2009 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

2-23-2009

Figueroa-Matos v. Atty Gen USA

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-4007

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 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

No. 07-4007

CECIL ROBERTO FIGUEROA-MATOS,

 Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,

 Respondent

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

BIA No. A31-031-083

(U.S. Immigration Judge: Honorable Roxanne C. Hladylowycz)

Argued January 28, 2009

Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, AMBRO and SMITH, Circuit Judges

(Filed: February 23, 2009)

MATTHEW D. BAXTER, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)

Law Offices of Genevieve Gross & Associates, P.C.

2655 Philmont Avenue, Suite 206 

Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania 19006

Attorney for Petitioner

NANCY E. FRIEDMAN, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)

RICHARD M. EVANS, ESQUIRE

SHARON M. CLAY, ESQUIRE

United States Department of Justice

Office of Immigration Litigation 

P.O. Box 878, Ben Franklin Station 

Washington, D.C. 20044

Attorneys for Respondent
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OPINION OF THE COURT

SCIRICA, Chief Judge.

Cecil Roberto Figueroa-Matos, a native and citizen of the Dominican Republic,

petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals. We will grant the

petition.

Figueroa-Matos was admitted to the United States in 1974, at the age of nine. 

Petitioner’s two children, parents and grandson are United States citizens. In June of

1987, petitioner pled guilty to attempted criminal possession of a weapon in the third

degree under N.Y. Penal Code §§ 110, 265.02. He was sentenced to five years probation. 

In September 1989, he was convicted of conspiracy to violate federal narcotics law and

related crimes under 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 812, 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(B). The charges

arose from an incident in which petitioner permitted a friend to deal drugs at the gas

station he owned in exchange for $15,000. A jury convicted him of all charges, and he

was sentenced to twenty-four years in prison. 

The government issued a Notice to Appear on January 5, 2001, charging petitioner

with being removable under INA §§ 237(a)(2)(A)(iii) & (a)(2)(B)(i) for having

committed an aggravated felony and/or a controlled substances offense. Petitioner sought

relief under former INA § 212(c), and the IJ heard testimony from him and several of his

forty-some family members in the United States. The IJ also considered documentary
3

evidence, including a memorandum from the penitentiary staff chaplain and an awards

nomination form from the prison. 

The IJ determined that petitioner was credible and entitled to relief on the basis

that he had been “genuinely rehabilitated,” (IJ op., 21), that he expressed sincere remorse

for his actions, and that he had counseled at-risk youth and his own nephew to encourage

them to continue their schooling and to refrain from criminal activity. The IJ determined

that petitioner would obtain steady employment upon release, in light of his brother’s

promise to employ him, and his extensive experience as a cook and a restaurant manager. 

The IJ concluded that these substantial equities outweighed petitioner’s prior criminal

behavior. (Id.)

The government appealed, and a divided panel of the BIA sustained the appeal. 

The BIA reviewed the IJ’s discretionary determination and concluded that petitioner’s

drug crime was sufficiently serious to outweigh petitioner’s positive equities. Board

Member Cole dissented, stating that she found no clear error in the IJ’s determination of

the facts, which serve “as the foundation for a de novo review of the [IJ’s] legal

conclusions[,]” and that she would have affirmed the IJ’s grant of relief. 

The BIA lacks the authority to review findings of fact by an immigration judge de

novo, but it may review these findings for clear error. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(i); see

Chavarria v. Gonzalez, 446 F.3d 508, 516 (3d Cir. 2006). The BIA may review

“questions of law, discretion, and judgment and all other issues in appeals from decisions
4

of immigration judges de novo.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(ii). In determining whether a

petitioner merits relief under § 212(c), the BIA must balance the adverse factors

evidencing the petitioner’s undesirability as a permanent resident with the social and

humane factors presented in the petitioner’s favor. In re Edwards, 20 I. & N. Dec. 191,

195 (BIA 1990). The key issue presented by this petition for review is whether the

Board, having recited the correct legal standard, misapplied that standard by ignoring the

most significant of petitioner’s positive equities. 

Petitioner asserts that the BIA engaged in de novo fact finding by refusing to

recognize that the IJ had determined that petitioner had been “genuinely rehabilitated.” 

Petitioner argues that the BIA merely ignored this finding and substituted its own finding

that petitioner “has a criminal disposition and is likely to be a recidivist.” (Pet. Br., 19;

see BIA op., 2.) Petitioner also asserts that the BIA pre-judged his case in violation of

due process by categorically denying waivers to applicants with serious drug convictions. 

Cf. In re Burbano, 20 I. & N. Dec. 872, 877 (BIA 1994) (disclaiming such policy). 

We agree with petitioner’s first assertion. The IJ considered the evidence and

determined that petitioner had been rehabilitated, such that his past criminal conduct did

not support a presumption of future criminality. The BIA concluded, without mentioning

petitioner’s rehabilitation, that petitioner’s criminal history evidenced his “criminal

tendencies,” and suggested that he remained a danger to the community. (BIA op. at 2.) 

The BIA did not explicitly deem the IJ’s finding of rehabilitation clearly erroneous, nor
5

did the Board offer reasons for implicitly concluding that petitioner had not been

rehabilitated. 

The government contends that petitioner’s challenge amounts to a disagreement

with the weight the BIA accorded to the favorable and unfavorable factors in petitioner’s

case. This Court would lack jurisdiction to consider such a challenge. 8 U.S.C. §

1252(a)(2)(B)(ii). The government, however, mischaracterizes the BIA’s decision at least

in part. Despite reciting the proper standard for weighing the equities, the BIA

misapplied that standard by ignoring the factor that the IJ found most significant –

petitioner’s genuine rehabilitation. As discussed by the IJ, genuine rehabilitation means

that petitioner is a changed person and no longer a danger to society. In discussing the

positive equities, the BIA discusses petitioner’s large family consisting of many United

States citizens, his model behavior in prison, and his remorse for his past actions. 

However, none of these three observations constitutes an acknowledgment, let alone

discussion, of the IJ’s finding that petitioner has been rehabilitated. Although the BIA

has discretion to accord this factor little weight, the BIA lacks authority to ignore the

factor altogether, especially when the IJ relied principally on that factor in deciding to

grant relief. 

For the aforementioned reasons, we will grant the petition for review and remand

to the BIA for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.