DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

JOHN BARTON PAYNB, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 474

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1918

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and 

C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the 

STATES OF WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

JOHN BARTON PAYNE, Secretary .&

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 474

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1918

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASH

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and 

C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the 

STATES OF WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FEOM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

"WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

16 CENTS PHR COPY
CONTENTS.

f Page.

Authorization and scope of work............................................. 5

Definition of terms..............................................'............. 6

Explanation of data........................................................ 7

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................... 8

Cooperation................................................................ 9

Division of work.......................................................... 10

Gaging-station records...................................................... 10

Streams tributary to Lake Superior^..................................... 10

Bad River near Odanah, Wis........................................ 10

Montreal River at Ironwood,-Mich.................................. 12

West Branch of Montreal River at Gile, Wis.......................... 13

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan.................................... 14

Menominee River below Koss, Mich................................. 14

Pine River near Florence ,Wis....................................... 17

Pike River at Amberg, Wis........................................... 19

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis...................... 21

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis...................................... 23

Fox River at Berlin, Wis..............!.......................... 25

Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstown, Wis............ 27

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis......................................... 29

Wolf River at New London, Wis....................................... 31

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis................................... 33

Waupaca River near Waupaca, Wis.................................. 35

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis................................ 36

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wia.. ..........*.................. 38

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111.................................. 40

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich................................ 42

Streams tributary to Lake Huron....................................... 42

Tittawabassee River at Freeland, Mich............................. 42

Streams tributary to Lake Erie............................................. 44

Huron River at Barton, Mich...................................... 44

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.........................:.......... 45

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y............................... 46

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... 48

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y............................ 48

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y......................................... 50

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.................................. 52

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............. 54

Genesee River near Rochester, N. Y................................. 56

Canaseraga Creek at Cumminsville, N. Y.............................. 58

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y.......................... 59

Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y........................... 61

Keshequa Creek at Craig Colony, Sonyea, N. Y..................... 62

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.................................. 64

3
4 . CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued. Page.

West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y............ 66

Black River near Boonville, N. Y.................................. 66

Black River at Black River, N. Y.................................. 69

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y................................ 71

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y..............." 72

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................... 74

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y................... 76

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y................ 77

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River................................. 79

East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y............. 79

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y........................... 81

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y............ 82

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y................................ 84

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y............................. 86

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y............ 87

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y................................ 88

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y................................. 90

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.................................. 92

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 93

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt...................................... 94

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................... 96

Dog River at Northfield, Vt.......................................... 98

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt................................... ,.100

Green River at Garfield, Vt......................................... 102

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.................................. 104

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 106

Index.................................................................... 109

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources.......... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station...............

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens continuous; B, Gurley printing; 

C, Friez....................................................
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN, 1918.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1918.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained 

in the organic law (20 Sta$. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction cf the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1886 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid west. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

- For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, 

and for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the 

preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1895-1919.

' 1895......................................................... $12,500

1896......................................................... 20, 000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... ,50, 000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100, 000

1903 to 1906, inclusive............................'........... 200, 000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100, 000

1911 to 1917,inclusive....................................... 150,000

1918..................................................'..... 175,000

1919....................................................... 148,244.10

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in 

collecting data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind 

are made hi connection with the description of each^station affected 

cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 9.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,500 

points in the United States and also at many points hi Alaska and 

the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1918, 1,180 gaging stations were 

being maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. 

Many miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other

5
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

points. In connection with this work data were also collected in 

regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in many sections of the country and will be 

made available in water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile,.and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and acre-feet. 

They may be defined as follows:

"Second.-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing 

run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed hi depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determine the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same 

section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of the river 

would fall if there were no flow.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 474 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
O. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 474 PLATE II

 O {*'>- ,*!^.» , .« , ,...,71*, ',atSt:s

A STEVENS CONTINUOUS. B. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV. 7 

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented .in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1917, and ending September 30, 1918. At the beginning of January in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in 

the preceding three months is stored as ground water in the form of 

snow or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water 

passes off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end 

of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available 

for run-off is possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the 

run-off for the year beginning October 1 is practically all derived 

from precipitation within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of 

discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The 

general methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving 

results of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge 

and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation, covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream for 

log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and eSect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the 

mean daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

day. If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the 

mean daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at 

regular intervals during the day, or by using the'discharge integrator, 

an instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and 

containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height, and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger 

than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column 

headed "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the 

day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed 

"Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the 

month. On this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are defined on page 6, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added 

to the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to 

the rating table to obtain the daily discharge. 1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined/' 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

Tha monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches may 

be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, or by 

inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the flow of 

the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" and 

"Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such errors 

appear probable. The computations are also omitted for stations on

1 For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C. 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59,1916.
COOPERATION. 9

streams drainage areas in which the annual rainfall is less than 20 

inches. All figures representing ''second-feet per square mile" and 

"run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the Survey 

should be used with caution because of possible inherent sources of 

error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The work in Wisconsin during the year ending September 30, 1918, 

was done in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, 

C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and at certain stations with the following organizations: Menominee & Marinette Light &. Traction Co., 

Edward Daniel, general manager (Menominee ( River below Koss, 

Mich.); Corps of Engineers, United States Army (Wolf River at 

New London, Fox River at Berlin, and Fox River at Rapide Croche 

dam); United States Indian Office (Wolf River at Keshena).

The station on Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111., was maintained in cooperation with division of waterways of the Illinois 

Department of Public Works and Buildings,, W. L. Sackett, director.

The gage reader for Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., was paid 

by Gardner S. Williams. ^

Work in the State of "New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor and since 

July 1, 1911, with the division of inland waters of the Sta-te Conservation Commission as provided by an act of the State legislature.

The water-stage recorder on Genessee River at Rochester, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Rochester Railway & Light Co.

The water-stage recorder on Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the International Paper Co.

The work in Vermont has been carried on in cooperation with the 

State of Vermont, Horace F. Graham, governor, and Herbert M. 

Mclntosh, State engineer, and at certain stations in cooperation 

with the following organizations and individuals: Vermont Marble 

Co. (Otter Creek at Middlebury); the department of civil engineering 

of Norwich University (Dog River at Northfield); Newport Electric 

Light Co. (Clyde River at West Derby). '
10 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

» - I

DIVISION OF WORK. \

The data for stations in the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan 

drainage basins in Wisconsin and Illinois were collected and prepared 

for publication under the direction of W. G. H0yt, district engineer, 

assisted by S. B. Soule", H. C. Beckman, L. L. Smith, T. G. Bedford, 

A. M. Wahl, and H. S. Wahl.

Data for stations in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

C. C. Covert, district engineer, assisted by O.jW. Hartwell, E. D. 

Burchard, J. W. Moulton, Max Hr Carson, and W. A. James.

Data for stations in Vermont were collected aijid prepared for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer, assisted 

by O, W. Hartwell, H. W. Fear, M. R. Stackpole, J. W. Moulton, 

and Hope Hearn.

The manuscript was assembled by B. J. Peterson.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

BAD RIVER NEAR ODANAH, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 25, T. 47 N?, R. 3'W., 8 miles upstream from Odanah, Ashland 

County, 12 miles above mouth. Potato River enters from right about 8 miles 

above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale^ 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 31, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAG&. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder, installe«i March 31, 1915, over a, 

wooden well, just above the first falls in the river abovathe mouth; a Gurley 

water-stage recorder at the same site was used July 31, 1914, to March 31; 1915.

DISCHAR&E MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 700 feet upstream from the

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed sand and gravel. Rock outcrops at the beginning of 

rapids about 200 feet below the gage form a permanent control. During logdriving periods logs may collect on the outcrop and cause backwater at the gage. 

Right bank high, not subject to overflow; left bank of medium height and maybe overflowed during extremely high water.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.61 feet at 9 p. m. 

June 1 (discharge 8,590 second-feet); minimum open-Ttvater stage 0.82 foot, afternoon of August 27, (discharge about 88 second-feet). Discharge'during January 

and February may have been slightly less than 88 second-feet. 

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded 6.66 feet at 1 a. m., April 22, 1916 (discharge 12,200 second-feet);. minimum stage recorded that of August 27,1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A number of small reservoirs are operated during the early spring and 

summer as an aid to log driving. During such periods the stage may fluctuate 

rapidly.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent, except when affected by ice; 

rating curve well defined between 80 and 7,270 second-feet; above 7,270 secondfeet extended and may be subject to considerable error1 Operation of water-stage
STR S TRIBUTAKY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 11

recorder satisfactory except during winter period. Daily discharge ascertained as 

follows: October 1-15, by use of discharge integrator; October 16 to December 2, 

and March 22 to September 30 by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

height obtained by planimeter from recorder graph, except April 18-20, which 

was interpolated ;* December 2 to March 21, determined, because of ice, from 

discharge measurements, and comparisons with records of flow in adjacent drain- 

» age basins. Open-water records good; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

T^ftn fXVt

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

1.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

123

106

Date.

Apr. 27c

Aug. 34d

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

376

116

a Made through complete ice cover at the gage section. Measured discharge probably too low because of 

low velocity in measuring section, 

b Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. 

c Made at cable section; a few logs lodged on control. 

d Made by wading.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., for the yetir ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3 .............

4..............

fi... ..........

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16............ .

17............ .

18...........;..

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

280

260

250

240

230

230

245

255

270

270

270

270

280

320

350

435

526

940

1590

1660

1590

1370

1160

1030

QOA

860

con

Qon

800

760

694

Nov.

649

601

568

542

518

510 *494

486

470

463

442

421

407

407

400

380

380

368

36S

329

361

348

348

329

QOQ

317

311 <ill

Dec.

305

294

275

1 190

140

Jan.

110

Feb.

[ 100

Mar.

100

440

1850

1850

1850

1660

1400

1240

1250

1260

1140 1070

Apr.

1590

1460

1180

1050

990

1010

1120

1150

970

910

770

712

780

730

780

810

900

900

900

900

900

1050

910

890

790

685

435

486

830

1300

May.

1250

1200

950

930

750

800

750

840

820

M470

1850

1530

1430

1130

1050

980

QQA

850

1160

1780

1780

1780

1920

2860

3420

9fcfifl

2360'

1780

2200

June.

6960

6340

3730

2520

1780

1530

1120

930

1250

1340

990

910

658

577

394

368

269

247

247

203

193

183

177

158

153

158

158

148

153

July.

183

177

372

188

236

188

167

144

139

139

134

129

125

129

134

134

144

139

134

134

129

129

129

129

129

116

172

158

153

Aug.

139

129

116

120

158

258

264

253

253

253

264

299

JS3

214

100

158

139

129

125

125

116

116

100

96

96

153

158

198

Sept.

209

188

167

100

108

1 f>3

193

183

167

153

1 PO

158

177

374

361

305

 264

01 Q

193

183

172

153

139

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 3 to Mar. 21; discharge Apr. 18-20 interpolated. 

Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

December .... ...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.660 

649

January .......................... . ! ......

March ............. ... ... ... ... ... . . . . . ...

July..................... .......... . ........

1,590 

3,420 

6,9*50 

236 

299 

374

6.960

~ 1

Minimum.

230 

311

435 

750 

148 

116 

96 

100

Mean.

646 

418 

182 

110 

100 

668 

930 

1,510 

1.140 

118 

171 

183

519

Per 

square 

mile.

1.06 

.689 

.300 

.181 

.165 

1.10 

1.53 

2.49 

1.88 

.244 

.282 

.301

.855

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area). /

1.22

.77 

.35 

.21 

.17 

1.27 

1.71 

2.87 

2.10 

.28 

.33 

.34

11.62

MONTREAL RIVER AT IROBTWOOD, MIOH.

LOCATION. At main highway bridge on State line between Hurley, Wis., and Ironwood, Mich., about 8 miles upstream from junction of West Branch, and 22 miles 

above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. About 73 square miles (measured on Hixon's County Atlas; scale, 

1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 24 to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge, read by W. A. 

Markert.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from wooden bridge at lumber mill, one-fourth 

mile above gage, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at and downstream from gage fairly heavy gravel; 

fairly permanent. Concrete retaining walls on both sides of the river below the 

gage prevent overflow at flood stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 3.1 feet, June 2 (discharge, 

about 455 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.71 foot July 23 (discharge, 

about*2.9 second-feet).

REGULATION. Water stored in Pine Lake, in sees. 28, 29, 32, and 33, T. 44 N., R. 3 E., 

is used to increase the water supply for Ironwood and Hurley during periods 

of low flow; effect of this regulation on flow at station probably slight.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation assumed fairly permanent except as affected 

by ice during winter months. Rating curve poorly defined below 275 secondfeet, and extended above. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating table. Records probably 

fair.

Discharge measurements of Montreal River at Ironwood, Mich., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Aug. 23

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............ ..................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.68

2.04

.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

74

150

6.4
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 13

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Montreal River at Ironwood, Midi., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1...........

2...........

3...........

4.......

5...........

6....... . T. .........

8. .........

9..........

0...........

11..........

12..........

3 .........

14..........

15..........

Apr. May.

106.

115

100

89

89

78

204

204

218

275

85

65

QA

June.

425

455

335

191

204

133

65

152

96

91

113

41

59

64

43

July.

152

14

13

15

19

13

14

11

9.9

9.5

8.3

7.2

6.6

6.6

8 A

Aug.

6.1

7.8

6.6

6.1

6.6

8.3

14

16

18

141 1*

18

30

1 3

Sept.

14

14

13

13

3.9

7.5

8.3

7.8

7.8

14

2.9

19

35

26

26

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22. .........

23..........

24 . .........

25..........

28..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Apr.

76

70

62

56

58

191

178

May.

82

96

65

111

232

152

165

152

122

191

365

365

350

410

335

260

June.

40

16

48

6.4

12

10

10

5.8

7.5

4.0

6.1

7.2

7.5

16

16

July.

8.3

12

16

14

14

9.9

11

3.2

4.4

4.0

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.7

Aug.

13

13

12

6.1

5.4

8.0

8.6

8.0

8.3

8.0

8.3

7.5

9.9

7.5

24

17

Sept.

20

23

22

29

04

59

24

42

14

19

16

13

13

9.5

9.0

.NOTE. Gage not read May 30 and Sept. 12; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Montreal River at Ironwood,, Mich.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 73 square miles.]

Month.

April 24-30. ...................................

May...........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

191

410 

455 

152 

30 

64

Minimum.

56 

65 

4.0 

3.2 

5.4 

2.9

Mean.

98.7 

179. 

89.3 

13.9 

11.3 

19.6

Per 

square 

mile.

1.35

2.45 

1.22 

.190 

.155 

.268

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35 

2.82 

1.36 

.22 

.18 

.30

WEST BRANCH OF MONTREAL RIVER AT GILE, WIS.

LOCATION. En sec. 27, T. 46 N., R. 2 E., 800 feet upstream from highway bridge

at Gile, Iron County, 2J miles southwest of Hurley, Wis., and 4 miles upstream

from junction of East and West branches. 

DRAINAGE AREA. About 70 square miles (measured on Hixon's County Atlas; scale,,

1 inch=2 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 26 to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Standard sloping gage bolted to rock ledge on left bank of river, a few hundred feet upstream from pump house of Ottawa mine; read by Lyle Slender. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge 800

feet below gage or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control formed by permanent rock ledge across narrow

section of stream about 15 feet below gage; fall at control about 4 feet. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period, 5.65 feet, June

28 (discharge, about 377 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.32 feet July.

23 (discharge, 2.4 second-feet). 

REGULATION . None. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve fairly well defined

below 200 second-feet; extended above 200 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

- once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating

table. Records good for days when gage was read; records of discharge obtained

by interpolation subject to error.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Montreal River at Gile, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Apr. 25..

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt............

T.G.Bedford..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.46

4.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

87

161

Date.

Aug. 23..

OQ

Made by 

S. B.SouIe.. .-..-..--.-

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.57

1.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.3

5.4

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Montreal River at Gile, Wis., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..........

2..........

4..........

5..........

6....:.....

7 ..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

19

13. .........

15..........

Apr. May.

184

158

136

122

115

108

117

117

150

184

212

170

136

122

June.

368

359

350

334

270

9Af\

212

158

147

122

1O4

82

65

54

July.

24

21

21

22

22

20

16

11

9.9

8.3

5.9

5.6

4 a

4 4

4. ft

Aug.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

7.0

12

14

14

14

14

13

14

14

Sept.

11

11

14

14

14

15

13

11

11

12

18

23

22

20

Day.

16. .1.......

17.......... ia

19..........

20..........

21..........

22

OQ

24..........

25..........

26..........

O7

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Apr.

72

65

100

146

184

May.

131

112

104

144

184

198

198

226

198

Ida

274

350

368

334

302

270

June.

46

38

54

48

41

32

30

31

31

V)

32

9Q

25

21

22

July.

3.7

3.7

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2

0

O A

2.6

2.5

2.9

3.3

3.3

3.4

Aug.

11

9.4

8.8

8.3

5.0

4.0

4.8

4. ft

5.1

4 O

3.3

3.6

3.7

5 Q

11

11

Sept.

19

18

36

36

54

48

41

34

OQ

30

26

22

ev\

19

NOTE. Gage not read Apr. 28, May 5, 9,12,19, 26, June 2, 9,16, 23, 24, 30, July 3, 7,14, 21, 28, Aug. 4, 

11,18,25,31, Sept. 1,2,8,12,15,22, and 29; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Montreal River at Gile, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 70 square miles]. .

Mouth. ,

April 26-30....- ...............................

May........ ................................ .

July...-...-.-...-...--..--..---.-----.........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

184 

368 

368 

24

14 

54

Minimum .

65 

104 

21 

2.4

2.4 

11

Mean.

113 

188 

117 

8.0 

7.6 

22.3

Per

square 

mile.

1 61 

2.69 

1.67 

.114 

.109 

.319

Run-off 

(depth, in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

0.30 

3.10 

1.86 

.13 

.13 

.36

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN.

MENOMINEE RIVER BELOW KOSS, MICH.

LOCATION. In sec. 5, T. 33 N., R. 23 E., at "Grand Rapids," about 4 miles below 

Koss, Menominee County, Mich., and 3 miles west of Ingalls, Mich. Little 

Cedar River, draining an area entirely in Michigan, enters from the left about 

half a mile below the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,790 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1,1913, to September 30,1918.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 15

DISCHARGE. The flow is computed by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction 

Co., of Menominee, Mich., as follows: Each hour the load on the generators is 

noted and gage heights are read of the head and tail-w^ter to determine the head 

on the spillway of the dam and the acting head on the turbines. The flow through 

the turbines for each hour is taken from a table giving the discharge corresponding 

to load and head. The flow over the spillway is taken from a table computed from 

a weir formula. When water is wasted. through the gates the magnitude and 

duration of the gate openings are noted and the quantity wasted determined 

from computed tables. The sum of the hourly discharge through the turbines 

and over the spillway, plus the quantity wasted through the gates, divided by 

the number of seconds in 24 hours, gives the average discharge in second-feet for 

the day. No account is taken of the water passing through the exciter turbine, 

nor waste over the "trash gate" at the power house. This amount is, however, 

relatively small.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 15,000 second-feet 

May 30; mimnmm daily discharge, 1,160 second-feet February 3.

1913-1918: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 23,200 second-*eet,» April 23 

and 25,1916; minimum daily discharge recorded, 1,000 second-feet, June 14,1914.

REGULATION. Above the station are the following power plants: Sturgeon Falls, 

owned by Pennsylvania Iron Mining Co., 50 miles; Little Quinnesec, owned by 

Kimberly Clark Co., 57 miles; Upper Quinnesec, owned by Oliver Iron Mining 

Co., 62 miles; Twin Falls, owned by Peninsular Power Co. With the exception 

of the Kimberly Clark dam at Little Quinnesec, the dams furnish power for 

utility and mining uses so that the flow past the dams is comparatively uniform. 

The Kimberly Clark dam is used for paper mills and regulates the flow on Sundays 

and holidays. The effect of this regulation is noticeable at the station generally 

on Tuesdays. The monthly flow probably represents the natural flow.

ACCURACY. No measurements have.been made by the Survey engineers at this plant 

but measurements made at Koss, Mich., in 1914, show a close comparison with the 

discharge as determined at the power house.

COOPERATION. Daily-discharge records furnished monthly by Edward Daniell, 

general manager of the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River below Koss, Midi., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

oe

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

3n

31..............

Oct.

2,430

2 280

2,270

2,230

2,270

9 37O

2,550

2,620

2 lfift

2,360

2,510

2,440

2 K70

2,900

2

Kftfl

2,500

2 680

3^110

3,210

4,070

5,270

5,220

4 9sn

4,170

4,270

4,100

3,990

4,000

3,890

4,220

4,050

Nov.

4,100

3,540

3,330

3,140

3,300

3,090

3,220

3,210

3,120

3,320

2,900

2,780

2,520

2,840

2,880

2,990

2,810

2,380

2,680

2,710

2,960

3,020

2,900

2,890

2,950

2,040

1,660

2,500

2,340

2,050

Dec.

2,140

9 9flO

2,220

2,120

1,830

1 &A(\

2 flOft

2,110

1,920

1,720

1 280

l'780

1,630

1,170

1,380

1,160

1 370

1,320

1,380

1,460

1,710

1,690

1,590

1,740

1,810

1,760

1,270

1,460

1,500

1,460

1,440

Jan.

1,420

1,590

1,480

1 ^ttfi

I

fifift

1,420

1,620

1,470

1,400

1 600

1 Aftfl

1.420

1,720 i ^ftn

i fiQft

1,640

1 640

l'420

1 540

1^600

i dzn

1,590

1 440

l'?20

i ^ttf)

1 550

l'330

1,520

1,390

1.520

1,600

Feb.

1,520

1,420

1,160

1,480

1 460

1,420

1,470

1,500

1-,420

1,310

1,520

1,400

1 ^ft

1,540

1,310

1,440

1,310

1 440

l'380

1,460

1,320

1,350

1,370

1,330

1 640

1,590

1,600

1,660

Mar.

1,680

1,700

1,540

1,630

1,720

1,840

1,910

1,910

1,630

1,750

1,710

1,500

1,610

1,700

1,670

1,670

1,750

1,840

2,060

2,820

3,380

4,490

5,940

6,230

7,180

7,850

7,740

7,500

8,030

8,620

7,300

Apr.

6,300

6,470

5,560

5,200

4,830

4,680

4,280

3,840

4,100

4,080

4,060

3,880

3,210

3,580

2,940

3,210

3,610

3,840

4,050

4^050

4,140

3,870

4,350

4,120

3,990

3,580

3,430

3,320

3,240

4,480

May.

5,260

5,340

5,370

4,730

4,250

3,900

4,740

4,720

4 660

5^540

6,190

6,810

6,360

5,970

5,520

5,090

4,970

4,970

4,920

5,570

6,760

6,740

6,830

6,020

6,010

7,130

7,850

10,800

11,600

15,000

11,700

June.

11,600

11,600

10,500

10,500

10,000

8,940

7,860

7,490

6,480

5,940

5,130

4,970

4,640

3,970

3,820

3,500

3,210

3,430

3,400

2,210

2,550

2,340

2,360

2,130

1,820

1,960

1,980

2,110

2,050

2,080

July.

1,970

2,270

2,580

3,040

3,040

2,850

2.660

2,760

2,660

2,210

2,110

2,110

1,980

1,970

1,700

1,850

2,070

2,020

1,850

1,770

1.750

1,810

1,710

2,070

2,000

2,460

2,260

1,960

'2,420

1,9^0

1,900

Aug.

1,900

2,010

1,960

1,850

1,840

2,000

2,270

2,840

3,560

4,650

5,460

5,430

4,000

3,840

3,310

3,220

3,260

2,600

2,720

2<350

1,880

1,970

2,400

2,570

2,640

1,790

1,830

1,700

2,190

2,300

2,420

Sept.

2,340

3,140

2,220

O 7QA

3,260

3 340

3' 360

2,96a

3 inn

2,isa

2,290

2,410

2 7fil\

2,770

o ftort

2,870

2

AAf\

2,590

2,870

3,550.

4,050

4,220

4,560.

3,890

3,970

3,830

3,390

3,300

2,950

2,680

Monthly discharge of Menominee River below Koss, Mich., for ihe year ending Sept. SO*

1918.

[Drainage area, 3,790 square miles.]

Month.

October

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,270 

4,100 

2,220 

1,720 

1,660 

8,620 

6,470 

15,000 

11,600 

3,040 

5,460 

4,560

15,000

Minimum.

2,160 

1,660 

1,160 

1,330 

1,160 

1,500 

2,940 

3,900 

1,820 

1,710 

1,700 

2,180

1,160

Mean.

3,210 

2,870 

1,660 

1,540 

1,440 

3,550 

4,140 

6,490 

5,020 

2,190 

2,730 

3,100

3,170

Per 

square 

mile.

0.847 

.757 

.438 

.406 

.380 

.937 

1.09 

1.71 

1.32 

.578 

.720 

.818

.836

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.9&

.84 

.50 

.47 .40

1.08 

1.22 

1.97 

1.47 

.67 

.83 

.91

11.34

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by U. S. Geological Survey from daily discharge records 

rnished by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN.

PINE RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

17

LOCATION. In sees. 23 and 26, T. 39 N., R. 17 E., at highway bridge 8 miles south 

west of Florence, Florence County, and 12 miles above mouth of river. Popple 

River enters from right about 200 feet above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 488 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 22, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to guardrail on upstream side of bridge; read by William 

Taft.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and stones; left bank high and not subjcet 

to overflow; extremely high water may overflow right bank around approach to 

bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.80 feet May 30, 

31, and June 1 (discharge, 1,720 second-feet; minimum recorded stage 1.50 feet 

July 18-20 (discharge, about 160 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum recorded stage, 9.25 feet at noon, April 23, 1916, (discharge approximately 4,520 second-feet); minimum recorded stage 1.6 feet, 

September 6 and 7, 1915 (discharge about 118 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. River not used for log driving during year. Gates of a dam below 

station remained open throughout the year.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve fairly well 

denned between 250 and 1,840 second-feet; extension of curve below 250 and 

above 1,840 second-feet may be subject to considerable error. Gage read to halftenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained from results of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Pine River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 17a

Apr. 22

Made by 

L. L. Smith ..............................................................

.....do....................................................................

T. G.Bedford............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.59

2.91

2.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

171

174

400

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. 

125832° 20 WSP 474 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

352

319

319

319

287

287

319

319

352

352

368

368

385

385

418

484

552

905

869

833

833

833

797

797

725

690

655

620

Nov.

552

451

385

352

352

354

336

319

319

287

287

287

287

287

256

OCA

230

Dec.

[ 195

Jan.

, 175

Feb.

180

195

Mar.

[ 300

760

Apr.

930

890

575

507

473

439

439

422

405

405

405

405

405

374

374

374

405

405

422

439

439

439

439

473

473

473

490

507

507

541

May.

541

507

490

507

541

575

575

610

680

750

820

785

785

785

750

715

715

785

820

855

890

930

1010

1210

1250

1250

1340

1470

1720

1720

June.

1720

1620

1570

1520

1340

1250

1090

930

890

820

758

750

715

680

680

575

541

507

473

439

374

292

292

266

266

242

242

242

266

292

July.

292

266

266

266

266

242

220

220

220

209

198

198

188

178

178

178

169

160

160

160

178

198

220

220

242

242

242

220

220

220

209

Aug.

198

198

198

198

198

242

318

610

890

1,090

970

930

855

715

575

507

374

374

374

346

318

292

266

266

266

266

292

374

645

645

610

Sept.

575

575

541

507

439

405

374

346

346

318

305

292

292

292

292

292

318

346

405

473

541

507

473

439

439

405

374

374

374

346

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 20 to Mar. 31. Braced figures show mean discharge 

for period included.

Monthly discharge of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 488 square miles.o]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

905 

552

930 

1,720 

1,720 

292 

1090 

575

1720

Minimum.

287

374 

490 

242 

160 

198 

292

Mean.

544 

299 

182 

175 

192 

537 

476 

876 

722 

214 

465 

400

425

Per 

square 

mile.

1.11 

.613 

.373 

.359 

.393 

1.10 

.975 

1.80 

1.48 

.439 

.953 

.820

.871

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on* 

drainage 

area).

1.28 

.68 

.43 

.41 

.41 

1.27 

 1.09 

2.08 

1.65 

.51 

1.10 

.91

11.82

aRevised since publication of 1916 report, on the assumption that Kentuck Lake discharges into Brule 

Kiver instead of into Pine River.
STREAMS TKIBTJTAKY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 19

PIKE RIVER AT AMBERG, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 35 N., R. 21 E., at Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway 

bridge half a mile south of Amberg, Marinette County, immediately below the 

junction of two branches of Pike River and about 11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to guardrail on upstream side of bridge; read by Frank 

Bunce.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a highway bridge a quarter of a mile downstream from the bridge to which the gage is attached, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock and some loose granite boulders; channel permanent but very rough at gage. Banks medium high; not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.85 feet at 7.10 

a. m., May 28 (discharge 841 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 70 second-feet December 9-11, 30 and 31.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 4.65 feet at 8.10 p. m., July 14, 1914 

(discharge, 1,200 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 1.55 feet 

September 7, 1915 (discharge 109 second-feet). Minimum discharge for winter 

periods estimated 70 second-feet December 9-11, 30, and 31, 1917.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except when affected by ice. Rating curve well denned between 180 and 1,120 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table or for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Openwater records good, except for extremely low stages, for which they are fair. 

Winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 18 a

Made by 

L.L. Smith..... .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.73

1 97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

112

117

Date.

Apr. 20..

Made by 

T. G.Bedford..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

101

294

o Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pike River at Amberg, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13........ . .

14..............

15..............

16........ .

17............

18..............

19..............

20.............

21 ...........

22........... .

23..............

24.. . .

25.............

26............

27. ...

28...........

29... ..........

30. ..... ......

31..............

Oct.

158

158

158

158

169

158

169

169

180

185

185

192

180

192

244

230

244

230

230

230

204

204

258

288

288

273

258

Nov.

258

244

348

204

204

204

9n4

204

185

180

185

192

185

185

185

185

180

180

180

180

185

192

185

180

169

158

155

150

145

140

Dec.

140

120

110

90

80

80

80

70

70

70

80

80

80

90

100

100

110

120

120

110

110

100

100

90

90

80

sn

70

70

Jan.

80

100

140

160

150

140

140

130

120

120

120

120

110

110

110

110

100

100

100

100

90

90

90

80

80

80

Feb.

80

80

90

90

100

110

110

120

120

120

110

110

110

110

100

100

100

100

110

120

130

140

160

160

160

160

Mar.

150

160

170

170

160

150

140

140

140

160

160

170

170

180

205

230

290

350

410

550

780

698

604

510

453

396

380

364

Apr.

364

364

348

333

310

288

303

318

310

303

296

288

266

244

244

244

303

333

318

318

318

318

318

318

303

288

258

288

412

546

May.

510

476

412

348

348

318

348

348

396

582

658

658

582

476

396

364

333

333

364

380

348

364

364

348

396

658

738

820

820

820

738

'June.

738

738

1 658

620

546

428

396

348

318

318

288

273

244

230

230

217

204

204

192

180

180

169

169

169

162

158

169

176

162

158

July.

204

217

204

204

204

185

169

158

148

142

138

134

128

122

128

154

154

142

138

128

118

118

154

169

192

192

180 1-76

204

192

176

Aug.

154

148

142

138

138

204

288

364

510

698

582

476

364

303

258

230

199

192

169

158

142

230

230

288

258

230

204

192

217

230

204

Sept.

199

230

244

230

217

204

192

180

158

192

258

273

258

230

217

192

244

288

333

318

318

303

258

230

217

204

180

169

169

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 27 to Mar. 24. Gage not read on every alternate 

day, Mar. 26 to Apr. 15; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Pike River at Amberg, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 240 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

288 

348 

140 

160 

160 

780 

546 

820 

738 

217 

698 

333

820

Minimum.

158 

140 

70 

80 

80 

140 

244 

318 

158 

118 

138 

158

70

Mean.

203 

191 

93.5 

114 

115 

305 

315 

485 

301 

164 

- 263 

230

232

Per 

square 

mile.

0.846 

.796 

 .390 

.475 

.479 

1.27 

1.31 

2.02 

1.25 

.683 

1.10 

.958

.967

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.98 

.89 

.45 

.55 

.50 

1.46 

1.46 

2.33 

1.40 

.79 

1.27 

1.07

13.15
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN". 21 

PESHTIGO RIVER AT HIGH FALLS, NEAR CRIVITZ, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 32 N., R. 18 E., at High Falls, near Crivitz, Marinette County, 

about a quarter, of a mile downstream from power house of Wisconsin Public 

Service Co., I mile upstream from Thunder River (coming in from right), and 15 

miles by road northwest of Crivitz.

DRAINAGE AREA. 520 * square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 pailes).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Barrett and Lawrence water-stage recorder, set over a wooden well about 15 

feet from the left bank and quarter of a mile downstream from power house; well 

is protected from floating logs by a large boulder.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage. About 2 

second-feet of seepage water enters the river below the gage but above the cable 

and is included in the determined discharge as published.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks at control and measuring section are high and not 

subject to overflow. Control at low stages is a small gravel riffle about 50 feet 

downstream from the gage; at medium and high stages this control is apparently 

drowned out and is probably formed by some point farther downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during the year, May 31, 

2,140 second-feet. Minimum mean discharge 110 second-feet February 10.

1912-1918: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.2 feet May 13, 1916 

(discharge 3,480 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.1 feet at 5 p. m. March 21, 1915 

(discharge, 54 second-feet). Owing to artificial regulation, extremes given do 

not represent the natural flow.

ICE. Because of the relatively warm water in the large service reservior, ice does not 

form on the river in the vicinity of the gage. Open-water rating curve used 

throughout year.

REGULATION. Flow controlled by operation of the' power plant. Considerable 

diurnal fluctuation caused by the operation of. the power plant and during logdriving season by the manipulation of the gates. The mean monthly flow does 

not represent the natural flow because of storage in the service reservoir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve 

well defined between 145 and 3,980 second-feet. Daily discharge for periods when 

recording gage was in operation ascertained by averaging the results obtained by 

applying gage height for hourly or other regular interval to the rating table; discharge for periods when gage was not in operation (see footnote to table of daily 

discharge) obtained by adding 10 per cent to discharge indicated by records of 

power plant. Correction determined by study of records available from waterstage recorder. Records fair.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

' Revised since publication of Water-Supply Paper 434.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crimtz, Wis., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16... ...........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

31..............

Oct.

462

455

380

355

330

124

380

370

327

337

347

172

364

406

435

407

430

364

448

415

343

375

346

181

430

415

Nov.

399

418

496

OQ£

484

451

418

399

425

4Q£

450

240

462

4ttc

480

460

462

4/17

467

419

185

Dec.

179

410

OQQ

388

527

OQO

41 ^

4oc

467

428

461

410

174

424

423

OQA

368

139

171

119

41 3

417

1 90

Jan.

116

338

OQQ

Q4Q

000

258

124

276

OftC

241

295

228

116

91 1

295

314

OQO

184

298

Feb.

292

274

170

04^

402

282

236

110

91 4

Q74

271

 330

177

243

253

288

202

137

248

208

oo -i

Mar.

236

288

216

287

4JK

318

375

388

174

348

438

460

537

344

457

607

423

694

680

fifid

375

Apr.

622

657

670

573

667

410

650

680

667

662

QQQ

595

695

700

697

720

OEC

685

674

731

694

QQ4

692

May.

708

583

569

580

697

685

727

283

1,490

1,210

922

860

766

380

1,180

785

784

905

1,160

320-

1,270

2,060

1 7Qfi

2,140

June.

1,800

1,360

2,060

1,630

1,310

988

1,210

956

613

940

765

790

720

380

722

824

770

800

865

800

415

690

760

760

760

780

oon

July.

660

615

475

169

347

373

230

477

455

422

370

395

376

482

479

544

535

433

256

535

413

470

436

196

512

449

Aug.

456

485

435

565

650

680

620

445

208

500

564

^*H\

500

329

215

400

365

413

395

400

410

318

W7

650

716

74Q

773

Sept.

440

335

720

735

700

590

600

290

575

775

700

722

670

530

187

506

600

570

531

540

533

202

535

690

710

620

660

512

207

NOTE: Kecords for following periods obtained from water-stage recorder: Oct. 5-7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 26. 

Nov. 2-7, Apr. 15-22, May 2-10, 26, June 2, 9-15,19-22, 24-30, July 1-3, 7-12, Aug. 1-9,12-23, Sept. 1-13 and 

24-27. Daily discharge for other periods "determined from records of power plant, as noted in paragraph 

under "Accuracy."

Monthly discharge of Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crimtz, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage are, 520 square miles.]

Month.

July... ....... .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

462 

496 

527 

348 

402 

752 

731 

2,140 

2,060 

660 

776 

775-

2,140

Minimum.

124 

173 

119 

116 

110 

174 

355 

283 

380 

162 

208 

187

110

Mean.

359 

402 

356 

265 

253 

461 

632 

925 

903 

427 

499 

550

503

Per 

square 

mile.

0.690 

.773 

.685 

.510 

.487 

.887 

1.22 

1.78 

1.74 

.821 

.960 

1.06

.967

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

.86 

.79 

.59 

.51 

1.02 

1.36 

2.05 

» 1.94 

.95 

1.11 

1.18

13.16
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 23

OCONTO RIVER NEAR GILLETT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 18 E., at highway bridge 2\ miles southeast of 

Gfllett, Oconto County, and about 27 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 678 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7,1906, to March 30,1909; January 6,1914, to September 

30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to iron railing on upstream side of bridge; read by Miss 

Nettie Gilbertson. Zero of gage used from January 6, 1914, to September 30, 

1918, is 4 feet above that of gage used June 7, 1906, to March 31, 1909.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge to which gage is 

fastened.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; fairly permanent. Left bank of medium height 

and not subject to overflow; during extreme flood stages water may overflow 

right bank around the end of the bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.45 feet at 3.30 

p. m., May 30 (discharge, 2,510 second-feet); minimum discharge 230 second-feet, 

February 6-9.

1906-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.3 feet at 3.30 p. m., April 25, 1916 

(discharge, 3,220 second-feet); minimum open-water discharge, 95 second-feet 

January 3 and 6, 1907.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam above the station stores water to float logs during the spring; 

except when dam is in operation flow at the gage is natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 239 and 1,790 second-feet. Gage read 

to quarter-tenths once daily. Daily discharge obtained by applying daily gage 

height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table daily gage height 

corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records good except at highest flood stages, 

for which they are only fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

T\y*/» 1 Qfl

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 233

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

339

342

Date.

Feb. 21«

Made by 

L.L. Smith... .........

T.G.Bedford..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

2.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

295

845

Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART TV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

18..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1 Q

20. .............

21..............

22..............

24. .............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

29. .............

29. .............

30

31..............

Oct.

446

446

468

446

424

424

468

468

468

468

468

468

468

515

515

515

515

515

540

565

fii z.

565

can

590

Nov.

670

670

670

670

642

615

565

565

565

565

565

565

540

540

515

515

565

492

515

492

515

K1 K

424

403

390

380

360

OJfl

Dec.

340

330

320

310

305

300

290

290

280

270

270

270

270

270

280

290

320

330

325

325

310

305

305

305

300

290

Jan.

295

300

300

300

305

305

310

310

315

320

320

325

325

335

340

340

330

320

310

305

305

305

305

305

290

290

Feb.

270

260

250

240

240

230

230

230

230

235

240

240

260

270

280

280

260

240

270

290

300

300

305

310

325

Mar.

305

305

305

305

305

310

325

320

320

320

330

340

350

360

370

390

410

440

460

470

615

1.020

2,020

2,390

2,090

2,020

1,870

1.720

, I) 720

1,020

Apr.

992

960

1,020

992

1,020

780

1,290

780

870

810

752

698

698

698

725

698

780

840

900

810

780

810

870

870

900

960

1,360

840

870

810

May.

1,020

960

1,020

1,160

930

930

1,090

1,290

1,430

1,290

1,360

1,860

2,020

1,860

1,720

1,640

1,430

1,720

1,790

1,640

1,500

1,430

1,430

1,290

1,500

1,860

2,090

2,160

2,470

2,470

2,320

June.

2,320

2,090

1,940

1,720

1,570

1,640

1,430

1,290

1,020

992

1,290

960

960

780

725

615

615

615

590

565

382

382

342

424

468

492

492

468

468

615

July.

468

468

540

565

590

615

590

590

468

515

492

515

492

468

424

424

424

492

515

515

492

492

468

446

468

492

515

540

515

515

515

Aug.

515

515

468

382

424

424

424

424

446

468

565

565

565

540

515

468

468

590

515

468

446

424

446

403

403

446

446

492

565

540

515

Sept.

468

492

468

424

424

446

446

424

446

492

492

' 515

540

565

515

468

492

515

540

540

515

515

540

565

540

565

515

492

492

492

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 27 to Mar. 25. Gage not read Mar. 27; discharge 

interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 678 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

615 

670 

340 

340 

325 

2,390 

1,360 

2,470 

2,320 

615 

590 

565

2,470

Minimum.

'424 

340 

270 

290 

230 

305 

698 

930 

342 

424 

382 

424

230

Mean,

490 

527 

301 

311 

266 

800 

873 

1.570 

942 

504 

480 

498

632

Per

square 

mile.

0.723 

.777 

.444 

.459 

.392 

1.18 

1.29 

2.32 

1.39 

.743 

.708 

.735

.932

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.83 

.87 

.51 

.53 

.41 

1.36 

1.44 

2.68 

1 55 

.86 

.82 

.82

12.68
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 25

FOX RIVER AT BERLIN, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 17 N., R. 13 E., at government lock and dam about 2J mile 

upstream from Berlin, Green Lake County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,430 square miles (measured on map issued by the Wisconsin 

Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1898 to September 30, 1918 (publication of records prior to 

Sept. 30,1917, is held up pending collection of data relative to effect of ice on stagedischarge relation).

GAGE. Staff gage located in pool immediately below the dam. Read by United 

States Army Engineer.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel, one channel at all stages. Both banks 

low and subject to overflow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of Huron Street highway 

bridge in city of Berlin about 2J miles downstream from gage. Rating curves for 

'gage corrected for small inflow between the gage and measuring section.

EXTREMES OFDISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year, 6,050 

second-feet, March 21-23; minimum mean daily discharge 480 second-feet 

January 1-3.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

A'CCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except for effect of 

ice. Rating curve well denned between 800 and 6,000 second-feet. Gage read 

three times daily, butgenerally noon reading alone is used in determination of daily 

discharge. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating 

table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which 

it was obtained from results of one discharge measurement and observer's notes. 

Open-water records good; winter records roughly approximate.

COOPERATION. Records have been collected and computations of daily discharge 

made by United States Army Engineers. Open-water records obtained from 

rating curves based on discharge measurements made by United States Geological Survey. «

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Berlin, Wis., during the period June 1, 1917,

to Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

1917.

14 

July 25

28

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore. .........

Kilgore and Kane. .....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.37

11.27 

9.83

8.97

8.10

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,950

2,460 

1,600

1,210

824

Date.

1917. 

Nov. 7

1918.

Mar. 28

Made by 

R.B. Kilgore..........

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

T.G.Bedford..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.17

a 8. 75

13.92

11.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,780

609

5,080

2,940

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; ice cover, 13 inches thick.

NOTE. Discharge measured at Huron Street highway bridge. Discharge at gage obtained by applying 

a correction factor of 0.993 to the figures shown in the above table.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Berlin, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918. .

Day.

1..... .........

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31 ..............

Oct.

940

905

905

905

905

905

905

830

865

865

865

865

865

865

865

865

865

865

905

940

905

905

975

975

1,020

1,100

1,270

1,360

1,360

1,420

Nov.

1,460

1,460

1,520

1,570

1,680

1,850

1,800

1,740

1,680

1,620

1,570

1,460

1,420

1,360

1,320

1,270

1,220

1,180

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

Q7";

975

975

940

Dec.

940

one

865

865

765

800

700

7flA

800

800

800

750

800

800

800

800

840

840

840

840

880

880

880

750

Ttf\

700

750

750

750

Jan.

480

480

510

540

KAC\

540

540

570

Wft

600

600

600

600

600

630

630

630

630

630

630

630

660

660

660

660

660

700

Feb.

700

700

' 700

740

700

660

660

700

700

740

740

740

740

780

780

780

780

780

780

820

820

820

820

820

860

900

900

940

Mar.

940

980

1,060

1,200

1,350

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,500

2,700

2,900

3,100

3,340

3 70O

5,790

6,050

6,050

6,050

5,920

5,920

5,520

5,270

5,030

4,790

4,560

4,230

Apr.

3,920

3,620

3,350

3,170

3,000

2,830

2,750

2,670

2,520

2,450

2,310

2,170

2,100

1,980

1,850

1,740

1,620

1,570

1,520

1,420

1,460

1,740

1,740

1,800

1,800

1,740

1,680

1,740

1,800

May.

1,800

1,740

1,740

1,680

1,570

1,460

1,420

1,320

1,270

1,740

1,910

2,040

2,100

2,100

2,040

1,910

1,850

2,040

2,240

2,830

2,450

3,530

4,120

4,020

3,820

3,530

3,350

3,260

3,170

3,080

June.

3,080

3,000

2,910

2,830

2,670

2-, 600

2,520

2,380

2,310

2,240

2,170

2,040

1,910

1,850

1,680

1,520

1,420

1,320

1,220

1,180

1,140

1,100

1,020

975

940

905

865

905

865

905

July.

940

975

905

905

975

940

940

905

865

800

800

800

800

765

800

800

765

765

765

765

735

735

735

675

765

800

765

735

800

800

735

Aug.

735

765

735

735

765

735

675

735

735

765

735

765

735

705

765

705

735

735

735

675

645

645

675

675

645

675

645

645

645

675

675

Sept.

675

675

675

615

615

645

CQA

590

590

645

645

645

645

645

645

675

645

645

645

675

675

645

645

615

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Berlin, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

» [Drainage area 1,430 square miles.]

Month.

January. ......................................

April.................................... ...

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,420 

1,850 

940 

700 

940 

6,050 

3,920 

4,120 

3,080 

975 

765 

675

6,050

Minimum.

830 

940 

700 

480 

660 

940 

1,420 

1,270 

865 

675 

645 

590

480

Mean.

974 

1,320 

805 

591 

771 

3,470 

2,190 

2,410 

1,750 

815 

707 

640

1,370

Per 

square 

mile.

0.681 

.923 

.563 

.413 

.539 

2.43 

1.53 

1.69 

1.22 

.570 

.494 

.448

.958

Run-off 

(depth in 

mches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

1.03 

.65 

.48 

.56 

2.80 

1.71 

1.95 

1.36 

.66 

.57 

.50

13.06
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 27 

FOX RIVER AT RAPIDE CROCHE DAM, NEAR WRIGHTSTOWN, WIS.

LOCATION. At Rapide Croche dam, in sec. 4, T. 21 N., R. 19 E., about 2 miles upstream from Wrightstown, Brown County, 19 miles downstream from Lake Winnebago and 20 miles upstream from mouth, of river at Green Bay.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 3, 1896 to September 30, 1918. Daily-discharge records for this station, 1896-1914, were published by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission in "Water Power Report to the Legislature, 1915." The records published in this report have since been found to be considerably in error and should 

not be used. See "Determination of flow."

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,150 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. This dam is owned and operated by the United 

States Army Engineers to aid navigation and the flow is computed by the United 

States Army Engineers as follows: The dam is made of timber and is equipped 

with four needle sluice gates which are used only in times of high water. A 

vertical staff gage at the lower end of the canal leading to the lock and about 

a quarter of a mile below the dam is read five times daily at 7 a. m., 9 a. 

m., noon, 3 p. m., and 6 p. m. The mean flow for the day is computed from a 

formula using the five gage heights for the day, assuming gradual changes in 

gage height between the readings, and weighting the different gage heights by 

elapsed time. Prior to 1917 determinations of daily discharge were based on 

tables derived from theoretical formulas for flow over a sharp-crested weir and 

through the sluice gates. During 1917 discharge measurements were made by 

engineers of the United States Geological Survey from a cable a short distance 

downstream from the dam. Seven measurements were made with the four sluices 

closed and eight with all sluices open. The measured discharge varied from 1,000 

to 13,000 second-feet. Curves based on the discharge measurements show that the 

theoretical formulas previously used gave results ranging from about 850 secondfeet too small at low stages, with the sluices closed, to 250 second-feet too large 

at high stages, with all sluices open. The deficiency of amounts in the old records 

as published is due* to the fact that no allowance was made for leakage through the 

dam, which is now determined to be about 1,000 second-feet when water is at the 

crest of the dam and all gates are closed. Discharge measurements made by the 

United States Geological Survey in 1902 and 1903 at Wrightstown, about 2 miles 

below the dam, indicate that the leakage at the dam was apparently the same 

during 1902 and 1903 as in 1917. As Rapide Croche dam was built in 1878 and 

existed in 1902 as in 1917, it is considered necessary and proper to correct the old 

records for 1896-1917 to agree with the results of the current-meter measurements 

made in 1917. The recomputed records published in Water Supply Paper 454, are 

the old records corrected by means of the curves for 1917, each recomputation taking into consideration the relation between the old and new curves according to 

the number of sluices open. Corrections were applied to the semimonthly and 

monthly mean discharge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Information relative to daily maximum and minimum, 

1896-1917 may be obtained from the United States Army Engineer office, Milwaukee, Wis. During 1918, the maximum mean daily discharge was 16,300 

second-feet May 25; minimum mean daily discharge, 1,330 second-feet October 22.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by Lake Winnebago, which has an area of 215 square 

miles, and also by dams between the outlet of Lake Winnebago and the station, 

the dams being operated for power development and to some extent in the interests of navigation. Under existing conditions, which, as regards storage, have 

been the same throughout the period covered by the records, the flow past the 

station is natural.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Records good.

COOPERATION. Records collected and daily discharge computed by United States

Army Engineers from curves developed by current-meter measurements made

by engineers of the United States Geological Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstown, Wis., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

. Day.

1. .............

3..............

5..............

6. .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

11...............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

9<?

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

OQ

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,870

3,090

2,830

2,940

2,780

2,920

1,750

1,510

3,260

3,310

3,370

3,290

3,150

2,070

1,700

2,950

2,920

2,930

2,570

2,600

1,920

1,330

2,780

3,320

3,290

3,430

3,540

2,070

3.220

3,420

Nov.

3,380

3,440

2,330

1,970

3.960

4,270

4,280

4,230

4,070

2,390

4,270

4,380

4,420

4,050

3,740

2,280

2,450

4,050

3,910

4.000

4,060

2,330

2,650

4,180

3,770

3,730

3,270

Dec.

2,880

2,070

2,740

3,260

3,360

4,080

4,050

4,140-

5,400

3,820

4 480

4,720

4,730

4,730

4,020

4,190

5,050

5,070

3,400

3 7flft

4,510

4,370

4,170

3,930

4,4-00

Jan.

4,740

4, 580

4,770

4,830

4,730

3,860

4,750

5,000

4,700

4,810

3,600

4,580

5,060

4,080

4,020

4,700

5,700

5,470

4,160

5,440

5,520

Feb.

5,530

4,470

4,980

5,380

5,470

5,330

5,340

4,530

5,080

4,920

4,760

4,450

4,620

3,860

4,420

4,500

3,900

4 460

4 280

4. 350

4,360

Mar.

4,340

4,300

4,850

4,740

4,440

4,420

4,200

3,740

4,530

4,730

4,680

4,800

4,860

4,230

6,230

7,300

7,120

5,510

4,120

4 830

5,280

5,700

6,510

6,820

Apr.

7,820

9,220

9,740

11, 600

11, 600

11,500

10,800

10,700

11,200

10,800

9,780

9,000

9,040

8,460

6,420

6,390

6,200

4,750

5,420

6,510

6,500

6

KQA

4,790

May.

6,480

6,630

6,600

6,300

4,970

4,680

6,360

6,700

7,510

5,700

5,380

9,070

9,480

10,700

10,900

11,500

12,200

13,300

15,700

14,200 ift ^rifi

14 800

15,000

15,400

15, 600

June.

16,100

14,800

14,700

15,300

15,100

15,000

14,300

14,500

13, 700

13,900

13, 100

13,400

12, 800

12,400

11,500

11,800

7,960

5,630

3,690

3,920

4,700

4,890

4 940

4,' 780

"3,700

July.

3,830

4,600

4,460

3,060

3,350

3,680

2,960

4,170

4,670

4, 550

4,600

4,550

3,410

3,630

4,470

4,460

4,390

4 440

3,670

4 340

4' 440

4 460

4,580

3,110

2,570

3,430

3,540

Aug.

3,670

3,360

3,190

1,930

2,480

3,140

2,410

2,430

2,460

1,650

2,180

2,800

2,640

2,720

2,750

2,660

1,780

2,350

2,800

2 7fifl

2,360

2 430

i onn

2,040

2 480

2 430

2^270

2,090

Sept.

1,640

2,040

2,100

2,150

2,260

2,380

2,200

1,670

2,070

2,180

2,050

2,010

2,100

1,570

1 940

1,830

1,920

1 960

1,940

1,740

1 980

1 980

1 940 2' 100

1 990

1^530

1,760

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstoivn, Wis., for the

year ending Sept. JO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 6,150 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,540 

4,420 

5,400 

5, 700 

5,570 

7,300 

11, 600 

16,300 

16,100 

4,690 

3,670 

2,380

16,300

Minimum.

1,330 

1,970 

2,070 

3,600 

3,860 

3,740 

4,750 

4,680 

3,690 

2,570 

1,650 

1,530

1,330

Mean.

2,720 

3,530 

4,130 

4,700 

4,740 

5,120 

8,410 

10,400 

10,600 

4,010 

2,500 

1,950

5,220

Per 

square 

mile.

0.442 

.574 

.672 

.764 

.771 

.833 

1.37 

1.69 

1.72 

.652 

.407 

.317

.849

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.64 

.77 

.88 

.80 

.96 

1.53 

1.95 

1.92 

.75 

.47 

.35

11.53
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 29

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 15 E., at highway bridge at Keshena, Shawano 

County, 3 miles below junction with West Branch of Wolf River, coming in from 

right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 840 a square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 9, 1907, to March 31, 1909; February 10, 1911, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of UBW bridge December 9, 1914; 

May 9, 1907, to November 29, 1914, vertical staff gage fastened to downstream 

end of left abutment; both gages at same datum. Gage read by Jerome M. Beauprey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; smooth and practically permanent. Banks of 

medium height; overflow improbable.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 4.88 feet at 4 p. m. 

May 28 (discharge, 2,530 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 315 second-feet, 

February 20.

1907-1909 and 1911-1918: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,910 second-feet, 

September 2,1912; minimum discharge during open-water periods, 275 second-feet, 

September 26, 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The river and its main tributaries above Keshena are controlled to 

some extent by logging dams.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except for effect of ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 380 and 2,000 second-feet; above and below these 

limits curve is extended and subject to error. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height 

corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records good, except those for extremely high 

and low stages, which are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 20a

Jan. 18a

Made by 

L. L. Smith............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.26

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

461

390

Date.

Feb. 226

Apr. 29

Made by 

L. L. Smith............

T. G. Bedford..........

Gage

Feet. 

2.89

2.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

389

1,290

a Revised since publication of Water-Supply Paper 454. 

& Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21 ............

22 ............

23. ............

24 . ......

25 ............

26 ............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

630

590

552

590

630

552

515

497

590

672

672

715

630

552

552

590

590

672

672

760

715

672

672

715

760

760

901

1,000

1,220

1.000

760

Nov.

715

715

715

672

672

715

715

715

672

672

760

672

590

590

672

715

590

590

552

552

715

760

590

590

540

535

530

515

505

495

Dec.

490

480

475

460

- 430

430

435

435

435

440

440

445

445

430

445

475

475

470

465

460

460

430

430

420

450

445

445

390

390

395

400

Jan.

430

415

435

430

395

400

435

390

385

375

410

385

340

365

350

360

365

390

375

375

335

350

325

345

375

365

365

365

350

365

365

Feb.

350

360

350

360

325

350

350

330

330

335

335

325

325

330

330

320

320

330

325

315

355

390

400

415

445

455

460

470

Mar.

475

480

490

495

505

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

565

605

625

670

810

860

910

960

1.020

1,380

1,310

1,250

1,190

1,130

1,100

1,070

1,190

1,400

1,110

Apr.

1,110

950

760

950

950

950

1,050

1,050

1,000

806

806

760

853

760

760

806

806

853

901

853

901

901

853

806

853

715

806

853

1,280

1,220

May.

1,160

1,050

1,000

950

853

853

853

901

950

1,790

1,920

1,850

1,400

1,220

1,280

1,000

950

1,160

1,280

1,340

1,000

1,050

1,110

1.220

1,160

1,460

2,120

2,330

1,590

2,060

2,060

June.

2,190

2,190

1,850

1,530

1,530

1,460

1,460

1,400

1,400

1,280

1,160

1,110

1,050

950

950

950

1,050

1,050

901

760

715

806

760

672

672

806

672

853

901

806

July.

806

760

901

760

760

715

853

760

715

760

672

630

672

515

672

672

672

552

590

590

630

590

672

715

715

672

672

715

760

715

715

Aug.

672

760

630

552

515

515

552

672

950

1,220

1,160

760

1,050

1,050

1,000

950

1,050

760

1,000

806

715

715

760

1,000

1,050

1,000

901

1,000

1,050

950

1,000

Sept.

853

1,000

901

672

760

853

950

853

760

760

672

590

672

760

590

672

715

901

672

715

672

760

806

853

853

853

590

590

590

590

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 25 to Mar. 29.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 840 square miles.a]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,220 

760 

490 

435 

470 

1,400 

1,280 

2,330 

2,190 

901 

1,220 

1,000

2,330

Minimum.

497 

495 

390 

325 

315 

475 

715 

853 

672 

515 

515 

590

315

Mean.

690 

635 

442 

378 

360 

812 

897 

1,320 

1,130 

697 

863 

749

750

Per 

square 

mile.

0.821 

.756 

.526 

.450 

.429 

.967 

1.07 

1.57 

1.35 

.830 

1.03 

.892

.893

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

.84 

.61 

.52 

.45 

1.11 

1.19 

1.81 

1.51 

.96 

1.19 

1.00

12.14

a. Revised since publication of Water-Supply Paper 454.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 31

WOLF RIVER AT NEW LONDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 22 N., R. 14 E., at Pearl Street highway bridge, New 

London, Waupaca County. Embarrass River enters from the right three-fourths 

of a mile above, and Little Wolf River, also from the right, 5 miles below the 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Gage heights March 1, 1899, to September 30, 1918; daily 

discharge determinations October 1, 1913, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Enameled steel gage, graduated from 1.0 to 13.0 feet, fastened to right hand 

downstream pier of Pearl Street Bridge. Datum of the gage raised 0.641 foot on 

March 1, 1911, according to United States Army Engineers; zero of gage is at an 

elevation of 748.874 feet above mean sea level, New York City datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Shawano Street Bridge, two blocks 

below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand, hardpan, and mud; not permanent; control not well 

denned. Both banks at the gage fairly high and not subject to overflow. During 

extreme flood stages it is reported that the water from the Embarrass River will 

flow across the city of New London and empty into channel of the Wolf River 

below gage.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.5 May 30 and 

31 (discharge, 7,270 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 700 second-feet 

February 6-9.

1914-1918: Maximum discharge recorded, 9.7 feet April 4, 1916 (discharge, 

8,960 second-feet); minimum discharge, that of February 6-9, 1918. The United 

States Army Engineers report a stage of 11.6 feet on April 16, 1888.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Little if any diurnal fluctuation due to operation of power plants on 

the river above station, has been observed at the gage; monthly flow natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

1918, one, applicable October 1 to November 25 and March 12 to September 30, 

fairly well defined between 20 and 2,750 second-feet; the other, applicable 

November 26 to March 11, fairly well denned between 810 and 9,280 secondfeet; both curves poorly defined outside these limits. Gage read to tenths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, 

except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which 

it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for 

effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at New London, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 23o

Made by 

L.L. Smith.... ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

2.40

2.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

814

725

704

Date.

July 19

Made by 

T.G.Bedford..........

W. G. Hoyt...- ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.41

1.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,440

1,090

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at New London, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21 ..............

"iS... ............

23.... ......... .

25.--....--.....

26.. ............

27..............

28.......--..--.

90

30.----.........

31 ..............

Oct.

953

888

920

920

920

920

920

888

920

986

1,060

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,090

1,060

1,090

1,060

1,160

1,230

1,270

1,270

1,380

1,540

1,570

1,730

1,770

Nov.

1,810

1,770

1,650

1 540

1,460

1,540

1,460

1,460

1,350

1,310

1 97ft

1,160

1,120

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160 i OHO,

1,090

980

980

960

QAX.

QAX

Dec.

910

07 x

875

840

780

750

750

750

750

765

780

765

765

780

780

7QC

7Q£

815

810

01 f\

mn

825

825

810

810

795

70^

795

Jan.

7Q£

780

780

780

780

7Q>;

7Q^

780

7 of)

765

750

7^fi

7^n

750

740

740

70 K

79* '

70 c

740

7^fi

765

7ofi

795

795

7Q£

780

765

750

740

Feb.

70 E

710

710

700

700

700

700

710

710

725

740 7>;n

750

7^fi

740

740

740

79^

710

705 791;

740

750

780

780

Mar.

Q1 rt

890

945

1,020

1,140

1 280

1,420

1,610

1,810

2,060

2,090

2

1 on

2

oon

2,260

2 °.nn

2,450

3 ion

3,950

6,740

6,490

6J?40

6,490

6,020

5,610

5,090

4,390

Apr.

4 050

3 7fifi

S Cflfl

2,500

2,920

2,700

2,650

2,450

2

0Cn

2,130

2 050

1 970

i son

2,010

1 970

l'930

2,010

2,090

2,170

2,220

2,130

2,090

2 1 °.fi

2,300

May.

2,450

2

£cn

2 finn

2,650

2,600

2,550

2,500

2,400

2,500

2,800

2,920

3,050

3,120

3

1 on

3,340

3,420

3

0Cft

4 160

6,250

6,250

6,020

5,810

6,250

6,740

7 000

7^270

7,270

June.

7,000

6 490

5,250

4,940

4,650

A Ortfl

4,160

3,850

3,670

3,340

3

1 9ft

2 980

2' 750

2,600

2,400

2,050

1,890

1,730

1,570

1 460

i ^sn

1,310

1 ^O,

1,350

1,310

1,350

July.

1,420

i ^nn

1,500

1,540

1,610

1,500

i qcn

1,350

1,200

1,120

1,090

1,090

1,120

1,120

1,020

1,020

986

QCO

Qcq

1,060

1,020

1,120

1,200

Aug.

1,310

1,230

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,120

1,020

1,020

1,160

1,230

1,380

1,540

1,690

1,650

1 Piflfl

1.460

1,420 i 3sn

1,270

1,200

1,120

1,120

1,160

1 9°,fl

1,270

1,270

1,310

Sept.

1,310

1,350

1,310

1,230

1,160

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,090

1,060

1,090

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,120

1,120

1,200

1 200

1,230

1 200

1,120

1,060

1,020

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26 to Mar. 11.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at New London, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 2,240 square miles.]

Month.

April. . ........................................

May...........................................

July.... .......-...---...--..-......--....-....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,770 

1,810 

910 

795 

780 

6,740 

4,050 

7,270 

7,000 

1,610 

1,690 

1,350

7,270

Minimum.

888 

945 

750 

725 

700 

795 

1,890 

2,400 

1,310 

953 

1,020 

1,020

700

Mean.

1,150, 1,290? 

799 

764 

729 

3,230 

2,480 

4,260 

3,120 

1,210 

1,270 

1,140

1,790

Per

square 

mile.

0.513 

.576 

.357 

.341 

.325 

1.44 

1.11 

1.90 

1.39 

.540 

.567 

.509-

.799

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.64 

.41 

.39 

.34 

1.66 

1.24 

2.19 

1.55 

.62 

* .65 

.57

10.85
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 33

LITTLE WOLF EIVEE AT EOYALTON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 22 N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge in Royalton, Waupaca 

County, about 4 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 485 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 13, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Sloping gage located on left bank of river, about 150 feet upstream from highway 

bridge, used since August 21,1915. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge was used until August 20, 1915. Datum of the sloping gage is 0.75 

foot higher than that of the chain gage. Owing to change in slope, however, difference between the readings from the two gages is not constant.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 500 feet upstream from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at the gage section consists of heavy gravel and rock 

and is fairly permanent; at the measuring section, fine, smooth gravel. Neither 

bank is overflowed to any extent at flood stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.69 feet at 5.30 

p. m. May 19 (discharge about 2,850 second-feet); minimum discharge about 132 

second-feet February 2.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet at 7.15 p. m. June 7, 1914 (discharge, 5,350 second-feet); minimum discharge about 130 second-feet March 5 

and 6, 1916, and January 23,1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The few power plants above the station have little storage, and no 

diurnal fluctuation has been observed at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent throughout the year. Rating 

curve well denned between 209 and 1,570 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. During winter period chain gage was read. Openwater records good, except those for high stages, which are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

J&n Itfa

Feb. 25o

Made by 

L. L. Smith...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

61.18

61.91

62.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

178

17

194

Date.

Apr. 30

July 19

. Made by 

T. G.Bedford.........

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage

Feet. 

c2.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

998

230

o Complete ice coyer at control and measuring section. 

& Referred to chain gage.

c Referred to sloping gage; some uncertainty as to correct gage height as it was determined from reading of 

chain gage, correction being deduced from previous simultaneous reading of the two gages.

125832° 20 WSP 474 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

245

227

230

223

207

223

211

<>1 Q

225

245

254

248

227

264

251

332

356

328

323

276

318

318

386

456

472

479

501

530

Nov.

402

417

450

472

439

356

356

402

047

qc«

°.fifi

371

qco

328

301

318

OQQ

270

OQQ

305

328

305 q-m

284

9A7

245

245

OCA

248

997

Dec.

245

223

238

232

907

215

207

200

194

189

186

186

183

180

178

1 70

170

170

170

170

164

162

161

160

160

167

164

168

173

Jan.

162

162

170

178

203

186

203

178

178

178

170

155

177

149

155

140

148

170

162

170

162

155

162

148

Feb.

148

132

148

155

148

155

155

162

162

162

155

162

170

178

178

178

217

170

178

203

186

194

196

Mar.

200

203

205

207

209

211

213

215

219

223

234

245

266

530

710

830

1,050

1,210

1,390

1,570

1,870

2,070

2,290

2,400

1,210

1,130

1,050

800

770

770

Apr.

800

770

800.

740

710

650

800

680

590

590

530

407

456

417

450

620

590

472

501

650

590

710

650

434

472

590

QOA

May.

970

865

590

680

590

501

560

620

620

1,130

1,390

1,480

1,390

1,130

830

770

970

2,400

2,740

2,070

1,870

1,670

1,300

1,870

2,070

2,740

2,620

2 400

2^070

1,570

June.

1,210

1,050

970

830

770

770

770

650

650

650

650

501

461

450

407

501

347

407

386

347

347

332

305

310

251

386

347

OQQ

314

July.

314

301

314

347

417

361

310

273

267

264

264

236

257

264

270

238

230

238

238

254

238

232

241

310

530

397

264

243

461

318

590

Aug.

560

276

284

243

223

243

219

301

501

620

650

710

530

386

301

264

273

257

270

270

251

257

251

243

254

qm

264

Sept.

267

245

.251

254

236

236

211

203

196

201

257

337

264

251

241

257

236

254

264

245

236

211

219

236

276

264

241

203

217

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 24.

Monthly discharge of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

530 

472 

245 

203 

217 

2,400 

1,090 

2,740 

1,210 

590 

710 

337

2,740

Minimum.

207 

227 

160 

140 

132 

200 

407 

501 

251 

230 

219 

196

132

Mean.

304 

330 

186 

172 

172 

815 

623 

1,410 

531 

306 

330 

243

455

Per 

square 

mile.

0.627 

.680 

.384 

.355 

.355 

1.68 

1.28 

2.91 

1.09 

.631 

.680 

.501

.938

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.72 

.76 

.44 

.41 

.37 

1.94 

1.43 

3.36 

1.22 

.73 

.78 

.56

12.72
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN". 35

WATTPACA RIVER NEAR WAUPACA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 22 N., R. 12 E., at Waupaca County highway bridge, about 

4 miles downstream from Waupaca, Wis.

DRAINAGE AREA. 305 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18, 1917, to September 30, 1918; June 28, 1916, to 

October 18, 1917, records were obtained at a station near Weyauwega, about a 

mile downstream from present site.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to upstream handrail of bridge,'read by Harry Radtke.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists of fine gravel and clay, clean and free from 

vegetation. Control not well defined; may shift slightly. Right bank is high 

and will rarely be overflowed; left bank of medium height and will be overflowed 

in time of flood stage.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 6.0 feet, March 19 (stage 

discharge relation affected by ice); minimum open-water stage recorded 1.57 feet 

September 30 (minimum discharge occurred probably during winter period).

REGULATION. The operation of power plants at and above Waupaca on the main 

stream and also several on the Crystal River may cause slight fluctuation during 

low stages. The pondage at the various plants is small and mean monthly discharge is believed to represent nearly the natural flow.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Waupaca River near Waupaca, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 19a.

26a.

Dec.226.

Jan. 216.

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.92

2.06

2.6P

3.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233

289

138

Date.

Feb. 266

Mar. 28..

Made by 

T. G.Bedford..........

......do...... ........

W.G.Hovt..... .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

2.19

2.05

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

168

327

182

a Measurement made by wading. 6 Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Waupaca River'near Waupaca, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2. .... ....._..

3...--...-.. ..

4... ........ .

5......... ....

6..............

7. ............

8. ...........

9..............

10...............

11..............

12..............

13........... .. 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.......... ... 

27..............

28.......... ...

20.... ......... 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.78

1 79

1.80

1.83

1.84

1.81

1.82 

1.96

9 1

2.0

2.1

Nov.

1.86

1.78

1.85

1.86

1.96

1.80

1.84

1.75

1.79 

1.74

1.76

1.69

1.72

1.75

1.69

1.77

1.72

1.74

2.0

1.76

1.68 

1.78

1.75

1.74 

1.66

Dec.

1 69

1.76

1.68

1.78

I on

3.6

9 81

2.7

2.1

1 97

1.98

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.99

2.05

2.65

2.65

9 7

2.5

2.55 

2.6

2 7

2.R5 

2.7

2

7C

Jan.

2.75

2.75

3.0

 2.85

9 S

2.95

2.85

3 0

3

n

2.85

3

n

9 Q

3.1 ^ n

°, i

°, 1

3 1

°, 1

3 1

°, n

°, i

3 9

2 95

3 9

3.3

3.3 

3.2

3

0

3.? 

3.4

3

0

Feb.

3 4

3.3

3.4

3.4

^ ^

3.4

3.4

3 4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3 4.

3.5

' ^ i

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.5

3

e

3.4

3 1

3.6

3.5 

3.6

3.6

Mar.

3.6

3.7

4.0

4.5

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.0

2.45

3.5

3.9

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.5

6.0 5.6

4.7

3.6

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.1

2.15

2.1

Apr.

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.99

1.98

1 03

2.0

2.0

1 9*>

1.88

1 S3

1.8*5

1.86 

1.87

1 98

1.84

1.77

1.90

1.87

1 Q1

1.93

1.96

2.0

1.89

1.87

3.79 

1.86

1 90

2.3 

2.2

May.

2.1

1.95

1.99

1.84

1.82

1.81

1.88

1.81

1.90

2.45

2.6

2.45

2.25 

2.1

2.0

1.99

1.94

3.2

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.55

2.5

2.3

3.6

3.4 

3.5

3.0

2.65 

2.55

2.3E

June.

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.05

1.99

1.92 

1.91

1 91

1.84

1.86

1.87

1.85

1.85

1.86

1.84

1.81

1.86

1.83

1.87

1.87

1.85 

1.81

July.

1.92

1.93

1.89

1.81

1.93

1.91

1.88

1.88

1.75

1.83

1.83

1.82

1.80 

1.85

1.76

1.89

1.84

1.75

1 71

1.67

1.75

1.71

1.75

1.78

1.83

1.87 

1.80

1 75

1.85 

1.88

Aug.

1.68

1.76

1.80

1.78

1.71

1.71

1.71

1.92

1.98

1.96

1.88

2.2

2.2 

1.99

1.90

1.80

1.86

1.79

1.76

1.76

1.73

1.70

1.71

1 79

1.74

1.75 

1.69

3.57

2.05 

1.87

1.S4

Sept.

1.75

1.69

1.72

1.68

1.58

1.62

1.65

1.68

1.62

1.72

1 89

1.85

1.81 

1.76

1.77

1.73

1.79

1.82

1.70

1.80

1.75

1.69

1.78

1.69

1.62

1.62

1 64

1.66

1 ^7

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 24, 25 and Dec. 4 to Mar. 22. 

SHEBOYGAN RIVER NEAR SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 15 N., R. 23 E., about 2 miles west of Sheboygan, Sheboygan

County, and 2J miles above mouth. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 403 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30, 1916, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of bridge; read by Hattie Opgenorth. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading; at extreme

flood stages, from Chicago & North Western Railway bridge, one-third mile

downstream. 

CHA-NNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a well-defined riffle about 200 feet below bridge.

Bed of stream is heavy gravel; clear and free from aquatic grass. Banks are of

medium height and are rarely overflowed. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. 1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 8.85 feet at 8.15 a .m.,

March 20, 1918. The stage on March 18 and 19, 1918 was somewhat higher, as

the observer reports inability to read the gage due to overflow around approach.

Minimum stage 1.68 feet at 7.15 p. m., September 13, 1918. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

REGULATION. At low stages there is a small amount of diurnal fluctuation due to

operation of small power plants above.

Stage-discharge relation apparently not permanent. Determination of daily discharge during year held up pending the making of additional discharge measurements.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

Discharge measurements of Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 20o

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.66

2 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

63

99

Date.

Mar. 27

July 18

Made by 

T. G. Bedford..........

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.16

2.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,630

51

o Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

2..............

4.............. 

5..............

6.............. 

7----..-.....-.

9. ............ . 

10-....- ---...--

11..............

19

13..-........--- 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20-.-.....-....-

91

99

OQ

oc

26..............

27....-...-...-.

9ft

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2 1ft

9 91

2 22

2.21

9 AA

2.28

2 1 1\

2 ftfi

2.02

2 17

2 26

2

00

2.20 

2 24

2.22

2 16

2.28

2.37 

2.29 

2.26

2 99

2 9Q

2.57

2.73

2.64 

3.48

3.45

3.10 

2.95 

2.72

Nov.

2

QA

2 7Q

2 84

2.85

2 ftH

2.77

2 77

2 74.

2.68 

2.74

9 ^7

2.48

2.53

2 CO.

2

C1

2.42

2.46 

2.40 

2 43

3.20

2 61

2.78

2.62

2.28

O OQ

2.40 

2.36

Dec.

2 44

2.32

2 Aft

2.42

2.40

2.46

2 J.9

2

00

2

QC

2.34

2

crt

2

KA

2 EC

2

CR

2.38 

2.86

2 fift

2 84

2.80

2

Cfi

2.68

9 4-fi

2.02 

2.34

2.46

2.40 

2.34 

2.36

Jan.

2 34

9 fin

2 Oft

2.34

2 Qft

3.02

2

00

2.36

2.46 

2.66

2

Cfi

2.66

2 64

2 7fi

2.70

2.78

3.14 

3.28 

3 in

3 <in

2 on

2.96

3.14

3.10 

3.02

3.06

2.96 

3.60 

3.32

Feb.

3 99

o. qe

3

AO

3.80

3

Af\

3.60

0. AZ

3,45

3.65

3

Qf\

3 7n

S fift

3.75 'i.'io

3.20

S

ort

4.15

~ 5.05

5.70

Mar.

5

QC

6

9C

7.35

7.75

7.35 

7 °.n

7 30

"5." 45~

£ OA

6.60 

7.70

8

AA

8

QA

8.84

's.'re

7.65

7.05

6.32

5.50

5.60

5.40 

5.15

4.78

4.65 

4.43 

4.28

Apr.

3.95

3.68

3.30 

3.35

2.86 

2.75

3.05

2.89 

2.90

3.04

2.80

2.69 

2.59

2.61

2.61

2.73 

2.77 

2.71

3.00

3.46

2.91

3.02

3.11

2.57

2.84

3.38 

3.28

May.

2.78

2.77

2.81 

2.73

2.59 

2.99

3.02

2.77 

3.16

3.11

3.01

2.95 

2.94

2.86

2.85

2.77

3.06 

3.16 

3.32

2.97

3.28

3.26

3.00

3.02

3.23 

3.30

3.80

3.68 

3.50 

3.34

June.

3.31

3.06 

3.00

2.94 

2.81

2.74

2.87 

2.78

2.84

2.64

2.59 

2.49

2.55

2.74

2.49

2.59 

2.44 

2.39

2.45

2.14

2.26

2.33

2.32

2.34 

2.31

2.51

2.34 

2.55

July.

2.35

2.51

2.44

2.54 

2.38

2.43

2.33

2.29 

2.25

2.39

2.42

2.52 

2.32

2.25

2.29

2.33

2.32 

2.32 

2.33

2.26

2.35

2.37

2.32

2.49

2.46 

2.32

2.30

2.49 

2.28 

2.47

Aug.

2.29

2.45

2.37

2.46 

2.20

2.48 

2.33

2.32

2.45 

2.25

2.27

2.30

2.31 

2.33

2.26

2.36

2.85

2.41 

2.31 

2.10

2.19

2.12

2.62

2.29

2.22

1.95 

2.09

2.16

2.20 

2.26 

2.56

Sept.

2.13

2.08 

2.09

2.01 

1.91

2.30

2.08 

2.10

2.16

1.99

1.92 

2.12

2.08

2.08

1.94

1.99 

2.02 

2.09

1.94

1.95

1.94

1.95

1.96

2.06 

2.05

2.00

1.91 

2.06

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 24 to Mar. 20.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT IV.

MILWAUKEE RIVER NEAR MILWAUKEE, WIS.

LOCATION. In NW. J sec. 5, T. 7 N., R. 22 E., immediately above an old quarry near 

north limits of Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, half a mile below concrete highway bridge and 1 mile above Mineral Spring road; 5J miles above confluence of 

Milwaukee and Menominee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 661 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 30, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Inclined gage on concrete foundations on left bank of river; prior to April 18, 

1918, chain gage fastened to cantilever arm supported by posts set in concrete 

foundations. Both gages at same datum. Gage read by Miss Bertha Kuehl.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of channel at gage heavy gravel; about 200 feet below 

the gage is a rock outcrop with a 4-foot fall which forms the control and is fairly 

permanent, changing only during exceptionally heavy floods. Below the control 

the river flows in an artificial channel which at one time was a quarry. Left bank 

above and below the control high and not subject to overflow; right bank above 

control of medium height; below the control the right bank is artificial and of such 

height that overflow will rarely occur.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading immediately above the gage section; 

at medium and high stages from a concrete highway bridge about a mile upstream 

from the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, determined by levels to

high-water mark, 9.00 feet, early in morning of March 20 (discharge, about 12,100

second-feet); minimum discharge about 45 second-feet, January 20 to February 2.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, that of March 20, 1918; minimum stage

recorded, 0.50 foot at 8.31 p. m., August 2, 1916 (discharge, about 26 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. No diurnal fluctuation at the gage resulting from operation of small 

plants above.

ACCURACY. Stage discharge relation changed somewhat during the flood of March. 

Two rating curves used during year, both well defined between 88 and 3,710 

second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying 

to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records 

excellent, except those for extremely high and low stages, which are only good; 

winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Mar. 256

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.50

2.05

8.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

141

58

10,400

Date.

July 18

Made by 

T. G. Bedford..........

W. G. Hoyt...... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.31

.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

349

91

« Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

6 Velocity determined by timing movement of ice cakes and debris over a measured course 200 feet long 

at old bridge section 1,000 feet downstream from gage.

«Made at second highway bridge 1 mile upstream from gage.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 39

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

19..............

22..............

23..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

150

127

127

197

130

127

154

210

247

288

247

91 1

205

99 c

353

294

264

210

VGA

952

1,270

1 ocn

1 360

1,360

1,180

908

Nov.

777

704

650

610

coo

494

5:32

494

460

373

QfiV

360

360

qcq

097

327

301

270

288

288

294

294

360

047

294

294

QAt

Dec.

230

294

on.7

247

1QC

115

110

105

100

90

90

95

100

100

105

110

115

120

IQfl

145

165

185

190

190

185

170

160

i in

1 JC

Jan.

130

120

110

95

90

85

80

70

65

60

60

60

60

60

60

55

ten

50

45

45

45

45

45

45

AX

45

45

AK

45

Feb.

45

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

90

100

110

115

130

145

1 Ifl

160

170

185

91 fi

240

270

9Qfi

360

JOE

1,090

1,180

Mar.

1,270

1,310

1,360

1,360

1,180

1,270

1,680

1,790

1,360

1,270

1,180

1 790

2 260

2*380

2

fiqfi

2 760

3' 150

4,410

8 260

12*100

W QAA

7 450

4^860

3

A<3(\

2,400

1,920

1,500

1,310

1,080

QQC

QAC

Apr.

860

860

770

685

645

605

605

770

645

568

495

402

OQO

389

OJ7

421

568

645

860

1,130

1,130

950

685

530

460

530

728

QAC

May.

860

460

365

371

447

495

568

728

fine

495

447

qoo

335

97fi

335

860

1 040

QKA

1,220

1,130

995

770

530

7OQ

995

1 '001 040

QnK

June

770

389

347

330

305

258

240

240

01 C

206

180

110

146

136

102

82

09

109

117

136

133

117

93

05.

80

86

86

July

117

120

127

117

127

136

125

107

102

100

78

104

100

95

107

120

93

93

95

130

117

58

72

58

55

55

K1

82

95

O3

91

Aug.

95

91

86

93

66

80

91

78

62

60

60

01

117

01

102

117

109

84

86

84

11

48

84

72

48

CO

60

KK

66

80

Sept.

66

51

78

82

70

58

66

70

64

91

104

09

117

117

100

91

109

91

91

78

80

91

86

95

78

62

78

70

80

79

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 10. Gage washed out Mar. 19; discharge 

interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 661 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,360 

777 

307 

130 

1,180 

12, 100 

1,130 

1,220 

770 

136 

125 

117

12, 100

Minimum.

117

270 

90 

45 

45 

905 

347 

276 

80 

51 

48 

51

45

Mean.

448 

403 

154 

65.0 

239 

2,930 

661 

678 

209 

97.4 

80.3 

82.6

508

Per 

square 

mile.

0.678 

.610 

.233 

.098 

.362 

4.43 

1.00 

1.03 

.316 

.147 

.121 

.125

.769

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78 

.68 

.27 

.11 

.38 

5.11 

1.12 

1.19 

.35 

.17 

.14 

.14

10.43
40 SUEFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

LITTLE CALUMET RIVER AT HARVEY, ILL.

LOCATION. In NW. J sec. 9, T. 36 N-, R. 14 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge 

800 feet north of railroad station at One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street, 

Harvey, Cook County, 11 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 570 square miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1:500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Daily discharge, October 1, 1916, to September 30, 1918; 

daily gage heights, collected by Sanitary District of Chicago, June 10, 1907, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to bridge pier; read by Mrs. H. Wurtman.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during medium 

and high stages, or by wading during low stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river composed of clay and gravel. Low-water 

control is at "The Rocks," about a mile below gage; bed of river, heavy gravel; 

somewhat shifting. Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 4 p. m. February 15 (discharge not determined because of backwater from 

ice). Maximum open-water stage recorded, 7.1 feet at 8 a. m. and 4 p. m. March 

1 (discharge, 1,680 second-feet); minimum discharge, probably somewhat less 

than 25 second-feet, occurred in January.

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 13.4 feet March 6, 1908 (discharge not 

determined); minimum discharge, that in January, 1918.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent throughout the year; 

seriously affected by ice during the winter. Rating curve well defined above 

and fairly well defined below 125 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. 

Records good for open-water periods; poor for winter.

Discharge measurements of Little Calumet River at Harvey, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Nov. 1. .......................

Mar.2. .......................

May 27. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.67

6.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

188

1,600

Date.

18......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

68

76
STKEAMS TKIBUTAKY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 41

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Calumet River at Harvey, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11...... .......

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

70

68

68

74

72

77

74

71

70

71

71

74

74

77

77

77

113

147

158

170

170

170

170

182

170

182

182

182

182

170

182

Nov.

182

195

182

182

182

170

170

158

147

138

134

127

119

115

113

113

125

129

127

117

113

117

119

109

111

107

109

109

111

109

Dec.

109

109

111

109

109

80

130

Jan.

85

40

25

Feb.

30

1,130

1,520

Mar.

1,680

1,620

1,510

1,400

1,290

1,290

1,190

1,090

1,090

995

905

905

1,340

1,340

1,090

995

905

905

860

816

773

731

731

690

650

610

570

530

510

472

Apr.

472

433

414

378

344

328

311

280

265

250

236

208

195

170

158

145

136

236

222

195

236

311

296

265

265

265

452

378

May.

378

344

311

280

280

265

265

280

265

280

344

311

361

361

328

296

280

250

236

650

414

361

344

328

414

396

378

361

452

690

650

June.

530

452

414

396

396

378

378

361

344

328

296

265

236

222

195

170

136

123

105

98

91

87

84

82

79

77

77

98

91

101

July.

361

311

280

280

280

296

311

328

311

311

296

280

250

236

208

208

182

158

136

125

113

98

87

81

76

101

115

147

182

170

Aug.

147

119

113

96

85

77

68

65

65

65

62

62

59

56

56

53

65

125

81

71

65

62

58

98

O4

74

71

64

58

62

65

Sept.

70

65

71

73

94

91

87

85

84

77

84

91

91

94

91

84

77

73

74

74

74

71

70

68

66

65

65

65

65

68

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 6 to Feb. 28 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge of Little Calumet River at Harvey, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 570 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

April. .........................................

July. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

182 

195

1,680 

472 

690 

530 

361 

147 

94

Minimum.

68 

107

472 

136 

236 

77 

76 

53 

65

Mean.

119 

135 

102 

49.2 

849 

986 

280 

360 

223 

210 

75.8 

77.0

285

Per 

square 

mile.

0.209 

.237 

.179 

.086 

1.49 

1.73 

.491 

.632 

.391 

.368 

' .133 

.135

.500

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.26 

.21 

.10 

1.55 

1.99 

.55 

.73 

.44 

.42 

.15 

.15

6.79
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

GRAND RIVER AT GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

LOCATION. At Fulton Street Bridge, Grand Rapids. 

 DRAINAGE AREA. 4,900 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 12, 1901, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Staff, attached to bridge; read to tenths; occasionally, October 1, 1917, to

February 10, and July 1 to August 5, 1918; twice daily, February 11 to June 30,

except on Sundays. Gage read by Charles Darling and J. M. Knoll. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 16.2 feet at 8 a. m. and

5 p. m. March 18; minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet several days in June, July

and August.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants above station may modify low-water flow. 

COOPERATION. Records furnished by city engineer of Grand Rapids.

No discharge measurements made during the year.

Daily gage height, infect, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. ....................

2.....................

S. ....................

4. ....................

5.....................

6.....................

7.....................

8.....................

9.....................

10.....................

11.....................

12.....................

13.....................

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

18..................... 

18.....................

20.....................

21.....................

22.....................

23..................... 

24.....................

25.....................

26..................... 

27.....................

28.....................

29.....................

30.....................

si

Oct.

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

1.0

-1.0

.6

.2 

......

1.2

1.4

Nov.

1.6

1.4

.4

.2

.4

.6

g

"-".8

1.0

1.0

-1.0 

1.0

-1.0

Q

Dec.

-0.8

- .8

.7

- .7

- .6

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

"-"ij" 

.2

.4 

.4

.4

Jan.

0.4

.3

.4

.4

0

.3

0

.4

0

0

.2

.3

0

.3 

.4

.4

.3 

.3

.3 

.3

.3

.4

.3

0

Feb.

0.3

.4

.3

.4

.3

.3

.4

.4

.4

.45

2.35

4.85

7.65

8.95

9.65

11.75 

12.75 

14.3

14.5

14.5

14.3 

13.45

12.55

12.35 

12.05

12.05

Mar.

12.05

12.0

11.0

10.95

10.6

9.4

9

OC

10.5

11.75

13.0

14.35

15.9

16.2 

15.6 

14.6

13.7

12.8

11.92

10.15

9.2 

8.3

7.1

5.8

4.8

Apr.

3.75

3.45

3.45

3.6

3.5

3.4

2.45

1.95

1.75

1.55

1.4

1.4

.55

.5

.4

.55 

1.4

.8

1.55

1.35 

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.55

.95

May.

0.85

1.0

.85

.8

.4

.45

.4

.3

.1

.2

.6

.95

1.2

1.2

g

.55 

.......

.1

 .1

.3 

.3

.2

"".85

1.85

1.35

.8

June.

0.8

.3

.35

.3

.4

.4

.4

.3

.4

.38^<;

- .4

- .5

- .9

- .85 

1.0

1.0

-1.2

-1.25

-1.65

-1.8 

1.8

-1.6

-1.7

July.

-1.8

-1.5

-1.6

1.8

-1.7

-1.8

-1.6

-1.8 

""l.8

-1.7

"-1.8

-1.8-

-1.8

-1.8

1.8

Aug.

-1.8

-1.8

.......

.......

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, MICH.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Freeland.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,530 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1903, to August 3, 1906; October 28, 1906, to

December 31, 1909; January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1918 

COOPERATION. Estimates of daily discharge were made and furnished by G. S.

Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 43

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3. ............ .

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..-.-.-.......

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.. ........... .

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23*... ...........

24..., .......... .

25..............

26... ...........

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

620

636

646

646

675

700

700

700

690

675

690

700

700

706

730

730

748

786

815

900

930

930

942

ooft

1,020

1,050

1,098

Nov.

1,110

1,110

1,098

1,080

1,038

990

960

930

882

870

870

oof)

918

930

930

900

918

930

900

900

942

930

930

1,300

1,441

1,432

1,423

1 ^Qft

1,365

1,300

Dec.

1,244

2,025

1,985

1,905

1,921

1,921

1,905

1,985

1,020

928

1,000

1,032

1,130

1 3Qft

1,410

1,300

1,244

Qfi7

QAQ

928

QOC

910

891

871

Qf\1

858

838

838

Jan.

828

821

838

838

821

787

770

770

762

758

758

750

750

770

7Q4.

814

821

828

838

838

866

928

928

928

928

948

967

983

967

948

967

Feb.

967

967

967

967

967

967

967

948

928

928

948

983

1,112

1,244

1,308

1,855

2,330

2,300

2,275

2 o^ifi

2 inn

2,125

2,250

2,430

3,855

4,390

Mar.

4,500

4,700

4,700

4,205

3,905

3,800

3,620

3,330

3,255

3,225

3,480

3,620

4,825

5,790

5,520

5,490

5,790

6,180

7,650

9,600

8,200

7,400

5,870

5,790

5,600

5,500

5,450

5,400

5,300

Apr.

5,275

5,060

4,800

4,250

3,520

3,285

3,285

3,031

2,700

2,400

2,270

2,025

1 Sfifi

1,825

1,825

1,865

1,865

1,825

1 ft9^

2,400

4,100

4,250

4,250

3,475

2,610

2,315

2

0Aft

2,270

May.

2,270

2,246

2,230

2,230

2,230

2,105

2,065

2,025

2,025

1,985

1,945

1,905

1,865

1,825

1,825

1,865

1,865

1,825

1,801

1,785

1 745

1*785

1,825

1,985

2,875

4 050

7*109

9 07^

8,700

7,735

6,930

June.

4,800

3,285

2,875

2,400

1,785

1,705

1,600

1,235

1,221

1,200

1,182

1,170

1,170

1,166

1,140

1,020

930

900

845

01 C

786

7fifi

748

730

730

700

730

730

July.

930

1,140

1,080

1,050

1,020

1,002

990

930

930

845

815

786

760

730

700

700

Ron

675

fiCO

658

646

646

690

01 c

845

930

990 oofi

900

845

760

Aug.

675

646

620

566

566

566

582

566

566

582

592

603

KQO

603

620

646

646

658

675

700

700

700

700

700

690

680

685

690

690

700

Sept.

700

730

760

786

786

815

930

990

930

900

845

815

815

821

845

815

786

760

748

700

663

646

636

620

620

592

582

566

566

Monthly discharge of Tlttabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 2,530 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

Jvky... ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,098 

1,441 

2,025 

983 

4,390 

10,000 

5,275 

9,075 

4,800 

1,140 

700 

990

10,000

Minimum.

620 

870 

838 

750 

928 

3,225 

1,825 

1,745 

700 

646 

566 

566

566

Mean.

777 

1,050 

1,250 

849 

1,750 

5,340 

2,980 

3,020 

1,380 

843 

639 

745

1,720

Per 

square 

mile.

0.307 

.415 

.494 

.336 

.692 

2.11 

1.18 

1.19 

.545 

.333 

.253 

.294

.680

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35 

.46 

.57 

.39 

.72 

2.43 

1.32 

1.37 

.61 

.38 

.29 

.33

9.22

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by United States Geological Survey.
44 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 

HURON RIVER AT BARTON, MICH.

LOCATION. At dam and power plant of Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Barton, near 

Ann Arbor, 4 miles above station at Geddes.

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1 to September 30, 1918.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow computed from records of operation of power 

plant, the flow through under-sluice during floods, and the depth of flow over 

dam. The flow through the power house is determined from a calibration of the 

turbines by means of a specially constructed weir, the crest of which was formed 

by a|-inch by 5-inch milled plate, the discharge over the weir being computed 

by Bazin's formula for free overflow. The greater part of the flood water passes 

through under-sluices in the power-house foundations, and this flow is determined 

from a weir calibration of the sluices. Water flows over crest of dam only a few 

days during the year.

COOPERATION. Daily-discharge record furnished by G. S. Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Barton, Mich., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5......--..-...

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

164

155

162

166

158

182

163

215

143

134

170

171

146

161

169

194

217

9t t;

285

297

364

368

364

373

413

515

476

Nov.

478

420

406

385

419

- 376

OQ1

^17

326

314

314

278

340

264

313

9Qfi

9QQ

979

289

970

970

250

273

9KE

221

254

266

Dec.

222

205

280

203

228

231

991

211

220

179

206

191

219

160

210

217

194

1CQ

261

977

315

326

246

o-(O

243

91 o

232

Jan.

196

189

192

91 7

1 *.£

168

186

1 00

179

177

 too

1 K.fi

158

159

149

IXK

146

140

111

143

146

151

117

107

151

146

Feb.

150

136

153

150

164

160

165

202

575

862

1,338

2,424

1,642

1 ^7fi

1 °.9fl

1 Q9S

9 1Q7

1,914

I fifiC

1,661

0 Cftfi

3,194

Mar.

2,499

2,602

2,686

2,370

2,185

1 Q^Q

1,811

1 79Q

1,720

1,487

1,765

2

AKQ

5,841

4,138

3 fiflO

3,382

3 9fifi

2 EEC

2 1Q7

1,759

1,577

1,346

1,205

981

917

Apr.

914

922

941

899

857

786

77 fi

700

660

fins

564

521

COO

KAK

594

551

EC 7

891

464

501

482

426

489

May.

518

523

442

442

4OO

459

QQO

412

418

KfiQ

502

452

458

415

 3AK

QOQ

331

226

284

222

272

281

June.

255

256

211

214

207

186

IQfl

1QQ

194

178

174

166

160

143

145

1 K.Q

136

44

135

129

107

119

100

98

65

July.

177

106

98

68

111

117

70

108

99

101

102

97

CQ

98

1 *ft

77

104

109

48

100

95

97

109

Q4

22

96

120

94

Aug.

91

88

83

18

92

7Q

89

QA

85

49

40

87

Q9

97

97

on

74

48

9,7

96

92

81

68

18

72

61

54

68

68

Sept.

70

or

fiQ

loo

160

134

119

177

142

111

147

151

1W

141

160

146

17C

130

142

151

108

129
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 45

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Barton, Mich.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

December .................. ..................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

515 

478 

326 

217 

3,806 

5,841 

941 

581 

256 

177 

126 

177

5,841

Minimum.

134 

221 

152 

103 

136 

917 

426 

222 

44 

22 

18 

69

18

Mean.

249 

315 

226 

163 

1,260 

2,310 

636 

398 

160 

98.5 

74.5 

134

498

Per 

square 

mile.

0.344 

.436 

.313 

.225 

1.74 

3.20 

.880 

.550 

.221 

.136 

.103 

.185

.689

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.49 

.36 

.26 

2.01 

3.69 

.98 

.63 

.25 

.16 

.12 

.21

9.56

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by United States Geological Survey. 

HURON RIVER AT FLAT ROCK, MICH.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Flat Bock,. 2,000 feet below crossing of Detroit,

Toledo & Ironton Bailway. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6, 1904, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Staff; read daily to tenths, occasionally to half tenths twice daily, by John

Vincent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage during year above 11 feet (water over gage)

March 15; minimum stage recorded, 0.9 foot, several days in July and August. 

ICE, Ice jams form below the station and cause backwatar at the gage; in general

the section above the station is kept open by the power plant. 

REGULATION. At ordinary stages flow of the river is controlled by a dam and power

plant immediately above station, but operation of this plant is assumed to have

little effect on diurnal fluctuations of stage.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

2..............

5..............

6..............

7.............. 

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

19

1^

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

17...-....-.-...

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23.............. 

24..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

1.6

1.4

1.65

1.5

1.55

1.65

1.5 

1.35

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.55

1.4

1.6

1.35

1.6 

1.6

1.7

1.65

2.0

1.6

1.65 

2.0 

1 95

2.05

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.7

3.05 

3.0

Nov.

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.2

1.95

2.45

2.1 

2.1

1.9

1 9

1.9

1 75

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.75

2.2

1 9

2.0 

1.9

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.85

Dec.

1.75

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.6 1-6

1.8

1 7^

1.65

2.15

1.9

2.0

1.95

1.8 

1.7

2.2

9 1

2.25

2.5

2.7 

2.6

9 1

2.8

2.65

2.5

?.5

2.2 

2.05

Jan.

2.6

2.35

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.2 

2.35

2.6

2.45

2.55

2.8

2.8

2.3

2.2

3.0 

2.8

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.5 

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.7 

2.85

Feb.

2.8

1 0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.75

3.7

5.15

7.0

8.4

8.75 

9.3

8.8

8.55

9.25

9.75 

8.95

8.3

8.52

9.58

10.4

Mar.

9.62

9 1

9 8

9.78

9.4

8.88

8.7 

8.38

7.78

7.7

7.4

7.05

7.1

8.12

9.3

8.8

8.52 8-4

8.28

8. OS

7.8 

7.5 

7.1

6.72

6.25

5.6

4.25

5.1 

4.7

Apr.

4.62

4.6

4 65

4.5

4.4

4.25

4.0

Q 7

3.6

3

E

3 4

2.9 ^ n

2

Q

2

7E

2.85 

2.19

2 Q

3.1

2.95

2.9

3.05 

3.1 

2 25

2

K

2.0

2.0

2.6

3.25

May.

3.1

9 7

2.7

2.5

2.35

2.35 

2.6

2.1

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.9

2.35 

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.1

1.9 

1.7 

1.75

1 9

1.6

2.05 "i.'s"

June.

1.65

1.7

1.8

1.85

1.7

2.0

1.55

1.55

1.6

1 A.X*

1.4.5

1.4

1 4.R

-----

1.35

1 ^

1.5

1.35

1.4

July.

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.05

"i."2"

1.2

1.5

1.4

1 ^

1 ^

1.05

1.3

1.5.5

1.35

1.5 

1.35

1 ^Q

1.5

1 45

1.2

1.05 

1.5

Aug.

1.6

1 i^

1.5

1.15

95

1.2

1 ^

1.35

1 9^

1.4

1.4

1.2

1 ^

1.4 

1 45

1.45

1.0

1.05

1.45 

1.35 

1.6

1 45

1.2

1.45

1.5 

1.4

Sept.

1.55

j 3

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1 4.^

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6 ""i.'s"

1 45

1.6

1 45

1 tt

1.55

1.45

CATTARAUGUS CREEK AT VERSAILLES, N. Y.

LOCATION. At three-span highway bridge in Versailles, Cattaraugus County, 2J miles

above mouth of Clear Creek, 6 miles below Gowanda, and 8 miles above mouth

of stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 467 square miles (measured on post-route map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 23, 1910, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain, on upstream side of right span of bridge; read by Charles Wilson. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rock and gravel; shifting. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.0 feet at 8 a. m.

February 23 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice, discharge not computed);

minimum stage recorded during year, 4.35 feet several times in August (discharge

about 49 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 11.6 feet at 5.40 p.m., March

25, 1913 (discharge, about 30,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 4.35 feet

several times in August, 1918 (discharge, about 49 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during much of

the period from December to March. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily effective gage height to

rating table. Records fair.
STKEAMS TKIBUTAKY TO LAKE EKIE. 47

Discharge measurements of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

1911.

Mar. 1.... .....................

May 29........................

29........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.43

6.18

4.99

4.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,950

333

347

Date.

1912.

22.......................

22.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.45

4.50

4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

78.1

78.4

117

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

3..............

4............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............

10..............

12..............

13.............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.......... . %

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

170

190

1,600

1,200

1,000

800

380

380

280

300

500

850

900

1,100

650

420

1,100

2 inn

900

700

650

1 cnrt

3,600

2

QAA

5,500

6,000

8,500

10,000

3,400

Nov.

1,900

1,500

1,300

1,100

1,000

900

900

750

700

700

650

600

550

500

500

550

550

500

550

500

480

550

750

650

500

500

380

550

500

550

Dec.

1,400

1 '650 000

600

500

480

420

280

280

320

380

400

480

550

550

600

650

750

850

1,200

2,400

2 200

l'500

i cnn

3,400

1,700

1,000

800

550

500

440

Jan.

380

340

340

360

360

340

qon

320

qon

qon

qon

qon

qon

300

300

260

260

240

240

240

OAfi

OJfl

240

OJfi

240

240

240

<>on

220

oon

220

Feb.

oon

220

oon

220

oon

oon

1 cnn

3 onn

1,700

2 Ann

2 200

2

cnn

1 500

I'ooo onn

900

2 600

i <^nn

2 onn

4 400

4*400

3 onn

7 000

2*000

I onn

Mar.

1 800

I'lOO

950

2 400

4,000

i son

1 000

2 fiAft

1 400

1,400

16,000

4,000

1 400

1,200

1 200

I'lOO

1 400

1,400

1,200

qcn

7en

700

600

Ann

600

cen

cen

500

Apr.

480

650

ccn

500

460

400

qon

380

420

340

oon

420

420

900

800

600 jon

800

fifln

460

400

ccn

600

cen

cnn

400

qon

Qon

qnn

300

May.

300

280

240

240

240

240

280

380

280

320

Knn

qon

460

700

400

300

300

oon

240

1,000

550

340

900

440

340

QKft

CEA

420 °.no

qnn

280

June.

240

200

200

200

220

200

170

200

180

500

440

320

260

200

200

200

170

160

160

340

420

300

240

180

180

160

170

180

.......

July.

240

220

180

150

150

120

130

110

140

220

280

200

160

150

100

140

120

110

100

100

85

95

QA

340

160

130

99ft.

160

800

280

Aug.

180

150

140

140

160

130

85

100

130

150

140

180

140

120

80

55

65

80

65

80

75

80

110

80

65

80

65

65

95

160

85

Sept.

120

85

85

100

160

Qnn

170

110

110

65

100

85

140

180

150

170

440

360

320

ccn

420

380

360

340

440

qnn

440

500

qort

260

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10, to Feb 25.
48 SURFACE WATpR SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Cattamugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

[Drainage area, 467 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,000 

1,900 

3,400 

380 

4,400 

16,000 

900 

1,000 

600 

800 

180 

550

16,000

Minimum.

170 

380 

280 

220 

220 

500 

300 

240 

160 

85 

55. 

65

55

Mean.

1,870 

720 

914 

282 

1,760 

1,890 

491 

414 

236 

181 

107 

252

756

Per 

square 

mile.

4.00 

1.54 

1.96 

.631 

3.78 

4.05 

1.05 

.877 

.505 

.388 

.229 

.540

1.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.61 

1.72 

2.26 

.73 

3.94 

4.67 

1.17 

1.01 

.56 

.45 

.26 

.60

21.98

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 

LITTLE TONAWANDA CREEK AT LINDEN, N. Y.

LOCATION. At stone-arch highway bridge in Linden, Genesee County, about 3 miles 

above junction with Tonawanda Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 22.0 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff, on upstream side of right abutment. Lower 2 feet of enameled 

iron, graduated to hundredths of foot; upper 4 feet of bronze, graduated to halftenths; read by C. L. Schenck.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,000 feet above gage, or by wading 

near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A standard Francis weir, 2.01 feet long and 8 inches high, 

constructed under the upstream side of the bridge, formed the control until 

February 20, 1918, when it was entirely destroyed by ice and has not since been 

replaced. When the water overtopped this weir it flowed over a 2-inch plank 

about 13 feet long, including the 2 feet of weir. The section of the channel that 

forms the control since the destruction of the weir is of coarse gravel and boulders 

and is probably permanent between dates of shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.45 feet at 8 p. m. 

February 19 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice; discharge not determined); 

minimum stage recorded, 0.46 foot at 8 p. m. August 20 (discharge, 0.5 

second-foot).

1912-1918: Maximum stage determined by leveling from flood marks, 14.6 feet 

during the flood of April 22, 1916 (discharge about 2,400 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 0.18 foot August 20 and 21, September 14-16, and October 8, 1913 

(discharge, 0.43 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed when weir was destroyed on February 

20. Rating curve for weir in good condition, well defined up to 250 second-feet 

and fairly well defined between 250 and 750 feet; rating curve for period after the 

weir was destroyed fairly well denned. Gage read to hundred ths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Records good for period when weir was in good condition and fairly good for 

remainder of year.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 49

Discharge measurements of Little Tonawanda Creek near Linden, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Date.

19

19

19

19

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

&L

Feet. 

0.26

.86

.94

1.02

1.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

41

106

116

128

140

Date.

Mar. 19

May 31

31

July 23

Aug. 21

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.18

- .24

.24

- .39

.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

147

6.8

6.8

.70

.60

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4. .............

5.. ............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25...............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.51

1.45

1.51

2.25

2.86

3.28

2.38

2.12

2.18

2.12

2.32

3.36

7.8

8.4

9 7

6.1

5.6

12

19

11

7 9

7.8

154

164

i <u

135

135

144

288

83

Nov.

51

41

34

27

24

21

19

16

16

15

13

13

12

11

12

13

13

13

13

12

12

17

18

13

12

11

10

10

10

14

Dec.

43

21

12

11

10

9.7

8.4

8.7

6.1

7.2

9.0

9 0

9.0

9 0

9.0

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.4

13

35

OQ

23

37

 M

24

18

13

12

11

9.7

Jan.

9.0

8.4

7.8

7.2

6.6

6.6

7.2

6.6

6.6

6.6

7.2

7.8

6.6

6.4

6.1

6.1

5 Q

5.6

5.3

5.6

5.6

5-1

5.1

5.1

4.6

4 Q

4 9

4.9

4.6

4.2

4.4

Feb.

4.2

4.6

3.6

3.6

3 4.52

3.6

4.6

5.1

6.1

9 7

25

115

88

46

Mar.

33

105

52

38

7Q

203

Crt

56

00

158

77

585

203

740

97

63

73

RK

110

108

71

60 ' 42

32

30

9*;

21

26

25

26

25

Apr.

25

43

25

18

15

14

10

16

14

10

14

15

38

9Z

15

22

80

32

21

21

OK

19

19

17

14

13

11

10

9.2

May.

9.2

8.7

8.2

7.8

7.4

6.6

7.4

8.2

7.0

22

17

14

1 ^

19

9.2

8.2

7.4

6.6

6.2

5.9

5.1

5

1

6.6

5.1

5 Q

22

15

10

7.8

8.2

6.6

June

5.9

4.7

4.0

3.8

3.8

5.9

7.4

5.1

A o

5.1

4.3

75

21

16

11

7.4

5.9

5.1

4.0

3.8

4.3

8.2

7.4

5.9

4.3

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.0

July

5.9

4.3

3 9

3 n

2.7

2.1

2.1

2.1

9 7

3.2

2.7

2.7

2.1

1 Q

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.3

1 3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0

2.1

2.1

1.5

Aug.

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.2

1 3

1.0

9

.9

1 Q

1 3

3.2

9

.8

.8

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.6

1.3

.8

.8

.8

.6

.6

.6

.9

.8

1.0

Sept.

O

n

.6

.6

1 3

1.2

.8

.8

.6

.6

.6

.8

1.5

9

1.6

2.1

1.3

1.6

3.8

3.0

2.1

1.6

2.7

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

2.7

2.4

NOTE. Discharge Feb. 12-25 estimated at 141 second-feet because of ice. 

125832° 20 WSP 474 4
50

Monthly du

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 22.0 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

288 

51 

59 

9.0

740 

80 

22 

75 

5.9 

3.2 

3.8

740

Minimum.

1.45 

10 

6.1 

4.2 

3.48 

21 

9.2 

5.1 

3.0 

1.0 

.5 

.6

.5

Mean.

44.6 

17.2 

16.9 

6.1 

82 

107 

22 

9-39 

8.34 

2.16 

.964 

1.69

26* 2

Per 

square 

mile.

2.03

.782 

.768 

.277 

3.73 

4.86 

1.00 

.427 

.379 

.098 

.044 

.077

1.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.34 

.87 

.86 

.32 

3.88 

5.60 

1.12 

.49 

.42 

.11 

.05 

.09

16.15

GENESEE RIVER AT SCIO, N. Y.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge half a mile above Vandermark Creek, half a 

mile above Scio, Allegheny County, and a mile above Knight Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 297 square miles (measured on maps issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1:500,000.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 12, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to downstream face of left bridge abutment; read by 

Raymond Sisson until November 3, and by Miss Retta B. Potter, after that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 9.0 feet at 8 

a. m. March 14 (discharge, 10,400 second-feet); minimum discharge. 34 secondfeet, January 20.

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, that of March 14, 1918; minimum discharge recorded, 25 second-feet, August 25 and 26, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice December 7 to February 13. Rating curve well defined between 25 and 

5,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily; gage-height record 

unreliable, April 27 to May 22, and June 14-20. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good, except those for 

period of ice effect and for periods in which gage-height record was unreliable, 

which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Mar. 5 

May. 27

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

J.W.Moulton. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 83

2.05

2.02 

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

186

55

609 

346

Date.

21

Aug. 23 

23

Made bydo.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.74

.74

.69 

.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

74

73

56.7 

58.2

Measurement made through complete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 51

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22.......... ...

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

61

74

64

91

265

121

98

88

118

101

88

202

010

361

251

1,580

2,680

1,150

850

QQA

2,100

2,100

1,880

4,130

3,440

2 Q9fl

1,680

Nov.

i i ^n

2 680

1,'310

690

fydK

386

4OQ

438

386

OoA

336

288

OKK

99ft

198

265

1 £S

178

220

242

265

312

336

312

336

01 9

Dec.

361

198

178

ion

140

160

120

120

160

140

160

160

140

140

100

180

240

500

440

150

140

110

130

120

Jan.

1OA

100

95

85

7K

75

70

70

65

70

65

65

60

£K

60

55

<w

38

42

46

48

46

46

46

46

46

16

Afi

Feb.

46

46

46

46

46

46

4fi

46

60

1 AA

380

1,300

1,800

1,310

2,800

1,310

990

750

990

850

780

815

720

4,560

1,150

815

Mar.

6,300

1 3fift

1,150

780

fifift

1,680

780

750

815

750

1,150

1,490

2,300

1,070

885

750

720

720

720

750

750

750

720

630

600

630

600

572

Apr.

545

920

850

660

600

572

600

720

7cn

850

815

780

690

780

1,490

1,490

1,880

1,880

1,990

1,780

1,580

1,230

750

720

600

550

500

460

440

May.

460

360

340

QA(\

360

400

^fin

320

oon

320

500

650 <;«yi

440

340

300

260

340

600

550

500

1,310

780

440

518

440

390

465

390

June.

4fi^

97Q

218

200

OOQ

322

K1 Q

415

415

415

97Q

200

150

120

85

60

60

60

77

322

258

200

200

200

181

181

238

July.

04 c

<um

279

OKQ

238

218

200

200

1 39

74

61

41

61

41

41

41

61

41

41

41

41

41

41

61

61

41

41

41

61

61

Aug.

61

41

41

41

147

87

87

147

1AO

218

147

147

147

147

147

116

116

116

87

87

87

61

61

61

41

41

39

43

74

119

Sept.

178

74

71

66

74

264

147

116

113

113

116

116

147

164

147

141

300

258

218

2,540

750

518

440

390

345

300

300

238

238

218

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 7 to Feb. 13 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records for stations downstream. Discharge 

Apr. 27 to May 22, and June 14-20, estimated by comparison with records of flow at St. Helena.

Monthly discharge of Genesee Rivver at Scio, N. Y.,for year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 297 square miles.]

Month.

April. ...................-...-..--....----.-- --

May...........................................

July...........-.......-.....----..--.....--..-

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,130 

2,680 

500 

150 

8,070 

10, 000 

1,990 

1,310 

518 

345 

440 

2,540

10,000

Minimum.

61 

158 

100 

34 

46 

572 

440 

260 

60 

41 

39 

66

34

Mean.

1,040 

455 

188 

67 

1,110 

1,360 

935 

460 

256 

114 

106 

303

529

Per

square 

mile.

3.50 

1.53 

.633 

.226 

3.74 

4.58 

3.15 

1.55 

.862 

.384 

.357 

1.02

1.78

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.04 

1.71 

.73 

.26 

3.90 

5.28 

3.51 

1.79 

.96 

.44 

.41 

1.14

24.17
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

GENESEE RIVER AT ST. HELENA, N. Y.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge in St. Helena, Wyoming County, about 5| miles 

below Portageville and site of proposed storage dam of State of New York Conservation Commission, and 9| miles above mouth, of Canaseraga Creek

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,030 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 14, 1908, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank just below bridge and 

a chain gage fastened to the upstream side of the bridge; middle-span chain gage 

installed August 14, 1908; water-stage recorder installed August 24, 1911. Waterstage recorder inspected by C. S. De Golyer. Chain gage read by Herman Piper.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; frequently shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.4 feet at 5 

p. m. March 14 (discharge about 29,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.00 feet at 7 a. m. July 26 and 6 p. m. August 30 (discharge, 40 second-feet).

1908-1918: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 12.81 feet at 8 a. m. 

May 17, 1916 (discharge, 43,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.70 feet 

at 5 p. m. October 5 and 8 a. m. October 17, 1913 (discharge, approximately 18' 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Rating curve well defined 

between 75 and 2,000 second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,000 and 30,000 

second-feet. Chain gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for days of 

great range in stage, when it was determined by averaging the results obtained 

by applying gage heights for two-hour periods to rating table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 29

Nov. 2

14

Dee. 12o

256 

Feb. 86

 to

13

15

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do............... ...

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.68

4 97

3.24

3.52

3 Q7

3.84 

3.68

7 ^3

4. 56

6. 15

9.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2.950

690

379

000

146

1 ^Q

9

ocn

2,200

5,750

19,300

Date.

Apr. 27

30

June 27 

July 13

13

25

28

Sept. 20

Made by 

J.W.Moulton.. ........

.....do..................

.....do .................

K. D. Burchard. .......

C. S. De Golyer........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

3.44

3.16

2.76 

2.51

2.50 

2.15

2.40

2.10

3.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

sso

774

319

191 

71

144

57.6

579

0 Measurement made through partial ice cover. & Measurement made through complete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 53

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5 .............

6 .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21............ .

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

245

268

261

511

805

630

510

vn

622

4ftQ

447

con

796

1,540

1,150

823

1,090

9,170

2,180

1,690

4,470

8,820

7,040

10, 700

12, 000

12; 300

6,500

Nov.

3,980

2,950

2,420

1 980

1,640

1,440

1,290

1,120

1,000

SAft

760

670

670

one

510

COf)

630

630

760

670

380

447

332

496

Dec.

760

1,040

670

590

590

475

392

309

221

240

oon

360

940

940

300

220

320

280

280

240

650

7cn

750

1,200

1,100

360

320

260

Jan.

220

200

190

200

200

260

240

240

280

190

940

260

990

220

260

99ft

240

220

9ftft

150

940

300

990

190

130

190

170

170

160

170

180

Feb.

150

190

170

160

240

190

170

170

180

QCf»

4 oi n

10, 400

3,450

1,680

1,140

1.300

4 oift

1,810

1,360

1 540

1*420

11,500

4,100

3,050

Mar.

5,320

5,320

4,100

2,100

2,260

5,850

3,660

1,960

10, 400

3,050

3, 050

26,000

14, 800

2,830

2,830

3,020

2,830

2,150

1,350

1,180

1,030

Qon

882

00 C

Apr.

790

882

882

980

930

745

665

665

790

980

790

7d5

882

2,480

5,530

4,060

2,830

5,010

2,650

1,930

1,590

1,860

1,590

1,470

1,300

1,030

882

74 c

fi«C

 May.

555

628

555

488

455

443

488

555

443

520

590

con

665

930

705

555

443

395

384

455

882

745

1,240

1,180

745

745

1,130

00 C

555

AA^

June.

520

425

401

346

329

351

384

431

384

346

74 c

835

530

407

329

292

247

232

228

419

1,030

628

455

362

308

247

257

242

July.

257

262

199

182

186

154

154

91

170

150

190

174

147

149

134

126

123

122

111

112

106

109

103

100

97

143

199

109

122

Aug.

140

126

115

225

451

293

209

190

186

178

OQl

OK?

204

182

278

228

190

166

154

140

143

129

122

115

110

104

98

103

115

Sept.

109

1 0*3

1S2

136

182

214

335

282

91 4

209

166

000

218

329

1,130

2,100

1,080

808

650

628

605

808

781

628

507

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 11 to July 13 and Aug. 31 to Sept. 20 determined from chain-gage heights. 

 Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 12 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, 

study oi gage-height graph and comparison with records for stations at Scio and Jones Bridge. Discharge 

Feb. 20 estimated by comparison with station at Jones Bridge.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feel.

Maximum.

12,300 

3.980 

1,200 

300 

15, 400 

26,000 

5,530 

1,240 

1.030 

262 

451 

2,100

26, 000

Minimum.

245 

332 

220 

130 

140 

835 

628 

384 

228 

91 

98 

103

91

Mean.

3,320 

1,020 

482 

215 

2,840 

4,140 

1,570 

650 

412 

146 

176 

520

1,280

Per

square 

mile.

3.22 

.990 

.468 

.209 

2.76 

4.02 

1.52 

.631 

.400 

.142 

.171 

.505

1.24

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.71 

1.10

.54 

.24 

2.87 

4.64 

1.70 

.73 

.45 

.16 

.20 

.56

16.90
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET IV.

GENESEE RIVER AT JONES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, 1J miles below Canaseraga 

Creek, If miles above mouth of Beads Creek, 5 miles below Mount Morris, Livingston County, and 6 miles by river above Geneseo.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,410 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22, 1903, to April 30, 1906; August 12, 1908, to December 

31, 1913; July 12, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1915, on the 

right bank about 60 feet downstream from the bridge. Prior to 1915, a chain gage 

fastened to upstream side of highway bridge was used. Datum of water-stage 

recorder is 2.73 feet higher .than that for the former chain gage (540.00 feet Conservation Commission datum). Water-stage recorder inspected by Theron S. 

Trewer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge erected on the lower chord of 

the truss at the upstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sandy clay; likely to shift, but as shown by current-meter 

measurements, fairly permanent in recent years.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year estimated from record 25.5 

feet at 3.30 a. m. February 21 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice; discharge 

not determined); minimum stage, 0.45 foot at 1 a. m. July 25 (discharge 63 secondfeet).

1903-1918 (not including periods of no record; see "Records available"): 

Maximum stage recorded 25.44 feet at noon May 17,1916 (discharge, 54,500 secondfeet) ; minimum stage recorded, 2.7 feet at 6 p. m. August 29,1909 (discharge about 

18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. During extreme low water there is some diurnal fluctuation in flow 

caused by mills at Mount Morris.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during the year except 

as affected by ice December 8 to March 22. Rating curve well-defined between 150 

and 7,000 second-feet and fairly well defined between 7,000 and 60,000 second-feet. 

Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying to the rating table mean daily gage height 

determined by inspecting the recorder graph, or for days of considerable fluctuation by use of discharge integrator.' Records good.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 1

1

2

Feb. 116

136

146

156

166

Made by 

E. D. Burchard ........

J.W.Moulton... ......

.....do.................

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do. ....._. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

11.12

10.12

7.40

2.98

2.59

2.96

12.4

21.42

21.60

21.9

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,040

5,320

3,900

530

318

313

3,700

6,860

8,450

7,920

Date.

Feb. 266

276

Mar. 26

46

15

18

19

May 23

July 12

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

22.0

21.5

19.21

15.0

24.2

8.90

7.08

3.21

1.36

.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

11,700

8,400

6,970

4,120

c 28, 300

4,890

3,770

1,190

292

159

o Measurement made through complete ice cover.

6 Ice jam on control.

c Includes overflow of 6,300 second-feet on left bank
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE' ONTARIO. 55

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris-, 

N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

305

353

365

502

1,080

1,030

740

640

690

740

615

560

857

1,060

840

1,540

1,320

920

1,120

10,500

5,080

2,680

1,960

4,740

13,700

10,800

13,200

16,500

15,100

17,300

14,100

Nov.

7,050

4,200

3,240

2,750

2,280

2,020

1,840

1,660

1,480

1,300

1,220

1,140

1,080

975

948

920

920

865

840

815

790

815

920

920

740

665

615

615

690

715

Dec.

892

1,330

1,030

865

815

690

590

650

600

600

600

600

600

600

550

550

550

550

500

500

650

900

1,000

1,100

1,500

2.000

1,500

1,000

750

550

Jan.

440

440

420

420

380

360

320

320

300

300

300

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

400

420

380

340

340

340

300

300

320

320

320

Feb.

280

280

280

280

260

240

260

260

300

320

440

1,600

5,800

7,500

8,000

7,500

5,500

3,800

3,200

8,500

9,000

6,500

4,800

3,600

3,400

6,500

7,500

6,000

Mar.

5,000

7,000

6,000

4,200

3,600

4,800

5,500

3,000

4,570

8,310

10,700

9,700

12,500

21,600

22,200

12,100

7,980

4,500

3,500

3,800

3,700

3,600

3,170

2,380

2,000

1,700

1,600

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,300

Apr.

1,200

1,200

1,300

1,360

1,420

1,140

1,000

1,030

1,140

1,420

1,170

1,170

1,220

2,790

6,790

4,970

3,760

5,740

4,270

2,820

2,280

2,410

2.410

2,020

1,840

1,600

1,300

1,110

1,080

920

May.

892

892

865

815

790

765

740

1,000

840

865

1,140

1,030

1,000

1,280

1,200

948

815

740

665

690

1,220

1,250

1,250

1,720

1,140

1,440

1,840

1,480

1,030

948

948

June.

840

690

615

565

515

506

535

540

590

515

492

740

1,250

840

665

535

466

466

399

341

349

461

1,120

920

690

535

448

399

365

323

July.

365

357

327

278

305

-238

155

273

258

275

269

255

235

190

236

223

216

188

167

164

135

136

133

130

216

145

131

153

181

163

164

Aug.

165

162

155

126

162

413

425

295

285

298

229

281

353

281

248

241

316

245

248

238

213

181

168

133

140

iio

Sept.

140

204

213

226

210

238

258

319

302

278

271

258

229

' 264

369

369

425

1,470

892

867

2,570

1,420

1,030

865

765

715

892

1,000

790

640

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 8 to Mar. 22 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage height graph and comparison with records for St. Helena and Rochester. Discharge 

Aug. 26-30 estimated 140 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,for year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

October. . .....................................

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,300 

7,050 

2,000 

440 

9,000 

22,200 

6,790 

1,840 

1,250 

365 

425 

2,570

22, 200

Minimum.

305 

615 

500 

300 

240 

1,300 

920 

665 

323 

130 

126 

140

126

Mean.

4,550 

1,500 

810 

344 

3,640 

5,940 

2,130 

1,040 

590 

215 

221 

616

1,790

Per 

square 

mile.

3.23 

1.06 

.575 

.244 

2.58 

4.21 

1.51 

.738 

.418 

.152 

.157 

.437

1.27

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.72 

1.18 

.66 

.28 

2.69 

4.85 

1.69 

.85 

.47 

.18 

.18 

.49

17.74
56 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

GENESEE RIVER AT ROCHESTER, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Elmwood Avenue Bridge, at north end of South Park, 3| miles below 

mouth of Black Creek, 3J miles above center of city of Rochester, Monroe County, 

and 7J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,360 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1904, to September 30, 1918. Fragmentary 

records prior to this period published in Water-Supply Papers 24, 65, and 97.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder installed in December, 1910, in the pump house 

immediately below the bridge on the right bank. Recorder inspected by Geo. 

A. Bailey. Prior to December, 1910, a staff gage bolted to the downstream end 

of the first pier from the right abutment. Elevation of zero of gage 506.848 feet, 

barge canal datum, and 245.591 feet, Rochester city datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge. Prior to 

1904, measurements and elevation of water surface taken in conjunction with the 

city of Rochester.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Smooth gravel; practically permanent until May, 1918, 

when dredging operations for the barge canal were begun near the control. These 

operations were continued through the summer, causing a gradual change in the 

stage-discharge relation.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

10.97 feet at 9.15 p. m., March 16 (discharge, 27,900 second-feet); minimum discharge about 110 second-feet during afternoons of July 21 and 22.

1904-1918: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 12.3 feet at midnight 

March 30, 1916 (discharge, 48,300 second-feet); minimum discharge, July 21 and 

22, 1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during a large part of the period from 

December to March, inclusive.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent until May 1 except as affected by ice December 10 to February 13; May 1 to September 30, a gradual change 

in stage-discharge relation was caused by dredging operations. Rating curve well 

defined between 2,000 and 44,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory throughout the year. Mean daily gage height ascertained by averaging hourly gage heights. Daily discharge prior to May ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table; May to September, by the shiftingcontrol method. Records good except those for periods when the stage discharge 

relation was affected by ice or dredging on the control, which are fair.

COOPERATION. Water-stage recorder inspected by an employee of the Rochester 

Railway & Light Co.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.'

Nov. 3

Dec. 19a

Jan. 166 

Feb. 116

13» 

Mar. 22

May 22

June 20

Made by 

J. W. Moulton..........

E.D. Burchard........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

4.05

1.99

2.18 

1.63

8.36 

4.59

2.36

1.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,970

865

517 

400

7,720 

6.440

1.680

742

Date

July 12

20

27 

31

Aug. 19 

26

Sept. 24

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.14

1.20

.76 

.60

.49

dO

1.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

764

675

664 

666

597 

512

1,580

a Measurement made through partial ice_ cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

2..............

4 .............

5..............

6 .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

531

510

553

619

776

1,380

1,340

1,070

956

920

980

896

812

1,110

1,370

1,250

1,920

1,620

1,240

3,680

8,870

4,600

2,760

2,500

14,900

13,300

14,300

15,300

16,000

17,000

Nov.

14,900

8,330

5,130

3,880

3,300

2,850

2,590

2,340

2,180

2,000

1,890

1,760

1,680

1,680

1,510

1,450

1,440

1,400

1,340

1,330

1,270

1,300

1,410

1,550

1,450

1,200

1,040

1,060

1,190

Dec.

1,480

1,980

2,010

1,620

1,480

1,280

1,150

1,320

1,340

1,300

1,100

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

950

900

850

800

900

1,200

1,800

2,200

3,000

3,200

2,200

1,200

950

Jan.

850

750

750

700

700

600

550

600

650

650

650

600

600

600

550

550

550

550

500

500

500

500

500

480

480

460

440

420

420

420

420

Feb.

360

360

400

340

420

420

420

400

440

440

420

1,200

7,500

11,200

13,600

14,000

12, 100

8,060

5,020

8,870

12,400

13,600

11,200

6,290

4,600

7,800

11,200

11,800

Mar.

8,060

7,540

9,430

8,330

5,930

6,050

8,330

7,800

5,700

5,130

8,870

8,060

15,600

19,200

23,000

27,200

25, 100

14,900

7,800

6,530

6,290

6,050

5,130

4,080

3 4Qfl

3,120

2,850

2,680

2,420

2,340

Apr.

2,340

2,500

2,500

2,340

2,340

2,040

1,860

1,840

1,900

2,040

2,000

1,980

2,060

3,490

6,900

5,930

5,240

7,930

7,030

4,700

3,680

3,400

3,490

3,120

2,500

2,180

1,960

1,650

May.

1,500

1,500

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,100

1,100

1,300

1,100

1,200

1,500

1,500

1,200

850

1,200

1,700

1,200

1,000

800

1,000

1,400

1,800

1,700

1,700

1,100

1,500

2,200

1,600

1,500

1,400

June.

900

1,100

950

850

850

900

950

950

850

850

900

850

1,100

1,400

1,400

1,100

950

950

900

800

800

950

800

1,400

1,400

1,200

900

800

900

800

July.

750

850

850

850

850

900

800

700

750

800

800

750

800

700

750

800

700

700

650

550

550

300

480

750

800

800

650

650

950

600

650

Aug.

460

480

480

480

480

500

900

1,100

1,000

650

500

500

500

500

750

700

650

650

600

600

550

550

500

500

500

500

550

550

550

550

550

Sept.

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

700

1,600

1,300

1,600

2,800

2,200

1,800

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,500

1,800

1,500

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to February 13 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

weather records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records for station upstream.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,000 

14,900 

3,200 

850 

14,000 

27,200 

7,930 

2,200 

1,400 

950 

1,100 

2,800

27,200

Minimum.

510 

1,040 

800 

420 

340 

2,340 

1,650 

850 

800 

300 

460 

550

300

Mean.

4,630 

2,510 

1,440 

560 

5,890 

8,700 

3,190 

1,350 

982 

725 

591 

1,010

2,610

Per 

square 

mile.

1.96 

1.06 

.610 

.239 

2.50 

3.69 

1.35 

.572 

.416 

.307 

.250 

.428

1.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.26 

1.18 

.70 

.28 

2.60 

4.25 

1.51 

.66 

.46 

.35 

.29 

.48

15.02
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

CANASERAGA CREEK AT CUMMINSVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At bridge on State road in Cumminsville, Livingston County, about a

mile downstream from station formerly maintained near Dansville, 1J miles below

mouth of Mill Brook and 21 miles above mouth of creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 171 square miles (measured by State conservation commission). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 23, 1917, to September 30, 1918; July 21, 1910, to

December 31, 1912, and July 10, 1915, to December 29, 1917, at station near

Dansville. 

GAGE. Vertical staff gage in three sections on downstream face of bridge pier; read

to tenths daily by George Freed.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Fairly well compacted gravel and small boulders may shift

during severe floods, otherwise practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.2 feet at 3.30 p. m.

February 12 (stage discharge relation affected by ice); minimum stage recorded

during year, 0.7 foot several times in August and September. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Data inadequate for determination of daily discharge.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Cumminsville, N. Y., during year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 20

20

23

25

25

Dec. 20a

Jan. 17o

Feb. 126

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 Aft

1.98

1.38

2.92

1.66

4.60

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

470

135

1,020

49

782

Date.

Feb. 15

Mar. 18

21

31

July 15

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

J. W. Moulton.........

.....do..................

&,

Feet. 

3.00

1.63

1.70

1.45

1.21

.89

.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,130

289

326

183

88

38.2

24.7

a Measurement made through complete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through partial ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 59

Daily gage height', in feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Cumminsville, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14 ............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

21..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29.......... .. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.66

2.95 

2.94

2.35

Nov.

1.78

1.71

1.57

1.51

1.52

1.51

1.48

1.37

1.37

1.34

1.33

1.32

1.30

1.29

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.27

1.23

1.21

1.27

1.25

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.18 

1.18

Dec.

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.20

1.19

1.18

1.18

1.17

1.31

1.34

1.40

1.50

1.70

1.71

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.71

1 50

1.30

1.33

1.45

1.50

1.69

1.68

1.82 

2.00

2.00

Jan.

1.95

1.95

2.10

1.95

1.90

1.90

1 Sfl

1 60

1.60

1.67

1.60

1.85

1 80

1.60

1.60

1.60

1 Vi

1.45

1.50

1.48

1.50 i ^ft

1.50

1.60

1.55

1.50

1 43

1.40 

1.45

1.50

Feb.

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.54

1.50

1.50

2.56

2.85

2.20

q AC

2.00

1.70

1.70

2.90

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.75

2.95

2.35

1.80

Mar.

2.10

2.05

2.00

1.85

1.90

2.30

1.95

2.05

1.90

2.90

1.95

2.55

2.55

1 90

1.60

1 60

1 64

1.67

1.83

1.67

1.55

1.41

1.32

1.31

1.30

1.36 

1.36

1.38

Apr.

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.36

1.30

1.30

1.34

1.39

1.39

1.32

1.28

1.29

1.35

1.80

2.05

1.90

1.70

1.95

1.72

1.55

1.69

1.50

1.43

1.38

1.38

1.30

1.26

1.20

1.20 

1.16

May.

1.12

1.11

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.08

1.30

1.20

1.28

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.23

1.20

1.14

1.14

1.13

1.24

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.34

1.30

1.30

1.27

1.30 

1.34

1.30

June.

1.28

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.40

1.25

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

.90

.90

.90

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.95

.90

.90

.90 

.90

July.

0.90

.90

.85

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.85

1.00

1.00

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.85

.90

.90

.90

.80

.80

.80

.80

1.00

.95

.90

.90

.90 

1.00

.90

Aug.

0.90

.90

.90

.80

.85

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

1.00

.95

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70 

.70

.80

Sept.

0.70

.70

.70

.70

.75

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.80

.90

.80

.80

.90

1.00

.90

.80

1.40

1.10

.95

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90 

.90

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice during large part of period from December to February. 

CANASERAGA CREEK AT GROVELAND STATION, N. ?.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Groveland Station", Livingston County. The 

creek is flowing through the improved channel at this point.

DRAINAGE AREA. 195 square miles measured by engineers of the New York State 

Conservation Commission.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 5, 1915, to September 30, 1916, and March I, 1917, 

to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain, near center of downstream side of bridge. Prior to March 30, 1916, 

inclined staff gage on right bank about 400 feet above the bridge, at practically the same datum (560.00 feet conservation commission datum); read by 

Thomas Maimone.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; likely to shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.01 feet at 7 

a. m. February 13 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice, discharge not determined); minimum stage recorded, 6.3 feet at 6 p. m. August 20 and 30 (discharge 

about 22 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded 16.5 feet from 2 to 3 p. m. 

July 29, 1917 (discharge, 4,170 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 6.3 feet at 

6 p. m. August 20 and 30, 1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; gage observations suspended during 

winter.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice December to 

March and by shifting control during the rest of the year. Rating curve well 

defined between 35 and 3,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, 

for the period previous to winter, and for the remainder of the year by the shifting-control method. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

25

31

31

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.59

12.50

10.42

10.30

9.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1/190

678

637

418

Date.

21

May 24

July 15

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.91

9.30

7.61

7.30

6.64

6.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

 314

394

118

88

36

29

 ' Slush ice in the current and flats below flooded, causing backwater.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19

20...................

21...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

27...................

28...................

29........ ...........

30...................

31.........-...-..--.

Oct.

54

54

47

116

109

139

124

124

Ql <;

139

109

139

95

95

139

102

83

536

256

171

975

1,090

1,320

1,130

1,490

675

Nov.

474

365

328

292

274

204

196

F84

171

171

155

163

1 CK

147

155

139

19Q

139

19Q

IOQ

Dec.

179

155

124

124

109

179

Mar.

400

300

300

360

380

400

170

190

170

9ftfi

200

Apr.

200

200

190

180

130

120

120

200

140

200

140

180

650

420

300

550

OOA

99H

190

110

100

90

QA

May.

95

100

85

75

70

65

70

170

95

120

110

120

130

140

100

95

75

65

65

100

190

170

170

110

85

300

150

110

June.

85

70

55

60

60

60

55

50

55

60

120

90

65

60

55

44

44

44

48

Q<;

75

65

60

48

50

41

49

July.

42

40

38

38

36

36

36

36

48

70

4P

42

38

36

36

34

40

42

36

32

32

V)

32

40

65

42

36

34

34

36

Aug.

32

32

34

32

30

28

28

60

32

32

32

32

28

28

26

28

22

28

28

28

28

28

28

24

24

22

24

Sept.

24

26

26

28

36

36

36

80

150

65

40

40

36

38

40

38

36

36

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9 to Mar. 15 not determined because of ice. Discharge Sept. 7-17 estimated at 

36 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 61

Monthly discharge of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 195 square miles.]

Month.

April.. . .......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,610 

479 

650 

300 

200 

70 

60 

150

Minimum.

47 

124 

90 

65 

42 

32 

22 

24

Mean.

412 

196 

228 

122 

65.4 

39.6 

29.4 

41.8

Per 

square 

mile.

2.11 

1.00 

1.17 

.626 

.335 

.203 

.151 

.214

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

2.43 

1.12 

1.30 

.72 

.37 

.23 

.17 

.24

CANASERAGA CREEK AT SHAKERS CROSSING, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Shakers Crossing, about a mile above mouth and

1J iriles northeast of Mount Morris, Livingston County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 347 square miles (measured by engineers of the New York State

Conservation Commission). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Current-meter measurements 1904-1915; continuous record

of gage height and occasional current-meter measurements July 13, 1915, to Septtember 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on the left bank, just below the bridge.

Datum of gage same as that established on Genesee River at Jones Bridge near

Mount Morris July 12, 1916 (540 feet conservation commission datum). Recorder inspected by Mrs. Wm. Russell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Firm gravel; not likely to shift; subject to backwater from

Genesee River.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 27.9

feet at 4 a. m. February 21; minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 7.86 at

6 p. m. August 31. 

1915-1918: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 28.92 feet at 1 p. m.

May 17,1916; minimum stage from water-stage recorder 7.86 feet at 6 p. m. August

31, 1918.

Stage-discharge relation is affected by backwater from the Genesee River to such 

an extent that daily discharge has not been determined.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 1

1

Feb. 13a

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15 44

14.74

24.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,910

1,623

980

-1,640

Date.

Mar. 16

July 15

Made by 

....do......---------...

.....do..................

.....do....----.-.-.-....

Gage 

height.

Feet.

22.82

9 7Q

8.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,620

157

a Measurement shows flow upstream due to backwater flow from Genesee River caused by ice jam near 

Jones Bridge.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily gage height, infect, of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

2..... ---------

3. ........... -.

5... ...... ...--

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

11.............. 

12.............. 

19

18. .............

16..............

17..............

18.. .... ........

19

on

21..............

23-..-.........-

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.......-..--.-

ao.... ..........

30......-.---... 

31..............

Oct.

8.63

8.65

8.68 

8.96

9.31 

9.17

8.95

9.14

9.02

8.90 

8.93 

9.39

9.25

9.66

9.32

9.03

9.96

17.43

13.01

10.45

9.79

13.20 

20.48

18.38

19.96

22.26

21.12 

22.69 

20.01

Nov.

14.90

12.32

11.26

10.29 

10.11

10.01

9.74

9.56

9.42 

9.52

9.42

9 CO

9 70

9.54

9

CC

9

e«

9 CQ

9.50 

9.42

9 46

9 4Q

9.65 

9.72

Dec.

9.98

9.88

9.52

9.41 

9.42

9

QO

9.48

8.88

9.72 

9.78

9 OK

9.89

9 CO

9.68

9.68

9.62

Q fa

10.45

Q on

10.17 

10.94

10.87

10.10

9.80

9.50 

9.32 

9.48

Jan.

9.48

9.46

9.52

9.42 

9.31

9 4.1

9.40

9.35

9.48

9.74 

9.52 

9.51

9.52

9

CK

9

CR

9.70

9.82

9.60

9.53

9.58

9

CK

9.50

9.47 

9.49

9

K1

9.50

9.58 

9.58

Feb.

9.29

9 OK

9.39

9.50

9.83

10.81 

15.94 

20.97

24.19

24.53

24.03

20.97

17.65

15.81

26.88

21.94

17.59 

16.75

23.40

23.90

21.54

Mar.

20.15

22.61

21.15 

17.98

16.48 

18.95

18.16

14.30

11.64

16.28

18.39 

18.36 

19.90

24.02

26.68

22.14

16.76

13.47

11.96

12.20

12.19

12.02

11.45

10.08

9.86

9.82

9.84 

9.74 

9.72

Apr.

9.71

9.77

9.75 

9.96

9.53 

9.40

9.32

9.67

9.51

"9."70"

11.94

15.01

11.78

14.04

12.35

10. 89-

10.38

10.70

10.50

10.14 

9.92

9.68

9.49

9.32

9.20 

9.28

May.

9.i6

9.33

9.26 

9.24

9.20 

9.18

9.13

9.77

9.42

9.63

10.10 

9.68 

9.68

9.82

9.53

9.33

9.22

9.08

9.02

9.17

9.90

9.47

9.70

9.57 

9.20

10.53

10.79

9.78

9.38 

9.50 

9.3J

June.

8.94

8.85 

8.75

8.75 

8.75

8 79

8.74

8.65

8.69

8.70 

9.49 

9.38

9.01

8.90

8.76

8.79

8.74

8.70

8.63

8.62

9.09

8.97 

8.80

8.72

8.64

8.64

8.63 

8.64

July.

8.63

8.61

8.54 

8 40

8.52 

8.41

8.46

8.37

8.59

8.61 

8.54 

8.50

8.49

8.37

8.32

8.27

8.21

8.16

8.16

8.05

8.07

8.05 

8.53

8.22

8.10

8.14

8.20 

8.17 

8.20

Aug.

8.22

8.18

8.16

8

r\n

8.20 

8.32

8.26

8,20

8.36

8.36

8.39 

8.41 

8.50

8.46

8.41

8.40

8.44

8.42

8,41

8.30

8.20

8.15

8.14

-8.16 

8.20

8.22

8.15

8.09

8-07 

8.15 

8.09

Sept.

8 90

8.29

8.23

8 9fi

8.18 

8.35

8.36

8.49

8.48

8.45

8.45 

8.37 

8.25

8.49

8.51

8.95

9.02

8.56

8.96

9.95

8

0A

8.75

8.91

8.71

8.70

8.74

8.78

8.70 

8.68

NOTE. Gage heights Oct. 20 and 21 estimated by comparison with records on Genesee River at Jones 

Bridge. Gage heights Nov. 10 to Dec. 18, and Dec. 29 to Jan. 16 from observations on staff gage.

KESHEQTTA CREEK AT CRAIG COLONY, SONYEA, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 200 feet downstream from private highway bridge OB grounds of

Craig Colony at Sonyea, Livingston County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 69 square miles (measured by engineers of the State conservation

commission). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 31, 1917, to September 30, 1918, at present site; July

22, 1910, to December 31, 1912, at a site about 200 feet upstream, and from August

29, 1915, to October 31, 1917, at a station about 1 mile downstream near the

Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad bridge. 

GAGE. Vertical staff gage in three sections on retaining wall on left bank just above

the concrete weir; read by A. J. Porter. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the private highway

bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEJ, AND CONTROL. Double-crested concrete weir built by. Craig Colony for

maintaining water level for their pumping plant; permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of record at

present station, 5.9 feet at 6.30 a. m. March 14 (discharge, about 3,700 second-feet);

minimum stage recorded, 0.13 foot at 8 a. in. August 20 (discharge 0.7 second-foot). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except when slightly affected by ice

from December 10 to February 12 and by use of flashboards on downstream crest

of dam, August 17-22. Rating curve well defined below 450 second-feet. Gage

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge, except for periods of backwater,

determined by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 63

Discharge measurements of Keshequa Creek at Craig Colony, Sonyea, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 26

31

Nov. 3

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

. ...do. ................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.33

.87

.66

3 1 *.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

151

68

22

1 4Sft

Date.

Feb. 15

Mar. 16

Antr 91

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.70

1.30

.64

CO

.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

210

156

21

1.3

"Measurement made through partial ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Keshequa Creek at Craig Colony, Sonyea, N. 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Y.,for

Day.

1...... '...............

2.....................

3.....................

4.....................

5.....................

6.....................

7. ....................

8.....................

9. .................... 10.....................

11 .....................

13.....................

15.....................

16. ......... ...........

17. ....................

18.....................

1O

20.....................

21 .....................

22.....................

2S. ....................

24 .....................

OK

26.....................

27 ....................

28.....................

"Kl.. ...................

3n

q-i

Nov.

105

83

66

56

CA

47

44

36

00

Ql

28

26

OQ

28

25

17

22

28

28

22

91

24

22

32

30

51

Dec.

38

36

34

33

00

15

26

40

60

48

26

17

14

18

22

20

110

90QO

46

110

26

26

24

14

10

Jan.

8

8

7

6

6

6

6

8

12

36

36

17

10

9

9

9

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

6

Feb.

6

6

5

5

6

6

10

OQ

1QH

900

455

154

CQC

61

SO

35

04 c

KAK

35

2933

68

425

66

68

Mar.

cfi

197

7s

368

368

77

61

75

QC

94 S

75

72

79

105

119

75

51

47

35

38

40

37

40

Apr.

37

40

380-1

26

26

40

9ft

26

39

34

OOfi

1Oft

110

72

102

68

60

72

61

Kf\

41

36

31

26

26

May.

26

25

93

20

18

17

7Q

qo

90

81

48

65

70

38

29

23

19

18

AK

23

23

91

207

118

44

29

48

June.

17

1 9

17

13

45

20

8.8

9.8

7.5

7.0

7.9

28

12

7.9

7.5

7.0

8.8

5.6

4.1

July.

7.0

7.5

Q 3

5.6

4.8

5.6

3.8

3.8

6.3

7.5

4.8

3.4

4.1

3 4

4.5

4.1

4.8

3.0

2.4

2.2

2.6

2.6

3.0

15

5.9

3.4

1.8

9.3

9.8

9.8

Aug.

5.6

3.8

a. 2

2.6

4.1

6.3

C 9

2.3

15

7.5

6.3

2.4

7.0

3.0

2.0

2.2

1.6

3.0

2.0

.8

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.0

.9

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.0

2.4

Sept.

1.8

2.6

3.0

2.2

3 n

6.3

3.0

2.2

3.0

9 *.

2.0

1.4

3.0

4.8

3.8

3.4

14

9.3

13

21

15

5.2

6.3

4.8

7.5

7.0

8.8

7.0

6.3

5.6

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 12 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records for near-by streams.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Keshequa Creek at Crnig Colony, Sonyea, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 69 square miles.] .

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

105 

110 

36 

900 

1,590 

245 

207 

45 

15 

15 

21

Minimum.

17 

10 

6 

5 

35 

26 

17 

4.1 

1.8 

.8 

1.4

Mean.

36.6 

38.3 

10.7 

146 

191 

65.8 

45.6 

13.4 

5.32 

3.23 

5.96

Per 

square 

mile.

0.534 

.555 

.155 

2.12 

2.77 

.954 

.661 

.194 

.077 

.047 

.086

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60 

.64 

.16 

2.21 

3.19 

1.06 

.76 

.22 

.09 

.05 

.10

OWASCO LAKE OUTLET NEAR AUBURN, N. Y.

LOCATION. On farm of Charles H. Pearce, 2 miles below center of Auburn, Cayuga 

County, and 3f miles below State dam at outlet of Owasco Lake.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 206 square miles (measured on topographic maps)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder in a concrete shelter on the left bank on the farm 

of Charles H. Pearce. Recorder inspected by Charles H. Pearce.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading directly opposite the gage in low water 

and from a cable at the same section in high water.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A low concrete control has been constructed about 15 feet 

below the gage. Crest of control is 1 foot wide and the slopes of both upstream and 

downstream faces are J:l. A small horizontal apron built on a level with the 

bed of the stream extends downstream 2J feet from toe of dam. Mean elevation of the left end of the dam for a distance of 50 feet is at a gage height 1.28 

feet; the remaining 50 feet of the crest of the dam is at a gage height 2.13 feet

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

3.5 feet at 3 a. m. March 17 (discharge 1,100 second-feet); minimum stage during 

year, from water-stage recorder, 1.48 feet at 10 and 11 p. m. October 7 (discharge 

12 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage, 6.4 feet during period March 25-30, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, 2,750 second-feet); minimum 

stage from water-stage recorder, 1.41 feet at 1 a. m. October 15, 1915 (discharge, 

5.6 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seldom affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. An average flow of about 10 second-feet is pumped from Owasco Lake 

for the municipal water supply of Auburn. Proportion returning to stream above 

the gaging station is not known.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in flow during low-water periods due to 

operation of mills in Auburn; seasonal flow regulated at the State dam

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except when affected by ice December 30 to January 10. Rating curve well defined between 1 and 1,700 second-feet. 

Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year, except as indicated in footnote to daily discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by 

averaging the hourly discharge. Records good.

The following discharge measurement was made by E. D. Burchard July 11,1918: 

Gage height, 2.43 feet; discharge, 254 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 65

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

v>..............

11........ .

12...........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

181

184

176

188

158

48

155

209

212

212

273 9-10

205

219

911

211

Oil

244

206

64

OQO

OCQ

376

428

457

468

452

492

637

545

Nov.

CO A

509

522

525

WY7

499

474

468

0455

o 115

o435

0420

a 412

a 404

a 395

QQQ

qqn

qoo

QOA

31 S

OfVJ

OflQ

298

296

285

289

287

278

Dec.

271

267

261

274

263

267

261

254

9AH

251

263

OCA

249

244

«225

0220

214

205

205

194

202

202

1QO

202

202

149

202

0202

o200

Jan.

145

172

194

203

1 V\

163

156

161

158

195

193

176

171

178

1W

181

175

152

140

146

131

Feb.

o!75

o!70

125

1 KA

167

174

139

139

130

114

160

157

1 f\R

IRQ

160

162

1 C1

184

199

175

1SQ

170

173

214

262

351

Mar.

AOA

420

363 0-17

340

352

427

606

526

558

fQZ

Q37

QOO

921

Q01

946

921

876

784

748

71 c

RCQ

591

o578

a 580

o570

o560

0550

o530

504

Apr.

484

471

458

499

434

361

937

OOQ

202

301

335

Q5Jfi

429

524

RQQ

cfin

596

643

640

612

622

000

626

522

495

516

May.

439

394

OOQ

qqo

284

298

284

269

214

265

265

276

onq

203

OAT

205

196

174

1QA

348

OQC

OQA

373

OQO

402

407

402

414

June.

393

401

402

qao

337

332

9Sfi

205

190

181

192

171

161

160

184

147

171

175

242

Of C

OCQ

93*

226

July.

IOQ

166

160

168

171

161

171

1Q1

184

ol85

o!90

o!90

o!90

o!90

ol95

o!95

Aug.

205

195

166

205

204

209

196

ol90-

ol85

a!80

alSO

176

194

1QK

17^

177

17K

 too

179

174

o!75

173

167

162

172

Sept.

14Q

157

156

159

147

141

132

149

150

145

155

177

183

96

137

1 01

167

159

188

169

77

124

80

134

126

116

92

138

a Estimated; no gage height record.

NOTE. Discharge, Jan. 1-10, estimated 198 second-feet; June 26-30,216 second-feet; July 1-10, 206 second 

feet.

Monthly discharge of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1918.

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.l

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July ...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

545 

634 

274 

203 

351 

946 

643 

439 

414

209

188

946

Minimum.

48 

264 

149 

124 

114 

317 

202 

174 

147 

160 

162 

77

48

Mean.

268 

390 

229 

174 

178 

626 

476 

306 

247 

187 

182 

142

284

Per

square 

mile.

1.30 

1.89 

1.11 

.845 

.864 

3.04 

2.31 

1.49 

1.20 

.908 

.883 

.689

1.38

Run-ofl 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

2.11 

1.28 

.97 

.90 

3.51 

2.58 

1.72 

1.34 

1.05 

1.02 

.77

18.75

125832° 20 WSP 474
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

WEST BRANCH OF ONONDAGA CREEK AT SOUTH ONONDAGA, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in South Onondaga, Onondaga County, about If miles 

above mouth of creek and 10 miles above Syracuse.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20.8 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1916, to June 30, 1918, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Staff on downstream side of right abutment of bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Fine and coarse gravel; probably shifting.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded, 3.34 feet at 7.20 a. m., February 20; 

minimum stage recorded, 1 foot at 7.15 a. m. October 30.

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 3.34 feet at 7.20 a. m. February 20, 1918;' 

minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot at 6.45 p. m. September 24 and 6.35 a. m. September 25, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by E. D. Burchard.

April 5, 1918: Gage height, 1.76 feet; discharge, 19 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ......... .........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

10.................................... 

11....................................

12...........:........................ 

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17.......... ......................... .

18....................................

10

20....................................

21.................................... 

22....................................

23.................................... 

24....................................

25.................................... 

26.. ......A.......... ................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

1.18

1.70

1.40

1.48

1.41

1.38

1.14

1 KQ

1 9Q

1.15 

1.11

1.16 

1.20

1.13

1.24

1.15

1.09

1.60 

1.68

1.82

1.31 

1.24

1.25

2.17

. 1.77

1.51

1.65

1.59

1.96

1.79

Nov.

1.62

1.52

1 4H

1.39

1.37

1.33

1.36

1.28

1.28

1.27 

1.27

1.27 

1.24

1.18

1.19

1.25

1.26

1.21 

1.27

1.30

1.26 

1.39

1.38 

1.30

1.20 

1.24

1.20

1 93

1.24-

1.32

Dec.

1.60

1.47

1.38

1.35

1.34

1.27

1.36

1.16

1.22

........

........

Feb.

2.34 

2.49

2.26

3.47

2.72

""2." 04 ~

3.15

2.17 

2.41

2.06 

1.76

2.01 

3.14

2.35

2.05

Mar.

1.84

1.86

1.88

1.79

2.11

2.63

2.06

1.95

1.83

2.53 

2.11

2.24 

2.43

3.03

2.75

2.46

2.49

2.21 

2.19

2.21

2.22 

2.17

2.27 

1.97

1.97 

1.94

1.92

1.85

1.89

1.88

1.88

Apr.

1.88

1.89

1.86

1.80

1.79

1.75

1.74

1.81

2.45

1.93 

1.96

1.95 

2.39

2.15

1.93

1.85

1.84

2.34 

2.04

1.89

1.92 

2.60

1.96

1.83 

1.78

1.73

1.69

1.64

May.

1.73

1.67

1.61

1.65

 1.59

1.58

1.55

1.52

1.59 

1.60

1.57 

1.79

1.78

1.58

1.51

1.47

1.43 

1.40

1.57

1.78 

1.54

1.61

1 4H

1.45 

1 *U

1 en

1 4H

1.46

1.44

1.39

June.

1.37

1.33

i 3ft

i 31

i 31

1.38

1.69

1.41

1.34

1.44 

1.34

1.86 

1.65

1.51

1.44

1.35

1.33

1.32 

1.29

1.28

1.28

1

K1

1.67

1 4^

1.37

1 Q2

1 9R

1 9Q

1 49

1.80

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 1 mile above mouth of Sugar River, 2 milea northeast 

of Boonville, Oneida County, and 2 miles by river downstream from Hawkinsville. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 303 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 16,1911, to June 30,1918.
STKEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 67

GAGE. Chain, near center of left span, downstream side of bridge. Staff gage, 

graduated from 6 to 13 feet, on downstream side of right abutment, used for high 

water readings. Gage read by W. D. Oharbonneau.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about half a mile above gage or by 

wading near cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rough; full of boulders; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.6 feet at 5 p. m. 

October 31 (discharge, 4,960 second-feet); minimum, stage recorded, 2.40 feet at 

5 p. m. August 26 (discharge about 5 second-feet).

1911-1918: Maximum stage about 12.5 feet during night of March 28, 1913 

(determined by leveling from flood mark), discharge about 10,000 second-feet. 

Minimum stage recorded, that of August 26, 1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION AND DIVERSION. The State dam at Forestport, about 8 miles upstream, 

provides a reservoir with a capacity of about 2 billion cubic feet. During the 

navigation season water is diverted westward from, this reservoir through the 

Forestport feeder to a storage basin in Boonville. The Black River canal flows 

north from this basin, entering Black River at the foot of Lyons Falls. A spillway from the basin overflows into Mill Creek, a tributary of Black River. Water 

flowing through this spillway and through Black River canal returns to the river 

below the gaging station, thus passing around it. The Black River canal also 

flows south from Boonville, passing out of the Black River drainage basin and 

entering the summit level of the Erie Canal (or Barge Canal) at Rome.

Occasional discharge measurements have been made at three points to indicate 

the distribution of the diverted water. The water entering Boonville through 

the Forestport feeder has been measured at the highway bridge about a mile 

northeast of Boonville. During October, 1915, two water-stage recorders were 

installed on this canal to obtain a continuous record of the flow. This is published 

as a separate station "Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y." The water 

flowing north from the basin through the Black River canal has been measured 

at the highway bridge just below the lock into this canal near the railroad station. 

The water flowing south from the basin has been measured at a private farm 

bridge about 1 mile southeast of Boonville. During September, 1915, two waterstage recorders were installed on this canal to obtain a continuous record of the 

flow. This is published as a separate station under the heading "Black River 

Canal, flowing south, near Boonville, N. Y."

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice December 10 to March 24. Rating curve well defined between 35 and 2,800 

second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,800 and 4,500 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table. Records good, except those for period of ice 

effect which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Dec 19o

Feb. 96

Mar. 14o

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.69

4.85

7.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

318

170

173

586

Date.

Apr. 13

Made by 

J. W. Moulton.........

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.85

6.70

3.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

574

1,400

92

a Measurement made through p'artial ice cover. & Measurement made through complete ice cover.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4. .............

6..--.........-

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.... ..........

17... ...........

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

99

24..............

OR

26.. ......... .--

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30....... .......

31

Oct.

90

78

127

250

305

490

735

680

605

580

580

558

795

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,060

855

795

795

795

795

735

795

795

795

855

920

1,940

3,750

4,820

Nov.

4,140

1,940

1,370

1.210

1,060

920

795

855

680

535

335

275

250

194

512

1,540

1,540

1,210

1,140

855

735

735

630

512

450

AW\

450

450

512

535

Dec.

680

630

558

450

335

227

227

238

250

260

280

300

300

320

320

320

320

OOft

320

320

300

280

280

260

Ofin

240

220

220 ooft

220

200

Jan.

220

220

220

220

200

190

190

190

180

170

220

440

280

300

*JAfl

280

240

200

110

200

180

200

200

180

1 zn

140

140

120

100

110

Feb.

120

110

120

120

100

90

130

160

180

200

240

300

460

550

460

440

550

650

1,100

1,200

1 Oftft

1 400

1*700

1 onn

Mar.

1,200

850

800

850

900

800

650

550

600

700

600

500

480

600

600

1,200

1 9nn

1,000

800

1,600

2 400

2,200

2 iftft

2 l\Kfl

2,160

2

0 on

2.270

2,160

2,380

Apr.

2,500

2,385

2,500

2,385

2,160

2.160

2,160

2,270

2,270

2,620

2,385

1,740

1,455

1,740

1,945

2,050

1,945

1,740

1,545

1,840

1,945

1,545

1,545

1,370

1 37ft

1,210

QQft

1,060

1,210

May.

1,290

1,210

1,135

1,210

1,210

1,060

920

855

795

735

795

795

1,060

1,545

1,370

1,210

855

920

795

680

735

855

795

680

680

680

795

855

680

227

June.

145

154

136

111

97

97

430

920

630

305

194

164

154

97

90

63

56

40

36

38

35

205

470

370

290

262

227

164

84

275

July.

194

250

216

205

154

63

66

154

558

855

795

535

174

145

535

430

262

205

154

127

104

111

63

66

49

30

40

44

49

30

36

Aug.

28

42

46

49

49

44

36

24

28

56

84

70

56

61

46

44

49

70

59

46

33

27

21

11

7

10

26

53

70

84

Sept.

119

90

66

72

90

70

174

227

194

184

227

275

305

410

535

450

410

680

795

990

1,140

855

795

795

735

795

795

70 K

68O

605

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Mar. 24 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 303 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

Afey.... .......... .............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,820 

4,140 

680 

440 

1,900 

2,400 

2,620 

1,540 

920 

855 

84 

1,140

4,820

Minimum.

78 

194 

200 

95 

90 

480 

990 

227 

35 

30 

7 

66

7

Mean.

961 

893 

312 

203 

590 

1,290 

1,860 

919 

211 

216 

44.8 

476

663

Per 

square 

mile.

3.17 

2.94 

1.03 

.670 

1.95 

4.26 

6.14 

3.03 

.696 

.713 

.148 

1.57

2.19

Run-off 

("depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.66 

3.28 

1.19

.77 

2.03 

4.91 

6.85 

3.47 

.78 

.82 

.17 

1.75

29.68

NOTE. Water diverted past this station by the Forestport feeder not included in the above table.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 69

BLACK RIVER AT BLACK RIVER, N. Y.

 %

LOCATION. About one-fourth mile below concrete-arch highway bridge and the power 

plant of Northern New York Utilities Co., and three-fourths mile below village 

of Black River, Jefferson County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,870 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 24,1917, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, spiked to large cedar tree on the left bank 

one-fourth mile below highway bridge; a low-water section fastened to rocks 10 

feet upstream; read by Erwin W. Hart.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 100 yards above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock. «

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 12.3 feet at 8.40 a. m. April 

4 (discharge, 16,300 second-feet); minimum discharge, 440 second-feet, January 20. 

1917-1918: Maximum stage recorded 13.4 feet from 6 p. m., April 4, to 7 a. m., 

April 5, 1917 (discharge, 19,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.05 feet 

at 2.45 p. m. Sunday, July 29, 1917, during a current-meter measurement (discharge about 16 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Seasonal distribution of flow is regulated by Beaver River flow, Fulton 

Chain Lakes, Forestport reservoir, and other storage reservoirs in the upper part 

of the drainage basin. Some diurnal fluctuation at low stages due to mills and 

power plants above the station.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted from Black River into the Forestport feeder at Forestport. A part of this water returns to the river through various spillways and 

through the Black River canal (flowing north); the rest passes out of the drainage basin through the Black River canal (flowing south), the record at the station 

on Black River canal (flowing south) at Boonville indicates the amount of this 

diversion. See also "Regulation and diversion" in description of station on 

Black River near Boonville.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice December 

7 to February 19. Rating curve well defined between 500 and 18,000 second-feet. 

Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table. Records good except for days of low discharge 

when they may be poor.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Black River, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Jan. i4o

Feb. 13o

Mar. 14

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

J. W. Moulton.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.78

5.28

6.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,340

1,370

3,760

Date.

Mar. 18

Made by 

J. W. Moulton. ........

 »,

Feet. 

6.20

11.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,930

14, 300

oMeasureinent made through partial ice cover.
70 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Black River, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3........--..-.

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.... ..........

10..............

11.. ........... -

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18....-.....-.-.

19.. ........ -.--

20......--------

91

9S

95

26..............

27..............

28.. ......... .--

29..-.......--.-

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,570

2,010

2,010

2,010

2,480

2,990

3,120

3,250

2,860

2,990

2,600

2,360

3,120

4,550

5,190

5,510

4,870

4 400

3,670

6,180

7,240

6, 520

5,840

4,710

5,840

6,180

6,180

5,840

5,840

6.880

9,170

Nov.

10, 400

12, 600

11,100

9,570

8,370

6,520

5,030

4,550

3,950 3'-670

3,530

3,390

3,120

2,600

2,360

2,730

2,600

2,860

3,120

2,990

3,250

3,250

3,390

2,600

2,360

2.360

1,900

2,010

2,010

Dec.

2,360

2,240

2,480

2,360

2,240

1,900

1,790

1,500

1,300

1,500

1,700

2,600

2,400

2,000

2,000

1,600

2,200

2,200

2,000

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,000

1,000

1,300

2, 200

1,800

1,800

2,000

1,600

2,200

Jan.

1,400

2,200

1,800

2 4ftfi

1.700

1,200

1,400

2 ftfiA

2,200

1,700

850

850

1,500

1,300

1,400

1,800

1,300

650

1 onn

1,700

1,700

1 400

1,700

750

480

850

1,500

Feb.

1,800

1,700

1,200

1 400

1,600

1,200

1,200

1,500

950

750

1,100

1,400

1,700

2,200

3,400

3,600

4,200

4,400

4,600

6,500

6,880

6,880

5,840

5,190

7,240

7 420

7,990

Mar.

7,420

7,240

6,700

6,010

5,510

4,870

4,550

4,100

3,670

3,530

3,120

2,990

3,250

3,950

4,100

3,950

3,670

3,810

4,550

6,010

8,180

9,570

10, 800

11, 100

11,100

10, 800

10, 600

9,570

8,770

8,770

9,990

3^pr.

12,600

13, 100

14, 600

16,000

13, 800

13,100

10,800

10, 400

10,800

11,100

11, 100

9,990

9,570

9,170

8.570

8,770

8,570

9,370

9,780

9,780

9,570

9,780

9,990

9,570

8,770

7,800

6.180

5,840

5,510

May.

5,840

6,520

7,060

6,880

5,840

4,870

6,180

6,180

7,240

7,240

7,610

7,610

7,610

8,370

7.610

6,700

5,840

4,870

3.810

4,870

5,030

5,030

4,400

3,670

4,550

4,870

4,710

4,250

4,250

June.

2,730

2,600

2,730

1,900

1 QAA

1,570

2,360

4,710

5,670

4,710

3,950

4,870

5,510

5,840

5,350

4,870

4,250

2,730

2,360

2,360

2,240

2,120

1,790

1,900

2,240

2,120

1,900

1,680

1,900

1,680

July.

1,470

3,390

3,250

2,120

1,900

2,120

1,680

2,240

2,120

1,680

1,900

2,360

3,120

3,670

2,990

2,480

2,600

2,480

1,900

1,790

1,680

1,370

1,370

1,470

1,270

810

1,100

1,270

1,020

Aug.

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,020

950

1.100

1,100

950

1,900

1,370

950

1,100

950

880

1.180

1,570

1,370

950

1,470

1,100

1,370

1,680

1,270

1,180

880

1,100

1,100

1, 370

950

Sept.

680

745

620

950

1270

950

810

712

1,020

1,100

950

1,100

1,100

1,790

810

650

560

1,470

3,120

3,390

4,250

4,710

4,400

4,870

3,670

2,730

2,480

3,120

3,530

3,390

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 7 to Feb. 19, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather records study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records for Black River near Boonville.

Monthly discharge, of Black River at Black River, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,870 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,170 

12,600 

2,600 

2,400 

7,990 

11,100 

16. 000 

8,370 

5,840 

3,670 

1,900 

4,870

16, 000

Minimum.

1,570 

1,900 

1,000 

440 

750 

2,990 

5,510 

3,670 

1,570 

810 

845 

560

440

Mean.

4,450 

4,370 

1,850 

, 1,410 

3,550 

6,520 

10, 300 

5,860 

3,080 

2,050 

1,160 

2,030

3,880

Per

square 

mile.

2.38 

2.34 

.989 

.754 

1.90 

3.49 

5.51 

3.13 

1.65 

1.10 

.620 

1.09

2.07

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.74 

2.61 

1-14 

.87 

1.98 

4.02 

6.15 

3.61 

1.84 

1.27 

.71 

1.22

28.16
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 71

FORESTPORT FEEDER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At lower end of feeder, above point at which it enters basin at Boonville.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Occasional current-meter measurements 1900 and 1905-1915; 

continuous record October 30, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Two .Gurley 'seven-day water-stage recorders, with natural scale for gage 

heights. Gage No. 1 is at the downstream end of the left abutment of the steel 

highway bridge in the village of Hawkinsville; gage No. 2 is on the left bank just 

below a farm bridge, about a mile above the basin at Boonville; the gages are 

about 2.53 miles apart. These gages and the two gages on Black River canal 

(flowing south) near Boonville are all set at the same datum. Recorder at gage 

No. 1 is inspected by Mrs. Anna Zwahlen and Charles Nugent; that at gage No. 2 

is inspected by Charles Nugent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge at gage No. 1 in Hawkinsville.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Daily discharge determined by Chezy formula. 

The coefficient, c, computed from each current-meter measurement, is plotted with 

reference to the date of measurement. A smooth curve drawn through the plotted 

points shows the variation of c through the season, and the coefficient for each 

day is taken off the curve. The other factors in the Chezy formula are obtained 

from gage-height records and the cross section of the canal.

DIVERSIONS. A spillway takes water from the feeder just below gage No. 2, discharging it into Mill Creek, which enters Black River below the gaging station at 

Boonville. Other spillways above Hawkinsville discharge into Black River 

above the gaging station. There are no spillways between gage No. 1 and gage 

No. 2. The sum of the flow at this station and that of Black River near Boonville 

indicates the total run-off of Black River above the station near Boonville. The 

way in which water is diverted from Black River is briefly described under 

"Black River near Boonville" (pp. 66-67).

ICE. There is usually no water in the canal during the winter, but water was observed 

in the canal several times during the winter of 1917-18, and occasional currentmeter measurements of the discharge were made: See table of discharge measurements.

ACCURACY. Records good except for days on which the discharge varies widely from 

the mean, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., during (he year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 25 

Nov. 13 

13 

Feb. 9« 

Mar. 14« 19a 

Apr. 13 

June 6

O,W.Hartwell.. 

E.D.Burchard.. 

.....do...-..--...

. ....do. ......... .

.....do...........

.....do...........

(rase height 

'(feet).

Gage 

No. 1.

3.254 

3. 240 

3.239

3.222

Gage 

No. 2.

1.934 

1.877 

1.876

i.858

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

239 

262 

262 

60 

21 

23 

40 

281

Date.

June 27 

27 

July 18 

18 

Aug. 15 

Sept. 7 

20

Made by 

J.W.Moulton.. 

.....do.......... 

.....do.......... 

. ....do.. ........ 

C. C. Covert.... 

.....do.......... 

O.W.Hartwell.

Gage height 

(feet) .

Gage 

No. 1.

3.002 

3.026 

3.122 

3.124 

3.044 

3.526 

3.627

Gage 

No. 2.

1.592 

1.625 

1.776 

1.779 

1.724 

2.005 

2.057

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

241 

246 

237 

243 

201 

254 

291

Measurement made through complete ice cover.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918. -

Day.

2..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Oct.

266

255

250

246

248

246

230' 238

214

257

Nov.

235

227

94fi

OOQ

271

284

288

300

262

263

264

261

261

257

June.

134

OOQ

226

259

261

251

228

230

224

230

248

259

248

July.

94A

9Q9

307

255

OCX

245

240

OOQ

252

265

264

226

249

9^7

Aug.

OQQ

991

207

91 9

221

222 9*>4

225

233

220

213

OAO

Sept.

91 1\

99O

991

228

OQQ

251

237

200

193

206

242

214

209

238

Day.

16..........

17..........

1 o

1Q

20.....-..-.

21..........

22..........

OO

24. .........

25..........

26..........

97

28....--...-

29..........

30..-.-.....

31. . ....... -

Oct.

255

252

273

246

230

217

238

238

258

250

Nov. June.

238

oqe

9W

240

226

212

954

265

256

244

240

228

212

July.

940

OOQ

904

230

900

226

217

206

223

198

205

208

ooe

Aug.

197

1Q*

99fi

217

227

227

99Q

230

222

218

915

209

221

231

238

Sept.

947

240

219

260

252

246

214

206

206

OKI

94fi

213

196

NOTE. Discharge, Oct. 11-19, estimated at 240 second-feet; Nov. 15-30, 250 second-feet.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Month. Maximum.

970

265

Minimum.

914

997

134

Mean.

244

occ

235

Month.

July............

Maximum.

Q/V7

238

260

Minimum

198

179

193

Mean.

OOQ

228

BLACK HIVER CANAL (FLOWING SOUTH) NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. Slope station in summit level of Black River canal near Boonville, Oneida 

County.

RECORDS-AVAILABLE. Occasional discharge measurements 1900, 1905 to 1915^ Continuous record September 16, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorders with natural scale for gage heights, 

1.81 miles apart. These gages and two gages in the Forestport feeder near Boonville are all set at the same datum. Gage No. 1 is located on the right bank (opposite tow path) about 50 feet downstream from the collector's office in Boonville. 

Gage No. 2 is located on the right bank opposite tow path) about 300 yards above 

Lock 70 and 50 yards above the spillway from the canal in Lansing Kill. Recorders inspected by Philip Joynt and Charles Nugent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the steel and concrete highway bridge in 

the village of Boonville, a short distance below Gage No. 1.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Daily discharge determined by use of Chezy formula. The coefficient, c, computed from each current measurement is plotted 

with reference to date of measurement. A smooth curve, then drawn through the 

plotted points, shows the variation of c through the season and the coefficient for 

each day is taken off the curves. The other factors in Chezy formula are obtained 

from gage-height records and cross section of canal.

DIVERSIONS. There are no diversions between gage No. 1 and gage No. 2. This 

station indicates the amount of water diverted from the Black River drainage into 

the Mohawk River drainage for canal purposes. For brief description of way in 

which water is diverted from Black River, see "Black River near Boonville."
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 73

REGULATION. Flow in the canal is regulated by the operation of the spillway and 

sluice gates at Lock 70 and also by discharge of Forestport feeder into the basin at 

Boonville.

ICE. No flow in the canal during the frozen season.

ACCURACY. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. T"., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 26 

Nov. 13 

13 

13 

14 

14 

June 7

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell . 

E. D.Burchard. 

.....do..........

.....ao. .........

.....do........... 

.....do........... 

M. H. Carson. . . .

Gage height 

(feet).

Gage 

No.l.

1.465 

1.550 

1.526 

1.500 

1.506 

1.502 

1.415

Gage 

No. 2.

1.200 

1.286 

1.279 

1.278 

1.291 

1.285 

1.258

Discharge, 

(sec.-ft.)

151 

175

168 

168 

170 

165 

146

Date.

June 27 

27 

27 

July 18 

18 

Aug. 16 

Sept. 20

J. W. Moulton... 

.....do........... 

.....do...........

.....do........... 

.....do...........

C. C. Covert..... 

O.W.Hartwell..

Gage height 

(feet).

Gage 

No. 1.

1.457 

1.395 

1.285 

1.462 

1.456 

1.486 

1.62

Gage 

No. 2.

1.345 

1.328 

1.085 

1.262 

1.255 

1.196 

1.29

Dis-. 

charge

(sec.-ft).

126 

111 

163 

156 

153 

164 

168

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River canal(flowing south)near Boonville, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3. .........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

n. .........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Oct.

182

184

179

179

173

179

186

179

178

183

194

173

171

Nov.

173

182

175

177

197

199

184

199

192

184

180

180

185

181

June.

100

217

205

195

227

182

194

180

179

184

188

184

195

182

July.

165

177

181

154

155

140

157

153

157

160

168

140

138

153

156

Aug.

159

163

153

166

165

150

153

160

169

168

162

158

157

157

Sept.

173

167

159.

173

155

160

161

166

156

153

183

166

158

153

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30.....;....

31..........

Oct.

148

157

' 166

176

171

170

171

176

186

198

182

Nov. June.

177

173

173

173

176

178

159

170

171

165

163

151

161

157

146

July.

150

149

145

143

136

133

151

167

162

162

151

165

158

156

149

152

Aug.

155

158

143

162

162

162

162

169

166

169

161

157

160

164

165

Sept.

144

160

173

158

166

159

154

144

136

142

132

166

165

143

139

NOTE. Discharge estimated as follows: Oct. 14-20,175 second-feet; Nov. 15-30,180 second-feet.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, 

N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Month. Maximum.

199

Minimum.

148

173

100

Mean.

176

182

Month.

July...........

Maximum.

183

Minimum.

109

Mean.

154

161
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, TSf. Y.

LOCATION. In village of Moose River, Lewis County, about 3 miles downstream 

from McKeever, 5 miles below mouth of South Branch of Moose River and nearly 

20 miles above junction of Black and Moose rivers at Lyons Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 370 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5, 1900, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff in two sections on the left bank; read by H. W. Hoch. The gage datum 

was lowered 0.17 foot on February 28,1903, and again 5.00 feet on January 1,1913.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable a short distance below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Cobblestones and boulders; fairly permanent. Current 

smooth, depth comparatively uniform.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

October 31 (discharge, 6,680 second-feet); minimum discharge 65 second-feet 

January 31.

1900-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 16.3 feet during the afternoon of March 

27, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 16,500 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded 4.94 feet July 21, 23, 25, 26, and 27, 1913 (discharge about 42 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. A timber dam at McKeever, 3 miles upstream, is used for power and 

for the regulation of flow during log driving. Seasonal flow affected by operation of the State dam at Old Forge. This regulation is indicated by a record 

from station "Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge."

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice December 8 to April 16. Rating curve fairly well denned between 100 

and 5,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records fairly 

good, except for periods of ice effect or low discharge, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 5

Jan. 106

Feb. 8»

Made by 

J. W.Moulton.. ........

J.W.Moulton.. .......

height.

Feet.

6.50

6.70

8.0

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

488

151

284

Date.

Mar. 136

Apr. 12

12

Made by 

J.W.Moulton.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.63

9.08

8.99

Dischargei

Sec.-ft. 

568

1,910

1,820

a Measurement made through partial ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 75

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.... .........

11 .............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

OO

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

460

369

274

441

580

810

715

580

500

500

460

386

965

1,080

860

1,260

1,140

860

715

1,830

1,380

1,200

1,080

965

860

1,140

1,080

1,200

1,590

2,660

5,170

Nov.

2,660

2,000

1,830

1,590

1,320

1,200

1,140

1,020

965

965

910

860

860

760

715

625

670

670

670

670

5^0

500

500

500

460

500

404

500

Dec.

441

441

404

386

336

352

220

340

380

400

440

' 400

550

340

360

440

420

280

440

340

280

280

280

240

180

420

400

320

300

280

Jan.

360

280

240

300

280

260

260

200

190

150

220

220

220

170

240

260

240

360

260

180

280

440

240

150

180

170

360

70

65

Feb.

170

240

180

110

200

220

75

280

110

170

160

180

200

360

360

400

380

400

340

550

7nn

1,110

950

750

850

850

1,100

1,100

Mar.

1,100

950

650

950

700

 600

550

600

550

750

600

600

550

600

550

600

500

600

600

550

750

QCfl

1,200

l,i 200

1,100

1 (\C\f\

7CA

700

706

700

Apr.

800

1,500

2,600

2,600

2,400

2,000

1,800

2,200

2,600

2,400

2,200

1,900

1,500

1,200

1,500

1,900

3,060

3,170

S

nftn

2,560

2,860

2 460

2 1 Sfi

1,910

1,830

1,910

2,090

2,360

May.

2,760

2,860

2,180

1,910

1,590

1,590

1,520

2,180

2,270

2,270

2,180

1,830

2,180

3,170

2,460

1,910

1,670

1,260

1,020

1 9fift

1,080

sin

860

860

860

1,080

910

810

715

June.

625

670

540

422

369

369

670

1,080

760

860

860

860

1,200

1,020

860

760

670

625

500

404

404

500

670

810

580

580

369

336

176

July.

369

1,320

810

715

625

404

386

386

422

441

715

760

810

860

810

670

580

670

625

540

386

336

289

274

259

230

216 °11

230

244

274

Aug.

202

216

230

230

176

151

151

151

126

189

230

176

202

164

151

259

336

320 202

151

164

189

289

274

230

259

259

259

230

259

830

Sept.

540

500

422

189

352

259

230

422

422

259

176

336

386

460

441

852

860

1,260

1,260

1,140

1,200

1,380

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,020

1,080

1,200

1,140

910

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 8 to Apr. 16 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records for Black River near Boonville.

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 370 square miles.]

Month.

April. . ........................................

July. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,170 

2,660 

550 

440 

1,100 

1,200 

3,170 

3,170 

1,200 

1,320 

336 

1,380

5,170

Minimum.

274 

404 

180 

65 

75 

500 

800 

715 

176 

216 

126 

176

65

Mean.

1,070 

900 

353 

231 

446 

742 

2,190 

1,630 

629 

513 

215 

719

802

Per 

square 

mile.

2189 

2.43 

.954 

.624 

1.21 

2.01 

5.92 

4.41 

1.70 

1.39 

.581 

1.94

2.17

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.33 

2.71 

1.10 

.72 

1.26 

2.32 

6.61 

5.08 

1.90 

1.60 

.67 

2.16

29.46
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART TV.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF MOOSE RIVER AT OLD FORGE, N. Y. ^

LOCATION. About 300 feet below highway -bridge and 400 feet below State dam at 

Old Forge, Herkimer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 51.5 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 9, 1911, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank, 300 feet below highway bridge; read by Jacob 

Edick.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed, near the gage, composed of stone and gravel. Control 

is rock ledge about 200 feet below gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.0 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 3.30 p. m. May 13 (discharge, 530 second-feet); minimum discharge, 16 secondfeet June 23.

1911-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.3 feet on March 28, 1913 (stage-discharge 

relation affected by backwater from Moose River); discharge computed from 

records at dam, 760 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow controlled by dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shift; 

not affected by ice. Rating curve well defined from 20 to 400 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the 

rating table mean daily gage height weighted on days of changing gates, from 

records of gate opening at dam. Records good except those computed from gate 

openings at dam which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 4

5 

5

Apr. 11

11

May 11

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

E. D.'Burchard........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.81

2.20

2.42

1.39 

1.32

2.40

1.86

3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

97

149

36 

36

137

35

382

Date.

May 11

11

June 24 

24

24

July 16

- Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.68

3.79

2.58

1.20

1.77

2.33

2.76

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

451

493

177

28 

83

163

212
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 77

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, $. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Bay.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12... ..........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.. ............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

104

104

104

104

98

98

QR

QR

OS

98

104

104

104

143

165

- 181

214

Nov.

280

311

290

390

290

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

270

260

250

270

OCA

250

165

58

54

51

54

55

sfi

55

50

48

48

48

Dec.

49

51

52

52

52

54

57

57

56

56

58

58

58

59

63

63

63

63

63

63

61

60

60

60

60fin

60

58

58

. 58

Jan.

58

56

58

57

57

57

57

57

58

58

56

56

56

56

60

60

59

59

59

1Q

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

56

56

104

143

Feb.

143

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

10A

i on

130

ion

130

130

130

Mar.

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

123

123

123

123

123

123

123

130

IDA

130

130

130

130

130

130

Apr.

130

136

106

115

115

125

115

115

125

135

135

135

135

150

150

150

165

165

135

167

1 7S

324

V)A.

324

324

298

298

248

232

232

May.

232

232

232

232

232

223

214

214

290

378

378

378

451

530

503

402

280

184

141

141

111

86

86

74

63

74

63

46

175

53

63

June.

63

53

35

27

38

126

36

58

63

220

311

241

36

63

74

74

53

41

35

50

126

74

16

53

311

241

24

21

21

28

July.

34

25

31

32

33

34

40

42

36

36

43

74

200

223

298

324

272

200

36

42

44

58

63

63

58

58

58

58

58

58

86

Aug.

34

34

28

27

27

27

28

28

29

31

33

32

31

31

32

30

29

29

27

75

173

173

173

173

165

165

165

116

98

98

98

Sept.

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

110

98

98

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

98

98

104

98

98

98

NOTE. Discharge Apr. 3-13,19-28 and May 18 to July 12 determined from special rating curves based on 

discharge measurements made when logs were IcJdged on the control. Discharge Sept. 21-23 estimated 

because of logs on the control.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 51.5 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

214 

311 

63 

143 

143 

130 

324 

530 

311 

324 

173 

110

530

Minimum.

98 

48 

49 

56 

130 

123 

106 

46 

16 

25 

27 

98

16

Mean.

109 

190 

58 

61.6 

133 

128 

183 

218 

87.1 

87.6 

72.2 

101

119

Per

square 

mile.

2.12 

3.69 

1.13 

1.20 

2.58 

2.49 

3.56 

4.24 

1.69 

1.70 

1.40 

1.96

2.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.44 

4.12 

1.30 

1.38 

2.69 

2.87 

3.97 

4.89 

1.89 

1.96 

1.61 

2.19

31.31

BEAVER RIVER AT STATE DAM NEAR BEAVER RIVER, N. Y.

LOCATION. At concrete storage dam at outlet of Beaver River flow, 7^ miles west of 

Beaver River post office, Herkimer County, and 7 miles above Beaver Lake at 

Number Four.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

DRAINAGE -AREA. 176 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 11, 1908, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Elevation of water surface in the reservoir is determined by a staff gage in 

two sections, on the west corner of the gage house; read by James Dunbar, gate 

tender. The mean elevation of the crest of the spillway is at gage height 16.96 

feet. Prior to September 28, 1913, elevation of water surface was determined 

by measuring the distance from the water surface to a reference point set at the 

elevation of the crest of the spillway. Widths of sluice gate openings determined 

by measuring on the gate stems the distances they have been raised.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a temporary footbridge at the mouth of 

the outlet tunnel, below the gates.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Records include the discharge through one or 

more of four 4-foot circular sluice gates, when opened, the discharge over 

the spillway, and the discharge through the logway at the west end of the spillway. 

The sluice gates have been rated by current-meter measurements made at different elevations of the lake, but no measurements have been made of the discharge 

over the spillway or through the logway. Theoretic coefficients based on the 

experiments l in the hydraulic laboratory at Cornell University have been used 

to compute ratings for the spillway and logway.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge of Beaver River is completely regulated by the operation of the sluice gates.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir recorded 

during year, 18.5 feet on April 4 and 5; minimum stage recorded 7.85 feet at 8:35 

a. m. February 13.

1908-1918: Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir, 19.46 feet on 

March 29, 1913; minimum stage, 2.9 feet on September 29 and October 1, 1913.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 1,900 secondfeet on April 5; minimum discharge, zero, during periods when gates were closed 

and there was no flow over spillway. 

1908-1918: Maximum discharge, 3,300 second feet on May 2, 1911.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Probably not affected by ice. 

Rating curves for sluice gates well denned. Lake gage read to half-tenths once 

daily. The accuracy of these computations depends to a large extent on the care 

with which the gates were set to the recorded openings Records fairly good.

Monthly discharge of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 176 square miles.]

Month.

April...........................................

May............. . ...........................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

259 

536 

252 

237 

224 

338 

1,900 

1,260 

835 

363 

253 

221

1,900

Minimum.

200 

253 

238 

199 

166 

227 

536 

552 

173 

160 

218 

194

160

Mean.

228 

328 

246 

219 

188 

245 

1,100 

846 

475 

237 

237 

208

380

Pasquare 

mile.

1.30

1.86 

1.40 

1.24 

1.07 

1.39 

6.22 

4.80 

2.70 

1.35 

1.35 

1.18

2.16

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

2.08 

1.61 

1.43 

1.11 

1.60 

6.94 

5.53 

3.01 

1.56 

1.56 

1.32

23.25

U.S. Oeol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 300.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV. 79

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 

EAST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER AT NEWTON FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. 600 feet below lower dam of Newton Falls Paper Co., in Newton Falls, 

St. Lawrence County, 4 miles above mouth of Little River, and 10 miles below 

outlet of Cranberry Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA. 166 square miles (measured by .engineers of the State of New 

York Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 6, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank about 600 feet above the lower dam; read by Henry 

Van Waldick.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from a cable 30 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Small boulders and rock; covered with waste from pulp 

mill; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.53 feet at 5.10 

p. m. May 16 (discharge, 1,240 second-feet); minimum stage is reached nearly 

every Sunday during low-water period when paper mills shut down.

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5.15 p. m. March 28, 1913 

(discharge, 2,200 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice only for a short time during extremely 

cold weather.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation in flow caused by the paper mills. Seasonal 

flow largely controlled by storage at Cranberry Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice during year. Rating curve well defined between 20 and 1,200 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

the rating table weighted mean gage heights based on observer's notes concerning 

operation of paper mills. Records good.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Date.

Feb. 12o

7

25

Made by 

J. W. Moulton.........

.....do.................. 

.....do................. 

J.W. Moulton. ........

.....do................ .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.63

1 9.1

.85 

1.05 

2.78

2.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

399

168

94 

117 

508

473

Date.

July 17

17 

17 

17

Made by 

J.W.Moulton..........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

......do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.42

1.99 

1.98 

1.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

412

010

2% 

295 

301

( Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
80 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, 

N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

l.. ............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

15-.........-..-

16..............

is

1 Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

Oq

24..............

OC

26..............

27..............

9°,

9Q

OA

Oct.

14°,

338

338

01 C

350

22

430

4ft9

OQQ

376

350

376

171

376

350

000

01 K

qqo

326

363

272

9A9

262

272

99

7PL

272

Nov.

qcn

000

22

qqo

oco

188

 OQq

163

ISO,

223

205

252

252

949

350

qfi4

ooq

272

ooq

°,ft4

OAK

ooq

376

ooq

363

Dec.

363

180

914

272

272

232

252

232

oqo

658

QCO

214

ooq

196

AAK

22

554

ooq

qcQ

qqo

87

363

376

522

363

QQ

163

Jan.

376

338

22

338

OOQ

01 C

315

99

qqo

qoc

qoc

qen

qqo

qcn

350

qcn

22

qcn

304

252

Feb.

363

363

22

416

416

402

4^

402

416

22

416

A0f\

193

460

445

460

44 E

460

460

460

22

475

4qn

445

460

Mar.

430

430

22

460

4°. ft

460

44^

326

OQO

22

4qn

460

445

430

416

430

22

44c

qcn

AAK

490

4°.ft

152

430

qqo

445

460

44^

4fift

Apr.

460

588

460

506

416

152

522

460

430

144

460

506

KP.A

qcQ

363

20

522

445

402

cnc

qoQ

376

20

152

350

May.

622

810

1,030

1,030

538

852

506

506

506

571

694

554

938

1,220

1,220

1,070

938

770

770

588

522

522

490

4Qft

282

588

460

490

475

June.

416

242

416

402 44>;

326

389

416

304

588

894

852

1,120

1,120

1,070

588

810

554

430

402

293

242

202

350

qoft

304

326

304

ooq

July.

326

293

20

20

326

20

20

376

475

376

qcrt

20

qft4

304

qi c

282

979

262

20

232

ooo

304

272

262

949

326

9Qq

Aug.

304

304

350

326

326

326

350

326

137

326

4 fin

389

363

350

376

304

326

363

130

416

376

326

363

376

qqo

Sept.

20

338

376

338

000

338

338

130

qOO

376

350

4°.ft

363

949

363

445

4ft9

OQQ

326

363

9G9

OCA

376

000

522

Monthly discharge, of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 166 square miles.]

Month.

 J&y... ............. ...........................

July...........................................

Discharge ir> second-feet.

Maximum.

430 

376 

852 

376 

475 

490 

554 

1,220 

1,120 

475 

460 

522

1,220

Mmimum.

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

20 

282 

202 

20 

130 

20

20

Mean.

292 

259 

316 

291 

350 

367 

399 

692 

491 

248 

325 

338

364

Per 

square 

mile.

1.76 

1.56 

1.90 

1.75 

2.11 

2.21 

2.40 

4.17 

2.96 

1.49 

1.96 

2.04

2.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.03 

1.74 

2.19 

2.02 

2.20 

2.55 

2.68 

4.81 

3.30 

1.72 

2.26 

2.28

29.78

NOTE. Table shows run-off as regulated at Cranberry Lake, and by paper mills at Newton Falls.
STREAMS TEIBTJTAEY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 

dSWEGATOHIE RIVER NEAR HETTVELTON, ET. Y.

81

LOCATION. 2J miles above Heuvelton, St. Lawrence County, 3 miles below Rensselaer 

Falls, and 7 miles above mouth of Indian River (outlet to Black Lake).

DRAINAGE AREA. 961 square miles (measured on topographic maps and map of State 

of New York, issued by United States Geological Survey).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on the right bank, about 2J miles 

above Heuvelton, installed September 16, 1916. Prior to this date gage height 

was determined by measuring the distance from a reference point to the water 

surface. Recorder inspected by George Todd.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 6.6 feet from 

midnight to 8 p. m. April 4 (discharge, 9,220 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder 0.95 foot at 5 a. m. August 24 (discharge 340 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 7.6 feet from 9 to 12 

a. m. March 30, 1917 (discharge, 11,700 second-feet); minimum stage from waterstage recorder, 0.91 foot at 11 p. m. October 16, 1916 (discharge 320 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation due to operation of mills at Rensselaer Falls 

and above. Seasonal flow regulated by storage in Cranberry Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice December 

28 to March 7. Rating curve well denned between 400 and 15,000 second-feet. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory during the year. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water 

records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River at Heuvelton, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 20a

Jan. 12a

Feb. 146

Made by 

;LW. Moulton..........

J. W. Moulton.. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.47

1.50

2.02

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

675

656

735

Date. Made by 

J.W. Moulton..........

M.H.Carson...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

4.46

1.95

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

1,780

4,830

1,180

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.

125832° 20 WSP 474
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River at Heuvelton, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

513

560

620

690

770

870

938

881

909

966

1,020

1,080

1,060

1,100

1,240

1,410

1,410

1,400

1,360

1,540

2,020

2,180

2,180

1 980

2^320

2,530

2,600

2,600

2,460

2,530

3,290

Nov.

3,700

3,780

3,700

3,210

2,750

2,320

2,040

1,700

1,470

1,360

1,240

1,100

1,080

881

809

809

800

881

1 <W>

985

1 080

1,310

1,410

1,360

1,210

1 ftflA

956

881

809

Dec.

1,060

1,530

1,410

i ion

1,040

956

872

755

600

CQO

AO4

654

615

678

800

7R4

71ft

7fl9

686

662

670

881

995

1,040 i tun

938

976

918

QAA

800

750

Jan.

650

600

500

500

550

550

550

500 i<n\

550

480

650

650

600

600

Rfifi

iSKfl

650

«nn

H^n

480

*ififl

650

OCA

600

Ann

Ann

460

420

420

480

Feb.

500

600

. 500

500

460

700

600

380

420

550

550

500

Ann

700

1,000

1,800

2,000

2

onn

4,000

4 400

4' 200

4,000

3,800

3,200

4,000

5,000

Mar.

4,800

4,000

3,400

3,000

2,600

2,600

2,200

It 910

1*780

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,590

1,650

1,910

1,840

2 ft.in

2,600

3,450

5,100

6,650

7,680

7 890

7 890

7,470

6,850

6,250

5,670

5,480

5 isn

Apr.

6,450

7,890

8,990

9,220

8,990

8,100

6,850

5,480

4,830

4,560

4,380

4,040

3,870

3,870

3 QRO

3,620

3,370

3 07ft

3 q7ft

2,820

2,750

2 980

2*980

2^820

2,600

2,390

2,180

1,910

1,730

1,570

May.

1,480

1,520

1,700

2,180

2,320

2,180

1,910

1,720

1,630

1,780

2,040

2,390

3,780

4,650

6,050

5,860

5,480

4,040

3,530

2,900

2,530

2,460

2,460

2,250

2,040

1,840

1,780

1,720

1,840

1,840

1,730

June.

1,600

1,590

1,490

1,290

1,230

1,140

1,110

1,470

2,320

2,530

2,530

2,460

2,460

2,750

2,980

2,900

2,390

1 Q7ft

1 660

1,330

1,130

1,040

966

918

1,000

1,100

1,040

928

863

800

July.

800

791

800

966

863

686

600

555

562

728

881

 947

938

854

800

719

615

615

600

622

593

555

513

506

459

433

440

420

446

459

485

Aug.

446

426

520

510

495

480

490

400

440

541

719

863

800

622

555

555

541

520

485

466

492

459

398

355

398

420

392

420

446

446

472

Sept.

452

440

404

459

513

499

492

485

492

472

520

492

446

446

420

459

472

534

555

938

1,170

1,420

1,840

1,730

1,740

1,780

1,980

1,840

1,590

1,510

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 28 to Mar. 7 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph. Discharge Aug. 4-9 estimated by study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River nedr Heuvelton, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 961 square miles.]

Month.

December. .....................................

February. .....................................

March. ........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...................................... ....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,290 

3,780 

1,530 

650 

5,000 

7,890 

9,220 

6,050 

2,980 

966 

863 

1,980

9,220

Minimum.

513 

800 

592 

420 

380 

1,590 

1,570 

1,480 

800 

420 

355 

404

355

Mean.

1,520 

1,560 

867 

564 

1,960 

3,890 

4,400 

2,630 

1,630 

653 

502 

886

1,750

Per 

square 

mile.

1.58 

1.62 

.902 

.588 

2.04 

4.04 

4.58 

2.74 

1.70 

.679 

.522 

.922

1.82

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.82 

1.81 

1.04 

,68 

2.12 

4.66 

5.11 

3.16 

1.90 

.78 

.60 

1.03

24.71

WEST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HARRISVILLE, N. 7.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Geers Corners, 2J miles downstream from Harrisville, Lewis County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 245 square miles (measured on topographic maps and map of New

York, issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1:500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1916, to September 30, 1918.
STEEAMS TBIBUTAEY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 83

GAGE. Vertical staff in three sections on the right bank. One section graduated from 

0.0 to 3.3 feet about 25 feet below bridge, and two sections graduated from 3.3 to 

10.1 feet on downstream side of bridge abutment; read by Frank Osborne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 200 feet above the bridge, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky and rough; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.4 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 3 (discharge, 3,980 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.1 feet at 7 a. m. 

August 28 and 29 (discharge 42 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded 8.1 feet at 6.30 a. m. and 6 p. m. March 28, 

1917 (discharge, 4,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 1.10 feet at 6 p. m. 

August 11, 1917, and 7 a. m. August 28 and 29, 1918 (discharge 42 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably not affected by ice.

REGULATION. The pulp mill at Harrisville causes some diurnal fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 50 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 12

Made by 

J. W. Moulton ...........................................................

J. W. Moulton. ...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.99

4.88

2

ftQ

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

165

1,580

OQQ

Daily dit , in second-feet, of West Branch of OswegatcKie River near Harrisville, 

N. T.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.... ..........

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..:...........

24..............

25.......... .

26..............

27..............

28.......... ...

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

158

245

220

275

335

405

388

460

480

480

405

305

370

520

560

560

480

520

520

750

970

1.030

850

750

850

1,090

1,090

910

700

850

1,420

Nov.

1.960

1,640

1,350

1,090

850

650

560

422

405

370

352

370

335

275

220

220

260

275

305

405

370

405

460

440

370

335

335

305

275

290

Dec.

305

335

305

245

232

220

245

170

158

170

170

170

158

170

170

195

182

207

158

170

195

207

195

195

195

207

260

195

170

170

115

Jan.

106

115

106

106

91

68

77

85

77

79

91

124

98

79

158

115

106

106

115

106

124

98

124

146

124

124

124

98

79

98

106

Feb.

106

91

106

106

98

91

106

91

85

77

115

124

146

220

440

480

480

560

650

1,210

1,490

1,350

1,350

1,210

1,210

1,800

1,800

1,720

Mar.

1,560

1,210

1,090

970

800

750

650

560

480

480

440

370

405

370

370

370

370

405

440

600

850

1,350

1,800

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,640

1.350

1,280

1,280

1,420

Apr.

1,800

2,890

3,980.

3,300

2,690

2,130

1,640

1,560

1,640

1,800

1,640

1,420

1,280

 1,210

1,210

1,210

1.350

1,350

1,350

1,210

1,090

1.090

1,150

1,090

970

910

800

700

650

600

May.

560

650

650

600

600

560

520

600

600

560

650

800

1,150

1,720

1,800

1,490

1,210

1,030

850

750

700

650

560

480

440

460

560

650

700

650

560

June.

480

422

4flS

352

320

275

520

1,090

1,210

1,030

910

850

970

1,090

970

750

650

520

440

352

320

388

422

480

422

335

305

245

275

245

July.

220

440

370

245

275

245

245

220

245

370

335

305

320

275

275

220

195

209

195

170

146

124

106

124

115

146

146

106

98

195

245

Aug.

195

170

124

106

106

124

77

106

195

320

245

158

124

135

91

66

63

68

79

70

68

68

51

60

58

63

56

56

54

58

56

Sept.

KA

70

w

ss

91

74

77

54

63

66

56

70

70

68

Qf

106

275

320

460

750

850

fiCA

700

800

800

600

560

560

520
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y".,for tlie

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 245 square miles.]

Month.

May.......................:...................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,420 

1.960 

335 

158 

1,800 

1,960 

3,980 

1,800 

1,210 

440 

320 

850

3,980

Minimum.

158 

220 

115 

68 

77 

370 

600 

440 

245 

98 

51 

54

51

Mean.

611 

530 

201 

105 

618 

953 

1,520 

766 

568 

223 

105 

302

540

Per 

square 

mile.

2.50 

2.16 

.82 

.429 

2.52 

3.89 

6.22 

3.13 

2.32 

.910 

.429 

1.23

2.20

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.88 

2.41 

.95 

.3? 

2.62 

4.48 

6.94 

3.61 

2.59 

1.05 

.49 

1.37

29.77

RAQTTETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFEELD, N. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below dam of International Paper Co. at Piercefield, St.

Lawrence County and three-fourths mile above head of Black Rapids. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles (all but 16 square miles measured on topographic

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20, 1908, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on right bank about one-half mile below dam. 

Prior to January 1, 1913, the following gages were used: August 20, 1908, to September 3, 1910, vertical staff fastened to an old pine stump; September 4 to December 31, 1910, chain fastened to same stump and having same datum; June 1, 

1911, datum of the chain gage was lowered 2 feet. Water-stage recorder was set 

"at this datum. Recorder inspected by M. 0. Wood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths mile below gage, just 

above Black Rapids.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel opposite gage is a deep pond with no perceptible 

velocity. Control is at head of Black Rapids.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

10.6 feet at 1 p. m. April 2 (discharge, 5,990 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder, 1.8 feet at 3 p. m. January 20 (discharge, 56 second-feet).

1908-1918: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 11.68 feet at 3 a. m. 

April 1, 1913 (discharge, 7,100 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage 

recorder, 0.85 foot at 11 a. m. September 2, 1913 (discharge, about 10 second-feet).

ICE. Rapids that form control rarely freeze and measurements made when the pond 

was covered with ice indicate that the stage-discharge relation was not affected.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in flow caused by dam during low and medium stages. Numerous lakes in the upper part of the drainage basin afford considerable storage, most of which is so controlled that the effect on the seasonal 

distribution of flow is large.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by 4ce. 

Rating curve well defined between 50 and 7,000 second-feet. Operation of the 

water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Dailj discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records good.

COOPERATION. Water-stage recorder inspected by an employee of the International 

Paper Co.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO SE. LAWREEfCE RIVER.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y1., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 4

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.05

4.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

475

387

Date.

Mar. 12

May 10

Made by 

J. W. Moulton .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.08

8

K(\

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,420

3,560

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

b. .............

6... ...........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23...............

24.............

26..............

27...-..-......,

28..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

318

480

485

496

484

480

226

369

510

480

484

502

519

238

425

564

758

978

959

1,000

387

810

1,310

1,350

1,480

1,440

1,460

1,070

1,570

1,630

1,730

Nov.

1,800

1,930

1,980

2,020

2,310

2,240

2,180

2,140

2,030

1,950

1,680

1, 870

1,770

1,730

1,680

1,630

1,530

1,270

1,470

1,550

1,590

1,550

1,400

1,330

8l2

1,180

884

1,220

1,240

1,120

Dec.

1,070

676

1,000

1,000

887

654

668

6%

436

778

914

708

556

538

734

420

680

800

620

520

510

650

271

577

277

464

579

580

580

320

520

Jan.

620

450

440

470

550

144

210

254

315

410

440

450

204

301

366

130

254

448

448

180

297

356

1S6

344

408

383

190

86

398

450

431

Feb.

300

275

140

70

450

550

460

209

245

200

105

338

522

535

520

450

246

250

518

540

575

700

935

365

638

810

810

920

Mar.

915

950

490

975

1,070

1,200

1,110

1,100

1,180

620

1,200

1,180

1,170

1,120

1,200

1.230

460

1,000

1,230

1,140

1,120

1,130

1,140

655

1,330

1,550

1,540

1,560

1,350

1,640

1 ' 380

Apr.

1,900

3,290

2,980

3,280

3,610

3,740

3,820

3,850

4,050

4,150

4,180

4,170

4,120

4,010

3,910

3,920

3,880

3,970

4,020

3,930

4,170

4,180

4,400

4,300

4,290

4,200

4,060

4,000

3,880

May.

3,900

3,850-

3,870

3,900

3,840

3,880

3,830

3,800

3,510

3,550

3,650

3,500

3,840

3,780

3,750

3,740

3,630

3,680

3,470

3,430

3,300

3,170

3,050

2,840

2,900

2,450

2,720

2,440

2,150

2,000

1,970

June.

1,980

1,750

1,960

2,070

1,970

1,870

.1,970

'1,990

1,690

2,090

2,010

2,160

2,20jO

2,150

2,130

1,860

2,150

2,060

1,990

1,950

1,850

1,480

1,330

1,520

1,440

1,270

1,170

1,230

1,340

754

July.

854

1,250

1,200

' 782

962

1,270

824

964

1,260

1,210

1,260

1,240

1,280

830

1,330

1,380

1,330

1,350

1,290

1,380

898

1,400

1,380

1,110

1,100

1,110

960

640

895

983

975

Aug.

865

765

740

485

565

740

713

710

746

677

421

838

830

867

862

845

835

523

775

845

785

710

695

657

277

417

417

340

285

205

160

Sept.

235

259

370

523

387

328

204

117

273

417

407

408

408

385

154

278

458

414

453

531

532

300

401

614

780

1,070

1,070

1,110

950

1,290

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 16-22, Dec. 29 to Jan. 5, and Jan. 10-12 estimated for lack of gage-height record, 

from study of record for the periods Dec. 8-15 and Jan. 19-26.
StfBfACS W^fEK SUPPLY, i&18, PAEJ IV.

Monthly discharge ofRaquette River at Piercefield, N. Y. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.] ,

Month.

November. ........................... ...

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,730 

2,310 

1,000 

620 

935 

1,640 

4.400 

3,900 

2,200 

1,400 

867 

- 1,290

4,400

Minimum.

226 

812 

271 

86 

70 

460 

1,900 

1.970 

754 

640 

160 

117

70

Mean.

800 

1,640 

635 

343 

453 

1,130 

3,880 

3.340 

1,780 

1,120 

632 

504

1,360

Per 

square 

mile.

1.11

2.27 

.878 

.475 

.627 

1.56 

5.37 

4.62 

2.46 

1.55 

.874 

.697

1.88

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.28 

2.53 

1.01

.55 

.65 

1.80

5i33 

2.74 

1.79 

1.01

.78

25.46

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

LOCATION. Near steel highway bridge in Brasher Center, St. Lawrence County, 5 

miles downstream from Brasher Falls, 6J miles below junction of East and West 

branches of St. Regis River, and about 12 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 621 square miles (measured on post-route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE*. August 22, 1910, to November 10, 1917, when the station was 

discontinued.

GAGES. Staff gage consisting of inclined and vertical sections, on right bank about 

600 feet above bridge; installed June 24, 1916. Prior to this date, chain on right 

hand downstream side of bridge. Gages not at same datum; subject to different 

controls. Gage read by George Myers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable at the staff gage installed in June, 

1916; previously made from the highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Small boulders and coarse gravel at cable; large boulders 

and gravel; very rough at bridge; both sections fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 27, 1914 (discharge, 16,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 5.25 

feet at 5 p. m. August 8,.1917 (discharge about 34 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Gage read to quartertenths twice dialy. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date. Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

6 21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

442

Date.

Mar. 17»

Made by 

J. W. Moulton.. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.67

8.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

545

3,40«

o Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 87

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for the period

Oct. 1 to Nov. 10, 1917.

Day.

2................

3................

4................

5................

6................

7................

8...............

9................

10................

11................

Oct.

404

510

^9Q

586

655

810

930

810

705

685

625

Nov.

1.880

1,520

1,240

1,050

930

810

705

625

529

438

Day.

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............

20..............

21..............

Oct.

625

685

705

930

810

705

605

625

990

990

Nov.

.

Day.

23...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

930

930

810

1,120

1,380

1,310

1,180

1 240

1,590

1,960

Nov.

NOTE. Mean discharge for October is 883 second-feet, or 1.42 second-feet per square mile, equivalent 

to a run-off of 1.64 inches from drainage area above station.

RICHELIEU RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, ROUSES POINT, N. Y.

LOCATION. Inside fort three-eighths mile south of international boundary, about

one-half mile below outlet of Lake Champlain and 1 mile northeast of village of

Rouses Point, Clinton County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 7,870 square miles, including 436 square miles of water surface

(from Annual Report of New York State Engineer and Surveyor). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1875 to 1918. 

GAGE. Staff, inside the fort; read by Thomas Bourke. Elevation of gage zero 92.50

feet above mean sea level. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum elevation recorded during year, 98.95 feet on April

11, 12, and 15; minimum elevation recorded, 93.65 feet at 10 a. m. September 10, 

1869-1918: Maximum elevation recorded, 103.28 feet April, 1869; l minimum

elevation recorded, 91.9 feet November 13, 1908. 

COOPERATION. Gage heights observed under direction of United States Engineer

Corps and reported weekly to the United States Geological Survey.

Hoyt, J. C., U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 97, p. 340.1904.
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1...... ........

9

3..........---.

5....-.-.-....-

6.... ..........

7.... ..........

8.. ............

10..........--.-

11.. ............

1 9

13. ....... ......

11

16..............

17.... ..........

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.. ............

24..............

25..............

26.... ..........

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31 ..............

Oct.

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.25

1.35

1.4

1 25

1.25

1.35

1.35

1.55

1 41

1.6

1.4

1.35

1.55

1.8

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

1.55

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.75

1.8

1.9

2.2

Nov.

2.45

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

2 7

2.75

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.45

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.3

2 9

9 1

2.2

2 9

2.15

2.2

Dec.

2.15

2.0

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.95

1.85

1.85

1.85

1 9

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.6

1 55

i f&

1.6

1.45

1.5

1.45

Jan.

1 41

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

 1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1 3

1.3

1 3

1.3

1 3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1 9*.

1 9*.

1 9*.

1 9

1 9

1.2

1.2

Feb.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 25

1.2

1 9^

1.6

1 3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.95

2

fiK

9 1 K

Mar.

2.26

2.35

2.4

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.6

2.6

2.55

9 A

2.6

2.65

2.6

9 fi

2.75

2.8

2.95

3.15

o 4

3 A

3.8

3.95

4.05

4.4

4.65

Apr.

4.9

5.25

5.7

6.0

6.15

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.25

6.25

6.45

6.45

6.35

6.4

6.45

6.4

6.4

6.25

6.35

6.35

6.25

6.25

6.25

6.05

6.15

6.1

6.0

6.05

5.85

May.

5.75

5.9

5.75

5.55

5.6

5.6

5.45

5.45

5.25

6.0

5.1

5.05

5.15

5.15

5.1

5.5

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.05

4.75

4.75

4.65

4.6

4.55

4.4

4.4

4.25

4.25

4.3

June.

4.25

4.1

4.05

4.0

3.9

3.85

3.9

3.75

3. 05

3.65

3.6

3.75

3.55

3.6

3.55

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.35

3.45

3.3

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.0

July.

2.95

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

 2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2 OK

2.25

2.15

1 Q*.

2.0

2.0

1.85

Aug.

1.9

1.9

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.65

1.7

1.65

1.7

1.8

2.1

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.45

1.55

1.8

1.35

1.45

Sept.

1.4

1.45

1.55

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.15

1.2

1.5

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.65

1.75

1.95

2.2

2.3

SARA1TAC KIVEB. NEAK PLATTSBTTHG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Indian Rapids power plant of Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., 6 miles 

above mouth of river at Plattsburg, Clinton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 27, 1903, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Crest gage a vertical- staff on the angle of the wing wai± at the end of the 

racks; datum raised 0.76 foot August 20, 1906. Tailrace gage, a vertical staff 

spiked to timberwork dike, between tailrace and river and about 50 feet below 

power house. Datum has changed slightly owing to settling of cribwork. 

Records of kilowatt output are obtained by a watt meter on switchboard at halfhour intervals. An inclined staff gage at the ca~ble station, about one-fourth 

mile below the dam. Gages and watt meters read by power-house operators.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable at head of Indian Rapids, one-fourth 

mile below dam, or, at low water, by wading under cable or in tailrace.

DISCHARGE RATING. Records include flow over concrete spillway 171.25 feet in crest 

length, a rating for which has been prepared for use of coefficients' derived from 

experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University on a model 

section of the dam; the discharge through two power units equipped with 300- 

kilowatt generators which have been rated by current-meter measurements; and 

the discharge through two 5-foot waste gates when open. Occasional observations 

are made on the inclined staff gage at the cable-as a check on the ratings of spillway 

and turbines.

iHorton, R. E., Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

200, pp. 98-100, 1907.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 89

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 5,600 second-feet 

April 3; minimum daily discharge, 200 second-feet August 4.

1908-1918: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 6,410 second-feet, April 20, 

1914; minimum daily discharge recorded, 90 second-feet, September 28, 1914. 

N ICE. The crest of the spillway is kept free from ice so that the stage-discharge relation 

is not affected.

REGULATION. The lakes and ponds on the main stream and tributaries above the 

station have a water surface area of about 25.5 square miles. The actual storage 

afforded by these reservoirs has been largely increased by the State dam at Lower 

Saranac Lake, the operation of which affects the distribution of flow throughout 

the year.

ACCURACY. Discharge measurements made during the year indicate that the ratings 

of spillway and turbines have not changed. Discharge over the spillway ascertained by applying to the rating table mean gage heights for 6-hour periods; 

discharge through the turbines ascertained by applying to their ratings the mean 

kilowatt output and head for 12-hour periods. Records fairly good.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records and watt meter readings furnished by Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., Herbert A. Stutchbury, superintendent.

The following discharge measurement-was made by J. W. Moulton: 

May 9, 1918: Gage height, 2.79 feet; discharge, 1,300 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10............:.

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

11..............

10

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

93

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30

31..............

Oct.

740

880

1,080

940

880

920

720

760

520

460

500

430

560

490

620

520

480

600

520

560

640

660

540

540

620

880

700

680

880

900

1,220

Nov.

1,040

940

660

820

760

700

740

760

780

740

660

800

800

800

780

720

760

660

620

520

500

480

410

270

225

290

260

320

500

500

Dec.

440

440

520

410

370

360

300

260

230

420

310

280

470

450

470

410

560

430

300

370

390

370

290

370

260

480

370

320

470

440

460

Jan.

330

440

410

520

^ 450

480

540

34ft

520

560

470

580

540

810

750

680

460

390

560

280

520

310

300

240

330

380

700

1,050

320

460

Feb.

450

640

440

860

410

420

700

840

440

620

880

470

640

580

580

660

920

840

640

760

2, .200

1,500

1,240

960

1,020

1,550

2,000

1,900

Mar.

1,550

2,600

1,500

1,200

1,100

920

900

800

760

620

780

820

780

960

820

840

620

900

860

900

1,450

2,050

2,300

2,300

2,000

2

flcA

2,500

2,800

Apr.

3,500

4,900

5,600

4,000

3,200

2,700

2,450

2,600

2,500

2,000

1,800

1,650

1,600

1,800

1,850

2,100

2..050

2,100

1,950

1,850

1,800

2,200

2,200

2,050

1,850

1,750

1,700

1,500

1,700

May.

1,750

2,000

1,700

1,650

1,800

1,600

1,600

1,550

1,500

1,300

1,250

1,400

1,300

1,450

1,250

1,300

1,350

1,240

960

1 000

740

820

920

820

1,040

1,200

Qfift

900

June.

1,040

1,300

920

800

820

700

1,240

1,300

1,060

920

860

1,000

1,060

1,080

960

920

880

880

800

800

780

840

820

800

720

680

700

79ft

680

July.

700

700

620

580

700

620

900

740

540

840

780

720

740

440

700

580

400

480

580

580

460

540

580

520

1,140

840

600

370

400

310

310

Aug.

350

290

300

200

250

310

290

220

520

780

900

1,180

ly.220

1,180

940

720

620

520

600

390

480

500

490

490

430

420

370

360

420

400

380

Sept.

420

470

390

370

360

390

620

600

600

580

580

560

620

700

6QO

600

560

900

900

1,080

1,220

1,040

1,020

1,200

1,300

1,600

1,600

1,250

1,180
90

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 

1918.

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,220 

1,040 

560 

1,050 

2,200 

2,900 

5,600 

2,000 

1,300 

1,140 

1,220 

1,600

5,600

Minimum.

430 

225 

230 

240 

410 

620 

1,350 

740 

680 

310 

200 

360

200

Mean.

692

627 

388 

488 

899 

1,440 

2,340 

1,290 

897 

613 

533 

798

915

Per

square 

mile.

1.14 

1.03 

.639 

.804 

1.48 

2.37 

3.86 

2.13 

1.48 

1.01 

.878 

1.31

1.51

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

1.15 

. .74 

.93 

1.54 

2.73 

4.31 

2.46 

1.65 

1.16 

1.01 

1.46

20.45

AUSABLE RIVER AT AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y.

LOCATION. In village of Ausable Forks, Clinton County, immediately below junction of East and West branches and about 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 444 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1910, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain on left bank 1,000 feet below junction of East and West branches; 

read by A. S. Baker.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1J miles below gage, or by 

wading, either near the cable or a short distance above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stone and gravel, occasionally shifting. Channel divided 

by an island opposite the gage.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.46 feet at 

5.15 p. m., April 1, and 7 a. m., April 22 (discharge, 6,070second-feet);'minimum 

discharge, 80 second-feet, January 14 and 15 and February 1-3.

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 10.2 feet in the evening of March 27, 1913 

(discharge, roughly, 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 

7 a. m., July 21, 1912 (discharge, practically zero).

SPECIAL STUDY. A portable water-stage recorder was installed at this station and a 

continuous gage-height record obtained July 11 to September 30, 1914, which 

showed a continual small fluctuation in stage. It was shown that determinations 

of monthly mean discharge based on semidaily gage heights are in error, as follows: 

July 11-31, 3.5 per cent; August, 4.1 per cent; September, 0.5 per cent. Some 

of the determinations of daily discharge showed greater errors, which were, 

however, largely compensating.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between dates of shifts; 

affected by ice December 10 to February 13. Rating curve fairly well defined 

between 175 and 3JOOO second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Records good.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by J. \y. Moulton.]

Date.

May 4.................................. ........................................

6..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.59

4.78

5.28

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

124

1,790

2,840

o Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1............

2..............

3..............

5.............

6..............

7..............

10...-..-...--..

11..............

19

13.»-..-....-....

14. .............

15.....-.----..

16..............

17..............

Ifi

19

20..............

21....--....--..

OQ

25..............

26.............

OQ

9Q

30.............

31..............

Oct.

371

417

371

379

1,090

739

597

455

398

345

319

398

1,010

578

567

955

567

484

465

903

> 727

588

AQA

515

864

788

1,070

1,260

1,620

2,400

3,070

Nov.

1,440

1,010

751

599

546

455

436

388

407

362

311

328

302

264

280

264

227

272

280

280

280

272

311

311

202

208

221

208

208

208

Dec.

234

221

189

183

208

202

183

170

157

180

180

ion

200

99ft

200

200

220

oon

200

160

160

180

200

220

240

240

oon

220

240

220

Jan.

220

220

260

260

220

160

130

120

120

110

100

90

aft

80

90

100

110

110

140

130

120

110

110

120

130

130

110

110

100

85

Feb.

80

80

80

85

100

110

100

95

100

110

110

140

200

407

864

800

505

436

668

3,190

942

903

son

788

714

3,070

2,160

1,620

Mar.

890

668

1,060

557

515

398

362

371

407

354

319

336

426

417

407

336

319

788

788

1,260

2,050

3,070

2,160

1,730

1,350

1,040

nnq

1 IW)

1,350

1,830

Apr.

4,210

5,600

3,950

2,490

1,730

1,350

1,530

1,620

2,380

1,530

1 260

l!l20

1,010

1,200

2,270

1,620

2,600

2,600

1,830

1,440

1,440

5,030

2 Ann

2,600

1,440

1,350

1,350

1,830

1,730

3,690

May.

3,690

3,690

1,830

1,440

2,160

2,720

2 950

1^440

1 260

2,720 i <?<;n

1,620

3,070

1,730

Q9Q

oe-i

764

1,040

1,030

764 cnfi

7fi9

588

825

825

7fi4.

1,260

ona

714

June.

656

588

679

557

345

319

465

1,230

1,940

998

515

1,130

1,530

1,180

813

567

484

388

328

257

264

214

328

KA7

546

407

3^

979

242

July.

345

998

436

336

294

302

407

484

526

526

505

536

515

634

536

407

336

319

302

250

214

214

ISO

164

153

153

102 109

110

234

436

Aug.

250

196

170

ifti

142

121

121

142

5,310

2,600

2

nen

1,620

567

465

302

257

997

189

164

196

177

177

177

1ft4.

183

177

164 ion

icq

183

Sept.

1,230

567

436

221

227

611

679

362

on/I

234

177

170

Q9Q

436

V^d.

fi7Q

1,180

1 ofin

702

1,100

1,210

1,070

1 040

1^180

1,350

2,490

1,530

QQA

010

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Feb. 13, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19l8, PART IV.

Monthly discharge qfAusable River at Ausable Forks, N. K,/or the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 444 square miles.]

Month.

May........... ................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,070 

1.440 

240 

260 

3,190 

3,070 

5,600 

3,690 

1.940 

998 

5,310 

2,490

5,600

Minimum.

319 

202 

157 

80 

80 

319 

1.010 

588 

. 214 

102 

121 

170

80

Mean.

800 

388 

201 

132 

691 

904 

2,210 

1,580 

616 

358 

612 

798

772

Per 

square 

mile.

1.80 

.874 

.453 

.298 

1.56 

2.04 

4.98 

3.56 

1.39 

.806, 

1.38 

1.80

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.08 

.98 

.52 

.34 

1.62 

2.35 

5.56 

4.10 

1.55 

.93 

1.59 

2.01

23.63

LAKE GEORGE AT ROGERS ROCK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At boathouse in small bay on north side of steamboat landing at Rogers

Rock, Essex County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 10, 1913, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Vertical staff fastened to a pile in the back end of the boathouse. Datum

3.15 feet l below crest of dam at outlet of lake; read once daily by George O. Cook. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.2 feet May 20, 22,

27, 30, and June 3; minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet February 16.

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 4.98 feet on May 2, 1914; minimum stage

recorded, 1.2 feet on November 21 and December 22, 1916. 

REGULATION. The elevation of lake surface is regulated by the operation of gates

and wheels at the dam at the outlet of the lake at Ticonderoga. _ 

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by International Paper Co.

' Determined by levels; supersedes the estimated figure previously published.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 93

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..... ........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26...... .......

27..............

28............ .

29.............. 

30.............. 

31........ .....

Oct.

2.20

2.30

2.28

2.30

2.25

2.28

2.18

2.20

2.12

2.10

2.12

2.10

2.15

2.12

2.10

2.05

2.02

2.00

2.15

2.10

2.00

1.98

1.95

1 98

2.08

2.05

2-15

2.08

2.10 

2.50 

2.58

Nov.

2-60

2.58

2.55

2.55

2-52

2,58

2.50

2,52

2-50

2-45

2-40

2.35

2.40

2.38

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.32

2.35

2.30

2.22

2.25

2. 3D

2.30

2.35

2.22

2 OK

2.20 

2.25

Dee.

2.25

2,28

2.22

2.22

2.20

2-15

2.10

2.08

2.28

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.10

2.12

2.10

2.05

2.08

2 05

2.02

2.00

1.98

2.00

1.98

2 fin

1.95

1.92

1 QK

1.90

1.88 

1.88

Jan.

1.85

1.90

1.80

1.78

1 7\

1.78

1.80

1.82

1.78

1.75

1.78

1.80

1 QO

1.80

1.85

i on

1.88

I

or

1-88

1-85

1.82

1.85

1 S9

1.80

1

QC

1 SO

1.75

1

70

1.80 

1.78 

1.75

Feb.

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.70

1.62

1.65

1.62

1.65

1.70

1-70

1.68

1.65

1-65

1 fi9

1.60

1-55

1.60

1.65

1.68

1.70

1.68

1.65

1.65

1-68

1.70

I

SA

1.80

1

QO

Mar.

1-82

1.85

1.80

1.82

1.88

1.85

1.82

I

RA

1.85

1.88

1 O9

1 Q1

1 95

1 92

1.95

1 OS

9 ftA

1 98

2 00

1 98

O AO

2.15

2 Oft

2 Oft

2 OK

2 40

2 49

2

AfL

2.50 

2.55 

2.62

Apr.

2.80

2.92

3.00

3.12

3.20

3.22

3.25

3.30

3.35

3.42

3.48

3-52

3-55

3.58

3.60

3 fi9

3.65

3.68

3 7A

3 79

3

7K

3

QC

3

00

3

QC

o on

3 CO

3.80

3 80

3.82 

3-80

May,

3 82

3-90

3.80

3-80

3.85

3.85

3-90

3-88

3-80

3-88

3.85

3-92

4.08

4.05

A IS

4.12

4.15

4.18

4.20

4 11

4.20

4.15

4.12

4.10

4.15

4.12

4.12 

4.20 

4.18

June.

4.10

4.15

4.20

4.05

4.00

4.02

4.10

4.05

4.08

3.98

4.00

4.08

4.00

4.05

3.90

3.98

3.95

S on

3.78

3.75

3.80

3.78

3

70

3.75

3 70

3-68

3.65

3.68

3.62 

3.58

July.

3.65

3.50

3.52

3.48

3.50

3-50

3-55

3.55

3.52

3.50

3-50

3-48

3.45

3.42

.3.45

3.45

3.40

3.38

3.40

3-40

3-38

3.40

3 OK

3

0O

3-28

3 in

3.30

3 9O

3-25 

3-30 

3.12

Aug.

3.18

3.10

3.00

3.10

3.05

2.98

3-00

2.95

2.90

2.92

3.00

2.95

2.98

2.98

2.95

2.88

2.85

2.80

2.75

2.80

2.70

2.75

9 7S

2.72

2.70

2-68

2-65

2.62

2.60 

2.58 

2.55

Sept.

2.58

2.62

2.60

2.52

2.50

2.55

2.50

2.55

2.40

2.38

2-40

2.45

2.48

2.45

2.42

2.40

2.38

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.40

2.35

2.32

2.35

2.50

2.50

2.48 

2.45

LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT.

LOCATION. On south side of roadway leading to dock of Champlain Transportation 

Co., at foot of King Street, Burlington.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 1, 1907, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Staff. Comparisons of gage readings indicate that zero of gage at Burlington 

is at practically the same elevation as that of gage at Fort Montgomery 92.5 feet 

above mean sea level. Gage read by employee of the Champlain Transportation Co.

EXTREMES OF STAGE'. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.78 feet on April 10 

and 11; minimum stage recorded, 1.44 feet on September 14.

1907-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 8.20 feet on April 7, 1913; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.25 foot on December 4, 1908.

ICE. Wider parts of Lake Champlain hot usually frozen over until last part of January. Occasionally closure does not occur until February and in some years it 

lasts only for a few days. The northern end of the lake above the outlet is usually 

covered with ice from the middle of December to the middle of April.

ACCURACY. Gage read to hundredths once a day except Sundays from October 1 

to December 21 and from March 25 to April 20; readings at irregular intervals 

during the rest of the year. Gage readings made when the lake is rough subject 

to inaccuracies due to wave action.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished through the courtesy of Mr, D, A, 

Loomis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co,
94 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4...............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

.20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.48

1.50

1.52

1.56

1.56

1.58

" l.~63~

1.64

1.67

1.67

1.68

1.68

"1..74"

1.74

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.73

"l.79

1.83

1.87

1.87

1.95

2.03

2.35

2.70

3.00

Nov.

3.10

3.18

3.20

"i" 23"

3.21

3.18

3.18

3.15

3.13

"i'os"

2.98

2.95

2.90

2.83

2.76

"2." , 65"

2.62

2.58

2.58

2.55

2.54

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.43

2.40

Dec.

2.38

"2." 35"

2.33

2.32

2.30

2.25

2.23 "i'.ib'

2.13

2.08

2.06

2.06

2.03

2.61"

2.00

2.00

1.98

1.98

.......

.......

.......

Jan.

.......

.......

" "i.'ss"

1.58

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

Feb.

.....*.

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

2.03

"2"34~

Mar.

2.68

2.68

.......

"2." 84"

.......

.......

2.98

"3."03"

.......

"2. "99"

2.99

2.99

"3."35"

.......

.......

A OA

4.42

4.55

4.67

4.75

4. 87

Apr.

5.30

5-65

6.14

6.49

6.61

6.63 "e.'eo"

6.65

6.78

6.78

6.75

6.75 "e.'es"

6.65

6.65

6.70

6.65

6.61

"6."48"

6.53

6.44

6.37

May.

6.14

6.10

6.04

6.02

.......

5-88'

5-77

5-68

5-58

.5.45

"5" . 35"

5.40

5.48

5-45

5.39

.......

.......

5.15

5-04

4-96

4.92

4.82

"i.'fo"

4-67

4.60

x

June.

4.48

.......

"4." 29"

4.24

"i'io"

.......

"i'95"

3.90

"3.~92" .

3.95

.......

"s.'ss'

3.78

3.73

.......

.

3-43

3.45

3-50

.......

.......

July.

"3" 19"

....... "s'.'oT

.......

....... "2." 93"

2.89

2.84

.......

"2.78

"2" 72"

2.71

.......

2.60

2.52

2.48

2.30

2.20

2-20

Aug.

2.18

....... "2." 6s"

1.92

1.92

2."09

"2."i4"

"2."lO"

2.08

.......

" ~2."02"

1.98

"i."92"

1.86

.......

"i."75"

....... "i 'u

A. £rt

Sept.

""i."52

.......

.......

"~i."f>6

.......

.......

1.50

.......

""i.44.

1.49

.......

" 1-67

1-70

1.76

1.82 r.89

2.06

2.16

2.46

""2" 76

NOTE. Thickness of ice 50 feet from dock: Jan. 9, 9J inches; "Jan. 18,11J inches; Jan. 21,11J inches; Jan. 

28,154 inches; Feb. 4,18J inches; Feb. 11 and 18, 22 inches; Feb. 25, 23J inches; Mar. 4, 22| inches; Mar. 11, 

21 inches; Mar. 18, 22J inches; Mar. 25, 19 inches; Apr. 1, 13 inches; lake was frozen over Jan. 24 and was 

clear of ice again on Apr. 10.

OTTER CREEK AT MIDDLEBURY, VT.

LOCATION. At railroad bridge half a mile south of railroad station at Middlebury, 

Addison County, 3J miles below mouth of Middlebury River, and 3J miles above 

mouth of New Haven River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1903, to May 1, 1907, October 5, 1910, to September 

30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain; read by Almon Lovett.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat just below railroad bridge, at the 

stone-arch highway bridge just above the dam, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; current sluggish for several miles above 

the station. Control for low stages is gravel and boulder rips about 800 feet 

below gage, probably somewhat shifting; control at high stages is near the dam 

800 feet farther downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.1 feet at 7.15 

a. m. March 30 (discharge, 3,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 11.75 

feet at various times during the year (discharge, 202 second-feet).

1903-1907 and 1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 21.07 feet March 30, 1913 

(discharge from extension of rating curve, about 8,000 second-feet); minimum 

open-water stage recorded, 11.45 feet September 15, 1913 (discharge, 138 secondfeet). A somewhat lower discharge has possibly occurred at various times when 

the stage-discharge relation has been affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 95

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and occasionally at the control, affecting the stage-discharge relation. Winter discharge ascertained by 

means of gage heights, current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and 

climatic records.

REGULATION. Probably little if any effect from operation of power plants above the 

station. Considerable storage has been developed on tributaries near the headwaters.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent during the year, except 

when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined between 200 and 4,000 secondfeet. Gage read to quarter-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table, with corrections for ice from December 

 27 to March 23. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 11

Feb. 1

Mar. 11

Made by 

.....do.. ...............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

12.24

al2.42

ol3.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

368

278

592

Date.

Apr. 2

July 27

Made by 

M. R. Staekpole. . . ....

H. W. Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.82-

12.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,270

320

a, Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at JHfiddlebury, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19...............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29 *

30..............

31..............

Oct.

232

283

265

265

360

403

403

403

403

381

340

320

403

450

426

475

426

426

403

501

403

403

cm

740

740

775

670

955

2,690

Nov.

2,510

2,510

2,330

2,660

1,610

1.490

917

775

670

610

610

450

501

475

475

403

450

450

320

403

426

426

501

705

450

340

381

340

283

Dec.

360

501

360

450

426

. 403

320

403

202

360

301

265

320

360

381

265

360

AAQ

403

381

360

283

283

300

360

280

220

Jan.

220

210

210

220

250

220

210

220

210

280

300

280

280

220

300

320

320

320

oon

220

220

230

230

260

300

340

340

280

\ ocn

280

Feb.

280

280

280

280

220

220

250

250

230

250

250

230

250

320

400

500

1,250

1,100

960

960

2,300

2,200

2,200

1,950

2 1ftA

2,500

2,400

2,400

Mar.

2,400

2,500

2,400

2,200

1,800

1,350

1,100

880

660

580

520

520

660

1,200

1,100

740

740

1,100

1,700

2,100

2,300

2,500

2,690

2 780

2,960

3,050

3,140

3

cnn

3,320

Apr.

3,230

3,320

3,320

3,230

3,140

3,140

3,050

2,960

2,870

2,690

2,600

2,510

2,420

2,060

1,970

1,970

1,970

1,970

1,970

1 Q7fl

1 880

1,'970

2,060

2,150

2,060

1 Q7ft

1,520

1,360

1,360

May.

1,440

1,700

1,790

1,610

1,360

1,030

955

917

1,030

880

1,190

1,150

1,150

2,600

2,510

2,330

2,150

1,700

1,190

QQ9

1,070

1,110

810

670

670

640

810

810

810

June.

810

670

555

450

426

426

450

610

ccc

528

670

 955

1,110

880

670

475

403

Afvy

360

360

1,360

1 44Q

1,030

670

528

450

450

July.

320

360

403

340

301

320

340

360

450

450

AKJT\

501

670

381

810

640

501

' 501

47s;

A en

381

OOA

o*>n

340

oon

oon

320

283

265

202

Aug.

283

248

' 232

232

202

248

265

248

001

283

283

320

403

403

360

248

909

94.R

265

248

248

917

202

265

265

283

Sept.

320

360

403

360

320

301

320

301

248

265

301

301

320

301

248

301

426

528

555

640

77 c

880

640

1,030

775

2,330

2,240

1,970

1,880

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 27 to Mar. 23. Determination of discharge for this 

period based on gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of-two discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records.
96

Monthly dii

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,690 

2,510 

501 

340 

2,500 

3,500 

3,320 

2,600 

1,440 

810 

501 

2,330

3,500

Minimum.

232

283 

202 

210 

220 

520 

1,360 

640 

360 

202 

202 

248

202

Mean.

525 

807 

339 

263 

958 

1,810 

2,350 

1,250 

644 

399 

284 

665

854

Per

square 

mile.

0.854 

1.31 

.551 

.428 

1.56 

2.94 

3.82 

2.03 

1.05 

.649 

.462 

1.08

1.39

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches -on 

 drainage 

area.).

0.98 

1.46 

.64 

.49 

1,62 

3.39 

4.26 

2.34 

1.17 

..75 

.53 

1.20

18/83

WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELDSR, VT.

LOCATION. 1 mile downstream from Central Vermont Railway station in Montpelier, 

Washington County, about three-eighths mile above mouth of Dog River and 1J 

miles below mouth of Worcester branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on right bank, installed July 4f 1914; 

gage heights referred to datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings; records June 16 to July 3, 1914, obtained from the staff gage. Chain gage at highway bridge just above the Central 

Vermont Railway station used from May 19, 1909, to June 30, 1914.

DISCHARG*E MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in section at the gage; 

control is formed by sharply defined rock outcrop about 500 feet below gage

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 11.45 feet at 9 p. m. October 30 (discharge from extension of rating 

curve, 8,780 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 2.95 feet at 

7 a. m. July 26 and 8 a. m. August 29 (discharge, 42 second-feet).

1909-1918: Maximum stage determined by leveling from flood marks preserved 

on building near present gage, 17.31 feet, April 7,1912 (discharge not determined); 

minimum stage from water-stage recorder 1914-1918, 2.77 feet, August 13, 1914, 

and October 24, 1915 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice during the winter; discharge 

ascertained by means of gage heights, current-meter measurements, observer's 

notes, and climatic records.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants on main stream and tributaries above station cause large diurnal fluctuations in stage. 1

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 30 and 5,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory during the year, except during part^of October 

and November, when it was temporarily removed for cleaning; Sanborn waterstage recorder used November 16 to December 17. Daily discharge determined 

by discharge integrator, except for high stages and the period November 16 to 

March 28, when mean daily gage heights were used. Open-water records good; 

winter records fair.

1 See fig. 1, p. 41, U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 424.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAKY TO ST. LA WEEN CE EIVEE. 97

Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., dwring the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by M. E. Stackpole.]

Date.

Oct. 31......... ...............

Jan. 25.... ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.57

o4.80

«5.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,460

389

275

Date.

Apr.12. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

668

1,650

1,510

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1918.

Day.

1.. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6... .......... -

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14... ....... . ...

15.............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

90

24..............

OK

26.....-..-....-

27..............

28..............

29v\

11

Oct.

255

270

215

255

500

620

320

280

390

320

210

320

620

370

340

440

420

 280

210

960

660

370

240

320

900

820

720

860

720

3,700

3 A en

Nov.

1,500

1,100

860

680

620

560

520

' 470

440

390

500

370

260

195

240

300

284

264

312

268

316

345

345

312

231

219

207

183

185

210

Dec.

276

284

320

345

325

284

268

272

237

290

290

220

260

260

250

170

250

240

240

240

240

220

185

240

210

200

175

185

145

115

Jan.

150

155

110

140

130

65

110

75

75

88

105

120

120

180

165

185

210

185

210

220

195

185

250

. 230

195

195

170

145

190

140

Feb.

155

145

98

110

125

125

130

130

115

130

150

155

185

250

310

310

310

310

310

400

700'

580

480

380

360

910

1,200

1,050

Mar.

760

620

560

470

440

420

400

370

320

400

370

370

400

400

400

370

400

600

640

1,600

1,150

2,000

2,400

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,400

1,700

2,900

2,300

2,900

Apr.

4,200

5,950

4,600

2,600

2,000

1,700

1,900

2,000

2,450

1,960

1,580

1,440

1,480

1,780

1,900

1,900

1,700

1,760

1,360

1,180

1,180

1,860

1,600

1,440

1,160

1,000

930

960

1,000

1,280

May.

1,360

1,300

1,040

850

700

640

640

600

530

510

1,040

750

1,240

2,350

1,320

880

720

620

560

560

520

440

455

400

335

340

660

670

440

840

June.

960

1,020

530

350

310

270

760

670

395

395

330

760

1,120

620

435

350

315

295

265

235

220 225-

430

405

340

260

235

200

156

205

July.

245

270

194

220

~ 150

172

245

215

200

245

260

250

385

340

240

185

195

200

165

106

170

140

125

100

100

91

74

108

118 i°.n

Aug.

130

120

 100

60

106

77

92

100

2,900

1,160

500

330

240

530

925

365

275

184

210

176

156

142

134

93

140

128

118

114

1ft9

Sept.

200

180

150

136

160

158

130

152

120

124

118

154

225

154

164

180

325

640

320

1,080

690

395

890

780

2,000

3,000

1,420

900

670

NOTE Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 28; discharge for this period computed 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of four discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Discharge estimated Oct. 6-29, Nov. 3-16,29-30.

125832° 20 WSP 474 7
98 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAET IV.

Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[ Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...................................:.......

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,700 

1,500 

345 

250 

1,200 

2,900 

5,950 

2,350 

1,120 

385 

2,900 

3,000

5,950

Minimum.

210 

183 

115 

6fr 

98 

320 

930 

335 

156 

74 

60 

118

60

Mean.

657 

423 

237 

157 

343 

1,050 

1,930 

773 

435 

193 

321 

525

586

Per

square 

mile.

1.56 

1.01 

.564 

.374 

.817 

2.50 

4.59 

1.84 

1.04 

.459 

.764 

1.25

1.40

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.80 

1.13 

.65 

.43 

.85 

2.88 

5.12 

2.12 

1.16 

.53 

.88 

1.40

18.95

DOG RIVER AT NORTHFEELD, VT.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Norwich University campus in Northfield, 

Washington County. Union Brook joins Dog River a short distance below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 47 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 14, 1909, to September 30, 1918. Records from May 14, 

1909, to August 22, 1910, obtained at lower highway bridge; those from August 

23,1910, to date, at present location.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder on left bank below highway bridge; gage heights referred 

to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside the well. Inclined staff on left 

bank read by Florence C. Doyle from August 30 to September 30, 1918.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and alluvial deposits; subject to 

slight shifts.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage .during year, from water-stage recorder, 

about 5.05 feet on April 2 (discharge, 960 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

water-stage recorder, 0.85 foot at 11 p. m. August 3 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded at present site, 8.5 feet March 25, 1913 

(discharge, 3,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot September 10 

and 11, 1913 (discharge, 3.0 second-feet). At the lower gage, 1909-10, flow was 

practically zero at various times when water was held back by dam above gage.

ICE. River frozen over during winter; stage-discharge relation affected for short 

periods.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned below 600 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory during a considerable part of the year as shown in footnote 

to daily discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage heights determined by inspecting recorder graph, and from 

observer's readings (staff gage readings to quarter-tenths twice daily). Records 

fair.
STBEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 99

Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

Date.

Oct. 31

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

3.10

1.61

ol.46

ol.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

296

49.5

28.6

21.5

Date.

Feb. 28

Apr. 12

July 26

Aug. 29

Made by 

H. W. Fear............

J. W. Moulton..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.59

2.75

.92

1.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

162

213

9.4

11.8

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. ..........................

8...........................

10. .../ .. .....................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17.................:.........

18...........................

1Q

20...........................

21...........................

22. ..........................

23...........................

24...........................

25.. .........................

26...........................

27.........:.................

28. ..........................

29........................... in

31...........................

Oct.

16

12

12

18

on

QQ

25

19

19

17

1ft

20

63

34

<U

41

Qrt

25

OQ

41

°.R

°.n

97

33

1 *>H

61

46

128

7O

527

327

Nov.

198

153

127

106

93

80

85

75

74

7t

65

63

54

CO

A.Q

*1

48

48

50

Mar.

OQ*7

304

OfY4

281

OQl

264

225

235

281

315

111

Apr.

570

760

- 585

390

302

255

315

315

QQA

997

270

229

217

IfiQ

146

145

223

186

207

May.

157

135

119

104

95

90

89

85

80

81

138

101

158

9J.Q

155

124

108

94

83

75

7C

67

June.

68

50

40

34

28

27

24

22

20

37

43

37

sn

23

20

19

19

82

July.

23

28

21

18

16

14

15

14

9.8

9.8

9.6

10

13

11

Aug.

10

9.6

8.6

8.4

9.0

8.8

9.0

11

196

66

43

33

22

67

10

11

11

12

12

Sept.

33

16

13

12

13

19

19

14

14

12

12

14

16

19

14

16

19

32

47

62

107

49

35

54

48

268

257

190

104

83

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from last part of November to about Mar. 20. Waterstage recorder not operating Nov. 20 to Mar. 20, Apr. 10-20, May 5-6,23-31, June 1-12, July 9-25 and Aug. 

15 26.
100

Monthly di

STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

of Dog River at Northfteld, Vt., for the year entiling Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 47 square miles.)

Month.

April...........................................

May...........................................

July.........- .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum!

527 

198

444 

760 

249

196 

268

760

Minimum.

12

145

19 

9.6

8.4 

12

Mean.

63.3 

61.0 

28.0 

17.5 

. 42.5 

'138 

285 

99.2 

39.5 

16.7 

25.3 

53.7

72.3

Per 

square 

mile.

1.35 

1.30 

.596 

.372 

.904 

2.94 

6.06 

2.11 

.840 

.355 

.538 

1.14

1.54

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

^1.56 

1.45 

.69 

.43 

.94 

3.39 

6.76 

2.43 

. .94 

.41 

.62 

1.27

20.89

NOTE. Discharge estimated by comparison with Winoosjki River at Montpelier and "White River at 

West Hartford as follows: Nov. 20-30, 25 second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 28 second-feet; Jan. 1-31,17.5second-feet; 

Feb. 1-28,42.5second-feet;Mar. 1-20,55second-feet;tA.pr. 10-20,240 second-feet; May 23-31, 68 second-feet; 

June 1-12, 51 second-feet; July 9-25,18 second-feet; Aug. 15-26,19 second-feet. Use was also made of three 

discharge measurements obtained during December, January, and February in making estimates of flow 

during the winter.

LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS, VT.

LOCATION. About one-fourth mile below power plant of Morrisville Electric Light & 

Power Co., at what was formerly known as Cadys Falls, 2 miles downstream from 

Morrisville, Lamoille County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 4, 1913, to September 30, 1918. A station was 

maintained at highway bridge near power plant at Cadys Falls from July 28, 

1909, to July 13, 1910.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on right bank one-fourth mile below highway 

bridge at Cadys Falls. Gage heights are referred to gage datum by means of a 

hook gage inside the well; an outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel smooth gravel; well-defined gravel control 500 

feet downstream from gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 10.66 feet at 7.45 p. m. October 30 (discharge, from extension of 

rating curve, about 7,430 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.85 feet at 1 p. m. August 18 (discharge, 52 second-feet).

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded October 30, 1917; minimum stage recorded, 1.82 feet August 17, 1914 (discharge, 50 second-feet).

ICE. River freezes over during extremely cold weather; stage-discharge relation 

slightly affected by ice. Discharge determined from gage heights with corrections for backwater based on current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and 

climatic records.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except for periods during the winter when clock would 

not run on account of extreme cold. Daily discharge ascertained by discharge 

integrator. Records good. '
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE KIVEB. 101

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Dec. 15

Mar. 2

27

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

o2.39

o3.35

03.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

167

397

804

Date.

Apr. 11

11

July 25

Made by -

M T> C3f a/>Vr\n1 a

H.W.Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.42

4.28

2.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,150

1.080

147

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.....:........

2...... ........

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7........ ......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..:...........

14..............

15..-.-...--....

16..............

17..............

18..............

1O

20..............

21..............

22.. ............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

O1

Oct.

385

330

260

430

740

950

640

480

660

495

400

355

780

530

485

720

510

390 iwi

1,000

700

485

405

415

780

640

510

980

820

3,800

4,100

Nov.

1,500

1,020

820

680

610

550

520

455

420

530

445

305

300

330

325

270

240

275

260

300'

330

345

430

345

260

220

220

225

240

Dec.

275

250

230

240

235

230

230

200

210

220

220

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

220

200

190

200

200

200

200

200

220

Jan.

240

200

220

200

240

220

200

200

200

200

190

190

190

190

170

170

170

170

155

155

155

140

140

140

125

125

140

155

190

170

190

Feb.

190

190

200

200

200

220

220

220

240

200

190

. 170

140

140

155

220

240

250

220

290

520

600

540

390

290

440

880

780

Mar.

560

430

370

370

290

270

250

240

450

450

490

430

350

270

270

220

200

^270

* izn

410

600

1,100

1,750

1.250

970

970

840

720

900

1,500

1 QP*A

Apr.

3,150

4,550

2,100

1,520

1,260

1,520

1,760

2,100

1.520

1,160

1 fMfi

990

1,100

1,420

1,740

1.520

1,380

QQO

820

820

1,520

1,460

1,240

940

740

570

700

740

1,080

May.

1,080

990

600

620

495

470

495

440

405

385

800

580

820

2,250

700

680

410

330

325

325

330

720

485

340

250

340

- 380

325

710

ccn

June.

590

630

380

300

265

240

720

550

350

280

820

1,520

800

590

435

290

425

245

140

215

390

410

345

295

255

225

220

230

July.

184

290

300

220

176

170

184

198

184

172

196

164

198

255

275

200

158

174

158

122

95

87

116

124

114

104

99

85

85

162 i4n

Aug.

110

104

100

90

98

116

110

132

465

330

235

174

164

152

162

178

142

114

122

120

144

140

130

104

96

110

112

85

100

104

110

Sept.

196

140

112

114

112

118

130

100

120

120

112

112

112

230

154

136

215

255

330

210

490

335

285

740

770

950

2.500

1.560

540

520

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 10 to Mar. 31; determination of discharge for 

this period based on gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of three discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated Dec. 3, 6-8, and for several short periods 

during the winter.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Monthly discharge ofLamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

April. ............................. '..........

May... ......................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,100 

1.500 

275 

240 

880 

1,950 

4,550 

2,250 

1,520 

300 

465 

2,500

4,550

Minimum.

260 

220 

190 

125 

140 

200 

570 

250 

140 

85 

85 

100

85

Mean.

791 

440 

212 

179 

305 

629 

1,510 

604 

432 

167 

144 

394

483

Per 

square 

mile.

2.82 

1.57 

.757 

.639 

1.09 

2.25 

5.39 

2.16 

1.54 

.596 

.514 

1.41

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.25 

1.75 

.87 

.74 

1.14 

2.59 

6.01 

2.49 

1.72 

.69 

.59 

1.57

23.41

GREEN RIVER AT GARFIELB, VT.

LOCATION. At site of old dam above highway bridge at Garfield village, town of 

Hyde Park, Lamoille County. Green River is tributary to Lamoille River about 4 

miles east of Morrisville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20 square miles (roughly approximate).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 3, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank in pool back of weir; read by P. M. Trescott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Standard sharp-crested weir of compound section; 

length of crest at gage height 0.00 is 9.0 feet; at gage height 0.83 foot, length of 

length of crest is increased ll.lT^eet. Current-meter measurements made at 

footbridge about one-half mile downstream from weir, and at old bridge about 

one-half mile above weir.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A pool of considerable size is formed in the old mill pond 

back of the weir; at ordinary stages the velocity of approach to the weir is very 

small. Some water leaks around the weir in the old tailrace on left bank.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.03 feet at 9 a. m. 

October 31 and 5 p. m. April 2 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 

306 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.29 foot August 28, 30, and 31 (discharge, 4.7 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 3.6 feet at 9 a. m. April 12,1915 (discharge 

from extension of rating curve, about 436 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

0.29 foot August 28, 30, and 31, 1918 (discharge, 4.7 second-feet.)

ICE. Weir and weir crest kept clear of ice during winter; stage-discharge relation 

not affected by ice.

REGULATION. An old timber dam about 2 miles upstream affects flow to some extent. 

The dam leaks by an amount somewhat greater than the low-water flow. During 

prolonged low stages the surface of water in pond (103 acres) falls below crest of 

dam; subsequent increased flow into pond is retained until water again flows over 

crest, when the increased flow is apparent at gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve based 

on weir formula, Q =3.33 LH* with corrections determined from current-meter 

measurements, and with logarithmic extension above gage height 1.90 feet. 

Gage read twice daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

rating table mean daily gage height. Records good below 130 second-feet; 

at the higher stages the weir is flooded and results are somewhat uncertain.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 103

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by C. T. Middlebrook, consulting 

engineer, Albany, N. Y.

Discharge measurements of Green River at Garfield, Ft., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Made by H.W. Pear.}

Date.

July 25 *.................... ..................................... ...................

&.

Feet. 

0.39

.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.9

7.6

o Measurement made at old bridge one-half mile above gage. 

^Measurement made at footbridge one-half mile below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7...... ........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

17

21

27

32

35

51

49

46

49

41

37

33

38

34

35

49

47

37

31

46

60

43

35

34

39

43

38

51

56

130

264

Nov.

126

81

62

47

43

38

34

32

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

23

22

21

21

20

20

21

22

21

22

18

17

17

17

16

Dec.

16

17

17

17

17

15

15

15

16

15

13

13

13

14

14

13

13

13

14

14

14

13

13

13

13

12

12

12

12

11

11

Jan.

11

11

10

10

10

11

11

11

10

9.7

9.3

9.7

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

9.7

9.7

10

10

10

10

10

10

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.7

Feb.

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.3

8.7

8.4

8.4

8.0

8.4

8.7

8.7

9.0

9.7

10

10

10

9.7

9.7

9.7

12

12

11

11

10

10

13

12

12

Mar.

11

11

11

11

12

12

12

12

12

13

14

15

14

14

14

14

14

14

15

17

22

30

34

22

29

43

60

62

65

69

90

Apr.

163

271

286

207

163

138

149

170

172

139

106

91

79

100

159

197

181

163

95

74

78

117

131

110

77

64

69

70

71

74

May.

84

87

68

50

40

34

40

32

30

32

62

58

7.2

210

117

68

49

39

32

28

30

28

33

32

28

26

35

40

40

70

64

June.

63

57

39

26

20

18

27

60

58

32

26

47

98

68

51

38

32

27

25

23

21

23

25

26

26

23

22

- 20

25

20

July.

20

20

19

18

17

16

19

18

19

17

17

17

17

21

18

15

13

10

9.7

9.0

8.4

8.0

7.7

7.4

7.4

7.1

7.1

6.9

6.6

23

16

Aug.

15

14

13

13

13

12

14

14

22

16

14

13

12

12

12

11

11

10

10

9.7

9.3

9.3

8.4

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.2

4.9

5.2

4 7

4.7

Sept.

8.4

6.3

6.0

5.7 6.7

8.7

6.6

6.3

6.0

6.3

6.0

6.0

7.1

8.4

7.1

7.1

11

11

12

13

25

21

22

39

64

RS

188

146

82

51

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Ft., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Month.

December. .....

February......

April...........

Maximum.

264

126

17

11

13 

on

286

Minimum.

17

16

11

9.3

8.0 

11

64

Mean.

AQ Q

31.4

13.9

10.1

9.95

OK A

132 

Month.

May . ....

July............

September.....

Maximum,

210

98

23

22

188

OCA

Minimum.

26is

6.6

4.7

5.7

4.7

Mean.

53.5

35.5

14 0

10.6

28.7

34.6
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

MISSISQtrOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT.

LOCATION. About 3 miles downstream from Richford, Franklin County, 3 miles below 

mouth of North Branch, and 2 miles above mouth of Trout River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 445 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, and June 26, 1911, to 

September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder on left bank, about one-fourth mile above highway bridge; chain gage on highway bridge used from June 26, 1911, to July 31, 

1915. From May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, gage was just below plant of the 

Sweat-Comings Co. in Richford.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; banks not subject to overflow; stream bed 

composed of gravel, boulders, and ledge rock. Control is sharply denned by rock 

outcrop about 100 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during, year, 17.64 feet on April 1 

determined by levels from high-water mark (stage-discharge relation affected by 

ice); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 2.16 feet at 4 p. m. August 30 

discharge, 44 second-feet).

1911-1918: Maximum stage recorded April 1, 1918; minimum stage recorded, 

4.15 feet by chain gage, July 14, 1911 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to March; 

discharge determined from gage heights corrected for backwater by means of 

current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. /

REGULATION. Considerable daily fluctuation at low stages caused by operation of 

power plants at Richford.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined below 6,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory during the year except as indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage height determined by inspecting recorder sheets; determinations for periods for which no record was obtained are based on comparison 

''' with records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage basins. Records good for 

periods when water-stage recorder was in operation, and fair for other periods 

and during the winter.

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 11

Dec. 12

Jan. 30

Mar. 6

Apr. 1

Made by 

.....do...................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.09

o4.26

o4.69

o6.48

a 13. 49

o 13. 69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

809

315

160

760

4,730

4,800

Date.

9

July 24

Aug. 31

31

Made by 

.....do..................

H.W.^ear..... .......

J.W.Moulton. ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.17

7.69

2.91

2.20

2.35

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

3 430

4^090

234

51

84

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21........ .....

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

770

1,140

890

"1,140

1,520

1,680

1,360

1,060

1,200

960

74O

750

770

995

1,140

1,920

1,360

960

830

2,240

1,880

1,200

960

830

1,640

1,880

1,280

1,440

1,800

5,760

6,720

Nov.

5,280

2,590

1,720

1,360

1,100

995

890

830

770

740

680

650

635

565

4%

510

460

Mfl

500

500

575

585

860

740

590

400

350

320

320

350

Dec.

380

600

420

440

420

380

320

280

300

300

300

320

QOft

320

320

280

300

300

300

300

260

230

200

230

300

280

170

170

120

120

120

Jan

185

170

145

isfi

170

170

185

160

82

120

120

120

145

160

220

200

185

185

185

200

185

130

170

120

130

160

170

145

160

130

Feb.

(JO

160

160

1QA

QA

70

120 141;

160

160

170

170

160

130

QO

79

145

600

700

900

Qfift

1,100

1,100

700

410

700

1,150

1,100

Mar.

1,050

1 000

'ofifl

oon

820

760

700

560

CflA

460

420

OCA

00f\

OAA

280

260

260

300

340

380

560

1,500

3,200

2,800

2,400

2,200

1,550

1,050

1,150

1,950

4,000

Apr.

S

oon

9 flflft

8,000

6,720

4,270

3

OQA

3 17A

4,050

3

QAA

3,170

o *MA

1 ftRfl

1,680

1 QQA,

2 440

2.850

2

fiKA

2 QQA

1,880

1,680

1,700

2,500

2,700

1,970

1,480

1,320

1,520

1,600

May.

1,720

1,880

1,720

1,480

1,320

1 240

l',200

1,170

son

710

QQA

1 440

2

' 1AA

2,240

1 640

1 14A

830

710

570

500

K1A

407

325

363

325

310

318

367

363

324

363

June.

400

510

%Q

282

248

91 Z

482

995

RQrt

^QP;

qoo

610

S

Afin

2 840

1 4.RA

995

fiftA

tLAK

AKft

387

324

314

590

1,280

860

536

420

339

339

474

July.

615

620

446

 *?7Q

318

300

268

OA/7

324

314

290

ocfl

339

OCA

fififi

550

480

WV1

500

400

282

234

230

212

170

150

185

152

150

209

541

Aug.

324

OKO

248

186

1 W

1,240

710

575

CAQ

QAA

500

363 091 

OQO

*286

237

200

170

145

132

122

140

100

108

125

125

100

92

102

110

Sept.

456

OAA

240

168

194

979

203

200

168

1 ^9

OAQ

Qf\7

395

343

1,760

1,170

860

1,600

1,84(T

1,170

1,560

1,640

1,360

4600

5,160

3,500

2,200

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Nov. 26 to Apr. 2; determination of discharge 

for this period based on gage heights corrected for effects of ice by means of five discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated for following periods for lack of gage-height 

record: Oct. 12, Nov. 9-10,18-20, Apr. 3,16-17, 21-23, May 11-15, and July 16-21.

Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 445 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

a 720

5', 280 

440 

220 

1,150 

4,000 

9,000 

2,240 

3,060 

860 

1,240 

5,160

9,000

Minimum740 

320 

120 

82 

72 

260 

1,320 

310 

215 

150 

92 

152

72

Mean.

1,580 

893 

287 

157 

415 

1,080 

3,060 

947 

713 

363 

294 

1,120

906

Per

square 

mile.

3.55 

2.00 

.645 

.353 

.933 

2.43 

6.88 

2.13 

1.60 

.816 

.661 

2.52

2.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.09 

2.23 

.74 

.41 

.97 

2.80 

7.68 

2.46 

1.78 

.94 

.76 

2.81

27.67
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

LOCATION. Just below plant of Newport Electric Light Co. at West Derby (Newport), 

Orleans County, about a mile above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles. .,

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1918.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder on right bank; referred to gage datum by a hook gage 

inside the well; chain gage fastened to tree is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading near gage or from highway bridge 

one-half mile downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough and irregular; covered with boulders and 

ledge rock; fall of river rapid for some distance below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

3.70 feet at 11 p. m. April 3 (discharge, 1,280 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

1.87 feet at 5 a. m. September 1 (discharge, 40 second-feet).

1909-1918: High water of March 25-30, 1913, reached maximum stage of 5.8 feet, 

as determined by engineers of Geological Survey from high-water marks (discharge about 6,300 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.60 feet at 5.45 p. m. August 

25, 1913, 7.30 p. m. July 30, and 4.50 p. m. August 17, 1914 (discharge, 17 secondfeet).

ICE. Ice covers large boulders below, gage during greater part of winter and causes 

some backwater. Winter discharge determined from gage heights, currentmeter measurements, observer's notes, and climatic records.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages fully controlled by two dams at West Derby, 

but power plant is so operated that fluctuations in stage are not great. Distribution of flow affected also by several dams above West Derby. Seymour Lake and 

several smaller ponds in the basin afforded a large amount of natural storage, but 

at the present time there is little if any artificial regulation at these ponds.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by ice; individual current-meter mesurements occasionally plot erratically, 

probably because of rough measuring section. Rating curve fairly well denned. 

Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory during a part of the year, as indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table* Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table, using observer's reading of chain 

gage when recorder was not in operation. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 12 

Dec. 13 

Jan. 29 

Mar. 5

M. R. Stackpole..

.....do...........

.....do...........

Gage height 

(feet).

Hook 

gage.

2.64 

« 2.53 

a 2. 15 

2.48

Chain 

gage.

2.55 

« 2. 49 

a 2. 08 

2.42

Dis' 

charge 

(sec.-ft.).

272 

138 

80 

215

Date.

Mar. 28 

29 

July 23 

Sept. 1

M. R. Stackpole.

C. H. Pierce..... 

J. W. Moulton...

Gage height 

(feet).

Hook

gage.

2.32 

2.15

Chain 

gage.

2.70 

2.75 

2.32 

2.15

Discharge 

(sec.-ft.).

357 

385 

157 

98

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2.............. 3........:.....

4..............

5..............

6. .............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

^&. ..............

24. ........... .

25..............

26............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

160

230

220

240

300

360

380

330

315

330

360

310

315-

200

330

342

354

330

336

397

411

397

384

390

404

378

360

378

372

620

onn

Nov.

950

1,060

1,000

850

755

' 620

500

460

411

378

354

336

310

300

280

264

260

256

248

244

244

244

256

248

236

270

280

290

290

280

Dec.

280

260

270

260

210

200

210

175

175

160

120

115

115

110

90

90

90

84

80

80

80

76

72

68

74

76

76

70

68

66

64

Jan.

68

70

80

82

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

82

82

82

80

82

*2

80

78

76

74

72

70

76

70

68

68

70

80

74

72

Feb.

74

70

70

70

70

68

76

64

52

66

78

84

100

112

130

167

143

135

138

198

149

140

140

160

177

180

184

205

Mar.

230

250

250

240

217

205

200

195

184

170

160

145

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

150

180

230

275

310

350

363

370

327

389

^AA

Apr.

389

810

1,220

1,120

1,170

1,060

1,010

910

910

810

1.120

1,010

960

702

655

702

810

810

800

860

810

810

702

655

655

610

760

655

610

610

May.

655

810

860

810

702

610

533

509

478

485

471

525

493

610

655

7H9

655

655

610

541

450

415

402

350

288

304

293

264

255

274

269

June.

255

288

278

264

229

209

211

213

217

221

221

304

408

356

304

^in

299

274

255

225

200

188

191

209

209

233

217

209

205

209

July.

194

194

184

198

167

167

164

155

155

146

149

152

161

264

974

316

304

310

274

245

225

205

191

152

128

119

126

119

107

145

178

Aug.

204

218

222

213

187

175

204

220

245

286

292

280

259

238

182

164

145

128

138

134

105

126

141

191

171

160

145

138

128

76

Sept.

99

96

102

99

nq

102

123

99

100

100

99

99

105

107

138

131

152

160

156

200

218

238

286

322

328

422

540

KK7

565

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26 to Dec. 2. and Dec. 7 to Feb. 13; determination of discharge for these periods based on gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of two discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated for following periods owing to 

lack Of gage-height records: Oct. 1-8, Nov. 7, Feb. 22-24, 28, Mar. 1-4, 6-8,10-12,14-16,18-19, 21-26, Apr. 

19, June 7,20-21, Aug. 8-9,31, and Sept. 9-10.

Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. Sj), 1918.

[Drainage area, 150 square miles.]

Month.

March.... . .........................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

800 

1,060 

280 

82 

205 

x 389 

1,220 

860 

408 

316 

292 

565

1,220

Minimum.

160 

236 

64 

68 

52 

140 

389 

255 

188 

107 

76 

93

52

Mean.

359 

416 

128 

76.7 

. 118 

221 

824 

514 

247 

189 

184 

198

290

Per 

square 

mile.

 2.39 

2.77 

.853 

.512 

.787 

1.47 

5.49 

3.43 

1.65 

1.26 

1.23 

1.32

1.93

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.76 

3.09 

.98 

.59 

.82 

1.70 

6.12 

3.95 

1.84 

1.45 

1.42 

1.47

26.19
INDEX.

A.

Accuracy, degree of.......................... 8

Acre^foot, definition of....................... 6

Amberg, Wis., Pine River at................ 19-20

Appropriations, table of..................... 5

Auburn, N. Y., Owasco Lake outlet near... 64-65 

Ausable Forks, N. Y., Ausable River at...... 90-92

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y...... 90-92

Authorization............................... 5

B. 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis................ 10-12

Barton, Mieh., Huron River at.............. 44-45

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River

N.Y............................ 77-78

Beckman, H. C., work of.................... 10

Bedford,!. G., work of...................... 10

Berlin, Wis., Fox River at.................. 25-26

Black River at Black River, N.Y........... 69-70

near BoonvUle,N. Y.................... 66-68

Black River canal near Boonville, N.Y...... 72-73

Boonville, N. Y., Black River canal near... 72-73 

Black River near........................ 66-68

Forestport feeder near................... 71-72

Brasher Center, N. Y., St. Regis River at.... 86-87

Burchard, E. D., work of.................... 10

Burlington, Vt., Lake Champlain at......... 93-94

C. 

Cadys Falls, Vt., Lamoille River at....... 100-102

Canaseraga Creek at Cumminsville, N. Y.... 58-59

at Groveland Station, N. Y.............. 59-61

at Shakers Crossing, N. Y............... 61-62

 Carson, Max H., work of..................... 10

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N.Y........ 46-48

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt,........... 106-107

Control, definition of......................... 6

Cooperation, statement of.................... 9

Covert, C. C., work of........................ 10

CrMtz, Wis., Peshtigo River at High Falls,

near.........................".... 21-22

Cumminsville, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek at... 58-59

D. 

Data, explanation of......................... 7-8

Definition of terms.......................... 6-7

Discharge, measurement of... I............. 7-8

tables of................................ 7-8

Dog River at Northfleld, Vt................ 98-100

F. 

Fear,H. W., work of........................ 10

Field data, accuracy of...................... 8-9

Flat Rock, Mich., Huron River at........... 45-46

Florence, Wis., Pine River near............. 17-18

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y...... 71-72

Fox River at Berlin, Wis.................... 25-26

at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstown, Wis....................... 27-28

Page. 

Gaging stations, data collected at............ 7-8

distribution of........................... 5-6

location of............................ vin-xm

view of.................................. 8

Garfleld, Vt., Green River at.............. 102-103

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount

Morris,N.Y.................... 54-55

at Rochester, N. Y...................... 56-57

at St. Helena, N.Y...................... 52-53

atScio, N. Y............................ 50-51

Gile, Wis., West Branch of Montreal River at. 13-14 

Gillett, Wis., Oconto River near............. 23-24

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich ........ 42-43

Green River at Garfield,Vt-.............. 102-103

Groveland Station, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek

at............................... 59-61

H.

Harrisville, N. Y., West Branch of Oswegatchie River near............... 82-84

Hartwell, O. WN work of.................... 10

Harvey, 111., Little Calumet River at........ 40-41

Hearn, Hope, work of....................... 10

Heuvelton, N. Y., Oswegatchie River near.. 81-82 

Hoyt, W. G., work of........................ 10

Huron River at Barton, Mich............... 44-45

atFlatRock.Mich...................... 45-46

I. 

Ironwood, Mich., Montreal River at......... 12-13

J. 

James, W. A., work of....................... 10

K.

Keshena, Wis., Wolf River at......"......... 29-30

Keshequa Creek at Craig Colony, Sonyea,

N.Y............................ 62-64

Koss, Mich., Menominee River below........ 14-16

L.

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.......... 93-94

Lake Erie, streams tributary to............... 44-48

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N.Y.......... 92-93

Lake Michigan, streams tributary to......... 14-42

Lake Ontario, streams tributary to.......... 48-78

Lake Superior, streams tributary to......... 10-14

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt........: 100-102

Linden, N. Y., Little Tonawanda Creek at... 48-50 

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111......... 40-41

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.... 48-50

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis......... 33-34

' 109
110 INDEX.

M.

Menominee River below Koss, Midi......;.. 14-16

Middlebury, Vt., Otter Creek at .......*...... 94-96

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis...... 38-39

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt........ 104-105

Montpelier, Vt., Winooski River at.......... 96-98

Montreal River at Ironwood, Mich.......... 12-13

West Branch of, at Gile, Wis. ........... 13-14

Moose River at Moose River. N. Y.......... 74-75

Middle Branch of, at Old Forge, N. Y... 76-77 

Moulton, J. W., work of..................... 10

Mount Morris, N. Y., Genesee River at Jones

Bridge, near..................... 54-55

N.

New London, Wis., Wolf River at........... 31-32

Newton Falls, N. Y., East Branch of Oswegatchie River at.................... 79-80

Northfleld, Vt., Dog River at............... 98-100

O.

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis.............. 23-24

Odanah, Wis., Bad River near.............. 10-12

Old Forge, N. Y., Middle Branch of Moose

Riverat......................... 76-77

Onondaga Creek, West Branch of, at South

Onondaga, N.Y................. 66

Oswegatchie River, East Branch of, at Newton Falls, N. Y.................. 79-80

near Heuvelton, N. Y.................... 81-82

West Branch of, near Harrisville, N. Y.. 82-84 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.............. 94-96

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y..... 64-65

P.

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz,

Wis............................. 21-22

Peterson, B. J., work of..................... 10

Pierce, C. H., work of....................... 10

Piercefleld, N. Y., Raquette River at........ 84-86

Pine River at Amberg, Wis................. 19-20

near Florence, Wis...................... 17-18

Plattsburg, N. Y., Saranac River near....... 88-90

Publications, availability of.................. IH-IV

lists of............................... iv-xxxn

R.

Page. 

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y......... 84-86

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses

Point, N. Y..................... 87-88

Richford, Vt., Missisquoi River near....... 104T105

Rochester, N. Y., Genesee River at.......... 56-57

Rogers Rock, N. Y., Lake George at......... 92-93

Rouses Point, N. Y., Richelieu River at Fort

Montgomery.................... 87-88

Royalton, Wis., Little Wolf River at......... 33-34

Run-off, definition of........................ 6

St. Helena, N. Y., Genesee River at......... 52-53

St. Lawrence River, streams tributary to... 79-107 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y..... 86-87

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y........ 88-90

Scio, N. Y., Genesee River at................ 50-51

Second-foot, definition of.................... 6

Shakers Crossing, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek at. 61-62 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis...... 36-37

Smith, L. L., work of....................... 10

Sonyea, N. Y., Keshequa Creek at Craig Colony. ............................ 62-64

Soule", S. B., work of........................ 10

South Onondaga, N. Y., West Branch of

Onondaga Creek at.............. 66

Stackpole, M. R., work of................... 10

Stage-discharge relation, definition of........ 6

Versailles, N. Y., Cattaraugus Creek at........ 46-48

W.

Wahl, A. M., work of........................ 10

Wahl, H. S., work of........................ 10

Waupaca River near Waupaca, Wis......... 35-36

West Derby, Vt., Clyde River at.......... 106-107

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt........... 96-98

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis................. 29-30

at New London, Wis.................... 31-32

Wrightstown, Wis., Fox River at Rapide

Croche dam, near............... 27-28
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATEB RESOURCES

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigations of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features, as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River

. basin.

B, Snake River basin. 

C, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent- of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish list giving prices.

125832° 2fr-wsp 474 8 m
IV SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Chicago, 111.", 1404 Kimball Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building. '

Topeka, Kans., Room 23, Federal Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 313 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona.

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building.

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 602 Federal Building.

Honolulu," Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained 

by applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey,

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at about 4,500 points in 

the United States, and the data obtained have been published in the 

reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt. 2. ...........

llthA,pt.2. ...........

12th A, pt. 2............

13th A, pt. 3. ...........

14th A, pt. 2......:.....

B 131...................

16th A, pt. 2............

B140. ..................

W 11...................

W 15...................

19th A, pt. 4............

W27... ................

W28.. .................

Character of data.

....do.........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights,eastern United 

Stat3s, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gageheights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte , and western 

United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Year.

1884 to September, 1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31. 

1893. 

1893 and 1894. 

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.
STKEAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

20thA,pt.4. ...........

W35to39. ............

21stA,pt. 4.... .........

W47to 52. .............

22dA,pt.4. ............

W 66 66

w 75! ...................

W82to85. .............

W97tolOO. ............

W124tol35. ...........

W 165 to 178............

W201to214. ...........

W241to252. ...........

W261 to 272. ...........

W281 to 292.. ...........

W 301 to 312............

W321to332. ...........

W351to862. ...........

W381to394. ...........

W401to414. ...........

W431to444. ...........

W451to464. ...........

"W 471 tn4£4

Character of data.

....do.....--.----.---.-.-.-.............-.........-...........

....dO.......-.-.-.......--........................-.---.--.-..

....do.........................................................

....dO.........................................................

....do.........................................................

... .do. ..........................................................

....do.........?........................--.-........-.......-..

....do.....--..-.-.-..----.-.-.-...-..-....-.......---.-.......

....do.........................................................

....do.........................................................

....dO.........................................................

....do.........................................................

....do.........................................................

....do.........................................................

Year.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

1918.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1918. The data for any particular station will, as a rule, be found in 

the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias Kiver at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1918, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, ?01, 

241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, 451; and 471, which contains records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1918. Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the mam stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the* source to the mouth of the 

Main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and 

in the records for the large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the 

streams in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross 

back and forth over the lake surface.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899«....

1900?....

1901......

1902......

1903......

1904

1905

1906

1907-8....

1909

1910

1Q11 lyii .,_._.

1912

1913......

1914 ......

1915......

1916......

1917......

1918.....

I

North

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35

47, ft 48

65,75

82

97

» 124, o 125,

P 126

» 165, o 166,

2>167

» 201, o 202,

Z>203

241

261

281

301

321

351

381

401

431

451

471

II

South

slope 

and 

eastern 

Gulf 

of Mexico 

(James 

River to

the Mississippi).

b 35, 36

48

65,75

B 82, 83

 697,98

P 126, 127

P 167,' 168

P 203, 204

242

262

282

QflO ou^

322

352

382

402

432

452

472

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48, < 49

65,75

83

98

128

169

205

243

263

283

qnq

QUO

323

353

383

403

433

453

473

IV

Qf ot.

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36

49

65,75

*82,83

97

129

170

206

244

264

284

304

324

354

384

404

434

454

474

V

Hudson

Bay and 

upper 

Mississippi 

River 

basins.

* 36

49

* 65, 66, 75

*83,85

*98,99, 100

* 128, 130

171

207

245

265

285

305

325

355

385

405

435

455

475

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

e 36, 37

49, i 50

66,75

84

99

130, 9 131

172

208

246

266

286

306

326

356

386

406

436

456

476

VII

Lower 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37

50

* 65, 66, 75

*83,84

*98,99

* 128, 131

* 179, 173

* 205, 209

247

267

287

307

327

357

387

407

437

457

477

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37

50

66,75

84

QQ yy

132

174

210

248

268

288

308

328

358

388

408

438

458

478

Co

R

b

d 

175

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

e G'allatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report.Part IV.

ft Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

i Loup and Platte r

Platte.

* Tributaries of Mis

l Lake Ontario and 

"» Hudson Bay only

« New England riv

o Hudson River to 

P Susquehanna Riv

i Platte and Kansa

r Great Basin in Ca

* Below^unction wi

t Rogue, Umpqua, 
PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The St. Lawrence River basin includes streams which drain into 

the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. The principal streams 

flowing directly or indirectly into Lake Superior from the United 

States are St. Louis, Ontonagon, Dead, and Carp rivers; streams 

flowing into Lake Michigan are. Escanaba, Mendminee, Peshtigo, 

Oconto, Fox, St. Joseph, and Grand rivers; into Lake Huron flow 

Thunder Bay, Ausable, Rifle, and Saginaw rivers; into Lake Erie 

flow Huron, Maumee, Sandusky, Black, and Cuyah'oga rivers. 

Streams flowing into Lake Ontario are Genesee, Oswego, Salmon, 

and Black rivers. The St. Lawrence receives Oswegatchie and 

Raquette rivers, Richelieu River (the outlet of Lake Champlain), 

and St. Francis River, whose principal tributary, Clyde River, reaches 

it through Lake Memphremagog. The streams of this basin drain 

wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, 

New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, this part contains a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by State and other organizations. (See

pp. xvii-xviii.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash following a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1918. Period 

after date indicates discontinuance.

 Streams tributary to Lake Superior: 

Brule River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Devil Track River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Cascade River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Poplar.River at Lutsen, Minn., 1911-1917. 

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., 1911-1914. 

St. Louis River near Cloquet, Minn., 1903. 

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., 1909-1915.

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., 1909-1912.

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., 1912-1917.

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., 1909-1917. 

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., 1914-1916. 

Brule River near Brule, Wis., 1914-1917. 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis., 1914- 

Montreal River at Ironwood, Mich., 1918-

West Branch of Montreal River at Gile, Wis., 1918- 

Ontonagon River near Rockland, Mich., 1903. 

Sturgeon River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Perch River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Dead River near Negaunee, Mich., 1902-3. 

Dead River at Forestville, Mich., 1898-1902. 

Carp River near Marquette, Mich., 1902-3. vn
VIII SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 190.8, PAET IV.

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan:

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., 1903-1915.

Brule River (head of Menominee River) near Florence, Wis.. 1914-1916.

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., 1902-1914.

Menominee River at Lower Quinnesec Falls, Wis., 1898-99.

Menominee River at Koss, Mich., 1902-1909; 1914.

Menominee River below K.OSS, Mich., 1913-

Iron River near Iron River, Mich., 1900-1905.

Pine River near Florence, Wis., 1914-

Pike River at Amberg., Wis., 1914- 

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis., 1912- 

Peshtigo River near Crivitz, Wis., 190&-1909. 

Peshtigo River at Crivitz, Wis., 1906. 

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., 1906-1909; 1914- 

Oconto River at Stiles, Wis., 1906. 

Fox River at Berlin, Wis., 1918- 

Fox River at Omro, Wis., 1902-3. 

Fox River at Oshkosh, Wis., 1902. 

Fox River at Wrightstown, Wis., 1902-1904. 

Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis., 1896-

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., 1907-1909; 1911-

Wolf River at White House Bridge, near.Shawano, Wis., 1906-7.

Wolf River at Darrows Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906.

Wolf River at New London, Wis., 1913-

Wolf River at Northport, Wis., 1905.

Wolf River at Winneconne, Wis., 1902-3.

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., 1911-1917. 

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., 1914- 

Little Wolf River near Northport. Wis., 1907-1910. 

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis. 1916-17. 

Waupaca River near Waupaca, Wis., 1917-

Fond du Lac River, West Branch (head of Fond du Lac River), at Fond du 

Lac, Wis., 1903.

East Branch of Fond du Lac River at Fond du Lac, Wis., 1903. 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., 1916- 

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., 1914- 

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111., 1916- 

St. Joseph River at Mendon, Mich., 1902-1905. 

St. Joseph River near Buchanan, Mich., 1901-1906.

Fawn River at White Pigeon, Mich., 1903-4. 

Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Mich., 1901-1907.

Reeds Springs near Albion, Mich., 1904-1906. 

Grand River at North Lansing, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., 1901-

Crockery Creek at Slocums Grove, Mich., 1902-3. 

* Red Cedar River at Agricultural College, Mich., 1902-3. 

Muskegon River at Newaygo, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Manictee River near Sherman, Mich., 1903-1916. 

Boardman River at Traverse City, Mich., 1904. 

Streams tributary to Lake Huron:

Thunder Bay River near Alpena, Mich., 1901-1908. 

Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich., 1908-1914. 

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., 1902-1913. 

Rifle River near Sterling, Mich., 1905-1908.
GAGING STATIONS. IX

Streams tributary to Lake Huron Continued. 

Rifle River at Omer, Mich., 1902-3.

Shiawassee River (head of Saginaw River): x 

Flint River at Flint, Mich., 1903-4. 

Cass River at Frankenmuth, Mien.,* 1908-9. 

Cass River at Bridgeport, Mich., 1908. 

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., 1903-1909; 1912-

Streams tributary to Lake Erie: , 

Huron River at Dover, Mich., 1904. 

Huron River at Dexter, Mich., 1904-1916. 

Huron River at Barton, Mich., 1914- 

Huron River at Geddes, Mich., 1904-1914. 

Huron River at French Landing, Mich., 1904-5. 

H-iron River at Flat Rock, Mich., 1904- 

Maumee River near Sherwood, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Maumee River near Waterville, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

St. Joseph River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

Tiffin River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Auglaize River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903. 

' Ottawa River at Lima, Ohio, 1902-3.

Blanchard River at Ottawa, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio, 1898-1900. 

Sandusky River at Fremont, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Independence, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Cleveland, Ohio, 1903. 

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., 1910- * 

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario: 

Niagara River:

Tonawanda Creek:

Little Tonawanda Creek.near Linden, N. Y., 1912- 

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., 1916- 

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., 1908- 

Genesee River at Mount Morris, N. Y., 1905-1909. 

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 1903-1906; 1908-1913; -

1915- 

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 1904-

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., 1910-1912; 1915-1917. 

Canaseraga Creek at Cumminsville, N. Y., 1917- 

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., 1915- 

Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., 1915-

Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y., 1910-1912; 1917- 

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., 1915-1917.' 

Hemlock Lake at Hemlock, N. Y., 1894-1902.

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., 1903- 

Honeoye Creek at East Rush, N. Y., 1903-1906.

Seneca River (head of Oswego River) at Baldwinsville, N. Y., 1898-1908. 

Oswego River at Fulton, N. Y., 1900; 1902. 

Oswego River at Battle Island, above Minetto, N. Y., 1900-1906. 

Oswego River at high dam, near Oswego, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Seneca Lake at Geneva, N. Y., 1905-6. 

Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, N. Y., 1905-1908. 

Fall Creek near Ithaca, N. Y., 1908-9.
X SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued.

Streams tributary to Oswego River Continued. 

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y., 1912- 

Skaneateles Lake at Skaneateles, N. Y., 1890-91. 

Skaneatelee Lake outlet at Willow Glen, N. Y., 1892-1908. 

Skaneateles Lake outlet at Jordan, N. Y., 1890-1892. 

Onondaga Lake outlet at Long Branch, N. Y.,, 1904. 

, West Branch of Dnondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y., 1&16-

Fish Creek, East Branch (through Oneida Lake, head of Oneida River), at

Point Rock, N. Y., 1898-99.

Oneida River at Brewerton, N. Y., 1899. x 

Oneida River at Oak Orchard, near Euclid, N. Y., 1902-1909. 

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y., 1910-1913. 

Fish Creek:

West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnelsville, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Oneida Creek at Kenwood, N. Y., 1898-1900. ' 

Chittenango Creek at Chittenango, N. Y., 1901-1906. 

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y., 1911-1913. 

Salmon River near Pulaeki, N. Y., 1900-1908; 1910-1914.

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., 1911-1916. 

Black River near Boonville, N. Y., 1911- 

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., 1902-1913. 

BJ,ack River at Black River, N. Y., 1917-

Black River at Huntingtonville dam, near Watertown, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., 1900-

Middle Branch of Modse River at Old Forge, N. Y., 1911- 

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., 1908- 

Beaver River at Croghan, N. Y/, 1901-1903. 

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River:

Oswegtachie River, East Branch (head of Oswegatchie River), at Newton Falls,

N. Y., 1912-

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y., 1916- 

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1903-1916.

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y., 1916- 

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Cdreys, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., 1908- 

Raquette River at South Col ton, N. Y., 1904. 

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y. } 1903-1916. 

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., 1910-

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works (railroad atation), Ironton, N. Y., 1912-1916. 

Chateaugay River near Chateaugay, N. Y., 1908. 

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 1875- 

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., 1907- 

Big Chazy River at Moors, N. Y., 1908. 

Saranac River at Saranac Lake, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., 1903- 

Ausable River, West Branch, near Newman, N. Y., 1916-1917. 

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., 1910- 

Ausable River at Keeseville, N. Y., 1904 and 1908.
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River Continued. 

Streams tributary to Richelieu River Continued. 

Boquet River at Willsboro, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y., 1913- 

Lake George outlet at Ticonderoga, N. Y., 1904-5. 

Poultney River at Fairhaven, Vt., 1908.

Mettawee River at Whitehall, N. Y., 1908. 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910-

East Creek near Rutland, Vt., 1911-1913.

Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914. 

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909- 

Winooski River at Richmond, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Winooski River near Winooski, Vt., 1903.

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914.

Dog River at Northfield, Vt., 1909-

Dog River near Montpelier Junction, Vt., 1910.

Mad River at Moretown, Vt., 1910.

Little River near Waterbury, Vt., 1910.

Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt., 1910. 

Lamoille River at Morrisville, Vt., 1909-10. 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, near Morrisville, Vt., 1913- 

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., 1910-1913. 

Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., 1903.

Green River at Garneld, Vt., 1915- 

Missisquoi River at Richford, Vt., 1909-10. 

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 1911- 

Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., 1903.

St. Francis River (by way of Lake Memphremagog and Magog River): 

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., 1909-
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN. 1

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water- supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Watersupply papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Continued in No. 26.)

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; gives many well 

sections.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

No. 24 contains descriptions of the priricipal rivers of New York and their more important 

tributaries and data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

No. 25 contains discussion of water-storage projects on Genesee and Hudson Rivers, power 

development at Niagara Falls, description and early history of State canals, and a chapter 

on the use and value of the water powers of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the 

water yield of sand areas of Long Island.

*26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 

64 pp. 5c.

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; contains many well 

sections.

30.- Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 

97 pp., 7pls.

Describes lake and river transportation and navigation, water powers and domestic water 

supplies; discusses climate, topography, geology, and well waters; compares quality and quantity of waters.

*31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Treats of economic value of mineral waters and discussion and classification of analyses; contains analyses of waters of Lake Superior and of smaller lakes and rivers and of well waters from 

various geologic formations; also sanitary condition of drinking waters.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Darten. 1902. 60pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 to 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second, revised", edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.).

91. The natural features and economic development of the Sandusky, Maumee, 

Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. and M. S. Flynn. 

1904. 130 pp. lOc.

Describes the topography, geology, and soils of the areas, and discusses stream flow, dams, 

water powers, and public water supplies.

1 For stream-measurement reports, see tables on pp. iv, v, vi. 

XEf
PUBLICATIONS. XIII

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c. ' . .

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and of lower Michigan. The report 

comprises tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth yield, head, 

etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use 

and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. Superseded by 152. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of Eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains:

~ Water resources of the WatMns Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr; pp. 134-140. 

Discusses the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality 

as indicated by examination of Sixmile and Fall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water 

at Ithaca.

New artesian water supply at Ithaca, New York, by F. L. Whitney, pp. 55-64.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows:

Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Lower Michigan; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; Indiana, by Frank Leverett; New York, by F. B. Weels; Ohio, by 

Frank Leverett.

Each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, the relation of the geology 

to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists also principal mineral springs.

121. Preliminary report on the pollution of Lake Champlain, by M. O. Leighton. 

1905. 119 pp., 13 pis. 20c.

Describes the lake and principal inflowing streams and discusses the characteristics of the 

water and the wastes resulting from the manufacturing processes by which the waters are 

polluted. Discusses also the effect of mill waste on algse, bacteria, and fish.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Cites legislative acts relating to ground waters in Michigan and Wisconsin.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams 

and wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern Unites States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220pp., 6 pis. lOc

Contains three brief reports pertaining chiefly to areas in the St. Lawrence River basin:

Two unusual types of artesian flow, by Myron L. Fuller. Describes (1) artesian flows from 

uniform, unconfined sand on Long Island, N. Y., and in Michigan; and (2) flow from jointed 

upper portions of limestone and other rocks in southeastern Michigan.

Water resources of the Catatonk area, New York, by E. M. Kindle. Describes topography 

and geology of areas southeast of Finger Lake region, New York, including part of city of Ithaca; 

discusses briefly the artesian wells of Ithaca, the quality of the spring water at several small 

towns, and of the streams used for municipal supplies and for power.

A ground-water problem in southeastern Michigan, by Myron L. Fuller. Discusses causesof failure of wells in certain areas in southeastern Michigan in 1904 and the applications of the 

conclusions to other regions.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes flood on Grand River, Mich. (from report of R. E. Horton), discussing streams 

precipitation, and temperature, discharge, damage, and prevention of future damage.
XIV SURFACE WATER-SUPPLY, 1918, PART TV.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with addi- 

. tions; by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties) the location, depth, diameter, yield, 

height oi water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more iji depth; includes all wells listed 

in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution .of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 140pp. lOc.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New 

York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 

25c.

Describes, by river systems, the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall, and run-off, water 

powers and dams.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Contains brief report entitled " Flowing well districts in the eastern part of the northern 

peninsula of Michigan," by Frank Leverett.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods on Sixmile Creek and Cayuga Inlet, N. Y. (in 1857,1901, and 1905) 

and on Grand River, Mich., and estimate of flood discharge and frequency for Genesee River; 

gives index to literature on floods in American streams.

*182. Plowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 

5 pis. 50c.

*183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions 

of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1907. 

393 pp., 5 pis. 50c.

Nos. 182 and 183 describe in general the geographic features, water-bearing formations, drainage, quality of water, and subterranean-water temperature, and give details concerning water 

supplies by counties. The report contains many analyses.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp-.,

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analyticalresults; gives results of analyses of waters of Lake Superior 

and Lake Michigan, Kalamazoo and'Grand rivers, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Maumee River and 

St. Lawrence and Oswegatchie rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp.,

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples of 

water, and discusses each river in detai Iwith reference to its source, course, and quality of water 

includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.
PUBLICATIONS. XV

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 

279 pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction andlifting devices; discusses in detail, for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology, and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives record of wells and analyses of water. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effects of the constituents on .waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification and chemical composition; many analyses and field

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of water from Caledonia Spring, New York, and from the Quincy mine, 

Mich.

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1917. 16 pp., 32 pis. 45c.

Contains brief description of general features of drainage of Wisconsin and of the rivers surveyed, but consists chiefly of mapsshowing "not only the outlines of the river banks, theislsthds, 

the positions of rapids, falis, shoals, and existing dams, and the crossings of allferries and roads, 

but the contours of banks to an elevation high enough to indicate the possibility of using the 

stream." 

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was alsoissued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT or DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Annual reports 1 to 26 are royal octavo; later reports are octavo.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters,including minerals prings and artesian wells.

% 

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 3 parts in 4-vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108-113. Describes 

the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, 

Kankakee, Fox,Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, 

Rock River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries of the Wabash: discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, 

the wells supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian 

well data and water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Report, United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Charles D. 

Walcott, Director. 1897. 5 parts in 6 volumes. *Pt. IV. Hydrography, x, 

756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33-37. Describes Wabash, WMtewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, and 

' Beaver rivers and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams discharging 

into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the Upper Mississippi through the 

- Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper artesian 

wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs and gives 

analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for water works, 

and of cities and villages using shallow and deep wel 1 waters; discusses the source and quality 

of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Pts. II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 volumes and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV. Hydrography. $1.85. 

Contains:

*The rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orton, pp. 633-717, pis. 71-73. Describes the principal geologic formations of Ohio and the waters from the different strata; discusses the flowing 

wells at various points and the artesian wells of the deep prelacial channels in Alien, Auglaize, 

and Mercer counties: discusses city and village supplies; gives analyses of waters from various 

formations.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs are of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be obtained from the Geological 

Survey or from the Superintendent of Documents at the prices given. An asterisk (*) indicates that the 

Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. (See Finding lists, pp. 89,118.)

41. Glacial formations and drainage features cf the Erie and Ohio basins, by Frank 

Leverett. 1902. 802 pp., 26 pis. $1.75.

Treats of an area extending westward from Genesee Valley in New York across northwestern 

Pennsylvania and Ohio, central and southern Indiana, and southward from Lakes Ontario 

and Erie to Allegheny and Ohio rivers.

BULLETIN'S.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*264, Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate wellrecords to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania,' and Wisconsin, and detailed record of wells in Onondaga County, N. Y., and Hancock and Wood counties, 

Ohio. These wells were selected because they gave definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Cook County, 111.; Erie County, N. Y.; 

Ottawa, Sandusky, and Summit counties, Ohio; and Manitowoc County, Wis. The wells of 

which detailed sections are given were_ selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology

1 Index maps showing areas in the St. Lawrence basin covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the director U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, 

D. C.
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth of underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They will be sold at 

the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate 

applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library 

edition of Folio 186. The library editio'n of Folios 185,187, and higher numbers sells 

for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers 

sells for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios in 

the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection 

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*81. Chicago, Illinois-Indiana.

Describes an area embracing not only the immediate site of the city but adjacent parts of 

Cook, Dupage, and Will counties, 111.; gives an account of the water power, discusses the quality 

of the waters, and gives analyses of waters from artesian wells; gives'also a list of papers relating 

to the geology and paleontology of the area.

*140. Milwaukee special, Wisconsin, 5c.

Gives analyses of spring waters and of artesian water in Milwaukee; also tabulated data concerning wells.

155. Ann Arbor, Mich. 25c.

Discusses the present lakes, the lakes of the glacial period, and under "Economic geology," 

the water resources, including the use of the rivers for power and of the underground waters, 

shallow and artesian, for city and village supplies; discusses the quality of the waters, and gives 

details by townships.

*169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York.

Includes discussion of water supply at Ithaca.

190. Niagara, N. Y. 50c. either edition.

Gives analyses of mineral water from well at Akron; discusses briefly the municipal supplies 

of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Tonawanda, La Salle, and Youngstown, and the use of Niagara River 

for power development.

205. Detroit, Mich. 50c. either edition.

Discusses surface and ground waters; gives mineral analyses of water from Lake Huron, from 

rivers near Detroit, and from salt wells.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the St, Lawrence River basin are the reports of the Chief of Engi-
XVin SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART - IV.

neers, United States Army, the State Geological Survey of Illinois, 

the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, the New York State Conservation Commission 

and State Water-Supply Commission, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 16). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pubs. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909. .

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles W. 

Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the Sanitary and Ship canal 

of Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States, 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. 

Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Kept., 1901. 

 Reports of the water resources investigation of Minnesota, by the State Drainage 

Commission, 1909-1912.

Water powers of Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey 

Bull. 20, 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers, 

1915.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by George W. Rafter: New York State Mus. 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Many of these reports can be obtained from the various commissions, and probably all can be consulted in the public libraries of the 

larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC

INTEREST.

REPORTS OF GENERAL

The following list comprises reports that 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide 

gation:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPEB.S

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, wat 

also, storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until ni

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intennitten 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France

1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

r wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

eisded for irrigation.

100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. G. Murphy. 189

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills duri 

of Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions

. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

ing the summer of 1896 in the vicinity

1899,

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts usec 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types,

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, 

type^, and discusses results.

**22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter.

Gives resume1 of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses po 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, valu 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains* I ibliography 

sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, I 

72 pp., 14 pis.

*42. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tists with

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp. 

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United Ste 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. " (See No.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United 

ming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, 

ings more than 400 feet deep; under head " Remarks'' 

ture, quality of water, purpose of boring, etc. The list; 

are arranged alphabetically. A second, 

Paper 149 (q. v.). 5c.

125832° 20 WSP 474 9

,re not readily classifiable 

ge of hydrologic investi-

; filtration and by irrigation; describes 

and sewage purification in the United

in irrigation, by O. P. Hood,

899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

makes comparisons of wheels of several

i. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c. 

lution of certain streams, experiments 

of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

of publications relating to

art I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901.

Pirt II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901,

windmills of various types. 

and pipes, by Samuel Fortier,

12 pis. 15c.

See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.

tes, Part 1 (Alabama-Montana), 

49.) 5c.

States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyodiazieter, yield, and head of water in borgives information concerning temperaare arranged by States, and the States 

revised edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply

XIX
XX . SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis.

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged, edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902, 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motion of underground water; surface and deep 

zones of flow and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the 

shape and position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well; 

describes artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect

on inland-water resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. We.

Defines "normal'' and "polluted'' waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. 0. Leighton. 

1903. 192pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters^ the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, ajid the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly, "a review of the more readily available records'' of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and 

Ohio River basins; contains many analyses.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis-. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, complied by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains, in addition to an account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] 

branch of the United States Geological Survey and the reports of the conference, the following 

papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by 

E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc. 

Givesinstructions for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged, edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goedell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.
PUBLICATIONS.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern Un 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis.

Contains the following reports of general interest, 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring tl e velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles 8. Sliehter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction,

Approximate methods of measuring the yield i

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of fli 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by 8. W. McCalNotes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams b 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography 

about Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells and of s:

 *114. Underground'waters of eastern United States; ] 

1905. 285pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on "Occurrence of underground wat 

amount, and temperature of waters, 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and 

flows, and general conditions affecting underground

rs," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

, water-bearing 

pumps, essential conditions of artesian 

waters in eastern United States.

permeability and storage capacity of rocks,

. 119.'Index to the hydrographic progress reports < 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. 

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers rela

lished by the United States Geological Survey 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D

Defines and classifies underground waters, 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement 

Sliehter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Calif, 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes sto

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a w< 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows: 

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser spring 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hy Irographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and

XXI

ted States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

lOc. 

he scope of each paper in indicated by

., by Charles S. Sliehter. 

ring wells, by Charles S. Sliehter. 

w from vertical wellcasings, from notes

sewage and by trade wastes, describes 

arious experiments in disposing of the 

, drainage, and geology of the region 

;treams by waste oil and brine.

il. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

f the United States Geological 

D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

ing to underground waters pub- 

, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller.

. W. Johnson*-1905. 55pp. 5c. 

gives comi non-law rules relating to their use, and

if underground'waters, by C. S.

des Bribes measurements of underflow in Rio 

and on Long Island, N. Y., gives results 

vepipe method of welFconstruction.

'orking scale, by J. H. Quinton.

United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

lOc.

Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

rells in southern Michigan. 

i, by Myron L. Fuller. 

i, by Myron L. Fuller.

Reclamation Service, with 

Newell, chief engineer. 1905.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest: 

% Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunnelling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by K. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by E. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means. i

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Boss.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozenseason, by F. H. Tillinghast..

*147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yieldfcheight 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes * 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 pp., 

38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States- 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. 

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104

PP-, 1 pl.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluoresceinin the study of underground waters, by E. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp. and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXm

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatments! slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp. , 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C.-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made 

' . atShelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio/and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acid 

iron wastes, and other .processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard wastes, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of amount 

and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of The. State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by R. E. 

Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes the manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work 

leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: D istribution of rainfall,

. by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall;

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76^pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R.'B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement and the French department of agriculture, 

and gives re'sume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United. States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative 

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells 

and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.-

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and of costs sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground-water papers. 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. 0. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest:

Drainage of wells, by M. L. FuEer.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller.

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson.

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller.

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. Clapp, 

with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 

1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, 

the source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; give details 

by counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression of results, mineral constitutents, effect of the constitutents on waters for domestic, industrial 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 264 (Tbe 

underground waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Rio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo rivers.

*315. The purification of public water supplies,- by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp.; 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in.the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis 20c. 

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.
PUBLICATIONS, v XXV

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by Williain Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c.

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181pp., 9 pis.

(c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84. '

(e) A method of correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow by 

C. H. Pierce, pp. 131-139.

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch in December, 1914.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a biblography, by Arthur J. 

Ellis. 1917. 59pp. lOc.

A brief paper published " merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquires that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.

427. Biblography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by 0. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169 pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phase of the subject of ground water or any subject directly applicable to ground water. Illustrated by map showing reports that cover specific areas more or less thoroughly.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis.' $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125-173. 

PI. 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 375-561, pis. 107-146. See Water-Supply Paper 87.
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts.II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. 111-145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief history of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; 

discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of 

supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Be'port of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 

vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v, 958 pp., 127 pis. $2.65. Contains:

^ *Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6-16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the depth 

to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of ground 

waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental 

investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous media, and through sand, 

sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes result 

of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of rivers 

rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pis. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives detailof conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoothee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawaba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp. 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Gal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a" memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining o/ earlier decades, the Similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation oi the erosion of the soil, and 

the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests 

cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy J oads of debris.
PUBLICATIONS. XXVII 

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as as 

available.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describe the general methods of work; give 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller, 1908. 

44 pp. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted Sirectly from 

the results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, 

silica in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and 

St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

616. The data of geochemistry (third edition), by F. W. Clarke, 1916. 821 pp. 

45c.

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the statement and interpretation of water analyses and a chapter on "Mineral wells and springs" (pp. 

179-216). Discusses the definition and classification of mineral waters, changes in the composition of water, deposits of calcareous, ocherous, and siliceous materials made by water, 

vadose and juvenile waters, *and thermal springs in relation to volcanism. Describes the different kinds of ground water and gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliography of 

papers containing water analyses.
INDEX BY AKEAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A= Annual Report; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper;

G F= Geologic folio.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions...................... A 5; B 319; W 67, 114

Bibliographies 1 .............................................. W 119,120,163,427

Chemical analyses:2 Methods and interpretation. .W 151,236,259,274,364; B 479,616 

Conservation.....'................................................... W 234, 400a

Debris reports............................................................. P 86,105

Denudation.....*......................................................... P 72,105

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods.. P 86; W 1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95,110,143,146,

150,180, 187, 200, 257, 337, 345 e, 371, 375 c, e, and/, 400 c and d, 425 c

Floods............................................................ W 147,162, 334

Illinois: Quality of waters........................ A 17 ii; W 194,236, 239; G F 81

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii; W 236, 239; G F 81

Underground waters................ A 17 ii; B 264,298; W 57,114,149; G F 81

India: Irrigation.................................... 4 .............. A 12 ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters..................................... A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters........................................ W 147; M xli; G F 81

Underground waters.... A 18 iv; B 264,298; W 21,26,57,114,149, 254; G F 81

Ice measurements................................................ W 146,187, 337

Irrigation, general........................ A 12 ii, 13iii; W20, 22,41,42,87,93,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152,238

Underground waters.................................................. W 122

Michigan: Quality of waters................ W 30,31,102,182,183,236; G F155, 205

Surface waters.................................... W 30,147,162; G F 155,205

Underground waters.................................. B 264,298; W 30,31, 57,

102,114,145,149,160,182,183; G F 155, 205 

Mineral springs: Analyses................................... A 14 ii; W 364; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc.............................. ^............... A 14 ii

Lists.....................:...................................... B32; W 114

Minnesota: Quality of waters........................................... W 193, 236

Surface waters.................................................... W 162,193

Underground waters............................ B 264, 298; W 57,102,114,149

Motions of ground waters............................ A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110,140

New York: Quality of waters....................... W 110,144,145, 236; G F 169,190

Surface waters...................... M xli; W 24, 25,147,162,187; G F 169,190

Underground waters...... B 264, 298; W 61,102,110,114,145,149; G F 169,190

Ohio: Quality of waters............................ A 18, iv, 19, iv; W 179, 236, 259

Surface waters...:......................................... M xli; W 91,162

Underground waters.................. A 18 iv, 19 iv; B 264,298; W 91,114,149

Pennsylvania: Surface waters......................................... W 147,162

Underground waters........................... B 264, 298; W 110,114,145,149

Pollution: By industrial wastes............................ W 179,186,189, 226,235

By sewage..................................................... W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding................................................... W 103,152

Indices of........................................................ W 144,160

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

a Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXIX
XXX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART IV.

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation;.......... W 3, 22, 72, 79,

* 103,110,113,114,121,145,152,160,179,185,

186,189,194) 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315 

Sewage disposal and purification....................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194,229

Underground water: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization......................................... W 114, 255, 257

Pollution................................................ W 110,145,160,258

Vermont: Quality of waters................................:.......... W 144,236

Surface waters........................................................ W 187

Underground waters....................................... W 102,110,114,149

Windmill papers.................................................... W 8, 20,41,42

Wisconsin: Quality of waters............................................ G F 140

Profile surveys....................................................... W 417

Surface waters............................................... W 156; G F 140

Underground waters...........:....... B 264,298; W 61,114,145,149; G F 140
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Aminicon River, Wis.............

Auglaize River, Ohio.............

Au Sable River, Mich-..........

Ausable River, N. Y.............

Bad River, Wis...................

Beaver Bay River, Minn.........

Beaver River, ^. Y...............

Big Chazy River, N. Y...........

Black River, N. Y...............

Black River, Ohio...............

Blanchard River, Ohio...........

Black River canal, N. Y. ........

Boardman River, Mich............

Bog River, N. Y..................

Boquet River, N. Y...............

Brule River, Minn...............

Brule River, Wis. (Tributary to

Lake Michigan)................

Brule River, Wis. (Tributary .to

Lake Superior)................

Calumet River, Little, 111.........

Canadice outlet, N. Y.............

Canaseraga Creek, N. Y...........

Carp River, Mich.................

Cascade River, Minn..............

Cass River, Mich.................

Cattaragus Creek, N. Y...........

Cayuga Lake, N. Y...............

Champlain Lake, Vt..............

Chateaugay River, N. Y.........

Chazy River, Big, N. Y...........

Chittenango Creek, N. Y.........

Cloquet River, Minn.............

Clyde River, Vt..................

"Crockery Creek, Mich.............

Cuyahoga River, Ohio...........

Dead River, Mich................

Deer River, N. Y................

Devil Track River, Minn..........

Dog River, Vt....................

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream. 

East Creek, Vt....................

Escanaba River, Mich...........

Fall Creek, N. Y................

Fawn River, Mich...............

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Fish Creek, N.Y.................. x

Fish Creek, East Branch, N. Y... x

Fish Creek, West Branch, N. Y... x 

Flint River, Mich............... " ix

Fond du Lac River, East Branch,

Wis........................... VIU

Fond du Lac River, West Branch,

Wis........................... vin

Forestport feeder, N. Y........... x

Fox River, Wis.................. vin

Genesee River, N. Y.............. ix

George, Lake, N. Y.............. xi

Grand River, Mich................ vin

Green River, Vt................. xi

Hemlock Lake, N. Y.............. ix

Honeoye Creek, N. Y............ ix

Huntington River, Vt............. xi

Huron River, Mich.............. ix

Iron River, Mich................ vin

Kalamazoo River, Mich.......... vin

.Keshequa Creek, N. Y........... ix

Lake Champlain, Vt.............. x

Lake George, N. Y............... xi

Lake George outlet, N. Y.......: xi

Lamoille River, Vt............... xi

Little Calumet River, 111......... vin

Little River, Vt................. xi

Little Tonawanda Creek, N. Y.... ix

Little Wolf River, Wis............ vni

Mad River, Vt................... xi

Manistee River, Mich............ viu

Maumee River, Ohio.............. ix

Menominee River, Mich., Wis .... vin

Mettawee River, N. Y............ xi

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream,.

Milwaukee River, Wis............ vin

Missisquoi River, Vt............. xi

Moose River, N. Y................ x

Moose River, Middle Branch, N. Y. x

Muskegon River, Mich........... vin

Niagara River, N.Y.............. ix

Oconto River, Wis................ vin

Oneida Creek, N. Y ............. x

Oneida River, N. Y.............. x

OnondagaCreek,WestBranch,N.Y. x

XXXI
XXXII INDEX OF STREAMS.

Onondaga Lake outlet, N. Y...... x

«Ontonagon River, Mich.......... vn

Orwell Brook, N. Y.............. x

Oswegatchie River, N. Y.......... x

Oswegatchie River, East Branch,

N. Y.......................... x

Oswegatchie River, West Branch,

N. Y.......................... x

Oswego River, N. Y.............. ix

Ottawa River, Ohio.............. ix

Otter Creek, Vt................... xi

Owasco Lake outlet, N. Y......... x

Perch River, Mich............... vn

Peshtigo River, Wis.............. vin

Pike River, Wis.................'. vin

Pine River, Wis.................. vm

Poplar River, Minn............... vn

Poultney River, Vt.............. xi

Raquette River, N. Y............ x

Red Cedar River, Mich............ vni

Reeds Springs, Mich............. vm

Richelieu River, N. Y............ x

Rifle River, Mich................. ix

St. Francis River, Quebec......... xi

St. Joseph River, Ind............. ix

St. Joseph Eiver, Mich............ vm

St. Louis River, Minn............ vn

St. Mary's River, Ind............. ix

St. Regis River, N. Y............ x

Salmon River, N. Y.............. x

Sandusky River, Ohio............ ix

Saranac River, N. Y............. x

Seneca Lake, N. Y.............. ix

Seneca River, N. Y.............. ix

Sheboygan River, Wis............ vin

Shiawassee River, Mich.......... tx

Skaneateles Lake and outlet, N. Y. x

Sturgeon River, Mich............ vn

Thunder Bay River, Mich......... vin

Tiffin River, Ohio..... -_-^--...... ix

Tittabawassee River, Mich....... ix

Tonawanda Creek, Little, N. Y.... ix

Tonawanda Creek, N. Y. --------- ix

Waupaca River, Wis............. vin

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Whitef ace River, Minn............. vn

Winooski River, Vt.............. xi

Winooski River, Worcester Branch,

Vt... .......................... xi

Wolf River, Little, Wis............ vin

Wolf River, West Branch, Wis.... vm

Wolf River, Wis.................. vin