The Genus Caulerpa 

from Central Visayas 

Philippines 

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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S TO THE MARINE SCIENCES •NUMBE R 17 

The Genus Caulerpa 

from Central Visayas, 

Philippines 

Ernani G. Menez 

and Hilconida P. Calumpong 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1982 
ABSTRAC T 

Menez, Ernani G., and Hilconida P. Calumpong. The Genus Caulerpa from 

Central Visayas, Philippines. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 

number 17, 21 pages, 2 figures, 3 plates, 1982.—This taxonomic study of 

Caulerpa shows 20 taxa occurring in Central Visayas, Philipines, including 

Caulerpa reyesii, new species. Of these, three are newly reported from the 

Philippines and seven taxa are new records from Central Visayas. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the 

Atlantic coast of eastern North America. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Menez, Ernani G. 

The genus Caulerpa from central Visayas, Philippines 

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences; no. 17) 

Bibliography: p. 

1. Caulerpa—Classification. 2. Botany—Philippines—Visayan Islands—Classification. I. 

Calumpong, Hilconida P. II. Title III. Series. 

QK569.C37M46 1982 589.4'7 82-5976 AACR2 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction 1 

Acknowledgments 3 

Description of Collecting Sites 3 

Class CHLOROPHYCEAE 4 

Family CAULERPACEAE 4 

Genus Caulerpa 4 

Key to Species of Caulerpa from Central Visayas 4 

Caulerpa arenicola Taylor 5 

Caulerpa brachypus Harvey 5 

Caulerpa crassifolia (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 6 

Caulerpa cupressoides (West in Vahl) C. Agardh 6 

Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne 6 

Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh 7 

Caulerpa microphysa (Weber-van Bosse) Feldmann 7 

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh 7 

Caulerpa racemosa var. clavifera (Turner) Weber-van Bosse 7 

Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (Kiitzing) Taylor 8 

Caulerpa racemosa var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) B0rgesen 8 

Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata (Lamouroux) Eubank 8 

Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (Turner) J. Agardh 9 

Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh 9 

Caulerpa serrulata var. boryana f. occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) 

Yamada and Tanaka 9 

Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe 9 

Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne 10 

Caulerpa webbiana Montagne 10 

Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh 10 

Caulerpa reyesu, new species 10 

Literature Cited 13 

Plates 15 

in 

The Genus Caulerpa 

from Central Visayas 

Philippines 

Ernani G Menez 

and Hilconida P. Calumpong 

Introduction 

During the summers of 1978 and 1979, Smithsonian Institution conducted biological collecting 

expeditions in Central Visayas, Philippines, in 

order to collect marine plant and animal organisms for purposes of systematic, ecological, and 

distributional studies. Included in the plant collection was a large number of Caulerpa species, 

which forms the basis of the present study, taken 

from different parts of this region. 

Fifty-three taxa of Caulerpa have been previously reported from the Philippines. Of these, 14 

occurred in Central Visayas. These were Caulerpa 

brachypus, C. cupressoides, C. fastigiata, C. lentillifera, 

C. peltata, C. racemosa, C racemosa var. laetevirens, C 

racemosa var. macrophysa, C. serrulata, C. serrulata 

var. typica f. lata, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. 

urvilliana, and C. verticillata. A few of these taxa 

were not found in our collections. 

The principal collecting areas are in Central 

Visayas, in the middle of the Philippine Archipelago (Figure 1). The area consists of the islands 

of Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, and their satellite islets. Except for the southwestern portion 

Ernani G. Menez, Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Hilconida P. Calumpong, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City 

6501, Philippines. 

of Negros Island, which is exposed to a major 

body of water, the Sulu Sea, the rest of Central 

Visayas is sheltered. Because it is practically 

closed off by other surrounding islands, the 

greater portion of this area is uniquely protected 

from intense wave actions and currents, thus, 

Central Visayas may represent a major local phytogeographic boundary in the Philippines. In an 

unpublished thesis by Calumpong (1981), she 

recorded 216 taxa of benthic marine algae from 

Central Visayas. Of these, 50 taxa are newly 

reported from the Philippines. 

The first detailed study on Philippine Caulerpa 

was by Gilbert (1942), who reported 10 taxa but 

only Caulerpa serrulata var. typica f. lata was recorded as occurring in Mactan and Cebu Islands, 

Central Visayas. Later, Taylor (1966) listed two 

varieties of Caulerpa racemosa from Cebu Island. 

However, the bulk of the work on algae from 

Central Visayas was done by Reyes (1972, 1976), 

who collected from the islands of Negros and 

Siquijor and described 11 taxa of Caulerpa from 

this region. 

The purpose of this study is to identify the 

Caulerpa species occurring in Central Visayas, 

Philippines, and to provide a sound reference and 

a simple, workable key for the identification of 

these species. Twenty taxa are described, includ-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

SULU SEA 

FIGURE 1.—Map of Central Visayas, Philippines; inset is general map of Philippines showing 

location of Central Visayas (black squares = collecting sites). 
NUMBER 17 

ing Caulerpa reyesii, new species. Of these, three 

are newly reported from the Philippines and 

seven taxa are new records from Central Visayas. 

The taxa new to the Philippines are designated 

with one asterisk (*) and those from Central 

Visayas are marked with two asterisks (**) in the 

systematic section. Basionyms and synonyms are 

included in the list. References pertinent to the 

study of Caulerpa, general collection data, and 

distribution records in the Philippines are included. Collector is designated as EM for E.G. 

Menez. The numbers preceding the collector correspond to the year of collection. The collecting 

site number appears after the collector and this is 

followed by specimen numbers in parentheses. 

Specimens are being deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, the 

Silliman University Herbarium in Dumaguete 

City, Philippines, and the Philippine National 

Herbarium in Manila, Philippines. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—Ernani G. Menez acknowledges the financial support of the Smithsonian Institution Fluid Research Fund in the 

Philippines for travel and research. Hilconida P. 

Calumpong is grateful for the one-year study 

leave and travel assistance provided by the Silliman University Faculty and Staff Development 

Program through Dr. Angel C. Alcala. Ms. Calumpong's research in the USA was made possible through a fellowship award from the Smithsonian Institution Educational Outreach Program. 

We are indebted to Dr. William J. Gilbert, 

Department of Biology, Albion College, to Dr. 

Robert T. Wilce, Department of Botany, University of Massachusetts, and to Dr. Roy T. Tsuda, 

The Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, for 

their critical review of this paper. 

We appreciate the help of Dr. Harold E. 

Robinson, Department of Botany, Smithsonian 

Institution, in the Latin description of Caulerpa 

reyesii, new species. We also wish to thank Dr. 

Paul C. Silva, Curator, University of California 

(Berkeley) Herbarium for the use of the Index 

Nominum Algarum card file and his assistance 

with problems of literature citations. 

The loan of herbarium material from the U.S. 

National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution 

and Silliman University Herbarium, Philippines, 

through the kindness of Dr. James Norris and 

Prof. Alfredo Reyes, respectively, is gratefully 

acknowledged. 

The bulk of the material used for this study 

was provided by the Smithsonian Oceanographic 

Sorting Center. The material was collected during the 1978 and 1979 Smithsonian Institution 

marine biological expeditions to Central Visayas, 

Philippines. The expeditions were organized by 

the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center 

and supported by the Smithsonian Scholarly 

Studies Program and Dreyfuss Foundation. 

Description of Collecting Sites 

78 EM-l:Liloan Point, southern Cebu (9°25'15"N, 123°-

18'10"E). Algae collected from seagrass bed and coral 

reef, 0.5-3.0 m, 8 May 1978. 

78 EM-3: Paliton, San Juan, Siquijor Island (9°10'25"N, 

123°28'15"E). Algae collected from an extensive seagrass 

bed and from a back reef with isolated clumps of corals, 

0.2-6.5 m, 9 May 1978. 

78 EM-5: Solong-on, Siquijor town, Siquijor Island 

(9°13'00"N, 123°27'30"E). Algae collected from seagrass 

bed, 0.5-3.0 m, 10 May 1978. 

78 EM-7: Tambobo, Siaton, Negros Oriental (9°03'45"N, 

123°07'33"E). Algae collected from isolated limestone 

rocks inside the bay, 1.5-3.0 m, 12 May 1978. 

78 EM-9: Bantayan Beach, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental (9°22'30"N, 123°15'45"E). Algae collected from 

isolated rocks and seagrasses, 1.0-2.0 m, 15 May 1978. 

78 EM-10: Lag-it, Okiot, Bais, Negros Oriental (9°35'46"N, 

123°09'24"E). Algae collected from seagrass beds and 

corals, 1.0-2.0 m, 17 May 1978. 

78 EM-22: Linaon, about 8 km south of Sojoton Point, 

Negros Occidental (9°57'06"N, 122°26'24"E). Algae collected from seagrass bed, dead staghorn corals and isolated 

limestone rocks, 0.5-5.0 m, 28 May 1978. 

78 EM-23: Actin, Basay, Negros Oriental (9°25'00"N, 

122°36'12"E). Algae collected from Sargassum bed, rocks 

and stony corals, 0.5-5.0 m, 29 May 1978. 

78 EM-24: Cabcab, Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental 

(9°05 '30 " N, 123° 11' 15 " E). Algae collected from seagrass 

bed and back reef, 0.2-5.0 m, 2 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-25: Banilad, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental 

(9° 16'45 "N, 123° 18'15 "E). Algae collected from isolated 

rocks, seagrass bed and back reef, 0.5-5.0 m, 3 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-26: Tapon-Norte, San Jose, Negros Oriental 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

(9°25'00"N, 123°14'15"E). Algae collected from rocky 

outcrops, seagrass bed and corals, 0.5-4.0 m, 5 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-27: Suyac Island, off old town of Sagay, Negros 

Occidental (10°57'15"N, 123°27'00"E). Algae collected 

from coral rubbles, 0.3-6.0 m, 8 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-28: Rocky area between Ilacaon Island and Cadiz, 

Negros Occidental (11°00'45"N, 123° 15'52 "E). Algae 

collected from rocks, 2.0 m, 9 June 1978. 

78 EM-29: Ilacaon Island, Negros Occidental (11°02'22"N, 

123°12'00"E). The substrate consists of rocks, corals and 

seagrass, 0.3-6.0 m, 9 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-30: Sumilon Island (9°27'00"N, 123°23'24"E). Algae collected from limestone rocks and corals, 0.3-6.0 m, 

15 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-31: Ayungon, Negros Oriental (9°50'30"N, 123°-

08'30"E). Rocky platform, seagrass and coral rubbles, 

0.3-3.0 m, 17 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-32: Apo Island (9°04'55"N, 123°16'30"E). Algae 

on limestone rocks and dead staghorn corals, 0.5-3.0 m, 

22 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-33: Apo Island, northern end (9°05'09"N, 123°-

16'00"E). Rocks and stony corals provide excellent substrate for algae, 0.4-3.0 m, 23 June 1978. 

78 EM-34: Apo Island, western end (9°04'40"N, 123°-

16'00"E). Algae collected from limestone rocks and corals, 

0.5-3.0 m, 23 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-37: Bantayan Beach, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental (9°22'30"N, 123° 15'45"E). Seagrasses and corals 

provide good substrate for a rich algal flora, 1.0-2.0 m, 23 

Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-39: Calindagan Reef, off Dumaguete City, Negros 

Oriental (9°2 TOO"N, 123° 16'00"E). Algae collected by 

local diver using SCUBA, 26 m, 6 Jun e 1978. 

78 EM-40: Bacolod City, Negros Occidental (10°41'15"N, 

122°56'45"E). Algae collected nearshore from sand substrate, 8 Jun e 1978. 

79 EM-8: Pescador Island, Moalboal, Cebu (9°55'30"N, 

123°20'36"E). Few algae collected from crevices on rocks 

and corals, 0.3-4.5 m, 7 May 1979. 

79 EM-9: Pinagsamahan Beach, Moalboal, Cebu (9°-

56'12"N, 123°23'25"E). Algae abundant in seagrass bed 

and corals, 1.0-4.5 m, 8 May 1979. 

79 EM-11: Northern end of Apo Island, Dauin, Negros 

Oriental (9°05'20"N, 123°16'10"E). Fore-reef slope with 

few algae, 12.0-36.5 m, 10 May 1979. 

79 EM-12: Northwestern portion of Apo Island, Dauin, 

Negros Oriental (9°04'45"N, 123°16'00"E). Algae sparse 

on rocks and rubbles, 0.5-1.5 m, 10 May 1979. 

79 EM-13: Southern end of Apo Island, Dauin, Negros 

Oriental (9°04'10"N, 123° 16'00"E). Algae collected 

from rocks exposed to heavy surf, 0.3-3.5 m, 11 May 1979. 

79 EM-14: Southeastern portion of Apo Island, Dauin, 

Negros Oriental (9°04'30"N, 123°16'15"E). Algae collected from staghorn corals, 0.6-4.5 m, 11 May 1979. 

79 EM-15: Malo, Siaton, Negros Oriental (9°03'00"N, 

122°59'00"E). Algae attached to rocks at 3.0 m, 14 May 

1979. 

79 EM-16: Polopantao, Jimalalud, Negros Oriental (9°-

59'00"N, 123°12'06"E). Algae attached to rocks and 

corals near river mouth, 1.0-3.0 m, 15 May 1979. 

79 EM-18: Barrio Dumanhog, northwestern side of Siquijor 

Island (9°12'57"N, 123°30'14"E). Algae depauperate in 

seagrass bed and rubbles, 4.5 m, 14 May 1979. 

79 EM-21: Barrio Dapdap, northwestern side of Siquijor 

Island (9°13'21"N, 123°29'05"E). Few algae collected 

from rocks, 4.5 m, 15 May 1979. 

79 EM-22: Barrio Cang-aluang, northwestern side of Siquijor Island (9°13'24"N, 123°28'48"E). Algae collected 

from coral reef, 4.5 m, 15 May 1979. 

79 EM-23: Barrio Sabang, Larena, northwestern side of 

Siquijor Island (9°14'27"N, 123°34'00"E). Algae collected from coral reef, 4.5 m, 16 May 1979. 

Class CHLOROPHYCEAE 

Family CAULERPACEAE 

Genus Caulerpa 

Caulerpa Lamouroux, 1809a: 136 

Thallus a branched coenocyte, differentiated 

into a cylindrical, prostrate, creeping stolon and 

erect assimilative branches; attached by branched 

rhizoids; erect branches simple or branched, usually bearing terete, flat or compressed branchlets. 

Thallus internally traversed by extensions (trabeculae) of the cell wall. Reproduction sexual or 

asexual (anisogamous), when sexual, biflagellated 

gametes are liberated through branch papillae. 

Plants are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. 

Key to Species of Caulerpa from Central Visayas 

1. Erect branches angular, with thorn-like or dentate projections, stolons 

naked C. urvilliana 

Erect branches not angular, stolons naked or tomentose 2 
NUMBER 17 

2. Stolons and branches similar in form 3 

Stolons and branches dissimilar in form 4 

3. Erect branches bearing verticillate branchlets C. verticillata 

Erect branches without verticillate branchlets C. fastigiata 

4. Erect branches flat or compressed 5 

Erect branches not flat or compressed 10 

5. Ramelli present 6 

Ramelli absent 9 

6. Ramelli cylindrical 7 

Ramelli flat or compressed 8 

7. Plants small, to 15 mm tall, branches substipitate, bearing pinnules to 

1.5 mm long C. arenicola 

Plants moderately large, to 60 mm tall, branches long-stalked, bearing 

pinnules to 8 mm long C. sertularioides 

8. Branchlets oppositely-pinnate; stolons 200 /xm in diameter 

C. crassifolia 

Branchlets tetrastichous, distichous; stolons 1-2 mm in diameter 

C. reyesii, new species 

9. Branches dichotomous, margins regularly serrate C. serrulata 

Branches proliferous, margins irregularly serrate C. brachypus 

10. Stolon tomentose C. webbiana 

Stolon naked 11 

11. Ramelli seminaviculate, in several ranks C. cupressoides 

Ramelli clavate or abruptly ending in swollen tips 12 

12. Ramelli thick-walled, not translucent C. racemosa 

Ramelli thin-walled, translucent 13 

13. Ramelli many, imbricate or in 4-rows; branches long and near each 

other C. lentillifera 

Ramelli few; branches short, distantly spaced C. microphysa 

* Caulerpa arenicola Taylor 

PLATE 1H 

Caulerpa arenicola Taylor, 1950:55, 204, pl. 28: fig. 2. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants small, forming loose 

mats on sand, to 15 mm tall; the creeping stolon 

branched, terete, to 0.5 mm in diameter, bearing 

very short, slender, few descending branches with 

filiform rhizoids at the ends; the substipitate, 

erect foliar branches simple or forked once or 

twice, with terete rachis, to 300 jum in diameter, 

bearing oppositely-pinnate, cylindrical, filiform 

pinnules, 250-300 /am in diameter, to 1.5 mm 

long, slightly upcurved to straight, distal end 

conical, apiculate with basal end somewhat narrower; the foliar branches of even margin, or 

interrupted occasionally by shorter pinnules. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-9(126-130, 178); 

78 EM-25(7); 79 EM-16(50). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Visayas (Siquijor, 

Negros Oriental). 

Caulerpa brachypus Harvey 

PLATE II 

Caulerpa brachypus Harvey, 1860:333.—Gilbert, 1961:435.— 

Domantay, 1962:279.—Taylor, 1966:350; 1977:4.— 

Trono, 1972:95; 1973:217.—Cordero, 1974:6; 1977:25, 

figs. 2, 3.—Reyes, 1976:153, pl. 7: fig. 4. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants of moderate size, form-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

ing dense, long and spreading mats on sand-mud 

substrate among seagrasses, to 50 mm tall; the 

prostrate, sparingly branched, terete stolon to 1 

mm in diameter, with few descending branches 

bearing filiform rhizoids at the ends; the substipitate, erect foliar branches proliferous occasionally, ligulate, 5-40 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, with 

serrate margins or almost entire in a few specimens, irregularly disposed, 2-15 mm distance 

apart on upper side of stolon. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(29-33, 298-

316); 79EM-22(1,2). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Pangasinan); Visayas (Siquijor, Negros Oriental, Negros 

Occidental); Mindanao (Zamboanga, Basilan, 

Sulu). 

** Caulerpa crassifolia (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 

Plate 1D,E 

Caulerpa taxifolia var. crassifolia C. Agardh, 1823:436. 

Caulerpa crassifolia (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1873:13.—Gilbert, 

1942:12; 1946:78; 1961:436.—Menez, 1961:53. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants forming loose clusters on 

sand, at 10 m, to 43 mm tall; the creeping stolon 

terete, slender, no more than 200 jum in diameter, 

bearing descending branches with filiform, laxly 

branched rhizoids at the ends; the stipitate, erect 

foliar branches simple, with compressed rachis, 

1-1.5 mm wide, bearing oppositely-pinnate, flat 

to compressed ramelli, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1.5-3.5 

mm long, almost with an even width, except for 

slight attenuation near the rounded tip, longer 

ramelli slightly curved; ramelli at mid-portion of 

foliar branch longer than basal and distal portions; foliar branches very few, distantly spaced 

on upper side of prostrate stolon, with stipes 

rarely exceeding 5 mm in length. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—HPC-6 (material collected by H.P. Calumpong). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Pangasinan); Visayas (Negros Oriental). 

REMARKS.—Specimens were collected from 

sandy bottom, 10 m deep, from Ajong, Sibulan, 

Negros Oriental on 12 November 1979. Plants 

examined are smaller compared to those described by Gilbert (1942:12) from West Java. 

Caulerpa cupressoides (West in Vahl) 

C. Agardh 

Plate 1B,C 

Fucus cupressoides West in Vahl, 1802:38. 

Caulerpa cupressoides (West in Vahl) C. Agardh, 1823:441.— 

Reyes, 1972:142; 1976:155, pl. 8: fig. 7. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants of moderate size, forming loose mats on rocks and seagrasses, to 60 mm 

tall; the creeping, terete, naked, sparingly 

branched stolon to 2 mm in diameter, bearing 

descending branches with thick, branched, filiform rhizoids at the ends; the stipitate, erect, 

foliar branches simple or branched, with terete or 

slightly compressed rachis, to 1.5 mm in diameter 

in larger plants, bearing multiseriate or occasionally pinnate, upcurved, compressed, seminaviculate, ovoid, conical, sometines linear branchlets, 

to 2 mm long, not exceeding 0.5 mm at the widest 

portion, with cuspidate or mucronate tips. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-3(62-65); 78 

EM-5(243-245); 78 EM-9(131, 179, 243); 78 EM18(75-79);78EM-25(8-ll). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Visayas (Negros 

Oriental, Siquijor). 

Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne 

PLATE IA 

Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne, 1837:353.—Gilbert, 1942:9; 

1961:436.—Reyes, 1976:154, pl. 8: figs. 1, 2. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants filiform, forming thick 

mats on rocks and sand, to 30 mm tall; the terete, 

creeping stolon to 300 /xm in diameter, with laxly 

branched, filiform rhizoids borne at the ends of 

descending filaments; the ascending filaments 

morphologically similar to stolons, with subopposite, alternate, dichotomous or occasionally 

sub verticillate branches, to 1 mm long, 150-225 

/mi in diameter, with obtuse or rounded apices. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(215-225); 78 
NUMBER 17 

EM-27(29A); 78 EM-31(25); 78 EM-34(643); 78 

EM-37(16). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Oriental 

Mindoro); Visayas (Negros Oriental, Siquijor, 

Suyac, Apo); Mindanao (Zamboanga, Basilan). 

Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh 

PLATE 1F,G 

Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh, 1837:173.—Gilbert, 1942:23, 

1961:436.—Domantay, 1962:277.—Trono, 1972:96; 1973: 

217; 1975:33; 1978:4.—Reyes, 1976:155, 162, pl. 8: fig. 

6.—Trono and Tuazon, 1978:3. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants small, in loose mats on 

coral rubbles and rocks, to 30 mm tall; the terete 

stolon widespread, to 2 mm in diameter, bearing 

long, descending branches, to 20 mm long, with 

laxly branched, filiform rhizoids at the ends; the 

few, shortly stipitate, erect branches simple or 

subsimple, with terete rachis, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, bearing spherical translucent ramelli, to 

1.5 mm in diameter, supported by stalks, 0.5-1.0 

mm long; ramelli conspicuously constricted at the 

base, imbricately arranged or in rows of four. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(34, 227, 228); 

79 EM-18(62, 63); 79 EM-23(12). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Oriental 

Mindoro, Pangasinan, Sorsogon, Catanduanes, 

Marinduque); Visayas (Negros Oriental, Siquijor); Mindanao (Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu). 

** Caulerpa microphysa (Weber-van Bosse) 

Feldmann 

PLATE 2L 

Caulerpa racemosa var. clavifera f. microphysa Weber-van Bosse, 

1898:361, pl. 33: fig. 5. 

Caulerpa microphysa (Weber-van Bosse) Feldmann, 1955: 

430.—Taylor, 1966: 350. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants small, forming dense 

clusters on corals and rocks, to 15 mm tall; the 

prostrate, terete, naked stolon less than 1 mm in 

diameter, bearing descending branches with 

branched, filiform rhizoids at the ends; the ascending branches on the upper side of the stolon 

shortly stipitate, simple or occasionally branched, 

with terete rachis bearing crowded, spherical ramelli, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, supported by stalks, 

0.5 mm long, constricted at the apical end. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(34A); 78 EM33(545-547); 78 EM-30(10-12); 78 EM-34(137-

139); 79 EM-8(10-15); 79 EM-ll(ll); 79 EM12(7-9, 105-107); 79 EM-18(63-67); 79 EM21(16,17); 79EM-22(15-17). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Visayas (Negros 

Oriental, Sumilon, Apo, Pescador, Siquijor); 

Mindanao (Zamboanga). 

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh 

Fucus racemosus Forsskal, 1775:191. 

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh, 1873:35.—Gilbert, 

1946:78.—Velasquez, 1953:100.—Menez, 1961:51.—Taylor, 1966:350.—Reyes, 1972:142.—Trono, 1972:96; 1973: 

218.—Velasquez, Cornejo, Santiago, and Baens-Arcega, 

1973:14, pl. 4: fig. 20.—Trono, 1975:33; 1978:5.—Velasquez, Trono, and Doty, 1975:131.—Trono and Tuazon, 

1978:3.—Cordero, 1978:280. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants highly variable, forming 

loose to dense, sometimes entangled colonies, consisting of few to many erect branches, simple or 

branched, bearing clavate, turbinate, spherical, 

hemispherical or discoid ramelli, which are stipitate or substipitate, having obtuse or flattened 

tips; ramelli distichously, multiseriately or imbricately arranged on terete rachis; creeping stolon 

terete, with short or long descending branches, 

giving off branched rhizoids at the ends. 

** Caulerpa racemosa var. clavifera (Turner) 

Weber-van Bosse 

PLATE 2A 

Fucus clavifer Turner, 1808:126. 

Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C. Agardh, 1817:xxiii.—Dickie, 

1877:244.—Howe, 1932:169. 

Caulerpa racemosa var. clavifera (Turner) Weber-van Bosse, 

1898:361.—Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:437.—Galutira and 

Velasquez, 1964:496. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants up to 50 mm tall, with 

irregularly spaced erect branches, simple or oc-
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

casionally branched, bearing ramelli that are 

gradually expanded into a round end, to 2 mm 

in diameter; ramelli distichously or irregularly 

arranged on terete rachis. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-32(53); 78 EM33(548-552); 79 EM-12(13-18); 79 EM-23(11, 

12). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Batanes, 

Babuyan Island, La Union, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Quezon, Oriental Mindoro); Visayas (Panay, Negros Oriental, Apo); 

Mindanao (Zamboanga, Misamis Oriental, Basilan, Sulu). 

Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (Kiitzing) 

Taylor 

PLATE 2C 

Chauvinia macrophysa Kiitzing, 1857:6. 

Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (Kiitzing) Taylor, 1928: 

101.—Gilbert, 1942:19; 1961:439.—Domantay, 1962: 

277.—Taylor, 1966:351. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants large, to 100 mm tall; 

erect branches simple or occasionally branched, 

few and distantly spaced on stout, creeping stolon; branches bearing ramelli expanded into a 

hemispherical end and arranged irregularly on 

terete rachis. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(l-23, 260-263, 

270-297); 79 EM-18(68-71, 80, 81); 79 EM-21(6-

11); 79EM-22(64). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Pangasinan, Oriental Mindoro); Visayas (Cebu, Negros 

Oriental, Siquijor); Mindanao (Basilan, Sulu). 

** Caulerpa racemosa var. occidentalis 

(J. Agardh) B0rgesen 

PLATE 2B 

Caulerpa chemnilzia var. occidentalis J. Agardh, 1873:37. 

Caulerpa racemosa var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) B0rgesen, 

1907:379.—Domantay, 1962:278.—Taylor, 1966:351. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants up to 50 mm tall; creeping, terete stolon giving off erect branches, simple 

or rarely branched, bearing ramelli abruptly expanded into subspherical ends, reaching 4 mm in 

diameter, distichously or radially arranged on 

terete rachis. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-1(13, 14, 50, 51, 

77, 78); 78 EM-9(132); 78 EM-10(80, 81); 78 

EM-23(183); 78 EM-24(2-5); 78 EM-26(1, 2); 78 

EM-28(53); 78 EM-29(24-29); 78 EM-30(l-5); 

78 EM-31(1, 2); 78 EM-34(131); 78 EM-37 (1-

5);78 EM-38(383, 390, 392, 394); 79 EM-8(17); 

79 EM-12(13-18, 108-117); 79 EM-14(6-12); 79 

EM-21(5). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Oriental 

Mindoro, Pangasinan, Sorsogon, Catanduanes, 

Marinduque); Visayas (Negros Oriental, Siquijor); Mindanao (Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu). 

** Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata 

(Lamouroux) Eubank 

PLATE 2 K 

Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux, 1809b:332.—Gilbert, 1942:22. 

Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata (Lamouroux) Eubank, 1946: 

421.—Gilbert, 1961:439. 

DESCRIPTION.—Specimens belonging to this 

species exhibit several different forms, but consistently show the characteristic of having peltate 

disks at the distal ends of short stalks. The same 

plant may bear peltate and spherical to turbinate 

ramelli. The discoid ramelli may be borne on 

ascending branches, arranged alternately in several ranks or produced directly from the dorsal 

side of the creeping stolon and supported by 

terete stipes. Plants found in sheltered areas seem 

to be the largest, having terete stolons, to 1 mm 

in diameter, bearing single, stipitate, peltate disks, 

1-5 mm in diameter. The depauperate forms 

were mostly found in rocky, exposed areas and 

these showed a high degree of polymorphism. 

They were smaller; slender stolon to 300 jum in 

diameter, bearing single, stipitate, peltate disks, 

which are less than 2 mm in diameter; disks 

sometimes several on erect branches; from margins of disks, occasionally other branches are produced. The stolon bears short, descending 

branches, with branched filiform rhizoids at the 

ends. 
NUMBER 17 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-25(l-6); 78 EM33(384, 386-389, 397-399, 401, 402, 542-544); 78 

EM-34(124-130, 132, 140-145); 78 EM-30(6); 78 

EM-32(24); 79 EM-8(16); 79 EM-11(16, 17); 79 

EM-12(10-12, 118-120); 79 EM-15(311); 79 EM18(59-61); 79EM-21(9-12); 79 EM-22(11-14). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Oriental 

Mindoro); Visayas (Negros Oriental, Siquijor, 

Apo, Sumilon, Pescador); Mindanao (Zamboanga). 

** Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (Turner) 

J. Agardh 

PLATE 2D 

Fucus uvifer Turner, 1819:81, pl. 230. 

Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (Turner) J. Agardh, 1873:35.— 

Gilbert, 1961:440. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants simple, erect branches to 

30 mm tall, bearing stalked ramelli, imbricately 

disposed, closely crowded, gradually expanded to 

swollen tips; length of stalk supporting ramelli 

about the same as diameter of swollen ends. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—79 EM-22(60-63). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Visayas (Siquijor); 

Mindanao (Zamboanga). 

Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh 

PLATE 2E 

Fucus serrulatus Forsskal, 1775:189. 

Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh, 1837:174.—Gilbert, 

1942:14; 1946:78; 1961:440.—Domantay, 1962:278.— 

Menez, 1961:53.—Taylor, 1966:351.—Reyes, 1972:142.— 

Trono, 1972:96; 1973:218; 1975:33.—Cordero, 1973:19.— 

Velasquez, Cornejo, Santiago, and Baens-Arcega, 

1973:15, pl. 5: fig. 21.—Trono and Tuazon, 1978:3. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants moderately large, widespread, in dense colonies on rocks and coral rubbles, to 50 mm tall; the creeping, terete stolon 

with few, short, descending branches having 

branched rhizoids at the ends; ascending 

branches many, flat or compressed, twisted, once 

to several times dichotomously or irregularly 

branched; branches regularly with serrate margins, to 30 mm long, 3 mm broad, supported by 

terete stalks, 3-7 mm long. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-7(1); 78 EM9(114-120); 78 EM-25(21); 78 EM-29(6-10); 78 

EM-30(11); 78 EM-31(4-9); 79 EM-8(6-9); 79 

EM-9(18); 79 EM-15(197-200); 79 EM-16(48, 

49). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Ilocos Sur, 

Pangasinan, Bataan, Batangas, Catanduanes, 

Sorsogon, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro); Visayas (Leyte, Siquijor, Sumilon, Apo, Negros Oriental); Mindanao (Zamboanga, Basilan). 

** Caulerpa serrulata var. boryana f. 

occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) 

Yamada and Tanaka 

PLATE 2F 

Caulerpa freycinetii var. boryana f. occidentalis Weber-van Bosse, 

1898:315, pl. 25: fig. 11. 

Caulerpa serrulata var. boryana i. occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) 

Yamada and Tanaka, 1938:62.—Gilbert, 1942:15; 

1961:441. 

DESCRIPTION.—Erect branches to 30 mm tall, 

1-3 times dichotomously branched, flat or compressed, supported by a long, terete stalk, to 7 

mm long; branches not twisted. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—78 EM-24(1). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Palawan (Culion); 

Visayas (Negros Oriental); Mindanao (Sulu). 

Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe 

PLATE 3 F 

Fucus sertularioides Gmelin, 1768:151. 

Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe, 1905:576.—Blanco, 

1938:512.—Gilbert, 1946:78; 1961:441.—Domantay, 

1962:278.—Menez, 1961:52.—Taylor, 1966:351.—Reyes, 

1972:143.—Velasquez, Cornejo, Santiago, and Baens-Arcega, 1973:14, pl. 4: fig. 19.—Trono, 1972:96.—Cordero, 

1978:280. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants moderately large, widespread, forming loose colonies on rocks and corals, 

to 60 mm (rarely 100 mm) tall; stolon terete, to 

1 mm in diameter, bearing few, short, descending 

branches with branched rhizoids at the ends; the 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

erect, simple or occasionally branched, featherlike branches with long stalks extending into a 

terete rachis, to 1 mm in diameter, bearing cylindrical, pinnately arranged pinnules, commonly 8 

mm long, 200 jum in diameter, upcurved with 

mucronate tips. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(35-38, 317-

323); 78 EM-22(2, 3, 14); 78 EM-40(1); 79 EM18(72-74); 79 EM-23(9, 10). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Babuyan 

Island, Pangasinan, Fafaan, Batangas, Manila 

Bay, Oriental Mindoro, Sorsogon); Visayas (Siquijor, Aklan, Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental); Mindanao (Sulu). 

Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne 

PLATE 3D,E 

Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne, 1845:21.—Taylor, 1966:352.— 

Trono, 1972:97; 1973:219.—Reyes, 1976:154, pl. 7: fig. 5. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants large, commonly forming loose colonies on sand, to 150 mm tall; the 

terete stolon to 3.5 mm in diameter, bearing few 

to many cylindrical, descending branches with 

long, branched rhizoids; the terete, erect branches 

several times dichotomously or alternately 

branched, with mamillate, multiseriately disposed protuberances and mucronate tips; these 

erect branches, 20-140 mm tall, supported by 

terete stalk, 10-60 mm long. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-5(39-46, 246-

259); 79 EM-21(13-15); 79 EM-22(56-59, 95). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Luzon (Sorsogon); 

Palawan; Visayas (Siquijor, Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental); Mindanao. 

* Caulerpa webbiana Montagne 

PLATE 2G-J 

Caulerpa webbiana Montagne, 1838:129. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants small, in thick cushions 

on exposed rocks, to 15 mm tall; the terete, 

creeping stolon beset with few, short, determinate 

branchlets, divided once to few times; the terete, 

descending branches on the ventral side of the 

stolon, naked or with few determinate branchlets, 

bearing laxly branched rhizoids at the ends; ascending branches from stolon many, simple or 

branched, 10-15 mm tall, having many whorls, 

sometimes distichous determinate branchlets 1-5 

times divided, with mucronate tips. Plants in 

sheltered habitat have fewer, but longer branches, 

occasionally with distichous determinate branchlets. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—78 EM-32(54); 78 EM33(132-144, 541). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Visayas (Apo). 

Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh 

PLATE 3A-C 

Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh, 1847:6.—Gilbert, 1961:442.— 

Trono, 1973:219.—Reyes, 1976:154, pl. 8: fig. 3. 

DESCRIPTION.—Plants filiform, attached to 

rocks and corals, to 50 mm tall; the creeping, 

naked terete stolon with numerous short, descending branches, terminated by laxly branched, filiform rhizoids; the terete, erect branches, simple 

or irregularly branched, bearing abundant tufts 

of whorled, determinate branchlets, to 180 jum in 

diameter, to 8 times dichotomously branched; the 

filiform branchlets constricted at the base, with 

2-3 teeth at the apices. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—79 EM-12(3-6). 

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—Palawan; Visayas 

(Siquijor, Apo); Mindanao (Sulu, Basilan). 

* Caulerpa reyesii, new species 

FIGURE 2; PLATE 3G-I 

DESCRIPTION.—Plantae mediocriter robustae in 

coloniis laxis late effusae. Stolones repentes teretes 

ramosi ad 2.5 mm in diametro; rami descendentes 

ad 60 mm longi in apicem rhizoideis filiformis 

ferentes; rami ascendentes 10-70 mm alti simplices vel interdum frondiformes; frondes basi vel 

ad medio ramosae basi breviter terete stipitatae, 

stipitis in rachidis compressis 1 mm latis continuis, ramulis subsessilibus complanatis obovatis 
NUMBER 17 11 

1S2L 

2 IN. 

FIGURE 2.—Habit of Caulerpa reyesii, new species. Holotype: 78 EM-5(330), Solong-on, Siquijor 

Island, 10 May 1978. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

clavatis adaxialiter incurvalis ad 7 mm longis et 

in partibus latissimus 2 mm latis plerumque as 

apicem mucronatis vel cuspidatis distichis vel 

variabiliter tetrastichis et subimbricatis. 

Plants moderately robust, widespread, forming 

loose colonies. The creeping stolon terete, 

branched, to 2.5 mm in diameter, bearing long, 

terete, descending branches, to 60 mm long, with 

filiform rhizoids at the ends. The ascending 

branches from stolon, 10-70 mm tall, simple or if 

branched, secondary branching produced from 

the mid-portion or the lower margin of the compressed rachis; erect branches supported by short, 

cylindrical stalks that extend into a compressed 

rachis, 1 mm broad, bearing subsessile, flat, overlapping, obovate, clavate ramelli, which are adaxially incurved, tetrastichous, distichous, to 7 mm 

long and 2 mm at the widest portion, mostly 

mucronate or cuspidate at the tips. 

HOLOTYPE.—78 EM-5(330), on coral rubbles 

and sand in seagrass bed, at Solong-on, Siquijor 

Island, Philippines, 10 May 1978; deposited in 

the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, U.S.A. Isotypes deposited in the Philippine National Herbarium, Manila, Philippines and Silliman University Herbarium, Dumaguete City, Philippines. 

PARATYPES STUDIED.—78 EM-5(24-28). 

REMARKS.—It is with great pleasure to name 

this species of Caulerpa after our colleague and 

friend, Professor Alfredo Reyes, Department of 

Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, 

Philippines, for his unselfish efforts to advance 

phycological studies in Central Visayas. Professor 

Reyes (1976:157, pl. 9: figs. 6, 7) previously recorded and described this species as Caulerpa species. His specimens were collected from "dead 

coral-sandy bottom at the lower intertidal zone" 

at Siquijor Island, Philippines. 
Literature Cited 

Agardh, CA . 

1817. Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae, adjecla disposilione universali algarum. xl + 135 pages. Lund. 

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2, pages 169-521. Lund. 

Agardh, J.G. 

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1847. Nya alger fran Mexico. Ofversigt af Kongliga Velenskaps Akademiens Fbrhandlingar, 4:5-17. 

1873. Till algernes systematik, I: Caulerpa., II: Zonaria., 

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pages. 

Blanco, G.J. 

1938. Fisheries of Northeastern Luzon and the Babuyan 

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B0rgesen, F. 

1907. An Ecological and Systematic Account of the 

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og Mathematik Afd, 4(5):337-392, 31 figures. 

Calumpong, H.P. 

1981. The Systematics and Distribution of the Benthic 

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Cordero, P.A., Jr. 

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1974. Distribution oi Caulerpa brachypus Harvey (Chlorophyta) in Japa n and Adjacent Regions. Nankiseibutu: Nanki Biological Society, 16(1):6-9. 

1977. Phycological Observations, V: Gross Morphological Polymorphisms in Caulerpa brachypus (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from the Philippines, with 

Notes on Their Taxonomy. Bulletin of the Japanese 

Society of Phycology, 25:25-30, 3 figures. 

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Dickie, G. 

1877. Contributions to the Botany of the Expedition of 

H.M.S. Challenger. Journal of the Linnean Society [of 

London] (Botany), 15:235-246. 

Domantay, J.S. 

1962. An Ecological Survey of the Marine Vegetation of 

the Hundred Islands and Vicinity. 77?* Philippine 

Journal of Science, 90(2):27l-295. 

Eubank, L.L. 

1946. Hawaiian Representatives of the Genus Caulerpa. 

University of California Publications in Botany, 

18(18):409-432, figures 1, 2, plate 22. 

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1955. Les plantes des Caulerpa et leur valeur systematique. Revue General de Botanique, 62:422-431, figures 1, 2. 

Forsskal, P. 

1775. Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. 219 pages. Copenhagen. 

Galutira, E.C., and GT . Velasquez 

1964. Taxonomy, Distribution and Seasonal Occurrence 

of Edible Marine Algae in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Science, 92(4) :483-

522, figure 1, plates 1-9. 

Gilbert, W.J. 

1942. Notes on Caulerpa from Java and the Philippines. 

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Letters, 27:7-26, 5 figures. 

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to 1940. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 

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1961. An Annotated Checklist of Philippine Marine 

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88(4) :413-449, 1 plate. 

Gmelin, S.G 

1768. Historia fucorum. 239 pages, 33 plates. St. Petersburg. 

Harvey, W.H. 

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Howe, M.A. 

1905. Phycological Studies, II: New Chlorophyceae, 

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plates 23-29. 

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Negros (Philippines) and Niuafoou (between Sa13 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH E MARINE SCIENCES 

moa and Fiji). Journal of the Washington Academy of 

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Kiitzing, FT . 

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1961. The Marine Algae of the Hundred Islands, Philippines. 77z* Philippine Journal of Science, 90(1):37-

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espece nouvelle des lies Canaries. Annates des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, 9:129-150. 

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corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee. 168 pages, 20 plates. 

Paris. 

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1972. A Survey of the Littoral Benthic Algae of the 

Coastal Areas of Dumaguete City. 77z* Philippine 

Journal of Science, 99(3-4): 131-163. 

1976. The Littoral Benthic Algae of Siquijor Province, 

I: Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. The Philippine 

Journal of Science, 105(3): 133-191, 11 plates. 

Taylor, W.R. 

1928. The Marine Algae of Florida, with Special Reference to the Dry Tortugas. In Papers from the 

Tortugas Laboratory, 25. Carnegie Institution of 

Washington Publication, 379: 219 pages, plates 1-37. 

1950. Plants of Bikini and Other Northern Marshall 

Islands. University of Michigan Studies (Scientific Series), 18: 227 pages, 79 plates. 

1966. Records of Asian and Western Pacific Marine 

Algae, Particularly Algae from Indonesia and the 

Philippines. Pacific Science, 20(3):342-359, figures 

1,2. 

1977. Notes on Plants of the Genus Caulerpa in the 

Herbarium of Maxwell S. Doty at the University 

of Hawaii. Atoll Research Bulletin, 208:1-7. 

Trono, G.C., Jr. 

1972. Annotated Checklist of Some Marine Benthic Algae from Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago. University 

of the Philippines Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, 

24(3):85-112. 

1973. The Marine Algae of Siasi Island and Vicinity, I: 

Introduction and Chlorophyta. Kalikasan, Philippine Journal of Biology, 1:207-228. 

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41. 

1978. Notes on Some Marine Benthic Algae of Sta. Cruz, 

Marinduque, Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural Science Research Center Technical Report, 

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Trono, G.C., Jr., and A. Tuazon 

1978. Notes on Some Marine Benthic Algae from Bakawan and Sula Islands, Province of Catanduanes, 

Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural Science Research Center Technical Report, 53: 19 pages. 

Turner, D. 

1808. Fuci sive planlarum fucorum genen a botamcis asenptarum 

icones, descriptiones et historia. Volume 1, 165 pages, 

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1819. Fuci sive planlarum fucorum genen a botamcis ascriptarum 

icones, descriptiones et historia. Volume 4, 153 pages, 

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1802. Endeel Kryptogamiske planter (fuci) fra St. Croix. 

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Velasquez, GT . 

1953. Seaweed Resources of the Philippines. In Proceedings of the First International Seaweed Symposium, Institute of Seaweed Research, Scotland, pages 100-101. 

Velasquez, G.T., D.F. Cornejo, A.E. Santiago, and L. BaensArcega 

1973. Algal Communities of Exposed and Protected Marine Waters of Batangas and Bataan. The Philippine Journal of Science, 100(1): 40 pages, 1 figure, 14 

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1975. Algal Species Reported from the Philippines. The 

Philippine Journal of Science, 101(3-4): 115-169. 

Weber-van Bosse, A. 

1898. Monographic des Caulerpes. Annates dujardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, 15:243-401, plates 20-34. 

Yamada, Y., and T. Tanaka 

1938. The Marine Algae from the Island of Yonakuni. 

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2(l):53-86. 
PLATES 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 1 

(illustrations reduced to 53%) 

FIGURE A.—Caulerpa fastigiata, habit, X 2. 

FIGURE B.—Caulerpa cupressoides, habit, X 2. 

FIGURE c.—Same, pinnules, showing 3-ranked branching, X 4. 

FIGURES D., E.—Caulerpa crassifolia, habit, X 1, 

FIGURE F.—Caulerpa lentillifera, ramelli, showing imbricate branching and constricted bases, 

X 13. 

FIGURE G.—Same, habit, X 2.6. 

FIGURE H.—Caulerpa arenicola, habit, X 3. 

FIGURE I.— Caulerpa brachypus, habit X 1.3. 
NUMBE

R 17 

17 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 2 

(illustrations reduced to 53%) 

FIGURE A.—Caulerpa racemosa var. clavifera, habit, X 2.5. 

FIGURE B.—Caulerpa racemosa var. occidentalis, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE c.—Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE D.—Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE E.—Caulerpa serrulata, typical, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE F.—Caulerpa serrulata var. boryana i. occidentalis, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE G.—Caulerpa webbiana, habit X 2. 

FIGURE H.—Same, erect branch with whorled branchlets, X 12. 

FIGURE I.—Same, erect branch with distichous branchlets, X 16. 

FIGURE J.—Same, stolon beset with determinate branchlets, X 16. 

FIGURE K.—Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata, habit, X 2. 

FIGURE L.—Caulerpa microphysa, habit, X 2. 
NUMBE

R 17 

19 
2 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

PLATE 3 

(illustrations reduced to 55%) 

FIGURE A.— Caulerpa verticillata, habit, X 3.3. 

FIGURE B.—Same branchlets with toothed apices, X 31. 

FIGURE c.—Same, portion of erect branching showing whorled branchlets, X 7. 

FIGURE D.—Caulerpa urvilliana, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE E.—Same, erect branch with mamillate protuberances, X 6. 

FIGURE F.—Caulerpa sertularioides, habit, X 2. 

FIGURE G.—Caulerpa reyesii, new species, habit, X 1. 

FIGURE H.—Same, erect branch with multi-ranked branchlets, X 3.5. 

FIGURE I.—Same, erect branch with distichous branchlets, X 3. 
NUMBER 17 21 



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