (US); isthmus, 6 m, 
Anderson 532 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L, P), 554 (US); 
Bonham 6 (US, BISH). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [I40 m], 
Falanruw 1900 (US). 
Guguan: 350 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1837 (US); 
200-300 ft [60-90 m], 1830 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 0-75 ft [O-20 m], Fa- 
lanruw 1796 (US); north of village 50-175 m, Evans 
2420 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Koyama, 1964, p. 97. 
Cyperus digitatus Roxburgh 
In tall grass and under semi-open forest canopy. 
Pan tropical. 
Anatahan: West end of north coast, below 250 
ft [75 m], FaZanruw 1962 (US); northwest corner of 
island, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1600 (US). 
Cyperus javanicus Houttuyn 
A coarse tufted sedge, abundant and widespread 
in many habitats on all islands visited; from vol- 
canic cinder sands on Guguan to soil pockets on 
recent lava on Pagan and rich volcanic soil on 
Anatahan, one of the most abundant plants on 
Uracas, holding the soil and providing anchorage 
and materials for booby nests on the loose pyro- 
clastic slopes. 
A widespread and common Indo-Pacific species 
usually from saline habitats, generally rather close 
to the sea. Its behavior in the Northern Marianas 
is unusual, in that it seems not at all confined to 
saline places, and reaches high elevations. A pos- 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
sible explanation is that the small flora in these 
islands provides only reduced competition, per- 
mitting the species to show its real tolerance for a 
much wider range of conditions than is possible in 
most of its geographic range. 
Uracas: South coast, below 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruiu 2207 (US), 2206 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[I20 m], Falanruw 2231 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
rztw 2262 (US). 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2169 (US); Marche 296 (P, Fo); Fosberg 
31575 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Pagan: Anderson 554 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Cal- 
dera Wall, Moore 330 (US); Fresh Water Lake, 
Fosberg 31397 (US); Laguna village, Villagomez 
Alamagan: Near Partido village, Fosberg 31 641 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY); south southwest coast, 450 
ft [I40 m], Falanruw 1901 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
ruw 1816 (US), 1807 (US). 
Sarigan: Above anchorage northwest coast, 0-75 
ft [O-20 m], Falanruw 1793 (US); near village, 10- 
100 m, Evans 2357 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 150 
ft [45 m], Falanruw 1656 (US); northwest tip of 
island, Evans 2457 (US, BISH). 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974, as ?Cyperus spp.? 
(probably this species). 
?Cyperus kyllingia Endlicher 
Found in semishaded and moist open, usually 
disturbed areas, often about villages. 
A common pantropical species. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 30 ft [lo m] Falanruw 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [I40 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 250 
JV-X-8 (US). 
2315 (US). 
m], Falanruw 1902 (US). 
ft [75 m], Fulanruw 1691 (US), 1994 (US). 
Cyperus odoratus L. 
in moist or wet places. 
A pantropical and warm-temperate species found 
Anatahan: Koyama, 1964, p. 100. 
Cyperus polystachyos Rottboell 
places. 
A pantropical weed, found in open usually moist 
Agrigan: Hosokawa 8004 (Fo). 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31387 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY); Caldera Wall, Moore 331 (US). 
Fimbristylis boninensis Hayata (Fimbristylis 
urakasiana Kukenthal) 
A pioneer species, scattered in harsh environ- 
ments, on crater rims in Pagan, barren cinder 
sands on Guguan, to 500 m on Asuncion; the only 
species on expanses of pyroclastic slopes on Uracas. 
Endemic to the Bonins and Northern Marianas. 
Uracas: West side of south coast, below 400 ft 
[I20 m], Falanruw 2208 (US, BISH, Fo), Falanruw 
2204 (US), Falanruw 2205 (US). 
Maug: Northern end of East Island, below 400 
ft [I20 m], Falanrziw 2214 (US, BISH), Falanruw 
2213 (US, BISH), Falanruw 2216 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [460 m], Fa- 
lunruw 2301 (US). 
Pagan: Trail to Pansantati, below 100 ft [30 m], 
Falanruw 1863 (US); Fosberg 31415 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
ruw 1804 (US). 
Anatahan: Koyama, 1964, p. 88. 
Fimbristylis cynzosa R. Brown 
A small densely tufted sclerophyllous sedge, 
growing in pioneer habitats often of extreme sever- 
ity, but also, where competition is not too severe, 
in more mesic places, where it reaches a much 
greater stature. Found on all islands visited except 
Uracas. Survives on cliffs and very steep slopes. 
Pantropical, extremely variable, no attempt 
made here to separate varieties. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[I20 m], Falanruw 2230 (US, BISH), Falanruw 2222 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 20 ft [6 m], Falan- 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 20 ft [6 m], Falanruw 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 363 (US); 900 ft [275 
m], Moore 369 (US); Talague beach, Villagomez 
JV-10-11 (US); Talague beach, Moore 344 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1952 (US); vicinity of Asongsong, 
village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31703 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanrw 1817 
(US); below 50 ft [I5 m], 1803 (US), Falanruw 1806 
(US), Falanruw 1810 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, above anchorage, 0- 
(US). 
ruw 2278 (US, BISH, Fo). 
2321 (US). 
NUMBER 22 
17 
75 ft [O-20 m], Falanruw 1792 (US); shore, 0-20 m, 
Evans 2404 (US, BISH). 
Anatahan: Kanehira 2150 (P, NY, FU); beach 
area, sea level, Falanruw 1661 (US). 
Fimbristylis dichotoma ssp. podocarpa (Nees & 
Meyen) T. Koyama 
Widespread weedy species, apparently uncom- 
mon in this area. 
Agrigan: Koyama, 1964, p. 87. 
Pagan: Anderson 564 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Koyama, 1964, p. 87. 
Sarigan: Kanehira 2166 (KY). 
Anatahan: Koyama, 1964, p. 87. 
Schoenus philippinensis (Palla) Kiikenthal ex 
Merrill 
Rare in our area. 
Alamagan: Koyama, 1964, p. 105; Hosokawa, 
1935a, p. 263. 
Scleria lithosperma (L.) Swartz 
in semi-open places. 
Occasional large patches in forest and in thickets 
Pantropical. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 150 ft [45 m], 
Agrigan: Koyama, 1964, p. 71. 
Pagan: Anderson 584 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31670 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2368 (US, 
Fa 1 anru w 2261 (US). 
(US) * 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
PALMAE 
"Areca catechu L. 
Small palm growing in jungle and cultivated in 
semi-open area on Anatahan, where common 
enough that nuts are exported to Saipan. Culti- 
vated trees are usually robust and short, with 
inflorescences within easy reach. 
Indo-Pacific economic species. 
Agrigan: Seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 750 ft [230 m], 
Falanruw 1921 (US), 1921 b (US). 
Anatahan: Beach area, Falanruw 1989 (US); west 
coast, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1705 (US); 
northern coast, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1695 
*Cocas nucifera L. 
(US). 
Generally extensively planted coconut groves are 
present on all inhabited islands, plus Maug, with 
copra exported at least from Anatahan. One stunted 
yellowing tree seen on Guguan. Coconuts were 
planted by Fritz in 1900 on Medinilla and Uracas 
but did not persist. 
Pantropical economic species. 
Uracas: Planted by Fritz in 1900 (Fritz, 1902, 
Maug: Fritz, 1902, p. 114. 
Asuncion: Seen by Falanruw, 1972, not collected. 
100 stunted trees reported by La Pkrouse (1797, 
II:309) as growing on the lava in 1786. 
Agrigan: Corte, 1927, p. 345; Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
Pagan: Bonham 25 (US, BISH); fossil, Corwin 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, sea level, Fa- 
lanruw 1993 (US). 
Guguan: 320 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1841 (US). 
Coconuts planted by Fritz in 1900 (Fritz, 1902, p. 
p. 116), not seen in 1972. 
P6-79-6 (USNM). 
101). 
Sarigan: Corte, 1927, p. 328. 
Anatahan: Village area, below 250 ft [75 m], Fa- 
Medinilla: Fritz, 1902, p. 97. 
lanruw 1697 (US). 
ARACEAE 
"Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott 
Found in shaded moist areas, gorge bottom 
(Agrigan), and around lake (Pagan); undoubtedly 
spread by man. Fossil occurrence on Pagan (Fos- 
berg and Corwin, 1958, p. 10) regarded as evidence 
of presence of man in the Northern Marianas prior 
to the major eruption that formed the caldera on 
Pagan. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 
2331 (US); trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31618 (US). 
Pagan: Fossil, Corwin PC43-2A, PC433a, 
PC-43-5 (USNM); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fos- 
berg 31375 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 650-1000 ft 
[ZOO-300 m], Falanruw 1932 (US). 
Sarigan: North of village, 50-175 m, Evans 2424 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott 
less brought by man. 
Planted and persisting in marshy places, doubt- 
Pantropic food plant. 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31376 
Alamagan: Anderson 413 (US). 
Anatahan?: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 22, 
(US). 
?taro.? 
*Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott 
Commonly planted in shaded and semishaded 
areas, especially under coconut trees. 
Food plant of American origin. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Pagan: North of marine camp, Anderson 605 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31 694 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
Anatahan: West coast, below 200 ft [60 m], 
20 m, Fosberg 31576 (US). 
(US). 
(US). 
1738 (US). 
Falanruw 1699 (US). 
FLAGELLARIACEAE 
Flagellaria indica L. 
Extensive tough liana, climbing in trees by means 
of curling leaf-tips, occasional in thickets and woods 
in canyon bottoms. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31635 (US); 
midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 2318 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2396 
(US, BISH). 
BROMELIACEAE 
*Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill 
Common in cultivation and semiwild on Pagan. 
Food plant of American origin. 
Agrigan: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 36. 
Pagan: 150-300 ft [45-90 m], Bonham 24 (US, 
BISH); north of marine camp, Anderson 604 (US, 
BISH); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31374 
(US). 
Alamagan: Fritz, 1902, p. 104. 
COMMELINACEAE 
*Commelina benghalensis L. 
around villages. 
Common weed in open places and plantations 
Probably of Asiatic origin. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2397 
ni, Fosberg 31723 (US). 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
LILIACEAE, sensu latissimo 
(incl. ACAVACEAE and AMARYLLIDACEAE) 
*Agave americana L.? 
Persisting from planting. 
Ornamental of American origin. 
Pagan: Fosberg, 1958, p. 19. 
Persisting from planting. 
Fiber plant of American origin. 
Pagan: Villagomez JV-X-9 (US). 
?Agave rigida var. sisalana (Perrine) Engelmann 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 555 (US). 
Crinum asiaticum L.? 
Abundant, growing spontaneously on cliffs and 
lower seaward slopes; also planted around graves. 
Asiatic, widely planted as an ornamental, possi- 
bly native in Northern Marianas. 
Maug: Leeward slope of central East Island, 30 
ft [lo m], Falanruw 2239 (US). 
Asuncion: Seen but not collected, Falanruw in 
1972. 
Alamagan: Seen but not collected, Falanruw in 
?Agave rigida Miller 
1972. 
[75 m], Falanruw 1696 (US). 
Crinum macrantherum Engler 
Not seen by us. 
New Guinea to Micronesia. 
Anatahan: North northwest coast, below 250 ft 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 266 (doubtful rec- 
ord). 
Curculigo orchioides Gaertner 
Usually found in grasslands, not seen by us. 
I ndo-Paci fic. 
Pagan: Kanehira, 1935a, p. 289. 
Dianella ensifolia L. 
Common in Southern Marianas in grassland on 
volcanic soil, not yet known living from Northern 
Marianas. 
Pagan: Fossil, Corwin PC-85-1, PC-85-2, Ter- 
mon dr Corwin ZD2-(F)-3, ZD-P(F)lf (USNM). 
NUMBER 22 
19 
(See Fosberg and Corwin, 1958, p. 10). 
?Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacquin) Salisbury 
ing. 
Planted as an ornamental and sometimes persist- 
Tropical American strand species. 
Pagan: Isthmus, 3 m, Anderson 592 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L); sea level, Bonham 22 (US, BISH); vil- 
lage, Moore 397 ? (US). 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974 as ?Pancratium 
1 it t orale.? 
TACCACEAE 
* Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) 0. Kuntze 
Persisting from early introduction by Microne- 
sians. Growing in open rich volcanic soil. 
Indo-Pacific food plant. 
Pagan: 6 m, Anderson 529 (US, BISH). 
Sarigan: Vicinity of anchorage, 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 1766 (US), 1765 (US). 
DIOSCOREACEAE 
?Dioscorea alata L. 
Planted and persisting in moist wooded area. 
Pantropical food plant. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 
m], Falanruw 1906 ? (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2388 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Dioscorea esculenta var. spinosa (Roxburgh) Prain 
& Burkill 
Probably spontaneous, not seen by us. 
Old World tropics. 
Agrigan: Corte, 1927, p. 344. 
Pagan: ?lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 33, as ?Wilde 
yams.? 
#Dioscorea nummularia Lamarck 
Not seen by us. 
Pagan: Corte, 1927, p. 330. 
MUSACEAE 
?Musa sapientum L. 
Wild, seedy, small-fruited bananas are common 
in upper ravines of Anatahan (1974), with many 
seedlings (1715, 1965). Cultivated plants at lower 
elevations (1714) had larger fruits with very few 
seeds. 
Asuncion: Seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
Agrigan: Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
Pagan, Fritz, 1902, p. 104. 
Alamagan: Fritz, 1902, p. 102. 
Anatahan: East side of village, under 1000 ft 
[300 m], Falanruw 1974 (US); western coast, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanrziw 1714 (US): north of village, 
400 ft [120 m], Falanruw 1965 (US) seedling; west- 
ern coast, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1715 (US) 
seedling. 
?Mum textilis Nees 
Occasional groups of plants with small seedy 
fruits on ravine banks. Fiber is used to make lava- 
lavas by the inhabitants who are of Carolinian 
origin. This species may have been introduced by 
them for this purpose. 
Originally from Philippines. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, Falanruw 2342 (US). 
ZINCIBERACEAE 
Curcuma australasica Hooker f.? 
Growing about graveyard and near house. 
Probably native to Micronesia or of very early 
introduction. 
Anatahan: Northwestern corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1713 (US); below 200 ft 
[60 m], 1642 (US) (both collections sterile). 
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe 
areas. 
Occasional, growing along trails in moist forested 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: Northern coast, below 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1712 (US); south east of village, under 
1000 ft [300 m], Falanruru 1973 (US). 
MARANTACEAE 
?Maranta arundinacea L. 
In secondary forest in ravine. 
Alamagan: Anderson 429 (US). 
ORCHIDACEAE 
Calanthe furcata Bateman? 
slopes from 30 to 150 m. 
Terrestrial, frequent in sparse forest on lower 
Indo-Pacific. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 400 ft [ 120 m], Falan- 
ruw 2312 (US); 250 ft [75 m], 2277 (US). 
20 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Eulophia macrostachya Lindley 
Not seen by us. Said to be usually terrestrial. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1942, p. 9. 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1942, p. 9. 
Terrestrial; in moist ravine bottoms and forest 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: Falanruw 1914, Falanruw 1966, Fa- 
Alamagan: Falanruw 1928. 
Spathoglottis sp. 
Rare, found living only once; reported fossil 
from Pagan as S. micronesiaca Schlechter in Fos- 
berg and Corwin (1958, p. 10) but not at all 
certain that it is that species. 
Neruilia aragoana Gaudichaud 
floors. 
lanruw 1967. 
Pagan: Fossil, Corwin lD2(F)7 (USNM). 
Alamagan: 200 m, Anderson 404 (US) (Sterile). 
Epiphytic. 
Endemic in Marianas. 
Alamagan: Above Partido Village, Fosberg 31 677 
Sarigan: Falanruw 1756; above village, 150-250 
Taeniophyllum mariannense Schlechter 
(US) * 
m, Evans 2400 (US). 
CASUARINACEAE 
Casuarina equisetifolia L. 
Becomes established on open mineral substrata; 
lava, scoria and ash, also in grassland, forms forests 
in a few years, quite susceptible to fire, rather uni- 
form stands of various ages on relatively recent 
volcanic areas, notably on Pagan. Large groves on 
east end of north coast of Anatahan and on east 
coast of Agrigan. In all likelihood native in the 
Northern Marianas, but this is by no means estab- 
lished. A more thorough search in consolidated 
volcanic ash deposits on all the islands might throw 
light on this question. No Casuarina was found in 
the small fossil plant collection made on Pagan 
(Fosberg and Corwin, 1958). 
Uracas: Planted by Fritz in 1900 (Fritz, 1902, 
p. 116). 
Maug: Small group seen on top of East Island 
by Falanruw in 1972. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31578 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7949 (US, Fo); Mt. Pagan, 
Moore 371 (US); Bonham 20 (US, Fo); Kondo in 
1949 (BISH); isthmus near pier west side of island, 
Anderson 580 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Mt. Charlen, 
east of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31411 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); Laguna, Villagomez JV-02 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31646 (US). 
Guguan: Planted by Fritz in 1900, Fritz, 1902, 
Anatahan: Beach area, Falanruw 1660 (US); 
northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Euans 2447 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
p. 101. 
Medinilla: Fritz, 1902, p. 97. 
PIPERACEAE 
Peperomia mariannensis C. de Candolle 
f. mariannensis 
In semishaded rock crevices, on vertical scoria 
cliffs and wooded banks. 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Agrigan: Canyon east side of island, Fosberg 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7987 (A). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa 7908 (A); south southwest 
coast, 1025 ft [310 m], Falanruw 1923 (US); Partido 
village, Fosberg 31678 (US, BISH, Fo, DPU); An- 
derson 408 (US, BISH, NY, DPU, L); Fosberg 31674 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY, DPU); Hosokawa 7908 (BISH). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 700 ft [215 m], Falan- 
ruw 1797 (US); 325 ft [I00 m], Falanruw 1746 (US); 
forest above village, 250-300 m, Euans 2381 (US). 
"Piper betle L. 
Climbing on trees in forest at higher elevations, 
probably of aboriginal introduction. 
Indo-Pacific, mostly associated with man, as the 
leaves are used in betel-chewing. 
Agrigan: Nosokawa 8009 (A); seen but not col- 
lected by Falanruw in 1972. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [I50 m], 
Falanruw 1914 (US); 650-1000 ft [ZOO-300 m], 1929 
(US); Anderson 418 (US); around Partido village, 
Fosberg 31667 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 350-375 m, Evans 2371 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Piper guahamense C. de Candolle 
31621 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, DPU). 
NUMBER 22 21 
Found in gorge bottom. 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Agrigan: Hosokawa 8011 (BISH); canyon on east 
side of island, Fosberg 31620 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, 
DPU). 
ULMACEAE 
Trema orientalis var. argentea (Planchon) 
Lauterbach 
Generally distributed small to medium-sized tree 
in forests, thickets, semi-open ravines and even 
scattered in Miscanthus grassland on open slopes. 
India to Japan, Bonins and Marianas, in its 
extreme form in the Bonins and Marianas, inter- 
grading with other varieties in Asia. 
Maug: Seen but not collected by Falanruw in 
1972. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2252 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31602 (US). 
Pagan: Air strip, Moore 304 (US); Fresh Water 
Lake, Fosberg 31371 (US); Anderson 530 (US); 150 
ft [45 m], Bonham 12 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest corner of island, 
bebw 500 ft [150 m], Falanruw 1940 (US); around 
Partido village, Fosberg 31669 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw I818 
(US); 200-300 ft [60-90 m], 1843 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruw 1758 (US); above village, 250-300 m, Evans 
2386 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L, P); 10-100 m, Evans 
2352 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L, TI). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 350 ft 
[110 m], Falanruw 1625. 
Trema orientalis var. viridis Lauterbach 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, near airstrip, Moore 332 
(US). 
MORACEAE 
?Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg 
Found about villages and in forests in canyons. 
Putative hybrids with A. mariannensis seen by 
Falanruw on all inhabited islands from Agrigan 
southward. Artocarpus altilis, being sterile, must 
have been planted by people. The hybrid may have 
originated locally or may have been carried from 
island to island by fruit{ bats. Artocarpus altilis is 
pantropical in cultivation, possibly of New Guinea 
origin. 
Asuncion: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 39, as 
?Brotfruchtbaume,? 
Agrigan: Canyon on east side of island, Fosberg 
31634 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 579 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L, Ca); 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 26 (US, Fo). 
Sarigan: Village, 10-50 m, Evans 2439 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [I50 
m], Falanruw 1935 (US). 
Artocarpus altilis X mariannensis 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1630 (US). 
Artocarpus mariannensis Trecul 
In wooded canyon, probably found on most is- 
lands from Agrigan south, but no specimens avail- 
able. 
Found wild on Marianas and Palau, planted else- 
where. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 15 m, 
Fosberg 31736 (US). 
?Ficus benghalensis L. 
Doubtless planted. 
South Asian. 
Pagan: Moore 347 (US). 
Small, stunted trees on volcanic cinder sand crest. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Guguan: West coast, 200-225 ft [60-70 m], Falan- 
ruw 1822 (US). 
Ficus prolixa Forster f. 
Both varieties of this are found together on some 
islands, possibly on all of the wooded islands, in 
woods and in open. Field studies are in order to 
ascertain whether these varieties are really distinct, 
or only phenotypes sorted out from a variable 
population. 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
Ficus microcarpa var. Zatifolia (Miquel) Corner 
Pacific; varieties Micronesian. 
Pagan: Corner, 1965, p. 10. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
Agrigan: Marche 291 (P, Fo). 
Pagan: 150 ft [45 m], Bonham I7 (Fo). 
Ficus prolixa var. carolinensis (Warburg) Fosberg 
TUW 2255 (US). 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Alamagan: Near Asongsong village, Fosberg 
31738 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, CA), Fosberg 31737 (US, 
BISH, Fo, CA); near Partido village, Fosberg 
31684 (US, BISH, CA). 
Guguan: 320 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1836 (US); 
200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1828 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1729 (US); near village 10-100 m, Evans 2351 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Medinilla: ?Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 20, as 
?Nunok.? 
Ficus prolixa var. subcordata Corner 
Pagan: Anderson 508 (US, BISH, CA); near 
crater lake [=Freshwater Lake], 25 m, Anderson 
521 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, CA). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1877 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 425 ft [130 m], Falan- 
ruw 1755 (US); 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1734 (US). 
Ficus safordii Merrill 
Pagan: South of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 
31392 (US, BISH, CA). 
Ficus tinctoria Forster f. 
Small tree in open and semi-open areas, climbing 
in forest and on rocks. Plants with acuminate leaves 
called var. neo-ebudarum. This distinction should 
be studied in the field to see if it holds up. 
Pacific. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[120 m], Falanruw 2211 (US). 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
2320 (US); trail around south side of island, 10-20 
m, Fosberg 31612 (US). 
Pagan: Talague beacl., Moore 343 (US); Caldera 
Wall, Moore 316 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
m, Fosberg 31733 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2355 (US? 
BJSH, Fo, NY); Evans 2339 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: West coast, 200 m, Fulanruw 1701 
(US); northwest corner of island, 200-300 ft [60- 
90 m], Falanruw 1629 (US), 1603 (US). 
Ficus tinctoria var. neo-ebudarum (Summerhayes) 
Fosberg 
Agrigan: Hosokawa 7997 (A); trail around north 
side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31612 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L). 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7962 (Fo); Bonham 14 (US, 
BISH); Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31384 (US, 
BISH, Fo); isthmus, Anderson 537 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa 7920 (Fo); around Partido 
village, Fosberg 31656 (US, BISH); near Asongsong 
village, 3-5 m, Fosberg 3173? (US, BISH). 
URTICACEAE 
Boehmeria celebica Blume 
one of the 2 following species. 
Boehmeria densiflora Hooker & Arnott 
and stunted specimens in caldera of Pagan. 
Not seen by us. Possibly should be referred to 
Alamagan: Kanehira, 1935a, pp. 308-309. 
Occasional bushes in upper forest of Alamagan 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Inside Mt. Pagan, Villagomez in 1970 
(US), JV4K (US); Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], 
Moore 367 (US), Moore 382 (US), Moore 393 (US); 
summit of Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-X-14 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 
m], Falanruw 1908 (US). 
Boehmeria virgula (Forster f.) Guillemin 
Frequent small tree in semishaded moist ravine. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31619 (US). 
Alamagan: Anderson 425 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1605 (US). 
Pipturtis argenteus (Forster f.) Weddell 
Occasional in open and semi-open areas, com- 
mon, tending to be dominant understory shrub 
or small tree in forest and thickets. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[120 m], Falanruw 2227 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2253 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail along south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31586 (US); midwest coast, 200 ft 
[60 m], Falanruw 2324 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 534 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY); on plain, 150 ft [45 m], Bonhum 31 (US, 
BISH); Mt. Pagan, 200 ft [60 m], Moore 386 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31666 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); south southwest coast, 
650-1000 ft [200-300 m], Falanruw 1930 (US). 
NUMBER 22 
23 
Guguan: West coast, 225 ft [70 m], Falanruw 
1821 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2393 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 1655 (US); western coast, 
below 200 m, Falanruw 1700 (US), 1703 (US); south 
of northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2448 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
BALANOPHORACEAE 
Balanophora fungosa var. mariannae (Hosokawa) 
Hosokawa 
A fleshy parasite on roots of other plants. Not 
seen by us but this may be because its flowering 
is seasonal and it is subterranean during the vegeta- 
tive stage. 
Species Indo-Pacific; variety endemic in Mari- 
anas. 
Alamagan?: Hosokawa, 1937, p. 202. 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1937, p. 202. 
POLYGONACEAE 
"Antigonon leptopus Wight & Arnott 
a climber. 
Planted and occasionally established in thickets; 
American. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2154 (US). 
B ATIDACEAE 
"Batis spp." 
record!] 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974 [entirely unlikely 
AMARANTHACEAE 
'Achyranthes aspera L. 
Established along trails and in disturbed places. 
Pantropical, probably of southeast Asiatic origin. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Pagan: Talague beach, Moore 338 (US). 
Not seen by us. 
Southeast Asian. 
Sarigan: Kanehira 2169 (FU). 
20 m, Fosberg 31596 (US). 
Achyrant hes b iden tutu Blume 
Achyranthes canescens R. Brown 
In forest and on dry open slopes. 
Australian-Pacific when taken in a broad sense. 
Maug: Northern end of East Island, below 40 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 250 ft [75 m], 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
ft [12 m], Falanruw 2210 (US). 
Falanruw 2272 (US). 
20 m, Fosberg 31600 (US). 
"Amaranthus dubius Martius ex Thellung 
Weed around village. 
Pantropical. 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31690 (US). 
*Amaranthus spinosus L. 
Weed in disturbed and open places. 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31432 (US). 
Pagan: Near Salt Lake, west side of island, 2-50 
Anatahan: Kanehira 2147 (K). 
Common weed in open and semi-open areas. 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2160 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1947 (US); around Partido village, 
Fosberg 31653 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1732 (US); below 25 ft [lo m], Falanruw 1786 (US); 
near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2358 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY); near anchorage, 325 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1745 
*Celosia argentea L. 
vation. 
m, Fosberg 31363 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Amaranthus viridis L. 
(US). 
Planted around dwellings. Widespread in culti- 
Agrigan: Around village, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31562 
(US)* 
Deeringia amaranthoides (Lamarck) Merrill 
great lava boulders. 
Rare, climbing over other vegetation on bluff of 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31598 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
"Gomphrena globosa L. 
Planted ornamental around dwellings. 
24 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIOXS TO BOTANY 
Widely cultivated, probably of tropical Ameri- 
Agrigan: Around village, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31561 
Sarigan: Village, 10-50 m, Evans 2436 (US, BISH, 
can origin. 
(US). 
Fo, NY). 
NYCTAGINACEAE 
?Boerhavia diffusa L. 
Weed of disturbed open places. 
South Asian. 
Sarigan: North of village, 50-175 m, Evans 2421 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Boerhavia repens L. 
Common on ledges and in rock crevices. Prob- 
ably also on other islands. 
Indo-Pacific and African. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[I20 m], Falanruw 2219 (US). 
Boerhavia sp. 
bluffs, closely related to last species. 
[120 m], Falanruw 2225 (US). 
lanruw 1777 (US). 
identical with Maug and Sarigan plants]. 
Pisonia grandis R. Brown 
very soft. 
Creeper, fairly frequent on coastal slopes and 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 0-75 ft [O-20 m], Fa- 
Medinilla: Swedberg MS 1974 [not necessarily 
Common small to medium trees in thickets, wood 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: South central East Island, 500 ft [150 m], 
Falanruw 2238 (US), Falanruw 2237 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, below 25 ft [lo m], 
Falanruw 1787 (US); 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1735 
(US), Falanruw 1725 (US); south of anchorage on 
northwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1782 (US); 
north of village, 175-250 m, Evans 2411 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
AIZOACEAE 
Sesuuium portulacastrum L. 
Prostrate very fleshy halophyte forming mats in 
strand locations. On Maug seen only around aban- 
doned Japanese installation. 
Pan tropical. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
Pagan: East coast, south of Togari Peninsula, 
[120 m], Falanruw 2228 (US). 
Moore 419 (US); isthmus, Anderson 548 (US). 
PORTULACACEAE 
Portulaca australis Endlicher (?Portulaca samoensis 
von Poellnitz) 
Small fleshy plant with tuberous root, growing 
ii1 open coastal areas. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
[120 m], Falanruw 2223 (US), Falanruw 2229 (US). 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2167 (US); trail around south side of 
island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31609 (US). 
Sarigan: Seashore below village, 0-20 m, Evans 
2432 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1662 
(US); northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Euans 2463 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
?Portulaca grandifiora Hooker 
Cultivated. A widespread ornamental species. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2150 (US). 
Portulaca lutea Solander ex Forster f. 
Very fleshy herb, found only on Uracas and 
Maug, on rocks, most luxuriant where shaded, 
smaller, less fleshy, purple-tinged where more ex- 
posed. The species is usually associated with sea- 
bird colonies and may be dispersed as seeds cling- 
ing to birds feet or feathers. 
Micronesian and Polynesian, with a variety in 
the Galapagos. 
Uracas: South coast, below 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruw 2200 (US). 
Maug: North end of East Island, sea level, 
Falanruw 2232 (US). 
Portulaca oleracea L. 
Common, fleshy weed in gardens and disturbed 
places, and especially in open coastal situations, 
often with P. australis. 
Pantropical and warm-temperate in many va- 
rieties, difficult to tell if indigenous or introduced 
in a particular area. 
Maug: South central East Island, 15 ft [5 m], 
Falanruw 2244 (US). 
NUMBER 22 
25 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
fc [90 m], Falanruw 2166 (US); trail around south 
side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg ?1582 (US). 
Pagan: East coast, south of Togari Peninsula, 
Moore 422? (US); isthmus, Anderson 570 (US); near 
Salt Lake, west side of island, Fosberg 31?65 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg ?1642 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 0-75 ft [O-20 m], Fa- 
lanruw 1795 (US); near anchorage, sea level, Falan- 
ruw 1990 (US); near dock, 0-20 m, Evans 2405 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 25 ft [lo 
m], Falanruw 1672 (US). 
"Portulaca suflrutescens Engelman 
Frequent in cultivated land but only in one 
place; obviously a recent introduction, but puzzling 
as it is not known elsewhere in the Pacific. 
Mexican and southwest U.S., from desert and 
semi-arid areas. 
Sarigan: In village, 10-50 m, Evans 2435 (US, UH, 
Fo, MO, K). 
"Portulaca spp." 
(US). 
Medinilla: Swedberg MS 1974. 
ANNONACEAE 
"Annonu muricata L. 
Semicultivated near village. 
Widespread tropical cultivated species. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2171 (US). 
"Annonu reticulata L. 
Rare, in coconut plantation near village. 
Pantropical cultivated species. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
m, Fosberg ?17?4 (US). 
"Annonu squamosa L. 
Several trees near village. 
Pantropical cultivated species. 
Alamagan: South southwestern coast, 250 ft [75 
m], Falanruw 1873 (US). 
Guamia mariannae (Safford) Merrill 
Small tree in native forest on lava. 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Pagan: Kanehira 2199 (FU, US); East of village, 
Moore 410 (US); road to Inae Dikiki or Togari 
rock area, below 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 1855 (US); 
Anderson 507 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg ?1662 
(US) * 
LAURACEAE 
Cassytha filiformis L. 
String-like parasitic vine climbing and forming 
yellowish tangles over other plants, on open cinders 
on Guguan, found as high as 350 m on Asuncion. 
Pantropical. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 1100 ft [335 m], 
Pagan: East of village, Moore 410 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31685 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falan- 
Falanruw 2295 (US). 
(US, BISH, Fo). 
ruw 1805 (US). 
HERNANDIACEAE 
Hernandia sonora L. 
Infrequent medium-sized tree in ravine. 
Pantropical. 
Maug: Fritz, 1902, p. 114. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
2323 (US); canyon on east side of island, Fosberg 
31637 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1628 (US). 
CAPPARIDACEAE 
Capparis cordifolia Lamarck 
Abundant in patches in rocky open coastal areas. 
Maug: North end of East Island, below 400 ft 
Pagan: East side of isthmus, Anderson 547 (US, 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1667 
[120 m], Falanruw 2226 (US). 
BISH, Fo); east coast, Moore 421 (US). 
ruw 17?1 (US). 
(US). 
"Cleome viscosa L. 
tropical weed. 
60 m], Falanruw 1948 (US). 
Occasional herb on rocky beach. Widespread 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
26 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
LECUMINOSAE 
*Abrus precatorlus L. 
shrubs in forest and in open areas. 
Common vine, tangled in and over trees and 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, Fos- 
berg 31616 (US); southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 
m], Falanruw 2168 (US); midwest coast, 150 ft [45 
m], Falanruw 2340 (US). 
Pagan: Marche 152 (P); Road to Talague beach, 
Moore 336 (US); Fresh Water Lake, in forest, Fos- 
berg 31389 (US): 100 m east of Japanese airfield, 
center of isthmus, 18 m, Anderson 574 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31 695 
(US); south southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1872 (US); Songsong [Asongsong village], 100 ft 
[30 m], Kondo in 1949 (BISH). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1608 (US). 
*Acacia confusa Merrill 
In village area, planted by Japanese. 
Native of Taiwan. 
Sarigan: Village, 10-50 m, Evans 2443 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willdenow 
Planted in village. 
Of Mexican origin. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31427 (US). 
Occasional herbaceous vine growing in open 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Air strip, Moore 305 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31 689 
Guguan: 320 ft [I00 m], Falanruw 1839 (US). 
Occasional tree along road. 
Pagan: Village, Moore 407 (US); road to Inae 
Dikiki, 100-200 ft [30-60 m], Falanruw 1869 (Us). 
'Calopogonium mucunoides Desvaux 
Alylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Bentham 
area. 
(US, BISH, Fo). 
'Bauhinia monandra Kurz 
Tangled vine, forming large patches. 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 300 ft [90 m], Falan- 
ruw 1760f (US); near village 10-100 m, Evans 2350 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Canavalia megalantha Merrill var. 
Vine climbing in forest and creeping on vol- 
Species endemic to Marianas, the variety to 
Pagan: Plain of volcanic ash soil, Bonham 37 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1829 
Sarigan: Track leading north from village, 175- 
250 m, Evans 2416 (US, BISH, K, MO), Evans 2418 
(US, BISH, K, NY). 
"Cassia data L. 
canic soil, up to 100 m. 
Northern Marianas. 
(US). 
31655 (US, BISH, Fo, WIS, L). 
(US). 
Planted about dwellings. 
Widely planted in tropics, of American origin. 
Agrigan: Cultivated in village, 10-20 m, Fosberg 
31563 (US); southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2172 (US). 
*Cassia Zeschenaultiana de Candolle 
Weed in open places. 
Pagan: s.L, Anderson 602 (US). 
Weed in open places. 
Pagan: s.L, Kanehira 2202 (NY, FU). 
Weed in disturbed places, roadsides. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2152 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 526 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L); ash beds of isthmus, Fosberg 31352 (US); 
east of Lake Laguna, Moore 348 (USj. 
"Cassia mimosoides L. 
"Cassia occidentalis L. 
Alamagan: 170 m, Anderson 410 (US). 
Sarigan: Village, 10-50 m, Evans 2441 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
*Cassia sophera L. 
Weed about villages. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 650 ft [200 m], 
Falanruw 1933 (US): vicinity of Asongsong village, 
3-15 m, Fosberg 31716 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 250 
ft [75 m], Falanruw 1675 (US). 
"Clitoris ternatea L. 
Vine tangled in vegetation about villages and 
disturbed places. 
Pan tropical. 
Alamagan: Above Asongsong village, 3-1 5 m, 
NUMBER 22 
27 
Fosberg 31727 (US); south southwest coast, landing 
and village area, 0-200 ft [0-60 m], Falanruw 1951 
"Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Crotalaria striata de 
Candolle, Crotalaria mucronata Desvaux) 
Generally common in disturbed places, around 
villages, and on open volcanic ash beds, up to 150 
m. 
(US). 
Pantropical weed. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2151 (US, BISH); trail around south 
side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31589 (US). 
Pagan: Near crater lake, 15 m, Anderson 518 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY); near Salt Lake west side of 
island, Fosberg 31356 (US); village, Moore 406 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], 
E'alanruw 1897 (US); vicinity of Asongsong village, 
3-15 m, Fosberg 31730 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 500 ft [90 m], Falan- 
ruw 1759 (US). 
"Crotalaria trifoliastrum Willdenow 
(US). 
Not seen by us. 
Pagan: Kanehira, 1935a, p. 330; Hosokawa, 
1935a, p. 18. 
Cynometra ramiflora L. 
material, trunks to over a meter in diameter. 
Grove of large trees at top of ridge of volcanic 
Indo-Pacific. 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruw 1751 (US). 
Medinilla: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 20, as 
"Gulus." 
Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennstedt) Prain 
Climbing in vegetation in moist forested ravine 
at about 75 m elevation, elsewhere in Western 
Micronesia found at back of mangrove swamps. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Anatahan: West end of north coast, below 250 
ft [75 m], Falanruw 1682 (US). 
*Delonix regia (Bojer) Rafinesque 
Infrequent tree near village areas. 
Native of Madagascar, cultivated throughout 
Pagan: Plain of volcanic ash, 150 ft [45 m], Bon- 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
tropics. 
ham 18 (US, Fo). 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1633 (US). 
*Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willdenow 
Occasional weed in areas behind beach. 
Pantropical weed, of American origin. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2196 (US). 
'Desmodium canum (Gmelin) Schinz & Thellung 
Weed in village. 
Pantropical weed. 
Anatahan: Village area, northwest corner of is- 
land, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1643 (US). 
'Desmodium gangeticum (L.) de Candolle 
Weed in village and along trails. 
Old World tropics. 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 250 
ft [75 m], Falanruw 1681 (US); northern coast, be- 
low 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1692 (US). 
'Desmodium heterophyllum de Candolle 
Small herb of open places, easily mistaken for 
the next species. 
Widespread. 
Alamagan: Kanehira 2183 (NY). 
*Desmodium triflorum (L.) de Candolle 
Abundant small prostrate herb of open sunny 
habitats; on Guguan a pioneer with Cassytha, on 
bare volcanic cinder sand. 
Pantropical. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 1500 ft [460 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2304 (US). 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2189 (US); trail around south side of 
island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31573 (US). 
Pagan: Marine camp, 20 m, Andenon 511 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); near Salt Lake, Fosberg 31351 
(US); Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV-5K (US); Mt. 
Pagan, Moore 381 (US), 378 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falnn- 
ruw 1808 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31748 (US); south southwest coast, 
450 ft [140 m], Falanrziw 1901 (US). 
"Dolichos lablab L. 
m, Fosberg 31728 (US). 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1674 (US, BISH). 
Erythrina uariegata var. orientalis (L.) Merrill 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
Prickly tree, leafless or almost so at flowering 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
time; occasional scattered in open or semi-open 
areas and in woods from inland of coast to higher 
elevations, reaching nearly 500 m on Asuncion. 
Indo-Paci fic. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 750 ft [225 m], Falan- 
ruw 2286 (US). 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
2317 (US); trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31570 (US). 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 428 (US); isthmus, 
10 m, Anderson 577 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, below 500 ft 
[150 m], Falanruw 1937 (US); around Partido 
village, Fosberg 31671 (US). 
Guguan: 320 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1834 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruw 1748 (US). 
"Glycine clandestina Wendland 
Not seen by us. 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 18; Kanehira, 1935a, 
p. 334. 
"Zndigofera tinctoria L.? 
Scattered weedy shrubs along village road. 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2181 (US). 
"Leucuenu latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn (L. glauca 
sensu auct. plur., non (L.) Bentham; L. leucocephala 
(Lamarck) de Wit) 
This small tree or shrub is a recent introduction, 
not recorded from Pagan in 1958 but common 
about village area by 1972. On Agrigan said not 
to have been on the island before World War I1 
but now common in areas that were bulldozed. 
Of American origin but now pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Pagan: Village, Moore 399 (US). 
Sarigan: Village and vicinity, 20-50 m, Euans 
Falanruw 2188 (US). 
2407 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Mucuna gigantea (Willdenow) de Candolle 
seashore, to 250 m. 
Vine climbing in thickets, occurring well above 
Pantropical, distributed by currents. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
Pagan: Kanehira 2207 (FU, NY). 
Sarigan: North of village, 175-250 m, Euans 
2325 (US). 
2413 ? (US, BISH, NY). 
Mucuna platyphylla Gray 
tions. 
Large vine growing over trees at higher eleva- 
Pacific. 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 600 ft, Falanruw 1757 
Anatahan: Seen, but not collected by Falanruw. 
Common around edges of village, climbing over 
American, widely introduced in Old World 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-1 5 m, Fosberg 
(US). 
"Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urban 
other vegetation. 
tropics. 
31717 (US, BISH, Fo). 
'Phaseolus vulgaris L,? 
pp. 20, 27 as "Bohnen," planted in 1901. 
"Pithecellobiurn duke (Roxburgh) Bentham 
vations. 
Guguan and Medinilla: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, 
Planted and naturalized at low to moderate ele- 
Pantropical but of American origin. 
Asuncion: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 2293 (US). 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2195 (US); around village, 10-20 m, Fos- 
berg 31564 (US). 
Pagan: Vicinity of landing pier, 3 m, Anderson 
594 (US, BISH, Fo); Caldera Wall, east of airstrip, 
Moore 312 (US); 50 ft [I5 m], Bonham 23 (US, Fo). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31747 (US, BISH, Fo); south southwest 
coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 m], Falanruw 1945 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2338 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Vigna marina (Burman) Merrill 
Common vine, normally of sea-beaches but in 
Northern Marianas common inland and to higher 
elevations, 500 m on Asuncion. 
Indo-Pacific, possibly also in Caribbean. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope of volcano, 1500 
ft [450 m], Falanruw 2309 (US); 125 ft [40 m], 
Falanruw 2259 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31604 (US): Marche 295 (P, Fo). 
Pagan: Kanehira 2204 (NY); isthmus, 10 m, An- 
derson 568 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); west side of Lake 
NUMBER 22 
29 
Laguna, Moore 356 (US); Inae Dikiki (Togari Rock 
Bay), below 100 ft [SO m], Falanruw 1857 (US). 
Anatahan: West end of north coast, below 250 
ft [75 m], Falanruw 1676 (US); northwest corner of 
island, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1648 (US), 
Falanruw 1640 (US); northwest tip of island, 0- 
10 m, Evans 2453 (US). 
OXALIDACEAE 
'Oxalis corniculata L. 
In disturbed areas. 
Pantropical, in many forms and varieties. 
Maug: Northern end of East Island, below 400 
Sarigan: Above village, 250-300 ft [75-90 m], 
ft "20 m], Falanruw 2224 (US). 
Evans 2387 (US). 
RUTACEAE 
"Citrus aurantifolia (Christmann) Swingle 
plantations. 
Planted or persisting in and around villages or 
Pantropical in cultivation of Old World origin. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2183 (US). 
Alamagan: Southwest coast, 750 ft [230 m], Fa- 
lanruw 1918 (US); around Partido village, Fosberg 
31692 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2334 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1601 (US). 
"Citrus reticulata Blanco 
Planted. 
Pagan: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 33, as "Man- 
darinen." 
"Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 
Small tree near village. 
Pantropical in cultivation, originally probably 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [go m], 
from subtropical Asia. 
Falanruw 2181 (US). 
* Triphasia trifolia (Burman f.) P. Wilson 
Naturalized, forming thorny underlayer in forest. 
Tropical Asiatic, widely naturalized elsewhere 
Pagan: East of village, Moore 402 (US). 
in tropics. 
MELIACEAE 
Aglaia mariannensis Merrill 
Common small tree in thickets and forests, 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Agrigan: South southwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 2332 (US, BISH); canyon on east side of 
island, Fosberg 31631 (US). 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 315 (US); Anderson 
504 (US); south of Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fos- 
berg 31386 (US); Anderson 603 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1874 (US); around Partido village, Fos- 
berg 31679 (US); 200 m, Anderson 401 (US). 
Guguan: Southwest part of island, 175 ft [55 m], 
Falanruw 1847 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
ruw 1741 (US), Falanruw 1733 (US); 400-450 ft 
[120-140 m], Falanruw 1754 (US); north of village 
175-250 m, Evans 2410 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); above 
village, 150-250 m, Evans 2399 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
EUPHORBIACEAE 
Drypetes dolichocarpa Kanehira 
Endemic to Marianas. 
Anatahan: Kanehira 2141 (US). 
Common weed in disturbed places, villages, and 
Pantropical weed. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2175 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 552 (US, BISH, Fo); 
west side of island, near Salt Lake, Fosberg 31348 
(US, BISH); village, Moore 395 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31648 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 75 ft [25 m], Falanruw 
1790 (US); near village 10-100 m, Evans 2360 (US, 
RISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1639 (US). 
"Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 
Weed in path in former village. 
Pantropical weed. 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31380 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Euphorbia thymifolia L. 
Euphorb ia h irta L. 
gardens on inhabited islands. 
30 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Weed in paths in and around villages. 
Pantropical weed. 
Pagan: Marine camp, 20 m, Anderson 515 (US); 
near Salt Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31364 (US, BISH). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1950 (US); vicinity of Asongsong 
village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31714 (US). 
?Euph orb ia spp. ? 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
?Jatropha curcas L. 
Common small tree or shrub about villages, 
said to have been brought by Japanese. 
Pantropical, associated with man. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Pagan: Isthmus, 6 m, Anderson 528 (US, BISH, 
Falanruw 2180 (US). 
Fo, NY, L); Caldera Wall, Moore 322 (US). 
+]atropha gossypifolia L. 
Fleshy-stemmed shrub, leaves purplish, common 
about villages, dominant in some areas. Said to 
have been introduced by Japanese in 1930s. 
Native of tropical America, widely naturalized 
in Old World. 
Pagan: Isthmus, near shore, Anderson 566 (US); 
volcanic ash soil, 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 5 (US, Fo); 
near Salt Lake, west side of island, 2-50 m, Fosberg 
31360 (US); village, Moore 405 (US). 
Sarigan: Village, 20-50 m, Evans 2406 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O- 
60 m], Falanruw 1943 (US). 
Macaranga thompsonii Merrill 
Medium sized tree in moist forested area. 
Endemic in Marianas. 
Anatahan: Under 1000 ft [300 m], Falanruw 1969 
(US); northwest corner of island, below 200 ft [60 
1x1, Falanruw 1607 (US). 
?Manihot esculenta Crantz (Manihot utilissima 
Pohl) 
Planted about villages for its edible tubers. Prob- 
ably introduced early by Spanish or Germans. 
Native of tropical America, widely cultivated. 
Agrigan: Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 582 (US, BISH, Fo, 
Alamagan: Seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 rn, Evans 2333 
NY, L). 
(US). 
Anatahan: West coast, below 200 m, Falanruw 
1707 (US). 
Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata 
(Mueller-Argoviensis) Fosberg 
Common in forest and thickets away from coast. 
Indo-Pacific, indigenous in Marianas. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
ruw 2274 (US). 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
2330 (US); trail around south side of island, 10-20 
m, Fosberg 31603 (US). 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 323 (US); road to 
Inae Dikiki, 100-200 ft [30-60 m], Falanruw 1867 
(US); isthmus, 6 m, Anderson 540 (US); Bonham 
August-September 1954 (US); Fresh Water Lake, 
2-50 m, Fosberg 31381 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 
m], Falanruw 1915 (US); around Partido village, 
Fosberg 31663 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 
1736 (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2344 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
ft (60 m], Falanruw 1606 (US). 
?Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher & Thonning 
disturbed places, mostly at low elevations. 
Common weed in villages, roadsides, and other 
Pantropical weed. 
Maug: South central East Island, 100 ft [30 m], 
Falanruw 2233t (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 75 ft [25 m], Falan- 
ruw 2282 (US). 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31433 (US, BISH); 
southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2174 
Pagan: Near Salt Lake, west side of island, Fos- 
berg 31349 (US); isthmus, Anderson 562 (US, 
BISH). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31650 (US); south southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 
m], Falanruw 1944 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 1000 ft [300 m], FaZan- 
ruw 1720 (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2359 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1635 (US). 
Phyllanthus marianus Mueller-Argoviensis 
(US). 
Common on lava in open or scrubby areas and 
NUMBER 22 31 
edges of thickets. 
Endemic to Marianas, but with close relatives 
in Western Carolines. 
Maug: Central East Island, 100 ft [30 m], Falan- 
ruw 2243 (US, BISH). 
Asuncion: Southwest coast, 25 ft [lo m], Falan- 
ruw 2294 (US, BISH). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31608 (US). 
Pagan: Summit of Mt. Pagan, Villagomez JV- 
X-15 (US); Caldera Wall, Moore 319 (US); isthmus, 
6-8 m, Anderson 542 (US); Fresh Water Lake, 0- 
50 m, Fosberg 31402 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31687 (US). 
Guguan: 320 ft [I00 m], Falanruw 1832 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2348 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY); above village, 375 m, Evans 2375 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1610 (US); west end of 
north coast, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1690 
Phyllanthus safordii Merrill 
Not seen by us. Possibly a misdetermination of 
extreme forms of P. marianus. 
Except for these records, endemic to savanna 
areas of southern Marianas. 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 21. 
Alamagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 21. 
Anatahan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 21. 
Occasional in open village areas. 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2153 (US); trail around south side of 
island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31585 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, below 200 ft 
[60 m], Falanruw 1934 (US); vicinity of Asongsong 
village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31729 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2341 
(US, BISH). 
Anatahan: West end of north coast, below 250 
ft [75 m], Falanruw 1886 (US). 
(US). 
*Ricinus communis L. 
ANACARDIACEAE 
*Mangifera indica L. 
Large trees planted or persisting in village areas. 
Pantropical cultivated tree probably originally 
from Borneo according to Kostermans (pers. 
comm.). 
Pagan: Volcanic ash plain, 50 ft [15 m], Bonham 
27 (US, Fo). 
Alamagan: Near Asongsong village, 3-15 m, 
Fosberg 31732 (US). 
Anatahan: Seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
SAPINDACEAE 
Dodonaea viscosa L. 
Small bushes scattered on open slope of volcano 
between 250 and 500 m, not seen lower down or on 
other islands of Northern Marianas. 
Pan tropical. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 900 ft [275 m], Falan- 
ruw 2292 (US, BISH). 
RHAMNACEAE 
Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongniart 
In forest and thickets, coastal to over 150 m, 
reaching unusually high elevations compared with 
its occurrence elsewhere. 
Pan tropical. 
Maug: South central East Island, 500 ft [150 m], 
Falanruw 2234 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 12- 
20 m, Fosberg 31574 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, 8 m, Anderson 536 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY, L); road to Talague beach, Villagomez in 
1970 (US); Caldera Wall, east of air strip, Moore 
318 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft [ 110 
m], Falanruw 1884 (US); around Partido village, 
Fosberg 31675 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
1819 (US); 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1827 
Sarigan: Vicinity of village, 10-100 m, Evans 
2349 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); northwest coast, 200 ft 
[60 m], Falanruw 1764 (US). 
(US). 
TILIACEAE 
Elaeocarpus joga Merrill 
Medium sturdy tree, scattered in forest at higher 
elevations on rough lava. 
Endemic in the Marianas and Palau. This has 
recently (Stone, 1971:402) been reduced to E. 
32 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
sphaericus (Gaertner) K. Schumann, but we have 
not yet had time to verify this reduction. 
Pagan: Kanehira, 1935a, p. 363. 
Alamagan: Trail from south southwest coast, 
750 ft [225 m], Falanruw 1919 (US); vicinity of 
Asongsong village, Fosberg 31740 (US); Anderson 
423 (US). 
Grewia crenala (L. f.) Schinz & Guillaumin 
Small tree in second story of forests and groves. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Marche 151 (P, Foj; east coast, Moore 418 
(US); Caldera Wall, Moore 426 (US); northwest 
Pagan, sea level, Falanruw 1854 (US); Anderson 
503 (US); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 
31373 (US). 
?Muntingia calabura L. 
Sarigan: Kanehira 2155 (FU). 
Common about village area. 
Tropical American, widely naturalized in Old 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 300 ft 
World tropics. 
[90 m], Falanruw 1620 (US). 
Triumfetta procumbens Forster f. 
Creeper on beach sands. 
Indo-Pacific strand plant. 
Pagan: Inae Dikiki or Togari Bay, below 100 ft 
[30 m], Falanruw 1861 (US). 
*Triumfetta semitriloba Jacquin 
Tall weed in coconut plantations and in villages. 
Pan tropical. 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31419 (US, BISH, Fo); south- 
west coast, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2190 
(US); 250 ft [75 m], 1879 (US). 
Pagan: Anderson 609 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, Fosberg 31726 
(US); south southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], Falan- 
ruw 1894 (US); around Partido village, Fosberg 
31700 (US). 
M ALVACEAE 
?Abutilon indicum Sweet 
Near village. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Sarigan: North of village 50-175 m, Evans 2425 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
+Gossypium hirsutum L. 
Persisting from planting. 
Pantropical, of American origin. 
Maug: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 42, as ?Blii- 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 581 (US). 
Occasional in open weedy village area. 
Pantropical. 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
hende Baumwolle.? 
?Hibiscus abelmoschus L. 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1646 (US). 
Hibiscus tiliaceus L. 
In thickets and ragged forests especially near sea, 
and around saltwater lake on Pagan: forming belt 
on slopes of Sarigan, very rare on Guguan. 
Pantropical. 
Maug: South central East Island, 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 2240 (US). 
Asuncion: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 39, as 
?Hibiskus.? 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, Fos- 
berg 31569 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Bonham 10 (US, Fo); isthmus near pier, 
Anderson 599 (US, Fo, BISH, NY, L); near lagoon, 
Anderson 593 (US, Fo, BISH, NY, L); near Salt 
Lake, west side of island, Fosberg 31343 (US); vil- 
lage, Moore 398 (US). 
Alamagan: Southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], Fa- 
lanruw I899 (US); Partido village, Fosberg 13658 
(US, BISH, Fo). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, Falanruw 1785 (US, 
BISH); 250 ft [75 m], 1726 (US); village and vi- 
cinity, 20-50 m, Evans 2408 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 
behind village, 50-100 m, Evans 2364 (US, BISH, 
Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1670 
(US); Northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2459 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
*Hibiscus ornamental hybrid 
Medinilla: Swedberg, his 1974. 
Planted, apparently did not persist. 
Agrigan: Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
Alamagan: Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
?Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke 
Common weed in open areas in villages. 
Pantropical, of American origin. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31436 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, below 200 ft 
[60 m], Falanruw 1938 (US); around Partido vil- 
lage, Fosberg 31691 (US, BISH, Fo). 
NUMBER 22 33 
*Sida acuta Burman f. 
other disturbed places. 
Weed in plantations and around villages and 
Pan tropical. 
Pagan: Village, Moore 408 (US); near Salt Lake, 
west side of island, Fosberg 31362 (US): isthmus, 
Anderson 563 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest corner of island, be- 
low 500 ft [150 m], Falanruw 1941 (US); around 
Partido village, Fosberg 31702 (US); vicinity of 
Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31719 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 1724 (US); village and vicinity, 10-50 m, Evans 
2433 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1647 (US). 
*Sida rhombifolia L. 
Common weed in thickets and plantations. 
Pan tropical. 
Agrigan: Village area, Fosberg 31421 (US). 
Pagan: Village, Moore 400 (US), 403 (US): 
Marche 150 (P, Fo): near Salt Lake, west side of 
island, Fosberg 31361 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 200 ft [60 m], Falan- 
ruw 1781 (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2346 
*Sida rhombifolia X acuta? 
(US). 
Along path in village area. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2185 (US). 
'Sida spinosa L. 
Weed in village. 
Pan tropical. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 
m, Fosberg 31720 (US). 
Thespesia populnea (L.) Solander ex Correa 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 573 (US, BISH, NY); 
Talague Beach, Moore 342 (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31647 
(US); south southwest coast, 0-200 ft [0-60 m], 
Falanruw I492 (US). 
Sarigan: Kanehira 2157 (FU, NY). 
Urena lobata L. 
Occasional in open and semi-open areas. 
Pan tropical. 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [140 m], 
I767 (US). 
Falanruw 1898a (US). 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1636 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest comer of island, below 200 
BOMBACACEAE 
"Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner 
Japanese. 
Persisting around villages from planting by 
Pantropical. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Pagan: Anderson 610 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Falanruw 2159 (US). 
STERCULIACEAE 
Melochia compacta Hochreutiner 
areas. 
At very low elevations in thickets and open 
Marianas and Carolines. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 2 m, 
Fosberg 31567 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: 8-10 m, Anderson 501 (US). 
Melochia villosissima (Presl) Merrill 
Along trails at low elevations. 
Marianas and Carolines. 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 427 (US): trail to 
Pansantati, below 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 1864 
(US). 
THEACEAE 
Eurya japonica var. nitida (Korthals) Thistelton- 
Dyer 
Eastern Asia to Micronesia. 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 31. 
Pagan?: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 31. 
Alamagan: Kanehira 2190 (K). 
GUTTIFERAE 
Calophyllum inophyllum L. 
Uncommon. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Near center of island, Anderson 597 (US, 
Alamagan: Fritz, 1902, p. 102. 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
PASSIFLORACEAE 
+PassifEma foetida var. hispida (de Candolle) Killip 
Weed in plantations and thickets, especially 
around disturbed areas and villages. 
Pantropical, but of American origin. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31424 (US, BISH, Fo); 
midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 2327 (US). 
Pagan: Marine camp, 20 m, Anderson 510 (US, 
BISH, Fo); isthmus, Anderson 527 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY); Bonham 3 (US, Fo); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 
m, Fosberg 31372 (US); east of village, Moore 404 
(US); edge of air strip, Moore 309 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft. [110 
m], Falanruw 1885 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 300 ft [90 m], Falan- 
ruw 1762 (US); 100 ft, 1717 (US) (sterile); north of 
village, 5b-175 m, Evans 2427 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
LYTHRACEAE 
CARICACEAE 
LCarica papaya L. 
anas except Uracas. 
Sparingly naturalized throughout Northern Mari- 
Pantropical, of American origin. 
Maug: South central East Island, 200-300 ft [60- 
90 m], Falanruw 2349 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 150 ft [45 m], 
Falanruw 2260 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31590 (US); narrow ravine, midwest 
coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2347. 
Pagan: North of marine camp, Anderson 607 
(US, BISH, Fo); Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31390 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
Guguan: Seen, but not collected by Falanruw. 
Anatahan: Western coast, below 200 m, Falan- 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
(US). 
31698 (US, BISH). 
ruw I704 (US). 
CUCURBITACEAE 
?Benincasa hispida (Thunberg) Cogniaux 
Vine climbing in woody vegetation. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 m], 
Falanruw 1917 (US); vicinity of Asongsong village, 
3-15 m, Fosberg 31725 (US). 
Pemphis acidula Forster f. 
Locally very abundant on limestone area, prob- 
ably the only occurrence in the Northern Marianas 
except possibly on Medinilla. 
Pagan: East side of isthmus, Anderson 545 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); east coast, Moore 425 (US); Inae 
Dikiki or Togari Rock Bay, 100 ft [30 m], Falan- 
ruw I859 (US). 
These are probably all from the same locality, 
a very localized limestone outcrop. 
COMBRETACEAE 
*Terminalia catappa L. 
Large trees throughout Northern Marianas ex- 
cept Asuncion, Uracas, and possibly Medinilla. 
Dwarfed somewhat on Guguan. Generally in open 
country or in wooded ravines: provide roosting 
and nesting sites for boobies on Guguan and Maug. 
Pantropical. 
Maug: South central East Island, Falanruw 2235 
Asuncion: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 39, as 
?Talisay? (possibly T. rostrata). 
Agrigan: Village area, southwest coast, below 
300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2173 (US); trail around 
south side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31607 (US, 
BISH). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 533 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L); Caldera Wall, east of air strip, Moore 311 
Alamagan: Above Asongsong village, Fosberg 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1825 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
ruw I739 (US, BISH), I740 (US); village and vi- 
cinity, 20-50 m, Evans 2409 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest coast, Falanruw 1709 (US). 
Medinilla: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 20, as 
(US). 
(US). 
31743 (US). 
(US) * 
?Talisay-Mandelbaum. ? 
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw 
One large tree seen. 
Apparently endemic on Asuncion. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 400 ft [120 m], 
Falanruw 2290 (US). 
Terminalia samoensis Rechinger 
NUMBER 22 35 
Common in low forest on lower slopes. 
Pacific, widely distributed usually strand species. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 100 ft [30 m], 
Falanruw 2281 (US). 
LECYTHIDACEAE 
Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz 
occurring more inland about village areas. 
Occasional to common tree in coastal areas, some 
Indo-Pacific strand trees. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31636 (US); 
Pagan: South of pier on west coast, 20 m, And- 
Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31697 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, sea level, Falanruw 
1783 (US); north of village, 50-175 m, Evans 2426 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1664 
(US); northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2462 
(US, BISH). 
midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 2344 (US). 
erson 589 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
MYRTACEAE 
Eugenia palumbis Merrill 
Possibly too close to E. reinwardtiana. 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1940, p. 542. 
Eugenia reinwardtiana (Blume) de Candolle 
bluffs. 
Infrequent in thickets, low forests, and on coastal 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 314 (US); Anderson 
Guguan: Southwest part of island, 175 ft [55 m], 
20 m, Fosberg 31601 (US). 
578 (US). 
Falanruw 1846 (US). 
*Psidium guajava L. 
village areas. 
Occasional groups of small trees about dry open 
Pantropical, of American origin. 
Pagan: Anderson 509 (US, BISH, Po). 
Sarigan: Behind village, 50-100 m, Evans 2366 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1673 (US). 
MELASTOM ATACEAE 
Melastoma malabathricum L. var. (Melastoma 
niarianum Naudin). 
Scattered shrubs in open grassy areas. 
Indo-Pacific, variety endemic in Marianas. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], Moore 365 
(US), Moore 385 (US); Mt. Charlen spatter cone, 
east of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31414 (US). 
Alamagan: Kanehira, 1935a, p. 383, Kanehira, 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2378 (US, 
1938, pp. 240-241. 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
ARALIACEAE 
Polyscias grandifolia Volkens 
In undergrowth in ravines and thickets. 
Micronesian. 
Pagan: Isthmus, 6-8 m, Anderson 541 (US, 
BISH); Caldera Wall, Moore 313 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, Fos- 
berg 31739 (US, BISH, Fo); Anderson 421 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); south southwest coast, 1025 ft 
[310 m], Falanruw 1925 (US). 
Sarigan: Kanehira, 1935a, pp. 293-294. 
#PoZyscias scutellaria (Burman f.) Fosberg 
Persisting around old house site. 
Widespread cultivated ornamental. 
Pagan: Near Salt Lake, west side of island, 2- 
50 m, Fosberg 31346 (US). 
UMBELLIFEREAE 
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban 
Prostrate herb on moist shaded forest floor. 
Indo-Pacific, a very closely related species, some- 
times regarded as the same, in eastern America. 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 750 ft [230 
m], Falanruw 1920 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2379 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: West end of coast, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1688 (US). 
SAPOTACEAE 
Pouteria obovata (R. Brown) Baehni (Sideroxylon 
glomeratum Volkens) 
Common tree in forests and wooded ravines. 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Indo-Paci fic. 
Agrigan: Hosokawa, 1937, p. 282. 
Pagan: Road to Inae Dikiki, 100-200 ft [30-60 
m], Falanruw 1868 (US), 1866 (US); Caldera Wall, 
Moore 324 (US); trail to Talague Beach, below 150 
ft [45 m], Falanruw 1871 (US); isthmus, 20 m, 
Anderson 534 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 1025 ft [310 
m], Falanruw 1926 (US); Kanehira 2174 (NY); vi- 
cinity of Asongsong village, Fosberg 31742 (US); 
31705 (US); Anderson 430 (US); around Partido 
village, Fosberg 31681 (US). 
Guguan: 320 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1840 (US). 
PRIMULACEAE 
Lysimachia mauritiana Lamarck 
Not found by us. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 34; Kanehira, 1935a, 
p. 387. 
LOGANIACEAE 
Geniostoma micranthum var. (Geniostoma hoeferi 
var. glabrum Gilg) 
Alamagan: Anderson 419 (US); Kanehira 2180 
(NV 
Geniostoma micranthum de Candolle var. 
micranthum 
and semi-open areas on lava. 
Rare to common small tree or shrub in open 
Marianas endemic. 
Agrigan: East side of island, Fosberg 31629 (US, 
Pagan: Kanehira 2209 (NY). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31683 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Hosokawa 7903 (A, 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1609 (US); western end of 
north coast, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1683 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2372 (US, 
BISH); Hosokawa 7994 (US). 
US). 
(US). 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
OLEACEAE 
Jasminum marianum de Candolle 
Uncommon subscandent shrub. 
Marianas endemic. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 359 (US); isthmus, 
Anderson 538 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1876 (US); vicinity of Asongsong village, 
3-15 m, Fosberg 31721 (US); 200 m, Anderson 420 
(US). 
APOCYNACEAE 
*Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don 
camps. 
Cultivated and naturalized around villages and 
Pantropical, native of Madagascar. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast village area, below 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 2177 (US); village, 10-20 m, 
Fosberg 31565 (US). 
Pagan: Village, Moore 416 (US); near Salt Lake, 
west side of island, Fosberg 31358 (US), 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft [110 m], 
Falanruw 1889 (US), 1890 (US); around Partido 
village, Fosberg 31652 (US, BISH). 
Sarigan: Village and vicinity, 10-50 m, Evans 
2442 (US, BISH). 
Anatahan: Village area, northwest corner of 
island, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1678 (US). 
Cerbera dilatata Markgraf 
Marianas endemic. 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7969 (A). 
Neiosperma oppositifolia (Lamarck) Fosberg & 
Sachet 
Scattered small trees in thickets and forests. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: South central East Island, 400 ft [120 m], 
Falanruw 2245 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2254 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31577 (US, BISH, Fo.). 
Pagan: Cinder plain, 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 15 
(US, Fo); isthmus, Anderson 576 (US, BISH, Fo); 
east of village, Moore 414 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft [110 m], 
Falanruw 1883 (US); Anderson 435 (US), 409 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY); around Partido village, Fosberg 
31657 (US); around Asongsong village, Fosberg 
31741 (US). 
NUMBER 22 37 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 
1778 (US); 100 ft [30 m], 1716 (US); north of vil- 
lage, 175-250 m, Evans 2412 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Ochrosia mariannensis A. de Candolle 
Occasional in open areas, more common in semi- 
open and low woods. 
Marianas endemic. 
Pagan: Kanehira 2201 (NY, FU); isthmus, 16 m, 
Anderson 535 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Caldera 
Wall, Moore 320 (US); trail to Talague beach, 
below 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 1870 (US, BISH). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 200 ft [60 m], Falan- 
ruw 1770 (US) seedling; below 250 ft [75 m], 1728 
(US, BISH); 200 ft [60 m], 1769 (US, BISH); north 
of village, 175-250 m, Evans 2417 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY). 
'Plumeria rubra L. 
Planted in graveyard. 
Pantropical ornamental, of American origin. 
Anatahan: Village area, northwest corner of is- 
land, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1679 (US). 
'Thevetia peruviana (Persoon) K. Schumann 
Small tree occasionally planted about houses. 
Pantropical ornamental of American origin. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31425 (US); southwest 
coast, village area, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 
2156 (US). 
Pagan: Anderson 598 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 
near Salt Lake, Fosberg 31347 (US): between village 
and Lake Laguna, Moore 358 (US). 
CONVOLVULACEAE 
+Zpomoea aquatica Forskal 
Growing in low marshy area at east end of lake. 
Pantropical potherb. 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31393 (US, 
BISH, Fo). 
*Zpomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck 
Cultivated and persisting about villages and 
former habitations. 
Widespread food plant, probably of American 
origin. 
Agrigan: Fritz, 1902, p. 102; Gaudichaud, 1826, 
p. 76. 
Pagan: Near Salt Water Lake, west side of island, 
Fosberg 31357 (US); 30 m, Anderson 595 (US, 
BISH, Fo), Anderson 596 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Fritz, 1902, p. 102. 
Sarigan: North of village, 50-175 m, Evans 2422 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Zpomoea indica (Burman f.) Merrill 
Vine climbing over vegetation. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
Guguan: Southwest part of island, 175 ft [55 m], 
m, Fosberg 31731 (US). 
Falanruw 1848 (US). 
Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) 
van Ooststroom 
Common coastal species on all islands, occasional 
inland in pioneer situations, as on volcanic sands 
and rocks of Guguan and Uracas. 
Pantropical. 
Uracas: West side of south coast, below 400 ft 
[I20 m], Falanruw 2209 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwest coast, 100 ft [30 m], Falan- 
ruw 2280 (US). 
Agrigan: Marche 298 (P, Fo); Village, Fosberg 
31429 (US); southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2184 (US, BISH); midwest coast, 15 ft 
[5 m], Falanruw 2348 (US). 
Pagan: Bonham 21 (US, Fo); isthmus, Anderson 
565 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Fresh Water Lake, 
Fosberg 31396 (US); Marche 149 (P, Fo); Mt. Pagan, 
Moore 368 (US); air strip, Moore 308 (US); La- 
guna, Villagomez JV-05 (US). 
Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31645 (US, 
BISH); south southwest coast, 0-200 ft [O-60 m], 
Falanruw 1956 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falan- 
ruw 1800 (US). 
Sarigan: Coastal bluffs above anchorage, 0-75 ft 
[O-20 m], Falanruw 1775 (US); below village, 0-20 
m, Evans 2429 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1665 
(US), northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2460 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
Zpomoea sp. 
only, seen. 
Falanruw 1708 (US). 
*OpercuZina ventricosa (Bertero) Peter 
Vine growing along goat trail in ravine, seedling, 
Anatahan: Western coast, below 200 ft [60 m], 
38 SMITHSONIAN COKTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 
Locally abundant vine climbing over thickets and 
edges of forests. 
Pantropical. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 150 ft [45 m], 
Falanruw 2251 (US, BISH). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, Fos- 
berg 31617 (US); midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2329 (US). 
Pagan: Bonham 2 (US, Fo); Fresh Water Lake, 
2-50 m, Fosberg ?l383 (US, BISH); Marche 148 
(PI Fo); edge of air strip, Moore 306 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, Fos- 
berg 31722 (US, BISH); south southwest coast, be- 
low 500 ft [150 m], Falanruw 19?9 ? (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2??7? 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Falanruw 1988 ? (US). 
Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merrill 
Large vine, growing over shrubs and trees in 
ravines and coconut plantations. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31696 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 300 ft [90 m], Falan- 
ruw 1761 (US); Kanehira 2170 (NY). 
Anatahan: Western coast, below 200 m, Falan- 
ruw 1706 (US). 
(US). 
BORAGINACEAE 
"Heliotropium indicum L. 
Weed in villages. 
Pantropical. 
Sarigan: Village and vicinity, 10-50 m, Evans 
2440 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Heliotropium oualifolium var. depressum 
(Chamisso) Merrill 
Weed in villages. 
Species Indo-Pacific; variety supposedly Marianas 
Pagan: Village, Moore 394 (US). 
endemic. 
VERBEN ACE AE 
Callicarpa candicans var. (Callicarpa paucinervia 
Merrill) 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31599 (US). 
Pagan: Kanehira 2203 (US); south of pier, An- 
derson 585 (US); isthmus, 2 m, Anderson 546 (US); 
east coast, Moore 424 (US); Talague beach, Moore 
?40 (US). 
Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-1 5 
ni, Fosberg 31706 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 150 
ft 145 m], Falanruw 1652 (US). 
Callicarpa lamii Hosokawa 
camp, edge of forest, Anderson 606 (US). 
Pagan: Marche 15? (P, Fo); north of marine 
Alamagan: Anderson 416 (US). 
Clerodendron inerme (L.) Gaertner 
shade. 
Common component of undergrowth in semi- 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Caldera Wall, Moore 317 (US). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 150 m, Falanruw I730 
(US). 
Premna obtusifolia R. Brown 
areas. 
Small tree, occasional in semi-open and forested 
Indo-Pacific. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
ruw 2273 (US); 400 ft [120 m], 2289 (US). 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31426 (US). 
Pagan: Volcanic ash soil, 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 
8 (US, Fo); Caldera il'all, Moore 321 (US); Fresh 
Water Lake, Fosberg 31?82 (US); isthmus, 6 m, 
Anderson 531 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31680 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); above village, 150- 
250 m, Evans 2395 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1826 
(US); 320 ft [I00 m], 1835 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 350-375 m, Evans 2369 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northern coast, below 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1684 (US), I685 (US). 
Medinilla: Lehne and Gabler, 1972, p. 20, as 
"Ahgau." 
"Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl 
In disturbed places around village and landing. 
Pantropical weed of American origin. 
Pagan: East of pier, Anderson 612 (US, BISH, 
Fo); flats near landing, Fosberg 31368 (US); vil- 
lage, Moore 409 (US). 
Vitex negundo L. 
NUMBER 22 
39 
Infrequent, in clumps near coast. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: South central East Island, 15 ft [5 m], 
Falanruw 2246 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Inae Dikiki, below 100 ft [30 m], Falan- 
ruw 1858 (US, BISH); east coast, Moore 423 (US). 
LABIATAE 
"Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poiteau 
trails. 
nesia. 
Falanruw 2248 (US, BISH). 
20 m, Fosberg 31594 (US). 
Occasional to common in weedy places and along 
Weed of American origin, common in Micro- 
Maug: South central East Island, 50 ft [15 m], 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31395 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 500 ft [150 
m], Falanruw 1907 (US); vicinity of Asongsong vil- 
lage, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31718 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2345 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
"Ocimum basilicum L. 
Cultivated in gardens and dooryards. 
Widespread cultivated species. 
Agrigan: Village, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31558 (US, 
BISH). 
"Ocimum sanctum L. 
Commonly cultivated in villages. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2176 (US), 2186 (US); Cultivated, Fos- 
berg 31422 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Pagan: Road to Talague beach, Moore 346 (US); 
roadside, Anderson 608 (US, BISH, Fo). 
SOLANACEAE 
*Capsicum frutescens L. 
Common shrub planted in villages, naturalized 
along trails and in undergrowth in thickets and 
woods. 
Tropical American, now pantropical. 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 2250 (US), Falanruw 2265 (US), Falanruw 2267 
(US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, Fos- 
berg 31588 (US). 
Alamagan: Cultivated, Fosberg 31701 (US, 
BISH); around Partido village, Fosberg 31668 (US, 
BISH, Fo); south southwest coast, 350 ft [110 m], 
Falanruw 1886 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 400 ft [120 m], Falan- 
ruw 1750' (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2343 
(US); above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2389 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 150 ft 
[45 m], Falanruw 1651 (US). 
*Datura mete1 L. 
One plant seen in garden. 
Widespread cultivated species. 
Agrigan: Village, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31566 (US). 
Planted around villages. 
Widespread cultivated species of American origin. 
Agrigan: Fritz, 1902, p. 109. 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 
31693 (US). 
Sarigan: Village and vicinity, 10-50 m, Evans 
2434 (US). 
Anatahan: Seen but not collected by Falanruw. 
"Physalis angulata L. 
Infrequent in semi-open area. 
Pantropical weed. 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 150 
*Nicotiana tabacum L. 
ft [45 m], Falanruw 1650 (US). 
Physalis minima L. 
infrequent inland. 
Scattered at low elevations in open rocky areas, 
Old World tropics. 
Uracas: Large precaldera rock on south coast, 
less than 400 ft [120 m], Falanruw 2199 (US). 
Sarigan: Near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2361 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY); volcanic ridge near anchorage, 325 
ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1743 (US); 0-75 ft [O-20 m], 
Falanruw 1776 (US); northwest coast, Falanruw 
1749. 
Anatahan: Trail inland from village, less than 
1000 ft [300 m], Falanruw 1971 (US). 
"Solanum melongena L. 
Sparingly cultivated. 
Widespread cultivated garden vegetable. 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31654 
(US). 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Sarigan: North of village, 50-175 
(US). 
m, Evans 2423 
SCROPHULARIACEAE 
*Angelonia angustifolia Bentham 
Rare, in vicinity of houses. 
Cultivated ornamental of tropical American 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 
origin. 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1640 (US). 
"Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. von Mueller 
haps from a shaded spot. 
Rare, on crater floor, a very slender form, per- 
Widespread pantropical weed. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], Moore 361 
(US). 
MYOPORACEAE 
hlyoporum boninense Koidzumi 
Endemic to Bonin and Marianas islands. 
Pagan: On cliff above shore, 4 m, Anderson 600 
(US). 
ACANTHACEAE 
Blechum brownei f. puberulum Leonard 
thickets. 
form. 
ruw 2268, 2258 (US). 
Abundant along trails and in plantations and 
Pantropical; f. puberulum is common Old World 
Asuncion: Southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31423 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31672 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); south southwest coast, 350 ft 
[I10 m], Falanruw 1887 (US). 
Guguan: Southwest part of island, 175 ft [55 m], 
Falanruw 1845 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast above anchorage, 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1771 (US); near village, 10- 
100 m, Evans 2342 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Kanehira 
2167 (FIJ). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1616 (US); western coast, 
below 200 m, Falanruw 1702 (US). 
Ruellia sp. 
Anatahan: West coast, Falanruw 1702 (US). 
RUBIACEAE 
Hedyotis albido-punctata (Merrill) Fosberg 
On rocks not far from sea. 
Western Pacific and eastern Asia strand species. 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, sea level to 75 ft [20 
m], Falanruw 1779 (US), Falanruw 1794 (US); 300 
ft [90 m], Falanruw 1763 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, 
Evans 2450 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lamarck 
Small herbs growing in moist shaded or semi- 
open areas and along trails. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 
2343 (US); trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31580 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 350 ft [110 
m], Falanruw 1888 (US). 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7836 (BISH); west end of 
north coast, below 250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1689 
(US); northwest corner of island, 200-300 ft [60- 
90 m], Falanruw 1612 (US); northwest tip of island, 
0-10 m, Evans 2454 (US). 
Hedyotis foetida var. mariannensis (Merrill) 
Fosberg 
Foetid erect shrub or suffrutescent herb growing 
back of beaches, on ledges, in rocky areas, and in 
open on black cinder sand inland on Guguan. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31597 (US), 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 366 (US); 12 m, And- 
erson 502 (US); isthmus, 4 m, Anderson 550 (US). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1668 
(US); northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2445 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Guguan: 320 ft [loo m], Falanruw 1833 (US). 
Alamagan: Hosokawa 7898 (BISH); south south- 
west coast, 0-200 ft [0-60 m], Falanruw 1960 (US); 
vicinity of Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31707 
(US); around Partido village, Fosberg 31682 (US); 
Anderson 414 (US). 
Hedyotis kanehirae (Hatusima) Fosberg 
Not seen by us. 
Alamagan: Hatusima, 1936, p. 218. 
Alamagan: Kanehira 2181 (NY). 
Not seen by us. 
Hedyotis laciniata Kanehira 
Hedyotis sariganensis Hosokawa 
NUMBER 22 
41 
Sarigan: Hosokawa, 1935a, p. 36; Hatusima, 
1936, p. 226; Kanehira, 1935a, p. 419. 
Hedyotis scabrifolia Kanehira var. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 383 (US). 
Morinda citrifolia L. 
Glossy-leafed shrub or small tree found on all 
islands except Uracas in semi-open and open areas, 
thickets, and coconut plantations, on various sub- 
strata, dominant "small shrub-like tree" on Medi- 
nilla. 
Pantropical. 
Maug: North end of island, below 400 ft [120 
m], Falanruw 2217 (US). 
Asuncion: Lower southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], 
Falanruw 2263 (US). 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31591 (US); southwest coast, below 
300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2194 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 575 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY, L); 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 13 (US, Fo); vil- 
lage, Moore 417 (US); east coast, Moore 420' (US). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31661 
(US); south southwest coast, 250 ft [75 m], Falan- 
ruw 1880 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falan- 
ruw 1815 (US). 
Sarigan: Above village, 150-250 m, Evans 2394 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY); northwest coast, 325 ft [I00 
m], Falanruw 1747 (US). 
Anatahan: Vicinity of beach, northwest tip of 
island, 0-10 m, Evans 2461 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 
behind village, northwest corner of island, below 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1604 (US). 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
Psychotria hombroniana (Baillon) Fosberg 
(Psychotria mariannensis Kanehira) 
Marianas endemic. 
Alamagan: Kanehira 2186 (P, NY). 
Shrubs or small tree, common in undergrowth 
Endemic to Marianas and Yap Island. 
Agrigan: Marche 292 (P); canyon on east side of 
island, Fosberg 31632 (US, BISH, Fo); trail around 
south side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 31615 (US, 
BISH, Fo, NY, L); midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 2333 (US, BISH). 
Pagan: Kanehira 2205 (NY); Fresh Water Lake, 
Psychotria mariana Bartling 
in forests, thickets, and semi-open areas. 
2-50 m, Fosberg 31370 (US, BISH, Fo), Fosberg 
31377 (US); Anderson 505 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 150 
ft [45 m], Bonham 9 (US, BISH); Caldera Wall, 
Moore 327 (US); Talague beach, Moore 337 (US); 
road to Inae Dikiki, below 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 
1856 (US); trail to Talague beach, below 150 ft [45 
m], Falanruw 1871a (US). 
Alamagan: Asongsong, 100 ft [30 m], Kondo llb 
(BISH); 200 m, Anderson 403 (US, BISH, Fo), An- 
derson 420 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); south southwest 
coast, 350 ft [I10 m], Falanruw 1891 (US); 250 ft [75 
m], Falanruw 1875 (US); around Partido village, 
Fosberg 31664 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 325 ft [lo0 m], Falan- 
ruw 1744 (US, BISH); above village, 150-250 m, 
Evans 2391 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); near village, 10- 
100 m, Evans 2340 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Randia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Merrill 
Shrub, common in forests. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Pagan: Anderson 506 (US); isthmus, Anderson 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31 673 
539 (US). 
(US); Anderson 422 (US). 
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
"Sambucus mexicana Presl ex de Candolle 
Cultivated in village. 
American, thought to be medicinal. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31435 (US). 
GOODENIACEAE 
Scaeuola taccada (Roxburgh) Gaertner 
Shrub found in open areas at about 100 m or 
below, in other regions mostly found on beaches 
and sea-facing rocks, here mostly inland; a tall and 
a depressed form present. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 75 ft [20 m], Fa- 
lanruw 2284 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31428 (US). 
Pagan: Anderson 587 (US, BISH, NY, L); Ta- 
lague beach, Moore 341 (US); Inae Dikiki, below 
100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 1860 (US); trail to Pan- 
santati, below 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 1865 (US, 
BISH). 
Alamagan: Kanehira 2195 (FU); Partido village, 
Fosberg 31686 (US, BISH). 
42 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Guguan: 320 ft [lo0 m], Falanruw 1838 (US, 
Sarigan: Above village, 375 m, Evans 2373 (US, 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7844 (A). 
BISH). 
BISH, Fo, NY, P). 
COMPOSITAE 
*Ageratum conyzoides L. 
Common in openings, forest edges and especially 
in disturbed areas. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 20 ft [6 m], Falanruw 
2322 (US). 
Pagan: East of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31413 
(US, BISH). 
Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31688 
(US, BISH); south southwest coast, sea level to 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1946 (US). 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1849 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, sea level, Falanruw 
1784 (US); 150 ft [45 m], 1722 (US); north of vil- 
lage, 175-250 m, Evans 2414 (US): near village, 
10-100 m, Evans 2356 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, below 200 
ft [60 m], Falanruw 1638 (US). 
"Artemisia vulgaris L. 
widely and becoming established. 
(US). 
Medicinal herb, abundant in graveyards. Planted 
Eurasian origin. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2157 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest coast, below 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 1677 (US). 
"Bidens sulphurea (Cavanilles) Schultz-Bipontinus 
(Cosmos sulphureus Cavanilles) 
Planted ornamental of American origin. 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31559 (US). 
Found in bare or disturbed places. 
Cosmopolitan. 
Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 375 (US); east of air 
*Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist 
strip, Moore 310 (US). 
"Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist 
turbed places. 
Found near airstrip; generally in bare or dis- 
Cosmopolitan. 
Pagan: East of air strip, Moore 307 (US). 
"Elephantopus mollis Humboldt, Bonpland, 8c 
Kunth 
Common weed along trails and in village areas, 
also on new volcanic ash. 
Widespread weed of American origin, often con- 
fused with the Asiatic E. scaber. 
Asuncion: Lower southwest slope, 150 ft [45 m], 
Falanruw 2264 (US, BISH). 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31420 (US, BISH); southwest 
coast, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2193 (US, 
BISH). 
Pagan: Salt Lake, Fosberg 31359 (US, BISH); 
isthmus, Anderson 572 (US, BISH, NY, L); Mt. 
Pagan, Moore 384 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, 450 ft [140 
m], Falanruw 1898 (US). 
Anatahan: Northwest corner of island, 200-300 
ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1632 (US). 
"Emilia sonchifolia (L.) de Candolle ex Wight 
as in disturbed areas and around villages. 
Scattered in open areas of volcanic ash, as well 
Pantropical, of south Asian origin. 
Agrigan: Midwest coast, 30 ft [lo m], Falanruw 
2316 (US); trail around south side of island, 10-20 
m, Fosberg 31614 (US, BISH, Fo). 
Pagan: Village, Moore 429 (US); near Salt Lake, 
west side of island, Fosberg 31369 (US); east of 
pier, Anderson 613 (US). 
Alamagan: South southwest coast, sea level to 
200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1958 (US). 
Guguan: West coast, below 50 ft [I5 m], Falan- 
ruw 1813 (US); 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1820b 
(US). 
"Eupatorium odoratum L. 
A few patches of low bushes inland of beach. 
Pantropical weed of American origin. 
Agrigan: Southwest coast, below 300 ft [90 m], 
Falanruw 2191 (US). 
Glossogyne tenuifolia (Lessing) Cassini 
Scattered on open lava slopes, and open areas of 
cinder sand, reaching 500 m elevation on Asuncion. 
A widely distributed Indo-Pacific savanna spe- 
cies. 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 1500 ft [460 m], 
Falanruw 2297 (US); 1000 ft [300 m], 2306 (US). 
Agrigan: Hosokawa 8006 (A). 
Pagan: Hosokawa 7956 (Fo); Kanehira 2212 (P, 
NY, FU); east of Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31404 
NUMBER 22 
(US, BISH, NY, L); Mt. Pagan, 1870 ft [570 m], 
Moore 374 (US). 
Guguan: 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falanruw 1831 
(US, BISH). 
*Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Aublet) Gleason 
Occasional in weedy places. 
A pantropical weed. 
Agrigan: Trail around south side of island, 10- 
20 m, Fosberg 31595 (US); southwest coast, below 
300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2165 (US). 
'Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertner 
weedy. 
Around villages, along trails and on open slopes, 
Pantropical, of tropical American origin. 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31434 (US). 
Pagan: Kanehira 2215 (NY, FU). 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-1 5 m, Fosberg 
31749 (US). 
Sarigan: Northwest coast, 150 ft [45 m], Falan- 
ruw 1721 (US); 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1768 (US); 
near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2363 (US). 
+Vernonia cinerea (L.) Lessing 
open and semishaded areas generally. 
Common small weed in villages, gardens, and 
Pantropical. 
Maug: South central East Island, 100 ft [30 m], 
Falanruw 2249 (US). 
Asuncion: Southwestern slope, 250 ft [75 m], 
Falanruw 2270 (US). 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31430 (US, BISH); 
southwestern coast, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 
2161 (US). 
Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 569 (US, BISH, NY, 
L); Mt. Pagan, Moore 380 (US); Fresh Water Lake, 
Fosberg 31400 (US). 
Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31649 (US); 
south southwest coast, sea level to 200 ft [60 m], 
Falanruw 1949 (US); 450 ft [140 m], Falanruw 1896 
(US). 
43 
Sarigan: Near anchorage, 100 ft [30 m], Falan- 
ruw 1718 (US); near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2362 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
Anatahan: Hosokawa 7856; northwest corner of 
island, 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 1623 (US). 
Wedelia biflora var. canescens (Gaudichaud) 
Fosberg 
Common extensively semi-creeping shrub or 
coarse herb on rocks and volcanic material, mostly 
near seacoast. 
Indo-Pacific. 
Maug: South central East Island, 50 ft [I5 m], 
Falanruw 2247 (US). 
Agrigan: Fosberg 31613 (US, BISH, NY, L); 
southwest coast below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2170 
Pagan: Landing, Fosberg 31418 (US, BISH); 
isthmus, Anderson 551 (US, BISH, NY); south of 
pier, Anderson 588 (US, BISH, NY, L); Laguna, 
Villagomez JV-04 (US); Talague beach, Moore 
Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 
Guguan: 200-225 ft [60-70 m], Falanruw 1823 
Sarigan: Kanehira 2165 (FU); northwest coast, 
sea level to 75 ft [20 m], Falanrziw 1791 (US, BISH); 
above village 150-250 m, Evans 2395 (US, BISH, Fo, 
NY). 
Anatahan: Beach area, sea level, Falanruw 1659 
(US); northwest tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 2446 
(US, BISH, Fo, NY). 
(US). 
345 (US). 
31708 (US, BISH, Fo). 
(US). 
Medinilla: Swedberg, MS 1974. 
'Zinnia elegans Jacquin 
Planted ornamental in village. 
Cosmopolitan in cultivation, of tropical Ameri- 
Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31560 (US). 
can origin. 
References 
Beechey, F. W. Corte, F. de la 
1831. Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering's Memoirs of Don Felipe de la Corte's Eleven Years 
Strait . . . , 2 volumes. London. as Governor of Guam 1855-1866. Guam Recorder, 
1926. 
Corner, E. J. H. 3~96-98, 108-109, 126-127, 138-140, 158-160, 170-174, 
1965. Check-list of Ficus in Asia and Australasia with 214-216, 226-229, 242-244, 254-257. 
Keys to Identification. Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore), Memoirs of Don Felipe de la Corte's Eleven Years 
21 : 1-86. as Governor of Guam 1855-1866. Guam Recorder, 
1927. 
44 SMITHSONIAN COA'TRIBUTIOSS TO BOTANY 
3~270-271, 282-283, 298-299, 310-313, 328-331, 344- 
348. 
Corwin, G., L. D. Bonham, M. J. Terman, and G. W. Viele 
1957. Military Geology of Pagan, Mariana Islands. 250 
pages. Intelligence Division, Office of the Engineer, 
Headquarters, United States Army, [Tokyo], Japan. 
Beitrage zur Flora von Mikronesien und Polynesien, 
111. Botanische Jahrbiicher, 59: 1-29. 
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Pacific Science, 12:li-20. 
The Vegetation of Micronesia, 1: General Descrip- 
tions, the Vegetation of the Marianas Islands, and a 
Detailed Consideration of the Vegetation of Guam. 
Bulletin of the American hluseuni of Natural His- 
Diels, L. 
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Fosberg, F. R. 
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tory, 11931-75. 
Fosberg, F. R., and G. Corwin 
1938. A Fossil Flora from Pagan, Mariana Islands. Pacific 
Science, 12: 3-16. 
Flora of Micronesia, 1 : Gymnospermae. Smithsonian 
Contributions to Botany, 20: 1-13. 
Reise nach den nordlichen Marianen. Mittkeilungen 
aus den deutscken Schutzgebieten der Sudsee, 15: 
Fosberg, F. R., and M.-H. Sachet 
1975. 
Fritz, G. 
1902. 
96-1 18. 
Gaudichaud, C. 
1826. Botanique. In M. Louis de Freycinet, Voyage autour 
du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi . . . execute 
sur les corvettes de S. M. 1'Uranie et la Physicienne 
pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. 522 pages. 
Paris. 
Hatusinia, S. 
1936. Materials for a Flora of Micronesia, Rubiaceae I: 
Hedyotideae. Transactions of the A'atural History 
Society of Formosa, 26:217-226. 
Preliminary Account of the Vegetation of the Mari- 
anne Islands Group. Bulletin of the Biogeographical 
Society of Japan, 5:124-172. 
1935a. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Flora of Micronesia. Transactions of the A'atural 
History Society of Formosa, 25: (111) 17-39, (IV) 
117-128, (V) 242-247, (VI) 261-269, (VII) 434-443. 
1935b. An Enumeration of Gramineae Hitherto Known 
from Micronesia under the Japanese Mandate. 
Journal of the Society of Tropical Agriculture of 
Taihok u Un iuersity, 7: 309-325. 
1936. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Flora of Micronesia. Transactions of the Natural 
History Society of Formosa, 26: (VIII) 44-51, (X) 
1937. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Flora of Micronesia. Journal of Japanese Botany, 
1940. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Flora of Micronesia. Journal of Japanese Botany, 
16: (XIX) 535-545. 
1942. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Hosokawa, T. 
1934. 
67-79, (XI) 115-126, (XII) 227-235, (XIII) 244-248. 
13: (XIV) 191-203, (XV) 274-284, (XVI) 603-617. 
Flora of Micronesia. Transactions of the Natural 
Histor)) Society of Formosa, 32: (XXIII) 5-30, 
1943. Materials of the Botanical Research towards the 
Flora of Micronesia. Acta phytotaxonomica et 
geobotanica, 13: (XXVI) 163-171. 
(XXIV) 101-105, (XXV) 283-288. 
Kanehira, R. 
1934. [A Botanical Excursion to the Northern Marianas 
Islands.] Botany and Zoology [Shokubutsu oyobi 
1935a. An Enumeration of Micronesian Plants. Journal of 
the Department of Agriculture, Kyshu Uniuersity, 
1935b. Plantae novae Micronesicae. Transactions of the 
A'atural History Society of Formosa, 25: 1-10. 
1938. 
Sew or Soteworthy Trees from Micronesia (XX). 
The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo), 52:235-241. 
1964. The Cyperaceae of Micronesia. Micronesica, l(1): 
DBbuts~], 2:913-922. 
4:237-464. 
Koyama, T. 
59-1 12. 
Kramer, K. C. 
1970. The Lindsaeoid Ferns of the Old TVorld, V: The 
Smaller Pacific Islands. Blumea, 18:157-194. 
Voyage de La Perouse autozir du monde . . . . 4 
volumes. Paris. 
La Perouse, J. F. de 
1797. 
lf Lehne, P. H., and C. Gabler. 
IVohldorf. 
Rapport general sur une mission aux iles Mariannes. 
A'ouuelles Archives des Missions Scientifiques et 
LittCraires, 1 :241-280. 
Grasses of Micronesia. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo), 
1972. Uber die hlarianen. 47 pages. West Germany: 
Warche, A. 
1891. 
Ohwi, J. 
1941. 
55:937-552. 
Sachet, M.-H., and F. R. Fosberg 
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1971. 
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Island Bibliographies Supplement, 427 pages, \$'ash- 
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printed 1970.1 
Stone, B. C. 
1971. 
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Yuncker, T. G. 
1959. 
Index to Families 
Acanthaceae, 40 
Agavaceae. See Liliaceae 
Aizoaceae, 24 
Amaranthaceae, 23 
Amaryllidaceae. See Liliaceae 
Anacardiaceae, 31 
Annonaceae, 25 
Apocynaceae, 36 
Araceae, 17 
Araliaceae, 35 
Balanophoraceae, 23 
Batidaceae, 23 
Bombacaceae, 33 
Boraginaceae, 38 
Bromeliaceae, 18 
Capparidaceae, 25 
Caprifoliaceae, 41 
Caricaceae, 34 
Casuarinaceae, 20 
Combretaceae, 34 
Commelinaceae, 18 
Compositae, 42 
Convolvulaceae, 37 
Cucurbitaceae, 34 
Cyatheaceae, 10 
Cyperaceae, 15 
Dioscoreaceae, 19 
Euphorhiaceae, 29 
Flagellariaceae, 18 
Gleicheniaceae, 6 
Goodeniaceae, 41 
Gramineae, 11 
Guttiferae, 33 
Hernandiaceae, 25 
Labiatae, 39 
Lauraceae, 25 
Lecythidaceae, 35 
Leguminosae, 26 
Liliaceae, 18 
Loganiaceae, 36 
Lycopodiaceae, 6 
Lythraceae, 34 
Malvaceae, 32 
Marantaceae, 19 
Marattiaceae, 6 
Melastomataceae, 35 
Meliaceae, 29 
Musaceae, 19 
hlyoporaceae, 40 
hlyrtaceae, 35 
Nyctaginaceae, 24 
Oleaceae, 36 
Orchidaceae, 19 
Oxalidaceae, 29 
Palmae, 17 
Pandanaceae, 10 
Passifloraceae, 34 
Piperaceae, 20 
Polygonaceae, 23 
Polypodiaceae, 6 
Portulacaceae, 24 
Primulaceae, 36 
Psilotaceae, 6 
Rhamnaceae, 31 
Rubiaceae, 40 
Rutaceae. 29 
Sapindaceae, 31 
Sapotaceae, 35 
Scrophulariaceae, 40 
Solanaceae, 39 
Sterculiaceae, 33 
Taccaceae, 19 
Theaceae, 33 
Tiliaceae, 31 
Ulmaceae, 21 
Umbelliferae, 39 
Urticaceae, 22 
T?erbenaceae, 38 
Zingiberaceae, 19 
45 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRlNTlNG OFFICE: 1975--58&977/11