DEPAETMENT OF THE INTEKIOK

WATER-SUPPLY

AND

IRRIGATION PAPERS

OP THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

2>To. 49

OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PAKT III

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1901
IRRIGATION REPORTS. 1

The following list contains titles and brief descriptions of the principal reports 

relating to water supply and irrigation, prepared by the United States Geological

Survey since 1890:

1890.

First Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1890; octavo, 123 pp.

Printed as Part II, Irrigation, of the Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888-89. Contains a statement of the origin of the Irrigation Survey, a preliminary 

report on the organization and prosecution of the survey of the arid lands for purposes of 

irrigation, and report of work done during 18!)0.

1891.

Second Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1891; octavo, 395 pp.

Published as Part II, Irrigation, of the Eleventh Annual Report of the United States 

Geological Survey, 1889-90. Contains a description of the hydrography of the arid region 

and of the engineering operations carried on by the Irrigation Survey during 1890; also the 

statement of the Director of the Survey to the House Committee on Irrigation, and other 

papers, including a bibliography of irrigation literature. Illustrated by "9 plates and 4 

figures.

Third Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1891; octavo, 576 pp.

Printed as Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 

1890-91. Contains "Report upon the location and survey of reservoir oUes during the fiscal 

year ended June 30,1891," by A. H. Thompson; " Hydrography of the arid regions," by 

F. H. Newell; "Irrigation in India," by Herbert M. Wilson, illustrated by 93 plates and 

190 figures.

Bulletins of the Eleventh Census of the United States upon irrigation, prepared by 

F. H. Newell: quarto.

No. 35, Irrigation in Arizona; No. 60, Irrigation in New Mexico; No. 85, 

Irrigation in Utah; No. 107, Irrigation in Wyoming; No. 153, Irrigation in 

Montana; No. 157, Irrigation in Idaho; No. 163, Irrigation in Nevada: No. 178, 

Irrigation in Oregon; No. 193, Artesian wells for irrigation; No. 198, Irrigation in Washington.

1893.

Irrigation of western United States, by F. H. Newell; extra census bulletin No. 

33, September 9,1892; quarto, 22 pp.

Contains tabulations showing the total number, average size, etc., of irrigated holdings, 

the total area and average size of irrigated farms in the subhumid regions, the percentage 

of number of farms irrigated, character of crops, value of irrigated lands, the average cost 

of irrigation, the investment and profits, together with a resume of the water supply and 

a description of irrigation by artesian wells. Illustrated by colored maps showing the 

location and relative extent of the irrigated areas.

1893.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, Part 

III, Irrigation, 1893; octavo, 486 pp.

Consists of three papers: "Water supply for irrigation," by P. H. Newell; "American 

irrigation engineering" and "Engineering results of the Irrigation Survey," by Herbert 

M. Wilson; " Construction of topographic maps and selection and survey of reservoir sites," 

by A. H. Thompson. Illustrated by 77 plates and 119 figures.

A geological reconnoissance in central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell, 1893; 

octavo, 108 pp., 15 plates. Bulletin No. 108 of the United States Geological 

Survey; price, 15 cents.

Contains a description of the examination of the geologic structure in and adjacent to 

the drainage basin of Yakima River and the great plains of the Columbia to the east of this 

area, with special reference to the occurrence of artesian waters.

1894.

Report on agriculture by irrigation in the western part of the United States at the 

Eleventh Census, 1890, by F. H. Newell, 1894; quarto, 283 pp.

Consists of a general description of the condition of irrigation in the United States, the 

area irrigated, cost of works, their value and profits; also describes the water supply, the 

value of water, of artesian wells, reservoirs, and other details; then takes up each State 

and Territory in order, giving a general description of the condition of agriculture by irrigation, and discusses the physical conditions and local peculiarities in each county.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, in two 

parts; Part II, Accompanying papers, 1894; octavo, 597 pp.

Contains papers on "Potable waters of the eastern United States," by WJ McGee; 

" Natural mineral waters of the United States," by A. C. Peale; " Results of stream measurements," by F. H. Newell. Illustrated by maps and diagrams.

IRR 49

(Continued on third page of cover.)
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

WATER-SUPPLY

IRRIGATION PAPERS

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. 49

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1901

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES I). WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900

A REPORT OF THE

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY

OF THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

III

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1901

CONTENTS.

Page.

Measurements at river stations .-.---.------.-.---------.----.----..------ 203

Miscellaneous measurements of streams in southern Appalachian region. 203

Olentangy liiver at Columbus,Ohio._.-._-.-.----.--....-------------- 218

Scioto River at Columbus, Ohio ..--..__-.-.------...----.--.-..--.---- 219

Maumee River near Watervilie,Ohio.-..------..--- ..--_-----.-.--.-. 220

Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio ...---.--..-_---..------ .-.....---. 221

Sandusky River at Fremont,Oh:o......._...-._--.,------..----.---. - 221

Seneca River at Baldwinsville,New York -.-....--...-.-.----.----_--. 223

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, New York........................... 223

Oneida Creek at Ken wood, New York ............. .... ............... 225

West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville, New York............. 227

Os wego River above Minetto, New York .............................. 229

Oswego River at high dam near Oswego, New York ................... 231

Salmon River above Pulaski, New York_.............................. 234

Moose River at Moose River,New York ..... __..,-.._..,..... ..-. .... 234

Beaver River, New York..,.. .......... ........ ................... 235

Black River at Hunting!:onville dam, near Watertown, New York ... . 236

Grand River, Michigan .....--.....--.-...-....---.-,....-. .... ....... 239

Muskegon River, Michigan........ -........-.--..-...--,.......--..--. 249

Huron River, Michigan ..............._.....................-..-...-.. 251

Thunder Bay River,Michigan............-......_-..--.-.._ .......... 252

St. Joseph River,Michigan .... ..-.----.---_. ..--.-.---.--..--.-.--. 253

Kalamazoo Biver, Michigan ............................................ 257

Streams of northern peninsula of Michigan...........--.---........-.. 259

Mississippi River at St.Paul,Minnesota - ..............-....---.....-.. 260

West Gallatin River near Salesville, Montana......--.-..-...-.--..... 260

Middle Creek near Bozeman, Montana .-...--.-.----..----.---.--.--- 261

Gallatin River at Logan, Montana . .......----.........---.--.-..---- 262

Madison Biver near Bedbluff,Montana ...-._....._................... 263

Jefferson River at Sappington, Montana ...-..--.-..-..--.....-..-..-. 264

Missouri River at Townsend, Montana---.--.--......._.-.-..--....--. 265

Crow Creek, Montana ................................................ 266

Milk River at Havre, Montana........................................ 267

Yellowstone River near Livingston, Montana - ...--.-..-.-..-..-..--. 268

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of streams in Montana......... 268

Bighorn River near Thermopolis, Wyoming......,...-----..---....... 269

Clear Creek near Buffalo, Wyoming ........... ._...-..-...---....--- 270

Big Sioux River near Watertown, South Dakota ...... ............... 270

Big Sioux River near Sioux Falls, South Dakota .. .....---.--.....-.. 271

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Cheyenne River and its tributaries ....._..--..-..-..-_-.--..--------.-.--.--.-.-.---..-.--..--. 271

North Platte Biver......... ......................................... 273

Grand Encampment Creek at Peryam's ranch, Wyoming.............. 273

Laramie River at Woods, Wyoming ..-....--.-.--.._--.---..---.----- 273

201
202 CONTENTS.

Measurements at river stations Continued. Page.

Laramie River near Uva, Wyoming ........... . ., ................. 274

N orth Platte River at Orin Junction, Wyoming...--_-..-.-....- ...... 274

North Platte River near Guernsey, Wyoming......................... 275

North Platte River at Gering, Nebraska ..-.....--.-.,..-....--. ..... 276

North Platte River at Camp Clarke. Nebraska ......-..-.-..-...-...... 276

North Platte River at North Platte, Nebraska ........................ 277

South Platte River ........ ............ .............._...... ....-.-, 278

South Fork of South Platte River at Lake Cheesnian, Colorado-......-- 280

South Platte River near Platte Canyon, Colorado .... .....^......... .. 280

South Platte River at Denver, Colorado.... ........................... -281

South Platte River at Orchard, Colorado... ....-..--..--..-....-.... 282

South Platte River at Julesburg, Colorado...... ...................... 283

 Bear Creek near Morrison, Colorado .........-..------.-.....------.- 284

Clear Creek at Forkscreek, Colorado ............ .-..-..-.---.-.....,. 285

South Boulder Creek near Marshall, Colorado...-_----_.-.....-.....,. 286

Boulder Creek near Boulder, Colorado ................. .._.-..-..... 287

St. Vrain Creek near Lyons, Colorado.... ...... ..-..-.-....-.--....-- 288

Big Thompson Creek near Arkins, Colorado........... ................. 290

Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado .................... 291
OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900.

PART III.

MEASUREMENTS AT RIVER STATIONS. 1

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF STREAMS IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION.

A hydrographic investigation of the southern Appalachian region 

was made during the field season of 1900. A detailed report of the 

work will appear in a later publication. During the progress of the 

investigation a large number of measurements were made of various 

streams, as shown in the following tables. The tables are arranged 

in geographic order, commencing with the more northerly streams, 

which drain into the Atlantic Ocean, and ending with those which 

belong to the Gulf drainage.

Miscellaneous disclutrge measurements of Yadkin River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900.

June 33 July 4

July 12

Oct. 1

Nov. 4

June 30

July 14

June 30

July 13

Aug. 6

Sept.St.

July 13

Aug. 6

Sept. 36

June 31

July 13

Aug. 6

Sent. 36

Stream.

.... .do ........... .....

.....do................

.....do................

.. ...do. .......... .....

.... .do.... .. ........ ..

.... .do ........... .....

.... .do. ......... ......

.... .do ............... .

... ..do...... ...... ....

.. ...do. .......... .....

Elk Creek.-. .... ....

.... .do... .... ....-.

. .do... .... . 

.....do................

.....do................

.... .do... .............

kin Elver. 

..... do.... ...... ......

... ..do. ............. ..

.....do... ............

Locality.

.....do..........................

.... .do. ..................... ....

.... .do. ..................... ....

.....do..........................

.....do................... ....

son's mill. North Carolina. 

... ..do ....... ....... ..-..

.....do..........................

.... .do ..........................

N. e.

.... .do...... ................ ...-

... ..do..... .....................

.....do. ......................

North Carolina, 

.-...do... ......................

.....do.... ................ ......

.....do..........................

ant road, North Carolina. 

.....do.... ......t. ..............

... ..do... .......................

... ..do ..........................

Hydrographer.

N. 0. Curtis.. 

.....do............

..... .do. ........ ...

.....do. ........

.....do........... .

.....do............

.....do....... ..

.... .do. ...........

.... .do. ...........

.....do.... ....... .

.... .do. ......... ..

. ....do. ....... ....

.... .do. .......... .

.... .do. ....... ....

... ..do. ........ ...

. ....do. .......... .

.....do............

 .do. ........

.....do...... ......

.....do.... ........

.....do. ...........

. do... ..... ....

.....do... . ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

26.73

26.14

36.83

27.05

37.20

37.20

26.22

13.3

13.5

13.4

13.53

2.4

2.43

2.60

2.61

2.65

2.70

2.87

3.10

3.33

3.30

3.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

780.0

1, 737. 0

663.0

488.2

386.0

369.1

1,331.0

182.0

100.3

76.2

43.0

119.0

61.0

37.0

30.0

78.4

80.5

50.0

31.10

127.0

99.0

69.0

63.0

1 Continued from Water-Supply Paper No.

203
204 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of YadJcin River, etc. Continued.

Date.

1900. 

June 23 

July 12 

Aug. 4 

Oct. 1 

June 23

July 3 

Aug. 4

Sept. 27 

Nov. 2 

June 25

July 9 

Aug. 4 

Sept. 27 

Nov. 2 

Sept. 27

June 25

July 9

Aug. 4 

Sent. 27 

June 26 

July 10 

Aug. 3 

Sept. 28 

Nov. 1 

June 36

July 10 

Aug. 3 

Sept. 28 

Nov. 1 

June 27 

July 11 

Aug. 2 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 31

Stream.

.....do................

.....do................

... .do................

Mulberry River ..... 

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

. --..do. ............. ..

.....do................

.....do................

.... .do. ............ ...

.....do................

Big Bugaboo Creek. . 

Big Elkin River .....

.... do................

.....do................

.....do................

. ....do...... ...........

.....do................

.....do................

.-...do................

.... .do.... ............

..-. do................

.... do................

.....do................

Locality.

North Wilkesboro, N. C ...... 

.... .do.... .................. . 

.....do.................. ... .....

.....do.. .......................

Trestle of Greensboro and 

Wilkesboro division of 

Southern R. R , North Carolina. 

.... .do. ..................... ....

.....do... ..................... .

.... -do. ..................... ....

.....do.........................

Greensboro and Wilkesboro 

R. R. bridge, North Carolina. 

.... do........... ...... ........

 .do..-......-- . .......... .

... .do.. . . - .-.- 

.....do...... ....................

Ford of road from Roaring 

River to Elkin, N. C. 

Greensboro and Wilkesboro 

R. R. bridge, North Carolina.

.....do....... ................

.....do...... ......... ...... .....

.... .do. ...................... ...

..... do ....... ................ ...

.... .do. ............ .. .... . 

.... .do. ....... ...... .... .....

.....do...... ....................

Greensboro and Wilkesboro 

R. R. trestle, North Carolina. 

. ....do. ........ .............. ...

.... .do. ................. ........

.....do...... ............. .......

.. ...do. ............ ............ .

...-.do...... ............. .......

.....do....-...-...--..-.- ....

.....do....... ........... .....

.....do........................

.... .do.... ........... ...........

Hydrographer.

N. C. Curtis.--. 

... ..do ..... .

 dO .. 

.....do... ......

.....do...... ......

... -do.. ......

.....do...... ..... .

... ..do...... ..... .

.....do. ........

. ....do. ....... ....

.... .do . .

.....do.. ..... ....

. ....do. . ......... .

.....do..... -..

.....do .... 

.... .do. -

... .'.do. ....... ....

.-..do............

.....do.. ... ...

.....do.. .......

... ..do... ..... .

.-..do.. .. .

.....do..... .......

.....do............

.... .do. ....... ....

.... .do, ....... ....

.....do............

... ..do. ..... .

 ..do...... ......

.... .do ....... ...-.-

 .do ......

.....do-. ......

. .do.... ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

34.73 

25.15

25.25 

21.93

22.25 

22.50 

22.42

23.68

25.45 

25.75 

25.13 

24.27 

1.28

24.53 

25.95

26 22 

2l! 63 

24.00 

24.25 

24.25 

23.89 

20.93

23.38 

23.60 

23.72 

23.70 

23.9 

26.0 

26.25 

26.46 

25.66

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

218.1 

98.1 

93.0 

60.2 

108.4

50.3 

39.25 

61.2 

55.0

520.2

161.4 

117.0 

109.0 

197.0 

30.0

65.0

29.0 

24.0 

27.0 

393.1 

139.2 

119.0 

160.0 

216.0 

549.0

172.0 

126.0 

119.0 

235.0 

801.0 

317.1 

265.44 

243.0 

307.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Catawba River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

June 28

Sept. 20

June 28

Sept. 20

Do...

Aug. 20

Aug. 28

Aug. 20

Aug. 18

Sept. 21

Stream.

... ..do. ... .... . ....

... ..do ..... .... ....

Mill Creek. ........ ..

 .-do. ............. ...

.....do.-......... .

.....do... . ......... ...

Crib Creek. ......... .

. .do................

.....do ...... ......

tawba River. 

.....do............ .

.....do... .............

Locality.

Oldfort, N. C. ........ ......

.....do... ........... ..... .

.... .do.. .....................

.....do..... . ... . . ..

.....do..... ...... ....... ........

.....do . ....... ......

Near Oldfort, N. C ...... ......

of Oldfort road, North Carolina. 

. . .do....... ---. ..

North Carolina. 

.... .do... ........... ........

of main road, North Carolina. 

 ..do..... . ...... ......

at main ford. North Carolina. 

.....do .......................

North Carolina. 

.....do.. ....... . .. ....

.....do.................. .......

Hydrographer.

N. C. Curtis......

.....do. ......

N. C. Curtis.. .

.-..-do...... ......

N. C. Curtis..... .

N. C. Curtis......

N. C. Curtis..... .

N. C. Curtis. .... .

N.C. Curtis. ..

.....do...... ......

Gage 

heignt.

Feet. 

10.10

12.70

12.78

3.85

6.73

"~4."9"

5.35

3.18

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

53.0

11.0

12.0

85.0

27.0

13.0

17.0

82.11

16.50

28.03

10.0

25.25

12.0

51.91

41.4 

210.2

67.3

61.69
SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. 205

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Catawba River, etc. Continued.

Date.

1900. 

June 15

June 26 

June 14 

June 16 

July 10 

Aug. 17 

Sept. 21 

June 14 

June 16 

July 10 

Aug. 17 

June 21 

June 24 

June 14

June 18 

Aug. 17 

June 14 

Aug. 10 

Sept. 34 

June 13

July 6 

Aug. 8 

Sept. 34 

June 20

Do.-.

Sept. 25 

Nov. 6 

Sept. 25 

Nov. 6 

Do... 

June 13

July 6 

Aug. 8 

Sept. 34

Stream.

Turkey Cove Creek. 

.-.. .do. ............ ...

.....do................

.....do................ 

.....do................

... ..do. ........... ....

.....do................

.....do--.....---- .

...--do................

..-.do.- .- 

.....do................

......do................

...-.do................

.....do................

.... .do...... ..-.,.....

.....do................

Steel Creek. -. .....

.....do................

Mulberry Creek.....

.....do................

.....do................ -do.-... .- 

Locality.

Just above second ford, North 

Carolina. 

... ..do.. --- - 

Bridgewater, N. C --.... .....

.....do-...-........-. .........

.... .do............... ....... .--.

..-.do.-.........--... ....

Near Bridgewater, N. C ......

... .do...... ....................

.....do...... .....................

Linville, N. C .... . .. ......

... ..do. .........................

Lowest ford of main Morganton road, North Carolina. 

.... .do...... ....................

.....do-. ......................

.... do ........ ............ ......

.....do..........................

One-fourth mile above mouth, 

North Carolina. 

.,.. .do...... ................. ...

.....do... ... ..................

... ..do. .........................

Ford at Heiiderson's mill, 

North Carolina. 

Upper Creek Palls, North 

Carolina. 

Footbridge 100 yards above 

month, North Carolina. 

Collettsrille, N. C .............

.....do ....... .................

..-.do...... ....................

.... .do........ ..................

Two miles above mouth. 

North Carolina 

... .do.... ..................... .

.....do................ ......

.....do-.. ...... ................

Hydrographer.

L. V. Branch... .. 

. ....do. ...........

H.A.Pressey ....

.....do. ......

N.C.Curtis. . 

.... .do. ...........

H.A.Pressey ....

.... .do.... ..... 

N.C.Curtis.. 

H.A.Pressey .....

.....do..... . ......

L.V. Branch.. ...

N.C.Curtis. 

L. V. Branch.... .

N.C.Curtis.- 

. ....do. ............

E.W.Myers .....

N.C.Curtis 

.... .do. ...........

H.A.Pressey .... 

. .-.do... ........ .

.....do............

N.C.Curtis 

.....do .........

. .do .........

. ....do. ...........

. ...do.. ......

L. V. Branch. 

N.C.Curtis... 

. ...do. . ..........

Gage

height.

Feet.

5.75

5.30 

5.80 

4.1 

6.-0 

6.43 

6.34 

11.8 

5.4 

11.55 

12.35 

14.83 

14.33 

5.72

5.85 

6.3 

6.84 

8.30 

8.20 

3 3

12.9 .

3.20

4.77 

4.47 

7.85 

7.95 

0.75 

14.58

15.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

21.48

164.8 

161.9 

618.0 

119.2 

. 98.6 

101.7 

19.78 

203. 67 

11.5 

7.0 

21.0 

90.22 

18.58

28.45 

7.2 

124.0 

48.4 

56.0 

183.4

50.0 

85.05 

60.0 

20.43

27.0 

100.21

40.0 

139.0 

17.0 

39.0 

208.0 

209.0

132.0 

69.0 

56.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Broad River (of the Carolinas) and its

tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 28

Oct. 18

Oct. ti

A f.ep . 21

Do...

Cct. 6

Aug. 21

Do...

Aug. 33

Do...

Oct. 6

Aug. 25

Oct. 8

Aug. 25

Stream.

.-..do..-.. ......

.... .do. ........... ....

.... -do.. ............. _

--.do...... ..........

...-do.. .. ....

-....do........ .....

.....do..--.. ....

 ..do................

.... .do... .............

Maple Creek. ........

Locality.

Second Broad River, North 

Carolina.

olina. 

...-do...... ........ ............

North Carolina. 

 do ..... ..... ............

N.C. 

.... .do.... .................. ....

-...do-.-... .... ............

.....do.......... ...... ..........

ford, North Carolina.

road, North Carolina. 

.....do .................... ......

.... .do.... .................... ..

.....do...... ................

Hydrographer.

N.C.Curtis. 

.-...do..-.------..

.....do--..... .

 ,do.. .... ......

. do...... ......

.... .do. ....... ....

.....do..... ......

.....do. . ..... .

.....do .........

..... do ........... .

. .-..do. . ......... .

.... .do. ........ ...

.....do..- ......

.....do. ...........

.....do. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.95

23.43

22.67

15.2

14.59

10.15

10.45

4.80

5.75

4.10

18.65

18.16

6.83

6.48

7.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

649.0

320.0

434.0

57.1

145.4

50.1

48.0

62.4

15.2

13.0

17.0

69.3

86.0

55.3

70.2

8.4
?06 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Broad River, etc. Continued.

Date.

1900.

Sept. 3

Do.__

Aug. 31

Aug. 23

Oct. 5

Aug. 24

Oct. 4

Aug. 23

Do...

 A-iisr **4

A TIB1 93

Aug. 3D

Oct. 10

Stream.

.....do................

.....do................

White Oak Creek ....

...;.do ...............

.....do................

..,. .do. ...............

.... .do...... ..........

Locality.

road. North Carolina.

North Carolina.

Forest City, N.'C.

Morganton road, North 

Carolina. 

.....do.................. .......

Carolina.

--...do..........................

.... .do. ................. .......

.... do..........................

.... do...... ....................

Hydrographer.

N. C. Curtis.- 

..... do. ...........

.....do............

.....do............

....do............

-...do-.. ...... 

.-..do. .. 

.... .do...... ......

.....do-- - -

.....do...... ......

.. ...do. ...........

...-.do...... ......

.....do..... .......

.....do. .... .

.....do .......

.. ...do. . ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

22.9

22 6

17.7

5.40

4.65

20.8

20 32

7.35

7.00

5.43

3.35

5.8

6.70

17.7

16.2

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

299.0

74.1

19.2

64.0

153.3

188.3

55.0

64.0

17.0

42.0

14.3

24.0.

10.0

 285.3

266.4

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of South Saluda Creek and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Sept. 7

Oct. 14 

Sept. 7

Oct. 14 

Sept. 7

Oct. 13 

Sept. 7 

Oct. 13 

Sept. 6

Do...

Do...

Stream.

South Saluda Creek . 

.... .do. ...............

.....do...............

.....do...... ..........

Middle Saluda Creek 

 do. ...............

North Saluda Creek . 

.....do... ...... ....

.....do...... .......... 

.....do................

Fall Creek. ..........

Locality.

Freeman Bridge,below mouth 

of Middle Saluda Creek, 

North Carolina. 

.....do..........................

Two miles above mouth of 

Middle Saluda Creek, North 

Carolina. 

.....do.-............. ----...

One mile above mouth, North 

Carolina. 

..--do-..................... .

.....do...... ...... .--....- .....

Bridge on Lima-Cleveland 

Mills road, North Carolina. 

Two miles below Humphrey's 

store, North Carolina.

Hydrographer.

N. C. Curtis..... . 

.....do........ .

... ..do. .......

. .do..... .......

.....do. . ......

... .do.. ...... ....

.....do..... .......

.... .do... ...... ...

.....do...... ......

. .do...... ......

-...do............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

14.1

14.1 

6.0

6.0 

11.75

14.7 

14.17 

12.9

14.2

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

171.0 

188.0

134.0 

68.0

55.0 

58.2 

80.0 

56.1

26.1 

a 15.0

a Estimated. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Tugaloo River tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Dec. 21

DO- DO...

Do--

Do...

Dec. 23

Do...

Stream.

ther Creek.

Locality.

.....do .................. ................

Hydrographer.

.....do. .......

 ..do ........

.-...do .... .....

.. ...do... ...... ...

... ..do....... .....

..-..do... .........

.....do............

.....do............

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8.8

33.5

18.2

11.8

9.0

12.2

263.1

9.9

073 K
SOUTHEEN APPALACHIAN EEGION. 207

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Broad River (of Georgia) and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Dec. 19 

Do...

Dec. 20

Do...

Dec. 26 

Do-.-

Do...

Do... 

Do...

Do...

Dec. 27

Do...

Stream.

Grove Creek .........

T i+i'lo TO'aile Ov(^n»lr

North Broad River ..

Creek.

Locality.

Maysville,Ga ....... ...... .... ........

....do ..................................

Three and one-half miles south of 

Toecoa.Ga.

Toccoa, Ga.

Maysville, Ga.

Hydrographer.

J. C.Conn ........ 

.....do.............

....-do............

.....do. ...........

. ....do.. ....... ... 

.....do.... ........

.do............

....-do. ........

.....do. ..........

.....do.... -....

.....do....-.-.-..

....do. . . 

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

29.4 

20.3

147.3

9.1 7.8

2.3

8.3

6.5

96.6

82.0

26.5

38.5

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Savannah River tributaries.

Date.

1900.

May 2

Oct. 18

Stream. Locality.

Kathwood,S.C ........ ........

below Carlton, Ga.

Hydrographer.

B.M.Hall... .... .

.....do... .... . .

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

2 20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

123.0

200.0

949 0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Oconee River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 27

Dec. 27

Dec 28

Dec. 18

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do ..

Dec. 27

Do ..

Do...

Stream.

.. ...do. ........... .-..

.....do- ....

Appalachee River. . .

.... .do..... . ......

Locality.

Dacula,Ga.. ....... ... ....

Dry Pond, Ga.... ..............

.... .do...... ....................

.....do.. ........................

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall...... .

Max Hall ....

..... do. .......... .

J. C.Conn. ...... . 

-...do............

. ....do.-.. ........

. ....do. ....... ....

.... .do. ... ....

..... do. ....... 

 .do ...... ...

... ..do .... ....

.... .do. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.37

3.00

3.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,199.0

1,566.0

2,349.0

11.4 

27.3

66.8

70.3

6.5

72.8

103.8

3.2

61.4

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Ocmulgee River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Oct. 10

Dec. 18 

DoDo...

Do...

DoDoc. 28

DoDo...

Stream.

Stone Mountain 

Creek.

'Shoal Creek .........

Locality.

Stone Mountain, Ga ....... ...... . ..... 

Snellville, Ga .............. .........

.....do ........... ... ....... ..........

.....do ...... ...... .....................

Hydrographer.

Max Hall .... .....

J. C.Conn.. 

. .. do ......

..... do. ...... 

.... .do. ...........

... ..do..... ..... ..

.... .do...... ..... .

... i.do. ........ ...

. ....do. ...........

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

112.0

18.1 

2.0

3.9

9.3

33.7

84.5

8.5

151.7
208 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900, PART III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900.

Do...

Do...

DoDo... DO- DO.. _ Do 

Aug. 21 DO- DO...

Do... DO- DO...

Aug 22

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do__.

Do...

Aug. 23

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Aug. 24

Dec. 21

Do..-

Stream.

Mill Creek ...........

CtVinal O-roAV

.....do..---... ....

Locality.

.....do.. .......... ...... ..............

-....do..-.... ........... ..............

....do.. ..............................

-...do..... ........... .^.. ...............

Near Henesev Ga

Hydrographer.

H. G. Stokes. 

 .do. .

.....do............

. .do. .

. ...do.... ........

.... .do ...

... ..do..... -. . .

. ....do.... ....... .

. ....do. .......... .

.....do...... ...

....-do..... .......

.....do..... ..... ..

 -do . 

 .do . 

... ..do ..... ..

. .do. ......

. .do- . 

.....do....... ..

... ..do. ......... ..

.....do--... .......

.....do. ......

.....do.... ........

.....do..... ..... ..

.....do.... ........

.....do..... .......

W. E. Hall and

H. G. Stokes. 

J. C. Conn.... ...

.....do............

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

28 6

68.0

287.0

1.8

30.4

22 7

13.3

5.0

9.0

8.0

5.0

. go 0

23.0

69.0

23.0

57.0

7.3

21.7

70.2

143.0

9.7

55.0

 80.5

69.0

212 0

113.0

12.3

62.9

92.7

Miscellaneous discharge 'measurements of Etowah River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900.

DODO...

Do... DODO...

Do...

Do...

Aug. 16

Do 

Do...

An? 17

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

DoDo 

Do...

Aug. 18

Do...

Do...

Do._-

Do...

Do...

Aug. 21

Sept. 25

Do...

Do .- 

Nov. 15

Stream.

Smith wick Creek . . .

Creek.

Creek.

Creek.

Mill Creek.. .........

Petits Creek.... ..

Pumpkin Vine Creek 

Town Creek .........

Locality.

Between Arnold's mill, Georgia, and 

Creighton, Ga.

.....do .................. ................

Georgia.

.....do ......... ........ 

Georgia.

.....do ..................................

.....do .................................. 

Alice, Ga ................ _ ... _ ......

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall and

H. G. Stokes. 

... ..do...... ..... .

.....do..... .......

.....do. .... . .

... ..do...... ......

.....do.. ......

. ....do. ...........

. .do. ......

.....do.... ........

... ..do. ...... .....

.....do...... ......

...-.do........ .

..... do. ...... 

.... -do. ....... ....

.....do...... ......

.....do............

.....do..... .......

.....do.. .......

B.M.Hall........

.....do.. .......

. ....do.. ...... ....

.....do... ......

.....do........... .

H. G. Stokes. 

... ..do. ...... .....

.. ....do. ...........

. ....do. ...... .....

Max Hall ........

...-.do..... .......

.....do..... ....... 

O. P. Hall... ......

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

56.3

8.0 

8.0

8.0

54.4

6(54.0

12.0

45.7

241.0

21.3

4.3

83.0

27 7

16.2

16.0

7.6

34.6

257.0

15.9

6.5

9.0

14.0

7.3

34.0

40.0

132 0

10.4

ol,836.0

16.0

60.5

6.7

a Gag-e height, 2 feet.
SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. 209 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Coosawattee River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900.

ATICT 13

Aug. 17

Oct. 18

Do...

Do .

Do...

Oct. 19

Do...

Oct. 20

DoDo 

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Oct. 22

Oct. 24

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do

Oct. 26

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

Oct. 27

Do...

Do 

Do...

Stream.

Talking Rock Creek .

Tails Creek. .........

Flat Creek. ..........

Ellijay River ........

Mill Creek.. .........

River.

Creek.

Creek.

Creek.

Branch of Kells

Creek. 

Kells Creek. ........

River.

Creek.

Mountaintown 

Creek.

Mountaintown 

Creek.

Locality.

Goble, Ga ..... .. ..... . 

.... do ... . . ...... . ..----...

.....do .................. ...............

.do ... - ....

Ellijay, Ga. ............................

.....do ..................................

... do . . .. ..... .. . ..

Georgia.

Creek, Georgia.

Georgia.

above Ellijay, Ga.

Creek, Georgia.

Whitepath, Ga.

Georgia.

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. .......

B. M. Hall........

O. P. Hall...-.-..

.....do-.-.-.-. 

.....do ..---..

do

...do ......

... ..do. ....... ....

.....do. ... ... ..

.... .do ............

.....do............

.... do..... ., ..

.....do -----

do , ..

 .do -. . 

...do.

... ..do. . 

. ....do .......... ..

.....do. ...........

.... .do.. ..........

.....do ....

. . do. . ...

....do

... ..do. ........ ...

... ..do.... ..--

.....do... . ..----

.... .do ............

. . do

. do

.....do........ 

. do .....

. ....do. ...... .....

.....do...... .....

.....do............

.....do.... .. ......

.....do ....... .

 .do ........

.....do ........

.....do....... 

.....do ..... 

... ..do ............

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40

17.8

91.0

3.4 6.5

5.0

27.0

19.0

165. 0

129.0

2.2

3.0

3.0

12.9

16.3

70.0

101.0

29.8

23.6

27.5

4.6

7.7

15.0

17.4

1.9

5.3

.8

3.0

33.5

21.9

28.1 ** 4

1.5

10.6

3.0

175. 7

263 2

37.3

17.9

33 2

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Conasauga River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

May 15

Aug. 13

Aug. 13

Aug. 13

Do...

Sept. 6

Do...

Aug. 14

Aug. 15

Stream.

.... .do...... ..... ..

Mill Creek. ... _, 

.....do... .............

.... .do. ...............

.....do .............

Locality.

.....do ....... . ... . ... .

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall ... ....

do.

.....do.-...----.

.....do. ......-.-.

 ..do...........

 .do............

. do

..do .--

.-..-do........ .

do . .

... ..do. ...... 

.... .do. .- 

.... do. .......... .

... .do..... ..... ..

.....do.... ........

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

420. 0

7.4

4 3

13.8

13.5

3.0

3.2

3.6

4.1

3.4

16.3

10.7

30.6

34.8

2.0
210 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49, 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Coosa River tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 15

A IT p1 17

Stream. Locality. Hydrographer.

J.R.Hall.......

.....do... ,...

..... do. .........

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

107.0

102.0

84.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Tallapoosa River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Apr. 7 

Aug. 3

Aug. 3

Aug. 28 

Aug. 30

Nov. 1

Dec. 12

Do...

Stream.

Tallapoosa River....

Elkhatchee Creek. ..

Locality.

Muscadine, Ala ........................

Island Hpme, Ala .......... ...........

Hydrographer.

J. C. Conn ........ 

J.E. Hall. ........

.....do ...........

.....do... ........ 

.... .do. ...........

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

475.0 

125.0

34.0

40.0 

18.6

3, 650. 0

35.0

145.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of New River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

July 18

Oct. 35

July 33 

Oct. 34

July 33

Oct. 34

July 33

July 18 

Oct. 25

July 24

July 18

July 34

July 19

July 27

Do... 

July 31

Oct. 26

July 30

Do...

July 21

July 20

July 30

Oct. 26

July 25

Oct. 27

July 25

Oct. 37

July 38

Oct. 28

Stream.

River. 

.....do................

Planner y P'ork ...... 

... ..do. ........... ....

.....do ................

.....do................

Meat Camp Creek. .. 

.....do................

TTlTlr Pt*«»olr

Old Field Creek.....

Prather Creek ......

River. 

.....do.. ...........

.....do................

.....do................

"RiTfFnlri f^voolr

.....do................

.....do...... .........

.....do................

.....do.... ............

Locality.

.....do...... ....................

Ford of Boone-Blowing Rock 

road. North Carolina. 

..... do...... .......... .........

North Carolina. 

.... .do. ....................... -

.... .do. ..................... ....

.....do..........................

One-fourth mile below Moretz, N. C. 

.... do. ......... ................

Una.

North Carolina.

One and one-half miles below 

Scottville, N. C.

.....do... ......................

N. C., on road to Solitude, 

N. C.

.....do...... .............. ......

mouth, North Carolina. 

.....do....... ................

North Carolina. 

..... do. ........................

North Carolina. 

.....do.... _......--.-..-..-..-

Carolina. 

.....do...... ...................

ginia. 

.....do ....-....-....-..-.-.-....

Hydrographer.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

. .do ............

.....do............

.....do............ 

.....do............

....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do...... ......

.....do...... ......

.....do...... ...... 

.....do............

... ..do ........... .

.... .do. .......... .

.. ...do. ........ ...

.... .do. ...... .....

.....do............

... ..do. ...........

.... .do.... ........

.....do.. .. ......

.....do.-. ......

.....do............

. ....do. ...........

.. . .do. ...... .....

. ....do. ...........

. ....do. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.85

11.00

6.35 

5.35

5.70

5.70

5.10

9.00 

8.65

8.00

6.1

4.85

6.00

5.1

8.6 

6.7

6.0

2.65

6.75

7.25

6.40

6.30

5.43

6.6

6.05

4 38

6.3

6.1

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

165.0

741.1

10.4 

107.0

24 4

231.0

10.4

J09.0

35.3

89.0

10.0

19.4

33.4

22.4

109.0

35.0 

49.3

194.0

33.2

130.0

37.0

26.2

80.4

44.0

67.0

34.3

140 0

30.0

105.0

35.1

78.0
SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN EEGION. 211

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of New River, etc. Continue*!.

Date.

1900. 

July 29

Oct. 28

July 31 

Oct. 29

July 31

Oct. 29

July 30

Stream.

. .do...... . . ..

Peach Bottom Creek 

.....do .............

.....do... ..........

TP1V ("Vent

Locality.

Virginia.

Two hundred yards above 

mouth, Virginia.

town road, Virginia.

mouth, Virginia.

Hydrographer.

N. C.Curtis.. 

.... .do ....... .....

.....do............ 

.....do............

. ....do. ...... .....

.....do............

.....do............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

........

4.9

9.1

4.6

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

85. C

144.0

31.4 

38.0

199. C

3] 8. 3

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of French Broad River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Sept. 7

Sept. 12

Oct. 29

Sept. 18

Oct. 17

Sept. 13

Oct. 15

Sept. 14

Oct. 15

Sept. 14

Oct. 15

Do...

Sept. 14

Oct. 15

Sept. 14

Do...

Sept. 16

Sept. 13

Sept. 17

Do...

Oct. 16

Sept. 17

Oct. 16

Sept. 17

Do...

Oct. 17

Sept. 18

Do... 

Do...

Sept. 19

Oct. 17

Sept. 19

Stream.

French Broad River, 

do .. ..

.....do................

..--.do.-...... .-...

...-.do...............

....-do................

.... .do. .....-,.....-..

...-.do......... ....

.... .do...... ..........

.....do---........-....

French Broad 

River. 

.... .do...... ...... ....

.....do.......... ...

.....do................

West Fork of

French Broad 

River, 

-....do................

Middle Fork of

French Broad, 

River. 

South Fork of 

French Broad 

River.

Broad River.

... ..do. ...............

.... .do. ...... .........

Mills River ..........

.....do................

Caney Creek..... ....

Swannanoa River . . .

Locality.

One half mile above Hot 

Springs, N. C.

.....do ...... ....................

lina. 

....-do........ ...............

.....do...... ....................

lina. 

 ..do.. ...... ...... .........

mouth of West Fork. North 

Carolina, 

.-...do,.-.... ....................

road, North Carolina.

er and Shoal creeks, North 

Carolina.

....-do.................. .....

North Carolina.

Footbridge at ford of maiu 

road, North Carolina.

mouth. North Carolina.

North Carolina.

lina.

.....do.. .......................

mouth, North Carolina. 

,.... do. ........... ..............

North Carolina. 

.....do.......... ................

Bridge on Westf all's place, 

North Carolina.

River to Asheville, N. C.

.-.-.do.................. ..-.-

Biltmore.X.C-.l. .............

Hydrographer.

L.V. Branch.....

L.V. Branch.. 

N.C. Curtis......

. .do..... .......

... ..do..... .......

.... .do. ...... .....

.... .do..... ..._ 

.._..do . 

.....do. ...........

.....do... .......

. .do. .. 

.....do............

.....do. ..... ......

.... .do. ...... .....

.....do............

.....do........... 

.-..do.. .......

.....do...... ......

.... .do. ........ ...

.....do.. .......

.. ...do. ...... .....

.....do.... ........

.....do... ........

.. do.............

.....do..... ....

.... do. ....... ....

.... .do.. .......

.....du. ...........

 ..do............ 

.....do........ .

.... .do... .... .....

.....do. ...........

...-.do...... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet 

19.35

16.27

19. 3?

18.95

19.8

13.8

13.9

13.4

11.21

13.2

14.98

7.3

3.20

5.35

10.3 

10.3

4.61

6.7

4.71

10.45

16. 75

13.66

14.35

5.35

13.11

13.4

5.11

10.1 

6.56

15.1

15.4

2.91

Discharge.

Sec.- ft. 

938. 0

840.0

3, 0(i8. 0

1,161.0

614.0

1,160.0

266.5

206.5

113.0

102.4

100.6

51.8

107. 48

75.0

149.0

77.0

71.0 

46.0

28 A"

30.2

15.46

151.7

70.20

182.8

69.2

28.6,=

211. 6i

94.0

108.0

60.0 

11.31

80.0

76.33
212 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of French Broad River, etc. Continued.

Date.

1900.

Do...

Sept. 13 

Oct. 30

Sept. 16

Oct. 30

Sept. 12 

Sept. 16

Oct. 30 

Sept. 12

Oct. 30 

Sept. 11 

Oct. 29

Sept. 12

Sept. 17

Occ. 30 

Sept. 16

Oct. 30

Sept. 17

Oct. 29

Sept. 8

Oct. 31

Sept. 10

Oct. 31

Sept. 8

Oct. 31

Sept. 18 

t?ept. 7

Nov. 1

Sept. 7

Stream.

nanoa River.

Beaver Darn Creek. . 

.....do................

.....do ............ ...

Newfound Creek. ... 

.... dol. ............ ..

.....do................

.....do.............. . 

Flat Creek.. ........ . 

.....do................

....do. ...............

.....do................

.....do................

Little Pine Creek....

.-...do...............

.....do................

.....do................

.....do...... ..........

Locality.

noa post-office, N. C.

tain Station, N.C. 

Fifty yards above mouth, 

North Carolina. 

.....do......... ..............

Olivette, N.C .- -. -

...-.do......... ................

At month. North Carolina....

mouth, North Carolina.

.... .do. .. .......

.....do. ........... .............. 

... do ..........................

Bailey, N. C ...................

... .do.-....-.-.-.....-----.....

of Bull Creek, North Carolina. 

.... _do-_. ......................

mouth. North Carolina. 

.....do.........................

Carolina.

.....do. ...... ............... ...

mouth, North Carolina. 

.....do........ ...............

mouth, North Carolina. 

. .do... .-. .......... ......

Near Hot Springs, N. C ...... .

.....do.- . ..............

Hydrographer.

N.C.Curtis. .

.... .do. ...........

E.W.Myers .....

E.W.Myers .....

L. V. Branch. ... .

E.W.Myers-- 

L.V. Branch.....

L.V. Branch ..... 

E.W. Myer.i.-- 

L.V. Branch.....

E. W. Myers- ..

L.V. Branch-.. .. 

E.W.Myers---

E.W. Myers.. 

L.V. Branch.. 

.....do. --. 

- .do .-. 

....-do.. .- 

...-do.. ..- 

 ..do. .... 

.....do..... .......

.... .do... ..... .

.....do...... .......

E.W. Myers.. 

L.V. Branch 

.....do.... ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.07

4.05

5.09 

5.08

11.15

10.95

17.75

10.19

10.44 

12 1

"is.'os"

17.43

9.73

9.43

9.53 

7.97

8.32

2.56

2.73

5.84

5.76

4.6

23 24

2.35

6.07

6.01

16.13

15.77 

2.00

2.07

2.61

Discharge.

Sec.- ft. 

21.45

22 83

1.46 

4.10

3.95

229

9.41 

34.16

20.23 

4.89

9.0 

5.33 

o.O

21.72

55.23

45.0 

35.24

16.24

47.59

41.72

3.33

6.0

0.35

1.36

2.24

4.85

4.45

49.0

55. t) 

15. 0

16.0

0.45

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Nolichucky River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 23

Sept. 4

Oct. 17

July 2

Oct. 31

Do... 

Do...

DO---

Aug. 28

Oct. 24

Do...

DoDo...

Aug. 2tt

Oct. 21

Antr '-to

Oct 21

AUK. 26

'

Stream.

T^ne* T?ITTOT»

.....do-..-..... ......

.....do ..... .....

.....do..... .... .......

.....do ...........

North Toe River. 

White Oak Creek ...

.. ..do. ...._. ........ .

.-..do..-.--.. ....

.....do ...............

Grass v Creek .... ....

Locality.

--..do -.-- -..- ..

Near Huntdale, N. C- - 

-...do. ...... - . . 

.... -do. . . . 

. .do. ...... .. --.. ...

Plumtree, N. C.. ...... 

At ford of Linville-Cran berry 

road, North Carolina.

-...do. ... .'...... ....... ...

.... .do.. ...... ...... ........

.....do.. ...... ..- .. 

North Carolina.

T^lnmf-nof} W O

N.C. 

..-.do.. .......... .........

Sorucemne, N. C... ...........

Hydrographer.

.....do.. ...... .

.....do... ......

.....do .:..... 

L.V. Branch. ... .

.....do... ..... .

..-.do. .... ..

.... .do. ....... . 

.... .do ........ ....

.... -do... .. .

.....do.... ........

. ....do. ....... ....

.. ...do. ...... .....

.... .do. ........ ...

.... .do .....

.....do ........

 . do. ......... ..

.... .do. ...... .....

.....do ........

..... do. ...........

Gage 

heig.Ut.

Feet. 

20.67

21.53

15.89

16.12

18.20

18.37

17. 15

7.55

3.6

2.85

2.26

5.55

5.15

3.12

7.89

2.99

6.94

5.38

5.30

4.50

4.29

5.21

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

770.0

411.0

381.0

301. 0

323.0

105.0

78.0

570.0

79.0

18.0 

9.7

3.36

9.03

40.53

11.2

15.57

8.09

4.8

2.63

3.57

3.29

3.08

6.09
SOUTHEEN APPALACHIAN EEGION. 213 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Nolichucky River, etc, Continued.

Date.

1900. 

rw>t- ">n

Oct. 30

Do...

Oct. 20

Aug. 25

Oct. 20

A no- 24-

Oct. 19

Sept. 3

Sept. 3

Oct. 19

A no1 94-

Oct. 19

Aug. 23

Oct. 16

Aug. 23

Sept. 19

Aug. 23

Aug 22

Sept. 19

Oct. 16

Aug 22

Do...

July 1

Aug. 30

Oct. 27

Aug. 31

Oct. 26

Aug. 31

1 Do...

Oct. 26

Aug. 31

Oct. 26

Oct. 26

Oct. 26

Aug. 30

Oct. 26

Aug. 30

Oct. 26

Oct. 27

Aug. 30

Oct. 26

Sept. 3

Oct. 17

Sept. 1 

Oct. 18

Sept. 1

Sept. 1

Oct. 18

Stream.

.....do.. ...........

. ....do.. ........ ......

.....do-...--.-.-....

.....do-... ............

PiffGOU CrGGk

... ..do ........... .....

.....do. ......... ......

.....do...... ..........

 -do. . .-.

.... do.----. -----

--. do. .......... ...:.

..-.do... ....... ......

.....do... .......... ...

....-do................

.... -do .... ....

 . .do.... ........ ....

... ..do.... ...... ......

.....do ....... ......

.... .do..... ......

..... do .... 

.... .do... ............ .

 ..do.... ...... 

.... .do.... ........ ....

...-do. - 

.-..do- --- 

 ..do-.... ..........

Creek. 

..-.do... ..........

 ..do. .

... ..do.. ..... ......

... ..do...... .......... 

 .do. ............ 

Elk Fork Creek......

.....do.-..--- ....

.....^o. ...............

Locality.

Flatrock.N.C. ...... ...........

.....do.... ........ ..............

pine road, North Carolina.

Sprucepine road, North 

Carolina. 

... ..do. ...... ...... ..---- 

North Carolina. 

.....do--.-..--........ ----

.....do.....,. . ............ .

.....do.-..-. ...............

.....do ...... .. .. .

road .North Carolina. 

.....do........ ....... .... . ......

.....do ...... .. .. .......

road, North Carolina, 

-...do-.-..--..... .........

.....do.... .............. ........

.....do..... ......... .... .

-.-.do... ........... ......

-...do.--... ....... --------

.... do.-. .. . .._.. ........

...-do.....-... ....... .......

.... .do. ............... ......

mouth, Tennessee.

road, North Carolina. 

.....do.... ............. ......

... ..do..... . .... .............

..... do... .. ....... .... .

Three Fork Creek, North 

Carolina, 

. do... ....................

North Carolina.

road, North Carolina. 

... ..do........--.. ...........

.....do.... ........... ...........

.....do- ............. .......

... ..do.... ..... . ............. ...

.....do........ ...............

.....do.. ............ ........

..-.do..... .....................

...-do.......... ...............

road, North Carolina. 

. do...... ...... ...... ._ 

caville-Sprucepine road, 

North Carolina. 

.....do.... ...... ..... . .......

road, North Carolina. 

... ..do. .................. .......

Huntdale, N. C ................

.... .do. ...^. ...................

-..-do.--....-..-.. ........

Near Big Tom Wilson's, 

North Carolina. 

 ..do. ...... .............. .....

.....do.. ....... ..... .. ..

..--do.. ............. .......

.....do...................... ...

Hydrographer.

.....do .... . ....

 .do. .. 

.. do..- ..... .

.... do -..-...

... ..do........ ....

... ..do ... 

.....do.........'...

.....do ............

.... .do. ...........

.... .do.... .... ....

.... .do...... ......

.....do.- ......

 ..do............

.....do...... ......

.....do...... ......

.....do.... ........

..... do. ...........

.... .do.... 

... ..do ........... .

... ..do ........

... ..do. . ......

E. W. Myers .....

.....do.- - 

.....do. .--...

 ..do -- .-

L. V. Branch .... .

.....do-- -

.....do.. - .

L. V. Branch .....

.... .do... ...... . ..

 .do. ...... 

.... .do. ...... 

.... .do. .......... .

.....do... .........

.....do.. ......

.... .do. ..... ......

.....do...... ......

...-do....... .

..... do ..... ...

.... .do.... ... .....

... ..do.. ....

.... .do...... ..... .

--.do........ .

... ..do ...... ......

.... .do.... ........

-...do.... ........

.....do.- ......

.....do. ..... .

..... do...... .... ..

 do. ..... .

.. ...do. --------

.... .do. ...... 

.... .do.. .--...

. ....do. ....... .... 

.....do... ...

. ....do. ...... .....

.... .do. .......... .

. ....do. ...........

 .do ........

bieight.

Feet. 

5.13

3.76

3.70

3.03

7 Q7

7.91

1.39

1.51

9.20

9.26

5.86

5.85

6.09

6.10

2 42

2.64

7.39

7.47

8.15

8.26

5.38

5.49

5.40

1.59

1.68

3.95

4.19

4.05

4.18

4.58

3.69

8.08

7.98

7.23

4.34

3.30

1.49

1.96

1.62

3.94

3.64

3.87

3.50

1 98

1.87

4.66

4.28

3.02

2.85

4 28

4.23

3.92

3.78

3.69

3.82

3.83

1.33

1.34

1.24

1.28

2.78

2.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9.15

4.67

3.73

2.0

15.2

14.55

4.37

72

11.78

9.92

1.65

1.26

8.71

6.83

51.3

24.5

14.5

4.13

5.98

2.61

52.3

33.2

53.0

7.55

6.45

51.0

22 0

29.7

26.13

37.9

6.37

220 8

79.8

86.23

282.9

26.0

101.0

9.49

6.92

28.68

3.78

9.20

2.51

7.24

3.83

7.96

4.40

19.86

4.94

9.43

17.54

21.67

2.98

8.59

89.9

62.77

58.3

17.11 

13.9

4.78

1.49

2.77

4.69

IRE 49 01-
214 OPEEATIOFS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 4 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Nolichucky River, e£c. Continued.

Date.

1900. 

Sept. 1

Oct. 18

Sept. 3

Oct. 18

Sept. 2

Oct. 18

Sept. 2

Do...

Oct. ir

Sept. 2 

Oct. 17

Sept. 2

Oct. IT

Stream.

Bowlen Creek . _ ...

--...do................

.....do................

Bald Creek ..........

.....do................

Elk Shoal Creek.....

Bald Mountain 

Creek, 

. .do. ...... .........

Little Bald Mountain Creek. 

.....do..... . ..........

Locality.

.... .do. ..................... ....

.... .do................ .. .....

... ..do.. .................... ....

-....do..........................

... ..do. .........................

One mile above mouth, North 

Carolina. 

.....do........- ...............

At mouth, North Carolina - ... 

.....do...........................

. ....do. .........................

.... .do. .........................

Hydrographer.

... ..do ....... .....

.....do............

.... .do. .. .........

... ..do. ...... .....

.... .do. ...... .....

.....do... ......

.....do...... ..... 

......do............

.....do...... ...... 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.03

4.97

2.48

2.53

4.56

4.56

1.63

3.43 

3.55

4.91 

4.90

2.83

2.89

Discharge

Sec.-/*. 

3.45

4.03

9.46

8.35

16.35

9.97

1.39

19.7 

10.6

2.13

2.61

5.67

3.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of South Fork of Holston River and its

tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

July 33

Oct. 3 

July 28

Oct. 3

July 38

Oct. 3

July 27

Oct. 1

July 27

Oct. 1

July 27

Oct. 1

July 27

Oct. 2

July 27

»ct. 2

July 37 ®et. 2

July 27

®ct. 2 

July 28

 >ct. 2

July 28 

Oct. 3

July 29

Do...

Do.-- 

DO-.

Oct. 2

July 28

Oct. 3

July 33

Sept. 27

Jwly 21

Sept. 27

July 21

July 33

Sept. 27

July 21

8eot.27

Stream.

South Pork of Holston River. 

.....do.. .............. 

.....do ...............

.....do ............

. ....do. .............. .

... ..do. ............ ....

.... .do...... ..........

. ....do. ............. ..

.-...do.... ...... ......

.....do.--... ..........

. ....do. ........... ....

St. Glair Creek.......

.....do . ....... .

...-.do...... ..........

.....do.. ..............

.....do.... .......

Laurel Fork of Holston River. 

.....do..... ........

.....do. ............ ...

.....do...... .......

Atcheson Creek .....

.....do...... ..........

.....do.. ..........

.... .do. .......... .....

.....do.. ..........

.. ...do. ...............

Locality.

Below mouth of Middle Fork, 

Virginia. 

. ....do. --..----..-.-. .-..----.--

Virginia

Virginia. 

.....do.. .......................

-.-.do ................. 

.-..do ....... .. , --.

ginia.

.....do... ........... .... .. 

. .do.......... ................

ginia. 

.... do........ ....... ...---..

Virginia.

One-half mile below Damascus, Va. 

.....do......... ..............

nessee.

bloomery, Tennessee. 

Near head of Laurel, Tenn . . .

... . .do........ ........ .----.-

.....do .-.. . ....... .........

 .do. ..... ................

....-do. ...... ...... .....- 

the river, Virginia.

. .do.- .............. ......

ginia. 

.....do ._ - ...... ..........

Hydrographer.

L. V. Branch....

E. W. Myers..... 

.....do .........

.....do.. ..... ..

.....do.. .......

... ..do... ......

... ..do.......... ..

 .do. ......

.....do... ......

..-..do.. ..... ..

... ..do...... ..... .

.....do..... .......

 .. do...... ......

 ..do...... ......

.....do... ......

 ..do. . ......

.....do......... ...

E. W.Myers .....

L.V. Branch..-. 

E. W.Myers. ... .

.....do... ......

.....do ........

... ..do. ....... .... 

.... .do. ........ ...

.....do. ...... .....

. ....do. ...... .....

... ..do. ... ........

L.V. Branch .....

E. W.Myers.....

L.V. Branch. _ .

E. W.Myers---..

L.V. Branch.....

E. W.Myers .....

E. W.Mvers .....

Gage

height.

Feet. 

3.06

3.21 

2.60

3.39

1.51

6.96

2.1

2.29

.87

5.76

5.94

3.88

(a)

4.33

4.43 

3.63

3.56 

4.61

5.13

2.06

1.82 

5.47

5.72

11.36

13.26

4.45

4.23

5.73

5.73

2.35

2.36

2.21

.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

228.0

199.0 

652.0

149.0

101.0

48.0

30 0

5.0

4.12

0.5

39.0

5.0

9.0

1.0

8.37

2.0

2.0

18.0

13.03

4.20

2.0

351.0 

88.14

61.0

23.0

4.32

100.0

34.3

189.0

32.4

7.37

10.46

6.0

4.04

7.0

7.0

12.24

13.0

10.0

a Almost dry.
SOUTHEBN APPALACHIAN BEGION. 215

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of South Fork ofHolston River, etc. Cont'd.

Date.

1900. 

July 21

July 21

July 20

Sept. 26

July 20

Sept. 25

July 20

Sept. 25

Do ..

July 39

Sept. 25

July 20

Sept. 25

July 24

Sept. 38

July 25 

Do ..

Oct. 1

July 25

Oct. 1

July 25

Do ..

Oct. 1

July 25

Sept. 29

Sept. 29

July 23

Sept. 29

Do -.

Do ..

July 24 

Sept. 39

Stream.

 do ...... ......

.....do.:..... ......

.... .do.. ........... ...

Eiddle Creek --....-.

.....do.... ............

.....do.... ............

.....do.... ............

Middle Fork of Holston Eiver. 

.....do................

.... .do. ...............

....-do................

Hungry Mother 

Creek. 

.....do...... .......

.....do...... ..........

.... .do. ...............

Hogthief Creek ...... 

.....do................

Locality.

... ..do.. .................... ....

... ..do ..........................

.... .do. ....................... ..

.....do..........................

.....do................. .........

....-do.........................

.....do...... ................ ....

.....do..........................

....-do.................. ........

nespee.

..-.do...... ..................

ville, Tenn.

Tennessee.

ginia.

Sevenmile ford, Virginia ......

Virginia.

Ford of main road from Marion, Va. 

.....do........ ...............

Virginia. 

. ....do.. ......... ...... ........ .

.....do..... _ ..................

... ..do. .........................

.....do.. ........................

One-half mile above mouth, 

Virginia.

Hydrographer.

 . do............

. ....do. .......... .

-...-do............

E. W.Myers. .

. ....do. ......... ..

.....do............

.....do.....---....

... ..do...... ..... .

 ..do- .. 

-....do.- ......

.....do.... ........

L.V. Branch..... 

. .do- .. 

.....do.... ........

 .do.. ..........

.... .do.... ........ 

E.W. Myers-. 

... ..do.......... ..

E. W. Myers. .

.....do. ........

L.V. Branch.. ...

beignt.

Feet. 

9.1

5.36

5.33

5.25

5.26

11.06

11.42

12.19

11.13

A. Q9

4.42

3.6

5.92

5.96

6.21

13.00 

6.23

7.69

6.99

6.90

9

9fi

1.18

i.ir

1 52

1.58

4.90

4.89

4.45

4.43

1.73

5.0

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

2.07

.2.0

1.16

1.19

5.85

2 47

4.0

4.0

2.0

3.0

2.46

11.0

9.09

3.48

0 34

172.0

100.0

71.23

18.0

11.0

2.01

3.0

14.33

3.45 

2.36

4.0

2 34

3.0

9.0

5.0

5.0

17.36

3.42

5.0 

5.0

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Watauga River and its tributaries.

Date.

19CO. 

July 16

Aug. 2

Aug. 16

Oct. 5

Nov. 7

July 16

Oct. 7

Aug. 11

Oct. 7

Aug. 10 

Oct. 7

Aug. 11 

Aug. 10

Oct. 7

Oct. 7

Stream.

.....do......... .......

.....do. ...... ......

 do . . .

.....do... .............

.... .do........... .... .

.....do.... ............

.....do ..... . .......

.... .do. .............. .

.....do. ...............

..... do......... ...... .

Boone Fork of Watauga Eiver.

Moody Mill Creek...

per).

....-do.. ..........

. ....do. ...............

Locality.

.... .do.........-. ...........

.....do... . ...... ....... .....

.....do........................

.... .do...... ....................

 ..do.... ......................

.....do..........................

Watauga Falls, N.C. .... ..

-...do...........-.. ...... .

North Carolina. 

. .do.. . ...... ..............

Shull's mill, North Carolina.. 

.....do... .......................

At mouth, North Carolina. 

.....do........... ...............

... ..do.... ......................

 do... _ ...... 

.....do ......................

Hydrograpber.

.... .do. ..... .

N. C. Curtis 

E. W. Myers. ....

L.V. Branch-.-.

L.V. Branch..... 

.... .do ............

E. W. Mvers-. 

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.87

15.77

16.03

16.03

15.27

15.68

15.22

6.62

6.52

4.05

3.78

2.3 

2.11

3.2 

2.62

2.87

7.42

7.37

5.24

5.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

450.0

593.0

403.0

348.0

993.0

533.0

973.0

79.0

53.0

60.0

19.0

23.0

1S.O 

13.0

4.0 

10.0

6.0

11.0

6.0

12.0

14.0
216 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Watauga River, etc. Continued.

D'ate.

1900. 

Aug. 12

Do...

Do...

Oct. 18

Aug. 10

Oct. 7

Oct. 6

A tip- Q

Oct. 6

A T1 p- Q

Oct. 6

A n P* Q

Aug. 6

Aug. 11

Oct. 8

Aug. 12

Oct. ' 8

Aug. 4 

Do...

A IIQ> ft

Do... 

July 30

Aug. 13

Do...

July 29

Aug. 13

July 30

Do...

Aug. 13

Oct. 9

Aug. 13

Oct. 5

Dec. 31

Aug. 2

Aug. 17

Oct. 5

Aug. 3

Aug. 18

Oct. 5

Aug. 3

Do...

TV,

Do...

Oct. 5

Aug. 3

Aug. 17

Oct. 5

Dec. 39

Oct. 4

Aug. 2

Oct. 4

Oct. 4

July 19

Aug. 16

Sept. 34

Stream.

Creek.

.....do...... . ....... ..

.....do...... ..........

.....do............ .

Elk Creek. ...........

Creek. 

.... .do. ....... ........

North Fork of Elk

Creek. 

.....do........ ......

Cranberry Creek... .

Little Elk Creek.....

Dark Eidge Creek. ,.

.....do....... ..... ....

.... .do ............... .

Mill Creek.. ........ .

Doe Creek...... ...... 

.. ...do. ......... ......

.... .do. .......... .....

.....do......... ......

.... .do. ...... ....... ..

.....do...... ..........

... ...do.. . ....... ...

.....do....... ......

.... .do. ........... ....

.....do................

... ..do... ......... ....

.... -do...... ........ ..

.....do................

Shell Creek..... ....

.....do. ..............

River.

. ....do.. ............. .

.....do. ..... ..........

.....do...... ..........

Buffalo Creek ..... _

.. ...do ............ ....

... ..do...... ...... ...

.....do................

.... .do. ....... ........

Locality.

North Carolina.

.....do... . .............. .....

.... .do... .................. .....

.....do.... .................. ....

.....do..........................

.... .do.... ........ ..............

North Carolina. 

.... .do ..........................

.... .do.... ......................

North Carolina.

of the Little Elk, Tennessee.

lina. ..do --- :--..-- .

.. ...do. ................ ..... .

.-..do. . ... 

Cranberry, N. C....... --------

One-half mile above mouth, 

Tennessee.

Tennessee.

nessee. 

.-...do..........................

Mouth of Doe (town), Tenn. ..

.....do ..........................

nessee.

Tennessee. 

..-..do........................

... ..do. ...... ...... .... 

. ....do. ............ ....... ......

.....do ...... ...... . ...... 

.....do- . .................. .

.-..do.. ......... ........

 .do.......-.... .... .

tain, Tennessee.

nessee.

.-..do... - . ..... .

.-..do-.-.-- ...- . ------

.....do. . . . . 

....do.-. ...... .. .. ....

. ..:. do. ............. ........ ....

.. .do...... . ......... ....... ...

.....do........ ...... ........

.....do. ....... .-...-

.....do......... ...... ....... 

Elizabethton road, Tennessee. 

..... do-...... ...... . 

.... .do...... .. .......... ....

 do.. ........... ..... ....

Hydrographer.

.... .do..... ...... .

.... .do. .... ....

L.V. Branch.....

E. W. Myers- .

E. W. Myers-- 

..... do...... ......

 .do..... .......

L.V. Branch. ....

E. W. Myers..-.

L.V. Branch- .... 

.....do. .......

.... .do...... ......

.... .do . ......

.... .do.. .......

.... .do. ...... 

.....do.. ......

.....do ...... ......

.....do....... .

.... .do.... ........

..... do. . 

.....do. ........

.....do... ......

... ..do..... .......

E. W. Myers.. . -

.... .do...... ......

L.V. Branch ....

 .do ........

E. W. Myers.--

height.

Feet. 

4.31

2.06

2.17

16.62

5.59

5.6

5.7

2.94

3.02

1.55

7.21

11.96

11.82

5.61

5.64

6.95 

6.03

1.2

4.65 

5.7

4.85

4.53

3.48

3.82

9.48

5.23

5.49

5.46

5.94

6.95

7.59

4.60

5.94

6.20

6.23

5.23

5.56

5.81

5.85

8 46

2.35

3.67

4.42

4.78 

4.30

5.19

5.50

5.67

5.05

4.00

4.12

5.85

5.92

3.73

3.75

6.77

6.82

6.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

23.0

5.19

16.3

0.8

4.0

3.09

7.0

8.0

7.3

7.4

1.4

2.4

0.85

64.0

9.38

8.48

7.0

4.0

5.09 

5.05

6.0

3.0 

60.3

7.0

29.2

6.0

13.0

59.0 

26.2

28.38

9.0

44 0

16.0

48.0

143 4

106.0

82.0

304.0

72.0

50.0

39.3

41.3

14.0

5.0

35.0

17.0 

28.3

30.0

15.0

9.0

27.0

7.0

3.0

20.0

10.0

5.0

4.0

10.03

9.47

5.14
SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. 217

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of tributaries of Tennessee River above

Hiwassee River.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 20

Do

Do...

Do...

Sept. 1

Aug. 20 

Aug. 21

Sept. 1

Aug. 21

Aug. 31

Aug. 22

Aug. 23

Do...

Do...

Aug. 30

Aug. 30

Aug. 24

Do...

Aug. 25

Aug. 25

Do...

Do...

Aug. 29

Aug. 25

Aug. 28

Aug. 27

Aug. 28

A ,1 o. 07

Aug. 28

Aug. 27

Stream.

Ball Play Creek .....

.....do ...... ......

Mulberry Creek . . 

River. 

.....do....... ......

. ....do. ....... ........

River.

tie River. 

.....do.... ..... .......

.....do...... ..........

West Fork of Little

Pigeon River.

.....do - --- 

East Fork of Little

Pigeon River.

 ..do.... ............

Middle Fork of Little Pigeon River.

East Fork of Little

Pigeon River.

Locality.

Tariff ville,Tenn.. .....................

.... .do.. ............................... ..

Ipe, Tenn. .................... _ ......

.....do.. ............................... ..

.....do.... ...............................

. ....do..... ............................ ..

.... .do. ..................... ......... .

. .do..... ..............................

.....do.. .................................

 .do................... ....... ......

.....do................ ................

.....do....... ...... ..................

.....do.....-.. ........................

... do................. ..................

.....do. ....... ........................

.....do.... ............................

.....do... .. .. ...... . . ..

.....do............... ...................

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall ........

.....do............

. ....do. ........ ...

.....do. ...........

.....do............

.....do............ 

.. ..do ......... ...

.....do............

.....do...... ......

... ..do...... ......

 .do..... .......

.....do............

.... .do..... .......

.... .do. ...... 

.....do... .... ..

..... do. . -.... 

.....do.... ....

.... .do, ......... ..

. ....do. ........ ...

.... .do. ......

.....do...... ...

... ..do. ..... ..

.... .do. ....... ....

..... do. ........ ...

.. ...do. ...... .....

.....do .......

.....do. ..... ......

.....do...... ......

.....do.... ........

.....do............

.....do............

Dischetrge.

Sec.-ft. 

82.0

2.0

2.2

17 2

15.8

5.5 

1,751.0

2,115.0

40.2

35.2

4.8

4.3

29.5

92.6

112.5 26 1

6.2

2.5

95.2

88.0

51.5

178.4

1.0

3.0

1.5

126.8

68.9

10.3

9.1

23.5

27 4

453.8

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Hiwassee River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

July 26

Do...

July 27

Do...

TVi

Do...

Do...

July 28

Do...

Do... 

July 30

Do... 

Do...

July 31

Do...

Do...

Do_._

Aug. 1

A no- 9

Do...

Do...

Aug. 3

Do.__

Do_._

Do. .

Do...

Aug. 4 

Do...

Stream.

CH-int OiuiAlr

Wolf Creek.... ......

Nottely River ..... .

Ivy Log Creek.......

Mill Creek

Centers Creek. ...... 

Hish Shoals Creek . .

Locality.

. ...do. ............... ..........

.....do..........................

.....do......-.-.....- .......

.....do...... - --....

.... .do. ..................... ....

Blairsville, Ga... ..............

Blairsville, Q-a. ... ..........

Ivy Log, Ga ...................

Twine N C

.....do..........................

.....do.............. .... .....

.....do. ....................

.. ..do.................. ...... .

Mountain Scene, G-a ....... ... 

. ....do. .........................

Hydrographer.

H. G. Stokes. 

.....do....--.-....

.....do. ........

.....do......--. 

..... do. ...... -~.

. ....do. ........ ...

. ....do. . ....... ...

.....do............

.... .do..... .......

.. ...do. ... ..... ...

.... .do. ..... ._

.....do....... .. 

.....do............

.... .do..... . ......

.....do. ....... ....

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do..... .......

.....do.......... ..

..... do. ...... .....

.....do. .......

. ....do... ...... ...

.... .do...... ......

.....do.. ......

. ....do. ...........

.....do. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.40

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

17.3

46.8

29.5

22.8

55.6

18.8

20.0

29.3

99.6

505.1 

81.3

33.7 

13.7

462.0

12.8

22.0

500.4

94.4

11.9

15.0

20 6

337.8

3.2

73.0

19.0

12.3

22.3

23.9 

18.5
218 OPERATIONS AT BIVEK STATIONS, 1900. PAKT III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Hiwassee River, etc. Continued.

Date.

1900. 

Aug. 17

Sept. 4

Aug. 17

Do...

Sept. 4

Aug. 18

Do...

Do...

Sept. 3

Stream

..... do. ...............

Locality.

.....do ..................................

.....do ..................................

.....do .............. ...................

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall.----...

..... do. ....... ....

.....do............

.....do............

.... .do. ....... ....

.....do............

. ....do. ...... .....

.....do............

.... .do.. ...........

Discharge.

8ec.-ft.

7.7

6.5

2.0

6.8

4.3

6.8

4.0

25.0

20.2

Miscellaneous discharge measurements ofToccoa (Okoee)® River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

July 19

Do...

Do...

Do...

Do...

July 20

Do...

Do,.

July 23

Do...

Do...

July 24

Do...

Do...

Do...

Ana 15

Do...

Do...

Stream.

Mill Creek.. .........

River.

River.

Locality.

GEORGIA.

NcEir \Vilscots

Dial.---.................-..-.-- -- .

TENNESSEE.

.....do.................... ---.........

.....do..... ..............................

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall and

H. G. Stokes. 

.....do............

. ....do.. ........ . .

.....do............

. .do.. . 

.....do............

.....do... ......

.....do............

. ....do. ........ ...

.. ...do ....... .....

... ..do.. . ......

.... .do. ...... .....

 do. ........ ...

.....do..... .......

.....do............

O.P.Hall ........

.....do............

.....do............

.... .do. ...... 

.....do..... .......

.... .do. ...... .....

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

10.0

13.6

13.0

26.0

8.0

384.2

126.0

52.0

15.6

46.0

102.0

102.0

27.0

22 0

19.6

3.8

11.3

734.0

4.0

5.1

667.0

a After entering Tennessee the Toccoa is known as Okoee River. 

OLENTANGY EIVEE AT COLUMBUS, OHIO.

This station was established November 22, 1898, at the Fifth avenue bridge, Columbus. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 

36, page 175. The observations of river heights are made Under the 

general direction of Prof. C. N. Brown, of the Ohio State University. 

Records of measurements for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first 

Annual Report, Part IV, page 169. A number of measurements made 

in the latter part of 1899 were not published in the foregoing reports, 

and they, together with a measurement made on March 8, 1900, are 

given in the following list:

October 13, 1899: Gage height, 1 foot; discharge, 7 second-feet. 

October 13,1899: Gage height, 1 foot; discharge, 7 second-feet. 

Octoben 14,1899: Gage height, 1 foot; discharge, 7 second-feet.
OHIO. 219

October 20, 1899: Gage height, 1 foot; discharge, 7 second-feet. 

November 17,1899: Gage height, 1.20 feet; discharge, 44 second-feet. 

December 2,1899: Gage height, 1.10 feet; discharge, 15 second-feet. 

March 8, 1900: Gage height, 5.42 feet; discharge, 5,039 second-feet.

Daily gage lieight, in feet, of Olentangy River at Columbus, Ohio, for 1900.

Day.

1.... ..........

2.... ..........

3. ............. 

4t. ..............

5.... ..........

6. .......... ...

7 ..............

8. .......... ...

9. ............ .

10..............

11 . .. 

12....... ....

13. ..........

14.-... .. .

15-... ... .......

16..............

17- . .

18.... ....... 

19....... ....

30.... .

21

22..............

23

34

35.... ..........

36..............

27

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31... ....... ....

Jan.

1.80

1.80

1.80 

1 80

1 80

1.80

1 80

1 80

1 80

1.80

1.80

2.35

3.10

3.50

2.35

2.50

2.85

2.55

2 30

3.40

4.00

3.30

2.40

1.95

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1 80

Feb.

1.80

1.80

1.80 

1.80

1.80

1.80 i.ro

2.15

3.85

3.10

2 15

1.85

3.45

3.90

3.00

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

2.40 

3.30

2.55

1.80

1 80

1.80

2.50

Mar.

2.90

2.80

2.80 

2.80

2.90

5.55

6.90

4.75

3.65

3.15

2 80

2.65

2.15

1.95

1.75

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.70

Apr.

2 25

2.60

2.35

9 11

1.90

1.75

1 60

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.40 i in

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.55

2.20

2.90

2.30

1.90

3.65 

3.65

3.05

2.60

2 05

1.80

1.50

1.40

1.40

May.

1.40

1 40

1.40 1 in

1 40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1 25

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1 30

1 30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1 30

1.30 

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.30

1.35

June.

1.50

1.90

1.90 

1.90

1 60

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1 30

1.30

1.30

1 30

1.45

1.60

1.35

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

July.

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.30

1.25

1.10

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.05

1.30

1.40

1.90

1.80

1.70

1.65

Aug.

1.&5

1 30

1.30 

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.35

1.20

1.30 

1.20

2.15

1.80

1.70

2.90

3.30

3.00

3.20

1.85

Sept.

1.60

1.60

1.45 

1 30

1.30

1.10

1. 00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.00

Oct.

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.10

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

LOO

1.00

Nov.

1.00

1 00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

LOO

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.05

1.10 

1.10

1.20

1.80

2.35

2.65

2.30

1.80

1.70

Dec,

1.78

1.59

1.39 

1 25

1 29

1 29

1 29

1.38

1.3»

1.39

1.38

1.38

1.39

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.69

1.55

1.39

1.36

1.38

1.29 

1 28

1.28

1.29

1 20

1.29

1.29

1.20

1.20

1 29

SCIOTO RIVER AT COLUMBUS, OHIO.

This station was established November 22, 1898, at the Grandview 

avenue bridge, Columbus. It is described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 36, page 176. The observations are made under the general 

direction of Prof. C. N. Brown, of the Ohio State University. Measurements for the year 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first Annual 

Report, Part IV, page 170. A number of measurements made in the 

latter part of 1899 were not published in the foregoing reports, and 

they, together with the measurements made in 1900, are given in the 

following table:

Discharge measurements of Scioto River at Columbus, Ohio.

Date.

Oci.13,1899 ..............

Oct. 14, 1899...... ...........

Oct. 20, 1899 ........... ...

Nov.17,1899 ................

Nov. 30, 1899...... . ... .. 

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.10

9.10

9 30

9.30

9.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14

13

14

33

37

Date.

Dec.2,1899.................

Jan. 18, 1900. . ......

Feb. 15, 1900. ...............

Mar.7,1900 ................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.40

11.90

12.90

17.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

43

1 328

2,391

8,581
220 OPEKATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Scioto River at Columbus, Ohio, for 1900.

Day.

1. ...... .......

2

3.... ..........

4. .............

5. ........ ....

6. .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

JO..............

11 .......... ....

13..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

IT..............

18..............

19..............

20.............

21 ..............

22.... ..........

23..............

24.............

K. .............

36. . ....... ..

27... ........... 

28 ...........

29....... . 

30. .......

a.... ..........

Jan.

9 71

9 7n

9.65

9 R.fi

9

KA

9.45

9

fyi

9.55

9 fift,

9.60

9.70

9 71

11.30

11 40

11.35

11 45

12.15

11.95

11.75

13.35

15.25

14 20

13.55

13.15

12.35

11.70

11.10 

10.70

10.65 

10.50 

10.85

Feb.

10.45

10.40

10.35

10.30

10.30

10.30

10.35

11.50

14.00

13.25

12.75

12.15

13.55

13.75

12.95

12.50

11 45

10.95

11 25

10.85

10.75

11.90

12.65

13.05

12.30

12.85

12.95

12.65

Mar.

13.55

13.00

1O (*f\

19 fin

12 65

16.65

17 in

16.05

IK on

11 11

14 40

13.60

12.95

12.30

11.80

11 40

10 90

10.90

11.00

11.15

11.10

10.85

10.70

10.60

10.60

10.80

10.80 

10.75

10.80 

10.90 

10.80

Apr.

19 11

12.70 19 on

12.40

U QK

11.35

11.10

10.85

10.65

10.50

10.40

10.40

10.60

10.95

10 90

10.80

10.75

11.80

12.65

12.20

11.65

12.50

12.15

n Qn

11.60

11.15

10.80 

10.55

10.45 

10.35

May.

10.20

10.15

10.10

10.05

10.00

9

QK

9 on

9.90

9 on

9 ftfi

9.90

9 on

9.90

9 80

o 7n

9.70

9 70

9 71

9.65

9 11)

9.60

9 fin

9.60

9 11

9.50

9.50

9.50 

9.50

9.50 

9.50 

9.50

June.

9

£A

9 f.fl

9 7fi

9 on

9 01

10.00

9 01

9.90

9 sn

10.20

10.45

10.30

10.05

9 71

9.55

9.45

Q 4A

9.60

9.50

9 A.1

9.40

9 40

9.30

9 fin

9.00

9.05

9.10 

9 25

9.50 

9.a5

July.

9.40

9 Af\

9 <?n

9 Oft

9.20

9 9ft

9 20

9.20

9 90

9 m

9.10

9 in

9 in

9 11

9 in

S m

9 20

9 in

9.05

9

AK

9 3n

Q 9O

9 in

10.15

9 4fl

9.15

9.05 

9.10

9.10 

10.40 

9.90

Aug.

9 on

9 fift

9 45

9

<?n

9 91

9 in

9 9n

9.10

9

11*

9.25

9.10

9 fin

9.00

S on

9 on

9 25

9 11

9.05

8.90

9.55

9.65

9 m

9.30

9 sn

10.05

10.30

10.25 

10.05

9.95 

9.80 

9.70

Sept.

9.45

9.30

9.30

9.20

9 9f\

9.10

9.20

9.15

9.10

9.10

9.00

9.00

8.95

8.90

8.95

9.00

9.00

9.20

9.00

8.90

8.80

8.80

8.70

8.75

8.85

8.90

8.90 

8.90

9.05 

9.30

Oct.

9.25

9.20

9.20

9.30

9 9O

9.15

9.00

9.00

9 9n

9.20

9.20

9.40

9.65

9.50

9.35

9.30

9 25

9.20

9.15

9.10

8.10

9.10

9.20

9.20

9.20

9.15

9.00 

9.05

9.05 

9.00 

9.10

Nov.

9.15

9.15

Q 10

9.20

Q 10

9.15

9.20

9.20

9.05

9.10

9.10

9.10

9.15

9.20

9.20

9 20

9.20

9.20

9.20

9.25

9.30

9.30

9.80

10.15

10.65

11.70

11.55 

11.50

11.40 

11.10

Dec.

10.60

10.35

10.15

10.05

9.95

9.85

9.80

9.80

9.85

9.90

9.75

9.65

9.65

9.45

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.35

9.30

9.35

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.35

9.30 

9.30

9.35 

9.35 

9.35

MAUMEE RIVER NEAR WATERVILLE, OHIO.

This station was established on November 19, 1898, by H. A. Pressey and B. H. Flynn. It is located at the highway bridge near Waterville, the gagiugs being made 011 the downstream side. It is described 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, pages 178 and 179, where will also be 

found the results of the discharge measurements made during 1899. 

During 1900 the following measurements were made by B. H. Flynn:

July 26: Gage height, 3.30 feet; discharge, 2,143 second-feet.

November 24: Gage height, 4.85 feet; discharge. 6,784 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Maumee River near Waterville, Ohio, for 1900.

Day.

1 ...........

2. ......... .... 

3, . ........ .... 

4... ....... ....

5. ..........

6. .......... ...

8... ...........

9... ...........

10. ......... ....

11 ..............

12 

13 - 

14...... .....

15 .-. 

16 .. 

17... ....... .

18-.-.. . 

19... ...........

SO. . 

21.... ...... ....

22

23....... .

24. ......... . 

35 ........... ...

26 ...........

27----.-. ....

28.... ..........

29........ ..... 

30 ..........

31 ..............

Jan.

4 00

4.25

4.45 

4 50

4 50

4.70

4.35

'-{ Oft

3.50

3.05

2.90

3.35 

3.50

o cn

3.55 

3.40

3.30 

3.20 

3.55

4.05

4.80

5.05

5.30

5.00 

5.20

5.10

4.35

4.00 

3.60

3.60

Feb.

3.70

3.60

3.60 

3.85

4.05

4 25

4.40

4.80

5.55

6.60

7.05

6.65 

6.25 

6.55

6.40 

6.75

6.05 

4.80 

3.40

3.35

3.50

3.50

3.60

3.85 

4.05

4 AX.

4.10

3.85

-------

Mar.

0 Of)

3.50 

3.55 

3.80

4.35

A 71

5.35

5 OK

7 on

11 40

n

an

10.10 

8.60

6.80 

6.10

6.00 

5.65

6 SO

6

7K

6.55

6.70

6.70

6.85 

6.65 6 40

6.30 i on

5.S5

5.00

5.25

Apr.

5 40

5.40 

5.55 

5.60

5

7K

K on

5.50 4 90

4 25

3.85

3.55

3.60 

3.95 4 00

4.20 

4.35

4.60 

5.00 

5.35

5.05

1 Cft

5 71

6.10

6.00 i 7n

5.25 4 85

4 20

3.90 

3.80

May.

 ? is

3.130 

3.30 9 90

9 80

2.80

S on

3. as

3.10

0 AA

*> on

2.70 

3.70 

2.70

2.80

9 RS

2.60 

2.50 

2.60

3

ae

2.65

3

cn

2.55

2.50 *> in

2 45

o 40

3.45

2.60 

3.10

3.70

June.

3 on

4.05 

4.45 4 45

i 11

3 on

3 40

3 on

3 50

3 7n

3 on

4.35 

4.60 

4.35

4.00 

3.90

3.55

3.50

3 on

3 30

3.00

0 AA

0 OK

3.85 4 50

4.55

4.15

3.65

3.15

3

7PL

July.

3 7fi

2.60 

2.65 

2.75 *> an

2.80 9 ttf\

3 OA

3.80 4 25

4.30

4.05 

3.65

3 fifl

3.50 

3 40

3.35

3.70 3fifi

0 KA

3.65

S

on

0 7K

3.30

3 in

3 on

3.15

*> QA

2.90 

2.75

3.15

Aug.

3

Ofl

3.25 

3.10 

2.90

3 on

S tffi

2.50

2.40 9 40

3

RK

2.75

2.45 

2.30

3 on

2.20 

2.20

2.10 

2.10 3 in

3 in

2.10 2 25

2 65

3.00 

3.20

3 on

3.15

2

7K

2.70 

2.45

2.40

Sept.

2.45

2.50 

2.35 

2 25

2.20

2.10

2 20

2.20

2.15

2.20 2 20

2.10 

2.15 

2.10

2.10 

2 10

2.10 

2.10 

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10 

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10 

2.10

Oct.

2.10

2.20 

2.30

2.20 2 25

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.20 2 20

2 20

2.35 

2.40 2 50

2.40 

2.35

2.30

2.20 3 in

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.20

2.20 

2.20

3.20 2 20

2.20

2.20 2 20

2.20

Nov.

3 on

2.20 

2.30 

2 35

2.40

9 M

2 55

2.40

2.35

3 on

*> 3ft

2.25 

2.20 2 25

2.30 

2.35 2. as.

2.45

3 OK

3.45

4.15

4 on

* 9*

5.35 5 40

5 30

5.25

4.95

4.55 

4.20

Dec.

4.35

4.70 

4.45 4 25

4 05

3.80

3.75

3.45

3.55

3.10

o An

3.00 

3.00 

3.20

2.95

2.85

2.80 

2.70

o ce

O EK

2 50

2 in

2 50

2.50 

2.35

 > 40

2.70

2 71

2.55

2.70

2.70
OHIO. 221

SANDUSKY RIVER NEAR MEXICO, OHIO.

This station was established November 17, 1898, at the highway 

bridge near Mexico, about 40 miles above Fremont, Ohio. It »vas 

abandoned November 17, 1900. Only one measurement was made in 

1899, when, at a gage height of 5.40 feet, the discharge was 1,386 secondfeet. During 1900 the following measurements were made by B. H. 

Flynn:

July 25: Gage height. 1.75 feet; discharge, 133 second-feet. 

November 22: Gage height, 1.80 feet; discharge, 225 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio, for 1900.

Day.

1-... ........

2............

3... .........

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10...... ......

11.. .... ......

12.. ..........

13............

14............

15............

16............ ir.. ..........

18............

19............

20............

21............

23............

23. ...........

24............

25

26............

27............

28

29............

30............

31............

Jan.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

2.3

3.5

4.2

4.0

4.3

4.8

5.7

5.2

4.2

3.7

7.9

7.8

6.1

4.7

3.9

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.1

Feb.

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

4.2

7.7

7.6

5.3

3.7

5.6

8.3

7.3

4.5

3.9

3.7

3.2

2.7

2.4

3.4

3.7

4.6

4 2

4.1

4.0

3.9

Mar

4.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.8

9.6

15.5

15.3

14.5

10.9

9.1

7.4

5 5

4.8

4.0

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.3

2 4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.7

2 7

2.8

2.9

2.8

Apr.

3.2

4.6

5.0

4.3

4.0

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.7

3.4

3.3

3.3

2.9

2.7

4.3

5.3

4.9

3.6

3.3

4.0

4.5

4.0

3.3

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.9

May.

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1 2

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

June.

1.9

2 1

2.7

2 4

2.1

1.9

2.0

2.2

2 1

2.1

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

l.tt

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.9

1.7

July.

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.8

.8

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

1.3

2.6

2.5

2 4

2.0

1.8

1.9

Aug.

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

1 1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.7

.9

.8

.7

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.6

3.3

2.9

2.5

5.0

5.9

4.6

4.1

5.3

4.8

2.5

2.0

Sept.

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.8

.9

Oct.

1.3

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.2

2 1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

Nov.

0.9

.8

.8

.8

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

(a)

a Gage destroyed. 

SANDUSKY RIVER AT FREMONT, OHIO.

This station, which was established November 18, 1898, by H. A. 

Pressey and B. H. Flynn, is at the bridge of the Lake Shore Railroad 

at Fremont. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 181. 

One measurement was made in 1899 gage height, 2.32 feet; discharge, 1,784 second-feet. The following measurements were made 

during 1900:

July 26: Gage height, 2.75 feet; discharge, 2,316 second-feet. 

November 23: Gage height, 1.60 feet; discharge, 463 second-feet.
222 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sandusky River at Fremont, Ohio, for 1900.

Day.

1-... ....... ...

2. ......... .... 

3.. ........ ....

4:. .............

5 .... ...... ....

6. ......... ....

7. ........ .....

8.......... .

9. ........... ..

10... ...........

11 ...........

12. .......... ... 

13... ..... ......

14. .......... ...

15. ............ .

16. ....... ...... ir ............ ..

18. ............ .

18 ........ ......

20.. ...... ...

21 .......... .... 

22...... 

23--.... .....

24...... ....... .

25.....,---..-..

26

27

28..............

29

30.............. 

31. .............

Jan.

0.95

.95 

.95

on

QO

.90

on

.90

.90

.90

on

1.05 

1.40

1.95

2.00 

2.15

2.15

2.05

1.75

2.00

3.20 

2.95

2.40

1.85

1.55

1.35

1.25

.85

.70

.70 

.70

Feb.

0.65

.65 

.60

.65

.65

71

.75

2.35

3.30

2.80

2.15

1.45 

3.30

3.35

2.70 

1.85

1.15

.80

.95

.85

.85 

1.35

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.70

1.65

1.80

.......

Mar.

1.95

2.70 

2.75

2

QK

2.90

4.65

6 45

6.90

5.70

5.30

3.55

2.35 

1.65

1.55

1.80 

1.40

1.20

1.20

1 40

1.30

1.10 

1.10

1.00

.90

.90

.90

.90

1.10

1.10

1.00 

1.00

Apr.

1 20

1.70 

1.70

1.60

1 60

i iui

1.20

1 00

.90

.80

.80

1.35

1.50

i An

1.30 

1.20

1 30

2.15

2.20

1.80

1.60 

1 45

1.85

1.95

1.75

1.35

1.05

.90

.70

.70

May.

0.60

.50

40

40

40

.30

.30

.30

.35

.40

40

.30 

.30

.30

.30 

.20

.25

.30

.20

.20

.20 

.10

25

.25

1.10

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

June.

1.50

1.60 

1.65

1.70

1 60

1.50

1.60

1 60

1.50

1.50

1 60

1.50 

1.40

1.50

1.45

1.20

L20

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.10 

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.00

.90

.95

.90

.80

July.

0.85

.85

.85

.80

71

.65

.70

85

.95

.95

on

.75 

.75

.65

.50 

.60

.50

.60

.55

.40

.40 

.40

.90

1.05

1.70

2.35

1.75

1.70

1.50

1.50 

1.50

Aug.

1.40

1.30 

1.20

1.10

.90

.80

.80

.80

.90

.85

.65

.60

.75

.75

.80 

.75

.75

1.10

1.05

1.15

2.75 

2.55

2.20

2.75

3.75

3.05

2.80

2.00

1.50

1.45 

1.00

Sept.

1 00

.95 

.95 i no

1.50

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.65 

1.65

1.70

1.65 

1.75

1.60

1.70

1.65

1.75

1.80 

1.75

1.60

1.40

1.25

1.10.

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.00

Oct.

1.10

1.20 

1.10

1.05

1.10

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05 

1.05

.90

 .85 

.80

.95

1.00

.85

.80

.90 

.95

1.10

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.05

1.00

.90

.85 

1.00

Nov.

1.00

1.05 

.90

.80

.85

.80

.85

.80

.85

.90

.85

.85 

.75

.80

.75 

.70

.80

.75

.80

1.10

1.50 

1.70

1.80

1.85

2.10

2.30

2.60

2.20

2.00

1.90

Dec.

1.75

1.70 

1.60

1.35

1 30

1.35

1 'VI

1.40

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.15 

1.10

1.05

1.00 

1.15

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.00

1.00 

1.05

1.10

1.00

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.10

1.00

1.00 

.90

SENECA RIVER AT BALDWINSVILLE, NEW YORK.

Records of the stations on the New York streams which belong to 

the coast drainage will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 

42 to 80. A number of the streams of that State on which stations 

have been established belong to the Great Lakes drainage, and following the geographic arrangement which has been determined upon for 

the publication of the records contained in these reports, the records 

for these stations are inserted on this and the following pages. The 

methods employed in the gaging of these streams is discussed on pages 

37 to 41 of Water-Supply Paper No. 47, where will also be found a 

list of the gaging stations in New York State, a table of the currentmeter measurements made during 1900, a table of the drainage areas, 

and other interesting information.

The gaging station on Seneca River at Baldwinsville is described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 183. This river drains the central 

lake region of New York. The outlets of Otisco, Skaneateles, and 

Owasco lakes are crossed by Erie Canal, and a portion of their flow 

is intercepted for water-supply purposes. Water from Lake Erie 

feeds the main canal as far as Port Byron. Some of this water is discharged into Seneca River, and thence is delivered into Lake Ontario.

The upper reaches of Seneca River are canalized, forming the Cayuga 

and Seneca canals, while dams on the lower portion admit of slackwater navigation, forming a part of Oswego Canal. During the summer but little water flows over the dam at Baldwinsville. In times of.
YORK. 223

low water the mills are allowed to run a certain number of hours during the day, or until the supply accumulated in the pond above the 

dam is drawn down to a certain level. The water is diverted through 

three power canals, and is conducted to the water wheels by means of 

short lateral channels. The loss through leakage of wheel gates, 

flumes, and penstocks is considerable.

The following current-meter measurements were made at Baldwinsville:

June 11, 1900: Second-feet. 

Amosrace .....-..-..-..-.--.. .................................... 193.5

Oswego Canal -..-._.....--_--.-.__...._-.-.. ................. .... 504.5

Main stream at railroad bridge 1 ......_._...,..,._._..--_--_--..-. ... 1,183.0

Total flow...... ....... ....................................... 1,881.0

September 11, 1900 (no water flowing over dam):

South Side Canal............ ...................................... 475.0

Oswego Canal. ......................................... .......... 317.0

Amosrace..----.. .... ........................ ................... 127.0

Total flow.................... .................................. 919.0

The Baldwinsville record shows a relatively low run-off for this 

stream. The 1900 record is withheld for the .present, additional 

measurements to determine leakage, etc., being needed.

CHITTENANGO CREEK AT BRIDGEPORT, NEW YORK.

This station is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 184. 

A current-meter measurement was made at a highway bridge below 

the inflow of Butternut Creek, near Bridgeport, on June 16, 1900, and 

the total flow of Chittenango Creek at that point was found to be 95 

second-feet. The stage of the stream, as shown by the record kept 

at Bridgeport, was uniform for several days. The mean flow, as 

computed from the gage readings, was 95 second-feet for June 15 and 

16. There is no opportunity to measure separately the discharge 

through the turbines or the leakage of the dam at this station, and 

an allowance of 15 second-feet has been made for the leakage of the 

dam and the dike leading to the old sawmill. The sawmill, situated 

on the left side of the stream, runs very irregularly. The water 

wheels are old, and the penstocks leak considerably. On June 16 a 

current-meter measurement was made in the headrace leading to the 

sawmill. The water wheels were running, and the flow was found to 

be 14.4 second-feet.

The relatively low run-off from the watershed of Chittenango Creek, 

as shown in the accompanying tables, may be attributed to the diversion 

of a portion of the flow to supply the summit level of Erie Canal.

State dams are located on the main stream at Chittenango, and on 

its two tributaries, Limestone Creek and Butternut Creek. Cazenovia 

Lake, Erieville, De Kuyter, and Jamesville reservoirs impound stor1 Including South Side Canal.
224 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49.

age, by which the flow is regulated to some extent. Water is also 

diverted from Tioghnioga River, entering the Orville feeder through 

Limestone Creek.

Additional information in regard to this creek will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled 

"Methods employed in the gaging of New York streams during the 

year 1900."

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, New York,

for 1898.

[Drainage area, 307 square miles.]

Day.

1. ...............

2

3................

4. ............ ...

5. .......... .....

6. .......... .....

T. ............ ...

8..-.... ......

9...... .... ......

10...... ..........

11. ...............

12

13................

14. ......... ......

15. .......... .....

16.-....-..... .

17. ...............

Sept.

(a)

(a)

82

116

Oct.

180

a 205

171

172

156

309

335

304

a 130

165

194

196

197

181

ISi

a335

399

Nov.

563

559

434

358

Q7Q

a385

331

359

386

474

1,339

1,571

al,365

921

7Qrt

694

615

Dec.

437

360

348

a 385

471

414

404

330

361

365

0465

434

454

450

472

619

Day.

18...............

19...............

20... ........... .

21 .- 

33

33.. ......... ....

24.. ....... ......

35

36....... ...-..-

27..............

28. .. 

29. . 

30... ......... ...

31. -------

Sept.

a53

119

139

117

111

115

135

a85

142

149

214

154

198

139

Oct.

284

297

330

369

463

a 465

487

472

352

867

972

661

a565

519

344

Nov.

500

506

a 675

738

633

593

569

490

443

a 465

533

413

421

612

Dec.

a605

678

669

793

1,155

1,393

1,401

a 1,075

857

736

541

480

630

630

597

a Sunday.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, New York,

for 1899.

Day.

1 . . .

o

3.. ............

4... .... 

5-- ------

6 ...... . 

7... ------

8... .....

9 

10- . 

11 .. --.

13 . 

13 

14. . .

15- -

16-.. . .

17 . - .

18. 

19. 

20.- 

21 .- - . 

22

23

24. 

25

26

27 . . 

28. . .

29. .....-.

30.- .-..

31..... . ........

Jan.

a 515 

571

636 

737 

1,067 

1,310 

1,282 

al,135 

734 

486 

473 

633 

849 

738 

al,360 

1,280 

1,101 

632 

390 

395 

389 

a 385 

399 

373 

311 

363 

308 

333 

a 385

448 

637

662

Feb.

520 

484 

440 

465 

a 385 

356 

343 

465 

385 

385 

385 

a 385 

538 

524 

463 

363 

449 

354 

a 385 

541 

444 

619 

950 

1,074 

1,314 

al,015 

645 

755

Mar.

633 

473 

385 

520 

al,360 

1,331 

1,475 

1,069 

860 

852 

659 

a 565 

1,196 

1,061 

970 

665 

634 

526 

a 565 

736 

766 

962 

1,061 

1,345 

1,061 

a 885 

626 

760 

1,075 

1,360 

1,360

551 ' 893

Apr.

837 

a 795 

753 

861 

866 

864 

857 

1,420 

al,675 

1,369 

1,306 

1,274 

1,597 

1,737 

1,614 

ol,405 

1,339 

1,221 

859 

861 

639 

447 

a 165 

627 

527 

456 

331 

379 

359 

a 395

921

May.

447 

357 

310 

172 

172 

157 

a 95 

173 

172 

227 

237 

173 

173 

a 165 

180 

174 

250 

310 

374 

374 

a 385 

281 

365 

353 

197 

195 

227 

a 235 

312 

333 2«>9

345

June.

436 

346 

334 

a 105 

184 

339 

329 

344 

192 

147 

a 70 

169 

192 

182 

109 

184 

192 

a 70 

152 

84 

92 

100 

124 

134 

a 70 

141 

109 

109 

84 

91

161

July.

116 

a 55 

97 

113 

132 

99 

123 

132 

a45 

89 

262 

271 

162 

169 

99 

a 70 

101 

221 

210 

304 

152 

117 

a 70 

102 

103 

123 

110 

88 

109 

a 45 

141

123

Aug.

84 

79 

169 

136 

134 

a 70 

135 

135 

134 

79 

63 

44 

a 15 

141 

135 

103 

87 

76 

91 

a 35 

120 

109 

96

(a)

56 

96 

112

96

Sept.

81 

49 

o45 

133 

81 

76 

74 

96 

96 

a 15 

71 

96 

92 

56 

88 

79 

025 

89 

74 

96 

117 

39 

84 

a 25 

67 

49 

112 

119 

96 

79

76

Oct.

a 75 

90 

91 

90 

80 

141 

89 

o45 

107 

117 

101 

101 

85 

72 

o!5 

84 

30 

38 

38 

45 

47 

a!5 

60 

68 

43 

57 

48 

25 

a30 

65 

65

64

Nov.

60 

145

145 

160 

o!65

338 

138 

130 

108 

65 

46 

o35 

73 

57 

65 

60 

88 

57 

o35 

83 

70 

78 

100 

103 

110 

a 25 

109 

133 

114 

105

95

Dec.

113 

127 

ol43 

159 

149 

151 

166 

179 

155 

o!68 

181 

211 

326 

395 

395 

374 

o355 

466 

706 

588 

398 

304 

254 

o200 

139 

238 

261 

201 

249 

244 

0340

281

a Sunday.
NEW YORK. 225

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, New York,

for 1900.

Day.

1. ........ ....

2. ........ ....

3. ...... ...

4. .. ......... .

5. .... ........

6.............

7. ............

8. ........ ....

9.. .......... .

10. ........ ....

11.............

12. ......... ...

13.............

14.............

15.............

16. ...... ......

17.............

18. ........ ....

19. ............

20.............

21

22. . ...........

23... .........

24.............

25. ............

26

27. ............

28.............

29

30.............

31. ...........

Jan.

161

247

242

263

318

379

a 275

374

392

307

307

302

373

a 275

373

422

504

599

971

1,540

a 1,485

1,445

1,195

1,074

422

429

764

a 790

522

372

372

561

Feb.

467

581

581

580

507

502

1 '959 437

1,313

a 1,115

771

1,187

1,700

1,445

1,188

985

a 275

187

189

242

987

992

1,005

a 790

706

591

591

725

Mar.

774

671

605

792

776

892

wn

583

511

a 425

463

441

383

367

383

375

a 355

603

589

603

788

782

1,003

a 1,115

788

707

982

1,090

1,221

1,351

697

Apr.

a 1,230

1,394

1 \\7

1,447

1,342

1,327

1,318

al,365

1 433

1,255

1,072

853

667

675

a 595

511

667

620

1,703

801

880

a 785

860

770

577

436

355

268

a 275

370

911

May.

266

268

245

245

237

a 215

295

287

295

245

237

218

a 165

247

259

283

268

280

237

222

166

171

136

118

98

a40

150

92

117

90.

207

June.

106

80

a 70

134

125

132

117

88

105

a 70

116

108

67

96

95

Q1

a 70

117

73

107

92

69

78

a43

116

81

73

78

133

71

93

July.

a38

91

99

33

82

153

132

a 130

156

77

88

63

66

a 80

42

96

160

136

101

136

134

a 105

129

100

101

253

172

117

a 105

124

133

110

Aug.

107

108

68

80

a38

103

40

40

49

73

65

a 37

38

120

89

92

83

96

a53

63

83

66

134

44

93

a38

75

95

86

70

66

73

Sept.

91

a53

75

79

55

67

55

33

a33

87

60

72

37

57

65

a 15

70

62

53

111

70

117

a53

79

62

84

99

117

108

a33

68

Oct.

67

108

67

75

75

91

a 38

100

102

114

115

136

72

a42

98

94

89

63

77

57

a42

86

58

100

96

94

75

a33

75

90

85

81

Nov.

108

100

Q*>

a34

67

70

73

105

130

86

a34

102

87

106

98

106

105

a 45

153

169

136

139

111

113

a 45

1,255

1,953

1,835

1,272

1,105

327

Dec.

a 608

355

356

288

865

1,330

1,150

al,035

690

400

330

335

480

456

a 452

425

497

538

421

423

431

a358

378

844

1,231

452

606

618

a443

275

347

562

a Sunday. 

ONEIDA CREEK AT KENWOOD, NEW YORK.

A description of this station, which is located at the silk-mill dam 

in Kenwood, will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 186. 

There is no leakage of the dam, and only a slight leakage of the flume 

and head gates, which has been taken at 2 second-feet. The flow 

over a wasteway near the mill is computed by means of Francis's 

formula. A second spillway in the canal bank near the dam has a 

broad, irregular crest, over which water sometimes flows. A discharge curve for this spillway has been prepared, using coefficients 

from the Cornell experiments for dam with a broad, flat crest. 1

Current-meter measurements were made to check the calculated 

flow at Kenwood, with the following results:

June 1, 1900: Second-feet. 

Total flow at Oaeida Castle ........ .............-....----.---..... 36.6

Flow over dam, crest gage reading 0.15 foot .............. ,........^ 19

Flow through turbine, 11.75 feet head, one-third gate..--..-----.-.. 15

Flow over wasteway near mill.......-.-...---....,-...-.._.--.--.. 1

Assumed leakage...._.__.....-.-........-.---... --.-.. ........._.. 2

Total flow (computed)..................... -..-..-.-._-..--...

September 17, 1900:

Total flow measured in headrace.____._..__.___._............ ......

Flow through turbine, one-third gate ...._--.--..----.-.--.-----.-- 15

Assumed leakage .........-..-.......--....--...-----.-....-----... 2

Total flow (computed).

37.0

20.0

17.0

1 See Proc. Am. Soc. C. E., March, 1900, p. 282.
226 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [so. *8.

At Oneida is a State darn, diverting water for the supply of the summit level of Erie Canal. No measurements of diversion to the feeder 

have been made. Practically the entire flow of Oneida Creek, less 

leakage of the dam, is taken for this purpose during the low-water 

season.

Additional information in regard to this creek will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled 

'' Methods employed in the gaging of New York streams during the 

year 1900."

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oneida Creek at Kemvood, New York, for 1898. 

[Drainage area, 59 square miles.]

Day.

1 ........ .............

2........................

3............ ............

4........................

5.......................

6... ................. ....

7........................

8........................

9. ....................

10 ........ .............

11. .......................

12 ....................

13 .. . ...........

14.......................

15.......................

16.......................

17. ...................

Oct.

(a)

119

58

60

58

a 45

23

23

30

27

51

110

a 100

102

Nov.

90

72

70

65

60

a 58

60

58

51

265

274

172

a 140

119

123

106

106

Dec.

70

63

80

a 76

82

60

nn

45

fUl

a 50

50

45

50

55

101

108

 Day.

18........... ...... . .....

19 .................. .....

20......... ...........

21

22

23. ....... ............

24

2&. ......................

27

98

29

30 .......................

31 .......................

Oct.

75

7K

75

70

110

a 100

100

75

120

180

1i>Q

133

a 100

100

DO

Nov.

103

115

a l~'l

123

109

123

100

86

93

61

76

6*

1(15

Dec.

a 69

40

60

205

170

s>m

173

a 136

100

80fin

70

101

101

a Sunday. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, New York, for 1899.

Day.

1 ............... a. ............ .....

3..................

4. ..............

5...... ...... ......

6. .................

7. ..............

8-... .......... ....

9..................

10..................

11. ............. ....

12. ..... ......

13..................

14. ...... ........

15.... ......... .....

16..................

17. ............ .....

18..................

19..................

20. .......... .......

21.. ...... ..........

22

23..................

24...... ............

25

26..................

27.................

28. ...... ...........

29

30..................

31..................

Jan.

a 76

96

108

210

300

160

143

a 114

95

80

138

180

205

273

a 225

183

135

101

75

65

67

55

75

85

60

55

42

a 43

51

75

117

Feb.

50

65

80

72

a59

50

50

50

35

37

100

a 74

56

37

47

42

39

41

a40

52

160

365

232

147

99

a 161

232

122

93

Mar.

113

96

115

112

a 157

22

202

168

128

75

90

a 149

235

157

123

140

144

133

a 157

198

135

157

254

183

190

a 170

157

123

230

183

165

157

Apr.

122

a 115

116

96

122

131

166

334

a260

214

196

496

416

406

341

a 260

196

166

166

144

136

110

a 102

96

91

110

110

91

86

a 93

183

May.

71

60

60

nQ

54in

a48

53

53

53

ni

59

59

a48

53

60

61

68

66

91

a80

82

63

54

66

43

43

108

76

59

62

June,

46

36

36

a35

31

31

31

24

24

24

a25

26

26

26

51

41

36

a30

26

31

26

26

31

31

a 31

31

31

24

24

21

30

July.

18

a20

20

20

30

34

21

41

a 40

51

26

24

24

24

21

a20

31

28

26

26

24

25

a25

26

21

21

20

21

18

a20

21

25

Oct.

a 15

21

21

21

21

21

24

a 18

24

24

21

24

24

24

n 1Q

25

25

25

24

24

25

a25

25

25

24

25

25

«26

29

31

23

Nov.

144

69

56

66

a55

44

40

26

26

24

26

a 27

28

26

22

26

26

22

a25

28

24

26

24

26

24

a25

26

26

26

26

33

Dec.

23

29

a25

27

29

29

25

33

41

o25

97

70

70

91

82

73

a30

30

97

79

92

80

68

70

36

39

27

- 34

27

a34

60

a Sunday. 

NOTE. No record for August and September.
NEW YOEK. 227 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oneida Creek at Kenwood, New York, for 1900.

Day.

I...... ............

2

3...... ........ ....

4.. ................

5..................

6..................

1 ..................

8..................

9. .............. ...

10..-..'--....... .

11 ............ ......

12..................

13. ............... ..

14. ............... ..

15--....-..-- .--.

16. .................

17..................

18.................

19 ..................

20

21 ............ ......

22..................

23.................:

34.. ............. ...

25 ................. .

26. ............. ....

27 ..................

28 ..................

29..................

30. ............ .....

31..................

Jan.

29

26

34

29

40

(a)

86

54 ' 51

47

60

47

(a)

45

104

81

76

364

304

(«)

196

89

209

161

101

«30

46

45

92

Mar.

98

194

99

(a)

135

191

223

140

150

199

(a)

98

124

100

67

52

62

«48

148

394

262

259

259

102

(a)

82

154

128

128

128

118

148

Apr.

(a)

9on

208

154

149

313

382

(a)

220

200

196

212

201

204

(a)

172

218

302

268

224

177

(«)

234

160

134

102

85

88

(a)

61

198

June.

19

18

(a)

23

20

17

23

43

52

(a)

30

23

17

17

17

27

(a)

17

19

17

14

14

(a)

19

16

19

14

19

26

21

July.

(a)

29

25

22

25

32

(a)

42

31

24

22

22

25

(a)

31

54

46

38

34

40

(«)

34

28

27

.. 80

55

36

(a)

31

28

38

Aug.

27

22

16

16

(a)

16

13

15

14

25

(a)

14

15

16

18

20

32

(a)

17

14

14

13

13

32

(a)

28

31

28

20

19

19

Sept.

15

(«)

15

15

15

16

19

14

(a)

15

15

15

15

14

14

(0U

15

15

13

19

19

(a)

17

17

]5

17

17

15

all

17

16

Oct.

17

17

14

14

17

17

(a)

14

35

18

17

17

19

a 13

25

23

25

19

19

19

a!7

17

17

23

25

19

17

(a)

19

19

23

19

Nov.

26

26

16

«16

16

18

16

40

32

37

a 35

33

26

22

22

19

22

a 30

37

50

50

50

46

43

a 337

632

353

282

225

168

91

Dec.

71

a 63

55

126

193

160

160

138

a 149

160

138

108

108

88

88

a 123

158

160

138

138

108

88

a 162

237

176

132

126

108

96

«97

98

127

a Sunday. 

NOTE. No record for February and May.

WEST BRANCH OP FISH CREEK AT McCONNELLSVILLE, NEW YORK.

This station is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 186. 

During the summer the flashboards are on the dam, and Francis's 

formula is used in computing the flow. At other times a discharge 

curve derived from Cornell experiments is used. Three water wheels 

are in use. Two are 54-inch wheels built by the Camden Water 

Wheel Works, and are usually run ten hours a day, at a nearly constant gate opening.

Current-meter measurements of the discharge of one of these wheels 

under light and heavy load gave the following results:

June 2, 1900, discharge, 43.2 second-feet. 

September 6, 1900, discharge, 51.8 second-feet.

Ten dams located on this stream furnish power to 17 mills.

Additional information in regard to this creek will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled 

"Methods employed in the gaging of New York streams during the 

year 1900."
228 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville,

New York, for 1898.

[Drainage area, 187 square miles.]

Day.

1........................

2

3.....-... .... ........

4... ................. ....

5 - - . -

6-... --------------

7. ---.---... . .......

8... -- -. . ....... .

9 .... ----------

10. ----------

11. .......................

12-... - .....-.. 

13..-- ..............

14. . . 

\&.... ....................

16... ....... ..............

17..-.. ..............

Sept.

100

90

96

47

47

Oct.

137

a 50

111

121

130

137

131

122

a 65

102

81

87

124

134

397

a360

562

Nov.

365

310

292

172

155

a!20

146

138

135

557

1,562

QQ7

a 700

734

434

514

365

Dec.

237

9A?i

217

a 195

182

182

196

182

199

180

a 140

199

186

212

162

157

147

Day.

18..- . - -...-

19. ............ ..........

20

21

22

23

24 . . .

25. .. .... ... . ....

26.. ....... .. --.

27-. - .. - 

28

29

30... ................

31.......................

Sept.

a50

98

81

57

55 '57

332

a360

197

231

181

181

147

l^t

Oct.

346

227

190

172

467

o700

750

624

434

1,097

871

686

0440

464

<*33

Nov.

365

365

o370

371

320

216

300

329

319

o255

299

251

112

384 vw*

Dec.

a 120

187

157

190

387

317

468

a 390

385

285

235

170

120

120

O1 f|

a Sunday.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville,

New York, for 1899.

Day.

1. ..............

2

3. ..............

5. .... ...

6-- -... -

7...... ..... .

8--.... ........

9.-.. ......... .

10.. 

11. ........ ......

12 .... . 

13. ........... ...

14.-..--..-.-

1 ^

16. ..............

17. ...... ........

Jan.

a!20

126

194

261

321

396

396

a 285

325

422

502

587

873

873

a 795

787

735

Feb.

228

183

183

172

a!20

212

156

156

147

136

117

a 80

99

132

CM.

131

148

Mar.

402

402

438

595

a 700

956

856

700

856

583

546

a 700

1,178

1,178

1,178

972

782

Apr.

586

a 520

601

601

601

591

689

1,557

a2,110

1,690

1,724

2,055

9 ilfl

2,920

3 fun

a2,410

1,720

May.

273

313

243

184

184

184

a 120

183

154

154

183

243

194

a 130

189

189

189

Day.

18........ .........

19.. . ..............

20..... ............

21---..---. -----

22

23

24

25

26. . - 

27. . 

28. . 

29. . 

30

31...- .. 

Jan.

615

615

530

495

o360

314

425

350

325

338

308

a225

278

278

Feb.

133

a 120

183

198

258

338

438

438

a360

403

403

206

Mar.

567

a 485

505

433

442

443

442

442

0360

552

599

599

599

599

648

Apr.

1,644

1,434

1,174

1,085

1,045

a 940

664

564

470

366

366

364

0220

I

ofm

May.

189

374

374

303

244

194

189

174

134

a50

700

455

483

239

a Sunday.
NEW YORK. 229

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnettsville,

New York, for 1900.

Day.

1. ......... ....... ........... .......

2. ..................................

3....... ...........................

4...................................

5...................................

6................................... 7_. .................................

8...................................

9...................................

10......................... ..........

11....................................

12...................................

13...................................

14...................................

15...................................

16......................... ..........

17. .................................

18. .................................

19...................................

20...................................

21 ..................................

22 ...................................

23...................................

24...................................

25...................................

26............................. .....

27 ........... ...... . ...........

28. .......... ........................

29...................................

30...................................

31...................................

May.

278

255

232

243

243

a 205

225

165

185

185

185

172

a 105

148

140

135

125

120

106

a 75

104

104

96

96

86

86

a38

82

71

52

88

143

June.

96

78

a28

70

58

70

70

88

90

a52

78

70

60

68

78

86

a52

73

58

78

70

68

a28

70

70

70

70

70

68

68

July.

78

78

52

52

96

80

a 52

78

78

78

70

70

60

a 10

60

60

70

60

60

60

a 10

60

50

64

60

76

26

a36

60

60

60

Aug.

60

60

60

58

a 10

50

50

50

50

58

50

a30

56

168

98

61

64

48

a 19

30

50

50

60

55

30

a 19

60

134

76

50

50

57

Sept.

48

a 10

20

50

50

60

60

28

a 10

50

50

60

60

60

58

a 10

60

60

55

55

196

239

a 128

87

87

66

66

66

50

a 58

65

Oct.

69

54

49

65

65

64

a34

39

39

59

55

54

64

a36

71

76

76

46

86

71

a 60

106

116

218

148

134

140

a 128

150

150

206

88

Nov.

157

144

133

93

132

104

143

217

180

163

110

107

107

132

112

101

86

78

144

207

224

239 2^6

231

196

330

355

223

187

179

168

Dec.

160

nr

144

122

257

201

169

150

117

118

133

127

127

137

97

82

121

112

95

58

50

28

31

31

31

31

51

51

31

31

58

99

a Sunday. 

OSWEGO RIVER ABOVE MINETTO, NEW YORK.

Oswego River is formed by the junction of Oneida and Seneca rivers at Three River Point. It has extensive natural storage in Oneida 

Lake, which covers an area of 80 square miles, and in the Finger 

Lakes of central New York, which it drains. Certain tributary lakes 

serve also as reservoirs for the water supply of the middle division of 

Erie Canal, and a portion of the flow is diverted for this purpose.

Oswego River has been canalized by the construction of dams, 

affording slack-water navigation on a part of the stream. In all 

there are 7 danis on the river. Surplus water at the State danis supplies power to numerous mills situated on the adjacent banks. Lateral canals and locks carry boats around the dams and connect with 

backwater from the next succeeding dam in each instance.

In establishing a gaging station it was impossible to measure the 

entire stream in a single channel, since, in order to avoid slack water 

from dams, it was necessary to select a site where the river is paralleled by the canal. A cable station was established September 14, 

1900, 3 miles above Minetto, and below the State dam at Battle Island. 

A gage board was placed one-fourth mile upstream from the cable. A

IRR 49 01 3
230 OPEEATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49.

weight gage is used, being suspended from a framework projecting 

over the water beyond the low-water margin. The position of the 

weight when the gage reads zero has been determined with reference 

to a fixed bench mark. The gage is so arranged that the readings 

are reversed, thus, 8.00 would be extreme low water, and when the 

water rises the readings are less. Morning and evening readings are 

taken, usually twelve hours apart, and the average of the two readings is given in the table.

A current-meter measurement was made at the cable station on 

September 15. The mean gage height during the measurement was 

5.4 feet, and the discharge 1,677 second-feet. This does'not include 

the diversion through Oswego Canal. The lowest water on this stream, 

usually occurs Sundays, due to the stopping of water wheels and the 

consequent refilling of ponds.

In this connection reference may be made to the gaging record 

which was maintained by the United States Board of Engineers on 

Deep Waterways on Oswego River at the Oswego Falls dam from 

November, 1898, to May, 1899, inclusive. A description of this station will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 188.

The drainage areas tributary to Oswego River at the different gaging stations are as follows:

Drainage areas of Oswego River.

Square miles. 

Atmouth............. .. ...........................I........ 5,002

At high dam near Oswego .....-.......---.----..-...-.-....-. 5,000

At cable station ................................_ .-....-...-. 4,990

At Fulton... ................................................ 4,916

Additional information in regard to this river will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled "Methods employed in the gaging of New York streams during the year

1900."

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oswego River above Minetto, New York, for 1900.

Day.

1.. ................ .....

2 3"- -I" L " ~ 

4....................... 

5. ......................

6 ...... . 

8~ ""- I -.-"- 

9....... ...............

10............ . ....... ... 

11............ ........... 

12..................... .

13.......................

14.......................

15.......................

16.......................

Sept.

......

_.-...

......

5.72

5.70

6.50

Oct.

5.65

5.65 

5.58 

5.55 

5.55

5.55 

6.15 

5.05 

5.30

5.55 

5.35 

5.20

5.15

5.60

5.52

5.30

Nov.

4.90

4.90 

5.75 

5.75 

5.00

4.75 

4.66 

4.70 

4.80

4.90 

5.50 

4.50

4.60

4.55

4.55

4.60

Dec.

0.70

.85 

.50 

.50 

c .65

cl.50 

el. 50 

cl.50 

cl.35

el. 15 

el. 05 

c .85

c .85

c .50

c .30

c .30

Day.

18 . .. 

19...... ... ......... .... 

20 . 

21 .. .

22 . . 

23.. ........... .... . 

Z^.. ....................

25

26.. ....... .... ...... 

ZI. .....................

28

29 . .. ... 

30. 

31...... ......... .......

Sept.

6.20

5.65 

5.82 

5.60 

5.52

5.55 

5.28 

5.60 

6.10

5.80 

5.65 

5.72

5.70

5.75

Oct.

5.08

5.15 

5.18 

4.70 

6.15

5.40 4.a5

5.55 

5.55

5.50 

5.50 

6.45

5.05

4.95

4.80

Nov.

4.55

5.70 

4.75 

4.25 

4.25

(«) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a).

63.05 

2.25 

1.60

1.15

.60

Dec.

cO.35

c .70 

c .50 

c .45 

c .40

c .45 

c .35 

c .40 

c .15

c .25 

.10 

.40

.55

.65

.80

a No record. b New weight gage. c Used board gage.
NEW YOEK. 231 

OSWEGO RIVER AT HIGH DAM NEAR OSWEGO, NEW YORK.

A description of this station, with tables of daily gage heights, will 

be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 189. The dam is of 

masonry, with a crest 365.5 feet long. Flashboards are maintained 

on the dam during the greater part of the year. When flashboards 

are on, the flow over the dam has been computed by means of Francis's 

formula, with a constant coefficient of 3.33. In estimating the flow 

over the dam when flashboards are removed a discharge curve has 

been prepared, using coefficients in the weir formula derived from 

Cornell University experiment No. 3, 1 and taking into consideration 

irregularities in the profile of the crest.

A headrace at the left end of the dam diverts water to supply 

power to an electric-light plant and to the waterworks pumping station. 

There are 8 water wheels in use. A regular record of the run of the 

water wheels has not been kept, and the diversion for this purpose 

has been estimated from current-meter measurements in the headrace.

Power diversions at high dam near Osivego.

Date.

1900.

Working 

head on 

wheels.

 

Feet. 

13

14

Measured discharge.

Sec.-feet*

ooq

353

Three pairs of water wheels, which were in operation when the foregoing measurements were made, are run twenty-four hours a day. 

Taking the average of the foregoing measurements and adding 105 

second-feet for the additional pair of wheels, the diversion for water 

power has been estimated at 450 second-feet, as a round figure.

The flow from an auxiliary spillway in the end of the headrace has 

been calculated from the weir formula, using coefficients derived by 

Bazin for a dam having a similar crest section.

Some uncertainty attaches to the record at this station during the 

spring months, owing to the carrying away of the flashboards by high 

water at dates not definitely ascertained.

In the accompanying tables of monthly and daily mean flow no 

allowance has been made for diversion to Oswego Canal.

Additional information will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 

47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled "Methods employed in the 

gaging of New York streams during the year 1900."

1 See Proc. Am. Soc. C. E., March, 1900, p. 274.
232 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswego River at high dam near Osivego, New

York, for 1897.

Day.

1 . ..... .. - 

2....... ................ ....

3...... ...... ........... ....

^...... ................. ....

5 ... . - .- .

6.... .................. .....

7...........................

8 . .. ...-

9. ...................... ....

10.... ..................... ..

11 - . - 

12... ....... ...... ... .

13...... .................

14........ ...... ....... ...

15.......... .................

16.............. .......... ir... .-... .- . . 

18 .- -- - . 

19...... ............. ........

30 ..- _. . .

21.. -.-... . . 

22

23 ......... ..... .... 

24.......... ....... ..........

25

26-...-.. ........... ......

ST...- .. ._... ........

38. ...... ... .. ... ...

29... ....... ...... .. 

30.... ....... ...... ...... 

31-.-.-...... .... .........

Apr.

12,150

11,550

10,950

(a)

10,950

10,950

10,950

10,750

11,650

all,550

11,550

11,550

10,950

10,950

10,750

alO,300

9,800

9,550

9,350

9,350

9,100

8,900

a 8, 100

8,100

8,100

8,100

8,060

7,500'

10,048

May.

a 7, 750

7,550

7,250

7,220

6,900

6,800

a6,600

6,400

6,400

6,275

6,150

a 6, 275

6,275

6,275

5,900

5,650

5,650

a5,520

5,350

5,520

5,250

5,150

5,150

a5,500

5,500

6,166

June.

4,500

4,620

4 620

4 ' 620

a4,520

4 520

4,400

4,400

4,400

4,400

a 4, 400

4,170

4,170

4,150

3,900

3,770

a 3, 610

3,070

3,070

2,870

2,870

2,670

a 2, 870

2,550

3,970

2,720

3,801

July.

1,470

2,650

2,480

(a)

2,480

2,400

2,150

1,750

1,820

1,750

(a)

2,300

1,670

1.480

1,670

1,830

1,830

(a)

1,980

1,900

1,980

1,830

1,900

1,070

(a)

2,480

2,660

2,660

3,500

3,170

3,240

2,174

Aug.

a3,300

3,300

3,300

3,050

2,870

(a)

2,150

2,330

2,330

2,500

2,330

2,450

(a)

2,150

2,500

2,500

2,330

2,330

2,250

(a)

2,000

1,900

1,900

1,850

1,850

1,850

(a)

1,760

2,160

2,370

Sept.

1,760

1,760

1,670

(a)

1,550

1,760

1,670

1,840

1,670

720

(«>

1,100

1,270

1,150

1,200

1,020

970

(ai

850

880

920

920

920

1,100

(a)

1,020 i.aw

970

1,050

1,244

Oct.

1,200

1,150

(a)

850

1,050

1,100

1,100

970

920

(a)

1,050

1,050

960

1,220

1,100

1,150

(a)

750

1,100

1,300

1,220

1,220

(a)

1,150

1,100

1,050

1,100

1,020

1,020

(a)

1.076

Nov.

1,020

1,260

1,430

1,430

1,320

1,430

(a)

1,370

1,430

1,570

1,430

1,430

1,320

al,320

1,630

1,750

1,850

2,020

2,020

(a)

2,120

1,850

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,870

(a)

3,650

3,650

1,821

Dec.

3,000

3,000

3,220

2,950

a 3, 850

3,620

3,620

4,400

4,550

4,800

(a)

4,650

4,550

5,500

5,400

5,500

' 5,500

(a)

5,500

5,100

4,780

4,780

3,630

3,200

(a)

3,850

3,420

2,900

3,630

3,430

4,168

a Sunday.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswego River at high dam near Oswego, Neiv

York, for 1898.

Day.

1 .......

2

3. -.. .

4.... ........

5... ......

6... ... ...

1 ............

8.. .......

9-... ........

10- 

U. ...........

13. 

13. 

14. ......

15..... .......

16_..... ......

17 ...... ......

18............

19.. ... 

20. ...... ....

21- .

22

23

24.. .. 

25. .......

26. 

27. .......

28.... ........

29. ........

30. .......

31. ........

Mean ......

Jan.

3,600

(a)

3,000

2,600

3,320

3,900

3,430

3,220

(a)

2 820

2,820

3 230

4,770

5,100

5,500

(a)

8,380

5,400

5,400

5,400

6,150

6,400

(a)

7,880

7,880

5,950

7,600

6,550

6,550

(a)

4,550

4,896

Feb.

5,520

5,530

5,520

5,000

5,000

(a)

5,520

5,000

5,100

5,100

5,100

6,550

(a)

5,400

5,100

4,600

6,750

7,080

7,080

(a)

7,350

7,3t>0

7,750

8.150

8,150

8,150

(a)

7,880

6,338

Mar.

10,350

10,200

9,900

9,600

9,250

(a)

8,820

8,960

8,960

8,960

9,100

9,400

10,200

10,350

10,350

10,5oO

10,350

10,350

(al

10,350

10,550

10,550

10,350

10,350

10,200

(a)

9,880

9,880

9,750

9,750

9,898

Apr.

9,400

9,250

(a)

8,750

8,620

8,300

8,080

7,800

7,500

(a)

7,370

6,950

6,650

6.650

6,420

6,420

(a)

6,080

5,900

6,700

6,000

5,900

5,900

(a)

8*500

8,960

9,100

8,900

8,850

7,578

May.

(a)

8,250

8,080

8,850

8,900

8,960

9,120

(a)

9,120

8,960

8,670

8,370

8,370

08, 380

7,370

7,370

(a)

6,850

6,670"

(a)

6,550

8,161

June.

6,430

6,540

5,630

c*5,630

5,630

5,630

4,880

4,880

4,650

4,650

a4,650

4,400

4,170

4,100

3,770

3,770

a3,500

3,500

3,500

3,300

3,300

3,170

(a)

2,970

2,850

2,780

8,331

July.

2,780

2,780

(a)

1,480

al,300

1,200 i.aso

1,950

1,950

(a)

(a)

(a)

1,834

Aug.

780

780

780

1,200

950

850

a850

1,070

850

850

770

680

630

a900

680

850

850

850

850

850

a760

900

850

760

830

1,480

1,320

al,320

1,320

1,130

1,130

925

Sept.

1,480

1,480

1,400

a950

1,330

1 260

1,260

1,770

1,700

1,770

n~\ dSf\

1,630

1,770

1,480

1,330

1,330

1,760

al,200

1 200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,330

al,400

930

1,330

1 200

1^330

1,400

1,377

Oct.

al,470

1,470

1,400

i,330

al 400

] 260

1,200

1,200

860

«1 770

1,630

1,770

1,770

1,950

1,950

a2,460

2,850

2,850

2,920

3,050

3,360

3,250

(a)

3,350

2,018

Nov.

3,250

3,250

3,250

3,250

03,050

3,220

3,050

3,250

4,800

4,900

«5,800

5,800

5,530

5,300

5,200

5,050

05,050

5,050

5,300

4,900

4,770

4,770

a4,580

4,580

4 350

4,350

4,452

Dec.

3,900

3,900

a 4, 700

3,900

3,450

3,900

3,350

3,150

a 3, 260

3,260

3,300

2,100

2,470

2,650

a2,850

2,650

2,850

3,900

4,580

5,650

a5,800

5,800

5,650

4,770

5

onn

5,300

3,899

a Sunday.
NEW YOEK. 233

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswego River at high dam near Oswego, New

York, for 1899.

Day

I.......

Z. ......

3.......

4. ......

5.......

........

7

8......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17

18......

19.......

20.......

21

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27. ......

28

39.......

30

31....... .....

Jan.

«4,450

4,020

4,450

5,170

5,580

4,700

o4,100

3,250

3,050

3,250

3,250

3,900

a5,530

5,650

5,650

5,280

5,170

5,280

04,780

4,780

4,580

5,OoO

5,180

2,300

3,050

a2,300

9 K.VI

2.650

4 252

Feb.

2,750

2,570

2,750

a2,370

2,370

2,300

1,070

530

630

a630

1,630

1,950

2,370 9 fifin

2,470

a2,470

3,750

2,850

3,260

3,260

3,260

o3,910

3,800

3,800

2,475

Mar.

3,670

3,900

4,120

4,120

o5,050

850

5,300

4,800

4,580

4,580

o5,05C

5,050

4,800

4,900

5,050

4,900

04,580

4,580

4,700

5,050

4,900

o5,650

5,650

5,550

6,550

6,830

6,830

4,874

Apr.

6,300

(a)

6,550

6,550

6,550

6,550

6,300

08, 530

8,250

8.-530

8,800

8,800

8,550

o8,530

8,530

8,530

8,250

8,530

7,670

o~,550

7,200

6,820

6,820

6,680

0,820

09,900

7,684

May.

9,600

9,600

9,600

8,650

8,080

7,520

6,960

6,960

06, 150

6,150

6,420

6,420

6,420

6,150

06, 150

6,150

6,150

6,150

5,630

5,400

o5,400

5,400 t\ iftft

5,400

6,754

June.

5,370

5,370

o4,400

4,400

3,950

1,230

1,000

780

0900

900

720

1,800

1,800

1,800

«1,800

1,650

1,650

1,500

1,500

1,230

ol,500

1,800

1,500

780

720

2,003

July.

oI.OOO

1,000

1,000

780

650

ai,bob

900

1 000

780

780

650

o900

720

650

650

650

580

0650

650

580

650

580

0580

580

748

Aug.

580

650

fiSO

650

o650

650

545

650

580

650

a580

540

580

650

650

450

a450

540

650

580

540

580

580

0540

540

990

800

650

613

Sept.

670

580

540

510

650

540

o2,670

510

450

520

650

480

450

(ol

480

540

450

480

0450

540

540

540

540

540

615

Oct.

o540

650

650

580

580

<Vlf>

(0)

540

540

540

540

480

510

(«)

510

480

580

460

540

o650

650

650

580

540

650

a900

650

650

585

Nov.

1,100

1,100

1,W)

al,350

1,500

1,350

9SO

1,350

980

al,350

980

1,100

980

980

980

ol.lOO

980

1,100

980

980

(a)

980

980

980

780

1,095

Dec.

650

o980

980

780

980

900

980

ol,360

1,100

1,980

1,100

1,500

1,500

o2,500

2,500

2,700

2,500 2,700

2,500

02,566

2,500

1,500

1,500

1,120

780

1,820

(a)

1,612

a Sunday.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Osivego River at high dam near Oswego, New

York, for 1900.

Day.

1........

2....... H

........j

.........

r. .......

8........

q

10........

11 ....... .

12........

13........

14........

15........

16 ........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21 ........

23........

23........

24... ....

25........

26........

27........

28.......

29........

30........

31........

Mean . .

...

...

Jan.

1 820

1,360 

1,360 

1 820

1,500

ol,820

1,820

2,150

1 820

1,820

ffll,970

1,970

1,650

2,720

3,250

a6,320

6,600

6,320

5,800

5,550

2,880

04,140

3,700

3,700

3,077

Feb.

3,880

2,880 

04^600

3,700 

3,250

3,700

5,050

5,300

o5,550

7,960

6,320

7,130

6,320

6,850

6,050

06, 050

5,050

5,050

5,350

4,600

ffll,970

1,360

2,880

1,820

4,653

Mar.

4 lift

1,970 

3,930 

o3,930

4,600 

4,600

4,800

4,600

4 ' 600

o4,140

4,a50

4,140

4,350

4,350

4 ' 140

o3,930

4,140

4,140

4,600

5,300

5,550

6,600

06,320

6,600

6,8oO

7,670

8,820

4,991

Apr.

all, 600

12,250 

12,250

12,250

12,600 

12,600

a!7,550

16,800

16,450

16,040

16,040

16,040

015.330

14,940

14,940

14,600

14,250

14,600

014,250

13,850

13,850

12, 780

12,450

12,450

a"l2, i.00

11,780

14,025

May.

U iSO

11,150 

10,550 

9,900

9,600 

08, 980

S,980

9,900

8,980

8,670

8,670

8,080

(a)

8,080

7,800

7,250

7 250

6,950

06,420

6,420

5,900

6,420

5,900

5,530

5,150

a5,150

5, 150

4,880

4,880

7,645

June.

4.880

4,880 

a4,650 

4,180

3,980 

3,980

3,980

4,180

3,500

o3.300

3,300

3,080

3,080

3,060

2,880

a3,500

O QQO

2,700

2,700

2,500

2 ' 320

a2 320

1,840

2,000

2,000

2,000

3 000

2,' 000

3,133

July.

a2,000

1,840 

1,060 

1,410

2,150 

3,500

«650

580

460

580

550

510

a78b 7°n

780

780

780

780

o780

720

720

900

780

720

720

a580

580

650

966

Aug.

650

720 

980

0780 

650

650

720

650

650

650

a650

650

980

580

650

a650

720

650

650

580

580

o720

580

580

550

550

650

669

Sept.

a650 

650 

650

650 

720

720

aim

650

650

580

580

5SO

580

580

580

rso

780

o780

550

720

780

780

o720

670

Oct.

720

780 

780

rso

780

a900

900

900

900

900

980

a720

720

780

780

980

rso

aT80

780

980

900

780

900

a900

980

980

980

853

Nov.

1 220

1,220 

980 

(o)

1,220 

1,220

1,220

1,500

1 220

1^650

(a)

ol,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

al,500

1,500

1,650

1,820

1,650

1,650

a2,880

5,050

5,800

5,800

6,850

6,850

2,418

Dec.

a7,450 

6.950 

8,530

8,530 

8,800

9,130

9,130

nK 9W1

8,530

7,700

7,700

7,2CO

6,400

a5,880

4,850

6,120

5,880

5,880

5,880

06,660

6,120

6,400

6,400

6,400

6,120

05,880

5,8»0

6,990

a Sunday.
234 OPEEATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET in. [NO. 49.

SALMON RIVER ABOVE PULASKI, NEW YORK.

A current-meter station was established on this stream September 5, 

1900. It is located at a highway bridge 2 miles from the village 

of Pulaski. The stream bed is of gravel, the banks are bold, and the 

channel bottom is nearly flat. The gage board is attached to the center pier of the bridge, and readings are taken twice daily, at 6 a. m. 

and at 7 p. m. The mean of the two observations for each day is 

given in the table. A current-meter measurement made on September 4 showed a discharge of 103 second-feet. The mean gage reading 

during the measurement was 1.03 feet. There are 3 dams at Pulaski, 

furnishing power to 14 establishments. The total effective head 

obtained varies, with the stage of the stream, from 24 feet to 36 feet.

There is an undeveloped power, with a precipitous fall of 110 feet, 

at Salmon Falls. In November, 1898, a gaging station was established by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways 

1 mile above these falls, but it was abandoned in June, 1899. A 

description of the station will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 

36, page 190. The drainage above the abandoned gaging station is 

191 square miles, while that above the bridge station near Pulaski is 

264 square miles.

Additional information regarding this river will be found in WaterSupply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled "Methods 

employed in the gaging of New York streams during the year 1900. ; '

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon River above Pulaski, New York, for 1900.

Day.

1....-.. ...... .......

2

3.......... .............. 

4.... ............... .....

5. .................... 

6.... .............. ...... 

T. .......................

8...... . .............. 

9........................

10........................ 

11. ................... ....

12.... ................ .... 

13. .................... ...

14.... ................ ....

15. .......................

16........................

Sept.

......

......

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

.90

.90 

.90

.90

.95

1.00

Oct.

1.60 

1.50

1.35 

1 35

1.30 

1.05 

1 10

1.35 

1.85

1.80 

1 60

1.50 

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.40

Nov.

1.30 

1.30

1.85 

1.80

1.75 

1.90 

1.90

3.75 

3.55

3.25 

1.90

1.90 

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.50

Dec.

3.50 

2.30

3.30 

3.50

3.75 

3.45 

3.30

3.15 

1.65

1.50 

1.50

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1 35

1.30

Day.

17.. ................... .. 

18.... .............. .....

19....................... 

30....... ................

21. .......... ............ 

22....... ................

23

34. ......................

25

36....................... 

37.......................

28..... ............. ..... 

29.......................

30.......................

31. ...................

Sept.

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00

3.15 

3.25 

1.75

1.65

1.55

1.35 

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.45

Oct.

1.40 

1.40

1.35 

1.35

1.30 

1.35 

1.35

1.45 

3.00

1.95

1.85

1.85 

1.70

1.75

1.75

Nov.

1.50 

1.70

3.55

4.30

4.30 

3.65 

3.10

3.45

3.50

3.50 

4.70

3.75 

3.35

3.55

Dec.

1.30 

1.30

1.60 

1.95

1.40 

1.45 

1.60

3.25 

3.50

3.40 

3.30

3.30 

3.10

3.30

3.30

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, NEW YORK.

On June 5, 1900, a gaging station was established on this stream at 

Moose River, 4 miles below the McKeever railroad station. The section of the channel chosen to be spanned by a cable way has a width 

of 225 feet, with a nearly flat gravel bottom. A vertical gage board 

was attached to a pile driven out in the stream beyond the low-water 

margin and protected from ice and logs by a floating boom anchored 

upstream.

Moose River is characterized throughout its entire course by rifts
NEW YORK. 235

and rapids. Topographically the watershed is rocky, precipitous, 

and mostly timbered. The drainage area above the gaging station is 

346 square miles. An area of 41 square miles in the headwaters is 

subject to regulation by storage, controlled by a State dam at Old 

Forge, at the foot of the Fulton Lakes. There are numerous undeveloped water powers on the stream, including two falls near Lyonsdale, where a head of 30 or more feet might be obtained, and another 

(Millers Falls) of nearly equal height below the town of Moose River. 

Water power is developed at 8 dams, a total fall of 225 feet being 

utilized, the aggregate capacity of the turbines installed being more 

than 7,000 horsepower.

No current-meter measurements have thus far been made. Gage 

readings are taken twice daily, morning and evening, and the mean 

of the two readings for each day is given in the accompanying table.

Additional information in regard to this river will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled'' Methods 

employed in the gaging of New York streams during the year 1900."

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moose River at Moose River, New York, for 1900.

Day.

1 ........

2

3. ...... .... 

4. ...... ....

5. ..........

6...........

7...........

8.. ......... 

9...........

10........... 

11-. ......... 

12

13...........

14. ......... .

15........... 

16...... ....

June.

......

......

2.66

1.55 

1.25

1.20 

1.95

1.55 

1.40 

1.20

1.08

July.

0.50 

.60

.25 

.35

.30

.35

.70

.85 

.75

.70 

.65 

.90

.90

1.05 .80

.82 .75 

1.05 .70

Aug.

0.85 

.70

.70 

.60

.50

.55

.60

.55 

.55

.60 

.70 

.65

.80

1.80

1.75 

1.25

Sept. Oct.

0. 90 0. 70 

. 80 - 7S

.65 

.55

.60

.55 

.55

.60 

.65

.70 

.55 

.55

.55

.50

.40 

.70

.80 

.70

.60

.60 

.60

.65 

.60

.60 

.65 

.55

.45

.45

.70 

.85

Nov.

1.15 

1.20

1.05 

.95

.85

1.10 

1 10

2.25 

3.10

2.50 

1.75 

1.15

.95

.90

1.25 

1.75

Day.

17..........

18.. ...... -

19. ...... ... 

20... .......

21..........

22.......... 

23..........

24.......... 

25... .......

26..........

27..........

28

29..........

30..........

31..........

June.

0.92 

.65 

.60 

.80 

.95 

.90 

.80 

.70 

.80 

.60 

.40 

.30 

.50 

.55

July.

0.80 

.75 

.85 

.90 

.80 

.65 

.55 

.60 

.85 

3.05 

1.85 

1.20 

.90 

.75 

.70

Aug.

1.20 

1.00 

.85 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.50 

.45 

.55 

.65 

1.75 

2.00 

1.35 

1.40 

.95

Sept.

0.70 

.65 

.60 

.55 

.80 

1.20 

1.55 

1.30 

1.05 

.90 

.90 

.85 

.70 

.80

Oct.

0.75 

.60 

.65 

.75 

.75 

.70 

.70 

1.30 

2.00 

1.65 

1.30 

1.30 

1.25 

1.25 

1.30

Nov.

2.05 

2.30 

1.70 

3 95 

4.45 

4.10 

8.70 

3.35 

3.20 

3.05 

3.65 

3.75 

3.55 

3.20

BEAVER RIVER, NEW YORK.

Beaver River rises in the western part of Hamilton County, crosses 

Herkimer County, and emerges from the Adirondacks at the town of 

Number Four, on the Lewis County line. The flow from the tributary watershed above Beaver, comprising an area of 153 square miles, 

or 47.5 per cent of the entire drainage area, is regulated by storage 

in the Beaver Flow or Stillwater, an artificial lake formed by a timber 

dam 16 feet high. In addition to the reservoir formed by the State 

dam at Beaver, there are within this region more than 50 natural 

lakes, including Red Horse Chain, so that a comparatively uniform 

flow is maintained throughout the summer season.

An examination of Beaver River with reference to facilities for gaging was made early in July, 1900. The almost continuous rapids in 

the upper reaches of the stream limit the desirable sites for gaging 

stations to the stream channel below Beaver Falls, 4 miles from its 

confluence with Black River at Castorland. Arrangements were
236 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO 49.

made for the establishment of a cable station, but owing to the presence of log rafts in the stream during the greater portion of the 

summer the record has not yet been started.

From the State dam at Beaver to the town of Number Four, a distance of 10 miles, the stream consists of numerous bowlder rapids, 

alternating with short stretches of smooth water. Above Beaver 

Lake there is a high fall, forming a descent of 60 feet within a distance of 400 or 500 feet. From the foot of Beaver Lake to Belfort, a 

distance of 12 miles, the stream channel continues rocky and precipitous, although the adjacent watershed is sandy and for the most 

part covered with timber. Eagle Falls, 2 miles below Beaver Lake, 

consists of a series of cascades, aggregating a descent of 75 feet. 

There are a number of other undeveloped water powers in this 

vicinity.

Water power is developed at Beaver Falls, at Croghan, and at 

Belfort, aggregating 4,400 horsepower, at five dams, and utilizing a 

fall of 133 feet. There is also an abandoned power at Tisses Falls, 

below Belfort, where a total head of 60 feet could be obtained. Power 

is developed at Belfort, under a head of 50 feet, for the generation of 

electricity which is transmitted to adjacent towns, a distance of 16 

miles.

Rainfall and other meteorological records have been kept since 

January, 1889, at Number Four, in the heart of the timber-covered 

portion of the watershed.

Additional information regarding this river will be found in WaterSupply Paper No. 47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled "Methods 

employed in the gaging of New York streams during the year 1900."

BLACK KIVEK AT HTJNTINGTONVILLE DAM, NEAR WATERTOWN, NEW

YORK.

A description of this station, including tables of daily gage heights^ 

will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 191. The entire 

flow of Black River at this point, aside from leakage and a slight 

diversion for the municipal water supply of Watertown, passes over 

the Huntingtonville dam. Two or more readings of the crest gage 

are taken daily, and the mean of the readings from midnight to midnight has been used in estimating the mean daily flow. In computing 

the flow over the dam, an allowance of 200 second-feet has been made 

for leakage through seams and crevices in the limestone rock underlying the dam. This amount has been arrived at from an estimate of 

the size of the orifices and the head on the same, when the water was 

drawn down in the summer of 1897.

There is no way to check direct the flow during high water immediately below the dam, but a current-meter measurement was made 

at Glenpark Bridge on June 6, 1900, which gave a total flow of 2,175 

second-feet.

The mean daily flow for the years 1897, 1898,1899, and 1900 is given
NEW YOEK. 237

in the accompanying tables. It does not represent the total wateryielding capacity of the tributary drainage area, inasmuch as a portion 

of the flow from the headwaters is diverted to the Forestport feeder to 

supply Black River Canal. Storage reservoirs, to compensate waterpower users, are maintained by the State of New York on Beaver and 

Moose rivers, the principal tributaries of Black River. Owing to floodwater storage, diversion, and the effect of mills starting and stopping 

irregularly, the regimen of this stream is far from natural'. Measurements of the amount of diversion of Black River below Forestport 

reservoir have been made by Mr. E. C. Murphy, for the New York 

State canal survey.

The highest water observed while the record has been kept was 011 

the morning of April 21, 1900, the reading of the crest gage being 

108.41 feet, and the corresponding flow 30,150 second-feet, equivalent 

to a fl'ow of 16 second-feet per square mile of tributary drainage.

This stream is of great importance as a source of water power, having 22 dams in its lower stretch of 18 miles, furnishing, in round 

numbers, 60,000 horsepower to 80 mills along its banks, which employ 

an aggregate of 3,900 persons.

Additional information will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 

47, pages 37 to 41, in a paper entitled "Methods employed in the 

gaging of New York streams during the year 1900."

Daily discharge,in second-feet, of Black River at Huntingtonville dam, New York,

for 1897.

Day.

1.. ................

2

3...... ............

4. . ................

5......... ........

6..................

7 ..................

8 .... ....

9. ................ .

10 . . 

11 . .. ia...... ............

13. ............. ....

14. . ............ ....

15 

16... ...... . 

17 

18. ........ ...... 

19 

ao... ... ............

2J

22 ..-. 

23

24... ...............

25

26

27

28

29... ...... ......

30.. .............

SI....... ...........

Feb.

1,460

1,460

2,610

1,850

3,420

2,160

Mar.

1,220

2,060

2,865

o3,230

3,396

3,600

4,330

5,650

5,970

6,602

a8,260

5,650

5,130

4,300

3,950

3, 880

2,240

a8,600

8,550

10,916

16,500

4,250

12,080

10,760

a7,934

(i, 176

5,450

5,450

6,317

Apr.

5,050

5,170

5,850

a6, 176

8,030

8,650

9,590

10, 916

11,540

11,540

«10,500

8,750

7,340

6,856

7,130

7,934

8,850

a9,240

9,690

9,390

9,690

9,290

8,260

7,648

a9,144

11, 176

12,640

14, 142

13,806

10,552

9,484

May.

8,550

a7, 692

6,514

5,890

6,602

6,218

5,970

4,739

a.3,705

2,900

2,900

2,455

2,515

3,039

4 592

aft. 170

4,665

4 125

3,328

3,063

2,485

2,643

a3,095

2,424

2,515

3,950

4,374

4,030

a3, 775

3,600

4,267

June.

3,362

2,865

2,300

2,835

3,328

a3,096

2,579

2,300

2,000

4,484

6.438

4,411

3,362

2,770

2,424

3,030

1,658

al,460

3,090

2,706

2,270

1,804

1,388

1,198

a978

1,198

978

934

2,713

July.

978

956

1,066

a890

783

646

1,066

710

678

746

o536

582

836

614

1,110

1,198

1,110

al.OOO

934

1,000

890

728

630

a480

1,000

934

890

1,220

1,940

2,000

879

Aug.

al, 710

1,606

1,580

1.292

990

783

630

a362

536

630

2,930

6,812

7,253

5, 850

a3,420

2 362

1^710

2,000

2,434

1.804

i;293

ol,032

978

694

523

566

582

322

al,354

3,280

Oct.

1,044

1 220

2 455

a854

1,176

1,110

956

854

800

782

a480

956

746

782

854

710

710

a678

954

Nov.

598

872

1,738

2,610

2,362

1,850

al,850

2 120

2,150

2 800

4,374

4,411

4,850

04,020

3,670

3,029

4,125

5,170

5,210

3,950

a2,930

3,362

2 835

2,150

1,850

3,396

6,218

a9, 144

9,890

8,116

4,155

Dec.

6,812

5,850

2 835

2,455

o3,420

4,665

5,390

5,490

5,770

5,850

7,438

a7,693

7,130

6,680

7,253

8,C68

8,500

8,308

06, 092

3,420

3,195

3,195

3,130

2,770

2,393

a2,515

2 270

2,180

2,060

2,000

1,804

4,725

a Sunday. 

NOTE. No record from. September 1 to October 13, inclusive.
238 OPEEATIONS AT EIVER STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Huntingtonville dam, New York,

for 1898.

Day.

1. ........ ...

2. ...........

3............

4. ...... .....

6. ....... .... 7 .......... ..

8. .......... .

9. .......... .

10. ........ ... 11. ....... ....

12 ............

13............

14. .......... .

15 ............

16............ 17.. ..........

18 ............

19. ....... ....

20............

22. ...........

23

34. ........ ...

25 ............

26. ...........

27

38. ...........

29

30. ...........

31. ...........

Jan.

1,738

a2,270

1,940

2,000

2,120

3,000

1,850

1,580

ol,850

1,804

1,804

1,766

3,029

4,300

4,665

a4,448

4,265

3,880

3,530

3,420

4,300

5,650

a5,650

6,176

5,970

5,530

4,739

3,950

3,396

03,900

2,930

3,402

Feb.

2,770

2,930

2,835

2,610

2,770

o2,455

2,610

2,610

2,455

9 300

3' 195

3,900

08, 164

7,340

6,470

5,450

4,484

3,950

3,600

a3,362

3,775

3,985

3,915

3,600

3,230

2,930

a2, 770

3,095

3,806

Mar.

2,300

3,610

2,300

2,300

2,150

o2,150

2,150

2 210

2,674

3,420

6,386

12,360

23,300

27,900

23,700

17,950

14,800

13,750

012,304

12,804

13,582

13, 032

11,280

9,390

8,260

06,900

6,176

6,302

7,340

7,934

9,609

Apr.

7,340

6,646

a5,050

3,950

3,600

3,600

3,420

3,362

3,095

o3,029

3,029

2,800

2,642

2,706

2,930

2,900

o2,548

2,240

2,548

2,865

3, 775

4,265

5,250

06, 386

7,252

8,950

10,140

9,690

7,780

5,850

4 ' 654

May.

o4,411

3,362

3,530

3,705

3,915

4,776

4,411

o3,420

2,770

2,930

2,455

1,940

3,600

3,800

o3,328

9 f.Af>

2,610

2,362

2 150

2', 548

2,865

a2,706

2 424

2,548

2,770

2,865

3,775

4,055

a3,362

3,230

3,130

3,174

June.

2,770

2 362

2,030

1,804

ol,738

1,556

1,532

1 340

1,176

1 '11

1*484

al.292

1,340

1,804

2,150

2 030

1*804

1,532

ol, 154

1,850

2,150

2,000

1,804

1,658

1,340

al,220

1,066

1,340

1,316

1,292

1,639

July.

1 436

1,316

a872

BOO

1,110.

1 088

l!l76

1,022

956

a728

836

1,000

1,000

978

1,000

1,000

a956

1,000

1,436

1,154

1,220

1,220

1,220

o934

1,392

2,000

1,710

1,340

1,364

1,292

al,508

1 128

Aug.

1,110

1,580

1,132

1 292

1 460

1*880

al,710

1,580

1,244

1,110

1,110

1,176

1,340

al,268

630

1,244

1,000

890

956

934

a956

818

1,110

2,150

2,610

3,095

3,130

o2,706

2,000

1,460

1,658

1,495

Sept.

1 °11

1*220

1,110

«330

1 340

l|766

1,684

2,060

1,940

1 804

al|460

1,484

1,292

956

1,000

890

872

0508

800

818

1,132

1,044

890

1,460

a2,738

2,865

2, 770

2,393

2,770

1,850

1,483

Oct.

1,556

01,022

1,088

1,110

1 412

2,770

3,420

2,865

ol,910

1,940

1,684

1,364

1,292

1,606

2,706

a3,500

4,411

3, 775

2,996

2,706

2,674

2.963

04,374

5,480

4,592

4,055

5,570

6,680

6,558

5,250

3,950

3,138

Nov.

3,095

2,706

2,610

2,393

2,300

o2,210

3,095

2,930

2,930

2,930

8,404

9,240

o9,144

8,750

7,472

6,176

4,592

3,880

3,260

a2,963

3,294

3,294

3,029

3,294

2,800

2,548

ol,658

2,030

2,331

2,610

3,932

Dec.

2,548

2,455

2,455

02,340

2,300

2 340

1,940

1,804

1,658

1 684

ol,532

1,804

1,804

1,850

1,850

1,880

2,000

ol,850

1,940

2,090

2,090

2,548

4,230

5,610

a5,450

5,130

4,300

3,420

3,095

3, 705

4,813

2,720

a Sunday.

Daily discharge,in second-feet, of Black River at Huntingtonville dam, New Yorkf

for 1899.

Day.

1 .............

0

3.. ........

4

6. ........ ....

7----...-.-...

8. ........... .

9. ........ ....

10. ........ ....

11. ............

12.............

13.... .........

14.............

15 ......... ....

16.............

17. ........... .

18. ...... ......

19. ............

20. ............

21

22.............

23

24

25

26.............

27

38.............

29.............

30............. 

31.............

Mean

Jan.

4 230

3! 985

3,396

3,600

10,396

9,740

8,750

08,750

7,972

6,812

5,450

4,484

4,055

3,950

04,702

5,810

5,890

5,450

5,250

3,095

3,740

o3,362

3,195

2 930

2,770

2,900

2,610

2,393

o2,000

2,300 

2,120

4,712

Feb.

1,940

2,090

2,030

2,000

o2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,984

1,850

ol,984

2 240

2 240

2,240

2,150

2,210

1,984

ol,850

2,000

2,090

2,362

2,963

3,465

3,420

o3,095

3,420

3,530

.......

2 326

Mar.

3,565

3,260

3 230

3*, 328

a3,880

5,170

5,970

5,530

5,090

4,592

4,125

05,210

8,164

8,020

7,736

6,900

6,680

5,850

05,250

4,629

4,665

4,629

4,665

5,050

4,930

a4,776

4,592

4,230

4,090

4,592 

4,195

5,051

Apr.

4 125

o3,915

3,800

3,565

3,600

3,985

4,520

6,900

08,116

8,308

8,950

10,656

11,072

12,136

13,694

al3,806

14,086

14,086

14,700

17 400

20,900

24,400

024,950

25,000

24,850

24,950

24,300

23,450

22 250

020,350

13,894

May.

18,000

16,150

14,800

13,694 10 non

9,490

07,516

5,090

4,135

3,705

3,362

3,705

3,880

o3,260

2,930

3,029

3,095

3,705

3,029

3,775

04,484

4,337

3,775

3,500

2,900

2,424

2,485

o2,393

2,362

3,362 

3,420

5,609

June.

3,095

2,393

2,240

al,804

1,658

1,710

1,658

1,532

1,340

1 532

al,220

1,532

1,340

1,340

1 132

1,460

1,460

al,460

1,658

1,340

1 220

1,220

1,220

1,340

ol,268

1,292

1 532

1,*340

1,176

1,340

1,528

July.

1,460

ol,022

1,000

956

1,388

1,436

1,580

1,460

ol,176

1,880

1,340

2, 150

1,738

1,532

1,412

al,022

934

1,000

1,292

956

956

1,000

o978

1,22ft

1,340

1,132

1,044

1,088

836

a550 

458

1,205

Aug.

956

1,000

1,110

1,000

854

o678

800

890

1,000

854

728

678

o710

728

1,044

1,110

1,066

1,606

1,000

o710

522

1,000

890

854

1,244

1,110

0854

872

890

1,000 

956

897

Sept.

978

1,244

a630

1,110

480

1,000

890

1,023

1,066

al,022

1,220

678

1,340

630

694

1,176

a 764

1,220

1,176

710

800

1,066

710

o630

1,198

1,110

1,198

1,198

1,198

1,532

990

Oct.

0956

956

1,460

1,340

1,176

1,022

1,022

o678

1,044

854

956

800

818

818

0818

694

1,000

978

1,044

1,088

854

a522

1,000

956

1,066

1,110

1,110

1,110

ol,066

1,292 

1,940

1,018

Nov.

2,240

3,420

4,055

3,230

o2,900

2,706

2,393

1,850

1,833

1,460

1,413

al,066

1,436

1,132

1,220

1,364

1,460

1,460

al,066

1,110

1,244

1,176

1,066

1,198

1,110

a 782

1,088

1,132

1,066

912

1,652

Dec.

1,176

1,198

al,412

2,090

2,060

1,658

1,460

1,220

1,198

al.110

1,658

4,850

8,404

8,404

7,928

5,650

a2,706.

3,294

4,703

5,450

6,470

6,680

5,050

a4,337

4,300

2,930

2,548

2,300

2,240

2,240 

ol,804

3,501

o Sunday.
MICHIGAN. 239

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Huntingtonville dam, New York,

for 1900.

Day.

1. ...........

Z. ...........

3. .....--. ...

I. ...........

5. -- .-

6............ 7... .. .

8. ........ ...

9............

10. ....... ....

11............

12............

13...... ......

14. ....... ....

15.-- -.. 

16... ... ......

17.............

18. ......... ..

19. ........ ...

20............

21. ......... ..

22

23

24...-.---.-.

25. ....... ....

26. ....... ....

27............

28... .........

29

30............

31 ............

Mean . .

Jan.

1,766 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

1,710 

al,710 

2,300 

2,362 

2,362 

2,240 

2,150 

2,270 

al,710 

1,940 

1,850 

1,580 

1,710 

1,940 

2,930 

05,930 

6,260 

5,850 

5,770 

4,850 

4,125 

3,670 

a3,420 

3,195 

2,865

2,548

2,834

Feb.

2,300 

2,300 

2,240 

a2,060 

2,060 

2,150 

2,200 

2,150 

4,850 

5,850 

a 5, 770 

5,250 

6,344 

11,458 

12,304 

14,030 

13,470 

all, 280 

9,590 

7,924 

5,770 

5,130 

5,130 

4,850 

o4,230 

3,775 

3,095 

2,996

5,734

Mar.

2,865 

2,610 

2,579 

a2, 770 

2,770 

2,930 

2,865 

2,674 

2,930 

2,930 

o2,674 

2,930 

8,674 

3,610 

2,610 

2,610 

2,610 

a2,548 

2,610 

2,610 

2,610 

3,420 

4,020 

3,915 

a3,600 

3,600 

3,260 

3,260 

3,260 

3,260 

3,465

2,970

Apr.

a 3, 800 

4,265 

5,370 

6,050 

7,384 

7,560 

9,740 

012,192 

10,760 

10,760 

10,240 

10,344 

9,490 

7,340 

a6,386 

7,208 

9,096 

10,604 

20,100 

27,050 

30,000 

a29,500 

27,700 

25,200 

23,300 

21,750 

20,000 

17,050 

014,800 

12, 752

13,926

May.

11,280 

11,020 

10,812 

9,740 

9,000 

o7,780 

6,900 

6,050 

5,650 

6,602 

7,560 

6,050 

05,770 

5,650 

5,250 

5,250 

5,650 

5,530 

5,250 

o5,170 

4,930 

4,374 

4,265 

3,705 

3,161 

3,420 

o2, 706 

2,485 

2,150 

2,000 

1,904

5,711

June.

2,000 

1,710 

2,000 

o2,060 

2,200 

2,000 

2,150 

2,424 

2,579 

2,485 

a2,610 

2,000 

2,030 

1,766 

1,580 

1,580 

1,268 

al,154 

1,460 

1,364 

1,044 

1,044 

1,110 

1,110 

ol,176 

1,340 

978 

836 

764 

1,044

1,630

July.

a 978 

978 

1,000 

854 

1,000 

1,110 

1,110 

a 764 

1,268 

1,244 

1,340 

1,268 

1,532 

1,580 

al, 198 

1,460 

1,220 

1,268 

1,340 

1,766 

1,580 

ol,460 

1,556 

1,766 

1,340 

1,220 

2,150 

1,850 

ol, 316 

1,268 

1,176

1,321

Aug.

1,340 

1,110 

1,220 

1,000 

0854 

694 

1,000 

1,154 

690 

820 

780 

ol,610 

1,010 

1,490 

1,730 

1,680 

1,535 

1,240 

a2,120 

1,010 

1,240 

1,200 

810 

480 

810 

a500 

780 

780 

1,780 

1,440 

1,240

1,134

Sept.

1,240 

al,200 

1,010

(b)

(a)

760 

740 

780 

780 

740 

o390 

740 

1,120 

1,100 

1,120 

980 

980 

ol,055 

1,240 

1,780 

1,490 

1,295 

1,200 

915 

o800

1,020

Oct.

780 

1,440 

1,200 

960 

1,130 

1,200 

a 780 

1,010

960 

1,240 

980 

870 

780 

a 580 

820 

780 

1,010 

1,050 

1,050 

1,050 

o740 

960 

1,240 

1,440 

1,980 

2,340 

2,120 

ol,605 

1,860 

1,885 

1,935

1,218

Nov.

1,610 

1,535 

1,440 

1,120 

1,370 

1,120 

1,245

2,990 

2,895 

2,475 

2,120 

2,250 

1,485 

1,780 

1,680 

3,900 

8,600 

9,173 

8,900 

8,600 

7,820 

6,280 

6,680 

9,900 

12,250 

13,900 

12,250

5,014

Dec.

9,900 

8,000 

6,400 

5,650 

5,700 

6,650 

6,700 

4,900 

4,180 

3,300 

8,460 

8,145 

2,990 

2,780 

3,080 

2,200 

2,780 

2,255 

2,595 

2,830 

2,780 

2,535 

2,535 

3,640 

5,450 

5,280 

4,900 

4,220 

3,810

4,230

o Sunday. b Sluice gates open.

GRAND RIVER, MICHIGAN. 1

This is the largest stream in the State. Its drainage basin, which 

includes a total area of 5,572 square miles, is situated in the central 

portion of the lower peninsula, and drains into Lake Michigan. It 

lies in the southern border of the pine belt and is for the most part 

cleared. Occasional tracts of forest remain, however, as, for example, 

Slocum's Grove, in Muskegon County, which forms a part of the 

drainage basin of Crockery Creek, and contains between 4,000 and 

5,000 acres of hard-wood and hemlock timber, now being lumbered. 

The basin is overlain with glacial drift deposits, including sand, clay, 

overwash, gravel, and till, with outcroppings of rock at rare intervals. 

A stratum of limestone, said to be 52 feet thick, appears in the east 

side of the bed of Grand River at Grand Rapids, 100 feet above the 

Pearl street bridge. It dips in a northeasterly direction, at a slope of 

50 feet to the mile, and does not appear in the west side canal. The 

watershed receives an annual rainfall varying from 25 inches in 

the region of the headwaters to 30 or 35 inches near the mouth of the 

river. From the foot of the rapids formed by the limestone ledge at 

Grand Rapids to the mouth of the river at Lake Michigan the flow is

1 Report of Robert E. Horton.
240 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

very sluggish; the fall in this portion is given below, from levels run 

by Mr. Fred Morley, United States assistant engineer.

Fall of Grand River between Grand Rapids and its mouth.

Section. Distance,

Miles. 

6.0

11.5

21.64

39.14

Fall.

Feet.

2.85

2.93

0.43

6.20

In the upper half of this stretch of the river the immediate banks 

of the stream are high, sometimes forming natural levees at elevations greater than that of the adjacent flood plain. Mr. Morley states 

that below Lament bayous and low swamps are common between the 

river banks and the foothills bordering the valley. The valley as a 

whole is narrow; gravel bluffs from 50 to 60 feet high occasionally 

stand close to the stream. The river below Grand Rapids has been 

adjudged navigable, and a project has been formed for its canalization, the plan being for a waterway, with a navigable depth of 10 feet, 

connecting the city of Grand Rapids with Lake Michigan.

The drainage areas of the main stream and its tributaries at various 

points are given in the following table:

Drainage areas of Grand River and its tributaries.

Stream.

Do.-.... ........ ......

Do............ ..... ..--

Do..-. ...............

Do.-..-----.-..--- ..

Do........ .. ....

Do.......................

Location. Area.

Sq. mi. 

756

472

1,329

1,404

306

1,710

1,748

459

919

2,667

' 2,818

2,971

602

3,573

824

4,883

5,572

The watershed is comparatively flat. The total fall of the river 

from the extreme headwaters to the mouth, a distance of more than 

200 miles, is about 350 feet.
MICHIGAN. 

Fall and slope of Grand River.

241

Location.

Elevation 

above 

mean tide.

Feet. 

581.3 

587.5 

635.0 

640.0 

710.0 

825.0 

915.0

Approximate fall.

To mouth 

of stream.

Feet. 

0.0 

6; 2 

53.7 

58.7 

128.7 

243.7 

333.7

Between 

points.

Feet. 

0.0 

6.2 

47.5 

5.0 

70.0 

115.0 

90.0

Approximate distance.

From 

mouth.

Miles. 

0 

39 

67 

83 

106 

138 

192

Between, 

points.

Miles. 

0 

39 

28 

16 

23 

32 

54

a Foot of rapids.

The northwestern and southeastern portions of the watershed are 

thickly interspersed with small lakes. A considerable number of 

these have no surface outlets, and their drainage basins do not contribute to the run-off of the river except through ground water.

The water of Grand River is hard. Samples collected on June 20, 

1899, showed the following analyses:1

Analyses of water from Grand River and tributary streams, in parts per million.

Stream. Location.

pumping station.

Total 

residue.

281.6

280.0

184.0

245.6

Chlorine.

4.0

4.3

1.9

1.7

Free 

ammonia.

0.112

.094

.052

.006

Albuminoid 

ammonia.

0.320

.208

.344

.096

Temporary hardness.

240

250

170

225

Grand River serves as a source of water supply to the city of Grand 

Rapids. The average daily consumption of that city for the year 

1899-1900 was 13,693,499 gallons a day, equivalent to a flow of 21.3 

second-feet. The population in 1900 was 87,565. 2

In connection with proposed improvements for navigation, gaging 

stations have been established at various points on Grand River below 

Grand Rapids. All gages are set with their zeros at the Lake Michigan datum, 581.28 feet above mean tide of the New York harbor deepsea levels. Since 1890 observations have been taken at different 

stages of the stream, notably during high water, with a view to determining its slope. Cross sections have also been made, and these data 

will, when completed, form a basis for computing the flow of the river 

by means of Kutter's formula.

1 Report of Consulting Engineers to Pure Water Commissioners of the City of Grand Rapids 

Michigan, 1899.

2 Report of Board of Public Works, Grand Rapids, 1900.
242 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

The results of the gage readings for the year 1891, referred to the 

Lake Michigan datum, are given in the following table:

Gage heights, in feet, of Grand River at various points.

Month.

1891.

February .. ...

September ....

Mean gage heights.

35 d

&

& d

§02

8.16

8.95

11.91

11.45

6.93

6.45

5.77

5.33

5.60

9

 d

a

5

4.93

5.90

9.48

8 52

3.63

2.99

2.51

2 12

3.51

 +3

8

1 81

2.72

5.35

4.65

.92

.66

.37

.09

.26

a<s

B

 d

pj

h

-0. 70

- .93

- .79

- .47

- .35

 25

- .63

- .41

- .33

Highest observed.

ai d

P*

PH d

a

S3

9.74

13.64

16 64

14.49

8.19

6.99

6.49

6.34

5.14

9

 d

03

5

6.38

10.68

14.08

11.48

5.08

3.78

3.18

3.08

3.08

 +3

£)

a

2.37

6.67

8.87

6.87

2.17

1.07

.77

.87

.77

a

c8

B

 d

5

+0.42

- .13

- .39

+ .17

+ .17

+ 72

+ .27

+ 02

+ .02

Lowest observed.

iC d

n

PH

n3

5

7.19

7.04

8.99

8.39

6.34

5.74

5.16

4.92

5.12'

<x>

 d

c8

5

4.08

4.28

6.18

5.18

2.78

2.38

3.08

1.78

1.73

9

103

1 27

1.37

2 77

2.17

.37

.07

- .13

- .33

a

&

M d

a

gh

 1 28

-1.68

-1.53

-1.08

- .90

- .69

- .91

-1.29

Float measurements of the flow of Grand River were made by Mr. 

Morley during the low-water period of 1891, as follows: 1 July 21, 5.52 

miles below Grand Rapids; August 18,16.68 miles below Grand Rapids. 

Rod floats were run across the stream at intervals of 10 feet, and 

were timed while passing downstream a distance of 100 feet. From 

these measurements the minimum flow of 1891 was estimated at 981.5 

second-feet, the corresponding stage on the Grand Rapids gage being 

5.67 feet.

In addition to the foregoing, Mr. Morley calculated the flow at various stages, from measured slopes and sections, by means of Kutter's 

formula, with the following results:

Calculated floiv of Grand River near Grand Rapids.

Gage

height 

on 

Grand

Rapids

gage.

Feet.

5.67

7.32

10.32

14.32

Corresponding 

gage 

height at

discharge

section.

Feet.

2.57

4.24

7.62

11.54

Area of 

cross section.

(A)

Square

feet.

1,205.5

1,765.4

2,961.9

4,365.4

Wetted perimeter.

(P)

Lineal

feet.

330.0

345.5

367.5

392.0

Hydraulic 

radius 

p=R.

Slope.

Feet per

foot.

3.653 0.000035

5.109

8.059

11.136

.0000466

.0000559

.000087

Coefficient 

of roughness.

0.026

.026

.026

.026

Mean velocity.

Feet per

second.

0.8142

1. 2187

1.8614

2.8363

Discharge.

Secondfeet.

981.5

2, 151. 0

5,514.0

12,382.0

A nearly continuous record of the stage of Grand River at the Chicago and West Michigan Railroad bridge, 1 mile below the dam in 

Grand Rapids, has been kept since May 26,1897. A copy of this record has been furnished by George W. Bunker, United States assistant

1 Report on Survey of Grand River below Grand Rapids, War Department, 1892.
MICHIGAN. 243

engineer. The daily gage heights, referred to the Lake Michigan 

datum, are given in the following tables:

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Michigan, for 1897.

Day.

j

3...................................

4-.---............--.---............

5...................................

6. .................... ..............

7...................................

8...................................

9.. ...... ...........................

JO. .......................... ........

11.. .............................. ...

13..... ..............................

13...................................

14...................................

15...................................

16...................................

17 ................................ ...

18...................................

19. ............................. .....

20................................. .

21...................................

23 ................................ ...

33 ........ ...........................

24...................................

25

26 ...................................

27...................................

28...................................

29...................................

30...................................

31................................ ..

May.

8.2

8.2

8.0

7.9

June.

7.5

6.8

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.8

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.8

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.6

6.5

6.5

July.

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.3

5.4

5.4

6.3

6.5

6.8

7.3

7 2

7.0

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.6

fi t\

6.5

6.5

6.9

7.3

7.3

Aug.

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

,6.3

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.1

Sept.

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.4

6.1

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.2

5.9

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

Oct.

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.9

5.8

5. »

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.1

5.9

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.8

6.1

6.1

Nov.

6.3

5.9

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.6

6.7

6.6

6.8

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.5

Dec.

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.8

6.8

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.6

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.0

7.2

7.2

7.5

8.1

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.0

8.0

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grznd Rapids, Michigan, for 1898.

Day.

I...... ........ 

2..............

3..............

4.............. 

5... ............

6.............. 

7..............

8..............

9.-.....-.. . 

10..............

11.............. 

12..............

13..............

14.......... . 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

31..............

23..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

"~7.~9~

7.9

7.4

7.4 

7.4

7.4

~"6.~8~

6.9

6.7

6.9

7.4 

7.6

8.0

8.0

7.8 

7.8

7.7 

7.9

8.9

8.4 

9.0

9.2

10.2

9.4

9.6

9.6

9.4

Feb.

9.8 

9.7 

9.4

9.2 

9.3

9.1 

9.9

9.4

9.1 

8.9

9.8 

11.7

12.5

12.8

13.0

13.1

12.9 

12.9

"l2.~9'

13.1 

13.1

13.1

13.1

12.4

Mar.

12.2 

11.9 

11.4

10.6 

10.3

"~9"i"

9.3

9.6 

11.9

13.5 

15.7

18.7 

19.5

19.7

19.2

18.6 

18.1

"~17.'6~

16.7

16.6 

16.4

15.8

15.2

14 2

13.9

14.0

14.2

Apr.

14.1 

13.9

12.4

11.6

11.2

10.7

10.3

10.0

9.5

9.0

8.8 

8.4

8.2 

8.2

8.4 

8.4

8.5

8.7

8.8

8.7

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.3

May.

"~8.T 

8.1

8.1 

8.0

7.9

7.6 

7.6

7.4 

7.3

7.2

7. 1

6.9

6.9

6.8

7.3

8.0

7 Q

~"7.~8~

7.5

7.3

7.3

7.0

June.

6.8 

6.4 

6.9

6.1

6.3 

6.4

6.5

6.6 

6.6

6.8

6.7

7.0 

6.6

7.2

7.0

6.9 

6.9

6.5

6.4 

6.8

7.0

7.3

7.0

7.0

July.

6.9 

7.0

""O"

6.6 

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.4 

6.5

6.3

6.4 

6.3

6.3

6.4 

6.4

6.5 

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.3

Aug.

6.4 

6.4

6.4

6.5 

6.6

6.5

6.8

6.8 

6.9

6.8 

6.7

6.8 ""e.Y

6.8

7 3

8.1

7.5

7.5

9.1

7.0 

7.0

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.6

Sept.

6.6 

6.7 

6.6

6.6 

6.6

6.6

6.6 

6.5

"~6~3~

6.2

6.4 

6.3

6.8

6.8

"~6."9~

6.8 

6.5

6.5

6.8

7 3

7.6

7.3

6.8

6.8

Oct.

6.8 

""6.T

6.7 

6.4

6.3 

6.3

fi H

~"6.T

6.6 

6.4

5.5

6.3 

6.4

6.7

6.9 

6.9

6.8

7.6

"~7.~6~

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.6

Nov.

7.4 

7.4 

7.3

7.1 

7.2 ~"Y.l~

6.9

7.3 

7.3

7.4 

7.5

7.7 

7.9

8.0

8 2

8.2 

8.4

"~8.T

8.8

8.8

8.2

8.2

7.8

7.9

7.9

Dec.

7.8 

7.7

7.7

~"7.~5

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.4 

7.4

"~7"9

8.3

8.2 

8.3

8.1

7.8

8.1

7.4

7.7

8.0 

8.3

9.3

9.9

9.6

9.3

10.0
244 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Michigan, for 1899.

Day.

1... ... ........

2

3...... .... .... 

4...... .....

5..- ........

6-.. ..-.. 

7. ......... ....

8... ........

9. ..... ....

10... . .

11 . 

12

13. - 

14.. .. --------

15- . .

16. ......... 

17.. . ...-

18. 

19...... 

20-.. . 

21

23

23

24... . -.. 

25. .

26-.. ---.. 

27

28

29. 

30. . 

31. 

Jan.

.......

10.0 

9.3

10.2

10.3

13.0

12.6

12.0

12.8 

11.2

11.2

11.4

 12.3

12.4 

12 4

13.3

12.0 

11.8

10.6

10.3 

9.9 "io'e"

10.0

9.8

9.9

Feb.

9.9

9.8

9.4 

9.4

9.0

8.9

-----

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.4

8.4 

8.1

9.1 

9.4

9.4

9.4 

9.3 "is" 7"

14.0

Mar.

14.1 

14.3

14.7 

15.3

U Q

14.6

14.2

13.0

11.9

11.4

12.5

12.8

13.1

13.3

13.9 

13.3

12.2 

12.3

12.3

12 1

11.3 

11.0 "io~5~

10.8

10.8

10.3

Apr.

10.0

9.9 

10.4

11.4

13.1

14.0

14.6

16.0

16.3 

16.5

16.5

16.4

16.2

15.7

14.9 

14 3

13.4

12.3 

11.8

11.1

10.4 

10.0

9.9

9.7

9.4

May.

9.3 

9.4

9.5 

9.4

9.7

9.6

8.7

8.5

8.3

8.2 

8.2

7.6

7.9

7.6

7.7 

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.4

7.3 7 9

7.1 

7.0

8.1

8.6

June.

8.6 

8.4

8.3

7.9

7.6

7.6

7.4

"Yi~-

7.4

6.8

6.5

""O"

6.2

6.2

July.

6.0

6.2

7.0

6.7

6.8

.......

6.6

6.9

6.9 

6.9

6.9 

6.6

6.6

6.8 

6.7

7.0 

7.1

7.0

6.9

7.1

Aug.

6.9 

6.8

6.5

6.8

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.6 

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

"~6"4~

6.6 

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

Sept.

6.4 

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7 

6.6

6.7

6.5

6.6

6.5

~"<J.Y

6.9

6.9 

6.7

6.9

.... -.

7.6 

7.3

7.3

7.1

Oct.

"Yiif

6.7 

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.7 

6.6

6.5

6.6

6.9

6.8 

6.9

7.0

6.8 

6.8

6.9

6.6 

6.5

6.8

7.2

7.0

Nov.

6.6

7.0

7.0 

7.0

6.8

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.8

7.0

6.9

7.0

7.0

7 2

6.8

7 2

7.6 

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.8 "~6~6~

6.4

Dec.

6.7 

6.7

6.3

6.3

6.8

7.6

7.5

7.6

"T.i

7.2

7.3 

7 2

7.0

......

7.5

7.4

7.6

7.6

7. ft

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Michigan, for 1900

Day.

i

2 : ::::::::

4.. ...... ............

5.. ................. ..... 

6...... ............... ...

7.......... ..............

8-. . .. ......

10..... ...................

11....... ...... ........

12

13- ........... ...... 

14. ..................

15. ..................

16.. ......................

Jan.

__

......

-----

Feb.

......

......

11.6

14.1

14.6

13.9

13.4

12.8 

12.7

12 8

12.8

Mar.

8.3

8.3 

8.1

7.9

7.9 

7.9

7.9

7 Q

8.1

8.1

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

Apr.

16.8

16.7 

16.5

16.3

16.1 

15.7

15.1

13.5

12.7

11.8

11 2

10.6 

10.3

10. 6

Day.

17 -. -.. . 

18 . -- . 

19... ........... .... ......

20

21. .. . . 

23. ..................

24--...-.. ............

26

37......-- ...... ......

29 

30 .. . 

31. .......................

Jan.

......

"Y.9

7.9

7.7

7.4

7.0

6.7

7.0

8.7 

8.7

8.5

Feb.

12.3

11.5 

11.0

10.6

10.2

9.7

9.3

9.0,

8.7

8.5

8.3

Mar.

8.9

8.7 

8.7

8.7

8.7 

8.8

9.8

11.4

12 2

12.8

13.5

15.4

16.7 

17.0

17.0

Apr.

9.8

......

......

In 1899 the following measurements of the volume of flow of the 

stream were made under Mr. Bunker's direction. The measurements 

were made by means of rod floats spaced at intervals of 20 feet across 

the channel, and timed through a distance of 100 feet.
MICHIGAN. 245

Discharge measurements of Grand River.

Date.

 1899. 

Apr. 13

Aug. 31

June 29

Sept. 8

Apr. 19

June 28

June 30

Location of section.

Brick House. _ ....... _ .......... . ...

-....do.--..-. .-- - ..-.-....... 

.....do... ..............................

.....do... .................................

.. ...do. ................................ ...

.....do.... ......... ........... ...... ......

.....do-..................... . . ......

 ..do... .................................

Elevation of 

water 

surface, 

Lake 

Michigan 

datum.

Feet. 

"14.514

8.968

4.048

3.480

3.301

1.077

.487

13.334

6.142

6.168

Corresponding 

stage at 

Grand 

Rapids 

gage.

Feet. 

16.49

11.09

a6.39

6.17

6.44

a 7. 09

6.17

6.69

13.39

h 6.14

6.17

Mean 

area of 

section.

8q. ft. 

6,131.6

3,337.6

1,437.6

1,177.0

751.2

1, 699. 1

1,402.2

1,214.2

4,091.4

784.3

619.5

Mean

velocity 

per 

second.

Feet. 

3.061

2.237

1.377

1.187

1.210

1.206

.957

.749

2.584

1.903

1.756

Discharge,

8ec.-feet. 

18,770

7,465

 1,980

1,397

909

2,048

1,342

910

10,571

1,492

1,098

a Approximate; interpolated.

The relation between the various sections is shown in the following 

table:

Table showing relation between sections on Grand River where discharge measurements were made.

Location.

C. & W. M. R. R. bridere. Grand Raoids ..............:..-.....

Distance belowGrand

Rapids.

Miles.

4.0

16.5

0.0

Drainage 

area.

Sq. miles.

4,961

5,179

4,900

Proportional

drainagearea at

Grand

Rapids.

Per cent.

98.7

94.6

100.0

A gaging was made at Grand Rapids on July 13,1898, by W. M. Mills, 

C. E., from which the flow was estimated at 1,000 second-feet. The 

results of all gagings thus far made are summarized in the following 

table, the results of measurements made below Grand Rapids having 

been reduced to equivalent flow at the Chicago and West Michigan 

Railroad bridge:

Table showing discharge of Grand River at Chicago and West Michigan Railroad

bridge at Grand Rapids.

Date.

1891....................

July 13,1898...........

June 30, 1899... ........

June 29, 1899... ........

Do.................

June 28, 1899.. ....... ..

June 16, 1899... ....... .

June 19, 1899.. ....... ..

1891...... ..............

1891....................

April 22, 1899 ..........

April 19, 1899...... ...

1891....................

April 13, 1899. .........

Hydrographer.

.....do................................................

W.M. Mills ..........................................

. ....do. ............................................ ...

.... .do.... ......... . --..... ...-..... 

.....do ---.--.-... -. . .-- -- 

...-.do..-...........-............ --....-.....-. ...

.....do.........:........ ...........................

.-..-do.-..-..--.-........... .......... ...... ..-. .

-.-.-do......-.-.-..-.-.-...... --.----....-.-..---.-..

Stage at 

Grand 

Rapids 

gage.

Feet. 

6.69

6.44

5.67

6.29

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.19

7.09

6.39

7.32

10.32

11.09

13.39

14.32

16.49

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

862

897

981

1,000

1,098

1,270

1,379

1,492

1,937

1,954

2,151

5,514

7,368

10,570

12,382

18,527

IRE 49 01-
246 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

Two gagings of the low-water flow of Thornapple River were made 

by L. W. Anderson on September 14, 1899, near the mouth of the 

stream and just above the village of Ada. The velocities were determined by means of both surface and rod floats, which were timed 

while passing through 100-foot sections. The flow was found to be 

155 second-feet, or 0.19 second-foot per square mile from a drainage 

area of 824 square miles.

Float measurements of Flat River about 7^ miles above its mouth 

have been made by R. J. M. Danley. Soundings were taken every 10 

feet across the channel, and rod floats were put in at the same intervals. The velocity was determined by timing the floats while passing 

a distance of 200 feet. The drainage area above the point of measurement is 556 square miles, 46 square miles less than at the mouth 

of the stream.

Discharge measurements of Flat River about 7.5 miles above its mo^lth.

Date.

1898. 

July 16.. .................................... ...................................

July39. ........................................................................

Discharge.

Secondfeet. 

215 

215

220

Sec.-ft.per 

sq.mue. 

0.39 

0.39 

0.40

Mr. Danley states that these measurements represent extreme low 

water preceded by a period of six weeks with little or no rain.

Arrangements have been made with L. W. Anderson, C. E., for the 

continuation of gagings of Grand River at Grand Rapids. A gage 

has been placed at the Fulton street bridge where observations of the 

stage of the water are taken twice daily. Current-meter measurements of the flow will be made, from which, with the measurements 

already available, a rating curve for the Grand Rapids cross section 

can be prepared.

A station has also been established on Grand River at the Schuyler 

street bridge in North Lansing. The river freezes over through nearly 

its entire length above Lansing, and in the spring large quantities of 

ice are brought down. At the point selected for gaging, however, the 

river does not freeze over, owing to the presence of a dam an eighth of 

a mile above.

Two miles above the North Lansing gaging station Grand River 

receives the drainage from Red Cedar River, on which a gaging station was established in January, 1901. The gage is located at the 

Grand Trunk Railroad bridge on the grounds of the Michigan Agricultural College. The stream is narrow, .with gravel bed and without 

flood plains; the current is moderate.

The station on Red Cedar River, as well as that at North Lansing 

on Grand River, is under the immediate direction of Prof. H. K. 

Vedder, of the Michigan Agricultural College.
MICHIGAN.

The drainage areas above the stations are as follows: 

Drainage areas above gaging stations.

247

Elver.

Do.......................

Location. Area.

Sq. miles. 

4,900

1 338

358

The fall and the power in use at the principal dams on the main 

river and its branches are given in the following table. There is no 

storage developed on the stream. The dams are of timber, usually 

provided with logways, though the logging industry on the river is 

now practically at an end. During the winter months anchor ice is 

a frequent source of annoyance to water-power users. The present 

development involves two power canals which run parallel with the 

river.

Developed water powers on Grand River and its tributaries.

Stream.

Grand River...... 

Do.............

Do.............

Do.. ......... ..

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Rogue River.. .... 

Do.............

Porter Creek ..... 

Thornapple River 

Do.............

Do.............

Do.............

Flat River ........

Do.............

Do..............

Do............. 

Do.............

Lookinglass River 

Red Cedar River . 

Do.............

Location.

Grand Rapids .....

Three miles above 

Lyons.

.... .do ..............

Grand Ledge. .....

North Lansing .... 

Eaton Rapids . . Winfleld.. ...... ...

Childsdale. . .

Ada ................

Middleville ........

Three miles above 

Lowell.

Belding . _ .... .

Williamstown .....

Number 

of dam.

1 

2 

3

4 

5

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4

1

g

3 

4 

5 

1 

1 

3

Number 

of mills 

at dam.

24 

3 

1

1 

2 

2 

None. 

6 

2 

2

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2

Effective head or fall.

Greatest.

Feet. 

15 

9

9

9 

9

18

14

8

12

8

Least.

Feet. 

6.5 

4.0

6.0

3.0 

5.0

8.0

13.6 

4.0

4.0

Average.

Feet. 

12.5 

7.5

7.5

7.6 

7.5

13.0

13.0 

10.0 

6.0

8.0 

11.0

7.0

Rated 

power of 

water 

wheels 

reported.

Horsepower. 

2,000 

150

341

130

200 

140

400 

418

52 

33 

90

297 

466

186

203

Water power was originally developed at Grand Rapids in 1836 by 

the construction of a rubble diverting or wing dam on the limestone 

ledge at the east side of the stream. In 1851-52 a dam was built 

across the stream and the width of the east' side canal was increased 

to 60 feet, with the intention of providing slack-water navigation past 

the Long Rapids at this point. In 1866 W. T. Powers purchased the
248 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

water privilege on the west side of the stream, and joined with the 

power users on the east side to build the present timber dam, the crest 

line of which is 678 feet long. The east side canal is 2,560 feet long 

and the west side canal 3,750 feet long.

Where the space between the canals and river does not permit of 

the erection of mills or factories, wheel pits are placed at the river's 

edge and the power is carried to the mills by telodynamic transmission.

Each canal is entitled to half the flow of the stream. Water privileges on the east side were sold by priority, beginning at the lower end 

of the canal. The flow in the west side canal, constituting half of the 

power of the stream, was divided into 66 equal parts or " runs." The 

net power of one run of stone, at the ordinary stage of the stream 

and under a head of 12^- feet, has been fixed at 15 horsepower. On 

this basis the ordinary effective power available at Grand Rapids is 

estimated at 2,000 horsepower. The power is utilized in the manufacture of furniture, in flour mills, machine, iron, and brass works, 

and for the generation of electricity. In addition power is transmitted electrically to Grand Rapids from the plant of the Peninsular Electric Company on Flat River, above Lowell. The transmission line is 16 miles long, the tension 10,000 volts.

The foregoing list of water powers does not include a number of 

rural grist and feed mills on the smaller tributaries, some of them very 

small, only permitting the mills to run intermittently by holding back 

the flow as pond storage. Abandoned sites where dams have been 

washed out are not infrequently found. These were used to supply 

power for sawmills which have long since ceased to be operative 

through lack of timber supply.

The lall at Grand Rapids aggregates 18 feet, and the available 

power could be greatly increased by constructing a new dam, increasing the head, and concentrating the entire ilow in one wheel pit, for 

the generation of electricity. It is estimated that an average of 2,200 

horsepower net can be obtained 8 months of the year, from May to 

December, while during the four spring months a minimum of 3,200 

horsepower will be available, with the exception of a few days, when 

the head will be reduced by backwater to 6 feet or less. The plan 

contemplates the erection of a 12-foot concrete dam, the construction 

of a power canal along the stream bed, and the excavation of the tailrace channel 2^ feet below the present bed of the river. It would 

admit of the filling in of the present power canals and the reclamation of valuable land along the river front. 1

The available power of the main stream is for the most part utilized. 

It is stated that a site exists between Lyons and Portland where a 

head of 12 feet could be obtained by the erection of a dam 10 feet

1 Report on Development of Water Power, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Rae and Monroe, Chicago,
MICHIGAN. 249

high. A dam is also contemplated at Delta, 7 miles downstream from 

Lansing, where a fall of 7 feet is available.

Four miles above Lowell, Flat River forms a bend 5 miles in circumference. The natural difference in elevation of the stream at the 

two ends of the loop is 11 feet. By building a dam 20 feet high on the 

upstream "side, and carrying the water across the neck of the bow, a 

head of 30 feet could be obtained, which would yield a minimum of 

1,000 horsepower.

On Rogue River, 1 mile below Childsdale, a dam could be erected 

which would afford a head of 20 feet. Other unimproved privileges 

are at Fallassburg on Flat River, where a 12-foot head is available 

at Ada and Cascade on Thornapple River, and at Maple Rapids and 

other points on Maple River. There are also two abandoned powers 

on Buck Creek in the vicinity of Grandville, at each of which a head 

of 12 to 14 feet could be obtained.

Much of the available power on tributaries of Grand River is, however, of little value, owing to irregular flow, limited supply, and 

remoteness from population centers.

MUSKEGON RIVER, MICHIGAN.

The drainage basin of this stream lies immediately north of that of 

Grand River. Originally it was covered with pine timber, but now 

it is almost entirely cleared. Much of the soil is sand and gravel, 

unfit for profitable cultivation. Large stump-covered areas form a 

conspicuous feature of the topography. The drainage areas tributary 

to the stream are given in the following table:

Drainage areas of Muskegon River and tributary.

Stream.

Do......................

Do-....... ............

Do... ...... ..............

Location. Area.

Sq. miles.

787

307

1,094

1,764

2,352

2,663

In March, 1901, a station was established at the dam of the Newaygo 

Portland Cement Company. This dam crosses Muskegon River in a 

deep valley above the village of Newaygo. It is of timber, having 

framed cribs filled with stone. Its height is 21 feet; it rests on a 

hardpan foundation, and is considered to be practically water tight. 

It is provided with a main spillway, with logways, and with four 

floodways. The floodways are provided with Taintor segmental flood 

gates, which are operated by a traveling crab. A record is kept of 

the time and amount of opening of the flood gates and logways, as 

well as of the depth of water on the crests of the spillways. Ordinarily the flood gates and logways are closed, and the entire flow
250 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [50.49.

passes over the main spillway or through the turbines. Water is 

carried from the pond to the power house by a short headrace separated from the stream channel by a crib breakwater.

The power house contains two pairs of 35-inch Leffel standard turbines on horizontal shafts. The water wheels are connected to electrical generators by endless rope drives. The power will be used for 

driving machinery in the adjoining cement mills, and the load and 

consequent discharge of the turbines will be fairly constant. The 

record kept for the water wheels includes working head, hours run 

per day, and average width of gate opening for each pair of wheels, 

as indicated by the Lombard governors.

A gaging of Muskegon River at Big Rapids was made August 27, 

1881, by Frederick P. Stearns, civil engineer, and the discharge was 

found to be 877 second-feet. This amount is taken as the ordinary 

flow, and is used in partitioning the water power among the several 

privileges at Big Rapids.

The Newaygo dam is the first one above-the mouth of the stream. 

An effective head of 14 feet is obtained there. Power is also developed 

at Big Rapids, where there are two dams. The lower dam is a rough 

timber structure, built with a view to its use in log driving. One 

hundred and seventy-two horsepower is now in use for the generation of electricity, the head obtained being 8 feet. At the upper dam in 

Big Rapids power is distributed through two lateral hydraulic canals. 

The total flow is estimated as equivalent to the discharge through an 

orifice of 6,758 square inches area under a head of 8 feet, with a 

coefficient of contraction of 0.7. Each user is entitled to install 

wheels having a certain number of square inches vent. The head 

varies from 6-J to 11 feet, the average or ordinary head being 8 or 9 

feet. The rated power of the turbines installed is 668 horsepower. 

It is stated that but 350 horsepower is actually in use. The power 

utilized at Newaygo and Big Rapids aggregates 1,000 horsepower. 

Aside from the foregoing, there is no power developed within the 

drainage basin, except in a small way on certain tributaries.

From the vicinity of Evart to Newaygo, Muskegon River flows 

between high banks, and has a rapid fall. Levels, which have been 

run for this purpose, show that within a distance of 10 miles, 5 miles 

each way from Big Rapids, there is a total fall of 104 feet. Of this 

16 feet is now utilized, leaving an available fall of 88 feet. There 

are favorable sites for the location of dams, so that practically the 

entire fall could be economically developed. At Rogers's bridge, 6 

miles below Big Rapids, surveys have been made for the erection of 

a dam to give a head of 35 feet.

In connection with power development, good opportunities exist 

for the conservation of flow by artificial storage. The water-surface 

areas of the principal lakes of the watershed and of the tributary 

drainage which they control is given below.
MICHIGAN. 251 

Drainage and surface areas of lakes in Muskegon River watershed.

Lake. Drainage area.

Sq. miles. 

57

67

67

185

253

Water 

surface.

So. miles. 

8.0

6.7

15.0

31.0

46.0

In the upper portion of the watershed there is a total lake area of 

about 110 square miles. Formerly a lumbermen's dam was maintained for the purpose of flooding logs between IJoughton and Higgins 

lakes, but this has been washed out. A properly constructed dam 

at this site would flow an area of 15 square miles and would yield a 

storage of 400,000,000 cubic feet per foot of depth. A lumbermen's 

dam, built of logs and earth, which still remains about a mile below 

the foot of Houghton Lake, raises the water level in that lake 4 feet, 

providing a storage of, in round numbers, 3,350,000,000 cubic feet. 

Thomas H. Coughlin, superintendent of the Muskegon Booming Company, states that a dam could be constructed at this site which would 

admit of a total storage 8 feet in depth and would greatly increase the 

flooded area over that of the present lake.

HURON RIVER, MICHIGAN.

This river receives drainage from a broad, flat basin interspersed 

with lakes, situated in southeastern Michigan. The inland basin is 

connected with Lake Erie by a long, narrow valley, in which occurs a 

large portion of the fall and available power of the stream. 1 A gaging 

station has been established at Ann Arbor, under the immediate 

charge of Prof. J. B. Davis, of the University o* Michigan. Currentmeter measurements are made from a temporary bridge or by fording. 

The stream at this point is winding. It flows in a shallow channel, 

and ordinarily does not overflow its banks. The bed is generally of 

gravel. The river usually freezes over during the winter, except 

immediately below the dams. Natural storage in the numerous lakes 

and marshes regulates the flow to some extent. The character of the 

watershed has changed somewhat in recent years. Areas of tamarack swamp lands, the soil of which was formerly a quaking bog, have 

been cleared and drained and are now under cultivation. The drainage area above the mouth of the river is 1,043 square miles; above 

Ann Arbor it is 841 square miles. A gaging of the bank-full flow of 

the stream at the Geddes dam, 3 miles below Ann Arbor, was made by 

Professor Davis, and the estimated discharge was 1,200 second-feet. 

The Geddes dam has a flat crest and is practically water tight. The

aA report on the water power of Huron River, by James T. G-reenleaf, C. E., was published in 

the Tenth Census of the United States, Vol. XVI, Water Power, Pt. I, pp. 443-495.
252 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49.

length of the crest is 200 feet and the depth of water on the crest at 

the time the measurement was made was 1.7 feet.

THUNDER BAY RIVER, MICHIGAN.

. Thunder Bay River is joined by two large branches 8 and 10 miles 

above its mouth, respectively. These branches, as well as the main 

stream, are further subdivided at short distances upstream, so that 

the river is of relatively small magnitude, except for a few miles 

near its mouth, where occurs the outcrop of the Traverse shales. 

It is in passing over'this rock ledge that the most rapid fall of the 

stream occurs. The drainage area was formerly heavily timbered with 

Michigan pine. Most of the pine has, however, been cut, but a large 

amount of small conifers, hard woods, white birch, and cedar remains, 

so that the watershed may be considered as representing a forested 

rather than a cleared area. A record of precipitation is kept at Alpena, 

near the mouth of the stream. The outcrop of the Traverse and St. 

Clair shales crosses the watershed in a northeast-southwest direction, 

crossing the river channel a few miles west of Alpena. The surface 

above the line of this outcrop is almost continuous limestone, composed of calcium carbonate of 96 to 98 per cent purity, small areas 

being covered with sand or with thin drift deposits.

No water powers of importance have been developed on either 

of the branches. On the main stream there are two power dams. 

The lower one, which is at Alpena, was constructed in 1862. It is 

1 mile from the head of Thunder Bay, an arm of Lake Huron. The 

river is navigable to the dam, forming a harbor. The dam and 

privileges of the river are owned jointly by the Alpena Waterworks 

Company and the Alpena Booming Company. The water wheels 

installed have a rated capacity of 864 horsepower under a head of 9 

feet. The power is used for pumping the municipal water supply 

and for the generation of electricity. The second dam is at the mill 

of the Fletcher Paper Company, 4 miles above Alpena, and 2,000 

horsepower is developed from a fall of 17 feet. The only dams above 

the Fletcher mills are those used for floating logs. Spruce dam, at 

Long Rapids, gives a head of 7 or 8 feet. At Lower Rapids a head 

of 20 feet could be obtained by the construction of a dam.

The drainage basin of Thunder Bay Elver contains thirty lakes, with 

an average area of about 1 square mile. In addition to these is Hubbard Lake, which has a water surface of 13.4 square miles. A timber 

dam at the foot of the latter lake produces a storage depth of 5 feet, 

with an aggregate storage capacity of 1,867,500,000 cubic feet, equivalent to a flow of 68 second-feet for thirty days. A similar dam at the 

foot of Beaver Lake gives a storage depth of 6 feet. The water from 

Beaver Lake is used chiefly for driving logs.

The limestone area contains numerous sink holes, often deep and 

precipitous. Surface water entering these pits disappears with greater
MICHIGAN. 253

or less rapidity by finding outlets to a lower level through limestone 

fissures. Such a pocket, known as Sunken Lake, is located near the 

north branch of Thunder Bay River, and it absorbed the entire flow 

of that tributary, involving a considerable loss to power users, until, 

in ] 900, a clay puddle dain was constructed across the channel leading from the stream to the sink hole in such a manner as to turn the 

water down its original channel. Owing to the pervious nature of the 

rock strata the effective and apparent boundaries of the watershed 

may differ materially.

The drainage areas tributary to the stream are as follows:

" (linage areas of Thunder Bay River and tributaries.

Stream.

South Branch _____ ....

Do.. ..................

Do.......................

Do.......................

Location.

.....do ...............

Above mouth of Noi 

Above mouth of Sou

Area.

Sq. miles. 

454 

199 

580 

789 i,2er

134

148

A gaging station has been established in connection with the dam 

and mill of the Fletcher Paper Company. The record kept includes 

the depth flowing over the main dam and logway and the discharge 

through the turbines. There are four pairs of Trump Model wheels 

set on horizontal shafts. The water wheels are not run otherwise 

than at full gate. The dam, which is of timber crib work filled with 

stone, is on a limestone rock foundation and is 20 feet high and 454 

feet long between abutments. A log slide divides the spillway into 

two sections. The slide has a channel 6 feet in width and is closed 

by plank flashboards to an elevation of 1 foot above the crest line. 

The spillway has a vertical face and a crest 4 feet in width, sloping 

upstream, with a batter of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal. The upstream 

face of the dam has a batter of about 3 horizontal to 1 vertical. The 

left section of the spillway is 255£ feet long. The flat crest is covered 

with sheet iron, slightly rounded at the lip. The right spillway section is 181.7 feet in length, and the crest is faced with planking.

ST. JOSEPH RIVER, MICHIGAN.

St. Joseph River rises at Sunday Hills, in northern Hillsdale County, 

Michigan, flows southwesterly into Indiana, turns northward at South 

Bend, - recrosses the State line near Bertrand, and debouches into 

Lake Michigan at St. Joseph. The total area drained is, approximately, 4,586 square miles, of which 2,916 square miles are in Michigan and 1,670 square miles in Indiana. The drainage basin contains 

more than 400 small lakes, varying in surface area from an eighth of 

a square mile to 6 square miles. Of these, approximately 100 are in
254 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. INO. 49.

Indiana and 300 in Michigan. No storage is developed on the stream. 

The drainage areas of the river and its more .important tributaries 

are given in the following table:

 Drainage areas of St. Joseph River and its tributaries.

Stream.

Portage River.......... _ .

Do.. ....................

Do.-.----.-.... ......

St. Joseph River ...........

Location.

 ..do..................... ...... .... ......... ..........

- do. ........... .......... . ...... ....._...-......

Area.

Sq. miles. 

863

164

178

213

1,417

3,616

281

3,898

4,157

429

4,586

The drainage basin lies in a completely glaciated region, and is 

overlain with diversified drift deposits. The current of the river 

from South Bend to its mouth was formerly reversed, and this valley 

formed an outlet for the waters of Lake Michigan, which turned to 

the southwest, through Kankakee River, at South Bend, and thus 

reached the Mississippi through Illinois River. Leverett states 1 that 

there is still a well-defined river channel connecting St. Joseph River 

with the Kankakee, the surface of which, where it leaves the St. 

Joseph, is but 45 or 50 feet above the present low-water surface of 

that stream. The watershed of St. Joseph River in Michigan contains relatively little marsh land not artificially drained and relatively little uncleared land. About a third of the lakes are, however, 

without outlets. The proportion of undrained lakes in Indiana is 

smaller, and the swamp lands are much more extensive.

Elkhart River, one of the principal Indiana tributaries of the St. 

Joseph, drains an area of about 500 square miles which contains 

large lakes and extended swamp areas, with the principal fall occurring in the passage of the stream from marsh to marsh.

St. Joseph River was formerly navigable for boats as far as Elkhart, 

or perhaps above, and the older dams were provided with locks, long 

since abandoned and closed. Prof. James Du Shane is of the opinion 

that at the present time the low-water depth of the river over the rapids is from 1£ to 2 feet. A rise of 5 feet represents ordinary high 

water, and a rise of 8 feet represents extreme high water. Within the 

last twenty-two years two freshets have occurred which raised. the 

water in some portions of the river higher than here given. The average width from bank to bank is 400 feet, and the average slope from 

Elkhart to Berrien Springs is 2.1 feet to the mile.

The first water-power mill in south western Michigan was constructed 

by Eli Ford, in 1827, on Dowagiac Creek, near its confluence with St.

1 Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett: Eighteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. 

Survey, Pt. IV, p. 439.
MICHIGAN. 255

Joseph River, at Niles. This mill, known as the Volante mill, has 

been in operation since 1828. Power development on St. Joseph River 

began at a somewhat later date. T~_ie dam at Niles was built about 

1856. At South Bend the power was developed by the South Bend 

Manufacturing Company, and was sold in the form of rights to 

the flow through wheels of a certain number of square inches vent 

under the available head. The dam is 10 feet high., with lateral 

power canals on each side. Under an order of the court the water is 

to be maintained at a stage not lower than 6 inches below the crest of 

the dam. Nineteen privileges have been granted, ^ailing for a flow 

of 3,195.5 cubic feet per second under a head of 9.5 feet. Fourteen 

of these privileges are now in use. The minimum flow of the stream 

is usually considered to be 1,000 second-feet, but it is stated to have 

gone considerably lower during the months of July and August, 1895. 

At Elkhart there is a similar power development, the flow of the 

stream being divided among eleven mills. The power at Elkhart was' 

originally divided by priority, the amount being specified as so many 

runs of stone, or "sufficient for the purpose of the mill."

The following table gives the principal facts regarding water power 

in the St. Joseph River Basin, so far as reported:

Developed water powers in St. Joseph River Basin.

Stream.

St. Joseph River ... 

Do.. 

Do.-.... ... ...

Do. .... ... -

Do.. ..........

Do........ ....

Do.. ............

Do ...........

Do....-. ......

Do . .

Pawpaw River . _ . 

Do. ..............

Do....... .....

South Branch of 

Pawpaw River. 

Do.. -

Dowagiac Creek.... 

Do......-.- -

Pokagon Creek ..... 

South Branch of 

Dowagiac Creek. 

Do. -. . 

Christiana Creek... 

Elkhart River ......

Do.... ....

Do----..--.--.... 

Portage River......

Swan Creek .... .... 

Cold water River ... 

Do. . ......

Do.... ..... ......

Nottawa Creek. ....

Location.

Niles. ... ....... 

South Bend. . 

Mishawaka . .....

Constantine . . 

Three Rivers . ... 

Below Mendon .. 

Burlington ......

Watervliet ......

.....do .... .

Niles.. . - 

Above Niles . .... 

Summerville ....

.... .do..... ..... ..

Benton.. .. . 

Three Rivers 

 .do... .

Colon .... __ ....

Above Union

City.

Dam 

number.

1

2 

3 

4 

5

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

1 

2 

3 

1

2 

I 

I 

2

1 

1

2 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

I 

2

3 

3

Number 

of mills 

at dam.

2 

14 

3 

3

3

1 

1

I 

1

2 

1

1

2

I 

1 

1 

1 

1

1 

1

Effective head or fall.

Greatest.

Feet.

12.0 

11.0 

13.0

10.0

8.0 

14.0

14.0

17.0

10.0

8.5 

17.0

10.5 

15.0 

10.0 

9.0

9.0

Least.

Feet.

4.0

7.0 

6.0

6.0

6.0 

6.0

12.5

8.0

4.0 

10.0

8.5 

11.0 

5.0

6.5

Average.

Feet. 

11.0

12.0 

9.5 

10.0 

10.0

8.5

7.0 

10.0

13.5

17.0

12.0 

14.5

9.0

7.0 

14.5

9.5 

14.0 

8.0 

9.0

8.0

Rated 

power of 

water 

wheels 

reported.

Horsepower.

4,018 

2,588 

1,760 

1,920

600

89 

600

132

108

356 

715

95

60

700

297 

459 

107

52

35
256 OFEKATioisrs AT KIVEK STATIONS, 1900. PAET in. isro.49.

There are a number of undeveloped powers between the present 

dams, and projects are now formed to utilize them. The power is to 

be used largely for the generation of electricity for transmission to 

neighboring towns. A part of it will supplement the power at existing dams. At Berrien Springs, Michigan, a concrete dam 30 feet in 

height is proposed. This will make available a fall of 20 feet. Eighteen water wheels of a rated capacity of 7,500 horsepower are to be 

installed. This power is in sec. 18, T. 17 W., R. 6 S., Michigan meridian. At Bertrand, Michigan, a fall of 12 feet could be obtained by 

the construction of a suitable dam.

Two available sites for dams exist between Mishawaka and Elkhart, Indiana. The former is in sec. 11, T. 38 1ST., K. 2 E., second 

principal meridian, where a 12-foot fall is available. The width of 

the river is about 350 feet. The latter site, called the Twin Branch 

site, is in sec. 12, T. 37 X., B. 3 E., second principal meridian. A 

'dam 422 feet long is proposed at this point, which would make available a fall of 21 feet.

At Bristol. Indiana, a dam formerly existed, but it was washed out. 

A site exists in sec. 31, T. 38 N"., R. 5 E., second principal meridian, 

where a fall of 16 feet could be obtained by the construction of a dam 

600 feet in length.

At Mottville, Michigan, in sec. 6, T 8 S., R. 5 W., Michigan meridian, 

a fall of 9^ feet could be obtained by the construction of a dam 540 

feet in length.

An undeveloped water power also exists near Three Rivers, Michigan, 

in sec. 1, T. 6 S., R. 11 W., where about 9 feet fall con Id be obtainedThe available power of tributaries of St. Joseph River is of little 

value, as is indicated by the existence of numerous abandoned sites 

where d ams have been carried away by freshets. At Ligonier, Indiana, 

a dam formerly existed on Elkhart River, but it was washed out. 

There are three undeveloped powers on Pawpaw River, ic Antwerp 

Township, Van Buren County, Michigan, with falls of 9 feet, 14 feet, 

and 9 feet, respectively.

Arrangements have been made with the Berrien Springs Power 

Company for the maintenance of a record of flow of St. Joseph River 

at their plant when completed. The record will include discharge 

over the 500-foot concrete dam, and the run of water wheels, which 

will be 18 in number, arranged in sets of three pairs each. In the 

meantime a temporary gaging station has been established at the 

dam of the Berrien Springs Power Company at Buchanan, Michigan, 

10 miles above Berrien Springs. The dam is of timber, of the Beardsley gravity type, with a straight crest approximately 400 feet long. 

It is 9.83 feet high, and is built on an earth foundation.

In January, 1891, the following gaging of St. Joseph River was made 

by John F. Meighan at Leepers Bridge, 1 mile below the dam at South 

Bend:
MICHIGAN. 25.7

Discharge measurement of St. Joseph River at Leepers Bridge in January, 1891.

Elevation of water surface above city datum ....... (feet). _ 7.57

Area of cross section..-..-................... (square feet).. 1,232

Wetted perimeter . ....................... (lineal feet).. 262.91

Hydraulic mean radius . ................... ............ 4.686

Slope .. ................. ...... ....... (feet per foot).. 0.000378

Coefficient of roughness in Kutter's formula.....-...-..---. 0.030

Coefficient c in Kutter's formula---.--.----.--.--- ......... 65

Mean velocity........-..-......--..----.(feetper second) . 2.735

Discharge ...........-.._.-..-........-. ....(second-feet).. 3,369

The stated depth of extreme high water on the crest of the Mles 

dam is 5 feet, indicating a freshet discharge of about 15,000 secondfeet, or 4.5 second-feet per square mile. The extreme high-water flow 

over the Dowagiac River dam at Mles is stated to be 2 feet depth on 

the crest of the 120-foot spillway, corresponding to a flow of about 

1,200 second-feet, or 4.3 second-feet per square mile, from a drainage 

area of 281 square miles.

KALAMAZOO KIVER, MICHIGAN.

The details of the hydrography of this stream have been given in 

an earlier report. 1 

are as follows:

The drainage areas of the river and its tributaries

Drainage areas of Kalamazoo River and its tributaries.

Stream.

Do ................................

Do... ......................... ....

Do...... ....... ...............

Do .... ...........................

Do ................................

Location.

.....do ..............................................

At Plainwell. .......................... ............

Area.

Sq. miles. 

138

136

274

443

603

244

847

1,307

1,508

2,064

The accompanying table gives a summary of the developed water 

powers of the drainage basin. Most of the powers on the main stream 

are utilized. In 1898-99 a dam giving 23 feet head was built between 

Allegan and Otsego, to develop 2,000 horsepower for electrical transmission. This plant has the merit of being the first large long-distance transmission plant in the State. 2 A portion of the fall between 

this dam and Allegan is still undeveloped, and it is claimed that a 

head of 20 feet could be obtained by the construction of a dam 2 

miles above that city. Above Otsego, on the main river, there are one 

or two rapids having falls of several feet which are not yet developed.

1 Report on the run-off and water power of Kalamazoo River, by Robert E. Horton: WaterSupply and Irrigation Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 30, pp. 23-38.

2 Proc. Mich. Eng. Soc. 1900, pp. 84-91; also Engineering Record, Jan. 13,1900.
2.58 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Developed water powers in Kalamazoo River Basin.

Stream.

Kalamazoo Biver. 

Do., ....... ....

Do.... ..... .

Do.... .... ..

Do....... ......

Do... .......

Do....... ......

Do.. ....... ....

Do.. ....... ....

Do... . .........

North Branch .... 

Do.. ...... .....

Do.. ...... .....

Do. ............

Do....... ......

South Branch 

Do.... . ..

Do........... ...

Do.............

Battte Creek......

Do-.--... ..

Do-. . .......... 

Augusta Creek . . . 

Gull Lake outlet- . 

Do.. ......... ..

Do.. . ...........

Comstock Creek . . 

Portage Creek . Wilder Creek..... 

Wabasacon Creek 

Comstock Creek..

Location.

Above Allegan . ...

Battle Greek.. .....

.... do.... ..........

 ..do... ...........

Newburg Mills .... 

Bath Mills. ........

Battle Creek. _ ...

Olivet ...........

Howlandsburg . ... 

Yorkville ..........

Eckford----........

Above Comstock ..

Number 

of dam.

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1

2

Number 

of mills 

at dam.

12 

1 

5 

5

7 i i i i i i i i i i

2 

1 

. 1 

1

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1

1

Effective head or fall.

Greatest.

Feet.

12

14

18 

13 

12

12

Least.

Feet.

10

12

ir

12 

10

Average.

Feet.

23.0 

13.0 

9.0 

12.0

8.0 

6.0 

13.0

9.0 

10.0

12.0 

6.0

18.0 

13.0 

11.0 

20.0 

11.5

33.0

Bated 

power 

of water 

wheels 

reported

Horsepower. 

1,150 

2,000 

1,725 

786 

469

289 

(«) 

200 

J18

33 

118 

55

69 

214 

80 

136

86

260

81 

70 

80

22

35

a Undershot water wheel.

It is stated that a dam could be built 1 mile above the mouth of 

Swan Creek, which enters Kalamazoo River 8 miles below Allegan, 

and a head of 40 feet be obtained.

During a portion of 1900 a daily record of the river stage was kept 

at Kalamazoo, the results of which are given on the following page. 

Earlier records will be found in Water-Supply Paper No. 30, page 36. 

Arrangements have been made for the maintenance of a gaging record 

at the electric-power dam at Trowbridge, 6 miles above Allegan. The 

plant includes four pairs of 45-inch Leffel-Sampson turbines on horizontal shafts. The gate opening and discharge of two pairs are controlled by Lombard governors. The excess of flow not taken by the 

turbines is discharged over a spillway having three Taintor flood 

gates, each 20 feet long. The spillways have flat crests 20 feet in 

width, with slopes of 1 to 1 on the upstream and downstream faces. 

The discharge on the downstream side is received on a floating apron 

20 feet in width, which is anchored to the flood-gate cribs by chains.
MICHIGAN. 259

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kalamazoo River at foot of Sheldon street, Kalamazoo, Michigan, for 1900.

Day.

6......

7. ......

8......

9...... 

10......

Sept.

68.45

68.33

68.26 "&8.~i5~

Day.

11.......

12.......

13.......

14. ....... 

15.......

Sept.

68.20

68.15

68.00

67.90 

68.03

Day.

IK.......

17.......

18.... 

19....... 

20.......

Sept.

68.05

67.90 

67.90

Day.

21.......

22.......

23

24....... 

25.......

Sept.

........

Day.

26.......

27

28

29....... 

30........

Sept.

67.90

NOTE. On August 9 the gage height was 68.50 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kalamazoo River at Gull street, Kalamazoo, Michigan,

for 1901.

Day.

16...... 

17......

18......

19......

Mar.

69.86

70.10

70.75

Day.

20....... 

21.......

Mar.

71.10

71.72

f 72.12

\ 71.97

Day.

23....... 

24

25.......

Mar.

71.87 

71.66

71.53

Day..

26.......

27.......

28.......

Mar.

71.40

71.48

Day.

29....... 

30.......

31.......

Mar.

71.27

NOTE. Gage height on April 1 was 70.04 feet, and on April 12, 68.02 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kalamazoo River at extension of Paterson street, 

Kalamazoo, Michigan, for 1900.

Day.

I....... 

2....... 

3....... 

4..-. 

5.......

Sept.

68.71 

68.54 

68.47 

68.41

Day.

6. ...... 

7.......

8. ...... 

9.......

10.......

Sept.

68.10 

68.23 

68.10 

68.10

67.99

Day.

11....... 

12....... 

13....... 

14.......

15. ......

Sept.

67.90

Day.

16....... 

17....... 

18....... 

19.......

20.......

Sept.

--------

Day.

21. ...... 

22 

23... .."

Sept.

68.20 

67.98 

67.94 

68.09

STREAMS OF NORTHERN PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN.

The streams of the northern peninsula of Michigan are contrasted 

with those of the southern portion of the State by their steep slopes, 

rocky channels, and occasional waterfalls. They possess numerous 

water powers, which are almost wholly undeveloped, and many of 

which are in close proximity to the mining centers of the iron and 

copper region. Arrangements are being made for the establishment 

of a gaging station on one of the larger streams.

On Ontonagon River at Glenns Falls a head of 100 feet could be 

obtained, which would yield an estimated minimum of 4,500 horsepower. This is in sec. 31, T. 50 1ST., R. 31 W., about three-fourths of 

a mile south of the Victoria mine. Ontonagon River is the largest 

Lake Superior tributary in Michigan. It extends entirely across the 

northern peninsula, and finds its headwaters in a region of numerous 

small lakes near the Wisconsin-Michigan line. Its fall is mostly concentrated in the short stretch between the summit of the Michigan 

Range at Rockland and its entrance to Lake Superior at Ontonagon.
260 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PAflT III. ' [NO 49.

Owing to the lack of a map on suitable scale, the drainage area can 

not at present be estimated.

Dead River, tributary to Lake Superior at Marquette, possesses a 

fall of 850 feet in a distance of 10 miles.

Much of the southern slope of the upper peninsula drains into 

Menominee River, a tributary of Green Bay. A report on that river 

was published in the Tenth Census of the United States. 1 Other 

streams possessing good falls and opportunities for lake storage in the 

region of their headwaters are the Escanaba, Manistique, Michigainme, 

and Tahquemenon rivers.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

Records of gage heights are maintained by the United States Weather 

Bureau at St. Paul, and are furnished to the Geological Survey. The 

station is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 194.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minnesota, for J:>00.

Day.

1-.. ..........

g

3..............

4... ...... .....

5. ...... .......

6 ..............

7..............

8. .............

9.... .......

10..............

11 ..............

12 ........... ...

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17 ............. .

18..............

19..............

20..............

21

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26

27........ ......

28..............

 7Q

30. ............. 

31 ..............

Jan.

a4.4

a3.9

a 3. 8

.......

.......

a3.6

Feb.

a6.3

ffl5.1

3.5

.......

a3.3

.......

Mar,

a3.2

a3.7

"a 3." 7~

Apr.

3.4

3.0

3.2

3.7

3.8

4.6

5.6

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.3

4 2

4.1

4.0

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.0 

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

May.

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.S

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.5

2 7

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.8

2.8

3 2

3.3 

3.3

Jiine.

3.2

3.0

2.9

2 7

2.6

2.5

2 4

2.4

2.4

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1 2

1.2

1 2

1 2

L2

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

Q

.8

July.

o.s

.7

1.0

2.0

2.6

2.9

2 9

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2 8

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.3

2 2

2.2

2 3

2.2 

2 1

1.8

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.0 

1.0

Aug.

1.1

1.2

1 2

1 2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.5

2.2

2.8

2.9

3.5

3.7

4.0

4 2

4.3

4 2

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.7 

3.9

4.1

4.5

4.7

5.0

5.4

5.5

5.4

Sept.

5.4

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.0

3.9

4.2

4.4

5.3

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.2

5.5

5.7

5.9 

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

Oct.

5.8

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.3

6.5

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.8

 4.8 

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.5

4.6

4.5 

4.3

Nov.

4. P;

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4 2

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.5

2.7

2 1

2.0

2.0

2 1

2.1

2 1

2.0 

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.8

2 1

2.0

2.0

Dec.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 2

2.3

2.3

2 3

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.4

3.6

3.5

2.8

1.8

2.6

2.4

3.T

3.3

3.0

2.7

2 4

2.3 «.&

(b)

(M

(b)

(b)

(b)

(&) 

a2.1

a Approximate; river frozen. b River frozen. 

WEST GALLATIN RIVER NEAR SALESVILLE, MONTANA.

This station, which was established in July, 1895, is located at the 

highway bridge crossing the stream about 5 miles south of Salesville. 

It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 195. Results of 

measurements for 1899 will be found in the. Twenty-first Annual

1 Vol. XVil, Water Power, Pt.II,pp. 71-81.
MONTANA. 261

Report, Part IV, page 184. During 1900 the following discharge 

measurements were made under the direction of Samuel Fortier:

Discharge measurements of West Gallatin River near Salesville, Montana.

Date.

1900. 

May 23 ...........................

Do ...........................

June 24. ..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.86

5.90

5.90

4.72

4.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,944

3,727

3,796

2 028

2,039

Date.

1900. 

July 13 ......._-...._-....--.. 

Do-........ ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.61

3.60

3.10

3.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

871

843

513

526

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Gallatin River near Salesville, Montana, for

1900. ... _.

Day. '

1. ............. ...........

Z.. ................. ......

^.. .......................

4. .................... .... 

5.. ................. ......

6.........................

1. ........................

S. .................. ......

9-. ................. ......

10.. .................... ...

11. .................. ......

13..... ......... ........

14..... ....................

15..... ....................

16. .......................

17-. ................... ....

18..... ........ ............ 

19 ........................

20-...... .......... .....

21. ........................

23....... .............. ....

23.........................

24.........................

25.........................

26.........................

27

28.........................

29......................... 

30.........................

31.........................

Jan.

3.40

......

3.30

3.20

......

3.20

3.20

......

Feb.

H.W

3.00

3.20

3.10

......

Mar.

......

3.10

3.10

......

3.10

3.30

......

Apr.

3.30

3.40

3.40

3.40 

3.50

3.60

^ sn

3.60

3.50

3.50

3.50

3 50

3.50

3 VI

3 50

3.60

3.50

3.60 

3. TO

3.85

4.00

4.15

4.35

4.05

^ on

4.00

4 00

4.10

4.10 

4.00

May.

4.00

4.10

4.25

4.50 

4.70

5.15

4.95

5.05

5.15

5.55

6.05

6.05

5.55

5.30

5.35

5.15

5.15

5.30 

5.00 i in

n i";

5.40

H AS

5.65

c; 7n

6.25

6.75

6.90

6.45 

6.45

6.05

June.

6.15

5.80

6.40

6.60 

6.65

6.90

6.55

6.30

6.15

6.45

5.50

5.55

5.55

5.75

5.50

5.30

5.15 

5.20

5.35

5.30

5.20

5 20

5.20

4.70

4.70

4 40

4.20

4.20 

4.10

July.

4.10

4.10

3.90

3.70 

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.60

3.60

3.60

3 50

3 fLO

3.50

3.40

3.40

3.40 

3.40

3 40

3.30

3.40

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.35

3.30

3.20

3.28

3.30

Aug.

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.23 

3.23

3.10

 ? 10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.13 "s.'io"

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.13

3.13

3.20

3.15

3.15

3.15 

3.10

3.00

Sept.

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.20 

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.15

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.90

3.00

3.00

3.10

3.00

3.00

3.10 

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.00

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.20

3.10 

3.13

Oct.

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.20 

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10 

3.10

3.10

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.00

2.90

3.90 

3.00

3.00

Nov.

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10 

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.00

2.90

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.90 

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2 80

2.80

2.80

2,80 

2.80

Dec.

2.80

2.80

2.85

2.90 

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.80 

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.85

2 85

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80 

2.80

2.78

MIDDLE CEEEK NEAR BOZEMAN, MONTANA.

This station, which was established August 3, 1895, is located in 

Middle Creek Canyon, 9 miles from Bozeman. It is described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 36, page 196. Results of measurements for 

1899 will be found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 

183. During 1900 the following measurements of discharge were 

made under the direction of Samuel Fortier:

May 23: Gage height, 0.57 foot; discharge, 211 second-feet. 

June 5: Gage height, 0.90 foot; discharge, 366 second-feet. 

June 18: Gage height, 0.60 foot; discharge, 248 second-feet. 

June 24: Gage height, 0.60 foot; discharge, 241 second-feet. 

July 7: Gage height, 0.26 foot; discharge, 104 second-feet. 

August 15: Gage height, 0.02 foot; discharge, 51 second-feet.

IRR 49 01 5
262 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Middle Creek near Bozeman, Montana, for 1900.

Day.

l

2

3. ........ ........ 

4.................

5.. .... .... . 

6. ........... .....

7. ................

8. ............ .... 

9................. 10. .:.......... ....

n. ................

12

13.................

14__. ...............

15.................

16.................

June.

......

......

......

......

July.

0.30

.30

.30 

.30

.30 

30

.20

.30 

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30 

30

.30

.30

Aug.

0.10

.10

.10 

.10

.30 

.10

.10

.10 

.10

.05

.05

04

.03 

.03

.02

.02

Sept.

0.00

00

.00 

.00

.00 

.00

.00

.00 

00

00

.00

 00

.00 

.00

00

.00

Oct.

0.00

.00

.00 

00

.00 

00

00

.00 

00

00

00

00

.00

Day.

17.................

18. ............... -

19.......-........;

20........ .........

21...... ...........

22

33... ...........

24................. 

25

26... .......... ....

27.. .......... ......

28.................

29. ................ 

30.................

31......... ..... 

June.

6.60

.50 

.60

.80 

.60

.90

.60 

.60

.50

.50

.50

.40 

.30

July.

0.30

.20

.30 

.30

.10 

.10

.10

.10 

30

.10

.10

.30

.10 

.10

.10

Aug.

0.02

03

.02 

03

.02 

.01

.01

.01 

.01

,01

.01

.01

.01 

.00

.00

Sept.

0.00

.00

.01 

.01

.01 

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 

00

Oct.

......

......

......

......

NOTE. This station was discontinued in 1899, but was reopened on June 18,1900. It was closed 

for the winter on October 13. '

GALLATIN RIVER AT LOGAN, MONTANA.

This station, which was established August 24, 1893, by F. H. 

Newell, is located on the bridge of the Northern Pacific Railroad 

crossing the river at Logan. It is described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 36, pages 197 and 198, where will also be found the results of 

measurements for 1899. During 1900 the following measurements of 

discharge were made under the direction of Samuel Fortier:

Discharge measurements of Gallatin River at Logan, Montana.

Date.

1900. 

May 29..... ....................

June 28 ........................

July 16. ........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.91

2.32

1.51

1.22

.40

Discharge.

Sec. -feet. 

4,630

1,966

1,066

744

239

Date.

1900.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.62

.77

1.00

1.00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

349

445

600

596
MONTANA. 263 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Gallatin River at Logan, Montana, for 1900.

Day.

1.... .... .................

2

3.-.. ....................

4 . .

5.........................

6.........................

7.........................

8. .......................

9 .........

10..... .................. ..

11.........................

13.......... ...............

13.-.......-...-.-.., .

14... ......................

15.. ...................... .

16.. ...... ...... ...........

17 ... ..--. - 

18....... ........ ......

19......... ............... .

20... ...._....... ......

21............... ..........

W. ................. .......

23

24

25..... ........... ........ .

36....... ..................

37.........................

28

29.... .................... .

W. ........................

^l..... ....................

Jan.

1 30

1.30

1.30

1.50

1.50

Feb.

1.50

'(a)

1 50

Mar.

1.80

1.40

1.50

Apr.

1.40

1 40

1.40

1 40

1.40

1 40

1.40

1,40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1 40

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.60

1.80

i on

2.00

2 05

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

May.

2.00

2.00

2.05

2.30

2.30

2.50

2 80

2.70

2 80

3.05

3.35

3.60

3.70

3.25

3.15

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.05

3.30

3.40

3.75

4 00

4.00

3.60

3.70

June.

3.50

3.50

3.70

3.70

3.75

3.90

3.85

3.60

3.40

3.25

2.75

2.50

2.50

2.35

2.15

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.70

1 7n

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

July.

1.00

.90

.90

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.70

.60

.60

.50

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

40

40

.40

.40

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

Aug.

0.50

m

.50

in

m

.50

.50

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

60

.60

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

Sept.

0.70

.70

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

Oct.

0.90

.90

.90

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1 00

1.00

] 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Nov.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.15

1.35

1 50

1.55

1.50

1 40

1 30

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10

1 10

1,10

Dec.

1.10

MO

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1 00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

(a)

(a)

a Frozen. 

MADISON RIVER NEAR REDBLUFF, MONTANA.

This station, which was established May 2, 1897, is located 4 miles 

below the Redbluff iron county bridge over the river and 1£ miles 

below the mouth of Cherry Creek. It is described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 37, page 205. Results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 186. During 1900 the following measurements of discharge were made under 

the direction of Samuel Fortier. Cherry Creek flows into Madison 

River between the gage and the point where the river is measured, and 

its discharge should, therefore, be added to that of the river in order 

to obtain the total discharge at the gage.

Discharge measurements of Madison River near Redbluff, Montana.

Date.

1900.

Do .........................

Do ............... ..........

Do .........................

Jnne25.. .......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.57

2.53

1.92

1.92

1.85

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

4 412

a 146

4,237

2,715

2,848

2,610

Date.

1900. 

June 35.. .......... ..... 

June 36. . .. 

July 13.. .... .... ... . ......

Do-.... .-............... 

Do.-...... ... ..........

G-age 

height.

Feet.

1.79

1.40

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

a 49

2,486

1,597

a7

1.434

o9

a Cherry Oreek.
264 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Madison River near Redbluff, Montana, for 1900.

Day.

1-.. .. ............ .....

2-.... ....................

3.-.. . ........... ......

4. ................... ..... 

5.... .................

6...............:.... ....

7.... ................. .... 

8. . ...- - 

9.........................

10.........................

11.....-.. ...... ....

13..... ....................

13. - -. ._..... 

14 . ...... .............. .

15 .. ..........

16 .

17 .. .

18-. ...................

19.. ....................

20-..... ...... ..........

21..... .... ..... .. ...... 

22 . . ....... .

23........-. ............

24

26

26 ..... ........ ... .

27-.-....- . ........ ....

28.......- .............

29............ ..... ........

30.... ___. _ . ....

31... ...................

Jan.

(«)

......

(a)

(a)

(a)

Feb.

(a)

......

(a)

"(a)"

Mar.

(a)

......

Too'

1 00

Too"

1.00

Apr.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.30 

1.30 1 SO

1.40 

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.82

May.

2.00

2 25

2.40

2.40 

2.45

3

qfi

2.35 

2.40

2.45

2.50

2.62

3.70

2.80

2.70

2.55

2.45

2.30

2 25

2.10

2.20

2.23 

2.20

2 25

2.37

2.45

2.60

2.80

2.90

3.00

3 00

295

June.

2.70

2.50

2.80

2.80 

2.88 9 Qft

2.90 

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.70

2.65

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.50

1.85

1.80

1.70

1.70 

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

July.

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50 

1.50 i fin

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

Aug.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1 40

1.40 

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

Sept.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1 40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.30

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Oct.

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Nov.

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.40 

1.40 1 40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

Dec.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

a Frozen. 

JEFFERSON RIVER AT SAPPINGTON, MONTANA.

This station, which was established by Arthur P. Davis in 1894, is 

located on the bridge of the Northern Pacific Railroad crossing the 

river at Sappington. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, 

pages 206 and 207, where will also be found the results of measurements for 1899. During 1900 the following measurements of discharge 

were made under the direction of Samuel Fortier:

Discharge measurements of Jefferson River at Sappington, Montana.

Date.

1900! 

May 31 ...... .._.... .......

June 23-... ...... ............

June 28...... ......... .........

G-age 

height.

Feet. 

5.01

3.83

3.46

3.00

Dis 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,918

3,593

3,2iO

2,279

Date.

1900. 

July 16. .............. ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.92

1.57

2.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

844

5»9

1,586
MONTANA. 265 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Jefferson River at Sappington, Montana, for 1900.

Day.

1. ............... ....

2.. ..................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9....................

10....................

11. ............... ....

13. ................

13....................

14....................

15. ................. ..

16...... .............. 17. ...................

18.. .................

19....................

20....................

21 ................

22

23....................

24....................

25....................

26....................

27

28....................

29

30....................

31....................

Mar.

(«)

(«)

(«)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

3.00

2.80

2.80

2 80

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.80

2.90

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.05

2.95

2.80

2.70

2.70

Apr.

2.80

2.90

3.15

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.45

3.30

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.40

3.40

350

3.60

3.65

3.75

3.80

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.90

May.

3.90

3.90

4.00

4.05

4.20

4.35

4.55

4.65

4.85

5.05

5 25

5.50

6.10

6.40

6.55

6.60

6.45

6.25

6.10

5.95

5.80

5.75

5.55

5.50

5.40

5.35

5.30

5.30

5.40

5.30

5.15

June.

5.00

4.90

4.80

4.90

5.00

4.00

4.90

4.90

4.70

4.60

4.50

4.20

4.00

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

3.90

3.65

3.30

3.20

3.10

3.00

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.80

July.

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2 /in

2.40

2.30

2.30

2 20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

Aug.

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.50

1.50

Sept.

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.85

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

Oct.

2.10

2.20

2.25

2.33

2.40

2.43

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.50

Nov.

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.50

2.50

Dec.

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2 60

2.60

2 60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.50

2 50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

a The river was frozen from January 1 to March 9, inclusive. 

MISSOURI RIVER AT TOWNSBND, MONTANA.

Observations of gage heights are maintained at this place by the 

Missouri River Commission, and the results are furnished to the Geological Survey by the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. The 

heights given are the means of two daily readings expressed in feet 

above the St. Louis directrix, which is 412.73 feet above the mean 

Gulf level. The figures 3,300 have been omitted from the record, so 

that it is necessary to add that amount to the daily observations to 

obtain the elevation of the water surface above the St. Louis datum. 

A description of this station will be found in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 37, page 208. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in 

the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 187. During 1900 the 

following discharge measurements were made under the direction of 

Samuel Fortier:

Discharge measurements of Missouri River at Townsend, Montana.

Date.

1900. 

May28 .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

92.10

90.65

90.16

89.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

15,982

8,871

7,797

4,534

Date.

1900. 

July 17..... ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

88.53

88.30

88.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,296

1,955

3,419
266 OPEKATIONS AT KIVER STATIONS, 1900. PAET HI. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Missouri River at Townsend, Montana, for 1900.

Day. Jan.

10.

13...... .............. ....

14. .....-..-......_-......

15.......... ..............

16. .......................

17.. .....................

18.. ...................

19................ .......

30..... ............ ..-...-

21...... .......... .....

23....... .......... ....

23.. .................. ....

24................ .........

25. .......................

27.

28. 

39.

30.

31.

93.0

93.0

92.9

92.5

92.5

91.5

91.4

89.5

89.5

89.4

89.3

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

80.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.1

89.0

89.0

Feb.

88.8

89.0

93.3

93.3

93.1

93.1

93.2

93.2

93.3

92.3

93.1

93.1

92.1

93.1

93.1

93.1

92.1

Mar.

92.0

90.0

90.0

93.7

93.7

93.7

93.7

93.4

90.4

90.5

90.7

90.5

90.3

89.9

89.5

89.3

89.3

89.3

89.3

89.2

89.3

89.3

89.4

89.4

89.5

89.5

89.5

89.6

89.5

89.3

89.2

Apr.

9.7

89.8

89.7

89.5

89.5

9.7

89.9

90.1

90.2

90.3

90.3

90.3

90.3

90.3

90.3

May. June..July. Aug.

90.4

90.5

90.5

90.6

90.6

90.7

90.9

91.2

91.4

91.6

91.8

92.3

92.3

92.4

92.4

92.3

92.2

92.1

92.1

91.9

91.9

91.8

91.7

91.7

91.7

91.7

91.8

92.1

93.3

92.2

92.1

91.8

91.7

91.7

91.8

91.8

91.8

91.7

91.7

91.7

91.5

91.2

90.9

90.7

90.6

90.5

90.5

90.5

90.5

90.4

90.3

90.2

90.0

89.9

89.8

89.7

89.6

89.4

89.4

89.3

89.3

89.2

89.1

89.0

88.9

88.8 

88.8 

88.8 

88.7 

88.7 

88.6 

88.4 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3 \al

Sept.

a88.2 

88.3 

88.3 

88.3

88.3

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.4

88.5

Oct. Nov.

88.9

88.9

88.9

88.9

88.9

88.9

Dec.

90.5

90.5

90.3

90.0

90.7

90.0

89.5

89.2

89.0

88.9

88.8

88.7

88.6

88.6

88.6

88.7

88.7

88.6

88.7

88.8

88.9

88.8

88.7

88.7

88.7

88.6

88.5

88.4

88.2

87.9

87.9

a Approximate; no readings received. 

CHOW CEEEK, MONTANA.

Crow Creek, a tributary of Missouri River, is in Jefferson County, 

Montana. Its headwaters are at an elevation of between 7,000 and 

8,000 feet above sea level. It flows in a southeasterly direction for 

about 25 miles, and empties into Missouri River 33 miles below Toston, 

at an elevation of about 4,000 feet.

At the foot of the mountains the valley is approximately 12 milessquare. About half of it is owned by the residents, and approximately 

a third of the land owned is being irrigated, though perhaps scantily 

at times. This leaves without water about 70,000 acres, the greater 

part of it the choice land of the valley and, according to the farmers, 

who have made efforts in that direction, well adapted to the raising of 

hay, grain, and fruit crops. The only apparent source of water supply for this vast tract of uncultivated land is small storage reservoirs 

on Crow Creek, at points along the canyon where the valley widens 

sufficiently to permit their construction. From the best information 

obtainable from those familiar with the canyon, the largest of these 

valleys is from a fourth to a half mile wide and about 2 miles long. 

On October 13, 1900, the flow of Crow Creek at the mouth of the canyon, 5 miles above Radersburg, Montana, was, by actual measurement, 16 second-feet. On the same date the discharge at the bridge 

1 mile below the canyon was also 16 second-feet. The high-water 

flow lasts from four to six weeks, with an occasional summer flood, 

and is confined in a channel having an average width of from 25 to 30-
MONTANA. 267

feet, with vertical banks of from 4 to 5 feet on either side, and a fall 

of 58.7 feet to the mile.

MILK RIVER AT HAVRE, MONTANA.

This station, which was established by C. C. Babb on May 15, 1898, 

is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 209. Results of 

measurements for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first Annual 

Report, Part IV, page 189. During 1900 the following measurements 

of discharge were made by C. W. Ling:

Discharge measurements of Milk River at Havre, Montana.

Date.

1900. 

April 21 ........................

April 36..... ... ..........-

April 27. .......................

Do .................. ......

May3...... ...... -..-. 

Mav7

Maw 11

May 15. ....... ...... ...... .....

Mayl7 . - .

May 18. ............ ............

MayUl..... ...................

June 27. ........................

JiilyS..-....:....--..-. ......

July 10.. .......................

July 18. ........ ...............

July 25. .......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.90

3.30

3.00

3.07

3.20

2.70

2.40

2.60

4 00

5.20

4.50

3.40

3.00

2.60

2.40

2.20

2.10

1.90

2.00

1.70

1.50

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

242 '

327 !

302 '

314 ; 390

309

9O7

260

863

1,651

1 112

414

312

185

142

117

108

76

93

30

14

Date.

1900.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1 40

i in

2.60

2.40

1 60

1.60

1.50

1.70

2.00

2.50

1.90

2 20

2.00

3.10

2.90

2.60

2.90

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12

13

182

145

27

27

23

48

80

142

50

97

84

314

236

157

265

129

114

96

63

Daily gage height, in feet, of Milk River at Havre, Montana, for 1900.

Day.

1. ..........................

2

3.- .- . .- - 

4.. ..................... ....

5....... ............ -.-....

6.. ..................... -..-

7... .................... ....

8.... ' . ---.- --.

9. ....................... ...

10..- -- - 

11....... .............. ..-..

12-.-.-.-.-.-- -.-.- ....

13-. ................. ........

U.. .........................

15-...... .................

16------.-..-. ... ----------

17--- ........ ......... 

18-. ......... . . .

1Q

20

21

22

23

24--. .... ................

25

ae. ..........................

27--.... ......... ............

28

29.. ..................... ....

30.. ....................... ..

31....... ........ ............

Apr.

3.40

3.40

3.70

' 3.60

3.60

3.40

3.30

 3.00

3.20

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

3.10

3.30

3.30

2.90

3.10

2.90

3.00

May.

3.10

3.30

3.20

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.40

2.40

2.60

4.00

5.10

4.60

4.10

3.70

3.60

3.90

3.60

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.10

2.90

3.00

2.90

3.00

June.

3.10

3.00

2.90

2.70

2.70.

2.70

2.70

2.60

2.60

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.40

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.00

July.

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

Aug.

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.40

2.75

2.65

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.90

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1 60

Sept.

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.70

1.70

1.80

2.00

2.10

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.00

220

2.20

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

2.00

Oct.

2.00

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.40

3.10

3.10

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.80

2.90

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20

Nov.

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.00

1.90

2.20

2.40

2.20

2.50

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

Dec.

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.60

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

a Frozen.
268 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

YELLOWSTONE RIVER NEAR LIVINGSTON, MONTANA.

This station, which was established May 2, 1897, is located at the 

highway bridge over the Yellowstone o miles south of Livingston. It 

is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, pages 210 and 211, where 

will also be found the results of measurements for 1899. * During 1900 

the following measurements were made under the direction of Samuel 

Fortier:

Discharge measurements of Yellowstone River hear Livingston, Montana.

Date.

1900. 

May 25 .......................

Do .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.08

3.15

4 30

4.08

3 40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,917

8,482

13,552

11,835

9,094

Date.

1900. 

July 14 ... ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.76

.75

11

.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,623

3,160

1,710

1,599

Daily gage height, in feet, of Yellowstone River near Livingston, Montana, for

1900.

Day.

1. .............

3...... ........

3..... . --------

4...... ....... .

5...... .........

6. ......... ....

1.. ............

8. ......... ....

9..............

10..............

11........ .......

13..............

13....... .

14...... . .

15...... ....

16...... ....

17.-........ .

18.... ..........

19..............

20

21-.....- 

23..............

33

34..............

35

26..............

37...... .-..

28.... . .......

29..............

30....... -..

31...... ........

Jan.

-0.85

-0.80

-0.90

Feb.

(«)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

Ca)

(a)

(«)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

-0.90

n oft

Mar.

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

 0 Oft

 1 00

-1.00

Apr.

-1.00

- .90

- .80

70

- .70

- .70

- .50

.20

- .30

- .60

60

 60

 - 60

1.1

.55

- .60

 60

 60

- .50

- .30

00

.20

.65

.40

.40

.30

.20

.30

.40

.35

May.

0.30

.60

71

1 40

1.75

2.30

2 20

3 IK

2.67

3.35

3

70

4 00

3.40

2.78

2.30

2 38

o ift

2.40

2.17

2.35

2.38

2.55

2.73

2.90

3.03

3.65

4 20

4.65

4.38

3.98

3.80

June.

3.80

4.00

4.30

4 30

4.35

4.70

4.75

4.38

4.60

3.95

3.85

3

ITK

3.70

4.05

4 35

4.20

4.13

3.90

3.80

S on

3.90

3.95

3.88

3.73

3.68

3.60

3.43

3.23

3.10

3.03

July.

2.80

2.68

2.55

2 50

2.40

2.30

2 33

3

10

3.10

2.03

1

QK

1.88

1.80

1.73

1.70

1.63

1.55

1.53

1.50

1 45

1.40

1.38

1.30

1.35

1.30

1.20

1.30

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

Aug.

0.95

.90

.88

80

.75

.75

.70

.70

.65

.6011

in

.50

45

45

.40

.35

.30

.30

35

25

.35

20

.20

.30

.2011

.15

.10

.05

.00

Sept.

-0.05

- .05

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .15

11

- .20

- .30

25

 25

 35

 35

- .30

- .33

- .35

- .35

- .30

- .30

- .35

- .35

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .43

 45

- 45

 45

- .45

Oct.

-0.45.

- .43

- .40

 43

- .45

- .45

- .45

48

- .50

- .53

- .55

- .60

- .60

- .60

- .65

- .60

- .60

- .60

- .60

- .65

- .60

- .65

- .60

- .60

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .70

- .70

Nov.

-0.70

- .70

- .70

- .70

- .70

- .70

- .73

.75

- .75

- .80

- .88

- .90

- .83

 80

R1

- .75

- .83

- .95

(a)

(a)

(a)

(ai

(a)

-1.10

-1.08

- .90

- .85

- .90

-1.00

-1.00

Dec.

-0.95

- .88

- .90

on

- .90

- .90

- .90

on

- .90

- .90

on

- .90

-1.10

 1 00

i no

-1.00

-1.00

1.00

-1.00

-1.00

-1.00

-1.00

-1.20

-1.10

-1.15

1.15

-1.35

-1.35

(a)

a Frozen. 

MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS IN MONTANA.

During the year the following miscellaneous measurements of 

streams in Montana were made by Messrs. F. E. and G. H. Matthes:
WYOMING.

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of streams in Montana.

269

Date.

1900.

May 33. .......

May 29 ........

May 28 - -.J

May 24. ....... 

May 26. .......

Do ........

Stream.

.....do ....... _ ............

.'.ir-do ......................

.....do......................

Middle Fork of MilkRiver

North Fork of Cutbank

River.

..... do... ............... ....

.....do. .....................

.....do .-..........------....

.....do......................

Locality.

.... _do. .......................

.....do...... ..................

Lake.

FordatPiegan ..............

Hydrographer.

F. E. Matthes.

G.H. Matthes.

.....do... .....

F. E. Matthes.

.....do. ........

.....do.........

.....do.........

.....do...... 

.....do. ........

.....do.... .....

.....do.........

.....do.. .......

. .. .do. ........

.....do......... 

.... .do. ....... .

.....do. ........

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,294

750

552

750

12

31

488

231

390

1,067

1,261

562

273 

387

392

BIGHORN RIVER NEAR THERMOPOLIS, WYOMING.

This station, which was established by A. J. Parshall 011 Maj^ 28, 

1900, is located about a half mile west of Thermopolis, at the ferry 

crossing the river. The gage, which consists of a horizontal rod 

extending out over the water, is fastened to a post set firmly in the 

bank. On the horizontal stick is attached the wire gage by means of 

which the heights of the river are recorded. The bench mark is the 

head of a nail in a stick driven in the ground 1 foot south of the post 

to which the gage rod is fastened and 2.58 feet below the top of the 

gage frame. The bench mark is 9.08 feet above gage datum. Discharge measurements have been made from a ferryboat, but during 

the coming season they will be made from the bridge which has 

recently been erected. The channel is straight for a distance above 

and below the station. Both banks are high and not subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is of gravel, and shifts during only 

extreme high water. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 211. During 1900 the following 

discharge measurements were made by A. J. Parshall:

May 28: Q-age height, 4.01 feet; discharge, 8,500 second-feet. 

May 29: Q-age height, 5.00 feet; discharge, 10,527 second-feet. 

May 30: Q-age height, 5.40 feet; discharge, 12,187 second-feet. 

September 13: Gage height, 0.60 foot; discharge, 945 second-feet. 

September 18: Gage height, 0.45 foot; discharge, 674 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bighorn River near Thermopolis, Wyoming, for 1900.

Day.

1 ..

2...... 

3 

4......

5...... 

6......

7 ...... 

8...... 

9...... 

10...... 

11......

June,

4.00 

4.30 

4.45 

5.00

4.85 

4.80 

5.70 

6.60 

5.90 

5.85 

5.45

July.

3.40 

3.30 

3.30 

3.20

3.20 

3.10 

3.20 

3.15 

3.00 

2.80 

2.80

Aug.

1.55 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

1.80 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

Sept.

1.20 

1.20 

1.10 

1.00 i.oo-

.90 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.70

Day.

12.....

13..... 

14..... 

15.....

16.....

17.....

18..... 

19.....

20.....

21.....

22

June.

5.20 

4.65 

4.30 

4.10 

4.00 

3.80

3.60 

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.90

July.

2.65 

2.55 

2.45 

2.25 

2.20 

2.20

2.10 

2.05

1.95

1.70

1 60

Aug.

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

1.80 

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

Sept.

0.70 

.60 

.55 

.50 

......

......

Day.

23

24.. 

25.....

26.....

27..... 

28 .....

29..... 

30.._..

31.....

June.

4.10

4.45

5.00 

5.25 

5.00

4.35 

3.50

July.

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60 

1.60 

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.60

Aug.

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.30 

1.30

1.20 

1.20

1.20

Sept.

......
270 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

CLEAR CREEK NEAR BUFFALO, WYOMING.

This station was established by the State engineer of Wyoming. A 

measuring flume was erected in order that accurate measurements of 

discharge might be obtained. Owing to the stability of the station it 

has not been necessary to make discharge measurements at this place, 

the computations being made from the rating table established several years ago. The station is described in Water-Supply Paper No: 

37, page 212. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in the 

Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 191. Owing to the diversions of water which have taken place within the basin, of late years 

this station has not been considered as important as formerly, and it 

was discontinued on March 11,1900, no measurements of discharge 

being made during that year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Clear Creek near Buffalo, Wyoming, for 1900.

Day.

I.......

2.......

3.......

4..--...

5.......

7-. 

8-..--.

10--- .

11. ......

Jan.

0.40

.40

.40

.37

.37

.37

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

Feb.

0.30

.30

.30

 .30

.30

.30

.30

30

.30

30

.30

Mar.

0.30

30

.30

.30

.35

.35

Day.

12

13......

14......

15......

16- 

17. 

18.. 

19......

20

21......

22

Jan.

0.35

.35

.35

.35

32

32

.32

.30

on

.30

.30

Feb.

0.30

.3p

30

.30

.30

.30

30

.30

.30

.30

.30

Mar. Day.

23

24......

25

26......

27

28......

29......

30......

31. .

Jan.

 0.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

Feb.

0.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

Mar.

BIG SIOUX RIVER NEAR WATERTOWN, SOUTH DAKOTA.

Big Sioux River rises in Grant County, South Dakota, about 30 

miles north of Watertown. Its principal headwaters drain lands constituting part of the Sisseton and Wahpeton Indian Reservation. Its 

general course is southeast, and it empties into Missouri River near 

Sioux City, Iowa. The river is of interest on account of its water 

powers, a number of which have been developed, principally at Flandreau, Dell Rapids, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and at Akron, 

Iowa. The gaging station was established by 0. V. P. Stout, the gage 

being put in September 15, 1900, by George W. Carpenter, county 

surveyor for Codington County. It is located on the farm of L. E. 

Spieer, about 4 miles above Watertown. The gage consists of an 

inclined rod securely fastened on the right bank of the stream. The 

observer is L. E. Spieer. During 1900 the following discharge measurements were made by O. V. P. Stout and G. H. Matthes:

July 17: Discharge, 5 second-feet. 

July 18: Discharge, 10 second-feet. 

. November 12: Gage height, 1.15 feet; discharge, 7 second-feet.

The measurement of July 18 was not made at the gaging station, 

but in the town.
SOUTH DAKOTA. 271

Lake Poirisett, which lies almost wholly in Hamlin County, South 

Dakota, has its outlet in Big Sioux River near Dempster, a short distance above Estelline. Immediately below the outlet of the lake a 

dam has been constructed on the Big Sioux to maintain the level of 

the lake within certain limits. A measurement of the inlet to the 

lake was made July 19, 1900, by O. V. P. Stout, and a discharge of 

16.5 second-feet was found.

Big Sioux River at the bridge west of Estelline was also measured 

by Mr. Stout on July 19, 1900, and a discharge of 16.9 second-feet 

was found.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Sioux River near Watertown, South Dakota,

for 190C

Day.

1 ......

2

3......

4......

5......

6......

1 ......

8......

9......

10......

11 ......

Sept. Oct.

1.30

1 25

1 25

1.25

Nov.

1.25

1.35

1.20

1.15

1.15

Dec.

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

Day.

12...,.

13.....

14.....

15.....

16.....

17.....

18.....

19.....

20

21...,.

22.....

Sept.

1.40

1.30

1.30

Oct.

1 25

1 25

1.25

1.25

1 25

Nov.

1.15

1.15

1.20

1 20

Dec.

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

Day.

23

24.....

25

26....,

27

28

29..-.

30.....

31.....

Sept.

1.30

1 30

1 30

1.30

Oct.

1.25

1 25

1 25

1.25

j

Nov.

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

Dec.

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.15

BIG SIOUX RIVER NEAK SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA.

This gaging station, which was established by O. V. P. Stout on 

July 21, 1900, is 2 miles west of Sioux Falls. The gage consists of an 

inclined rod securely fastened to bevel blocks supported on wellbedded cross-ties. The observer is George Beggs. During 1900 the 

following discharge measurement was made by O. V. P. Stout:

July 21: Gage height. 2.02 feet; discharge, 78 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Sioux River near Sioux Falls, South Dakota,

for 1900.

Day.

1......

2

3......

4......

5......

6......

7 ......

8......

9......

10.. ...

11 ......

Aug.

1.40

1.40

Sept.

1 20

1 20

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.30

1.40

Oct.

1.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70 i.ro i.ro

1.70

Nov.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1 80

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.80

Day.

12

13.....

14.....

15.....

16.....

17.....

18.....

19.....

20.....

21

Aug.

1.40

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

Sept.

1 40

1.40

1.30

1.50

1.40

1 40

1.50

1.50

1.50

1 40

Oct.

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.90

Nov.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

Day.

23

23

24---..

25

26

27

28

29

30.....

31.....

Aug.

1.30

1.30

1.50

1.40

1 40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

Sept.

1.40

1.60

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.50

1.50

1.70

1 60

Oct.

1.20

1.10

1 10

1.10

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.90

1.90

Nov.

MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS OF CHEYENNE RIVER 

AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.

During the year a number of measurements of Cheyenne River and 

 its tributaries were made by J. T. Stewart, as described in the table 

on the next page.
272 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Miscellaneous discharge measurements of Cheyenne River and its tributaries.

Date.

1900. 

May 14

May 17

May 39

Mav 18

May 19

May 21

Mav 15

May 31

May 15

May 39

May 17

May 29

Mav 18

June 2

Do...

May 19

TVfQ-CT 1Q

May 26

May 15

May 31

May 16

May 30

Mav 30

May 21

May 31

May 21

Do ...

May 28

May 33

May 22

May 22 

June 6

May 26

May 25

June 8

May 24

June 9

May 23

June 9

May 24

June 8

May 25

June 8

Stream.

.....do.. . . ........ -

 do -- - .

.... .do.... ............

.....do---..-....--....

... ..do... .......... ...

.....do......... ......

... ..do ........ . 

. ....do.... ......... ...

Big Oil Creek. .......

-...-do................

Little Oil Creek.....

.....do.--... ......

.-...do...-.-.....--...

-....do.--,...........

.....do..... ...........

.....do... ....... ......

Creek. 

.... -do .............

 ..do . . 

. ...do ............

.... .do... .............

.....do..... ...........

. ....do ............ ....

.. ...do .............. ...

.....do................

....-do.-. 

-. ...do. ...... ...... ...

... ..do... ..... . ...... .

 .do . ......

.....do- ...... ......

Squaw Creek ........ 

.....do __ ............

Battle Creek.........

..-..do- .. .......

.....do..... . ..........

. .do...- ........

. _ .do -----. -

.....do. . .......... .

... ..do.... ...... ......

 ..do. 

.....do.. ........ ..

.....do...... ..........

Locality.

.....do .......... ........ ..-. 

.....do .--... . - ..........

miles southeast of Buffalo Gap, 

S. Dak.

_...-do . . ..... 

.....do 

... .do . - - 

Glendale, S. Dak.... ..... ............

....-do ..-. . .- .- .

Wyo.

-...do .... 

Creek. 

..... do. .. .- - 

Gap, S. Dak.

falo Gap.

Gap.

Ouster, S. Dak..... . ......... 

S. Dak.

-...do . ... -.-. - 

Otis,S.Dak .- - .- 

.....do.. ...... .... .. .. 

.....do... . ............ ........ ......

 do. . - - . 

. do-.... ...... ... -.. ...-

Dak. 

..-. do-. ...... .. 

City, S. Dak. 

 do . . -.. .

Hydrographer.

JohnT.Stewavt.

.... .do..... . ......

....-do...... ......

..... do...... ... ...

..... do.. ......

.....do-.. ......

.... .do ...

.-..do--... .......

 -do ..... .

 do. - 

... ..do...... ...

 do. 

 ..do. ......

... ..do. . ......

.... .do..... .......

.....do.- ......

 do...... 

 do . .

 .do. .......

. do........ .

.....do- .......

..-._do.. 

--..do. . 

... ..do...... ..... .

.__-.do 

.....do 

.-..do- -----

..... do ..... .

. do . 

 .do ....... .....

 do.... ........

 .-do .- 

.....do.. - .

.... .do 

.....do ......

.....do.-. ......

.... -do .. 

 -do.. .. ..

.....do-. ...... ,

.....do 

 do.... ..

... ..do..... .!.. 

... ..do..... .......

. do .........

... ..do...... ......

 ..do.. .... ..

 do.. 

.....do . ....

 .do 

 do...... ......

. .do. .. ...

... ..do. 

- -do. .... 

... ..do-.... ......

... ._doDischarge.

Sec.-feet. 

14.6

10.3

.5

12 2

.7

39.2

18.7

47.4

49.0

.2

.2

.2

.03

.05

.02

24.6

19.9

.0

24.7

28.6

33.3

24.8

3.8

1.6

11.1

11.8

9.4

3.5

.0

.0

12.2

14.6

1.2

6.0

.0

.0

.0

12.8

4.9

3.3

.2

7.9

2.8

3.1

2.3

9.1

. 2.3

6.5

.7

.4

.1

48.8

26.3

64 2

29.9

NORTH PLATTE RIVER.

This river has its source in the mountains of North Park, in northern Colorado. Upon entering Wyoming the stream passes through a 

short, narrow canyon, and then flows northerly through the upper 

Platte Valley, which extends from the State line down to Fort Steele. 

On August 27, 1900, A. J. Parshall made measurements of the river
WYOMING. 273

at two points in its upper reaches. The first measurement was made 

a short distance above the mouth of Grand Encampment Creek and 

immediately above the mouth of Brush Creek, and a discharge of 176 

second-feet was found. The second measurement was made near 

Saratoga, Wyoming, immediately above the mouth of Spring Creek, 

and a discharge of 211 second-feet was found.

GRAND ENCAMPMENT CREEK AT PERYAM'S RANCH, WYOMING.

This station, which was established by A. J. Parshall May 16, 1900, 

is located at the bridge over the river at the ranch of the observer, 

W. T. Peryam. The rod is vertical, and is fastened to the timbers of 

the bridge. The channel is straight for a distance above and below 

the station. The right bank is high and is not subject to overflow, 

but the left bank is low and overflows at high stages. The bed of the 

stream is rocky. During 1900 the following measurements were made 

by A. J. Parshall:

May 16: Gage height, 2.00 feet; discharge, 2,050 second-feet. 

June 8: Gage height, 2.00 feet; discharge, 2,184 second-feet. 

June 21: Gage height, 1.20 feet; discharge, 885 second-feet. 

July 5: Gage height, 0.60 foot; discharge, 192 second-feet. 

July 18: Gage height, 0.30 foot; discharge, 39 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand Encampment Creek at Peryam 's ranch,

Wyoming, for 1900.

Day.

I 

2

3. ....

4........

5. ------

6. ...... .

7 

8 . ....

9- .

10. .......

11..- 

12 ........ .

13 -------

14-.. .

15 

16 ........

May.

3.00

June.

2.70

2.60

2.40

2.30

2.25

2.3(1

2.20

2.05

2.20

2.25

2.10

1.90

1.90

1.70

1.60

1.70

July.

0.95

.75

.75

.65

.60

.60

. .(50

60

.60 .fiO

.60

.60

.50

.50

.45

.45

Aug.

0.50

.50

.45

.45

.40

.40

.40

.50

.50

.50

.50

.45

.45

.45

.40

.40

Sept.

0.35

25

.20

20

.25

.25

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.35

.40

.40

Day.

17

18. . 

19. .

20 . .

31.-.-..

28

23. - 

24. 

25

26-.. 

27

28 

29. ....

30 .....

31. 

May.

1.90

2.05

1.90

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.30

2.10

2.40

3.50

2.90

3.0U

3.20

3.00

3.00

June.

1 60

1.50

1.50

1.30

1.20

1 90

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.15

1.00

1.00

July.

0.40

.40

.30

.30

.30

.35

.35

.40

.40

.40

.40

.45

.50

.50

.50

Aug.

0 40

.40

30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

40

.50

.50

.35

30

.30

27

Sept.

0.40

.30

30

.30

.30

30

.40

40

.50

.50

.60

.50

.50

.50

LARAMIE RIVER AT WOODS, WYOMING.

This station, which was established in December, 1888, by the Territorial engineer of Wyoming, is located 26 miles from Laramie, and 

is reached by stage. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, 

page 214. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in the 

Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 193. The station was 

discontinued September 30, 1900. During the year one measurement 

ment of discharge was made by A. J. Parshall, as follows:

May 4: Gage height, 1.60 feet; discharge, 460 second-feet.
274 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, ofLaramie River at Woods, Wyoming, for 1900.

Day.

I.. .........................

2...........................

3....... ....................

4...........................

5..-.. ................... ...

6...........................

7..... ......................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11.. ..................... ....

12.. .........................

13..... ......................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17.......................... is..................:........

19.. .... ..................

20...........................

21.. ..................... ....

22...........................

33...........................

24.. ....................... -,

25.-..- ...... .......... ...

26...........................

27...........................

28

29.. .........................

30...........................

31...........................

Jan.

i.io

1 20

1.20

1.10

Feb.

1.20

1 30

1 30

1.20

Mar.

1.30

1.20

:-~

......

1.00

........

1 00

Apr.

o.ro

.70

.70

.80

.80

.65

.80

.80

.70

.70

.70

.60

.60

60

.60

.50

.60

.60

.75

.95

1.30

1.35

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.15

1.45

1.55

1.45

May.

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.00

2.25

2.55

2.75

3.00

3.00

2.95

2.65

2.95

3.05

3.15

3.05

3.00

2.95

2.85

3.15

3.25

3.45

3.75

3.95

4.05

4.15

4.25

4.30

June.

4.15

4.05

3.90

3.80

3.70

3.60

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.40

3.25

2.95

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.10

2.10

1.95

1.85

1.75

1.65

1.55

1.50

1.40

1.40

Ju .

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.95

.90

.90

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

Aug.

0.60

.60

.60

.60

.70

.70

.65

.60

.60

.60

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.35

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30 30

.30

.30

Sept.

0.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.35

.50

.55

.45

.35

.40

.40

.40

.35

.30

.30

.40

.40

.40

.40

.45

.40

.40

.40

.40

.45

.50

.50

LARAMIE RIVER NEAR UVA, WYOMING.

This station was established in 1894 by the State engineer of Wyoming. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 216. 

Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first 

Annual Report, Part IV, page 194. The station was discontinued 

March 31, 1900, and no measurements of discharge were made during 

the year.

Daily gage height, In feet, of Laramie River near Uva, Wyoming, for 1900.

Day.

I.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11. ......

Jan.

1.6

Feb.

1.6

1.7

Mar.

1.6

1.8

Day.

12.. 

13......

14.... .

15......

16......

17......

18......

19......

20......

21......

22

Jan.

1.4

i.i

Feb.

1.6

Mar.

2.3

Day.

23......

24- .

25

26- .

27......

28- -

29......

30......

31......

Jan.

1.5

Feb.

i.s

Mar.

2.1

1.9

NORTH PLATTE RIVER AT ORIN JUNCTION, WYOMING.

This station was established November 1, 1894, by the State engineer of Wyoming. It is described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, 

page 217. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in the 

Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 196. The station was 

discontinued April 1, 1900, and no measurements of discharge were 

made during the year.
WYOMING. 2T5

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Platte River at Orin Junction, Wyoming, for

1900.

Day.

I......

2 

3......

4......

5......

6. 

7......

8......

9......

10......

11 ......

Jan.

(a)

Feb.

1.5

1 5

Mar.

2.2

Apr.

2.3

Day.

12.....

13.....

14.....

15. 

16.....

Yl .....

18. 

19 

20 

21. .

22 

Jan.

(a)

(a)

Feb.

2 2

Mar.

1 3

2.5

Apr. Day.

23

24 

25

26...-

27 

28

29.. 

30. 

31. 

Jan.

(a)

Feb.

2.2

Mar.

1.7

Apr.

a Frozen. 

NORTH PLATTE RIVEE NEAR GUERNSEY, WYOMING.

This station was established June 14, 1900, by A. J. Parshall. It 

is located at the county bridge about a half mile northwest of Guernsey. The bridge has eight piers, the sides are planked, and there is 

uniform flow under each span. The location is an excellent one for 

accurate measurements. The rod consists of a 4-inch by 4-inch by 

12-foot scantling firmly attached to one of the piers of the bridge. 

As the station was to be a temporary one, a metallic tape, divided 

into feet and tenths, was securely fastened to the rod. The bench 

mark is a spike driven in a sleeper of the bridge 1 foot from the rod 

and at an elevation of 10.04 feet above the zero. The channel is 

straight for a distance above and below the station. Both banks 

are high and do not overflow at high stages. The bed of the stream 

is sandy, but probably does not shift much. The station was discontinued September 15, 1900. During 1900 the following measurements were made by A. J. Parshall:

June 14: Gage height, 4.40 feet; discharge, 9,792 second-feet. 

June 26: Gage height, 2.40 feet; discharge, 5,018 second-feet. 

July 10: Gage height, 0.50 foot; discharge, 1,805 second-feet. 

July 13: Gage height, 0.25 foot; discharge, 1,376 second-feet. 

August 2: Gage height, 0.20 foot; discharge, 778 second-feet. 

August 21: Gage height, 0.70 foot; discharge, 430 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Platte River near Guernsey, Wyoming, for

1900.

Day.

1...... ..........

2. ........... ....

3. ........... ....

4........ ....

5...... ..........

6.. ....... ..

1. ...............

8...... ..........

9..... . ......... .

10...... ...... ....

11. ........... ....

12.. ........ .. .

13...... ..........

14... ...... 

15. ....... ...

16. . ...........

June.

4.40

4.20

3.90

July.

1.50

1.30

1.20

1.00

.90

.80

.60

.50

.40

.30

.25

.20

.70

Aug.

 0.20

- .20

_ 35

 25

 .30

 .30

 .40

 .40

 .60

 .60

 .70

 .70

.70

 .70

Sept.

 0.90

.90

.90

 .90

 .95

 .95

 .95

 .95

.95

 .95

_ %

 .95

 .95

Day.

17.. . 

18. .. . .

19.... ....

20-. . 

21.. 

22. ...... ..... 

23

24

25.. ........

26

27

28.. . . 

29. ........... ...

30-. ....-

31....... ........

June.

3.40

3 40

3.20

3.00

2.85

2.70

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.00

1.90

July.

40

1.10

.75

.25

.10

.00

.05

.10

.00

.10

.05

.15

.10

Aug.

 .70

 .80

 .90

 .80

 .70

- .70

 .75

 .80

 .80

 .90

_ gr>

.90

- .90

Sept.
276 OPERATIONS AT EIVEK STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49. 

NOETH PLATTE RIVER AT GERING, NEBRASKA.

This station, which was established May 29, 1897, is located at the 

highway bridge at Gering. It is described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 37, page 218. Results of measurements for 1899 will be found in 

the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 197. During 1900 the 

following measurements of discharge were made by R. H. Willis:

Discharge measurements of North Platte River at Gering, Nebraska.

Date.

1900. 

April 18 ........................

April 27 ..... ...................

May 11. ........................

May 23.. .......................

May 30...... ...................

June 21 ......... __ ............

Julv9_ ........................

July 19. ........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.67

1.90

2.16

2.46

2.65

2 86

2.24

1.80

1.45

1.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,251

7,138

10,980

10,909

12,371

13,706

9,231

6,321

2 874

3,947

Date.

1900.

October 19.... .................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.15

1.02

.93

.84

.96

.85

.32

.35

.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,152

848

529

395

385

356

486

399

522

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Platte River at Gering, Nebraska, for 1900.

Day.

1 ..................................

3-..........-.. ...... ......... ...

4.. _..... ...... ...... ........ .......

5.. ...... ............ ...............

6...... _ .-.._-..._.....---..-_..-.

8.. .................................

9 ... ..... ..... .....

10.. .............................. ...

11........... ........................

12..... ........................ ......

13... ........... .....................

14... ................................

15..... ......................... .....

16...................................

17...................................

18.. ................................

19...................................

30...... ................... ..........

21 ...................................

22

23

24........... ........................

25

26...................................

27

28.... ..............................

29_ _..____.._........_......._.._....

30...................................

31... ................................

Apr.

1.67

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.60

1.85

1.90

1.83

1 80

1.90

2.00

2.00

2.40

May.

2.25

2 20

2.25

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.05

2.15

2.1(3

2.30

3.36

2.53

3.62

2.65

2.56

2.50

2.45

2.46

2.49

2.40

3.35

2.31

2.29

2.35

2.50

2.53

2 60

2.69

June.

2.75

2.80

2.90

2.98

2.85

2.85

2.82

2.80

2.78

2 71

2.71

2.86

2.76

2.56

2.46

2.29

2.23

2.26

2.19

2.01

1.89

1.89

1.91

1.87

1.81

1.80

1.76

1.70

July.

1.70

1.70

1.71

1.70

1.60

1.53

1.53

1.44

1.44

1.40

1.30

1.21

1.10

1.12

1.29

1.21

1.30

1.30

1.56

1.42

1.25

1.30

1.22

1.30

1.40

1.21

1.21

1.19

1.01

1.05

1.05

Aug.

1.00

1.00

1.02

1.00

1.01

1.00

.97

.98

.95

.96

.95

.93

.90

.90

.86

.90

.90

.90

.88

.88

.88

.84

.82

.80

.71

.73

.76

.75

.74

.75

.75

Sept.

0.78

.77

.78

.79

.76

.77

.73

.76

.75

.80

.85

.87

.90

.90

.90

.85

.80

.80

.77

. .75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.60

62

.60

.61

.55

.53

Oct.

0.48

.35

.33

27

.27

.26

27

.27

.27

.26

.25

.23

.24

.24

23

.24

.24

23

.32

.31

.31

.30

.30

.31

.31

32

.33

.34

.34

.36

.37

Nov.

0.35

.36

.36

.37

.39

.40

.41

.40

.42

1.05

1.04 i.oa

1.04

al.05

a Closed for winter November 14.

NORTH PLATTE RIVER AT CAMP CLARKE, NEBRASKA.

This station, which was established June 27, 1896, consists of a 

timber fastened to cross-ties bedded in the bank of the river. It is 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 219. Results of
NEBRASKA. 277

measurements for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first Annual 

Report, Part IV, page 198. During 1900 the following discharge 

measurements were made by R. H. Willis:

Discharge measurements of North Platte River at Camp Clarke, Nebraska.

Date.

1900. 

April 19. .......................

April 28 ........................

May 14. ........................

May 25...... ...................

May 31.... .....................

July 11. ........................

July 20............ .............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.28

3.71

4.10

2.90

4.08

4.27

3.75

3.35

2.74

3.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,928

7,146

11,838

9, 131

10,434

11,334

7, 695

4,049

2,116

3, (554

Date.

1900.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.61

2 20

2.05

1.96

2.08

2.08

2.10

2.18

2.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,624

501

431

274

320

246

234

377

610

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Platte River at Camp Clarke, Nebraska,

for 1900.

Day.

1... ..................... ........... >>

^.... ...............................

4...-. .-......-..... .....--.

5--.-.. .- ..._ .. -- 

6..........--.......-. ..........

7... ...... .................... ......

8. ............................... ...

9. ............................ ......

10....----.-.-.--.... ...... -----

11. ...... ......................... ...

12-...-- ... . .-_- -

13- .......................... ........

14....... .. . - 

15.....-. -- . - , 

16-......---..--- ................

17 ...................................

18-. -..-- - .- . ....

19... ................................

20.... ............................

21 .- - .-;.... _. .-..

32.. .................................

23

24-...----..----.--.-..... .........

25

26..- --..- - .- -

2T_. ..................... ............

28

29. .......... ......... ...............

30....... ...-- ._... _ .

31....... ...........................

Apr.

2.90

3.03

3.23

3.20

3.27

3.16

3.28

3.43

3.35

a 20

3.30

3.24

3.22

3.21

3.26

3.57

3.57

3.59

3.48

3.57

3.71

3.89

3.79

May.

3.85

3.85

4.05

4.00

3.98

3.89

3.92

3.84

3.94

3.92

3.99

4.02

4.10

4.J9

4.27

4.34

4 23

4 12

4.05

4.07

4.09

4.05

3.91

3.90

3.82

3.78

3.91

4.01

4.11

4.15

June.

4.29

4.31 4 45

4.49

4.53

4 52

4.48

4.43

4.48

4.42

4.34

4.38

4.27

4.25

4.28

4.17

4.10

3.90

3.89

3.84

3.81

3.75

3.51

3.53

3.48

3.43

3.39

3.42

3.33

3.31

July.

3.31

3.27

3.21

3.15

3.06

2.95

2.91

2.71

2.70

2.73

8 71

2 62

2 62

2 62

2.74

2 72

2 62

2.73

2.68

3.05

3.83

2 77

2.78

3.83

3.62,

2.70

2.59

2.59

2.50

2.40

2.33

Aug.

2 25

2.33 2 30

2 38

2 23

2 24

2 26

2 20

2.20

2.16

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.11

2 11

2.10

2.07

2.05

2.07

2.05

2.03

2.06

3.03

2.01

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.93

1.95

1.99

Sept.

1 Qft

1.92

1.95

1 Qfi

2 02

1 97

1.98

1.93

2.03

2.08

2.10

2.09

1.96

1.98

2.05

2.03

3 05

2.07

2.04

2.01

2.03

2 02

2.01

2.15

2.19

2.20

2.15

2.15

2 14

2.10

Oct.

2.10

2.05

2.09

2.08

3.07

2.15

2.11

3.10

3.10

3.08

2.09

2 11

2 14

2.16

2.18

3.15

2 15

2.16

2.18

2.19

2.20

2 21

2.20

2.20

2.21

2.21

2 32

2 21 -^23

' J2 25

2.25

Nov.

2 23

2 23

2 22

2 24

2 24

2 25

2.26

2 28

2.30

a 2. 31

« Closed for winter. 

NORTH PLATTE RIVER AT NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.

This station, which was established in 1894, is 3.5 miles above the 

junction of South Platte River. It is described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 37, page 220. Results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 199. During 

1900 one discharge measurement was made by Adna Dobson, as 

follows:

December 20: Gage height, 2.30 feet; discharge, 1,223 second-feet.

IRR 49 01 6
278 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART ill.. [NO.49.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Platte Eiver at North Platte, Nebraska, for

1900.

Day.

1.. ......... ..............

t

3... ......................

4.........................

^.. .......................

6. ........................

T.. ............... ....... 

8..-.....-....-.-..-..-...

9........... .............

10.........................

11-.--.-..........-........

12.-. .....................

13.-----...--..-..-.....-..

14.........................

11

16.. - .. - --..

\^. ........................

W..... ....................

19------.-..--.-..... .....

20. ---.........-.....-.....

31

23.------..--.............

33

84......... ............

25

36...... ....... ........ ....

27-----...-...--- .---.

28.........................

29...... ................

30..- ..................

31...... ...................

Jan.

3.40

3.35 

3.30 

3.35 

3.40 

3.50

2.60 

2.70

3.80

2.- 80 

3.80 

3.90 

2.90 

3.90

9 Q5

3. TO

3. 00 

3.00 

3.85 

3.85 

3 75 

2 60 

3.65 

3.70 

<> 50

2.55 

3.00 

1.70

1.90

3.00

3.00

Feb.

2.00

2.05 

2.30 

2.30 

3.35 

3.35

3.S5 3 95

3 30

3.30 

3:40

2.40 

3.30 

2.30 

3.60 

3.40

3.30 

3.35 

2.40 

2.50 

3.50 

2.65 

3.70 

3.80 

3.80 

2.70 

3.60 

2.60

Mar.

3.70

3.85 

3.00 

3.10 

3.10 

3.10

3.80 

3.80

2.80

3.80

9 7K

3.50 

2.30 

3.15 

3.00 

2.40

2.80 

2.30 

3.10 

3.00 

2.40 

3.50 

3.40 

2.50 

3.45 

2.40 

2.40 

2.30 

2.30 

2.25

o 30

Apr.

3 30

2.30 

3.20 

3.25 

3.30 *> <in

3.50

3.50

2.50

9 f»K

3.60 

3.65 

3,60 

3.70

9 Qfi

2.90 

2.90 

3.80 

3.70 

3.65 

3.70 

2.80 

3.90 

3.00 

3.10 

3.10 

3.05 

3.90

0 OK

May.

3.20

3.15 

3.35 

3.30 

3.35 

3.50

3.50 

3.40

3.35

3.30 

3.30

3.30 

3.25 

3.30 

3.30 

3.30

3.30 

3.45

3.60 

3.60 

3.50 

3.50 

3.45 

3.40 

3.40 

3.35 

3.30 

3.35 

3.30 

3.30

3.40

June.

3.45

3.50 

3.50 

3.65 

3.80 

3.85

3.85 

3.90

3.80

3.75 

3.70

3.60 

3.50 

3.50 

3.55 

3.60

3.60 

3.60 

3.45 

3.30 

3.30 

3.30 

3.10 

3.10 

3.10 

3. CO 

3.90 

2.90 

3.80 *> sn

July . ' Aug.

2.85

3.60 

2.60 

3.60 

3.90 

2.80

2.80 

2.65

2.45

2.30 

3.15

2. 1C 

2.30 

2.10 

2.10 

2.15

2.10

3.05 

1.90 

2.00 

2.00 

2.00 

2.10 

2.35 

2.35 

2.50 

2.35 

3.00 

3.00 

2.00

1.90

1.85

1.75 

1.60 

1.45 

1.50 

1.80

3.30 

1.95

1.95

1.65 

1.60

1.60 

1.50 

1.45 

1.30 

1.30

1.25 

1.15 

1.10 

.95 

1.45 

1.50 

1.35 

1.50 

1.45 

1.40 

1.20 

1.20 

1.00 

1 00

.90

Sept.

0.80

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80

.80 

.80

.80

.95 

.90

.90 

.90 

.80 

.80 

.90

.90 

.95 

.95 

.95 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.90 

1.00 

1.10 

1.10 

1 35

Oct.

1.40

1.40 

1.40 

1.40 

1.30 

1.30

1.30 

1.30

1 30

1.30 

1.30

1.40 

1.40 

1.40 

1.40 

1.40

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.60 

1.70 

1.60 

1.60 

1.60 

1.65 

1.70

1.75

Nov.

1.80

1.80 

1.80 

1.80 

1.70 

1.70

1.75 

1 80

1 80

170

1.75

1.85 

1.80 

1.85 

1.90 

1.85

1.80 

1.75 

1.60 

1.70 

1.95 

1.95 

2.00 

1.95 

2.20 

2.35 

3.30 

3.15 

3.00 

2.00

Dec.

2.10

2.20

2.2t) 

2.25 

2.10 

2.30 

2.35 

2.30

2.30

2.20 

2.25

2.30 

2.30 

2.30 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.30 

2.30 

2.40 

2.00 

2.00 

2.40 

2.45 

1.85 

1.80 

1.60

SOUTH PLATTE RIVER.

The South Platte rises in the high mountain peaks surrounding the 

basin known as South Park, near the center of the State of Colorado. 

These mountains vary in altitude from 14,000 feet, in the Park Range, 

to 9,000 feet, in South Park. From the point where the stream issues 

from the mountains at Platte Canyon it flows in a northerly direction 

through Denver to its junction with the Cache la Poudre near Greeley, thence in a northeasterly direction until it leaves the State a short 

distance to the northeast of Julesburg, and thence in an easterly direction to its junction with the North Platte near North Platte, Nebraska.

The tributaries may be divided into two classes: (1) Those which, 

like the headwaters of the South Platte, rise in the mountains, and 

(2) those which drain the plains east of the mountains. The principal tributaries of the first class, in their order down the river, are 

Bear Creek, Clear Creek, St. Vrain Creek, Boulder and South Boulder 

creeks, Big Thompson Creek, and Cache la Poudre River. Among 

those of the second class there may be named, as especially worthy of 

consideration, Cherry Creek, Lone Tree Creek, Boxelder Creek, Bijou 

Creek, Beaver Creek, and Pawnee Creek. There are many others of 

lesser note. The streams of the first class those flowing from the 

mountains resemble the upper reaches of the South Platte in that 

they furnish a perennial supply of water, which varies, however, with 

the season, the discharge being great during the flood stages and low
COLOEADO. 279

during the latter part of the summer and in the fall and winter. The 

streams from the plains, on the other hand, are intermittent in their 

nature, usually furnishing water only during storms or the melting of 

snows. In general it may be said that the normal perennial discharge 

of all of the streams of this division is claimed and used for irrigation, 

but great quantities of water go to waste during the flood stages and 

in times of storms. As there is a vast amount of land upon the plains 

adjacent to the South Platte that might be irrigated if there were a 

sufficient supply of water, the question of storage becomes one of 

great importance, and the Geological Survey is now studying this 

problem, examining such reservoir sites as are considered capable of' 

storing considerable quantities of water. It is hoped that reservoirs 

will be constructed to prevent the loss of this great amount of water, 

which, if properly stored, would become one of the greatest assets of 

the arid region.

An interesting feature of the South Platte Basin is the fact that in 

all of its valleys there is a great return from seepage, which is increasing from year to year, as may be seen in the tables of seepage measurements of this river published by the State engineer of Colorado. 

The underground water supply of the plains in this basin is also being 

studied, and the results of the investigations will be of great interest 

in determining the possibilities of procuring 'water from artesian 

sources for stock purposes and possibly for the irrigation of small tracts 

of land. The surface flow of the intermittent streams of the plains 

may be made available for irrigation purposes by the construction of 

suitable reservoirs, a few of which, are now being utilized by corporations and private parties. The most notable projects of this character which have been under way in the basin during the year are the 

Lake Cheesman dam, which is being constructed by the Denver Union 

Water Company, C. L. Harrison, chief engineer, and the Bijou Irrigation Company's reservoirs in the neighborhood of Orchard. The 

Lake Cheesman reservoir is especially noteworthy on account of the 

great height of its dam (215 feet) and the amount of water to be stored. 

The dam will be of solid masonry. The reservoir sites of the Bijou 

Irrigation Company are natural basins, along the rims of which 

embankments will be constructed, thus storing large quantities of 

water, which will be conducted from the river through canals. Any 

great extension of the irrigated area of this district must depend upon 

the construction of additional reservoirs and upon improvements in the 

use and distribution of water. The present system of distribution 

throughout this section, as in nearly all of the arid region, is very extravagant, in many cases there being several times the number of ditch 

lines that the most economical use would demand, while much water 

goes to waste in marshes and swamps which might be drained, and 

an increased supply thus be made available.
280 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49. 

SOUTH FORK OF SOUTH PLATTE RIVER AT LAKE CHEESMAN, COLORADO.

During the year 1900 the engineers in charge of the construction of 

the darn at Lake Cheesman kept practically continuous records of the 

gage heights and discharge of Goose Creek and South Platte River 

above their junction, and also of the combined discharge below the 

junction, the latter measurements being made below the dam. The 

accompanying table of discharge measurements at the latter place 

was obtained through the courtesy of Mr. C- L. Harrison, at present 

chief engineer of the Denver Union Water Company. The discharge 

for February is estimated, but it may be considered approximately 

correct. Discharges for the other months are from actual measurements, which are usually made three times a day, but sometimes 

oftener. The results may be considered very nearly correct.

SOUTH PLATTE RIVER NEAR PLATTE CANYON, COLORADO.

This station was located about 2 miles above the Colorado and 

Southern Railroad station at Platte Canyon. It was maintained by the 

Denver Union Water Company for some time previous to any cooperation on the part of the Survey, which began April 1, 1899. The gage 

rod was a 2-inch by 2-inch inclined timber on the right-hand side of the 

stream, the graduations being marked with brass nails. Measurements of discharge were made from the footbridge constructed by the 

water company at the rod. Readings were taken until June 2,1900, 

inclusive, when extremely high water carried away the gage rod, 

which has not yet been replaced. Only two measurements were made 

in 1900. The channel at this point is rocky, but the high water 

changed it materially, so that it will be best for a new location to be 

selected. A station at this place is of great importance, and one 

should be maintained with care. A cable should be stretched across 

the river, with a traveling car, at such a height as to preclude the 

danger of its being wasfaed away by floods. The figures given in 

the table show the actual discharge of the river at Platte Canyon 

before any water is diverted for irrigation or other purpose, except 

that taken out by the Denver Union Water Company a short distance 

above the station, for the supply of the city of Denver.

Readings were taken by James Proctor, of Littleton, Colorado, whois in charge of the pumping station of the Denver Union Water Company at that place. While the station was being maintained gage 

readings were furnished to the officers of the United States WeatherBureau at Denver, who had them published in the papers.

A description of the station was published in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 37, page 224. The results of measurements for 1899 will be found 

in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 201. During 1900, 

the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows:

March 5: Gage height, 0.40 foot; discharge, 87 second-feet. 

April 18: Gage height, 1.55 feet; discharge, 467 second-feet.
COLOEADO. 281

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Platte River near Platte Canyon, Colorado,

for 1900.

Day.

1 .......

2..........

4..........

5 ...-.--

6. ......

7 ..........

8..........

9..........

10. .... ......

11. ...... ...

13..........

10

14.. ........ T;

16..........

Jan.

0.3 

.2 

.1

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.2

.4

.5

4

LJ_

.4 .5

Feb.

-0.6 

 .6

.7

_ 1

1

.7

1

g

.9

.9

g

g

Mar.

-0.5

_ '.3^

.3

 .5

.4

2

.1

.1

1 n

' '4

.6

.5

.6

Apr,

0.2 

.2

>7

.4

.6

.6

.8

.8

.7

.8

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.6

May.

4. 7 

4.6 

5.1

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(b)

(6)

(b)

5.3

June.

5.6 

5.6

(a)

Day.

17.......... 

18.......... 

19. ...... ...

20.... ......

21 ---....

22..........

38..........

34 .......

25 .........

26.......... ^"7

°8

29.......;..

30

31.. ........

Jan.

 0.5 

 .5 

.4

^

.4

- .4

.3

 .3

_ ^

 .5

.4

^

 .3

 .4

 .6

Feb.

 0 8

 8 

8

 8

 7

 6

 7

- 7

Mar.

0.5

.5

.4

.3

.3

.3

A

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

2

Apr.

1.4 

1.6 

1.9

2.6

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.8

4.3

5.1

4.8

May.

5 3 

5^4 

5.4

4.5

4.5

4.8

4.8

4.6

4. (5

4.8

4.9

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

June.

......

a Gage washed away. b Gage out.

SOUTH PLATTE EIVEE AT DENVEK, COLOEADO.

This station is located at the Fifteenth street bridge in the city of 

Denver, a short distance below the mouth of Cherry Creek. It was 

established July 15, 1895, and has been maintained continuously. 

For a portion of the last year two rods were in use, one on the left 

bank and the other on the right bank a short distance - below the 

bridge. Both were inclined rods. The rod on the left bank was 

washed out by the high water of June, 1900, which also removed the 

sand bar in front of the rod on the right-hand side, making it available at low-water stages, which it had not been before, and since that 

time the readings have been taken from the latter rod. The bench 

mark is a cross on the north corner of the top of the east abutment of 

the Fifteenth street bridge, and is 15.15 feet above gage datum. The 

river at this point is confined between slag 'embankments, but owing 

to the shifting sandy bottom the channel is very changeable, rendering necessary frequent changes in the rating tables. The observations have been made by the water commissioners of water district. 

No. 2, in which Denver is located, W. J. Southland and his successor, 

S. M. Matlock. During 1900jeleven gagiiigs were made at this point. 

The daily gage height, with corresponding discharge, was published 

in the Denver papers by the United States Weather Bureau. A 

description of the station was published in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 37, page 225. The results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 202. During 

1900 the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows and 

R. W. Hawley:

Discharge measurements of South Platte River at Denver, Colorado.

Date.

1900.

April 12.--- ................

April 16. ...... .................

April 23...... ..................

June 11. --.... --__..- _ -.--_..

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.50

5.90

7 24

7.10

8.32

8.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

244

377

1 439

1,395

3,516

3,270

Date.

1900. 

July 25 ........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.45

5.56

4.90

5.50

5.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

257

285

 90

226

161
282 OPEEATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Platte River at Denver, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

1 ...... . ..... ....

3...... ..................

4......-...... ........

6.... .............. ......

7... ..................

8-..... . .......... .... 

9 .....................

10-.--.-..... .......

11........................ 

12........................

13 .- . ........

14.... ....................

15.... ............... .....

16..... ................

17.... .................

18....-.. . .......... ...

19 .....................

20

21

22

23

24........................ 

25....... .................

26

27

28............ ............

29........................

30........................

31........................

Jan.

5.30

5.35

5.35

5.30

K. OK

5.35

5.35

5.40 

5.35

5.45

5.60 

5.40

5.30

5. a5

5

JC

5.40

5.35

5 45

5.35 i sn

5 40

5.30

5.40

5.35 

5.45 1 3^

5.25

5.35

5.35

5.40

5.30

Feb.

5.a5

<\ 11

5.20

5.25

5.35

5.35

5.40

5.30

5.25

5.20 

5.25

5.25

5.30 i w

5.40

5.35

5.45

5.50

5.45

5.35

5 25

5.25 

5.30

5

QK

5.40

5.30

Mar.

5.25

5.35

5.25

5.30

5

AK.

5.45

5.25

5.20 

5.20 i *>n

5.30 

5.20

5.40

5.40

5.25

5.30

5.35

S 91

5 40

5.30

1 91

5.25

5.20 

5.30

X OK

5. 35

5.40

5.35

5.10

5.10

Apr.

5.05

5.00

5.10

5.05

5.30

5.50

5:50 

6.00

1 01

6.60 

6.45

6 20

6.30

6.65

7.35

7.60

6.80

6.75

7.70

7 71

7.95

8.40 8.40" 

8.40

8 40

8.05

8.10

9.75

9.50

May.

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.35

9.35

9.35

9.40 

9.45

9.4'i

9.50 

9.50

9.40

9.00

8.75

8.50

8.40

8.48

8.30

8.40

8.60

8.50

8.50

8.35 

8.40

8.30

8.45

8.50

8.75

8.70

8.75

June.

8.75

8.92

8.90

9.00

«.90

8.80

8.60

8.50 

8.50

8.55

8.55 

8.50

8.45

8.40

8.15

8.00

7.95

7.70

7.60

7.58

7.35

7.25

7.45

7.55 

7.55

7.50

7.45

7.25

7.05

6.70

July.

6.65

6.55

6.35

6.35

6.30

6.30

6.30

6.30 

6.20

6.20

6.10 

5.70

5.55

5.45

5.40

5.40

5.50

5.35

5.10

5.15

5.00

5.00

5.15

5.15 

5.85

5.60

5.55

5.60

5.50

5.30

5.00

Aug.

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.40

5.45

5.50

5.50

5.55 

5.45

5.45

5.50 

5.35

5.35

5.10

5.15

5.05

4.90

4.95

4.80

4.95

4.90

5.00

4.95

5.05 

5.20

5.10

5.00

4.95

4.90

4.80

4.70

Sept.

4.75

a 4. 75

a 4. 75

4.75

4.85

4.70

4.85

5.05 

4.90

4.85

4.95 

5.60

5.60

5.35

5.00

5.05

5.20

5.15

5.25

5.10

5.10

5.10

4.90

4.85 

5.00

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.00

4.90

Oct.

4.90

4.80

4.80

4.90

4.90

4.85

4.70

4.80 

4.90

4.90

4.90 

4.90

4.90

4.90-

4.90

5.20

5.10

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.10 

5.00

5.10

5.10

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.90

Nov.

5.00

5.10

5.10

5.40

5.30

5.30

5.20

5.30 

5.30

5.30

5.30 

5.30

5.20

5.20

5.10

5.10

5.10

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.40

5.50 

5.50

5.50

5.40

5.40

5.30

5.20

Dec.

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.30

5.20

5.30 

5.30

5.10

5.20 

5.20

5.30

5.30

5.30

. 5.20

5.20

5.20

5.30

5.30

5.40

5.40

5.30

5.30 

5.20

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.45

5.50

5.40

a Estimated. 

SOUTH PLATTE RIVER AT ORCHARD, COLORADO.

This station is on the lower part of the South Platte, below all of 

the mountain drainage tributary to that stream. The gage rod, which 

is vertical, is fastened to a pile at a wagon bridge about a quarter of 

a mile southwest of the Union Pacific Railroad station at Orchard. 

The station was first established in November, 1895, and has been 

maintained during the greater part of the time since. During the 

last year the gage rod had to be moved twice, owing to changes in the 

 channel. The left bank of the river is high, but the right bank is 

low and is likely to overflow. The bed of the stream is sandy and 

shifting, but the cross section did not change materially during 1900. 

The station has been of great value in demonstrating the fact that 

large quantities of water go to waste during floods and during the 

winter season, a great portion being seepage or return water. As a 

result of the investigations at this place, a large irrigation enterprise 

has been undertaken namely, that of diverting water from the river 

near Hardin for the purpose of irrigating lands in the vicinity of Fort 

Morgan, the water to be stored in large reservoirs, which are referred 

to elsewhere (page 279, Bijou Irrigation Company's reservoirs). The 

existence of a large flow having been demonstrated, it is now thought 

best that the station should be changed to a point farther upstream, 

probably at Kersey, where another large ditch might possibly be taken 

out. A description of the station was published in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 37, page 226. The results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 203. During-
COLOEADO. 283

1900 the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows and 

B. W. Hawley:

March 7: Gage height, 2.85; discharge, 668 second-feet. 

April 21: Gage height, 5 feet; discharge, 4,674 second-feet. 

July 23: Gage height, 1.35 feet; discharge, 156 second-feet. 

October 27: Gage height, 2.70 feet; discharges 324 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Platte River at Orchard, Colorado, for 1900,

Day.

1-. _ ....................

2..... ....................

3... ................. .....

4. ........................

5..... ....................

6.........................

7........ .................

8........................

9..... ....................

10.........................

11........................

12..... .................. ..

13........... ......... .....

14.........................

15...... ...................

16.. ...... ............. ....

17........ .................

18. ........................

19........... ..............

20.. .......................

22

23....... ...............

24

25

26-.... ....................

27.........................

28..... ................ .... 

89. .....................

30.........................

31.........................

Jan.

400

400

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.6(1

3.60

3.50

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.00

2.80

2.80

2,90

2.90

2.90 "> on

2.90

2.90

2.90 

2.90

2.90

2.90

Feb.

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.60

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.20

3. 20

------

Mar.

3.20

330

3.30

3.20

3 00

V 85

2.85

2.85

2 85

2.85

2.85

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

9. 80

?, 80

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.70

?, 70

2.70

9: 70

2.70

9: 70

2.70

3.70 

2.70

2.70

2.70

Apr.

2.70

2.70

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.75

3.90

400

410

450

5.00

6.25

6.70

5.50

5.20

5.00

5.30

6.50

6.40

6.30

6.10

6.00

6.00 

fi.30

7.30

May.

8.50

8.50

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.20

8.00

7.80

7.50

7.30

7.50

8.00

8.20

8.00

7 80

7.00

6.80

6.00

5.80

6.00

7.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.30

6.50 

6.70

6.80

6.70

June.

6.50

6.50

6.50

6.50

6.30

6.00

5.90

5.80

5.70

5.60

5.50

5.40

5.30

5.20

5.10

4.90

4.80

4.75

4.70

4.60

4.50

4.3*1

4.20

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.70

3.50 

3.00

2.80

July.

2.70

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

3.10

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.70

1 60

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.35

1.40

1.40

Aug.

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.10

1.10

1.10

Sept.

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1 30

1.30

1.30

1 30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.65

1.80

1.95

2.10 

2.20

2.30

Oct.

3.40

2.50

2.60

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70 

2.70

2.70

2.70

Nov.

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.75

2.75

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.85

2.85

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80 

2.80

2.80

Dec.

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2 80

3.80

3.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2 80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80 

3.80

2.80

2.80

SOUTH PLATTE RIVER AT JULESBURG, COLORADO.

Although no station has yet been established at this place, one is 

greatly needed. A rod was attached to the wagon bridge about a 

mile southeast of the Union Pacific Railroad station at Julesburg, 

but no one was found who would make the observations, so that no 

record has been kept. A station here would be of great value, as the 

bridge referred to is not far from the State line, and a knowledge of 

the discharge passing from Colorado into Kansas could thus be 

obtained. The channel is very wide, as it is throughout the lower 

portion of the river, and on this account the results obtained would 

necessarily be approximate; but they would nevertheless be valuable. 

Within the last two year.s four measurements have been made at this 

place, as follows:

Discliarge measurements of South Platte River at Julesburg, Colorado.

Sec.-ft.

September 14, 1899............................................ 2

November 12, 1899......... .................................. 1,120

March 8, 1900 .... ............................................ 2,291

November 2, 1900..... ....................................... 76
284 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III.. [NO.49.

On December 20, 1900, the South Platte was measured at North 

Platte, Nebraska, by Adna Dobson, and a discharge of 963 secondfeet was found.

BEAR CREEK NEAR MORRISON, COLORADO.

Bear Creek is one of the smaller tributaries of the South Platte, 

heading in the vicinity of Mount Evans, about 30 miles southwest of 

Denver, and entering the main stream about 8 miles above that city. 

Although usually of small volume, the stream drains a considerable 

portion of very mountainous country, which is subject to more or less 

violent cloudbursts, so that floods sometimes come down this creek, 

causing great destruction to property and even the loss of life. All 

of the normal flow of the stream is used for irrigation, and it is only 

during high-water stages that a large amount of water passes through 

it. Records of its flow have been kept for a portion of each irrigation 

season since April, 1888, with the exception of the years 1892, 1893, 

and 1894. The present station was established April 16, 1899. It is 

located just above the little town of Morrison. The gage rod, which 

is a 2-inch by 4-inch timber placed vertically and marked in feet and 

tenths, is fastened to the upper side of the dam which diverts water 

into the mains of the Denver Union Water Company. The bench 

mark is the top of a granite bowlder about 100 feet above the rod on 

the left-hand side of the stream, and it is 10.33 feet above the gage 

datum. As in previous years, the station was maintained through 

cooperation with the Denver Union Water Company. Owing to the 

formation of a gravel bar in the summer of 1900, the conditions were 

for some time radically changed from the normal, and during the 

month of September no gagings were taken. The observer is S. 

Hebrew, an employee of the Denver Union Water Company. Tables 

of gage heights and discharge measurements for 1899 will be found in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 37, pages 227 and 228. Table of the monthly 

flow for that year will be found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, 

Part IV, page 204. During 1900 the following measurements were 

made by A. L. Fellows:

March 9: Gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge, 17 second-feet. 

April 14: G-age height, 2.85 feet; discharge, 47 second-feet. 

April 25: Gage height, 5.80 feet; discharge. 367 second-feet. 

August 7: Gage height, 3.20 feet; discharge, 63 second-feet. 

September 6: No gage height taken (conditions abnormal); discharge, 

24 second-feet.
COLORADO. 285 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bear Creek near Morrison, Colorado, for 1900.

Bay.

1....... ....................

2... ........................

3.. .........................

4

6...........................

8...........................

9-..-...-...... ...........

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13-........................:.

14...........................

15...........................

16....... .................

n. ..........................

IS. ..................... .....

19........ ................

20...........................

21

22

23

24.. .........................

25....... ....................

26...........................

27...........................

28

29

30...........................

a.. .........................

Apr.

3.00

2.90

3.65

3.65

4 50

4.80

f; Tf<

5.80

5.85

5.80

5.90

6.15

6.25

6.30

7.00

6.90

May.

6.70

6.25

6.30

6.20

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.50

6.70

6.90

6.75

6.65

6.45

6.20

6.05

5.90

5.90

5.90

6.05

5 95

5.95

6.05

6.05

6.15

6.20

6.20

6.10

6.10

6.05

6.00

June.

5.95

6.25

6.55

6.60

6.40

6.10

6.25

6.25

6.15

« Sfl

6.40

6.10

5.95

5.95

5.85 f; as

5.70

5.70

f; so

5.60 f; si

5.55

5.50

5.40

5.*25

5.25

5.15

5.15

5.05

4.95

July.

4.75

4.65

4 55

4.55

4.35

4.30

4.35

4.30

4.25

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.10

4.05

4.00

4.20

4.10

4.05

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.75

4.00

4.35

4.40

4.25

4.15

4.05

4.00

3.85

3.75

Aug.

3.55

3.45

3.30

4 00

4.00

3.70

3.60

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.05

2.85

2.65

2.45 3. as

2 25

2.20

.10

.20

.30

.30

.20

.10

.10

.10

.10

2.05

2.00

2.00

Sept.

2.00

(«)

2.70

Oct.

2.60

2.55

2.45

2.40

2.35

2.30

2.25

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.80

2.00

2.00

Nov.

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1 40

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.20

1.35

1.40

1.50

1.45

1.40

Dec.

1.35

1.35

1.45

1.55

a Gag'6 heights not taken from September 2 to 29, inclusive, on account of dam on stream raising the water.

CLEAR CREEK AT FORKSCREEK, COLORADO.

Clear Creek rises on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, in 

the vicinity of Grays and James peaks, about 40 miles west of Denver, 

and flows easterly, entering the South Platte 6 miles below the center 

of that city. Like the other streams of this region, for a long distance 

it flows through mountainous country, the water being used for power 

purposes and for placer mining. At Golden the creek enters an open 

and fertile valley, and so large a proportion of the water is diverted, 

by means of irrigation canals, for the cultivation of the land lying 

along the stream, that little of the normal flow passes into the South 

Platte, except that returned by seepage. During the flood stages, 

however, considerable water enters the main stream. The gaging 

station is located at the Forkscreek railroad station on the Colorado 

and Southern Railway, in Clear Creek Canyon, just below the junction of the North and South forks of Clear Creek. It was established 

May 29, 1899, and has been continued through the irrigation seasons 

of 1899 and 1900. The gage consists of a weight fastened to a wire 

running over a pulley at the edge of the embankment upon which 

the railway station is located. It is referred to bench marks back of 

the embankment. The stream flows rapidly through this part of the 

canyon, the channel being rocky and the fall great. Both banks are 

high and rocky. There is no suitable means for crossing the river at 

the gaging station, the railway bridge over the stream being con-
286 OPEBATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 48.

structed at an acute angle. It is possible, however, to secure fairly 

good results by means of measurements made at the two bridges above 

the forks, thus securing data of the flow of each branch as well as 

the total flow. At low water the stream may be gaged by wading. 

During the last two years the observer has been C. N. Davis, railway 

station agent at Forkscreek. He has voluntarily made the readings 

and sent daily reports to the local forecast official in Denver, who has 

had them published in the morning papers. A description of the 

station was published in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 228. The 

results of measurements for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first 

Annual Report, Part IV, page 205. During 1900 the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows:

March 10: Gage height, 1.60 feet; discharge; 55 second-feet. 

Api'il 13: Q-age height, 1.70 feet; discharge, 73 second-feet. 

April 34: Gage height, 2.60 feet; discharge, 290 second-feet. 

August 27: Gage height, 1.78 feet; discharge, 130 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Clear Greek at Forkscreek, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

I.......... ........

2

3...... ...........

4.-..... ..-.

5. .......... .......

6..--.....--...-.

1 ..................

8. .................

9

10..................

11. . . 

12 .... - ..

13..................

14. 

15. ......... ........

16 . _ ..- 

17..... ........... ...

18. ..............

19...... ............

30. ..... ........

31. .................

22

SS. .................

24. ...... .......... .

25. . ........

26 . . 

SU ..................

28

29 . 

30...... ........ 

31. .... ........

Mar.

1.65

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.70

1 55

1.60

1.65

1.60

1.50

1.60

1.60

1 60

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.60

 1.60

Apr.

1.60

1.60

1.60

2.10

2.10

2.15

2.05

1 85

1.80

1.85

1.80

1 80

1.75

1.80

1 80

1.85

1.85

1.80

2.00

2.35

2.35

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.70

2.55

2.55

2.60

2.90

2.90

May.

2.80

2.80

2.80

 > 85

3.00

3.25

3.30

3.40

3.55

3.90

4.30

4.55

4.20

3.75

3.15

3.80

3.70

3.70

3.75

3.75

3.60

3.75

3.65

4.05

4.05

4.10

4.35

4 40

4 30

June.

4.40

4.35

4.05

4.20

4.10

4.20

4.35

4.55

4.55

4.45

4.05

3.95

4.00

3.90

3.90

4.05

4 05

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

3.90

3.85

3.80

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.70

July.

3.60

3.50

3.25

3.25

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.00

3.00

f> OK

3.80

2.75

3.75

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

Aug.

2.40

2.35

2.25

2 25

3.30

2 25

2.20

3.15

3.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1 80

1.80

1.75

Sept.

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.60

1 60

1.60 i.ro

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

Oct.

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.70

1.65

1.60

1 60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

l.liO

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.60

Nov.

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

Dec.

1.55

1 55

1.55

1..55

........

SOUTH BOULDER CREEK NEAR MARSHALL, COLORADO.

South Boulder Creek, a tributary of Boulder Creek, is the next 

mountain stream of importance north of Clear Creek. The gaging 

station, which was established in April, 1888, and has been maintained during a portion of each year since, except during 1893 and 

1894, is located at the mouth of the canyon from which the stream 

issues about 3 miles west of the Colorado and Southern Railway 

station at Marshall. The rod consists of an inclined timber on the
COLORADO. 287

north bank of the stream near the house of C. E. Barber. Above the 

station two ditches divert water, namely, the South Boulder and Coal 

Creek ditch and the Community ditch, and their discharges must be 

added to the discharge at the station, in order to obtain the total runoff of the basin. The channel of the stream, which is rocky and full of 

bowlders, does not change materially. Gagings are usually made by 

wading, but at high water they are made from the footbridge just 

above the rod. The observer during 1900 was Miss Blanche Barber, 

who lives near by. A description of the station was published 'in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 229. The results of measurements 

for 1899 will be found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, 

page 206. During 1900 the following measurements were made by 

A. L. Fellows:

July 28: Gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge. 35 second-feet. 

August 28: Gage height, \10 feet; discharge, 10 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Boulder Creek near Marshall, Colorado, for

1900.

Day.

1.. ...............

2.................

3.................

4..... ............

5 . ..-......_... 

6.................

7--... ............

8.................

9.................

10.................

11....... ..........

12.................

13................. 

14.... .............

15.................

16.................

May.

T66"

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

(a)

June.

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.40

3.20 

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.05

3.00

2.95

2.90

2.90 

2.90

2.60

2.70

July.

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.25 

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.05

1.80

I 80

1.80

1.80 

1.80

1.85

1.80

Aug.

1.45

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60 

1.50

1.50

1.45

1 40

1.40

1 40

1.30

1.40 

1.35

1.35

1.30

Sept.

1.00

1.05

1.00

1.05

1.05 

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.00

1 20

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.00

1.05

1.00

Day.

ir ................

18 ............. ...

19................

20. ............. ..

31 ............ .... 

22......-...-.. 

23 ................

24

25

26.. .............. °7

28................

39................

30

31 ................

May.

......

......

June.

2.65

2.70

2.65

2.85 

2.75

2.70

3.65

2.60

3.45

2.50

2.45

3.45 

2.40

July.

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.70 

1.70

1 70

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.60

1.40

1.40 

1.70

1.60

Aug.

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.30 

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.30

1 20

1.30

1.10 

1.10

1.00

Sept.

1.05

1.10

1.05

1.00

1.05 

1.15

1.15

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.10

i.10

1.10 

1.00

a Regular readings did not begin until June 1. 

BOULDER CREEK NEAR BOULDER, COLORADO.

The general character of Boulder Creek, one of the tributaries of 

St. Vrain Creek, is similar to that of the latter stream. The gaging 

station is located 1^ miles above the town of Boulder, where the stream 

issues from the mountains. There are two small irrigation ditches 

above the station, but the amount of water diverted does not exceed 

5 or 6 second-feet, and may, therefore, be disregarded. The channel 

of the stream contains so many large bowlders that accurate measurements are difficult to obtain, either here or at any other point. During 

high water measurements are made from the bridge, but at low-water 

stages the stream can be gaged by wading. The entire normal flow 

is used for irrigation, but large quantities of water go to waste during 

the flood season. Plans are being considered for the construction of 

large reservoirs to store the flood waters for the irrigation of lands 

now arid. The gage rod is an inclined timber spiked to stakes driven
288 OPERATIONS AT RIVER STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

into the bank. The bench mark is the top of a large stone 22 feet 

west of the gage and 5.72 feet above the zero of the rod. Both banks 

are high and rocky, and are not subject to overflow. The observer 

for 1900 was Mrs. Carrie Osgood, who lives near by. A description 

of the station was published in Water-Supply Paper No. 37, page 281. 

The results of measurements for 1897, 1898, and 1899 will be found in 

the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 207. During 1900 the 

following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows:

April 28: Gage height, 2.10 feet; discharge, 483 second-feet. 

July 27: Gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge, 220 second-feet. 

August 28: Gage height, 0.62 foot; discharge, 49 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Boulder Creek near Boulder, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

1. ....... ...

2. ...... ....

3. ...... ....

4. ..........

5. .... ......

7. .. ........

8.... .

9. ....... ... 

10........... 

11_. ...... ... 

12...........

13. .... ......

14...........

15.. .- 

16... ..-.

May.

2.35

2.35

2.30

.40

62

.55 

.70 

.68 

70 

^65

.62 ..._-

June.

2.85

.75

July.

2..00

1.95

1.95

.65 1-82

.68

.68 

.78 

. 75 

.78 

.60 

.58

2.45

. 48 2. 40

.85 

.30

2.40 

2.43

1.70

1.60

1.50 

1.45 

1.40 

1.40 

1.50 

1.62

1.52

1.52

1.60 

1.55

Aug. Sept.

1 «2 0 60

1 *» i £D

1.22 fi2

1.20 .62...

1. 18 60

1.18

1.12 

1.08 

.98 

.98 

.98 

.92

.90

.85

.80

.78

.60

.60 

.62 

1.17 

.95 

.90 

.88

.80

.65 

.60

Oct. Day.

.45 18..........

.42 19..........

.45 20. ......

.48

.50

.48 

.50 

.48 

.50 

67

i 21

23...... .... 

24. .........

25.......... 

26 . 

27.......... 

98

.75 29

60

.55

. 70

30..........

31.... ......

May.

2.25 

2.20 

2.15 

2 22 

'.20 

.22 

.20 

.18 

.18

'.52 

.70 

.75 

2.70

2.78

June.

2.43 

2.42 

2.35 

2.40 

2.35 

3.38 

2.40 

2.35 

2.30 

2.25 

2.22 

2.20 

2.10 

2.08

July.

1.40 

1.40 

1.38 

1.40 

1.32 

1.35 

1.38 i.a5

1.32 

1.38 

1.38 

1.38 

1.25 

1.22 

1.23

Aug.

0.75 

.78 

.72 

.73 

.70 

.68 

.65 

.75 

.73 

.72 

.68 

,60 

.60 

.62 

.60

Sept.

0.55 

.55 

.55 

.50 

.50 

.50 

.48 

.45 

.50 

.65 

.65 

.55 

.52 

.55

Oct.

0.62 

.60 

.60 

.58 

.55 

.52 

.45 

.43 

.40 

.37 

.33 

.30 

.32 

.35 

.25

ST. VRAIN CREEK NEAR LYONS, COLORADO.

St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries derive their supply of water 

from the eastern slope of the Front Range, between Longs Peak and 

James Peak, which are about 30 miles apart. The general trend of 

the drainage is northeasterly, the St. Vrain flowing into South Platte 

River about 6 miles below the town of Platteville. The principal 

tributaries of the stream are the North and South forks and Boulder 

Creek. South Boulder Creek is a tributary of the latter stream. In 

their upper portions these creeks flow through mountainous areas 

where the water is used only for power purposes and for placer mining, but at the foothills each stream emerges into a broad, approximately level valley, devoted entirely to farming, water being furnished 

by means of irrigation canals leading from the streams. Three stations 

are maintained on the main stream and its tributaries, namely, at 

Lyons, on the St. Vrain, at Boulder, on the Boulder, and at Marshall, 

on the South Boulder. The station at Lyons is about a half mile 

southeast of the town, and is below the intersection of the North and 

South forks.

Records of the flow of the creek at or near Lyons have been kept 

since April, 1888, except during the years 1893 and 1894, but the station was not put in its present condition until May 5, 1899, since when
COLORADO. 289

records have been kept throughout each irrigation season. The rod 

is an .inclined timber on the left bank of the stream, opposite the 

Tower Hotel, fastened to pieces of timber driven into the slag embankment. The stream has an excellent channel of gravel and bowlders, 

and is not likely to change. Measurements have usually been made 

by wading, but at high water they are made from the bridge about a 

quarter of a mile below the, gage rod. The bench mark is a spike 2 

feet from the west side of the trunk of a large cottonwood tpee 150 feet 

north of the rod. Supply ditch diverts water above the station, and 

its discharge should be added to that of the creek in order to obtain 

the total run-off of the basin. The observer during the year 1900 was 

L. H. Dickson, commissioner of the St. Vraiu water district, who kept 

up the readings during the irrigation season. Weekly records of the 

discharge at this point have been furnished to the Longmont papers. 

During the greater part of the irrigation season the entire discharge 

of St. Yrain Creek is utilized, but during the flood period considerable water usually goes to waste. Much of the water is, however, 

stored in reservoirs, and is used to advantage at low stages of the 

stream. A description of the station was published in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 37, page 232. The results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 208. During 

1900 the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows:

March 13: Gage height, 2.06 feet; discharge, 35 second-feet. 

April 27: Gage height, 3.68 feet; discharge, 513 second-feet. 

July 27: Gage height, 2.70 feet; discharge, 193 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Yrain Creek near Lyons, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

1..... ......................

3...........................

4. ..........................

5.......... .................

6...........................

7....... ....................

8...........................

9.. .........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14................... .....

15.-.. ....................

16........................

18. ........... ... ..... .

19......................... .

20.. ...... ........ .. .... 

21......................... ,

22. ..........................

23

34 .................... .....

25..........................

26............ .. ... ..

27........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31.... .......................

Mar.

1.90

1.90

2.06

1.85

1 On

1.95

Apr.

3.30

2.06

1.9(1

1.85

1.90

1.85 i on

1.90 4 ^0

3.80

3.90

3.80

3.80

3.70

3.75

4.80

4.30

May.

4.10

4.00

3.90

4.00

4.15

4.10

4.15

4.10

4 30

4.15

4.15

4.10

4.10

3.95

3.65

3.70

3.70

3.65

3.50

3.60

3.80

3.70

3.95

3.60

4.00

4.20

4.60

4.60

4.70

4 50

June.

4.50

4.30

4.50

4.40

4.20

4.10

4.30

4.35

4.40

4.30

3.90

3.85

3.80

3.95

3.80

3.85

3.85

3.90

3.95

4.00

4/00

3.95

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.65

3.55

3.55

3.50

3.45

July.

3.50

3.45'

3.35

3 25

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.00

2.95

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.00

*> Qfi

2.90

2.feO

2.75

2.70

3.70

2.80

2.75

2.70

3.70

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.65

Aug.

2.55

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.55

2.50

2.47

2.45

2.45 2.40

2.35

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2,25

a. 25

3.25

2 25

2.25

2.23

3.23

2.20

2.17

2.15

3.15

2.15

2.15

Sept.

3.15

3.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

3.15

2.23

2.23

3.23

2.75

2.70

2.45

3.35

2.25

2.20

2.15

2.15

2 12

2 12

2 13

2.10

2.10

2.08

2.10

2.18

2.15

2.18

2.10

2.10

Oct.

2.10

3.10

1. 10

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.10

2.10

3.10

3.10

3.08

3.05

.05

.05

.05

.30

.25

.20

.20

.25

.20

.18

.15

.15

2. 15

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.10

3.05

Nov.

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

3.05

2. 05

3.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

3.00

2.00

NOTE. Regular readings did not begin until April 15.
290 OPERATIONS AT RIVEK STATIONS, 1900. PAET III. [NO. 49. 

BIG THOMPSON CREEK NEAR ARKINS, COLORADO.

This stream drains the country immediately north of that drained 

by the headwaters of St. Vrain Creek, and is one of the largest tributaries of South Platte River, into which it empties about 4 miles 

above the town of Evans. Little Thompson Creek is an important 

tributary of Big Thompson Creek, and the country drained by these 

two streams makes up irrigation district No. 4. The junction of 

these creeks is near the lower end of the district, a short distance 

above the point where their combined waters enter the South Platte.

Records of the flow of this stream were begun in April, 1888, and 

have been maintained for a portion of each year since, with the 

exception of the years 1893 and 1894. The station was established at 

its present location on April 1, 1899. The only diversion above the 

gaging station is Handy ditch, a record of the gage heights of which 

is kept by the water commissioner of that district, J. M. Wolaver, 

who has also kept the records of Big Thompson Creek at this point 

during the year 1900. It is necessary to include the discharge of 

Handy ditch in order to obtain the total run-off of the basin. The rod 

is a vertical 2-inch by 4-inch timber fastened to the downstream side 

of the right-hand end of the wagon bridge on the ranch of John 

Chasteen. The bench mark is 25 feet south of the gage, and is a nail 

in the root of a cotton wood stump, the head of the nail being 9.35 feet 

above the zero of gage. The channel of the stream is lined with 

bowlders and is very rough, but, not being likely to change, it furnishes a good point for obtaining accurate measurements. A permanent station could be located here to advantage. Like the other 

tributaries of the South Platte, nearly all of the normal flow of Big 

Thompson and Little Thompson creeks is used for irrigation, and 

during the high-water stages the greater part of the volume is diverted 

into large reservoirs, from which it is used to advantage later in the 

season. A description of the station was published in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 37, page 233. The results of measurements for 1899 will be 

found in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, page 209. During 

1900 the following measurements were made by A. L. Fellows:

April 26: Gage height, 1.91 feet; discharge, 512 second-feet. 

July 26: Gage height, 1.35 feet; discharge, 322 second-feet.
COLOEADO. 291

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Thompson Creek near Arkins, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

1.. .........

2--.. .

3.. . ........

4... ...... ..

5-. ... ......

6.. - ~

7. ....... ...

8. ..........

9...........

10...........

11. ........ ..

12...........

13...........

14.. .........

15....... .. 

16...........

Apr.

0.20 

.20 

.30 

.50 

.60 

.60 

.70

.90 

.90 

.90 

1.00

1.00

1.10 

1.10 

1.90 

1.80

May.

3.50 

3.40 

3.40 

3.30 

2.80 

2.60 

t fin

2.70 

2.80 

3.10 

3.10

3.00

2.90 

2.90 

2.90 

2.70

June.

3.50 

3.60 

3.40 

3.20 

2.90 

3.00 

3.40

3.40 

3.50 

3.10 

3.00

2.90

3.00 

3.00 

3.00 

3.00

July.

2.00 

1.80 

1.80 

1.70 

1.70 

1.70 

1.70

1.80 

1.80 

1.70 

1.70

1 60

1.60 

1.60 

1.60 

1.70

Aug.

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10

1.10 

1.00 

1.00 

90

.80

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80

Sept.

0 70 

70 

70 

70 

70 

70 

70

70 

70 

70

70

70

70 

70 

70 

60

Day.

18 ..........

19..........

20.......... '?1

*? > 

23

24 

25.........".

26..........

28. ....._...

39..........

30

31... . ......

Apr.

1.60 

1.60 

2.00 

2.00 

2.20 

1.90 

1.80 

1.80 

1.80 

1.90 

1.90 

2.10 

3.60 

3.50

May.

2.70 

2.80 

2.80 

2.50 

2.60 

2.65 

2.75 

2.75 

2.80 

3.10 

3.30 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70 

3.50

June.

2.90 

2.80 

2.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.90 

.80 

.80 

.70 

.60 

.50 

'.M40 

July.

1.50 

1.40 

1.40 

1.40 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.30 

1.30 

1.20 

1.20 

1.30 

1.30 

1.20 

1.10

Aug.

0.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.70 

.70 

.70 

.70 

.70 

.70 

.70 

.70

Sept.

0.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.70 

.70 

.70

Daily gage height, infect, of Handy ditch near Arkins, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

I......

2

3.-- 

4......

5......

6......

1 ......

8......

9......

10......

11 ......

June. July.

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

.80

.80

.80

.72

7l>

72

Aug.

0.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

4fl

.40

45

ill

.40

.40

Sept.

0.32

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

Day.

12

13..,..

14.....

15.-...

16-....

17.....

18._..

19.....

20.....

21

22.....

June.

2 ^0

2.20

2.20 2 °0

2.20

2.20

July.

0 7

~

7

7

72~»

Aug.

0.32

.32

.32

.32

.32

.33

.33

.33

.33

.32

Sept.

0.30

.30

30

.30

.30

.30

.30

30

.30

.30

.30

Day.

23..-..

24.....

25

26..... ^7

28.-...

29-....

30.....

31.....

June.

2.20

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

July.

0.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

Aug.

0.32

.32

.32

.32

.32

32

.33

.32

.32

Sept.

30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

CACHE LA POUDRE RIVER NEAR FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.

This stream is the northernmost of the large tributaries of the 

South Platte which issue from the east front of the Rocky Mountains. During the irrigating season its discharge is augmented by 

the supply diverted from the headwaters of Laramie River, which lie 

immediately to the west of the headwaters of the Cache la Poudre, 

the diversion being made through Sky Line canal. Measurements 

of the discharge of the Cache la Poudre Basin, therefore, include 

some of the Laramie waters. Practically the entire flow of the Cache 

la Poudre is used for irrigation purposes, even the greater part of 

the flood waters being stored for use later in the season. It is along 

the valley of the Cache la Poudre that the earliest and best irrigation 

of the State has been carried on.

The gaging station, which was established in 1884, is about 15 miles 

above Fort Collins. Since its establishment it has been maintained 

under the direction of Prof. L. G. Carpenter, of the Colorado State 

Agricultural College. The records are from the figures published by 

Professor Carpenter in the daily papers. The figures of daily discharge for the years 1895 to 1899, inclusive, will be found in WaterSupply Paper No. 37, pages 235 to 237.
292 OPERATIONS AT EIVEE STATIONS, 1900. PART III. [NO. 49.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado, for 1900.

Day.

1............................................

2

3. -. - ... -. .

4.. .. .. --. .. . -. ........

5--- .......... ............................

6.... ......... ....... .................... .

7.-. .......... ...... ... ................

8. -. -- - - --- -. -

9.......... ...... ............................

10..-- ...-... _....-__...-._._..._.. ......

n. ...........................................

12............................................

IS. ...................................... .....

14..............-... ......................

15.. ........... .................... ........

16.. ..... . ................ ............

17

18... ....... ........ ...................

19......... ................................

20. ........... .............................

21

22

23 .......... ...... ........................

24........... .......... ...... ..............

'^>.... ........................................

26 ._...._ -....-_.._...... ....... .

27-.-. ....................................... .

2S. ........ ................. ..................

29......... ...... .............................

30. ...... ..................................

31..... ....... .............................

Apr.

427

556

833

1,168

1,554

1,245

1 363

l',223

1,154

1,204

1,807

2,934

2,530

1,376

May.

2,551

2,508

2,447

2,251

2,461

2,354

2,447

2,486

2,586

2,777

3,012

2,992

2,811

2 652

2,411

2,049

3,143

2 258

2,093

2 371

2,582

2,525

2,490

2,884

2,939

3.240

3,561 4, on

4,560

4,416

4,304

2,808

June.

3,951

3,938

4,080

3,600

3,104

3,602

4,376

4,227

4,193

4,180

3,224

2,978

2,813

3,001

2,797

2,968

2,923

2 622

2,789

2,567

2,573

2,441

2,460

3,329

2,140

2,036

1,813

1,674

1,540

1,325

2,942

July.

1,360

1,276

1,176

1,042

958

871

853

837

795

752

705

666

641

625

597

599

576

531

535

525

481

460

475

736

767

719

641

593

558

537

506

721

Aug.

369

355

341

374

460

435

392

315

299

292

276

260

247

235

214

218

218

218

214

212

210

248

195

200

198

215

212

201

204

199

204

265

Sept.

204

199

160

143

133

126

124

137

183

260

355

151

157

156

144

138

133

126

118

113

132

123

121

121

136

141

144

140

140

141

149

Oct.

140

137

122

122

122

122

123

122

122

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

132

[Continued in Water-Supply Paper No. 50, where will be found 

tables of computations of seepage on numerous streams in Colorado. ]

O
JS95.

!

Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95, Part II, 

Papers of an economic character, 1895; octavo, 598 pp.

Contains a paper on the public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, illustrated 

by a largre map showing the relative extent and location of the vacant public lauds; also a 

report on the water resources of a portion of the Great Plains, by Robert Hay.

A geological reconnoissance of northwestern Wyoming, by George H. Eldridge, 

1894; octave. 72 pp. Bulletin No. 119 of the United States Geological Survey; 

price, 10 cents.

Contains a description of the geologic structure of portions of the Bighorn Range and 

Bighorn Basin, especially with reference to the coal fields, and remarks upon the water 

supply and agricultural possibilities.

Report of progress of the division of hydrography for the calendar years 1893 and 

1894, by F. H. Newell, 1895; octavo, 176 pp. Bulletin No. 131 of the United 

States Geological Survey; price. 15 cents.

Contains results of stream measurements at various points, mainly within the arid 

region, and records of wells in a number of counties in western Nebraska, western Kansas, 

and eastern Colorado.

1896.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Part 

II, Economic geology and hydrography, 1896; octavo, 864 pp.

Contains papers on "The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado,'' by G. K. Gilbert; "The water resources of Illinois," by Frank Leverett, and "Preliminary report on the artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas," by N. H. Darton.

Artesian- well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton, 

1896; octavo, 280 pp., 19 plates. Bulletin No. 138 of the United States Geological Survey; price, 20 cents.

Gives a description of the geologic conditions of the coastal region from Long Island, 

N. Y., to Georgia, and contains data relating to many of the deep wells.

Report of progress of the division of hydrography for the calendar year 1895, by 

F. H. Newell, hydrographer in charge, 1896; octavo, 356 pp. Bulletin No. 

140 of the United States Geological Survey; price, 25 cents.

Contains a description of the instruments and methods employed in measuring streams 

and the results of hydrographic investigations in various parts of the United States.

1897.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Part 

IV, Hydrography, 1897; octavo, 756 pp.

Contains a " Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1896," by 

Arthur P. Davis; " The water resources of Indiana and Ohio," by Frank Leverett; " New 

developments in well boring and irrigation in South Dakota," by N. H. Darton, and " Reservoirs for irrigation," by J. D. Schnyler.

1899.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Part 

IV, Hydrography, 1899; octavo, 814 pp.

Contains a "Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1898," by 

F. H. Newell and others; " The rock waters of Ohio," by Edward Orton, and " Preliminary 

report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third 

meridian," by N. H. Darton.

Part II of the Nineteenth Annual contains a paper on " Principles and conditions of the 

movements of ground water," by F. H. King, and one on " Theoretical investigation of the 

motion of ground waters," by C. S. Slichter.

1900.

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Part 

IV, Hydrography, 1900; octavo, 660 pp.

Contains a " Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1898," by 

F. H. Newell, and "Hydrography of Nicaragua," by A. P. Davis.

Twenty-first Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900, 

Part IV, Hydrography, 1900; octavo, 768 pp.

Contains a " Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1899," by 

F. H. Newell; " Preliminary description of the geology and water resources of the southern 

half of the Black Hills and adjoining regions in South Dakota and Wyoming," by N. H. 

Darton; and " The High Plains and their utilization," by W. D. Johnson.

Bulletins can be obtained only by prepayment of cost, as noted above. Money 

should be transmitted by postal money order or express order, payable to the Director of the United States Geological Survey. Postage stamps, checks, and drafts 

can not be accepted. Correspondence should be addressed to

The Director, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washing-ton, D. C. 

IKK 49
WATER-SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION PAPERS.

1. Pumping water for irrigation, by Herbert M. Wilson, 1896.

2. Irrigation near Phoenix, Arizona, by Arthur P. Davis, 1897.

3. Sewage irrigation, by George W. Rafter, 1897.

4. A reconnoissance in southeastern Washington, by Israel C. Russell, 1897.

5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill, 1897.

6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth, 1897.

7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier, 1897.

8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy, 1897.

9. Irrigation near Greeley, Colorado, by David Boyd, 1897.

10. Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, by F. C. Barker, 1898.

11. River heights for 1896, by Arthur P. Davis, 1897.

12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton, 1898.

13. Irrigation systems in Texas, by W. F. Hutson, 1898.

14. New tests of pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood, 1898. 

15,16. Operations at river stations, 1897, Parts I, II, 1898.

17. Irrigation near Bakersfield, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1898.

18. Irrigation near Fresno, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1898.

19. Irrigation near Merced, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1899.

20. Experiments with windmills, by Thomas O. Perry, 1899.

21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett, 1899.

22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by George W. Rafter, 1899.

23. Water-right problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead, 1899. 

24,25. Water resources of the State of New York, Parts I, II, by G. W. Rafter, 1899. 

26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett, 1899. 

27,28. Operations at river stations, 1898, Parts I, II, 1899.

29. Wells and windmills in Nebraska, by Erwin Hinckley Barbour, 1899.

30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by Alfred C. Lane, 1899.

31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by Alfred C. Lane, 1899.

32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson, 1900.

33. Storage of water on Gila River, Arizona, by J. B. Lippincott, 1900.

34. Geology and water resources of southeastern S. Dak., by J. E. Todd, 1900.

35-39. Operations at river stations, 1899, Parts I-V, 1900.

40. The Austin dam, by Thomas U. Taylor, 1900.

41,42. The windmill: its efficiency and use, Parts I, II, by E. C. Murphy, 1901.

43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, etc., by Samuel Fortier, 1901.

44. Profiles of rivers, by Henry Gannett, 1901.

45. Water storage on Cache Creek, California, by Albert E. Chandler, 1901.

46. Reconn. of Kern and Yuba rivers, Cal., by F. H. Olmsted and M. Manson, 1901.

47-52. Operations at river stations, 1900, Parts I-VI, 1901.

Other papers are in various stages of preparation. Provision has been made for 

printing these by the following clause in the sundry civil act making appropriations for the year 1896-97:

Provided, That hereafter the reports of the Geological Survey in relation to the 

gaging of streams and to the methods of utilizing the water resources may be 

printed in octavo form, not to exceed 100 pages in length and 5,000 copies in number; 1,000 copies of which shall be for the official use of the Geological Survey, 

1,500 copies shall be delivered to the Senate, and 2,500 copies shall be delivered to 

the House of Representatives, for distribution. (Approved, June 11, 1896; Stat. 

L., vol. 29, p. 453.)

The endeavor is made to send these pamphlets to persons who have rendered 

assistance in their preparation through replies to schedules or who have furnished 

data. Requests made for a certain paper and stating a reason for asking for it are 

granted whenever practicable, but it is impossible to comply with general demands, 

such as to have all of the series sent.

Application for these papers should be made either to members of Congress or to 

THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

IKR 49