SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 16 

Distribution and Systematics 

of Foraminifera 

in the Indian River, Florida 

Martin A. Buzas 

and Kenneth P. Severin 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1982 
ABSTRAC T 

Buzas, Martin A., and Kenneth P. Severin. Distribution and Systematics of 

Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine 

Sciences, number 16, 73 pages, 25 figures, 6 tables, 11 plates, 1982.—The 

Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long estuary, is bounded on the east by a 

barrier island. Three inlets divide the barrier island, providing exchange with 

the Atlantic Ocean. Twelve areas covering the length of the estuary were 

sampled for living foraminifera. Altogether, 17,348 individuals belonging to 

94 species were identified. The mean number of individuals and the number 

of species generally increase from north to south. 

The densities of the 15 most abundant species, comprising 95% of the total 

number of living individuals, were analyzed by canonical variate analysis. 

The first canonical axis discriminated the inlets and the northernmost (Haulover) area from the rest. On the second canonical axis, the 12 areas were 

arranged in a north-to-south series. Examination of the data confirms that the 

analysis succinctly summarizes foraminiferal distribution in the Indian River. 

Taxonomic notes are given for each species, and almost all species are 

illustrated. Ishamella apertura, new genus and species, is described and illustrated. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the 

Atlantic Coast of eastern North America. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Buzas, Martin A. 

Distribution and systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida. 

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 16) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.41:16 

1. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 2. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian 

River—Geographical distribution. 3. Protozoa—Classification. 4. Protozoa—Geographical distribution. 5. Protozoa—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 6. Protozoa—Florida—Indian River—Geographical distribution. I. Severin, Kenneth P. II. Title. III. 

Series. 

QL368.F6B874 593.1'209759'28 81-607104 AACR2 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction 1 

Acknowledgments 1 

Methods 3 

Sampling Plan 3 

Field Methods 3 

Laboratory Methods 3 

Statistical Methods 3 

Distribution of Abundant Foraminifera 4 

Species Diversity 15 

Distribution of Rare Species 15 

Discussion 18 

Systematic Catalog 20 

Appendix: Number of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate 

Samples 43 

Literature Cited 48 

Plates 52 

m 
Distribution and Systematics 

of Foraminifera 

in the Indian River, Florida 

Martin A. Buzas 

and Kenneth P. Severin 

Introduction 

The Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long body 

of water on the east-central coast of Florida (Figure 1), is a euryhaline and eurythermal estuary. 

Bounded on the east by a barrier island, the 

southern half of the estuary is connected with the 

Atlantic Ocean by three inlets: Sebastian, Fort 

Pierce (Jim's Flat of this study), and St. Lucie. 

All the inlets are maintained artificially. The 

northern end of the estuary is connected to the 

ocean via Haulover Canal, which links the estuary to the Mosquito Lagoon and the Ponce de 

Leon Inlet 40 km farther north. 

The average depth of the Indian River is about 

1.5 m; the greatest depths, about 3.5 m, occur in 

the Intracoastal Waterway and other dredged 

boat channels. The substrate is quartz sand with 

a low percentage of silt and clay. Because of the 

shallow depths, the waters of the estuary are 

influenced by a combination of tidal flushing, 

surface drainage, rainfall, and wind conditions. 

Near the inlets, estuarine water is exchanged 

with the Atlantic Ocean on a semidiurnal basis 

and has little variation in salinity and only seaMartin A. Buzas, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of 

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C 

20560. Kenneth P. Severin, Department of Geology, University of 

California, Davis, California 95616. 

sonal differences in temperature (Table 1). In the 

portions of the river away from the inlets, however, the tidal influence is almost negligible, and 

conditions are determined by nontidal effects. In 

general, the range of variation in temperature 

and salinity decreases from north to south (Table 

1), whereas the average increases. An overall gradient of decreasing environmental variability 

from north to south was pointed out by Young et 

al. (1976), Young and Young (1977), and Nelson 

et al. (1982). 

Although the foraminifera of the bays and 

estuaries of the northeastern continental margin 

of North America are relatively well studied, very 

little information exists from the shallower waters 

of the southeastern portion of the continent (Culver and Buzas, 1980). The purpose of the present 

investigation is to document the distribution and 

systematics of the foraminifera from the major 

estuary in east-central Florida. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank M. Abrams, 

R. Bronson, K. Carle, M. Cavanaugh, G. Heim, 

A. Lanham, C. Leibhauser, C. McCloy, and S. 

Pohanka for help in the laboratory. The samples 

were collected by K. Carle, D. Mook, and D. 

Young. The foraminifera and figures were drawn 

by Lawrence Isham. J. Piraino operated the 

SEM, and T. Smoyer assisted greatly in the darkroom. D. Dean prepared specimens for sectioning. 

1 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

St. Lucie Transect 

FIGURE 1.—Sampling localities. 

C. G. Adams and J. Whittaker provided access to icisms of the manuscript, and, finally, we thank 

several specimens in the British Museum (NH). June Jones for typing it. 

D. Dance and H. Marshall assisted in the com- This is contribution number 234 from the Harputer analysis. S. J. Culver provided helpful crit- bor Branch Foundation. 
NUMBER 16 

TABLE 1.—Ranges of temperature and salinity in the Indian 

River (except where noted, all data are from Nelson et al., 

1982) 

Haulover 

Banana 

Sebastian (Inlet) 

Vero Beach 

(Mook, 1980) 

Link Port 

Ft. Pierce (Inlet) 

(Mook, 1980) 

Herman's Bay 

(Wilcox and Gilmore, 1977) 

St. Lucie (Inlet) 

Temperature 

CC) 

11-34 

15-35 

14-30 

15-30 

12-32 

17-28 

14-29 

18-32 

Salinity 

(%>) 

20-46 

18-40 

25-36 

25-35 

20-38 

33-34 

22-32 

28-36 

Methods 

SAMPLING PLAN.—The samples for this study 

were taken in 1975 and 1976. The sampling 

program consisted of either single stations or stations located along a transect (Figure 1). At each 

transect station, two replicate cores were taken. 

One replicate from the John's Island transect was 

lost. The inlets (Sebastian, Jim's Flat at Fort 

Pierce, and St. Lucie) and Haulover and Banana 

consisted of single stations with four replicates. A 

replicate from the Banana station was lost. Table 

2 lists the locations, the number of replicates (or 

observations), the date of sampling, and the latitude and longitude of each locality. 

FIELD METHODS.—Samples were taken by inserting 3.5 cm diameter plastic core liners into the 

sediment by hand or, in deeper water, by attaching them to a long pole. Upon recovery the 

samples were fixed with neutralized formalin. 

LABORATORY METHODS.—On return to the laboratory, the top 20 ml of sediment was removed 

from the cores, washed over a 63 /xm sieve, and 

stored in 95% ethanol. Before examination, the 

sample was stained for about 24 hours with rose 

bengal, washed once more over a 63 /xm sieve, 

rinsed with acetone, and dried. The sample then 

was floated twice in a mixture of bromoform and 

acetone (specific gravity 2.4). The floated portion 

of the sample was re-wet, and the stained foraminifera was picked out and placed on a micropaleontologic slide for sorting, identification, and 

enumeration. 

STATISTICAL METHODS.—The sampling plan 

was designed so that replicates were taken at all 

locations. This allows the data to be analyzed by 

canonical variate analysis, also called multiple 

discriminant analysis. The use of this method for 

faunal analysis was described by Buzas (1967). 

The computer program used for the analysis is 

part of the Statistical Package for the Social 

Sciences (SPSS). All densities were transformed 

to ln (x+1) before analysis to insure stability of 

variances and to increase Normality. 

For each sampling location, the information 

function and a measure of equitability were calTABLE 2.—Sampling localities and dates of sampling, listed from north to south 

Location 

Haulover station 

Banana station 

Sebastian Inlet station 

John's Island transect 

Vero Beach transect 

Link Port transect 

Jim's Flat (inlet) station 

Buoy 195 transect 

Herman's Bay transect 

Jensen Beach transect 

St. Lucie transect 

St. Lucie Inlet station 

No. of replicates 

4 

3 

4 

4 (2 stations) 

5 (3 stations) 

10 (5 stations) 

6 (3 stations) 

4 

10 (5 stations) 

10 (5 stations) 

10 (5 stations) 

10 (5 stations) 

4 

Date sampled 

30 Jun 

30 Jun 

26 Jun 

12 Feb 

1975 

1975 

1975 

1976 

2 Mar 1976 

7 Sep 

18 Dec 

25 Ju n 

12 Jan 

17 Feb 

22 Apr 

17 Feb 

25 Jun 

1977 

1975 

1975 

1976 

1976 

1976 

1976 

1975 

Latitude/Longitude 

28°44.1'N/80°45.5'W 

28°12.0'N/80°37.0'W 

27°51.5'N/80°27.6'W 

27°41.6'N/80°23.4'W 

27°41.6'N/80°23.4'W 

27o37.rN/80°22.0'W 

27°32.rN/80°20.9'W 

27o28.4'N/80°19.0'W 

27o24.2'N/80°17.6'W 

27o19.7'N/80°15.0'W 

27o15.2'N/80o13.1'W 

27o10.9'N/80o11.2'W 

27°11.0'N/80°10.rW 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

culated. The information function was calculated 

from the formula 

H = -2pi In pt, 

and equability from the formula 

S' 

where e is the base of the natural logarithms, and 

S is the number of species (Buzas and Gibson, 

1969). 

Distribution of Abundant Foraminifera 

Of the 94 species recorded in the Indian River, 

few were abundant. We arbitrarily chose the 15 

most abundant species for canonical variate analysis. These 15 species represent about 95% of the 

total living population. The first analysis was 

made using each station as a separate group. The 

results were difficult to interpret, and so we decided on a simpler scheme. Inspection of the data 

showed little difference among stations in transects; consequently, all stations within transects 

were treated as a single group. This divided the 

samples into the 12 groups shown in Figure 1 and 

Table 2. The number of replicates varies from 

area to area and also is shown in Table 2. In all, 

there are N = 83 observations, h = 12 areas, and 

p = 15 species. 

Canonical variate, or multiple discriminant, 

analysis emphasizes the difference between mean 

vectors in a p-dimensional space. The first canonical axis is placed as close as possible to the 

ends of the mean vectors, the second at right 

angles to the first, and so on. When p>h, there 

are only h—1 possible canonical variates. While 

this reduction in the number of dimensions is 

advantageous, an even greater advantage is that 

the first canonical variate will account for most 

of the variability, the second much less, and so 

on. In addition, each canonical variate is statistically independent and of unit variance, which 

greatly facilitates comparison of the results. 

In the grouping used, there are h—1 = 11 

possible eigenvalues. Of these, the first six were 

significant at the 95% level, using the criterion 

provided by the SPSS program used for the analysis. These eigenvalues, the percent of the variability accounted for, and their cumulative percent are shown in Table 3. 

The first six mean canonical variates are shown 

in Table 4. Mean canonical variate 1 contrasts 

Haulover, Sebastian, Jim's Flat, and St. Lucie 

Inlet against the other areas. In other words, the 

first mean canonical variate, accounting for 37% 

of the total variability, indicates that Haulover 

and the inlets are quite distinct from the other 

areas. The second canonical variate, accounting 

for 17% of the total variability, contrasts the 

northern areas against the southern areas (Table 

4). A plot of mean canonical variate 1 vs. mean 

canonical variate 2 (with 95% confidence circles) 

is shown in Figure 2. The inlets and Haulover are 

discriminated clearly from the remaining stations 

and from one another. The inlets and other areas 

are also arranged in a north-south pattern, with 

some areas slightly out of place (Figures 1, 2). 

Figures 3 through 17 plot the mean densities of 

the 15 most abundant species at the 12 areas, and 

Table 5 lists the mean number of individuals per 

replicate (20 ml of sediment) plus some other 

useful statistics. We recall the first canonical variate contrasted Haulover, Sebastian, Jim's Flat, 

St. Lucie Inlet, and the remaining areas. By 

examining the canonical discriminate function 

coefficients (Table 6), we can determine the species mainly responsible for this contrast. In order 

of importance, these species are: Gaudryina exilis 

(Figure 12), Cyclogyra planorbis (Figure 7), Elphidium gunteri (Figure 9), Bolivina striatula (Figure 5), 

Nonionella auricula (Figure 13), Rosalina floridana 

TABLE 3.—The first six eigenvalues arranged in decreasing 

order with the percentage of variability accounted for 

Eigenvalue 

4.44 

2.04 

1.35 

1.08 

1.05 

0.82 

Percent of 

variability 

37.36 

17.20 

11.37 

9.06 

8.87 

6.93 

Cumulative 

percent 

37.36 

54.56 

65.93 

74.99 

83.86 

90.79 
NUMBER 16 

TABLE 4.—Mean canonical variates for the first six variates (localities listed from north to 

south) 

Area 

Haulover 

Banana 

Sebastian 

John's Island 

Vero Beach 

Link Port 

Jim's Flat 

Buoy 195 

Herman's Bay 

Jensen Beach 

St. Lucie transect 

St. Lucie Inlet 

CV 1 

4.03 

-1.00 

2.01 

-0.52 

-1.45 

-1.86 

5.15 

-1.49 

-0.01 

-0.81 

-0.31 

3.58 

CV2 

-1.32 

-2.50 

-1.57 

-2.04 

-1.20 

0.02 

0.30 

1.22 

0.20 

0.87 

1.63 

1.73 

CV 3 

0.56 

-0.13 

-2.64 

-0.25 

0.09 

-0.35 

1.26 

-0.17 

2.12 

0.02 

-0.67 

-1.52 

CV 4 

-0.89 

0.32 

1.47 

0.95 

-1.69 

-0.74 

-0.17 

1.22 

0.73 

-0.02 

-0.66 

-0.40 

CV 5 

-1.69 

-0.32 

-0.80 

0.35 

0.62 

0.87 

0.84 

0.61 

0.03 

-1.13 

-1.07 

2.25 

CV 6 

0.14 

1.06 

-1.00 

0.09 

0.60 

-1.80 

1.08 

1.13 

-0.99 

0.05 

0.06 

-0.52 

TABLE 5.—Mean number of living individuals at Indian River localities 

JOHN'S VERO JIM1 

SPECIES HAULOVER BANANA SEBASTIAN ISLAND BEACH LINKPORT FLAT 

AMMONIA BECCARII 37.75 

BOLIVINA STRIATULA 7.25 

(JU1NOULLOCUL1NA SEMINULA 46.50 

QUINUUELOCULINA IMPRESSA 17.75 

BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA 1.00 

ELPH1L1UM MEXICANUM 7.75 

ELPHIDIUM EXCAVA1UM 4.75 

NONIONELLA AURICULA 0.25 

ELPHIDIUM GUNTEHI 0.25 

CYCLUvJKHA PLANORBIS 7.25 

ROSALINA tLORIUANA 0.00 

ROSALINA GLOBULARIS 0.50 

GAUDHK1NA EXILIS 0.00 

ELPHIOIUM KUGLErtI 1.50 

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS 0.00 

MEAN TOTAL OF ABUNDANT SPECIES.... 132.50 

MEAN TOTAL OF ALL SPECIES 139.50 

H 1.929 

E 0.32B 

NUMBER OF SPECIES 21 

NUMBtK Ot OBSERVATIONS 4 

TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 558 

BUOY 

195 

HERMAN' 

BAY 

JENSFN ST. LUCIE ST. LUCIE GRAND 

BEACH TRANSECT INLET MEAN 

45.67 

0.00 

3.00 

76.33 

0.00 

1.67 

10.00 

0.00 

4.33 

o.uo 

o.oo 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.67 

1.3J 

143.00 

149.33 

1.361 

0.325 

12 

3 

448 

.75 

147.50 

149.50 

1.771 

0.326 

598 

97.67 

23.56 

8.67 

19.22 

15.89 

0.44 

13.11 

0.00 

0.44 

0.44 

90.30 

12.40 

10.10 

14.80 

2.10 

10.60 

2.80 

0.10 

22.00 

0.00 

6.00 

2.00 

69.17 

12.67 

4.50 

7.83 

0.00 

78.00 177.40 

9.50 50.50 

44.25 5.80 

27.50 1.10 

13.00 30.30 

10.25 1.50 

2.25 8.50 

6.50 6.10 

0.00 1.20 

22.00 0.00 

0.00 

1.25 

1.25 

3.50 

2.10 

8.30 

0.00 5.50 2.90 

75.90 

87.00 

12.40 

7.10 

21.70 

0.50 

0.90 

16.40 

1.70 

0.20 

0.80 

0.70 

0.20 

1.10 

0.00 

177.78 176.60 113.50 224.75 300.30 226.60 

182.22 186.00 118.33 254.50 316.10 249.90 

1,783 1.953 1.646 

0.213 0.214 0.216 

1640 lflbO 710 

2.283 1.712 2.011 

0.327 0.10S 0.144 

30 53 52 

4 10 10 

1018 3161 2499 

16.20 

8.90 

80.70 

93.90 

2.451 

0.237 

38.70 

4.70 

24.50 

16.40 

2.10 

11.40 

0.10 

0.60 

275.80 

292.30 

1.997 

0.142 

in 

2923 

74.75 

23.25 

70.25 

15.75 

17.50 

7.50 

1.75 

3.00 

0.25 

234.75 

248.50 

2.145 

0.231 

80.8 7 

23.5 6 

16.5 7 

15.4 1 

15.06 

8.61 

6.73 

TABLE 6.—Standardized canonical discriminant function 

coefficients 

Species 

Ammonia beccarii 

Bolivina striatula 

Quinqueloculina seminula 

Quinqueloculina impressa 

Buliminella elegantissima 

Elphidium mexicanum 

Elphidium excavatum 

Nonionella auricula 

Elphidium gunteri 

Cyclogyra planorbis 

Rosalina floridana 

Rosalina globularis 

Gaudryina exilis 

Elphidium kugleri 

Ammobaculites exilis 

Function 1 

-0.02 

0.63 

0.37 

-0.09 

0.13 

0.47 

-0.12 

-0.5 8 

-0.75 

0.85 

-0.51 

-0.10 

-0.87 

0.12 

0.28 

Function 2 

-0.38 

-0.64 

0.13 

-0.58 

0.78 

-0.17 

-0.45 

0.16 

-0.11 

0.20 

0.37 

0.39 

0.57 

0.12 

-0.16 

(Figure 16), and Elphidium mexicanum (Figure 11). 

Some of these species have higher than average 

densities at Haulover and the inlets, whereas 

others have lower than average densities. In particular, the species C. planorbis and E. mexicanum 

have higher than average densities at Haulover 

and the inlets. 

We recall that the second canonical variate 

contrasts northern and southern areas. The canonical discriminate function coefficients (Table 

6) indicate that, in order of importance, the most 

important species are Buliminella elegantissima (Figure 6), Bolivina striatula, Quinqueloculina impressa 

(Figure 14), and Gaudryina exilis (Figure 12). Quinqueloculina impressa increases in density northward, 

whereas the other species increase southward. 

Tables 5 and 6 show that the canonical variate 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

ST.LUCIE TRANSECT 

HERMAN'S BAY 

JOHN'S ISLAND 

0 1 2 3 4 

CANONICAL VARIATE I 

FIGURE 2.—Plot of mean canonical variates 1 and 2. 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND JENSEN 

BEACH 

ST. LUCIE 

INLET 

FIGURE 3.—Mean densities oi Ammobaculites exilis at Indian River sampling sites. 
NUMBER 16 

20 Oi 

(f) 

160 3 

Q 

> 

Q 

El20 

O 

rr 

UJ 

CD 

3 

80 

40 

< 

UJ 

Ammonia beccarii 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY tm TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 Jl^H ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 4.—Mean densities oi Ammonia beccarii at Indian River sampling sites. 

IOO- I 

T 1 1 1 r 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 5.—Mean densities of Bolivina striatula at Indian River sampling sites. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

lOO-i 

CO 

_ l 

< 

80 

> 

Q 

?6C 

Li_ 

O 

rr 

W40-1 

CD ' 

20-

< 

Buliminella elegantissima 

T

5

 1 1 r 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT 

ISLANO 

JIM'S BUOY HERMANS ST. LUCIE 

FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 6.—Mean densities of Buliminella elegantissima at Indian River sampling sites. 

2 0 n 

CO 

_ l 

< 

o 

Q 

10-

LU 

CD 

Z 5-| 

Z 

< 

LU 

Cyclogyra planorbis 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 7.—Mean densities of Cyclogyra planorbis at Indian River sampling sites. 
NUMBER 16 

20 

CO 

< 

O 

>.5H 

Li_ 

o 

rr 

LU 

m 

10-

5-

< 

LU 

Elphidium excavatum 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 8.—Mean densities oi Elphidium excavatum at Indian River sampling sites. 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 JENS f . N

 ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 9.—Mean densities oi Elphidium gunteri at Indian River sampling sites. 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

10-

CO 

_ l • 

< 

| 8 

> 

Q 

2 * 

Elphidium kugleri 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 10.—Mean densities oi Elphidium kugleri at Indian River sampling sites. 

3 0 i 

CO 

_l 

< 

I

2 5 

> 

920H 

15-

10-

< 5-| 

UJ 

Elphidium mexicanum 

— i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 —i 1 1 , 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 J !2?J:£! ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 11.—Mean densities oi Elphidium mexicanum at Indian River sampling sites. 
NUMBER 16 11 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMANS ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 JEN . ? E N

 ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 12.—Mean densities oi Gaudryina exilis at Indian River sampling sites. 

20-i 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY ,_„ _ TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 J l55!:fl ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 13.—Mean densities oi Nonionella auricula at Indian River sampling sites. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

100-| 

CO 

_ l 

< 

3 80 

> 

O 

— 60 

40 

20-

< 

LU 

Quinqueloculina impressa 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

FIGURE 14.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina impressa at Indian River sampling sites. 

IOO-I 

CO 

_ l 

< 

> 

? 60-| 

U_ 

o 

tr 

4 0 -

20-

< 

LU 

Quinqueloculina seminula 

— i 1 1 1 1 1 1 — 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 15.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina seminula at Indian River sampling sites. 
NUMBER 16 13 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 J IS!f, N

 ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 16.—Mean densities oi Rosalina floridana at Indian River sampling sites. 

\0-i 

CO 

- I 

< 

3 

Q 8 

> 

Q 

Z 

;z6 

o 

CC 

UJ 

CD 4 

< 

UJ 

2 -

Rosalina globular/s 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMANS ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 J lt!?I/! 1

 ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLE T 

FIGURE 17.—Mean densities oi Rosalina globulans at Indian River sampling sites. 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

300 

CO 

_ l 

< 

I 250 

> 

200-

150-

100 

< 50 

UJ 

Total living individuals per replicate (20ml) 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY 

ISLAND 

ST. LUCIE 

TRANSECT 

JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 18.—Mean densities of total living population at Indian River sampling sites. 

analysis used a combination of some of the more 

abundant species, such as Bolivina striatula and 

Buliminella elegantissima, as well as some of the less 

abundant ones, such as Gaudryina exilis and Elphidium gunteri, for discriminating the various areas. 

The most abundant species, Ammonia beccarii, is of 

little importance in the analysis as it occurs abundantly everywhere (Figure 4). 

The third, fourth, fifth and sixth canonical 

variates are statistically significant (Table 3) and 

together account for about 36% of the total variance. They do not, however, provide any particularly interpretable contrasts. Perhaps the only 

information that can be gleaned from them is 

that the Indian River is extremely variable, a fact 

confirmed by the canonical analysis attempted 

on the individual stations. 

We will briefly review where each species has 

its maximum or peak density relative to other 

areas. For standardization, we define a peak density as one exceeding twice the average density of 

the species over the entire area. 

At the Haulover station, Cyclogyra planorbis and 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Figure 15) exhibit peak 

densities. The Banana station has a maximum 

density achieved by Q. impressa, five times its 

average density. At Sebastian Inlet, Elphidium 

mexicanum attains its maximum density, four times 

greater than average. The John's Island transect 

has peak densities for E. excavatum (Figure 8) and 

E. gunteri. At the Vero Beach transect, E. gunteri 

and Rosalina floridana reach their maximum densities of four to five times their average densities. 

The Link Port transect also has a peak density 

for R. floridana. Jim's Flat has maximum densities 

for Ammobaculites exilis (Figure 3), C. planorbis, and 

E. kugleri (Figure 10). Quinqueloculina seminula is 

also abundant at Jim's Flat. The Buoy 195 transect has a maximum density for Ammonia beccarii 

(Figure 4), by far the most abundant species in 

the Indian River (Table 5). Ammobaculites exilis, 

Bolivina striatula, Buliminella elegantissima, E. kugleri, 

and G. exilis also have high densities at the Buoy 

195 transect. The Herman's Bay transect has 

maximum densities for Bolivina striatula, the second most abundant species in the Indian River, 

and Nonionella auricula. At Jensen Beach all species 

have densities below their average, except for G. 

exilis, which maintains its average density. The 

St. Lucie transect has maximum densities for G. 

exilis and R. globularis (Figure 17). Nonionella auricula and Q. seminula are also abundant. The St. 

Lucie Inlet has maximum densities for Buliminella 

elegantissima and E. excavatum. The species C. plan-
NUMBER 16 15 

orbis, E. kugleri, and R. globularis also have high 

densities at the St. Lucie Inlet. 

This brief review indicates that various areas 

in the Indian River are characterized or discriminated by different abundances of the 15 most 

common species. The trend of increasing density 

southward is shown clearly in Figure 18, which 

plots the mean number of total living individuals 

per 20-ml replicate. With the exception of the 

Jensen Beach transect, the density of foraminifera 

clearly increases in a southerly direction. 

Species Diversity 

The number of species found at the 12 areas is 

plotted on Figure 19 and listed in Table 5. In 

general there is an increase in the number of 

species encountered to the south. The greatest 

number of species was found at Buoy 195, Herman's Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie transect. 

In the northern half of the Indian River, Vero 

Beach had the greatest number of species encountered. 

Table 5 lists the values for the information 

function //a t the 12 areas, and Figure 20 is a plot 

of them. The same trend of increasing species 

diversity to the south is evident. Because the 

information function gives less weight to rare 

species, the amplitude of the curve is diminished. 

Some other differences are also notable. Maxima 

for the information function occur at Jim's Flat 

and Jensen Beach, and an increase rather than a 

decrease occurs from St. Lucie transect to St. 

Lucie Inlet. This happens because the value of 

information function depends not only on the 

number of species but also upon their equitability 

(Gibson and Buzas, 1973). 

A measure of species equitability, E (Buzas and 

Gibson, 1969), is listed in Table 5 and plotted on 

Figure 21. At Haulover, Banana, and Sebastian, 

equitability is nearly constant, and the information function's curve closely resembles the species 

number plot. At John's Island, Vero Beach, and 

Link Port, the equitability values are again constant but at a lower level, and the plot of the 

information function still resembles the species 

number plot. The Jim's Flat station has a rise in 

species equitability, whereas Buoy 195 has a decrease. The information function mimics this pattern and shows a higher value at Jim's Flat than 

at Buoy 195, the opposite of the species number 

plot. The same situation occurs at the remaining 

southern stations so that the information function 

plot closely resembles that of species equitability. 

If the criterion for "species diversity" is the information function, then maxima occur at Jim's Flat 

and Jensen Beach, areas with high equitabilities 

and number of species. If the criterion for "species 

diversity" is the number of species, then Buoy 

195, Herman's Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie 

transect would be chosen. In any case, a trend of 

increasing species diversity toward the south is 

observed. 

Because the number of species is correlated 

with the number of individuals (Buzas et al., 

1977), it is no surprise that the southern area has 

a higher number of species than the northern 

area. Figure 22 is a semilog plot of the number of 

individuals found in each area against the number of species. The areas with the greatest number 

of species, Herman's Bay, St. Lucie transect, and 

Buoy 195, are also the areas with the greatest 

numbers of individuals. The Jensen Beach transect appears as an outlier in Figure 22. Although 

10 replicates were collected in this transect, only 

939 individuals were found, making Jensen Beach 

the area with the lowest mean density in the 

entire Indian River (Table 5). Nevertheless, 49 

species were identified at Jensen Beach, and because the more abundant species occur there with 

low densities (Table 5), the equitability is higher 

than at adjacent stations. Consequently the information function reaches its maximum value at 

this transect. 

We have not had an opportunity to investigate 

whether or not this anomalous pattern of low 

number of individuals and high number of species 

at Jensen Beach is due to some unique spatial 

pattern found only at that locality. 

Distribution of Rare Species 

The 15 most abundant species comprise 95% 

of the total living population for all areas except 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

CO 

LU 

O 

LU 

0 . 

CO 

60 

50-

40 

30 

rr 

UJ 

oo 

20-

10-

HAUL0VER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMANS ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND

 J !£!& ? ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 19.—Number of species recorded at Indian River sampling sites. 

3.0 -i 

O 2.5-

IO 

z 

3 2.0-

U_ 

^ 1.5-

CC 1.0-

o 

0.5-

BU0Y HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE 

195 BAY TRANSECT 

JS2!!r£! ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 

ISLAND 

FIGURE 20.—Values of information function at Indian River sampling sites. 
NUMBER 16 17 

i.o-i 

o 

H 

O 

z 3 

U_ 

>-

H 

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CO 

< h3 

O 

UJ 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMANS ST. LUCIE 

BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT 

ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE 

BEACH INLET 

FIGURE 21.—Values of equitability function at Indian River sampling sites. 

60r 

50 

CO 

UJ 

O 

Q_ 

CO 

Li_ 

O 

* 3 0 

UJ 

GO 

20 

1 0 -

HERMAN'S BAY Q VBUO Y 195 

'ST. LUCIE TRANSECT 

JENSEN BEACH 

ST. LUCIE INLETO 

JIM'S FLAT© 

©VERO BEACH 

°JOHN'S ISLAND 

LINK PORT 

HAULOVER 

©SEBASTIAN INLET 

© BANANA S =-93.02 + 17.97 InN 

j i i i • • • • J I I I L_L_L_l 

200 1000 

NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS 

FIGURE 22.—Semilog plot of individuals vs. species in the Indian River. 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Jim's Flat, Herman's Bay, and Jensen Beach 

(Table 5). At Jim's Flat the addition of 78 Ishamella apertura specimens brings the percentage 

from 88 to 96. Ishamella apertura could have been 

included with the most abundant species, as its 

grand total (79) is comparable to that of Ammobaculites exilis (83). Because this species is a very 

unusual foraminifer (see "Systematic Catalog"), 

and all specimens except one occur at Jim's Flat, 

we decided to exclude it from the analysis of the 

abundant species. 

At Herman's Bay four rare species must be 

included to attain 95% of the total living population. These are Ammobaculites cf. exilis (53), Hopkinsina pacifica (22), Quinqueloculina poeyana (16), 

and Bolivina sp. B (13). The addition of A. cf. exilis 

alone brings the total to 95%, and it is possible 

that this species is merely a large grained form of 

A. exilis sensu stricto, which was included among 

the 15 most abundant species. 

As pointed out earlier, Jensen Beach is very 

unusual because the total living population is 

low, and yet a large number of species was recorded there. At Jensen Beach eight species must 

be added to bring the total to 95%. These are: 

Hopkinsina pacifica (40), Quinqueloculina poeyana (9), 

Elphidium advenum (8), Rosalina concinna (8), Fursenkoina fusiformis (6), Bolivina sp. B (5), Nonionella 

opima (5), and Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana (5). This 

is the only area where more than 20 species are 

required to obtain 95% of the total living population. 

The great disparity in densities among areas, 

the positive correlation between numbers of species and numbers of individuals, and the fact that 

15 species almost always make up 95% of the total 

living population suggest that the use of rare 

species to discern meaningful spatial patterns is 

extremely hazardous. Because the probability of 

encountering a rare species is low, it is difficult to 

tell whether a species was not found because of 

chance or because it really wasn't there. On the 

other hand, the relatively large number (78) of 

Ishamella apertura found at Jim's Flat while only 

one specimen was found elsewhere does suggest 

that this species may have a very restricted distribution. A similar, but more tenuous, pattern 

may exist for Hopkinsina pacifica, Quinqueloculina 

poeyana, and Bolivina sp. B. These species were 

found at the adjacent Herman's Bay and Jensen 

Beach stations and were members of those species 

that make up 95% of the total living population. 

Finally, two species occur at St. Lucie Inlet and 

St. Lucie transect and nowhere else in the Indian 

River. Peneroplis pertusus and Sorites marginalis are 

well-known tropical species. They occur abundantly in Florida Bay (Bock, 1971) and are probably at the northernmost limits of their ranges. 

Discussion 

Ideally, studies concerned with the distribution 

of organisms would sample all areas simultaneously over a long period to average out seasonal 

fluctuations in density. Unfortunately, this is 

rarely feasible due to economic and time constraints. In the present study, samples were taken 

in February, March, April, June, September, and 

December (Table 2). Data from Link Port taken 

over a four-year period (Buzas, 1978; 1982; unpublished) indicate a substantial variation in density from month to month. In general the winter 

months (December, February, and March) have 

low densities, June a moderate density, and April 

a high density. If seasonality, or time, rather than 

location were responsible for the density pattern 

observed, we would expect moderate densities at 

Haulover, Banana, Sebastian, Jim's Flat, and St. 

Lucie Inlet (all sampled in June). We would 

expect low densities at John's Island, Link Port, 

Buoy 195, Herman's Bay, and St. Lucie transect 

(all sampled in winter). Finally, we would expect 

a high density at Jensen Beach (sampled in April). 

Figure 18 clearly shows this is not the case. Instead, there is an overall increase in density southward, with the exception of Jensen Beach, which 

has the lowest density of anywhere! Therefore, we 

believe that the observed density pattern is a 

consequence of the area sampled rather than time 

of sampling. 

When studying the distribution of foraminifera, researchers usually divide the study area into 

faunal zones or biofacies (Boltovskoy and Wright, 

1976). The biofacies are defined either on the 
NUMBER 16 19 

basis of examination of the data or by the use of 

some numerical or statistical technique (Buzas, 

1979). Examination of data usually shows that 

boundaries between biofacies are rarely discrete. 

However, the use of some numerical techniques, 

such as cluster analysis, forces samples into one 

group or another, and the amount of overlap may 

not be apparent. The results of the canonical 

variate analysis performed on the 15 most abundant species in the Indian River (Figure 2) shows 

that the inlets and Haulover are distinct from 

other areas. They do not, however, form a homogeneous group themselves. Each is distinct and 

would have to be assigned its own biofacies. The 

second canonical axis shows a north-south trend 

or arrangement of areas. St. Lucie transect is 

clearly different from Banana or John's Island, 

but the confidence circles from area to area overlap. At no point is there an indication of a simple 

break dividing, for example, the area into north 

and south biofacies. Consequently, we have decided not to designate any biofacies but to allow 

Figure 2 to stand as a representation of the foraminiferal distribution in the Indian River. 

Young et al. (1976) reported an increase in 

density of decapods southward in the Indian 

River. In the adjacent ocean, Gore et al. (1978) 

found the same trend for the decapods inhabiting 

the sabellariid worm reefs that parallel the barrier 

island. On the other hand the macrobenthos, 

mostly polychaetes, exhibit a trend of decreasing 

density southward (Young et al., 1976; Young 

and Young, 1977). Amphipods inhabiting seagrass also have lower densities in southern areas 

as well as near inlets (Nelson et al., 1982). The 

decrease in density of macrobenthos and amphipods was attributed to predation by decapods on 

the former (Young et al., 1976; Young and 

Young, 1977) and by decapods and fish on the 

latter (Nelson et al., 1982). 

Predation of foraminifera is common (Lipps 

and Valentine, 1970), and experiments indicate 

that foraminiferal densities in the Indian River 

are regulated by predation (Buzas, 1978; 1982). 

Buzas and Carle (1979) found foraminifera in the 

guts of deposit feeders, among them polychaetes 

and decapods. Unfortunately we do not know 

whether one group is more important in regulating foraminiferal density than the other. Consequently we cannot speculate with confidence as 

to whether or not the increase in foraminiferal 

densities southward is due to a change in predation pressure. The increase in density does correlate positively with increasing density of decapods 

and negatively with the densities of polychaetes 

and amphipods. 

Young et al. (1976), Young and Young (1977), 

and Nelson et al. (1982) have pointed out a 

gradient of decreasing environmental variability 

toward the southern end of the Indian River. 

This decreasing gradient is positively correlated 

with the increase in foraminiferal density to the 

south. A similar pattern of higher foraminiferal 

density in an area of less environmental variability was reported by Buzas et al. (1977) in Jamaica, 

West Indies. 

Hydrographically, the inlets and Haulover differ from other areas because they represent extremes of tidal influence. The inlets experience 

strong, diurnal tidal changes, whereas Haulover, 

in the "blind" end of the River, experiences almost no tidal influence at all. Each of these areas 

is discriminated by changes in the densities of the 

most abundant foraminiferal species in the Indian 

River. While species diversity generally increases 

southward, we observed no increase in species 

diversity at the three inlets. This contrasts markedly with Gilmore (1977), who found the highest 

number offish species at inlets, and Mook (1980), 

who found an increased diversity of fouling organisms at Fort Pierce Inlet as compared to Vero 

Beach. 

No studies of foraminifera have been made in 

estuaries near the Indian River. To the north in 

Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, Grossman 

(1967) defined several biofacies. Some biofacies 

are characterized by species such as Elphidium 

excavatum and E. gunteri, which also occur in the 

Indian River. In general, however, the Pamlico 

Sound fauna is very different from the Indian 

River fauna. 

Farther south, foraminifera have been studied 

in Florida Bay and adjacent waters by Stubbs 

(1940), Bock et al. (1971), and Rose and Lidz 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

(1977). Bock (1971) and Rose and Lidz (1977) 

have defined biofacies containing abundant Ammonia beccarii, the dominant species in the Indian 

River. The foraminiferal fauna of these southern 

waters, however, does not closely resemble the 

fauna from the Indian River. The sediments to 

the south are mainly carbonates (Milliman et al., 

1972), unlike the quartz sands of the Indian 

River. This carbonate sedimentary regime marks 

the northernmost extension of the Bahamian or 

Caribbean faunal province (Buzas and Culver, 

1980), thus explaining why the foraminiferal species are so different between central and southern 

Florida. 

Systematic Catalog 

The following catalog uses the general systematic structure of the Treatise of Paleontology 

(Loeblich and Tappan, 1964), even though we 

believe the overall taxonomic philosophy of the 

Treatise is too rigid. For example, we have assigned 

species with both optically radial and granular 

walls to the genus Elphidium, although strict adherence to the Treatise would have placed them 

in different superfamilies. We believe, however, 

the systematic arrangement used here is more 

useful than an alphabetical scheme. 

Where possible, our synonymies are based on 

direct inspection of the types cited. In a few cases 

the only specimens accessible were from Pacific 

collections or were topotypes. 

Illustration of foraminifera is a continuing 

source of difficulty for researchers. Although it 

has become fairly easy to take high quality scanning electron micrographs, they do not convey 

the transparent qualities of foraminiferal tests, a 

severe drawback, as most work is done with optical microscopes. Furthermore, the gold coating 

necessary for scanning electron microscopy makes 

the specimen opaque and very difficult to use, 

subsequently, under a binocular microscope. The 

alternative, a good drawing by a scientific illustrator, does not harm the specimen and produces 

a view of the specimen as it appears under an 

optical microscope. For anything more than a 

small number of views, however, the time and 

expense are rarely justified. 

In this study we have attempted to use scanning electron micrographs of very thinly coated 

specimens. The gold coating was 50 angstroms, 

about one-quarter of the thickness normally used. 

This coating is virtually transparent, and the 

specimens are still quite useful for optical work. 

The electron micrographs, however, tend to have 

charged areas and strange scan lines due to the 

inadequate conductivity of the thin coating. By 

using very low accelerating voltages (less than 5 

KV), we were able to hold these bad effects to a 

minimum. In spite of this, a few of the figures 

have some visibly charged areas. We feel, however, that the preservation of the optical characters of the specimens warrants the defects in the 

figures. 

Specimens deposited in the National Museum 

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, are 

listed under the abbreviation "USNM" (for the 

collection numbers of the former United States 

National Museum). Representatives of most species are deposited in the Indian River Coastal 

Zone Museum, Fort Pierce, Florida. 

HIERARCHY.—From order through genus: 

Order FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830 

Suborder ALLOGROMIINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 

Superfamily LAGYNACEA Schultze, 1854 

Family ALLOGROMIIDAE Rhumbler, 1904 

Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904 

Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 

Superfamily LITUOLACEA de Blainville, 1825 

Family HORMOSINIDAE Haeckel, 1894 

Subfamily HORMOSININAE Haeckel, 1894 

Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808 

Family LITUOLIDAE de Blainville, 1825 

Subfamily LITUOLINAE de Blainville, 1825 

Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910 

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Schwager, 1877 

Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE Schwager, 1877 

Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859 

Family ATOXOPHRAGMIIDAE Schwager, 1877 

Subfamily VERNEUILININAE Cushman, 1911 

Genus Gaudryina d'Orbigny, 1839 

Suborder MILIOLINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 

Superfamily MILIOLACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 

Family FISCHERINIDAE Millet, 1898 

Subfamily CYCLOGYRINAE Loeblich and Tappan, 

1961 
NUMBER 16 21 

Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842 

Family NUBECULARIIDAE Jones, 1875 

Subfamily OPHTHALMIDIINAE Weisner, 1920 

Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958 

Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933 

Subfamily SPIROLOCULININAE Weisner, 1920 

Genus Spiroloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Family MILIOLIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 

Subfamily QUINQUELOCULININAE Cushman, 1917 

Genus Quinqueloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893 

Genus Pateoris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 

Genus Triloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Subfamily MILIOLINELLINAE Vella, 1957 

Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931 

Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931 

Genus Scutulons Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 

Subfamily TUBINELLINAE Rhumbler, 1906 

Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906 

Genus Articulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Ishamella, new genus 

Family SORITIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 

Subfamily PENEROPLINAE Schultze, 1854 

Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808 

Subfamily SORITINAE Ehrenberg, 1839 

Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839 

Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 

Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg, 1838 

Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 

Subfamily NODOSARIINAE Ehrenberg, 1838 

Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob 

Family GLANDULINIDAE Reuss, 1860 

Subfamily OOLININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 

Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850 

Superfamily BULIMINACEA Jones, 1875 

Family TURRILINIDAE Cushman, 1927 

Subfamily TURRILININAE Cushman, 1927 

Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911 

Family BOLIVINITIDAE Cushman, 1927 

Genus Bolivina d'Orbigny, 1839 

Family BULIMINIDAE Jones, 1875 

Subfamily BULIMININAE Jones, 1875 

Genus Bulimina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Subfamily PAVONININAE Eimer and Fickert, 1899 

Genus Pavonina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Family UVIGERINIDAE Haeckel, 1894 

Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932 

Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923 

Superfamily DISCORBACEA Ehrenberg, 1838 

Family DISCORBIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 

Subfamily DISCORBINAE Ehrenberg, 1838 

Genus Rosalina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Genus Stetsonia Parker, 1954 

Family GLABRATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 

Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948 

Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez, 1965 

Superfamily SPIRILLINACEA Reuss, 1862 

Family SPIRILLINIDAE Reuss, 1862 

Subfamily SPIRILLININAE Reuss, 1862 

Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881 

Superfamily ROTALIACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 

Family ROTALIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 

Subfamily ROTALIINAE Ehrenberg, 1839 

Genus Ammonia Briinnich, 1772 

Family ELPHIDIIDAE Galloway, 1933 

Subfamily ELPHIDIINAE Galloway, 1933 

Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808 

Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978 

Superfamily ORBITOIDACEA Schwager, 1876 

Family EPONIDIDAE Hofker, 1951 

Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808 

Family CIBICIDIDAE Cushman, 1927 

Subfamily CIBICIDINAE Cushman, 1927 

Genus Cibicides de Montfort, 1808 

Family PLANORBULINIDAE Schwager, 1877 

Genus Planorbulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Family CYMBALOPORIDAE Cushman, 1928 

Genus Cymbaloporella Cushman, 1928 

Superfamily CASSIDULINACEA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Family CAUCASINIDAE Bykova, 1959 

Subfamily FURSENKOININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 

1961 

Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 

Genus Sigmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan, 1957 

Family CASSIDULINIDAE d'Orbigny, 1839 

Genus Cassidulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Family NONIONIDAE Schultze, 1854 

Subfamily NONIONINAE Schultze, 1854 

Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808 

Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926 

Family ANOMALINIDAE Cushman, 1927 

Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944 

Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904 

?Allogromia species 

Since the technique used in preparing the samples included several acetone rinses and drying 

under heat lamps, there is a good possibility that 

most of the allogromids present were destroyed. 

Perhaps these specimens are not Allogromia at all 

and may merely be pieces of debris that were 

stained by the rose bengal. 

Specimens scattered throughout the Indian 

River are thus referred. (Total: 12; range: 0-3.) 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808 

Reophax nana Rhumbler 

PLATE 1: FIGURE 1 

Reophax nana Rhumbler, 1913:471, 472, pl. 8: figs. 6-12.— 

Parker, 1952b:457, pl. 1: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, Phleger, 

and Peirson, 1953:13, pl. 1: fig. 11.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:22, pl. 1: fig. 17.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1: 

fig. 2.—Buzas, 1965b:55, pl. 1: fig. 2. 

A few specimens, mostly from the Fort Pierce 

and St. Lucie inlets, were referred to this category. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310285. (Total: 18; 

range: 0-7.) 

Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910 

Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and 

Bronniman 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 2, 3 

Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b: 38, 

39, pl. 7: figs. 7, 8.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:5, 

pl. 1: fig. 16.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 2.—Todd and 

Bronniman, 1957:23, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Lankford, 1959:2097, 

pl. 1: fig. 9. 

The specimens referred to this category are 

generally more slender than those referred to 

Ammobaculities exilis and have a much rounder 

cross section in the uniserial portion. For a further 

discussion see A. exilis. 

All but one of the specimens are from the Buoy 

195 transect. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310280. (Total: 6; 

range: 0-4.) 

Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and 

Bronniman 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 4, 5 

Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b:39, pl. 

7: fig. 9.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 3.—Buzas, Smith, 

and Beem, 1977:64, pl. 1: figs. 5, 6. 

All specimens referred to this category are fine 

grained and match the holotype and paratypes 

well. The neck is generally compressed. Only a 

few of the specimens are uncoiling, and only a 

few have distinct sutures. 

Although some authors have chosen to synonomize Ammobaculites exilis with A. exiguus, we feel 

that in the Indian River there are two distinct 

populations: one, A. exilis, is compressed and only 

slowly uncoiling into a uniserial section; the other, 

A. exiguus, is rather inflated and has a distinct 

break between the coiled early section of the test 

and the cylindrical uniserial later portion. 

This species occurs throughout the Indian 

River and is most abundant near Fort Pierce 

Inlet (Jim's Flat of this study). 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310281. (Total: 83; 

range: 0-23.) 

Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and 

Bronniman 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 6, 7 

Specimens thus referred are similar in shape to 

Ammobaculites exilis sensu stricto but have tests 

composed of much coarser grains. As we do not 

see a gradational series between the coarse- and 

fine-grained forms and do find both forms in the 

same replicate, we do not feel that the forms are 

conspecific. Unfortunately there are never more 

than three of each form in a replicate, and so it 

is possible that we never see a large enough 

sample to get a complete view of the population. 

Ammobaculites cf. exilis is the only form of Ammobaculites found at Herman's Bay. Perhaps further investigation would reveal the sediment there 

to be composed of coarser-than-average grains. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310282. (Total: 69; 

range: 0-20.) 

Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859 

Trochamina cf. advena Cushman 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 8, 9 

The specimens referred to this category have 

deeper sutures than do the types from the Dry 

Tortugas, designated by Cushman in 1922. They 

resemble Trochamina cf. advena of Phleger, Parker, 

and Peirson (1953). They also resemble the specimens designated T advena by Phleger and Parker 

(1951) and Parker (1952a, 1954). They differ 
NUMBER 16 23 

enough from the primary types, and so we feel 

that synonymization cannot be made. 

Most of the specimens were collected at Buoy 

195. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310286. (Total: 11; 

range: 0-4.) 

Trochamina ochracea (Williamson) 

PLATE 1: FICURES 10, 11 

Rotalina ochracea Williamson, 1858:55, pl. 4: fig. 112; pl. 5: 

fig. 113. 

Trochamina ochracea (Williamson).—Cushman 1944:19, pl. 2: 

figs. 12, 13.—Parker, 1952a:408, 409, pl. 4: figs. 13, 14; 

1952b:460, pl. 3: fig. 5.—Todd and Low, 1961:16, pl. 1: 

fig. 18. 

Our specimens have the compressed concaveconvex test and umbilical flaps characteristic of 

this normally deep-water species. 

Most were found in the southern part of the 

Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310287. (Total: 25; 

range: 0-8.) 

Trochamina species 

Three small specimens are thus referred. Unfortunately, the single unbroken specimen was 

lost. This specimen had a high spire and clearly 

showed three chambers in the final whorl. 

All specimens were collected at Buoy 195. (Total: 3; range: 0-3.) 

Genus Gaudryina d'Orbigny, 1839 

Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 12, 13 

Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a:40, pl. 7: 

figs. 15, 16.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:9, pl. 1: 

figs. 37, 38.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:26, pl. 2: figs. 

24, 25.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 1: fig. 13.—Buzas, 

Smith, and Beem, 1977:66, pl. 1: figs. 7, 8. 

The specimens compare well with the holotype 

and paratypes, ranging from long and slender to 

short and squat. Some of the longer individuals 

tend toward being triserial, but all fit within the 

range of the numerous paratypes designated by 

Cushman. 

This species is found only south of Sebastian 

Inlet and is most abundant south of Fort Pierce 

Inlet. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310283, 310284. 

(Total: 158; range: 0-26.) 

Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842 

Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze) 

PLATE 1: FIGURE 14 

Cornuspira planorbis Schultze, 1854:40, pl. 2: fig. 21.—Phleger 

and Parker, 1951:8, pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:30, pl. 4: fig. 8. 

PCornuspira involvens (Reuss).—Cushman, 1921:62; 1922a:58; 

1941:7.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:5, pl. 2: fig. 1. 

Our specimens show very little variation, all 

having three whorls. The small prolocular chamber matches well that of Buzas et al. (1977, 

unfigured) and Haake (1975, unfigured). 

Cyclogyra planorbis is one of the species characteristically occurring at Haulover and the inlets. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310247. (Total: 

162; range: 0-67.) 

Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958 

Edentostomina cultrata (Brady) 

PLATE 1: FIGURES 15, 16 

Miliolina cultrata Brady, 1884:161, pl. 5: figs. 1, 2. 

Quinqueloculina cultrata (Brady).—Todd and Bronniman, 

1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 

1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 7, 8.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1: fig. 

15. 

Edenlosomina cultrata (Brady).—Haake, 1975:19, pl. 1: figs. 

5,6. 

The specimens deposited in the Cushman collection by Haake are not those illustrated by him 

but are from the same material. 

Our five specimens range from the wellrounded form with no neck (Lankford, 1959) to 

the keeled form with a long neck (Haake, 1975). 

They occur mainly in the southern part of the 

Indian River. 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310248. Hypotypes: 

USNM 310254, 310255. (Total: 5; range: 0-1.) 

Edentostomina cf. cultrata (Brady) 

The single specimen thus assigned differs from 

Edentostomina cultrata sensu stricto in having longitudinal striations. Unfortunately the specimen 

was lost during mounting for SEM. 

The specimen was found at Buoy 195. (Total: 

1; range: 0-1.) 

Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933 

Weisnerella auriculata (Egger) 

PLATE 1: FIGURE 17 

Planispirina auriculata Egger, 1893:245, 246, pl. 3: figs. 

13-15.—Cushman, 1922a:62, pl. 10: fig. 8; 1929a:93, 94, 

pl. 22: fig. 3. 

Weisnerella auriculata (Egger).—Cushman 1933a:33, pl. 3: figs. 

7-9.—Parker, 1954:501, 502, pl. 5: fig. 13. 

Our specimens match well the specimens in the 

Cushman collection. This widely distributed species is remarkable in its invariant appearance. 

This species was found only at the St. Lucie 

transect. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310279. (Total: 17; 

range: 0-5.) 

Genus Spiroloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Spiroloculina depressa d'Orbigny 

PLATE 2: FIGURES 1, 2 

Spiroloculina depressa d'Orbigny, 1826:298; "Modele" no. 

92.—Bandy, 1956:197, pl. 29: fig. 2. 

Our single specimen has a bifid tooth and a 

small opposing simple tooth, just as many of the 

examined topotypes. Although Bandy's figured 

specimen does not have the opposing tooth, many 

specimens from the same study do. 

The specimen was found at Jensen Beach. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310276. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Genus Quinqueloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d'Orbigny 

PLATE 2: FIGURES 3-6 

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d'Orbigny, 1839a: 195, pl. 12: figs. 

11-13.—Cushman, 1929a:22, pl. 1: fig. 1.—Bandy, 

1956:196.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 4.— 

Bock, 1971:16, pl. 4: figs. 3-5. 

Our specimens are smaller than most of the 

specimens in the Cushman collection and have 

tests composed of better-sorted sand grains. Only 

a few of the specimens have the bifid tooth common to the larger specimens deposited in the 

Cushman collection. 

A few scattered specimens were found throughout the Indian River. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310260, 310261. 

(Total: 14; range: 0-3.) 

Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana d'Orbigny 

PLATE 2: FIGURES 7, 8 

The specimens referred to this category are 

smaller than the topotypes in the Cushman collection and generally have sharper peripheries. 

Some approach the almost stellate appearance of 

Quinqueloculina lamarkiana but as a group are closer 

to Q. akneriana. Although there is one small topotype in the Cushman collection that seems to be 

conspecific with our specimens, the general ranges 

of the two groups do not overlap. 

This species was found only south of Fort Pierce 

Inlet. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310262. (Total: 19; 

range: 0-4.) 

Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d'Orbigny 

PLATE 2: FIGURES 9, 10 

Our specimens are finer grained than most of 

those in the Cushman collection. The surface has 

some attached grains and the small bifid tooth 

shown in d'Orbigny's drawings and in the micrographs of Le Calvez's topotypes (1977). 
NUMBER 16 25 

This species was found in three replicates, two 

from Herman's Bay and one from Jensen Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310263. (Total: 9; 

range: 0-5.) 

Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner) 

PLATE 2: FIGURES 11-13 

Adelosina milletti Weisner var. carcinata-striata Weisner, 

1923:76, 77, pl. 44: figs. 190, 191. 

Although we have not examined any specimens 

of this species, Weisner's drawing is very good 

and leaves little doubt as to the conspecificity of 

our specimens. The specimens are heavily costate 

with an angled periphery. The costae are. not 

parallel to the periphery but meet at it to form a 

small keel. The aperture is round with a small 

simple tooth. 

Five individuals were found throughout the 

Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310264. Hypotypes: 

USNM 310308, 310309. (Total: 5; range: 0-2.) 

Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner) 

PLATE 2: FICURES 14-17 

Miliolina goesi Weisner, 1923:52, 53, pl. 7: fig. 79. 

Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner).—Haake, 1975:33, 34, pl. 3: 

figs. 58, 59, pl. 4: figs. 60-66. 

The type figure of this species shows a specimen 

with chambers that have a rectangular cross section. Although some of the specimens illustrated 

by Haake have a similar rectangular cross section, 

others are more rounded. The specimens deposited in the Cushman collection by Haake range 

in form from rounded to sub-rounded. Only a 

few of our specimens displayed the rounded cross 

section; most have the rectangular cross section 

that is more typical of the species. 

Most of the specimens were found at Herman's 

Bay; a few were found in the northern portion of 

the Indian River. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310265, 310266. 

(Total: 20; range: 0-5.) 

Quinqueloculina gualtieriana d'Orbigny 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 1, 2 

Quinqueloculina gualtieriana d'Orbigny, 1839a: 186, pl. 11: figs. 

1-3. 

There are no figured specimens of this species 

from the Atlantic in the Cushman collection. Our 

specimens, however, match the SEM of Le Calvez 

(1977) and d'Orbigny's figures, their long, thin 

simple tooth being characteristic. 

Two representatives of this species were found 

in one replicate from St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310267. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-2.) 

Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss 

FIGURE 23; PLATE 3: FIGURES 3, 4 

Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, 1851:87, pl. 7: fig. 59.—Haake, 

1975:24, pl. 1: figs. 24, 25. 

Our specimens have a well-rounded outline, 

both in side view and in apertural view. Some 

authors have listed similar forms as Quinqueloculina 

akneriana or Q. lamarkiana, but examination of 

FIGURE 23.—Quinqueloculina impressa, front view, USNM 

310299, hypotype, X 240. 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

topotypes shows Q. impressa to be muc h more 

rounded tha n either. 

Surprisingly, this commo n Indian River miliolid has not been described from elsewhere in 

Florida or even from the east coast of North 

Americ a (Culver and Buzas, 1980). 

Figured hypotypes: USN M 310268, 310299. 

Hypotypes: USN M 310298, 310300, 310301, 

310302, 310303, 310304, 310305, 310306, 310307. 

(Total: 961; range: 0-92.) 

Quinqueloculina poeyana d'Orbigny 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 5, 6 

Quinqueloculina poeyana d'Orbigny, 1839a: 191, pl. 11: figs. 

25-27.—Cushman, 1921:67, fig. 9, pl. 16: figs. 7, 8; 

1929a:31, pl. 5: fig. 2.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 

1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 13, 14.—Bandy, 1956:196, pl. 29: fig. 

6.—Todd and Bronniman 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Todd 

and Low, 197l:c-8, pl. 2: fig. 4. 

This widely distributed species tends to be 

rathe r small in most of our samples. Most of our 

specimens have a long simple tooth with a bifid 

tip like the neotype designated by Le Calvez 

(1977). D'Orbigny described the species as having 

a simple tooth. Th e specimens in the Cushma n 

collection have teeth that range from bifid to 

almost no tooth at all. 

Most of the specimens were found in the southern half of the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USN M 310269. (Total: 46; 

range: 0-11.) 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne) 

PLATE 3: FICURES 7, 8 

Serpula seminula Linne, 1758:786. 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne).—Cushman 1917:44, 45, fig. 

29, pl. 11: fig. 2; 1929a:24, 25, pl. 2: fig. 2; 1929b:59, 60, 

pl. 9: fig. 18; 1944:13, pl. 2: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and 

Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 18, 19.—Parker, 1952a:406, 

pl. 3: fig. 21, pl. 4: fig. 1; 1952b:456, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Todd 

and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: figs. 9, 10.—Todd and 

Low, 1961:15, pl. 1: fig. 14.—Buzas, 1965a:56, pl. 1: fig. 

6. 

Most of the specimens of this species are rathe r 

small, with man y of them having transluscent 

rathe r than porcelanous walls. Some of them 

approach the form Haak e (1975) called Quinqueloculina pygmaea. However, having examined a 

large numbe r of specimens over a wide size range, 

there can be little doubt tha t the abundan t and 

widely distributed Q. seminula appears in large 

numbers throughout the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype : USN M 310270. (Total: 

1297; range: 0-192.) 

Quinqueloculina cf. striata d'Orbigny 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 9, 10 

T wo specimens with very fine striations were 

referred to this category. The y are less elongate 

tha n Quinqueloculina striata sensu stricto. 

O n e specimen is from Buoy 195; the other is 

from Jensen Beach. 

Figured specimen: USN M 310271. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 11, 12 

Quinqueloculina costata d'Orbigny, 1826:301.—Cushman, 

1922a:66, 67, pl. 11: fig. 5; 1929a:31, pl. 3: fig. 7. 

Quinqueloculina rhodiensis Parker in Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 15-17. 

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker, 1962:110. 

Eight specimens were referred to this category. 

The y are all heavily costate; some have a short 

neck. Th e apertur e is circular an d contains a 

small short bifid tooth. This species is overall 

shorter and more rounded in outline tha n Quinqueloculina poeyana. 

Figured hypotype : USN M 310272. (Total: 8; 

range: 0-3.) 

Quinqueloculina species 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 13, 14 

T h e apertur e of this species is about one-fifth 

of the way from the end of the elongate test and 

includes a very small bifid tooth. In apertural 

view the test is slightly stellate. 
NUMBER 16 27 

Both specimens thus referred are from Jensen 

Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310273. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-2.) 

of the specimens were found in a single replicate 

from Herman's Bay. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310277. (Total: 9; 

range: 0-7.) 

Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893 

?Massilina species 

PLATE 3: FIGURES 15, 16 

The single specimen thus referred is not compressed as Loeblich and Tappan (1964) define 

the genus. It does, however, have a bifid tooth, 

early quinqueloculine chambers, and later chambers added in a single plane. 

The specimen was found at Jim's Flat. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310249. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Genus Pateoris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 

Pateoris dilitata (d'Orbigny) 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 1, 2 

Quinqueloculina dilitata d'Orbigny, 1839a: 192, pl. 11: figs. 

28-30.—Cushman, 1921:67, figs. 7, 8, pl. 16: figs. 5, 6; 

1922a:69, pl. 12: fig. 2; 1929a:26, pl. 2: fig. 5. 

Three battered representatives of this species 

were found at the St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310258. (Total: 3; 

range: 0-3.) 

Genus Triloculina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina cf. trigonula (Lamarck) 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 3, 4 

The specimens referred to this category match 

very well those of Triloculina cf. trigonula collected 

by Cushman from Cape Canaveral and referred 

to by Todd (1979). They are much more rounded 

than T trigonula sensu stricto but have a similar 

aperture with a large bifid tooth. 

The nine specimens referred to this category 

were all collected south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Seven 

Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931 

Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu) 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 5, 6 

Vermiculum subrotundum Montagu, 1803:521. 

Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu).—Loeblich and Tappan, 

1964:c466, 467, pl. 355: fig. 1.—Haake, 1975:39, 40, pl. 5: 

figs. 94-97. 

Miliolinella labiosa (d'Orbigny).—Todd and Bronniman, 

1957:28, pl. 3: figs. 21,22. 

Miliolinella subrotunda is a species that shows 

much variation. The tests are generally triloculine 

in structure, but in our specimens they seem to 

range in form to quinqueloculine. According to 

Loeblich and Tappan (1964), this would put 

those specimens into the genus Scutuloris. We see 

a smooth merge from one form to another in our 

specimens. 

Our specimens all have terminal apertures that 

contain a flap. Some have lips on the aperture. 

All are smoothly rounded, although some are 

fairly elongate. As mentioned above, some are 

trioculine, some are quinqueloculine, and others 

are in between. 

All but one of our specimens were found at the 

Haulover Canal station. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310250. Hypotypes: 

USNM 310251, 310252, 310253. (Total: 7; range: 

0-3.) 

Miliolinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu) 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 7, 8 

A single specimen was thus referred. It differs 

from Miliolinella subrotunda sensu stricto in that it 

possesses light longitudinal costae. It may indeed 

be M. subrotunda sensu stricto, but we see no 

gradation to this form. 

The specimen was found at Haulover Canal. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310256. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

^Miliolinella species 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 9, 10 

The overall outline of the single specimen thus 

referred is similar to that of Miliolinella fictellina, 

but the aperture is turned sideways, similar to 

that of Weisnerella. The aperture is nearly filled 

by a large bifid tooth. The margin is acute, and 

the surface is smooth. 

The specimen was found in the St. Lucie transect. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310257. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931 

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 11, 12 

Biloculina globulus Bornemann, 1855:349, pl. 19: fig. 3. 

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann).—Todd, 1966:24, pl. 17: 

fig. 11.—Todd and Low, 1967:20, pl. 2: fig. 14. 

This bilocular miliolid has a large apertural 

flap instead of the bifid tooth of Pyrgo. 

A few specimens were found at Herman's Bay 

and Jensen Beach. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310246. (Total: 9; 

range: 0-4.) 

Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 

Scutuloris species 

PLATE 4: FIGURES 13, 14 

The specimens referred to this category are 

very similar to Quinqueloculina impressa but have a 

slitlike aperture instead of a bifid tooth. There is 

no well-developed flap in the aperture, but the 

specimens seem best referred to Scutuloris. As mentioned under Miliolinella subrotunda, Loeblich and 

Tappan (1964) define Miliolinella and Scutuloris as 

differing only in that the former is triserial and 

the latter is quinqueloculine. Although we include some quinqueloculine forms in Miliolinella, 

we do not see any triloculine forms, or even any 

forms tending toward trioculine, in the specimens 

we are referring to Scutuloris. 

Most of the specimens were found south of Fort 

Pierce Inlet. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310274. Mentioned 

specimen: USNM 310275. (Total: 11; range: 

0-4.) 

Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906 

?Tubinella species 

PLATE 4: FIGURE 15 

The specimens thus referred are broken and do 

not show the uniserial portion of the test at all 

well; hence, the tentative assignment. 

All four specimens were found at Jim's Flat. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310278. (Total: 4; 

range: 0-3.) 

Genus Articulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman 

PLATE 4: FIGURE 16 

Our single specimen is only very slightly costate, unlike Cushman's types from Fiji, which 

have rather heavy costae. It does have the same 

wide lip and overall shape as Cushman's smaller, 

two-chambered paratype. In offshore samples we 

have found specimens that are costate and are 

Articulina pacifica sensu stricto, and perhaps our 

specimen is merely a smooth form. 

The single specimen was found at Jensen 

Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310245. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Ishamella, new genus 

Test free; chambers inflated, two in number, 

closely appressed; septum vestigal; wall calcareous, imperforate; aperture terminal. 

This simply constructed genus may be related 

to Tubinella. Like Tubinella, the proloculus is large, 

with the second chamber closely appressed, and 

it has a vestigal septum. Unlike Tubinella, it lacks 

any final tubular chambers. 

The genus is named for Lawrence B. Isham, 
NUMBER 16 29 

FIGURE 24.—Ishamella apertura, USNM 310310, holotype, X 

240: a, front view; b, back view; c, side view; d, apertural 

view; e, transverse section. 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

who, with his excellent drawings of foraminifera, 

has contributed more to foraminiferal taxonomy 

than words can say. 

Gender: feminine. 

TYPE-SPECIES.—Ishamella apertura, new species. 

Ishamella apertura, new species 

FIGURE 24 

Test small; chambers inflated, two in number 

consisting of proloculus and closely, appressed 

second chamber, proloculus about twice as large 

as second chamber, proloculus sometimes with 

slight folds; septum vestigal; wall calcareous, imperforate, translucent milky color when dry, hyaline when wet; aperture terminal, large, ovate, 

with a slightly thickened lip. 

Figure 2A-a-d comprises drawings of the holotype of Ishamella apertura. Figure 24^, a transverse 

section of /. apertura, shows the vestigal septum at 

the junction of the two chambers. The specific 

name is derived from the large and prominent 

aperture of the species. 

In all, 79 specimens of/, apertura were found in 

the Indian River. The total number of individuals 

of /. apertura is only slightly less than that of 

Ammobaculites exilis, the least abundant of the 15 

most abundant species. Other species with similar 

densities occur at several areas within the Indian 

River. With the exception of a single individual 

found at St. Lucie Inlet, all individuals of /. 

apertura were found at Jim's flat. Perhaps this is a 

newly arrived or newly evolved species. In any 

case, the extremely localized distribution of this 

species is unusual. 

The length, width, and thickness in millimeters 

of the holotype is .27, .19, and .18, respectively. 

The mean and standard deviation for 12 paratypes are given below. 

Length 

Width 

Thickness 

Mean 

.24 

.17 

.15 

Standard deviation 

.03 

.03 

.04 

Holotype: USNM 310310. Paratypes: USNM 

310311, 310312, 310313, 310314. (Total: 79; 

range: 0-67.) 

Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808 

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 1 

Nautilus pertusus Forskal, 1775:125.—Brady, 1884:204, pl. 13: 

figs. 16, 17, 23. 

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal).—Cushman, 1921:75, pl. 18: figs. 

7, 8; 1930:35, pl. 12: figs. 3-6.—Bock, 1971:34, pl. 13: fig. 

10. 

None of our specimens were uncoiling; however, they match Cushman's specimens well. 

All specimens of this species were found at St. 

Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310259. (Total: 7; 

range: 0-3.) 

Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839 

Sorites marginalis (Lamarck) 

Orbulites marginalis Lamarck, 1816:196. 

Sorites marginalis (Lamarck).—Cushman, 1930:49, 50, pl. 18: 

figs. 1-4.—Bock, 1971:36, 37, pl. 14: figs. 5, 6. 

All representatives of this species were found at 

St. Lucie Inlet or St. Lucie transect, the southernmost areas in the river. This species is common 

near Miami (Bock, 1971); thus the Indian River 

may be near the northern range boundary of the 

species. 

(Total: 5; range: 0-3.) 

Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob 

Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 2 

Our specimens are similar to those described 

by Haynes (1973:82, 83, pl. 12: figs. 7, 8). The 

specimens have long slender tests that taper gradually to a neck. The end of the neck may have a 

phialine lip; however, the neck on our specimens 

is so delicate that the lip is frequently broken. 

Our specimens differ from Haynes' in that his 

specimens are much larger and have about 20 

striations around the base of the test, whereas 

ours have only about 15, and in that our speci-
NUMBER 16 31 

mens have a flattened, not rounded, base on the 

test. 

All our specimens were found in the southern 

part of the Indian River. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310182. (Total: 10; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850 

Fissurina lucida (Williamson) 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 3 

Entosolenia marginata (Montagu) var. lucida Williamson, 

1848:17, 18, pl. 2: fig. 17. 

Fissurina lucida (Williamson).—Loeblich and Tappan, 

1953:76, 77, pl. 14: fig. 4.—Todd and Low, 1967:28, pl. 

3: fig. 31. 

This small species has a very distinctive clear 

area in the center of the test, surrounded by a 

frosted horseshoe-shaped margin. The test is 

slightly compressed with a rounded margin. A 

few specimens have a very small spine opposite 

the aperture, as does the specimen of Todd and 

Low. 

Although none of the figured specimens in the 

Cushman collection are from the Florida area, 

the species was reported on the Southeastern 

Continental Shelf by Wilcoxon (1964). 

Scattered specimens were found throughout 

the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310183. (Total: 29; 

range: 0-5.) 

Optically: radial. 

Fissurina species 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 4 

A single specimen with an elongate and wellrounded test is referred to this category. The 

surface of the test is frosted and opaque. 

The specimen was found in the St. Lucie transect. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310184. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 5 

Bulimina elegantissima d'Orbigny, 1839b:51, pl. 7: figs. 13, 14. 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny).—Cushman and Parker, 

1931:13, pl. 3: figs. 12, 13.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:17, 

pl. 8: figs. 3, 4.—Parker, Phleger, and Pierson, 1953:6, 7, 

pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Bandy, 1956:193.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 8: figs. 1, 2.—Lankford, 1959:2097, pl. 

2: fig. 16.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:71, 72, pl. 1: 

figs. 19, 20. 

In addition to the above specimens, many unfigured specimens in the Cushman collection have 

been examined and found to be conspecific. 

This widespread species is found in greatest 

abundance near the inlets, suggesting it is an 

open-water species. 

Figured hypotype: 

1257; range: 0-118.) 

Optically: radial. 

USNM 310214. (Total: 

Genus Bolivina d'Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina cf. compacta Sidebottom 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 6 

Only one specimen was referred to this category. It has no striations, is coarsely perforate, 

and is rather inflated. Although it might be considered an extreme form of Bolivina striatula, it is 

probably better referred to B. cf. compacta, as we 

see no gradation to this form. 

The specimen was collected at Link Port. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310192. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 7 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill in Cushman and Ponton, 

1932:84, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Cushman, 1937:91, pl. 11: fig. 

9.—Cushman and McGlamery, 1938:107, 108, pl. 25: figs. 

14, 18, 19.—Parker, 1954:516, pl. 7: fig. 26.—Buzas, 

Smith, and Beem, 1977:74, pl. 2: figs. 1, 2. 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

A few of our specimens are opaque like the 

holotype, but most are translucent to transparent. 

Perhaps the opacity of these specimens is due to 

weathering, particularly for the holotype, named 

from the Miocene. All specimens have flush arcuate sutures that do not cross the median. The 

periphery is smoothly rounded. Most specimens 

flair rapidly. Although most of our specimens 

have few pores, those pores that exist are concentrated along the sutures, as they are on the holotype. 

Most of the specimens referred to this species 

were found south of Fort Pierce Inlet. 

Figures hypotype: USNM 310193. (Total: 34; 

range: 0-11.) 

Optically: radial. 

Bolivina striatula Cushman 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 8 

Bolivina striatula Cushman, 1922a:27, 28, pl. 3: fig. 10; 

1941:10.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:6, pl. 4: figs. 

4, 5.—Bandy, 1954:135, 136, pl. 31: fig. 9; 1956:193.— 

Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: figs. 12-16.—Lankford, 1959:2097, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:75, 76, pl. 2: figs. 5-10. 

Although this species shows much variation, it 

forms a distinct species. Most specimens have 

parallel sides and slightly depressed sutures, giving a slightly lobate periphery. The margin is 

well rounded; the test is compressed. 

Smaller specimens tend to flair slightly; it 

seems that only the later chambers are added in 

parallel fashion. The test is usually transparent, 

although extremely dense striations, particularly 

near the base, may make the test opaque. The 

striations are most prominent on the initial third 

of the test. Only a few of the specimens were 

totally lacking in striations; Buzas, Smith, and 

Beem (1977) reported as many as a third to be 

nonstriate. 

Although this species is common throughout 

the Indian River, it is most abundant in the 

southern portion. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310194. (Total: 

2462; range: 0-271.) 

Optically: radial. 

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 9 

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden, 1929:9, pl. 4: 

fig. 4.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 29.— 

Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76-78, pl. 2: figs. 11-22. 

Bolivina plicatella Cushman.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:15, 

16, pl. 3: fig. 19.—Cushman, 1937:89, pl. 11: figs. 3,4. 

Bolivina plicalella var. mera Cushman and Ponton.—Todd 

and Bronniman, 1957:33, pl. 8: fig. 30. 

A good discussion of this variable species is 

given by Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977). Our 

specimens generally have slowly tapering biserial 

tests composed of about 10-12 chambers. The 

surface of the chambers is rough, giving the specimens a frosted appearance. The sutures are depressed and only slightly, if at all, curved. Some 

of the specimens have fine longitudinal striations, 

particularly on the early portion of the test. 

Most of the specimens thus referred were found 

at Buoy 195 and the St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310195. (Total: 49; 

range: 0-6.) 

Optically: radial. 

Bolivina sp. A 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 10 

The test is long and narrow. The chambers are 

inflated, and the sutures are slightly depressed. 

The pores are fine and concentrated on the lower 

half of the chambers, making them almost 

opaque. The earliest chambers are almost completely covered with pores. 

The specimens are similar to the middle Oligocene topotypes of Bolivina beyrichi Reuss, but the 

later are more compressed and flair more. 

This species was found at only one station of 

the Buoy 195 transect. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310196. (Total: 3; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: radial. 

Bolivina sp. B 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 11 

Our specimens are translucent with moderately 

depressed sutures and inflated chambers. Most of 
NUMBER 16 33 

the specimens are parallel sided. The chambers 

have few pores; those present are concentrated 

along the base of the chambers. 

Of the 35 specimens found, 18 occurred at 

Herman's Bay and Jensen Beach, where they 

were part of the group that composed 95% of the 

total living population. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310197. (Total: 35; 

range: 0-6.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Bulimina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Bulimina acculeata d'Orbigny 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 12 

Bulimina acculeata d'Orbigny, 1826:269.—Cushman and Parker, 1938:92, pl. 6: figs. 9, 10.—Phleger, 1939:1403, pl. 3: 

fig. 24.—Cushman, 1944:28, pl. 3: fig. 47.—Phleger and 

Parker, 1951:15, pl. 7: fig. 23. 

The topotypes in the Cushman collection 

(Cushman and Parker, 1938) are larger and more 

opaque than any of our specimens. However, our 

specimens have the radiating spines that are common to this species and which serve to differentiate it from Bulimina marginata d'Orbigny, which 

has serrated margins on its chambers. 

Most of our specimens were found at Herman's 

Bay. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310209.(Total: 13; 

range: 0-5.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Pavonina d'Orbigny, 1826 

?Pavonina species 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 13 

A single small specimen is tentatively referred 

to Pavonia. It has the low arched chambers and 

radial wall structure common to the genus but is 

very finely perforate. Owing to its small size, it is 

difficult to tell whether or not the specimen has 

the initial triserial stage of the genus. 

The specimen was found at St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310233. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932 

Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 14 

Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman, 1933b:86, pl. 8: fig. 16.—Todd 

and Bronniman, 1957:35, 36, pl. 9: figs. 3, 4. 

Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman, 1944:30, pl. 4: fig. 

1. 

Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman.—Parker, 

1952b:451, pl. 4: figs. 14-16. 

Although some authors have called the Atlantic version of Hopkinsina pacifica a subspecies, we 

prefer to follow the approach of Todd and Bronniman (1957): ". . .the difference between populations is not of subspecific rank." The holotype 

of H. pacifica and the holotype and paratypes of 

H. pacifica var. atlantica all appear conspecific with 

our specimens, although some of our specimens 

are not so twisted as most of the primary types. 

This species occurs only in the southern portion 

of the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310190. (Total: 70; 

range: 0-17.) 

Optically: radial. 

Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 15 

Two specimens are referred to this category. 

Although they match Hopkinsina pacifica sensu 

stricto in overall shape and surface texture, they 

are extremely compressed laterally, perhaps to 

the point of being strictly biserial. 

Both specimens were found at Jensen Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310191. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923 

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman) 

PLATE 5: FIGURE 16 

Uvigerina angulosa Cushman, 1922a:34, pl. 5: figs. 3-4. 

Uvigerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Cushman, 1923:169, 170. 

Angulogerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Todd and Bronniman, 

1957:36, pl. 9: figs. 5, 6. 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman). 

1977:82, pl. 3: figs. 7-10. 

-Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

Most of the specimens are rather battered and 

broken. They are all short and triangular in 

appearance. None have the long, almost uniserial 

form identified by Todd and Bronniman (1957, 

pl. 9: fig. 5). 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310210. (Total: 10; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Rosalina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Rosalina bulbosa (Parker) 

PLATE 5: FIGURES 17-19 

"Discorbis" bulbosa Parker, 1954:523, pl. 8: figs. 10-12. 

Rosalina bulbosa (Parker).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:85. 

Our specimens match Parker's types well, as 

well as matching the unfigured specimens of 

Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977) from Jamaica. 

Three of our specimens were found attached, two 

to miliolids, and one to an Elphidium mexicanum. 

Scattered specimens were found throughout 

the Indian River. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310234, 310235. 

Hypotype: USNM 310236. (Total: 14; range: 0-

1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Rosalina concinna (Brady) 

PLATE 6: FIGURES 1, 2 

Discorbina concinna Brady, 1884:646, pl. 90: figs. 7, 8. 

Discorbis concinnus (Brady).—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 31: fig. 4. 

Rosalina concinna (Brady).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:85, 86, pl. 4: figs. 4-6. 

This species has a round outline and is fairly 

compressed. The spiral side has flush sutures. The 

umbilical side has slightly depressed sutures. 

There are usually only four chambers visible on 

the umbilical side, surrounding a small umbilical 

pit. The final chamber usually covers one-third 

to one-half of the umbilical side. 

Parker's specimens of Rosalina cf. concinna (Parker, 1954, pl. 8: figs. 17, 18) seem to fit into our 

suite of specimens without any difficulty. 

Scattered specimens were found throughout 

the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310237. (Total: 44; 

range: 0-7.) 

Optically: radial. 

Rosalina floridana (Cushman) 

PLATE 6: FIGURES 5, 6 

Discorbis floridana Cushman, 1922a:39, 40, pl. 5: figs. 11, 12; 

1931:21, pl. 4: figs. 7, 8.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:18, 

19, pl. 4: fig. 5.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:20, pl. 10: fig. 

4. 

Discorbis floridanus (Cushman).—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 31: fig. 

1. 

Rosalina floridana (Cushman).—Parker, 1954:524-525, pl. 8: 

figs. 19, 20.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:36, pl. 9: figs. 

16-21.—Buzas, Smith and Beem, 1977:86, pl. 4: figs. 7-9. 

The most distinctive characteristic of this rosalinid is the overlapping nature of the chambers 

on the umbilical side. Frequently, the overlapping 

portions of the chambers form flaps that extend 

over a deep umbilical pit. The aperture is long, 

from the umbilical area (generally in the pit) to 

the periphery. The aperture is low and frequently 

has a small lip. Our specimens are generally 

neither as coarsely perforate nor as compressed as 

those in the Cushman collection but fall well 

within their range of variation. 

This species was most abundant at Vero Beach 

and Link Port. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310238. (Total: 

159; range: 0-39.) 

Optically: granular. 

Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman) 

PLATE 6: FIGURES 3, 4 

Our few specimens are distinctive and perhaps 

are a new species. The test is compressed. The 

spiral side is coarsely perforate. The chambers fill 

the umbilical side, making it flat. The sutures are 

very hard to see on the umbilical side unless the 

specimen is wet. The umbilical side is covered 

with a coarse granular layer. 
m UMBER 16 35 

All specimens were found at Vero Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310239. (Total: 3; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: granular. 

Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny 

PLATE 6: FIGURES 7, 8 

Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny, 1826:271, pl. 13: figs. 1-4. 

Discorbis columbiensis Cushman, 1925:43, pl. 6: fig. 13. 

Tretomphalus bulloides (d'Orbigny).—Cushman, 1934:86, pl. 

11: fig. 2. 

Tretomphalus myersi Cushman, 1943:26, pl. 6: figs. 4-6. 

Tretomphalus allanticus Cushman.—Bock, 1971:53, pl. 19: figs. 

1-3. 

This much-confused species was well described 

by Douglas and Sliter in 1965. Its considerable 

variation has led to its taxonomic confusion over 

the years. 

Our specimens tend to have a slightly higher 

spire than most of those in the Cushman collection but fit well into the range established by 

Douglas and Sliter (1965). Only one of our specimens had a float chamber. 

This species is widely distributed in the Indian 

River but is most abundant in the southern part. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310240; (Total: 

175; range: 0-27.) 

Optically: radial. 

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman) 

PLATE 6: FIGURES 9-12 

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, 1922a:41, pl. 7: figs. 1, 2; 

1931:32, pl. 7: fig. 2. 

Discorbis floridana Cushman.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 

1953:7, pl. 4: figs. 18, 19. 

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:86, 87, pl. 4: figs. 13-15. 

Only one representative of this species is large; 

it matches the specimen of Buzas, Smith, and 

Beem (1977) very well. The small specimens are 

more transparent and have very few pores, but 

the overall shape is identical to that of the single 

large specimen and those specimens in the Cushman collection. 

This species was found mainly at Vero Beach 

and St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310242, 310243. 

(Total: 32; range: 0-14.) 

Optically: radial. 

Rosalina juveniles 

Some very small trochospiral specimens were 

put in this category. When a specimen has only 

three or four chambers, specific, or even generic, 

placement is almost impossible. 

Total: 16; range: 0-5. 

Genus Stetsonia Parker, 1954 

Stetsonia minuta Parker 

PLATE 7: FIGURES 1, 2 

Stetsonia minuta Parker, 1954:534, 535, pl. 10: figs. 27-29. 

Only two specimens of this species were found. 

Unfortunately one was lost, and the other was 

heavily gold coated for SEM use. 

Both specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310244. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948 

Glabratella species 

PLATE 7: FIGURES 3, 4 

Three compressed specimens from Buoy 195 

were referred to this category. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310220. (Total: 3; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez, 

1965 

Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman) 

PLATE 7: FIGURES 5, 6 

Rosalina sagrai Todd and Bronniman, 1957:37, pl. 9: fig. 22. 

Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman).—Buzas, Smith, 

and Beem, 1977:91, pl. 5: figs. 25-27. 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Although our specimens generally do not have 

as high a spire as those mentioned above, they do 

have the pustules on the umbilical side that are 

distinctive to this species. They generally have 7-

8 chambers visible in the final whorl. 

Scattered specimens occur throughout the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310221. (Total: 28; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881 

Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler) 

PLATE 7: FIGURES 7, 8 

Spirillina vivipara var. revertens Rhumbler, 1906:32, pl. 2: figs. 

8-10. 

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg var. densepunctata Cushman.— 

Cushman and Parker, 1931:18, pl. 4: fig. 1. 

PConicospirillina atlantica Cushman, 1947:91, pl. 20: fig. 8. 

Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler).—Smith and Isham, 

1974:66, pl. 1: figs. 1-3, 7-9.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:93, pl. 6: figs. 7-12. 

Although our specimens do not match any of 

Smith and Isham's (1974) drawings extremely 

well, they do match USNM 211312 exactly. This 

unfigured specimen from Jamaica was selected 

by Smith for Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977. 

Apparently it represents an extreme form of this 

species, a form that has many whorls on the spiral 

side and has only very few very fine pores. 

Most of the specimens occur at Vero Beach. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310223. (Total: 11; 

range: 0-4.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Ammonia Briinnich, 1772 

Ammonia beccarii (Linne) 

PLATE 7: FIGURES 9, 10 

Nautilus beccarii Linne, 1758:710. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne).—Cushman, 1922a:52, pl. 8: figs. 7-

9; 1928:104, pl. 15: figs. 1-7; 1931:58, pl. 13: figs. 1, 2; 

1944:35, pl. 4: fig. 22.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 

1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig. 5.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:13, pl. 4: figs. 20-22, 25-30. 

"Rotalia" beccarii (Linne) variants.—Phleger, Parker, and 

Peirson, 1953:42, pl. 9: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1954:531, pl. 

10: figs. 1, 2, 5, 6. 

Ammonia beccarii (Linne).—Buzas, 1965b:62, pl. 4: fig. 1. 

Rosalina parkinsonia d'Orbigny, 1839a:99, pl. 4: figs. 25-27. 

Rotalia beccarri (Linne) var. parkinsonia (d'Orbigny).—Phleger 

and Parker, 1951:23, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Bock, 1971:55, 56, pl. 

20: figs. 5, 6. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) var. tepida Cushman, 1926:79, pl. 1; 

1931:61, pl. 13: fig. 3.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:23, pl. 

12: fig. 7.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 

5: fig. 8. 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne) var. sobrina Shupack, 1934:6, 7, fig. 

4._Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig. 8. 

Although some researchers divide this species 

into several varieties, we feel that all are found in 

similar areas or even in the same replicate, and 

thus we believe that subspecific nomenclature is 

not warranted. 

This is the most abundant species in the Indian 

River, and it is found throughout the river. Only 

one station, in the Jensen Beach transect, did not 

have any members of this species. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310213. (Total: 

7468; range: 0-499.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808 

Elphidium advenum (Cushman) 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 1 

Polystomella advena Cushman, 1922a:56, 57, pl. 9: figs. 11, 12. 

Elphidium advenum (Cushman).—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:7, pl. 3: fig. 11.—Parker, 1954:508, pl. 6: fig. 

14.—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 30: fig. 18.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:39, pl. 6: figs. 5-7.—Bock 1971:56, pl. 20: 

figs. 7, 8. 

Some of our specimens do not have a keel and, 

at first, could be mistaken for an Elphidium excavatum with a glassy umbilicus. However, the two 

species differ in the shape of their peripheries 

(that of E. advenum is acute, not rounded) and in 

wall structure. Elphidium advenum is granular, not 

radial. All our specimens have many sutural 

bridges and fit well within the limits of this 

species' variation. 

Only a few of the specimens referred to this 

species occur north of Fort Pierce Inlet. 
NUMBER 16 37 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310198. Hypotype: 

USNM 310199. (Total: 37; range: 0-6.) 

Optically: granular. 

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 2 

Polystomella excavata Terquem, 1875:25, pl. 2: fig. 2. 

Elphidium incertum var. clavatum Cushman, 1930:20, pl. 7: fig. 

10. 

Elphidium clavatum Cushman.—Loeblich and Tappan, 

1953:98, 99, pl. 19: figs. 8-10.—Todd and Bronniman, 

1957:39, pl. 6: fig. 10.—Buzas, 1965a:58, 59, pl. 2: figs. 6, 

7, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2; 1966:591, pl. 71: figs. 1-8. 

Only a few specimens have the "characteristic 

brown color" of this species, and most of them 

tend to be smaller than specimens from further 

north. Our specimens do have the umbilical 

bosses, sutural bridges, and deep coarse pores 

characteristic of the species. 

This species occurs in low abundance throughout the Indian River but is most abundant at 

John's Island and St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310202. Hypotype: 

USNM 310201. (Total: 493; range: 0-49.) 

Optically: radial. 

Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld) 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 3 

Elphidium gunteri Cole var. galvestonensis Kornfeld, 1931:87, 

pl. 15: fig. 1.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:10, pl. 5: figs. 13, 

14.—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 30: fig. 2. 

Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld).—Parker, Phleger, and 

Peirson, 1953:7, 8, pl. 3: figs. 15, 16. 

We have examined the specimen designated by 

Kornfeld as Elphidium gunteri var. galvestonensis 

Kornfeld, microspheric form (691), later designated by Parker, Phleger, and Peirson (1953) as 

a lectotype. It matches our specimens extremely 

well. Our specimens are large and have an almost 

porcelanous sheen. 

This species occurs mainly in the northern part 

of the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310200. (Total: 26; 

range: 0-4.) 

Optically: radial. 

Elphidium gunteri Cole 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 4 

Elphidium gunteri Cole, 1931:34, pl. 4: figs. 9, 10.—Parker, 

1954:508, pl. 6: fig. 16.—Bandy, 1956:194, pl. 30: fig. 

19.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2: fig. 7. 

This species has deep coarse pores and is frequently brown. The umbilical area is usually 

filled with many glassy pustules. 

This species occurs mostly in the narrow, 

island-filled portion of the river at the John's 

Island and Vero Beach stations. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310203. Hypotype: 

USNM 310204. (Total: 446; range: 0-53.) 

Optically: radial. 

Elphidium kugleri (Cushman and Bronniman) 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 5 

Cribroelphidium kugleri Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a: 18, 

19, pl. 4: fig. 4. 

Specimens flair rapidly and have regular septal 

bridges, as do the primary types. Not all of our 

specimens are so transparent as the types; instead, 

some are a milky white, possibly due to etching. 

Scattered specimens of this species occur 

throughout the river. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310205. (Total: 

110; range: 0-18.) 

Optically: radial. 

Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld 

FIGURE 25; PLATE 8: FIGURE 6 

Elphidium incertum var. mexicanum Kornfeld, 1931:89, pl. 16: 

fig. 1. 

We had the opportunity to examine Kornfeld's 

types. Our material looks most like Kornfeld's 

specimen no. 694. Kornfeld's specimen has 12 

chambers in the final whorl, but ours usually 

have from 9 to 11. In his description, he indicated 

a variation from 10 to 12. The umbilical area on 

our specimens is usually larger than on Kornfeld's 

specimen and is often depressed, whereas it is 

flush on his specimen. Furthermore, our specimens often contain one or more umbilical bosses. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

FIGURE 25.—Elphidium mexicanum, side view, USNM 310289, 

hypotype, X 200. 

but Kornfeld's type does not. In his description, 

however, Kornfeld did use the phrase "umbilical 

region multiple or central," indicating, perhaps, 

that some of the individuals he examined also 

had multiple bosses. Despite the differences noted 

above, we believe our specimens are best referred 

to E. mexicanum. 

This species occurs throughout the Indian 

River but is most abundant at the inlets. 

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310288, 310289. 

Hypotypes: USNM 310290, 310291, 310292, 

310293, 310294, 310295, 310296, 310297. (Total: 

613; range: 0-74.) 

Optically: granular. 

Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 7 

The two specimens that were referred to this 

category are more compressed and flair more 

than Elphidium mexicanum sensu stricto. Their sutures are curved to a slightly greater degree, and 

the sutural bridges are much more regular than 

those of the majority of the E. mexicanum sensu 

stricto specimens. They may represent an extreme 

form of E. mexicanum, but we do not see sufficient 

gradiation between the two forms. 

Both specimens were found in a single Buoy 

195 replicate. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310207. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: granular. 

Elphidium norvangi Buzas, Smith, and Beem 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 8 

Elphidium norvangi Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:96, pl. 7: 

figs. 1-4. 

A few specimens of this distinctive small Elphidium were found. All had the spike-shaped papillae on the apertural face, the unique feature of 

the species. 

Most of the specimens were found at Buoy 195. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310206. (Total: 13; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: radial. 

Elphidium species 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 9 

The walls of these specimens are opaque and 

milky white. The sutures are slightly depressed 

and crossed by regularly spaced sutural bridges. 

There are about 16 chambers in the final whorl; 

they are inflated, making the periphery smoothly 

rounded. 

Two specimens of this granular species were 

found south of the Fort Pierce Inlet. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310208. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978 

Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg) 

PLATE 8: FIGURE 10 

Nonionma germanica Ehrenberg, 1840:23; 1841, pl. 2: figs. 

la-g. 

Nonion germanicum (Ehrenberg).—Cushman, 1930:8, 9, pl. 3: 

fig. 5. 

Nonion lisburyensis Butcher, 1948:21, 22, figs. 1-3. 
NUMBER 16 39 

Protelphidium lisburyense (Butcher).—Parker and Athearn, 

1959:342, pl. 50: figs. 26, 32. 

Nonion depressulum var. malagordanum Kornfeld.—Bock, 

1971:64, pl. 23: fig. 14. 

Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg).—Banner and Culver, 1978, 

pl. 4: figs. 1-6, pl. 5: figs. 1-8, pl. 6: figs. 1-7, pl. 8: figs. 

1-10, pl. 9, figs. 1-11, 15, 18. 

The specimens have granular material in the 

umbilical area and curved, depressed sutures with 

no sutural bridges. As a group our specimens do 

not match those of Banner and Culver (1978) 

exactly, but the two populations show considerable overlap. Our specimens tend to have slightly 

straighter sutures and slightly less granular material in the umbilical area than do those of 

Banner and Culver (1978), but we do not consider 

the difference to be of specific importance. 

This widely distributed species was found in 

low abundance, mostly in the northern half of the 

Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310211. (Total: 53; 

range: 0-11.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808 

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll) 

PLATE 9: FIGURES 1, 2 

Nautilus repandus Fichtel and Moll, 1798:35, pl. 3: figs. a-d. 

Eponides repanda (Fichtel and Moll).—Cushman 1931:49-51, 

pl. 10: fig. 7. 

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll).—Parker, 1954:529, pl. 

9: figs. 27, 28.—Bock, 1971:58, pl. 21: figs. 6, 7. 

A few specimens of this well-known open-water 

species were found near the St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310219. (Total: 6; 

range: 0-2.) 

Genus Cibicides de Montfort, 1808 

Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman) 

PLATE 9: FIGURES 3, 4 

Our four specimens differ from Cibicides floridana sensu stricto in having very indistinct sutures 

and in having a flatter umbilical side. 

Three specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet; 

the fourth was found at Jensen Beach. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310215. (Total: 4; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: granular. 

Cibicides species 

PLATE 9: FIGURES 5, 6 

Our two specimens are small with a flattened, 

but still convex, spiral side. The sutures on the 

umbilical side are radial and extend to the center 

of the specimen. The spiral side is coarsely perforate with a depressed spiral sutural line. 

Both specimens are from Buoy 195. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310216. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Planorbulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Planorbulina mediterranensis d'Orbigny 

PLATE 9: FIGURE 7 

Planorbulina mediterranensis d'Orbigny, 1826:280, pl. 14: figs. 

4-6 [6 bis.].—Cushman, 1922a:45, 46, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2; 

1931:129, 130, pl. 24: figs. 5-8.—Bandy, 1954:137, pl. 31: 

fig. 3.—Parker, 1954:545, pl. 13: fig. 9. 

A single broken representative of this species 

was found at St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310189. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Cymbaloporetta Cushman, 1928 

Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman) 

PLATE 9: FIGURES 8, 9 

Tretomphalus atlanticus Cushman, 1934:86, 87, pl. 11: fig. 3, 

pl. 12: fig. 7.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:26, pl. 14: fig. 3. 

Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and 

Beem, 1977:101, pl. 7: figs. 22-24. 

Two specimens were referred to this species. 

They are large and have the cymbaloporetoid 

chambers on the final whorl. Neither has a float 

chamber as do many of Cushman's specimens. 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Our specimens are slightly more inflated than 

most of those in the Cushman collection. 

One specimen was found at Buoy 195, the 

other at Herman's Bay. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310217. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Cymbaloporetta species 

PLATE 9: FIGURES 10, 11 

A single broken specimen from Herman's Bay 

is thus referred. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310218. (Range: 

0-1; total: 1.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 

Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson) 

PLATE 10: FIGURE 1 

Bulimina pupoides(?) var. fusiformis Williamson, 1858:63, figs. 

129, 130. 

Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson).—Parker, 1952a:417, pl. 19: 

figs. 5, 6; 1952b:461, pl. 4: fig. 10. 

The last three chambers of our specimens make 

up just less than half the length of the test; 

Williamson's drawing shows them making up a 

little more. Our specimens are not so inflated as 

in the drawing by Williamson but do have the 

finely perforate walls and triserial to twisted biserial chamber arrangement he describes for the 

species. 

Almost all the specimens occur at Herman's 

Bay. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310185. (Total: 11; 

range: 0-5.) 

Optically: radial. 

Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman) 

PLATE 10: FIGURE 2 

Virgulina mexicana Cushman, 1922b: 120, pl. 23: fig. 8.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 6-8.—Parker 1954:512, 

pl. 7: figs. 7, 8. 

Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman).—Bock, 1971:62, pl. 23: fig. 

8. 

The test of this species is rather compressed 

and tends toward being biserial. The test generally displays only two or three chambers on one 

side while displaying all of them, 8-10, on the 

other. Our specimens are slightly more compressed than the primary types and have slightly 

more depressed sutures. 

This species is most common in the central 

portion of the Indian River, north and south of 

Fort Pierce Inlet, but not at the inlet itself. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310186. (Total: 18; 

range: 0-7.) 

Optically: granular. 

Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman) 

PLATE 10: FIGURE 3 

Virgulina pontoni Cushman, 1932:19, pl. 2: figs. 26-28.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 9, 10.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:15, pl. 4: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 

1954:513, pl. 7: fig. 9.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 2: fig. 

17. 

Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:102, pl. 8: figs. 7,8. 

This species is compressed laterally and has 

slightly depressed sutures. It is twisted slightly 

about its central axis. 

The specimens were found near St. Lucie Inlet 

and at Buoy 195. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310187. (Total: 4; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Sigmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan, 

1957 

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady) 

PLATE 10: FIGURE 4 

Bolivina tortuosa Brady.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:16, pl. 

3: fig. 22.—Cushman, 1937:133, 134, pl. 17: figs. 11-19; 

1941:10.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 24. 

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:103, 104, pl. 8: figs. 9-12. 
NUMBER 16 41 

Our single specimen has the twisted test and 

coarse pores present in the specimens in the Cushman collection. 

It was found in the St. Lucie transect. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310188. (Total: 1; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: radial. 

Genus Cassidulina d'Orbigny, 1826 

Cassidulina barbara Buzas 

PLATE 10: FIGURE 5 

Cassidulina barbara Buzas, 1965a:25, 26, pl. 5: figs. 2, 3. 

Cassidulina cf. subglobosa.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 

1977:106. 

Two specimens of this species were found, one 

at St. Lucie Inlet and the other at Buoy 195. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310212. (Total: 2; 

range: 0-1.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808 

Nonion boueanum (d'Orbigny) 

PLATE 10: FIGURES 6, 7 

Nonionina boueana d'Orbigny, 1846:108, pi. 5: figs. 11, 12. 

Nonion boueanum (d'Orbigny).—Cushman, 1939:12, 13, pl. 3: 

figs. 7, 8.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 25, 

26. 

This rather large Nonion has about 14 chambers 

in the final whorl and has the curved depressed 

sutures shown in d'Orbigny's drawing and in 

topotypes in the Cushman collection. 

The three specimens were found at Herman's 

Bay. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310224. (Total: 3; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: granular. 

Nonion species 

PLATE 10: FIGURES 8, 9 

The specimens in this category are similar to 

Nonion boueanum in that both species have a round 

outline, are slightly compressed with an angular, 

but not sharp, periphery, and have curved sutures. Nonion sp. A differs from N boueanum, however, in having flush, not depressed, sutures and 

in lacking the final greatly inflated chamber common to N boueanaum. The SEM's show some 

primitive sutural bridges, leading us to suspect 

the Nonion designation. 

A few specimens from the stations just north 

and south of the Fort Pierce Inlet are referred to 

this category. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310225. Mentioned 

specimen: USNM 310226. (Total: 7; range: 0-3.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926 

Nonionella atlantica Cushman 

PLATE 10: FIGURES 10-12 

Nonionella atlantica Cushman, 1947:90, 91, pl. 20: figs. 4, 5.— 

Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 30, 31. 

This species has very inflated chambers and a 

moderate amount of granular material in the 

umbilical region. 

A few specimens of this species were found 

scattered throughout the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310227. (Total: 8; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: granular. 

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland 

PLATE 11: FIGURES 1-3 

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930:192, pl. 5: 

figs. 68-70.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: fig. 

32.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:107. 

This species shows a considerable amount of 

variation. Taxonomic placement of this species is 

complicated by the poor figure of Heron-Allen 

and Earland and the misidentification of many 

of the specimens in the Cushman collection. 

Many of the specimens in the Cushman collection 

are either Nonionella atlantica or Nonion grateloupi. 

The larger specimens of this species seem al-
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

most planispiral. The periphery may be fairly 

acute but is rounded on most specimens. The 

chambers are compressed, and the sutures are 

only slightly depressed. The proloculus is generally visible on the "spiral" side as a large knob, 

the "umbilical" side usually has little or no granular material in it. In smaller specimens the large 

prolocular chamber makes the specimen very trochoid; only the larger later chambers tend toward 

being planispiral. 

This species occurs throughout the Indian 

River but is most abundant in the southern part. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310228. Hypotype: 

USNM 210229. (Total: 458; range: 0-59.) 

Optically: granular. 

Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and 

Earland 

PLATE 11: FIGURES 4-6 

Three specimens were thus referred. They flair 

more rapidly than Nonionella auricula sensu stricto. 

The final chambers tend to be very high and 

long, with very straight sutures. This group seems 

to be more compressed and less trochospiral than 

specimens of similar size that were placed in N 

auricula. 

The specimens were found at Buoy 195 and 

Herman's Bay. 

Figured specimen: USNM 310230. Mentioned 

specimen: USNM 310231. (Total: 3; range: 0-2.) 

Optically: granular. 

Nonionella opima Cushman 

PLATE 11: FIGURES 7-9 

Nonionella opima Cushman, 1947:90, pl. 20: figs. 1-3.—Todd 

and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:11, pl. 3: figs. 32, 33.—Parker, 

1954:507, pl. 6: fig. 10-12.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2: 

figs. 10-11. 

Our specimens have the circular outline and 

inflated final chamber of this distinctive species. 

Very few of our specimens have the curved sutures of Cushman's types. 

This species appears in low numbers throughout the Indian River. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310232. (Total: 11; 

range: 0-3.) 

Optically: granular. 

Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944 

Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman) 

PLATE 11: FIGURES 10, 11 

Truncatulina concentrica Cushman, 1918:64, pl. 21: fig. 3. 

Cibicides concentrica (Cushman).—Cushman, 1931:120, 121, 

pl. 21: figs. 4, 5, pl. 22: figs. 1, 2. 

Cibicides concentncus (Cushman).—Phleger and Parker, 

1951:29, pl. 15: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1952b:445, 446, pl. 

5: fig. 10. 

The holotype of this species is missing; however, the four paratypes designated by Cushman 

were examined. Our specimens do not have sutures that are as depressed as those of the paratypes but otherwise match extremely well. 

All but one of our specimens were collected at 

St. Lucie Inlet. 

Figured hypotype: USNM 310222. (Total: 6; 

range: 0-2.) 

Optically: radial. 
Appendix 

Numbe r of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate Samples 

(Localities are shown in Figure 1) 

43 
SPECIES 

? ALLOGRUMIA 

AMM DM A BECCARII 

AMMOBACULITES TX IGUUS '....'. 

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS 

AMMOBACULITES CK. A. EXILIS 

ARTICULINA CF. A. PACIFICA 

BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA 

BOLIVINA CF. B. COMPACTA 

BOL I VlniA PAULA 

BOLIVINA STRIATULA 

BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA 

BOLIVINA SP. A 

BOLIVINA SP. b 

BuLlMlNA ACCULEATA 

BULiMlNtLLA ELEGANTISSIMA 

CASSIDULINA BARBARA 

CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA 

CIBICIDES SP 

CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS 

CYMBALOPOHETT A AILANTICA 

CYMBALOPORETTA bP. A 

EDENTOSTOMINA CULTRATA 

EDENTOSTOMINA CF . E , CULTRATA... 

ELPHIDIUM ADvENUM 

ELPhlDIUM EXCAVATUM 

ELPHlUiiUM GALVESTONENSE 

ELPHIDIUM GUNTERI 

C.LPH1D1UM KUGLERI..... 

ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM 

ELPHIDIUM CF. E. MEXICANUM 

ELfHlDlUM NORVANGI 

ELPHIDIUM SP. A 

EPOMDE S REPANDUS 

FISSURINA LUCIDA 

FISSURINA SP. A 

FURSEHKOIN A FUSIFORMIS 

FURSENKOINA MEXICANA 

FURSENKOINA PONTONI , 

GAUDRYINA EXILIS , 

GLABKATELL A SP , 

GLABRATELLINA SAGRAI , 

HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA , 

HAYNESINA GERMANICA , 

HOPKINSINA PAClfICA , 

HOPKINSINA CF. ri. PACIFICA , 

ISrlA.'lELLA APERTURA 

LAGENA CF. L. DOVEYENSIS 

MASSILINA SP. A 

MILIULiNELLA SUBROTUNDA 

MILIOLINELLA CF. M. SUBROTUNDA... 

"t MILIOLINELLA SP. A 

MYCHOSlCMlNA REVERTENS 

NUNI ON BOUEANUM 

NOMO N SP 

NONIONELLA ATLANTICA 

NONIONELLA AURICULA 

NONIONELLA CF. N. AURICULA 

NONIONELLA OPIMA 

PAETEORIS DILITATA 

? PAVUMN A SP 

PENEROPLIS PERTUSUS 

PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS 

UUINUUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS 

UUINUUtLOCULlNA CF . 0. AKNERIANA. 

UUINUULLOCUUIN A CF. 0. BIDENTATA, 

UUINUUELOCULINA CARINATA-STRIATA. 

QUINUUELOCULINA GOESI 

QUINUUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANA..... 

UUINUUELOCULINA IMpRESSA , 

OulNUUcLOCULINA POEYANA 

UUINUUELOCULINA SEMINULA 

UUINUUELOCULINA CF . 0. STRIATA... 

UUINUUELOCULINA TENAGOS 

OUINUUELUCULIN A SP. A 

REuPnAA NANA 

ROSALINA tuLBOSA 

ROSALINA CON CI N.I A 

ROSALINA fLORIDANA 

ROSALINA AFF. A. FLORIDENSIS 

RUSALlNA GLOBULARIS 

HOSAbiNA SUBARAUCANA 

ROSALIN A JUVENILES 

SCUTULORIS SP. A 

SIGMAVIRGULINA IORTLOSA 

SORITES MARGINALIS 

SPIROLOCULINA UtPR ESSA 

Si'EISuNIA MI NUI A 

TRIFARINA OCClDtNTALI S 

lRlLOCULINA CH. T. TRIGONULA 

rRUCrtM.'UNA Cf . T. ADVENA 

IRUCnAMlNA OCHRACEA 

IROCH«MIN A S P A 

? TUBINELLA SP. A 

AEISJERELL A AURICULATA 

ToIA L 

HAULOVER 

1 2 j 

78 29 22 22 

23 3 1 2 

7 21 1 

BANANA 

1 3 4 

30 6B 39 

2 

48 

2 

22 

28 

28 

35 

19 

75 

9 214 

2 5 

SEBASTIAN 

1 2 3 4 

35 100 4a 90 

2 5 

4 7 11 12 

1 7 1 5 

1 2 

2 

21 38 30 44 

1 1 2 1 

JOHN'S ISLAND 

2 2 ' 3 3* 4 4 ' 5 

102 1*1 137 156 25 28 H5 11 54 

2 2 

18 

2 

4 

63 

3 

4 

2 

72 

2 

25 

40 

1 

4 

14 2 0 71 

5 8 4 2 2 

1 2 

1 1 

1 2 

3 3 1 

1 2 0 2 7 

2 1 1 

10 92 

1 

24 

173 114 134 13/ 57 31b 7S 87 169 166 176 1JH 300 411 312 bS 7(1 H O 32 202 
VEHO BEACH 

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 

LINKPORT 

1 1* 2 2' 3 3' 

JIM'S FLAT 

1 2 3 

BUOY 195 

2 2' 3 3' 

16 58 135 233 55 31 U O 69 120 7b 

1 2 2 

1 4 

108 113 59 101 24 10 

1 1 1 

58 45 157 52 141 377 96 220 46 143 103 131 323 194 

1 4 

1 2 i 23 

1 28 57 6 

2 1 

14 14 7 23 15 3 16 4 14 4 33 38 18 38 6 74 131 101 25 41 

4 6 1 1 3 2 

5 6 2 12 1 1 17 3 25 7 10 25 13 25 4 6U 92 62 

3 16 67 2 

5 

5 

2 

14 

52 

2 

3 

2 

3 

1 

3 37 

2 

2 

1 

1 

8 

53 

2 

6 

3 

1 

50 

12 

20 

10 

48 

8 

24 

14 

20 

2 

1 

5 

17 

3 

1 

3 

10 

6 

4 

1 

2 

1 2 

1 

3 5 1 

3 5 6 

9 1 20 11 

1 1 

5 2 

8 26 1 11 

1 2 

2 1 1 

1 

11 II 

1 

67 6 5 

1 

15 15 19 

5 15 35 35 18 

1 1 

13 7 10 10 2 

1 15 

1 6 

2 

3 

13 

32 

9 

17 

2 

5 

2 

1 2 

I 

2 

4 

52 

26 

21 

42 

3 

81 

38 

1 

23 

4 

4 

3 

1 

15 

1 

6 5 

10 17 

50 157 260 403 131 42 225 96 272 224 174 165 81 192 74 24 179 200 462 177 223 533 153 323 63 374 411 350 406 325 
HERMAN'S BAY JENSEN BEACH 

SPECIES 1 1' 2 2' 3 2' 3 3' 

? ALLOGROMIA 3 2 2 

1 

97 15 0 

1 2 

3 

1 2 

8 14 

1 

4 5 

2 

1 

5 

18 

2 9 

2 

1 

10 

1 

2 7 1 

3 

98 

127 136 7 19 2 35 1 3 49 49 

AMMONIA BECCARII 196 69 30 26 106 119 59 68 45 41 

AMMOBACULITES EXIGUUS 

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS

 3 

AMMOBACULITES CF. A. EXILIS 11 4 20 17 1 3 

ARTICULINA CF. A. PACIFICA 

BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA 2 4 1 

BOLIVINA CF. B. COMPACTA 

BOLIVINA PAULA Il l _* 

BOLIVINA STRIATULA 

BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA 

BOLIVINA SP. A 

BOLIVINA SP. B 

BULIMINA ACCULEATA 

BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA 

CASSIDULINA BARBARA 

CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA 

CIBICIDES SP 

CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS 1 1 

CYMBALOPORETTA ATLANTICA 1 

CYMBALOPORETTA SP. A 1 

EDENTOSTOMINA CULTRATA 1 1 

EDENTOSTOMINA CF. E. CULTRATA..... 

ELPHIDIUM ADVENUM 1 1 2 1 5 

ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM 2 1 5 1 

ELPHIDIIUM GALVESTONENSE 3 1 

ELPHIDIUM GUNTERI 1 1 2 3 2 1 7 1 11 

ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI 9 2 

ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM 1 1 2 1 1 13 

ELPHIDIUM CF. E. MEXICANUM 

ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI... ! 

ELPHIDIUM SP. A.... 1 

EPONIDES REPANDUS... 

FISSURINA LUCIDA 1 l 

FISSURINA SP. A.... 

FURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS 2 1 1 2 3 

FURSENKOINA MEXICANA

 7 * 

FURSENKOINA PONTONI 

GAUDRYINA EXILIS 2 2 

GLABRATELLA SP 

GLABRATELLINA SAGRAI 1 3 1 1 

HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA 

HAYNESINA GERMANICA. 1 1 2 

HOPKINSINA PACIFICA 2 6 2 6 3 3 

HOPKINSINA CF. H. PACIFICA 

ISHAMELLA APERTURA 

LAGENA CF. L. DUVEYENSIS 1 3 2 1 

MASSILINA SP. A 

MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDA 

MILIOLINELLA CF. M. SUBROTUNDA..'.. 

? MILIOLINELLA SP. A 

MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENS 1 

NONION BOUEANUM 1 2 

NONION SP

 3 

NONIONELLA ATLANTICA 

NONIONELLA AURICULA 10 31 4 4 59 29 23 4 3 

NONIONELLA CF. N. AURICULA 1 

NONIONELLA OPIMA 1 1 

PAETEORIS DILITATA 

? PAVONINA SP 

PENEROPLIS PERTUSUS 

PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS 

QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS 1 3 

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. Q. AKNERIANA.. 1 

QUINUUELOCULINA CF. Q. BIDENTATA.. 2 5 

QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATA-STRIATA.. 1 

QUINQUELOCULINA GOESI 1 3 2 5 1 

QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANA 

QUINQUELOCULINA IMPRESSA 51 5 2 1 10 2 30 

QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANA 11 4 1 6 

UUINUUELOCULINA SEMINULA 33 1 14 22 3 21 2 22 6 1 49 

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. 0. STRIATA....

 l 

UUINUUELOCULINA TENAGOS 3 

QUINQUELOCULINA SP. A 

REOPHAX NANA ' 

ROSALINA BULBOSA, 

31 21 53 59 

3 

1 

4 

1 

5 

1 

1 

9 

1 

ROSALINA CONCINNA.... 1 2 

ROSALINA FLORIDANA 4 2 2 8 

ROSALINA AFF. A. FLORIDENSIS 

ROSALINA GLOBULARIS 2 2 2 1 10 

ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA.

 1 

ROSALINA JUVENILES 1 

SCUTULORIS SP. A 4 

SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSA 

SORITES MARGINALIS 

SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSA * 

STETSONIA MINUTA 

TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS 

TRILOCULINA CF. T. TRIGONULA 7 

TROCHAMINA CF. T. ADVENA 

TROCHAMINA OCHRACEA.... 

TROCHAMINA SP A 

? TUBINELLA SP. A 

WEISNERELLA AURICULATA. 

TOTAL 

2 

333 76 176 284 209 176 564 301 309 71 16 267 46 122 18 45 170 192 20 43 
2 

12 

2 

4 9 

10 

2 

2 0 

1 

2 5 

1 

10 

16 

ST. LUCIE TRANSECT ST. LUCIE INLET 

SPECIES i 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 1 2 3 4 

1 ALLOGROMIA 

AMMONIA BECCARII 395 499 lg 1 0 u lt 246 139 7 4 24 143 78 54 

AMMOBACULITES EXIGUUS 1 

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS 2 1 

AMMOBACULITES CF. A. EXILIS 

ARTICULINA CF. A. PACIFICA 

BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA 

BOLIVINA CF. B. COMPACTA 

BOLIVINA PAULA j t 1 11 5 1 3 

BOLIVINA STRIATULA 50 63 4 2 92 107 1 12 17 41 23 

BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA 1 1 1 3 3 5 2 

BOLIVINA SP. A 

BOLIVINA SP. B ! 

BULIMINA ACCULEATA 2 1 

BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA 37 4 b 10 8 54 3 51 109 118 

CASSIDULIN A BARBARA ! 

CIBICIDE S AFF . C. FLORIDANA 3 

CIBICIDE S SP 

CYCLOGYRA PLANORBI S 1 \ 4 8 6 16 

CYMBALOPORETT A ATLANTIC A 

CYMBALOPORETT A SP . A 

EDENTOSTOMIN A CULTRAT A 1 

EDENTOSTOMIN A CF . E . CULTRAT A 

ELPHIDIUM AOVENUM 6 2 

ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM 2 1 1 5 11 1 

ELPHID1IUM GALVESTONENS E 

ELPHIDIUM GUNTER I J 

ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI 1 2 3 

ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM 74 53 9 15 11 2 

ELPHIDIUM CF . E . MEXICANUM 

ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI...' 1 2 

ELPHIDIUM SP . A 

EPONIDE S REPANDU S 1 2 2 1 

FISSURINA LUCID A 4 

T1SSURINA SP. A....- j 

TURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS 1 

FURSENKOINA MEXICANA 

FURSENKOINA PONTONI ! t 

GAUDRYINA EXILIS 10 3 1 1 17 7 1 1 

GLABRATELLA SP 

GLABRATELLINA SAGRAI 1 2 1 1 

HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA 1 11 2 

HAYNESINA GERMANICA 3 ! j 1 

HOPKINSINA PACIFICA..,. 1 

HOPKINSINA CF. H. PACIFICA 

ISHAMELLA APERTURA x 

LAGENA CF. L. D0VEYEN5IS 1 

MASSILINA SP. A 

MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDA 

MILIOLINELLA CF. M. SUBROTUNDA.... 

? MILIOLINELLA SP. A 1 

MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENS 1 

NONION BOUEANUM 

NONION SP 

NONIONELLA ATLANTICA 3 

NONIONELLA AURICULA.. 37 46 8 23 3 4 7 3 

NONIONELLA CF. N. AURICULA 

NONIONELLA OPIMA 

PAETEORIS DILITATA 3 

7 PAVONINA SP 1 

PENEROPLIS PERTUSUS 2 3 1 1 

PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS 1 

QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS 1 1 

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. Q. AKNERIANA.. 1 4 4 

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. Q. BIDENTATA.. 

QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATA-STRIATA.. j 

QUINQUELOCULINA GOESI 

QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANA 2 

QUINQUELOCULINA IMPRESSA 28 11 1 1 4 2 6 5 

QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANA 1 5 2 1 1 

UUINUUELOCULINA SEMINULA 90 192 2 6 1 70 20 4 2 7 7 20 5 

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. Q. STRIATA.... 

UUINUUELOCULINA TENAGOS 

QUINQUELOCULINA SP. A 

REOPHAX NANA 7 

ROSALINA BULBOSA 1 

ROSALINA CONCINNA.... 6 

ROSALINA FLORIDANA 2 4 5 3 1 6 1 1 5 1 

ROSALINA AFF. A. FLORIDENSIS 

ROSALINA GLOBULARIS 27 451 1 7 36 4 

ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA. 1 8 2 

ROSALINA JUVENILES 1 2 

SCUTULORIS SP. A 1 2 1 

SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSA 1 

SORITES MARGINALIS 2 3 

SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSA 

STETSONIA MINUTA j j 

TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS 2 1 1 2 1 

TRILOCULINA CF. T. TRIGONULA 1 

TROCHAMINA CF. T. ADVENA 1 

TROCHAMINA OCHRACEA 1 g 7 

TROCHAMINA SP A 

? TUBINELLA SP. A 

WEISNERELLA AURICULATA 11 4 1 2 3 5 

TOTAL • 767 944 46 27 27 23 645 379 39 26 94 322 338 240 
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5 2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 1 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Reophax nana Rhumbler 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310285, X 205. 

Ammobaculites exigiuus Cushman and Bronniman 

2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310280, X 195. 

3. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310280, X 350. 

Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman 

4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310281, X 90. 

5. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310281, X 190. 

Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and Bronniman 

6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, X 60. 

7. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, X 95. 

Trochamina cf. advena Cushman 

8. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, X 475. 

9. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, X 500. 

Trochamina ochracea (Williamson) 

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310287, X 540. 

11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310287, X 540. 

Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman 

12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310283, X 155. 

13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310284, X 395. 

Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze) 

14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310247, X 220. 

Edentostomina cultrata (Brady) 

15. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310248, X 80. 

16. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310248, X 105. 

Weisnerella auriculata (Egger) 

17. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310279, X 300. 
NUMBER 16 53 
^ 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 2 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Spiroloculina depressa d'Orbigny 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310276, X 60. 

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310276, X 95. 

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d'Orbigny 

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310260, X 215. 

4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310260, X 380. 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310261, X 215. 

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310261, X 390. 

Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana d'Orbigny 

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, X 105. 

8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, X 160. 

Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d'Orbigny 

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, X 160. 

10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, X 275. 

Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner) 

11. Edge view, hypotype, USNM 310264, X 235. 

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310264, X 400. 

13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310264, X 240. 

Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner) 

14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310265, X 100. 

15. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310265, X 185. 

16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310266, X 90. 

17. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310266, X 160. 
NUMBER 16 55 
5 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 3 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Quinqueloculina gualtieriana d'Orbigny 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310267, X 230. 

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310267, X 300. 

Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss 

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310268, X 210. 

4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310268, X 295. 

Quinqueloculina poeyana d'Orbigny 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310269, X 325. 

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310269, X 550. 

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne) 

7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310270, X 170. 

8. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310270, X 300. 

Quinqueloculina cf. striata d'Orbigny 

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 145. 

10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 270. 

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker 

11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310272, X 165. 

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310272, X 280. 

Quinqueloculina species 

13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 120. 

14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 170. 

PMassilina species 

15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, X 80. 

16. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, X 100. 
NUMBER 16 57 
5 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 4 

(Micrographs reduce to 52.5%) 

Paeteoris dilitata (d'Orbigny) 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310258, X 310. 

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310258, X 320. 

Trioculina cf. trigonula (Lamarck) 

3. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 160. 

4. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 220. 

Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu) 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 200. 

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 210. 

Milwlinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu) 

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 250. 

8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 260. 

PMiliolinella species 

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 250. 

10. Apertura] view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 185. 

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) 

11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310246, X 175. 

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310246, X 200. 

Scutuloris species 

13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, X 205. 

14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, X 260. 

PTubinella species 

15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310278, X 280. 

Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman 

16. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310245, X 120. 
NUMBER 16 59 
6 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 5 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310259, X 220. 

Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes 

2. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310182, X 230. 

Fissurina lucida (Williamson) 

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310183, X 565. 

Fissurina species 

4. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310184, X 390. 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310214, X 260. 

Bolivina cf. compacta Sidebottom 

6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310192, X 215. 

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill 

7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310193, X 250. 

Bolivina striatula Cushman 

8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310194, X 110. 

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden 

9. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310195, X 330. 

Bolivina sp. A 

10. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310196, X 180. 

Bolivina sp. B 

11. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310197, X 170. 

Bulimina acculeata d'Orbigny 

12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310209, X 425. 

PPavonina species 

13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310233, X 210. 

Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman 

14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310190, X 275. 

Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman 

15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310191, X 245. 

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman) 

16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310210, X 195. 

Rosalina bulbosa (Parker) 

17. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 301234, X 520. 

18. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 301234, X 490. 

19. Side view, attached to Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, 

USNM 310235, X 550. 
NUMBER 16 61 
6 2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 6 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Rosalina concinna (Brady) 

1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310237, X 290. 

2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310237, X 290. 

Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman) 

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, X 225. 

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, X 225. 

Rosalina floridana (Cushman) 

5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310238, X 230. 

6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310238, X 250. 

Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny 

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310240, X 285. 

8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310240, X 255. 

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman) 

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 355. 

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 375. 

11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310242, X 195. 

12. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310242, X 175. 
NUMBER 16 63 
6 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 7 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Stetsonia minuta Parker 

1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310244, X 450. 

2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310244, X 450. 

Glabratella species 

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, X 440. 

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, X 455. 

Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman) 

5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310221, X 360. 

6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310221, X 375. 

Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler) 

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310223, X 165. 

8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310223, X 165. 

Ammonia beccarii (Linne) 

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310213, X 200. 

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310213, X 205. 
NUMBER 16 65 
6 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 8 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Elphidium advenum (Cushman) 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310198, X 255. 

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) 

2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310202, X 215. 

Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld) 

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310200, X 105. 

Elphidium gunteri Cole 

4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310203, X 205. 

Elphidium kugleri (Cushman and Bronniman) 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310205, X 130. 

Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld 

6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310288, X 240. 

Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld 

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310207, X 180. 

Elphidium norvangi Buzas, Smith, and Beem 

8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310206, X 485. 

Elphidium species 

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310208, X 135. 

Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg) 

10. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310211, X 225. 
NUMBER 16 67 
6 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 9 

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) 

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll) 

1. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310219, X 140. 

2. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310219, X 130. 

Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman) 

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 3102215, X 170. 

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310215, X 180. 

Cibicides species 

5. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, X 420. 

6. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, X 440. 

Planorbulina mediterranensis d'Orbigny 

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310189, X 195. 

Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman) 

8. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310217, X 240. 

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310217, X 250. 

Cymbaloporetta species 

10. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, X 395. 

11. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, X 410. 
NUMBER 16 69 
7 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 10 

(Micrographs reduced to 53%) 

Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson) 

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310185, X 240. 

Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman) 

2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310186, X 215. 

Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman) 

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310187, X 150. 

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady) 

4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310188, X 350. 

Cassidulina barbara Buzas 

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310212, X 390. 

Nonion boueanum (d'Orbigny) 

6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310224, X 90. 

7. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310244, X 90. 

Nonion species 

8. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, X 100. 

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, X 100. 

Nonionella atlantica Cushman 

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130. 

11. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130. 

12. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130. 
NUMBER 16 71 
7 2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 11 

(Micrographs reduced to 53%) 

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland 

1. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310228, X 250. 

2. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310228, X 250. 

3. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310228, X 250. 

Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and Earland 

4. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210. 

5. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210. 

6. Involute side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210. 

Nonionella opima Cushman 

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310232, X 190. 

8. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310232, X 200. 

9. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310232, X 195. 

Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman) 

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310222, X 165. 

11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310222, X 165. 
NUMBER 16 73