Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 163 Series 0, Underground Waters, 59 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX

UM)EKGKOUND-WATEK LITEEATUEE

PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES

IN 1905

BY

MYRON L. FULLER, FREDERICK G. CLAPP, 

AND BERTRAND L. JOHNSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1906
Water-Sapply aud Irrigation Paper No. 163 Series 0, Underground Waters, 59 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIBECTOB

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX

UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES

19O5

BY

MYEON L. FULLEE, FEEDEEICK G. CLAPP, 

AND BEETEAND L. JOHNSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1906

CONTENTS.

Page. 

Introduction..__._____________-.___-._____. ..._.._...........----.....^.- 5

List of publications examined-.. _. ..^.................................. 6

Bibliographic review __________________________________________ ._-_-_..- 9

Index .................. __--..-.___..___.__.__..._..___._.__._----.--- 83

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW AND INDEX OF UNDERGROUND-WATER 

LITERATURE PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1905.

By MYRON L. FUIXER, FREDERICK G. CLAPP, and BEETRAND L. JOHNSON.

INTRODUCTION.

To meet the urgent need which was felt for more definite information as to 

underground-water publications in the United States, plans for bibliographies 

of such literature were made, in 1903, on the organization of the division of 

hydrology. A bibliography of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey, which has been the leading contributor to such literature, was prepared 

in accordance with these plans and published in 1905.

The scope of the present bibliography has been extended to cover all publications in the United States which seemed likely to contain important references 

to underground waters, technical and trade journals as well as the more strictly 

scientific contributions being reviewed. The reports of the Canadian Geological 

Survey are also included. The list of publications examined will be found on 

page 6. The attempt has been made to render this compilation as complete 

as possible, to which end not only have the papers dealing mainly with underground waters been reviewed but many general papers have been scanned for 

incidental references. There are 721 titles in the bibliography.

As in the case of the previous bibliography, two distinct classes of readers 

were kept in mind in preparing the index, the first including those who are 

interested in the underground-water resources of special regions and the second 

those who are interested in some particular type of ground water or in one or 

more of the many problems of ground-water occurrence. For the benefit of the 

first class, comprehensive entries are given under States and other political or 

natural divisions, while the numerous subject entries will appeal to readers of 

the second class. The aim has been to assemble the subject entries into comprehensive groups, each including all references to papers containing material 

bearing on the subject of the group. The State entries will be found the most 

complete, as they include many which it is impossible to classify satisfactorily.

The subj-ect entries, as in the preceding bibliography, are grouped into series 

of what may be termed principal subject entries, but a large number of entries, 

including those which it was impracticable to classify, together with numerous 

cross references, are included with the view of increasing the usefulness of the 

index.

5
6 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATUKE IN

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS EXAMINED.

The publications examined in preparing this bibliography and index include 

such of the following as were published in 1905 and received at the Department 

libraries in Washington prior to March 1, 1906.

Alabama Geological Survey : Bulletin ; Index to Mineral Resources

American Academy of Arts and Sciences: Proceedings.

American Academy of Natural Sciences: Proceedings.

American Chemical Journal.

American Chemical Society: Journal.

American Geographical Society : Bulletin.

American Institute of Mining Engineers: Bimonthly Bulletin.

American Journal of Science.

American Philosophical Socitey : Proceedings.

American Society of Civil Engineers: Proceedings and Transactions.

American Waterworks Association : Proceedings.

Appalachia.

Association of Civil Engineers of Cornell University : Transactions.

Association of Engineering Societies : Journal.

Boston Society of Natural History: Proceedings.

California Journal of Technology.

Canada Geological Survey : Summary Report for 1904.

Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook.

Cassier's Magazine.

Census of the Philippine Islands for 1903.

Chemical Engineer.

Colorado Scientific Society : Proceedings.

Compressed Air.

Connecticut State Board of Health : Twenty-seventh Annual Report.

Daily Consular Reports.

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society : Journal.

Engineering and Mining Journal.

Engineering Magazine.

Engineering News.

Engineering Record.

Engineering Society of Western Pennsylvania: Proceedings.

Engineers' Club of Philadelphia : Proceedings.

Experiment Station Record.

Forestry and Irrigation.

Franklin Institute : Journal.

Georgia Geological Survey : Bulletin.

Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology: Bulletin. '

Illinois Society of Engineers and Surveyors: Twentieth Annual Report.

Indiana, Department of Geology and Natural Resources : Annual Report.

Iowa Geological Survey : Annual Report for 1904.

Irrigation.

Irrigation Age.

Irrigation Aid.

Journal of Geography.

Journal of Physical Chemistry.

Kansas State Board of Health: Second Biennial Report.

Louisiana Geological Survey : Bulletins.

Michigan Geological Survey : Reports.

Mines and Minerals.

Mining and Scientific Press.

Mining Magazine. - Mining Reporter.

Missouri Geological Survey : Biennial Report.

Monthly Weather Review.

Municipal Engineering.

New England Waterworks Association: Journal.

New Jersey Geological Survey : Annual Report.

New Jersey State Board of Health : Report for 1904.

New York Academy of Sciences : Annals.

New York State Museum: Bulletins.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 7

North Carolina Geological Survey: Bulletins, vol. 1.

North Carolina State Board of Health: Tenth Report.

Philippine Commission: Report for 1904.

Popular Science Monthly.

Proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress, El Paso, Tex., 1904.

Progressive Age.

Science.

Scientific American.

Scientific American Supplement.

School of Mines Quarterly.

Smlthsonian Institution: Annual Report.

Technical World Magazine.

Technology Quarterly.

United States Department of Agriculture: Annual Reports; Farmers' Bulletins; Secretary's Report; Twentieth Annual Report; Yearbook.

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry : Bulletins ; Circulars.

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Soils: Bulletins; Field Operations 

for 1904.

United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations: Bulletins.

United States Geological Survey : Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Annual Reports; Bulletins ; Folios; Mineral Resources for 1904 ; Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers.

United States National Museum : Proceedings.

University of California: Bulletin of the Department of Geology.

Washington Academy of Science : Proceedings.

Water and Forest.

Western Society of Engineering: Journal.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW.

A.

1 Adams (Frank). The distribution and use of water in the Modesto and 

Turlock irrigation districts, California.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., TJ. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 93-139, 3 pis., 1 fig. 

Discusses rise of water table due to irrigation (pp. 126-129).

2 Adams (George I.). Summary of the water supply of the Ozark region in 

northern Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 179-182, 

1 fig.

Classifies the springs of the region on the basis of their relations to 

various limestone, sandstone, dolomite, and shale formations, and notes 

- their extensive use for health resorts.

3 Alexander (A. B.). How tile drainage improves a soil.

Twentieth Ann. Rept. 111. Soc. Eng. and Surv., pp. 66-68.

A discussion of the benefits obtained by underdrainage. Excess soil 

water may be due to rainfall or seepage from soils at higher levels. Discusses the relation of the level of the ground water table to plant life 

and the movements resulting in a saturated soil from alternate freezing 

and thawing.

4 Alien (Kenneth). The sanitary protection of water supplies.

Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. 160, pp. 297-323.

Mentions the epidemic caused by the pollution of the Broad street well 

In London in 1854 ; Frankland's experiments on the life of typhoid bac 

teria in deep-well waters; examination by Whlpple of the depth of 

penetration of bacteria Into the sands of Long Island; use of copper sulphate in the purification of a polluted spring water. States that artesian 

waters contain no bacteria.

5 Anderson (George E.). Well-boring machinery and pumps in China. 

Dally Consular Repts. no. 2170, Dept. Com. and Labor, pp. 10-11. 

Discusses need of wells, well-boring machinery, pumps, and undergroundwater, supplies In Chinese cities.

6 Arnold (Ralph). Coal in Clallam County, Washington. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 413-421.

Notes an abandoned 1,500-foot well (p. 415) and gives a well record 

(P. 418).

7 Ashley (George H.). Water resources of the Middlesboro-Harlan region of 

southeastern Kentucky.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 177-178. 

Describes one flowing artesian well from the Lee conglomerate. Mentions abundance of good springs.
10 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

8 Ashley (George H.). Water resources of the Nicholas quadrangle, West 

Virginia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 64-66.

Outlines the underground-water conditions, stating that shallow wells 

are largely used on the ridges, while springs are an important source of 

water on the slopes and in valleys. A few deep wells and a waterworks 

system are located at Richwood. The shallow wells are likely to go dry 

in summer, but the springs, although small, are more constant. The horizon of the Gauley coal is characterized by many springs. The conditions 

are considered favorable for artesian wells.

9 Atkinson (James P.). Shallow-well waters of Brooklyn. 

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, p. 987. 

Concludes that the wells are in serious danger of pollution by sewage.

10 Ayrs (O. L.), Mooney (Charles N.) and. Soil survey of the Greenville 

area., Tennessee-North Carolina.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 493- 

525, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Mooney (Charles N.) and Ayrs (O. L.).

B.

11 Babb (Cyrus C.) and Hoyt (John C.). Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part VII, Hudson Bay, 

Minnesota, Wapsipinicon, Iowa, Des Moines, and Missouri River 

drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 130, U. S. Geol. Survey, 204 pp.

Gives measurements of seepage (p. 102) and of Giant springs in Montana (p. 192).

12 Bain (H. Foster). Zinc and lead deposits of northwestern Illinois.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 246, 56 pp., 5 pis., 3 figs.

Describes enlargement of joint cracks in limestone through solution by 

underground waters (pp. 31-32) and deposition of ores in the cavities (p. 

33). Describes relation of ores to level and circulation of underground 

water (pp. 35-36, 46-50). Gives drill record (p. 42).

13 The fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 255, 70 pp.

Considers the relation of ores to underground waters (p. 42) and notes 

the presence of water channels in the ore bodies (p. 47). The conditions 

of ore deposition in relation to underground waters are also discussed 

(pp. 57, 62, 66).

14 Principal American fluorspar deposits.

Min. Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 115-119, 1 fig.

Kentucky-Illinois deposits believed to have been formed by heated waters 

more or less directly connected with igneous intrusions.

15 The progress of economic geology in 1905.

Min. Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 465-473, 2 figs.

A brief summary of recent works on the agency of meteoric and magmatic 

waters in ore genesis is given (pp. 468 469).

16 Barber (Emmet). Pumping water by compressed air.

Irrigation Age, vol. 21, pp. 9-10, 4 figs.

Describes the use of compressed air in pumping water from an artesian 

well 865 feet deep at Waukena, Cal. A natural flow of 600 gallons per 

minute was increased to 2,400 gallons per minute by the use of compressed 

air.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 11

17 Barbour (F. A.)- The sewage-disposal works at Saratoga, N. Y.

Jour. Assoc. Eng. Soc., vol. 34, pp. 33-59, 28 figs.

Gives depth of water table as 16 feet below the surface at the filter beds 

and states that most of the filtrate runs off through the ground without 

appreciably raising the water table (p. 50).

18 Bayley (W. S.). Maine.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Papers no. 114, U. S. Qeol. Survey, pp. 41-56, 1 fig. 

Mentions conditions necessary for wells (p. 42). Describes city supply of 

Castine derived from driven wells (pp. 43, 46-47). Describes distribution 

of dug, drilled, driven, and bored wells, and gives map of flowing and 

nearly flowing wells (pp. 47-49). Gives table of 27 communities obtaining 

public supply from springs (p. 46). Describes distribution of ordinary and 

commercial springs (pp. 48-50), and gives table of 47 commercial springs, 

with their yields, temperatures, and analyses (pp. 51 56).

19 Beaumont Journal. Some Texas canals and wells. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 1, no. 6, p. 9. 

Gives a list of canals supplied by well water and used for irrigation.

'20 Bennett (Frank) and Ely (Charles W.). Soil survey of Marshall County, 

Ind.

Field OperatioSs of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 689- 

706, 1 map, 1 fig.

Mentions occurrence of springs and flowing artesian wells in the drift 

(p. 693).

21 and Griffin (A. M.). Soil survey of the Oraugeburg area, South 

Carolina.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 185- 

205, 1 map, 1 fig.

Mentions depth to water in various sections, and in artesian wells at 

Bowman and Branchville (p. 188).

22 Bigelow (Henry B.). The shoal-water deposits of the Bermuda Banks: 

Contributions from the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, 

No. 5.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 40, pp. 557-592, 4 maps.

The limestones of which the islands consist were consolidated from windblown sand by the action of percolating waters. Short descriptions of the 

caves, sinks, and subterranean channels in these limestones are given.

23 Bigelow (W. D.). Foods and food control, revised to July 1, 1905.

Bull. Bureau of Chem., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 69 (revised), pts. 1 and 2, 

1905, 200 pp.

States the laws of Connecticut (p. 96) and Indiana (p. 179) regarding 

pollution of spring and well water.

24 Bingelmann (M.). Ground water.

Jour. Agr. Prat., new ser., vol. 8, pp. 739-741, 5 figs.; pp. 771-773> 7 

flgs. Abstract: Exp. Sta. Record, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 118.

Discusses briefly the conditions which influence the percolation and level 

of ground water and the formation of springs.

25 Blanchard (C. J.). The to-morrow of Nevada.

Irrigation, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 5-6, 3 figs.

Mentions the sinking of the mountain streams into the sands of the 

desert and notes the availability of the underflow of streams and artesian 

water for the irrigation of the arid lands.
12 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

26 Blanchard (C. J.). Reclamation work in southern California.

Sci. Am., vol. 92, pp. 499.

A general description of the underground water resources of the area is 

given. Notes the use of seepage water, artesian-well water, and water 

from tunnels in the mountains in irrigation. Describes artesian conditions 

in the valleys and plains. Notes decline of water level due to immense 

drain on the underground waters for irrigation and other purposes, and 

mentions the work of the United States Geological Survey in making 

observations on the fluctuations of ground-water levels in the area.

27 Blatchley (W. S.). The clays and clay industries of Indiana.

Twenty-ninth Ann. Kept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., pp. 13-657, 

32 pis., 10 figs.

Discusses origin of kaolin through agency of percolating water (pp. 56- 

57) ; gives records of many bore holes and wells, some flowing (pp. 102- 

501), and chemical analyses of spring and well water (pp. 185, 193, 349).

28 The petroleum industry in Indiana in 1904.

Twenty-ninth Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., pp. 781-799. 

Gives several brief records of oil wells (pp. 782-787).

29 Boltwood (Bertram B.). On the radio-active properties of the waters of the 

springs on the Hot Springs Reservation, Hot Springs, Ark.

Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 20, pp. 128-132.

Samples of water from 44 of the springs were examined for radio-active 

gases and solids. The tufa of some of the springs was also examined. 

Describes the results obtained, gives the location, total flow, temperatures, 

and total solids in the springs, and states that no connection can be 

established between these properties and the radio-active properties.

30 Booth (W. H.). Air-lift pumps.

Compressed Air, vol. 10, pp. 3403-3407, 3 figs. Also in Electrical 

Review (Bng.).

Mentions the existence of many artesian wells in the vicinity of London 

the water of which is used in the raising of water cress. The temperature 

of the water is given as 51°. Many of the wells do not flow now because 

of excessive use of the underground waters by waterworks.

31 Booth (William M.), Boiler waters and their treatment.

Chemical Engineer, vol. 1, pp. 279-287.

Notes the occurrence of sulphuric acid in the waters of coal mines (p. 

282) ; states that the ground waters of central New York are high in 

chlorides (p. 285).

32 Boutwell (John Mason). Genesis of the ore deposits at Bingbam, Utah.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., pp. 1153-1192, 13 figs.

Notes a few good springs, but states that the main sources of supply are 

subterranean courses tapped by underground workings (p. 1155) ; the 

agency of mineralized underground waters in the formation of the deposits 

is discussed in detail.

33 Ore deposits of Bingham, Utah.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1176-1178, 3 figs.

Discusses the agency of underground waters in the genesis of these 

deposits.

34 Oil and asphalt prospects in the Salt Lake basin, Utah.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 468-479.

Among subjects considered are mound springs emitting gas (p.. 471), blows 

of gas and water from wells (p. 472), pitch springs (p. 474), salt water in 

wells (p. 477), thermal wells (p. 477), artesian waters (p. 478), and well 

records (pp. 471-472).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. JL3

35 Boutwell (John Mason). Economic geology of the Bingham mining district, 

Utah.

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey no. 38, pp. 71-385, 34 pis., 10 figs.

Discusses physical and chemical characters of heated ore-bearing solutions (p. 176) and present mine waters (pp. 213-214), and summarizes the 

process of deposition (pp. 183, 210, 229). Discusses the relation of fissures to passage of mineral-laden solutions (pp. 199 201) and relation of 

water level to depth of superficial alteration (pp. 217-218, 225). Explains 

interference of ground water with placer working (pp. 377-378).

36 Bowie (Aug. J., jr.). Irrigation in southern Texas.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 347-507, 2 pis., 18 

flgs.

Describes briefly the water-bearing strata (pp. 354-355) and artesian districts (pp. 355-356) and a number of springs used for irrigation (pp. 

356-357). Describes hydraulic-rig method of boring wells (pp. 357-358), 

strainers used in wells (pp. 358-362), and cost of well boring (pp. 362- 

364). Describes numerous flowing and nonflowing wells and springs used 

for irrigation, and methods and cost of pumping the nonflowing wells (pp. 

378-474). Gives well records (pp. 381, 388, 394, 403, 459). Compares 

cost of artesian-well and pumped-well irrigation (pp. 488-490). Gives lists 

of flowing artesian wells (pp. 502 504) and pumped wells (pp. 505 506) in 

southern Texas.

37 Bowman (Isaiah). Disposal of oil-well wastes at Marion, Ind.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 113, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 1905, pp. 36-48. 

Gives well records (pp. 38-39, 42). De&cribes the water-bearing conditions of the Niagara limestone (pp. 41 42), Hudson River limestone (p. 

_42) and Trenton limestone (pp. 42-43), and the contamination of the 

water-bearing beds by oil and brine from oil wells (pp. 43-48).

38 A classification of rivers based on water supply. 

Jour. Geog., vol. 4, pp. 212-220.

Principally a translation by Mr. Bowman of a chapter in Woeikof's " Der 

Klimate der Erde," relating to the periodic rise and fall of streams. Contains a short discussion of the relation of ground water to the flow of

39 Bownocker (J. A.). Salt deposits in northeastern Ohio. 

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 370-376.

Mentions the occurrence of salt springs (p. 370) and gives a number of 

well records (pp. 371-376).

40 Bowron (William M.). The origin of Clinton red fossil ore in Lookout 

Mountain, Alabama.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., no. 6, pp. 1245-1262, 3 flgs. 

Discusses the agency of underground waters in the formation of this ore.

41 Braimer (John Casper). Stone reefs on the northeast coast of Brazil.

Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 16, pp. 1-12.

Qives record of boring (p. 3) and ascribes cementation of the reefs to 

deposition of calcareous matter from percolating acid waters from the land 

at the point where they meet the salt waters of the ocean.

42 Breneman (A. A.). Mineral waters at the St. Louis Exposition. 

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 819 820.

Mentions several features of the American and foreign exhibits, and 

compares them with the exhibits at Chicago in 1893.

43 Brittaiu (Joseph I.). Mineral springs of Baden-Baden (Germany). 

Daily Consular Repts. no. 2193, Dept. Com. and Labor, p. 14. 

Summarizes the number, depth, composition, and temperature of the 

springs and their economic value to Baden Baden as a health resort.
14 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

44 Brooks (Alfred Hulse). Placer mining in Alaska in 1904. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 259, pp. 18-31.

Notes trouble in mines due to encountering water below frozen ground 

(pp. 27, 30).

45 Brown (R. Oilman). Some pumping data.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 947-948.

Describes the unwatering of the Brunswick mine, Grass Valley, Cal., 

the flooding of which was caused by the cutting of a large flow of water on 

the 1,250-foot level.

46 Brunton (D. W.). Drainage of the Cripple Creek district [Colorado],

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 818-821, 5 flgs.

Gives a definition of " ground water;" describes the permeability of the 

rocks, the amount of water removed to lower the water level 1 foot, the 

history of the previous tunnels, efficiency of tunnel drainage, depth at 

which tunnel should be driven, comparison of tunnel sites, etc.

47 Brush (Harlau W.). Simplon tunnel.

Daily Consular Repts. no. 2274, Dept. Com. and Labor, pp. 4 6.

Mentions hot springs of great volume encountered during work on the 

Simplon tunnel in Italy and Switzerland and consequent danger to operations (p. 5).

48 Buckley (Ernest Robertson). Biennial report of the State geologist transmitted by the board of managers of the Bureau of Geology and 

Mines to the Forty-third General Assembly.

Jefferson City, Mo., 50 pp., 1 map.

Summarizes the data obtained by the bureau relating to mineral springs 

(p. 48).

49 Burchard (Ernest F.). Iron ores in the Brookwood quadrangle, Alabama.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 321-334.

Gives well record and describes spring (p. 327) and considers the possible action of water in ore formation (pp. 333-334).

49a Burdick (C. B.), Maury (Dabney H.), Henderson (C. R.) and. Report 

of the committee on waterworks.

Twentieth Ann. Kept. Illinois Soc. Eng. and Surv., pp. 132-139. 

See Maury (Dabney H.), Burdick (C. B.), and Henderson (C. R.).

C.

50 Caine (Thomas A.) and Lyman (W. S.). Soil survey of the San Antonio 

area, Texas.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 447- 

473, 1 map, 1 fig.

Discusses irrigation aud city water supply from artesian wells and 

springs, and the effect of the wells on the flow of the springs (pp. 467 468).

51 Calkins (Frank C.). Geology and water resources of a portion of eastcentral Washington.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 118, U. S. Geol. Survey, 96 pp.

Discusses the topography and geology of the region in detail and describes 

the springs from alluvium, basalts, etc., where cut by canyons, and from 

fissures. One thermal spring is noted. The artesian conditions are considered by districts and the wells described. The deep waters are from the 

Ellensburg beds and the basalts and tuffs. The cost of drilling, the methods of testing and casing, artesian requisites, etc., are also discussed. Predictions as to supplies are given and the use of tunnels for the collection, 

of surface supplies suggested.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 15

52 Cameron (F. K.). The water of Utah Lake.

Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 27, pp. 113-116.

Describes the occurrence of numerous hot and cold springs in the bed of 

the lake which supply the greater part of the lake water. Gives several 

analyses of the lake water taken in the vicinity of some of the larger 

springs.

53 Canfield (R. B.). [Water problems of Santa Barbara, Cal.]

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 116, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 21-22 (reprint

of portion of private report made in 1896).

Notes use of collecting tunnel and describes unsuccessful efforts to obtain

large supplies from boring.

54 Carr (M. B.), Hearn (W. Edward) and. Soil survey of the Biloxi area,

Mississippi.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 353- 

374, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Hearn (W. Edward) and Carr (M. E.).

55 Catherinet (Jules). Copper Mountain, British Columbia. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 125-127, 6 figs.

Discusses the agency of underground waters in the formation of the copper deposits of this mountain.

56 Chalon (Paul F.). The genesis of metalliferous deposits and eruptive rocks. 

Min. Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 507-510.

This article is an abstract of a memoir presented before the recent International Congress of Mining, Metallurgy, etc., at Liege. Discusses the 

depth to which waters can penetrate, the alteration of the rocks by this 

water, its agency in aqueo-igneous fusion, and the formation of ore 

deposits and eruptive rocks.

57 Chandler (A. E.), Hinderlider (M. C.), Swendsen (G. L.) and. Report 

of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904. 

Part X, Colorado River and the Great Basin drainage. 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 133, U. S. Geol. Survey, 384 pp. 

See Hinderlider (M. C.), Swendsen (G. L.), and Chandler (A. E.).

58 Clapp (Frederick Gardner). Water resources of the Curwensville, Patton, 

Ebensburg, and Barnesboro quadrangles, Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 159-163. 

Describes the iron, alum, and magnesia springs at Cresson, and gives 

analyses. Notes the abundance of good springs and describes several town 

supplies obtained from springs. Describes well waters used for public, private, and factory supplies. Notes one flowing artesian well and discusses 

the probability of obtaining further artesian supplies in the area.

59 Cleland (Herdman F.) The formation of natural bridges.

Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 20, pp. 119-124, 3 figs.

Suggests the following theory to account for the origin of the natural 

bridges at North Adams, Mass., Lexington, Va., Chattanooga, Tenn., In Utah, 

and in the Yellowstone National Park : " Before the formation of the bridge 

the stream which now flows under then flowed upon the surface of what Is 

now the arch and probably plunged over a fall a short distance below the 

present site of the bridge. A portion of the water percolating through a 

joint plane or crack upstream discharged into the stream under the fall and 

gradually enlarged its passage by its solvent power. In the course of time 

this passage became sufficiently large to contain all of the water of the 

stream, and the bridge resulted."

60 Coburn (L. F.). Yreka waterworks system [California]. 

Municipal Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 437-438.

Notes the sinking of Yreka Creek in a bed of gravel about 2J miles above 

Yreka and describes the building of a submerged concrete dam in the gravel 

at a narrow place in the creek. The water tbUS collected furnishes an 

abundant supply for the town of Yreka,
16 TJNDEKGBOTJND-WATER LITERATURE IN

61 Cole (L. H.). The Centre Star mine, Rossland, B. C. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 117, 1 fig. 

Notes that the water in this mine is small in amount and noncorrosive.

62 Coleman (A. P.). Geology of the Sudbury district. [Ontario.] 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 189-190.

Criticizes Hiram W. Hixon's views of the aqueous origin of the Sudbury 

nickel ores.

63 Colles (George Wetmore). Mica and the mica industry; Pt II, Geology.

Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. 160, pp. 275-294, 11 figs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of underground waters in the formation of the mica dikes. Notes also the alteration of the feldspathic contents of the dikes by percolating waters.

64 Collins (A. B.), Wright (A. E.) and. Irrigation near Garden, Kans., 1904. 

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 585-594. 

See Wright (A. E.) and Collins (A. B.).

65 Compressed Air. [Water supply from wells at Los Angeles, Cal.] 

Compressed Air, vol. 10, p. 3504.

A portion of the city supply is now furnished by 12 wells from 60 to 

200 feet deep. The water is raised by compressed air.

66 The Simplon tunnel.

Compressed Air, vol. 10, pp. 3713-37i7, 7 figs.

Contains a description of the springs encountered in constructing the 

Simplon tunnel in Switzerland and Italy, including location, temperature, 

and volume.

67 The Simplon tunnel.

Compressed Air, vol. 10, pp. 3811-3813. 1 fig.

Notes the encountering of hot springs in the Simplon tunnel in Switzerland and Italy and gives the volume and temperature of two of them.

68 Cook (Edward H.). La mina Santa Francisca, Mexico.

Min. Magazine, vol. 11, pp. 424-429, 5 figs.

Notes the impregnation of limestone by siliceous solutions (p. 425) ; 

gives an analysis of the ground water from the 450-foot level (p. 429) ; and 

discusses the agency of underground waters in the formation of the ore 

deposits (pp. 426-429).

69 Cooper (K. F.). An example of the legitimate use of water for domestic 

purposes.

Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 31, pp. 475-478.

Describes the water-supply systems of the Lick Observatory on Mount 

Hamilton, California. The water for the domestic system is furnished by 

springs on the mountain side.

70 Cooper (W. F.). Water supply of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1903, pp. 47-109, 2 maps.

Describes the artesian-well areas, giving detailed descriptions, well records, and analyses, and states use for public and private supply; describes 

springs.

70a Corstophine (George S.), Hatch (Frederick H.) and. The origin of the 

Witwatersrand gold. [Transvaal.] 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79,,pp. 80-81. 

See Hatch (Frederick H.) and Corstophine (George S.).

71 Corthell (E. L.). Discussion of paper entitled, "The reclamation of river 

deltas and salt marshes," by F. LeBaron.

Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., voi. 54, pp. 83-87.

Gives records of several artesian wells in the vicinity of New Orleans, 

La.
UNITED STATES IK 1905. 17

72 Courtis (W. M.). Potassium salts.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, 16 pp.

Contains a list of saline springs in the United States and partial analyses of the spring water showing potassium, sodium, and magnesium. States 

that " along the line of the fault on the rim of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, the waters are rich in potassium salts, running from 5 to 11 per cent 

of the total residue."

73 Cox (W. G.). Artesian-water supply.

Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, vol. 16, pp. 253-257, fig. 1. Abstract: Exp. Sta. 

Record, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 193.

* Discusses the theoretical and practical use of artesian wells for water 

power in New South Wales and Queensland.

74 Crane (W. R.). The Quapaw zinc district [Indian Territory]. 

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 488-490, 3 figs.

Contains a short discussion of the agency of underground waters in the 

formation of the deposits.

75 Coal mining in Arkansas.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol 80, pp. 774-777, 3 figs.

The mines are usually wet and the water is often acid, but good water 

for boilers is usually available (p. 776).

76 Cravetti (A. L.), Water and irrigation in the province of San Luis, Argentine Republic.

An. Min. Agr. Argentina, Sec. Agr. (Agron), vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 85 119, 6 

figs. Abstract: Exp. Sta. Record, vol. 16, p. 1136.

Summarizes information regarding subterranean waters and their use for 

irrigation, etc.

77 Cridqr (A. F.). Cement resources of northeast Mississippi. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 510-521.

Gives well sections (pp. 511, 516-517) and describes artesian flows (p. 

517).

78 Crosby (William Otis). The limestone-granite contact deposits of Washington Camp, Arizona.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Bng., no. 6, pp. 1216-1238.

Contains a discussion of magmatic water in general and the improbability 

of its assistance in the development of the garnet contact zone at Washington Camp (pp. 1229-1232) ; suggests the concentration of metallic contents of the limestone by the circulation of the normal ground water stimulated by intense and long-continued igneous and metamorphic agencies (p. 

1234) ; ascribes the occurrence of native arsenic at this place to thermal 

waters rising along a fault line (p. 1237).

79 Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 68 75.

Describes briefly the occurrence of water and possibilities of artesian supply in Cambrian quartzite in the Berkshire Valley, in Triassic strata of the 

Connecticut Valley, in igneous and metamorphic rocks of the highlands, and 

in drift deposits (pp. 70-73). Enumerates the principal mineral springs in 

the two States (pp. 73-75). Gives list of publications (p. 75).

80 Water supply from the delta type of sand plain.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 161-178.

In connection with the location of dikes for the Metropolitan reservoir at 

Clinton, Mass., many hundred borings were made in the sand plains. The 

paper describes the evidence presented by these borings as to the water 

table, the artesian waters, the deposition of iron, the oxidation of the drift 

at considerable depths, and the phenomena of " lost water," or that taken 

up from the well by unsaturated beds.

IRR 163 06 2
18 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

81 Culbertson (Harvey). Irrigation investigations in western Texas.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 319-340, 4 figs. 

Describes wells (some flowing artesian) (pp. 321, 323-325), and springs 

(pp. 323, 327-328) used for irrigation. Describes use of windmills for 

pumping water from wells (pp. 338-339).

82 Gushing (H. P.). Geology of the vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer County 

[New York].

Bull. N. Y. State Mus. no. 77, 95 pp., 15 pis., 14 figs., 1 map. 

Interprets geology on the basis of churn-drilled wells (pp. 53-56).

D.

83 Bale (T. Nelson). Water resources of the Fort Ticonderoga quadrangle, 

Vermont and New York.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 126-129.

Mentions the abundance of good springs, and refers to a well known as 

"the frozen well" on account of its extremely low temperature (p. 127).

84 Darlington (E. B.). Irrigation investigations, upper Snake River, Idaho. 

Irrigation Age, vol. 20, pp. 204-207, 1 fig.

Notes large loss from irrigation canals by seepage and the reappearance 

of this water in springs and creeks. Abundance of water can be obtained 

from shallow wells near Rexburg (p. 206).

85 Barton (Nelson Horatio). Zuni salt deposits, New Mexico. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 565-566. 

Ascribes the supply of the salt lake to springs from the Red Beds.

86 Description of the Sundance quadrangle [Wyoming-South Dakota].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 127, U. S. Geol. Survey, 12 pp., 5 maps, 1 col. 

sect., 1 illus. sheet, 3 figs.

Discusses the water-bearing conditions of the Dakota and Lakota sandstones, Pahasapa limestone, Deadwood sandstone, Minnelusa formation, and 

Minnekahta limestone, and describes the relations of these beds to the 

occurrence of well and spring water (p. 12). Gives analysis of well water 

(p. 12). Shows the artesian-water conditions by means of a special colored map.

87 Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources of 

the central Great Plains.

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey no. 32, 433 pp., 72 pis., 18 figs.

Describes the various water horizons and discusses in detail the artesian 

wells and artesian conditions in South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, eastern 

Colorado, and eastern Wyoming, giving numerous records. Describes salt 

springs and wells (pp. 389-392).

88 Delaware.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 111-113.

Enumerates various water horizons in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, 

gives a partial list of deep wells, and states future prospects for wells. 

Notes the principal publications.

89 Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, 

with additions.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 149, U. S. Geol. Survey, 175 pp.

Contains lists of deep wells reported to the Survey or described in scientific publications. They are classified by States, counties, and towns, the 

depths, diameter, yield, height of water, temperature, and other miscellaneous data being presented in tables for each State and references being 

given to published records. Bibliographies of publications relating to deep 

borings are also included.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 19

90 Darton (Nelson Horatio). The Zuni salt lake [Arizona].

Jour. Geol., vol. 13, pp. 185-193.

Quotes C. L. Herrick on suppossed derivation of salt from solution of 

salt in underlying strata (pp. 185-186). The salt is brought up by springs 

(pp. 187, 193). Suggests solution of salt beds by hot volcanic solutions as 

cause of sinking, producing the crater (pp. 190, 192).

91 and Fuller (Myron Leslie). Maryland.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, TJ. 8. Geol. Survey, pp. 114-123, 2 pis.

Describes the distribution of springs and gives a list of those of commercial value (p. 115). Describes the distribution of wells in the 

Allegheny Plateau, the Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont Plateau, and 

Coastal Plain, and tabulates well statistics (pp. 116-118). Describes water 

horizons in the Coastal Plain formations (pp. 118-120), and discusses 

more fully the water horizons and well prospects of the Baltimore district 

(pp. 1-21-123). Lists the principal publications.

92 and Fuller (Myron Leslie). District of Columbia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 124-126, 1 pi.

Describes occurrence of water in the crystalline rocks and in the Potomac 

formation. Notes several mineral springs, and several publications on the 

underground water of the District.

93 and Fuller (Myron Leslie). Virginia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 127-135, 1 pi.

Describes various water horizons in the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations and gives sections (pp. 128 129). Gives table of deep wells and statistics (pp. 130-131). Describes underground water conditions in the 

Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Mountain belt, and Cumberland Plateau 

(pp. 132-133). Lists the commercial springs (pp. 133-134) and publications on underground waters of the State (pp. 134-135).

94 and O'Harra (C. C.). Description of the Aladdin quadrangle [Wyoming-South Dakota-Montana].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 8 pp., 4 maps, 1 

col. sect., 1 fig.

Describes the water-bearing formations, Including the Dakota-Lakota 

sandstone, Minnelusa formation, Pahasapa limestone, and Deadwocd sandstone (p. 8), and notes the conditions relative to wells. The artesianwater conditions are shown by a special colored map.

95 David (T. W. E.), Pittman (E. F.) and. Irrigation geologically considered 

with special reference to the artesian area of New South Wales.

Jour, and Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, Eng. sect, vol. 37, pp. ciii-cliii, 

2 pis. Abstract: Exp. Sta. Record, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 193.

See Pittman (E. F.) and David (T. W. E.)l

96 Davis (F. S.). An undeveloped country.

Min. and Set. Press, vol. 90, pp. 204-205, 4 figs. 

Describes a spring in Lower California.

97 Davis (William Morris). "A journey across Turkestan."

Explorations in Turkestan, with an account of the basin of eastern Persia

and Sistan.

Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 23-119, 67 figs.

Springs furnish a portion of the water supply of Baku (p. 29) ; a boring

2,000 feet deep at Askhabad failed to find water (p. 44). Notices a large

spring in Firuza basin used for irrigation (p. 48). Notes seepage of

water from terrace gravels into river (p. 103).

98 The Wasatch, Canyon, and House ranges, Utah.

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., Geological Series, vol. 8, pp. 15-56, 

3 pis.

Describes a flowing well at Deseret (p. 35). Notes the obtaining of good 

water at Antelope and Indian Springs (p. 36). Mentions the ocurrence 

of springs in the House Range (p. 40).
20 UNDEEGEOUND-WATER LITEEATUEE IN

99 Davis (William Morris). The geographical.cycle in an arid climate.

Jour. Geol., vol. 13, pp. 381-407.

Mentions ground-water conditions in arid regions (p. 382} and considers 

underdrainage of deserts by sandstone in its possible relation to wind 

erosion (p. 392).

100 Day (David T.). Summary of the mineral production of the United States 

in 1904.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 9--3G. 

Gives the production and value of mineral waters in the United States 

for 1904 (p. 21) ; comparison of the production and value for 1903 and 

1904 (pp. 22 23) ; production and value of mineral waters each year from 

1880 to 1904 (pp. 24-36).

101 de Laval (Carl George P.). Pumping on the Comstock. [Nevada.] 

Eng. and Min. Jonr., vol. 79, pp. 51fi-51S, 7 figs.

Describes the encountering of water in the various mines on the lode and 

the quantity, temperature, etc., thereof.

102 Pumping the Comstock lode mines. [Nevada.] 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 360-361, 1 fig.

Describes the occurrences of hot water in these mines and the pumping 

machinery being used in the unwatering of the lode.

103 Pumping the Comstock lode mines. [Nevada.] 

Mines and Minerals, vol. 26, pp. 78-79, 2 figs. 

Describes the encountering of hot water in the mines on this lode.

104 Pumping the Comstock lode mines. [Nevada.] 

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 59, pp. 24484-24486, 9 figs. 

Describes the encountering of hot water in the mines on this lode.

105 Douglass (Earl). Source of the placer gold in Alder Gulch, Montana.

Mines and Minerals, vol. 25', pp. 353 355, 3 figs.

Notes the possible agency_of heated underground waters in the deposition 

of the gold occurring in the gravels.

105a Drake (J. A.), Mangum (A. W.) and. Soil survey of the Russell area, 

Kansas.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. 8. Dept. Agr., pp. 911- 

926, 1 fig., 1 map.

See Mangum (A. W.) and Drake (J. A.).

106 Draper (M. D.). The Goldfleld district, Nevada.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 150-152, 10 figs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of solfataric waters in the formation 

of the deposits.

107 Dravo (F. R.). Concrete lining for mine shafts.

Proc. Eng. Soc. West. Pa., vol. 21, pp. 319-330, 2 figs. 

Discusses the occurrence of springs, seepage water'j etc., in mine?, with 

especial reference to the use of concrete for shaft lining.

108 Drummond (Goyne). Reconnaissance of proposed ceded strip of Shoshone Indian Reservation, Wyoming.

Irrigation, vol. 2, .no. 4, pp. 5-6.

Notes the sinking of Meadow Creek into a cave near the mouth of Little 

Wind River Canyon.

E. .

109 Eckel (Edwin C.). The Clinton hematite.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. "897-898, 2 figs.

Quotes C. H. Smyth as to the agency of water in the formation of the 

iron ore.
UNITED STATES IF 1905. . 21

110 Eckel (Edwin 0.). Cement materials and industry of the United States. 

Bull. IT. S. Geol. Survey no. 243, 395 pp., 15 pis., 1 fig. 

Discusses the percentage of water in freshly quarried limestone, clay, 

shale, and marl (pp. 44 45).

111 Limonite deposits of eastern New York and western New England. 

Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 335-342. 

Notes part taken by water in ore deposition (p. 342).

112 Elliott (C. G.). Report on drainage investigations, 1904.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 643-743, 4 pis., 

52 figs.

Discusses rise of ground water due to irrigation, and detection of rise 

by means of test wells (pp. 645-652). Notes porosity and cavernous 

nature of coral rock in Florida Everglades, as indicated by wells (p. 716).

113 Ellis (Edwin E.). Zinc and lead mines near Dodgeville, Wis. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 311-315.

Notes the relation of ore to ground-water level and considers the conditions of-deposition (pp. 314-315).

114 Ells (R. W.). Nicola coal basin, British Columbia.

Sum. Kept. Geol. Survey Canada, 1904, pp. 42-121, 1 pi., 2 figs., 2 maps. 

Gives records of borings (pp. 70-74).

115 Ely (Charles W.), Bennett (Frank) and. Soil survey of Marshall County, 

Indiana.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 689- 

706, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Bennett (Frank) and Ely (Charles W.).

116 and Griffin (A. M.). Soil survey of Dodge County, Ga.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 231- 

246, 1 map, 1 flg.

Mentions the occurrence of sink holes (p. 235).

117 Emmons (Samuel Franklin). Copper in the Red Beds of the Colorado 

Plateau region.

Bull. U. S. Geol.* Survey no. 260, pp. 221-232.

Contains brief references to the i.iart of water in ore deposition.

118 The Cactus copper mine, Utah.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 242-248.

Describes town water supply from Wawah springs, sixteen in number 

(p. 244).

119 Theories of ore deposition historically considered. (Presidential address, Geol. Soc. Am., 1903.)

Ann. Kept. Smithsonian Inst. for year ending June 30, 1904, pp. 309-336. 

Sci. Amer. Supp., vol. 60, no. 1563, pp. 25046-25047 ; no. 1564, pp. 25062- 

25064 ; no. 1565, pp. 25078-25079.

In reviewing the various theories of ore deposition, mentions the relations of deposition to circulation of underground waters, and water level, 

and the controversy regarding ascending and descending solutions, magmatic and meteoric waters, etc.

120 Engineering and Mining Journal. Geology at Simplon. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 180.

Notes the encountering in the Simplon tunnel in Switzerland and Italy 

of waters much hotter than had been predicted by geologists.

121 Water in the Egyptian Desert.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 812.

- Notes the existence of a flowing-well area a few miles north of Kharga 

in which flows were obtained a few feet below the surface.
22 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

122 Engineering and Mining Journal. Banket in Rhodesia. 

Eng. and Mm. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1236-1237.

Quotes H. D. Griffiths on the agency of underground waters In the enrichment of this gold-bearing conglomerate.

a 23 Gold in banket.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1241-1242.

Quotes the views of Schoch, Griffiths, Hatch, and Corstorphine as to the 

agency of underground waters in the enrichment of the gold-bearing conglomerates of the world.

124 A large pumping plant in Tasmania.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 155-157, 4 figs.

Notes the encountering of large quantities of water in the Tasmania 

gold mine.

125 Gasolene pumps for irrigation.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, p. 296.

Describes the effect of pumping on the water level in two 16-inch 45-foot 

wells at Garden, Kans.

126 Shaft sinking for salt. [Detroit, Mich.]

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 972-973, 1 fig.

Describes the encountering of large quantities of strong sulphur water.

127 The Siniplon tunnel.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, p. 1009.

Contains a description of the thermal springs encountered in the construction of the Simplon tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.

128 Engineering News. Vertical and lateral penetration of sewage bacteria 

into chalk soil.

Eng. News, vol. 53, pp. 116-117.

Describes experiments made near Amesbury, England.

129 Septic tanks and intermittent sand filters at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Eng. News, vol. 53, pp. 118-122.

Notes that the filtrate from the beds passes off through the ground without appreciably raising the water table (p. 122).

130 [The Simplon tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.]

Eng. News, vol. 53, pp. 229-230.

Describes the many springs of hot water encountered in the construction 

of this tunnel.

131 The Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel under Capitol Hill, Washington, 

D. C.

Eng. News, vol. 54, pp. 267-270.

Notes the penetration of quicksand carrying large quantities of water 

and describes tfie method used in draining the same (p. 267).

132 [Successful use of a divining rod.]

Eng. News, vol. 54, p. 386.

Notice of communication from Mr. G. Franzius, of the German Harbor 

Construction Bureau, in which is described the use of the divining rod in the 

location of wells at the Imperial Navy-Yard at Kiel. The geological conditions, the divining rod, and the tests made are briefly described.

133 Engineering Record. Air-lift pumping plant of the Redlands Water Company [California].

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 8, 2 figs.; Compressed Air, vol. 10, pp. 3394-3396.

Contains a description of the wells furnishing the supply and the tests 

made to determine the effect of pumping on the ground-water level.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 2$

134 Engineering Record. Difficulty with the ground-water di-ains of a buHding. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 17.

Describes the inability of the nuclei-drain of the New York Stock 

Exchange Building to handle ground water collecting below the cellar level. 

The drains were clogged by deposition from saturated drainage water. 

An analysis of the water is given.

135 Sewage disposal at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 82-86, 6 figs.

Gives the level of the water table at the site of the sewage disposal plant 

as about 16 feet below the level of the original surface.

136 Legal restrictions on the use of underground-water supplies in New 

York.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 177-178.

Complete description of the case of Frederick Reisert i\ City of New York, 

and references to similar cases. The city operated a driven-well plant which 

influenced the value of cultivated ground by drying up a small surface 

stream and the city was therefore held responsible for damages.

137 A private irrigation system in Texas.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 190-191, 5 "figs.

Detailed description of the works is given. The principal source of supply is a spring with an unvarying flow of 70,000 gallons per minute.

138 The Simplon tunnel.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 230-231.

Notes the encountering of large quantities of hot water in the construction of the tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.

139 Deep artesian wells in South Australia.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 332.

Notes the sinking of a 4,420-foot well with a flow of 600,000 gallons 

daily at a temperature of 204° F. Gives the total flow and cost of deep 

wells put down by the South Australian Government.

140. Measuring underflow.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 344.

Notes the use of Prof. C. S. Slichter's method of measuring underflow 

by Homer Hamlin at Los Angeles and in the San Francisco Valley. Several suggestions concerning the methods are made.

141 Irrigation in Texas.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 60-61 of the Current News Supplement. 

Describes the use of springs and artesian and surface wells in irrigation 

in Texas.

142 Difficulties with a pump well.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 384, 6 figs.

Describes the construction of a pump well and the sinking of several 

artesian wells at the Absecon pumping station of the Atlantic City, N. J., 

/ waterworks. The handling of a large volume of percolating water under 

high pressure was the chief difficulty.

143 [Damage from percolation.] 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 412.

Notice of decision by appellate division of New York supreme court 

in Schwarzenbach v. Electric Water Power Company of Oneonta, 92 N. Y 

Sup., 187. The court ruled that percolation from the reservoir so as to 

flood the land of the plaintiff was unlawful, and that Schwarzenbach was 

entitled to damages.

144 The Asyut barrage across the Nile.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 428-430, 2 flgs.

Describes the occurrence of innumerable small springs in the bed of the 

foundation trench, the trouble caused by them, and the method used in 

sealing up the ventholes.
24 UNDEKGKOUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

145 Engineering Eecord. [Artesian-well pumps at Memphis.] 

Eng. Kec., vol. 51, p. 460. 

Short notice of the use of special pumps toy 64 wells at Memphis, Tenn.

146 Experimental work with wells at Battle Creek [Mich.].

Eng. Rec., vol 51, p. 502.

Describes the sinking of wells, the materials passed through, the flow, 

analyses of the water, and the effect of pumping on the level of the water 

table at Battle Creek, Mich. The Marshall sandstone is mentioned as 

containing water-bearing strata.

147 The First street tunnel, Washington [D. c.]. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 566-567, 8 flgs.

Describes the encountering of water-bearing quicksand and the method 

of tunneling through it.

148 An unusual water main.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, p. 581.

Describes the laying of a water main through beds of quicksand in Little 

Falls, N. Y. Dams were built every 300 feet, the water pumped out of 

the section, and the pipe laid, after which work was commenced on the 

next section.

149 Fire protection at the Worthington works. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 684-685. 1 flg.

Describes the wells furnishing the water supply and the raising of the 

water by the air lift. [Harrlson, N. J.]

150 Water supply by compressed air, Los Angeles, Cal.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 43 of the Current News Supplement. 

Describes the water supply of Los Angeles from deep wells by means of 

compressed air.

151 Permeability experiments. North Dike, Wachusett reservoir. [Mass.] 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 64.

Notes variations in the water table in the dike due to varying rainfall 

and seasonal changes; results show the dike to be nearly impermeable.

152 The waterworks at Raton, N. Mex. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 72.

The water supply Is largely from springs; describes the building of 

trenches across the site of the dam to cut off the ground-water flow.

153 Sanitation in Manila.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 76-79.

Notes the large amount of ground water which will infiltrate into the 

sewer pipes because of the laying of the latter at a considerable distance 

below sea level in a soil thoroughly saturated with water (p, 78).

154 Sliding hillsides.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 133.

Vibration, etc., of the railroad bridge upon which a water main is laid 

causes, frequent leakage of the water, which results in the production of 

landslides.

155 [Developing underground water.]

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 181.

Notes a decision of the California supreme court, 77 Pac. Kept. 1113, 

regarding the relation between owners of filtration tunnels and the owners 

of water flowing in a stream.

156 Improvements of the Elgin waterworks. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 188-189.

Describes the deep-well water supply from the St. Peter and Madison 

sandstones at Elgin, 111.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 25

157 Engineering Record. Port Washington waterworks under air pressure. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 205-206, 2 figs.

Describes the supplying of Port Washington, N. Y., with water from 

three 8-inch wells in gravel.

158 - [A rock slide.]

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 225.

Description of a slide in one of the quarries of the Lehigh Portland 

Cement Company, caused by the penetration of water along the contact of 

the limestone and cement rock.

159 Mechanical filters of the Brooklyn, N. Y., waterworks. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 236-239, 4 figs. 

Contains a description of the well and spring supply of Brooklyn.

160 An unusual system of wells.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 266.

Describes the waterworks system at Hastings, England. The water is 

obtained from three wells, 9 feet in diameter, two of the wells being 270 

feet deep and the other 210 feet.

161 [Underground-water development in southern California.] 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 266.

Notes the overdevelopment of the underground-water supply of this 

region.

162 Blowing wells.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 380.

Notes the investigation of this subject by the United States Geological 

Survey, and gives a brief explanation of the cause of the phenomenon.

163 The diminished yield of underground waters in southern California.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 405-407.

Describes the geohydrologic conditions existing in this area an4 concludes that present diminished yield of underground water is due to an 

overdevelopment of the underground-water supply.

164 [Seepage from irrigation canals.]

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 416.

Short discussion of the case of Howell v. Big Horn Basin Colonization 

Company, in Wyoming, in which the Wyoming supreme court decided that 

" seepage from irrigation canals is not only a waste of water, but may 

also result in the payment of damages for injury to property."

165 Sinking machinery foundations in quicksand without excavation.

Eng, Rec., vol. 52, p. 526.

Describes the method used in sinking through a bed of quicksand at 

Schenectady, N. Y., which prevented any subterranean flow from under 

adjacent footings. -

166 The sewage pumping station at the Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 566-568, 4 figs.

Describes the relation between the sewage system and the high groundwater level at this place.

167 Difficult sewer construction in Minneapolis [Minn.]. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 639-640, 4 figs.

Describes the encountering of water-bearing quicksands and the methods 

used in working through them. Notes seepage of water into tunnel from 

the dumping ground.

168 The effect of seepage from ditches on stream flow.

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 663.

Concludes that the use of water from the Platte River has reduced the 

size of the spring floods. Improvement in the flow of the stream is due 

to return seepage.
26 TJNDEEGEOTJND-WATEE LITERATTJEE IN

169 Engineering Record. Waterworks of Saugatuck, Mich. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 665-666.

Detailed description of the water supply of this village, which is obtained 

from four wells driven along the bank of the Kalamazoo River.

170 [Artesian well.]

Eng. Rec., vol. 52, p. 725.

Describes the equipment of an artesian well 10 inches in diameter and 

756 feet deep, belonging to the Fond du Lac Water Company, Wisconsin.

171 Engineering Review. Factory fire protection and water supply. 

Eng. Review, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 5-8, 7 figs.

Gives the location, depth, and material passed through of the wells furnishing the water supply at the Henry R. Worthington Hydraulic Works, 

Harrlson, N. J. The water comes from a bed of gravel at a depth of about 

400 feet.

17l! English Mechanic and World of Science. A land of gold and marble. 

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 60, pp. 25034-25035.

Describes the limestone caverns and underground streams in New South 

Wales.

173 Ensign (O. H.). Power engineering applied to irrigation problem. 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 37-42. 

Includes a statement concerning the practice of pumping from driven 

wells (p. 41).

F.

174 Fairchild (Herman Le Roy). Pleistocene features in the Syracuse region. 

Am. Geologist, vol. 36, pp. 135-141. 

Mentions occurrence of brines in drift In New York.

175 Fenneman (N. M.). The Florence, Colo., oil field.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 436-440.

Notes occurrence of crevice encountered Dy an oil well which required two 

wagonloads of gravel to fill (p. 43.8), and discusses the number and limits 

of cracks and the occurrence of water in oil wells (p. 439).

176 Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 459-467.

Mentions the occurrence of salt water In oil wells of Texas (p. 460), tar 

springs and others emitting gas in Texas (pp. 462-463), and salt and sour 

waters (p. 464). ,

177 Findley (O. P.). Plant of the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, 

Cananea, Sonora, Mexico.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, pp. 342-343, 4 figs.

The water supply comes from a well sunk to bed rock, with a subterranean gallery which taps an underground stream capable of furnishing 

3,000,000 gallons per day.

178 Finkle (F. C.). Pumping underground water in southern California.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 56-72.

Describes the underground reservoir in gravel (pr 57) and its replenishment from mountain streams and return waters from irrigation (p. 58). 

The extent of the supply (p. 59), its decline due to pumping (pp. 60-61), and 

the proposed replenishment by decreasing draft and constructing regulating 

works to secure distribution and absorption of waters of mountain streams 

are considered (pp. 61-63). Other points treated are laws relating to 

underground water (pp. 59-60) and pumping methods (pp. 63-72),
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 27

179 Fischer (Theobold). Morocco.

Ann. Kept. Smithsonian Inst. for year ending June 30, 1904, pp. 355-372. 

Trans. from Geographische Zeitschrift, Leipzig, February 12, 1903.

Mentions rarity of springs on the lower plain, and necessity for resorting 

to bored wells. Refers to salinity and unpalatableness of the water (p. 

363).

180 Fitzgerald (William G.). A lost river.

' Technical World Magazine, vol. 4, pp. 74-78, 3 figs.

Describes the great limestone cavern through which the river Lesse In 

Belgium passes in its subterranean course.

181 Fleming (Burton P.). Seepage investigations in the valley of the Laramie 

River.

Bull. Wyoming Exp. Sta. no. 61, 32 pp., 3 figs, » 

Discusses the causes, extent, and prevention of loss of water from 

canals by seepage, and reports the results of seepage measurements on 

Laramie River, Sand Creek, and a number of irrigation canals in Wyoming.

182 Irrigation work on the North Platte River.

Bull. Wyoming Exp. Sta. no. 66, 24 pp., 4 figs.

Gives measurements of seepage losses from canals in Wyoming and 

Nebraska (pp. 18-23).

183 Fletcher (R.). Disposal of household wastes at summer resorts, encampments, and farmhouses. Pure water supply and other sanitary 

conditions.

New Hampshire Sanit. Bull., July Supp., 23 pp., 8 figs. Abstract: Exp. 

Sta. Record, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 409.

Gives information regarding the construction of wells and their protection from contamination.

183a Fogel (Estelle D.), Pammel (L. H.) and. Some railroad water supplies. 

Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. for 1904, vol. 12, pp. 151-155. 

See Pammel (L. H.) and Fogel (Estelle D.).

184 Ford (A. G.). Miscellaneous water analyses.

Bull. Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. no. 67, 18 pp.

Gives chemical analyses of water from 95 wells and 13 springs, and 

states best locations for wells relative to houses, etc.

185 Forestry and Irrigation. Irrigation in Texas.

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 230-231.

Describes the irrigation of portions of the State by water from surface 

and artesian wells.

186 The upbuilding of Nevada.

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 270-274, 3 figs.

Mentions the sinking of mountain streams in the sands of the desert.

187 Fortier (S.). Irrigation in Santa Clara Valley, California.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 77-91. 

Mentions use of wells for irrigation in this valley and describes methods 

of applying water.

188 Franke (Robert P.). Geology of the Cochise mining district, Arizona. 

Min. Reporter, vol. 51, p. 503, 1 fig. 

Notes that the descending waters have leached great portions of the beds.

189 Fuller (Myron Leslie). Artesian flows from unconflned sandy strata. 

Bng. News, vol. 53, pp. 329-330, 2 fifes!.

Describes examples on Long Island, New York, and in Michigan, and 

offers aa explanation of the cause.
28 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

190 Fuller (Myron Leslie). The measurement of low aresian heads. 

Eng. News, vol. 53, p. 593, 1 fig. 

Describes a small gage for taking artesian-well pressures.

191 Some results of Geological Survey work in the locatioa off.^underground

waters.

Eng. News, vol. 54, p. 517.

A letter to the editor of the Engineering News, in which Mr. Puller notes 

the fulfilling of predictions made by Mr. W. H. Norton as to the underground waters at Waterloo, Iowa.

192 Geology of Fishers Island, New York.

Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 16, pp. 367-390.

Gives well record and describes lateral transmission of water through 

« joints of crystalline rocks from mainland, 7 miles distant (p. 372).

193 Objects, development, and results of the work of collecting well records and samples.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 264, pp. 12-39.

Discusses the importance and benefit of well records, and describes the 

organization of the division of hydrology and the methods of collecting 

samples and records. Among the points incidentally considered are the 

occurrence of oil, gas, and water (p. 12), factors affecting well drilling 

(p. 13), use of records (p. 14), problems of depth, character of materials, water supplies, casing, limits of depth, location of oil and gas. shows, 

head, and use of water for industrial, irrigation, medicinal and bathing 

purposes, and at resorts (pp. 15-20).

194 Introduction.

Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904 ; WaterSup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 9-16. 

Summarizes papers included in the report.

195 Triassic rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 95-112, 8 figs.

Discusses the occurrence of water in Triassic conglomerates, sandstones, 

shales, and traps; and the influence of structure, jointing, and faulting 

on the waters. Discusses the testing of wells, keeping of accurate records, 

and the proper depth of wells. Gives analyses.

196 Notes on the hydrology of Cuba.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 183-199.

Describes the various town and city supplies obtained from ordinary and 

artesian wells, underground streams, and springs (pp. 187 193). Describes 

wells sunk by U. S. War Department (pp. 196-199), and gives record (p. 

192) and analysis (p. 198). Discusses abundance of springs and mentions submarine springs (pp. 193-194). Describes subterranean streams 

and their relation to limestone caves (p. 194). Discusses mineral waters 

and gives analyses (pp. 194-196).

197 Occurrence of underground waters.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 18-40, 4 pis., 

14 figs.

Describes sources of ground water, relation to rainfall, permeability and 

storage capacity of rocks, occurrence and amount of water, types of waterbearing formations, temperature of underground waters, and their recovery 

by seepage, springs, and by wells. Gives a short chapter on artesian flows, 

enumerating the essential conditions. Describes briefly the undergroundwater conditions of eastern United States, including types of rock and 

rock-water provinces.

198 New Hampshire.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 57-59. 

Summarizes data regarding wells and springs, and enumerates 8 commercial springs.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 29

199 Fuller (Myron Leslie). Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 104-110, 1 fig. 

- Describes distribution of wells in the drift, stream deposits, crystalline 

rocks, Triassic, Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous rooks, and 

Coastal Plain deposits. Enumerates mineral springs, and gives principal 

publications on underground waters of the State.

200 North Carolina.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 136-139, 1 fig.

Describes briefly the artesian conditions of the Coastal Plain and the 

occurrence of water in the Potomac formation, and gives list of wells. 

Describes briefly the occurrence of water in the Piedmont Plateau and 

Appalachian Mountain belt. Lists the principal mineral springs and publications on underground waters of the State.

201 Florida.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 159-163, 1 fig. 

Describes underground-water conditions of the highland area and the 

artesian areas of the west and east coasts. Mentions driven wells in the 

sand area. Notes several mineral springs and publications on water conditions of the State.

202 Lower Michigan.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 242-247, 2 figs. 

Compiles data regarding the underground-water resources of the Lower 

Peninsula of Michigan. Lists the principal publications and notes important mineral springs.

203 West Virginia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 271-272. 

Summarizes the conditions bearing on underground-water supplies in the 

Appalachian Mountain belt and the Cumberland Plateau. Lists the principal mineral springs of the State.

204 Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground 

waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904.

Water-Sup. Paper no. 120, U. S. Geol. Survey, 128 pp.

Lists all references to underground waters, springs, well records, and 

drilling methods, and gives detailed classified subject index.

205 Hydrologic work in eastern United States and publications on ground 

waters.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 9-29.

Describes the organization of the division of hydrology and gives an 

account of the work of the eastern section in 1904. The special work 

included the collection of well records and samples, the preparation of 

bibliographies and hydrologic tables, and a study of the relation of the 

law to underground waters. About 50 geologists were employed during the 

year, work being conducted in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts. New 

York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, 

Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Iowa, 

Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The paper contains a summary of 

the other papers in the report and gives a list of survey publications relating to underground waters.

206 Two unusual types of artesian flow.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 40-45. 

Describes flows from uniform unconfined sands taking place in virtue of 

lamellar arrangement of elongated sand grains on Long Island, New "fork, 

and in Michigan. The lateral transmission of water through joints in 

stratified rocks for long distances independently of structure in southeastern Michigan is also described. The confinement necessary for the flow 

Is afforded by the clayey drift overlying the more porous rock.
30 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

207 Fuller (Myron Leslie). Construction of so-called fountain and geyser 

springs.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 46-EO. 

Differentiates confined and unconflned springs, and gives methods by 

which the former can be con verted-into a "fountain," and both into intermittent or geyser springs.

20t> A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 51-52. 

Describes a 2-inch nickel gage which, by means of a rubber flange, can 

be instantly applied to pipes up to 2 inches in diameter and will read pres1 sures up to 50 pounds.

209 A ground-water problem in southeastern Michigan.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 129 147.

Discusses the failure of wells along Huron River. The water occurs in 

the jointed upper portion of the Dundee limestone and Monroe and Sylvania 

sandstones, in which it is confined by overlying glacial clays. The loss of 

head and flow are described and the causes, including the effect of adjacent deep wells, quarrying operations, deforestation, ditching, frost, and 

deficiency of rainfall are considered. Deforestation and ditching are the 

most far-reaching causes, but an early frost which froze the ground and 

prevented the absorption of late autumn rains of the previous year, in connection with low rainfall, was the more immediate cause.

210 Notes on certain large springs of the Ozark region, Missouri and Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 207-210.

Outlines the geologic conditions and describes and gives discharge of 

Greer, Van Buren, Fanchon, Alley, Blue, Mesamer, and Boiling springs of 

Missouri and the Mammoth spring of Arkansas.

211 Failure of wells along the lower Huron River, Michigan, in 1904.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1904, pp. 7-29, pi. 1, figs. 1 and 2.

Describes the relations and conditions of the wells, and ascribes their 

decline to the deforesting and ditching of the region 'and an early frost 

followed by a dry summer. Advocates the passing of laws regulating deep 

or artesian wells.

212 Cause and period of earthquakes in the New Madrid area, Missouri 

and Arkansas.

Abstract : Science, new. ser.. vol. 21, pp. 349-350.

Notes settling of the surface in this area due to undermining by ground 

waters under artesian pressure.

213 Artificial fountain and geyser springs. 

Sci. Am., vol. 93, p. 67, 4 figs.

Discusses the geological conditions resulting in the formation of springs 

and the artificial construction of fountain and geyser springs.

214 Barton (N. H.) and. Maryland.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 114-123, 

2 pis.

See Darton (N. H.) and Puller (Myron Leslie).

215 Darton (N. H.) and. District of Columbia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 124-126, 1 pi. 

See Darton (N. H.) and Fuller (Myron Leslie).

216 Darton (N. H.) and. Virginia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, TT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 127-135, 1 pi. 

See Darton (N. H.) and Fuller (Myron Leslie).

217 Fullerton (Aubrey). A new mammoth cave.

Technical World Magazine, vol. 4, pp. 206-208, 6 figs. 

Describes an immense cave in the limestone of Cougar Mountain, in the 

Selkirks of British Columbia, and the streams flowing in it.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 31

G.

218 Gale (Hoyt S.). Water resources of the Cowee and Pisgah quadrangles, 

North Carolina.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 174-176.

Describes the abundance of good springs, with a few chalybeate and 

sulphur springs. Describes the association of carbonate springs with 

hornblendic gneiss and of chalybeate waters with pyrite deposits along 

faults. Mentions the rarity of wells in the area.

219 Garry (G. H.), Spurr (J. E.) and. Preliminary report on ore deposits in 

the Georgetown, Colo., mining district. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 99-120. 

See Spurr (J. E.) and Garry (G. H.).

220 Geib (W. J.), Bice (Thomas D.) and. Soil survey of the Gainesville area, 

Florida.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 269- 

289, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Rice (Thomas D.) and Geib (W. J.).

221 Bice (Thomas D.) and. Soil survey Qf Warren County, Kentucky.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 527- 

541, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Rice (Thomas D.) and Geib (W. J.).

222 George (H. C.). A freak oil fleld.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 876-877.

Describes the " Grasshopper oil field" of Warren, Pa. The oil occurs 

as a scum on the surface water in the glacial deposits. Notes the rising 

and falling of the water level in the wells with the water of the river.

223 Gerhard (William Paul). The water supply of country buildings, Part I. 

Cassier's Magazine, vol. 27, pp. 482-498, 14 figs.

Detailed discussion of wells, springs, and collecting galleries as sources 

of supply. Some of the figures show method of arranging well batteries.

224 Getman (F. L.). The new artesian water supply of Ithaca, N. Y.

Bng. News, vol. 53, pp. 412-414, 4 figs.

Describes the local geology, sinking of wells, details of equipment, and 

cost of construction.

225 Gieseler (E. A.). A new form of filter gallery at Nancy, France. 

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 148-149, 5 figs.

Describes the construction of a filter gallery parallel to the river Moselle, designed to collect the subsoil water.

226 Glenn (L. C.). South Carolina.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 140-152, 1 pi.

Describes briefly the distribution of springs and enumerates those of 

commercial value (pp. 141-142). Discusses distribution of open and deep 

wells, and their relations (pp. 142-144, 151 152). States the water conditions in the crystalline rocks, the Potomac formation, the marine Cretaceous beds, Eocene, Miocene, Lafayette, and Columbia deposits (pp. 146 

149). Gives table of deep wells with statistics (pp. 149-151). Lists the 

principal publications on underground water of the State (p. 152).

227 Tennessee and Kentucky.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 198-208.

Decribes the underground-water resources of the valley of East Tennessee, the Cumberland Plateau, the Highland and Lexington Plains, and 

the Gulf Coastal Plain. Lists the important mineral springs and the 

principal publications on underground waters of the two States.
32 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

228 Goodell (Edwin B.). A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland 

waters in the United States, second edition.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 152, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 149 pp.

Many of the enactments include laws against the pollution of wells and 

springs, as well as surface streams.

228a Gould (Charles Newton). Geology and water resources of Oklahoma.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 148, U. S. Geol. Survey, 173 pp., 22 pis., 32 

figs.

Describes gypsum caves (pp. 52, 98), sink holes (p. 74), brine springs 

(pp. 41, 100 104), sulphur springs (pp. 104* 105), and the occurrence of 

salt water in wells (pp. 106 107). Describes the artesian conditions, by 

counties (pp. 109-1331. Gives detailed statistics regarding a number of 

deep wells (pp. 105 106) and records (pi. XXII), and describes the occurrence of underground water in granite, porphyry, the Arbuckle limestone, 

Whitehorn sandstone, Greer formation, Quartermaster formation, conglomerate, and in red beds and alluvium (pp. 95-100). Describes underflow of streams 'p. 90). Classifies and describes the springs of the Territory (pp. 94 1051, and discusses the use of springs for public supply 

(p. 99) and irrigation (pp. 139-140). Discusses the use of well waters for 

irrigation (pp. 140 141). Gives an appendix containing many analyses of 

wells (pp. 143 149) and springs (p. 153) and statistics regarding location, 

size, depth, method of pumping, quality of water, discharge, and geological 

relations of 261 wells*

229 Grant (U. S.). Water resources of the Mineral Point quadrangle, Wisconsin.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 143, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 67-73.

Gives a geologic section and discusses underground-water conditions. 

Good springs occur at the outcrop of the Galena and Platteville limestones 

and the St. Peter sandstone, while drilled wells obtain good supplies from 

the' Galena limestone and St. Peter and Potsdam sandstones.

230 Gregory (H. E.). Connecticut.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 76-81, 1 fig.

Describes underground-water conditions in the limestone area, Triassic 

sandstone area, and the crystalline areas. Notes the relation of faults to 

water supply. Discusses springs and wells obtaining water in the drift. 

Enumerates mineral springs and gives list of publications.

231 Gregory (John H.). The Scfoto River storage dam at Columbus, Ohio. 

Bng. Rec., vol. 52, pp. 302-305, 4 figs.

Describes the well and filtering gallery or conduit system now in use at, 

Columbus.

232 Gregory (J7W.). Rio Tinto, Spain.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 370-372, 4 figs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of underground waters in the formation of the copper deposits at this place.

233 The ore deposits of Mount Lyell. [California.]

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, (pp. 75-76, 90-91).

These two articles are devoted mainly to a discussion of the agency of 

water in the genesis of these deposits.

234 Griffin (A. M.), Bennett (Frank) and. Soil survey of the Orangeburg 

area, South Carolina.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 185- 

205, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Bennett (Frank) and Griffin (A. M.).

235 Ely (Charles W.) and. Soil survey of Dodge County, Ga.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 231- 

246, 1 map, 1 flg.

See Ely (Charles W.) and Griffin (A. M.).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 33

236 Griffin (A. M.), Hearn (W. Edward) and. Soil survey of the Alma area,

Michigan.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, IT. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 639- 

664, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Hearn (W. Edward) and Griffin (A. M.).

237 Griswold (Lewis), Rice (Thomas D.) and. Soil survey of Acalia Parish, 

Louisiana.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 461- 

485. 1 fig., 1 map.

See Rice (Thomas D.) and Griswold (Lewis).

238 Gunther (Charles Godfrey). The gold deposits of Plomo, San Luis Park, 

Colorado.

Bcon. Geol., vol. 1, pp. 143-154.

Considers part played by circulating ground waters in deposition of 

ores along fissures and faults (p. 153).

239 An interesting fault system [California].

Bug. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, p. 1013, 1 fig.

Contains a description of the manner in which the ore-bearing solutions 

passed along the faults.

240 Gilbert (Grove Karl). Plans for obtaining subterranean temperatures.

Year Book no. 3, 1904, Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 269 260. 

Gives estimate of cost of drilling to various depths and makes recommendations.

241 Value and feasibility of a determination of subterranean temperature 

gradient by means of a deep boring.

Year Book no. 3, 1904, Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 261-267. 

Abstract, p. 120.

Considers need for such a determination, conditions to be satisfied in 

the selection of a site for a boring, and concludes that the Lithonia district, Georgia,, is preferable.

242 Goding (F. W,). Queensland artesian wells.

Daily Consular Repts. no. 2166, Dept. Com. and Labor, pp. 6 7. 

Gives statistics regarding average depth, flow, temperature, etc., of the 

960 wells in the State.

243 Greeley (W. B.). The effect of forest cover upon stream flow.

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11. pp. 163-168, 309-315, 4 figs.

Discusses the absorption of rainfall by the soils, the effect of underground seepage on stream flow; and, in the second article (pp. 309-315), 

describes an investigation of certain areas in New York.

H.

244 Hale (Harrison). Analyses: Waters from Oklahoma and Indian Territories.

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 100-102.

Gives the results of examination of a considerable number of well waters 

to determine suitability for boiler purposes.

245 Hall (B. M.). Rio Grande project.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 75-78. 

Notes insufficiency of underflow and inapplicability of submerged dams 

(pp. 76-77).

246 Past and present plans for irrigation of the Rio Grande Valley.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress, at 

.El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 213-221.

Discusses underflow of the Rio Grande Valley as a source of supply for 

wells (pp. 216-218).

IRR 163 06 3
34 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

247 Hall (Charles M.) and Willard (Daniel E.). Description of Casselton 

and Fargo quadrangles. [North Dakota and Minnesota.]

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 117, U. S. Geol. Survey, 7 pp.

Gives well logs and statistical data (pp. 5-6), describes springs and 

drift and artesian wells (p. 4), and the source (probably from Dakota 

sandstone) and character of the deep waters. An artesian well section 

showing drift and Cretaceous horizons (p. 2) and maps showing flowing 

and nonflowing areas in drift and older formations, head, depth of wells, 

etc., are also given.

248 Hall (Christopher Webber). Minnesota.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Taper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 226-232, 1 fig. 

Describes the underground-water resources of the Cambrian, Ordovician, 

Cretaceous, and Quaternary rocks of the State. Describes the artesian 

basins and gives a map showing their distribution. Notes the principal 

mineral springs, and describes the distribution of springs in general. Lists 

the principal publications referring to underground waters of the State.

249 Hall (M. R.) and Hoyt (John C.). Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part IV, Santee, Savannah, 

Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 168 pp.

Gives description and discharge of Blue (p. 120) and Cave (p. 175) 

springs, Georgia.

250 Johnson (E., jr.), and Hoyt (John C.). Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part V, Eastern Mississippi River drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 168 pp. 

Describes and gives discharge of Big Springs, Alabama (p. 152).

251 Halse (Edward). The occurrence of pebbles, concretions, and conglomerate in metalliferous veins.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. no. 4, pp. 719-742, 13 figs.

Contains a description of the agency of waters percolating along fracture 

planes in the decomposition of rocks and giving rise to concentric structures which subsequently become rounded by attrition, and are finally 

cemented together by the aid of mineralized thermal solutions.

252 Hamlin (Homer). Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles 

River.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 112, U. S. Geol. Survey, 55 pp.

Discusses the occurrence of ground waters, nature of water table, and 

fluctuations and movements of the water body (pp. 9-11). Describes underflow tests including location of wells, methods of driving and drilling, 

machinery and materials, well points, underflow meter, charging of wells, 

measurement of velocity, etc. (pp. 11-29), and gives summary (p. 53). 

Porosity, packing, and capacity of sediments are considered (pp. 29-31), 

and records of actual tests given in detail (pp. 33-53), Many local well 

records are given by diagram.

253 Hammond (G. A.). Diamond-drill methods.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp 78-80. 

Describes apparatus and methods of work under different conditions!.

254 Haney (J. G.). Irrigation experiments at Fort Hays, Kans., 1903 and 

1904.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr.r no 158, pp. 567-583. 

Describes experiments in using wells for irrigation ; discusses methods of 

drilling and pumping and cost of wells, and relations to geology.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 35

255 Hanna (F. W.). The irregular flow of rivers in humid prairie States.

Eng. News, vol. 54, pp. 118-119.

Pasturage, drainage, and cultivation has resulted in an increase of the 

amount of rainfall running off from the surface and a decrease in the 

amount of ground water which escapes Into the streams, and, therefore, 

causing great irregularity in the flow of the rivers.

256 Harris (Gilbert D.). Underground waters of southern Louisiana. 

Bull. Louisiana Geol. Suney no. 1, pp. 1-77, 7 pis., 12 figs. 

Discusses the origin of the artesian and deep-well waters, gives detailed 

well statistics, discusses variation in flow and pressure head, methods of 

well drilling and pumping, and gives records and analyses.

257 Harrison (Virginius). Mineral waters.

Bull. Virginia Hosp., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 41-45.

Discusses briefly the origin of mineral waters and the origin of thermal 

springs ; gives Crook's classification according to composition, and outlines 

their therapeutic uses.

258 Harroun (Philip E.), The waterworks of Porterville, California.

Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 54, pp. 235-279, pis. 19 and 20, 5 figs.

Describes the wells furnishing the water supply as to size, depth, location, materials passed through, etc. Describes leakage of oil from fuel-oil 

storage tank, resulting in contamination of the ground water and consequent pollution of the city's supply. In the discussion attached to this 

article H. P. Dunham discusses the pollution of well waters and Mr. 

Harroun describes the Herron perforator for perforating well casings in 

place.

259 Hatch (Frederick H.) and Corstorphine (George S.). The origin of the 

Witwatersrand gold. [Transvaal.]

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 80-81.

Discusses the agency of underground water in formation of the auriferous deposits.

260 Hatcher (J. B.), Stanton (Timothy W.) and. Geology and paleontology 

of the Judith River beds.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 257, pp. 1-66.

See Stanton (Timothy W.) and Hatcher (J. B.).

261 Haworth (Erasmus), Schrader (F. C.) and. Oil and gas of the Independence quadrangle. Kansas.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 446-458. 

See Schrader (P. C.) and Haworth (Erasmus).

262 Hayes (C. Willard). Contributions to economic geology, 1904; introduction.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 11-18.

Gives list of folios containing discussions of underground and artesian 

waters, mineral springs, etc.

263 Hazelhurst (J. N.). Sanitary engineering in the South and the labor 

question.

Eng. News, vol. 54, pp. 294-295 ; Municipal Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 249 

252.

Notes the difficulty of construction of sewage-discharge works at New 

Orleans due to the complete saturation of the ground at all points beneath 

the surface; considerable attention is given to the subject of infiltration of 

ground water into the sewer pipes and the danger of overcharging the same 

by excessive infiltration of ground water.
36 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

264 Headden (William P.). The Doughty Springs, a group of radium-bearing 

springs on the North Fork of Gunnison River, Delta County, 

Colorado.

Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 1-30, 6 pis.

A very complete description of the location, geology, deposits, flow, composition of the water (many analyses being given), temperatures, etc., of 

these springs. Describes the deposition of barium sulphate from the 

spring water. Describes the tests made to show the presence of radium in 

the deposits of the springs, and reproduces several photographs showing 

the action upon photographic plates of the sinter deposited by the springs.

265 Mineralogical notes, no. II.

Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 55-70.

Discusses the origin of the aluminum sulphate occurring in the Alum 

Spring, Delta County, Colo., and gives analyses of deposits of alunogen 

occurring in the vicinity of the springs (pp. 62-66). Gives a description 

and analysis of a hydrated basic aluminic sulphate deposited by the action 

of alkaline spring waters upon spring waters carrying aluminic sulphate 

in solution at Doughty Springs, Delta County, Colo. (pp. 66-67).

266 Hearn (W. Edward) and Carr (M. E.). Soil survey of the Biloxi area, 

Mississippi.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 353- 

374, 1 map, 1 fig.

Mentions flowing artesian wells in the area (pp. 358-359).

267 and Griffin (A. M.). Soil survey of the Alma area, Michigan.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 639- 

664, 1 map, 1 fig.

Mentions occurrence of artesian and ordinary wells, and depths to water 

(p. 614).

267a Henderson (C. R.), Maury (Dabney H.), Burdick (C. B.), and. Report 

of the committee on waterworks.

Twentieth Ann. Kept. Illinois Soc. Eng. and Surv., pp. 132-139. 

See Maury (Dabney H.), Burdick (C. B.), and Henderson (C. R.).

268 Hill (John W.). The Torresdale conduit [Philadelphia, Pa.].

Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. 159, pp. 241-297, pis. 1-30. Also in Prot. 

Eng. Club of Phila., vol. 22, pp. 129-189.

Describes the encountering of water in diamond-drill borings and in rock 

and gravel excavations along the line of the conduit; discusses the level of 

ground water, the leakage of ground water into the sewer, the head and 

leakage of ground water in the case of the Jersey City conduit and severai 

conduits in New York State; discusses briefly the analyses of the rock and 

ground waters encountered (no analyses given).

269 Hill (Robert T.). El Oro district, Mexico.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 410-413, 11 figs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of mineral-bearing solutions in the 

formation of the deposits.

270 Source of volcanic water.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 13-14, 4 columns.

Discusses two theories: (1) That the volcanoes are fed by infiltration 

of surface waters, and (2) that the water is derived from the gases of the 

earth's interior.

271 Pele and the evolution of the Windward Archipelago.

Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 16, pp. 243-288.

Mentions the occurrence of warm springs (p. 248), and notes the part of 

water in ore deposition (p. 278) ; describes the products of eruptions and 

the discharge of water vapor (pp. 250, 271) ; considers the part of water in 

producing eruptions (pp. 280, 281, 287) ; ascribes an origin of the water of 

vulcanism from interior gases (p. 284), and quotes Geikie. (p. 286) and 

Suess (p. 288) on the magmatic origin of waters of hot springs and 

volcanoes.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. " 37

272 Hinderlider (M. C.) and Hoyt (John C.)- Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part VIII, Platte, Kansas, Meramec, Arkansas, and Red River drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 131, U. S. Geol. Survey, 203 pp.

Describes and gives discharge of Greer (p. 178) and Meramec springs 

(p. 123 > in Missouri.

273 Swendsen (G. L.), and Chandler (A. E.). Report of progress of 

stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part X, Colorado River and the Great Basin drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 133, U. S. Geol. Survey, 384 pp.

Gives discharge of Big Springs, Utah (p. 364), Heitmans and Monfrena 

springs, Nevada (p. 358), and describes seepage investigations in Arizona 

(p. 48).

274 Hitchcock (A. S.). Alfalfa growing.

Farmers' Bull. no. 215, U. S. Dept. Agr., 39 pp., 8 figs. 

Describes irrigation of alfalfa by artesian wells, streams, etc., (pp. 

20-22).

275 Hitchcock (C. H.). Fresh-water springs in the ocean.

Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 67, pp. 673-683, 3 figs.

Describes the underground waters of the Hawaiian Islands, Cuba, and 

Florida, and the occurrence of fresh-water springs in the ocean off the 

coast of these places.

276 Hixon (Hiram W.). Geology of the Sudbury district.

Fng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 334-335, 1 fig. *

Letter to the editor in reply to article of A. P. Coleman. Defends his 

statements that the nickel ores of this district were deposited from underground waters.

277 Volcanoes and earthquakes.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 1245.

The author ascribes these phenomena to the escape of the water of combination held in the igneous core of the earth.

278 The-Sudbury district.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 116-117.

Discusses the agency of heated thermal waters from igneous magmas in 

the formation of ore deposits, and quotes C. V. Corless to show the origin of 

the Sudbury deposits to be due to deposition from mineralizing solutions.

279 Hobbs (William Herbert). Origin of the channels surrounding Manhattan 

Island, New York.

Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 16, pp. 151-182. 

Gives several sections based on borings.

280 The configuration of the rock floor of Greater New York. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 270, 96 pp., 5 pis., 6 figs. 

Compiles 1,424 records of wells and borings, giving depths to bed rock 

and occasionally more complete records.

281 Hollister (George B.). Waters of a gravel-filled valley near Tully, N. Y.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 179-184.

Describes the occurrence and composition of th§ ground waters of a deep 

valley deposit of glacial gravels, and gives analyses of spring water* The 

deposits are typical of their kind, and occur at many points in New York 

and New England. The discharge and tufa deposits of the springs are also 

described.
38 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

282 Holmes (J. Garnett) and Neill (N. P.). Soil survey of the Greeley area, 

Colorado.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 951- 

993, 1 map, 1 fig.

Discusses briefly the relation of underground and seepage waters to 

irrigation (pp. 983-984).

283 and others. Soil survey of the Yuma area, Arizona-California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1025- 

1047, 2 maps, 1 fig.

Discusses briefly the occurrence of underground and seepage waters and 

their effect on alkali (p. 1043).

284 and others. Soil survey of the San Beraardino Valley, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1115- 

1151, 1 map, 1 fig.

Describes the geologic occurrence of artesian water and " pumped water " 

in gravel (pp. 1122-1123), and use for irrigation (pp. 1142-1143). Discusses seepage waters and injurious effect on agricultural conditions (pp. 

1141-1142).

285 Horton (Robert E.). The drainage of ponds into drilled wells.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 30-39.

Describes the drainage of ponds and swamps in kettle holes, etc., of the 

drift regions of Michigan into drilled wells, and discusses the underground 

conditions, methods, cost, and capacity of the wells, and gives examples of 

their successful application.

286 Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 87-89. 

Points out necessity of knowledge of soils and rocks and their absorptive 

capacities.

287 Hove (A. M.). The Pecos Valley [Texas and New Mexico].

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 433-435, 2 figs.

Mentions the use of artesian-well water in irrigation, and a photograph 

given shows an artesian well in New Mexico with a flow of 3,000 gallons a 

minute.

288 Hovey (Eclmond Otis). The western Sierra Madre Mountains.

Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 585 587,

Mentions shallow wells which obtain water from underground water 

courses for copper smelters at Douglas, Ariz. (p. 586.).

289 Hovey (Horace G:). Strange mazes and chasms in Mammoth Cave. 

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 60, pp. 24680-24681, 2 figs.

Description of explorations made in 1859, 1863, and 1905 in Mammoth 

Cave, Kentucky.

290 Howarth (O. H.). Vein structure.

Mines and Minerals, vol. 25, pp. 369-371, 5 figs.

Discusses the agency of underground water in the formation of veins.

291 Hoyt (John C.), Babb (Cyrus C.) and. Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1904; Part VII, Hudson Bay, 

Minnesota,'Wapsipinicon, Iowa, Des Moines, and Missouri River 

drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 130, U. S. Geol. Survey, 204 pp.

See Babb (Cyrus C.) and Hoyt (John C.).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 39

292 Hoyt (John C.), Hall (M. R.) and. Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904; Part IV, Santee, Savannah, 

Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico drainWater-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 127, U. S. Geol. Survey, 192 pp. 

See Hall (M. R.) and Hoyt (John C.).

293 Hall (M. R.), Johnson (E., jr.) and. Report of progress of stream 

measurements for the calendar year 1904; Part V, Eastern Mississippi River drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 168 pp.

See Hall (M. R.), Johnson (E., jr.), and Hoyt (John C.).

294 Hinderlider (M. C.) and. Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904; Part VIII, Platte, Kansas, 

Meraniec, Arkansas, and Red River drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 131, U. S. Geol. Survey, 203 pp.

See Hinderlider (M. C.) and Hoyt (John C.).

295. Taylor (T. U.) and. Report of progress of stream measurements for 

the calendar year 1904; Part IX, Western Gulf of Mexico and Rio 

Grande drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 132, U. S. Geol. Survey, 132 pp. 

See Taylor (T. U.) and Hoyt (John C.).

296 and Wood (B. D.). Index to the hydrographic progress reports of 

the United States Geological Survey, 1888-1903.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 119, U. S. Geol. Survey, 253 pp.

This is a place index, and although the discharges of a number of springs 

are given they can be found only when name of spring is known.

297 Hulbert (H. B.). The Island of Quelpart [AsiaJ.

Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 396-408, 1 fig.

Mentions the occurrence of a mountain spring known as the " Bushel 

well," and gives a legend relating to it.

298 Huntington (Ellsworth). The depression of Sistan, in eastern Persia. 

Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 271-281, 2 figs.

Notes the location of wells in dry stream beds where the water was only 

a few feet below the surface (p. 276).

299 The mountains and kibitkas of Tian Shan [Asia].

Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 513-530, 2 figs.

Describes the occurrence of springs and ascribes their origin to water 

under artesian pressure in glacial gravels. A figure is given to show the 

conditions.

bOO A geologic and physiographic reconnaissance in central Turkestan.

Explorations in Turkestan, with an account of the basin of eastern Persia 

and Sistan Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 157-216, 29 figs.

Notes numerous large springs from gravel in Bokhara (pp. 180 181). 

Describes springs near Shor Kul and explains the artesian conditions giving rise to these springs (pp. 210-213).

301 The basin of eastern Persia and Sistan.

Explorations in Turkestan, with an account of the basin of eastern Persia 

and Sistan Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 217-317, 25 figs.

Notes the use of springs and subterranean drainage tunnels in the irrigation of eastern Persia (pp. 226, 304, 305). Mentions absorption of 

water of streams by gravels (pp. 247, 249, 252, 276). Quotes Holdich, who 

ascribes the waterless conditions of portions of southern Baluchistan to a 

gradual exhaustion of the subterranean supply (p. 303). Quotes Sykes to 

show that in the higher mountains of this corner of Persia water can 

usually be found by digging in the water courses (p. 304). Notes existence 

of brackish water in wells in the desert at a depth of 5 feet (pp. 304, 305). 

Legends relating to the drying up of the springs are given (pp. 312-314).
40 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

I.

302 Ingalls (O. L.). Present and prospective sanitation of Manila.

Trans. Assoc. Civil Eng. of Cornell Univ., pp. 105-112.

Gives the ground-water infiltration into the sewers of Manila as 1,250,000 

gallons per square mile per day. Notes that all sewers are laid at a considerable distance below sea level in soil saturated with water.

803 Irrigation. Bonita Valley [Colorado]. 

Irrigation, vol. 2, pp. 3-4, 1 fig.

Notes the existence of numerous wells 10-70 feet deep in the valley 

furnishing water for domestic use the year round.

304 Roswell artesian basin.

Irrigation, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 5.

Describes the location, character of rocks, artesian-water horizons, source 

of supply, depth of wells, pressure, and decrease in flow of the Roswell artesian basin, in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico.

305 [Irrigation by artesian flow].

Irrigation, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 17.

Notes the use of the underflow for irrigation in Colorado.

306 Idaho's bounteous water supply.

Irrigation, vol. 3, no. 5. pp. 5 6, 1 fig.

Describes the numerous springs issuing from water-bearing beds outcropping in the Snake River Canyon. Notes the existence of hot, fissure 

springs on the Snake River plains. Mentions the use of the spring water 

for irrigation.

307 Wyoming farmers are prosperous.

Irrigation, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 13-14.

Mentions a flowing well 1,000 feet deep near Laramie, Wyo., and notes 

the existence of many wells in this section, the water of which is used for 

stock and domestic and irrigation purposes.

308 How land is prepared for irrigation and water applied for crops. 

Irrigation, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 3 5, 3 figs. 

Notes the use of spring water in irrigation in Scott County, Nebr. (p. 5).

309 Irrigation Age. [Artesian water in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico.] 

Irrigation Age. vol. 20. p. 88.

Notes the existence of an inexhaustible supply of water underlying the 

desert land in this vicinity.

310 Artesian wells.

Irrigation Age, vol. 20, p. 174.

Describes the obtaining of flowing wells and their use in the irrigation 

of the Snake River lands, Idaho.

311 South Dakota irrigation.

Irrigation Age, vol. 20, p. 216.

Describes results attained by irrigation from an artesian well with a 

flow of 550 gallons per minute.

312 Measuring the flow in underground streams. 

Irrigation Age. vol. 20, p. 233, 2 figs. 

Describes electrical method of Prof. C. S. Slichter.

313 A neglected opportunity in arid reclamation. 

Irrigation Age, vol. 21, p. 16.

Describes the disappearance of numerous streams in Idaho fn passing 

over gravel deposits, and states that the diversion of canals from these 

streams would result in an appreciable saving of water.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 41

314 Irrigation Age. Preparing land for irrigation and methods of applying

water.

Irrigation Age, vol. 21, pp. 24 26. 

. Describes the use of springs in irrigation in Scott County, Nebr.

315 Lake View ranch [Frio Co., Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 4, 'pp. 10 11, 15.

Describes a well which furnishes water for irrigation, and describes 

pumping tests made upon it.

316 San Marcos [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 2-12, 9 figs.

Contains a description of the flowing well at the United States Fish Culture station at this place.

317 Irrigation Aid. Ho Ra Company's pumping plants. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 16.

Describes one of the wells of this company and the effect of pumping 

upon the level of the water In the well. ,

318 Irrigating from wells near Cotulla [Texas]. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 23. 

Describes a well 225 feet deep, the watsr of which is used for irrigation.

319 Pumping at Centerpoint [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 23.

Describes a well 225 feet deep, the water from which is used for irrigation.

320 In the Devine country [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 4 7.*

Describes several wells in this section, the water of which is used for 

irrigation.

321 Kingsville [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 5-7, 17-19, 1 flg. 

Describes several flowing wells In this region.

322 Falfurrias [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 4-7.

Describes several flowing wells which furnish water for irrigation.

323 Artesia [Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 4-6.

Describes several flowing wells which furnish water for irrigation 

purposes.

324 Wells.

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 21-22.

A brief description of dug, driven, and drilled or bored wells.

325 Lake View ranch [Frio Co., Texas].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 12-15.

Describes a well which furnishes water for irrigation, and describes 

pumping tests upon It. Notes that water can be obtained in the vicinity of 

Dilley at a depth of 40-60 feet.

326 Red River project [Oklahoma].

Irrigation Aid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 18 19.

Mentions three salt springs which flow into Elm Fork, a branch of the 

North Fork of Red River.

327 Irving (John Duer). Ore deposits of the Ouray district, Colorado. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 50-77. 

Considers part of ground water in ore deposition (pp. 65, 69-71, 75).
42 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

328 Irving (John Duer). The ore deposits of the Ouray quadrangle, Colorado. 

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 916-917.

Gives theory of origin due to ascension of alkaline waters and replacement of quartzite along fissures.

J.

329 Jackson (Daniel D.). The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural 

waters of New York and New England.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 144, U. S. Geol. Survey, 31 pp.

Notes the influence of geologic deposits on chlorine in inland States (p. 

10), and furnishes chlorine maps and tables showing source of waters examined (lakes, streams, ponds, and wells) for each of the New England 

States and New York.

330 Jaggar (Thomas A., jr.) and Palache (Charles). Description of the 

Bradshaw Mountains quadrangle [Arizona].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 126, U. S. Geol. Survey, 11 pp., 4 maps, 1 illus. 

sheet.

Describes deposits of travertine and onyx breccia formed by hot springs 

(p. 3). Notes the use of mine water and springs for mine operations 

(p. 11).

331 James (George D.). Notes on Death Valley and the Panamint.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 914-918, 7 figs., 1 map.

Furnishes map showing the location of the springs in this district. Notes 

the absorption of water by sands and gravels and its subsequent reappearance in wells and springs, and states that the water from the springs is 

good.

332 Janin (George). The Montreal waterworks [Quebec]. 

Municipal Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 278-280. 

Notes the supplying of the city about 1800 by springs from Mount Royal.

332a Jensen (Charles A.) and Mackie (W. W.). Soil survey of the Baker City 

area, Oregon.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

k 1151-1170, 1 fig., 4 maps.

Discusses the influence of irrigation in raising the ground-water level 

and in rendering the soil in many localities highly alkaline. Methods of 

drainage for alkaline tracts are proposed.

333 and Strahorn (A. T.). Soil survey of the Bear River area, Utah.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 995- 

1023, 3 maps, 1 fig.

Discusses the occurrence of underground and seepage waters (pp. 1013- 

1014), furnishes map showing depths to water table (map 46), and discusses its relations to alkali in the soil (pp. 1014-1018). Mentions occurrence of springs and flowing artesian wells, and notes their usual composition (p. 1018).

334 Lapham (Macy H.) and. Soil survey of the Bakersfield area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1089- 

1114, 3 maps, 1 fig.

See Lapham (Macy H.) and Jenseu (Charles A.).

335 Johnson (Douglas Wilson). Relation of the law to underground waters.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 122, U. S. Geol. Survey, 55 pp.

Discusses the common-law rulings concerning underground waters moving 

by general percolation or definite channels, and quotes decisions concerning 

the same; legislative acts passed by the various State legislatures for the 

purpose of regulating the use or pollution of underground waters are also 

given,
UNITED STATES IF 1905. 43

336 Johnson (E., jr.), Hall (M. R.), and Hoyt (John C.). Report of progress 

of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part V, Eastern Mississippi River Drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 168 pp.

See Hall (M. R."), Johnson (E. jr.), and Hoyt (John C.).

337 Johnson (L. C.). Mississippi.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 170-178, 1 fig.

Describes water-bearing strata in the Carboniferous, Cretaceous, Tertiary, 

and Pleistocene formations. Gives a list of mineral springs and of publications relating to underground waters of the State.

338 Johnson (R. D. O.). The diamond drill in Missouri.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 243-245.

Describes the encountering of channels, sometimes water bearing, In 

which the water fed to the bit fails to come to the surface. The methods 

of getting by these openings are discussed.

339 Lead mining in southeastern Missouri.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 481-482.

Contains descriptions of the quantity of water encountered in the shafts 

of this district.

340 Jones (Helen Lukens). The water system of Pasadena.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 137-138.

Discusses the water supply of Pasadena, Cal., derived entirely from 

, pumping wells, and states methods of economy in use of water.

341 Jones (Jessie). Corrosion of brass and bronze by mine water.

Metal Industry, vol. 3, pp. 9, 171 ; Mining Reporter, vol. 52, pp. 623- 

624 ; Chemical Engineer, vol. 2, pp. 358-361.

Contains analyses of the water in the mines of the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Company, near Audenried, Carbon County, Pa., and descriptions 

of tests made to determine the effect of these waters upon brass and bronze.

342 Jones (John T.). Unwatering the Hamilton mine. '[Michigan.]

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 867-868.

Describes the encountering of a water cavern while drilling in one of the 

shafts, the immense head on the water, the drainage of water from higher 

level of a near-by mine, the subsequent filling of both mines by the water, 

and the steps taken to exhaust the contents of the cavity, after which the 

flow of water was normal.

343 Journal of Geography. The Monarch Geyser. "[New Zealand.] 

Jour. Geog., vol. 4, p. 143.

Brief description of the geyser Waimangu, near Roturna, New Zealand. 

This geyser made its appearance two years ago and is about half an acre 

in extent

K.

344 Kansas, State Board of Health of.

Second Biennial Report or the Nineteenth and Twentieth Annual reports, 

from January 1, 1903, to December 31, 1904, 182 pp.

Discusses the contamination of well water at Holton by sewage (pp. 

70-71).

345 Kearney (Thomas H.). Agriculture without irrigation in the Sahara 

Desert.

Bull. Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 86, 27 pp., 5 pis., 

1 fig., 1 map.

Notes the occurrence of thousands of shallow wells in the Souf country. 

Describes method of raising water by means of bucket and pole; mentions 

occurrence of magnesium water in some regions, and gives analysis (pp. 

16-17).
44 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

346 Kearney (Thomas H.) and Means (Thomas H.). Agricultural explorations in Algeria.

Bull. Bureau of Plant Industry, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., no. 80, 98 pp., 4 pis.

Refers to unsuccessful attempts to find artesian water in the High Plateau region (p. 16). Mentions large subtevranean streams in the sands of 

the Sahara region and their utilization in the creation of oases (pp. 18, 36). 

Describes the original method of sinking wells in the Oved Rirh region of 

the Sahara by means of wooden casing, and danger to diggers owing to 

sudden rise of water (pp. 36-37). Gives history of artesian boring in the 

Oved Rirh region and great value of the flowing wells (p. 37). Gives 

composition of the water (pp. 37-38) and states injury to soil by deposition of soluble salts in it.

347 Keith. (Arthur). Description of the Mount Mitchell quadrangle [North 

Carolina-Tennessee].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 124, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 9 pp., 4 maps, 1 col. 

sect, sheet.

Mentions deposition of pegmatite from mineralized waters (p. 3), decomposition of rock by waters circulating along schistose planes (p. 3), and 

alteration of dunite to serpentine by infiltrating waters (p. 4). Refers to 

the abundance of springs (p. 9).

348 Economic geology of the Bingham mining district, Utah. Part 1, 

Areal geology.

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey no. 38, pp. 27-70.

Describes alteration of limestone through action of underground waters 

circulating along fissures (pp. 66-69).

349 Keith. (N. S.). New methods in the metallurgical treatment of copper ores.

Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. 160, pp. 147-155.

Notes the existence of cupriferous sandstones in New Brunswick, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, the quartz grains of 

which are cemented together by silica from thermal waters carrying silica 

in solution. The silica in solution is suggested as due to the solvent action 

of the thermal waters on the sand itself while lying on a horizontal plane.

350 Kellerman (Karl F.), Moore (George T.) and. Copper as an algicide and 

disinfectant in water supplies.

Bull. Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 76, 55 pp. 

See Moore (George T.) and Kellerman (Karl P.).

351 Kemp (James Furman). The copper deposits at San Jose, Tamaulipas, 

Mexico.

Bimonthly Bull., Am. Inst. Min. Eng., no. 4, pp. 885-910, 3 figs. 

In discussing the genesis of these deposits the writer considers the part 

played in their formation by underground waters.

352 Secondary enrichment in ore deposits of copper.

Econ. Geol., vol. 1, pp. 11-33.

Contains a number of references to the part played by ascending magmatic waters and by descending meteoric waters in the deposition or 

enrichment of copper ores.

353 Kerr_(Mark B.). Formation of ore bodies on intersections.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 253-254, 4 figs., and vol. 90, p. 241. 

Describes the agency of underground waters in the formation of the 

deposits.

354 Keyes (Charles Rollin). Geology and underground-water conditions of the 

Joranda del Muerto, New Mexico.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 123, U. S. Geol. Survey, 42 pp.

Describes geologic conditions in detail and discusses the occurrence of 

underground waters, which are obtained from the base of the Red Beds, 

from the Cretaceous sandstones, and from the surface gravels. Analyses 

of the water are given (p. 36), the wells described (p. 37), the artesian 

prospects discussed (p. 38), and the possibility of irrigation from well 

waters considered (p. 39).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 45

355 Kindle (Edward M.). Salt and other resources of the Watkins Glen district, New York.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 567-572. 

Gives two well records (pp. 568-569).

356 Water resources of the Catatonk area, New York.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 53-57. 

Discusses the underground-water conditions in the drift and Devonian 

shales, and describes the artesian wells at Ithaca and Slaterville and the 

sulphur and other mineral springs at a considerable number of localities. 

The water is supposed to come from the Genesee formation, the sulphur 

probably coming from decomposing pyrite.

357 King (Charles R.). The Sirnplon tunnel. 

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 856.

Contains descriptions of the underground waters encountered in the construction of the tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.

358 The completion of the Simplon tunnel. [Between Switzerland and 

Italy.]

Sci. Am., vol. 92, p. 226, 8 figs.

This article is devoted almost entirely to a description of the springs 

encoimtered. Photographs of several are given.

359 The completion of the Simplon tunnel.

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 59, pp. 24430-24432, 16 figs; also on pp. 24452-, 

24455, 9 figs.

A very complete description of the hot springs encountered, their temperature, volume, pressure, location, etc., forms the greater part of these 

articles.

360 King (F. H.). Some results of investigations in soil management 

Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr., 1903, pp. 159-174.

Discusses porosity and capillarity of soils, effect of plowing, loss of 

water by evaporation, etc.

361 Kingsville Spokesman. Artesian belt [Texas]. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 18. 

Describes the underground-water conditions of southwestern Texas.

362 Kinney (Bryce A.). Annual report of the State natural-gas supervisor.

Twenty-ninth Ann. Kept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., pp. 757-770. 

Gives several brief records of gas wells (pp. 764-766).

363 Knapp (George N.). New Jersey.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 93-103, 1 pi. 

Describes underground-water conditions in the Appalachian province, crystalline highlands province, Piedmont province, and Coastal Plain province. 

Gives geologic sections of water-bearing strata (pi. VI). Summarizes well 

statistics in the Coastal Plain (pp. 98-101) ; summarizes water resources, 

distribution of wells, and enumerates mineral springs (p. 102), and lists 

. the principal publications (p. 103).

364 Knapp (I. N.). Drilling wells in soft and unconsolidated formations.

Stevens Institute Indicator, January, 1905, 20 pp., 11 flgs.

Notes the existence in southern California of vast porous reservoirs of 

sand, gravel, etc., holding immense quantities of underground water. In 

the development of these immense supplies the " stovepipe" method 

described in this paper was developed.

365 Knight (Nicholas). Notes on the softening of Iowa well waters.

Chemical Engineer, vol. 2, pp. 89-95, 1 flg.

Describes investigations of the softening of hard water from a well in 

the Niagara magnesian limestone at Mount Vernon, Iowa. Several analyses 

are given.
46 UJSTDEEGBOUND-WATEE LITEEATTJEE IN

366 Kraus (Edward H.). On the origin of the caves of the island of Put-inBay, Lake Erie.

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 167-171.

Notes part played by solution of gypsum in the formation of the caves 

(pp. 170-171).

367 Occurrence and distribution of celestite-bearing rocks. 

Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 19, pp: 286-293, 5 figs.

Gives a description of the " Crystal" or " Strontium" cave on the 

island of Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. Notes the porous nature of the celestitebearing rocks of New York and Michigan, and discusses the agency 

of percolating saline waters in the solution of the celestite. Large, 

well-developed crystals of celestite occur in cracks and cavities due to 

deposition from celestite-bearing solutions.

368 Kiimmel (Henry B.). A report upon some molding sands of New Jersey. 

Ann. Kept. New Jersey Geol. Survey for 1904, pp. 187-246, 1 fig. 

Discusses factors determining porosity and permeability of sands (pp. 

199-204).

369 Additional well records.

Ann. Kept. New Jersey Geol. Survey for 1904, pp. 263-271. 

Gives descriptions, records, class, and yield of about 30 wells.

L.

870 Ladd (E. F.). Water for domestic purposes in North Dakota.

Bull. North Dakota Govt. Agr. Bxp. Sta. no. 66, pp. 557-571. 

Mentions requirements of safe well water as regards composition, and 

gives many analyses from various kinds of wells.

371 La Forge (Laurence). Water resources of central and southwestern highlauds of New Jersey.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 141-155.

Describes the Schooley Mountain mineral spring and gives analysis (p. 

148). Enumerates towns having springs and wells as public supply and 

mentions good quality of the water (p. 151).

372 Laird (George A.). The gold mines of the San Pedro district, Cerro de San 

Pedro, State of San Luis Potosi. Mexico.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., no. 1, January, 1905, pp. 69-89, 5 

tables, 1 map.

Concludes that the deposits were originally formed and the upper portions subsequently enriched by the action of underground water.

373 Lakes (Arthur). Organic remains in ore deposits.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1226-1227.

Discusses the agency of mineral-bearing solutions in the preservation of 

organic remains and the influence of organic remains in the precipitation 

of minerals from solutions.

374 Igneous rocks in ore deposition.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, p. 196.

Contains a discussion of the agency of igneous rocks in the formation of 

openings along which ore-bearing solutions could pass.

375 Oil-impregnated volcanic dikes in Colorado. 

Mines and Minerals, vol. 25, p. 394, 3 figs. 

Notes the occurrence of springs of water issuing at the sides of the dikes.

376 Sketch of the economic resources of the foothills of the Front Range of 

Colorado.

Min. Reporter, vol. 51, pp. 522-524, 1 fig.

Contains a brief statement of the artesian-water resources of the area.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 47

377 Lakes (Arthur). The hot and mineral springs of Routt County and Midflle 

Park, Colorado.

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, pp. 438-439, 2 figs.

The springs issue from between the Dakota sandstone and Colorado 

shales. Descriptions are given for several groups of springs.

378 Lamb (Richard). Discussion of paper entitled "The reclamation of river 

deltas and salt marshes."

Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Bng., vol. 31, pp. 204-207.

Quotes Lyell as to existence of vast springs in the Dismal Swamp, and 

describes the drainage of the swamp by digging wells through clays forming the bed of the swamp into the quicksands beneath.

379 Landes (Henry). Preliminary report on the underground waters of Washington.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. Ill, U. S. Geol. Survey, 85 pp. 1 map.

Describes the wells, springs, and geologic occurrence of the waters by 

counties, the use of spring and well water for municipal and private supply, health resorts, and irrigation. Gives a number of analyses, and dis 

cusses the compositions. Gives 16 pages of tables relative to representative 

wells, springs, and municipal supplies.

380 Lane (Alfred C.). Transmission of heat into the earth.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1903, pp. 195-237, 6 figs. 

Mentions method of deriving depth of well from temperature of its 

water (p. 195).

381 Deep borings for oil and gas.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1903, pp. 273-294, 1 fig. 

Gives a number of records, discusses the divining-rod delusion as applied 

to water (pp. 276-279), and mentions occurrences of salt water.

382 Sixth annual report of the State geologist to the board of the Geological Survey for the year 1904.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1904, pp. 113-168, 1 pi.

Describes the occurrence of salt water in an oil well near Allegan, Mich. 

(pp. 164-165).

383 Lapham (Macy EL). Soil survey of the San Jose area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

1183-1217, 1 fig., 1 map.

Defines artesian water, water table, etc.; describes irrigation by -flowing 

and nonflowing artesian wells; mentions artesian strata; describes pumping plants, relation of capillarity to rock texture, and relation of seepage 

to height of water table and occurrence of alkali (pp. 1204-1211).

384 and Jensen (Charles A.). Soil survey of the Bakersfleld area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1089- 

1114, 3 maps, 1 fig.

Describes occurrences of underground and seepage waters, and relation 

to alkali in the s»il (pp. 1107-1108). Discusses briefly the distribution of 

artesian wells, pumping plants, and use of the water for domestic purposes 

(pp. 1106-1107).

385 and Neill (N. P.). Soil survey of the Solornonsville area, Arizona.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1045- 

1070, 1 fig., 1 map.

Mentions average depth of wells and of water table; describes injurious 

effects of alkali in waters, inferiority of deep-well water, gives analysis, 

and injurious effect of seepage (pp, 1062-1064).
48 UNDERGROUND-WATER, LITERATURE IN

386 Lapham (Macy H.), Root (Aldert S.), and Mackie (W. W.). Soil survey 

of the Sacramento area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1049- 

1087, 1 map, 1 fig. 

' Describes irrigation from pumped wells in portions of the area (p. 1081).

387 Lee (Willis Thomas). Underground waters of Salt River Valley, Arizona.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 136, U. S. Geol. Survey, 196 pp.

This paper starts with descriptions of deep and seepage wells, including volume, cost, interference, materials penetrated, pumping tests, use for 

irrigation, and analyses of the waters, and gives tables showing location, 

character, depth, diameter, head, volume, permanency, etc., of wells. 

These are followed by chapters on geology and physiography, after which 

the economics of the supplies are considered. The character of the water 

table is shown by a contour map. The fluctuations of the latter and the 

underflow of Salt River and the valley in general are discussed in detail. 

Much of the water is in bowlder beds representing buried stream channels. 

Other features discussed are the chemistry of the waters, the occurrence, 

origin, and effect of salt on vegetation, the measurement of underflow by 

the Slichter underflow meter, the available water, and the cost of pumping. 

The discussion of the origin of caliche, a calcareous crust formed in the 

sediments some distance below the surface, is of much interest.

388 Leffmann (Henry). The microscopic structure of building stones. 

Proc. Eng. Club of Philadelphia, vol. 22, pp. 327-346, 12 figs. 

Describes the cementation of sediments by infiltrating solutions (p. 337).

389 Leighton (Marshal Ora). Sanitary regulations governing construction 

camps.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 90-93. 

Points out precautions to be taken in use of wells (p. 93),

390 Field assay of water.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 151, U. S. Geol. Survey, 77 pp. 

Describes a field outfit for the rapid analysis of surface and underground 

waters in the field.

391 Leith. (Charles Kenneth). A summary of Lake Superior geology with 

special reference to recent studies of the iron-bearing series.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst Min. Eng., no. 3, 1905, pp. 453-507, 1 map, 2 

tables, 4 figs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of underground waters in the formation of iron-ore deposits.

392 Genesis of Lake Superior iron ores.

Econ. Geol., vol. t, pp. 47-66.

This paper presents an important summary of the occurrence of water in 

fractured and brecciated rocks. The topics discussed include the convergence of waters through joints, fractures, brecciated zones, bedding 

planes, and structural troughs (pp. 55, 61). The irregular nature of the 

trunk channels of the underground waters (p. 56), the relation of circulation to impervious beds, and the resulting ponding and flow (p. 57), the 

lower limit of waters affecting ore deposition (p. 59), tlie relation of ore 

concentration to circulation of waters (p. 59), and the nature of mine 

waters (p. 62) are also considered. '

393 Leopold (F. B.). Filtration of water in its relation to the health and 

prosperity of a municipality.

Proc. Am. Waterworks Assoc., pp. 276 296, 4 figs.

Describes epidemic caused by use of polluted well waters at Ith.9s<?a and 

Elmira, N. Y. A ,short description of the well-supply system of *oJuimbus, 

Ohio, is quoted from the Engineering News of February U, J964. J^otes 

epidemic at Mount Savage, Va., caused by polluted spring waters.. An instance of the pollution of well waters in cities is also
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 49

^394 Leverett (Frank). Illinois.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 248-25T, 

2 pis., 1 fig.

Describes the various water-bearing formations and their relations to 

artesian and other wells, and discusses their quality and use. Lists the 

important mineral springs and principal publications regarding underground waters of the State.

395 Indiana.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 258-264, 2 pis.

Describes the principal water-bearing formations and discusses favorable 

localities for wells, giving map.' Describes general distribution of spring 

water and gives list of principal commercial springs. Lists the principal 

publications pertaiuing to underground waters of the State.

396 Ohio.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 265-270. 

Describes the various water-bearing formations and discusses localities 

favorable for artesian wells. Lists the principal mineral springs and the 

publication* relating to underground waters of the State.

396a Levy (E. C.), Whipple (George C.) and. The Kennebec Valley typhoidfever epidemic of 1902-1903. [Maine.]

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 163-214, 7 figs. 

See Whipple (George C.) aud Levy (E. C.).

397 Lewis (Joseph Volney), Pratt (Joseph .Hyde) and. Corundum and the 

peridotites of western North Carolina.

North Caroliua Geol. Survey, vol. 1, 464 pp., 45 pis., 35 figs. 

See Pratt (Joseph Hyde) and Lewis (Joseph Volney).

398 Lewis (L. L.) and Nicholson (J. F.). A study of a few representative 

sources of drinking water.

Bull. Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. no. 66, pp. 12-19.

A brief bacteriological study of water from 14 wells at Stillwater, Okla., 

giving source of water and number of bacteria. Mentions dangers of contamination.

399 Lindgren (Waldernar). The occurrence of stibnite at Steamboat Springs, 

Nevada.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. no. 2, 1905, pp. 275-278.

Describes these hot springs; gives analyses of the water and sinter 

deposited from one of the springs; describes the sinking of a shaft on the 

sinter flats a few hundred feet away and the encountering of hot water In 

a gravel bed and the discovery of stibnite crystals in the gravel.

400 Ore deposition and deep mining.

Econ. Geol.. vol. 1, pp. 34-46.

Discusses the part played by water in ore deposition (p. 43), the enrichment of ores by descending waters (pp. 35, 37), aud considers the conditions of precipitation (pp. 40, 44).

401 Chemistry of copper deposits. .

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 189.

This article is a letter to the editor in reply to a criticism by a correspondent of Mr. Lindgren's views on the chemistry of copper and sulphur 

as expressed in an article on the Clifton deposits in Arizona, which had 

previously appeared in the journal. The agency of underground waters 

in the formation of the copper deposits at Clifton is discussed.

402 Characteristics of gold-quartz veins in Victoria [Australia]. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 458-460, 1 fig.

Discusses the agency of mineralized waters In the formation of these 

veius.

IEE 163 06 4
50 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

403 Lindgren (Waldemar). Description of the Clifton quadrangle [Arizona].

Geologic Atlas IT. S., folio 129, U. S. Geol. Survey, 13 pp., 4 maps, 3 figs., 

1 col. sect.

Refers to the great volume of water mingled with Tertiary volcanic 

eruptions (p. 8). Mentions alteration of ore deposits in limestone by oxidizing waters (pp. 12, 13). Describes formation of quartz veins by aqueous 

solutions, and reviews theories (p. 13). Notes scarcity and great depth of 

ground water (p. 12). Describes the distribution of springs, including 

thermal and mineral springs, and gives analysis (p. 13).

404 and Ransome (F. L.). The geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek 

district, Colorado.

Bull. IT. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 85-98.

Describes occurrence of water in fractured area surrounded by impervious rocks, the fractures holding the water as in a reservoir (pp. 96-97). 

Also notes the depth of oxidization (p. 94) and the occurrence of carbon 

dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen, which are considered as exhalations from an 

igneous mass below.

405 The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona. 

 Prof. Paper U, S. Geol, Survey no. 43, 375 pp., 25 pis., 19 figs.

Describes the ground-water conditions in mines, noting the general absence of water (pp. 22, 212, 226, 232, 318, 333) and the occurrence of 

springs (p. 317). The part of water in ore deposition and metasomatic 

processes, including both common hydrometamorphism by circulating meteoric waters, hydrothermal metamorphism, and oxidation, are considered in 

great detail, and the chemical reactions discussed (pp. 123 194, 331 et 

seq.). The work of magmatic waters (p. 219) and the alteration by oxidizing waters are also treated at length (pp. 20-24, 197, 213, 333).

406 Mining the Australian deep leads.

Min. Magazine, A'ol. 11, pp. 139-143, 4 figs.

Describes the occurrence of water in the buried gravels; notes that longcontinued pumping causes a funnel-shaped depression in the ground-water 

table.

407 Lines (Edwin F.). Well records.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 264, pp. 41-106.

Gives summary records of over 350 oil, gas, and water wells, and detailed; logs for a considerable number.

408 Lippincott (J. B.). Water problems of Santa Barbara, Cal.

Water-Sup, and Irr, Paper no. 116, U. S. Geol. Survey, 99 pp.

Notes discharge, etc., of deep city wells (pp. 11, 33) and describes collecting tunnel over 5,000 feet long, in which flow is regulated by bulkheads 

(p. 33). Figures of discharge (p. 33) and an analysis of the tunnel water 

(p. 37) are given. To secure further supply it is intended to continue 

tunnel through the mountain to a stream, on the other side.

409 Little (Etta). Sanitary analysis of the water of Fulbright Spring.

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta\ of Drury College, vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 50-52.

Gives a new analysis of the water of one of the springs furnishing the 

public supply at Springfield, Mo., and a number of older ones of the supplies 

of other Missouri cities.

410 Livingston (Burton Edward). The relation of soils to natural vegetation 

in Roscomnioii and Crawford counties,. Mich.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey for 1903, pp. 9-32, 1 pi.

Discusses relation of ground-water level to type of vegetation (pp. 23-24).

411 Logan (W. N.) and Perkins (W. R.). The underground waters of Mississippi.

Bull. Mississippi Agr. Bxp. Sta. no. 89, 112 pp., 23 figs. 

Designates various water-bearing horizons (p. 10), classifies underground 

waters by locality and composition (pp. 10 12), enumerates factors affect-
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 51

ing purity (pp. 12-13), describes artesian water in general (p. 6), and 

discusses Mississippi artesian- and deep-well waters in detail by counties 

and towns (pp. 14-112), giving geological relations, well sections, and 

analyses; states whether flowing or nonflowing, potability, etc.

412 Loveland (G. A.). Increased flow of spring water in the autumn.

Monthly Weather Review, vol. 32, pp. 176-177.

Attributes increased flow in Nebraska in October and November to the 

slow percolation of the water from the heavy rainfall of May, June, and 

July, combined with the decreased evaporation due to lower temperature 

and the smaller demands of vegetation.

413 Lyman (Kate). Chemical analysis of the water of Fulbright Spring.

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 49-50. 

An analysis of one of the springs furnishing the public supply at Springfield, Mo.

414 Park (Emma J.) and. The Springfield water supply: Description 

of springs and the geology of the district.

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 45-49. 

See Park (Emma J.) and Lyman (Kate).

415 Park (Emma J.) and. The Hannibal formation in Greene County 

[Missouri].

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 79-90. 

See Park (Emma J.) and Lyman (Kate).

416 Lyman (W. S.), Caine (Thomas A.) and. Soil survey of the San Antonio 

area, Texas.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 447- 

473, 1 map, 1 flg.

See Caine (Thomas A.) and Lyman (W. S.).

M.

417 Macbride (Thomas H.). Geology of Emmet, Palo Alto, and Pocahontas 

counties [Iowa].

Ann. Kept. Iowa Geol. Survey, 1904, vol. 15, pp. 229-259, 1 pi. 3 figs., 3 

maps.

Gives well records (pp. 252, 254) and mentions shallow and deep wells 

and springs as sources of country and city supply (p. 259).

417a McCalley (Henry), Smith (Eugene Alien) and. Index to the mineral 

resources of Alabama.

Alabama Geol. Survey, 1904, 79 pp., map and 6 pis. 

See Smith (Eugene Alien) and McCalley (Henry).

418 Mackie (W. W.), Jensen (Charles A.), and. Soil survey of the Baker 

City area, Oregon.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1151- 

1170, 1 flg., 4 maps.

See Jensen (Charles A.) and Mackie (W. W.).

419 Boot (Aldert S.), Lapham (Macy H.) and. Soil survey of the 

Sacramento area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1049- 

1087, 1 map, 1 flg.

See Lapham (Macy H.), Root (Aldert S.), and Mackie (W. W.).

420 Maguire (Don). Oil and asphaltmn on the shores of Great Salt Lake, 

Utah.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 302, 2 figs.

Describes the saline and oil springs and notes the encountering of fialt 

water carrying much sulphuric acid in a 2,700-foot boring.
52 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

421 Mangum (A. W.) and Drake (J. A.)- Soil survey of the Russell area, 

Kansas.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 911- 

926, 1 fig., 1 map.

Mentions the occurrence of springs along the outcrop of the base of the 

Dakota sandstone (p. 914).

422 Mark (Edward L.). The Bermuda Islands and the Bermuda Biological 

Station for Research.

Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 66, pp. 393-411, 12 figs.

Describes the caves, sinks, and subterranean passages in the limestone 

of the island.

423 Marriott (Hugh F.). Electrical devices for deep borehole surveying. 

Bng. News, vol. 54, pp. 91-94.

Describes in detail the instruments and methods of use with numerous 

diagrams. Editorial review on p. 97.

424 Martin (George C.). The petroleum fields of the Pacific coast of Alaska, 

with an account of the Bering River coal deposits. 

Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey no. 250, 64 pp. 7 pis., 3 figs.

Notes the occurrence of oil and gas springs and seeps (pp. 22, 27, 47, 55, 

58), gives well records (pp. 23, 49. 55), mentions the occurrence of water 

in oil wells (pp. 24, 49, 55), describes blows of water and gas (p. 49), and 

the association of water with faulting (p. 55).

425 Notes on the petroleum fields of Alaska.

Bull. IT. S. Geol. Survey no. 259, pp. 128-139.

Gives a number of well records (pp. 131, 133), notes difficulties due to 

water in oil wells (pp. 132, 133, 136), and describes water and oil seepages 

(pp. 132, 135, 138, 139), and gas and water blows (p. 134).

426 Water resources of the Accident and Grantsville quadrangles, Maryland.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 168-170. 

Refers to the abundance of good springs, especially in the Greenbrier 

limestone, and notes the Deer Park spring as an example. States the 

probabilities of obtaining good artesian water in the region.

427 Water resources of the Frostburg and Flintstone quadrangles, Maryland and West Virginia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 171-173.

Notes the abundance of good springs in the Greenbrier and Helderburg 

limestones and their use for town supplies. Notes one artesian well obtaining water in Carboniferous sandstones, and states the probability of 

getting water in the Oriskany and Tuscarora sandstones.

428 Stose (George W.) and. Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 58-63. 

See Stose (George W.) and Martin (George C.).

429 Martin (J. O.) and Sweet (A. T.). Soil survey of the Kearney area, 

Nebraska.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 859- 

874, 1 pr., 1 map, 1 fig.

Describes briefly the occurrence - of underground and seepage waters, and 

their relation to irrigation (p. 870).

430 Mason (Russell T.). Peru.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79," pp. 1091-1093, 1 fig.

Mentions the existence of hot springs depositing sinter at Huancavelica, 

Peru.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 53

431 Mason (William P.). Sundry notes on deep-seated waters.

Proc. Am. Waterworks A&soc., 1905, pp. 297-301, 8 figs.

This article is an abstract of a paper read before the association by 

W. P. Mason. The terms ground water and deep-seated water are defined; 

two diagrams given show the conditions governing a flowing and a dry 

artesian well; the depletion of the deep water in the vicinity of London, 

England, due to excessive use is noted; the pressure, depth, etc., of the 

Woonsocket, S. Dak., artesian well, is given; relation between the Jack- 

 sonville artesian well and a sea spring off the east coast of Florida is 

noted; the spring-water supply of Orleans, France, and the deep-well supply of Copenhagen are mentioned ; contamination of deep water is touched 

upon and examples noted; the term " contributing watershed " is denned 

and an ideal section given ; a short discussion of the Sea Mills of Cephalonia concludes the article.

432 The water supply of Amsterdam, Holland. 

Bag. News, vol. 53, pp. 437-438, 4 figs. 

Describes the supplies obtained from the " sand dunes."

433 The Sea Mills of Cephalonia.

Eng. News, vol. 54, p. 352, 1 illustration.

Describes the mills at Cephalonia, the largest of the Ionian Islands; 

notes tests made to determine the course of the water. Suggests that the 

water " which sinks into the rocks at Cephalonia comes to the surface 

again in the form of steam at Stromboli, Vesuvius," etc. W. O. Crosby's 

explanation of the phenomenon is given. A view of the mill is given.

434 Relation of intensity of typhoid fever to character of water carriage.

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 412-421.

Describes typhoid epidemics caused by using polluted well water at 

Waterville, Me., and Philadelphia, Pa. In the discussion accompanying 

the article Dr. G. A. Soper described the epidemic due to the use of a 

polluted well water at Ithaca, N. Y. ; Messrs. M. N. Baker and G. W. 

Wright described epidemics due to the use of polluted well waters.

435 Interpretation of a water examination. 

Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 648-653.

States instances of serious pollution in wells and springs, and the difficulties of determining such pollution by analyses (pp. 650-652).

436 Maury (Dabney H.). The new well and hydraulic pumping plant at 

Peoria, 111.

Eng. Rec., vol. 51, pp. 139-140, 3 figs.

Complete description of the location, sinking of the well, and the equipment of the plant is given.

437 New well and hydraulic pumping plant at Peoria, 111.

Twentieth Ann. Kept. Illinois Soc. Eng. and Surv., pp. 110-118, 4 figs.

Gives references to descriptions of the old wells. Notes exploration of 

all available water-bearing gravels in the vicinity by test wells ; gives the 

location, elevation at, method of sinking, and capacity of the new well; 

discusses tests made to show absence of river infiltration ; notes flow of 

water from gravel beds to river, influence of stage of water in river on supply in gravel, and describes the influence of pumping on the underground 

supply.

438 Burdick (C. B.), and Henderson (C. R.). Report of The committee 

on waterworks.

Twentieth Ann. Kept. Illinois Soc. Eng. and Surv., pp. 132-139.

Notes the existence of 153 waterwork plants in Illinois deriving their 

supplies from underground sources (p. 133) ; mentions the installation of f 

plant at Freeport for the purpose of removing dissolved iron from deep 

well water (p. 135). In the discussion of this paper C. A. Prout state' 

that Elgin derives its water from 4 wells, one of which is 2,000 and the 

others 1,300 feet deep (p. 139).
54 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

439 McCallie (S. W.). A preliminary report on the coal deposits of Georgia. 

Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey no. 12, 121 pp., 14 pis., 60 figs. 

Refers to chalybeate springs (pp. 48, 58), and mentions springs from 

subterranean caverns near Lookout Mountain (p. 18) ; mentions flooded 

mines (pp. 56, 68, 75, 81), and describes the interference of undulations in 

coal seams with the draining of mines (pp. 30, 36) ; mentions bore holes 

(p. 41), gives records (pp. 82, figs. 48-53b), discusses them (pp. 102, 104), 

and discusses briefly the value oi records (pp. 102).

440 Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 45 54, 1 fig.

Describes an attempt to dispose of a city's sewage by forcing it down a 

deep well into a cavernous limestone. To test the question of pollution a 

quantity of salt was put into a well and samples of all other wells and 

springs in the vicinity were taken and analyzed. The results showed that 

the salt reached the other wells.

441 Georgia.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 153-158, 1 fig. 

Describes the underground water conditions in the Appalachian Mountain 

area, the Piedmont Plateau area, and the Coastal Plain area. Lists the 

principal mineral springs and the important publications regarding underground waters of the State.

442 McCarthy (Gerald). Report of Biologist.

Tenth Kept. North Carolina Board of Health, pp. 31-34. 

States that 5 water companies in the State obtain their supply from deep 

wells, and urges the general abandonment of shallow wells for deep wells.

443 Meachem (F. G.). Underground temperatures.

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 70, p. 368.

Notes the influence of hot and cold springs and the heat produced by the 

alteration of rocks by percolating water on underground temperatures. 

Abstract of a paper read before South Staffordshire and Bast Worcestershire Institution of Mining Engineers.

444 Mead (Elwood). Irrigation in northern Italy, Part I.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., IT. S. Dept. Agr., no. 144, 100 pp., 17 pis., 14 figs.

Describes use and superiority of springs for marcite irrigation in Lombardy (pp. 9, 60, 64 66) ; and describes cause and effect of seepage from 

canals (pp. 48-53, 79).

445 Water rights on interstate streams: The Platte River and tributaries. 

Water rights within the States.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., IT. S. Dept. Agr., no. 157, pp. 96-116.

Discusses return seepage as an obstacle in justly dividing a stream between appropriators in Colorado and Nebraska (pp. 107-108).

446 The irrigation investigations in California of the Office of Experiment 

Stations.

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 367-369.

Describes the use of underground water in irrigation in this section, the 

| underground-water conditions, the lowering of the water table due partly 

to a succession of dry seasons, etc.

447 Means (Thomas H.). Alkali soils.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 108-113. 

Describes the movements of alkali in ground water through soil (pp. 

111-112).

448 Kearney (Thomas H.) and. Agricultural explorations'in Algeria. 

Bull. Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 80, 98 pp., 4 pis. 

See Kearney (Thomas H.) and Means (Thomas H.),
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 55

449 Meeker (F. N.), Smith (William G.) and. Soil survey of Sumter County, 

' Alabama.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 317- 

342, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Smith (William G.) and Meeker (F. N.).

450 Melluish (J. G.). Drainage in western Iowa.

Twentieth Ann. Kept. Illinois Soc. Bng. and Surv., pp. 57-65, 2 ill.

Describes the reclaiming of wet lands by means of underground drainage 

obtained by sinking holes through the swamp bottom into a pervious bed 

(p. 61). Gives effective diameter of soil grains and rate of flow through 

soil in several counties (pp. 64-65).

451 Mendenhall (Walter C.). Studies of California ground waters. 

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 382 384.

A discussion of the underground-water conditions and resources of south-; 

ern California. An artesian area in the Colorado Desert is described.

452 Development of underground waters in the eastern Coastal Plain region of southern California.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 137, U. S. Geol. Survey, 140 pp. 

Describes the general ground-water conditions, the source and sufficiency 

of supply, and the interference and cost of wells. Tables are given showing the owner, location, date of drilling, type, elevation of surface and 

water, depth, solids in solution, temperature, methods of lift, cost, and use 

of wells. The maps show distribution of wells, original and present areas 

of flows, depth to water, and location of pumping plants.

453 Development of underground waters in the central Coastal Plain region of southern California.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 138, IT. S. Geol. Survey, 162 pp. 

Treats same topics as no. 452.

454 Development of underground waters in the western Coastal Plain region of southern California.

Water-Sup, and Trr. Paper no. 139, TT. S. Geol. Survey, 105 pp. 

Treats same topics as no. 452.

455 The hydrology of San Bernardino Valley, California.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 142, U. S. Geol. Survey, 124 pp. 

Discusses the development of irrigation, rainfall, effect of forests on 

water supplies, nature of the return waters, conditions governing the absorption of streams, and the composition (with analyses), flow, temperature, and decline of underground waters. The basin, which is about 8,000 

feet deep, is filled with alluvial deposits in which there are many water 

horizons. Some stratigraphic records and tables, giving the owner, location, 

depth, composition, temperature, cost, use, etc., of wells, are included. 

Maps showing wells, artesian areas, etc., are also given.

45G Underground waters of southern California.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 113-121. 

Describes the development of artesian wells for use in irrigation (pp. 

114-116), origin of the ground water and its mode of occurrence (pp. 116- 

117), distribution and character of the supply (pp. 117-118), and the reduction and fluctuation of supply and their causes (pp. 120-121). Desirable precautions in use of water are also pointed out (p. 120).

457 The underground waters of southern California.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 150-158.

Describes the artesian areas, their geologic relations, great value, shrinkage in area, problems, etc.
56 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

458 Mesmer (Louis). Soil survey of the Los Angeles area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1263- 

1306, 1 fig., 2 maps.

Describes Irrigation from flowing and pumping artesian wells (p. 1293).

459 Merrill (Frederick J. H.). Bromine.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 1029-1030. 

Notes the occurrence of bromine in the brines, of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.

460 Miller (Thomas D.). Texas oil fields.

Progressive Age, vol. 23, pp. 398-403, 1 fig.

Quotes R. T. Hill on agency of hot saline waters in the formation of the 

oil and gas-pools of Texas and Louisiana ; describes the encountering of oil 

in sinking an artesian well now flowing warm water at Corsicana, Tex.

461 Mills (W. M.). A physiographic and ecological study of the Winona Lake 

region.

Twenty-eighth Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., pp. 377- 

396, Pis. VII-VIII, figs. 1-4.

Rich vegetation favored by springs (p. 384). Mentions post-Glacial conglomerate possibly cemented by spring water (p. 395).

462 Mines and Minerals. A 300-foot air-lift well plant at the Scranton Cold 

Storage House [Penn.].

Mines and Minerals, vol. 25, p. 494. 

Describes an 835-foot well at this place.

463 Mining and Scientific Press. The Bassick mine, Querida, Colo. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 4-5, 1 fig.

Assigns the mineralization of the ore shoots to the action of thermal 

mineral springs along a line of fracture.

464 Unwatering the Comstock.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 65, 73-74, 1 fig.

Describes the filling of the lower levels by rising hot water and the work 

now being done to unwater the mines.

465 The Simplon tunnel.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 119.

Mentions the encountering of large volumes of hot water in the construction of the tunnel.

466 Coolgardie, Australia, pumping system.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 120-122, 11 figs.

Contains a description of the use of well and saline mine waters for 

water supply during the early days of this gold field.

467 Artesian water.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 168, 6 flgs.

Discusses geological conditions essential to the securing of artesian water, 

and quotes I. C. Russell on the subject of legal restrictions on the waste of 

subsurface waters.

468 Water supply by compressed air.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 168-169.

Contains a description of the location, depth, etc., of the wells furnishing 

the additional water supply of Los Angeles, Cal.

469 The Simplon tunnel [between Switzerland and Italy]. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 185-186, 7 figs.

Contains a description of the hot and cold springs encountered in drilling 

the tunnel.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 57

470 Mining and Scientific Press. [Springs.] 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 231. 

Discussion of the origin of springs.

471 [Ground-water level at Goldfleld, Nev.]. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 348.

Notes the lack of water at Goldfleld and the dependence on ground 

water, the level of which is found at 65-205 feet below the surface.

472 Value of geological knowledge.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 370-371, 1 fig.

Notes the varying amounts of underground water encountered in the 

different formations in sinking a shaft at the Illinois mine, Wisconsin.

473 Prospecting for desert mines.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol 90, p. 371, 1 fig.

Describes several springs in San Bernardino County, Cal.

474 Discovery and development of the Homestake mines of South Dakota. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, p. 404. 2 figs.

Describes the use in the Homestake mines of a stream of water issuing 

from a tunnel about 4 miles north or the works.

475 [Active mud volcano.]

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 119.

Notice of the breaking out of an active mud volcano early in August in 

the Black Rock Desert, Humboldt County, Nev.

476 At what depth do gold mines quit?

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 255.

Discusses the agency of descending mineral-bearing solutions in the secondary enrichment of gold veins.

477 [Theories of ore deposition.]

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 270.

Brief comparison of the lateral secretion and ascension theories.

478 The drainage of Cripple Creek mines.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol 91, p. 291, 1 fig.

Describes heavy inflow of water into the shafts and the present and 

proposed drainage tunnels. A figure is given showing the relation of the 

various shafts and tunnels to the present water level.

479 [Springs in the desert region of southwestern United States.] 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 293. 

Describes several springs in California.

480 Divining rod as a water finder.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 314.

Reprint from the Engineering News relating to the successful use of a 

divining rod at the Imperial Navy-Yard, Kiel, Germany.

481 - What is a fissure vein?

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 392.

Discusses the alteration of rocks in veins by percolating mineral waters, 

the temperatures of mine waters, and the direction of flow of underground 

waters.

482 The Simplon tunnel.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 399. 1 fig.

Describes the thermal springs encountered in the construction of the 

tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.
58 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

483 Mining and Scientific Press. [Mine water at Leadville, Colo.] 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 417. 

Describes the trouble with mine water at Leadville, Colo.

484 Mining Magazine. . Some questions regarding ore genesis. 

Min. Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 399-400.

Discussion of the agency of water, volcanic and meteoric, in the formation of ore deposits.

485 Mining Reporter. The drainage of the Cripple Creek district [Colo.].

Min. Reporter, vol. 51, p. 280.

States that the lower depths of the Cripple Creek basin hold more water 

than the upper portions and gives the evidence on which this statement 

is based.

486 [Blowing wefls.]

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, p. 285.

Brief description of blowing wells and explanation of their cause.

487 Drainage of the Cripple Creek district.

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, pp. 392-393, 2 figs.

Discusses the underground-water conditions in this district. Gives a 

map showing the relation of the present water level to the different mines.

488 The divining rod superseded.

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, p. 514.

Mentions the use of an electric or magnetic device in the location of ore 

bodies.

489 The Simplon tunnel.

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, pp. 595-596.

Notes the encountering of hot springs at 45° Centigrade in the construction of the tunnel between Switzerland and Italy.

490 Minor (J. C.). The so-called constipating effect of the hot water of Hot 

Springs, Ark.

Med. Mirror, St. Louis, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 3-5.

Endeavors to disprove erroneous ideas concerning proportion of sulphur 

and injurious effects of this water.

491 Minor (John C., jr.). The production and modern uses of carbonic acid.

Chemical Engineer, vol. 1, pp. 212-218.

A paper read before the New York Section of the American Chemical 

Society, December 29, 1904. Contains a description of the wells at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., that are used for the production of this gas and describes the method used in separating the gas from the water.

492 Mitchell (George A.). Irrigation in the East.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 346-348.

Mentions irrigation from flowing artesian wells near Atlantic City, N. J., 

and water supply from pumping 14 driven wells at Vineland, N. J.

493 Monaghan (J. F.). Windmills for South Africa.

Daily Consular Repts. no. 2210, Dept. Com. and Labor, p. 4. 

Mentions necessity for sinking wells, owing to continued dry seasons.

494 Moncrieff (C. Scott). Irrigation.

Science, new ser., vol. 22, pp. 577-590.

Refers to irrigation by artesian wells in California, Algeria, and Queensland (p. 579), and by ordinary wells in India and elsewhere (p. 580).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 59

495 Monete (Leon). The construction of the Simplon tunnel [between Switzerland and Italy].

Eng. Magazine, vol. 29, pp. 169-184, 29 figs.

Description, of the springs of hot and cold water «ncotmtered in the 

construction of the tunnel is given. Photographs are givea of two of 

these springs.

496 Mooney (Charles N.) and Ayrs (O. L.). Soil survey of the Greeneville 

area, Tennessee-North Carolina.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 493- 

525, 1 map, 1 fig.

Refers to occurrence of sink holes and effect on drainage (p. 498).

497 Moore (George T.). The use of copper sulphate as an algicide. 

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol 19, pp. 474-481. 

Notes the use of a thermal spring in Virginia, temperature given as 70° 

the year round, in the growing of water cress (pp. 475-476).

498 and Kellerman (Karl F.). Copper as an algicide and disinfectant 

in water supplies.

Bull. Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 76, 55 pp. 

Describes injury of ground water stored in an open reservoir at Newtown, 

Pa., through growth of alga?, and disinfection of the water by use of copper sulphate (pp. 26-27).

498a Moore (Richard B.), Schlundt (Herman) and. Radio-activity of some 

deep-well and mineral waters. 

Jour. Physical Chemistry, vol. 9, pp. 320-332. 

See Sehlundt (Herman) and Moore (Richard B.).

499 Morgan (Percy). The Hauraki gold fields, New Zealand. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 861-862.

Contains discussion of the agency of underground water in the origin of 

the deposits.

500 Morrison (Charles E.), The importance of potable water supplies to mining communities.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 1057-1058.

Includes a discussion of the availability of springs acd wells in mining districts. Cites a case in Mexico in which a spring supply caused an 

epidemic due to the impregnation of the spring water by arsenic from the 

mining of a silver-lead ore carrying considerable arsenic.

501 Moulthrop (George E.). Annual address [of the president of the Montana 

Society of Engineers].

Jour. Assoe. Eng. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 141-163.

Notes the decision of March 3, 1903, of the Secretary of the Interior 

relating to the use of the reclamation fund in sinking artesian wells.

502 Municipal Engineering. Investigations of water supplies. 

Municipal Engineering, vol. 28, pp. 23-24.

Contains a description of the subterranean gallery, deep- and driven-well 

system furnishing the water supply for the city of Indianapolis.

503 Removal of iron from ground water.

Municipal Engineering, vol. 28, pp. 472-477, 8 figs.

The water supply of Richmond, Mo., is taken from a group of 4 or 5 

wells sunk to bed rock in the Missouri River bottom lands. The water 

contains 12 or more parts per million of iron. This article is devoted to a 

description of the method of aeration and filtration of this well water.

i

504 Murphy (E. C.). Drought in Ohio River drainage basin. ! 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 147, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 173-182. 

Describes failure of springs and wells in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 

and Kentucky, and the shortage of public supplies.
60 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

N.

V,

505 Neill (N. P.), Holmes (J. Garnett) and. Soil survey of the Greeley area, 

Colorado.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, TL S. Dept. Agr., pp. 951- 

993, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Holmes (J. Garnett) and Neill (N. P.).

505a Lapliam (Macy H.) and. Soil survey of the Solomonsville area, 

Arizona.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1045- 

1070, 1 fig., 1 map.

See Lapham (Macy H.) and Neill (N. P.).

506 Newell (Frederick Haynes). Proceedings of the second conference of 

engineers of the Reclamation Service; Organization; Report of 

Conference.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 146, TJ. S, Geol. Survey, pp. 7-19.

Gives personnel of division of hydrology (pp. 7, 11) and notes papers 

on underground waters by W. C. Mendenhall and C. S. Slichter (p. 13).

507 Nichols (Francis H.). Notes from diary in China.

Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 339-356, 1 fig.

Describes the salt and gas wells of Tze Liu (pp. 349-350).

508 Nicholson (J. F.), Lewis (L. L.) and. A study of a few representative 

sources of drinking water.

Bull. Oklahoma Agr. Bxp. Sta. no. 66, pp. 12-19. 

See Lewis (L. L.) and Nicholson (J. F.).

509 Noble (T. A.), Ross (D. W.), Whistler (3. T.) and. Report of progress 

of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part XII, 

Columbia River and Puget Sound Drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 135, U. S. Geol. Survey, 300 pp. 

See Ross (D. W.), Whistler (J. T.), and Noble (T. A.).

510 North Carolina, Board of Health of. Tenth report, 1903-1904.

State laws of North Carolina relative to pollution of wells and springs 

(p. 79).

511 Norton (William Harmon). Iowa.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 220-225, 

2 figs.

Describes the shallow and artesian water supplies of the various districts of the State, including the Cambrian, Ordovictan, Silurian, Devonian, 

Carboniferous, and Cretaceous rocks. Lists the mineral springs of the 

State and notes the principal publications on underground waters.

512 Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 148-155.

The investigation was undertaken to discover underground supplies, the 

surface waters having caused a typhoid epidemic. The geology and water 

horizons, including the St. Peter sandstone, Oneota limestone, Jordan sandstone, etc., are described and predictions made as to the depth, quantity, 

quality, head, etc., to be expected in a deep well. (The prediction has since 

been verified in every particular by the well sunk as a result of Professor 

Norton's recommendations. M. L. F.)

O.

513 O'Harra (C. C.), Barton (N. H.) and. Description of the Aladdin quadrangle [Wyoming-South Dakota-Montana].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 128, U. S. Geol. Survey, 8 pp., 4 maps, 1 col. 

sect., 1 fig.

See Barton (N. H.) and O'Harra (C. C,).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 61

514 Oliphant (F. H.). Petroleum.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 675-759.

Describes the occurrence of salt water in the oil wells of Louisiana 

(p. 708), Texas (pp. 712, 713, 714), Russia (p. 733), Germany (p. 742), 

and China (p. 757).

515 Natural gas.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, L\ S. Geol. Survey, pp. 761-788.

Describes the occurrence of water in the gas wells of Indiana (p. 772) 

and Texas (p. 785). Notes that many of the artesian wells along the Gulf 

coast give off considerable natural gas with the artesian water fp. 785).

P.

516 Pagliucci (Frank D.). The quicksilver deposits of Huitzuco [Mexico]. "~"*4i * 

England Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 417-418, 2 figs.

The workings follow an old hot-spring conduit or geyser pipe. The relation of the quicksilver deposits to this conduit are discussed.

516a Palache (Charles), Jaggar (Thomas A., jr.) and. Description of the 

Bradshaw Mountains quadrangle [Arizona].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 126, U. S. Geol. Survey, 11 pp., 4 maps, 1 

illus. sheet.

See Jaggar (Thomas A., jr.) and Palache (Charles).

517 Palmer (Charles S.). The replacement of quartz by pyrite. 

 Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 169.

Discusses the agency of hot alkaline waters in the replacement of quartz 

by pyrite.

518 Pammel (L. H.) and Fogel (Estelle D.). Some railroad water supplies.

Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. for 1904, vol. 12, pp. 151-155.

Gives the location and depth of wells and temperatures and sanitary 

analyses of the waters of wells in the drift and St. Peter sandstone of 

Iowa.

519 Park (Emma J.) and Lyman (Kate). The Springfield water supply: 

Description of springs and the geology of the district.

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 45-49.

Describes in some detail the springs used for public supply at Springfield, 

Mo. The water issues from the contact of the Upper and Lower Burlington 

limestones, but part may come from the St. Peters sandstone along a 

near-by fault. The sinks and caverns of the region are mentioned and the 

question of pollution of the limestone waters considered.

520 The Hannibal formation in Greene County [Missouri].

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 79-90. 

Describes springs from contact of Lower Burlington and Chouteau limestones, the water coming from large solution passages or caves (p. 81). 

. The composition of the well and spring waters from the Hannibal formation 

are considered and analyses of the water given (p. 87 88).

521 Park (James). Ore deposits in relation to thermal activity.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 606-607; continued on pp. 700-701.

These articles are abstracts from " Mining geology," by Prof. James 

Park, in the Australian Mining Standard, January 26, 1905. Describes in 

considerable detail the relations of hot springs and fumaroles to ore 

deposits.

522 Metasomatic replacement

Eng. and Min.' Jour., vol. 79, p. 799.

This article is an abstract from " Mining geology," by Prof. James Park, 

in .the Australian Mining Standard, January 26, 1905. Discussion of mineral solutions in metasomatic replacement given in considerable detail.
62 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

523 Park (Jarues). Contact metamorphic deposits. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 896.

Contains discussions of the agency of underground water in contact metamorphism. This article is an abstract from " Mining geology," by Prof. 

James Park, in the Australian Mining Standard, February 16, 1905.

524 The formation of veins.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 941-942.

This article is an abstract from " Mining geology," by Prof. James Park, 

in the Australian Mining Standard, February 23. 1905. The agency of 

underground waters in the formation of veins is discussed.

525 Theories of vein formation.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 993-994.

Discusses the eruptive after-action, lateral-secretion, and ascension theories. This article is an abstract from " Mining geology," by Trof. James 

Park, in the Australian Mining Standard, February 16, 1905.

526 Absorption of metals by silica and clays in relation to ore deposition. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 1242.

Discusses the power of clays, etc., of extracting metals from mineralized 

underground waters.

527 [Peale, A. C.] Mineral waters.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Cleol. Survey, pp. 1185-1208.

Both production and value 'show a large gain over 1903. The production 

is given as 67,718,500 gallons and the value as $10,398,450. A list of the 

commercial springs is given. A list of the mineral waters on exhibition at 

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition is given. Tables showing the imports 

of mineral waters from 1867 to 1904 and exports from 1875 to 1883 are 

also given.

528 Peary (Robert E.). Address delivered at the annual meeting of the American Geographical Society, January 24, 1905.

Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 129-143.

Notes the sinking of artesian wells in the Algerian Sahara, and briefly 

discusses the underground-water conditions and the use of the water in 

irrigation (p. 137).

530 Pendell (George). Pumping plants and irrigation at El Paso, Tex. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 1, no. 6, p. 8. 

Mentions several wells from which water is used for irrigation.

531 Perkins (F. C.). Latest electrical equipment of the Karawanken tunnel 

[ Austria-Hungary].

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 275.

Notes the encountering of a considerable amount of water in the excavation of the tunnel.

532 Perkins (George H.). Vermont.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 60-67, 1 fig. 

Discusses public supplies from springs and gives table (pp. 60-62) ; 

discusses common and mineral springs and gives analyses and list of commercial springs (pp. 62-64K Describes distribution of ordinary, deep, and 

artesian wells and gives map (pp. 64-65). Emphasizes the abundance of 

water (pp. 66-67). Gives list of publications (p. 67).

533 Perkins (W. R.), Logan (W. N.), and. The underground waters of Mississippi.

Bull. Mississippi Agr. Exp. Sta. no. 89, 112 pp., 23 figs. 

See Logan (W. N.) and Perkins (W. R.).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 63

534 Philips (William Battle). Tlie quicksilver deposits of Brewster County, 

Tex.

Bcon. GeoL, vol. 1 pp. 155-162.

Describes caverns in the Upper Cretaceous and their contained cinnabar 

deposits (p. 158).

535 Pittman (E. F.) and David (T. W. E.). Irrigation geologically considered with special reference to the artesian area of New South 

Wales.

Jour, and Proc. Roy. Soc., N. S. Wales, eng. sect., vol. 37, pp. ciii-cliii, 

2 pis. Abstract: Exp. Sta. Record, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 193.

Summarizes present state of knowledge and gives list of papers bearing 

on the subject.

536 "Porter (Rufus K.). Timber tunneling in quicksand.

Jour. Assoc. Eng. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 61-76, 11 figs.

Describes the methods used in driving a timber tunnel in quicksand at 

Newton, Mass., 10 feet below the ground-water level. Contains descriptions of the water encountered and how it was disposed of.

537 Driving a tunnel in quicksand.

Mines and Minerals, vol. 26, pp. 219-221, 10 figs.

Describes the method used in driving a tunnel in quicksand at Newton, 

Mass., where the level of ground water was 10 feet above grade.

538 Potter (Alexander). Breakage in sewer conduits; its cause, effect, and 

prevention.

Jour. Assoc. Eng. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 190 213.

Discusses the admission of ground water into sewers through defective 

pipes. Notes that in one case such inflow caused a lowering of the groundwater table.

539 Pratt (Joseph Hyde) and Lewis (Joseph Volney). Corundum and the 

peridotites of western North Carolina.

North Carolina Geol. Survey, vol. 1, 464 pp., 45 pis., 35 figs. 

Mentions relation of peridotite weathering to percolation of water (p. 

65) ; describes leaching effect of infiltrating waters (p. 113), relations of 

serpentinization to zone of hydration (pp. 118-121), of chloritization to 

infiltrating solutions (p. 123) ; mentions hypothesis for formation and alteration of corundum through agency of percolating and permeating waters 

(pp. 270, 340, 341, 347).

540 Pressey (Henry A.). Water powers of the southern Appalachian region. 

Forestry and Irrigation, vol. 11, pp. 498-512, 5 figs.

Mentions the existence of many springs on the mountains and discusses 

the relation of forests to springs and stream flow.

541 Pumpelly (Raphael W.). "Physiographic observations between the Syr 

Darya and Lake Kara Kul, on the Pamir, in 1903."

Explorations in Turkestan with an account of the basin of eastern Persia 

and Sistan Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1905, pp. 123-155, 38 

figs, 2 maps.

Notes absorption of water of mountain streams in the sands of the Kara 

Kul desert (p. 132).

542 Purdue (A. H.). Northern Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 188-197, 1 pi., 

2 figs.

Describes the underground-water conditions in the Boone chert area, in 

the Boston Mountains area, in the Paleozoic area, and in the Tertiary 

region, discussing conditions for wells. Enumerates the mineral springs 

and the principal publications bearing on underground waters in that part 

of the State.
64 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

543 Purdue (A. H.). Water resources of the Winslow quadrangle, Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and In-. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 84-87.

Describes the underground-water conditions and discusses the quantity 

and quality of the supplies of wells and springs in the Boone and Pitkiu 

limestones. Hall sandstone, and Winslow sandstones and shales. One sulphur spring is described.

544 Water resources of the contact region between the Paleozoic and Mississippi ernbayinent deposits in northern Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 88-119. 

Discusses the topography and geology of the region, and considers the 

underground-water supplies from the Ordovician beds, Boone formation, 

Batesville sandstone, Pitkin limestone, and Morrow formation of the high 

lands, and of the Tertiary and later horizons of the lowlands. The derivation of water from rainfall, the conditions of absorption from rivers, and 

the source from underlying Paleozoic rocks are considered. The water 

horizons are not continuous and flows are not to be expected. The composition of the water, methods of sinking wells, capacity, and sanitary location of wells are also discussed.

545 Pynch.cn (W. H. C.). Drilled wells of the Triassic area of the Connecticut 

Valley.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 65-94, 2 flgs.

Describes a considerable number of wells, and the relation of the occur 

rence of water to the geology. Emphasizes the uniform water-bearing 

character of the sandstones, the high percentage of mineral matter, and the 

general absence of flowing wells. Gives analysis and many brief records.

R.

546 Rafter (George W.). Hydrology of the State of New York.

Bull. New York State Mus. no. 85, 902 pp., 45 pis., 74 flgs., 5 maps.

Discusses relation of rainfall to run-off, including effect on level and 

fluctuation of water table (pp. 114 203), and relation of geologic structure 

to run-off (pp. 162-172). Mentions use of wells in New York City (pp. 

676-679). Describes relations of open and driven wells on Long Island 

for the Borough of Brooklyn (pp. 681-693), and discusses the unfavorable conditions for such supplies elsewhere in the State (pp. 713-717). 

Describes supplies obtained from wells and springs in western New York 

(pp. 844-863).

547 Ransome (Frederick Leslie). The present standing of applied geology. 

Econ. Geol., vol. 1, pp. 1 10.

Considers briefly the relative importance of meteoric and magmatic 

waters, and quotes Becker on artesian origin of the hot waters of the Cornstock lode (p. 8).

548 Lindgren (Waldeinar) and. The geologic resurvey of the Cripple 

Creek district, Colorado.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 85-98.

See Lindgren (Waldemar) and Ransome (Frederick Leslie).

549 Read (Thomas Thorn ton). The phase rule and conceptions of igneous 

magmas. Their bearing on ore deposition.

Bcon. Geol., vol. 1, pp. 101-118

Considers the relative importance of meteoric and magmatic waters (pp. 

101-102) and the origin of the latter (pp. 101, 117).

550 Platinum and palladium in certain copper ores. 

Bng. and Min. .Tour., vol 79, pp. 985-986, 3 flgs.

Contains a discussion of the agency of mineralized underground waters 

in the formation of chalcopyrite, covellite, and chalcocite.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 65

551 Reagan (Albert B.). Some geological observations on the central part of 

the Rosebud Indian Reservation, So.uth Dakota.

Am. Geologist, vol. 36, pp. 229-243.

Notes the occurrence of sinks and springs, and considers the composition 

of spring and well waters. A map of some of the sinks is given. The 

waters are from Cretaceous and Tertiary deposits (pp. 240 241).

552 Held (John A.). Some underground waters and their work.

California Jour. Technology, vol. 5, pp. 117-121, 7 figs.

Discusses the agency of the thermal waters of the Comstock Lode, 

Nevada, in the decomposition of the country rock and the deposition of 

the ores. Several analyses of mine waters are given.

553 Structure and genesis of the Comstock Lode* 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 244.

An extended discussion of the agency of mineral solutions in the formation of the ore deposits of the Comstock Lode.

554 Some underground waters and their work. 

Min. Reporter, vol. 51, pp. 642-644, 7 figs.

Gives analysis of several Nevada mine waters and discusses the altera- 

 tion of rocks by heated mineral waters.

555 The structure and genesis of the Comstock Lode. [Nevada.] 

Bull. Dept. Geol., TJniv. Cal., vol. 4. no. 10, pp. 177-199. 

Discusses the agency of underground waters in ore deposition; gives 

analyses and assays of the deep and vadose waters of the mines.

556 Bice (Thomas D.) and Geib (W. J.). Soil survey of the Gainesville area, 

Florida.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

269-289, 1 map, 1 fig.

Describes sink holes and limestone caverns (p. 274).

557 and Geib (W. J.). Soil survey of Warren County, Kentucky.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904. U. S. Dept. Agr.,- pp. 

527-541, 1 map, 1 fig.

Describes the occurrence of sink holes and their connection with limestone caverns (p. 530).

558 and Griswold (Lewis). Soil survey of Acadia Parish, Louisiana.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

461-485, 1 fig.. 1 map.

Describes irrigation from wells sunk to the Lafayette formation, and 

states that a few of the wells are flowing. Describes the geological occurrence of the water and the change from fresh water to salt water by 

continued pumping in time of drought (pp. 477 478).

558a Richards (Ellen H.) and Woodman (Alpheus G.). Air, water, and food 

from a sanitary standpoint.

New York and London, 1904, 262 pp., 13 figs., 1 map.

Gives analytical procedure for the sanitary examination of waters, and 

discusses particularly the interpretation of the analytical data obtained by 

the examination of well water.

559 Richardson (George B.). Salt, gypsum, and petroleum in trans-Pecos, 

Texas.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 573-585.

Notes the relation of the ground-water level to salt deposits (p. 580), 

considers the occurrence of artesian water and wells (p. 581), gives well 

record (p. 583), and describes caves and channels in gypsum (p. 585).

IRE 163 06 5
66 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

560 Eichardson (George B.). Native sulphur in El Paso County, Texas.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 589-592.

Describes the shallow mineralized waters (p. 590) and notes the deposition of gypsum by the evaporation of the ground waters (p. 590). 

Caves in gypsum are also mentioned (p. 591).

561 Riemer (W. H. V.). An experiment and an experience in sewage disposal. 

Municipal Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 252-253.

Discusses the difficulties encountered in the management of the sewage 

plant due to the reduced amount of ground water entering the sewers.

502 Rix (Edward A.). Compressed air on the Pacific coast.

Mines and Minerals, vol. 25, pp. 465-472, 15 figs.

Notes the encountering of a large flow of water in the Brunswiok mine, 

Grass Valley, California (p. 468) ; describes the use of compressed air in 

increasing the flow of an artesian well at Tulare (pp. 469-470) ; describes 

the pumping plant of the Los Angeles well system (p. 470).

563 Roadhouse (J. E.). Irrigation conditions in Imperial Valley, California. 

Bull. Office of Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 175-194, 1 pi. 

Describes seepage and its relation to loss of water from" canals (pp. 186- 

189).

564 Roberts (L. H.). Watering the desert: A short history of the 300-mile 

pipe system supplying water to the Coolgardie gold fields and district in Australia.

Technical World Magazine, vol. 3, pp. 85-86, 3 figs.

Notes the encountering of salt water in mines.

565 Root (Aldert S.), Mackie (W. W.), Lapham (Macy H,), and. Soil survey of the Sacramento area, California.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1049- 

1087, 1 map, 1 fig.

See Lapham (Macy H.), Root (Aldert S.), and Mackie (W. W.).

566 Ross (Berta). Hahatonka [Missouri].

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 68-71.

Describes Hahatonka and other springs, sinks, caves, underground channels, and natural bridge, together with cave deposits. The proposal to 

utilize the spring for power is noted, the result of damming on the underground drainage, and the possible opening of new outlets considered.

567 Ross (D. W.), Whistler (J. T.), and Noble (T. A.). Report of progress of 

Stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part XII, Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 135, U. S. Geol. Survey, 300 pp.

Gives discharge of the following Idaho springs (pp. 271 273) and considers the use of several for irrigation: Bear, Big, Blue, Caldwell, East 

Bald Cabin, West Bald Cabin, Garner, Golf, Green, Grizzly, Hawley, Rock, 

Sherwood, Thompson, Thurman, and Whitman.

568 Rowe (Jesse Perry). Montana gypsuni deposits. 

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 104-113.

Notes the presence of calcium sulphate and the deposition of gypsum by 

springs in Montana.

569 Russell (Israel Cl). Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 252, 138 pp., 24 pis., 4 figs.

Mentions large springs in river beds (pp. 18 19) ; describes indurating 

effect of silica waters (p. 32) ; describes conditions relative to artesian 

areas and wells (pp. 56-122) ; describes thermal and normal springs (pp. 

41, 55-96), drilled wells (p. 41), deep driven wells (p. 84), horizontal wells 

(pp. 66, 79), and gives well records (pp. 42, 84).
UNITED STATES TIST 1905. 67

570 Russell (Israel C.). A geological reconnaissance along the north shore 

of Lakes Huron and Michigan.

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey, 1904, pp. 

maps.

Describes knob and kettle topography due tol solution of gypsum beds 

(p. 44) and formation of breccia by settling of overlying beds (p. 45).

i 

33-114, |l pis., 1 fig., 3

571 The influence of caverns on topography. 

Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 30-32. 

Describes hills left in relief owing to subterranean drainage, and gives 

examples at Luray, Va., at Mackinac Island, Michigan, and at Gibraltar.

572 Rutherford (Rutledge). Rice Cultivation in America.

Technical World Magazine, vol. 4, pp. 234-240, 7 figs.

Describes the use of artesian-well water in the irrigation of rice fields of

southern United States.

S.

573 San Antonio Gazette. Irrigation in artesian belt. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-12. 

Gives a description of the wells, springs, and 

tions in southwestern Texas.

underground-water condi574 Sanchez (Alfred M.). Soil survey qf the Provo area, Utah.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1903, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1121- 

1150, 1 fig., 3 maps.

Gives a map (Map 65) showing the depth to the water table and discusses depths and relation to alkali and seepagp (pp. 1138 1141). Mentions irrigation by flowing wells (p. 1134).

575 Savage (T. E.). Geology of Benton County [Iowa]. 

Ana. Kept. Iowa Geol. Survey, 1904, vol. 15, pi 

Mentions shallow wells, springs, flowing artesl 

for town and farm use (p. 224).

. 127-225, 14 figs., 1 map. 

an wells, and well water

576 Schardt (H.) [in Engineering Magazine]. The gjeology of the Simplon 

tunnel [between Switzerland and Italy]. 

Min. Reporter, vol. 52, p. 314.

Contains a description of the springs encountered in the construction of 

the tunnel.

577 Scherer (George H.). Geology of the Hahatonka district, Camden County. 

[Missouri].

Bull. Bradley Geol. Field Sta. of Drury Coll., jol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 58-67. 

Considers part of hot ground waters accompanying pegmatite intrusion

in formation of chert (p. 60), describes springs 

ville "dome" (pp. 62-63), discusses availability < 

(p. 63), and gives well records and analyses (pp

and wells of the Decaturf springs for water power 

. 63-67).

578 Schlundt (Herman) and Moore (Richard B.). Radio-activity of some 

deep-well and mineral waters.

Jour. Physical Chemistry, vol. 9, pp. 320-332. 

Describes methods and gives results of experin 

properties of deep-well and spring waters in the 

Mo. The location, depth, and method of pumpin?

ments on the radio-active 

limestone near Columbia, 

the wells are given.

579 Schoch (Edward R.). The genesis of the Tarkwa Banket. [Gold Coast, 

Africa.]

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1235-1236.

Discusses the agency of mineral-bearing solutions in the formation of 

these deposits.
68 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

580 Schrader (F. C.) and Haworth (Erasmus). Oil and gas of the Independence quadrangle, Kansas.

Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 446-458. 

Gives summary of drilling in 1904.

581 Schultz (Alfred R.). Wisconsin district

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 233-241, 2 figs.

Describes the underground-water resources of the State and the occurrence of water in the Potsdam sandstone, Lower Magnesian limestone, St. 

Peter sandstone, Galena-Trenton limestone, Niagara limestone, and drift 

deposits. Describes the occurrence of springs and mineral waters and lists 

the important mineral springs. Notes several publications on underground 

waters.

582 Schwarz (T. E.). Features of the occurrence of ore at Red Mountain, 

Ouray County, Colorado.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. no. 2, pp. 267-274, 3 figs.

Ascribes the origin of the Yankee Girl ore body to secondary enrichment 

by descending acid solutions, and quotes W. H. Weed as explaining the 

occurrence of enargite in the Butte mines as a secondary product deposited by ascending alkaline solutions.

583 Science. [Review of notes on the spring waters of Massachusetts, published in " Contributions to the Hydrology of eastern United States,

1903"].

Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 279 280.

Notes economic value and distribution of springs and cooperation of 

drillers.

584 [Notes on the work of the division of hydrology of the U. S. Geological 

Survey].

Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 319-320.

Compares this division with similar divisions in other countries, and 

notes the establishment of such bureaus in Brazil and Peru.

585 [Investigation of "blowing" or "breathing" wells]. 

Science, new ser., vol. 22, pp. 415 416.

Refers to breathing wells in Nebraska and Louisiana, and attributes 

their peculiarity changes in atmospheric pressure or temperature.

586 [Ground water in crystalline rocks in Connecticut]. 

Science, new ser., vol. 22, p. 476.

States that the water is frequently under artesian pressure, and bears a 

definite relation to the drift.

587 Scientific American. The dangers and difficulties of tunnel boring. 

Compressed Air, vol. 10, pp. 3633-3634.

Mentions tl* encountering of hot springs in the Simplon tunnel between 

Switzerland and Italy.

588 An explanation of ice caves. 

Sci. Am. vol. 92, p. 479. 

Describes results recently obtained from experiments by Schwalbe.

589 Scientific American Supplement. Composition of gases from mineral 

springs, helium, etc., and radio-activity. 

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 59, pp. 24294-24295.

Describes the results obtained from a study of the radio-active gases of 

several European springs.

590 [Removal of iron from subterranean water.]

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 60, p. 24875.

Describes the removal of iron from the subterranean water supply of 

Berlin, Germany. The water is taken from 25 wells on the shore of Lake 

Tegel.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 69

591 Shamel (Charles EL). The American law relating to minerals. 

School of Mines Quarterly, Columbia Univ., vol. 27, pp. 1 27. 

Discusses the law relating to underground waters. M^ny citations are 

given (pp. 17-19, 22).

592 Shepard (Edward M.). Spring system of the Deeaturville Dome, Camden 

County, Mo.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp-. 113-125, 

4 figs.

Describes a line of springs surrounding the Dome and the radiation of 

their channels from the center of the Dome. Describes many springs, 

sink holes, and artesian wells. Gives water analysis.

593 Missouri.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 209-219, 

3 figs.

Describes the underground-water resources of the Northwestern Plateau 

district. North-central Plain district, the Ozark-St. Francis Dome, and the 

Southeastern lowlands, describing ia detail numerous springs, wells, and 

water-bearing formations. Lists the important mineral springs and publications relating to underground waters of the State.

594 The New Madrid earthquake.

Jour. Geol., vol. 13, pp. 45-62.

This paper is a discussion of the New Madrid-earthquake and the relation of some of its phenomena to artesian conditions. Among the subjects considered are the extrusion of water or mud by the quake (pp. 46, 

47, 57, 58), artesian wells at Memphis Tenn., Jackson, Miss., and at 

points in Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkansas (p. 53), springs and discharged sands (pp. 54, 56), relation of earthquake to artesian conditions 

(pp. 59, 61, 62), and the effect of recent earthquakes on wells (p. 59) and 

springs (p. 60).

595 Sherman (Charles W.). Waterworks statistics for the year 1904, in form 

adopted by the New England Waterworks Association.

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 241-263.

Gives references to previous compilations of statistics (pp. 241-243). 

Many towns are listed which derive their supply from wells and springs.

596 Shnable (E. R.). A criticism of timber specifications and a suggested 

method of recording earth borings.

Eng. News, vol. 53, p. 20.

Presents two forms of recording borings and suggests the keeping of 

time consumed in passing through each strata.

597 Siebenthal (C. E.). Structural features of the Joplin district [Missouri].

Econ. Geol., vol. 1 pp. 119-128.

Discusses the formation of caverns by solution and the development of 

underground-drainage systems, and suggests the settling of the roofs 

of the caverns as the cause of some of the faulting (pp. 1J27-128).

598 Skinner (S. A.). Some observations on the use of alkaline waters for 

laundry purposes.

Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 27, pp. 165-167.

Describes the use of a strongly alkaline artesian water in a steam 

laundry and the difficulties encountered. An analysis of the water is 

given. A large amount of free ammonia is noted, and it is stated that 

" Wanklyn and Chapman, in their treatise on water analysis, are authority 

for the statement that such a condition is sometimes nlet with in deep 

waters that are organically pure,"
70 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

599 Slichter (Charles S.). Description of underflow meter used in measuring 

the velocity and direction of movement of underground water.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, II. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 17-31, 4 pis., 

8 figs.

Describes a. method of measurement by means of test wells and an 

electrical device by which the velocity of a certain salt In the water is 

measured.

GOO The California or " Stovepipe " method of well construction.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 32-36, 3 figs. 

Mentions a system of perforating the casings at horizons where wateris known to occur.

601 Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 37-42, 2 figs. 

Describes and gives tables for a method of calculation by measuring the 

height or lateral projection of a jet of water.

G02 Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 140, U. S. Geol. Survey, 122 pp.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water and describes laboratory experiments on the flow in sands and gravels. The use of the underflow meter is considered in detail and the results of measurements of underflows In California and New York given. Attention is paid to the specific 

capacity of wells as shown by tests, to the tests of typical pumping plants 

in Texas and New Mexico, and to the California or " stovepipe " method 

of well construction.

603 Observations on the ground waters of Rio Grande Valley.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 141, U. S. Geol. Survey, 83 pp. 

Describes the underflow conditions near El Paso, Tex., illustrates various 

methods of drilling, considers the methods, results, and cost of pumping 

and the resultant lowering of the water table, and gives a number of 

analyses of the ground waters.

604 The underflow of the Arkansas River.

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, p. 957.

Discusses variation in rate of underflow, and connection of the movement 

with the river.

605 Smith. (Erastus G.). The Mississippi River as the source of water supply 

for the inhabitants of the Mississippi Valley.

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 215-231.

Notes the calcareous nature of the glacial drift in the Mississippi Valley 

and the resulting hard river and surface well waters In this section (pp. 

217-218).

606 Smith (Eugene Alien). Alabama.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, II. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 164-170, 1 pi.

Describes the occurrence of underground water in the Cambrian and 

Carboniferous rocks, and artesian conditions in the various Cretaceous and 

Tertiary formations, Illustrating artesian areas by a map. Notes the occurrence of brine wells. Gives list of mineral springs and of publications 

on underground waters of the State.

607 and McCalley (Henry). Index to the mineral resources of Alabama. 

Alabama Geol. Survey, 1904, 79 pp., map and 6 pis.

Refers to relation of water level to character of gold ores (p. 54) ; mentions occurrence of salt water under artesian pressure in gas wells and 

"seeps," and use of the salt (pp. 71-72), and enumerates commercial mineral springs and artesian -wells, stating the class of water (pp. 72 73).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. ' 71

608 Smith (George Otis). Water resources of the Portsmouth-York region, 

New Hampshire and Maine.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, TT . S. Geol. Survey, pp. 120-128.

Describes the occurrence of water in the drift of the valleys and in the 

joints of schists, slates, quartzltes, etc. The wells are generally successful 

and some flow. The confinement is ascribed to the constriction of the 

joints and a partial cementation near the surface. Dikes are to be avoided 

in sinking wells.

009 Water supply from glacial gravels near Augusta, Me.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 156-160.

Gives the results of an investigation of certain ponds and springs which 

it was proposed to utilize for water supply. It was found that the ponds 

occupied a sort of gravel basin draining underground through the springs 

and no additional supply would be obtained by using both over that 

obtained from the springs alone.

610 Artesian development in Washington, Atanum-Moxee Valley. 

Irrigation, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 6-7, 1 fig. 

Discusses the artesian conditions existing in the Atanum-Moxee Valley.

611 Artesian water in crystalline rocks.

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 224 225.

Discusses the confinement of water due to cementation of the rock fissures near the surface, and consequent flowing and nonflowing artesian 

wells near York, Me.

612 Smith (Herbert E.). Report on investigation of river pollution and water 

supplies.

Twenty-seventh Ann. Rept. State Board of Health of Connecticut, 1904, 

pp. 217-231.

Summarizes work of analyzing well and spring water, and gives many 

sanitary analyses.

613 Smith (William G.) and Meeker (F. N.). Soil survey of Sumter County, 

Alabama.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, IT. S. Dept! Agr., pp. 317- 

342, 1 map, 1 fig.

Summarizes distribution of artesian wells in the county (p. 321).

814 Smith (William Sidney Tangier). Lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of 

western Kentucky: Part II, Ore deposits and mines. 

Prof. Paper IT. S. Geol. Survey no. 36, pp. 107-218, 8 pis., 31 figs. 

Advocates origin of the deposits through agency of ore-bearing solutions 

ascending along fault planes (pp. 150-154). Mentions sink holes and ore 

deposition along faults (pp. 172, 178) and unequal penetration of limestone by_ ore-bearing solutions (p. 178).

615 Water resources of the Joplin district, Missouri-Kansas.

"Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 74-83. 

In addition to the discussion of general underground-water conditions, 

the paper describes the numerous large springs, some of which occur on 

fault lines, and the deep borings for ore or water, one of which is 2,005 

feet deep. Analyses of spring and well waters are given. The waters are 

often contaminated by mine waters.

616 Smyth (C. H., jr.). Replacement of quartz by pyrite and corrosion of 

quartz pebbles.

Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 19, pp. 277-285, 1 fig., 1 plate.

Discusses the agency of hot alkaline mineralized solutions in the replacement by pyrite of the quartz pebbles of the Oneida conglomerate in central 

New York.
72 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

617 Smyth (H. L.). The origin and classification of placers 

Bng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 1045-1046.

Discusses the agency of underground waters in the decay of rocks and 

the alteration of ore deposits.

618 Snow (T. W.). Water softening for boiler use.

Jour. West. Soc. Bng., vol. 10, pp. 745-759, 9 figs.

Gives two analyses of well water at Bismarck, Mo. (pp. 748-749).

619 Spencer (Arthur Coe). The magmatic origin of vein-forming waters in 

southeastern Alaska.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Eng. no. 5, pp. 971-978.

Discusses magmatic waters in general ; includes many references to 

similar papers; ascribes the veins of southeastern Alaska to the agency of 

magmatic waters, and quotes Lindgren on a similar origin of the California gold-quartz veins.

620 The Treadwell ore deposits, Douglas Island. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 259, pp. 69-87.

Mentions the part taken by water in vein alteration (p. 84) .and considers the source of the waters (p. 86).

621 Spoon (W. L.). Building sand-clay roads in Southern States. 

Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr., 1903. 259-266, 2 pis., 3 figs. 

Discusses conditions of saturation and drainage of roads due to different 

proportions of clay and sand (pp. 260-261).

622 Spurr (Josiah Edward). Genetic relations of the western Nevada ores. 

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. no. 5, pp._ 939-969. 

Discusses the agency of mineralized underground waters in the formation of the ore deposits.

623 Enrichment in fissure veins.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 80, pp. 597-598.

Discusses the agency of ascending and descending solutions in the enrichment.

624 Tonopah mining district [Nevada].

.Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 10 figs., 1 map.

Discusses the agency of circulating mineralized underground waters in 

the formation of the veins and ore deposits; describes the channels followed by the mineralized solutions and the alteration and siliciflcation of 

the country rock ; notes the irregularity of surface oxidation due to the 

fact of there being no regular ground water.

625 The ores of Goldfield, Nev.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260. pp. 132-139.

Notes deposition of ores by hot spring action (pp. 134-139).

626 Developments at Tonopah, Nev., during 1904.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 140-149.

Describes the use of well and shaft for collecting water for town supply and considers the character of the water zone (p. 141). The part of 

water in vein formation and alteration is also noted ^p. 146).

627 Geology of the Tonopah mining district, Nevada.

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey no. 42, 295 pp., 24 pis., 78 figs.

Discusses alteration of andesite by thei-ncal waters (pp. 207-252) and 

formation of mineral veins along circulation channels (p. 83). Discusses 

the probable nature and composition of the mineralizing waters (pp. 85, 

104, 227, 235-237, 250, 253-260) and changes in composition owing to 

mineral deposition (pp. 235-237). Describes water zones (p. 107) and 

irregular distribution of water encountered in mines (p. 105) in connection with porosity and absorption (p. 107). Discusses the origin of hot 

and cold springs (pp. 254 2fiO), and describes solfataras and fumaroles 

(pp. 260-261). Describes investigations regarding increase of temperature 

with depth (pp. 263-266). Notes the formation of gypsum by oxidizing 

waters (p. 94).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 73

628 Spurr (Josiah Edward) and Garry (G. H.). Preliminary report on ore 

deposits in the Georgetown, Colorado, mining district.

Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey no. 260. pp. 99-120.

Refers briefly to the part of witer in ore deposition (pp. 113-115) and to 

the depth of oxidation.

029 Stanton (Timothy W.) and Hatcher (J. B.). Geology and paleontology 

of the Judith River beds.

Bull. IT. 8. Geol. Survey no. 257, pp. 1-66.

Quotes Grinnell and Dana oa action of water in producing landslips in 

Montana (p. 34).

030 Steiner (Charles R.). Impregnation of sand and gravel deposits with 

cement.

Bng. News, vol. 53, p. 447.

Suggests the above as a means of raising the water table in inclosed 

valleys.

631 Stevens (H. L.). Municipal improvements in Sorsogon, P. I. 

Bng. News, vol. 531, pp. 581.

Describes measures taken by the city to protect the spring furnishing its 

water siipply.

632 Stone (Ralph W,). Mineral resources of the Elders Ridge quadrangle, 

Pennsylvania.

Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey no. 256, 86 pp., 12 pis., 4 figs.

Gives 22 well records (Pis. X, XI, p. 57) ; states abiindance of springs 

and wells (p. 79), and mentions public supply taken from wells (p. 79).

633 Description of Waynesburg quadrangle [Pennsylvania]. 

Geologic Atlas TJ. S., folio 121, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 12 pp. 

Gives deep well records (pp. 5, 11), and discusses briefly the springs, 

wells, and water supplies of the quadrangle.

634 Description of Elders Ridge quadrangle [Pennsylvania].

Geologic Atlas IT. S., folio 123, IT. S. Geol. Survey, 10 pp.

Describes the occurrence of springs and of the underground waters of 

the Mahoning and Pittsburg sandstones, and considers the sources of public 

supplies.

635 Water resources of the Elders Ridge quadrangle, Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Ii-r. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 164-165.

Describes village supplies obtained by wells in sand and gravel; notes 

abundance of springs, and the water-bearing nature of the Mahoning and 

Pittsburg sandstones.

636 Water resources of the Waynesburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110. U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 166-167.

Describes town and village supplies obtained from shallow wells in rock 

and gravel, and one deep well used by a cold-storage company ; mentions 

the comparative abundance of springs, and notes the water-bearing nature 

of the.Upper Washington limestone and the Waynesburg sandstone.

637 Storms (W. H.). A noted pyrite deposit. [Deadwood, S. Dak.] 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, pp. 290-291.

The mine water is strongly acid and highly impregnated with copper 

salts.

638 Stose (George W..)- Water resources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 156-158. 

Describes many springs from limestone and sandstone beds furnishing 

water supplies for public and private use and health resorts.
74 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

639 Stose (George W.) and Martin (George C.)- Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and 

Pennsylvania.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 58-63. 

Considers briefly the underground-water conditions in the area and gives 

detailed description of Berkeley Springs, including their history, geologic 

conditions, development, uses, composition, and temperature (p. 730). The 

water is considered as coming from a depth of 1,000 to 1,300 feet. An 

analysis of the water is given.

640 Stout (O. V. P.). Pumping plants in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas. 

Bull. Office Kxp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 595-608. 

Describes many wells, methods, and cost of pumping, and use of water for 

irrigation.

641 Irrigation and alkali.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 311-317.

Discusses rise of water table due to irrigation, and consequent injury to 

soils in alkali regions.

642 Strahorn (A. T.), Jensen (Charles A.) and. Soil survey of the Bear 

River area, Utah.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

995-1023, 3 maps, 1 fig.

See Jensen (Charles A.) and Strahorn (A. T.).

643 Stretch. (R. H.). Formation of iron pyrite in gravels. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 238-239.

Ascribes the origin of the pyrite to deposition from circulating ironbearing waters.

644 Student. Ore deposits.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 335.

Discusses the agency of underground water in the formation of ore 

deposits.

645 Sweet (A. T.), Martin (J. O.) and. Soil survey of the Kearney area, 

Nebraska.

Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1904, U S. Dept. Agr., pp. 

859-874, 1 pi., 1 map, 1 fig.

See Martin (J. O.) and Sweet (A. T.).

646 Swendsen (G. L.), Hinderlider (M. C.), and Chandler (A. E.). Report 

of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: 

Part X, Colorado River and the Great Basin Drainage.

Water Sup. and Irr. Paper no. 133, U. S. Geol. Survey, 384 pp.

See Hinderlider (M. C.), Swendsen (G. L.), and Chandler (A. E.).

T.

647 Taff (Joseph A.). Description of the Tahlequah quadrangle [Indian Territory and Arkansas].

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 122, U. S. Geol. Survey, 7 pp.

Notes occurrence of water in underground channels, joints, faults, etc., 

of Boone and Morrow formations, and describes sulphur and saline springs 

and a red spring deposit (p. 7).

648 Taft (H. H.). Notes on southern Nevada and Inyo County, California.

Bimonthly Bull. Am. Inst. Min. Eng. no 6, pp. 1279-1298.

Describes springs in the Amargosa Desert (pp. 1284-1285) ; deposition 

of silica from springs and the silicification of the country rock in- the 

Bullfrog mining district (pp. 1287-1288) ; the agency of underground 

waters in the deposition of the ores and the siliciflcation of the country 

rock in the Goldfield district (pp. 1288-1289), and the agency of underground waters in the formation of hummocks in Death Valley (p. 1294).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 75

649 Taft (H. H.). Notes on southern Nevada and Inyo County, California. II.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, p. 429.

Describes some thermal mineral springs in the Amargosa Desert and 

dtecusses the agency of water in the formation of the ore deposits of the 

Bullfrog and Goldfleld mining districts.

650 Notes on southern Nevada and Inyo County, California. III. 

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 91, pp. 447-448.

Describes the agency of underground water in the so-called " self-rising 

ground " in Death Valley.

651 Tait (C. B.). Pumping plants in Texas.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 341-346, 1 fig. 

Describes various wells used for irrigation, and methods and cost of 

pumping.

652 Rice irrigation on the prairie land of Arkansas,

Bull. Office Exp. Sta.. U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 545-565, 5 figs. 

Describes experiments on use of wells in rice irrigation, giving methods 

of sinking and pumping wells, cost, etc.

653 Talbot (A. N.). Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow 

from vertical well casings.

Abstract of notes : Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 43 44, 2 figs.

Describes certain corrections which must be applied to figures in the field 

tables of J. E. Todd and Charles S. Slichter when refined measurements of 

flows from vertical well casings are desired.

654 Tamura (S. Tetsu). An account of recent meteorological and geo-physical 

researches in Japan.

Monthly Weather Keview, vol. 33, pp. 302-305.

Reviews papers by Dr. K. Honda (Proc. Tokyo Physico-Mathematical 

Society, vol. 2, no. 6, 1903, and no. 9, 1904, and Publications of the 

Earthquake Investigation Committee, no. 18, 1904), explaining daily periodic changes in the level of artesian wells in Japan, and concluding that 

the fluctuations are due largely to tides acting on a subterranean air reservoir (pp. 303-304).

655 Tarbell (Arthur). Story of the Simplon tunnel.

Technical World Magazine, vol. 3, pp. 206-211, 6 figs.

Describes the hot springs encountered in the construction of the tunnel 

between Switzerland and Italy.

656 Tarr (Ralph S.). Water resources of the Watkins Glen quadrangle, New 

York.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, IT. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 134-140.

Discusses the question of obtaining water supplies from wells sunk in 

the deep gravel-filled valleys. Describes the conditions revealed by wells 

sunk for the new supply at Ithaca, and gives sanitary analyses (pp. 136- 

140).

657 Taylor (Frank B.). Water resources of the Taconic quadrangle, New 

York, Massachusetts, and Vermont.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 130-133.

Describes a mineral spring, giving chemical, sanitary, and gas analyses, 

and considers its probable deep-seated origin in connection with a prominent fault. Mentions the relations of the Dalton artesian wells to a fault 

crack (pp. 132-133).

658 Taylor (Thomas U.). Irrigation in Texas. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 8. 

Describes the use of water from springs and artesian wells in irrigation.
76 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

659 Taylor (Thomas U.). Modern rice irrigation.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 330-336.

Describes briefly a shallow-well plant used for irrigating in Texas (pp. 

334-335).

660 and Hoyt (John G.). Report of progress of stream measurements 

for the calendar year 1904: Part IX, Western Gulf of Mexico and 

Rio Grande drainages.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 132, U. S. Geol. Survey, 132 pp.

Describes or gives discharge of Barton, Kickapoo, Lipan, Mormon, and 

two Santa Rosa springs, Texas (pp. 43-45, 122, 127).

661 Teele (R. P.). Water rights on interstate streams: The Platte River and 

tributaries. Results of investigation.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 157, pp. 9-95, 4 pis., 3 figs.

Discusses return seepage to the river in Colorado and Nebraska after the 

application of its water to land for irrigation, and gives results of experiments to determine amounts (p. 47 58, 72).

662 Review of the irrigation work of the year.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, 1905, pp. 19-75, 1 fig.

Discusses loss of canal water through seepage (pp. 23, 35 38) ; return 

seepage to streams from irrigated lands in Colorado, Wyoming, and 

Nebraska (pp. 38 50) ; costs, depths, and methods of pumping artesian 

wells used for irrigation in Texas (pp. 55 56), Arkansas (p. 57), Kansas 

(p. 57), and Colorado (pp. 58-59). Describes use of windmills for pumping wells (pp. 61-63). Describes experiment on use of well for irrigation 

in Arkansas (p. 72).

663 Tilton (John L.). A problem in municipal waterworks for a small city. 

Proc. Iowa Acad. ScL, 1904, vol. 12, pp. 143-150.

A general discussion of the underground-water conditions in the vicinity 

of Indianola, Iowa, including quantity available, quality, etc.

664 Tower (Walter S.). The geography of American cities.

Bull. Am. Geol. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 577-588.

Mentions several mineral springs about which resorts have grown up. 

Hot Springs, Arkansas ; Hot Springs, Virginia ; Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, and Poland Springs, Maine, are noted.

665 Trask (F. E.). The irrigation system of Ontario, Cal. Its development 

and cost.

Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 31, pp. 264-270, pis. 29-32.

Describes the tunnels, artesian wells, and saturated gravel beds which 

furnish the greater portion of the water supply.

666 Proposed utilization of upland flood waters to increase available 

underground waters. 

Eng. News, vol. 53, p. 42.

Suggests that the flood discharges of the canyons of southern California 

be diverted from place to place over porous sands and gravels.

TT.

667 TTdden (Jon Andreas). Geology of Clinton County.

Ann. Rept. Iowa Geol. Survey, 1904, vol. 15, pp. 371-431, 2 pis., 1 fig. 

Gives numerous well records (pp. 382 415) ; mentions use of well water 

for Clinton, Iowa (pp. 381-385, 429), and enumerates the Niagara limestone and St. Peters sandstone as water-bearing horizons ,(p. 429).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 77

668 TTlrich (Edward Oscar). Lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western 

Kentucky: Part I Geology and general relations.

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey no. 36, pp. 1-105, 7 pis.

Mentions solution of limestone by underground water (p. 19), and passage of descending water and formation of sink holes along joint planes 

(p. 74).

669 IT. S. Bureau of the Census. Census of the Philippine Islands, taken 

under the direction of the Philippine Commission in the year 1903, 

4 vols., v. 1., geography, history, and population. 

619 pp., 74 pis., 7 maps, 13 figs.

Describes geologic relations, composition, and uses of mineral springs, 

and their distribution in lines parallel with axes of folding (pp. 192 194). 

Describes numerous hot springs (pp. 216-244) and solfataras (pp. 202- 

246).

V.

670 Veatch (Arthur C.). General plan and details of work [of collecting well 

samples].

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 264, pp. 28-39.

Describes the blanks and forms used in collecting well samples and the 

method of shipping them by mail in franked bags.

671 Louisiana and southern Arkansas.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, D. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 179-187, 3 figs.

Describes water-bearing strata in the various Tertiary, Cretaceous, and 

Quaternary formations. Mentions several mineral springs in Louisiana, 

and lists the principal publications on underground waters of the area.

C72 The underground waters of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas. 

Bull. Louisiana Geol. Survey no. 1, pp. 82 91.

Describes the principal water-bearing horizons and geologic occurrence 

of artesian water in this region.

673 The question of origin of the natural mounds of Louisiana, Arkansas, 

and Texas.

Abstract: Science, new ser., vol. 21, pp. 310-311. 

Discusses the spring and gas vent theory of origin.

674 Vermeule (C. C.). East Orange wells at White Oak Ridge, Millburn township, Essex County. 

Ann. Kept. New Jersey Geol. Survey, 1904, pp. 255-263, 2 figs.

Gives distribution, yield, analysis, records, and geological section of city 

wells.

675 Vernon (J. J.). Irrigation investigations at New Mexico Experiment Station, Mesilla Park, 1904.

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 303-317.

Discusses cost of irrigation with well water (pp. 311 316), and describes 

experiments to compare cost of irrigation by well and by river waters (pp. 

308-311). Gives table of temperatures of well waters (pp. 316-317).

C76 Development of the underflow. 

Irrigation Age, vol. 20, p. 86.

Describes the results obtained by a 48-foot well put down at the Mesilla 

Park Agricultural Experiment Station, New Mexico.

677 Pumping for irrigation in New Mexico.

The official proceedings of the Twelfth National Irrigation Congress, at 

El Paso, Tex., November 15-18, 1904, pp. 351-355.

Mentions irrigation from pumping shallow wells in British India and 

deep wells in California, and states possibilities elsewhere (p. 351).
78 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

678 Voorhees (Edward B.). Irrigation iu market-garden districts in the vicinity of eastern cities.

Bull. Office Bxp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 148, 17 pp., 3 pis.

Describes irrigation by pumping springs on Long Island, New York (p. 

10), at Belmont, Mass. (p. 13), from wells at Arlington, Mass. (p. 12), 

driven wells at Watertown, Mass. (p. 13), and from driven wells at Vineyard, N. J. (pp. 14, 16).

W.

S79 Walcott (Charles Doolittle). Twenty-fifth annual report of the Director 

of the United States Geological Survey [1903-1904].

Twenty-fifth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 388 pp.

Gives the mineral-water production for 1903 as 51,186,746 gallons, 

valued at $8.073.096. Describes the organization and work of the eastern 

and western sections of the division of hydrology, and notes work of the 

division of hydro-economics on the composition of underground waters. A 

number of underground-water investigations are also mentioned in connection with the account of the work of the Reclamation Service. The 

general work of the division of hydrology included investigations of the 

underground waters in nearly every State in the Union, those in the 

eastern portion being under the direction of M. L. Fuller, and those in the 

western under N. H. Darton. About 75 geologists were engaged in underground-water investigations during the year, the work of each being outlined in the report. In addition to the general studies the following special 

investigations are mentioned: Hot springs in the Yellowstone National 

Park, by W. H. Weed ; algous growth in hot springs, by W. A. Setchell; 

physics of geysers, by William Hallock ; relations of underground waters to 

the law, by D. W. Johnson, and experimental investigation and measurement of underflow, by C. S. Slichter. Lists of underground-water publications are also included. _

!J80 Twenty-sixth annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey [1904-1905].

Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 322 pp.

Gives the . mineral-water production for 1904 as 67,718,500 gallons, 

valued at $10,398,450 (p. 95). Gives the allotments for hydrologic investigations I p. 23), notes cooperative arrangements with several States 

(pp. 179-180), joint wor.ks with geologic branch (p. 181), and investigations for Reclamation Service (p. 202) ; describes in detail the work of 

eastern and western sections of the division of hydrology (pp. 178 210), 

giving lists of underground-water publications. The general work of the 

division of hydrology included investigations in nearly every State in the 

Union, those in the eastern portion being in charge of M. L. Fuller and 

those in the western in charge of N. H. Darton. About 75 geologists were 

engaged in field or office work during the year, the work of each being 

described in the report. In addition to the general studies, the following 

special work is described : Studies of thermal springs of Georgia and Yellowstone National Park, by H. H. Weed; experiments on and measurement of underground currents, by C. S. Slichter; fluctuations of wells, 

by A. C. Veatch; relation of underground waters to the law, by D. W. 

Johnson; bibliography of underground waters, collection of well records 

and samples, and work of division of hydro-economics on the composition 

of underground waters. In connection with the work of the Reclamation 

Service, underflow investigations in Kansas (p. 266). ground waters in 

Carson Valley, Nevada (p. 270), and salt spring in Oklahoma (p. 286), 

are described.

681 Waller (O. L.). Equities of the senior irrigator. 

Irrigation Age, vol. 20, pp. 331-334.

Describes the excessive losses from irrigation ditches by. seepage through 

coarse gravel subsoils in the Yakima Valley, Washington.

682 Waring (G. A.). The pegmatite veins of Pala, San Diego County [Calif.]. 

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 356-376.

Mentions mineral springs and gives composition (p. 365), and notes the 

alteration of pegmatite by ground waters (p. 369).
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 79

683 Water and Forest. Vested rights in water protected.

Water and Forest, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 6.

Discussion of the case of Newport et al. r. The Temescal Water Company, tried in a superior court of California. The plaintiff's contention 

was that the company had no right to use the underground water of the 

Perris Valley, because it worked to their (the plaintiff's) detriment. The 

evidence is reviewed. Judgment was given for tlie defendant company.

684 Watson (Thomas L.). A preliminary report on the bauxite deposits of 

Georgia.

Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey no. 11, 169 pp., 12 pis., 3 figs., and map. 

Discusses agency of heated waters in formation of bauxite (pp. 15, 

 20 22, 123-125), theory of Hayes in regard to origin due to action of 

waters (pp. 20 22, 123 125, 129). Mentions percentage of water in composition of various minerals (pp. 37-54, 84 85), and gives probable chemical reactions (pp. 123-125, 129). Mentions water in quarries and veins 

(pp. 62, 66, 83, 108).

685 Weed (Walter Harvey). Absorption in ore deposition. 

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, p. 364.

Discusses the power possessed by clays, etc., of extracting metals from 

mineral-bearing solutions seeping in from fissures.

686 Notes on the gold veins near Great Falls, Maryland. 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp. 128-131. 

Notes relations of water level to the mines.

687 Economic value of hot-spring deposits.

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 260, pp; 598-604.

Notes the use of springs in general for bathing, heating, as source of 

carbon dioxide, borax, and other chemicals, and for medicinal purposes. 

The use of artesian wells for heating in Idaho and Montana is also mentioned. Among the spring deposits noted are tufa geyserite, cinnabar (in 

Nevada and California), copper (Java), tin (Malay Peninsula), stibnite, etc. 

(Steamboat Springs, Nevada), manganese oxide, limonite, realgar, orpiment, etc. (Yellowstone National Park), and limonite and travertine 

(Montana) (pp. 600-601». Describes Anaconda Hot Springs, Montana 

(p. 600), the gypsum veins and waters at Hunters Hot Springs, Montana 

(p. 601), and the use of the water in baths. The issure origin of the 

springs is shown, their yield stated, and analyses given (pp. 602-604).

688 Notes on certain hot springs of the southern United States.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 145, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 185 206.

Discusses the occurrence and geologic relations of hot springs in the 

United States and describes in detail the Warm Springs from the quartzites 

at Pine Mountain, Georgia, and the Hot Springs of Arkansas. The dis 

cussion of the latter is unusually complete and includes a consideration of 

the geology, topography, history, composition, tufa deposits, discharge, 

source of heat, permanency, etc., of the springs. Analyses of the Georgia 

and Arkansas waters and of the tufa deposits of the latter locality are 

given.

089 Weeks (Fred Boughton), New York.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 114, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 82-92, 1 pi. 

Describes underground waters in pre-Cambrian rocks, in Cambrian limestones and slates, in Ordovician limestones and slates, in Silurian sandstones and shales, in Devonian limestones, shales, and sandstones, in Triassic sandstone, and in Cretaceous beds and drift. Tabulates the production, character, and use of the mineral springs of the State. Gives 

bibliography.

690 Weidman (S.). Iron ores of Wisconsin.

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79. pp. 610-612, 2 figs.

This article is an abstract from a paper which appeared in the Wisconsin 

Engineer, vol. 9, by Dr. S. Weidman. Discusses the occurrence of ground 

water in the crystalline and sedimentary rocks of the Baraboo district.
80 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

691 West (H. E'.). Mining in Nicaragua.

Min. Magazine, vol. 11, pp. 509-514, 2 figs.

Notes the occurrence of hot water in the mines at Santa Francisca and 

San Luis, and suggests that the deposits are of solfataric origin.

692 Whipple (George C.). The water supplies of the New York Metropolitan 

District with special reference to their purification.

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 451 473, 12 figs.

Considerable space is devoted to the description of the undergroundwater resources of this region and the methods of development. The quality of the ground water, its relation to certain filter plants, etc., is also 

given.

693 [Purification of well water.]

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 549 551. 

Describes the use of copper sulphate in the purification of well water in 

New Hampshire.

694 and Levy (E. C.). The Kennebec Valley typhoid-fever epidemic of 

1902-1903. [Maine.]

Jour. New England Waterworks Assoc., vol. 19, pp. 163-214, 7 figs.

Notes the use of a spring-water supply known as the Devine water in 

Augusta (p. 168), and the Hallowell spring water at Togus (p. 185) ; discusses the relations of springs and wells to the epidemic (pp. 173-175, 

176, 181, 195. 201i.

695 Whistler (J. T.), Ross (D. W.), and Noble (T. A.). Report of progress 

of stream measurements for the calendar year 1904: Part XII, 

Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 135, U. S. Geol. Survey, 300 pp.

See Ross (D. W.), Whistler (J. T.), and Noble (T. A.).

696 Whitby (J. E.). Shall we all die of thirst?

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 60, no. 1542, p. 24707.

Makes a statement that water springs and water beds are slowly drying up.

697 Whitney (Francis L.). The new artesian water supply at Ithaca, N. T.

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 110, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 55-64, 1 pi., 

1 fig.

Describes deep wells sunk in gravels, sands, and clays in the valley of 

Cayuga Inlet above Ithaca, and discusses the source and geologic occurrence of the supply. Gives well records and analyses.

698 Whitney (Milton). Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Soils.

Ann. Kept, for the year ending June 30, 1904, IT. S. Dept. Agr,, pp. 

241-269.

Mentions irrigation by pumping artesian wells in California (p. 245), 

injurious effect of subirrigation in Colorado (p. 246), and irrigation by 

artesian wells and springs in Texas (p. 255). Summarizes injury of 

alkali lands through rise of seepage water due to irrigation, and work of 

reclamation of alkali lands by underdrainage in Utah, California, Washington, Arizona, and Montana (pp. 257-261).

699 Wickson (E. J.). Irrigation in fruit growing. 

Irrigation Aid, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 12-13.

Devotes one column to a discussion of the development of the underflow 

of streams for use in irrigation.

700 Wiel (Samuel C.). Water rights in California.

Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 90, pp. 6-8, 25-26. I

Contains many references to cases dealing with legal questions regarding 

underground waters.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. " 81

701 Wilder (F. A.). The lignite of North Dakota and its relation to irrigation. 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 117, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 59 pp. 

Mentions several springs giving rise to creeks (p. 31).

702 Wile (William H., jr.). The Escalante Desert [Utah]. 

Irrigation Age. vol. 21, pp. 17-20. » Notes the existence of vast quantities of alkali water underlying this 

desert.

703 Wiley (A. J.). Masonry dani for the Granite Springs reservoir, Cheyenne, 

Wyo.

Eng. Rec.. vol. 51, pp. 698-701, 7 figs.

Contains a description of a submerged dam 6 miles above the city intersecting the underflow of Crow Creek, and of a system of infiltration galleries beneath the bed of the creek above the dam. Notes seepage through 

the new masonry dam erected for the storage of flood flows.

704 Wiley (H. W.). Experiments in the culture of sugar cane and its manufacture into table sirup.

Bull. Bureau of Chem., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 93, 78 pp., 5 pis., 6 figs. 

States production and quality of water from well at Waycross, Ga. 

(p. 46).

705 Willard (Daniel E.), Hall (Charles M.) and. Description of Casselton 

and Fargo quadrangles [North Dakota and Minnesota]. 

Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 117, U. S. Geol, Survey, 7 pp. 

See Hall (Charles M.) and Willard (Daniel E.).

706 Williams (Ira A.). Geology of Jasper County.

Ann. Rept. Iowa Geol. Survey, 1904, vol. 15, pp. 279-367, 12 figs., 2 maps. 

Estimates proportion of rainfall absorbed by rock and soil (p. 295) ; gives 

well records (pp. 306-363) ; discusses distribution of springs and flowing 

wells (pp. 360 363) ; gives chemical and sanitary analyses of water from 

gravel (p. 362) and from St. Louis and Maquoketa beds (p. 361) ; de- 

' scribes various mineral waters, some carbonated; gives analysis of calcicsaline-chalybeate water (pp. 363-365) ; and summarizes therapeutic value 

of mineral waters in general (pp. 365-366).

707 Willis (Bailey). Geological researches in eastern Asia.

Yearbook Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 3, 1904, pp. 275 291. 

Mentions an artesian-water investigation made by him at Peking, and 

suggests possibility of supplying the city from this source (p. 290).

708 Wilson (James). Report of the Secretary of Agriculture 1905, 132 pp.

Summarizes work of reclaiming alkali lands by underdrainage in Utah, 

Montana, Washington, and California (pp. 79-80),

709 Report of the Secretary.

Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr., 1904, pp. 9-118.

Mentions storage of water by forests (p. Ivi). Describes work of reclaiming alkali lands by underdrainage, and injurious effect of irrigation 

through raising the ground-water level and water-logging wide areas 

(pp. Ixxii-lxxiv). Describes irrigation by pumping and-mentions kinds of 

pumps (p. cvii).

710 Winchell (N. H.). Deep wells as a source of water supply for Minneapolis.

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 266-291.

Discusses artesian conditions in the drift and rock basins and gives 

maps of basins and wells. The St. Peter sandstone, Shakopee fissured 

limestone, and New Richmond, Jordan, and Hinckley sandstones constitute 

the water horizons, all but the last two yielding good water. The rate 

and cost of drilling, capacity of wells, composition of water, and supplies 

of St. Paul and Winnipeg are also considered. States that term " artesian " is used locally for any deep well, but recommends restricting it to 

flows.

IRE 163 06 6
82 UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE IN

711 Winchell (N. H.). The Willamette meteorite.

Am. Geologist, vol. 36, pp. 250-257.

In a footnote the author mentions the occurrence of corroded limestone, 

which he ascribes to the action of sublacustrine springs, in Thunder Bay, 

Lake Huron, Michigan (p. 255).

712 Winslow (C. E. A.). A winter visit to some sewage-disposal plants in

Ohio, Wisconsin, and Illinois.

Jour. Assoc. Eng. Soc., vol. 34, pp. 335-361, 10 figs.

In the discussion accompanying this article, Mr. X. H. Goodnough -notes 

the increased leakage of ground water into sewers in the early spring 

(pp. 352-353).

713 Witt (Otto N.). The origin of coal and of carbonated spring waters. 

Sci. Am. Supp., vol. 6O, p. 24791.

Discusses the theory that water and carbon dioxide of certain springs 

is due to the internal combustion of buried organic matter.

714 Wittmann (Ernest). The geological and topographical features of the 

city of Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, and its vicinity.

Am. Geologist, vol. 35, pp. 171-179.

Notes the occurrence and movement of Water in gravels, the motion 

being sometimes visible in shallow wells (p. 174). Mentions a 2,100-foot 

well which failed to get water. Describes rise of hot sulphur water along 

fissure from an estimated depth of 3,000 feet, the rise being ascribed to 

"pressure exercised by the expansion of the heated water itself" (p. 176).

715 Wood (B. D.), Hoyt (John C.) and. Index to the hydrographic progress

reports of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-1903. 

Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper no. 119, U. S. Geol. Survey, 253 pp. 

See Hoyt (John C.) and Wood (B. D.).

716 Woodbridge (Dwight E.). The Mesabi iron-ore range. (X.) [Minnesota.]

Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 79, pp. 698-700, 2 figs.

This part (the tenth) contains a discussion of the agency of underground waters in the formation of the deposits.

717 Woodman (Alpheus G.), Richards (Ellen H.) and. Air, water, and food 

from a sanitary standpoint.

New York and London, 1904, 262 pp., 13 figs., 1 map. 

See Richards (Ellen H.) and Woodman (Alpheus G.}.

718 Woodward (S. M.). Cost of pumping for irrigation.

Bull. Univ. of Ariz. Agric. Exp. Sta. no. 49, pp. 457-469. 

Describes pumping plants at several dug and drilled wells, and gives 

results of investigations regarding cost.

719 Wright (A. E.) and Collins (A. B.). Irrigation near Garden, Kans., 1904. 

Bull. Office Exp. Sta., U. S. Dept. Agr., no. 158, pp. 585-594. 

Describes methods of obtaining irrigating waters by means of wells into 

the " underflow," and describes methods of pumping by windmills.

720 Wright (Fred Eugene). Report of progress in the Porcupines. 

Ann. Kept. Michigan Geol. Survey, 1903, pp. 33-44.

Describes occurrence of springs in connection with faulting (pp. 39, 40) ; 

mentions disappearance of streams below ground (p. 41), and their origin 

in mountain springs (p. 43).

Y.

721 Yale (Charles G.). Borax.

Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 1017-1028.

Notes the location of an artesian well near Boras Lake, Lake County, 

Cal. The artesian water so diluted the waters of the lake that the manufacture of borax from the lake water became unprofitable (p. 1Q17),
INDEX.

[The numbers refer to entries in the bibliographic review.]

A.

Absorption of rainfall, 243, 706. 

Absorption of water by 

Caves, Wyoming, 108. 

Gravel and sand :

California, 60, 331, 666.

Idaho, 313.

Massachusetts, 80.

Nevada, 25, 186.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Persia, 301.

Turkestan, 541. 

Limestone :

Cuba, 196.

Georgia, 441. 

Rocks in general:

Arizona, 405. 

t Iowa, 706.

Louisiana; 256.

Michigan, 211.

General, 110, 286. 

Soils :

Iowa, 706.

General, 243. 

\bsorption of water of 

Borings, by gravel, Massachusetts, 80. 

Ponds, Michigan, 285. 

Streams:

Arkansas, 544.

California, 60, 455.

Idaho, 313.

Michigan, 720.

Nevada, 25, 180.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Persia, 301.

Turkestan, 541.

Wyoming, 108. 

/ labama.

Artesian system, 606.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 206. 

Brines, 606. 

Circulation of underground waters,

606.

Mineral springs, list of, 606. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground 

waters in formation of, 40, 49.

Alabama Continued.

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 606. 

Solution features, 606. 

Springs, descriptions, 49, 250, 606. 

Underground waters, occurrence of : 

Formations:

Eutaw, 606. 

Grand Gulf, 606. 

Hatchetigbee, 606. 

Knox, 606. 

Lignitic, 606. 

Ripley, 606. 

Tuscaloosa, 606. 

Systems :

Cambrian, 606. 

Carboniferous, 606. 

Cretaceous, 606. 

Tertiary, 606. 

Water table, relation to character of

ore deposits, 607. 

Wells :

Descriptions:

Artesian wells, 606, 613. 

Wells in general, 89, 407, 606. 

Distribution, 613. 

Records, 49, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Alaska.

Blows of water and gas, 424, 425. 

Faults, relation of, to underground

waters, 424. 

Mine waters, 44. 

Seepage, 424, 425. 

Springs containing gas and oil, 424. 

Underground waters in oil wells, 424,

425.

Underground waters, part of, in forma 

tion and alteration of veins, 619, 

620.

Well records, 424, 425. 

Algae, occurrence of, in hot springs, 679. 

Algeria.

Wells :

Composition, 346. 

Construction, 346. 

Descriptions, 346, 494, 528.

83
84 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Algeria Continued.

Wells Continued.

History of artesian boring, 346. 

Use for irrigation, 494, 528. 

Algonkian system. See Underground waters, occurrence of, pre-Cambrian. 

Alkali.

Effect of seepage on, 283, 698. 

Relation to rise of water table, 709. 

Alkali lands, underdrainage of, 709. 

Alkali waters, occurrence of, Utah, 702. 

Alluvium. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Alteration. See Underground waters, work

of.

Analyses, value of, 435, 558a. 

Analyses of water of 

Collecting tunnels, California, 408. 

Gravel, Iowa, 706. 

Maquoketa formation, Iowa, 706. 

Mine waters: 

Mexico, 68. 

Nevada, 552, 554, 555. 

Pennsylvania, 341. 

Mineral waters: 

Cuba, 196. 

Iowa, 706.

St. Louis formation, Iowa, 706. 

Springs :

Arizona, 403. 

Arkansas, 688. 

Colorado, 264. 

Connecticut, 612. 

Cuba, 196. 

Georgia, 440, 688. 

Indiana, 27. 

Kansas, 615. 

Maine, 18. 

Massachusetts, 657. 

Missouri, 409, 413, 520, 592, 615. 

Montana, 687. 

Nevada, 399. 

New Jersey, 371. 

New York, 281. 

Oklahoma, 184, 228a. 

Pennsylvania, 58. 

Vermont, 532. 

Washington, 379. 

West Virginia, 639. 

Wyoming, 87. 

General, 72.

Triassic system, Connecticut, 195. 

Wells :

Arizona, 385, 387. 

Colorado, 87. 

Connecticut, 195, 612. 

Cuba, 196. 

Georgia, 440. 

Indian Territory, 244. 

Indiana, 27. 

Iowa, 365, 518. 

Kansas, 87, 615. 

Louisiana, 256. 

Massachusetts, 195, 545. 

Michigan, 70, 146, 211. 

Mississippi, 411,

Analyses of water of Continued. 

Wells Continued.

Misouri, 520, 577, 615, 618. 

New Jersey, 674. 

New Mexico, 354. 

New York, 656, 697. 

North Dakota, 370. 

Oklahoma, 184, 228a, 244. 

South Dakota, 86. 

Washington, 379. 

Wyoming, 86.

Underground waters in general: 

California, 455. 

New York, 546. 

Sahara, 345. 

Texas, 603. 

Analysis of underground water, method of,

390, 558a. 

Aqueo-igneous fusion, work of underground

waters in, 56. 

Arapahoe formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Arbuckle limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Argentine Republic, use of underground

water, irrigation, 76. 

Arikaree formation. See Underground

waters, ocurrence of. 

Arizona.

Absorption of water by rocks, 405. 

Bibliography of publications relating

.to underground waters, 204. 

Magmatic waters, work of, 405. 

Mine waters, 405. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground 

water in formation of, 78, 401, 405. 

Principal publications : 

Clifton folio, 403. 

Copper deposits of Clifton-Morenci

district, 405. 

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of Salt River

valley, 387.

Seepage investigations, 273, 385. 

Seepage waters, occurrence of, 283. 

Solution features, 90. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, descriptions, 403. 

Thermal springs : 

Deposits, 330. 

Descriptions, 403. 

Other springs:

Analyses, 403. 

Descriptions, 405. 

Distribution, 403.

Underdrainage of alkali lands, 698. 

Underflow, measurement of, 387. 

Underground streams and channels,

288, 387.

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 78, 405. 

Composition, 387, 405. 

Deposits, 387.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 85

Arizona Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Depth, 403, 405. 

Movement, 405. 

Occurrence, 288, 387. 

Temperature, 405. 

Work of:

Alteration of ore deposits,

403.

Chalcocitization, 405. 

Leaching, 188. 

Metamorphism, 405. 

Metasomatosis, 405. 

Uses of underground waters :

Mine waters, water power, 330. 

Wells:

Irrigation, 387. 

Power, 288. 

Viens, part of underground water in

formation of, 403. 

Volcanic water, 403. 

Water table: 

Depth, 385. 

Description, 387. 

Fluctuation, 387. 

Map, 387. 

Wells :

Analyses, 385, 387. 

Cost of pumping, 387. - Depth, 385. 

Descriptions, 288, 387. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 387, 407. 

Arkansas.

Absorption of water of streams, 544. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 542. 

Brines, 672. 

Mine waters, 75. 

Mineral springs, list of, 542. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 684. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Radio-active properties of waters 

of springs on Hot Springs- Reservation, 29. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 542, 671. 

Underground waters of northern 

Louisiana and southern Arkansas, 672.

Water resources of the contact 

region between the Paleozoic 

and Mississippi embayment deposits in northern Arkansas, 

544.

Water resources of the Joplin

district, Missouri-Arkansas, 615.

Water resources of the Winslow

quadrangle, 543.

Water supplies of the Ozark 

region, 2,

Arkansas Continued.

Solution features, 2, 542. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, 542, 647. 

Thermal springs:

Composition, 688. 

Effect on health, 490. 

Geologic relations, 688. 

Origin, 684. 

Other springs:

Analyses, 688. 

Composition, 490, 543. 

Deposits, 29, 647, 688. 

Descriptions, 542, 543. 

Discharge, 29, 210, 688. 

Geologic relations, 2. 

Origin, 684.

Radio-active properties, 29. 

Temperatures, 29, 688. 

Uses, 2.

Underflow, description, 604. 

Underground channels, 645. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 2, 542. 

Composition, 542, 544. 

Movement, 604. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 544, 645. 

Formations:

Batesville, 542j 544. 

Bingen, 542, 671, 672. 

Boone, 542, 543, 544, 647. 

Catahoula, 542, 671, 672. 

Cockfield, 672. 

Grand Gulf, 672. 

Hall, 543. 

Morrow. 544, 647. 

Nacatoch, 542, 671, 672. 

Pentremital, 542. 

Pitkin, 543, 544. 

Sabine, 542, 671, 672. 

Winslow, 543. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 671. 

Ordovician, 542, 544. 

Tertiary, 542, 544, 671,

672. 

Work of:

Metasomatosis, 684. 

Solution, £12.

Uses of underground waters: 

Springs, for resorts, 664. 

Wells :

Boilers, 542. 

Ice plants, 542. 

Public supplies, 542. 

Wells:

Capacity, 544. 

Construction, 542, 652. 

Cost, 652. 

Descriptions, 89, 407.

Artesian wells, 594, 672. 

Other wells, 542, 543. 

Pumping, 652. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407.
86 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Arsenic, occurrence in spring water, Mexico, 500. 

Artesian areas.

California, 451, 455, 457. 

Florida, 201. 

Michigan, 70. 

Minnesota, 248. 

New Mexico, 304. 

New South Wales, 535. 

New York, 697. 

Oregon, 569.

Artesian boring in the Sahara, history, 346. 

Artesian conditions. 

California, 26. 

Colorado, 87, 376. 

Kansas, 87. 

Michigan, 206. 

Minnesota, 710.

Missouri and adjacent States, 594. 

Nebraska, 87. 

Nevada, 25. 

New Mexico, 304. 

New York, 206. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Oregon, 569. 

Pennsylvania, 58. 

South Dakota, 86, 87. 

Turkestan, 300. 

Washington, 51, 610. 

West Virginia, 8. 

Wyoming, 86, 87. 

General, 431. 

Artesian pressures, measurement of, 190,

208.

Artesian prospects. See also Well prospects.

China, 707. 

Maryland, 426. 

New Mexico, 354. 

West Virginia, 427. 

Artesian requisites. 

Louisiana, 256. 

Washington, 51. 

Wisconsin, 170.

Artesian systems, Alabama, 606. 

Artesian water. See also Underground 

waters.

Deflnition, 383. 

Essential conditions for, 195. 

Folios relating t», 262. 

General description, 411. 

Maps :

California, 452, 453, 454.

Minnesota, 247, 248, 710.

Montana, 94.

North Dakota, 247.

South Dakota, 86, 94.

Wyoming, 86, 94. 

Occurrence of, in crystaline rocks :

Connecticut, 586.

Maine, 611. 

Occurrence of, descriptions :

California, 547.

China, 299.

Indiana, 20.

Kentucky, 7.

Louisiana, 256.

Artesian water Continued.

Occurrence of, descriptions Cont'd. 

Maine, 18.

Massachusetts, 79, 80. 

New Mexico, 309. 

New York, 224. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Texas, 559. 

Utah, 34. 

Occurrence of, in unconflned strata,

189.

Artesian wells, definition, 431. 

Artesian wells. See Wells, artesian. 

Assay of water, method of, 390. 

Australia. See also by States. 

Brines, descriptions, 564. 

Mine waters, 406, 564. 

Underground waters, occurrence in

buried gravels, 406. 

Uses of underground waters : 

Mine waters, 466. 

Wells, 466.

Water table, effect of pumping on, 406. 

Austria-Hungary, underground water, occurrence of, in tunnel, 531.

B.

Baluchistan, absence of water in, 301. 

Basalt. See Underground water, occurrence

of. 

Batesville sandstone. See Underground

water, occurrence of.

Bathing. See Uses of underground water. 

Belgium, solution features, 180. 

Berea grit. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Bermuda Islands.

Solution features : 

Caves. 22, 242. 

Sink holes, 22, 422. 

Solution features in general, 22,

422.

Underground channels, 22, 

Bibliographies containing references to 

underground waters. 

Deep borings, 89.

Publications of U. S. Geological Survey, 204, 262, 679, 680. 

States:

Alabama, 204, 606. 

Arkansas, 204, 542. 

Connecticut, 204, 230. 

Delaware, 88, 204. 

District of Columbia, 92, 204. 

Florida, 201, 204. 

Georgia, 204, 441. 

Illinois, 204, 394. 

Indiana, 204, 395. 

Iowa, 204, 511. 

Kentucky, 204, 227. 

Louisiana, 204, 671. 

Maryland, 91, 204. * 

Massachusetts. 79, 2C4. 

Michigan, 202, 204. ' 

Minnesota, 204, 248. 

Mississippi, 204, 337.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 87

Bibliographies containing references to underground waters Continued. 

States Continued.

Missouri, 204, 593. 

New Jersey, 204, 363. 

New South Wales, 535. 

New York, 204, 689. 

North Carolina, 200, 204. 

Ohio, 204, 336. 

Pennsylvania, 199, 204. 

Rhode Island, 79, 204. 

South Carolina, 204, 226. 

Tennessee, 204, 227. 

Vermont, 204, 532. 

Virginia, 93, 204. 

West Virginia, 203, 204. 

Wisconsin, 204, 581. 

Work of TJ. S. Geological Survey on

underground waters, 205. 

Biloxi sand. See Underground water,

occurrence of.

Bingen formation. See Underground water, occurrence of. 

Blowing wells. 

Causes, 162. 

Descriptions :

Louisiana, 585. 

Nebraska, 585. 

Utah, 34. 

General, 486. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey on,

162.

Blows of water and gas, Alaska, 424, 425. 

Boone formation. See Underground water,

occurrence of.

Boring, methods of. See Wells and borings, construction.

Boring, deep, for determination of temperature, 241.

Borings. See Records ; also Wells and borings. 

Brazil.

Bureau of underground waters, 584. 

Records, borings, 41. 

Underground waters, work of, in formation of stone reefs, 41. 

Breathing wells. See Blowing wells. 

Brecciated rocks, occurrence of underground

water in, 392. 

Brentwood limestone. See Underground

water, occurrence of. 

Brine springs.

Analyses, 72. 

Descriptions : 

Kansas, 87. 

Oklahoma, 326. 

Wyoming, 87.

Enumeration of,.in United States, 72. 

Brines and salt waters.

Contamination by, Indiana, 37. 

Occurrence of: 

Alabama, 606. 

Arizona, 90. 

Arkansas, 672. 

Australia, 564. 

China, 514. 

Germany, 514.

Brines and salt waters Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Illinois, 394. 

Indiana, 395. 

Iowa," 511.

Louisiana, 256, 514, 558, 672. 

Michigan, 202, 381, 382. 

Mississippi, 337. 

Morocco, 179. 

New York, 174, 697. 

Ohio, 396. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Persia, 301. 

Russia, 514. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Tennessee, 227. 

Texas, 176, 514. 

Utah, 34. 

Wyoming, 87. 

General : i

Brines as a source of bromine, 459. 

Relation of salt water to the formation of oil and gas pools, 460. 

British Columbia.

Mine waters, 61.

Ore deposits, part of underground water in formation of, 55. 

Records, borings, 114. 

Solution features :

Caves in limestone, 217. 

Underground channels, 217. 

Buchanan gravel. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Buhrstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Burlington limestone. See Underground 

waters, occurrence of.

C. 

Caliche. See Deposits by underground

waters. 

California.

Absorption of water by gravels and

sands, 60, 331, 666. 

Absorption of water of streams, 60. 

Artesian areas, 451. 455, 457. 

Artesian conditions, 376. 

Artesian-water maps, 452, 453, 454. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Capacity of sediments, 252. 

Collecting tunnels: 

Analyses, 408. 

Descriptions, 408. 

Economical use of water, 340. 

Hummocks, part of underground waters in formation of, 648. 

Interference of wells, 452, 453, 454. 

Laws relating to underground waters,

178, 683, 700. 

Mine waters, 45, 562. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground water in formation of, 233, 239, 648, 

649,
INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

California Continued.

Porosity of sediments, 252. 

Principal publications:

Development of underground waters in the central Coastal 

Plain region of southern California, 453.

Development of underground waters in the eastern Coastal 

Plain region of southern California, 452.

Development of underground waters in the western Coastal 

Plain region of southern California, 454.

Hydrology of the San Bernardino 

Valley, 455.

List of deep borings in United 

States, 89.

Pumping underground water in 

southern California, 178.

Reclamation work in southern 

California, 26.

Soil survey of the San Jose area, 

California, 383.

Studies of California ground waters, 451.

Underflow tests in the drainage 

basin of Los Angeles River,

l>p;o ~i>*..

Underground waters of southern

California, 456. . Water problems of Santa Barbara, Cal., 408. 

Waterworks of Porterville, Cal.,

258.

Return seepage, 178, 455. 

Seepage waters:

Descriptions, 283, 284, 384, 563. 

Injurious effects of, 284. 

Use of, 26. 

Springs:

Mineral springs, composition, 682. 

Springs in general: 

Deposits, 648, 687. 

Descriptions, 69, 473, 479,

648.

Distribution, 331. 

Underdrainage of alkali lands, 698,

708. 

Underflow, measurement of, 140, 252,

602.

Underground waters: 

Analyses, 455. 

Circulation, 239, 331. 

Contamination, 258. 

Decline, 161, 163, 178, 455, 456,

457.

Fluctuation, 456. 

Movements, 252. 

Occurrence of:

Descriptions, 26, 283, 383, 

384, 451, 452, 453, 454, 

455, 456, 457.

Sand and gravel, 178, 284, 

364.

California Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Overdevelopment, 161, 163. 

Precautions in use of, 456. 

Relation to faults, 239. 

Temperatures, 455. 

Work of, in alteration of pegmatite, 682. 

Work of, in " self-rising ground,"

650. 

Work of, in siliciflcation of rock,

648. 

Uses of underground waters:

Springs, private supplies, 69. 

Wells:

Irrigation, 187, 284, 383, 386, 

446, 452, 453, 454, 455, 

456, 458, 494, 600, 665, 

676, 698.

Private supplies, 384. 

Public supplies, 60, 65, 340,

468. 

Veins, part of underground water in

formation of, 619. 

Water problems, 53. 

Water table:

Effect of irrigation on, 1. 

Effect of pumping wells on, 133. 

Fluctuations, 1, 26, 252, 446. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 494, 

547, 562, 721. 

Discharge, 562. 

Distribution, 384. 

Pumping, 16, 698. 

Wells in general:

Construction, 252, 364, 600,

602.

Cost, 230, 452, 453, 454. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Discharge, 408, 600. 

Distribution, 452, 453, 454. 

Pumping, 133, 150, 178, 383,

384, 452, 453, 454, 562. 

Records, 252, 407, 455. 

Statistics, 89, 258, 407, 452,

453, 454, 455, 468.

Cambrian system. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Capacity of rocks and soils, 197,252,286,

602.

Capacity of springs and wells. See Discharge. 

Capillarity.

Rocks, California, 383. 

Soils, 360. 

Carbon dioxide in springs.

Descriptions, New York, 491. 

Origin, 713. 

Uses. 

Carboniferous system. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Catahoula formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Cave deposits. See Deposits, caves. 

Caves, absorption of water byr 108.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 89

Caves, descriptions. See Solution features. 

Caves, relation of formation to ore deposits,

Texas, 574.

Cementation by underground waters. 

Connecticut, 349. 

Indiana, 461. 

New Brunswick, 349. 

New Jersey, 349. 

New York, 349. 

Pennsylvania, 349. 

General, 388.

Cephalonia, Sea Mills of, 431, 433. 

Chadron formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Chalcocitization, part of underground waters in, Arizona, 405. 

Cherokee shale. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Chesapeake formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Chester sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

China.

Artesian water :

Descriptions, 299. 

Prospects, 707.

Brines, occurrence in oil wells, 514. 

Springs, descriptions, 299. 

Underground waters, occurrence of, in

drift, 299. 

Wells :

Construction, 5. 

Description of salt wells, 507. 

Need of, 5. 

Pumping, 5.

Chlorine in natural waters, 329. 

Chloritization, part of underground waters

in, North Carolina. 539.

Chouteau limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Circulation and movements of underground 

waters.

Conditions of, 24. 

Depth of penetration, 56. 

Descriptions :

Alabama, 606. 

Arizona, 78, 405. 

Arkansas. 542, 604. 

Bermuda Islands, 22. 

California, 252, 331. 

Colorado, 238, 328. 

Connecticut, 195, 230. 

Cuba, 196. 

France, 684. 

Georgia, 684. 

Illinois, 12, 437. 

Indiana, 395. 

Iowa, 450. 

Kentucky, 668. 

Louisiana. 250. 

Massachusetts, 195. 

Mexico, 714. 

Michigan, 206, 392. 

Minnesota, 248, 392.

Circulation and movements of underground 

waters Continued.

Descriptions Continued. 

Missouri, 592. 

Nevada, 624, 627. 

New Hampshire, 198. 

New Jersey, 363. 

New Mexico, 152. 

New York, 206. 

North Carolina, 347. 

Oregon, 569. 

Pennsylvania, 199. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Tennessee, 347. 

Utah, 348. 

Washington, 379. 

Wisconsin. 392.

General, 255, 374, 481, 599, 643. 

Relation to faults, 239. 

Relation to fissures : 

Vermont, 35. 

General, 251. 

Relation to formation of ore deposits,

400.

Relation to weathering, North Carolina, 539. 

Claiborne formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Classification of springs, 257. 

Clay marl. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Clinton limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Cockfield formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Cohansey formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Coldwater shale. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Collecting ditches, galleries, and tunnels.

See Structures. 

Colorado.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Crevice encountered by oil well, 175. 

Drainage of mines, 46, 478. 

Mine waters, 478, 483, 487. 

Mineral waters:

Descriptions, 87. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 117, 238, 327, 

328, 463, 582, 628. 

Permeability of rocks, 46. 

Principal publications :

Drainage of the Cripple Creek

district, 46. * 

Geology and water resources of

the central Great Plains, 87. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Radium, occurrence of, in spring deposits, 264.

Return seepage, 168, 443, 661. 

Seepage waters, relation to irrigation, 

282.
90 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Colorado Continued. 

Springs:

Composition, 264. 

Deposits, 264, 265. 

Descriptions, 87, 264, 377. 

Relation to dikes, 375. 

Relation to fracture lines, 463. 

Subirrigation, effects of, 698. 

Underground waters:

Circulation, 238, 328. 

Descriptions, 87, 175, 485, 487. 

Occurrence of: 

Formations :

Arapahoe, 87. 

Arikaree, 87. 

Dakota, 87, 377. 

Fox Hills, 87. 

Laramie, 87. 

Ogalalla, 87. 

Systems :

Cretaceous, 87. 

Tertiary, 87. 

Relation to faults, 238. 

Relation to fractures, 404, 463. 

Relation to irrigation, 282. 

Uses of underground waters, wells : 

Irrigation, 305, 640. 

Private supplies, 303. 

Water level, 478, 487. 

Wells :

Artesian wells : 

Cost, 662. 

Descriptions, 87. 

Pumping, 662. 

Wells in general:

Analyses, 87, 196. 

Descriptions, 89, 303, 407,

640.

Pumping, 640. 

Records, 87, 407. 

Statistics, 87, 89, 407. 

Columbia formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Composition or quality. See also Analyses, 

springs and wells.

Gases occurring in mineral springs,

589.

Mine waters, 31. 

Springs :

Arkansas, 490, 688. 

California, 682. 

Colorado, 264. 

Montana, 568. 

South Dakota, 551. 

Wyoming, 72. 

General, 257, 713. 

Wells :

Algeria, 346. 

Arizona, 385. 

Georgia, 704. 

Illinois, 438. 

Michigan, 211. 

Minnesota, 710. 

Mississippi Valley, 605. 

South Dakota, 551.

Composition or quality Continued. 

Underground waters in general: 

Arizona, 387, 405. 

Arkansas, 542, 544. 

Connecticut, 195, 230, 545. 

Illinois, 394. 

Massachusetts, 195. 

Michigan, 202. 

Mississippi, 411. 

Missouri, 503, 520, 592, 593. 

Montana, 627. 

Nevada, 627. 

New Jersey, 371. 

New York, 281, 656, 689, 692. 

Ohio, 396. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Sahara, 345. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Tennessee, 227. 

Utah, 333. 

Vermont, 532. 

Washington, 379. 

Wisconsin, 581. 

General papers:

Relation to uses, 598. 

Requirements for well waters, 370. 

Connecticut.

Artesian water, occurrence of, in crystalline rocks, 586. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 204, 230. 

Cementation by underground waters,

349. 

Laws regarding pollution of springs,

23. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground

water in formation of, 111. 

Principal publications:

Drilled wells in Triassic area of

Connecticut Valley, 545. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Triassic rocks of Connecticut Valley "as a source of water supply, 

195. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 230. 

Quarry water, 195. 

Radio-active water, 230. 

Springs :

Analyses, 612. 

Relation to faults, 230. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 230. 

Composition, 195, 230, 545. 

Contamination, 195. 

Movements, 195. 

Occurrence:

Formations :

Stockbridge, 230. 

Materials :

Crystalline rocks, 230, 

586.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 91

Connecticut Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued. 

Materials Continued. 

Diabase, 195. 

Drift, 230. 

Sandstone, 195, 230. 

Shale, 195. 

Quarries, 195. 

Systems, Triassic, 230, 546. 

Relation to faults, 195, 230. 

Relation to joints, 195. 

Temperature, 230. 

Uses of underground waters, wells : Manufacturing supplies, 545. 

Private supplies, 545. 

Public supplies, 230, 545. 

Wells :

Analyses, 195, 612. 

Construction, 195. 

Descriptions, 89, 195, 230, 407,

545.

Records, 407, 545. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Testing, 195.

Construction of wells. See Wells and borings, construction.

Contact metamorphism, part of underground water in: 

Arizona, 405. 

General, 523. 

Contamination, protection of underground

water from, 183. 

Contamination of underground waters by

oil-well wastes, Indiana, 37. 

Contamination of underground waters. 

Springs:

Maine, 694. 

Mexico, 500. 

Virginia, 393. 

General, 435.

Underground waters in general: 

Connecticut, 195. 

Cuba, 196. 

Georgia, 441. 

Illinois, 394. 

Indiana, 37. 

Kansas, 615. 

Missouri, 519, 615. 

New York, 393, 697. 

South Carolina, 226. 

General, 4. 

Wells:

California, 258. 

England, 4. 

Georgia, 440. 

Kansas, 344. 

Maine, 434, 694. 

New York, 9. 

Oklahoma, 398. 

Pennsylvania, 434. 

General, 393, 431, 435, 558a. 

Contributions to hydrology of eastern

United States, 194.

Corniferous limestone. See Underground 

waters, occurrence of.

Corrosion of limestone by springs, Michigan, 711.

Cost of drilling, 240, 363, 710. 

Cost of irrigation with well water, 675. 

Cost of pumping. 

Texas, 603, 651. 

General, 718. 

Cost of wells.

Artesian wells, 662. 

Wells in general: 

Arkansas, 652. 

California, 452, 453, 454. 

Connecticut, 230. 

Kansas, 254. 

New York, 224. 

South Australia, 139. 

Court decisions. See Laws relating to

underground waters.

Cretaceous system. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Crystalline rocks. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Cuba. .

Interference of rivers with wells, 196. 

Solution features, 196. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, analyses, 196. 

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 196. 

Descriptions, 196. 

Submarine springs, 196, 275. 

Underground streams, 196. 

Underground waters, occurrence of,

descriptions, 275.

Uses of underground waters, springs: 

Bathing, 196. 

Medicinal purposes, 196. 

Public supplies, 196. 

Underground streams, public supplies, 196.

Wells, public supplies, 196. 

Wells:

Analyses, 196. 

Record, 196.

Work of U. S. War Department in 

well construction, 196.

D.

Dakota sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Deadwood sandstone. See Underground 

waters, occurrence of.

Decay of rocks. See Underground waters, 

work of, decomposition.

Decline of underground waters, California, 

161, 163, 178, 446, 455, 456, 457. 

General, 696.

Decline of wells. See also Failure of wells. 

California, 161,163, 457.

Decomposition of rocks. See Underground 

waters, work of.

Deep-seated water, definition, 431.

Deforestation, effect on flow of wells, Michigan, 209, 211.
92 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Delaware.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 88, 89, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value

of, 100, 527.

Principal publications on underground 

waters:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 88.

Underground waters, occurrence of: 

Formations:

Chesapeake, 88. 

Matawan, 88. 

Potomac, 88. 

Redbank, 88. 

Materials :

Granite, 88. 

Systems :

Cretaceous, 88. 

Tertiary, 88. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 88, 89, 407. 

Prospects, 88. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 88, 89, 407. 

Delthyris shale. See Uaderground waters,

occurrence of. 

Denmark, use of underground waters for

public supply, 431. 

Depletion of underground waters. 

California, 161. 163, 457. 

England, 431.

Deposits by underground waters. 

Cave waters:

Michigan, 367. 

Missouri, 566. 

New York, 367. 

Ground waters, Texas, 560. 

Springs :

Arizona, 330. 

Arkansas, 29, 647, 688. 

California, 648, 687. 

Colorado, 264, 265. 

Georgia, 684. 

Indian Territory, 647. 

Java, 687.

Malay Peninsula, 687. 

Montana, 568, 687. 

Nevada, 399, 687. 

New York, 281. 

Peru, 430.

Yellowstone National Park, 687. 

Underground waters in general: 

Arizona, 387. 

Massachusetts, 80.

Deposits, springs, economic value of, 687. 

Depth of wells, estimation of, from temperature of water, 380.

Devonian system. See Underground waters, occurrence -of.

Diabase. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Diamond drilling. See Wells and borings ; 

construction.

Dikes, relation of springs to, Colorado, 375. 

Diorite. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Discharge.

Springs :

Fluctuation of, Nebraska, 412. 

Measurement of, Montana, 11. 

Statistics :

Alabama, 250. 

Arkansas, 29, 210, 688. 

Georgia, 249. 

Idaho, 567.

Missouri, 210, 272, 592. 

Nevada, 273. 

New York, 281. 

Texas, 660. 

Utah, 273. 

Wells :

Effect of deforestation on flow of,

Michigan, 209, 211. 

Effect of ditching on flow of,

Michigan, 209, 211. 

Effect of drought on flow of wells,

504. 

Effect of frost on flow of wells,

209, 211.

Measurements, general, 601, 653. 

Statistics :

California, 16, 408, 562, 660. 

Idaho, 311. 

Louisiana, 256. 

Michigan, 146. 

Missouri, 593. 

New Jersey, 674. 

New Mexico, 287, 304. 

New York, 546, 656, 689, 697. 

Queensland, 242. 

South Australia, 139. 

South Carolina, 226. 

District of Columbia.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 92. 

Mineral springs, occurrence of, 92. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 92.

Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Formations :

Potomac, 92. 

Materials:

Crystalline rocks, 92. 

Quicksand, 131- 

Systems :

Cretaceous, 92. 

Wells, descriptions, 92. 

Drainage, 

Mines:

Colorado, 46, 478. 

Georgia, 439. 

Ponds, drainage into wells. See Underdrainage.

Swamps, drainage into wells. See Underdrainage.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 93

Drift. See Underground waters, occurrence 

of.

Drilling. See Wells and borings, construction.

Dundee limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Earthquakes, relation to underground water conditions, 594.

Economical use of water, California, 3-40. 

Egypt.

Springs, 144. 

Wells, 121. 

Ellensburg beds. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

England.

Underground water, depletion of, 431. 

Wells:

Contamination, 4. 

Description :

Artesian, 30. 

Wells in general, 160. 

Use, 30,160. 

Enid formation. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Enrichment. See Underground waters, part

of, in formation of ore deposits. 

Eutaw formation. See Underground waters, occurrence, of. 

Evaporation.

Ground water, Texas, 560. 

Relation to spring flow, Nebraska, 412. 

Exhibition of mineral waters, St. Louis

Exposition, 42. 

Experiments.

Cost of irrigation by well waters, 675. 

Flow in sand and gravel, 602. 

Well contamination, Georgia, 440.

F.

Failure of springs.

Kentucky, 504.

Pennsylvania, 504.

West Virginia, 504.

Failure of wells. See also Discharge of 

wells.

Kentucky, 504.

Michigan, 209, 211.

Pennsylvania, 504.

West Virginia, 504. 

Faults, relation of artesian -"veils to.

Massachusetts, 657. 

Faults, relation of springs to.

Connecticut, 230.

Kansas, 615.

Massachusetts, 657. v Michigan, 720.

Missouri, 519, 615.

North Carolina, 218.

Virginia, 93.

Wyoming, 72.

Faults, relation of underground waters In 

general to. 

Alaska, 424. 

Arkansas, 542. 

California, 239. 

Connecticut, 195, 230. 

New Jersey, 363.

Faults, relation to circulation of underground waters. 

Arizona, 78. 

California, 239. 

Colorado, 238. 

Field assay of water, 390. 

Filtration galleries. See Infiltration galleries. 

Fissures.

Relation of springs to : 

Colorado, 463. 

Mexico, 714. 

General, 687.

Relation of underground waters in general to: 

Colorado, 404. 

Maine, 611. 

Utah, 35, 348. 

Washington, 51. 

Florida.

Artesian area, 201.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 201, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 201, 527.

Principal publications on underground 

waters:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 201. 

Solution features:

Caves, limestone, 112, 556. 

Solution features in general, 201. 

Springs, descriptions, 201. 

Submarine springs, 275, 431. 

Underground waters, occur rence of,

201, 275. 

Wells :

Descriptions, 89, 201, 407, 431. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Flow. See Discharge. 

Fluctuation of discharge. 

Artesian wells:

Louisiana, 256. 

New Mexico, 304. 

Springs, Nebraska, 412. 

Fluctuation of ground-water level. 

Arizona, 387.

California, 1, 26, 252, 446, 456. 

Japan,654.

Massachusetts, 151, 538. 

Michigan, 209, 211. 

New York, 135, 546. 

Pennsylvania, 222. 

General, 1, 112, 255, 641, 709. 

Fluctuation of water level in wells, work 

of A, C. Veatch. on, 680.
94 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Forests.

Agency in storage of underground water, 709.

Relation to occurrence of springs, 540. 

Fox Hills formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

France. »

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 684. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 684. 

Use of underground waters : 

Infiltration galleries, 225. 

Springs, 431.

Frozen well, Vermont, 83. 

Fumaroles, description, Nevada, 627.

Relation to formation of ore deposits, 

521.

Gage for measurement of artesian pressures, 190, 208.

Galena limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Gas springs. See Springs emitting gas. 

Gasconade limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Gauley coal. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Genesee formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Genesis of ore deposits. See Ore deposits, 

part of underground waters in formation 

of. 

Georgia.

Absorption of water by limestone, 441. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204, 441. 

Drainage of mines, 439. 

Mine waters, 439, 441, 684. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Ore deposits :

Part of geysers and springs in

formation of, 684. 

- Part of underground waters in

formation of, 684. 

Porosity, 441. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 441. 

Quarry water, 684. 

Solution features :

Caves in limestone, 440.

Sink holes, 116.

Solution features in general, 439,

440, 441. 

Springs:

Mineral springs, 439, 441. 

Thermal springs:

Descriptions, B88.

Work of W. H. Weed on, 680.

Georgia Continued.

Springs Continued.

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 440, 688. 

Deposits, 684. 

Descriptions, 249, 439. 

Underground channels, 439, 441. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 684. 

Composition, 704. 

Contamination, 441. 

Occurrence of : " ' 

Descriptions, 441. 

Materials: - ' ' 

Limestone, 441. " 

Quartzite/688. 

Sandstone, 441. 

Wells:

Analyses, 440. 

Contamination, 440. 

Descriptions, 89, 407, 441, 704. 

Records, 407, 439. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Germany.

Brines, occurrence in oil wells, 514. 

Divining rods, use of in location of underground water, 132, 480. 

Purification of underground water, 590. 

Springs :

Descriptions, 43. 

Economic value, 43. 

Uses:

Public supply, 590. 

Resorts, 43. 

Geysers.

Descriptions, New Zealand, 343. 

Part of,* in formation of ore deposits: 

France, 684. 

Georgia, 684. 

Physics of, work of William Hallock on,

679.

Gneiss. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Gold coast, part of underground waters

in formation of ore deposits, 579. 

Grand Gulf formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Granite. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Gravel. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Great Plains, central, underground waters

of, 87.

Greece, sea mills of Cephalonia, 431, 433. 

Greenbrier limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Greer formation. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Ground water. See also Underground waters.

Definitions, 46, 431.

Ground-water problems in southeastern

Michigan, 209.

Gunter sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Gyp water, 228a,
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 95

H. 

Hannibal formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Hatchetigbee formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Hawaiian islands. ~

Submarine springs, 275.

Underground waters, occurrence of,

275.

Heating. See Uses of underground waters. 

Helderberg limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Henrietta formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Hinckley sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Holland, occurrence of underground waters

in sand dunes, 432. 

Hot springs. See Springs, thermal. 

Hudson River formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Hummocks, part of underground water in

formation of, 648. 

Hydrologic work. See Underground waters,

work on, by. 

Hydrology, Division of, U. S. Geological

Survey, personnel, 506.

Hydrology of eastern United States, summary of papers, 194. 

Hydrometamorphism, Arizona, 405. 

Hydrothermal metamorphism, Arizona, 405.

I.

Ice caves, 588. 

Idaho.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 201. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89.

Seepage from canals, 84. 

Springs :

Descriptions, 306. 

Discharge, 567. 

Types:

Fissure springs, 306. 

Seepage springs, 84. 

Thermal springs, 306. 

Uses of underground waters . 

Springs, irrigation, 306, 567. 

Wells :

Heating, 687. 

General, 310. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 310. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 84, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Illinois.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 394. 

Brines, 394,

Illinois Continued.

Mineral springs, list of, 394.

Mineral waters, production and value.

100,527.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 12. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 394. 

Solution features, 12, 13. 

Underground channels, 13. 

Underground waters :

Circulation, 12, 437. 

Contamination, 394. 

Occurrence:

Formations :

Chester, 394. 

Galena, 394. 

Lower Magnesian, 394. 

Madison, 156. 

Niagara, 394. 

Potsdam, 394. 

St. Louis, 394. 

St. Peter, 156,394. 

Materials :

Drift, 394, 437. 

Limestone, 12. 

Systems,.

Carboniferous, 394. 

Devonian, 394. 

Tertiary, 394. 

Uses of underground waters :

Wells, public supplies, 156, 438. 

General, public supplies, 438. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 394. 

Wells in general: 

Capacity, 437. 

Composition, 394, 438. 

Construction, 436, 437. 

Descriptions, 89, 394, 407, 436,

437.

Pumping, 436, 437. 

Records, 12, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. . 

Testing, 436. 

Impregnation of limestone by solutions,

Mexico, 68. 

India, use of underground waters, wells,

irrigation, 494, 676. 

Indian Territory.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publication:

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, descriptions, 647. 

Springs in general, deposits, 647. 

Underground channels, 645,
96 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Indian Territory Continued. 

Underground waters : 

Occurrence of:

Descriptions, 645. 

Formations:.

Boone, 647. 

Morrow, 647. 

Relation to faults, 647. 

Relation to joints, 645. 

Wells:

Analyses, 244. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Indiana.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 395. 

Brines, 395.

Laws regarding pollution of underground waters, 23. 

Mineral waters:

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 395. 

Solution features, 395. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, list of, 395. 

Springs in general : 

Analyses, 27. 

Descriptions, 20, 395. 

Distribution, 20, 395. 

Effect on vegetation, 461. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 395. 

Contamination, 37. 

Occurrence in gas wells, 515. 

Occurrence of: 

Formations:

Chester, 395. 

Hudson River, 37, 395. 

Knobstone, 395. 

Lower Helderberg, 395. 

Niagara, 37, 395. 

St. Louis, 395. 

St. Peter, 395. 

Trenton, 37, 395. 

Waterline, 395. 

Systems :

Carboniferous, 395. 

Tertiary, 395. 

Work of:

Cementation, 461. 

Uses of underground waters:

Infiltration galleries for public

supplies, 502.

Springs for water power, 395. 

Wells for public supply, 37, 502. 

Well prospects, 395. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 20,

395.

Wells in general: 

Analyses, 27.

Descriptions, 89, 407, 502. 

Records, 27, 28, 362, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

Induration by underground waters, Oregon,

569.

Infiltration. See Seepage. 

Infiltration galleries. See Structures. 

Infiltration of surface water into volcanoes,

270.

Infiltration of underground waters into sewers.

Louisiana, 263. 

Minnesota, 167. 

New York, 268. 

Pennsylvania, 268. 

Philippine Islands, 153, 302. 

Instruments.

Devices for deep bore-hole surveying,

423.

Devining rod, use of, in locating water : 

Germany, 132, 480. 

General, 381, 488.

Interference of rivers with wells, Cuba, 196. 

Interference of underground waters with 

Oil wells, Alaska, 425. 

Placer mining: 

Alaska, 44. 

Utah, 35. 

Sewers:

Louisiana, 263. 

Philippine Islands, 302. 

General, 538. 

Interference of wells, California, 452, 453,

454. 

Iowa.

Absorption of rainfall, 706. 

Absorption of water by rocks and

soils, 706. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 511. 

Brines, 511.

Drainage of swamps into wells, 450. 

Mineral springs, list of, 511. 

Mineral waters: 

Analyses, 706. 

Descriptions, 706. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in the United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 511. 

Springs, distribution, 706. 

Underdrainage, 450. 

Underground waters:

Analyses, formations: 

Maquoketa, 706. 

St. Louis, 706. 

Movement, 450. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 663. 

Formations:

Buchanan, 511. 

Dakota, 511. 

Galena, 511. 

Jordan, 511, 512. 

Lower Magnesian, 511. 

Niagara, 365, 667. 

Oneota, 511, 512. 

St. Peters, 511, 512, 518,

667. 

Trenton, 511.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 97

Iowa Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued. 

Materials :

Dolomite, 511. 

Drift, 511, 518. 

Systems:

Algonkian, 511. 

Cambrian, 511. 

Carboniferous, 511. 

Ordovician, 511.

Uses of underground waters, wells: 

Private supplies, 417, 575. 

Public supplies, 417, 575, 667. 

Well prospects, 191, 512. 

Wells :

Artesian wells:

Descriptions, 511. 

Distribution, 706. 

Wells in general:

Analyses, 365, 518. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407, 417, 667, 706. 

Statistics, 89, 407, 518. 

Temperatures, 518. 

Work of U. S. Geological Survey on

underground waters, 191. 

Irrigation. See Uses of underground waters. 

Italy.

Seepage from canais, 444. 

Thermal waters encountered in the 

Simplon tunnel, 47, 66, 67, 120, 

127, 130, 138, 357, 358, 359, 465, 

469, 482, 489, 495, 576, 587, 655. 

Use of underground waters, springs, 

irrigation, 444.

J.

Japan, fluctuation of water in artesian

wells, 654.

Java, deposits from springs, 687. 

Joints. See also Underground waters, occurrence of.

Relation to occurrence of underground

waters, Connecticut, 195. 

Transmission of underground water 

through: > Michigan, 206. 

New York, 192.

Jordan sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Jurassic system. See Underground waters, 

occurrence of.

K. 

Kansas.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Brine springs, 87. 

Mine waters, 615. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 87. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Principal publications:

Geology and water resources of 

the central Great Plains, 87.

IRE 163 06 7

Kansas Continued.

Principal publications Continued.

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Springs :

Analyses, 615. 

Descriptions, 421, 615. 

Relation to faults, 615. 

Underground waters: 

Contamination, 615. 

Occurrence :

Description, 87. 

Formations :

Arikaree, 87. 

Dakota, 87, 421. 

Ogalalla, 87. 

Systems :

Cretaceous, 87. 

Tertiary, 87.

Uses of underground waters, wells: 

Irrigation, 254, 640, 719. 

General, 254.

Water level, effect of pumping on, 125. 

Wells:

Analyses, 87, 615. 

Construction, 254. 

Contamination, 344. 

Cost, 254'.

Descriptions, 89, 407, 640. 

Pumping, 254, 640, 719. 

Records, 87, 407. 

Statistics, 87, 89, 407. 

Work of Reclamation Service on underflow, 680. 

Kentucky.

Bibliographies containing references 

to underground waters, 89, 204, 227. 

Failure of springs and wells, 504. 

Mineral springs, list of, 227. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground water in formation of, 14, 614. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 227. 

Water resources of the Middleboro-Harlan district, 7. 

Solution features :

Caves, limestone, 289, 557.

Sink holes, 557, 614, 668.

Solution features in general, 289,

557, 614, 668.

Springs, descriptions, 7, 227. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 668. 

Occurrence:

Formations : 

Lee, 7.

Lignitic, 227. 

Porters Creek, 227. 

Ripley, 227. 

Systems :

Carboniferous, 227.
98 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Kentucky Continued.

Underground waters Continued.

Relation to igneous intrusions, 14. 

Work of, in solution of limestone,

668. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 7, 594. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 227, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Kirkwood formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Knobstone formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Knox dolomite. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Korea, spring, description, 297.

L.

Lafayette formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Lakota formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Landslips, part of underground water in 

Montana, 629. 

General, 154.

Laramie formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Laws relating to underground waters : 

California, 178, 683, 700. 

Connecticut, 23. 

Indiana, 23. 

New York, 136, 143. 

North Carolina, 510. 

Wyoming, 164. 

General, 228, 335, 467, 591. 

Laws relating to underground water, need

of, Michigan, 211. 

Laws relating to underground waters, study

of, by D. W. Johnson, 679, 680. 

Laws relating to underground waters, study

of, by U. S. Geological Survey, 205. 

Leaching by underground waters. See Underground waters, work of. 

Lignitic group. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Limestone caves. See Caves, limestone. 

Lisbon formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Logan sandstone. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Longmeadow sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Lost water.

Diamond drilling, Missouri, 338. 

Wash drilling, Massachusetts, 80. 

Louisiana.

Absorption of water by porous beds,

256.

Artesian requisites, 256. 

Artesian waters, occurrence of, 256. 

Bibliographies containing references 

to underground waters, 44, 89, 671.

.Louisiana Continued. 

Blowing wells, 585. 

Brines, 256, 460, 514, 558, 672. 

Brines, agency in formation of oil and

gas pools, 460. 

Mineral springs, list of, 671. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 256. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Natural mounds, part of spring waters in formation of, 673. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 671. 

Underground waters of northern 

Louisiana and southern Arkansas, 672. 

Underground waters of southern

Louisiana, 256. 

Seepage, 256. 

Underground waters : 

Composition, 256. 

Infiltration into sewers, 263. 

Movements, 256. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 558. 

Formations :

Bingen, 671, 672. 

Catahoula, 256, 671, 672. 

Cockfleld, 672. 

Grand Gulf, 256, 672. 

Lafayette, 558. 

Natacoch, 671, 672. 

Sabine, 671, 672. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 671. 

Quaternary, 256. 

Tertiary, 256, 671, 672. 

Uses of underground waters, wells: 

Irrigation, 256, 558. 

Manufacturing supplies, 256. 

Private supplies, 256. 

Public supplies, 256. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 256,

558, 671, 672. 

Wells in general: 

Analyses, 256. 

Construction, 256. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Discharge, 256. 

Fluctuation, 256. 

Occurrence of gas in, 515. 

Pumping, 256, 558. 

Records, 71, 256, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 256, 407. 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, mineral

waters at, 527.

Lower California, springs, descriptions, 96. 

Lower- Helderberg limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Lower Magnesian limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 99

M.

Madison, sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Magmatic waters.

Descriptions, 270, 271, 277, 619. 

Importance of, 547, 549. 

Origin of, 549. 

Work of:

Alteration, Arizona, 7o. 

Formation of ore deposits, 15, 278. 

General, 352, 405.

Magothy formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Maine.

Artesian water, occurrence of, in crystalline rocks, 611. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Mineral springs, descriptions and statistics. 18. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 18. 

Water resources of the Portsmouth-York region, New Hampshire and Maine, 608. 

Water supply from glacial gravels

near Augusta, 609. 

Springs :

Analyses, 18. 

Contamination, 694. 

Statistics, 18. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence:

Crystalline rocks, 611. 

Drift, 608, 609. 

Relation to fissures, 611. 

Relation to joints, 608. 

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs :

Public supplies, 609, 694. 

Resorts, 664.

Wells, public supplies, 18. 

Wells :

Artesian wells :

Conditions necessary for, 18. 

Contamination, 434, 694. 

Descriptions, 608. 

Discharge, 18. 

Distribution, 18. 

Wells in general :

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

Malay Peninsula, deposits of springs, 687. 

Manafalia formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Maquoketa formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Marais des Cygnes formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Marshall sandstone. I See Underground waters, occurrence OB.

Artesian well prospects, 426. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground vbaters, 89. 91, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. I 

Principal publications :

List of ddep borings in United

States, 89|. 

Underground waters of eastern

United Spates, 91. 

Water resources of the Accident 

and Grintsville quadrangles,

426. ! ' Water resources of the Frostburg 

and Fllntstone quadrangles, 

Maryland! and West Virginia,

427.

Water resources of the Pawpaw 

and Han<jock quadrangles, West

Virginia, 

sylvania,

Maryland, and Penn639.

Springs : Mineral springs, list of, 91.

Springs in general:

Distrib 

Statist:

Descriptions, 91.

ition, 426, 427. 

cs, 91.

Underground waters : 

Occurrence :j

Descriptions, 91, 639. 

Formations :

Chlesapeake, 91. 

Grfeenbriar, 426, 427. 

Magothy, 91. 

Palmunkey, 91. 

Pojtomac, 91. 

Severn, 91. 

Materials :

Crjystalline rocks, 91. 

Sajnd, 91. 

Sandstone, 91. 

Sh|ale, 91. 

Systems:

Carboniferous, 91, 427. 

Crjtaceous, 91. 

Tertiary, 91. 

Uses of undergrDund waters:

Springs, public supplies, 427. 

Wells, public supplies, 91. 

Water level, rel .tion to mines, 686. 

Well prospects, t»l, 426, 427. 

Wells :

Artesian \v Jlls, descriptions, 427. 

^ Wells in g ueral:

Descri] lions, 89, 91, 407. 

Record j, 407. 

Statist cs, 89, 91, 407. 

Massachusetts.

Absorption of v ater by gravels, 80. 

Absorption of w ^ter of wash drills, 80. 

Artesian watei . occurrence of, descriptions, 79 80.

Bibliographies containing references 

to undergroui a waters, 79, 204.
100 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Massachusetts Continued.

Lost water, from borings, 80. 

Mineral waters:

Descriptions, 657. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of. 111. 

Permeability of dikes, 151. 

Principal publications :

Drilled wells in the Triassic area

of Connecticut Valley, 545. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Triassic rocks of Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply, 

195. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 79. 

Water resources of the Taconic 

quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, 657. 

Water supply from the delta type

of sand plain, 80. 

Springs:

Mineral springs:

Descriptions, 657. 

List of, 79. 

Springs in general, relation to

faults, 657. 

Underground waters : 

Composition, 195. 

Movement, 195. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 79, 657. 

Formations, Longmeadow, 195,

545. 

Materials:

Conglomerate, 79. 

Crystalline rocks, 79. 

Diabase, 195. 

Drift, 79, 80, 536, 537. 

Limestone, 79. 

Metamorphic rocks, 79. 

Quartzite, 79. 

Sandstone, 195. 

Shale, 195.

Cambrian, 79. 

Triassic; 79, 545. 

Work of, in formation of natural

bridges, 59.

Uses of underground waters: 

Springs :

Irrigation, 678. 

Resorts, 657. 

Wells :

Irrigation, 678. 

Manufacturing supplies, 195,

545.

Private supplies, 195, 545. 

Water table :

Description, 80. 

Fluctuation, 538. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, relation to faults, 

657,

Massachusetts Continued. 

Welis Continued.

Wells in general:

Analyses, 195, 545. 

Descriptions, 80, 89, 407, 545. 

Records, 407, 545. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

Matawan formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Measurements of artesian pressure, 190, 208. 

Measurements of discharge. 

Springs, Montana, 11.- 

Wells, 601, 653. 

Measurements of seepage. 

Montana, 11. 

Nebraska, 182. 

Wyoming, 181, 182. 

Measurements of underflow. 

Arizona, 387. 

California, 140, 252, 602. 

New York, 602. 

General, 312, 599.

Work of C. S. Slichter on, 679, 680. 

Medicinal. See Uses of underground waters. 

Medina sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Metamorphic rocks. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Metasomatosis, part of underground waters 

in 

Arizona, 405. 

Arkansas, 684. 

General, 522. 

Meteoric waters.

Importance of, 547, 549. 

Work of:

Ore deposition, 15. 

General, 352. 

Meter for measurement of underflow, 252,

602. 

Mexico.

Arsenic, occurrence in spring water,

500.

Fissures, relation to springs, 714. 

Mine waters, analyses, 68. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 68, 269, 351, 

372, 516.

Ore deposits, relation to spring conduits, 516.

Springs, contamination of, 500. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 714. 

Occurrence in gravel, 714. 

Uses of underground waters : 

Infiltration galleries, 177. 

Subterranean streams, 177. 

Wells, for water power, 177. 

Wells, descriptions, 177, 714. 

Mica dikes, part of underground waters in

formation of, 63. 

Michigan.

Absorption of water of ponds, 285. 

Absorption of water of streams, 720, 

Artesian areas, 70.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 101

Michigan Continued.

Artesian flow, unusual types of, 189,

206. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 202, 204. 

Brines:

Descriptions, 202, 381, 382. 

Ocurrence of bromine in, 459. 

Caves containing water, 342. 

Corrosion of limestone by springs, 711. 

Joints, transmission of underground

water through, 206. 

Laws relating to underground waters,

need of, 211. 

Mine waters, 342, 392. 

Mineral waters :

Description, 202. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 391, 392. 

Principal publications :

Ground-water problem in southeastern Michigan, 209. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 402. 

Water supply of the lower peninsula of Michigan, 70. 

Solution features, 367, 570, 571. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, list of, 202. 

Springs in general:

Descriptions, 70, 720. 

Relation to faults, 720. 

Sublacustrine springs, 711. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 392. 

Composition, 126, 202. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 392. 

Formations : 

Berea, 202. 

Clinton, 202. 

Coldwater, 202. 

Dundee, 202, 209. 

Marshall, 146. 

Monroe, 209. 

Napoleon, 202. 

Parma, 202. 

Salina, 202. 

Sylvania, 209. 

Trenton, 202. 

Upper Marshall, 202. 

Materials, sand, 189. 

Series :

Michigan, 202. 

Traverse, 202.

Uses of underground waters, wells : 

Private supplies, 70. 

Public supplies, 70, 169, 211. 

Water table:

Fluctuation, 209, 211. 

Relation to vegetation, 410. 

Wells :

Artesian wells : 

Analyses, 70. 

Descriptions, 70, 267.

Michigan Continued. 

Wells Continued. 

Wells in general: 

Analyses, 146. 

Composition, 211. 

Descriptions, 89, 146, 169,

211, 267, 407. 

Failure, 209, 211. 

Records, 70, 381, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Mine waters. 

Analyses :

Mexico, 68.

Nevada, 552, 554, 555. 

Pennsylvania, 341. 

Composition, 31. 

Descriptions :

Coal mines, 31. 

Placer mines, Alaska, 44. 

Mines in general: 

Arizona, 405. 

Arkansas, 75. 

Australia, 406, 564. 

British Columbia, 61. 

California, 45, 562. 

Colorado, 478, 483, 487. 

Georgia, 439, 684. 

Kansas, 615. 

Michigan, 342, 392. 

Minnesota, 392. 

Missouri, 339, 615. 

Nevada, 101, 102, 103, 104,

464, 627. 

Nicaragua, 691. 

South Dakota, 637. 

Tasmania, 124. 

Utah, 32, 35. 

Wisconsin, 392.

Effect on metals, Pennsylvania, 341. 

Interference with mining: 

California, 45. 

Michigan, 342. 

General, 107. 

Pumping, California, 45. 

Temperature :

Nevada, 101, 102. 

General, 481.

Use for boilers, Arkansas, 75. 

Mineral waters. 

Analyses :

Cuba, 196. 

Pennsylvania, 58. 

Wyoming, 72. 

General, 72. 

Classification, 257. 

Descriptions and lists of : 

Alabama, 606. 

Arkansas, 542. 

Colorado, 87. 

Connecticut, 230, 

Cuba, 196. 

Florida, 201. 

Georgia, 441. 

Illinois, 394. 

Indiana, 395. 

Iowa, 511, 706. 

Kansas, 87. 

Kentucky, 227.
102 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Mineral waters Continued.

Descriptions and lists of Continued. 

Louisiana, 25t>, 671. 

Maryland, 91. 

Massachusetts, 657. 

Michigan, 202. 

Minnesota, 248. 

Mississippi, 337. 

Missouri, 48, 592, 593. 

Montana, 627. 

Nevada, 627. 

New Jersey, 363, 371. 

New York, 689. 

North Carolina, 200. 

Ohio, 396.

Pennsylvania, 58, 199. 

Philippine Islands, 669. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Teaaessee, 227. 

Texas, 560. 

Vermont, 532. 

Virginia, 93. 

West Virginia, 203. 

Wisconsin, 581. 

Exhibition of, at St. Louis exposition,

42, 527.

Imports and exports, 527. 

Origin, 257.

Production, 100, 527, 679, 680. 

Therapeutic value, 706. 

Value, 100, 527, 679, 680. 

Minnekahta limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Minnelusa formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Minnesota.

Artesian areas, 248. 

Artesian conditions, 710. 

Artesian water maps, 710. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 208. 

Mineral springs, list of 248. 

Mine waters, 393. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 248.

Ore deposits, part of underground 

waters in formation of, 392, 716. 

Principal publications :

Casselton-Pargo folio, 247. 

Deep wells as a source of water supply for Minnesota, 

710. 

List of deep borings ID United

States, 89.

Underground waters of Eastern United States, 248. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Seepage of underground waters into

sewage tunnel, 167. 

Springs, descriptions, 247, 248. 

Underground waters :

Circulation, 248, 392. 

Occurrence;

Descriptions, 392. 

Formations :

Dakota, 247. 

Hinckley, 710.

Minnesota Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued.

Formations Continued. 

Jordan, 248, 710. 

New Richmond, 248, 710. 

St. Peters, 248, 710. 

Shakopee, 710. 

Materials :

Drift, 247, 248, 710. 

Quicksand, 167. 

Systems :

Cambrian, 248. 

Cretaceous, 247, 248. 

Ordovician, 248.

Uses of underground waters, wells, for 

public and private supplies, 248, 710. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, 248. 

Wells in general: 

Capacity, 710. 

Composition, 710. 

Construction, 710. 

Cost, 710.

Descriptions, 89, 248, 407. 

Records, 247, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 247, 407. 

Mississippi.

Bibliographies containing references

to underground waters, 204, 337. 

Brines, 337. 

Mineral springs, 337. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 337. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 337. 

Underground waters of Mississippi, 411.

Underground waters: 

Classification, 411. 

Composition, 411. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 411. 

Formations :

Biloxi, 337. 

Claiborne, 337. 

Eutaw, 337. 

Grand Gulf, 337. 

Hatchetigbee, 337. 

Lafayette, 337. 

Lignitic, 337. 

Lisbon, 337. 

Manafalia, 337. 

Naheola, 337. 

Ponchartrain ciay, 337. 

Ripley, 337. 

Sucarnochee, 337. 

Tallahatta, 337. 

Tuscaloosa, 337. 

Materials, buhrstone, 337. 

Systems :

CarboQiferous, 337. 

Cretaceous, 337. 

Tertiary, 337.
IN" UNITED STATES IN 1905. 103

Mississippi Continued. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 77,

266, 337, 411, 594. 

Mineral wells, 337. 

Wells in general: 

Analyses, 411. 

Descriptions, 89, 407, 411. 

Records, 407, 411. 

Statistics, 89, 407, 411. 

Missouri.

Bibliographies containing references

to underground waters, 204, 593. 

Deposits in caves. 566. 

Diamond drilling, difficulties of, 338. 

Mine waters, 339, 615. 

Mineral waters:

Descriptions, 593. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 592. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Spring system of the Decaturville

dome, Carnden County, 592. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 593. 

Water resources of the Joplin district, Missouri-Kansas, 615. 

Radio - active waters, springs, and

wells, 578. 

Solution features :

Caves, limestone, 519, 520, 566,

597.

Sink holes, 519. 566, 592. 

Subterranean channels, 520,566,

592, 593, 597.

Solution features in general, 212. 

Springs : Mineral springs:

Descriptions, 48, 592. 

List of, 593.

Radio-active springs, 578. 

Springs in general:

Analyses, 409, 413, 520, 592,

615. 

Descriptions, 272, 520, 566,

577,592,593-615. 

Discharge, 210, 272, 592. 

Relation to faults, 519, 615. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 592. 

Composition, 503, 520, 592, 593. 

Contamination, 519, 615. 

Occurrence:

Formations:

Burlington, 519, 593. 

Cherokee, 593. 

Chouteau, 520. 

Delthyris, 593. 

Gasconade, 592, 593. 

Gunter, 593. 

Hannibal, 520, 593. 

Henrietta, 593. 

Marais des Cygnes, 593. 

Pleasanton, 593. 

St. Louis, 593.

Missouri Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued.

Formations Continued. 

St. Peters, 519, 593. 

Third Magnesian, 592. 

Trenton, 593. 

Materials:

Crystalline rocks, 593. 

Drift, 593.

Systems, Devonian, 592. 

Purification of, 503. 

Work of:

Formation of chert, 577. 

Formation of limestone caves,

592, 597.

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs :

Public supplies, 409, 519. 

Water power, 566,577. 

Wells, general, 503, 593. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 592,

593, 594.

Radio-active well waters, 578. 

Wells in general:

Analyses, 520, 577, 615, 618. 

Descriptions, 89, 407, 577, 578,

592, 593. 

Pumping, 578. 

Records, 407, 577. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

Monroe sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Montana.

Artesian water maps, 94. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Deposits, springs, 568, 687. 

Landslips, part of underground waters

in causation of, 629. 

'Mineral waters:

Occurrence, 627. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 105, 582, 627. 

Principal publications : 

Aladdin folio, 94. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Seepage, measurement of, 11. 

Springs:

Thermal springs, descriptions, 627. 

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 687. 

Composition, 568. 

Discharge, 11.

Underdrainage of alkali lands, 698, 708. 

Underground waters: 

Composition, 627. 

Occurrence:

Formations :

Dakota, 94. 

Deadwood, 94. 

Lakota, 94. 

Minnelusa, 94. 

Pahasapa, 94.
104 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Montana Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Temperature, 627. 

Work of, in alteration of rock, 627. 

Uses of underground waters; 

Artesian wells, heating, 687. 

Springs, bathing, 687. 

Wells, conditions relative to, 94. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Morocco.

Brines, occurrence in wells, 179. 

Springs, scarcity of, 179. 

Underground waters, quality of, 179. 

Wells, descriptions, 179. 

Morrow formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Mound springs, Utah, 34. 

Mounds of Louisiana, part of underground

waters in formation of, 673. 

Movements of alkali in ground waters, 447. 

Movements of underground waters. See 

Circulation and movements of underground waters. 

Mud volcanoes, Nevada, 575.

N.

Nacatoch formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Naheola formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Napoleon sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Nebraska.

Artesian conditions, 87.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Blowing wells, 585. 

Evaporation, relation to flow of

springs, 412. 

Mineral waters, production and value.

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

Geology and water resources of

the central Great Plains, 87. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Return seepage:

Descriptions, 168, 661, 662. 

Relation to water rights, 445. 

Seepage from canals, measurements

and descriptions, 182. 

Seepage waters, relation to irrigation,

429.

Springs, fluctuations of, 412. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 87, 429. 

Formations :

Arikaree, 87. 

Chadron, 87. 

Dakota, 87. 

Ogalalla, 87. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 87. 

Tertiary, 87.

Nebraska Continued.

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs, irrigation, 308, 314. 

Wells, irrigation, 640. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 87. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407, 640. 

Pumping, 640. 

Records, 87, 407. 

Statistics, 87, 89, 407. 

Nevada.

Absorption of streams by desert sands,

186\ 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Deposits, springs, 399, 687. 

Fumaroles, 627. 

Mine waters :

Analyses, 552, 554, 555. 

Descriptions, 101, 102, 103, 104,

464, 627.

Pumping, 102, 464. 

Temperatures, 102. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 627. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Mud volcanoes, 106, 475. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 106, 552, 553, 

555, 622, 624, 625, 627, 649. 

Porosity of rocks, 627. 

Principal publication :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Solfataras, 106, 627. 

Solution features, 627. 

Springs r

Mineral springs, descriptions, 627,

649.

Thermal springs, 399, 627, 649. 

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 399. 

Descriptions, 627. 

Discharge, 273.

Temperature, increase with depth, 627, 

Underground waters : 

Absence of, 624. 

Circulation, 624, 627. 

Composition, 627. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 25, 626, 627. 

Gravel, 399. 

Temperature, 627. 

Work of:

Alteration of rock, 624, 627. 

Decomposition of rock, 552. 

Siliciflcation of rock, 624. 

Uses of underground waters, wells: 

Irrigation, 25. 

Public supplies, 626. 

Veins, part of underground waters in

formation of, 624, 626. 

Water table, depth, 471. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 105

New Brunswick, cementation of rocks, 349. 

New Hampshire. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Mineral springs, list of, 198. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 198. 

Water resources of the Portsmouth-Fork region, New Hampshire and Maine, 608. 

Underground waters: 

Descriptions, 198. 

Occurrence: 

Drift, 608. 

Joints, 608. 

Purification, 693. 

Uses of underground waters :

Springs, private supplies, 198. 

Wells:

Manufacturing, 198. 

Resorts, 198. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 608. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

New Jersey.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 363. 

Cementation of rocks by underground

waters, 349.

Faults, relation to occurrence of underground waters, 363. 

Mineral springs, list of, 363. 

Mineral waters:

Descriptions, 371. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Porosity of sands, 368. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United 

1 States, 89.

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 363. 

Water resources of central and 

southwestern Highlands of New 

Jersey, 371. 

Seepage, 371. 

Springs :

Analyses, 371. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 363. 

Composition, 371. 

Occurrence:

Formations:

Chesapeake, 363. 

Clay-marl, 363. 

Cohansey, 363. 

Kirkwood, 363. 

Lower marl, 363. 

Matawan, 363. 

Middle marl, 363.

New Jersey Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued.

Formations Continued. 

Raritan, 363. 

Redbank, 363. 

Stockton beds, 363. 

Materials :

Crystalline rocks, 363. 

Gravel, 171. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 363. 

Triassic, 363. 

Uses of underground waters :

Springs, public supplies, 371. 

Wells:

Factory supplies, 149, 171.

Irrigation, 492, 678. .

Public supplies, 142, 363, 371,

492, 674. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 363,

492.

Wells in general: 

Analyses, 674. 

Descriptions, 89, 171, 369,

407, 674. 

Discharge, 674. 

Pumping, 149. 

Records, 369, 407, 674. 

Statistics, 89, 363, 369, 407. 

New Mexico.

Artesian basin, 304.

Artesian conditions, 304.

Artesian prospects, 354.

Artesian waters, 309.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, SJ), 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publication.

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Springs, agency in supply of lake, 85. 

Subsurface dams, 245. 

Underflow, 245, 246. 

Underground waters: 

Movements, 152. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 304. 

Formations, Re<J Beds, 85, 354. 

Materials: * 

Gravel, 354. 

Sandstone, 354. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 354. 

Wells:

Descriptions, 89, 354, 407, 675. 

Pumping, 602. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 304, 407. 

Temperatures, 675. 

New Richmond sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

New South Wales.

Artesian areas", 535.

Bibliography containing references to 

underground waters, 535.
106 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

New South Wales Continued. 

Caves, limestone, 172. 

Underground streams, 172. 

Use of artesian wells for water power,

73. 

New York.

Artesian basins : 

Freeville, 697. 

Ithaca, 697. 

Artesian flows, unusual types of, 189,

206. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 689. 

Brines :

Descriptions, 174, 697. 

Occurrence of bromine, 459. 

Cementation of rocks by underground

waters, 249. 

Deposits, springs, 281. 

Laws relating to underground waters,

136, 143. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 111. 

Principal publications :

Hydrology of the State of New

York, 546. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

New artesian well supply at Ithaca. 697. 

Underground waters of Eastern

United States, 689. 

Water resources of the Fort Ticonderoga quadrangle, Vermont 

and New York, 83. 

Water resources of the Taconic 

quadrangle. New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, 657. 

Water resources of the Watkins

Glen quadrangle, 656. 

Seepage from canal, 546. 

Seepage from reservoir, 143. 

Seepage of underground waters into

sewers, 268. 

Solution features, 367. 

Springs :

Carbon dioxide springs, descriptions, 491. 

Mineral springs :

Descriptions, 356. 

List of, 689. 

Statistics, 689. 

Thermal springs, 689. 

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 281. 

Descriptions, 83. 

Discharge, 281.

Underflow, measurement of, 602. 

Underdrainage of buildings, 134. 

Underground waters :

Composition, 31, 281, 656, 689, 692. 

Contamination, 393, 697. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 546, 657, 692.

New York; Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued. 

Formations :

Genesee, 356. 

Potsdam, 689. 

Trenton, 689. 

Joints, 192. 

Materials :

Crystalline rocks, 192,

689.

Diabase, 689. 

Drift, 148, 157, 189, 356,

656, 689, 697. 

Shale, 356, 689. 

Systems:

Cambrian, 689. 

Cretaceous, 689. 

Devonian, 356, 689. 

Ordovician, 689. i 

Pre-Cambrian, 689. 

Silurian, 689. 

Triassic, 689.

Work of, in replacement, 616. 

Uses of underground waters: 

Springs :

Irrigation, 676.

Medicinal, 689.

Private supplies, 689.

Public supplies, 159, 546,

689.

Water power, 689. 

Wells :

Creameries, 689.

Private supplies, 689.

Public supplies, 157, 159,

224, 546, 656, 697. 

Pumping oil wells, 689. 

Sanitariums, 689. 

Water table : 

Depth, 17.

Effect of sewage disposal on, 17. 

Fluctuation, 135, 546. 

Noneffect of filtration plant on

level of, 129.

Nonfluctuation of, 17. ' 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 356,

656, 689. 

Wells in general:

Analyses, 546, 656, 697.

Capacity, 697.

Construction, 224.

Contamination, 9.

Cost, 224.

Descriptions, 9, 82, 89, 407,

546, 689, 697. 

Discharge, 656, 689, 697. 

Records, 192, 279, 280, 355,

407, 697.

Statistics, 89, 280, 407. 

Temperatures, 697. 

Wells, interpretation of geology from,
UNITED STATES IlSF 1905. 107

"T ew Zealand. 

Geysers, 343.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 499. 

"T ewark system. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

" T iagara limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

" T icaragua.

Mine waters, hot, 691, 

Solfataras, 691. 

'"orth Carolina.

Bibliographies containing references 

to underground waters, 89, 200, 204. 

Law regarding pollution of underground waters, 510. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground water in formation of, 539. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 200. 

Water resources of the Co wee and

Pisgah quadrangles, 218. 

Sink holes, 496. 

Springs :

Mineral springs:

Descriptions, 218. 

List of, 200. 

Springs in general:

Descriptions, 218, 347. 

Relation to faults, 218. 

Underground waters:

Circulation, 347, 539.

Occurrence in Potomac formation,

200. 

Work of:

Alteration of rock, 347, 539. 

Chloritization, 539. 

Decomposition, 347. 

Leaching, 539. 

Serpentinization, 539. 

Uses of underground waters, wells,

public supplies, 442. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, 200. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

^T orth Dakota.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

Castleton-Fargo folio, 247.

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Springs, descriptions, 247, 701. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence:

Dakota sandstone, 247. 

Drift, 247.

North Dakota Continued. 

Wells:

Analyses, 370. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 247, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 247, 407.

O.

Oases, part of underground waters in formation of, Sahara, 346. 

Ogalalla formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Ohio.

Bibliographies conta'uing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 396. 

Brine or salt springs, descriptions, 39. 

Brines:

Descriptions, 396. 

Occurrence of bromine in, 459. 

Caves, gypsum, 366, 367. 

Filtering gallery, description, 231. 

Mineral springs, list of, 396. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 396. 

Springs, descriptions, 396. 

Underground waters: 

Composition, 396. 

Occurrence:

Formations: 

Berea, 396. 

Clinton, 396. 

Corniferous, 396. 

Logan, 396. 

Niagara, 396. 

Onondaga, 396. 

Trenton, 396. 

Material, drift, 396. 

System, Carboniferous, 396. 

Uses of underground waters, wells,

public supplies, 231, 393. 

Well prospects, 396. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, 396. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 39, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Oil pools, relation to brines, Texas and

Louisiana, 460.

Oil wells, occurrence of underground waters in, Colorado, 175. 

Oklahoma.

Absorption of water by sands, 228a. 

Absorption of water of streams, 228a. 

Artesian conditions, 228a. 

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Brine springs, 326. 

Brines, 228a.

Mineral waters, production and value, 

100, 527.
108 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Oklahoma Continued.

Principal publications:

Geology and water resources of

Oklahoma, 228a. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Solution features:

Caves, gypsum, 228a. 

Sink holes, 228a. 

Springs:

Mineral springs, 228a. 

Springs in general:

Analyses, 184, 228a. 

Classification, 228a. 

Descriptions, 228a. 

Underflow, 228a. 

Underground waters: 

Composition, 228a. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 228a. 

Formations:

Arbuckle, 228a. 

Enid, 228a. 

Greer, 228a. 

Quartermaster, 228a. 

Red Beds, 228a. 

Whitehorn, 228a. 

Materials:

Alluvium, 228a. 

Conglomerate, 228a. 

Granite, 228a. 

Porphyry, 228a. 

Systems:

Carboniferous, 228a. 

Cretaceous, 228a. 

Tertiary, 228a.

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs :

Irrigation, 228a. 

Public supplies, 228a. 

Wells, irrigation, 228a. 

Wells :

Analysis, 184, 228a, 244. 

Contamination, 398. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 228a, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 228a, 407.

Onandaga limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Oneota limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Ontario, ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 62, 276, 278. 

Ordovician system. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Ore deposits:

Occurrence in caverns, Texas, 534. 

Part of geysers in formation of,

France, 684. 

Part of solfataric waters in formation

of, Nevada, 106.

Part of springs in formation of 

Georgia, 684. 

Mexico, 516. 

General, 684.

Part of underground waters in 

alteration of, 617.

Ore deposits Continued.

Part of underground waters in formation of 

Alabama, 40, 49. 

Arizona, 78, 401, 405. 

Arkansas, 684. 

British Columbia, 55. 

California, 233, 239, 648. 

Colorado, 117, 238, 327, 328, 463,

582, 628. 

Connecticut, 111. 

France, 684. 

Georgia, 684. 

Gold Coast, 579. 

Illinois, 12, 13, 14. 

Kentucky, 14, 614. 

Massachusetts, 111. 

Mexico. 68, 269, 351, 372. 

Michigan, 391, 392. 

Minnesota, 391, 392, 716. 

Missouri, 592. 

Montana, 105, 582, 627. 

Nevada, 106, 552, 553, 555, 622,

624, 625, 627, 649. 

New York, 111. 

New Zealand, 499. 

North Carolina. 539. 

Ontario, 62, 276, 278. 

Rhodesia, 122. 

Spain, 232. 

Texas, 74. 

Transvaal, 259. 

Utah, 32, 33, 35. 

Wisconsin, 113, 391, 392. 

General, 15, 56, 109, 119, 123, 271,

352, 353, 374, 400, 477, 484,

517, 521, 526, 550, 623, 644, 685.

Oregon.

Artesian areas, 569.

Artesian conditions, 569.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications:

Geology and water resources of

central Oregon, 569. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Springs :

Thermal springs, 509. 

Springs in general, 569. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 569. 

Work of, in induration, 569. 

Uses of underground waters, wells: 

Irrigation, 569. 

Private supplies, 569. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, 569. 

Horizontal wells, 569. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407, 569. 

Records, 407, 569. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

Organic remains, preservation of, by underground waters, 373.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 109

Oriskany sandstone. See Underground 

waters, occurrence of.

Overdevelopment of underground waters. 

California, 161, 163.

OxidatLes. See Alteration; also Underground waters, work of.

P.

Pahasapa limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Pamunkey formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Parma sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Pegmatite, part of underground waters in 

formation of North Carolina and Tennessee, 347. 

Pennsylvania.

Artesian conditions, 58.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 199, 204. 

Brines:

Descriptions, 199. 

Occurrence of bromine in, 459. 

Cementation by underground waters,

349.

Failure of springs and wells, 504. 

Mine waters, analyses, 341. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 199. 

Water resources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, 638.

Water resources of the Curwensville, Patton, Bbensburg, and 

Barnesboro quadrangles, 58. 

Water resources of the Elders

Ridge quadrangle, 635. 

Water resources of the Pawpaw 

and Hancock quadrangles, West 

Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, 639. 

Water resources of the Waynesburg quadrangle, 636. 

Seepage of underground waters into

sewers, 268. 

Springs : Mineral springs:

Analyses, 58. »- 

Descriptions, 58. 

List of, 199. 

Springs in general:

Descriptions, 633, 634, 635,

636, 638. 

Underground waters:

Artificial storage of, 498. 

Circulation, 199. 

Composition, 199. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 268, 639,

Pennsylvania Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence Continued.

Formations and members:

Lower Helderberg, 199. 

Mahoning sandstone, 634.

635.

Medina, 199. 

Oriskany, 199. 

Pittsburg sandstone, 634,

635.

Trenton, 199. 

Upper Washington limestone, 636. 

Materials:

Crystalline rocks, 199. 

Drift, 199, 635, 636. 

Limestone, 199, 638. 

Sandstone, 638. 

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs:

Private supplies, 638. 

Public supplies, 58, 638. 

Resorts, 638, 664. 

Wells, public supplies, 58, 632, 635,

636. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 58. 

Wells in general:

Contamination, 434. 

Descriptions, 89, 407, 462,

633, 636.

Distribution, 199. 

Fluctuation of water, 222. 

Records, 407, 632, 633. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Pentremital limestone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Percolation. See Seepage.

Permeability.

Artificial dikes, Massachusetts, 151. 

Rocks:

Colorado, 46.

General, 197. 

Sands, New Jersey, 368.

Persia.

Absorption of water by gravels, 301. 

Absorption of water of streams, 301. 

Brines, 301. 

Uses of underground waters :

Drainage tunnels, irrigation, 301.

Springs, irrigation, 301. 

Wells, descriptions, 298. 

Peru.

Bureau of underground waters, 584. 

Deposits, springs, 430. 

Thermal ^prings, 430. 

Philippine Isla|nds.

Infiltration of underground waters into

sewers, 153, 302. 

Mineral waters, general, 669. 

Solfataras, 669. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, 669.

Thermal springs, 669.
110 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Philippine Islands Continued. 

Springs Continued.

Springs in general :

Relation to geologic structure, 669. 

Temperature, 669. 

Underground waters, work Of, 669. 

Uses of underground waters, springs: 

v Medicinal, 669.

Public supplies, 631. 

Volcanic water, 669. 

Pitch springs, Utah, 34. 

Pitkin limestone. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Pittsburg sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Platteville limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Pleasanton formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Pleistocene. See Underground waters, occurrence of, materials, drift; and Systems, Quaternary. 

Pollution of underground waters. See

Contamination.

Pontchartrain clay. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Porosity.

Rocks, Nevada, 627. 

Sands, New Jersey, 368. 

Soils, 360.

Stream deposits, California, 252. 

General, 441.

Porphyry. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Porters Creek clay. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Potomac formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Potsdam sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Power. See Uses of underground waters. 

Pressure, atmospheric, effect on water level

in wells, 585. 

Production of mineral waters. See Mineral

waters, production. 

Public supplies. See Uses of underground

waters. 

Publications relating to underground waters.

See Bibliographies.

Pumping and other methods of lifting water.

Mine waters :

California, 45.

Nevada, 101,102, 103, 104, 464. 

Wells :

Cost:

Arizona, 387. 

Texas, 603, 718. 

Descriptions :

Arizona, 387.

Arkansas, 652.

California, 133, 150, 383, 384.

452, 453, 454, 562, 698. 

China, 5.

Colorado, 640, 662. 

Illinois, 436, 437.

Pumping and other methods of lifting water- Continued. 

Wells Continued.

Descriptions Continued. 

Kansas, 640, 662, 719. 

Louisiana, 558. 

Missouri, 578. 

Nebraska, 640. 

New Jersey, 149. 

New Mexico, 602, 676. 

Sahara, 345. 

Tennessee, 145. 

Texas, 36, 315, 325, 602, 603,

651, 662.

General, 173, 317, 662, 718. 

Methods :

Compressed air, California,

16, 65.

Windmills, Texas, 81. 

General :

California, 178. 

Kansas, 254. 

Louisana, 256. 

General, 709.

Underground waters in general: 

Effect on level of water table : 

Australia, 406. 

California, 178. 

Kansas, 125. 

Michigan, 146.

Purification of spring water by copper sulphate, 4.

Purification of underground waters, wells : 

Germany, 590. 

Missouri, 503. 

New Hampshire, 693.

Pyrite deposits, relation to composition . of 

underground waters, North Carolina, 218.

Q.

Quality of underground waters. See Composition or quality. 

Quarry waters.

Connecticut, 195, 545. 

Georgia, 684.

Quarrying, effect on flow of wells, Michigan, 209. 

Quartermaster formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Quartz veins, part of underground waters

in formation of, 476.

Quartzite. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Quaternary system. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Quebec. Use of underground waters,

springs, public supplies, 332. 

Queensland.

Uses of underground waters, artesian 

wells :

Irrigation, 494. 

Water power, 73. 

Wells :

Discharge, 242. 

Statistics, 242.

Quicksand. See Underground waters, occurrence of, materials, drift, and sand.
IN" UNITED STATES IN 1905. Ill

R.

Radio-active gases in mineral springs, 589. 

Radio-active waters. 

Connecticut, 230. 

Missouri, 578.

Radium in spring deposits, Colorado, 246. 

Rainfall.

Effect on flow of wells, Michigan, 209,

211.

Effect on level of water table, Massachusetts, 151.

Relation of underground waters to, 197. 

Raising water. See pumping. 

Raritan formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Reclamation fund, use for construction of

artesian wells, 501. 

Reclamation Service, work on underground

waters, 680. 

Records.

Wells and borings:

Collection of, by U. S. Geological

Survey, 193, 680. 

Importance and value of, 193,195,

439.

Methods of keeping, 596. 

References to, 89. 

Localities :

Alabama, 49, 407.

Alaska, 424, 425.

Arizona, 407.

Arkansas, 407.

Brazil, 41.

British Columbia, 114.

California, 252, 407, 455.

Colorado, 87, 407.

Connecticut, 407, 545.

Cuba, 196.

Delaware, 407.

District of Columbia, 407.

Florida, 407.

Georgia, 407, 439.

Idaho, 407.

Illinois, 12. 407.

Indian Territory, 407.

Indiana, 27, 28, 37, 362, 407.

Iowa, 407, 417, 667, 706.

Kansas, 87, 40T.

Kentucky, 407.

Louisiana, 71, 256, 407.

Maine, 407.

Maryland, 407.

Massachusetts, 407, 545.

Michigan, 70, 381, 407.

Minnesota, 247, 407.

Mississippi, 77, 407, 411.

Missouri, 407, 577.

Montana, 407.

Nebraska, 87, 407.

Nevada, 407.

New Hampshire, 407.

New Jersey, 369, 407, 674.

New Mexico, 407.

New York, 192, 279, 280, 355,

407, 697. 

North Carolina, 407,

Records Continued.

Wells and borings Continued. 

Localities Continued.

North Dakota, 247, 407. 

Ohio, 39, 407. 

Oklahoma, 228a, 407. 

Oregon, 407, 569. 

Pennsylvania, 407, 632, 633. 

Rhode Island, 407. 

South Carolina, 407. 

South Dakota, 87, 407. 

Tennessee, 407. 

Texas, 36, 407, 559. 

Utah, 34, 407. 

Vermont, 407. 

Virginia, 407. 

Washington, 6, 407. 

West Virginia, 407. 

Wisconsin, 407. 

Wyoming, 87, 407.

Redbank formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Relation of underground waters to flow of

streams, 38. 

Replacement, par"t of underground waters

in, 517, 616.

Resorts. See Uses of underground waters. 

Return seepage. 

Descriptions:

California, 178, 455. 

Colorado, 661, 662. 

Nebraska, 168, 661, 662. 

Wyoming, 662. 

Relation to water rights, Colorado and

Nebraska, 445. 

Rhode Island.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 79, 204. 

Mineral springs, list of, 79. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 79.

Underground waters, occurrence of: 

Conglomerate, 79. 

Drift, 79. 

Wells :

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Rhodesia, ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 122. 

Ripley formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Russia, brines, occurrence in oil wells, 514.

S.

Sabine formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Sahara.

Artesian boring, history, 346.

Underground streams, 346.

Underground waters, analyses, 345.
112 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Sahara Continued.

Uses of underground waters :

Underground streams, in formation of oases, 346. 

Wells, irrigation, 528. 

Wells :

Construction, 346. 

Descriptions, 345, 346, 528. 

Raising water, 345.

St. Louis formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

St. Peters sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Salina formation. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Salt springs. See Brine springs. 

Salt waters. See Brines. 

Samples from wells, collection of, by U. S.

Geological Survey, 193, 670, 680. 

Sand. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Sand-dunes, occurrence of underground waters in, Holland, 431.

Sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. * 

Schistose plains, relation to circulation of 

underground waters, North Carolina and 

Tennessee, 347.

Screens, use of. in wells, Louisiana, 256. 

Sea mills of Cephalonia, 431, 433. 

Seepage.

Effect on stream flow, 243. 

Injurious effects : 

Arizona, 385. 

California, 284, 383. 

General, 698. 

Measurements of: 

Montana, 11. 

Nebraska, 182. 

Wyoming, 181, 182. 

Relation to irrigation : 

Colorado, 282. 

Nebraska, 429.

Relation to mining operations, 107. 

Relation to water table, California,

383.

General discussions: 

Alaska, 425. 

Arizona, 283. 

California, 26, 283, 384. 

Louisiana, 256. 

Nebraska, 429. 

New Jersey, 371. 

Turkestan, 97. 

Utah, 574. 

Washington, 379. 

General, 3, 197, 388.

Seepage from canals and irrigation ditches. 

California, 563. 

Idaho, 84. 

Italy, 444. 

Nebraska, 182. 

New York, 546. 

Washington, 681. 

Wyoming, 181, 182. 

General, 662.

Seepage from canals, law relating to, Wyoming, 164.

Seepage from reservoir. 

New York, 143. 

Wyoming, 703.

Seepage investigations, Arizona, 273. 

Seepage of underground waters into sewers. 

See Infiltration of underground waters 

into sewers.

Seepage, return. See Return seepage. 

Serpentinization, part of underground waters in, North Carolina, 539. 

Severn formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Shakopee fissured limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Shale. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Silicification of rock, part of underground 

waters in 

California, 648. 

Nevada, 624. 

Silurian systems. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Sink holes. See Solution features. 

Sinter. See Deposits, springs. 

Softening of well waters, Iowa, 365. 

Solfataras.

Nevada, 627. 

Nicaragua, 691. 

Philippine Islands, 669. 

Solfataric waters, work of, in formation of

ore deposits, Nevada, 106. 

Solution features. 

Caves:

Gypsum caves:

Ohio, 366, 367. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Texas, 559, 560. 

Ice caves, 588. 

Limestone caves: 

Belgium, 180. 

Bermuda Islands, 22, 422. 

British Columbia, 217. 

Cuba, 196. 

Florida, 112, 556. 

Georgia, 440. 

Kentucky, 289, 557. 

Missouri, 519, 520, 566, 597. 

New South Wales, 172. 

Texas, 559, 560. 

Sink holes :

Bermuda Islands, 22, 422. 

Florida, 556. 

Georgia, 11C. 

Kentucky, £57, 614, 668. 

Missouri, 5[ 9, 566, 592. 

North Carolina, 496. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

South Dak* ta, 551. 

Tennessee, 496. 

Solution features in general: 

Alabama, 606. 

Arkansas, 542. 

Florida, 201. 

Georgia, 489, 441.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 113

Solution features Continued.

Solution features in general Cont'd. 

Illinois, 12, 13. 

Indiana, 385. 

Kentucky, 557. 

Michigan, 367, 570, 571. 

Missouri, 593. 

Nevada, 627. 

New York, 367. 

Ohio, 366, 367. 

South Dakota, 551. 

Spain, 571. 

Virginia, 571. 

Solution features, deposition of ores in.

Illinois, 12.

Solution of salt beds, Arizona, 90. 

Sour waters, Texas, 176. 

South Africa, need of wells, 493. 

South Australia, wells, descriptions, 139. 

South Carolina.

Artesian waters, 226.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204, 226. 

Brines, 226. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 226. 

Springs, descriptions, 226. 

Underground waters :

Contamination, 226. 

Composition, 226. 

Circulation, 226. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 21. 

Formations :

Columbia, 226. 

Lafayette, 226. 

Potomac, 226. 

Materials :

Buhrstone, 226. 

Crystalline rocks, 226. 

Diorite, 226. 

Granite, 226. 

Sandstone, 226. 

Systems :

Cretaceous, 226. 

Newark, 226. 

Tertiary, 226. 

Temperature, 226. 

Uses of underground waters :

Springs, private supplies, 226. 

Wells, public supplies, 226. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 21. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 226, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 226, 407. 

South Dakota.

Artesian conditions, 86, 87. 

Artesian water map, 94.

South Dakota Continued.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Mine waters, 637. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Principal publications: 

Aladdin folio, 94. 

Geology and water resources of

the central Great Plains, 87. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Sundance folio, 86. 

Sink holes, 551. 

Springs :

Composition, 551. 

Descriptions, 86. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 87. 

Formations : 

, Chadron, 87.

Dakota, 86, 87, 94. 

Deadwood, 86, 94. 

Lakota, 86, 94. 

Minnekahta, 86. 

Minnelusa, 86, 87, 94. 

Pahasapa, 86, 87, 94,

551. 

Systems:

Carboniferous, 87. 

Cretaceous, 87. 

Tertiary, 87, 551. 

Uses of underground waters: 

Tunnels, mill supply, 474. 

Wells, irrigation, 311. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 87,

431. 

Wells in general:

Composition, 551. 

Conditions relative to, 94. 

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 87, 407. 

Statistics, 87, 89, 407. 

Spain.

Ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 232. 

Solution features, 571. » 

Spring and gas-vent theory regarding origin of natural mounds, Louisiana, 673. 

Spring conduits, deposition of ores in, Mexico, 516. 

Spring waters, thermal, magmatic origin of,

276.

Springs, analyses. See Analyses, springsSprings, artificial stoppage of, Egypt, 144. 

Springs.

Classification:

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Geueral, 257. 

Construction:

Fountain or geyser springs, 207,

213. 

Intermittent springs, 207.

IRR 163 06 8
114 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Springs Continued.

Composition. See Composition, springs. 

Contamination. See Contamination,

springs.

Deposits. See Deposits, springs. 

Descriptions and statistics :

Cavern springs, Georgia, 439, 684. 

Fissure springs, Idaho, 306. 

Gas springs :

Alaska, 424. 

Texas, 176. 

Washington, 379. 

Mineral springs, types : 

Brine or salt springs :

Arizona, 90.

Arkansas, 647.

Indian Territory, 647.

Kansas, 87.

Ohio, 39.

Oklahoma, 226, 228a.

Philippine Islands, 669.

Utah, 420.

Wyoming, 87. 

Carbonate springs:

New York, 491.

North Carolina, 218. 

Chalybeate springs :

Georgia, 439. 

North Carolina, 218. 

Oil springs :

Alaska, 424.

Utah, 420.

Pitch springs, Utah, 34. 

Siliceous springs, Philippine

Islands, 669. 

Sulphur springs :

Arkansas, 543, 647.

Florida, 201.

Indian Territory, 647.

New York, 356, 689.

North Carolina, 218.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Philippine Islands, 669. 

Tar springs, Texas, 176. 

Mineral springs in general:

Alabama, 606.

Arizona, 402.

Arkansas, 542.

California, 682.

Connecticut, 230.

Cuba, 196.

District of Columbia, 92.

Florida, 201.

Georgia, 429, 441.

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 395.

Iowa, 511.

Kentucky, 227.

Louisiana, 671.

Maine, 18.

Maryland, 91.

Massachusetts, 79, 657.

Michigan, 202.

Minnesota, 248.

Mississippi, 337.

Missouri, 593.

Nevada, 627, 649.

New Hampshire, 198.

Springs Continued.

Descriptions and statistics Cont'd. 

Mineral springs, types Cont'd. 

Mineral springs in general 

Continued.

New Jersey, 363, 371.

New York, 356, 491, 689.

North Carolina, 200.

Ohio, 396.

Pennsylvania, 199.

Philippine Islands, 669.

Rhode Island, 79.

South Carolina, 226.

Tennessee, 227.

Vermont, 532.

West Virginia, 203.

Wisconsin, 581. 

Mound springs, Utah, 34. 

Submarine springs. See Submarine springs. 

Thermal springs :

Arizona, 330, 403. 

Arkansas, 688. 

Georgia, 688. 

Idaho, 306. 

Montana, 627. 

Nevada, 399, 627, 649. 

New York, 689. 

Oregon, 569. 

Peru, 430.

Philippine Islands, 669. 

Southern United States, 688. 

Utah, 52. 

Virginia, 93, 497. 

Washington, 51. 

West Virginia, 203. 

Windward Islands, 271. 

Springs in general: 

Alabama, 49, 250. 

Arizona, 405. 

Arkansas, 2, 210, 542, 543. 

California, 69, 96, 473, 648. 

China, 299. 

Colorado, 87, 264, 377. 

Cuba, 196. 

Egypt, 144. 

Georgia, 249. 

Germany, 43. 

Idaho, 84, 306. 

Indiana, 20. 

Kansas, 421, 615. 

Kentucky, 7. 

Korea, 297. 

Maine, 18. 

Maryland, 91. 

Michigan, 720. 

Minnesota, 247. 

Mississippi, 337. 

Missouri, 210, 272, 520, 566,

577, 592, 593, 615. 

Nevada, 627. 

New Mexico, 85. 

New York, 83. 

North Carolina, 218, 347. 

North Dakota, 247, 701. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Oregon, 569. 

Pennsylvania, 58, 638.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 115

Springs Continued.

Descriptions and statistics Cont'd. 

Springs in general Continued. 

South Dakota, 86. 

Southern Appalachians, 540. 

Tennessee, 227, 347. 

Texas, 36, 81, 137, 573, 660. 

Turkestan, 300. 

Utah, 32, 52, 98. 

Vermont, 83. 

Virginia, 93, 378. 

Washington, 379. 

West Virginia, 8, 639. 

Wisconsin, 229. 

Wyoming, 86.

Discharge. See Discharge, springs. 

Discharge of sand and gravel from,

594. 

Distribution:

Arizona, 403. 

California, 331. 

Indiana, 395. 

Iowa, 706. 

Maryland, 426, 427. 

West Virginia, 427. 

. Origin :

Arkansas, 684. 

California, 331. 

Idaho, 84. 

General, 470. 

Purification, 4. 

Radio-active properties: 

Arkansas, 29. 

Missouri, 578. 

General, 589.

Relation to dikes, Colorado, 375. 

Relation to faults: 

Colorado, 463. 

Connecticut, 230. 

Kansas, 615. 

Massachusetts, 657. 

Michigan, 720. 

Missouri, 615. 

North Carolina, 218. 

Wyoming, 72. 

Relation of fissures: 

Mexico, 714. 

General, 687. 

Temperature :

Arkansas, 29. 

Virginia, 497. 

Uses. See Uses of underground waters,

springs. 

Work of:

Cementation of conglomerate, Indiana, 461.

Formation of ore deposits : 

France, 684. 

Georgia, 684. 

General, 521. 

General papers:

Algous growth in, work of W. A.

Setchell on, 679. 

Economic value of, Germany, 43. 

Effect on vegetation, Indiana, 461. 

Effect of artesian wells, Texas, 50. 

Effect on health, Arkansas, 490.

Springs Continued.

General papers Continued. 

Failure of, general, 696. 

Folios relating to, 262. 

Geology of:

Arkansas, 688. 

Philippine Islands, 669. 

General, 24, 213.

Influence on underground temperature, 443.

Laws regarding pollution of: 

North Carolina, 510. 

General, 23, 228.

Relation to forests, Southern Appalachians, 540.

General discussion of, 197, 257. 

Springs in mining districts, 500. 

Statistics.

Discharge. See Discharge. 

Mineral water production and value. 

See Mineral waters, production and 

value.

Springs. See Springs. 

Wells. See Wells. 

Stockbridge dolomite. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Stockton beds. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Storage of underground waters by forests,

709. 

Stovepipe method of well construction, 364,

600, 602. 

Streams, underground. See Underground

streams and channels. 

Structures.

Infiltration or collecting galleries: 

France, 225. 

Mexico, 177. 

Ohio, 231. 

Wyoming, 703. 

General, 223.

Collecting tunnels, California, 408. 

Subsurface dams : 

California, 60. 

New Mexico, 245. 

Wyoming, 703. 

Subirrigation, injurious effect of, Colorado,

698.

Sublacustrine springs, Michigan, 711. 

Submarine springs : 

Cuba, 196, 275. 

Florida, 275, 431. 

Hawaiian Islands, 275. 

Subterranean streams. See Underground

streams. 

Sucarnochee formation. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Sundance formation. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Switzerland.

Thermal waters in the Simplon tunnel, 

47, 66, 67, 120, 127, 130, 138, 357, 

358, 359, 465, 469, 482, 489, 495, 

576, 587, 665.

Sylvania sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.
116 INDEX TO UNDEEGEOUND-WATEE LITEEATUEE

T.

Tallahatta buhrstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Tar springs. See Springs, tar. 

Tasmania, mine waters, descriptions, 124. 

Temperature of underground waters. 

Mine waters :

Nevada, 101, 102. 

General, 481. 

Springs :

Arkansas, 29, 688. 

Oregon, 569. 

Philippine Islands, 669. 

Virginia, 497. 

West Virginia, 639. 

Wells :

Cuba, 196. 

Iowa. 518. 

New Mexico, 675. 

New York, 697. 

Queensland, 244. 

South Australia, 139. 

Vermont, 83.

Underground waters in general: 

Arizona, 405. 

California, 455. 

Connecticut, 230. 

England, 30. 

Italy, 120, 359, 48.9. 

Montana, 627. 

Nevada, 627. 

Soutb Carolina, 226. 

Switzerland, 120, 359, 489. 

General, 197. 

General papers :

Atmospheric temperature, effect

on wells, 585.

Increase witb deptb, Nevada, 627. 

Influence of alteration of rocks

on, 443. 

Subterranean temperatures, plan

 for determination of, 241. 

Underground temperatures, general, 443. 

Use in estimating deptb of wells,

380. 

Tennessee.

Bibliographies containing references 

to underground waters, 89, 204, 227. 

Brines, 227. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 227. 

Sink holes, 496. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, 227, 

Springs in general: 

Descriptions, 227. 

Occurrence, 347. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 347. 

Composition, 227.

Tennessee Continued.

Underground waters Continued. 

Occurrence:

Formations : 

Knox, 227. 

Lafayette, 227. 

Liguitic, 227. 

Porters Creek, 227. 

Ripley, 227. 

Systems :

Carboniferous, 227. 

Cretaceous, 227. 

Devonian, 227. 

Silurian, 227 

Tertiary, 227. 

Work of:

Alteration of rock, 437. 

Decomposition of rock, 437. 

Formation of natural bridges,

59.

Uses of underground waters, springs : 

Medicinal, 227. 

Resorts, 227. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 227,

594. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 227, 407. 

Pumping, 145. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Tertiary system. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Test wells, use in measurement of underflow, 599. '

Testing underflow. See Underflow, measurement of.

Testing wells. See Wells, testing. 

Texas.

Artesian water, occurrence of, descriptions, 559. 

Bibliographies, containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Brines, agency in formation of oil and

gas pools, 460. 

Brines, occurrence in oil wells, 176,

514.

Caves, gypsum, 559, 560. 

Deposits by evaporation of ground water, 560. 

Mineral waters :

Descriptions, 560. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 74. 

Principal publications :

Irrigation in southern Texas, 36. 

Irrigation investigations in western Texas, 81. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Observations on the ground waters 

of the Rio Grande Valley, 603. 

Springs :

Descriptions, 36, 81, 573, 660. 

Discharge, 660. 

Underflow, 246, 603.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 117

Texas Continued.

Underground channels in gypsum, 559. 

Underground waters: 

Analyses, 603. 

Conditions, 361. 

Evaporation, 560. 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 36, 325, 361,

515, 560, 573. 

Materials :

Limestone, 36. 

Sand, 36. 

Sandstone, 36.

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs :

Irrigation, 36, 50, 81, 137,

141, 658, 698. 

Public supplies, 36, 50. 

Wells:

Irrigation, 19, 36, 50, 81, 141, 

185, 287, ,315, 318, 319, 

320, 322, 323, 325, 530, 

651, 659, 698.

Public supplies, 50. ^ 

Water table:

Fluctuation, 603. 

Relation to salt deposits, 559. 

Well irrigation, cost of, 36. 

Wells :

Artesian wells : 

Cost, 662. 

Descriptions, 36, 316, 322, 323,

515. 

Wells in general:

Construction, 36, 60S.' 

Cost of pumping, 603, 651. 

Descriptions, 89, 318, 319,

321, 407, 573, 659. 

Effect on flow of springs, 50. 

Pumping, 36, 81, 315, 603,

651, 662.

Records, 36, 407, 559. 

Statistics, 36, 89, 407. 

Testing, 325, 602.

Therapeutic value of mineral waters, 706. 

Therapeutics. See Uses of underground waters.

Thermal springs. See Springs, thermal. 

Thermal waters, ascent along fault, Arizona,

78.

Thermal wells. See Wells, thermal wells. 

Third Magnesian limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Tides, effect on fluctuation of wells, Japan,

654. 

Transvaal, ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 259. 

Trap. See Underground waters, occurrence

of, diabase.. 

Traverse series. See Underground waters,

occurrence of.

Travertine. See Deposits, springs. 

Treriton limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Triassic system. See Underground waters,

occurrence of. 

Tufa. See Deposits, springs.

Tuff. See Underground waters, occurrence

of. 

Turkestan.

Absorption of streams by desert sands,

541.

Artesian conditions, 300. 

Seepage waters, 97. 

Springs, descriptions, 300. 

Underground waters, occurrence of,

gravel, 300.

Uses of underground waters, springs : 

Irrigation, 97. 

Public supplies, 97. 

Wells, descriptions, 97

Tuscaloosa formation. See Underground 

waters, occurrence of.

U.

Underdrainage of alkali lands. 

Arizona, 698. 

California, 698, 708. 

Montana, 698, 708. 

Utah, 698, 708. 

Washington, 698, 708. 

General, 709.

Underdrainage of buildings, New York, 134. 

Underdrainage of deserts by sandstone, 99. 

Underdrainage of ponds by wells, 285. 

Underdrainage of soils, 3, 332a. 

Underdrainage of swamps by wells. 

Iowa, 450. 

Virginia, 378. 

Underflow, availability of, for irrigation,

Nevada, 25. 

Underflow.

Descriptions :

Arizona, 387. 

Arkansas, 604. 

New Mexico, 245, 246. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Texas, 246, 603. 

Measurements and tests :

California, 140, 252, 602. 

New York, 602. 

General, 312, 599, 679. 

Underflow, work on, by Reclamation Service,

Kansas, 680.

Underflow meter, 252, 602. 

Underground streams and channels. 

Algeria, 346. 

Arizona, 288, 387. 

Arkansas, 2, 645. 

Belgium, 180. 

 Bermuda Islands, 22. 

British Columbia, 217. 

Cuba, 196. 

Georgia, 439, 441. 

Greece, 431, 433. 

Illinois, 13.

Indian Territory, 645. 

Missouri, 520, 566, 592, 593, 597. 

New South Wales, 172. 

Sahara, 346. 

Texas, 559. 

Utah, 32.
118 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Underground water.

Absence of, Nevada, 624.

Derivation, from rainfall, Arkansas,

544. 

Interference with placer workings,

Utah, 35.

Interference with sewers, 538, 712. 

Laws relating to, 178, 335, 467, 591,

683, 700. 

Occurrence of: 

General, 197. 

Formations:

Arapahoe sandstone, Colorado, 87.

Arbuckle limestone, Oklahoma *>°Qa ill£t, 4*.uOcl.

Aiikaree:

Colorado, 87.

Kansas, 87.

Nebraska, 87.

Batesville sandstone, Arkansas, 542, 544. 

Berea grit:

Michigan, 202.

Ohio, 396.

Biloxi sand, Mississippi, 337. 

Bingen:

Arkansas, 542, 671; 672.

Louisiana, 671, 672. 

Boone:

Arkansas, 2, 542, 543, 

544, 647.

Indian Territory, 647. 

Brentwood limestone, Arkansas, 2.

Buchanan gravel, Iowa, 571. 

Burlington limestone, Missouri, 519, 593. 

Catahoula:

Arkansas, 542, 671, 672.

Louisiana, 256, 671, 672. 

Chadron :

Nebraska, 87.

South Dakota, 87.

Wyoming, 87.

Cherokee shale, Missouri, 593. 

Chesapeake:

Delaware, 88.

Maryland, 91.

New Jersey, 363.

Virginia, 93. 

Chester sandstone:

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 395. 

Chouteau limestone, Missouri,

520.

Claiborne, Mississippi, 337. 

Clay marl. New Jersey, 363. 

Clinton limestone :

Michigan, 202.

Ohio, 396.

Cockfleld, Arkansas, 672. 

Cohansey, New Jersey, 363. 

Coldwater shale, Michigan,

202.

Columbia, South Carolina, 

226,

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued.

Corniferous limestone, Ohio,

396. 

Dakota sandstone:

Colorado, 87, 377.

Iowa, 511.

Kansas, 87, 421.

Minnesota, 247.

Montana, 94.

Nebraska, 87.

North Dakota, 247.

South Dakota, 86, 87, 94.

Wyoming, 86, 87, 94. 

Deadwood sandstone:

Montana, 94.

South Dakota, 86.

Wyoming, 86, 94. 

Delthyris shale, Missouri, 593. 

Dundee limestone, Michigan,

202.

Ellensburg beds, Washington, 'if '51.

Enid, Oklahoma, 228a. 

Eutaw :

Alabama, 606.

Mississippi, 337. 

Fox Hills sandstone, Colorado, 87. 

Galena limestone:

Illinois, 394.

Iowa, 511.

Wisconsin, 229, 581. 

Gasconade limestone, Missouri, 592, 593.

Gauley coal, West Virginia, 8. 

Genesee, New York, 356. 

Grand Gulf:

Alabama, 606.

Arkansas, 672.

Louisiana, 256, 672.

Mississippi, 337. 

Greenbrier limestone:

Maryland, 426, 427.

West Virginia, 427. 

Greer, Oklahoma, 228a. 

Gunter sandstone, Missouri,

593. 

Hall sandstone, Arkansas,

543.

Hannibal, Missouri, 520, 593. 

Hatchetigbee:

Alabama, 606.

Mississippi, 337. 

Helderberg limestone, West

Virginia, 427. 

Henrietta, Missouri, 593. 

Hinckley sandstone, Minnesota, 710. 

Hudson River, Indiana, 37,

395. 

Jordan sandstone:

Iowa, 511, 512.

Minnesota, 248, 710. 

Kirkwood, New Jersey, 363.
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 119

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued.

Knobstone group, Indiana,

395. 

Knox dolomite:

Alabama, 606.

Tennessee, 227. 

Lafayette:

Louisiana, 558.

Mississippi, 337.

South Carolina, 226.

Tennessee, 227. 

Lakota sandstone:

Montana, 94.

South Dakota, 86, 94.

Wyoming, 86, 94. 

.Laramie:

Colorado, 87.

Wyoming, 87. 

Lee conglomerate, Kentucky,

7. 

Lignitic group:

Alabama, 606.

Kentucky, 227.

Mississippi, 337.

Tennessee, 227. 

Lisbon, Mississippi, 337. 

Logan sandstone, Ohio, 396. 

Longmeadow sandstone, Massachusetts, 195, 545. 

Lower Helderberg limestone:

Indiana, 395.

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Lower Magnesian limestone :

Illinois, 394.

Iowa, 511.

Wisconsin, 581. 

Lower marl, New Jersey, 363. 

Madison sandstone, Illinois,

156.

Magothy, Maryland, 91. 

Mahoning sandstone, Pennsylvania, 634, 635. 

Manafalia, Mississippi, 337. 

Marias des Cygnes, Missouri,

593.

Marshall sandstone, Michigan, 146.

Matawan, New Jersey, 363. 

Medina sandstone, Pennsylvania, 199. 

Michigan series, Michigan,

202.

Middle marl, New York, 363. 

Minnekahta limestone:

South Dakota, 86.

Wyoming, 86. 

Minnelusa:

Montana, 94.

South Dakota, 86, 87, 94.

Wyoming, 86, 94. 

Monroe sandstone, Michigan

202. 

Morrow :

Arkansas, 544, 647.

Indian Territory, 647.

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued. 

Naeatoch:

Arkansas, 542, 671. 

Louisiana, 671, 672. 

Na'heola, Mississippi, 337. 

Napoleon sandstone, Michigan, 202. 

New Richmond sandstone,

Minnesota, 248, 710. 

Niagara limestone : 

Illinois, 394. 

Indiana, 37, 395. 

Iowa, 365, 667. 

Michigan, 202. 

Ohio, 396. 

Wisconsin, 581. 

Ogalalla:

Colorado, 87. 

Kansas, 87. 

Nebraska, 87. 

Oneota limestone, Iowa, 511,

512. 

Onondaga limestone, Ohio,

396.

Oriskany sandstone, Pennsylvania, 199. 

Pa*hasapa limestone: 

Montana, 94.

South Dakota, 86, 87, 94. 

Wyoming, 86, 94. 

Pamunkey:

Maryland, 91. 

Virginia, 93. 

Parma sandstone, Michigan.

202.

Peiitremital limestone, Arkansas, 542. 

Pltkln limestone, Arkansas,

2; 543, 544.

Pittsburg sandstone, Pennsylvania, 634, 635. 

Platteville limestone, Wisconsin, 229.

Pleasanton. Missouri, 593. 

Ponchartrain clay, Mississippi, 337.

Porters Creek clay: 

Kentucky, 227. 

Tennessee, 227. 

Potomac:

Delaware, 88. 

District of Columbia, 92. 

Maryland, 91. 

North Carolina, 200. 

South Carolina, 226. 

Virginia, 93. 

Potsdam sandstone: 

Illinois, 394. 

New York, 689. 

Wisconsin, 229, 581. 

Quartermaster, Oklahoma,

228a. 

Raritau, New Jersey, 363.
120 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued. 

Red Beds:

New Mexico, 85, 354.

Oklahoma, 228a. 

Redbank :

Delaware, 88.

New Jersey, 363. 

Ripley:

Alabama, 606.

Kentucky, 227.

Mississippi, 337.

Tennessee, 227. 

Sabine:

Arkansas, 542, 671, 672.

Louisiana, 671, 672. 

St. Louis limestone:

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 395.

Missouri, 593. 

St. Peters sandstone:

Illinois, 156, 394.

Indiana, 395.

Iowa, 511, 512, 518, 667.

Minnesota, 248, 710.

Missouri, 519, 593.

Wisconsin, 229, 581. 

Salina beds, Michigan, 202. 

Severn, Maryland, 91. 

Shakopee fissured limestone,

Minnesota, 710. 

Stockbridge dolomite, Connecticut, 230. 

Stocbton beds, New Jersey,

363.

Sucarnochee, Mississippi, 337. 

Sundance, Wyoming. 87. 

Sylvania sandstone, Michigan, 209.

Tallahatta buhrstone, Mississippi, 337. 

Third Magnesian limestone,

Missouri, 592.

Traverse series, Michigan, 202. 

Trenton limestone:

Indiana, 37, 395.

Iowa, 511.

Michigan, 202.

Missouri, 593.

New York, 689.

Ohio, 396.

Pennsylvania, 199.

Wisconsin, 581. 

Tuscaloosa :

Alabama, 606.

Mississippi, 337. 

Upper Marshall sandstone,

Michigan, 202. 

Upper Washington limestone,

Pennsylvania, 636. 

Water lime, Indiana, 395. 

Waynesburg sandstone, Pennsylvania, 636.

Whitehorn sandstone, Oklahoma, 228a,

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Formations Continued.

Winslow sandstone, Arkansas, 543.

Yellville dolomite, Arkansas, 

2

Materials. See also Formations. 

Alluvium :

Oklahoma, 228a. ^

Washington, 51. 

Basalt, Washington, 51, 379. 

Breccia, general, 392. 

Buhrstone:

Mississippi, 337.

South Carolina, 226. 

Coal, West Virginia, 8. 

Conglomerate:

Massachusetts, 79.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Rhode Island, 70. 

Crystalline rocks :

Connecticut, 230, 586.

District of Columbia, 92.

Maine, 611.

Maryland, 91.

Missouri, 593.

New Jersey, 363.

New York, 689.

Pennsylvania, 199.

South Carolina, 226.

Wisconsin, 600. 

Diabase:

Connecticut, 195.

Massachusetts, 195.

New York, 689. 

Diorite, South Carolina, 226. 

Dolomite:

Arkansas, 2.

Iowa, 511.

Drift. See also Sand and 

gravel.

China, 299.

Connecticut, 230.

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 20.

Iowa, 511, 518.

Maine, 608.

Minnesota, 247, 248,710.

Missouri, 593.

New Hampshire, 608.

New York, 356, 656, 689.

North Dakota, 247.

Ohio, 396.

Pennsylvania, 199.

Rhode Island, 79.

Wisconsin, 581. 

Gneiss, North Carolina, 218. 

Granite:

Delaware, 88.

Oklahoma, 228a.

South Carolina, 226.

Virginia, 93. 

Gravel:

Australia, 406.

California, 60, 178, 284, 

364, 665.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 121

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Materials Continued. 

Gravel Continued.

Illinois, 437.

Maine, 609.

Mexico, 714.

Nevada, 399.

New Jersey, 171.

New Mexico, 354.

New York, 157, 697.

Pennsylvania, 635, 636.

Turkestan, 300.

Washington, 379. 

Limestone:

Arkansas, 2.

Georgia, 441.

Massachusetts, 79.

Pennsylvania, 199, 638.

Texas, 36.

Virginia, 93.

Porphyry, Oklahoma, 228a. 

Quartzite :

Georgia, 688.

Virginia, 93. 

Sand:

California, 364.

District of Columlbia, 131, 

147.

Florida, 201.

Holland, 432.

Maryland, 91.

Massachusetts, 536, 537.

Michigan, 189.

Minnesota, 167.

New York, 148, 189, 897.

Pennsylvania, 635, 636.

Texas, 36.

Washington, 379. 

Sandstone:

Arkansas, 2.

Connecticut, 195, 230.

Georgia, 441.

Maryland, 91.

Massachusetts, 195.

New Mexico, 354.

Pennsylvania, 638.

South Carolina, 226.

Texas, 36. 

Shale:

Connecticut, 195.

Maryland, 91.

Massachusetts, 195.

New York, 356, 689.

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Tuff, Washington, 51. 

Structures: 

Faults :

Arkansas, 542, 647.

Connecticut, 195.

Indian Territory, 647. 

Fissures, Washington, 51. 

Fractured rocks in general,

392. 

Joints:

Arkansas, 645.

Connecticut, 195.

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Structures Continued. 

Faults Continued.

Indian Territory, 645.

Maine, 608.

New Hampshire, 608. 

Systems. See also Formations. 

Cambrian :

Alabama, 606.

Iowa, 511.

Minnesota, 248.

New York, 689.

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Carboniferous:

Alabama, 606.

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 395.

Iowa, 511.

Kentucky, 227.

Maryland, 91, 427.

Mississippi, 337.

Ohio, 396.

Oklahoma, 228a.

South Dakota, 87.

Tennessee, 227.

West Virginia, 203, 427. 

Cretaceous:

Alabama, 606.

Arkansas, 671.

Colorado, 87.

Delaware, 88.

Kansas, 87.

Louisiana, 671.

Maryland, 91.

Minnesota, 247, 248.

Mississippi, 337.

Nebraska, 87.

New Jersey, 363.

New Mexico, 354.

New York, 689.

North Carolina, 200.

North Dakota, 247.

Oklahoma, 228a.

South Carolina, 226.

South Dakota, 87, 551.

Tennessee, 227.

Virginia, 93.

Wyoming, 87. 

Devonian:

Illinois, 394.

Maryland, 91.

Missouri, 592.

New York, 356, 689.

Pennsylvania, 199.

Tennessee, 227. 

Jurassic, Wyoming, 87. 

Newark:

South Carolina, 226.

Virginia, 93. 

Ordovician:

Arkansas, 542, 544.

Iowa, 511.

Minnesota, 248.

New York, 689.
122 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Underground water Continued. 

Occurrence of Continued. 

Systems Continued. 

Pre-Cambrian : 

Iowa, 511. 

New York, 689. 

Silurian :

New York, 689. 

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Tennessee, 227. 

Tertiary:

Alabama, 606.

Arkansas, 542, 544, 671,

672.

Colorado, 87. 

Delaware, 88. 

Illinois, 394. 

Indiana, 395. 

Kansas, 87.

Louisiana, 256, 671, 672. 

Maryland, 91. 

Mississippi, 337. 

Nebraska, 87. 

Oklahoma, 228a. 

South Carolina, 226. 

South Dakota, 87, 551. 

Tennessee, 227. 

Virginia, 93. 

Wyoming, 87. 

Triassic :

Connecticut, 195, 230,

545.

Massachusetts, 195, 545. 

New Jersey, 363. 

New York, 689. 

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Virginia, 93.

Underground water, unusual depth of, Arizona, 503. 

Underground waters.

Circulation of. See Circulation. 

Classification of, Mississippi, 411. 

Composition and quality of. See Composition.

Contamination of. See Contamination. 

Decline of. See Decline. 

Deposits by. See Deposits. 

Descriptions. See under States. 

Field analysis of, 390. 

Fluctuations of. See Fluctuation. 

Movements of. See Circulation and

movements. 

Part of, in formation of ore deposits.

See Ore deposits.

Predictions of occurrence, Iowa, 191. 

Relation to flow of streams, 38. 

Relation to igneous intrusions, Kentucky and Illinois, 14. 

Relation to irrigation, Colorado, 282. 

Relation to structure of rocks, 392. 

Relations to volcanoes and earthquakes, 277.

Source of public supplies. See Uses of 

underground waters.

Underground waters Continued.

Uses. See Uses of underground waters. 

Work of :

Alteration of rocks:

Alaska, 620.

Arizona, 403.

California, 682.

Indiana, 27.

Missouri, 577.

Montana, 627.

Nevada, 624, 627.

North Carolina, 347, 539.

Tennessee, 347.

Utah, 348.

General, 56, 63, 481, 554, 617. 

Aqueo-igneous fusion, 56. 

Cementation:

Connecticut, 349.

New Brunswick, 349.

New Jersey, 349.

New York, 349.

Pennsylvania, 349.

General, 251. 

Chloritization, North Carolina,

539. 

Deposits. See Deposits.

Nevada, 552.

North Carolina, 347.

Tennessee, 347.

General, 251, 617.

Formation of hummocks, California, 648. 

Formation of stone reefs, Brazil,

41.

Induration, Oregon, 569. 

Land slips, Montana, 629. 

Leaching:

Arizona, 188.

North Carolina, 539. 

Metamorphism, 523. 

Replacement, 517, 522, 616. 

Serpentinization, North Carolina,

539. 

Siliciflcation:

California, 648.

Nevada, 624. 

Solution:

Cuba, 196.

Kentucky, 668.

Massachusetts, 59.

Missouri, 592, 597.

Ohio, 366, 367.

Tennessee, 59.

Virginia, 59.

Yellowstone National Park, 59. 

Undermining:

Arkansas, 212.

Missouri, 212.

Work of underground waters in 

general:

Arizona, 405.

Arkansas, 212.

Illinois, 12, 13.

Missouri, 212.

Montana, 105.
TN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 123

Underground waters Continued. 

Work of Continued.

Work of underground waters in 

general Continued.

Oregon, 569.

Philippine Islands, 669.

General, 15, 554. 

Work on, by : 

Individuals:

Abbe, Cleveland, jr., 205, 679.

Adams, G. I., 205, 679.

Anderson, J. A., 679.

Ashley, G. H., 679, 680.

Bain, H. F., 205, 680.

Bayley, W. S., 205, 679, 680.

Boutwell, J. M., 205, 679, 680.

Bowman, Isaiah, 679, 680.

Calkins, F. C., 679.

Champlin, F. A., 679.

Clapp, F. G., G79.

Clark, W. B., 205.

Condra, G. E., 679, 680.

Cooper, W. F., 679.

Crane, G. W., 679.

Crider, A. F., 205, 680.

Crosby, W. O., 205, 679, 680.

Dale, T. N., 679.

Darton, N. H., 679, 680.

Davis, C. A., 205, 680.

Eckel, E. C., 205, 679, 680.

Ellis, E. B., 680.

Fisher, C. A., 679, 680.

Fuller, M. L., 205, 679, 680.

Gale, H. S., 679.

Glenn, L. C., 205, 679, 680.

Gould, C. N., 679, 680.

Grant, U. S., 205, 680.

Gregory, H. E., 679, 680.

Gregory, W. M., 205, 679, 680.

Hall, C. M., 679.

Hall, C. W., 205, 679, 680.

Hallock, William, 679.

Harris, G. D., 679.

Hawkins, R., 679.

Henry, F. A., 679.

Hodges, R. S., 679.

Hollister, G. B., 205, 680.

Horton, R. E., 205, 680.

Johnson, B. L., 205, 680.

Johnson, D. W., 205, 679, 680.

Johnson, E., 205, 680.

Johnson, L. C., 679.

Keyes, C. R., 679.

Kindle, E. M., 205, 680.

Knapp, G. N., 205, 679, 680.

La Forge, Laurence, 679.

Landes, Henry, 679.

Lane, A. C., 205.

Lee, W. T., 679, 680.

Leverett, Frank, 205, 679, 680.

Lines, E. F., 205, 680.

Lord, L. G., 679.

Loughlin, G. F., 679.

Lovelace, B. F., 679.

McCallie, S. W., 205, 679, 680.

Underground waters Continued. 

Work on, by Continued. 

Individuals Continued.

Martin, G. C., 679, 680. 

Mendenhall, W. C., 679, 680. 

Norton, W. H., 205, 679, 680. 

Norwood, C. J., 205. 

O'Harra, C. C., 680. 

Perkins, G. H., 679, 680. 

Purdue, A. H., 205, 679. 

Pynchon, W. H. C., 679. 

Rathbun, F. D., 679, 

Richardson, G. B., 679, 680. 

Russell, I. C., 679. 

Setchell, W. A., 679. 

Shepard, E. M., 205, 679, 680. 

Shultz, A. R., 205, 679, 680. 

Siebenthal, C. E., 679, 680. 

Simpson, H. E., 680. 

Slichter, C. S., 679,680. 

Smith, E. A., 205, 679, 680. 

Smith, G. O., 205, 679, 680. 

Smith, W. S. T., 205, 679, 680. 

Stephenson, L. W., 680. 

Stose, G. W., 205, 680. 

Tarr, R. S., 679. 

Taylor, F. B., 679. 

Todd, J. E., 679, 680. 

Udden, J. A., 205, 679, 680. 

Veatch, A. C., 205, 679, 680. 

Washburn, W. C., 679. 

Watson, T. L., 205. 

Weed, W. H., 679, 680. 

Weeks, F. B., 205, 679, 680. 

White, C. H., 679. 

White, I. C., 205. 

Whitney, F. L., 679. 

Wilder, F. A., 679. 

Willard, D. E., 679, 680. 

Brazilian Government, 584. 

Peruvian Government, 584. 

United States Geological Survey, 

191, 193, 204, 205, 584, 679, 680. 

United States Reclamation Service,

680. 

United States.

Principal publications relating to underground waters:

Bibliographic review and index of 

papers relating to underground 

waters published by United 

States Geological Survey, 1879- 

1904, 204. 

Preliminary list of deep borings

in the United States, 89. 

Unwatering. See Pumping. 

Upper Marshall sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.

Upper Washington limestone. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Use of underflow for irrigation, general, 699. 

Use of well records, 193. 

Use of wells, precautions in, 389.
124 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Uses of underground waters.

Drainage tunnels, irrigation, Persia,

301.

Infiltration galleries, public supplies : 

France, 225. 

Indiana, 502. 

Wyoming, 703. 

Mine waters :

Boilers, Arkansas, 75. 

Power, Arizona, 330. 

Public supply, Australia, 466. 

Springs :

Bathing :

Cuba, 196.

Montana, 687.

Washington, 379.

General, 687. 

Boilers :

Indian Territory, 244.

Washington, 379. 

Heating, general, 687. 

Irrigation :

Idaho, 306, 567.

Italy, 444.

Massachusetts, 678.

Nebraska, 308, 314.

New York, 676.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Persia, 301.

Texas, 36, 50, 81, 137, 141, 658, 

698.

Turkestan, 97.

Virginia, 497. 

Medicinal (therapeutic) :

Cuba, 196.

New Hampshire, 198.

New York, 689.

Philippine Islands, 669.

Tennessee, 227.

General, 687. 

Power:

Arizona, 330.

Indiana, 395.

Missouri, 566, 577.

New York, 689.

Wisconsin, 591. 

Private supplies (domestic) :

California, 69.

New Hampshire, 198.

New York, 689.

Pennsylvania, 638.

South Carolina, 226.

General discussion, 223. 

Public supplies:

Connecticut, 230.

Cuba, 196.

England, 30.

France, 431.

Illinois, 438.

Louisiana, 256.

Maine, 609, 694.

Maryland, 427.

Missouri, 409, 519.

New Jersey, 371.

New York, 159, 546, 689.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Pennsylvania, 58, 635, 636, 

638.

Uses of underground waters Continued. 

Springs Continued.

Public supplies Continued.

Philippine Islands, 631.

Quebec, 332.

South Carolina, 226.

Texas, 50.

Turkestan, 97.

Utah, 118.

Vermont, 532.

Washington, 379.

West Virginia, 427.

General, 223, 595. 

Resorts:

Arkansas, 664.

Germany, 43.

Maine, 664.

Massachusetts, 657.

Pennsylvania, 638.

Tennessee, 227.

Virginia, 664.

Washington, 379. 

Source of chemicals, 687. 

Underground streams : 

Public supplies:

Cuba, 196.

Mexico, 177.

Formation of oases, Sahara, 346. 

Wells:

Boilers :

Arkansas, 542.

Indian Territory, 244.

Oklahoma, 244.

Washington, 379. 

Creameries, New York, 689. 

Drainage of ponds, Michigan, 285. 

Drainage of swamps, Virginia, 378. 

Heating:

Idaho, 687.

Montana, 687. 

Ice plants, Arkansas, 542. 

Irrigation :

Algeria, 494, 528.

Arizona, 387.

Arkansas, 652, 662.

California, 26, 187, 284, 383, 

386, 446, 452, 453, 454, 

455, 456, 458., 494, 600, 

665, 676, 698.

Colorado, 305, 640.

Idaho, 310.

India, 494, 676.

Kansas, 254, 640, 719.

Louisiana, 256, 558.

Massachusetts, 678.

Nebraska, 640.

Nevada, 25.

New Jersey, 492, 678.

New Mexico, 287, 354, 676.

New York, 546.

Oklahoma, 228a.

Oregon, 569.

Queensland, 494.

Sahara, 528.

South Dakota, 311.

Southern United States, 572.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 125

Uses of underground waters Continued. 

Wells Continued.

Irrigation Continued.

Texas, 19, 36, 50, 81, 141, 

185, 287, 315, 318, 319, 

320, 322, 323, 325, 530, 

651, 658, 659, 698.

Utah, 574.

Washington, 379.

Wyoming, 307.

General, 274, 699. 

Laundry purposes, general, 598. 

Manufacturing purposes:

Connecticut, 545.

Louisiana, 256.

Massachusetts, 195, 545.

New Hampshire, 198.

New Jersey, 149, 171.

New York, 689. 

Fewer:

Arizona, 288.

Mexico, 177.

New South Wales, 73.

New York, 689.

Queensland, 73. 

Private supplies (domestic) :

California, 384.

Colorado, 302.

Connecticut, 195, 545.

Iowa, 417, 575.

Louisiana, 256.

Massachusets, 195, 545.

Minnesota, 248.

New York, 689.

North Dakota, 370.

Oregon, 569.

Washington, 379.

Washington, 379.

Wisconsin, 581.

Wyoming, 307.

General, 223. 

Public supplies :

Arkansas, 542.

Australia, 466.

California, 60, 65, 258, 340, 

468.

Connecticut, 545.

Cuba, 196.

Denmark, 431.

England, 30, 160.

Germany, 590.

Illinois, 156, 438.

Indiana, 37, 502.

Iowa, 417, 575, 667.

Maine, 18.

Maryrand, 91.

Michigan, 169, 211.

Minnesota, 710.

Missouri, 503.

Nevada, 626.

New Jersey, 142, 363, 371, 

492, 674.

New York, 157, 159, 224, 656, 

697.

North Carolina, 442.

Ohio, 231, 393.

Uses of underground waters Continued. 

Wells Continued.

Public supplies Continued. 

Pennsylvania, 58, 632, 

South Carolina, 226. 

Texas, 50. 

Washington, 379. 

General, 595. 

Resorts:

New Hampshire, 198. 

New York, 689. 

Pennsylvania, 664. 

Underground waters in general: 

Boilers, 31. 

Irrigation :

Argentine Republic, 76. 

England, 30. 

Medicinal, 257. 

Utah.

Alkali waters, 702.

Artesian waters, 34.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Blowing wells, 34. 

Brines, 34. 

Fissures, relation to circulation of

underground waters, 35, 348. 

Mine waters, 32, 35. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Ore deposits, part of underground

waters in formation of, 32, 33, 35. 

Seepage, 574. 

Springs :

Descriptions, 32, 52, 98. 

Discharge, 273. 

Supply of lake by, 52. 

Types :

Mound springs, 34. 

Oil springs, 420. 

Pitch springs, 34. 

Saline springs, 420. 

Underdrainage of alkali lands, 698,

708..

Underground streams, 32. 

Underground waters : 

Circulation, 35, 348. 

Composition, 333. 

Interference with placer workings, 35.

Occurrence, descriptions,1 32, 333. 

Part in alteration of limestone,

348. 

Uses of underground waters :

Artesian wells, irrigation, 574. 

Springs, public supplies, 118. 

Water level, relation to depth of superficial alteration, 35. 

Water table :

Depths, 333. 

Map of depths, 574. 

Relation to alkali, 333, 574. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 98,

333. 

Thermal wells, 34.
126 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Utah Continued.

Wells Continued.

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407, 420. 

Records, 34, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407.

V.

Vegetation, relation to water table. 

Michigan, 410. 

General, 3.

Veins, part of underground waters in alteration of.

Alaska, 620. 

Nevada, 626.

Veins, part of underground waters in formation of.

Alaska, 619. 

Arizona, 403. 

California, 619. 

Nevada, 624, 626. 

Victoria, 402.

General, 290, 476, 524, 525. 

Vermont.

Bibliographies containing references

to underground waters, 204, 532. 

Frozen well, 83. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 532. 

Water resources of the Fort Ticonderoga quadrangle, Vermont 

and New York, 83. 

Water resources of the Taconic 

quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, 657. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, list of, 532. 

Springs in general: 

Analyses, 532. 

Descriptions, 83, 532. 

Underground waters: 

Composition, 532. 

Occurrence, descriptions, 657. 

Uses of underground waters, springs,

public supplies, 532. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 532. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 83, 89, 407, 532. 

Distribution. 532. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Temperatures, 83. 

Victoria, part of underground waters in

formation of gold quartz veins, 402. 

Virginia.

Bibliographies containing references

to underground waters, 89, 93, 204. 

Drainage of swamps into wells, 378. 

Mineral waters, production and value, 

100, 527.

Virginia Continued. »

Principal publications:

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 93. 

Solution features, 571. 

Springs:

Mineral springs, list of, 93. 

Thermal springs, descriptions, 93,

497. 

Springs in general:

Contamination, 393. 

Descriptions, 93, 378. 

Relation to faults, 93. 

Temperatures, 497. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 93. 

Formations :

Chesapeake, 93. 

Parnunkey, 93. 

Potomac, 93. 

Materials :

Granite, 93. 

Limestone, 93. 

Quartzite, 93. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 93. 

Newark, 93. 

Tertiary, 93. 

Triassic, 93. 

Work of, in formation of natural

bridges, 59.

Uses of underground waters, springs: 

Irrigation, 497. 

Resorts, 664.

Water table, relation to sewage system, 166.

Well waters, purification of, 497. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 93. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 93, 407. 

Volcanic waters. 

Descriptions:

Arizona, 403. ' 

Philippine Islands, 669. 

Windward Islands, 270. 

General, 271. 

Origin, 270, 271, 277. 

Volcanic waters, part of, in formation of

ore deposits, 484. 

Volume. See Discharge.

W. 

Washington.

Artesian conditions, 51, 610.

Artesian requisites, 51.

Bibliography containing references to

underground waters, 204. 

Mineral waters, production and value, 

100, 527.
UNITED STATES IN 1905. 127

Washington^ Continued.

Principal publications:

Geology and water resources of

east-central Washington, 51. 

List of deep borings in United

States, 89.

Preliminary report on the underground waters of Washington, 

379.

Seepage, 579, 681. 

Springs :

Analyses, 379. 

Descriptions:

Gas springs, 379. 

Thermal springs, 51. 

Springs in general, 51, 379. 

TJnderdrainage of alkali lands, 698, 708. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 379. 

Composition, 379. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 379.

Fissures, 51.

Formation, Ellenburg beds, 51.

Materials:

Alluvium, 51. 

Basalt, 51, 379. 

Sand and gravel, 379. 

Tuff, 51.

Uses of underground waters: 

Springs :

Bathing, 379. 

~ Boilers, 379.

Public supplies, 379. 

Resorts, 379. 

Wells :

Boilers, 379. 

Irrigation, 379. 

Private supplies, 379. 

Public supplies, 379. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 51,

379.

Wells in general: 

Construction, 51. 

Descriptions, 89, 379, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Testing, 51.

Water, proportion in freshly quarried rocks,

110.

Water-bearing strata, types of, 197. 

Water caverns, Michigan, 342.

Water level.

Relation to depth of superficial alteration, Utah, 35. 

Relation to mining: 

Colorado, 478, 487. 

Maryland, 686.

Water power. See Uses of underground 

waters.

Waterless conditions in Baluchistan, 301. 

Water supply. See Uses of underground 

waters.

Water table.

Decline. See Decline of underground

waters.

Definition, 383. 

Depths:

Arizona, 385. 

Nevada, 471. 

New York, 17. 

Utah, 333. 

Descriptions :

Arizona, 387. 

California, 252. 

Massachusetts, 80.

Effect of freezing and thawing on, 3. 

Effect of irrigation on : 

California, 1, 26. 

General, 112, 641. 

Effect of pumping on : 

Australia, 406. 

California, 133. 

Michigan, 146. 

Effect of sewage disposal on, New

York, 17. 

Fluctuations of:

California, 1, 26, 252, 446. 

Massachusetts, 151, 538. 

New York, 135, 546. 

Texas, 603. 

General, 112, 641. 

Maps of:

Arizona, 387. 

Utah, 333, 574. 

Noneffect of filter plant on, New York,

129.

Nonfiuctuation of. New York, 17. 

Raising of, artificially, 630. 

Relation to occurrence of alkali: 

Utah, 333, 574. 

General, 641, 709. 

Relation to ore deposits: 

Alabama, 607. 

Texas, 559. 

Wisconsin, 113. 

Relation to sewage system, Virginia,

166.

Relation to vegetation: 

Michigan, 410. 

General, 3.

Waterworks statistics, 595. 

Waterlime. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Waynesburg sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of. 

Well batteries, arrangement of, 223. 

Well construction. See Wells, construction. 

Well points, 252. 

Well prospects. 

Delaware, 88. 

Indiana, 395. 

Iowa, 512. 

Maryland, 426, 427. 

Ohio, 396.

West Virginia, 427. 

Wells and borings.

Analyses. See Analyses, wells.
128 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Wells and borings Continued. 

Construction :

Difficulties of, 142. 

Methods:

Diamond-drill holes, 253, 338.

Stovepipe method, 600, 602. 

Localities :

Algeria, 346.

Arkansas, 542, 544, 652.

California, 252, 258, 364, 600. 

602.

Illinois, 436, 437.

Louisiana, 256.

New Jersey, 142.

New York, 224.

Sahara, 346.

Texas, 36, 603.

General, 183. 

Contamination. See Contamination.

wells.

Cost. See Cost of wells. 

Description :

Artesian wells:

Alabama, 606.

Algeria, 346, 494, 528.

Arkansas, 594, 672.

California, 494, 562, 665, 721.

Colorado, 87.

Cuba, 196.

Delaware, 88.

Egypt, 121.

England, 30.

Florida, 201, 431.

Idaho, 310, 311.

Illinois, 394.

Indiana, 20, 37, 395.

Iowa, 511.

Kansas, 87.

Kentucky, 7, 594.

Louisiana, 256, 515, 558, 671.

Maine, 18, 608.

Maryland, 427.

Massachusetts, 80.

Michigan, 202, 267.

Minnesota, 247, 248.

Mississippi, 266, 337, 411, 594.

Missouri. 592, 593, 594.

Nebraska, 87.

New Hampshire, 608.

New Jersey, 363, 492.

New Mexico, 287.

New York, 356, 656, 689.

North Carolina, 200.

Ohio, 396.

Oregon, 569.

Pennsylvania, 58.

Queensland, 494.

Sahara, 346, 528.

South Carolina, 21.

South Dakota, 87, 247, 431.

Tennessee, 227, 594.

Texas, 36, 185, 316, 322, 323, 

515.

Utah, 98.

Vermont, 532. 

 Virginia, 93.

Washington, 51, 379.

Wells and borings Continued. 

Description Continued.

Artesian wells Continued. 

West Virginia, 203, 427. 

Wisconsin, 170, 581. 

Wyoming, 87, 307. 

Blowing wells : 

Utah, 34. 

General, 486.

Horizontal wells, Oregon, 569. 

Thermal wells, Utah, 34. 

Wells in general:

Alabama, 89, 407, 606. 

Arizona, 89, 288, 385, 387, 407. 

Arkansas, 89, 407, 542, 543. 

California, 65, 89, 258, 407,

408, 468. 

China, 507.

Colorado, 89, 303, 407, 640. 

Connecticut, 89, 195, 230, 407,

545.

Cuba, 196. 

Delaware, 89, 407. 

District of Columbia, 89, 92,

407.

England, 160. 

Florida, 89, 201, 407. 

Georgia, 89, 407, 441, 704. 

Idaho, 84, 89, 407. 

Illinois, 89, 394, 407, 436,

437.

Indian Territory, 89, 407. 

Indiana, 89, 407, 502. 

Iowa, 89, 407.

Kansas, 87, 89, 407, 615, 640. 

Kentucky, 89, 227, 407. 

Louisiana, 89, 407. 

Maine, 89, 407. 

Maryland, 89, 91, 407. 

Massachusetts, 89, 195, 407,

545.

Mexico, 177, 714. 

Michigan, 89, 169, 211, 267,

407.

Minnesota, 89, 247, 248, 407. 

Mississippi, 89, 337, 407,411. 

Missouri, 89. 407, 577, 578,

592, 593, 615. 

' Montana, 89, 407. 

Morocco, 179. 

Nebraska, 89, 407, 640. 

Nevada, 89, 407. 

New Hampshire, 89, 407. 

New Jersey, 89, 171, "369, 407,

674. 

New Mexico, 89, 354, 407,

675. 

New York, 82, 88, 407, 546,

689, 697.

North Carolina, 89, 407. 

North Dakota, 89, 247, 407. 

Ohio, 89, 407. 

Oklahoma, 89, 407. 

Oregon, 89, 407, 569. 

Pennsylvania, 89, 407, 462,

636. 

Persia, 298,
IN UNITED STATES IN 1905. 129

Wells and borings Continued. 

Description Continued.

Wells in general- Continued. 

Queensland, 242. 

Rhode Island, 89, 407. * 

Saraha, 345. 

South Australia, 139. 

South Carolina, 89, 226, 407. 

South Dakota, 89, 407. 

Tennessee, 89, 227, 407. 

Texas, 81, 89, 185, 318, 319,

321, 407, 573, 659. 

Turkestan, 97. 

Utah, 89, 407, 420. 

Vermont 83, 89, 407, 532. 

Virginia, 89, 407. 

Washington, 6, 89, 379, 407. 

West Virginia, 8, 89, 407. 

Wisconsin, 89, 407. 

Wyoming, 89, 407. 

Distribution :

Artesian wells : 

AlabamaT 613.

California, 384, 452,453,454. 

Iowa, 706. 

Utah, 333. 

Wells in general:

Pennsylvania, 199. 

Vermont, 532. 

Pumping. See Pumping. 

Records. See Records. 

Statistics. See Records and wells under States :

Connecticut, 195. 

Illinois, 437. 

New Mexico, 602. 

Texas, 602. 

Washington, 51. 

Yield. See Discharge. 

General papers :

Advantages- of deep wells over

shallow wells, 442. 

Availability of wells in mining

districts, 500. 

Conditions relative to : 

Montana, 94*. 

South Dakota, 94. 

Effect of deforestation on, Michigan, 209, 211. 

Effect of ditching on, Michigan,

209, 211. 

Effect of frost on, Michigan, 209,

211. 

Effect of quarrying on, Michigan,

209. 

Effect of rainfall on, Michigan,

209, 211. 

Effect on "flow of springs, Texas,

50. 

Failure of:

Michigan, 209, 211. 

West Virginia, 504. 

Fluctuation of water in, Japan,

654.

Interpretation of geology from, 

New York, 82.

IHH 163 06 9

Wells and borings Continued. 

General papers Continued.

Location of, by divining rod, Germany, 132, 480. 

Necessary conditions for, 18. 

Need of. South Africa, 493. 

Perforation of casing, 258. 

Precautions in use of, 389, 456. 

Protection from contamination,

183. 

Radio-active waters, Missouri,

578. 

Recovery of underground waters

by, 197.

Relation to faults. See Faults. 

Sanitary locations of, 184, 544. 

Screens, use of in wells, Louisiana, 256.

Use of reclamation fund for construction of, 501. 

Uses. See Uses of underground

waters, wells. 

General descriptions, 324. 

West Virginia.

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 203, 204. 

Failure of springs and wells, 504. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 203. 

Water resources of the Frostburg 

and Flintstone quadrangle, Maryland and West Virginia, 427. 

Water resources of the Nicholas

quadrangle, 8.

Water resources of the Pawpaw 

and Hancock quadrangles, West 

Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, 630. 

Springs :

Mineral springs, list of, 203. 

Springs in general : 

Analyses, 639. 

Descriptions, 8, 203, 639. 

Distribution, 427. 

Temperature, 639. 

Underground waters : 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 8, 639. 

Formations:

Greenbrier, 427. 

Helderberg, 427. 

Systems, Carboniferous, 427. 

Uses of underground waters, springs,

public supplies, 427. 

Well prospects, 427. 

Wells :

Artesian wells, descriptions, 8, 203,

427.

Wells in general, descriptions, 8. 

Wisconsin.

Bibliographies containing references to 

underground waters, 89, 204, 581.
130 INDEX TO UNDERGROUND-WATER LITERATURE

Wisconsin Continued. 

Mine waters, 392. 

Mineral springs, list of, 581. 

Mineral waters, production and value,

100, 527.

Ore deposits, part of underground waters in formation of, 113, 391, 392. 

Principal publications :

List of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Underground waters of eastern

United States, 581. 

Water resources of the Mineral

Point quadrangle, 229. 

Springs, descriptions, 229, 581. 

Underground waters: 

Circulation, 392. 

Composition, 581. 

Occurrence:

Descriptions, 229, 392, 472,

690. 

Formations :

Galena, 229, 581. 

Lower Magnesian, 581. 

Niagara, 581. 

Platteville, 229. 

Potsdam, 229, 581. 

St. Peters, 229, 581. 

Trenton, 581. 

Materials :

Crystalline rocks, 690. 

Drift, 581.

Uses of underground waters : 

Springs, power, 581. 

Wells, private supplies, 581. 

Wells:

Artesian wells, descriptions, 170,

581. 

Wells in general:

Descriptions, 89, 407. 

Records, 407. 

Statistics, 89, 407. 

Wyoming.

Absorption of water by caves, 108. 

Absorption of water of streams, 108. 

Artesian conditions, 86, 87. 

Artesian water map, 94. 

Bibliographies containing references to

underground waters, 89, 204. 

Brine springs, 87. 

Law relating to seepage from canals,

164. 

Mineral waters :

Composition, 72. 

Production and value, 100, 527. 

Principal publications : 

Aladdin folio, 94. 

Geology and water resources of

the central Great Plains, 87. 

List- of deep borings in United

States, 89. 

Sundance folio, 86.

Wyoming Continued. 

Return seepage, 662. 

Seepage from canals, 181. 

Seepage through dams, 703. 

Seepage, measurement of, 181,182 

Springs :

Analyses, 87. 

Descriptions, 86. 

Relation to fault, 72. 

Subsurface dams, 703. 

Underground waters: 

Occurrence :

Descriptions, 87. 

Formations :

Chadron, 87. 

Dakota, 86, 87, 94. 

Deadwood, 86, 94. 

Lakota, 86, 94. 

Laramie, 87. 

Minnekahta, 86. 

Minnelusa. 86, 94. 

Pahasapa, 86, 94. 

Sundance, 87. 

Systems:

Cretaceous, 87. 

Jurassic, 87. 

Tertiary, 87.

Uses of underground waters : 

Infiltration galleries, 703. 

Wells, 307, 703. 

Wells :

Conditions relative to, 94. 

Descriptions:

Artesian wells, 87, 307. 

Wells in general, 89, 407. 

Records, 87, 407. 

Statistics, 87, 89, 407. 

Whitehorn sandstone. See Underground

waters, occurrence of.- 

Windmills. See Pumping. 

W.indward Islands, thermal springs, 271. 

Winslow sandstone. See Underground waters, occurrence of.

Work of United States Geological Survey. 

Collection of samples, 193, 670, 680. 

Collection of well records, 193, 680. 

Fluctuation of water table in California, 26.

Underground waters, 191, 193, 204, 205, 

584, 679, 680.

Y.

Yellowstone National Park. 

Spring deposits, 687. 

Work of underground waters in formation of natural bridges, 59. 

Work of W. H. Weed on hot springs,

679, 680.

Yellville dolomite. See Underground waters, occurrence of. 

Yield. See Discharge,
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 163.]

The serial publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Reports, (2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral 

Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United 

Btates folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United States 

folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the 

others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had on application.

Most of the above publications may be obtained or consulted in the following ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 

may be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress for 

distribution.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., from whom they may be had at prices slightly above cost.

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they may be consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

This paper is the fifty-ninth in Series O, the complete list of which follows (PP=Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

SERIES O, UNDERGROUND WATERS.

WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96pp., 7 pis. (Out of

stock.) 

WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth. 1897. 65 pp., 12 pis.

(Out of stock.)

WS 7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50 pp., 3 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton. 1898. 56pp., 21 pis. (Out

of stock.)

WS 21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Prank Leverett. 1899. 6t pp. (Out

of stock.) 

WS 30. Water resources of the lower peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis. (Out

of stock.)

WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 34. Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900.

34 pp., 19 pis. 

WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. I, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 86

pp., 10 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901.

87-141 pp. (Out of s^ock.)

I
II SERIES LIST.

WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901

68 pp., 7 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. H. Carton. 1902. 60 pp.

(Out of stock.) 

WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902.

95 pp., 11 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott.

1902. 96-140 pp. (Out of stack.) 

WS 61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp.

(Out of stock.)

WS 67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. (Out of ctock.) 

B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192

pp., 25 pis.

WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren.' 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian" basin in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I. C.

Russell. 1903. 53 pp., 2 pis. 

PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred

and third meridian, by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. 

WS 90. Geology and water resources of a part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by

J. E. Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 47 pp., 23 pis. 

WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, with discussions of their uses for

water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis.

WS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. 

WS 104. Underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, by W. T. Lee. 1904. 71 pp., 5 pis. 

WS 110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in

charge. 1904. 211 pp., 5 pis. 

PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1904.

433 pp., 72 pis. (Out of stock.) 

WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington, by Henry Landes. 1904. 85 pp.,

'ipl. 

WS 112. Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1904.

55 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1904.

285 pp., 18 pis. 

WS 118. Geology and water resources of east-central Washington, by F. C. Calkins. 1905. 96 pp.,

4 pis. 

B 252. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I. C. Russell.

1905. 138 pp., 24 pis. 

WS 120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters, published by the

United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 1905. 128 pp. 

WS 122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

WS 123. Geology and underground water conditions of the Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico, by C. R.

Keyes. 1905. 42 pp., 9 pis.

WS 136. Underground waters of the Salt River Valley, by W. T. Lee. 1905. 194 pp., 24 pis. 

B 264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. Veatch. 1905.

106 pp. 

PP 44. Underground water resources of Long Island, New York, by A. C. Veatch and others. 1905.

394pp., 34 pis. 

WS 137. Development of underground waters in the eastern coastal plain region of sou them California,

by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 140 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 138. Development of underground waters in the central coastal plain region of southern California,

by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 162 pp., 5 pis. 

WS 139. Development of underground waters in the western coastal plain region of southern California,

by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 105 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1905.

122pp., 15 pis. 

WS 141. Observations on the ground waters of Rio Grande Valley, by C. S. Slichter. 1905. 83 pp.,

5 pis.

WS 142. Hydrology of San Bernardino Valley, California, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 124 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 220pp., 6 pis.

WS 148. Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C. N. Gould. 1905. 178 pp., 22 pis. 

WS 149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by

N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. 

PP 46. Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by

A. C. Veatch. 1906. 

WS 153. The underflow in Arkansas Valley in western Kansas, by C. S. Slichter. 1906.
SERIES LIST. Ill

WS 154. The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle of Texas, by C. N.

Gould. 1906. 64 pp., 15 pis. 

WS 155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, New York,

by A. C. Veatch. 1906.

WS 157. Underground water in the valleys of Utah Lake and Jordan River, Utah, by G. B. Richardson. 

WS 158. Preliminary report on the geology and underground waters of the Roswell artesian area,

New Mexico, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 29 pp., 9 pis. 

PP 52. Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by N. H.

Barton. 1906. 

WS 159. Summary of the underground water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider and L. C.

? Johnson. 1906.

PP 53. Geology and water resources of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 

WS 160. Underground-water papers, 1906, by M. L. Fuller. 1906. 

WS 163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in the United

States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 1906. 130 pp. 

The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in eastern 

Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters of a 

portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Illinois, 

by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank 

Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation in eastern 

South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward 

Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic coastal plain region, by 

N. H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

JUNE, 1906.

o