A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

U.S. Department of Education

NCES 2007-380
U.S. Department of Education

Margaret Spellings

Secretary

Institute of Education Sciences

Grover J. Whitehurst

Director

National Center for Education Statistics

Mark Schneider

Commissioner

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Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 

A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools. NCES 2007-380 Project Officer: 

Barbara Holton. Washington, DC: 2007.

Content Contact

Kerry Gruber

(202) 502-7349

Kerry.Gruber@ed.gov
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

Contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Private School Heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

Introduction

SASS covers both public and private schools. On the private side, 

SASS provides data about schools, principals or school heads and 

teachers. In 2003-04, SASS questionnaires were sent out to about 

3,600 private schools and principals or school heads, and 9,900 

teachers. The private school sample is large enough to provide good 

data for private school affiliation groups, as well as for the nation 

as a whole.

The SASS survey design for private schools starts with a sample of 

schools. Then, the principal or school head is included, along with 

about three to eight teachers. This design provides policymakers, 

researchers, educators, and the general public with a broad range of 

information on the conditions of schools and staffing in the United 

States.

The schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) is the nation’s most extensive 

sample survey of elementary and secondary schools and the teachers 

and administrators who staff them. Sponsored by the National 

Center for Education for Education Statistics (NCES), SASS has 

been conducted five times: in schools years 1987-88, 1990-91, 1993-

94, 1999-2000, and 2003-04 by the United States Census Bureau. 

This brochure displays some the private school data results from the 

2003-04 SASS.
 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

The illustrative statistics presented below are taken from the 2003-

04 SASS report, Characteristics of Schools, Districts, Teachers, 

Principals, and School Libraries in the United States, 2003-04 

Schools and Staffing Survey, available at http://nces.ed.gov/

pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2006313. 

• In the 2003-04 school year, there were an estimated 28,384 

private schools educating 5,059,400 private school students in 

grades K-12. About 467,400 full-time and part-time teachers 

taught in private schools (table 1).

Table 1. Number of private school students, teachers, schools, and principals, by selected school characteristics: 2003-04

Selected school characteristic Students Teachers1 Schools Principals1

All private schools 5,059,400 467,400 28,384 27,690

School classification

 Catholic 2,320,000 164,000 7,919 7,900

Other religious 1,746,500 178,300 13,659 13,092

 Nonsectarian 992,900 125,100 6,806 6,698

School level 

 Elementary 2,676,000 222,900 17,331 16,748

 Secondary 832,300 76,700 2,657 2,514

Combined 1,551,200 167,800 8,397 8,427 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

1 Includes full-andpart-timeheadcounts.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

NOTE: Detail maynot sum tototalsbecauseof rounding. Thetablenumbers (e.g., table4) inthisbrochurearenotalways thesameas thoseusedinthefull report; theoriginal reportnumbersareincludedinthesourcenotefor

eachtable.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-

313,Table1. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

Schools

• Of students enrolled in private schools, the racial and ethnic 

origin composition was 77 percent non-Hispanic White,

9 percent non-Hispanic Black, 8 percent Hispanic (of any race), 

Table 2. Percentage distribution of private school students, by sex, race/ethnicity, percentage minority, and selected school characteristics: 2003-04

Sex Race/ethnicity

Selected school characteristic Male Female White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic

Hispanic, 

regardless of race

American Indian/

Alaska Native

Asian/Pacific 

Islander Minority1

All private schools 49.8 50.2 76.5 9.3 8.3 0.8 5.0 23.5

School classification

 Catholic 48.5 51.5 74.1 8.5 11.3 0.9 5.1 25.9

 Other religious 49.7 50.3 80.0 10.3 5.5 0.7 3.5 20.0

Nonsectarian 53.0 47.0 75.9 9.4 6.1 0.9 7.7 24.1

School level 

 Elementary 50.4 49.6 74.3 10.3 9.1 1.1 5.2 25.7

 Secondary 48.5 51.5 76.4 7.9 9.7 0.6 5.4 23.6

 Combined 49.5 50.5 80.4 8.4 6.1 0.6 4.5 19.6 

1

MinorityincludesBlack,non-Hispanic; Hispanic, regardlessof race; AmericanIndian/Alaska Native;and Asian/Pacific Islander.

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2007-313,Table2. 		 	

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

5 percent Asian or Pacific Islander, and 1 percent American 

Indian or Alaska Native (table 2). 
 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

• Forty-three percent of private schools had one or more students 

with an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Among private 

schools, about 4 percent of students, on average, had an IEP. 

Table 3. Number and percentage of private schools that had students with an Individual Education Plan (IEP) and percentage of enrolled students who had an IEP, by 

selected school characteristics: 2003-04 

Selected school characteristic

Number of schools that had 

any students with an IEP

Percent of all schools that had 

any students with an IEP

Percent of enrolled students 

who had an IEP

All private schools 12,108 42.7 4.0

School classification

 Catholic 4,864 61.4 2.3

 Other religious 3,911 28.6 2.6

 Nonsectarian 3,333 49.0 10.4

Student enrollment

 Less than 100 4,541 33.7 12.6

 100-199 3,325 53.1 5.5

200-499 3,406 51.3 2.4

 500-749 556 45.3 2.8

 750 or more 279 37.0 1.2 

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,” NCES2006-313,Table3.

The smallest schools were more likely to have students with an 

IEP (13 percent), compared to students in private schools in 

each of the other enrollment categories (table 3). 
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

• Fifty-five percent of private schools reported having beforeschool or after-school day care programs. Private schools 

located in central city locations were more likely to have these 

programs (69 percent) than schools located elsewhere (table 

4). 

Table 4. Percentage of private schools that offered particular programs or services at the school for students, regardless of funding source, by selected school 

characteristics: 2003-04 

Programs or services available during the 2003-04 school year

Summer school activities or academic intersessions 

available during the summer of 2003 or the 

previous school year (2002-03)”

Selected school characteristic

A separate, self-contained 

program for students with 

discipline or adjustment 

problems

Medical health care 

services beyond those 

provided by a school 

nurse

Extended day program 

providing instruction beyond the 

normal school day for students who 

need academic assistance

Before-school or 

after-school day care 

programs

Providing academic 

assistance for enrolled 

students

Providing academic 

advancement or 

enrichment for enrolled 

students

All private schools 5.6 4.0 21.0 55.3 34.5 27.2

School classification

 Catholic 0.9 2.1 19.0 65.0 30.8 22.6

 Other religious 3.7 2.1 20.7 48.5 30.8 22.8

 Nonsectarian 15.0 10.2 23.7 57.5 46.2 41.4

Community type

 Central city 5.6 3.4 24.1 69.3 39.8 31.5

 Urban fringe/large town 5.9 3.7 20.2 53.7 33.2 27.7

 Rural/small town 4.7 6.5 16.5 29.7 27.1 16.3

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table11.	 	

	 	 	 	 	 	
 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

Teachers

• Among private school teachers, 88 percent were non-Hispanic 

White, 5 percent were Hispanic, 4 percent were non-Hispanic 

Black, about 2 percent were non-Hispanic Asian, less than 1 

Table 5. Percentage distribution of private school teachers by race/ethnicity and selected school characteristics: 2003-04

Race/ethnicity

Selected school 

characteristic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic

American Indian/

Alaska Native, 

non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic

Native Hawaiian or 

other Pacific Islander, 

non-Hispanic

Hispanic, 

single or 

multiple races

Multiple races, 

non-Hispanic1

All private schools 88.0 4.0 0.4 1.8 0.2 4.8 0.6

School classification

 Catholic 88.6 3.0 0.2 1.6 0.2 6.2 0.3

 Other religious 88.7 5.0 0.5 1.4 0.1 3.8 0.5

 Nonsectarian 86.5 3.9 0.6 2.8 0.4 4.5 1.2

Community type

 Central city 83.7 6.1 0.5 2.6 0.4 5.9 0.8

 Urban fringe/large town 90.0 2.9 0.3 1.5 0.1 4.6 0.6

 Rural/small town 94.8 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.1 1.9 0.3

1 Multipleraces,non-Hispanic includesallnon-Hispanic respondents whoselected morethanonerace.

NOTE:Teachers includebothfull-timeandpart-timeteachers. Detail maynot sum tototalsbecauseof rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table18.	 	

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

percent were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, 

and less than 1 percent were non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or 

Other Pacific Islander (table 5). 
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

• Thirty-two percent of private school teachers had 3 or fewer 

years of full-time teaching experience, and 68 percent reported 

having 4 or more years of full-time teaching experience. There 

was no measurable difference between the percentage of teachers 

Table 6. Percentage distribution of private school teachers by total years of full-time teaching experience, years teaching at current school, and selected school 

characteristics: 2003-04 

Full-time teaching experience Years teaching at current school

Selected school characteristic 3 or fewer years 4 or more years 3 or fewer years 4 or more years

All private schools 31.7 68.3 49.4 50.6

School classification

Catholic 26.1 73.9 44.5 55.5

 Other religious 37.6 62.4 53.4 46.6

 Nonsectarian 30.6 69.4 50.0 50.0

Community type

 Central city 29.2 70.8 47.4 52.6

 Urban fringe/large town 32.9 67.1 49.5 50.5

 Rural/small town 35.1 64.9 56.1 43.9

	 	 	 	 	 	

NOTE:Teachers includebothfull-timeandpart-timeteachers. Detail maynot sum tototalsbecauseof rounding.		 	 	 	 	

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table21.	 	

	 	 	 	

with 3 or fewer years experience teaching in urban fringe/large 

towns (33 percent) compared to those with the same amount 

of teaching experience who were teaching elsewhere (table 6).
 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

• The average academic year base teaching salary for regular fulltime teachers in private schools was $31,700. Twenty-three 

percent of private school regular full-time teachers reported 

earning additional compensation from the same school for 

work involving extracurricular activities. On average, they 

earned $2,400 for this work (table 7). 

Table 7. Average base salary and earnings from salary supplements during the current school year for regular full-time private school teachers, by selected school 

characteristics: 2003-04 

Salary Supplements

Selected school 

characteristic

Average academic 

year base teaching 

salary of regular fulltime teachers

Extracurricular activities 

in same school

Other school sources 

(merit pay bonus, state supplement, other) Job outside the school

Percent Average amount Percent Average amount Percent Average amount

All private schools $31,700 23.1 $2,400 6.0 $1,800 20.4 $5,400

School classification

 Catholic 31,900 27.4 2,200 4.9 2,100 20.2 5,000

 Other religious 27,100 18.2 2,600 5.9 1,700 19.5 6,300

 Nonsectarian 36,900 23.5 2,500 7.7 1,600 21.7 5,000

School level 

 Elementary 29,800 15.3 2,200 5.0 1,400 17.6 5,000

 Secondary 37,000 46.0 2,300 7.2 2,700 27.0 6,000

 Combined 31,700 23.1 2,600 6.9 1,700 21.1 5,600

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

NOTE: A regular full-timeteacher isanyteacher whoseprimarypositioninaschool isnotanitinerant teacher,along-term substitute,ashort-term substitute,astudent teacher,ateacheraide,anadministrator,alibrary mediaspecialistor librarian,another

typeofprofessional staff (e.g., counselor, curriculum coordinator, social worker)or support staff (e.g., secretary),orapart-timeteacher.

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table23.	
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 

• Regular full-time teachers in private schools reported that 

they were required to work an average of 38 hours to receive 

their base pay during a typical full week. On average, regular 

full-time private school teachers spent 29 hours per week 

on delivering instruction to a class of students. In total, they 

reported spending 52 hours on all teaching and other schoolrelated activities during a typical full week (table 8).

Table 8. Average number of hours per week that regular full-time private school teachers spent on selected activities during a typical full week, by selected school 

characteristics: 2003-04 

Average hours per week

Selected school characteristic

Total hours spent on all teaching and 

other school-related activities during a typical full week

Required to work to receive 

base pay during a typical full week 

Spent delivering instruction 

to a class of students

All private schools 52.5 38.4 28.9

School classification

 Catholic 53.2 37.7 29.2

 Other religious 51.8 38.5 29.4

 Nonsectarian 52.3 39.2 27.9

Community type

 Central city 52.5 38.3 28.7

 Urban fringe/large town 52.5 38.4 28.8

 Rural/small town 52.3 38.8 29.8

NOTE: A regular full-timeteacher isanyteacher whoseprimarypositioninaschool isnotanitinerant teacher,along-term substitute,ashort-term substitute,astudent teacher,ateacheraide,anadministrator,alibrary mediaspecialistor librarian,another

typeofprofessional staff (e.g., counselor, curriculum coordinator, social worker)or support staff (e.g., secretary),orapart-timeteacher.

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table26.	 	

	 	
10 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

Private School Heads

Table 9. Percentage distribution of private school principals by race/ethnicity and selected school characteristics: 2003-04

Race/ethnicity

Selected school characteristic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic

American Indian/

Alaska Native, 

non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic

Native Hawaiian or 

other Pacific Islander, 

non-Hispanic

Hispanic, 

single or multiple 

races

Multiple races, 

non-Hispanic1

All private schools 89.8 5.2 0.6 1.2 0.1 3.0 0.2

School classification

 Catholic 93.1 2.0 # 0.6 # 4.2 0.1

 Other religious 89.3 6.9 1.0 0.8 # 1.6 0.4

 Nonsectarian 86.8 5.6 0.3 2.6 0.4 4.2 0.1

Community type

 Central city 84.0 9.4 0.3 2.3 0.1 3.6 0.3

 Urban fringe/large town 91.9 3.4 0.4 0.8 0.1 3.3 0.2

 Rural/small town 96.0 1.5 2.0 # # 0.3 0.2

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

#Rounds tozero.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 1 Multipleraces,non-Hispanic includesallnon-Hispanic respondents whoselected morethanonerace. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

NOTE: Detail maynot sum tototalsbecauseof rounding. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table27.	 	

	 	 	 	 	 	 	

percent were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, 

and less than 1 percent were non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or 

Other Pacific Islander (table 9).

• Among all private school heads, 90 percent were non-Hispanic 

White, 5 percent were non-Hispanic Black, 3 percent were 

Hispanic, about 1 percent were non-Hispanic Asian, less than 1 
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 11

• The average annual salary for private school heads was 

$48,000. Private school heads in secondary schools had salaries 

($63,700) that were higher than those in elementary ($45,700) 

Table 10. Average annual salary for private school principals and average annual salary by years of experience as a principal, by selected school characteristics: 

2003-04 

Average annual salary for principals by years of experience

Selected school characteristic Average annual salary Fewer than 3 years 3-9 years 10 years or more

All private schools $48,000 $39,800 $46,800 $53,700

School classification

 Catholic 48,800 45,600 49,000 50,300

 Other religious 38,800 31,500 36,500 45,500

 Nonsectarian 65,200 51,400 66,800 71,800

School level 

 Elementary 45,700 38,400 44,300 51,100

 Secondary 63,700 54,500 62,900 69,700

 Combined 48,100 38,600 45,900 54,700

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table30.	 	

	 	 	

and combined schools ($48,100). The average salaries of private 

school heads in elementary schools and combined schools were 

not measurably different (table 10).
12 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

• Private school heads spent an average of 55 hours per week 

on all school-related activities which included an average of 22 

hours per week interacting with students (table 11).

Table 11. Average hours per week that private school principals spend on all school related activities and interacting with students, by selected school characteristics: 

2003-04

Selected school 

characteristic 

Average hours per week

Total hours spent on all school-related activities Interacting with students

All private schools 54.6 22.1

School classification

 Catholic 58.8 20.6

 Other religious 52.0 23.7

 Nonsectarian 54.7 21.0

Community type

 Central city 55.8 21.2

 Urban fringe/large town 54.9 22.2

 Rural/small town 51.2 24.3

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,” NCES2006-313,Table31.	
A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools 13

• Sixty-one percent of all private schools reported having a salary 

schedule for teachers. Among private schools that had salary 

schedules, the average yearly base teaching salary for teachers 

Table 12. Percentage of private schools that had salary schedules for teachers and among those that had salary schedules, the average yearly base teacher salary, by 

various levels of degrees and experience and community type: 2003-04 

Among private schools that had salary schedules, average yearly base teacher salary for:

 Community type

Percent with 

salary schedules 

for teachers

Bachelor’s degree 

and no teaching 

experience

Bachelor’s degree and 

10 years of teaching 

experience

Master’s degree1

and no teaching 

experience

Master’s degree2

and 10 years 

of teaching experience

Highest possible 

step on the

salary schedule

All private schools 61.1 $23,300 $29,200 $26,300 $32,300 $39,300

School classification

Catholic 91.5 23,900 29,400 26,300 32,200 41,600

 Other religious 52.0 21,400 26,800 24,600 29,900 35,000

 Nonsectarian 43.9 26,400 34,600 30,700 38,300 44,100

Community type

 Central city 66.7 24,100 30,200 27,200 33,400 41,000

 Urban fringe/large town 59.9 23,500 29,400 26,400 32,600 40,200

 Rural/small town 52.5 20,300 25,100 23,200 27,800 31,400

1 A teacher witha master’sdegreeor itsequivalent incredithoursbeyondabachelor’sdegree. 2 A teacher witha master’sdegreeor itsequivalent incredithours.

SOURCE: U.S. DepartmentofEducation, NationalCenter forEducationStatistics,“CharacteristicsofSchools, Districts,Teachers,Principals,andSchoolLibraries inthe UnitedStates,2003-04SchoolsandStaffingSurvey,”NCES2006-313,Table33.	 	

	 	 	 	 	

with a bachelor’s degree and no teaching experience was 

$23,300. The average yearly salary at the highest step on the 

salary schedule was $39,300 (table 12).
14 A Brief Profile of America’s Private Schools

Notes

The 2003-04 SASS covered three school sectors: public, Bureau of 

Indian Affairs (BIA), and private. Public schools include traditional 

public schools and public charter schools. Traditional public schools 

are defined as institutions that provide educational services for at 

least one of grades 1-12 (or comparable ungraded levels), have one 

or more teachers to give instruction, are located in one or more 

buildings, receive public funds as primary support, and are operated 

by an education agency. They include regular, special education, 

vocational/technical, and alternative schools. They also include 

schools in juvenile detention centers, and domestic schools located 

on military bases and operated by the Department of Defense. 

Public charter schools are public schools that, in accordance with 

an enabling state statute, have been granted a charter exempting 

them from selected state or local rules and regulations. BIA-funded 

schools are schools that are funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs 

and may be operated by the BIA, a local tribe, or private contractor. 

Private schools are schools not in the public system that provide 

instruction for any of grades 1-12 (or comparable ungraded levels). 

The instruction must be given in a building that is not used primarily 

as a private home.

If you have specific questions about SASS, e-mail sassdata@ed.gov

or call 1-800-221-1204 toll-free (Eastern time).

The SASS website (http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass) provides a complete list of publications that report findings from SASS. Reports 

can be downloaded or a paper copy can be ordered at no cost, 

while supplies last, from ED PUBS at 1-877-4ED-PUBS, or online at 

http://www.edpubs.org.

Reference

• U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education 

Statistics, Characteristics of Schools, Districts, Teachers, 

Principals, and School Libraries in the United States, 2003-04 

Schools and Staffing Survey, NCES 2006-313 Revised.