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:$4- SVKTRAj,. CdAhAL7kh1ZAT1UN ex h84 - :3 1 7 -55

HE LANDSAT TUBMATIC MAPPLE SEiiSUJxS (NASA)

0 p 11C A03/h.F A01 CS(.L 08B

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SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER SENSORS

Brian L. Markham and John L. Barker

NASA/'Goddard Space Flight Center

Earth Resources Branch/Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

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SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER SENSORS

INTRODUCTION

The intent of this document is to provide a summary of the information

obtained on the spectral characteristics of the two Thematic Mapper (TM)

instruments built and tested by Hughes Aircraft Company for the NASA

Landsai, Program. The first of these two units, the protoflight (TM/PF)

model, was 'integrated into the Landsat-4 satellite, which was launched

on 16 July, 1982. The second, the flight (TM/F) unit, has been integrated

into the Landsat-4 backup spacecraft, which is scheduled for possible

launch in 1985.

Each Thematic Mapper has seven spectral bands. These bands, with their

nominal bandpasses.are:

1. Blue-green, 450 nm to 520 nm.

2. Green, 520 nm to 600 nm.

3. Red, 630 nm to 690 nm.

4. Near-IR, 760 nm to 900 nm.

5. Mid-IR 1, 1550 nm to 1750 nm.

6. Thermal-IR, 10.4 um to 12.5 um.

7. Mid+IR 2, 2080 nm to 2350 nm.

Each reflective band consists of an array of 16 channels; the thermal band

consists of four channels. Although there., are multiple detectors per band,

there is only one filter per band (covering all detectors). This design

differs from the MSS where each channel has both an individual detector and
filter, The first four bands are located at the primary focal plane of the

TM, which is uncooled, and all use monolithic silicon detectors. Bands 5

through 7 are located on the cooled focal plane, which operates at 90 oK105 0K. Bands 5 and 7 use monolithic InSb detectors; band 6 uses

photoconductive HgCdTe detectors.

NASA placed two sets of specifications related to spectral performance on

the instrument. One set of specifications concerned the spectral coverage of

the bands. The specifications were on the following parameters (Fig. 1):

1. Lower and upper-band edges--points at 50% of peak relative spectral

response (RSR).

2. Lower and upper-edge slopes--widths between specified percentages of 

maximum spectral response.

3. Spectral flatness--percentage of bandpass within given percentage (10%

for reflective bands, 20% for thermal band) of peak response, after

dividing out detector slope for silicon detectors.

4. Spurious sy^,tem response--percentage of response outside 5% RSR points

relative to response inside 509 points for solar equivalent input.

The second set of specifications concerned the spectral matching of the

channels within each of the reflective bands. It stated that w

channels within a band are calibrated to produce equivalent outputs when

viewing the specified flat scene radiances, the maximum difference in

output between channels when all are viewiq ,e specified spectrally sloping

scene shall be less than 0.5 percent of the minimum saturation level (Fig. 2).

Hughes developed separate tests to determine compliance with the spectral

coverage and spectral matching specifications. In addition, other tests•

conducted on the TM instruments revealed spectrally related information. Time

and program constraints limited the number and detail of the spectral tests

conducted, and in general, less spectral data was collected on the TM

instruments than on the MSS sensors (Markham and Barker, 1982).

SPECTRAL COVERAGE

PrnrPAurpc

The primary spectral coverage test* was based on analyses of spectral

measurements on the components contributing to the spectral response: 

filters, detectors and optical surfaces. The overall spectral response for a

TM channel was defined as:

RSR-Ai(X) = TOA(a'!*TFA(X)*RAi(a) (1)

KAi

ugies Aircrat mpany, Santa Barbara Research Center, "TM System Spectral

Response," internal memorandum HS236-7213, Jan. 13, 1981; 11 F-1 TM System

,Relative Spectral Response," internal memorandum HS236-8162, Nov. 9, 1982.

At

__ .
Where:

RSRAi(x) = normalized relative spectral response in band A, channel i

(percent).

TOA(a) = spectral throughput of the optical system in band A (percent).

TFA(a) = spectral transmission of the filters in band A (percent).

RO O = relative spectral response of detector i for band A (percent).

KAi = the normalization factor to bring the peak overall band A, channel

i response to 100%.

x

By measuring the component responses and then calculating the overall

l spectral response, determination of compliance with the spectral coverage

specifications could be facilitated without tying up the TM instrument for

w the test. Note that the er ilter and optical responses were band specific,

whereas the detector response was channel specific.

The optical system for bands 1-4 consists of five mirror surfaces: the

scan mirror, the primary and secondary telescope mirrors and the two

mirrors of the scan line corrector (Fig. 3). Bands 5-7 have two additional

mirror surfaces and two windows: the relay spherical and folding mirrors

and the ambi^:nt and dewar windows, The optical components' transmittances

and reflectances were measured with a spectrophotometer. Measurements of

mirror reflectance were taken on witness samples which were coated

concurrently with each mirror. Reflectance measurements were taken at an

an g le corresponding to use within the system, that is, normal incidence

for all but the scan and scan line corrector mirrors, which were measured

at a 45 degree angle. Window transmittances were measured on the actual

flight parts at a normal angle of incidence. The products of the

appropriate set of meas^, , rements were used as the optical spectral throughputs

for the individual , bands.

Each TM band has one filter for all channels within the band (Fig. 4). The

small size of each filter made measuring its spectral transmittance difficult,

so measurements made on the filter material prior to sizing were used in

the calculations of RSR. Filter materials for bands 1-5, 7 were measured

at nominal operating tempereiture. Band 6 filter material could not be

measured at operating temperature (90oK-105 0K) prior to sizing, and was

therefore measured at ambient temperature. Measurements on a piece of

witness filter material at ambient and at 900K were used to determine a 

factor for converting ambient measurements to 90 0K conditions. Both the

Tt;/PF and TM/F used filters cut from the same pieces of filter material,

therefore ide"Atical filter transmission data were used for both calculations

of RSR,

Each TM-has 16 silicon photodiode detectors for each of bands 1-4, 16 InSb

{ detectors for bands 5 and 7 and four HgCdTe detectors for band 6 (Fig. 4).

The relative spectral ;responses of three of she TM/PF detectors per band

were measured for bands 1-4. Differences between the three detector

measurements were deemed to be smaller than the measurement errors, so the
average of the three was used to represent all 16 detectors of the 

As the detector spectral response should theoretically be smooth, a bestfit curve through the averaged measured responses was used in the calculations

of RSR. The TM/PF measurements were also used to represent the TM/F 

detectors as all detector arrays were from the same batch. For bands 5 and

7, one element of "sister" arrays (manu,'actured from the same wafer as the

actual parts) were measured, as the actual parts could n-t be measured

directly. These measurements were used to represent all 16 detectors for

both the TM/PF and TM/F. For band 6 in the TM/PF all four, detectors were

measured and were individually used to make channel-by-channel calculations

of RSR. For the TM/F, the odd (1 and 3) channels were similar and the even

(2 and 4) channels were similar, and only two calculations were made for

band 6.

Thus, with the exception of band 6, RSR's for the TM units were calculated

on a band-by-band basis. In addition, again excluding band 6, the same

numbers were used for the TM/F as for the TM/PF for the filter and detector

responses. In the reflective bands only the differences in the optical

surfaces between TM/PF and TM/F effected the calculated RSR's. In band 6,

RSR was calculated on a channel-by-channel basis for the TM/PF and with one

calculation for the even channels and one for the odd channels for the

TM/F.

The one spectral coverage specification not addressed by the RSR calculation

was spurio,is system response. The spurious system response, a measure of

out-of-band response, is the integrated response outside the 5% response

points relative to inside the 50/ response points for solar equivalent

input. What was typically used to determine compliance with this specification

was the filter vendor's (Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc.) calculati

the integrated spurious filter transmission--with the integration being

performed across the nominal range of sensitivity for the detectors, but

not considering the detector's response or solar irradiance. For bands 4

and 6, the nominal detector responses and solar irradiances were considered

in the calculation and these should give more accurate representations of

true out-of-band response.

A limited empirical determination of out-of-band response was also conducted

on the TM/F. Peak, responses of the primary focal plane bands to scans of

a slit of light passed separately through witness filter pieces of the

other bands were recorded.'

Results 

The results of the RSR calculations are presented in Figures 5-11, along

with a comparison of the spectral performance to specifications. In Appendix

A the RSR data for TM/PF and TM/F are tabulated (Tables Al-A7). For the

reflective bands (1-5, 7) performance was within specifications and near

nominal with the following exceptions:

1. Bands 2 and 3 flatnesses were slightly below specifications (<5%), and

band 1 flatness was below specifications.

*Hughes Aircraft ompany, SBRC, "Light Leaks in the Prime Focal Plane

Assembly-II," internal memorandum HS236-8163, November 19, 1982.
R

2. Band 5 upper-band edge was higher than specifications: 1730-1770 nm

specified, 1784 nm actual.

3. Band 2 band edges were shifted upward about 9 nm relative to nominal,

4. Band 4, 5 and 7 lower-band edges were 16-18 nm higher than nominal.

The band 5 out-of-specification upper-band edge resulted in the inc l usion of

a portion of the spectrum affected by atmospheric water absorption. This

could contribute to increased sensitivity of the band to atmospheric water

content variability.' The other variations from specifications are not

expected to produce significant data utility impacts. In bands 1-5 and 7

the TM/PF and TM/F responses were similar, with the only differences being

apparent in the within-band shape. The differences in within-band shape

were due to the only differences in the numbers input to the RSR calculation

optics.

In band 6, the TM/PF and TM/F showed fundamentally different spectral respons

The TM/PF upper-band edge was detector determined at a temperature dependent

value of about 11.7 um; the TM/F upper-band edge was filter determined at

12.43 um. The TM/PF band 6 was out of specification in terms of the upper

band edge, upper-edge slope and flatness. The TM/F band 6 was within

specification except for the lower-edge slope which was slightly wide. The

principal reason for the 10.4 um to 12.5 pm bandwidth specification on band

6 was to allow sufficient signal to achieve the 0.5 0K radiometric sensitivit

requirement. As the TM/PF scanner's bend 6 radiometric response was signific

better than specified, the failure to mee^ the spectral specifi:ation was

not critical.

The calculated out-of-band responses suggest that all hands are within

specifications (Table 1). In most bands the spurious response is simply an

indication as to how rapidly the RSR rises from 0% to 5% and drops from 5% t

0%. The bands in general do not contain significant response peaks away from

the primary response region. In band 1 there are two minor transmission

"peaks" at 800 and 885nm with magnitudes of 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively (F

12) In band 3 there is some transmission in the 950-1100nm range, reaching 

peak transmittance of 3% at about 955nm (Fig. 13).

In the empirical test of spurious system response each band gave the highest

output to light externally filtered through a piece of its filter material, a

expected (Table 2). Also adjacent bands showed some spectral "crosstalk" as

their spectral responses overlapped. The only-noteworthy out-of-band resp

occurred in band 1. Band 1 gave a 1.2 count response for a radiance passing

.through a band 4 filter that produced 115 counts in band 4. This indicates t

the two small peaks in.the filter transmission of band 1 in the band 4 region

result in a 1. count response in band 1 for about every 100 counts in band 4

comparable impact on band 4 output filtered by a band 1 filter material was n

obtained due to the lower gain setting in band 4 and the higher response of

silicon in the band 4 region. Note that the impact of the band 3 response at

950-1100 nm was not evaluated in this test as no TM band covered this spectra

region. The impact of the band 3 response at 950-1100 nm would be less than 

filter transmission indicates, as the relative response of the silicon detect

drops rapidly with increasing wavelength in this region. At 950 nm it is

.mss ,•.►:... .^ _ _
down to about 50% of its peak response at 850 nm and dropping rapidly.

SPECTRAL MATCHING

TM/PF Procedures *

The spectral matching test designed for the TM/PF scanner made use of

instrumentation configurations already planned for other tests and data from

existing tests, therebylimiting the impact on program scheduling. First, each

channel of the TM/PF scanner was calibrated on a 1.22 m integrating sphere of

known spectral radiance (Fig. 14). This test, conducted 29-30 June 1981, was 

standard calibration test and provided the gainsand offsets for each channel.

Then on 8-11 July 1981, a second test, Slightly modified to allow for spectral

matching data collection, was conducted. In this test, the TM/PF was aligned 

the TM calibrator (a collimator and several light sources) (Fig. 14). The

output of each channel to the TM calibrator MTF source (a small integrating

sphere) was recorded and converted to radiance using the gains and offsets fro

the first test. The MTF source was filtered for the band 1, 2 and 4 tests. A

the large integrating sphere and the MTF light source were spectrally differen

this provided a spectral matching test, with the differences in output between

channels to the second source indicating the mismatch.

The spectral mismatch was determined as follows:

t

1. Using the gains and offsets of each channel i n a band from the 29-30 June

large integrating sphere test, the effective spectral radiance of the calibrat

MTF source in each channel was calculated from the 8-11 July test output, e.g.

band 1 channel 1:

Parameter Units Value Source

a. GAIN (^!uY!mw cm- 2 st- 1 i,m- 1 ) 16.490 29-30 June test

b. OFFSET (mux) 1.187 29-30 June test

C. OUTPUT TO

CALIBRATOR (mux) 146.720 8-11 July test

d. EFFECTIVE SPECTRAL

RADIANCE (mw/cm2st m) 8.825 (c)-(b)

` (a)

2. The channels with the maximum and minimum effective spectral radiances in

each band were determined. The difference in their spectral radiances

was the spectral mismatch. This difference was-expressed as a percentage

of the average output of all channels in the band to the calibrator or as

a percentage of the minimum saturation level. The first number gave a better

measure of the spectral mismatch; the second number was useful for comparing

to the specifications•.

Although a spectral matching test, this test was not responsive to the origina

NASA specifications. It somewhat more closely matched a set of spectral match

*H ughes Aircraft Company, SBRC, "Spectral Matching Test Requirement-Supplement

to Test BL07," internal memorandum 14 S236-692', July 21, 1980.

^r
s

parameters provided by the Landsat-4 science office (Fig. 15).

TM/PF Results

The results of the TM/PF spectral matching tests (Table 3)* showed "spectral

mismatches" of up to 69 of signal values (2% of minimum saturation levels),

suggesting that either the detectors were poorly matcheo within bands or the

filters had significant local variations in spectral transmittantc. Two factor

may have caused the indicated spectral mismatches to be greater than the actual

values. First, the two tests were conducted about two weeks apart. Although

TM detectors are stable relative to MSS photomultipliers, some changes in

gains and offsets may have affected the results. Second, measurements of the

TM calibrator's MTF spherical integrating source (SIS) indicated significant

non-uniformities in illumination. As in the test using the calibrator's SIS,

each channel views a different portion of the source, these non-uniformities

could have contributed to inflating the spectral mismatches.* No additional

spectral matching tests were performed on the TM/PF to improve the spectral

mismatch estimates.

TM/F Procedurest

The spectral matching test was redesigned for the TM/F tests. Data from a 1.22

m integrating sphere test (14 July 1982) were again used to provide the gains

and offsets. Then, a new second test, conducted on 15 July 1982 provided the

alternate spectral source. In this test a laboratory collimator and a 15 cm

integrating sphere replaced the TM calibrator with its spherical integrating

source. In addition, a new set of spectral filters.was obtained, such that the

differences in spectral slopes of the two sources closely approximated the spec

differences.

A second modified TM/F spectral matching test was conducted in an attempt to

reduce the inflation of the spectral mismatch due to any non-uniformities of

this 15 cm integrating sphere. In this test, the same data as before were take

with the filtered source mounted in the collimator and a second set of data was

taken with the spectral filter removed. The data, signal levels in MUX, were

converted to effective spectral radiance using the 1.22 m sphere calibration.

To calculate spectral mismatch, the minimum difference in any channel's output

to the two sources was subtracted from the maximum difference in any channels

output to give the error quantity, which was then expressed as a percentage of

the output or the minimum saturation level. An additional correction was appli

to the resultant percentages to account for the fac t. that the difference in

spectra for the collimator with and without filters did not conform to the

specified values,

*Hughes Aircraft Co., SBRC, "TM PF BL07R Test"Result Summary," internal

memorandum, HS236-1567, July 23, 19P1.

+Hughes Aircraft Co., SBRC, "Protoflight Spectral Matching Performance

Revisited," internal memorandum, HS236-7608, August 25, 1981.

tHughest Aircraft Co., SBRC, "TM Spectral Matching," internal memorandum,

HS236-7873, March 1, 1982.
TM/F Results

Results of the first test (Table 4)* were generally "better" than in the TM/P

tests, except in band 4 where the TM/F test was more severe than the TM/PF tes

Still, specifications were not indicated as being met in bands 1, 4 and 5. I

the second test (Table 5) better performance was indicated, with all but band 

meeting specifications.

To provide a reference point for the TM/F spectral mismatch results, the

spectral mismatches of the five existing MSS sensors were calculated using th

measured channel-by-channel relative spectral responses (Norwood et al., 1972

Felkel et al., 1917; Markham and Barker, 1982) for the specified targets (Tab

6). + The TM spectral mismatches fell within the range of MSS mismatches or w

somewhat better. Thus; if the TM/F results can also be considered representa

of the TM/PF spectral mismatches, no greater spectral striping problems can b

expected on the TM than on past MSS's.

ug esAircraft Company, SBRC, "Spectral Matching Test Results--Second

Revision," internal memorandum, HS236-8084-2, July 21, 1982.

+The output of each MSS channel was calculated as:

b

E

OUTPUT = I=a

SR(I) *RSR(I)

E RSR(I)

I=a

Where:

I -,points o4 RSR mea,v-emerh

a,b - range of non-zero relative spectral responses for channel

SR(I) - sloped radiance at I for comparable TM Band (mw/cm st um)

RSR(I) - relative spectral respon r of channel at I

OUTPUT - output of channel (mw/cm st u^i)

The maximum output minus the minimum output equalled the spectral mismatch.

This divided by the average output in the band provided the percentage spectr

mismatch.
1

PRIMARY FOCAL PLANT LIGHT LEAKS*

One additional spectrally related characteristic observed on the TM/F was a

family of light leaks in the primary focal plane. These leaks were discovered

during the spatial coverage testing of the TM/F. The light leaks have the

following characteristics:

1. They affect all tour bands in the prime focal plane (PFP) and no bands

in the cooled fecal plane (CFP).

2. They appear as secondary maxima in the scan direction line spread function

(Fig. 16).

3. Their position is the same for both the odd and even half bands, (the

odd and even detectors are displaced from each other by 2.5 IFOV's) (Table 7

The magnitude of the light leaks is the same for all detectors in a halfband.

4. They are roughly 20 IFOV's (track direction) by 1 IFOV (scan direction)

in dimensions.

5. They are white leaks: the light does not pass through the spectral filters,

though their relative magnitude does depend on the spectral character of the

illumination.

The location and shape of the light leaks suggests they are associated with the

gaps between the filter mounts in the primary focal plane (Fig. 4). The gaps

between the filter mounts and the slots between the individual band assemblies

do not perfectly coincide. This may be allowing light to scatter into the

detectors. Note that the PFP diagram is for the TM/PF, whereas the light leak

data is the TM/F. It is believed that the TM/PF has comparable leaks, though

not exactly at the same locations and of the same magnitudes•. Also note that

the worst measured light leak was about 1% of the detector's response, though

this percentage would be greater when the detector is centered on a dark target

and the light leaks are centered on a neighboring bright, area.

SUMMARY

Spectral coverage for the TM/PF and TM/F instruments was determined by analyses

of spectral measurements of the optics, filters and detectors. Individual

channel relative spectral responses were not measured. In the reflective

bands, optics accounted for the only differences between the TM/PF and the

TM/F, and the calculated spectral responses were similar. The only significant

deviation from specifications in the reflective bands was the band 5 upper-band

edge which extended to 1784 nm into an atmospheric water absorption region. In

band 6 (emissive thermal) the TM/PF and TM/F had fundamentally different

spectral responses. The TM/PF upper-band edge was lower than specifications,

however the detectors were sufficiently sensitive to exceed the

0.50K radiometric specification, so the narrower bandwidth was not critical.

The TM/F met the upper-band edge specification, as well as the radiometric

specification, but was less sensitive overall.

*Hughes Aircraft Co., SBRC, ! 'Li ght Leaks in the Prime Focal Plane Assembly-I[,"

internal memorandum, HS236-8163, November 19, 1982.
9

r

ORIGAINAL

°)F POOR QUAL11V

FIGURE 4

COMPARISON OF CALIBRATION PULSES BETWEEN FORWARD AND

REVERSE SCANS

POS"LAUNCH DATA

NAND 1, DRIII S

1ST FORWARD 61ST REVERSE SCAN

SCENE r01001l164

LAMP 011

M

SAMPLE NUMSER, ml (RELATIVE MINOR FRAME NUMBER)

FIGURE 9

POSTLAUNCH RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION — TM LANDSAT4

TMI CHANNEL I

• SCAN NUMSER

• PULSE VALUES USED IN COMPUTING PULSE AVERAGE,

P, IN T11E SCROUNGE SYSTEM.

13

, Ees,,.,^ .rr• •^s • ,w3

EN

•

118

• t

NS

M

•

S M !M 1M ESS 310 TES as NS
Band 1 and band 3 filters had minor transmission peaks in the near-IR region:

0,59 and 0.7% at 800 nm and 885 nm respectively for hand 1, 2.8% and 1.2% at

945 nm and 1000 nm respectively for band 3.

Satisfactory spectral matrh¢rxg data for the TM/ p F was never obtained. The T11/F

spectral matching data indicated within specification performance (<0.5%) for

all but band 4 (1.7%). Comparison to MSS performance indicated TM performed

comparably or better than MSS's in spectral matching,

Several minor leaks were detected in the TM/F prime focal plane. The odd

channels of band 1 (magnitude of the light leaks comparable for all detectors

io a half band), had the largest light leaks. In the band 1 odd channels, with

the TM calibrator 'white' light source, a light leak at 13.1 IFOV along scan

off the detector center made about a 1% contribution to the signal. The locati

and shape of the light Teaks suggests that they are associated with the slots

at the sides of the individual band assemblies. It is believed the TM/FF has

comparable light leaks.

ACKINOWLEDGEMENTS

This paper is based solely on data obtained from Hughes/SBRC. This data has

been provided along with 9enerous assistance in interpretation by R. W. Cline,

J. C. Lansing and D. G. Brandshaft. The assistance of Sy Lee and Ronald

Achenbach in data entry and presentation is also greatly appreciated,

REFERENCES

Felkel, E. 0., K. Brinkman, R. Coon, and J. St-ivers, 1977, "Five-Band MultiSpectral Scanner--Final Report," Hughes Aircraft Co., Final Report for NASA

contract NAS5-11255.

Markham, B. L., and J. L. Barker, 1982, "Spectral Characterization of the 

Landsat-D Multispectral Scanner Subsystems," NASA TM- 83955, NASA/GSFC,

Greenbelt, MD, 45 pp.

Norwood, V. T., L R. Fernelia and G. A. Tadler, 1972, "Multispectral Scanner 

System for ERTS-Four-Band Scanner System, Final Report," NASA CR-132758,

NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD.
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400 450 500 550

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 450* 10 452 452

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 520±10 518 518

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

20% TO 70 0/o 20 (MAX) 7 8

5% TO 70% 30 (MAX) 14 15

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

70% TO 20% 20 (MAX) 5 6

70% TO 5% 40 (MAX) 14 14

FLATNESS (%) — 32 42

WITH LINEAR CORRECTION 75 (MIN) 78 76

600

Figure 5. Thematic Mapper spectral performance — band 1. 

.
0.2

0.3

450 500 550 600 650 700

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 520t 10 529 528

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 600± 10 610 610

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

20% TO 70% 20 (MAX) 20 17

5% TO 70% 30 (MAX) 25 22

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

70% TO 20% 20 (MAX) 9 9

i'0% TO 5% 40 (MAX)- 19 18

FLATNESS (%) — 26 48

WITH LINEAR CORRECTION 75 (MIN) 71 72 •

*OUT OF SPECIFICATION

Figure 6. Thematic Mapper spectral performance — band 2.

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w
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l.0

_ 0.8

.

J 0.6 d

U

0.4

e

J

0.2

00

550 600 650 700 750 800

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 630:t 20 624 626

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 690t10 693 693

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

20% TO 70% 20 (MAX) 14 15

5% TO 70% 30 (MAX) 21 22

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

70% TO 20% 20 (MAX) 7 6

70% TO 5% 40 (MAX) 18 18

FLATNESS (%) — 65 56

WITH LINEAR CORRECTION 75 (MIN) 71 73 •

*OUT OF SPECIFICATION

Figure 7. Thematic Mapper spectral perforniance — band 3.

t
0.8 ---MTO-FL I GHT

FLIGHT

n

(^^ r k. ^"^kyr y 

^4a Wipu h 1

750 B00 850 900 950 1000

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

^ 0.9

a

J

0.2

0.0"

700

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 760:t 20 776 776

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 900± 10 905 904

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

20% TO 70% 20 (MAX) 13 13

5% TO 70% 30 (MAX) 23 24

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

70% TO 20% 30 (MAX) 9 10

70% TO 5% 40 (MAX) 17 18

FLATNESS (%) — 76 53

WITH LINEAR CORRECTION 75 (MIN) 1 81

t NO CORRECTION NEEDED

Figure S. "thematic Mapper spectra( performance — band 4.
ORIGINAL pir4u',

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1.0

_ 0.8 ^. _PROT0-FLIGHT

"' .... FLIGHT

0.6

aa

0. q

r=4

0.2

0.0`- 

1450 1550 1650 1750 1850 1950

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 1550±20 1568 1567

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 1750±20 1784 1784 •

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

5% TO 75% 50 (MAX) 32 33

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

75% TO 5% 50 (MAX) 42 43

FLATNESS 1%) 75 (MIN) 84 84

• OUT OF SPECIFICATION

Figure 9. Thematic Mapper spectral perfonnance — band S.
FPS

0.2

0 0 1.. I_J^.^-, I . ,^ , I , , , n , ^l,.J l

1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500

WAVELENGTH (NANOMETERS)

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (nm) 2080:t 30 2097 2097

UPPER BAND EDGE (nm) 2350t 30 2347 2349

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (nm)

5% TO 75% 80 75 71

UPPER BAND EDf.;E SLOPE (nm)

75% TO 5% 80 37 37

FLATNESS 1%) 75 59 57 •

*OUT OF SPECIFICATION

Figure 10. Thematic Mapper spectral performance — band 7.

OF POOH"

_MTO-FLIGHT

.... FLIGHT

110

0.8

0.6

U

^ 0.4
6 .., merMlFr

nlFr

6

#

t

I5 100 IOE 110 116 110 1111 11

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I

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^ 0

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'ti0_,wr 4

or POOH QUALr{ry

DETECTON 1 pETECTOe 7

k 0.6 ,,,,worI+LIFr ^/

afar

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120....2$ 130

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oETEGT011 # 

^ "` 0,6^

i ^ D 6 — Ap rpglFr ,^^9rPRIFr

Q ... /41F1 ^ nlFl 

0f6 ^ 0.6

fA 01

^

0.2 0.2— 

I

0.0

96 0.0 100 105 110 11 5 120 175 120 I6 100 105 110 11 6 120 17.5 190

WAVELENGTM IMIC110MITE951 WAVELENGTH IMICAOMETE1151

SPECTRAL PARAMETER SPECIFICATION PROTOFLIGHT FLIGHT

LOWER BAND EDGE (μm) 10.4+0.1 10.42 10.45

UPPER BAND EDGE (μm) 12.510.1 Fff 76UI 12.43

LOWER BAND EDGE SLOPE (μm)

5% TO 75% 0,3 (MAXI 0.25 00-34 •

UPPER BAND EDGE SLOPE (μm)

75% TO 5% 0,3 (MAX) FT. 6-11 0.26

FLATNESS (%) 75 r677 78 

*OUT OF SPECIFICATION 

Figure 11. Thematic Mapper spectral perrormance — band 6.
z0

N

N_

U)

N

z

9

ORIGINAL ^",• :^ r^

OF POGO Qt^.i,i`^°

1,0

0,5

Nzi

0

Figure 12, Thematic Mapper band 1 out-of-band filter transmission. Note

scale 0-1 %.

5

ti

3

2

goo 1100

Figure 13. Thematic Mapper band 3 out -of-band filter transmission between 900 & 1 100 nm. Note scale 0-5",,..

,
rY'+

FF R M"rk~

^^ b T ^1 ^.0 ^'^ ya

Figure 14. Spectral matching test schematic. One set of measurements was taken viewing the large integrating sphere

(mirror removed). A second set of measurements was

taken viewing the small sphere (mirror in place). The

TM calibrator with ;NITF source acted as the collimator/

small sphere for the PF tests. A laboratory collimator

and a separate small sphere were used for the F tests.

ORIGINAL SPECS ( oreFLAT

-- SCIENCE OFFICE RECOMMENDATIONS ( gut )

------ TM/PF TEST 6ii i

1.0

LLC N 0.!

p o.6

.^ W 0.7

N S 0.6

4K V

OW. 0.6

p fA 0.4

Z

03

/ 1 ^

\

i

^ N A • r•

0.4 0.6 018 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.0 212 2.4

WAVELENGTH (NM)

'NONMAL410 TO MAX - 1

Figure 15. Ratio of spectral slopes of Spherical Integration Sources

(SIS) used for TM/PF spectral matching tests in relation

to specifications and science office recommendations.

TM/F tests simulated the original specifications.
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bw X70 7079 ifo0

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Figure 1, Spectral coverage parameters under specification for TM bands

1-4, The bands 5.7 specifications were on till; 5 .75% edge slope

and the bald 6 flatness specificat on was at 60;"c RSR.

WAVELENGTH, A

lyml

Figure 2, Spectral matching requirements for the Thematic Mapper reflective bands. When all channels within a band are calibrated to

produce equivalent outputs when viewing the specified flat

scene radiance, then the maximum difference in output between

channels when all are viewing the spectrally sloping scene shall

br less than 0.5 percent of the minimum saturation level.
A

Table I,

T1I Integrated Out-of-Band Responses In Relation

to Specifications

OUT-OF-BAND RESPONSES

BAND CALCULATED FROM FILTER TRANSMISSION (%) SPECIFICATION

1 1,64% 5 (MAX)

2 1,30% 5 (MAX)

3 2.87% 5 (MAX)

4 0,78%' 5 (MAX)

5 0,79% 5 (MAX)

7 1,25% 5 (MAX)

6 0.81%0 5 (MAX)

Dt'TECTOR RSR AND SOLAR IRRADIANCE CONSIDERFO IN CALCULATION

Table 2.

ThI/F Peak Responses to Filtered Slit Light Source

BAND

IN WHICH SOURCE LIGHT FILTER (BAND N)

OUTPUT

MEASURED 1 2 3 4

1 120.0 6.6 010 1.2

2 2.7 82.0 1.2 0.2

3 <0.2 1.5 105.0 0.2

4 —0.2 —0.2 <0,1 11510

r _ ...
pp pp po pp pp ^^,

{^^ '^ 1lt. Yi N 41 1^ 1R J ^ ' i^ ifl O ^

r^ Vl M * O O O a O O ~ ^ n ^ H!

^o

U Ca r. K ^! O ^N Ste; N PM+ f C^ 1 r i,1 :^ 

S C V1 0 O OC M

^^ ^^ 

nn pD

^ ^

gggq

V ... `

^I ^^ W N N^ O. O ^ 0

^W. N M ♦ r ^^

{

Q{

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F Q

` r N m N P ^

V

^ n N M • J ^ 

Y

^ W

Z ^J

x o d o o ci d yat

y 2 t .^ m O N fD N N^^ N ^^ 2 4 .^ •f N^1 n O .' 

y n:• t CW) y ^i ^^ O ^^lJ Q WU N C i O D O

n ^^ W U ^

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y pn s^ ^ '.^ ^ 2 i C O iR

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Table 7.

Principal TM/F Primary Focal Plane Light Leaks (Magnitudes > 0,2 MUX with

MTF Slit Source)

LEAK POSITION

LEAK RELATIVE TO LEAK AMPLITUDE HALF-BAND AMPLITUDE CENTRAL MAX (5 PEAK RESPONSE

(1FOV'S) (AIUX)

]-ODD -13.1 1.3 1.10

I - EVEN -15.6 0.45 0.37

14.7 0.20 0.16

2-ODD -12,0 0.20 0,18

2 - EVEN - - -

3 - ODD -12.0 0,30 0.27

12.3 0.90 0.80

3 - EVEN -14.8 0.25 0.21

9.7 0.30 0.26 

4-ODD -11.7 0.30

0.24 

12.6 0.20 0.16

4 - EVEN -14.0 0.60 0.53

-7.4 0.30 0.26

1011 0.20 0.18 
,r

11

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