APPENDIX 8A. USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR LCC AND PBP SPREADSHEETS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

8A.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 8A-1 

8A.2 SPREADSHEET WORKSHEETS......................................................................... 8A-1 

8A.3 BASIC INSTRUCTIONS....................................................................................... 8A-2 

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APPENDIX 8A. USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR LCC AND PBP SPREADSHEET 

8A.1 INTRODUCTION 

It is possible to examine and reproduce the detailed results of the life-cycle cost (LCC) 

and payback period (PBP) analyses using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet available on the U.S. 

Department of Energy’s website at: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/. 

To fully execute the spreadsheet requires both Microsoft Excel and Crystal Ball software. Both 

applications are commercially available. Crystal Ball is available at 

http://www.decisioneering.com. 

The spreadsheet posted on the DOE website represents the latest version and has been 

tested with Microsoft Excel 2003. 

8A.2 SPREADSHEET WORKSHEETS 

The commercial clothes washer LCC and PBP spreadsheet or workbook consists of the 

following worksheets: 

LCC Summary Contains the input selections and a summary table of energy use, 

operating costs, LCC, and Payback. This worksheet also works as 

an interface between user inputs and the rest of the worksheets -- 

do not modify this sheet. 

Usage Contains the clothes washer usage data in terms of cycles per day 

for multifamily and laundromat applications. 

Energy and Water Use Contains the machine energy and water use, dryer energy use, and 

the water heating energy use data for the various design options. 

Base Case Eff Dist Contains market share efficiency data for commercial clothes 

washers. 

Equipment Price Contains manufacturer price data for commercial clothes washer 

units for the considered design options. Also includes the 

wholesale, general contractor, mechanical contractor, and national 

accounts mark-ups, the sales tax, and the installation price. 

Energy and Water Price Contains regional energy and water prices for the reference year. 

Energy Price Trends Contains the electricity and natural gas price trends for the 

reference, high, and low economic growth scenarios based on AEO 

2007. 

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Water Price Trend Contains the historical water price trend that is used to forecast 

future water price. 

Discount Rate Contains data from which an average discount rate and a 

distribution of discount rates are determined. 

Lifetime	 Contains the survival function for commercial clothes washers and 

their average lifetime in years. 

8A.3 BASIC INSTRUCTIONS 

Basic instructions for operating the LCC spreadsheets are as follows: 

1.	 Once you have downloaded the LCC file from the Web, open the file using Excel. At the 

bottom, click on the tab for sheet LCC Summary. 

2.	 Use Excel’s “View/Zoom” commands at the top menu bar to change the size of the 

display to make it fit your monitor. 

3.	 The user interacts with the spreadsheet by clicking choices or entering data using the 

graphical interface that comes with the spreadsheet. Select choices from the various 

inputs listed under "User Options" heading. 

4.	 Under the "User Options" heading, select choices from the selection buttons and boxes 

for the following: (1) type of calculation (Sample or Crystal Ball®), (2) energy price 

Trend, (3) start year, (4) efficiency market share scenario, and (5) manufacturing cost. A 

new discount rate or lifetime can also be entered if a value other than the default value or 

default distribution is wanted; however, this changes the code. As a result, the 

Department does not recommend saving the spreadsheet after the code is changed. 

5.	 To change inputs listed under "User Input", select the input you wish to change by either 

clicking on the appropriate button or selecting the appropriate input from the input box. 

6.	 This spreadsheet gives the user two types of calculation methods: 

a.	 If the "Sample Calc" is selected, then all calculations are performed for single input 

values, usually an average. The new results are shown on the same sheet as soon as 

the new values are entered. 

b.	 Alternately, if the "CB Calculation" is selected, the spreadsheet generates results that 

are distributions. Some of the inputs are also distributions. The results from the LCC 

distribution are shown as single values and refer only to the results from the last 

Monte Carlo sample and are therefore not meaningful. To run the distribution version 

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of the spreadsheet, the Microsoft Excel® add-in software called Crystal Ball® must 

be enabled. 

To produce sensitivity results using Crystal Ball, simply select Run from the Run menu 

(on the menu bar). To make basic changes in the run sequence, including altering the number of 

trials, select Run Preferences from the Run menu. After each simulation run, the user needs to 

select Reset (also from the Run menu) before Run can be selected again. Once Crystal Ball has 

completed its run sequence it will produce a series of distributions. Using the menu bars on the 

distribution results, it is possible to obtain further statistical information. The time taken to 

complete a run sequence can be reduced by minimizing the Crystal Ball window in Microsoft 

Excel. A step-by-step summary of the procedure for running a distribution analysis is outlined 

below: 

1.	 Find the Crystal Ball toolbar (at top of screen) 

2.	 Click on Run from the menu bar 

3.	 Select Run Preferences and choose from the following choices: 

a.	 Monte Carloa 

b.	 Latin Hypercube (recommended) 

c.	 Initial seed choices and whether you want it to be constant between runs 

d.	 Select number of Monte Carlo Trials (DOE suggests 10,000). 

4. To run the simulation, follow the following sequence (on the Crystal Ball toolbar) 

Run 

Reset 

Run 

5.	 Now wait until the program informs you that the simulation is completed. 

The following instructions are provided to view the output generated by Crystal Ball. 

1.	 After the simulation has finished, to see the distribution charts generated, click on the 

Windows tab bar that is labeled Crystal Ball. 

2.	 The life-cycle cost savings and payback periods are defined as Forecast cells. The 

frequency charts display the results of the simulations, or trials, performed by Crystal 

Ball. Click on any chart to bring it into view. The charts show the low and high endpoints 

of the forecasts. The View selection on the Crystal Ball toolbar can be used to specify 

whether you want cumulative or frequency plots shown. 

a

 Because of the nature of the program, there is some variation in results due to random sampling when Monte Carlo 

or Latin Hypercube sampling is used. 

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3.	 To calculate the probability that a particular value of LCC savings will occur, either type 

0 in the box by the left arrow, or move the arrow key with the cursor to 0 on the scale. 

The value in the Certainty box shows the likelihood that the LCC savings will occur. To 

calculate the certainty of payback period being below a certain number of years, choose 

that value as the high endpoint. 

4.	 To generate a printout report, select Create Report from the Run menu. The toolbar 

choice of Forecast Windows allows you to select the charts and statistics in which you 

are interested. For further information on Crystal Ball outputs, please refer to 

Understanding the Forecast Chart in the Crystal Ball manual. 

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