APPENDIX D

FINAL REGULATION ORDER SUMMARY & RATIONALE

New Large Spark-Ignition Engines; and,

In-Use Large Spark-Ignition Engine Retrofits

• Title 13, California Code of Regulations

• Test Procedures
This Page Left Intentionally Blank
SUMMARY AND RATIONALE FOR THE NEW AND RETROFIT LARGE 

SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE REGULATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES

Note: This appendix provides a summary of, and the rationale for, the new and retrofit 

large spark-ignition engine regulations and test procedures amendments 

approved by the Air Resources Board on December 16, 2011, and with 

subsequent conforming modifications authorized under Resolution 11-41. 

Revisions to the original summary and rationale document published on 

October 26, 2011, as part of the Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons, are 

indicated either by underlined type to indicate additions (except that some 

existing headings within the document were underlined originally for emphasis, 

and remain so, and thus do not constitute new language) or by strikeout to 

indicate deletions.
This Page Left Intentionally Blank
D-1

Summary and Rationale for Proposed Regulations

Section 2433 Emission Standards and Test Procedures–Off-Road Large 

Spark-Ignition Engines.

This purpose of this section is to identify the exhaust and evaporative emission 

standards, and to incorporate by reference the required test procedures to be used for 

demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission standards of the off-road large 

spark-ignition engine category, which are necessary to control the hydrocarbon, carbon 

monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions from these sources.

(c) The purpose of this subsection is to identify and incorporate by reference the 

test procedures applicable for off-road large spark-ignition engines with displacements 

greater than 1 liter, which are necessary to control the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide 

and oxide of nitrogen emissions from these sources. The amendments clarify the most 

recent amendment date to these test procedure documents.

(d)(1) The purpose of this subsection is to identify and incorporate by reference 

the test procedure applicable for off-road large spark-ignition engines with 

displacements less than or equal to 1 liter, which are necessary to control the 

hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and oxide of nitrogen emissions from these sources. 

The amendment clarifies the most recent amendment date to this test procedure 

document.
D-2

California Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

New 2010 and Later Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines (2010 and Later Test 

Procedure 1048).

PART 1048 – CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD 

SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES

Subpart B—Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Section1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?

(e) This subsection heading was amended for capitalization.

(1) This subsection heading was amended for capitalization.

(2) The purpose of this section is to identify the fuel specifications that are to be 

used for certification testing. This section was amended to allow off-road large 

spark-ignition engine manufacturers the optional use of the new California 10-percent 

ethanol-blend gasoline (E10), or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, which ARB 

will adopt for 2015 and subsequent model on-road motor vehicles, for 2013 through 

2018 2019 model-year engines. Use of this E10, or other ARB-certified certification test 

fuel, will become mandatory beginning with the 2019 2020 model year. The proposed 

optional and required use of this E10, or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, is 

applicable to only exhaust emission test purposes.

(A) The purpose of this subsection is to identify the acceptable test fuels for 

certification testing. The amendment acknowledges an optional, alternate fuel.

(B) The purpose of this new subsection is to provide manufacturers the 

alternative of using the new California 10-percent content of ethanol-blend gasoline 

(E10) , or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, for model years 2013-2018 2019.

(C) The purpose of this new subsection is to require the new California 

10-percent content of ethanol-blend gasoline (E10), or other ARB-certified certification

test fuel, for all 2019 2020 and later model-year off-road large spark-ignition engines.

(2)(D) This subsection was amended for formatting reasons.

(2)(E) This subsection was amended for formatting reasons.
D-3

California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2007 and 

Later Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines (Test Procedures 1065 and 1068).

Subpart H –Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration 

Standards

Section 1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.

(a) The purpose of this section is to identify the fuel specifications that are to be 

used for certification testing. This section was amended to allow off-road large 

spark-ignition engine manufacturers the optional use of the new California 10-percent 

ethanol-blend gasoline (E10) , or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, which ARB 

will adopt for 2015 and subsequent model on-road motor vehicles, for 2013 through 

20182019 model-year engines. Use of this E10, or other ARB-certified certification test 

fuel, will become mandatory beginning with the 2019 2020 model year. The proposed 

optional and required use of this E10, or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, is 

applicable to only exhaust emission test purposes.

(1) The purpose of this subsection is to identify the acceptable test fuels for 

certification testing. The amendment acknowledges an optional, alternate fuel.

(2) The purpose of this new subsection is to provide manufacturers the 

alternative of using the new California 10-percent content of ethanol-blend gasoline 

(E10), or other ARB-certified certification test fuel, for model years 2013-2018 2019.

(3) The purpose of this new subsection is to require the new California 

10-percent content of ethanol-blend gasoline (E10), or other ARB-certified certification

test fuel, for all 2019 2020 and later model-year off-road large spark-ignition engines.

(4) This subsection was amended for formatting reasons.

Section 1065.710 Gasoline.

(b) The purpose of this subsection is to identify the specifications of the 

appropriate fuel for certification testing. The amendment allows the current option to 

use federal test fuel specifications through the 2018 2019 model year, but for 2019 2020

and later model years, it provides an option to use a federal test fuel only if that fuel is a 

ten-percent blend of ethanol or is consistent with other ARB-certified test fuels 

appropriate for use in this category. This ensures consistency with the California 

ten-percent ethanol, or other ARB-certified test fuel, required requirement starting in

2019 2020. 
D-4

Summary and Rationale for Proposed Regulations

Section 2783. Emissions Reduction Testing Requirements.

(d) (1) The purpose of this section is to identify the fuel specifications that are to 

be used for testing. 

(2) The purpose of this new subsection is to require that California’s E10, or other 

ARB-certified certification test fuel, be used to demonstrate compliance with the exhaust 

emission requirements of §2783, if the E10, or other ARB-certified test fuel, was used to 

originally certify the engines of interest under the optional allowance for 2013 through

2018 2019 model years.

(3) The purpose of this new subsection is to ensure that California’s E10, or other 

ARB-certified certification test fuel, be used to demonstrate compliance with the exhaust 

emission requirements of §2783 for engines of interest that were originally certified for 

the 2019 2020 and later model years. 

(4) This subsection was amended for formatting reasons.

Section 2784. Durability Demonstration Requirements.

(c) (1) The purpose of this section is to identify the fuel specifications that are to be 

used for durability testing. This section was amended to differentiate between engines 

of interest that may have been certified originally on California’s E10, or other 

ARB-certified certification test fuel, under the optional allowance for 2013 through 2018

2019 model years and those that were not certified on the E10, or other ARB-certified

certification test fuel. 

(2) The purpose of this new subsection is to require that California’s E10, or 

other ARB-certified certification test fuel, be used to demonstrate compliance with the 

exhaust emission requirements of §2784, if the E10, or other ARB-certified test fuel,

was used to originally certify the engines of interest under the optional allowance for 

2013 through 2018 2019 model years.

(3) The purpose of this new subsection is to ensure that California’s E10, or other 

ARB-certified certification test fuel, be used to demonstrate compliance with the exhaust 
D-5

emission requirements of §2784 for engines of interest that were originally certified for 

the 2019 2020 and later model years.

(4) This subsection was amended for formatting reasons.