# Patent

## Title
Web for fluid filled unit formation

## Abstract

A web for the manufacture of fluid filled units with a novel machine and process is disclosed. The web includes an elongate heat sealable, flattened plastic tube comprised of face and back imperforate layers. The layers are imperforately joined together along spaced side edges. The layers include superposed longitudinal lines of weakness disposed generally transversely midway between the side edges. The web has longitudinally spaced, pairs of transverse seals. Each transverse seal extends from a respective side edge to an end near but spaced from the longitudinal lines of weakness. The transverse seal pairs include transverse lines of weakness extending from one side edge to the other generally centrally of each seal in a longitudinal direction. The side edges, transverse seals and lines of weakness together delineating two oppositely oriented strings of pouches with each pouch having three imperforate sides and a centrally located fill opening at its fourth side. The transverse lines of weakness are spaced slightly more than one half the circumference of a cylindrical fluid fill nozzle used to fill the pouches such that the web closely surrounds the nozzle during pouch fluid filling.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/252,365 filed on Oct. 17, 2005 for WEB FOR FLUID FILLED UNIT FORMATION which is a continuation application of U.S patent application Ser. No. 10/408,946 filed on Apr. 8, 2003 for WEB FOR FLUID FILLED UNIT FORMATION, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,955,846.


This invention relates to fluid filled units and more particularly to a novel and improved plastic web of interconnected pouches for use in a machine for, and with a process of, converting the pouches to fluid filled units.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
U.S. Pat. Re Nos. 36,501 reissued Jan. 18, 2000 and RE 36,759 reissued Jul. 4, 2000 respectively entitled “Method for Producing Inflated Dunnage” and “Inflated Dunnage and Method for its Production” and based on original patents respectively issued Sep. 3, 1996 and Dec. 2, 1997 to Gregory A. Hoover et al. (the Hoover Patents) disclose a method for producing dunnage utilizing preopened bags on a roll. The preopened bags utilized in the Hoover patents are of a type disclose in U.S. Pat. No. 3,254,828 issued Jun. 2, 1966 to Hershey Lerner and entitled “Flexible Container Strips” (the Autobag Patent). The preferred bags of the Hoover patents are unique in that the so called tack of outer bag surfaces is greater than the tack of the inner surfaces to facilitate bag opening while producing dunnage units which stick to one another when in use.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,349 issued Mar. 13, 2001 under the title Dunnage Material and Process (the Lerner Patent) discloses a chain of interconnected plastic pouches which are fed along a path of travel to a fill and seal station. As each pouch is positioned at the fill station the pouches are sequentially opened by directing a flow of air through a pouch fill opening to open and then fill the pouch. Each filled pouch is then sealed to create an hermetically closed, inflated dunnage unit. Improvements on the pouches of the Lerner Patent are disclose in copending applications Ser. No. 09/735,345 filed Dec. 12, 2000 and Ser. No. 09/979,256 filed Nov. 21, 2001 and respectively is entitled Dunnage Inflation (the Lerner Applications). The system of the Lerner Patent and Applications is not suitable for packaging liquids. Moreover, since the production of dunnage units by the process described is relatively slow, an accumulator is desirable. An improved accumulator and dispenser for receiving dunnage units manufactured by a dunnage unit formation machine is disclose in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/735,111 filed Dec. 12, 2000 by Rick S. Wehrmann under the title Apparatus and Process for Dispensing Dunnage.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an improved system for filling pouches with fluid to produce dunnage or liquid filled units at high rates of speed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is embodied in a plastic web which enhances the production of fluid filled units which may be dunnage units similar to those produced by the systems of the Lerner Patent and Applications but at greatly improved production rates. Specifically, a novel and improved unit formation web is disclose for use with a novel machine and process. The machine and process are claimed in a concurrently filed application by Hershey Lerner et al, Ser. No. 10/408,947.
The machine includes a rotatable drum having a spaced pair of cylindrically contoured surfaces. An elongated nozzle extends generally tangentially between and from the cylindrical surfaces. In use, the nozzle is inserted into the novel web at a transversely centered position as the web is fed upwardly and around the drum. The web has hermetically closed side edges and longitudinally space pairs of transverse seals. The seals of each pair are spaced a distance equal to slightly more than one half the circumference of the nozzle with which it is intended to be used.
Each transverse seal extends from an associated side seal toward the center of the web such that successive side seals and the associate side edge together define three sides of a pouch to be fluid filled. When the units being formed are dunnage, as the web passes over the nozzle, web pouches are inflated and the web is separated into two chains of inflated pouches as the nozzle assembly separates the web along longitudinal lines of weakness.
The chains are fed by the drum and metal transport belts successively under a plurality of heating and cooling shoes. Each shoe has a spaced pair of arcuate web transport belts engaging surfaces which are complemental with the cylindrical drum surfaces. The shoes are effective to clamp the transport belt and the web against the rotating drum as spaced sets of seals are formed to seal the air inflated pouches and convert the inflated pouches into dunnage units. The dunnage units are separated following their exit from the last of the cooling shoes.
Tests have shown that with pouches having four inch square external dimensions, dunnage units are produced at the rate of eight cubic feet per minute. This contrasts sharply with the machine of the Lerner Patents which produces dunnage units at the rate of three cubic feet per minute.
Accordingly the objects of the invention are to provide a novel and improved web for dunnage formation and a process of dunnage formation.



IN THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the unit formation machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 1 as seen from the plane indicated by the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing a web being fed into the machine;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a heat shoe and a portion of the drum as seen from the plane indicated by the line 3-3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3a is a further enlarged view of the shoe and the drum as seen from the same plane as FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a dunnage embodiment of the machine with components which delineate a air flow path from a supply to and through the cooling shoes and then the inflation nozzle;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a section of the novel and improved Web;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a section of a web as the web pouches are inflated and the web is separated into parallel rows of inflated pouches;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the web including a transverse pair of heat seals;
FIG. 8 is a further enlarged fragmentary view of a central part of the web as located by the circle in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a pair of completed fluid filled units following separation and as they exit the machine; and,
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a preferred support embodiment and a shoe which arrangement is for supporting the shoes in their use positions and for moving them to out of the way positions for machine set up and service.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
While the following description describes a dunnage formation system, it should be recognized the preferred embodiment of the machine is sterilizable so that beverages such as water and fruit juice may be packaged using the novel web, machine and process.
Referring now to the drawings and FIGS. 1 and 2 in particular, a dunnage formation machine is shown generally at 10. The machine includes a rotatable drum 12 which is driven by a motor 14 via a gear box 15 and a belt and pulley arrangement 16, FIG. 2. In the preferred and disclose arrangement, the drum is comprised of spaced annular disks 18.
When the machine is in use a web 20 is fed from a supply, not shown. As is best seen in FIG. 1, the web 20 passes over a guide roll 22 and thence under a guide roll 24 to an inflation station 25. The web 20 is fed around the disks 18 to pass under, in the disclose embodiment, three heat shoes 26 which shoes heat metal transport belts 27 to seal layers of the web. The heat softened web portions and the transport belts then pass under cooling shoes 28 which freeze the seals being formed. As the now inflated and sealed web passes from the cooling shoes individual dunnage units 30 are dispensed.
In practice the machine 10 will be housed within a cabinet which is not shown for clarity of illustration. The cabinet includes access doors with an electrical interlock. When the doors are open the machine may be jogged for set up, but the machine will not operate to produce dunnage units unless the doors are closed and latched.
The Web
Referring now to FIGS. 5-9, the novel and improved web for forming dunnage units is disclose. The web is formed of a heat sealable plastic such as polyethylene. The web includes superposed top and bottom layers connected together at spaced side edges 32. Each of the side edges is a selected one of a fold or a seal such that the superposed layers are hermetically connected along the side edges 32.
A plurality of transverse seal pairs 34 are provided. As best seen in FIGS. 5-7, each transverse seal extends from an associated side edge 32 toward a longitudinally extending pair of lines of weakness 35. The longitudinal lines of weakness 35 are superposed one over the other in the top and bottom layers of the web and are located midway between the side edges. Each transverse seal 34 terminates in spaced relationship with the longitudinal lines of weakness which preferably are in the form of uniform, small perforations. The transverse seal pairs 34 together with the side edges 32 delineate two chains of centrally open side connected, inflatable pouches 37.
As is best seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, transverse lines of weakness 36 are provided. The pouches are separable along the transverse lines 36. Like the longitudinal lines of weakness 35 the transverse lines are preferably perforations but in contrast to the to the longitudinal line perforations each has substantial length. The perforations of the transverse lines 36, in a further contrast with the perforations of the longitudinal lines 35, are not of uniform dimension longitudinally of the lines. Rather, as is best seen in FIG. 8, a pair of small or short perforations 38 is provided in each line. The small perforations 38 of each pair are disposed on opposite sides of and closely spaced from the longitudinal lines 34. Each transverse line of weakness also includes a pair of intermediate length perforations 40 which are spaced and positioned on opposite sides of the small perforations 38. The intermediate perforations extend from unsealed portions of the superposed layers into the respective seals of the associated transverse seal pair. The remaining perforations of each line are longer than the intermediate perforations 40.
The Machine
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the disks 18 are mounted on a tubular shaft 42. The shaft 42 is journaled at 44 for rotation driven by the belt and pulley arrangement 16. The shaft 42 carries a stationary, tubular, nozzle support 45 which extends from around the shaft 42 radially outwardly. A nozzle assembly 46 is carried by a support arm 45A, FIG. 6. The nozzle assembly 46 includes an inflation nozzle 48. As is best seen in FIG. 6, the nozzle 48 is an elongated tube with a closed, generally conical, lead end portion 49. The nozzle 48 when in use extends into the web at a central location transversely speaking. The web transverse lines of weakness are spaced slightly more than a one half the circumference of the nozzle so that the web layers fit closely around the nozzle to minimize leakage of air exiting side passages 51 of the nozzle to inflate the pouches 37.
The nozzle assembly 46 includes a web retainer 50 which guides the web against the nozzle 48. The retainer also functions to cause the web to be longitudinally split along the longitudinal lines of weakness 35 into two strips of inflated pouches.
As is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 3A, each of the heat shoes 26 has a mirror image pair of heat conductive bodies 52. The bodies 52 together define a cylindrical aperture 54, which houses a heating element, not shown. Each heat body 52 includes a seal leg 55 having an arcuate surface substantially complemental with a cylindrical surface of an associated one of the disks 18. In the disclose embodiment the disk surfaces are defined by thermally conductive silicone rubber inserts 18s, FIG. 3A. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 3A, springs 56 bias the legs 55 against the transport belts 27 as the web passes under the heat shoes due to rotation of the drum 12 and its disks 18. The cooling shoes 38 are mounted identically to the heat shoes.
Each cooling shoe 28 includes an expansion chamber 58, FIG. 4. An air supply, not shown, is connected to a chamber inlet 60. Air under pressure is fed through the inlet 60 into the chamber 58 where the air expands absorbing heat and thus cooling the shoe. Exhaust air from the chamber passes through an exit 62. Cooling shoe legs 63 are biased against the web to freeze the heat softened plastic and complete seals.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 cooling shoe exhaust air then passes through a conduit 64 to the tubular shaft 42. Air from the cooling shoes is fed via the conduit 64 and the shaft 42 to a passage 65 in the nozzle support 45. The passage 65 is connected to the nozzle 48. Thus air from the cooling shoes is directed to and through the nozzle 48 and the exit passages 51 into the pouches.
With the now preferred and sterilizable embodiment, cooling shoes 28′ as shown in FIG. 10 are employed has a jacket 67 which surrounds a body having cooling fins shown in dotted lines in FIG. 10. An inlet 60′ is provided at the top of the jacket. Air flowing from the inlet passes over the fins cooling them and the exits from the bottom of the jacket. Each of the shoes 28′ is vented to atmosphere through an outlet 67. The nozzle 48 is directly connected to a supply of fluid under pressure and the shaft 42 may be made of solid material.
A pair of hold down belts 66 are mounted on a set of pulleys 68. The belts 66 are reeved around a major portion of the disks 18. As is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 3A, the belts 66 function to clamp portions of the web 20 against the disks on opposite sides of the shoe legs 55. While test have shown that the machine is fully operable without the belts 66, they are optionally provided to isolate pressurized air in the inflated pouches 37 from the heating and cooling shoes.
A fixed separator 69 is provided. As the inflated pouches approach the exit from the downstream cooling shoe the fixed separator functions to cam them radially outwardly sequentially to separate each dunnage unit from the next trailing unit along the connecting transverse line of weakness except for a small portion under the transport belts 27.
A separator wheel 74 is provided, FIG. 1. The wheel 74 is rotated clockwise as seen in FIG. 1 such that arms 76 are effective to engage completed dunnage units 30 sequentially to complete the separation of each dunnage unit from the web along its trailing transverse line of weakness 36. Thus, the separator wheel is effective to tear the last small connection of each pouch which was under an associated one of the transport belts as the pouch was substantially separated by the fixed separator 69.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, each of the shoes 26, 28 is mounted on an associated radially disposed shaft 71. Clamping arrangements shown generally at 72 are provided to fix each of the shafts 71 in an adjusted position radially of and relative to the drum 12. As is best seen in FIG. 3, each shaft 71 carries a yoke 73. The springs 56 span between yoke pins 75 and shoe pins 75 to bias the shoes against a web 20. A cylinder 70 is provided for elevating a connected yoke and shoe for machine set up and service.
In the now preferred embodiment of FIG. 10, each shoe is pivotally mounted on an arm 78. The arm is also pivotally mounted at 80 on a frame 82. A cylinder 70′ spans between the arm and the frame for elevating the connected shoe for set up and service and for urging the shoes 28 into their operating positions. The heat shoes 26 are, in the now preferred arrangement, identically mounted.
Operation
In operation, the shoes are elevated by energizing the cylinders 70 of FIGS. 1 and 4 or 70′ of FIG. 10. A web 20 is fed along a path of travel over the guide roll 22 and under the guide roll 24 and thence threaded over the inflation nozzle 48. The web is then fed under the transport belts and the retainer 50. As the machine is jogged to feed the web around the discs 18 and the heating and cooling shoes 26,28 the web is split by the nozzle support 55. The split of the web is along the longitudinal line of weakness but the transverse lines of weakness remain intact at this time. Thus, the web portions at opposite ends of the small perforations 38 are of sufficient size and strength to avoid a longitudinal split of the web as the web is fed over the nozzle. Since the transverse seals of each pair are spaced only very slightly more than one half the circumference of the nozzle the web closely surrounds the nozzle to minimize air leakage when the pouches are inflated.
Next the heating and cooling shoes are elevated by actuating either the cylinders 70 or 70′. The web is then fed sequentially, and one at a time, under the heating shoes 26 and the cooling shoes 28. Since the web has been split by the nozzle support 55, there are in fact two parallel paths of travel each with an associated transport belt 27 and chain of side connected and inflated pouches.
Once the web has been fed around the drum to an exit location near the separator wheel 74 and the machine has been jogged until the operator is satisfied the feed is complete and the machine is ready the heat shoe elements will be energized. Air will be supplied to the cooling shoes 28 and the nozzle 48. Next the motor 14 will be energized to commence machine operation.
As we have suggested, one of the outstanding features of the invention is that the web closely surrounds and slides along the nozzle. The close surrounding is assured by the transverse seals being spaced a distance substantially equal to one half the circumference of the nozzle 48. Thus, the two web layers together delineate a nozzle receiving space which will closely surround an inserted nozzle. As the web advances the pouches 37 on opposed sides of the nozzle will be filled efficiently by fluid under pressure exiting the nozzle passages 51 in opposed streams. Where dunnage units are being formed the fluid will be air. The web is then split by the nozzle support into two chains of side connected and fluid filled pouches respectively traveling along associated ones of the two paths of travel.
Each of the chains is fed under spaced legs 55 of the heating shoes 26 to effect heat seals. As the web passes under cooling shoe legs 63 the seals are frozen and the pouches are separated along most of the length of transverse lines of weakness by the separator. Facile separation is assured by the long perforations because the remaining connections of the web across the transverse seals are short in transverse dimension and few in number.
When the pouches exit the last of the cooling shoes, they have been formed into finished dunnage units 30. The finished units 30 are sequentially completely separated from the web by the arms 76 of the separation wheel 74.
While the system as disclosed and described in the detailed description is directed to dunnage, again, as previously indicated, units filled with fluids other than air such as water and fruit juices can be produced with the same machine, process and web.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction, operation and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

## Claims

1. A web for the manufacture of fluid filled units comprising:
elongate heat sealable, flattened plastic face and back layers;
the layers being imperforately joined together at a side edge;
the layers being joined by longitudinally spaced transverse seals;
the side edge and transverse seals together delineating a string of pouches with each pouch having two imperforate sections, three imperforate sides and a fill opening at a fourth side;
transverse lines of weakness extending away from the fourth side toward the side edge, wherein the transverse lines of weakness are defined by perforations, the perforations including shorter perforations nearest to the fourth side that are shorter in length than the lengths of longer perforations that extend away from the shorter perforations toward the side edge.

2. The web of claim 1 wherein the side edge is defined by a selected one of a fold and a seal.

3. The web of claim 1 wherein at least some of the transverse lines of perforations are disposed in the transverse seals.

4. The web of claim 1 wherein each of the transverse seals includes a transverse line of weakness.

5. The web of claim 1 wherein the longer transverse perforations are elongate and closely spaced such that sides of successive pouches are lightly tacked together for facile separation following inflation and sealing.

6. The web of claim 1 wherein the layers are split during an inflation process to form a split edge at the fourth side.

7. A plastic web for the manufacture of fluid filled units comprising:
elongate flattened top and bottom layers;
the layers being longitudinally joined at a side edge by a selected one of a fold and a seal;
longitudinally spaced transverse seals, the seals extending from the side edge toward but spaced from a split edge of the layers;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced transverse lines of weakness extending away from the side edge toward the split edge; wherein the transverse lines of weakness comprise perforations including relatively short perforations extending away from the split edge toward the side edge and longer perforations that extend away from the short perforations toward the side edge.

8. The web of claim 7 wherein there are spaced sets of large perforations with the sets respectively solely in an associated transverse seal.

9. The web of claim 7 wherein the longer transverse perforations are elongate and closely spaced such that sides of successive pouches are lightly tacked together for separation following inflation and sealing.

10. The web of claim 7 wherein the layers apart from the said lines of weakness are imperforate.

11. The web of claim 7 wherein the layers are split during an inflation process to form the split edge.

12. A web for the manufacture of fluid filled units comprising:
elongate heat sealable, flattened plastic face and back layers including imperforate sections;
the layers being imperforately joined together at a side edge by at least one of a fold and a seal;
the layers being joined by longitudinally spaced pairs of transverse seals, each transverse seal extends from the side edge and terminates in a spaced relationship with a split edge of the layers;
transverse lines of weakness between at least some of the pairs of transverse seals extending away from the split edge toward the side edge in a longitudinal direction of the seals;
the side edge and pairs of transverse seals together delineating a string of pouches with each pouch having two imperforate sections, three imperforate sides and a centrally located fill opening at its fourth side; and,
wherein the transverse lines of weakness being defined by spaced perforations extending through both layers with the perforations nearest to the split edge of the layers being shorter in length than the lengths of other perforations that are spaced further from the split edge and extend toward the side edge.

13. The web of claim 12 wherein a transverse line of weakness is disposed between each of the pairs of transverse seals.

14. A plastic web for the manufacture of fluid filled units comprising:
an elongate flattened top and bottom layers;
the layers being longitudinally joined a side edge;
longitudinally spaced transverse seals, the seals extending from the side edge toward but spaced from a split edge of the layers;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced transverse lines of weakness each between an associated pair of said transverse seals and extending away from the split edge toward the side edge; and
the transverse lines of weakness being perforations including relatively short perforations extending away from the split edge toward the side edge and longer perforations that extend away from the short perforations to the side edge.