# Patent

## Title
Magnet retaining arrangement

## Abstract

The present invention provides a permanent magnet rotor arrangement that is particularly suitable for low-speed large-diameter electrical generators. The arrangement includes a rotor 2 having a radially outer rim 4. A circumferential array of magnet carriers 12 is affixed to the outer rim 4 of the rotor and have a radially outer surface. An inverted U-shaped pole piece retainer 18 made of non-magnetic material such as stainless steel is affixed to each magnet carrier 12 and is formed with an axially extending channel. At least one pole piece 16 made of a magnetic material such as steel is located adjacent to the radially outer surface of each magnet carrier 12 and in the channel formed in its associated pole piece retainer 18.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a magnet retaining arrangement, and in particular to an arrangement for retaining permanent magnets on the outside of a permanent magnet rotor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
EP 1309067 discloses a permanent magnet retaining arrangement that is suitable for high speed motors. The arrangement includes a rotor where a spaced array of pole pieces made of a laminated magnetic material are mechanically secured to the rim of the rotor by key members held by screws. A magnet is held in position between each pair of pole pieces by a slot wedge that is made of a non-magnetic material. The slot wedge includes grooves in its opposite edges for receiving projections formed on the adjacent pole pieces. An inverted U-shaped retainer is located in the space between the magnet and its associated slot wedge to enclose the magnet during high speed rotation of the rotor. The retainer is made of a non-magnetic material and has inner surfaces that conform to the rectangular periphery of the magnet, a radially outer surface that engages with the radially inner surface of the slot wedge and circumferential outer surfaces that conform to corresponding surfaces on the adjacent pole pieces. A circumferential outer wrap of fibre-reinforced polymer material surrounds the entire peripheral surface of the rotor structure.
This method of fixing is only really appropriate for rotors with pole pieces and magnets arranged so that the flux in the magnets passes predominantly in the circumferential direction. A disadvantage of this method is the need for high accuracy in the manufacture of the U-shaped retainers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a permanent magnet rotor arrangement comprising a rotor having a rim, a circumferential array of magnet carriers affixed to the rim of the rotor, each magnet carrier having a surface, an inverted U-shaped pole piece retainer made of non-magnetic material affixed to each magnet carrier and formed with a channel, and at least one pole piece made of permanent magnet material located adjacent to the surface of each magnet carrier and in the channel formed in its associated pole piece retainer.
The rotor arrangement can be such that the rotor is located within a fixed stator. In this case, the circumferential array of magnet carriers is preferably affixed to a radially outer rim of the rotor and each pole piece is preferably located adjacent to a radially outer surface of each magnet carrier. However, the rotor arrangement can also be such that the rotor is located outside a fixed stator. In this case, the circumferential array of magnet carriers is preferably affixed to a radially inner rim of the rotor and each pole piece is preferably located adjacent to a radially inner surface of each magnet carrier.
Clearances between the pole pieces and the pole piece retainers can be filled with any suitable non-metallic material such as epoxy resin, with or without a filler, polymers such as polyurethane and polyesters, and vacuum impregnated fibres or felt, for example.
The rotor arrangement of the present invention is particularly suitable for rotors in which the flux passes through the pole pieces predominantly in the radial direction. The advantages of the rotor arrangement are simplicity of construction, the ability to pre-assemble complete pole arrangements and the ease with which the pole pieces may be removed and replaced. The requirements for the dimensional tolerances of the pole piece retainers are modest resulting in low manufacturing costs.
Each magnet carrier is preferably located in the channel of its associated pole piece retainer. Each magnet carrier and its associated pole piece retainer preferably extend axially along the outer rim of the rotor.
An axial array of pole pieces of magnetic material is preferably located adjacent to the radially outer surface of each magnet carrier and in the channel formed in its associated pole piece retainer. The pole pieces associated with each magnet carrier and pole piece retainer can be located in abutment with each other in the axial direction.
The magnet carriers are preferably made of magnetic material such as steel, for example.
Each magnet carrier can be mounted in a recess in the radially outer rim of the rotor.
The magnet carriers can be affixed to the radially outer rim of the rotor using any suitable means. Mechanical fixings such as screws or bolts can be used. The magnet carriers can also be adhesively bonded to the radially outer rim of the rotor. The magnet carriers can also be shaped to allow them to be affixed to the radially outer rim of the rotor. One way of achieving this would be to provide a radially inner part of each magnet carrier with a dovetail or shaped projection that can be received in one of a circumferential array of complementary recesses in the radially outer rim of the rotor. The magnet carriers could then be secured in position within the recesses using known fixings such as tapered keys, for example.
The pole piece retainers are preferably made of a non-magnetic material such as stainless steel or glass-reinforced epoxy resin, for example.
Each pole piece retainer can be affixed to its associated magnet carrier using any suitable means. For example, the pole piece retainer can be affixed using mechanical fixings such as screws or bolts. The pole piece retainer can also be adhesively bonded or welded directly to its associated magnet carrier or clipped into position. In the latter case, it is possible for each pole piece retainer to be affixed to its associated magnet carrier by engaging a part of the pole piece retainer with or behind a part of the magnet carrier. A combination of one or more fixing means can be used.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial axial cross section view of a permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detail view of the permanent magnet rotor arrangement of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the pole piece retainer that forms part of the permanent magnet rotor arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a partial radial cross section view showing the pole piece retainer, magnet retainer, rotor rim and an axial array of pole pieces that form part of the permanent magnet rotor arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, a permanent magnet rotor arrangement for a low-speed large-diameter electrical generator includes a rotor 2 having an outer rim 4 that is mounted to rotate within a fixed stator 6 having a circumferential array of slots 8 formed in its radially inner surface.
The radially outer surface of the rim 4 includes a circumferential array of axially-extending recesses 10. An axially-extending bar or magnet carrier 12 made of a magnetic material such as steel is located in each of the recesses. Each magnet carrier 12 is secured to the rim 4 of the rotor 2 by a series of axially spaced screws 14 that extend radially through apertures in the rim into screw-threaded apertures in the magnet carrier. Other ways of securing the magnet carriers 12 to the rim 4 of the rotor can be used as appropriate.
As best shown in FIG. 4, an axial array of permanent magnet pole pieces 16 are positioned on top of each of the magnet carriers 12 and are held in position by an axially-extending pole piece retainer 18. The pole pieces 16 sit in a shallow recess formed in the radially outer surface of the underlying magnet carrier 12 and are in abutment with each other in the axial direction. Each pole piece retainer 18 has an inverted U-shape configuration such that it has a circumferentially extending surface 18a that is separated from the radially inner surface of the stator 6 by an air gap. Each pole piece retainer 18 also includes two radially extending sidewalls 18b that are secured to the associated magnet carrier 12 on both sides by a series of axially spaced screws 20. The screws 20 extend circumferentially through apertures 22 in the sidewalls 18b of the pole piece retainer 18 into screw-threaded apertures in the side of the magnet carrier 12. Although not shown in the drawings, the free edge of each sidewall 18b may terminate in an inwardly facing flange that in use lies between the magnet carrier and the radially outer surface of the rim. When the pole piece retainer 18 is secured to the associated magnet carrier 12, the surfaces 18b extend alongside the radially outer surfaces of the axial array of pole pieces 16 and radially inner parts of the sidewalls 18b lie against the side surfaces of the magnet carrier 12. The two sidewalls 18b therefore define an axially extending channel 24 that is filled by the magnet carrier 12 and the axial array of pole pieces 16. Radially outer parts of the sidewalls 18b that are aligned with the pole pieces 16 are separated from the side surfaces of the pole pieces by a small gap 26. This gap 26 accommodates the radius in the corner of each pole piece retainer 18 and minimises the need to chamfer the corners of the pole pieces 16. In order to provide a reliable reaction surface for the circumferential surfaces acting on the pole pieces 16, the gap 26 is filled with any suitable non-metallic material such as epoxy resin, with or without a filler, polymers such as polyurethane and polyesters, and vacuum impregnated fibres or felt, for example.
Conventionally, the pole pieces 16 are bonded to the magnet carriers 12 with an adhesive but the long-term efficacy of this is not guaranteed and one of the purposes of the pole piece retainers is therefore to retain the magnets that become detached from the magnet carriers.
Each pole is usually formed from an axial array of pole pieces 16 that would tend to move apart axially if the adhesive bond with the associated magnet carrier 12 failed (or if the assembly were made without the use of adhesive at all). The pole piece retainers 18 may therefore have closed ends (one of which 28 is shown in FIG. 4) to prevent this movement. Alternatively, end-stops can be incorporated into the magnet carriers 12, or bolted or otherwise secured to either the magnet carriers or the rim of the rotor 2. Other options for preventing axial movement of the pole pieces 16 relative to the associated magnet carrier 12 and pole piece retainer 18 can be employed.
The pole piece retainers 18 can be formed from any non-magnetic material such as stainless steel or glass-reinforced epoxy resin, for example.
In an alternative arrangement that is not shown, the pole piece retainer 18 can be adhered, welded, clipped or otherwise secured to its associated magnet carrier 12 without the need for the screws. For example, the free ends of the sidewalls 18b can be adapted to be engaged with complementary features such as recesses formed on the side surfaces of the magnet carrier 12.

## Claims

1. A permanent magnet rotor arrangement comprising:
a rotor having a rim;
a circumferential array of magnet carriers affixed to a radially outer surface of the rim of the rotor, each magnet carrier being made of magnetic material and having a radially outer surface;
an inverted U-shaped pole piece retainer made of non-magnetic material affixed to each magnet carrier and formed with a channel;
an axial array of pole pieces made of permanent magnet material located adjacent to the radially outer surface of each magnet carrier and in the channel formed in its associated pole piece retainer, each pole piece being configured such that magnetic flux generated by the respective pole piece passes through the respective pole piece and the respective magnetic carrier in a predominantly radial direction into the rim of the rotor; and
each magnet carrier and its associated pole piece retainer extending axially along the rim of the rotor.

2. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each magnet carrier is located in the channel of its associated pole piece retainer.

3. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the magnet carriers are made of steel.

4. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each magnet carrier is mounted in a recess in the radially outer surface of the rim of the rotor.

5. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the magnet carriers are affixed to the rim of the rotor using mechanical fixings.

6. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the mechanical fixings are screws.

7. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each magnet carrier includes a shaped projection that is received in a complementary recess provided in the radially outer surface of the rim of the rotor.

8. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the magnet carriers are affixed to the radially outer surface of the rim of the rotor using tapered keys.

9. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the pole piece retainers are made of stainless steel.

10. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each pole piece retainer is affixed to its associated magnet carrier using mechanical fixings.

11. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the mechanical fixings are screws.

12. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each pole piece retainer is welded to its associated magnet carrier.

13. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each pole piece retainer is adhesively bonded to its associated magnet carrier.

14. A permanent magnet rotor arrangement comprising:
a rotor having a rim;
a circumferential array of magnet carriers affixed to a radially inner surface of the rim of the rotor, each magnet carrier being made of magnetic material and having a radially inner surface;
an inverted U-shaped pole piece retainer made of non-magnetic material affixed to each magnet carrier and formed with a channel;
an axial array of pole pieces made of permanent magnet material located adjacent to the radially inner surface of each magnet carrier and in the channel formed in its associated pole piece retainer, each pole piece being configured such that magnetic flux generated by the respective pole piece passes through the respective pole piece and the respective magnetic carrier in a predominantly radial direction into the rim of the rotor; and
each magnet carrier and its associated pole piece retainer extending axially along the rim of the rotor.

15. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each magnet carrier is located in the channel of its associated pole piece retainer.

16. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the magnet carriers are made of steel.

17. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each magnet carrier is mounted in a recess in the radially inner surface of the rim of the rotor.

18. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the magnet carriers are affixed to the rim of the rotor using mechanical fixings.

19. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 18, wherein the mechanical fixings are screws.

20. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each magnet carrier includes a shaped projection that is received in a complementary recess provided in the radially inner surface of the rim of the rotor.

21. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the magnet carriers are affixed to the radially inner surface of the rim of the rotor using tapered keys.

22. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the pole piece retainers are made of stainless steel.

23. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each pole piece retainer is affixed to its associated magnet carrier using mechanical fixings.

24. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 23, wherein the mechanical fixings are screws.

25. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each pole piece retainer is welded to its associated magnet carrier.

26. The permanent magnet rotor arrangement according to claim 14, wherein each pole piece retainer is adhesively bonded to its associated magnet carrier.