1

Stout, Alan

From: Stout, Alan

Sent: Friday, October 17, 2014 8:42 AM

To: Julia Rege (jrege@globalautomakers.org); gambrozaitis@autoalliance.org; Carter, 

Sarah@ARB

Cc: Antonio Fernandez; Olechiw, Michael; Chris Laroo

Subject: RE: Updated Tier 3 amendments

Attachments: T3 amendments supplement 10 17 2014.doc.docx

Julia, Giedrius, and Sarah, 

Here is another batch of new or modified amendments to the Tier 3 regulations. These items have had varying degrees 

of outside review, so it will be good to make sure they all get the attention they deserve to make sure we’re on track. 

We have gotten word from OMB that they will not be reviewing the rule, and we are very close to having the whole pile 

of amendments lined up and ready for sending on for final processing, so there is a good (or at least reasonable) chance 

that this will be the last set of new ideas we have on this package. That puts us on track for signature sometime in 

January, with the possibility of hitting that target a month sooner or later depending on how smoothly things go. 

We haven’t reached a final decision on the earlier question about making the pair of changes to bring coastdown 

procedures back to current practice. Stay tuned for more on that. 

Let me know if anything here raises any questions or concerns. 

Alan 

From: Stout, Alan 

Sent: Friday, September 19, 2014 8:32 AM 

To: Julia Rege (jrege@globalautomakers.org); 'gambrozaitis@autoalliance.org'; 'Carter, Sarah@ARB' 

Cc: Antonio Fernandez; Olechiw, Michael 

Subject: Updated Tier 3 amendments 

Julia, Giedrius, and Sarah, 

The attached file includes updated regulatory language for our direct final rulemaking. Additional edits since our July 7 

version are noted. The change in §600.117 probably warrants some extra attention, but most of the other changes are 

not especially noteworthy; in any case, we wanted to get a complete set out to you to make sure we don’t find ourselves 

with any surprises later. I’m not sure this would need the full-scale distribution for review, but I will leave that to your 

collective judgment. 

This doesn’t address the coastdown issue, which I understand is still something to figure out. 

There is no real deadline for responding. We’ll move ahead with what we have. If you find something that needs 

attention along the way, let us know and we’ll do our best to work things out. There have been some minor 

complications in other parts of the direct final rule, and we still need to go through the bureaucratic stages of review as 

we work our way toward signature. At this point, I’m expecting to get the rule signed in February, though I could be off 

by a month or two in either direction. 

Alan 
PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY 

VEHICLES AND ENGINES 

1001. The authority citation for part 86 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. 

Subpart A—[Amended] 

1002. Section 86.007-30 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(C) and (a)(4)(iv)(C) to 

read as follows: 

§86.007-30 Certification. 

(a) * * * 

(4) * * * 

(iii)* * * 

(C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA or a State or local 

government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured 

to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated highaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this 

section that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles 

to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the requirements of these 

regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not 

configured to meet high-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 

agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2108 of this 

chapter. 

(iv) * * * 

(C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA or a state or local 

government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured 

to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated lowaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this 

section that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles 

to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the requirements of these 

regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not 

configured to meet low-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 

agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2108 of this 

chapter. 

* * * * * 

Subpart B—[Amended] 

1003. Section 86.101 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) to read as follows: 

§ 86.101 General applicability. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph 

(c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. For any EPA 

testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected procedures for 
determining road load parameters and applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria (either § 

86.115-78 or 40 CFR 1066.425(c)). For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using 

either of the specified procedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover 

data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without 

regard to the provisions of this section. 

* * * * * 

(3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers must use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (d) of this section. Manufacturers may continue to use data based on the test 

procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this section for an engine family in 2022 and later model 

years, as long as the engine family is eligible for certification with carryover emission data.

* * * * * 

1004. Section 86.132-96 is amended by adding paragraph (h)(1)(iv)(C) to read as follows: 

§86.132-96 Vehicle preconditioning. 

* * * * * 

(h) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(iv) * * * 

(C) Perform the purge steps in this paragraph (h)(1)(iv) using dry nitrogen or air controlled to an 

absolute humidity at or below 25 grains per pound dry air.

* * * * * 

Subpart C—[Amended] 

1005. Section 86.201 is revised to read as follows: 

§ 86.201 General applicability. 

(a) Vehicles are subject to cold temperature testing requirements as described in subpart S of this 

part and 40 CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine 

fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710.

(b) Migration to 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066. This subpart transitions to rely on the test 

procedure specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066 as follows: 

(1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. 

For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected 

procedures for applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA 

may conduct testing using either of the specified procedures. As allowed under this part, 

manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance 

with emission standards, without regard to the provisions of this section. 

(2) For vehicles certified before model year 2022 to any of the Tier 3 emission standards 

specified in subpart S of this part, manufacturers must determine overall driver accuracy 

based on driven cycle energy as described in 40 CFR 1066.425(j). 

(c) Interim procedures. Through model year 2021, manufacturers may certify vehicles based on 

data collected according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature 

testing procedures. 

Commented [CAL1]: Late add. 

Commented [SA2]: Late add. 

Commented [SA3]: late add. 
(d) Long-term procedures. Starting in model year 2022, perform testing to measure CO and 

NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 

40 CFR 1066.710. We may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and 

intermediate temperature testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure 

under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Perform intermediate temperature testing as follows: 

(1) For testing during ambient temperatures of less than 50 °F (10 °C), perform testing as 

described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H. 

(2) For testing at temperatures of 50 °F (10 °C) or higher, perform FTP testing as described 

in 40 CFR part 1066. 

(c) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected 

according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing 

procedures. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and 

intermediate temperature testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure 

under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). 

(de) Section 86.213 describes special provisions related to test fuel specifications. 

* * * * * 

Subpart S—General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution From New and InUse Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty 

Vehicles 

1006. The heading for subpart S is revised as set forth above. 

1007. Section 86.1801-12 is amended as follows: 

a. By revising paragraph (a)(2)(ii). 

b. By adding paragraph (a)(2)(iii). 

c. By revising paragraph (a)(3) introductory text. 

d. By removing paragraph (a)(4). 

e. By redesignating paragraph (a)(5) as paragraph (a)(4). 

§ 86.1801-12 Applicability.

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(ii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as specified in 40 CFR parts 1036 and 1037 

instead of the standards specified in this subpart.

(iii) The provisions of this subpart are optional for diesel-fueled Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles 

in a given model year if those vehicles are equipped with engines certified to the appropriate 

standards in § 86.007-11 for which less than half of the engine family’s sales for the model 

year in the United States are for complete Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This includes engines 

sold to all vehicle manufacturers. If you are the original manufacturer of the engine and the 

vehicle, base this showing on your sales information. If you manufacture the vehicle but are 

not the original manufacturer of the engine, you must use your best estimate of the original 

manufacturer's sales information. 

(3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles or to 

complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see subpart A of this part and 40 CFR parts

1036 and 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehicles in the following cases: 

* * * * * 

Commented [SA4]: Late add. 

Commented [SA5]: Copied in from (a)(4). 
1008. Section 86.1803-01 is amended by revising the definition of “Averaging set” to read as 

follows: 

§86.1803-01 Definitions. 

* * * * *

Averaging set means a category or subcategory of complete heavy-duty vehicles within 

which test groups can average and trade emission credits with one another. 

* * * * * 

1009. Section 86.1805-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1805-17 Useful life. 

(a) General provisions. The useful life values specified in this section apply for all exhaust, 

evaporative, refueling, and OBD emission requirements described in this subpart, except for 

standards that are specified to apply only at certification. These useful life requirements also 

apply to all air conditioning leakage credits, air conditioning efficiency credits, and other credit 

programs used by the manufacturer to comply with the fleet-average CO2 emission standards in § 

86.1818. Useful life values are specified as a given number of calendar years or and miles of 

driving, whichever comes first. 

(b) Greenhouse gas pollutants. The emission standards in § 86.1818 apply for a useful life of 10 

years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDT and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and 

HDVMDPV. Manufacturers may alternatively certify based on a longer useful life as specified 

in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(c) Cold temperature emission standards. The cold temperature NMHC emission standards in § 

86.1811 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDTvehicles at or 

below 6,000 pounds GVWR, and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and HDVvehicles above 

6,000 pounds GVWR. The cold temperature CO emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a 

useful life of 5 years or 50,000 miles. 

* * * * * 

1010. Section 86.1806-17 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(8) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1806-17 Onboard diagnostics. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * *

(8) Apply thresholds for exhaust emission malfunctions from Tier 3 vehicles based on the 

thresholds calculated for the corresponding bin standards in the California LEV II program as 

prescribed for the latest model year in 13 CCR 1968.2(e) and (f)(1) through (3). For example, 

for Tier 3 Bin 160 standards, apply the threshold that applies for the LEV standards. For cases 

involving Tier 3 standards that have no corresponding bin standards from the California LEV II 

program, use the next highest LEV II bin. For example, for Tier 3 Bin 50 standards, apply the 

threshold that applies for the ULEV standards. You may apply thresholds that are more stringent 

than we require under this paragraph (a)(8). 

* * * * * 

1011. Section 86.1810-01 is amended by revising paragraph (o) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1810-01 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe condition; waivers. 

* * * * * 

Commented [SA6]: Late add. 
(o) NMOG measurement procedures. Measure NMOG emissions using the procedures described 

in 40 CFR 10661065.635. 

* * * * * 

1012. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * 

(j) Highway NOX exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal 

Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 

1.33 times the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the test group. 

Both the measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to 

the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared. 

* * * * * 

1013. Section 86.1811-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(8), (b)(9) introductory 

text, (b)(10), (b)(11), and (c) to read as follows:

§ 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(2) Table 1 of this section describes fully phased-in Tier 3 standards that apply as specified in 

this paragraph (b) for the identified driving schedules. The FTP standards for NMOG+NOx 

apply on a fleet-average basis using discrete bin standards as described in paragraph (b)(4) of 

this section. The bin standards include additional emission standards for high-altitude testing 

and for CO emissions when testing over the FTP driving schedule. The SFTP standards for 

NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. 

Table 1 follows: 

Table 1 of § 86.1811-17–Fully Phased-in Tier 3 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mile) 

NMOG+NOx PM CO Formaldehyde 

FTP1 SFTP FTP US06 SFTP FTP 

0.030 0.050 0.003 0.006 4.2 0.004 

1

 The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx is 

0.026 g/mile for any LDV or and LDT1 test groups certified to 

standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years in a 

given model year. 

* * * * * 

(8) The following provisions describe the primary approach for phasing in the Tier 3 

standards other than PM in 2025 and earlier model years: 

(i) FTP phase-in. The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases in 

over several years as described in this paragraph (b)(8)(i). You must identify FELs as 

described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and calculate a fleet-average emission level 

to show that you meet the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for each 

model year. For model year 2017, do not include vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. 

Through model year 2019, you may also certify to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 
standards, which consist of all-altitude FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx of 

0.085 or 0.110 g/mile, respectively; additional FTP standards for PM, CO, and 

formaldehyde apply as specified in this section for vehicles certified to Bin 125 

standards. Fleet-average FTP emission standards decrease through the phase-in period 

as shown in the following table: 

Table 3 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tier 3 FTP 

Emission Standards for NMOG+NOx (g/mile) 

Model Year LDV, LDT1—150,000 

mile useful life1

LDV, LDT1—

120,000 mile useful 

life1

LDT2, HLDT 

2017 2 0.086 0.073 0.101 

2018 0.079 0.067 0.092 

2019 0.072 0.061 0.083 

2020 0.065 0.055 0.074 

2021 0.058 0.049 0.065 

2022 0.051 0.043 0.056 

2023 0.044 0.037 0.047 

2024 0.037 0.031 0.038 

2025 0.030 0.026 0.030 

1 Vehicles certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles may comply based on 

the fleet-average standard specified for 150,000 mile useful life in certain circumstances as 

specified in paragraph (b)(8)(iii)(A) of this section. Calculate the adjusted fleet-average 

standard for LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 

miles or 10 years in a given model year by multiplying the specified value by 0.85 and 

rounding to the nearest 0.001 g/mile. Through model year 2019, apply this adjustment only if 

one or more test groups is certified to Bin 70 or lower standards based on a useful life of 

120,000 miles or 10 years.

2 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards 

starting with model year 2018.

(ii) SFTP phase-in. The fleet-average SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases 

in over several years as described in this paragraph (b)(8)(ii). You must identify FELs as 

described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section and calculate a fleet-average emission level 

to show that you meet the SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for each 

model year. 

(A) Calculate the fleet-average emission level together for all your light-duty vehicles 

and light-duty trucks, except for those certified using the provisions of paragraph 

(b)(8)(ii)(C) of this section. For model year 2017, do not include vehicles above 

6,000 pounds GVWR (in the numerator or denominator). 

(B) Fleet-average SFTP emission standards decrease through the phase-in period as 

shown in the following table: 

Commented [SA7]: Late add. 

Commented [SA8]: From Global. 
Table 4 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tier 3 SFTP Emission Standards 

Model 

Year 

NMOG+NOx 

(g/mile) 

20171 0.103 

2018 0.097 

2019 0.090 

2020 0.083 

2021 0.077 

2022 0.070 

2023 0.063 

2024 0.057 

2025 0.050 

1 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR 

HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 

standards starting with model year 2018. 

(C) You may use the SFTP stand-alone option Option 1 provisions specified in 13 

CCR 1961.2(a)(7)(A)1 of the LEV III program to demonstrate compliance with 

EPA’s SFTP standards. Do not include any such test groups when demonstrating 

compliance with the phased-in fleet-average SFTP standards specified in this 

paragraph (b)(8)(ii). Note that this option is not available for vehicles certified to the 

transitional bins described in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Interim provisions. (A) For vehicles LDT2 and HLDT certified to bins higher than 

Bin 70 under this section through model year 2019, the Tier 2 useful life period 

applies as specified in § 86.1805-12 for all criteria pollutants other than PM. A 

similar provisions applies for LDV and LDT1, as described in Table 3 of this section. 

However, LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to bin standards above Bin 70 through 

model year 2019 may be included in the same averaging set with vehicles meeting 

standards over a 150,000 mile useful life, notwithstanding the provisions of 

§86.1861-17(b)(1)(iii). Any such vehicles you include in the averaging set for 

150,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard 

specified for 150,000 mile useful life; similarly, any such vehicles you include in the 

averaging set for 120,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx standard specified for 120,000 mile useful life.

(B) You may use the E0 test fuel specified in § 86.113 through model year 2019 for 

gasoline-fueled vehicles certified to bins higher than Bin 70. You may not certify 

these vehicles using carryover data after model year 2019. 

(C) Vehicles must continue to comply with the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for 

NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1) if they 

are certified to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 standards, or if they are certified based 

on a fuel without ethanol, or if they are not certified to the Tier 3 PM standard. 

(iv) You may use the alternative phase-in provisions described in paragraph (b)(9) of this 

section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust emission standards on a different schedule. 

(9) This paragraph (b)(9) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission 

standards for vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. If you choose this approach, you must 

phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that are 

subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase-in, you must 

meet the fully phased-in standards specified in this paragraph (b) with 40, 70, and 100 

Commented [SA9]: Late add. 

Commented [SA10]: Proper reference? 
percent of your projected nationwide sales of all vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that 

are subject to this section in model years 2019 through 2021, respectively. Any vehicles not 

subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with the Tier 

2 standards in § 86.1811-04(c) and (f), including the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for 

NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1). Vehicles 

subject to Tier 2 standards under this paragraph (b)(9) are subject to the useful life provisions 

in § 86.1805-12 relative to exhaust emission standards. Each vehicle counting toward the 

phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(9) must meet all the standards that apply 

throughout the useful life as specified in § 86.1805-17, and must use the Tier 3 test fuel 

specified in § 86.113-1507. The following exceptions and special provisions apply under 

this paragraph (b)(9): 

* * * * * 

(10) You may not use credits generated from Tier 2 vehicles for demonstrating compliance 

with the Tier 3 standards except as specified in this paragraph (b)(10). You may generate 

early credits with U.S. sales of Tier 2 vehicles in the two model years before the Tier 3 

standards start to apply for a given vehicle model. Vehicles certified to the Tier 2 standards 

must meet all the Tier 2 requirements in § 86.1811-10, including the fleet-average Tier 2 

standards. Calculate early Tier 3 emission credits as described in § 86.1861 by subtracting 

the appropriate Tier 2 fleet-average value for FTP emissions of NMOG+NOx from 0.160 

g/mile. Calculate your fleet-average value for the model year based on vehicles at or below 

6,000 pounds GVWR in 2015, on all sizes of vehicles in 2016, and on vehicles above 6,000 

pounds GVWR in 2017. You may use these early credits as described in § 86.1861 for 

demonstrating compliance with the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx starting in 

model year 2017. You may use these early credits interchangeably for vehicles certified 

based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. For model years 2018 and later, 

you may use any remaining these early credits for banking or trading subject to a limitation 

based on credits generated in California, as follows: 

(i) For the applicable model years in which you generate emission credits relative to 

California’s LEV III fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard, determine the actual 

California sales of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks and the actual nationwide 

sales of those same vehicles. (Note: If you have a credit deficit in a given model year for 

your LEV III vehicles, apply the provisions of this paragraph (b)(10)(i) based on the 

appropriate negative credit quantity.) In 2015, count sales only from vehicle models at or

below 6,000 pounds GVWR. For each model year, multiply the credits generated under 

the California program by the ratio of nationwide vehicle sales to LEV III vehicle sales to 

calculate an effective nationwide quantity. Sum these results for model years 2015 

through 2017. Note that this calculation results in a maximum credit quantity based on 

vehicle sales in all states, even though the initial credit calculation does not include 

vehicle sales in California or the section 177 states. If you comply with the LEV III 

standards based on pooled emission credits for California and the section 177 states, use 

those pooled emission credits and corresponding sales for calculating the maximum 

credit quantity under this paragraph (b)(10)(i). 

(ii) You may not use more early credits generated under this paragraph (b)(10) for 

banking or trading to demonstrate compliance with Tier 3 emission standards than the 

calculated value of the effective nationwide credit quantity summed in paragraph 

(b)(10)(i) of this section. If your generated credits are greater than this threshold, 

Commented [SA11]: Late add. 
determine the ratio by which percentage of your generated early credits that exceed the 

threshold. Calculate an adjusted quantity of early credits generated under this paragraph 

(b)(10) by dividing decreasing the generated credit quantity from each model year by this 

ratio of generated credits relative to the calculated percentage that exceed the applicable 

threshold. This adjusted quantity of credits may be used for banking or trading relative to 

the Tier 3 standards, subject to the five-year credit life described in § 86.1861. 

(11) You may certify vehicles to the Tier 3 standards starting in model year 2015. To do this, 

you may either sell all your LEV III vehicles models nationwide, or you may certify a subset 

of your fleet to alternate fleet-average emission standards as follows: 

(i) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.100 g/mile 

in 2015 and 0.093 g/mile in 2016 for LDV and LDT1. 

(ii) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.119 g/mile 

in 2015, 0.110 g/mile in 2016, and 0.101 g/mile in 2017 for LDT2 and HLDT. 

(iii) The alternate fleet-average SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx are 0.140 in 

2015 for LDV and LDT1, 0.110 in 2016 for all vehicles, and 0.103 in 2017 for LDT2 and 

HLDT. 

(iv) The vehicles must meet FTP and SFTP standards for PM as specified in § 86.1811-

04. The PM testing provisions of § 86.1829-01(b)(1)(iii)(B) apply for these vehicles. 

(v) Vehicles not certified to the Tier 3 standards in a given model year must meet all the 

requirements that apply for Tier 2 vehicles in that model year. 

(vi) For cold temperature testing and for high-altitude testing, you may use the E0 fuel 

specified in § 86.113-04(a) or § 86.213 instead of the E10 test fuel specified in § 86.113-

1507. 

(vii) Vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11) to a bin standard at or below Bin 70 

must be certified to a useful life of 150,000 miles. 

(viii) The interim provisions described in paragraph (b)(8)(iii) of this section apply for 

vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), except that credits generated under this 

paragraph (b)(11) may be used interchangeably for vehicles certified based on a useful 

life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. 

(ixvii) For vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), you may generate emission 

credits and use those credits for demonstrating compliance with Tier 3 standards as 

described in paragraph (b)(10) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(14) This subpart describes several ways that the transition to Final Tier 3 standards applies 

differently for vehicles above and below 6,000 pounds GVWR. All these distinctions apply 

only for LDT. LDV as a category is defined independent of GVWR, so any LDV above 

6,000 pounds GVWR are subject to the same provisions that apply for LDV at or below 

6,000 pounds GVWR. Where this section refers to “vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR”, 

this should be understood to include LDT above 6,000 pounds GVWR and MDPV (or HLDT 

and MDPV), and to exclude all LDV. 

* * * * * 

(c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard. NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the 

federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed 

the applicable FTP bin standard for NMOG+NOx. Demonstrate compliance with this standard 

for low-mileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deterioration factor. For vehicles not 

Commented [SA12]: Late add. 
certified to any Tier 3 emission standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the 

provisions of § 86.1811-04(j) apply instead of this paragraph (c). 

* * * * * 

1014. Section 86.1813-17 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2)(i) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1813-17 Evaporative and refueling emission standards. 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(iv) Emissions are generally measured with a flame ionization detector (FID). In the case of 

rig, diurnal, hot soak, and running loss testing with E10 test fuel, multiply measured 

(unspeciated) FID values by 1.08 to account for the FID’s reduced response to ethanol. 

However, yYou may instead determine total hydrocarbon equivalent for E10 testing based on 

speciated measurements as described in § 86.143-96(c). You may use different methods 

(with or without speciation) for different test elements for a given test vehicle; however, 

Yyou must always use the same method (with or without speciation) for all diurnal and hot 

soak of the specified evaporative testing for a given evaporative/refueling family. In 

addition, any later testing with vehicles from that evaporative/refueling family must use the 

same method that was used for the original testing. Similarly, any evaporative/refueling 

families certified in later model years using carryover data must use the same method that 

was used for the original testing. We may do testing with or without speciation, but we will 

apply the 1.08 correction factor to unspeciated measurements for any of these four categories 

of evaporative emissions only if you also use it to determine your final test results. 

(2) * * * 

(i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements from the 

two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal test sequence is based on a fleet average 

in a given model year. You must specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each 

evaporative family. The FEL serves as the emission standard for the evaporative family 

with respect to all required diurnal and hot soak testing. Calculate your fleet-average 

emission level as described in § 86.1860 based on the FEL that applies for low-altitude 

testing to show that you meet the specified standard. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate 

fleet-average emission levels based only on emission levels for testing with gasoline. 

You may generate emission credits for banking and trading and you may use banked or 

traded credits for demonstrating compliance with the diurnal plus hot soak emission 

standard for vehicles required to meet the Tier 3 standards, other than electric vehicles 

and gaseous-fueled vehicles, as described in § 86.1861 starting in model year 2017. You 

comply with the emission standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to 

show that your fleet-average emission level is at or below the applicable standard. You 

may exchange credits between or among evaporative families within an averaging set as 

described in § 86.1861. Separate diurnal plus hot soak emission standards apply for each 

evaporative/refueling emission family as shown for high-altitude conditions. The sum of 

diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed the following fleet-average Tier 3 

standards: 

Commented [SA13]: Late add. 

Commented [SA14]: Diurnal and hot soak emissions may not 

exceed the Tier 3 emission standards, as follows: 
Table 1 of § 86.1813-17—Tier 3 Diurnal Plus Hot Soak Emission Standards (grams per 

test) 

Vehicle category 

Low-altitude 

conditions—

fleet-average

High-altitude 

conditions 

LDV, LDT1 0.300 0.65 

LDT2 0.400 0.85 

HLDT 0.500 1.151

HDV 0.600 1.75 

1

 1.25 g/test for MDPVs. 

* * * * * 

1015. Section 86.1816-18 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(C), (b)(8) introuctory 

text, (b)(12)(iii), and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1816-18 Emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(ii) * * * 

(C) For Class 3 vehicles, the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c) of 

Appendix I of this part. 

* * * * * 

(8) This paragraph (b)(8) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission 

standards. If you choose this approach, you must phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your 

vehicles subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase in, you 

must meet all the standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section according to the phase-in 

schedule specified in Table 6 of this section based on the indicated percentage of your projected 

nationwide sales in each model year. These vehicles must meet the applicable FTP emission 

standard for CO and the HD-SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx and CO that apply for 

Class 2b Bin 170 and Class 3 Bin 230 as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Any 

vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with 

the gaseous exhaust emission standards in § 86.1816-08. Each vehicle counting toward the PM 

phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(8) in model years 2019 and 2020 must also be 

included in the portion of the fleet meeting the Tier 3 standards for pollutants other than PM. 

Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentage for any pollutant must use the Tier 3 test 

fuel specified in § 86.113-1507. The following exceptions and special provisions apply under 

this paragraph (b)(8): 

* * * * * 

(12) * * * 

(iii) Alternate in-use FTP and HD-SFTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply as specified in the 

following table: 
Table 7 of § 86.1816-18—Alternate In-use NMOG+NOx Standards (g/mile) 

Class FEL Name FTP HD-SFTP1

2b 

Bin 250 0.370 1.120 

Bin 200 0.300 1.120 

Bin 170 0.250 0.630 

Bin 150 0.220 0.630 

3 

Bin 400 0.600 0.770 

Bin 270 0.400 0.770 

Bin 230 0.340 0.490 

Bin 200 0.300 0.490 

1

 For Class 2b vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 

hp/pound that are certified to optional standards under paragraphs (b)(2) and 

(4) of this section, the following alternate in-use HD-SFTP standards for 

NMOG+NOx apply instead of those identified in the table: 0.490 g/mile for 

Bin 150 and Bin 170; and 0.770 g/mile for Bin 200 and Bin 250. Note that 

vehicles certified to transitional Tier 3 FTP bins are not subject to HD-SFTP 

standards. 

* * * * * 

(c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard. For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 

standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section, NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the 

highway test cycle in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable 

NMOG+NOx bin standard for FTP testing. Demonstrate compliance with this standard for lowmileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deterioration factor. 

1016. Section 86.1829-15 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(2) and (e)(9) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(2) Test one EDV in each test group using the FTP, and SFTP, and HFET test procedures in 40 

CFR part 1066 and the HFET test procedures of 40 CFR part 600, subpart B, to demonstrate 

compliance with other exhaust emission standards. 

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(9) For Class 3 complete vehicles with fuel tanks exceeding 35 gallons nominal fuel tank 

capacity, and for any Class 3 incomplete vehicles, a manufacturer may provide a statement in the 

application for certification that vehicles comply with refueling emission standards instead of 

submitting test data, consistent with 40 CFR 1037.103(c). 

* * * * * 

1017. Section 86.1844-01 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as follows: 

§86.1844-01 Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of 

information upon request. 

* * * * * 

(d) * * * 

(3) A description of applicable evaporative/refueling families and leak families in accordance 

with the criteria listed in §86.1821-01, or as otherwise used to group a product line. 

* * * * * 
1018. Section 86.1845-04 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(5), (c)(5), and (f)(2) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1845-04 Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and 

the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is 

tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test 

vehicles subject to applicable exhaust CO2 emission standards under this subpart shall also be 

tested in accordance with the HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, of this 

chapter. 

(ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mManufacturers must measure PM emissions 

over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under 

paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must demonstrate compliance with 

the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, if applicable, as described in this paragraph 

(b)(5)(iii). Manufacturers must evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this 

section, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of 

this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle 

from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD monitoring 

instead of testing as follows: 

(A) A vehicle is considered to pass the leak test if the OBD system completed a leak check 

within the previous 750 miles of driving without showing a leak fault code. 

(B) Whether or not a vehicle’s OBD system has completed a leak check within the previous 

750 miles of driving, the manufacturer may operate the vehicle as needed to force the OBD 

system to perform a leak check. If the OBD leak check does not show a leak fault, the 

vehicle is considered to pass the leak test. 

(C) If the most recent OBD leak check from paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section 

shows a leak-related fault code as specified in § 86.1806-17(b), the vehicle is presumed to 

have failed the leak test. Manufacturers may perform the leak measurement procedure 

described in 40 CFR 1066.985 for an official result to replace the finding from the OBD leak 

check. 

(D) Manufacturers may not perform repeat OBD checks or leak measurements to over-ride a 

failure under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(C) of this section. 

(iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall 

be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and 

refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested 

for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. 

For gaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested 

in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and refueling emission 

procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test 

vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph 

(b)(5)(ivii) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles 

as specified in Table S04–06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing 
under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions 

under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion 

of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test vehicles subject to applicable 

exhaust CO2 emission standards under this subpart shall also be tested in accordance with the 

HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B. One test vehicle from each test 

group shall be tested over the FTP at high altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not 

required to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test vehicle tested at high 

altitude is counted when determining the compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04–

06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section or the expanded sample size as provided 

for in this paragraph (c). 

(ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mManufacturers must measure PM emissions 

over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under 

paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section. 

(iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must evaluate each vehicle tested 

under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section to demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard 

specified in § 86.1813, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph 

(c)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least 

one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD 

monitoring instead of testing as described in paragraph (bc)(5)(iii) of this section. 

(iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall 

be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission 

procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 

with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseousfueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in 

accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission procedures described in 

subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable 

evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill 

the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph (cb)(5)(ivii) will be counted when 

determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and 

table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (cb)(5)(i) of this 

section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions under the requirements of 

paragraph (cb)(5)(i) of this section. 

* * * * * 

(f) * * * 

(2) For flexible-fueled vehicles certified to NMOG (or NMOG+NOx) standards, the 

manufacturer may ask for EPA approval to demonstrate compliance using an equivalent NMOG 

emission result calculated from a ratio of ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions to gasoline NMHC 

exhaust emissions. Ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the 

ethanol test fuel, expressed as NMOG. Gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions are measured values 

from testing with the gasoline test fuel, expressed as NMHC. This ratio must be established 

during certification for each emission-data vehicle for the applicable test group. Use good 

engineering judgment to establish a different ratio for each duty cycle or test interval as 
appropriate. Identify the ratio values you develop under this paragraph (f)(21) and describe the 

duty cycle or test interval to which they apply in the Part II application for certification. 

Calculate the equivalent NMOG emission result by multiplying the measured gasoline NMHC 

exhaust emissions for a given duty cycle or test interval by the appropriate ratio. 

* * * * * 

1019. Section 86.1846-01 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) to read as 

follows: 

§ 86.1846-01 Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements. 

* * * * *

(b) * * * 

(1) * * *

(i) Additional testing is not required under this paragraph (b)(1) based on Supplemental FTP 

testing or evaporative/refueling testing. Testing conducted at high altitude under the 

requirements of § 86.1845-04(cb) will be included in determining if a test group meets the 

criteria triggering the testing required under this section.

(ii) The vehicle tested under the requirements of § 86.1845–04(c)(2) with a minimum odometer 

miles reading of 105,000 miles or 75% of useful life, whichever is less, will not be included in 

determining if a test group meets the triggering criteria. 

* * * * * 

1020. Section 86.1861-17 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1861-17 How do the NMOG+NOx and evaporative emission credit programs work? 

* * * * * 

(a) Calculate emission credits as described in this paragraph (a) instead of using the provisions of 

40 CFR 1037.705. Calculate positive or negative emission credits relative to the applicable fleetaverage standard. Calculate positive emission credits if your fleet-average level is below the 

standard. Calculate negative emission credits if your fleet-average value is above the standard. 

Calculate credits separately for each type of standard and for each averaging set. Calculate 

emission credits using the following equation, rounded to the nearest whole number: 

Emissioncredit Volume Fleet average standard = ⋅ − [ Fleet averagevalue]

Where: 

Emission credit = The positive or negative credit for each discrete fleet-average standard, in 

units of vehicle-grams per mile for NMOG+NOx and vehicle-grams per test for evaporative 

emissions.

Volume = Sales volume in a given model year from the collection of test groups or evaporative 

families covered by the fleet-average value, as described in § 86.1860. 

(b) The following restrictions apply instead of those specified in 40 CFR 1037.740: 

(1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(23) of this section, emission credits may be 

exchanged only within an averaging set, as follows:

(i) HDV represent a separate averaging set with respect to all emission standards. 

(ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, LDV and LDT certified to 

standards based on a useful life of 150,000 miles and 15 years together represent a single 

Commented [SA15]: Add multiplication symbol in equation 

(FR left it out). 
averaging set with respect to all NMOG+NOx emission standards. Note that FTP and 

SFTP credits are not interchangeable. 

(iii) LDV and LDT1 certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles and 10 

years together represent a single averaging set with respect to NMOG+NOx emission 

standards. Note that FTP and SFTP credits are not interchangeable. 

(iv) The following separate averaging sets apply for evaporative emission standards: 

(A) LDV and LDT1 together represent a single averaging set. 

(B) LDT2 represents a single averaging set. 

(C) HLDT represents a single averaging set. 

(D) HDV represents a single averaging set. 

* * * * * 

1021. Appendix I to part 86 is amended by revising paragraph (c) introductory text to read as 

follows: 

APPENDIX I TO PART 86—DYNAMOMETER SCHEDULES

* * * * * 

(c) EPA driving schedule for class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This driving schedule is also known 

as the LA-92 cycle. The first 1,435 seconds are the Hot LA-92 driving schedule.

* * * * * 

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF 

MOTOR VEHICLES 

1022. The authority citation for part 600 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58. 

Subpart B—[Amended] 

1023. Section 600.117 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as follows: 

§ 600.117 Interim provisions. 

* * * * * 

(b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with Tier 3 emission standards as 

specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the gasoline 

test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy 

testing for all the applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails 

to meet a Tier 3 emission standard using the gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), 

the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 

1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) to demonstrate compliance with 

all applicable emission standards over that test cycle. 

(c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants 

over all five test cycles using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the 

equivalent LEV III test fuel for California), the manufacturer may use test data with the same test 

fuel to determine whether a the derived five-cycle calculations to demonstrate compliance with 

greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fuel economy values. This also applies for 

fuel economy labeling, as long as the test group meets the criteria described in § 600.115 for 

derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling. Such vVehicles may be tested over the FTP 

and HFET cycles with the test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) under this paragraph (cb);

Commented [SA16]: Late changes highlighed. 
the vehicles must meet the Tier 3 emission standards over those test cycles as described in 

paragraph (b) of this section. 

* * * * * 
Supplemental Tier 3 amendments 

October 17, 2014 

§ 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * 

(g) Cold temperature exhaust emission standards. The following standards in this paragraph (g) 

apply for certification and in-use vehicles tested over the test procedures specified in subpart C 

of this part, for testing at both low-altitude conditions and high-altitude conditions.: These 

standards apply only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must 

comply with requirements using gasoline only. Testing with other fuels such as a high-level 

ethanol-gasoline blend, and testing on diesel vehicles, is not required. 

(1) Cold temperature CO standards. These cold temperature CO standards are applicable only to 

gasoline-fueled vehicles. These standards apply for testing at low-altitude conditions and highaltitude conditions. Cold temperature CO exhaust emission standards apply when measured 

using the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part, as follows: 

(i) For LDV and LDT1, the standard is 10.0 g/mile CO. 

(ii) For LDT2, LDT3 and LDT4, the standard is 12.5 grams per mile CO. 

(2) Cold temperature NMHC standards. Fleet average cold temperature NMHC standards apply 

as follows: are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles, and apply equally to certificattion and 

in-use except as otherwise specified in § 86.1811-10(u) for in-use standards for applicable phasein models. Testing with other fuels such as a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend, or testing on 

diesel vehicles, is not required. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must comply with 

requirements using gasoline only.

* * * * * 

§ 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers. 

* * * * * 

(d) * * * 

(1) For vehicles subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in §§ 86.1811, a manufacturer may 

provide a statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply with applicable 

PM standards instead of submitting PM test data for a certain number of vehicles. However, 

each manufacturer must test vehicles from a minimum number of durability data groups as 

follows: 

(i) Manufacturers with a single durability data group subject to the Tier 3 PM standards 

in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for that group. 

(ii) Manufacturers with two to eight durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM 

standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least two durability data groups 

each model year. EPA will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups 

for testing, with the general expectation that testing will rotate to cover a manufacturer’s 

whole product line over time. If a durability data group has been certified in an earlier 

model year based on submitted PM data, and that durability data group is eligible for 
certification using carryover test data, that carryover data may count toward meeting the 

requirements of this paragraph (d)(1), subject to the selection of durability data groups. 

(iii) Manufacturers with nine or more durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in 

§ 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least 25 percent of those durability data groups each 

model year. We will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups for testing as 

described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section. 

* * * * * 

§ 1066.305 Coastdown pProcedures for specifying road-load forces for motor vehicles at or 

below 14,000 pounds GVWR. 

(a) For motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, develop representative road-load 

coefficients to characterize each test vehicle that will be covered by a certificate of conformity. 

Calculate road-load target coefficients by performing coastdown tests using the provisions of 

SAE J1263 and SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in §1066.1010). You may use other 

methods, such as equivalent test procedures or analytical modeling, to characterize road load 

using good engineering judgment. Determine dynamometer settings to simulate the road-load 

profile represented by these road-load target coefficients as described in §1066.315. Perform 

coastdowns at a starting speed as specified in SAE J2263, Supply representative road-load forces 

for each vehicle at speeds above 15 km/hr (9.3 mph), and up to 115 km/hr (71.5 mph) or at the 

highest speed from the range of applicable duty cycles. 

(b) For cold temperature testing described in subpart H of this part, determine road-load target 

coefficients using one of the following methods: 

(1) You may perform coastdown tests or use other methods to characterize road load as 

described in paragraph (a) of this section based on vehicle operation at a nominal ambient 

temperature of -7 °C (20 °F). 

(2) You may multiply each of the road-load target coefficients determined using the procedures 

described in paragraph (a) of this section by 1.1 to approximate a 10 percent decrease in 

coastdown time for the test vehicle. Use the same road-load coefficients for all duty cycles. 

However, if your test conditions are substantially different from the conditions represented by 

your road-load coefficients, such as cold temperature testing, you may use good engineering 

judgment to develop separate road-load coefficients.

§ 1066.710 Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO and NMHC emissions 

and determining fuel economy. 

* * * * * 

(c) Heater and defroster. During the test, operate the vehicle's interior climate control system 

with the heat on and set to primarily defrost the front window. Turn air conditioning off. You 

may not use any supplemental auxiliary heat during this testing. You may set the heater to any 

temperature and fan setting during vehicle preconditioning. 

(1) Manual controlly controlled systems. Unless you rely on automatic control as specified in 

paragraph (c)(2) of this section, take the following steps to control heater settings: 

(i) Set the climate control system as follows before the first acceleration (t=20 s), or before 

starting the vehicle if the climate control system allows it:Prior to the first acceleration, 20 
seconds after the start of the UDDS, set the climate control as follows (these settings may be 

initiated prior to starting the vehicle if allowed by the vehicle's climate control system):

(A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. For automatic control systems running in 

manual mode, set the heater control to 72 °F or higher.

(B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed to full off or the lowest available speed if a full off position is 

not available. 

(C) Airflow direction. Direct airflow to the front window (window defrost mode). 

(D) Air source. If independently controllable, set the system to draw in outside air. 

(ii) At the second idle of the test cycle, which occurs 125 seconds after the start of the test, set 

the fan speed to maximum. Complete by 130 seconds after the start of the test. Leave 

temperature and air source settings unchanged. 

(iii) At the sixth idle of the test interval, which occurs at the deceleration to zero miles per hour 

505 seconds after the start of the test, set the fan speed to the lowest setting that maintains air 

flow. Complete these changes by 510 seconds after the start of the test. You may use different 

vent and fan speed settings for the remainder of the test. Leave the temperature and air source 

settings unchanged. 

(2) Automatic control systems. For vehicles with automatic control systems running in automatic 

mode, you may follow the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section or you may set the 

temperature to 72 °F and the air flow control to the front window defrost mode for the whole 

test. 

(3) Multiple-zone systems. For vehicles that have separate driver and passenger controls or 

separate front and rear controls, you must set all temperature and fan controls as described in 

paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, except that rear controls need not be set to defrost the 

front window. 

(4) Alternative test procedures. We may approve the use of other settings under 40 CFR 86.1840 

if a vehicle's climate control system is not compatible with the provisions of this section. 

* * * * *