Wm. A. Lamb.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 323

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PART IH. OHIO EIYER BASIN

BY

A. H. HORTON, W. E. HALL 

AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

WATER- SUPPLY PAPER 323

SORFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PART III. OHIO RIYER BASIN

BY

A. H. HORTON, W. E. HALL 

AND H. J. JACKSON

a 3

a fr.£0

«

. o

WASHINGTON

GOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914:
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Publications.............................................................. 6

Definition of terms......................................................... 9

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 10

Explanation of data........................................................ 11

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results................. 12

Cooperation.............................................................. 13

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Station records............................................................ 14

Allegheny River basin................................................. 14

Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.............................. 14

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa.................................. 16

Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa............................... 19

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa................................... 20

Monongahela River basin.............................................. 23

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va.................................. 23

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.................................. 25

Buckhannon River at Hall, W. Va.................................. 26

^West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va............................... 27

*Elk Creek near Clarksburg, W. Va................................. ' 29

Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va................!.............. 31

Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va.............................. 31

Shavers Fork River at Parsons, W. Va.............................. 34

Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa.............................. 36

Casseltnan River at Confluence, Pa................................. 37

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa................................ 38

Muskingum River basin............................................... 39

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio............................... 39

Mohican River basin.................................................. 41

Mohjcan River at Pomerene, Ohio................................. 41

Kanawha River basin.................................................. 42

South Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C....................... 42

New River near Grayson, Va...................................... 42

New River at Radford, Va.......................................... 43

New River at Fayette, W. Va....................................... 46

North Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C...................... 47

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va.................................. 48

Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va............................ 49

Little River near Copper Valley, Va................................ 50

Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va................................. 51

Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va....................................... 52

Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va................................... 53

Bluestone River near True, W. Va................................. 54

Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va............................ 54

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va................................ 56

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va................................. 58

Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va........................... 59

3
4 CONTENTS.

Station records Continued.

Kanawha Elver basin Continued. Page.

Gauley River near Belva, W. Va................................... 59

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va................................. 61

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va............................. 62

Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va............................... 63

Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va..................................... 64

Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va..................................... 65

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va..................................... 67

Coal River at Fuqua, W. Va....................................... 68

Coal River at Tornado, W. Va..................................... 69

Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va............................... 69

Mill Creek basin...................................................... 71

Mill Creek at Arlington Heights, Ohio.............................. 71

Mill Creek at Cincinnati, Ohio..................................... 71

Miami River basin.................................................... 72

Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio.................................... 72

Dix River basin....................................................... 74

Dix River near Burgin, Ky........................................ 74

Wabash River basin.................................................... 76

Wabash River at Mount Carmel, 111................................ 76

Embarrass River near Oakland, 111.................................. 78

Embarrass River at St. Marie, 111.................................. 80

East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind......................... 82

Little Wabash River near Clay City, 111............................. 84

Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, 111........................ t. 85

Little Wabash River at Carmi, 111................................... 86

Skillet Fork near Wayne City, 111- .................................. 87

Skillet Fork near Mill Shoals, 111................................... 89

Tennessee River basin................................................ 90

French Broad River at Asheville, N. C............................. 90

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Term ............................... 92

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.............................. 94

South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn..................... 97

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn.............................. 98

Doe River at Blevins, Tenn........................................ 101

Doe River at Valley Forge, Tenn.................................. 102

Doe River near Elizabethton, Tenn.................................

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C............................. 103

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn............................ 104

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C. ................................ 106

Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C..................................... 108

Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn.................................. 110

Ocoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn.................................. 112

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 115

Summary of discharge per square mile....................................... 115

Index.................................................................... 117

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Typical gaging stations......................................... 12

II. Price current meter.............................................. 13
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF OHIO RIYER BASIN, 1912.

By A. H. HOETON, W. E. HALL, and H. J. JACKSON.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of twelve reports presenting results 

of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States 

during the calendar year 1912.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic 

law (20 Stat. L., p. 394) which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and productsx>f the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, 

and for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the 

preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources. 

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895................................................... |12, 500

1896................................................... 20, 000

1897 to 1900,inclusive................................... 50, 000

1901 to 1902,inclusive................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906,inclusive................................... 200,000

1907................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive................................... 100, 000

1911 to 1913,inclusive................................... 150, 000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected, and of 

the second kind on page 13.
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 2,000 points 

in the United States, and also at many points in small areas in Seward 

Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in the Hawaiian 

Islands. During 1912 gaging stations were maintained by the 

Survey and the cooperating organizations at about 1,500 points, 

and many discharge measurements were made at other points. In 

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to 

precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and 

water power in many sections of the country and will be made 

available in the regular water-supply papers from time to time.

PUBLICATIONS.

A report has been prepared for each calendar year embodying the 

stream-flow data collected during that year. An index to the reports 

containing stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published as Water-Supply Paper 119. Circulars are also available 

giving complete lists of the gaging stations maintained by the Survey 

to date, and a list of the reports relating to the water supply of the 

country.

Prior to 1902 gage heights and discharge measurements were 

published in water-supply papers or bulletins and estimates of 

monthly discharge in annual reports; since 1902 both classes of 

data have been published in water-supply papers and they are now 

being published in twelve parts, as shown in the following table:

Papers on surface water supply of the United States, 1912.

Part.o

I

II

III

IV

V 

VI

VII 

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

321

322

323

324

325 

326

327 

328

329

330

331

332

Title.

North Atlantic coast basins.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins. 

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin. 

Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

Pacific coast basins in California.

North Pacific coast basins.

« For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports, a general plan has been agreed upon by 

the United States Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather 

Bureau, and the United States Geological Survey, according to which the area of the United States has 

been divided into 12 parts, whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage lines indicated by the parts 

of the report.

A list of reports containing stream-flow data is presented in the 

following table:
PUBLICATIONS.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt.2. .........

12th A, pt.2... .......

14th A, pt.2. .........

B131... ..............

16th A, pt.2.. ........

B140.. ...............

WS 11........ ........

WS 15..... ...........

WS 16.. ..............

19th A, pt.4. .........

WS 27.. ..............

WS 28.. ..............

20th A, pt. 4..........

WS 35 to 39. ..........

21st A, pt. 4. ..........

WS47to 52..... ......

22d A, pt.4. ..........

WS 65, 66...... .......

WS 75. ...............

WS 82 to 85. ..........

WS 97 to 100. .........

WS 124 to 135. ........

WS 165 to 178. ........

WS 201 to 214. ........

WS 241 to 252. ........

WS 261 to 272. ........

WS 281 to 292. ........

WS 301 to 312. ........

WS 321 to 332. ........

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements; and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern MississippiRiver, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

..... do ..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

18%. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The table on page 8 gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 

to 1911. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for any station in the area covered by Part I are 

published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 261, 281, 

301, and 321, which contain records for the New England streams 

from 1903 to 1912. The year covered by the report is indicated at 

the head of the column in which the paper is listed.
8 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET III.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1912.

North Atlantic coast (St. John 

River to York River) .......

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico (James 

River to the Mississippi) ....

St. Lawrence River and Great

Hudson Bay and upper MissisMissouri River ................

Lower Mississippi River. ......

Great Basin. ..................

Pacific coast in California. .....

01899

35

035,36 

36

36

36

*36,37

37

37

»37,38

38,o39

38,939

38

61900

47, c 48

48 

48, » 49

49

49

49, * 50

50

50

50

51

51

51

1901

65,75

65,75 

65,75

65,75

; 65, 66, 75

66,75

^65,66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

1902

82

082,83 

83

<82,83

/83,85

84

/83,84

84

85

85

85

85

1903

97

097,98 

98

97

,/ 98, 99, 100

99

/98,99

99

100

100

100

100

1904

d 124,« 125, / 126

/ 126, 127 

128

129

i 128, 130

130,w 131

i 128, 131

132

133

133, P 134

134

135

North Atlantic coast (St. 

John River to York 

River)..................

South Atlantic coast and 

eastern Gulf of Mexico 

(James River to the 

Mississippi) .............

St. Lawrence River and

Hudson Bay and upper 

Mississippi River. ......

Lower Mississippi River. . Western Gulf of Mexico...

Pacific coast in California. 

North Pacific coast .......

1905

d!65,«166,/167

/ 167, 168

169

170

171

172

) 169, 173 

174 

175,rl77

176,? 177

177 

* 177, 178

1906

<*201,«202,/203

/ 203, 204

205

*206

207

208

i 205, 209 

210 

211

212, p 213

213 

214

1907-8

241

242

243

244

245

246

247 

248 

249

250, P 251

251 

252

1909

261

262

263

264

265

266

267 

268 

269

270, P 271

271

272

1910

281

282

283

284

285

286

287 

288 

289

290

291 

292

1911

301

302

303

304

305

306

307 

308 

309

310

311

312

1912

321

322

323

324

325

326

327 

328 

329

330

331 

332

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, part 4.

6 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation 

in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual. 

Report, part 4.

c Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

<* New England rivers only.

* Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. 

/Susquehanna River to Yadkin River, inclusive. 

a James River only.

* Scioto River.

* Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper.

/ Tributaries of Mississippi from east. 

* Gallatin River.

I Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Platte. 

» Platte and Kansas rivers.

» Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison. 

o Mobave River only.

V Great Basin in California, excepting Truckee and Carson drainage basins. 

9 Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast drainage basins. 

f Below junction with Gila.

* Rogue, CJmpqua, and Siletz rivers only.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.
DEFINITION OF TEBMS. 9

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Albany, N. Y., room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Newport, Ky., Federal Building.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Brooks Arcade.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, CaL, 505 Customhouse.

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Capitol Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications will be sent on application to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches, and acre-feet. The units used 

in this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, 

run-off in depth in inches, and acre-feet. They may be denned as 

follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot 

wide, 1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot a second. It is generally used as 

a fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of the 

factors given in the following table of equivalents.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which the drainage 

area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given 

period were, conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It 

is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed 

in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

commonly used in connection'with storage for irrigation.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7. ........

8.........

9.........

Run-off In Inches.

1 day.

0.03719 

.07438 

.11157 

.14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

. 33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Secondfeet.

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in acre-feet.

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For partial month multiply values for one day by the number of days.

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of March 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570'second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month,

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.
EXPLANATION OP DATA. 11

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equal about 1 kilowatt.

mil* * -11 Sec.-ft.Xfallinfeet To calculate water power quickly: TT =net horsepower on water

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data, 

so far as available, are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, table of daily discharge, table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off. For 

stations located at weirs or dams the gage-height table is omitted.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation, of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions 

which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements 

are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken 

each day, usually in the morning and in the evening. The gage height 

given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water 

above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected by the presence 

of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions are published 

as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections to the gage 

heights are known and applied. Attention is called to the fact that
12 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART m.

the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitrary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general the zero is 

located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that negative 

readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the 

discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report, but can be determined from the tables of daily 

gage heights and daily discharge by plotting gage heights in feet as 

ordinates and discharge in second-feet as abscissas.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the 

day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is 

the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when 

the water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise in the column at "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column 

headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 9, are based.

The base data presented in this report, unless otherwise stated in 

description of station, have been collected by the methods commonly 

used at current-meter gaging stations and described in standard 

textbooks.

Plate I shows typical gaging stations. Plate II shows current 

meters used in the work.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND 

COMPARATIVE RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the 

natural conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and 

care with which the data are collected. Errors of the first group 

depend on the degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of 

the relation between discharge and stage.

Errors of the second class are due, first, to errors in observation of 

stage; second, to errors in measurements of flow; and, third, to 

errors due to misinterpretation of stage and flow data.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 323 PLATE

A. CABLE STATION WITH AUTOMATIC GAGE.

13. STATION FOR BRIDGE MEASUREMENT. 

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

£L' i

 ?

PRICE CURRENT METERS.
COOPEEATION. 13

daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly 

well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or * approximate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and 

are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but to 

the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 

probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 

In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; G, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of runoff in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or 

omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use, and 

they should, therefore, be considered as only approximate, particularly for periods of irrigation or of low water. For these errors it is 

as a rule not feasible to make adequate correction.

In general, the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the law, but also to 

afford any engineer the means of examining and adjusting to his own 

needs the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as to give only a general idea of the flow at the 

station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates. 

The determinations of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of * 

the variation in flow by which the period of deficiency may be determined.

It should be borne in mind that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published, and the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these papers should verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier years as may seem necessary.

COOPERATION.

The State of Illinois has paid for the stream gaging work in that 

State, the appropriation being in charge of the Rivers and Lakes 

Commission, Robert R. McCormick, chairman.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI. 

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data for Allegheny Eiver at Eed House, N. Y., have been 

collected and the estimates prepared under the direction of C. C. 

Covert, district engineer, assisted by C. S. De Golyer and Frank 

Weber.

The field data for the Ohio River drainage basin, with the exception of Allegheny Eiver at Eed House, N. Y., and the Tennessee 

Eiver drainage basin, have been collected under the direction of A. H. 

Horton, district engineer, assisted by C. T. Bailey, P. S. Monk, and 

L. S. tjarr.

Stations in Pennsylvania are now maintained and the stream-flow 

data collected and furnished to the Survey by the Water Supply 

Commission of Pennsylvania.

The field data in the Tennessee Eiver drainage basin have been 

collected by W. E. Hall, district engineer.

The ratings and studies of the completed data were made by A. H. 

Horton, W. E. Hall, and H. J. Jackson. The completed data were 

prepared for publication and the estimates of discharge during 

periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to 

have been affected by ice (except for Allegheny Eiver at Eed House, 

N. Y.) were made by H. J. Jackson, assistant engineer. The computations were made by J. G. Mathers, H. D. Padgett, C. L. Batchelder, B. E, Jones, M. I. Walters, and G. A. Wallace.

The report was edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood.

STATION RECORDS.

ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN.

ALLEGHENY RIVER AT RED HOUSE, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge at Red House, N. Y., on the road leading from the 

Pennsylvania Railroad station to the Erie Railroad station; about 5 miles below 

Salamanca and 13 miles above the State line between New York and Pennsylvania. Conewango Creek, the outlet of Chautauqua Lake, enters the Allegheny 

in the State of Pennsylvania.

Records available. September 4,. 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area 1,640 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to the upstream side of bridge near left-hand end; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent since establishment of station; broken by three 

bridge piers. Bed of stream, coarse gravel. Current good for medium and high 

stages; rather slow at low stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Ice affects the relation of gage height to discharge for periods during 

December, January, February, and March.

Artificial control. Low-water flow may be slightly affected by the operation of 

several small power plants above Salamanca. At Olean, N. Y., a wasteway from 

Cuba reservoir enters the river through Olean Creek. This reservoir is on the
ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN. 15

divide between Oil Creek, tributary to Allegheny River, and Genesee River, 

tributary to Lake Ontario. The stored water is commonly turned into Genesee 

River through the abandoned summit level of Genesee River canal, but may be 

diverted into Oil Creek through a guard lock at the head of the canal.

Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 15

July 15

Dec. 6

6

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer..........................................................

C. S. De Golyer..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.37

3.30

6.67

6.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

542

6,670

7,190

« Measurement made under complete ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[W. E. Coe, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

tr.::::::::::::

5............... 

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.5 

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

Feb.

.......

4.35

4.35

4.35

4.35

4.30

4.30

4.30

7.30

4.30

4.30

4.35

4.35

4.30

4.30

4.30

.......

Mar.

4.25

4.35

4.60

4.6

4.8 

4.8

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.2

7.8

7.0

7.8

8.3

9.5

8.7

7.3

6.4

6.1

5.5

5.0

5.0

5.4

7.9

9.6

9.8

Apr.

10.4

11.0

10.6

9.9

9.3 

9.5

9.0

8.6

8.7

8.1

7.9

7.5

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.8

7.4

May.

7.2

6.7

6.2

5.4

5.0 

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.8

5.0

5.0

5.4

6.3

6.8

6.6

 5.4

5.0

5.2

4.8

4.5

4.6

4.4

4.25

3.95

3.9

3.95

3.9

June.

3.7

3.65

3.85

3.55

3.55 

3.55

3.40

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.25

3.20

3.10

3.15

3.10

3.10

3.05

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.95

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

July.

2.90

2.90

2.95

2.90

2.90 

2.95

3.00

3.00

3.15

3.10

3.25

3.30

3.30

3.35

3.30

3.45

3.40

3.50

3.75

3.60

3.35

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.10

Aug.

3.15

3.25

3.50

3.30

3.20 

3.20

3.10

3.30

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.10

3.40

3.30

3.25

3.15

3.55

3.45

3.55

3.55

3.60

3.65

3.70

3.65

4.10

4.00

4.20

4.20

4.40

4.15

Sept.

4.60

5.00

6.60

6.20

5.80 

5.60

5.00

4.80

4.60

4.10

4.60

5\00

5.00

5.40

5.40

4.35

4.10

4.10

4.00

4.00

3.90

3.95

4.00

4.00

4.40

4.45

4.70

4.60

4.80

4.70

Oct.

4.70

5.00

5.80

5.40

5.00 

4.00

3.90

3.95

3.90

3.80

4.10

4.20

3.80

3.90

3.80

3.80

3.65

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.65

3.60

4.30

6.20

5.80

5.70

5.40

5.00

4.80

4.60

4.50

Nov.

4.40

4.50

4.40

4.40

4.35 

4.45

5.20

5.80

5.80

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.60

5.90

5.80

5.50

5.20

5.20

4.80

4.20

4.20

4.00

4.00

4.20

4.00

3.95

3.90

3.95

3.90

3.90

Dec.

4.45

4.80

6.90

6.85

5.80 

6.70

6.20

6.20

5.60

5.10

5.20

5.40

5.50

5.40

4.80

4.40

4.40

4.25

4.20

4.10

4.00

4.10

4.00

4.20

4.10

4.00

4.20

4.60

4.60

4.55

4.55

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4 to Mar. 16.
16 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.,for

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

4,060

4,310

4,060

Mar8,050

10,850

12,850

18,300

14.550

9,100

6,190

5,360

3,910

2,860

2,860

3,690

11,250

18,800

19,800

Apr.

22.900

26,200

20,300

17,300

18,300

15,900

14,100

14,550

12,050

11,250

9,800

6,480

6,190

5,100

5,100

3

Q1fl

3,690

3 47ft

3 9fifl

3,060

2 Qfifl

3 flfift

3,260

3,260

3,690

4,610

9,450

May.

8,750

7,080

5,630

3,690

2,860

2,670

2,490

*> VXl

2,160

2,000

2,000

2,160

2 4Ofl

2,860

2,860

3,690

5,910

7,390

6,780

3,690

2 QAA

X9fifl

2,490

2

rtftft

2 1flA

1,850

1 f\df\

1,240

1,180

1,240

1,180

June.

940

884

1,120

775

775

775

626

583

540

500

460

460

460

460

460

500

dfifl

386

493

386

386

W)

318

318

256

287

256

256

256

256

July.

256

256

287

256

256

287

318

318

423

386

500

540

540

583

540

583

674

626

722

1,000

828

583

540

Kftfl

dfin

460

460

460

460

386

386

Aug.

423

500

722

540

460

460

386

540

386

352

352

352

386

626

540

500

423

775

674

' 775

775

828

884

940

884

1,440

1,300

1,570

1,570

1,850

1,500

Sept.

2,160

2,860

6,780

5,630

4,610

4,140

2,860

2,490

2,000

1,440

2,160

2,860

2,860

3,690

3,690

1,780

1,440

1,440

1,300

1,300

1,180

1,240

1,300

1,300

1,850

1,920

2,320

2,160

2,490

2,320

Oct.

2,320

2,860

4,610

3,690

2,860

1,300

1,180

1,240

1,180

1,060

1,440

1,570

1,060

1,180

1,060

1,060

884

828

828

828

884

828

1,710

5,630

4,610

4,370

3,690

2,860

2,490

2,160

2,000

Nov.

1,850

2,000

1,850

1,850

1,780

1,920

3,260

4,610

4,610

3,910

3,910

3,910

4,140

4,850

4,610

3,910

3,260

3,260

2,490

1,570

1,570

1,300

1,300

1,570

1,300

1,240

1,180

1,240

1,180

1,180

Dec.

1,920

2,490

7,720

?! 560

4,610

7,080

5,630

5,630

4,140

3,060

3,260

3,690

3,910

3,690

2,490

1,850

1,850

1,640

1,570

1,440

1,300

1,440

1,300

1,570

1,440

«

1,300

1,570

2,160

2,160

2,080

2,080

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 4 to Mar. 16 estimated because of ice.

Monthly discharge of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,640 square miles.]

Month.

March a .................................

April....................................

May _ .......................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,310

19,800 

26,200 

8,750 

1,120 

1,000 

1,850 

6,780 

5,630 

4,850 

7,720

26,200

Minimum.

2,860 

1,180 

256 

256 

352 

1,180 

828 

1,180 

1,300

256

Mean.

1,610 

554 

5,520 

9,480 

3,240 

497 

480 

765 

2,520 

2,070 

2,5.50 

3,020

2,690

Per 

square 

mile.

0.982 

.338 

3.37 

5.78 

1.98 

.303 

.293 

.466 

1.54 

1.26 

1.55 

1.84

1.64

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.13 

.36 

3.88 

6.45 

2.28 

.34 

.34 

.54 

1.72 

1.45 

1.73 

2.12

22.34

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

o Discharge Jan. 4 to Mar. 16 estimated because of ice.

ALLEGHENY BIVEE AT KITTANNING, PA.

Location. At the Market Street Bridge in the city of Kittanning, Pa., about 4 

miles above the mouth of Crooked River and over 12 miles above the mouth of 

Kiskirninitas River.
ALLEGHENY EIVEE BASIN. 17

Records available. August 18, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 9,010 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter now. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods 

during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Conditions of flow are practically constant and an excellent low and 

medium stage rating curve has been developed. At high stages numerous measurements have been made. There is, however, a marked difference between the 

discharge at a given high gage height for rising and for falling stage, due to increase 

and decrease of slope. The difference at times amounts to as much as 15 per 

cent, and as the variation differs for each flood it is difficult to determine accurately the daily discharge at high stages.

Cooperation. This station is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission of

Pennsylvania, which has furnished all the records for 1912. 

The following discharge measurement was made by the subsurface method by

R. A. Boehringer, an engineer of the Pennsylvania Water Supply Commission: 

December 8, 1912: Gage height, 9.93 feet; discharge, 34,400 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1912. 

[Blaine Mast, observer.]

Day.

1............... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

10.15 

9.03

8.05

7 45

6.75

6.20

6.40 

7.05

6.80

6.55

6.85

6.75

6.55

6.50

6.30

6.35

6.60

7.25

7.80

9.05

10.85

10.60

9.75

9.60

9.45

9.15

9.00

8.85

8.90

8.75

o on

Feb.

8.85 

8.90

8.80

8.85

8.75

8.60

8.35 

8.20

8.05

7.90

7.80

7.65

7.55

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.70

8.05

8.30

8.40

8.40

8.30

8.30

8.40

9.20

(Z13.25

9.90

9.30

Mar.

8.90

8.10

7.30

6.60

5.80

5.60 

5.70

5.90

5.90

5.70

5.50

5 4fi

7.20

9.05

9.50

16.40

13.70

14.10

15.50

17 20

14.90

12.60

12.10

11.80

10.05

9.55

9.10

11.30

el7. 35

17 *U\

Apr. ,

15.50 

18.50

023.00

17.80

15.10

13.80

13.10 

12.40

12.30

11.60

11.05

10.60

10.40

9.70

8.95

9.30

9.30

9.05

8.50

7.75

7.20

6.90

6.60

6.40

6.10

5.90

5.80

5.70

6.00

10.75

May.

11.60 

10.40

9.20

7.30

6.80

6.60 

6.60

6.40

6.40

6.20

6.10

6.20

6.30

fi on

7.40

7.80

8.30

8.10

7.85

7.60

7.20

6.75

6.20

5.70

5.25

4.80

4.40

4.00

3.90

4.05

June.

3.95 

3.70

3.35

3.20

3.15

3.40

3.55 

3.50

3.20

2.95

2.80

2.65

2.50

9 Aft

4 20

3.80

3.65

3.40

3.20

2.95

2.80

9 fift

2.90

9 Sfi

2.60

2.40

2.25

2.15

2.10

July.

2.00 

1.90

1.90

1 80

1.85

2.40

2.35

2.25

2.10

2.00

2.05

2.40

3.30

3.10

2 <tn

2.70

3.15

C8.30

5.55

5.10

5.30

6.50

6.10

5.40

4.90

4.05

3.70

3.45

3.20

3.05

3 AC

Aug.

3.10 

3.00

2.95

2.80

2.55

2.35

2.20 

2.45

2.60

2.80

3.20

3.30

3.25

3.10

2 on

2.70

2.55

2.40

2.45

3.80

3.65

3.60

3.20

2.85

2.40

6.90

10.40

8.20

7.40

8.40

a 7A

Sept.

9.30 

11.20

616. 20

12.10

9.30

8.20

7.80 

7.30

7.05

6.40

5.90

5.30

4.60

4.10

3.90

4.20

4.00

4.60

4.35

4.20

4.10

3.95

3.85

4.30

6.70

6.50

5.60

4.95

4.80

4.65

Oct.

5.25 

5.10

4.85

4.60

4.40

4.10

3.90 

3.70

3.45

3.20

3.30

3.90

4.30

4.20

4.05

3.90

4.20

4.60

4.25

4.10

4.80

5.40

6.30

8.10

12.10

13.60

12.05

10.20

9.00

8.10

7.40

Nov.

6.55 

5.80

6.40

5.15

4.90

4.60

5.80 

6.60

7.90

8.60

8.90

8.00

7.30

6. SO

6.10

6.90

6.40

5.70

5.20

4.90

4.70

4.45

4.20

3.95

3.80

3.70

3.55

3.45

3.30

3.20

Dec.

4.60 

6.10

5.80

8.80

9.25

9.10

8.20 

7.45

7.40

7.30

6.90

6.40

5.95

5.60

5.25

5.05

5.40

5.80

5.60

5.25

4.85

4.50

4.30

4.20

4.05

3.90

3.80

4.00

4.30

5.40

9.60

o Maximum, 23.4 feet at 9 a. m.; discharge, 169,000 second-feet. 

* Maximum, 16.9 feet at 10 a. m.; discharge, 95,600 second-feet. 

c Maximum, 9.2 feet at 11 a. m.; discharge, 33,000 second-feet. 

<* Maximum, 15.7 feet at 6 a. m.; discharge, 84,200 second-feet. 

e Maximum, 17.9 feet at 5 p. m.; discharge, 106,000 second-feet.

NOTE. River reported "frozen" Jan. 8 to Feb. 26. 

- 29809° WSP 323 14 2

Floating ice Dec. 24 and 25.
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6.... 

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

21....

22....

23....

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

29....

30....

31....

Jan.

39,700

31,900

25,500

21,700

17,600

14,800 

15,800

(«)

........

Feb.

........

(a)

62,800

37,900

33,700

--------

Mar.

31,000

29,000

25,800

20,800

16,800

12,800 

11,900

12,400

13,300

13,300

12,400

11,400

11,000

20,200

32,000

35,100

90,800

66,500

70,000

82,400

98,600

77, 100

57,600

53,800

51,500

39,000

35,400

32,400

47,900

100,000

102,000

Apr.

82,400

112,000

164,000

105,000

78,800

67,400 

61,600

56,100

55,300

50,000

46,100

42,900

41,400

36,500

31,400

33,700

33,700

32,000

28,400

23,600

20,200

18,400

16,800

15,800

14,300

13,300

12,800

12,400

13,800

43,900

May.

50,000

41,400

33,000

25,200

20,800

17,800 

16,800

16,800

15,800

15,800

14,800

14,300

14,800

15,300

18,400

21,400

23,900

27,100

25,800

24,200

22,600

20,200

17,600

14,800

12,400

10,300

8,380

6,960

5

G4f\

5,580

5,970

June.

5,710

5,080

4,280

3,940

3,830

4,390 

4,740

4,620

3,940

3,380

3,060

2,740

2,440

2,350

2,640

6,380

5,340

4,960

4,390

3,940

3,380

3,060

2,640

3,270

3,160

2,640

2,260

2,000

1 840

1^760

July.

1,600

1,460

1,460

1,340

1,400

2,260 

2,170

2,000

1,760

1,600

1,680

2,260

4,160

3,720

3,060

2,850

3,830

27,100

11,700

9,640

10,500

16,200

14,300

11,000

8,780

5,970

5,080

1,500

3,600

3,380

Aug.

3,720

3,490

3,380

3,060

2,540

2,170 

1,920

2,350

2,640

3,060

3,940

4,160

4,050

3,720

3,270

2,850

2,540

2,260

2,350

5,340

4,960

4,850

3,940

3,160

2,260

18,400

41,400

26,400

21,400

27,800

29,700

Sept.

33,700

47,100

88,900

53,800

33,700

26,400 

23,900

20,800

19,300

15,800

13,300

10,500

7,600

6,100

5,580

6,380

5,840

7,600

6,810

6,380

6,100

5,710

5,460

6,660

17,300

16,200

11,900

8,990

8,380

7,790

Oct.

10,300

9,640

8,580

7,600

6,960

6,100 

5,580

5,080

4,500

3,940

4,160

5,580

6,660

6,380

5,970

5,580

6,380

7,600

6,520

6,100

8,380

11,000

15,300

25,800

53,800

65,700

53,400

40,000

31,700

25,800

21,400

Nov.

16,500

12,800

11,000

9,860

8,780

7,600 

12,800

16,800

24,500

29,000

31,000

25,200

20,800

16,200

14,300

18,400

15,800

12,400

10,100

8,780

7,980

7,110

6,380

5,710

5,340

5,080

4,740

4,500

4,160

3,940

Dec.

7,600

14,300

12,800

30,400

33,400

32,400

26,400

21,700

21,400

20,800

18,400

15,800

13,600

11,900

10,300

. 9,420

11,000

12,800

11,900

10,300

8,580

7,260

6,660

6,380

5,970

5,580

5,340

5,840

6,660

11,000

35,800

a Discharge Jan. 8 to Feb. 26 estimated because of ice from the flow of West Branch of Susquehanna 

River at Willlamsport, Blackllck Creek, and Brokenstraw Creek, and from climatologic records. Mean 

discharge Jan. 8-31 estimated 9,900 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 1-26 estimated 8,100 second-feet.

NOTE. Below'gage height 15.0 feet, the rating curve used by the commission differs slightly from that 

used by the Survey in computation for 1911 published in Water-Supply Paper 303. See footnotes to table 

of daily gage height for crest discharges.

Monthly discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 9,010 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

June.... .......................................

July...........................................

September........... .........................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.**

39,700

84,200

106,000 

169,000 

50,000 

6,380 

33,000 

41,400 

95,600 

65,700 

31,000 

35)1800

169,000

Minimum.

11,000 

12,400 

5,580 

1,760 

1,340 

1,920 

5,460 

3,940 

3,940 

5,340

............

Mean.

13,100 

11,900 

42,394 

45,467 

18,840 

3,605 

5,623 

7,970 

17,799 

15,532 

12,585 

14,571

17,400

Per 

square 

mile.

1.454 

1.321 

4.705 

5.046 

2.091 

.400 

.624 

.885 

1.975 

1.724 

1.397 

1.617

1.937

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.676 

1.425 

5.424 

5.630 

2.411 

.446 

.719 

1.020 

2.204 

1.987 

1.559 

1.864

26.365

« Crest discharge where available. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN. 19

E3SKIMINITAS RIVER AT AVONMORE, PA.

Location. At the highway bridge near Avonmore station on the Pennsylvania

Railroad, about 4 miles below the mouth of Blacklegs Creek, about 1 mile above

the mouth of Long Run, and about 5 miles below the junction of Conemaugh

River with Loyalhanna Creek to form the Kiskiminitas. 

Records available. June 11, 1907, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 1,720 square miles. 

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge. 

Floods. The flood of March 19, 1908, reached a height of 30.8 feet on the gage, and

its discharge was estimated at 80,500 second-feet, or about 47 second-feet per

square mile from a drainage area of 1,720 square miles. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods

during December, January, and February. 

Cooperation. This station is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission

of Pennsylvania, which has furnished all the records and data for 1912.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. A. Boehringer, an engineer 

of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania: 

December 6, 1912: Gage height, 6.43 feet; discharge, 3,310 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1912. 

[Ralph Ficies, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9.65

8.40

7.22

6.50

5.92

66.00

6.80

6.80

6.60

6.40

6.40

6.40

6.35

6.05

5.90

5.90

5.75

5.88

12.40

16.12

15.55

14.80

13.90

15.02

14.20

13.22

12.95

11.95

11.78

12.70

11.95

Feb.

11.24

11.29

10.78

10.51

10.05

10.15

10.25

10.36

10.01

9.70

9.40

9.38

9.40

9.55

9.48

9.35

9.35

9.45

9.92

12.45

14,13

16.18

13.18

12.58

12.45

»16.70

U7.72

12.27

8.62

Mar.

7.85

6.15

5.30

4.90

4.64

4.44

4.29

4.84

6.70

6.08

5.30

5.22

7.56

6.59

11.70

15.65

10.80

10.58

10.45

11.70

e23.87

19.74

12.46

12.30

13.35

10.30

9.00

9.35

11.68

12.58

9.80

Apr.

8.52

8.85

10.08

8.54

7.59

6.92

6.45

7.08

6.35

5.90

5.52

5.20

5.45

5.60

5.38

5.46

5.40

8.85

8.90

7.45

6.65

6.10

6.10

6.04

5.52

5.20

5.28

6.26

5.82

9.12

May.

9.00

7.70

6.98

6.14

5.70

5.40

5.65

6.89

6.62

5.85

5.40

5.20

5.50

6.04

5.38

5.85

12.90

9.62

7.81

6.90

6.14

5.52

5.12

475

4.42

4.16

3.90

3.78

3.75

3.85

3.90

June.

3.58

3.41

3.30

3.35

3.24

3.15

3.15

3.15

2.98

2.72

2.79

2.76

2.68

2.62

2.68

8.45

16.25

9.52

7.18

5.85

5.32

4.96

4.55

4.32

4.20

3.90

3.68

3.52

3.72

4.20

July.

4.38

3.68

3.45

3.88

3.74

3.80

3.50

3.12

2.92

2.80

3.16

3.32

3.04

2.88

2.62

3.20

4.82

6.82

9.65

6.72

12.10

16.60

9.88

11.75

13.08

9.35

7.60

6.29

5.94

6.94

6.05

Aug.

5.94

5.21

5.40

5.32

4.68

' 4.30

3.96

3.77

3.69

3.65

3.98

4.82

4.60

4.80

4.82

440

3.90

3.62

4.22

9.46

7.68

6.33

6.75

6.75

5.55

470

488

5.11

5.32

488

480

Sept.

6.04

10.84

ol9.06

15.46

10.08

8.38

7.35

7.31

6.18

5.20

475

4.38

4.15

3.90

3.80

3.98

4.80

408

4.80

4.95

4.20

3.72

3.68

7.40

9.60

7.70

11.63

9-88

7.55

6.80

Oct.

6.02

5.35

4.92

4.65

4.22

4.05

3.78

3.70

3.61

3.92

5.50

445

3.90

3.60

3.40

3.39

3.30

3.25

3.42

3.52

3.72

3.44

5.80

8.46

9.54

<H0.60

8.55

7.20

6.25

5.65

5.22

Nov.

492

4.80

4.55

4.24

3.%

3.92

4.70

8.66

6.%

6.20

5.70

5.20

498

4.95

5.25

4.70

5.02

4.25

4.16

3.94

3.98

3.86

3.76

3.74

3.60

3.68

3.58

3.51

3.40

3.15

Dec.

3.38

3.30

3.68

4.30

3.80

5.94

7.00

5.95

5.30

4.62

4.75

442

3.62

3.65

4.06

4.02

4.00

3.85

4.08

4.42

4.02

3.70

3.40

3.55

3.74

3.70

3.60

4.22

4.09

4.75

9.82

a Maximum, 22.3 feet at 5 p. m.; discharge, 47,400 second-feet.

& Frozen Jan. 6 to Feb. 26. Ice broke and gorged Jan. 19 and gorge remained until Feb. 27, when it went 

out at 1.30 a. m.

c Maximum, 28.0 feet during night; discharge, 69,400 second-feet. 

d Maximum, 11.0 feet at 8.30 a. m.; discharge, 12,200 second-feet. 

« Maximum, 19.2 feet at 8.30 a. m.; discharge, 36,500 second-feet.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART m. .

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1. .......

2........ 

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14........

15........

16........

17........

18. .......

19........

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........

31........

Jan.

9,360

7,150 

5,310

4,330

3,580

(a)

Feb.

........

(a)

31,600

15,500

7,520

Mar.

6,260

3,880 

2,800

2,330

2,050

1,850

1,710

2,260

4,600

3,780

2,800

2,700

5,810

4,450

14,000

25,000

11,800

11,300

11,000

14,000

53,300

38,400

16,000

15,600

is Ann

10,700

8,180

8,810

13,900

16,300

Apr.

7,350

7,920 

10,200

7,390

5,860

4,890

4,260

5,110

4,140

3,550

3,070

2,680

2,980

3,170

2,900

3,000

2,920

7,920

8,000

5,640

4,530

3,810

3,810

3,730

3 fl7fi

2,680

2,780

4,020

3,450

8,390

May.

8,180

6,020 

4,970

3,860

3,300

2,920

3,230

4,850

4,490

3,480

2,920

2,680

3,040

3,730

2,900

3,480

17,200

9,310

6,200

4,860

3,860

3,070

2,580

2,160

1,830

1,600

1,380

1,270

1,250

1,330

1,380

June.

1,110

978 

900

935

861

802

802

802

692

540

575

560

520

490

520

7,240

26,800

9,120

5,250

3,480

2,820

2,400

1,960

1,740

1,630

1,380

1,190

1,060

1,220

1,630

July.

1,790

1,190 

1,010

1,360

1,240

1,290

1,040

783

653

580

809

914

731

628

490

835

2,240

4,760

9,370

4,620

15,000

27,900

9,820

14,100

17,600

8,810

5,870

4,060

3,600

4,920

3,740

Aug.

3,600

2,690 

2,920

2,820

2,090

1,720

1,430

1,260

1,200

1,160

1,440

2,240

2,010

2,220

2,240

1,810

1,380

1,140

1,650

9,010

5,990

4,110

4,660

4,660

3,110

2,110

2,310

2,570

2,820

2,310

2,220

Sept.

3,730

11,800 

36,000

24,400

10,200

7,120

5,500

5,440

3,910

2,680

2,160

1,790

1,590

1,380

1,290

1,440

2,220

1,530

2,220

2,390

1,630

1,220

1,190

5,570

9,280

6,020

13,800

9,820

5,800

4,730

Oct.

3,710

2,860 

2,350

2,060

1,650

1,500

1,270

1,200

1,130

1,390

3,040

1,860

1,380

1,120

970

963

900

868

985

1,060

1,220

1,000

3,420

7,250

9,160

11,300

7,400

5,280

4,000

3,230

2,700

Nov.

2,350

2,220 

1,960

1,670

1,430

1,390

2,110

7,590

4,950

3,940

3,300

2,680

2,420

2,390

2,740

2,110

2,470

1,680

1,600

1,410

1,440

1,340

1,260

1,240

1,120

1,190

1,110

1,050

970

802

Dec.

956

900 

1,190

1,720

1,290

3,600

5,000

3,620

2,800

2,030

2,160

1,830

1,140

1,160

1,510

1,480

1,460

1,330

1,530

1,830

1,480

1,200

970

1,080

1,240

1,200

1,120

1,650

1,540

2,160

9,700

o Discharge Jan. 6 to Feb. 26 estimated because of ice from flow of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick. Pa., 

and from cumatologic records. Mean discharge Jan. 6-31 estimated 2,700 second-feet. Mean discharge 

Feb. 1-26 estimated 2,800 second-feet. The rating curve used by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania differs slightly, below gage height 13.0 feet, from that used by the Survey in computing values for 

1911 published in Water-Supply Paper 303. See footnotes to table of daily gage height for crest discharges.

Monthly discharge of KisMminitas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July..........'.................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.8

36,500 

69,400 

10,200 

17,200 

26,800 

27,900 

9,010 

47,400 

12,200 

7,590 

9,700

Minimum.

1,710 

2,680 

1,250 

490 

490 

1,140 

1,190 

868 

802 

900

Mean.

3,220 

4,390 

11,100 

4,770 

3,980 

2,670 

4,900 

2,670 

6,260 

2,850 

2,130 

2,000

4,240

Per

square 

mile.

1.872 

2.552 

6.453 

2.773 

2.314 

1.552 

2.849 

1.552 

3.640 

1.657 

1.238 

1.163

2.468

Eun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.158 

2.752 

7.440 

3.094 

2.668 

1.731 

3.285 

1.789 

4.061 

1.910 

1.381 

1.341

33.610

o Crest discharge used when available. See footnotes to table of daily gage height. 

BLACKLICK CKEEK AT BLACKLICK, PA.

Location. At highway bridge about one-fourth mile from the railroad station at 

Blacklick, Pa., about 1 mile below the junction of Blacklick and Two Lick 

creeks and about 6 miles above the junction of Blacklick Creek with Conemaugh 

River.

Records available. August 16, 1904, to July 15, 1906; January 8, 1907, to December 31,1912.
ALLEGHENY RIVEB BASIN. 21

Drainage area. 386 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Fairly permanent.

Discharge measurements. At high and medium stages made from the upstream 

side of the highway bridge; at low stages made by wading at a section just above 

the bridge. Extreme high-water measurements are made from the coal tipple 

one-fourth mile above the bridge, but no measurements have been made from it 

in the last few years.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods 

during December, January, and February.

Cooperation. Since January 8, 1907, station has been maintained by the Water 

Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, which supplied all the records for 1912.

Remarks. Changes in rating curves necessitated by the reconstruction' of the highway bridge were discussed in Water-Supply Paper 263, page 43. The rating curve 

used in 1912 differs above 1,800 second-feet from that used in previous years as a 

result of 5 discharge measurements made during 1912 and 1913 (before the preparation of this report).

Discharge measurements of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 1

Dec. 6

Hydrographer. height.

Feet. 

2.95

5.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6305

6 2,370

« An engineer of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania. 

6 Measurement made by the subsurface method.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

Jan.

4.97

4.29

4.07

3.73

3.28

63.29

3.29

3.37

3.39

3.44

3.31

3.23

3.09

3.16

8.01

2.97

2.97

3.03

f4.47

4.53

4.13

3.77

3.79

4.05

3.84

Feb.

3.01

2.99

2.98

2.82

2.76

2.74

2.72

2.70

2.98

2.84

62.77

2.62

2.66

2.56

2.50

2.43

2.44

2.46

2.72

/04. 42

4.56

4.98

4.18

3.82

3.80

Mar.

3.97

3.64

3.36

3.32

3.16

3.13

3.42

4.38

3.80

3.55

3.62

4.56

3.95

7.89

6.91

5.44

5.48

5.40

5.62

MO. 20

7.36

5.48

6.39

6.16

Apr.

4.68

5.49

5.80

4.78

4.44

4.14

4.08

4.33

3.92

3.72

3.58

3.48

3.94

3.74

3.60

3.64

3.61

«5.99

4.74

4.39

4.06

3.76

3.88

3.70

3.55

May.

4.88

4.42

4.05

3.82

3. 58

3.54

3.60

4.10

3.94

3 T\

3.46

3.42

3.76

3.61

3.38

c5.84

6.04

5.08

4.46

4.12

3.76

3.52

3.32

3.17

3.06

June.

2.67

2.62

2.67

2.61

2.56

2.55

2.55

2.48

2.40

2.33

2.26

2.22

2.22

2.20

2.56

<*8.10

6.46

4.70

3.97

3.58

3.39

3.38

3.20

3.25

3.11

July.

2.52

2.46

2.48

2.46

2.60

2.62

2.57

2.40

2.31

2.52

2.76

2.60

2.50

2.44

2.90

2.86

3.53

5.70

4.32

3.58

*6.00

6.38

4.62

4.80

4.78

Aug.

3.44

3.24

3.50

3.22

2.98

2.86

2.78

2.72

2.68

2.84

2.98

3.63

3.48

3.37

3.28

3.09

2.88

2.80

2.82

4.01

3.90

3.84

3.83

3.64

3.30

Sept.

3.45

8.17

oil. 86

7.98

5.49

4.65

4.20

3.96

3.56

3.32

3.16

3.06

2.96

2.S8

2.S6

3.11

2.99

2.87

3.18

3.08

2.80

2.70

3.10

4.28

4.00

Oct.

3.48

3.26

3.16

3.06

2.96

2.87

2.78

2.69

3.16

3.24

2.92

2.80

2.74

2.72

2.70

2.62

2.60

2.58

2.82

3.08

2.84

2.72

5.89

5.31

ye. eo

Nov.

3.48

3.44

3.28

3.14

3.04

2.98

3.58

4.14

3.69

3.60

3.53

3.46

3.41

3.40

3.31

3.20

3.10

3.04

3.00

2.98

2.94

2.88

2.83

2.80

2.82

Dec.

2.68

2. 82

3.53

3.18

3.04

4.98

4.88

4.11

3.72

3.44

^68

3.83

63.78

3.51

3.16

3.14

3.10

3.16

3.28

3.16

3.18

3.19

3.08

2.92

12,86

o Maximum, 12.9 feet at noon; discharge, 21,000 second-feet.

6 Creek frozen across.

c Maximum, 7.36 at 6 p. m.; discharge, 6,240 second-feet.

<J Maximum, 9.6 feet at 2 p. m.; discharge, 11,200 second-feet.

« Maximum, 6.42 feet at 1 p. m.; discharge, 4,300 second-feet.

/Icegoing out.

g On Feb. 20 ice gorge about 15 feet high formed one-half mile above gage; wentout on Feb. 26.

ft Maximum, 11.1 feet at 1 p. m.; discharge, 15,200 second-feet.

< Maximum, 7.9 feet at 7 p. m.; discharge, 7,370 second-feet.

/ Maximum, 7.1 feet at 6p.m.; discharge, 5,690 second-feet.

k Ice all out of creek.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET in.

Dally gage height, in feet, of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

26...............

27.... ...........

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.55

3.35

3.18

3.18

3.25 

3.13

Feb.

o6.69

68.40

5.58

4.54

Mar.

5.14

4.71

5.40

6/98

5.74 

5.16

Apr.

3.54

3.59

3.48

3.91

5.62

May.

2.92

2.82

2.78

2.81

2.93 

2.82

June.

2.88

2.82

2.66

2.62

2.58

July.

4.02

3.68

3.38

3.50

3.40 

3.14

Aug.

3.20

3.88

3.49

3.42

3.32 

3.29

Sept.

3.66

4.38

3.78

3.66

3.72

Oct.

6.20

5.04

4.45

4.06

3.78 

3.56

Nov.

2.79

2.76

2.73

2.66

2.66

Dec.

2.80

2.92

2.91

2.75

3.76 

5.38

» On Feb. 20 ice gorge about 15 feet high formed one-half mile above gage; went out on Feb. 26. 

& Maximum, 9.6 feet at 7 a. m.; discharge, 11,200 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.....'..........

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

32...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,930

1,220

1,020

752

459

464

464

508

520

551

476

432

360

395

324

308

308

334

1,390

1,450

1,080

782

798

1,010

837

625

498

405

405

442

380

Feb.

324

316

312

248

226

219

212

205

312

256

230

179

192

159

140

119

122

128

212

1,340

1,480

1,940

1,120

821

805

4,840

8,440

2,810

1,460

Mar.

941

688

503

481

448

395

380

538

1,300

805

625

674

1,480

925

7,350

5,290

2,590

2,650

2,520

2,870

12,700

6,240

2,650

4,240

3,800

2,150

1,630

2,520

5,440

3,070

2,170

Apr.

1,600

2,660

3,160

1,710

1,360

1,090

1,030

1,260

901

745

646

577

917

760

660

688

667

3,490

1,660

1,310

1,020

775

869

730

625

618

653

577

893

2,870

May.

1,820

1,340

1.010

821

646

618

660

1,050

917

738

564

538

775

667

514

3,230

3,580

2,060

1,380

1,070

775

604

481

400

347

288

248

233

244

292

248

June.

195

179

195

175

159

156

156

134

110

91

73

64

64

59

159

7,790

4,380

1,620

941

646

520

514

415

442

370

272

248

192

179

166

July.

146

128

134

128

172

179

162

110

86

146

226

172

140

122

280

264

611

3,000

1,250

646

3,510

4,220

1,540

1,730

1,710

982

716

514

590

523

385

Aug.

551

437

590

426

312

264

233

212

198

256

312

681

577

508

459

360

272

240

248

974

885

837

829

688

470

415

869

584

538

481

4fid

Sept.

558

7,940

17,500

7,540

2,660

1,570

1,140

933

632

481

395

347

304

272

264

370

316

268

405

356

240

205

365

1,210

965

702

1,300

790

702

745

Oct.

577

448

395

347

304

268

233

202

395

437

288

240

219

212

205

179

172

166

248

356

256

212

3,320

2,390

4,660

3,880

2,010

1,370

1,020

790

632

Nov.

577

551

459

385

338

312

646

1,090

723

660

611

564

532

525

476

415

365

338

320

312

296

272

252

240

248

236

226

216

192

192

Dec.

198

248

611

405

338

1,940

1,820

1,060

745

551

716

829

790

597

395

385

365

395

459

395

405

410

356

288

264

240

288

284

222

775

2,500

NOTKbeight.-Open-water discharge rating curve used throughout year. See footnotes to table of daily gage

Monthly discharge of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 

[Drainage area, 386 square miles.]

Month.

March.....................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.a

1,930 

11,200 

15,200 

4,300 

6,240 

11.200 

7,370 

974 

21,000 

5,690 

1,090 

2,500

21,000

Minimum.

308 

119 

380 

577 

233 

59 

86 

198 

205 

166 

192 

198

59

Mean.

675 

1,006 

2,583 

1,217 

908 

689 

791 

489 

1,716 

853 

419 

622

997

Per 

square 

mile.

1.749 

2.606 

6.692 

3.153 

2.352 

1.785 

2.049 

1.267 

4.446 

2.210 

1.085 

1.611

2.584

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.017 

2.811 

7.715 

3.518 

2.711 

1.992 

2.362 

1.461 

4.961 

2.548 

1.210 

1.857

35.163

a Crest discharge used where available. See footnotes to table of daily gage height.
SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI. 23

MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN. 

TYGABT BIVEB AT BELINGTON, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Belington, W. Va., one-fourth mile above the

mouth of Mill Creek.

Records available. June 5, 1907, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 390 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The elevation

above sea level of the zero of the gage is 1,679.89 feet. 

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of the bridge. 

Floods. The flood of July, 1912, reached a stage of 20.3 feet referred to the present

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods 

during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. The discharge rating curves for this station are poorly defined above 

2,500 second-feet, being simply extensions, and all discharge values above that 

point should be used with due regard for this fact. *

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

September 4, 1912: Gage height, 2.98 feet; discharge, 194 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[S. A. Campbell, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2.. .............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...... .........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.. .............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.8

6.4

5.2

4.6

4.1

3.9

3.43

2.94

2.83

4.7

4.25

4.25

4.25

9.9

9.1

7.6

5.1

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.0

3.75

3.9

5.0

9.7

7.4

Feb.

5.6 4.8'

4.25

4.9

4.9

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.85

3.6

6.3

7.8

6.3

5.9

5.4

5.2

11.6

9.2

5.9

Mar.

5.0

4.4

4.0

3.95

3.8

3.7

3.65

3.75

4.45

4.6

4.7

4.35

5.0

6.9

6.3

12.2

8.4

6.0

5.1

5.4

6.7

7.9

7.0

7.0

9.0

7.2

7.5

4.9

5.0

8.4

7.5

Apr.

5.7

5.0

5.4

5.5

5.1

4.7

4.45

4.2

4.3

4.15

4.0

3.8

3

AA

3.42

3.47

3.38

4.45

4.45

5.9

4.8

4.35

4.0

4.0

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.85

3.75

3.75

3.80

May.

3.95

3.95

3.85

3.60

3.55

3.49

3.44

4.8

5.7

4.8

4.2

5.5

10.3

7.3

6.8

6.4

12.0

7.1

5.7

5.0

4.45

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.34

3.19

3.08

2.98

2.93

2.95

2 88

June.

2.73

2.69

2.63

2.62

2.58

2.54

2.53

2.50

2.46

2.40

2.44

2.28

2.18

2.19

2.18

2.28

2.62

3.6

4.0

4.0

4.05

3.5

3.55

3.6

4.6

5.6

4.4

3.8

3.6

3.39

July.

3.24

3.0

3.0

3.43

4.3

4.6

3.11

3.23

3.38

3.9

3.55

3.85

3.42

3.28

3.23

3.7

3.75

3.8

11.1

6.3

6.2

8.9

11.7

5.7

17.4

13.8

6.0

5.2

4.05

5.0

4.7

Aug.

4.1

4.5

3.95

3.6

3.37

3.19

3.07

2.97

2.£7

2.82

2.78

2.68

2.67

2.62

2.57

2.54

2.53

2.52

2.67

3.40

3.38

3.19

3.17

2.99

2.06

2.87

3.39

2.97

2.88

3.21

Sept.

3.41

3.75

3.21

3.00

2.82

2.70

2.64

2.52

2.51

2.46

2.37

2.30

2 on

2.23

2.20

2.46

2.57

2.57

2.57

2.42

2.44

2.38

2.31

4.6

5.5

4.45

3.65

3.34

3.21

3.05

Oct.

2.99

2.90

2.82

2.72

2.54

2.51

2 48

2.48

2.44

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.30

2.27

2.26

2.23

2.23

2.22

2.22

2.22

2.22

2.44

2.50

2.50

2.64

2.87

2.86

2.78

2.70

2.62

2.55

Nov.

2.50

2.53

2.53

2.53

2.52

2.49

2.64

6.7

5.6

4.6

3.7

4.45

3.28

3.20

3.22

3.15

3.06

3.00

2.92

2.86

2.84

2.80

2.73

2.64

2.57

2.70

2.64

2.61

2.50

2.50

Dec.

2.64

2.51

2.80

2.81

3.26

4.1

4.8

4.0

3.85

3.65

3.40

3.27

3.27

3.20

2.91

2.88

2.90

2.92

2.95

2.85

2.82

2.81

2.80

2.90

2.80

2.75

2.89

3.12

3.65

3.9

10.2

a Gage height Feb. 20 to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 9-19 and about Feb. 4-20. Observer 

reported as follows: "Jan. 12, river at gage and at control frozen over; average thickness of ice, 6 inches. 

Jan. 19, ice going out; average thickness of ice, 8 inches. Feb. 5 to 16 river at gage and at control frozen 

over; average thickness of ice, 4 to 6 inches."
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va.,for 1912.

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28..........".....

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4,210

2,070

904

644

546

334

167

4,520

3,050

1,190

904

850

797

595

475

546

1, 130

5,170

2,870

Feb.

1,500

1,020

720

2,000

3,230

2,000

1,700

1,370

1,250

7,350

4,620

1,700

Mar.

1,130

797

595

570

498

452

430

475

824

904

959

771

1,130

2,000

8,070

3,810

1,780

1,190

1,370

2,300

3,320

2,540

2 540

4^ 410

2,700

1,070

1,130

3,810

2 Qfirt

Apr.

1 560

lilSO

1,370

1,190

959

824

694

745

669

595

498

338

329

350

313

824

824

1,700

1,020

771

595

595

959

745

595

522

475

475

498

May.

570

570

522

407

385

359

338

1,020

1,560

1,020

694

1,440

5,840

2,790

2,380

2,070

7,830

2,620

1,560

1,130

824

595

452

363

298

243

207

178

164

170

151

June.

117

108

96

94

87

80

78

73

67

59

65

45

34

35

34

45

94

407

595

595

620

363

385

407

904

1,500

797

498

407

317

July.

260

183

334

745

904

216

257

313

546

385

522

329

275

257

452

475

498

6,760

2,000

1,920

4,310

7,470

1,560

14,700

10,000

1,860

1,320

654

1,200

1,010

Aug.

679

896

603

435

333

262

222

192

164

151

141

134

119

117

106

97

91

89

88

117

346

338

262

255

197

25

164

342

192

167

269

Sept.

350

505

269

200

151

123

110

88

86

78

64

54

54

45

41

78

97

97

97

71

74

65

55

954

1,520

868

458

321

269

216

Oct.

197

172

151

128

91

86

81

81

74

68

61

61

54

50

49

45

45

44

44

44

44

74

84

84

110

164

162

141

123

106

93

Nov.

84

89

89

89

88

82

110

2,390

1,580

954

481

868

296

265

273

248

219

200

178

162

156

146

130

110

97

123

110

104

84

84

Dec.

110

86

146

149

265

679

1,070

628

554

458

346

292

292

265

175

167

172

178

186

159

151

149

146

172

146

134

169

238

458

578

5,720

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined between 40 and 2,500 secondfeet and poorly denned above 2,£00 second-feet. The 1907-1911 rating curve was used Jan. 1 to July 25, 

1912, and a new curve from July 26 to Dec. 31,1912. The change in rating curve is based on two discharge 

measurements made Sept. 4, 1912, and Mar. 30, 1913 (before the preparation of this report). The new 

curve was made to coincide with the old above 4,900 second-feet. See "Accuracy."

Discharge Jan. 9-19 and Feb. 4-20 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 9-19, 500 second-feet; Feb. 4-20, 

400 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is 

believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

February ...............................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August. .................................

October. ................................

December.. . ............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,170 

7,350

8,070 

1,700 

7,830 

1,500 

14,700 

896 

1,520 

197 

2,390 

5,720

14,700

Minimum.

430 

313 

151 

34 

183 

25 

41 

44 

82 

86

Mean.

1,220 

1,220 

1,930 

787 

1,250 

300 

2,000 

245 

249 

90.7 

330 

466

842

Per

square 

mile.

3.13 

3.13 

4.95 

2.02 

3.21 

.769 

5.13 

.628 

.638 

.233 

.846 

1.19

2.16

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.61 

3.38 

5.71 

2.25 

3.70 

.86 

5.91 

.72 

.71 

.27 

.94 

1.37

29.43

Accuracy.

D. 

D 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
MONOHGAHELA RIVER BASIN.

TYGART RIVER AT FETTERMAN, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Fetterman, W. Va., three-fourths mile above

mouth of Otter Creek.

Records available. June 3, 1907, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 1,340 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The elevation

above sea level of the zero of the gage is 957.86 feet. 

Channel. Practically permanent; broken by one pier. Current sluggish at low

stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. No records of floods previous to installation of gage are available. The

flood of July, 1912, reached a stage of 29.1 feet, the highest recorded since the

station was established. 

Winter flow. Ice probably does not affect the relation of gage height to discharge.

It is said that the riffle below the gage usually remains open.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

September 2, 1912: Gage height, 5.06 feet; discharge, 1,860 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[Joseph Gerken, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

C......... ...... 

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.. ....... .....

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31........... ...

Jan.

9.4

7.4

6 4

5.8

5.5

4.9 

4.75

4.7

4.5

4.95

5.3

5.25

a 4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.5

4 5

10.7

12.1

8.4

7.2

6.0

5.6

5.45 

5.4

5.1

4. 85

5.8

11.7

9.2

Feb.

7.0

6.0

5.7

5.4

5.1

o5.0 

5.0

o4.7

04.55

«4.4

4.3

«4.3

o4.3

4.5

o4.2

o4.0

«4.3

o4.6

4.9

6.3

S.5

10.0

7.9

7.0

6.2 

7.5

14.0

10 7

7.1

Mar.

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.2

4.9

4.75 

4.7

4.55

5.0

5.7

5.7

5.6

6.7

8.8

12.0

14.8

11.6

8.1

6.7

8.8

10.2

11.2

9.2

10.4

10.8

7.7

6.8

6.1

6.0

10.2

9.0

Apr.

7.2

6.4

7.4

7.1

5.8 

5.3

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.15

4.8

4.6

A E

4.35

6.2

5.7

5.15

5.05

4.9

4.95

4.95 

4.75

5.05

5.2

5.1

5.15

May.

5.25

5.3

5.2

4 95

4.7

4.55 

4.55

4.7

5.7

5.7

5.2

5.15

10.6

8.2

6.8

8.9

12.8

9.1

7.3

6.3

5 45

5.1

4.8

4.55

4.4 

4.25

4.05

3.96

3.93

3.98

3.90

June.

3.88

3.83

3.68

3.68

3.66

3.70 

3.90

3.76

3.70

3.56

3.48

3 A.R

3.28

3.13

3.23

3.36

3.70

4.0

4.7

4.8

4.75

4 55

4.75

4.85

5.05 

5.8

5.7

5.35

5.0

4.65

July.

4.75

A K

4.25

A 1 K

5.05

5 3 

5.2

4.25

4.25

4.35

4.65

4.25

4 1 ^

4.JL

3

QE

3.87

4.1

5.6

9.0

7.2

5.7

9.7

12.3

7.2

24.4 

15.4

7.5

5.8

5.3

5.7

5.8

Aug.

5.4

<; o

5.0

A Q

4.4

4.25 

4.1

4.05

3.99

3.97

3.95

4.0

4.2

3.92

4.0

3 97

3.95

3.87

3.87

4.7

4.5

4

AK.

4.45

4.4

4.25 

4.15

4.5

4.4

4.45

4.35

4.2

Sept.

6.2

5

0

4.65

5.05

4.7

4.2

4.0

3

QE

3.85

3.72

3.60

3 <;s

3.52

3 45

3.38

3.35

3.18

3.25

4.1

4.1

3.85

3.78

4.3

6.2

6.4 

5.9

5.3

4.8

4.6

4.4

Oct.

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3 OR

3.78 

3-. 60

3

CA

3.42

3.40

3.40

3

A{\

3.38

3.35

3

CA

3.48

3.42

3.40

3.42

3.38

3.35

3.30

3.42

3.52

3.65 

3.68

3.95

4.0

3.90

3.82

3.78

Nov.

3.70

3.68

3.58

3

Ert

3.50

3.50 

4.2

8.6

7.6

6.0

5.25

A ft

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.98

3.95

3.95 

4.0

3.98

3.90

3.90

3.75

Dec.

3.68

3 79

3.78

3.88

4.15

5.6

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.4

4.6

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.05

4.15

4.05

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.95

4.0

4.05 

4.1

4.25

4.6

4.8

6.6

12.2

« Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Observer reported floating ice, shore ice, river partly frozen over, and control section open Jan. 

5-17 and Feb. 3-10; average thickness of ice at gaging section 1 to 5 inches; and thin ice on the river Dec. 

14-28. The relation of gage height to discharge was probably not materially affected by ice during 1912.
26 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART in.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.,fof

Day.

1.. .......

2.. .......

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27. ........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Jan.

9,860

6 110

4,280

3,210

2,680

1,650

1,400

1,320

1,040

1,740

2,330

2,250

1,650

1,480

1,480

1,320

1,040

1,040

12,300

15,300

7,970

5,740

3,560

2,850

2,590

2,510

1,990

1,570

3,210

14,400

9,480

Feb.

5.370

3,560

3,030

2,510

1,990

1,820

1,820

1,110

916

802

802

802

1,040 '699

525

802

1,180

1,650

4,100

8,160

11,000

7,030

5,370

3,920

6,290

19,600

12,300

5,550

Mar.

3,740

3 210

2

OCfl

2,160

1,650

1,400

1,320

1,110

1,820

3,030

3,030

2,850

4,820

8,720

15,100

21,400

14,200

7,410

4,820

8,720

11,400

9,480

11,800

12,500

6,660

5,000

3,740

3,560

11,400

9,100

Apr.

5,740

4,280

6,110

5,550

4,100

3,210

2,330

2 680

2,510

2,330

2,080

1,740

1,480

1.180

1,250

1,040

OCA

4,100

3,920

3,030

2,080

1 Qfift

1,650

1,740

1,740

1,400

1,900

2 1fifl

1,990

2,080

May.

2 *)Vt

2,330

2,160

1,740

1,320

1,110

1,110

1,320

3,030

3,030

2,160

2,080

12,100

7,590

5,000

8,910

16,900

9,290

5,920

4,100

2,590

1,990

1,480

916

750

566

495

473

510

451

June.

438

404

312

312

301

323

451

360

323

248

210

200

128

87

' 112

157

323

525

1,320

1,480

1,400

1,110

1.400

i;570

1,900

3,210

3,030

2,420

1,820

1,250

July.

1,400

1,040

750

653

1,900

2,330

2,160

750

750

859

1,250

750

653

607

488

431

607

2,850

9,100

5,740

3,030

10,400

15,700

5,740

45,300

22,900

6,290

3,210

2,330

3,030

3,210

Aug.

2,510

2,160

1,820

1.480

916

750

607

ijfift

518

503

488

525

699

466

525

503

488

431

431

1,320

1,040

978

978

916

750

653

1,040

916

978

859

699

Sept.

3,920

2,330

1,250

1.900

1,320

699

525

488

418

335

268

258

228

195

164

153

98

118

607

607

418

372

802

3,920

4,280

3,380

2,330

1,480

1,180

916

Oct.

802

699

607

525

510

372

268

218

181

172

172

172

164

153

218

209

181

172

181

164

153

194

181

99S

296

312

488

525

451

397

372

Nov.

997

312

258

218

218

218

699

8,340

6,480

3,560

2,250

1,480

1

1 on

1,040

916

802

fiflO

699

607

525

525

525

510

488

488

525

510

451

451

354

Dec.

312

335

079

438

653

2,850

3,740

3 030

2,680

2,510

1,180

699

607

525

525

525

ijfift

653

566

488

451

422

488

525

566

607

750

1,180

1,480

4,640

15,500

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 63 and 24,300 second-feet 

(gage heights 3.0 to 16.0 feet). The open-channel rating curve was applied throughout the year. See footnotes to table of daily gage height.

Monthly discharge of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,340 square miles.]

Month.

M^y........ .............................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,300 

19,600 

21,400 

6,110 

16,900 

3,210 

45,300 

2.510 

4, 280 

802 

8,340 

15,500

45,300

Minimum.

1,040 

525 

1,110 

859 

451 

87 

431 

431 

98 

134 

218 

312

87

Mean.

4,170 

3,970 

6,820 

2,610 

3,380 

904 

5,040 

888 

1,170 

312 

1,190 

1,610

2,680

Per 

square 

mile.

3.11 

2.96 

5.09 

1.95 

2.52 

.675 

3.76 

.663 

.873 

.233 

.888 

1.20

2.00

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.58 

3.19

5.87 

2.18 

2.90 

.75 

4.34 

.76 

.97 

.27 

.99 

1.38

27.18

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

BUCKHANNON RIVER AT HALL, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Hall, W. Va.

Records available. June 7, 1907, to May 25, 1909, when station was discontinued

because of backwater from the dam at Boulder. Conditions fully described in

Water-Supply Paper 263, pages 48-49. 

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.
MONONGAHELA BITER BASIN.

Discharge measurements. On September 3,1912, the station was visited and the 

following discharge measurement made by C. T. Bailey: Gage height, 3.60 feet; 

discharge, 195 second-feet. This measurement indicates backwater.

Flood levels. On the same date (Sept. 3, 1912) the elevations of the bench 

marks were checked with a wye level and the elevations of the floods of 1888 and 

July, 1912, referred to gage datum were determined. The high water of 1888 

reached a gage height of about 17.0 feet and that of July, 1912, about 16.0 feet.

WEST FORK RIVER AT ENTERPRISE, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Enterprise, W. Va., three-fourths mile above the

mouth of Bingamon Creek.

Records available. June 2, 1907, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 750 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The elevation

above sea level of the zero of the gage is 869.91 feet.

Channel. Practically permanent; broken by one pier; smooth, rock bottom. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. The flood of 1888 reached a stage of about 33 feet referred to the present

gage datum. Maximum gage height recorded since establishment of station, 17.6

feet January 30, 1911. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for two or three

weeks at a time during December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. The gage reader stated that during the summer of 1908 the only water

running in the river was pumpage from numerous coal mines along the stream;

otherwise the records are good.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

August 28, 1912: Gage height, 2.22 feet; discharge, 334 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 191%. 

[C. M. Tetrick, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.2

6.1

4.3

3.7

4.0

3.45

13.8

9.2

6.5

4.0

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.0

2.9

7.5

5.4

Feb.

4.3

3.7

3.05

7.4

11.5

6.2

4.4

3.8

4.0

12.2

8.2

5.3

.......

Mar.

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

3.9

3.4

3.0

2.7

9.S

9.0

11.8

12.2

9.0

6.3

4.0

4.8

8.9

7.6

7.7

6.5

9.2

7.5

7.2

6.1

8.0

6.3

Apr.

5 5

4.2

7.3

5.7

5.2

4.7

4.0

3.7

3.25

3.05

2.9

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.6

6.2

4.2

3.9

3.25

2.95

2.9

2.65

2.5

2.35

2.2

2.15

2.05

1.97

1.97

2.8

May.

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.35

2.4

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.25

2.3

2.15

2.05

2.05

3.6

4.2

3.7

3.45

3.15

2.95

2.75

2.7

2.45

2.25

2.05

1.96

1.96

1.88

1.76

June.

1.71

1.66

1.61

1.47

1.46

1.36

1.36

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.18

1.06

0.96

.96

1.46

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.55

2.4

1.26

2.2

2.05

1.96

1.96

July.

1.96

1.86

1.81

1.77

1.74

1.72

1.71

1.66

 1.67

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.73

1.55

2.25

1.85

1.75

3.15

2.95

4.0

6.6

3.6

16.6

8.1

6.0

5.4

4.1

3.05

Aug.

3.05

2.65

2.25

1.95

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.69

1.69

1.67

1.67

1.67

1 67

1.66

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.85

6.6

5.0

3.8

- 2.55

2.15

2.05

1.95

1.90

2.65

2.25

2.1

2.0

1.90

Sept.

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

2 A

1.82

1.72

1.70

1.60

1.52

1.40

1.40

1 42

1.35

1.31

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.22

1.21

2.10

2.6

6.6

5.5

4.2

4.6

4.0

3.8

3.4

Oct.

2.5

2.3

1.00

1.00

1.90

1.70

1.64

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.48

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.60

1.55

1.40

1.30

1.35

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.72

1.70

1.60

Nov.

1.60

1.52

1.51

1.60

1 60

1.55

1.70

3.2

4.2

3.3

2.4

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.98

1.92

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.56

1.52

1.50

1.48

1.42

Dec.

1 4fl

1.40

1.38

1.80

o (\z

3.0

5.6

4.5

3.0

2.4

2.3

2.1

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.0

1.95

1.82

1.8

1.76

1.70

1.60

1.80

3.0

3.7

4.2

6.5

NOTE'. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4-19 and about Feb. 2-20. Observer reported ice 10 inches thick Jan. 13 and 7 inches thick Feb. 11.
8 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART III. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2.. ............. 

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20............... 

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4,420

3,250 

1,600

6,700 

3,670

1,380

1,530

1,230

1,090

959

893

707

649

4,740 

2 ' 550

Feb.

1,600

4,630

9,520

3,360

1,680

1,230

1,380

10,400

5,510

2,460

Mar.

1,030

829 

649

540

395

350

307

266

1,300

959

707

540

7,550

6,460

9,900

10, 400

6,460

3,460

1,380

2,010 

6,320

4,850

4,960

3,670

6,700

4,740

4,420

3,250

2,180

5,290 

3,460

Apr.

2,650

1,530 

4,520

2,850

2,360

1,920

1,380

1,160

861

737

649

514

514

489

489

3,360

1,530

1,300

861

678 

649

514

441

372

307

286

246

216

216

593

May.

566

514

489

465

441

372

395

489

465

441

418

328

350

286

246

246

1,090

1,530

1,160

992 

798

678

566

540

418

328

246

212

212

183 

143

June.

127

114 

102

74

73

59

59

48

48

48

48

48

42

34

28

28

73

372

372

350

307

286

266

465

395

48

307

246

212

212

July.

212

176 

158

146

136

130

127

114

116

172

155

140

124

112

133

89

328

172

140

798 

678

1,380

3,780

1,090

16,300

5,400

3,150

2,550

1,450

1,090 

737

Aug.

737

514

328

208

155

124

124

122

122

116

116

116

116

114

112

112

112

172

3,780

2,180 

1,230

465

286

246

208

190

514

328

266

227 

190

Sept.

395

350 

307

286

227

162

130

124

99

83

64

64

67

58

53

52

52

52

48

45 

44

266

489

3,780

2,650

1,530

1,840

1,380

1,230

959

Oct.

441

350 

30

30

190

124

109

99

89

79

79

76

72

64

64

52

99

89

64

52 

58

52

43

36

190

155

155

140

130

124 

99

Nov.

99

83 

81

99

99

89

124

829.

1,530

893

395

266

227

227

220

197

172

155

155

140 

124

124

112

104

99

91

as

79

76

67

Dec.

64

64 

62

155

246

707

2,750

1,760

707

395

350

266

190

172

155

124

124

155

190

227 

208

162

155

143

124

99

155

707

1,160

1,530 

3,670

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve that is well defined between 0 and 2,180 secondfeet (gage heights 0.0 to 5.0 feet) and fairly well defined above 2,270 second-feet (gage height 5.1 feet).

Discharge Jan. 4-19 and Feb. 2-20, estimated, because of ice. from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 4-19,1,000 second-feet; Feb. 2-20, 

850 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is 

believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with 

caution.

Monthly discharge of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 750 square miles.]

Month.

March. ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

August. .................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,400 

10,400 

4,520 

1,530 

465 

16,300 

3,780 

3,780 

441 

1,530 

3,670

16,300

Minimum.

266 

216 

143 

28 

89 

112 

44 

30 

67 

62

Mean.

1,660 

2,000 

3,400 

1,140 

503 

163 

1,330 

440 

563 

111 

235 

548

1,010

Per 

square 

mile.

2.21

2.67 

4.53 

1.52 

.671 

.217 

1.77 

.587 

.751 

.148 

.313 

.731

1.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.55 

2.88 

5.22 

1.70 

.77 

.24 

2.04 

.68 

.84 

.17 

.35 

.84

18.28

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
MONONGAHELA EIVEE BASIN. 29

ELK CREEK NEAR CLARKSBURG, W. VA.

Location. At a footbridge about 6 miles above the mouth of the creek and 300 feet 

above Turkey Run, near Clarksburg, W. Va.

Records available. October 11, 1910, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 107 square miles (Pittsburgh Flood Commission).

Gage. Wooden staff gage (during 1912) fastened to a tree near right abutment of 

footbridge. On November 1,1913 (before the preparation of this report), a metal 

gage section (0 to 3 feet) was attached to the old gage, and the gage was then lowered 

1.0 foot to avoid negative readings. The elevation above sea level of the zero of 

the gage is 955.01 feet. See "Accuracy."

Channel. Rocky and practically permanent. Banks are high and do not overflow.

Discharge measurements. Made from footbridge at high stages; low-water 

measurements made by wading at section about 200 feet below bridge.

Floods. Flood of July, 1912, reached a height of 15 feet on present gage.

Point of zero flow. Gage height at which flow past the gage will cease is about 0.9 

foot, as determined August 30,1912.

Winter flow. Records may be affected by ice for short periods in December, January, 

and February.

Accuracy. On November 1, 1913 (before the preparation of this report), when the 

gage was lowered 1.0 foot as noted above, the old gage was found to be inclined a 

sufficient amount to cause errors in readings taken from the upper portion of the 

gage. The gage was reset in a vertical position. It is not known how long the 

gage was in this inclined condition, and no corrections have been applied to gage 

heights prior to December 31, 1912. All gage heights published in this report 

refer to the new datum and are therefore 1.0 foot greater than those published in the 

report of the Pittsburgh Flood Commission.

Cooperation. This station was established by the Pittsburgh Flood Commission. 

The station was taken over by the United States Geological Survey on July 1, 

1912. Records previous to this date were obtained from the commission.

Discharge measurements of Elk Creek near Clarksburg, W. Va., in 1910-1912.

Date.

1910. 

Oct. 11

1912. 

Aug. 28

Hydrographer.

H.P.Drake 6............................................................

C. T. Bailey..............................................................

height.®

Feet. 

1.48

2.25

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

8.7

c84

a Referred to new datum.

& An engineer of the Pittsburgh Flood Commission.

c Measurement made by wading at section about 400 feet below the gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk Creek near Clarksburg, W. Va.,for 1910-1912. 

[E. H. Smith, observer.]

Day.

1910. 

l.:....

2......

3......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

Oct. Nov.

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

Dec.

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

£3

2.3

2.3

2.2

Day.

1910 

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. 17".

18.

19.

20.

Oct.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Nov.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1:5

1.5

Dec.

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.8

2.9

Day.

1910. 

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31......

Oct.

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

Nov.

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

2.4

3.7

2.7

Dec.

2.5

2.3

2.1

4.2

3.1

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.4

3.5

3.2
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

Daily gage height, infect, of Elk Creek near Clarksburg, W. Va.,for 1910-1912 Contd.

Day.

1911. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1912. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.....;......... 

15...............

16. v . ...........

17.X............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.8

3.2

3.5

3.4

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

6.0

4.7

3.9

3.7

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.4

2 4

3.8

3.3

2.8

2.4

2.9

3.5

3.9

3.2

8.1

3.5

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.3

2 2

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.3

6.2

3.3

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.5

3.8

3.1

Feb.

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.5

2.9

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2 q

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.8

9 9

2 4

3.0

3.1

5.0

3.2

2.7

9 5

3.4

5.0

3.0

2.7

Mar.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.6

3.4

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

3.5

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.8

3.1

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.9

3.0

2.6

2.3

5.8

3.9

4.8

4.7

3.4

2.8

2.6

q 7

3.8

4.3

3.3

4.9

o Q

3.4

3 A

2.6

3.4

3.7

3.1

Apr.

2.9

2.8

2.7

3.8

4.8

3.6

3.2

3.2

4.7

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.5

2 4

4.3

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.4

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.4

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.8

2.6

3.6

2.9

2.6

o z

2

a

9 5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9 

1.9

1.9

1.9

9 Q

2.4 9 9

O 1

2.0

9 ft

1 Q

1 9

1.8 9 °.

9 ^

2.2

<> 9

May.

2.0

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

2 2

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1 Q

1 Q

1 Q

1 Q

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1 Q

1.8

June.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.7

2.5

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.4

2 1

2

0

2.1

1 Q

1.8

1.7

1.6

i 5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

July.

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

q

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.5

2.7

9 n

1.9

9 ft

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1 n

i n

1.4

1.4

9 ft

3

0

q ft

2.1

15.0

Q o

9 %

9 9

9 ft

9 3

2.3

Aug.

1.0

1.0

1.0 1.1 1.1

1.1 1.1 1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

q

q

.9

.9

q

9

Q

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

4.0

4 9

o *.

2.2

9 i

2.1

1 Q

1 S

1.7

1.7

1.6

i 5

1.5

d 9

3.2

o ^

2

0

9 1

1 9

1 9

Q A

9 4

o ft

1 9

i ft

Sept.

3.3

2.5

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.1

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.4

6.0

6.2

4.0

2.8

2 4

2.2

2.1

6.3

3.1

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.49

2.30

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.70

2.90

2.10

1.83

1.67

1.50

1.50 

1.45

1.60

1.80

1.75

2.38

1 qo

1 11

1 60

9 1ft

3.75

9 Qt\

9 dS

9 7ft9 QS

2.68

2.61

Oct.

2.2

4.7

4.7

3.0

2.7

2.3

2.8

4.7

3.1

2.7

3.7

3.1

2.7

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.6

5.2

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 Q

1.8

2.24

2.15

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.59

1.58

1.58

1.57

1.59

1.60 

1.60

.59

.65

.62

.58

60

1.60

1.58

1.87

1.80

1.70

1 7£

1 79

1.68

1.65

1 ft9

1.56

Nov.

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

3.3

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

3.2

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

1.52

1.58

1.54

1.52

1.50

1 49

1.60

3.20

2.60

2.10

1.90

1.82

1.80

.82 

.76

.72

.68

.64

.62

.60

TO

.58

.58

.57

>ifi

.55

.54

CO

.52

.51

Dec.

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0 -2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.9

4.4

3.4

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.7

4.8

3.4

2.7

2.6

3.5

1.50

1.50

1.70

1.72

1.72

3.10

2.60

2.20

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.72

1.64 

1.62

1.65

1.68

1.68

1.80

1 7H

1.70

A4

60

.60

60

60

QA

o JJA

2.78

o on

4.30

NOTE. Daily 

Pittsburgh Floo<: heights Oct. 11 ? 1910, to Dec. 31,1911, obtained from the published report of the 

oamission. See "Gage," "Accuracy," and "Cooperation" in station description.
MONONGAHELA EIVEE BASIN. 31

BUFFALO CREEK AT BARRACKVILLE, W. VA.

Location. At iron highway bridge about one-third mile above the covered wooden 

bridge at Barrackville, W. Va., 2| miles from Fairmont, and about 4 miles above 

mouth of creek.

Records available.1 June 3, 1907, to December 31, 1908, when station was discontinued because the creek goes dry in summer.

Estimates of discharge. For the purpose of obtaining data to make estimates of 

discharge from the gage-height record June 3, 1907, to December 31, 1908, the 

station was visited by C. T. Bailey, August 31, 1912, and the following discharge 

measurement made by wading at a section about 50 feet above the highway 

bridge: Gage height 0.96 foot; discharge 6.3 second-feet. The sea-level elevation 

of the zero of the gage was determined by wye levels from Baltimore & Ohio 

Railroad's permanent bench mark to be 884.40 feet, and the elevation* of the 

bench marks and reference point at the gaging station was checked. The high 

water of July, 1912, reached a stage of approximately 16 feet referred to the 

gage datum. Levels on August 31, 1912, indicated that there would be no flow 

past the gage if the stream were to fall to a stage of 0.6 foot ±0.1 foot, referred 

to gage datum.

CHEAT RIVER NEAR MORGANTOWN, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Uneva, W. Va., 7 miles northeast of Morgan town 

and 10 miles above mouth of river. Parallel of latitude 39° 40/ crosses the river 

at this bridge.

Records available.-^July 8 to December 30, 1899; July 1 to December 29, 1900; 

August 21, 1902, to December 31, 1905; November 18, 1908, to December 31, 

1912.

Drainage area. 1,380 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge.2

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or, at low water, 

by wading.

Winter flow. Ice forms sometimes to a thickness of several inches and large ice 

jams may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during short periods in 

December, January, and February.

Accuracy. This station was not inspected by United States Geological Survey 

engineers during 1910, 1911, and 1912. On November 3 and 4, 1913 (before the 

publication of this report), the station was visited by engineers of the Survey, 

the bench marks and elevation of the zero of the gage were checked with a wye 

level and two discharge measurements were made. A new discharge curve 

above 3,620 second-feet has been drawn for 1912. Discharge values above 7,000 

second-feet, of which there are relatively few, published in previous reports are 

in error from 10 to 20 percent referred to the 1912 rating table, because of what now 

appears to have been an erroneous extension of the rating curve based upon the 

discharge measurement made June 9, 1906, the published values being too low 

by these amounts and the percentage error increasing with the stage. Those 

using the back records for this station should revise them by means of the rating 

table here published .x For use with gage heights 1902-1909, published in WaterSupply Paper 263, the table must be converted to refer to the second staff gage by 

using the table of relation of gages published in Wa.ter-Supply Paper 263, page 51.

i See Water-Supply Paper 243, pp. 65-56.

> See history of this station in Water-Supply Pa pers 263 and 283.
32 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI.

The new discharge rating table differs from the table used 1902 to 1911 above 

3,620 second-feet only, the change being based on 4 discharge measurements 

made during 1912 and January, 1913 (before the preparation of this report), by 

H. P. Drake, an engineer of the West Virginia Development Co. of Pittsburgh, 

Pa. The curve is well denned between discharges 115 and 47,800 second-feet. 

The two discharge measurements made November 3 and 4, 1913, verify the new 

curve.

Discharge measurements of Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va., in 191%.

Date.

Mar. 22*

Hydrographer.

H. P. Drakeo......... ..................................................

.....do...................................................................

Gage

Feet. 

8.18

12.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

22,800

42,300

a An engineer of the West Virginia Development Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[C. F. Baker, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

IS...............

16. ..............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. .............. 

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

6.7

5.4

4.7

4.35

4.05

3.65

3.3

3.1

3.35

3.2

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2

QC

5.6

4.7

4.15

4.0

4.0 

3.85

3.65

3.65

3.4

3.45

5.7 

5.1

Feb.

4.45

4.1

3.75

3.3

2.95

3.15

2 95

2.95

2.65

2.55

2.65

2.75

2.85

2.9

2.7

2

7c

3.95

9.2

8.8

6.6

5.5

5.7

9.9

6.6

5.2

Mar.

4.5

4.0

3.9

3.65

3.45

4.4

3.3

3.35

4.0

4 Q

3.95

3.8

4.15

5.0

7.8

9.3

6.3

5.4

5.0

6.1

9.4

6.2

7.1 

7.0

5.8

5.0

4.5

5.0

6.9

5.7

Apr.

4.9

4.6

5.2

5.1

4.5

4.3

4.05

4

nc

4.1

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.85

4.6

4.8

4.25

3.95

3.75

3.7

3.7 

3.6

3.45

4.2

4.35.

4.1

4.2

May.

4.25

4.15

3.85

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.6

4 1 ^

3.85

3.6

6.2

4.7

6.0

7.5

5.7

5.0

4.45

4.05

3.8

3.55

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.95

9 O

3.05 

2.9

June.

2.75

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.15

2.2

2.5

3.0

3.65

4.4

4.3

4.05

3.6

3.9 

3.7

3.9

3.65

3.5

3.5

4.8

July.

3.85

3.8

4.8

5.0

4.1

3.55

3.3

3.2

3.1

4.0

3.85

3.45

3.3

4.0

4.5

4

K

7.2

5.0

4.9

7.7

6.0

8.7 

12.0

7.2

5.3

4.5

4 3

6.2 

4.9

Aug.

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.3

3.25

3.15

3.05

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.1

3.0

2 9

3.35

3.2

3.1

2.9

3.05

3.95

3.95

3.6

3.6

3.35 

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.4

3.6

4.15

3.85

Sept.

3.75

5.0

4.4

3.95

3.6

3.35

3.1

2.95

2.85

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.6

2.65

3.25

3.3

3.2

2.9

2.8

3.3

6.1

6.2

5.3

5.4

4.5

4.1

3.9

Oct.

3.7

3.55

3.35

3.2

3.05

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.6

2.65

2.85 

3.95

3.9

3.65

3.45

3.25

3.1

3.0

Nov.

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.75

6.9

5.4

4.5

4.05

3.9

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.35

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.05

2.95

2.9

2.9 

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

Dec.

2.55

2.65

3.2

3.3

3.5

5.0

4.4

3.95

3.65

3.45

3.35

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.05

3.15

3.1

3.1

2.85 "i's"

2.8

2.85

3.1

3.25

4.05 

6.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not materially affected by ice during 1912. The 

observer reported ice averaging from 1 to 8 inches in thickness Jan. 4-19 and from 1 to 6 inches from Feb. 

4-21, but the river was entirely frozen over only on Jan. 17 and 18 and the control was reported open at all 

times. The ice went out Jan. 19 and during the night of Feb. 21,
MONONGAHELA EIVEB 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of'Cheat River near

ASIN. 33

Mwgantown, W. Va.,for 191%.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

IS.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21....... 

22.......

23.......

24....... 

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Jan.

15,700

9,040

5,550

4,140

3,150

2,080

1,340

1,040

1,430

1,180

1,040

980

915

805

805

758

710

860

05,480

10,100

5,550 

3,460

3,000

3,000 

2,580

2,080

2,080

1,520

1,620

10,600

7,510

Feb.

4,510

3,300

2,320

1,340

860

1,120

860

860

585

tiAQrt

512

585

668

758

805

0715

625

668

980

2,860

28,400 

26,400

15,200

9,550 

3,620

10,600

32,000

15.200

8,020

Mar.

4,700

3,000

2,710

2,080

1,620

4,320

1,340

1,480

3,000

3,960

2,860

2,450

3,460

7,000

21,300

28,900

13,600

9,040

7,000

12,600

29,400 

23,800

13,100

17,700 

17,200

11,100

7,000

4,700

7,000

16,700

10,600

Apr.

6,500

5,110

8,020

7,510

4,700

3,960

3,150

3,300

2 580

2,200

1,960

1,730

1,730

1 730

1,620

2,580

5,110

6,020

3,790

2,860 

2,320

2,200

2,200 

1,960

1,620

3,620

4,140

3,300

3,620

May.

3,790

3,460

2 580

2*200

1

7OA

1,520

1,620

1,960

3,460

2 580

1,960

1 Qflfl

13,100

10,100

5,550

12,100

19,800

10,600

7,000

4,510

3,150 

2,450

1,840

1,520 

1,430

1,040

915

860

805

980

805

June.

668

585

545

 aw

545

480

480

480

545

425

400

oco

310

310

330

480

915

2,080

4,320

3,960

3,150 

1,960

2,080

2,710 

2,200

2,710

2,080

1 730

l'730

6,020

July.

2,580

1,840

1,260

2 4*;n

6,020

7 000

3' 300

1,840

1,340

1,180

1,040

2,580

1,620

1 340

3,000

4,700

4,700

18,200

7 000

6,500 

20,800

12,100

25,900 

42,700

18,200

8,530

4,700

3,960

13,100

6,500

Aug.

4,320

3,620

2,710

2,200

1,340

1,260

1,120

980

915

osn

980

1,040

915

805

1 430

1,180

i rwft

805

980

9 Rfift

2,860 

1,960

1,960

1,430 

1,180

1,260

1,260

1,520

1,960

3,460

2,580

Sept.

2,320

7,000

4,320

2,860

1 960

1,430

1,120

1,040

860

7EQ

625

585

585

585

c-i o

545

585

1,260

1,340

1,180

805 

710

1,340

12,600 

13,100

8,530

9,040

4,700

3,300

2,710

Oct.

2 9flfl

1,840

1 430

1,180

osn

915

805

710

668

668

625

KAR

545

545

512

480

4W

452

452 dsn

452

545

585

758 

2,860

2,710

2,080

1,620

1,260

1,040

915

Nov.

805

805

758

758

668

668

ag 680

16,700

9,040

4,700

3,150

2,710

2,080

2,080

1,960

1,730

1,430

1,260

1,180

1,040

980

860

805

805 

805

758

710

625

585

545

Dec.

512

585

1,180

1,340

1 430

1,730

7,000

4,320

2,860

2,080

1,620

1 430

M80

1,120

1,180

1,120

1,040

915

980

1,120

1,040 

1,040

758

0734 

710

710

758

1,040

1,260

3,150

16,700

a Interpolated. 

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description.

Monthly discharge of Cheat River near Morgan

[Drainage area, 1,380 square mi.es.]

own, W. Va., for 1912.

Month.

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

D

Maximum .

15,700

32,000

29,400

8,020

19,800

6,020

42,700

4,320

13,100

16,700

16,700

42,700

ischarge in s<

Minimum.

710

512

1,340

1,620

805

310

1,040

512

AK.9

545

512

310

«ond-feet.

Mean.

3,550

6,020

9,510

3,480

4,110

1,510

7,710

1,710

2,940

1,010

2,320

2,020

3,820

Per 

square 

mile.

2.57

4.36

6.89

2.52

2.98

1.09

5.59

1.24

2.13

.732

1.68

1.46

2 77

Run-off

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.96

4.70

7.94

2.81

3.44

1.22

6.44

1.43

2.38

.84

1.87

1.68

37.71

Accn 

racy.

C.

C.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

B.

A.

A.

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description. 

29809° WSP 323 14 3
34 STTKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Rating table for Cheat River at chain gage near Morgantown, W. Fa.,/or 1912.

&,

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

Dis-. 

charge.

Sec.-feet.

115

140

165

190

220

255

290

330

375

425

480

545

625

710

805

915

1,045

1,185

1,340

1,520

1,730

1,955

2,200

Difference.

Sec.-feet.

25

25

25

30

35

35

40

45

50

55

65

80

85

95

110

130

140

155

180

210

225

245

250

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

2,450

2,710

3,000

3,300

"3,620

3,960

4,320

4,700

5,110

5,550

6,020

6,500

7,000

7,510

8,020

8,530

9,040

9,550

10,060

10, 570

11,080

11,590

12,100

Difference.

Sec.-feet.

260

290

300

320

340

360

380

410

440

470

480

500

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

5JO

510

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.40

7.50

7.60

7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

8.10

8.20

8.30

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

12, 610

13,120

13,630

14,140

14,650

15,160

15, 670

16,180

16,690

17,200

17,710

18,220

18,730

19,240

19,750

20,260

20,770

21,280

21,790

22,300

22,810

23,320

23,830

Difference.

Sec.-feet.

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

height.

Feet.

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

8.80

8.90

9.00

9.10

9.20

9.30

9.40

9.50

9.60

9.70

9.80

9.90

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

24,340

24,850

25,360

25,870

26,380

26,890

27,400

27,910

28,420

28,930

29,440

29,950

30,460

30,970

31,480

31,990

32,500

37,600

42,700

47,800

52,900

58,000

Difference.

Sec.-feet.

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

5,100

5,100

5,100

5,100

5,100

o Below gage height 4.2 feet this table is the same as the 1910-11 table. This table applies to all years, 

1902-1912, with proper change of gage heights, 1902-1909 by curve of relation as explained in Water-Supply 

Paper 263, pp. 51-62, and Water-Supply Paper 283, pp. 50-53. See "Accuracy."

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for periods during which ice existed or the channel was obstructed. It is based on 21 discharge measurements made during 1902-1913 and the curve is well denned 

between gage heights 1.5 and 13.0 feet. Above gage height 5.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the 

difference being 510 per tenth.

Use this table to three significant figures only.

SHAVEES FORK RIVER AT PARSONS, W. VA.

Location. At steel highway bridge 600 feet northwest of the railroad station at 

Parson, W. Va., one-third mile above its confluence with Dry Fork.

Records available. October 14, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Established October 

14, 1910, as a Pittsburgh Flood Commission station and was maintained by them 

until taken over by the United States Geological Survey July 1, 1912.

Drainage area. 210 square miles. (Pittsburgh Flood Commission.)

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. Datum unchanged. The elevation 

above sea level of the zero of the gage is 1,631.70 feet.

Channel. Rocky; probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or, at low 

stages, by wading.

Floods. High waters of 1888 and 1907 reached a height of approximately 12.5 feet 

referred to the present gage datum.

Point of zero now. Levels run September 4, 1912, indicate that there would be 

no flow past the gage were the river to fall to a stage of 1.8 feet ±0.2 foot.

Winter now. Affected by ice during severe winters.

Accuracy. Most of the discharge measurements at this station were made by the 

subsurface method and the coefficients used in computing them vary from 0.88 

to 0.95; measurements made this way are not considered by the Survey engineers 

to be as accurate as those made by the six-tenths or two-tenths and eight-tenths 

methods. Estimates of daily and monthly discharge are withheld from publication for the present because values computed from data now available appear 

to be excessive. The gage-height record is not thoroughly reliable as noted in 

the footnote to the table of daily gage height. Anyone using these data should 

do so with caution and should compare any estimates of discharge made with 

those for other gaging stations in the locality and with records of precipitation.
MONONGAHELA EIVEE BASIN 

Discharge measurements of Shavers Fork River at Pan cms, W. Va., in 1910-191%.

Date.

1910. 

Oct. 14

1911.

Oct. 13

Dec. 12

Hydrographer.

H. P. Drakeo. .........

.....do.................

height.

Feet.

2.89

4.22

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

76

958

6312

Date.

1912. 

July 20

20

22

Aug. 22

22

Hydrographer.

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C. T. Bailey... .........

H. P. Drake <*..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.41

4.37

8.02

3.32

3.32

3.05

3.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

61,110

1,070

67,740

6196

6195

117

6144

a An engineer of the Pittsburgh Flood Commission.

6 Velocity determined by subsurface method and coefficient used to reduce subsurface to mean velocity.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Shavers Fork River at Parsons, W. Va.,for 1910-1912.

Day.

1910. 

1......

2......

3...... 

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

10......

D

19 

1......

2......

3......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

11......

12......

13......

14......

15......

16......

17......

18......

19......

20......

21......

22......

23......

24......

25......

26......

27......

28......

29......

30......

31......

Oct.

ay.

11.

Nov.

2.97

2.97

3.07 

2.97

2.97

3.07

2.97

2.97

2 97

2.97

Jan.

3.90

4.50

5.90

5.30

4 7n

3.90

3.70

3.60

3.50

3.20

3.20

3.50

7.20

6.50

5.50

5.60

4.50

4.10

3 on

3.80

3.60

4.50

4.50

4 an

4 Rf>

4 80

5.70

5.60

5.30

9.90

5 90

Dec.

4.B

3.B

3.5 

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.1

2 0

3.0

Feb.

5.78

4.48

4.18

4.08

3.88

3.88

3.78

3.68

3.88

3.78

3.'68

3.78

3.48

3.48

3.38

3.38

3.48

3.58

3.48

3.68

3.58

3.48

3.20

3

OQ

3.08

3.28

3.28

3.18

Da

19

4 11.

4 12.

4 13.

4 14.

4 16.

A 17.

4 18.

4 19

4 20.

Mar.

3 f>fi

3.26

3.26

3.26

3.26

3.36

4.46

2.96

4.16

A ftfi

3

QA

4.46

4.96

5.26

5.06

3.96

3.86

4.06

4 66

4 46

4.36

4.06

3.96

3.86

3.56

3 46

3.46

3.66

3.86

4.06

y10.

....

Ap

3,

4,

4.

4

6.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

4,

A

5.

5.

* 

4

4,

4

4

4

5.

4

4

4,

4,(

3 i

4.(

3.(

C

...

r.

44

S4

W

?4

W

W

U

7A

11

'<1

W

34

14

0,4

74

M

*4

11

W

'1

11

R4

34

11

4

11

31

11

i4

)ct.

2" 89"

2,89

2 SO

9, 89

2 89

2.80

2 89

May

3 fi

3.6

34

3.5

3.6

3 5

3,4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.1

Q n

3 1

3.?!

9 Q

3 0

9 Q

O Q

?,.«

9 Q

2.8

1 Q

9 fi

2.6

9 7

A O

A f\

3,8

3.7

3

7*

?, ?, ?,

?:

?,

7!

?!

?!

?!

?i

7!

?!

i?

?!

7!

?!

?!

?!

?,

?!

?!

?,

3

3

71

a^

a

a

a

?,

tfov.

2.97

2.97

2.97 

2.77

2 97

2.97

2.77

2.87

2.87

2.87

June.

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.40

3 /tft

3.60

3.80

4.00

3.90

3.80

3 on

3.80

3.80

400

3 OA

Q on

3 7fl

A Af\

4

nft

4 0Q

3 on

3.80

3.70

3.80

4.00

3 on

4.00

3 on

3.70

3.40

Dec.

3.14

3.14

3.14 

2.94

2.94

2.94

2.94

2.94

3.14

3.04

July.

3.38

3.08

2.78

2.78

2.78

2.78

2.68

2.78

2.78

2.68

2.88

3.38

3.18

3.08

9 aft

9 aft

9 OS.

2.78

9 ftft

2.68

2 7ft

2,78

9 aft

2

QQ

2.78

9 7ft

9 7ft

2.68

2.58

2.68

a Cft

Daj

191 

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

9Q

30.

31..

Aug.

2.76

9 7fi

2.96

2.86

2 7fi

9 fiA

1.86

9 ^fi

2.66

2.56

2.46

2.46

2.36

O Afi

9 *&

^ 

9 fifi

2 66

9 F*ft

2.56

2

KC

9 AA

9 Afi

9 Sfi

9 ftfi

2

C£

2.4fr

9 fifi

9 Sfi

9 OA

r.

0.

Se

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

?,

3

4

3

3

6

5

4

3

& 

4

0

3

4

3

O

?

9

3

3

3

a

a

a

a

a

3

pt.

64

74

54

44

34

34

14

24

04

74

74

34

74

74

84.

74

>M

34

74

94

04

Q4

84

74

74

S4

Q4

04

O4

74

Bt.

,89

89

.10

2(1

00

00

00

.00

m

,01

.00

Oc

5.

4.

4.

fi.

4

4

5.

4

3

4

4.

4,

7.

5.

4

4

4

4,

4

3.

3

>

t.

7?,

1?

72

72

so

^

72

S2

n

09

no

R?,

OT

on

10

70

f\A

10

f\A

fiO

20*)0

f>0

10

r\f\

X)

50

10

»n

1A

30

'ov.

9i 77

2 87

2.87 

?, 87

9, 97

3 77

3 57

3 67

4 87

3 97

Nov

3 ?

3,4

3,3<

3,?

3.1

A.fi

5.5

4,?

4.0

Q Qj

3.8

3.6

3.5

3 4

3 A.

3,5

3,4

O *7

3 ft

3 fa

o A

3 41

3 3

3 4<

f)

n

n

n

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

n

0

0

0

9

f)

D

0

f)

1

1

Dec.

2.94

3.04

3.14 

3.74

3.74

3.54

3.24

3.24

3.84

5.94

4.84

Dec.

3.90

3.90

3.80

3.70

3.80

3.60

3.40

3.50

3.40

3 sn

3 w>

3

OA

3 40

3.50

3 fin

4.00

4 fin

4.20

4.30

4 <X\

4 JQ

o <7n

4.00

4.20

4 gQ

5.00

5.10

4 on

4.60
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Shavers Fork River at Parsons, W. Va., for 1910-1912 Con.

Day.

1912. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16........ ...... .

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.0

4.9

4.6

43

4.0

4.0

3.6

5.2

5.3

5.0

5

1

4.9

4.8

46

45

4.8

5.1

4.8

Feb.

4.2

4.1

3.6

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3 1

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.1

<? (1

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.5

3 7

3

0

3 Q

4. ^

A A

46

6.1

7.4

6.5

5.6

Mar.

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.7

5

ft

5.2

5.3

K A

5.2

C q

A. fi

48

5

9

7 °>

6.1

5.7

4.8

47

47

46

5.0

c 9

6.0

5.0

Apr.

5.0

5.1

4.9

46

45

46

42

a i

4.0

4.2

A. 1

3.6

3 d.

3

K

3 A

3.3

3.6

S

K

4.0

4.0

3.8

1 7

3.6

q A

^ 5

3.6

3 A

3.5

3.6

3.5

May.

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.4

i n

3.4

3.3

4.0

3.8

7.0

6.3

6.0

K Q

6.1

^ Q

5.0

46

4 0

s 7

q 7

3.6

q e

3.4

3.2

°> 4.

3 1

3 9

q i

q i

June.

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.1

i i

i n

2.1

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

44

45

4 6

s 1

1 Q

a n

4 0

3 A

3 1

9 Q

o 7

3 Q

3.6

July.

3.4

3.3

3.3

4.8

i i

4.3

4.2

3.1

3.6

q q

3.3

3.3

3.5

3 d.

4.2

4.0

40

6.3

6.0

4 4

4 o

7.6

6.6

5.0

o ft

42

44

4.0

q Q

42

41

Aug.

4.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

q i

^ ft

3

ft

q i

q ft

3

n

q i

^ ft

2.9

S o,

q i

3

0

3 9

3.6

3.4

q 9

q A

3.6

3.4

Q ^

3

0

3.4

Sept.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.01

3.02

3.01

2.81

2.81

2.72

9 ift

2.01

9 fto

9 ns

2.02

2

«JO

3

AA

3.02

3.01

2.90

q fto

^ (\C\

q f\f\

3 99

4.80

K. (\C\

4.05

4.05

q 09

3.55

Oct.

3.30

3.22

3.25

3.02

3.10

3.05

3.00

3.10

2.95

2.92

' 2.85

2.75 °. fin

3.10

2

QC

2.90

2.80

2.92

3.10

9 <K

2.80

9 QC

q f\f)

3

AK

3.60

3.55

q en

9 Q5

9 S0.

q qft

^ 9^

Nov.

3.23

3.08

3.00

2.83

2.70

2.88

3.03

6.2

6.0

4.18

3.98

S 7S

3.78

3.93

3.78

3.73

3.58

3.68

3.63

3.48

3.38

3 40

3 M

3 9/1

3.38

3.33

3.18

3.28

q 19

9 S7

Dec.

2.87

2.97

3.07

3.02

3.07

3.87

3.72

3.87

3.77

3.72

3.57

3.47

3.42

3.12

3.02

3.17

3.07

3.17

3.12

3.07

3.02

2.97

2.77

2.87

3.27

3.17 Q 0.7

5.15

5.25

NOTE. Gage heights Oct. 14,1910, to Dec. 31,1911, obtained from published report of the Pittsburgh 

Flood Commission. Gage heights for May 23, Aug. 7,1911; June 6,9,21, and Sept. 10-14,1912, appear to be 

1.0 foot too low as result of errors in observations. Gage heights Mar. 9,17.18, Sept. 15, Oct. 12,1911; June 

25,26, and July 8,1912, may also be 1 foot too low. Gage heights at other times, such as Nov. 29,1910, and 

Nov. 7,1911,may be 1.0 foot too high. Two errors of afoot each during the fourth quarter of 1912 were found 

by correspondence with the observer. It appears, therefore, that this gage-height record is not thoroughly 

reliable.

Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Dec. 3-23,1910; Jan. 7-19, Feb. 5-20, 

and Dec. 25-31,1912. During 1912 the observer reported river frozen over Jan. 9-19 and Dec. 25-26, "ice 

going out" Dec. 30, and "ice backing up" Dec. 31.

YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

Location. At highway bridge about half a mile from the railroad station at Confluence, Pa., and about half a mile above the mouth of Casselman River.

Records available. September 15, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 435 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is occasionally affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge measurements made during 1911 and 1912 indicate marked 

effect from backwater at this station, and estimates of discharge are withheld until 

this effect can be more fully investigated. For a statement of general conditions 

at this station see Water Supply Papers 263 and 283.

Cooperation. This station is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission 

of Pennsylvania, which supplied all records for 1912.
MONONGAHELA BIVER BASIN. 37

The following discharge measurement was made by R. A. Boehringer, an engineer 

of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania: 

December 4, 1912: Gage height, 2.50 feet; discharge, 414 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

5.80

4.80

4.05

3.70

3.40

3.15

3.00 

2.95

2.95

3.05

3.70

3.45

3.15

3.15

3.20

3.15

3.85

7.25

7.60

6.25

5.75

5.15

5.15

5.15

4.65

4.20

3.85

4.05

4.20 

4.35

Feb.

4.30

4.20

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.05

4.00 

3.70

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.15

3.10

3.35

4.95

5.85

5.80

5.60

5 4fi

5.20

12.85

9.60

6.00

4.60

Mar.

4.00

3.70

3.50

3.25

3.10

3.00

3.00 

3.20

3.90

3.40

3.30

3.35

3.20

3.10

611.32

9.55

6.10

5.30

7.15

15.30

10.25

6.50

7 50

6.60

5.50

4.90

5.85

5.10 

4.80

Apr.

4.50

4.30

4.20

4.10

3.85

3.85

3.70 

3.60

3.50

3.30

3.30

3.20 °. m

3.00

2.90

2.95

2.90

3 7ft

3.90

3.50

3 4ft

3.20

3.10

** ftft

9 on

2.90

3.10

4 on

4 00

4.40

May.

4.05

3.90

3.70

3.65

3.45

3.35

3.30 °. m

3.10

3.05

2.95

2.95

2.85

2.85

2.80

8.25

6.10

4.80

4.45

4.20

4.05

3.85

3.60

3.35

3.10

3 An

2.75

2.70

2.50

June.

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.00

2.05

1.95

1.95

1 90

1.95

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.95

3.95

3 AC

2.65

2.50

2.35

2.25

2.30

2.50

2.55

2.75

2.65

2.50

2

KK

4.70

July.

4.15

3.85

3.70

3.65

3.90

3.50

3.05 

2.80

2.65

2.65

3.00

4.20

3.20

2.80

2.60

3.45

3.75

3.55

3.35

3.15

4.40

6.35

4.15

14.95

10.65

6.20

4.85

4.05

3.75

4.80 

3.70

Aug.

3.39

3.04

2.84

2.69

2.59

2.49

2.44 

2.39

2.29

2.44

2.34

2.24

2.19

2.24

2.44

2.39

2.34

2.34

2.34

3.24

2.69

2.69

2.64

2.59

2.54

2.49

2.44

2.44

2.89

3.09 

2.94

Sept.

2.93

4.83

5.43

4.73

4.33

4.03

3.83 

3.53

3.33

3.13

2.83

2.63

2.48

2.33

2.23

2.23

2.23

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.23

3.68

6

QO

5.03

4.33

5.23

4.43

3

00

3.43

Oct.

3.12

2.92

2.77

2.62

2.52

2.42

2.32 

2.22

2.12

2.12

2.12

2 19

2.12

2.07

2.07

2.07

2.02

2 fl9

2.02

1.97

1 Q7

1.97

2.32

9 79

2.72

2.82

2.67

2.52

2

0«

2.27 

2 17

Nov.

2.16

2.16

2.11

2.11

2.06

2.06

3.61 

5.16

4.01

3.31

3.06

2.96

2.86

2.96

2.81

2.71

2.61

2.56

2.46

2.41

2.36

2.31

2.26

9 91

2.16

2.11

2.11

2.06

2.01

2.01

Dec.

2.01

2.06

2.56

2.46

2.41

3.80

3.90 

3.40

3.15

2.95

2.70

2.50

2.35

a2.35

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.50

2.80

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.85

2.50

2.25

2.00

2.10

2.40

2.65

4.50 

5.70

o Ice formed along banks.

6 Maximum 11.75 feet during night of Mar. 15.

c Ice gorge at Casselman River, causing backwater.

OASSELMAN RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

Location. At highway bridge about 500 yards from the railroad station and a few 

hundred yards above the junction of Casselman and Youghiogheny rivers.

Records available. September 15, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 450 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Winter now. Relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice at times.

Accuracy. Estimates of discharge are withheld for the present. For a discussion 

of the general conditions at this station see Water Supply Papers 263 and 283.

Cooperation. Station maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, which furnished all records for 1912.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. A. Boehringer, an engineer 

of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania: 

December 4, 1912: Gage height, 2.48 feet; discharge, 429 second-feet.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily gage height, infect, of Casselmen River at Confluence, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2.. .............

3...........;...

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. .............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.89

4.04

3.64

3.34

3.04

2.84

9 fi<l

2.54

2.49

9 <y.

2 54

2.59

2 74

2.94

3.94

68.89

8 94

7 94

7 54

4.74

4 74

4.74

<*5.14

6

KA

7.34

6.74

6.34

Feb.

6.20

6.00

5.60

5 Oft

5.10

4.90

4.80

5.00

5.40

5.20

5.10

S on

4.90

4 90

4 Art

4.80

4.80

<t on

5.30

6.85

7.10

7 00

6.80

6.70

6.70

13.10

9 Aft

4 OK

3.60

.......

Mar.

3.20

2 Aft

2.75

2

fiC

2.60

2.55

2

Crt

2.60

3.20

2

OC

2

Of\

2.60

2.55

2

Crt

10.50

8.75

5.10

4.90

4.75

7 00

17.00

9.60

5.65

7 ftft

5.60

4 Art

4.70

4 60

5.60

5.05

4.05

Apr.

3 OK

3 7n

3.55

3.45

3.30

3.20

3

1ft

3 An

2.90

2 OK

2 Oft

2

7C

2.65

2.65

2.60

2 fi.f\

3 7fi

3

rtft

9 7*

2 7£

2

7C

2.70

2 70

2 OK

2.70

3.60

3

0ft

4 60

May.

4 Aft

3.85

3.70

3 60

3

Crt

°. A.(\

3

0ft

3

ift

3.00

2 AC

2 Aft

2

OC

2 85

2

Ort

9 sn

7 80

5 nfi

3 on

3

7C

3.60

3.50

3 j.fi

3 on

3

-ifi

O Q^

2 on

2 60

2 60

2.50

2.40

June.

2.30

2.20

2.10

2 00

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.90

i on

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

2.20

6.20

3.20

2.80

2 7fi

2.60

2

cn

2.45

2.45

O cfi

2.35

2.25

9 <tn

4.20

July.

3.25

2.90

2.80

2 7n

2.70

3.05

2

7*

2.55

2.40

2 or

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.10

4.00

3.20

3.00

2.80

2.70

4

Af\

6.00

3.80

1O 7K '

9 15

4.85

3.70 <* on

3.10

3.10

2.75

Aug.

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.35

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.10

2.30

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.20

2.55

2.45

2.40

2.50

2.60

4.50

3.65

3.55

3.45

3.35

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.15

3.45

3.30

3.10

Sept.

3.00

4.50

7.20

4.70

4.10

3.90

3.80

3.55

3.40

3.25

2.95

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.40

3.50

6.85

4.70

4.30

5.30

4.80

4.40

4.10

Oct.

3.80

3.50

3.10

2.90

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.05

2.05

2.05

3.20

2.75

2.70

2.60

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.20

Nov.

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.10

4.10

4.35

3.40

3.20

3.00

2.80

2.70

2.«0

2.75

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.35

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.10

Dec.

2.10

2.20

2.60

2.40

2.40

3.25

3.10

2.80

2.55

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.15

o2.25

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.65

2.60

2.40

2.25

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.20

2.30

2.35

3.35

4.70

o Ice along shores.

6 Ice went out about 11 a. m. and gorged below the confluence, causing backwater.

c Channel open through gorge.

ct Channel frozen and starting to gorge.

LAUREL HILL CREEK AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

Location. At highway bridge about one-fourth mile from the railroad station and 

only a few hundred yards above the junction of the creek with Youghiogheny 

River.

Records available. September 15, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 126 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifts as result of refuse dumped into the creek from a tannery a short 

distance above the bridge.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during short 

periods.

Accuracy. Relation of gage height to discharge is affected by backwater-from the 

Youghiogheny and by shift of channel at bridge. As a result the records of 

flow at this station are not so good as at the other two stations at Confluence. 

Estimates of discharge are withheld for the present. For a discussion of general 

conditions at this station, see Water Supply Papers 263 and 283.

Cooperation. This station is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission 

of Pennsylvania, which furnished the records for 1912.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. A. Boehringer, an engineer 

of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania: 

December 4, 1912: Gage height, 2.17 feet; discharge, 147 second-feet.
MTJSKINGTJM BIVER BASIN. 39 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14... ............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30.............. 

31...............

Jan.

3.80

3.30

3.05

2.90

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.65

64.30

5.00

4.00

3.45

3.20

3.20

<* in

3.15

3.10

3.10

3.00

3.00 

3.00

Feb.

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.75

2.70

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.65

2.80

3.65

3.65

3.60

3.30

3.15

3.10

9.25

9

"; 15

4 00

3.50

Mar.

3.10

2.80

2.70

2.55

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.50

3.10

2.65

2.50

2.60

2.50

2.50

8.00

7.05

4.10

4.00

3.80

5.15

14.40

7.20

4.15

5.00

4.20

3.80

3 Cft

3 Aft

4.05

3.55 

3.40

Apr.

3.15

3.15

3.05

3.00

2.90

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.60

3.35

3.10

2.85

2.70

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.70

3.45

3.20

3.95

May.

3.55

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.20

3.05

2.95

2.90

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.70

6.75

4.65

3.55

3.40

3.30

3.15

3.05

3.00

2.90

2.85

2.65

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.20 

2.20

June.

2.09

2.04

1.94

1.89

1.89

1.84

1.84

1 84

1.79

1.79

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.94

4.94

3.04

2.64

2.54

2.39

2.44

2.34

2.19

2.14

2.29

2.24

2.19

2.29

3.19

July.

2.83

2.43

2.43

2.33

2.63

2.48

2.33

2.23

2.18

2.13

2.23

2.13

2.03

1 98

1.93

3.28

2.93

2.73

2.53

2.53

3.93

4.63

3.13

9.93

3.58

3.13

2.93

2.83

2.83 

2.53

Aug.

2.41

2.31

2.21

2.11

2.01

1.96

1.96

1 01

1.91

1.81

1.91

1.86

1.86

9 11

2.51

2.31

2.11

2.31

2.51

3.66

3.56

3.41

3.31

3.21

1 11

3.01

2.91

2.91

3.21

2.91 

2.81

Sept.

2.80

4.40

6.65

4.40

4.00

3.70

3.60

3.40

3.20

3.05

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.40

5.15

5.80

4.25

4.00

4 90

3.80

3.30

3.00

Oct.

2.88

2.68

2.53

2.43

2.38

2.28

2.23

2.13

2.03

2.03

2.03

2.03

2.03

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.93

1.93

1.88

1.88

1.83

1.83

3.23

2.93

2.88

2.83

2.73

2.63

2.53

2.43 

2.33

Nov.

2.27

2.27

2.22

2.17

2.12

2.12

3.27

3.47

2.83

2 72

2.62

2.52

2.42

2.57

2.42

2.32

2.27

2.22

2.22

2.17

2.12

2.12

2.07

2.07

2.02

2.02

1.97

1.92

1.92

1.92

Dec.

1.87

1.97

2.32

2.02

2.20

3.00

2.80

2.55

2.40

2.30

2.15

2.05

1.95

o2.15

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.60

2.40

2.25

2.15

2.05

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.05

2.20

4.25 

3.55

o Ice along shores. 6 Backwater from ice gorge on Casselman River.

MTTSKINGUM RIVER BASIN. 

MUSKINGUM EIVEB AT ZANESVILLE, OHIO.

Location. At lower pool at Lock No. 10, Zanesville, Ohio, and 4,000 feet below

the mouth of Licking River. 

Records available. June 4, 1887, to December 31, 1912. The United States

Geological Survey began making measurements at this station in March, 1905. 

Drainage area. 5,820 square miles. 

Gage. Staff gage in lower pool at Lock No. 10; datum probably unchanged since

established. 

Channel. The crest of the dam at Lock No. 9, 9 miles below Lock No. 10, acts as a

point of control for the gage. As the dams on the Muskingum are fixed dams,

the relation between gage height and discharge would be permanent, and once

determined would apply indefinitely if conditions at the dams remained

unchanged. See notes under ' 'Accuracy.'' 

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of Sixth Street Bridge,

1,000 feet above Lock No. 10. 

Floods. The maximum flood gage height, according to the United States Weather

Bureau, was 36.8 feet March 24, 1898. 

Point of zero flow. The crest of dam No. 9 acts as a point of control except as the

water may be drawn off by openings in the lock or leakage through the dam.

The elevation of the crest is 7.0 feet, referred to gage datum. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is sometimes affected during

the winter months by ice cover and occasionally by ice jams.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IH.

Artificial control. The operation of two power plants at Dam No. 9 modifies the 

flow past the lower gage at Dam No. 10 to an unknown extent.

Accuracy. Investigations and studies made during 1912 show that the records at 

this station are practically worthless as a means of making accurate determinations 

of discharge, because of leakage through Dam No. 9 prior to 1907 and the operation 

of the two power plants at Dam No. 9. All estimates of discharge previously 

published for this station should therefore be used with great caution, as they are 

in error an unknown amount; the lower the flow the greater the possible error.

Cooperation. Gage readings are furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

Discharge "measurements of Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, in 1912.

Date.

May 2

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk....... ......

.....do..................

C.T. Bailey.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

20.64

15.48

15.9

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

OQ Afift

1Q QArt

22,300

Date.

24

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.9

8.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

13.900

3,570

Daily gage height, in feet, of Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

15.8

15.3

14.0

12.4

11.0

10.0

9.9

9.7

9.6

9.6

9.5

9.5

9.4

9.4

9.4

9.4

9.3

9.9

15.4

17.6

17.7

17.7

16.7

15.7

14.2

-13.8

13.2

12.1

11.6

14.0

13.8

Feb.

13.8

12.5

12.1

11.4

10.9

10.6

10.4

10.2

10.0

9.9

9 8

9.4

9.2

9.2

9.6

10.0

10.5

11.8

18.8

18.6

16.7

15.8

15.2

15.1

ias

22.4

20.4

18.1

Mar.

15.0

12.5

11.4

10.8

10.2

9.8

9.5

9.8

11.0

10.8

10.6

10.9

11.2

16.4

19.3

17.8

17.2

16.2

15.4

16.6 ia4

16.8

17.7

19.2

18.0

17.8

18.3

20.0

22.2

22.6

Apr.

21.6

22.8

21.6

20.6

18.6

15.8

15.4

14.6

13.8

12.6

11.2

11.2

12.2

13.9

14.5

14.1

14.2

13.8

12.4

11.4

10.8

10.4

10.1

9.9

10.5

10.2

11.8

15.2

May.

16.6

15.9

14.4

12.6

11.2

10.8

10.4

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.5

9.7

10.0

10.0

9.8

10.2

11.6

11.2

10.6

10.0

9.6

9.2

9.0

8.9

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.5

as

9.6

9.6

June.

9.3

9

n

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.5

15.2

14.6

13.5

11.4

10.3

9.7

9.4

9.1

8.9

8.8

8.7

8.6

as

as

July.

8.4

8.7

8.5

8.7

8.6

8.6

8.4

8.4

8.2

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.6

8.5

8.6

8.5

9.1

8.7

8.4

8.8

9.2

10.2

12.4

11.8

11.0

11.1

11.0

10.2

9.4

9.4

10.0

Aug.

9.5

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.3

8.3

ae

9.8

9.8

9.9

9.8

9.5

9.1

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.6

8.6

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.7

8.6

8.5

9.0

9.0

as

9.5

Sept.

9.7

9 0

9.4

10.8

11.2

10.4

10.0

10.2

9.8

9.5

9.2

8.8

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.8

8.8

8.9

8.9

9.1

8.8

8.5

8.5

9.3

10.1

9.8

9.2

9.0

8.6

8.6

Oct.

8.4

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.1

8.1

8.0

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.4

8.4

8.8

9.8

11.6

10.4

9.4

9.0

8.6

8.6

8.5

Nov.

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.7

8.8

9.0

8.8

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8

0

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

Dec.

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.7

9.0

10.6

9.8

9.0

8.6

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.9

8.4

9.6

NOTE. Daily gage heights are means of two readings per day furnished Toy United States Engineer 

Corps and therefore differ from those published by the United States Weather Bureau, which represent 

one reading each day. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice during a part of 

January and February.
StTBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI. 41

MOHICAN RIVER BASIN. 

MOHICAN RIVER AT POMERENE, OHIO.

Location. At highway bridge at Pomerene, Ohio, 4 miles from Walhonding, Ohio,

and 5 miles below the mouth of Owl Creek. 

Records available. December I, 1910, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Coarse gravel; apparently permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge ia sometimes affected by ice

cover and ice gorges during the winter months. 

Diversions. A feeder for the Ohio Canal formerly took water from the river at

Cavallo, some distance above Pomerene, but this feeder has not been in use for

some time. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge

to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

May 6, 1912: Gage height, 4.40 feet; discharge, 1,470 second-feet. This discharge 

measurement indicates a change in the relation of gage height to discharge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mohican River at Pomerene, Ohio, for 1912. 

[F. L. Rodehaver, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.1

6.2

5.8

5.3

5.2

5.2

o5.4

o5.5

5.2

o4.8

o4.6

a 4. 4

«4.3

4.0

9.3

6.4

6.3

5.8

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.4

4.8

5.4

5.8

Feb.

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.85

3.6

4.15

5.4

8.2

5.6

6.0

6.3

6.6

6.1

11.2

7.4

6.9

6.6

Mar.

5.9

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.5

3.9

3.8

4.0

5.1

5.1

4.4

4.4

5.1

5.0

10.9

8.8

6.8

6.1

5.9

5.7

7.8

7.1

6.6

7.8

6.8

5.8

5.3

6.6

11.1

12.4

9.2

Apr.

8.5

10.0

9.0

8.4

7.4

6.3

7.0

6.4

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.8

6.9

7.0

6.9

7.4

6.5

5.5

4.9

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.3

3.9

4.3

4.2

4.2

7.4

May.

6.5

5.4

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.05

3.9

3.85

4.05

4.4

4.45

4.05

4.2

5.3

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.35

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.49

3.47

4.25

4.8

4.7

June.

4.6

4.6

4.0

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.43

3.22

3.18

3.13

3.12

3.10

3.12

3.20

5.6

10.2

7.4

6.1

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.35

3.9

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.5

July.

3.65

3.6

4.05

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.34

3.43

3.43

3.75

3.95

4.6

4.5

4.45

5.4

4.9

5.4

5.0

4.3

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.5

6.4

5.5

5.3

4.8

4.8

4.6

5.3

Aug.

4.5

3.8

3.65

3.4

3.37

3.30

3.27

3.27

3.25

3.37

3.5

4.05

3.95

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.45

3.32

3.22

3.17

3.15

3.14

3.27

3.34

3.30

3.27

3.23

3.22

3.65

3.95

4.3

Sept.

4.1

3.95

3.9

3.44

3.25

4.05

3.75

3.6

3.6

3.35

3.04

2.85

2.81

2.98

3.8

4.05

4.0

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.5

3.65

4.06

3.95

3.65

3.75

3.85

3.65

3.65

3.6

Oct.

3.47

3.41

3.16

3.02

2.97

2.95

2.96

2.98

3.25

3.26

3.21

3.22

3.20

3.19

2.93

2.88

2.86

2.86

3.47

3.45

3.41

3.27

3.22

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.2

3.85

3.65

3.46

Nov.

3.65

4.0

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.65

4.05

3.95

3,85

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.38

3.21

3.12

3.09

3.06

3.03

2.97

2.96

2.94

2.92

2.90

2.90

2.88

2.87

2.86

Dec.

2.83

3.34

3.85

3.S5

3.S5

4.35

4.8

4.6

4.15

3.75

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.47

3.43

3.39

3.37

3.33

3.31

3.25

3.15

3.11

3.30

3.31

3.28

3.25

3.20

3.17

3.13

3.39

4.4

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-19 and about Feb. 2-20. The 

observer reported as follows: "Jan. 7 and 8, river frozen over and holds water back. Jan. 9-16, river entirely 

frozen over. Jan. 8-16, control frozen over; ice from 3 to 9 inches thick. Jan. 19, ice breaking up and 

running out. Jan. 20, ice gone. Feb. 4-17, river at gage and control frozen over, ice from 2 to 11 inches 

thick. Feb. 17, thawing. ' Feb. 19, raining; ice beginning to back up. Feb. 20, raining; ice gorge holding 

water back. Feb. 21, raining; ice all gone.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 

SOUTH FORK OF NEW RIVER NEAR CRUMPLER, N. C.

Location. About 1.6 miles above the confluence of North and South forks of New

River and about 4 miles from Grumpier, N. C. 

Records available. August 12, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 325 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to trees on left bank; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat at a section about half a mile below

the gage or by wading at a section about 500 feet below the gage. 

Winter flow. Ice usually does not form in sufficient quantity to cause backwater at

Accuracy. The gage-height record is considered very reliable. Sufficient data have 

not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made. This gaging 

station was not visited by engineers of the Geological Survey during 1912, but on 

December 16,1913, the station was visited and the elevations of bench marks and 

zero of gage were checked with a wye level and a discharge measurement was 

made.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C.,for 1912.

[J. J. Garvey, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.... ...........

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1.8

1.7

1.55

1.43

1.38

1.30

2.05

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.65

1.75.

1.75

1.8

1.95

2.15

2.15

2.05

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.44

1.30

1.49

1.75 

1.65

Feb.

1.48

1.42

1.44

1.34

1.36

1.7

1.65

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.46

1.55

1.49

1.36

1.47

1.55

1.48

1.38

1.41

1.85

2.9

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.9

2.15

2 n

1.85

Mar.

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.75

2.0

2.0

3.0

3.1

2.6

2.15

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

2.0

9 1

1.9

1.8

1.75

2.7

2.5 

2.1

Apr.

2.0

2.25

2.15

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.75

1 S

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.75

May.

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.49

1.47

1.5

2.7

2.5

2.05

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.05

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.6

1.55

June.

1.48

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.5

1.65

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.44

1.41

1.39

1.38

1.55

1.7

1.75

1.55

1.46

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.33

1.32

1.95

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.42

1.5

July.

1.40

1.42

1.55

1.48

1.6

1.85

1.65

1.5

1.48

1.5

1.55

2.0

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.9

2.15

1.95

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.43

1.4

1.85 

1.65

Aug.

1.48

1.40

1.36

1.40

1.42

1.40

1.34

1.30

1.46

1.48

1.44

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.28

1.32

1.28

1.28

1.27

1.34

1.36

1.29

1.24

1.18

1.17

1.17

1.17

1.14

1.14

1.12 

1.11

Sept.

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.09

1.06

1.12

1.23

1.48

1.39

1.23

1.08

1.10

1.22

1.32

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.22

1.19

1.26

1.18

1.13

2.05

2.3

1.7

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.37

Oct.

1.35

1.31

1.28

1.24

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.18

1.18

1.15

1.14

1.14

1.14

1.29

1.40

1.36

1.26

1.18

1.22

1.25

1.24

1.30

1.37

1.34

1.26

1.20

1.18

1.15

1.15

1.15 

1.14

Nov.

1.17

1.20

1.18

1.16

1.15

1.14

1.95

2.25

1.65

1.45

1.36

1.32

1.30

1.39

1.34

1.30

1.26

1.22

1.21

1.20

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.14

1.24

1.42

1.37

Dec.

1.28

1.30

1.30

1.28

1.32

1.38

1.44

1.35

1.28

1.25

1.21

1.18

1.31

1.28

1.22

1.34

1.24

1.20

1.22

1.21

1.19

1.19

1.24

1.25

1.20

1.38

1.5

1.38

1.40

1.7 

1.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-19 andabout Feb. 3-16. Observer 

made full notes relative to ioe, reporting the river frozen over Jan. 6-19 with ice from 4 to 12 inches thick. 

Ice began to break up Jan. 19 and was all gone Jan. 29. Ice formed again Feb. 3 and remained until about Feb. 17, thickness varying from 4 to 5 inches.

NEW RIVER NEAR GRAYSON, VA.

Location. At Norfolk & Western Railway bridge at Fries Junction, 1 mile from 

Grayson, Va., immediately above the mouth of Chestnut Creek.
KABTAWHA BTVER BASIN". 43

Records available. August 7, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station was discontinued January 4, 1913, because of backwater from the Appalachian Power CO.'B 

dam No. 2.

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Irregular but practically permanent. The river at the measuring section 

is wide, with an irregular, rocky bottom; current rough and rapid.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Gage heights are little, if any, affected by ice.

Artificial control. The operation of a large cotton mill, run by water power, about 

4 miles above the gage, affects the flow of the river during low water.

Accuracy. The characteristics noted under "Channel" made this a rather poor 

station, but with careful work accurate discharge measurements can be made. 

Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be 

made.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bailey and Carr: 

September 25, 1912: Gage height, 4.62 feet; discharge, 3,070 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River near Gray son, Va.,for 1912. 

[Oscar Williams, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.5

4.35

4.3

4.15

3.89

3.77

3.68

4.3

4.4

4.35

4.35

4.25

4.35

4.3

4.65

4.5

4.25

4 9

4.25

4.35

4.55

4.4

4.2

4.05

4.1

4.05

4.05

4.05

4.1

A. O

4.8

Feb.

4.4

4.25

4.05

3.78

3.81

3.94

4.1

4.1

4.05

4.05

4.05

3.94

3.79

3.96

3.9

3.87

3.98

3.98

4.1

4.1

4.4

5.8

5.0

4.6

4.65

4.8

5.4

5.1

4.7

.......

Mar.

4.45

4.35

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.4

4.35

4.55

4.75

4.8

4.65

4.6

4.85

4.95

6.0

7.0

5.8

<; 9

4.85

4.75

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.6

5.2

4.9

4.65

4.6

5.1

t\ Q

5.2

Apr.

4.9

5.1

5.6

5.3

4.8

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.25

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.25

4 9*

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.15

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.5

May.

4.45

4.4

^ 4.35

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.15

4.1

4.1

5.5

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.9

5.4

4 O

4.6

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.05

4.15

4.25

4 s

4.15

June.

4.05

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.05

4.15

4.05

4.0

3 CM

3.89

3.86

3.82

o Qn

4.1

A O

4 05

3 Oft

3.92

3.84

3.81

3.79

3.86

3 SJ.

4 >\

4.4

4.3

4.0

4.1

4.4

July.

4.2

4.0

4.05

4.4

4.9

4.6

4.35

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.35

4.4

4 s

4 9

4.1

3.99

4

(\K

4.2

4.4

a "v.

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.98

4.1

3.98

3.86

3.83

4.25

4.2

Aug.

4.05

3.96

3.86

3.93

4.0

3.90

3.83

3.79

3.82

3.92

3.98

3.88

3.8

3.78

q 77

3.76

3.78

q 74

3.74

3.78

4

RK

4.1

3.94

3.83

3.78

3

7K

3 74

3.68

3.68

3.69

Sept.

3.66

3.66

3.62

3.60

3.63

3.66

3.62

3.74

4.0

3.80

3.67

3.60

3.98

3.78

3.72

3.75

3.68

s 7<;

3.98

3.94

3 74

3.67

4.15

5.3

4.7

4 9

4.1

4 1*

4.1

3.96

Oct.

3.82

3.80

3.72

3.75

3.71

3.68

3.67

3.74

3.65

3.63

3.62

3.62

3.65

3.68

3.79

3.87

3.76

3.69

3.72

3.75

3.76

3.76

3.79

3.78

3.75

3.69

3.67

3

KK

3.65

3.64

3.60

Nov.

3.60

3.67

3.67

3.65

3.61

3.78

4.0

4.5

4.3

3.99

3.86

3.86

3.85

3.84

3.88

3.80

3.71

3.76

3.68

3.67

3.56

3.70

3.68

3.64

3.56

3.61

3.77

3.65

3.59

3.61

Dec.

3.69

3.82

3.78

3.85

3.92

3.88

3.90

3.86

3.81

3.72

3.70

3.75

3.60

3.78

3.66

3.72

3.83

S 7S

3.71

3.76

3.65

3.60

3.68

3.65

3.65

3.84

3

QK

3.75

4.0

05.9

o Observer reported backwater from Appalachian Power Co.'s dam below gaging station.

NOTE. Observer made no notes relative to ice in the river, simply reporting "snow and ice" Jan. 8 and 

"sleet and rain" Jan. 29. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 6-19 

and about Feb. 5-17.

NEW EIVEE AT EADFOED, VA.

Location. At toll highway bridge near the Norfolk & Western Railway station at 

Radford, Va., 1J miles below Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and 6 miles 

below the mouth of Little River.

Records available. August 1, 1898, to July 15,1906; May 6, 1907, to December 31, 

1912.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Drainage area. 2,720 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. The United States Weather Bureau 

gage was originally used at this point, but owing to its inaccessibility it was 

replaced by a wire gage referred to the same datum February 23, 1900. On 

December 1, 1903, the wire gage was replaced by a chain gage and the datum 

lowered 3.41 feet to avoid negative readings.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the highway 

bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height, according to United States Weather Bureau, was 

37.4 feet September 15, 1879.

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling July 17, 1911, indicates that 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 1.0 foot±0.3 

foot.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is only occasionally affected 

by ice.

Artificial control. Power plants about 50 miles above station may affect flow to 

a small extent.

Accuracy. A good discharge rating curve for this station has been obtained as a 

result of numerous discharge measurements. No discharge measurements were 

made at this station during 1912. Five discharge measurements made during 

1913 indicate a change in the rating curve such that the new curve will give 

results about 6 per cent smaller than the curve used in this report.

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River at Radford, Va.,for 1912. 

[R. B. Harvey, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.. .............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.2

3.8

3.29

3.30

3.55

3.8

4.0

4.05

4.0

4.0

3.85

3.85

4.0

3.95

3.65

3.95

4.35

4.35

4.35

4.05

4.0

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.9

3.95

4.8

5.3

Feb.

4.2

4.3

4.05

3.6

3.46

3.65

3.8

3.95

3.95

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.65

3.8

3.75

3.65

3.65

3.85

3.9

4.05

4.2

7.3

5.7

4.9

5.1

5.2

6.5

5 7

5.1

Mar.

4.8

4.45

5.3

5.1

4.9

6.0

5.9

7.6

9

ft

6.8

5.9

5.3

5.0

4 9

4.7

4.6

4.8

5.7

5.1

4.8

8.5

7.5

6.1

Apr.

5.5

5.6

6.7

5.9

5.3

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.35

4.25

i is

4 1

4.45

4.45

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.1

4. 15

4 Q5

4.8

May.

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.25

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.05

9.2

6.8

5.4

5.0

6.3

6.9

5.6

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.45

4.35

4.25

4 15

4.1

4.05

4.05

4.2

4 OK

4.2

June.

4.1

3.9

4.0

4.2

4.0

3 Q

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.75

3

7K

3.7

3.65

3.65

3.85

3.95

4.0

3.8

3.85

Q 7

3.6

3.55

3.65

3.9

4.1

4.25

4.5

q Q

3

QK

July.

4.15

4.15

3.9

4.05

4.3

5.0

4.5

4.20

3.95

3.95

* 4.0

4.15

4.15

4.05

3.95

3.85

3.7

3.7

3 95

3 Q

q QK

3.95

3.75

3.65

3.65

3.6

Q 7

3.6

3.44

3.44

Aug.

3.75

3.65

3.5

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.25

3.85

3.65

3.75

3.45

3.5

3.6

3.7

S HR

3.48

3.43

3.7

3.65

3.5

3.39

Q V7

3.37

3 44

3 on

3.37

3.38

Sept.

3.31

3.23

3.41

3.27

3.23

3.19

3.18

3.39

3.49

3.55

3.42

3.33

3.29

3.37

3.39

3.31

3.45

3.65

3.75

3.85

3.6

3.39

4 15

6.1

5.3

4.8

4.05

q QC

3 95

3.75

Oct.

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.40

3.38

3.38

3.47

3.42

3.36

3.28

3.29

3.28

3.41

3.6

3.6

3.42

3.42

3.5

3.42

3.18

3.5

3 AQ

3.38

3.49

3.45

3.45

3.36

3

qo

3.41

Nov.

3.34

3.34

3.38

3.12

3.45

3.37

3.5

4.5

4.35

4.05

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.65

3.7

3.55

3.28

3.6

3.6

3.48

3.30

0 qo

3.38

3.38

3.38

3.55

3.40

S

QO

3 44

Dec.

3.34

3.20

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.85

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.42

3.5

3.55

3.55

3.26

3.55

3.55

3.36

3.42

3.47

3

00

3.55

3.28

3.20

3.20

Q QI

q fi

q QQ

Q B

NOTE. Observer made no report relative to ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected 

by ice about Jan. 7-20 and about Feb. 6-13. Gage-height record Mar. 3-9 lost in fire at toll house.
KANAWHA EIVEE BASIN. 45 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New River at Radford, Fa., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4,930

4,930

4,230

2,630

1,340

4 400

4,400

3,400

3,240

3,080

3,080

3,080

2,930

3,080

6,020

7,950

Feb.

3,890

4,230

3,400

2,080

1,720

2,630

2,490

2,220

2,220

2,780

2,930

3

Qfln

16,400

9 560

6,400

7,170

7,560

19 Qftft

9 560

7,170

Mar.

6,020

4,760

4,600

4.200

4,200

6,000

5,300

4,900

7,200

7,950

7,170

6,400

10,800

10,400

17,800

97 °.on

14,200

10,400

7,950

6,780

6,400

5,650

5,290

6,020

9

ECfl

8,750

7,170

6,020

22,000

17,400

11.200

Apr.

8,750

9,150 to cnn

10,400

7 QKft

6,780

6,400

6,400

5,650

5,290

4,930

4 580

4^230

4,060

4,060

4,060

4,060

4,400

4,060

3,720

3

CAfi

4,760

4,760

4,580

4,230

3

KKf\

3

KCA

3 79ft

4 400 e'o2o

May.

5,650

5,290

4,580

4,060

3 ft on

4,060

4,230

4,230

S ftQft

3

Kfift

3,400

25,400

14,200

8,350

6,780

12,100

14,700

9,150

7 560

6^020

5,290

4,760

4,400

4,060

3 79ft

3,560

3 400

3,400

3,890

4,060

3.890

June.

3,560

2,930

3,240

3 ft on

3 94ft

2,930

2,930

2,930

2 doft

2,490

2

QKft

2,220

2,780

3,080

2,780

9 Qf^ft

2,080

1,950

9 Q^tft

3

ccn

4 QQft

4,060

A QOrt

9 Q°.ft

3 ' 080

July.

3,720

3,720

2 QQft

4 9^n

6,780

4,930

3,890

3,080

3,080

3,240

9. 79ft

3 790

3,400

3,080

2 7Rft

9 3*ift

2,350

3,080

2 930

S

nort

3,080

2 4on

2,220

2 99ft

2,080

2

q en

2 080

l'680

1,630

1.680

Aug.

2,490

2,220

1,820

3,890

3,890

4,580

5,290

5,650

4,060

2,780

2,220

2,490

1,700

1,700

1,820

2,080

2,350

1,950

1,770

1,630

1 650

2' 350

2,220

1,820

1 ECfi

1,510

1,510

1,680

1,360

1,510

1.540

Sept.

1,380

1,210

1,600

1 300

1^210

1,130

1,110

1,560

1,800 i Q>»n

1,630

1,430

1,340

1,510

1,560

1,380

1,700

2,220

2,490

2,780

2,080

1,560

3,720

11,200

7 Q'tfl

6,020

3,080

3,080

2,490

Oct.

2,080

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,580

1,540

1,540

1,750

1,630

1,490

1,320

1,340

1,320

1,600

2,080

2,080

1,630

1,630

1,820

1,630

1,110

1,820

1 ftftft

1,540

1,800

1,700

1,700

1,490

1,540

1,630

1,600

Nov.

1,450

1,450

1 540

QQD

1,700

1,510

1,820

4,930

4,400

3,400

2,350

2,220

2,080

1,950

2,220

2,350

1,950

1,320

2,080

2,080

1,770

1,360

1,400

1 f^4ft

1,540

1,540

1 QW\

1,580

1,400

1,680

Dec.

1,450

1,150

2,220

2,080

2,080

2,780

2,350

2,220

2,080

1,950

1,720

1,630

1,820

1,950

1,950

1,280

1,950

1,950

1,800

1,490

1,630

1,750

1,320

1,950

1,320

1,150

1,150

1,380

2,080

1,560

2,630

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 800 and 17,000 second-feet. 

Above 20,000 second-feet the curve is based on flood-discharge comparisons with records at Hinton, Kanawha Falls, and Charleston, W. Va. See " Accuracy."

Discharge Jan. 7-20 and Feb. 6-13 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, as follows: Jan. 7- 

20,1,500 second-feet; Feb. 6-13,1,800 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation 

of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Daily discharge Mar. 3-9 estimated from "Weather Bureau gage readings.

Monthly discharge of New River at Radford, Va.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,720 square miles.]

Month.

March..

May.....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,950

16,400

27,300 

13,800 

25,400 

4,930 

6,780 

5,650 

11,200 

2,080 

4,930 

2,780

27,300

Minimum.

4,200 

3,560 

3,400 

1,950 

1,630 

1,360 

1,110 

1,110 

998 

1,150

............

Mean.

2,830 

4,450 

9,030 

5,530 

6,310 

2,990 

3,060 

2,420 

2,560 

1,670 

1,990 

1,800

3,720

Per 

square 

mile.

1.04 

1.64 

3.32 

2.03 

2.32 

1.10 

1.12 

.890 

.941 

.614 

.732 

.662

1.37

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.20 

1.77 

3.83 

2.26 

2.68 

1.23 

1.25 

1.03 

1.05 

.70 

.82 

.76

18.63

Accu 

racy.

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
46 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

NEW RIVER AT FAYETTE, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge connecting Fayette and South Fayette, W. Va., 850

feet above the mouth of Wolf Creek. 

Records available. July 29, 1895, to May 22, 1901; August 11, 1902, to December

31, 1904; July 16, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 6,800 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The elevation

of the zero of the gage is 838.44 feet above sea level. 

Channel. Rock bed strewn with large bowlders which cause boils and eddies at high

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Floods. The flood of 1878 reached a height of about 53 feet by the present gage 

datum.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is little if at all affected by ice.

Accuracy. Errors have entered into many of the gage readings prior to 1908, particularly before the chain gage was installed, November 20, 1903, the original 

wire gage being frequently many tenths in error. Owing to this cause and to the 

difficulty in making accurate measurements, all estimates of discharge heretofore 

published are only fair. Estimates of discharge for 1912 are withheld from publication for the present.

Discharge measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,inl91%.

Date.

Mar. 26

Sept. 10

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.15

0 48

Dfecharge.

Sec.-ft. 

35,100

2,070

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,for 191%. 

[C. J. Henry, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2.. .............

3...............

5...............

6...............

T.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.6

8.6

8.0

6.6

5.3

4.1

2.6

2.1

2.1

2.1

2 1

2.2

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.2

1.8

1.7

3.5

9.7

6.5

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.6

10.4

10.4

Feb.

8.9

7.4

5.9

3.6

3.0

2.6

2.9

2.8

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.2

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.1

3.8

5.1

11.3

15.2

10.5

8.6

8.5

10.6

14.4

10.8

Mar.

8.6

7.8

8.0

9.0

8.2

4.7

5.0

5.8

8.1

10.6

9.5

9.2

17.3

15.6

15.2

24.7

19.2

14.0

11.6

9.8

8.8

8.4

9.6

9.8

13.0

13.2

11.0

9.2

14.0

23.2

16.1

Apr.

12.2

15.0

17.8

14.9

11.2

9.3

8.2

7.7

7.2

6.7

6.2

5.8

5.3

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.6

6.1

6.3

5.7

5.1

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.0

5.7

9.6

8.6

8.6

May.

8.4

7.8

6.7

6.0

5.4

5.2

5.8

6.4

6.2

5.7

5.2

10.2

19.1

14.2

10.4

12.3

17.8

14.6

10.2

8.7

7.5

6.6

5.8

5.2

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.7

June.

3.7

3.5

3.1

2.9

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.6

2 4

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.3

2.6

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.3

2.1

2.4

3.8

5.8

5.6

8.3

7.7

6.0

July.

7.0

5.2

5.2

4.8

4.7

6.3

6.5

5.2

5.0

4.4

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.5

2.9

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.2

2.8

3.8

3.7

5.6

4.6

4.2

3.4

2.0

Aug.

2.1

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.5

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1:3

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.1

.9

.8

.5

.7

.6

.4

.3

.3

.5

.8

1.0

1.5

1.9

1.8

2 2

3.8

8.0

7.0

5.5

4.9

3.0

2.7

Oct.

2.5

2.2

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.5

.4

.5

.5

.5

.6

.8

.8

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.8

Nov.

0.7

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

1.3

3.4

8.0

5.6

4.5

4 0

2.8

3.2

2.4

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

Dec.

0.8

1.0

1.0

1.7

2.0

2.7

3.2

3.6

3.1

*> Q

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.5

2.0

2 2

NOTE. Observer made no report relative to ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not 

materially affected by ice during 1912.
KANAWHA EIVEE BASIN. 47

NOETH FOEK OF NEW EIVEE NEAE CEUMPLEE, N. 0.

Location. Half a mile above the confluence of North and South forks of New River, 

about 2£ miles north of Grumpier, N. C.

Records available. August 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 279 square miles.

Gage. Staff gage attached to posts on right bank. The chain gage in use from 

August 13, 1908, was replaced by the present staff gage July 23, 1911. The staff 

gage is at the same location and reads to same datum as former chain gage.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat at a section one-eighth mile below 

the gage, or by wading. The boat cable section was formerly at a ford one-fourth 

mile above the gage, but was moved July 23, 1911, to a point one-eighth mile 

below gage.

Floods. The flood of April 20,1901, reached a height of about 16.4 feet referred to the 

datum of the present gage.

Winter flow. Flow little if at all affected by ice.

Accuracy. The gage-height record is considered very reliable. Sufficient data 

have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made. This gaging 

station was not visited by engineers of the Survey during 1912, but on December 

17,1913, the station was visited and the elevations^of bench marks and zero of gage 

were checked with a wye level and a discharge measurement was made.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C.,for 1912.

[J. J. Garvey, observer.]

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.55

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.05

1.84

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.6

2/3

2.35

2.4

2.25

2.5

2.95

3.4

2.8

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.05

2.7

3.7

3.2

Feb.

2.9

2.6

2.45

2.1

1.97

2.1

2.05

2.15

2.0

2.0

1.86

1.92

1.90

1.88

1.86

1.86

1.94

2.05

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.6

2.8

2.75

2.85

2.95

3.7

3.2

2.75

Mar.

2.5

2.35

2.4

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.55

9 Q

2.4

3.2

2.85

2.8

3.3

3.2

5.1

5.0

3.8

3.3

5.0

2.85

2.75

2.65

2.55

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.95

2.8

4.6

3.8

3

0

Apr.

3.0

4.3

4.1

3.4

3.1

2.85

2.75

2.70

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.20

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.15

2.35

2.55

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.45

2.6

2.55

2.95

May.

2.65

2.5

2.45

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.25

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.15

2.3

3.2

2.85

2.6

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.88

2.35

2.2

1.98

June.

1.92

2.5

2.5

2.0

1.97

1.90

2.05

1.90

1.78

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.66

1.77

2.0

2.2

1.80

1.78

1.82

1.75

1.67

1.62

1.74

2.0

2.85

2.0

1.85

1.88

1.91

2.05

July.

1.86

2.05

2.45

2.55

3.2

3.5

2.7

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.25

1.99

1.98

2.05

1.84

1.86

1.84

2.15

2.1

2.15

1.90

1.88

1.78

2.25

2.0

1.82

1.76

1.70

2.2

1.84

Aug.

2.1

1.78

1.70

2.1

1.94

1.76

1.71

1.68

1.76

2.05

1.82

1.74

1.70

1.69

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.66

1.69

3.3

2.65

2.3

2.1

1.89

1.82

1.78

1.77

1.68

1.62

1.63

1.87

Sept.

1.64

1.56

1.56

1.54

1.56

1.52

1.52

2.35

1.67

1.52

1.46

1.44

1.54

1.54

1.54

1.51

1.47

1.59

2.3

1.90

1.52

1.48

3.2

2.15

1.96

2.05

1.89

1.76

1.73

Oct.

1.66

1.62

1.59

1.60

1.56

1.55

1.52

1.50

1.48

1.47

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.66

1.87

1.58

1.52

1.48

1.58

1.74

1.57

1.56

1.61

1.65

1.54

1.51

1.48

1.48

1.48

1.46

1.44

Nov.

1.47

1.53

1.47

1.42

1.46

1.44

2.15

2.30

1.83

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.78

1.67

1.58

1.54

1.52

1.50

1 <u\

1 40

1.49

1 4Q

1.48

1.48

1.46

1.48

1.62

1.96

1.70

Dec.

1.66

1.58

1.72

1.61

1.78

1.82

1.75

1 fid

1.60

1.53

1.56

1.52

1.33

1.62

1.54

1.63

1.43

1.58

1.56

1.42

1.46

1.47

1.50

1.50

1 64

1.78

1.98

2.0

1.98

2.15

2.85

NOTE. Observer made complete reports relative to ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably 

affected by ice about Jan. 7-21 and about Feb. 6-20. Observer reported river frozen over Jan. 6-24, with 

ice from 3 to 12 inches thick. Ice began to break up and run 9Ut on Jan. 25 and was all gone Jan. 29. Ice 

was present from Feb. 3 until after the 17th and was about 4 inches thick. Effect of ice in February was 

probably relatively slight-
48 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PABT HI.

HEED CREEK AT GRAHAMS FORGE, VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Grahams Forge, Va.

Becords available. July 29, 1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 247 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Permanent; bottom solid rock.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling July 20, 1911, indicates that there

would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 0.6 foot ± 0.1 foot,

by the gage datum. Point of control is permanent. 

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is sometimes affected by ice for

short periods. 

Artificial control. There is a dam and gristmill just above the station. The

storage is small and the miller states that water flows over the dam at all times.

The flow is therefore little if at all modified by the operation of the mill. 

Accuracy. The gage-height record is considered accurate and reliable. Sufficient

data have been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

September 24, 1912: Gage height, 3.80 feet; discharge, 1,330 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va.,for 1912. 

[J. T. Black, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.71

2.67

2.61

2.60

2.32

2.50

2.50

2.5

2.44

2.62

2.44

2.40

2.44

2.52

2.32

2.42

2.20

2.34

2.48

3.05

2.92

9 74

2.64

2.62

2.52

2.50

2.60

2.65

2.70

3.2

Feb.

2.92

2.78

2.55

2.52

2.68

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.42

2.42

2.44

2.40

2.38

2.37

2.42

2.40

2.36

2.40

2.52

2.63

3.3

3.9

2 QC

3.25

3.4

3.9

3.35

3.1

Mar.

2.90

2.80

2.79

2.72

2.70

2.74

2.80

3.20

3.9

3.6

3.25

4.3

4.2

5.2

4.8

3.8

3.45

3.25

3.15

3.0

9 07

2.88

3.05

3.55

3.3

3.1

9 QQ

5.7

4.1

3.5

Apr.

3.3

4.1

4.5

3.65

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.05

2.92

2.86

2.82

2.84

2 74

2.72

2.68

2.78

2

7O

2.79

9 74

2 7ft

2.66

2.71

2 01

2

QQ

2 74

2.67

2.87

3.4

3.05

3.1

May.

2.94

2.81

2.74

2.68

2.60

2.67

2.78

2.83

2.80

2.70

2.72

2.91

3 45

3.05

2.94

4.2

3 0

3.3

3.05

2.90

2.79

2 79

2.66

2.62

2 ({ft

2.55

2.53

2.56

2

K1

2.52

2.48

June.

2.44

2.42

2.46

2.43

2.44

2.38

2.40

2.36

2.29

2.30

2.28

2.27

2.25

2.28

2.25

2.30

2.28

2.26

2.25

2.21

2.24

2

QQ

3 A

2.76

9 7ft

3

0

2 71

2 7Q

July.

2.72

2.89

2.69

2.59

2.92

2.96

2.72

2.66

2.56

2.50

2.56

2.61

2.60

2.46

2.40

2.34

2.30

2.28

2.44

2.30

2.26

2.30

2.26

2.32

2.44

2.31

2.24

2.28

2.64

2.58

Aug.

2.80

2.59

2.46

2.48

2.44

2.38

2.32

2.30

2.30

2.37

2.34

2.28

2.26

2.23

2.23

2.22

2 9ft

2.27

2.27

2.27

2.30

2 9fi

2.32

2.36

2.28

2 97

2.28

9 94

2 9ft

2.20

Sept.

2.18

2.15

2.15

2.13

2.16

2.16

2.14

2.22

2.19

2.12

2.14

2.13

2.14

2.14

2.14

2.12

2.14

2.36

2.86

2.37

2.26

3.15

3 7

2.90

2 64

2 CO

9 47

2

00

2 OK

Oct.

2.31

2.27

2.28

2.26

2.21

2.22

2.21

2.20

2.19

2.17

2.18

9 17

2.26

2.32

2.28

2 9ft

9 17

2 9ft

2.24

2.22

2.20

2

10

2.16

2 20

2.16

9 14

2 1fi

9 15

2.16

Nov.

2.16

2.15

2.14

2.14

2.08

2.15

2.27

2.69

2.45

2.34

2.29

2.28

2.24

2.22

2.22

2.20

2 17

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.16

2.16

2 14

2 17

2.15

2 19

2.08

2 15

2 nn

2 14

Dec.

2.12

2.14

2.17

2.20

2.36

2.40

2.38

2.37

2.31

2.26

2.24

2.22

2.14

2.22

2.16

2.18

2 1 Q

2.20

2 1Q

2.14

2.08

2

AQ

2.14

2 1fi

2 19

2 91

2 IS

2.20

2.36

3.25

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1-20 and about Feb. 

4-16.
KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 49

BIG REED ISLAND CREEK NEAR ALLISONIA, VA.

Location. Twelve hundred feet above a suspension footbridge at J. P. Thomas's

farm, 1J miles from Allisonia, Va., and half a mile above mouth of Little Reed

Island Creek.

Records available. July 31, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 291 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff gage fastened to a tree on right bank; datum unchanged since

established. 

Channel. The channel is liable to change caused by deposits of silt from ore washing;

the point of control below the gage is permanent and is unaffected by the silt. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of suspension footbridge

1,200 feet below gage, or by wading under bridge. 

Point of zero flow. A determination of leveling July 19, 1911, indicates that there

would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 0.7 foot ±0.2

foot. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is sometimes affected by ice

in winter. 

Accuracy. This station was not visited by engineers of the Survey during 1912.

Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be

made.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va.,for 1912. 

[K. M. Thomas, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.90

.66

.62

.58

.55

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.25

1.4

1.1

1.05

1.0

.96

.88

.80

.79

.78

.68

1.3

.92

Feb.

0.74

.77

.66

.70

.82

.99

.99

.94

.86

.74

.64

.56

.51

.51

.52

.58

.53

.58

.63

.60

.71

2.2

.98

.90

1.25

1.2

1.7

1.1

.94

Mar.

0.82

.71

.80

.76

.82

.80

.80

.94

1.2

1.05

.94

1.05

1.6

1.2

2.4

2.1

1.4

1.15

1.0

.96

.91

.86

.86

1.25

1.3

J.I

.98

.90

2.7

1.7

1.25

Apr.

1.25

I an

1.35

1.15

1.05

.99

1.00

1.15

1.05

00

.90

.88

.84

.86

.86

84

.88

.92

.84

70

.80

.88

1.00

.82

7ft

.77

.91

.94

.88

1.25

May.

0.95

.88

.82

.81

78

.80

.80

.82

.74

.68

.79

4.8

2.6

1.40

1 40

9 Af\

2.0

1.45

1.25

1.15

1.10

1.00

1.00

.96

.93

09

.96

.88

.88

.94

.87

June.

0.81

.80

.85

.83

.81

.79

.77

.74

.71

.71

.70

fiQ

.68

.60

.88

78

.71

.68

1.05

.68

.65

.63

.77

.92

.74

.70

.68

.67

.70

79

July.

1.05

.86

.70

1.0

.77

1.05

.75

.80

.75

.89

.76

.79

.73

.82

.73

.62

.70

.76

1.10

.68

.62

.72

.60

.55

.65

.62

.52

.50

.49

.48

.52

Aug.

0.66

.59

.50

.73

.72

.54

.50

.49

.55

.56

.60

.48

.60

.52

.47

.65

.50

.48

.45

.50

.48

.47

.53

.41

.38

.40

.48

.40

.40

.49

.44

Sept.

0.42

.35

.30

.35

.35

.37

.33

.40

.45

.37

.35

.32

.34

.43

.45

.62

.35

.53

.53

.65

.55

.38

1.80

1.90

1.25

.72

.66

.62

.54

.52

Oct.

0.50

.47

.48

.48

.47

.46

.47

.45

.43

.42

.43

.43

.44

.54

.75

.50

.54

.47

.50

.70

.50

.48

.45

.50

.49

.47

.45

.45

.45

.46

.47

Nov.

0.47

.75

.51

.46

.48

.46

1.98

1.53

.85

.70

.64

.63

.66

.76

.67

.58

.44

.49

.57

.55

.50

.51

.51

.52

.50

.49

.50

.50

.54

.50

Dec.

0.57

.58

.60

.54

.89

.92

.88

.70

.62

.58

.57

.55

.50

.49

.51

.60

.45

.50

.60

.59

.54

.49

.50

.58

.67

.72

.80

.90

.89

.72

1.10

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 3-20 and about Feb. 

2-16. Observer reported "backwater" Jan. 18; "creek frozen solid across at some places" Jan. 20, ice 6 to 

10 inches thick; and "backwater" Feb. 5 and 6, ice about 5 inches thick,

29809° WSP 323 14 1
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

LITTLE RIVER NEAR COPPER VALLEY, VA.

Location. At highway bridge about 5 miles south of Childress and half a mile north 

of Copper Valley, Va., and 600 feet above the mouth of Indian Creek.

Records available. July 25,1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 195 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Regular and" practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. The high water of about 1900 reached a stage of approximately 12.9 feet 

referred to present gage datum.

Point of zero flow. Determinations by leveling, July 18, 1911, and September 21, 1912, indicate that there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage 

were to fall to 1.8 feet ±0.2 foot. Control probably permanent.

Winter flow. The discharge is affected by ice for short periods.

Accuracy. Records of gage height are considered reliable. Sufficient data have 

not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

September 21, 1912: Gage height, 3.30 feet; discharge, 152 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little River near Copper ValUy, Va.,for 1912. 

[T. A. De Hart, observer.]

Day.

]...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

]3.. ............. 

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 22............;..

23............... 

24...............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.68

3.52

3.51

3.49

3.22

3.25 

"3.7

"3.55

3.65

.......

411;

.......

3.51 

3.62

4.3

3.90

Feb.

3.52

3.71

3.58

" "s.'eo"

"i'.so

"3." 42"

3.62

3.61

3.53

3.76

5.1 

3.93 

3.76

4 45

4.3

5.1

4.1 

3.91

.......

Mar.

3.67

3.48

3.50

3.53

3.69

3.50 

3.62

3.82

4.65

4 IS

3.96

4.3

4.8 

4.4

5.8

5.3 

3.83

4.05

3.94

3.87

3.88

3.81 

3.78

4.25

4

0C

4.1

3 90

3.82 

6.3

4.6

4.2

Apr.

4.05

4.25

4.2

3.93

3.83

3.82 

3.87

4.0

3.80

3.69

3.64

3.66

3.68 

3.68

3.68

3.66 

3.70

3.76

3.58

3.53

3.54

3.59 

3.72 

3.52

3.52

3.50

3.70

3.83 

3.73

3.86

May.

3.70

3.63

3.62

3.52

3.49

3.54 

3.54

3.50

3.44

3.40

3.56

7.3

5.0

4.25

4.2

5.4 

4.95

4.3

3.99

3.86

3.86

3.79 

3.76 

3.72

3.69

3.69

3.64

3.64

3.68

3.74

3.60

June.

3.54

3.58

3.67

3.54

3.57

3.58 

3.69

3.53

3.51

3.48

3.47

3.45

3.46 

3.51

3.65

3.59 

3.51

3.53

3.65

3.58

3.55

3.66 

3.65 

4.15

3.61

3.72

3.63

3.49 

3.46

3.46

July.

4.15

3.73

3.55

3.55

3.89

4.2 

3.65

3.59

3.52

3.72

3.58

3.72

3.61 

3.77

3.52

3.47 

3.37

3.39

4.2

3.59

3.43

3.39 

3.37 

3.35

3.43

3.45

3.47

3.31 

3.27

3.28

3.31

Aug.

3.58

3.41

3.36

3.61

3.57

3.42 

3.37

3.36

3.42

3.47

3.41

3.36

3.39 

3.35

3.35

3.33 

3.32

3.25

3.31

3.35

3.35

3.35 

3.27 

3.35

3.19

3.25

3.27

3.25 

3.21

3.22

3.21

Sept.

3.19

3.17

3.16

3.13

3.15

3.19 

3.29

3.47

3.33

3.25

3.16

3.09

3.15 

3.13

3.26

3.16 

3.16

3.29

3.73

3.53

3.22

3.19 

3.69

4.65

3.89

3.54

3.78

3.51 

3.40

3.32

Oct.

3.28

3.26

3.25

3.25

3.25 

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.18

3.20 

3.35

3.38 

3.25

3.22

3.28

3.38

3.32

3. 26 

3.40 

3.36

3.28

3.24

3.21 

3.22

3.22

3.20

Nov.

3.26

3.38

3.32

3.26

3.22

3.38

4.75

4.2

3.64

3.44

3.42

3.36

3.38 

3.48

3.42

3.32 

3.31

3.30

3.29

3.28

3.29

3.30 

3.29 

3.22

3.24

3 9ft

3.28

3.29 

3.36

3.40

Dec.

3.38

3.34

3.34

3.36

3.62

3.68

3.58

3.42

3.34

3.31

3.30

3.30

3.31 

3.35

3.52

3.38 

3.38'

3.35

3.36

3.36

3.36

3.32 

3.32 

3.42

3.54

3.50

3.62

3.65

4.02

" Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 6-29 and about Feb. 4- 

16. Observer reported river entirely frozen over at gage Jan. 13 and Jan. 20, with ice 5 to 6 inches thick, 

and Feb. 7 and 14, wlch ice about 5 'inches thick. The ice was reported "broken up" at the control at all 

times. River reported open Feb. 17.
KANAWHA EIVBE BASIN. 51

WALKEK CHEEK AT STAFFOKDSVILLE, VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Staffordsville, Va., 500 feet below the mouth oi

Whitley Creek.

Records available. July 24, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 277 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Rocky; practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

Artificial control. A dam and power plant 300 feet above the station may affect

the flow at low water. 

Accuracy. Gage-height record is considered reliable. Sufficient data have not been

collected to permit estimates of discharge to be made.

Discharge measurements of Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va., in 1912.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

C.T. Bailey..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.41

5.88

3.42

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

1 860

I,i60

151

Daily gage height, in feet, of Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va.,for 1912. 

[J. P. Durham, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2.... ...........

3... ........... -

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.... ...........

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4.05

3.98

4.0

3.94

3.60

3.37

3.62

3.52

3.59

3.54

3.48

3.50

3.40

3.27

3.38

3.27

3.30

3.36

3.61

4.55

4.4

4.2

4.05

3.97

3.91

3.86

4.3

4.3

4.25

5.6 

5.0

Feb.

4.5

4.35

3.88

3.94

3.64

2.78

3.63

3.73

3.65

3.44

3.48

3.44

3.44

3.42

3.46

3.44

3.47

3.53

3.60

3.73

4.8

5.2

4.75

4.85

4.95

6.1

5.1

4.7

Mar.

4.4

4.15

4.15

4.05

3.98

4.0

4.05

4.7

5.7

5.4

4.95

5.0

7.9

6.9

8.8

7.7

6.2

5.6

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.5

A OK

4.55

5.3

5.1

4.8

4.6

9.2

6.8 

5.8

Apr.

5.3

6.4

6.8

5.7

5.3

4.95

4.75

4.55

4.35

4.25

4.15

4.05

3.99

3.97

3.91

3.91

3.94

3.92

3.89

3.87

3.85

3.85

4.0

3.87

3.85

4 75

5.7

5.2

5.2

May.

4.9

4.65

4.4

4.25

4.1

4.05

4.05

4.05

3.90

3.79

3.79

5.2

5.55

4.75

4.65

7.1

6.5

5.4

4 O<!

4.6

4.4

4.25

4.05

3 93

3.87

3.89

3.75

Q ftQ

3.67

3.65 

3.57

June.

3.49

3.47

3.43

3.41

3.44

3.40

3.33

3.29

3.27

3.21

3.19

3.17

3.17

3.17

3.19

3.19

3.20

3.23

3.39

3.30

3.26

3.15

3.15

3.18

4.5

4.35

5.0

A 9

<? 0

4.8

July.

4.7

4.6

4.25

4.25

5.1

5.3

4.6

4.2

4.0

4.2

5.2

4.45

4.35

4.0

3.87

3.71

3.58

3.52

3.47

3.43

3.40

3.43

3.39

3.46

3.60

3

00

3.23

3.24 

3.37

Aug.

3.52

3.50

3.35

3.34

3.30

3.28

3.26

3.18

3.20

3.24

3." 26

3.22

3.18

3.18

3.21

3.17

3.15

3.10

3.51

3.30

3.38

3

QJ

3 44

3.32

3.26

3.30

3.32

3.23

3.20 

3.22

Sept.

3.16

3.12

3.18

3.15

3.04

3.02

2.94

3.44*

3.26

3.08

3.05

3.01

3.00

3.01

3.00

3.06

3.15

3.36

3.21

3.12

4.7

5.8

4.95

4 OK

4.7

4.0

3.76

3.62

Oct.

3.49

3.42

3.34

3.32

3.26

3.23

3.20

3.16

3.14

3.14

3.10

3.08

3.11

3.12

3.22

3.24

3.14

3.10

3.18

3.20

3.22

3.21

3.16

3.08

3.05

3.06

3.02

3.06 

3.05

Nov.

3.04

3.04

2.99

3.05

3.02

3.04

3.82

4.9

4.25

3.93

3.72

3.58

3.50

3.50

3.44

3.32

3.30

3.26

3.21

3.19

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.11

3.12

i 14

3.08

3.08

Dec.

3.14

3.16

3.16

3.22

3:35

3.50

3.66

3.61

3.54

3.46

3.42

3.36

3.08

3.20

3.20

3.27

3.24

3.24

3.22

3.20

3.14

3.14

3 04

3.11

3.02

3.00

3.29

3.08

3.20

3.66 

5.20

NOTE. No ice reported by observer, 

ice during 1912. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by
52 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HE.

WOLF CEEEK NEAR NAREOWS, VA.

Location. At highway bridge 3 miles above Narrows, Va., 1,500 feet below the New

Eiver, Holston & Western Railroad bridge, and 2£ miles above mouth of Mill

Creek.

Becords available. July 22, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 223 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Eocky, practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. A stage of approximately 15.5 feet, referred to gage datum, has been reached

at this station; date unknown. 

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling July 15,1911, indicates that there

would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 1.1 feet ±0.2 foot. 

Winter flow. Eelation of gage height to discharge not affected by ice except for

short periods during extremely cold weather. 

Accuracy. Becords of gage height are considered reliable. Sufficient data have

not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

September 19, 1912: Gage height, 2.76 feet; discharge, 88 second-feet.

Daily gage fieight, in feet, of Wolf Creel near Narrows, Va.,for 1912. 

[J. A. Hale, observer.]

Day.

1........ .......

2... ............

3...............

4..... ..........

5...............

6.......---.-.-.

T... ............

8......-.-.-....

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...... ....... ..

13...............

14....... ........

15...............

16....... ........

17..-........--..

18. ..............

19...............

on

21...... ........

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25......---.-....

26......-.-.-....

27......-.---.-.-

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.49

3.27

3.24

3.i:8

3.12

3.16

3.09

3.10

3.12

3.89

3.03

3.04

3.06

3.02

2.98

3.24

4.3

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.5

4.1

3.95

4.0

4.8

4.8

Feb.

4.35

4.05

3.7

3.6

3.42

3.40

3.30

3.35

3.22

3.18

3.14

3.04

3.11

3.08

3.10

3.08

3.18

3.22

3.35

4.8

6.4

4.8

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.8

4.5

Mar.

3.95

3.7

3.7

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.45

3.85

5.2

5.0

4.5

4 6

7.3

6.4

 7.5

7.4

5.8

4.6

4.35

4.15

4.1

3.95

4.2

4.8

4 7

4.45

4.25

7.8

6.4

5.0

Apr.

4.7

6.1

6.8

4.8

4 4

4.25

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.42

3.47

3.48

3.5

3.48

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.6

3.5

3.48

4 6

5.3

4.8

4.9

May.

4.6

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.75

3.65

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.42

3.38

3.7

3.65

3.55

3.55

5.5

5.6

4.7

4.25

4.0

3.75

3.6

3.48

3.39

3.42

3.32

3.20

3.16

3 17

3.12

3.06

June.

2.99

2.95

2.94

2.92

2.96

2.90

2.86

2.82

2.78

2.76

2.73

2.71

2.70

2.69

2.72

2.77

2.77

2.78

2.93

2.86

2.78

2.72

2.75

3.08

6.2

4.15

4.3

4.5

3.95

July.

4.4

4.05

3.7

3.8

5.0

4.7

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.55

3.55

3.31

3.20

3.20

3.09

3.00

2.96

3.02

2.98

2.93

2.92

3.10

3.06

3.30

3.55

3.24

3.10

o no

3.37

3.30

Aug.

3.24

3.16

3.06

3.06

3.00

2.93

2.86

2.83

2.84

2.82

2.84

2.80

2.82

2.88

2.84

2.77

2.72

2.74

2.33

3.16

3.7

3.55

3.48

3.38

3.24

3.18

3.46

3.26

3.08

3.08

Sept.

3.01

2.94

2.88

2.88

2.84

2.80

2.83

2.81

2.76

2.71

2.68

2.68

2.65

2.64

2.62

2.62

2.62

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.66

2.69

2.94

3.39

3.11

2.96

3.24

3.05

2.84

Oct.

2.82

2.73

2.69

2.68

2.66

2.64

2.64

2.61

2.60

2.60

2.74

2.58

2.58

2.67

2.84

2.76

2.70

2.66

2.69

2.79

2.86

2.72

2.76

2.79

2.80

2.78

2.70

9 fiQ

9 fiS

2.67

Nov.

2.68

2.68

2.68

2.66

2.61

2.62

2.98

3.75

3.45

3.24

3.12

3.01

3.00

3.00

2.96

2.89

2.86

2.82

2.78

2.76

2.72

2.72

2.70

2.74

2.70

2.69

2.69

2.72

2.70

9 fiS

Dec.

2.75

2.70

2.69

2.80

3.02

3.25

3.36

3.31

3.20

3.11

3.06

3.01

2.90

2.84

2.83

2.88

2.83

2

QA

2.84

9 7Q

2.78

2.76

2.72

2.74

2.66

9 7ft

2.90

2.86

9 Qft

0 AQ

A aty

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably net materially affected by ice during 1912. On 

Jan. 15 observer reported: " Five feet of ice below bridge on north side of creek; no ice on south side. 

There are springs above bridge."
KANAWHA EIVEE BASIN. 53

BLUESTONE EIVEE AT LILLY, W. VA.

Location. At Lilly, W. Va., 2,000 feet below the mouth of Little Bluestone Eiver.

Records available. August 22, 1908, to January 13, 1912, and July 21 to November 

7, 1912. See "Accuracy."

Drainage area. 454jquare miles.

Gage. Vertical staff fage in two sections; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat 150 feet above gage or by wading.

Point of zero flow. Levels taken August 24, 1910, indicate that there would be no 

flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 0.0 foot ±0.2 foot.

Winter flow. During portions of December, January, and February the flow may 

be affected by ice.

Accuracy. This station was temporarily discontinued because of its inaccessibility. 

The gage was read during a part of 1912 to complete the comparison with the gage 

at True at low stages. No discharge measurements were made at Lilly during 

1912. On November 13, 1913, the lower section of the gage was found to be in 

error. Gage heights of discharge measurements and daily gage heights for this 

station for 1910 and 1911 published in Water-Supply Papers 283 and 303 should 

be corrected as follows: August 24, 1910, to January 20, 1911, subtract 0.02 foot; 

January 21 to June 15, subtract 0.03 foot; June 16 to November 10, subtract 0.04 

foot; November 11 to December 31, subtract 0.05 foot. The proper corrections 

have been applied to the gage heights for 1912 here published.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[W. H. Lilly, observer.]

Day.

1. ....................................................

2.....................................................

3.. ...................................................

4.....................................................

5.....................................................

6.....................................................

7................... .. ... ......... ...............

8.....................................................

9.....................................................

10.....................................................

11.....................................................

12.....................................................

13.....................................................

14.....................................................

15.....................................................

16.....................................................

17.....................................................

18.....................................................

19.....................................................

20.....................................................

21.....................................................

22.....................................................

23.....................................................

24.....................................................

25.....................................................

26.....................................................

27.....................................................

28.....................................................

29.....................................................

30.....................................................

31.....................................................

Jan.

2.75

2.55

2.85

2.85

2.6

2.25

2.2

2 OK

3.1

2.95

2.35

2 A

2.5

July.

1.53

1.56

1.67

1.72

2.2

2.75

1.92

1.72

1.62

2.30

Aug.

2.05

1.91

1.64

1.52

1.44

1.40

1.33

1.32

1.30

1.23

1.26

1.28

1.34

1.28

1.32

1.27

1.23

1.20

1.30

1.39

2.1

2.45

2.15

2.1

1.89

1.76

1.92

2.05

1.81

1.64

1.69

Sept.

1.75

1.67

1.49

1.48

1.33

1.25

1.23

1.17

1.12

1.09

1.12

1.13

1.10

1.09

1.08

1.05

.97

1.08

1.22

1.64

1.48

1.21

1.23

2.55

2.1

1.83

1.58

1.93

1.81

1.58

Oct.

1.41

1.34

1.27

1.23

1.21

1.15

1.13

1.11

1.05

1.03

1.02

.99

1.04

1.09

1.17

1.23

1.25

1.32

1.38

1.42

1.43

1.48

1.52

1.52

1.49

1.45

1.38

1.33

1.38

1.32

1.25

Nov.

1.23

1.19

1.18

1.17

1.23

1.30

1.35

NOTE. Observer made no report concerning ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected 

by ice Jan. 3-13. See " Accuracy " in station description.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

BLUESTONE RIVER NEAR TRUE, W. VA.

Location. At Barker's ford, 1 mile above the mouth of the river and three-fourths

of a mile above True post office.

Becords available. October 17, 1911, to December 31, 1912. 

Gage. Staff gage in two sections, on right side of river. 

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat 20 feet below gage or by wading. 

Point of zero flow. A determination by wye levels on September 7, 1912, indicates

that there would be no flow past the gage if the stage of the river were to fall to

0.5 foot±0.1 foot. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for

short periods during December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. Gage-height record is considered reliable. Sufficient data have not been

obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be published.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading at a section about 500 

feet below the gage by C. T. Bailey: 

September 7, 1912: Gage height, 1.64 feet; discharge, 69 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofBluestone River near True, W. Va., for 191%. 

[Arthur Barker, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3................

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11.. .............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

a...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.05

2.8

2.65

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.4

2.8

2.75

3.1

3.3

4.0

5.8

4.4

Feb.

3.4

3.05

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.05

2.25

2.45

2.8

3.15

3.3

3.0

2.7

3.0

3.6

3.25

2.85

Mar.

2.65

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.3

3.0

4.7

4.3

4.0

7.0

6.7

5.8

4.8

5.4

4.0

3.8

3.4

2.9

2.25

2.55

2.65

5.2

5.0

3.9

3.5

3.7

5.8

6.0

4.0

Apr.

3.35

9.0

7.1

4 4

3.4

3.15

2.95

2.85

2.65

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.3

9 9t\

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.35

2.55

2.5

2.35

2.3

4.7

5.0

4.6

4.1

May.

3.55

3.1

2.85

2.65

2.5

2.65

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.65

2.85

4.9

3.8

3.5

2.95

3.35

3.7

3.2

2.7

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.0

1.96

1.98

2.0

June.

1.89

1.84

1.88

1.86

1.86

1.78

1.67

1.62

1.62

1.59

1.57

1.54

1.52

1.52

1.52

1.63

1.74

1.86

1.94

2.05

1.90

1.72

1.75

2.7

4.8

3.7

5.0

3.8

2.85

2.6

July.

3.15

3.8

3.2

2.7

3.8

3.7

3.35

2.6

2.35

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.3

2.95

2.25

1.94

i.92

1.97

2.1

1.92

1.90

1.82

1.92

1.96

3.00

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.97

1.92

Aug.

1.97

1.97

1.92

1.88

1.85

1.80

1.76

1.71

1.70

1.70

1.66

1.62

1.62

1.62

1.64

1.65

1 64

1.66

1.69

1.74

2.25

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.6

2.0

1.92

1.92

1.90

Sept.

1.73

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.67

1.66

1.64

1.60

1.58

1.56

1.56

1.53

1.52

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.46

1.42

1.39

1.62

1.50

1.49

1.65

1.70

Oct.

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.66

1.66

1.61

1.59

1.56

1.50

1.48

1.46

1.46

1.48

1.51

..1.54

1.60

1 60

1.50

1.60

1.65

1.66

1.62

1.60

.61

.66

.62

.60

.61

.57

.52

.50

Nov.

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.56

1.62

1.70

1.76

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.86

1.82

1.77

1.70

. 1.66

1.60

1.59

1.59

1.58

1.54

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Dec.

1.55

1.56

1.54

1.50

1.56

1.80

2.00

2.05

2.00

1.95

1.90

1.86

1.84

1.80

1.76

1.70

1.66

1.64

1.61

1.61

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.62

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 6-26 and about Feb. 6-20. The 

observer reported as follows: Jan. 7. ice present last 10 days; Jan. 9, lower portion of gage torn out by ice; 

Jan. 14, river frozen over at gage and at control; ice 5 inches thick; Jan. 25, lower portion of gage replaced; 

Feb. 7 and 15, river open in middle, control partly frozen, ice 3 and 7 inches thick on respective dates. No 

record Sept. 25-30; gage broken by windstorm.

GREENBRIER RIVER NEAR MARLINTON, W. VA\

Location. At Chesapeake & Ohio Railway bridge on the switch that runs to Campbell's lumber mill, 1J miles above Marlinton, W. Va., and immediately below the 

mouth of Stoney Creek.
KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 55

Records available. July 9,1908, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 408 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Coarse gravel; control section probably not permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling September 6, 1912, indicates that

there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 2.7 feet ±0.1

foot. 

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice during parts of

December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge

to be published.

Discharge measurements ofGreenbrier River at Marlinton, W. Fa., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 23

25 Sept. 6

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey..............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.44

6.84

3.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,790

4.090

o35.1

a Measurement made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGreenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Via,., for 1912. 

[P. G. Johnston, Jan. 1-Aug. 17, and A. N. Rudd, Sept. 6-Dec. 31, observers.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

5.35

4.9

4.5

4.16

4.12

4.25

4.32

4.37

4.42

4.40

4.38

4.34

4.30

4.30

4.28

4.26

4.26

4.24

4.24

4.42

4.75

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.6

3.12

Feb.

3.03

2.97

2.85

7.0

6.5

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.1

4.95

Mar.

4.85

4.75

4.65

4.55

4.5

4.44

4.37

4.30

4.26

4.21

4.16

4.23

4.55

5.0

8.7

8.6

7.0

6.1

4.8

5.45

6.0

5.4

4.9

5.8

6.3

5.9

5.5

5.1

7.2

6.9

6.2

Apr.

5.8

5.5

5.25

5.1

4.8

4.5

4.28

4.44

4.7

4.6

4.48

4.32

4.22

4.14

4.08

4.6

5.1

5.35

5.4

5.05

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.55

4.46

4.39

4.34

4.30

4.26

May.

4.21

4.16

4.12

4.07

4.02

3.96

3.91

3.88

3.86

3.83

4.55

6.5

8.7

6.7

5.6

7.5

7.0

6.0

5.5

5.3

5.0

5.6

5.15

4.7

4.35

4.07

3.88

3.74

3.66

3.60

3.56

June.

3.52

3.48

3.46

3.44

3.42

3.42

3.40

3.39

3.38

3.35

3.32

3.28

3.26

3.22

3.19

3.29

3.59

4.01

4.08

4.00

3.90

3.83

3.76

3.70

3.58

3.48

3.63

3.88

4.49

4.75

July.

4.40

4.33

4.28

4.24

4.18

4.13

4.05

3.96

3.89

3.83

3.79

3.74

3.68

3.62

3.56

3.52

3.46

3.40

3.33

3.27

3.24

3.22

3.18

7.2

7.6

6.4

5.7

5.1

4.8

4.5

Aug.

4*6

4.02

3.82

3.72

3.66

3.59

3.56

3.52

3.60

3.60

2.55

3.49

3.46

3.44

3.42

3.42

3.41

Sept.

3.31

3.31

3.31

3.30

3.30

3.29

3.25

3.24

3.25

3.25

3.26

3.26

3.32

3 10

3.38

3.40

3.36

3.82

4.9

4.7

4.08

4.00

3.85

3.78

3.82

Oct.

3.78

3.62

3.64

3.50

3.49

3.45

3.40

3.44

3.42

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.38

3.38

3.36

3.38

3.38

3.45

3.48

3.48

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.68

3.62

3.60

3.55

3.52

3.50

Nov.

3.48

3.45

3.45

3.42

3.40

3.40

5.45

H Q

5.1

4.6

4.36

4.15

4.00

3.95

3.90

3.82

3.70

3.70

3.63

3.62

3.61

3.60

3.56

3.53

3.50

3.50

3.58

3.50

3.50

Dec.

3.62

3.56

3.64

3.88

4.02

4.7

4.8

4.5

4.25

4.18

4.15

4.08

4.03

4.00

4.10

4.10

3.92

3.92

q oc

3.85

3.85

3.80

3.65

03.8

3.80

6.3

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 7 to Feb. 21 and during 

most of the period from Nov. 27 to Dec. 30. Observer made no report concerning ice prior to Jan. 28, but 

from then to Feb. 18 river was reported partly frozen, with ice from 5 to 10 inches thick and broken up at 

the control. On Feb. 21 rain and the ice break-up were reported. On Nov. 28, Dec. 1 and 2, observer 

reported river frozen over. On Dec. 4-6, general rain; Dec. 12, ice running; Dec. 13, river frozen over; 

Dec. 14, "ice gorges up sometimes;" Dec. 25, ice heavy, with snow on top of it; Dec. 30-31, general rain on 

heavy snow rain caused rise.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART in.

GREENBRIER RIVER AT ALDERSON, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Alderson, W. Va., half a mile above the mouth of

Muddy Creek. 

Becords available. August 1, 1895, to July 15, 1906; May 10, 1907, to December

31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,340 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Permanent or nearly so; wide and shallow. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. No record of floods previous to installation of the gage. Maximum gage

height since establishment of gage was 18.2 feet November 26, 1900. 

Winter flow. The records are affected little if any by ice.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

March 24, 1912: Gage height, 5.88 feet; discharge, 9,200 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGreenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[W. J. Hancock, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.1

4.9

4.2

3.75

3.4

2.95

2.70

2.80

2.96

2.98

2.92

2.79

2.76

2.65

2.58 

2.44

2.35

2.52

2.80

3.3

3.2

3.15

3.0

3.0

3.15

3.1

3.05 

2.95

3.2

4.5

4.40

Feb.

3.85

3.55

3.3

2.92

2.88

2.72

2.80

2.65

2.78

2.55

2.56

2.45

2.46

2.40

2.37 

2.35

2.36

2.40

2.57

2.82

3.7

8.1

5.8

4.4

3.8

3.7

8.4 

6.2

4.7

.......

Mar.

4.0

3.5

3.35

3.15

3.0

2.92

2.84

2.96

3.65

3.95

3.6

3.5

4.9

5.4

6.4 

11.9

6.7

5.0

4.4

4.2

4.6

4.7

4.4

5.4

6.9

5.7

4.7 

4.1

8.3

8.1

5.7

Apr.

4.7

5.4

6.0

5.0

4.3

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.96

2.88

2.79

2.74 

2.69

2.74

3.2

3.75

3.55

3.25

3.1

3.05

3.1

3.05

2.98

3.05 

3.35

3.3

3.45

May.

3.45

3.25

3.1

2.94

2.83

2.78

2.62

3.55

3.4

3.25

3.1

6.3

8.3

6.0

4.7 

6.1

8.5

5.5

4.3

3.8

3.4

3.15

2.95

2.82

2.71

2.61

2.54 

2.45

2.40

2.38

2.29

June.

2.21

2.19

2.15

2.12

2.08

2.06

2.02

1.96

1.89

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.83

1.80

1.84 

1.81

1.81

1.85

2.02

2.12

2.11

2.05

2.20

2.10

2.26

2.25

2.25 

3.15

3.10

2.98

July.

2.80

2.56

2.38

2.29

2.64

3.0

2.63

2.54

2.37

2.26

2.29

2.49

2.39

2.24

2.36

2. 38

2.18

2.15

2.18

2.10

2,38

2.25

2.19

2.99

2.26

5.0

3.4

2.85

2.54

2.36

2.24

Aug.

2.20

2.10

2.04

2.12

2.08

1.98

1.96

1.91

1.87

1.84

1.80

1.83

1.82

1.85

1.80 

1.74

1.70

1.72

1.77

1.75

1.70

1.75

1.74

1.70

1.69

1.71

1.70 

1.64

1.61

1.63

1.69

Sept.

1.79

1.78

1.73

1.71

1.65

1.64

1.64

1.67

1.62

1.60

1.62

1.58

1.52

1.51

1.52 

1.51

1.49

1.53

1.92

1.75

1.62

1.58

1.78

3.55

3.25

2.84

2.56 

2.30

2.18

2.11

Oct.

2.04

1.98

1.90

1.89

1.83

1.79

1.80

1.78

1.76

1.75

1.74

1.72

1.71

1.73

1.82 

1.80

1.78

1.74

1.79

1.88

2.14

2.02

2.02

2.09

2 20

2.15

2.11 

2.02

1.98

1.96

1.90

Nov.

1.86

1.85

1.82

1.81

1.80

1.80

2.00

4.6

3.95

3.2

2.86

2.64

2.48

2.38

2.30 

2.24

2.19

2.12

2.09

2.05

2.02

1.99

1.95

1.94

1.92

1.93

1.90 

1.90

1.88

1.81

Dec.

1.79

1.85

1.90

2.05

2.20

2.70

3.4

3.2

2.90

2.68

2.52

2.42

2.31

2.12

2.02 

2.16

2.26

2.21

2.18

2.16

2.00

1.88

1.78

1.85

1.95

1.91

1.95 

2.16

2.04

2.88

7.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 8 to 18. There may also have 

been some slight effect for a short period in February.
KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 57 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGreenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.,for 1912.

Day.

1...........

2...........

3...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Jan.

10,000

6,520

4,620

2,620

1,620

1,160

1,330

2,380

2,140

2,040

1,720

1,720

2,040

1,920

1.820

1,620

2,140

5.420

5,150

Feb.

3,720

2,980

2.380

1,560

1,480

1,190

1.330

1,080

1,300

928

942

788

801

720

683

659

671

720

956

1,370

3,350

16,800

9,100

5.150

3,600

3,350

17,800

10,300

5,960

Mar.

4,100

2,860

2,500

2,040

1,720

1,560

1,400

1,640

3,220

3,980'

3,100

2.860

6', 520

7,940

10,900

31,100

11,900

6,800

5,150

4,620

5,690

5,960

5,150

7,940

12,600

8,810

5,960

4,360

17,500

16,800

8,810

Apr.

5.960

7)940

9,700

6,800

4,880

3,600

3,100

2,860

2.380

2,140

1,920

1,640

1,480

1,810

1,230

1 i/m

1,230

2,140

3,480

2,980

2,260

1,920

1,820

1,920

1,820

1,680

1,820

2,500

2,380

2,740

May.

2,740

2,260

1,920

1,600

1,390

1,300

1,030

2,980

2,620

2 o«fl

1,920

10,600

17,500

9,700

5,960

10,000

18,200

8,230

4,880

3,600

2,620

2,040

1,620

1,370

1,020

913

788

720

696

587

June.

501

481

443

415

380

364

331

287

240

246

188

188

205

188

211

1Q4

194

217

331

415

405

356

490

OQA

555

544

544

2,040

1,920

1,680

July.

1,330

942

696

587

1,060

1,720

1,050

913

683

555

587

842

708

533

671

696

471

443

471

396

696

544

481

1,700

555

6 800

2' 620

1,420

913

671

533

Aug.

490

396

347

415

380

301

287

253

229

211

188

205

200

217

188

159

140

150

174

164

i<in

164

159

liin

136

145

140

117

105

113

136

Sept.

183

178

154

145

120

117

117

128

109

101

109

95

76

73

76

73

68

79

260

164

109

95

178

2,980

2,260

1,400

942

598

471

405

Oct.

347

301

246

240

205

183

178

169

164

159

150

145

154

200

188

178

159

183

234

434

331

331

388

490

443

405

331

301

287

246

Nov.

223

217

200

194

188

188

315

5,690

3,980

2,140

1,440

1,060

828

696

598

533

481

415

388

356

331

308

280

274

260

267

246

246

234

194

Dec.

183

217

246

356

490

1,160

2,620

2,140

1,520

1,130

884

747

610

415

331

452

555

501

471

452

315

234

178

217

280

253

280

452

347

1,480

12,900

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 46 and 8,230 second-feet (gage 

heights 1.4 and 5.5 feet), fairly well defined between 8,520 and 16,400 second-feet (gage heights 5.6 and 8.0 

feet) and poorly defined above 16,400 second-feet (gage height 8.0 feet).

Mean discharge Jan. 8 to 18 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatologlc records, at 700 second-feet. This estimate of discharge when the relation of gage height to discharge 

is believed to have been affected by ice is based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with 

caution. No correction applied for possible effect of ice in February.

Monthly discharge of'Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,340 square miles.]

Month.

March..

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

December. ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,000

17,800 

31,100 

9,700 

18,200 

2,040 

6,800 

490 

2,980 

490 

5,690 

12,900

31,100

Minimum.

659 

1,400 

1,140 

587 

188 

396 

105 

68 

145 

188 

178

............

Mean.

2,230 

3,510 

6,950 

2,960 

4,010 

498 

1,040 

213 

395 

257 

759 

1,050

1,990

Per

square 

mile.

1.66 

2.62 

5.19 

2.21 

2.99 

.372 

.776 

.159 

.295 

.192 

.566 

.784

1.49

Run-off 

(depth, in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.91 

2.83 

5.98 

2.47 

3.45 

.42 

.89 

.18 

.33 

.22 

.63 

.90

20.21

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
58 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI.

GAULEY EIVER AT ALLINGDALE, W. VA.

Location. At Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge one-fourth mile south of depot 

at Allingdale, W. Va., and immediately below the mouth of Rock Creek.

Records available. July 3,1908, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 248 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Rough and irregular, but probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or from wooden 

bridge near depot. The bottom of the stream is rough and irregular, but with 

extreme care accurate measurements can be made. The measuring section at the 

railroad bridge is a poor one, and measurements are made at the wooden bridge 

near the railroad depot whenever possible.

Point of zero flow. Levels taken August 15, 1910, indicate that there would be no 

flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 3.33 feet ±0.2 foot.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods 

during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge 

to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by 0. T. Bailey: 

March 21, 1912: Gage height, 7.65 feet; discharge, 2,060 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, o/Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va.,for 1912.

[Harry Jones, observer.]

Day.

l.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.2

6.65

6.6

6.15

5.6

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.1

5.3

6.45

6.0

6.05

6.15

6.25

6.15

6.05

5.7

5.25

6.9

10.2

7.7

Feb.

7.6

7.2

7.0

7.0

6.7

6.65

6.4

5.6

5.35

5.1

5.05

5.0

4.98

4.75

d 07

5.0

5.05

5.15

5.2

7.6

6.8

6.6

5.95

6.35

11.8

7 9

6.7

Mar.

fi 9<;

5.95

5 Oft

5.6

5.45

t; ^t;

5.25

5.25

5.6

K Q

^ 7

5.8

6.05

6.7

6.6

10.6

 7.8

7.0

6.9

7.3

7.8

8.0

6 9

7.1

8.8

7.4

6.7

6.25

Q 0

8 A

7.4

Apr.

6.7

6.6

7.6

7.0

6.6

fi 9^

6.05

6.65

6.3

6.0

5.8

5.65

5.55

5.45

5.3

5.25

5.95

6.2

6.3

5.95

5.7

5.55

6.0

f; 01

5.75

5.6

5.5

5 7

5

K

K Q

May.

5.9

5.85

5.80

5.6

5.5

5.45

5.6

6.05

6.35

6.0

5.75

11.1

Q fi

8.1

6.75

7.7

8.8

7.6

6.85

6.35

6.0

5.75

e KK

5.35

5.2

5.15

5.05

4. 96

A Q5

4.83

June.

4.71

4.65

4.54

4.78

4.77

4.57

4.57

4.54

4.42

4.37

4.36

4.20

4.20

4.22

4.18

4.12

4.22

5.15

6.05

6.1

5.45

5.1

4.98

5.15

5.1

6.1

6.5

5.8

5.45

July.

S. 25

5.15

5.15

5.45

6.4

6.05

5.6

*; 9H

5.1

5.4

6.55

6.05

5.45

5.3

5.8

7.1

6.05

5.8

8.7

6.7

6.0

7.5

6.65

6.0

9.7

8.0

6.7

6.05

5.7 *; Q

5.75

Aug.

7.2

6.2

5.75

5.5

5.3

5.15

5.0

A. Q

4.85

4.78

4.87

5.25

5.5

5.05

4.88

4.78

4.70

4.62

4.80

5.7

5.5

5.3 *; 3

5.3

4.96

4.86

5.1

5.0

C QK

5.8

5.35

Sept.

5.15

5.0

4.98

4.96

5.1

4.90

4.94

4.82

4.98

4.66

4.68

4.54

A Kf\

4.47

4.46

4.42

4.44

4.68

4.70

4.76

4.52

4. 54

6.85

6.3

5.65

5.55

5.5

5.3

5

0

Oct.

5.15

5.05

SIO

4.90

4.84

4.78

4.75

4.70

4.68

4.64

4.60

4.60

4 fin

4.60

4.60

4.62

4.62

4.62

5.35

5.15

4.95

5.05

6.1

5.7

5

AK

t{ 4.Z

K 0

C 0

5.1

5.1

Nov.

5.0

5.15

5.15

5.05

5.0

4.98

5.05

9.0

7.0

6.2

5.9

5.65

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

4.98

4.98

i Oft

4 7<;

5.0

4

«Q

Dec.

4.80

4.89

5.2

5.5

5.9

6.4

6.5

6.25

5.9

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.05

5.15

5.4

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.15

5.1

5.9

4.7

5.0

4.85

4.86

5.0

5.2

o5.3

5.4

8.5

a Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 6-19, and possibly at times 

during February. The observer reported on Apr. 1 that the river did not freeze over at the bridge, probably 

because oi being high and swift at the gage, during the cold periods, but that on the pools both above and 

below the gage at a distance of about 200 yards the ice ranged from about 10 inches thick at the banks to 

about 5 inches thick at the center; that on Feb. 27 the ice began to break up and quite a large quantity 

came down from above, after which date there was no ice.
KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 59

GATJLEY RIVER NEAR SUMMERS VILLE, W-. VA.

Location. At highway bridge known as Brocks Bridge, 2J miles southeast of 

Summersville, W. Va., and one-eighth mile below mouth of Muddlety Creek.

Records available. July 6,1908, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 686 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for short 

periods during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Gage-height records are considered reliable

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

March 29,1912: Gage height, 11.96 feet; discharge, 9,460 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River near Summersville, W. Va., for 1912. 

[Mrs. Sula Gawthrop, observer.]

Day.

I...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.4

7.9

7.4

7.2

6.6

6.8

6.7

6.8

7.0

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.0

6.6

6.8

6.8

6.6

8.4

9.3

7.9

7.3

6.8

6.4

6.1

5.7

6.4

6.2

6.6

10.0

9.4

Feb.

7.7

7.2

6.0

6.5

7.1

6.8

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.0

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.55

5.45

5.55

6.0

7.2

10.1

8.5

7.8

6.9

9.2

13.0

10.5

8.4

Mar.

7.4

6.4

7.6

6.2

7.2

8.0

5.4

5.6

7.4

6.7

7.6

9.7

8.6

9.0

11.8

13.2

10.2

8.8

8.6

9.8

9.8

10.0

8.6

10.6

11.3

9.2

8.2

6.8

10.2

11.1

9.7

Apr.

8.4

8.9

10.1

9.1

8.3

7.6

7.2

8.1

7.4

7.1

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.6

5.5

6.5

7.6

7.2

7.4

6.6

. 6.2

6.3

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.2

6.0

6.7

6.5

7.0

May.

7.4

6.9

6.6

6.1

6.5

6.1

7.5

7.9

8.0

7.2

6.7

13.6

11.8

9.5

8.8

11.5

11.2

9.7

8.5

7.8

7.1

6.4

6.1

5.6

5.55

5.0

4.9

4.85

4.75

4.7

4.38

June.

4.02

4.0

3.06

3.44

3.72

3.18

4.15

3.60

3.88

2.31

3.74

3.02

2.94

2.95

2.62

2.87

3.44

4.30

6.6

6.8

5.6

5.4

5.0

4.12

6.4

5.4

6.0

7.3

8.3

4.65

July.

4.13

3.68

4.6 4.00

7.0

6.3

5.0

4.95

4.06

6.2

4.75

6.8

5.2

5.1

5.65

7.4

6.2

7.8

9.4

7.6

6.7

7.6

6.5

6.0

12.8

10.6

7 Q

5.3

5.65

5.8

6.2

Aug.

7.4

5.65

5.5

5.6

4.95

5.45

4.4

5.95

4.9

4.23

5.35

5.7

6.3

5.75

5.7

5.15

5.55

4.55

4.95

6.7

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.2

4.8

5.45

5.75

4.8

7.9

8.5

6.6

Sept.

6.3

5.2

4.8

6.2

5.9

4.6

6.4

4.6

4.33

5.2

4.6

3.30

3.60

4.13

3.26

3.93

4.5

3.60

4.8

4.9

4.20

4.10

4.8

7.9

7.1

5.9

6.1

6.0

5.95

5.3

Oct.

5.4

5.7

5.7

5.6

4.46

4.36

4.33

4.5

4.08

3.83

4.40

4.30

3.68

4.02

4.08

3.81

3.53

3.99

4.03

5.75

4.75

4.5

5.0

7.2

6.7

6.1

5.85

5.25

5.3

4.75

5-0

Nov.

4.95

4.42

5.05

5.2

4.55

3.87

7.3

11.4

9.2

7.8

7.3

6.3

5.5

5.75

5.5

5.4

4.95

5.2

5.05

4.85

5.05

5.05

4.47

4.95

4.85

4.55

4.36

4.5

4.25

4.47

Dec.

4..6

4.65

5.9

6.2

7.2

7.8

8.5

7.4

6.8

6.4

6.2

5.65

5.2

4.8

4.37

4.02

4.7

5.2

5.05.

4.8

5.0

5.05

5.0

5.2

5.1

5.3

5.5

5.7

5.6

6.9

11.0

NOTE. No report by observer relative 1 o ice is available. Relation of gage height to discharge probably 

affected by ice during parts of January and February.

GATJLEY RIVER NEAR BELVA, W. VA.

Location. Three-fourths mile below Chesapeake & Ohio Railway bridge at Belva, 

W. Va., one-fourth mile below the mouth" of Tweritymile Creek, and about 5$ 

miles above the mouth of river at Gauley Bridge.

Records available. August 25, 1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,420 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff gage fastened to tree on right bank; datum unchanged since 

established. The sea-level elevation of the zero of the gage is 663.53 feet.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Channel. Coarse gravel; practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat 1,000 feet above gage or by wading.

Floods. No records of floods previous to installation of gage are available. Maximum gage height since installation of gage was approximately 19 feet January 

30, 1911.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice at intervals during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Records of gage height are accurate and reliable. Sufficient data have 

not been obtained to warrant the publication of estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements ofGauley River near Belva, W. Va., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 2

Sept. 11

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. .............................................................

.... .do. ...................................................................

AT,

Feet. 

6.16

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a6,460

5342

a At Kanawha & Michigan Railroad bridge 5 miles below gage; increase in drainage area about 1 per cent. 

6 Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River near Belva, W. Va., for 1912. 

[C. L. Davis, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.3

5.6

5.0

4.6

4.1

3.6

3.7

4.3

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

4.1

4 9

A Q

6.8

5.5

4.8

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

7.0

7.0

Feb.

5.8

5-2

4.6

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.4

3.1

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.7

9 7

2.9 i i

4.4

7.8

6.8

6.0

5.2

6.4

12.2

8.4

6.6

Mar.

f; 4.

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

4.0

5.0

5.1

5.2

7.5

7.7 in °*

1°. e

9.1

7.1

6.2

6.3

7.2

6.4

6.8

9 0

7.4

6.3

5.4

7.4

8.8

7 a

Apr.

6.4

6.6

8.3

7 9

6.2

% A.

A Q

5 9

5.1

4.8

A i.

4.1

3

0

°. 7

3

K

3.6

A 1

4.6

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.1

4.5

4

0

4.0

4.2

4.8

4

0

5.1

May.

5.6

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.0

^ Q

4.5

5.6

5.5

5.0

4.5 Q n

9.4

7.4

6.6

9 0

10.2

7 fi

6.5

5.5

4.8

4.3

3.8

3.5

1 9

1 1

3.0

2.8

2 7

2.6 9 f;

June.

2 A

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.1

1 98

1.91

1.86

1.81

1.72

1.62

1.60

1 **&.

1 A&.

1 A%

1.55

2.3

3 A

3.4

i.9

2. 55

2.6

2.9

i n

3.5

5.6

5.0

3.9

July.

3.5

3.1

2.8

3.3

4.0

4.2

3.8

3.25

2.95

3.0

3.4

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.85

4.0

3.8

7.4

7.3 f; n

4.2

3.5

4.3

3.7 R a

7.6

5.9

5.2

4 9

4.4

4.6

Aug.

4.6

4.3

3.7

3.3

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.4

3.4

3.15

2 7

2.45

2.3

9 9

2.45

1 95

4.0

4.6

4.0

3.4

3.0

2.9

3.5

3.25

3.9

6.5

4

0

Sept.

4.0

3.4

3.1

2.85

3.0

2.8

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.05

1 98

1.88

1.85

1.78

1.74

1 75

1.88

1.95

1.9

1 9

2.75

3.7

4.1

3.8

3.5

3.6

3.3

3.1

Oct.

2.95

2.8

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.3-

2.2

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.91

1.85

1.82

1.78

1.71

1.75

1.78

1.78

1 79

3.0

2.7

2.55

3.5

4.4

3.7

3.4

3.15

9 Qf;

2.75

2.6

Nov.

2.55

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

3.5

9.1

6.8

5.3

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

Dec.

2.2

2.35

2.5

3.4

4.4

5.4

5.6

5.2

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.2

2.75

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.9

2.9

9 Q

2.7

2.55

2.4

2.6

2.5

3.15

2.65

3.0

3.4

4.5

9.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 7-19 and Feb. 7-18. Observer 

reported as follows: Jan. 16, river entirely frozen over; ice about 4 inches thick, control partly frozen; Jan. 20, 

no ice; Feb. 4, river open in middle, ice along shore 2 inches thick, control open; Feb. 11, ice along shore 

4 inches thick, ice broken up at control; Feb. 21, no ice.
KANAWHA KIVEB BASIN, 61

CHERRY RIVER AT BICHWOOD, W. VA.

Location.. At theMghway bridge at Richwood, W. Va., half a mile below junction 

of North and South forks.

Records available. July 3,1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Coarse gravel; practically permanent, but at different times stones and 

bowlders have been taken from the river bed in the vicinity of the point of control 

and the relation of gage height to discharge has thereby been affected. The 

first stones were removed during August, 1909; additional stones were removed 

during May, June, July, and August, 1911.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling August 16, 1910, indicates that 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 1.3 feet ±0.2 

foot.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is at times affected by ice 

during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. See discussion under "Channel." Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be published.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey, March 20, 1912: 

Gage height, 4.35 feet; discharge, 1,270 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va. } for 191%. 

[Floyd Artrip, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.... ...........

6...............

T... ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 

14............... 

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.3

3.05

2.92

2.80

2.58

2.48

2.38 

2.35 

2.30

2.40

2.85

3

AK

2.75

2.70

2 60

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.70

3.5 

3.1

Feb.

2.95

2.75

2.72

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.70

"2." 25 ~

2.25

2.22

2.32

2.38

2.68

9. 7

3 O

3.3

3 1

2 GO

4.6

4.4

3 EC

3.25

Mar.

3.0

2.85

2.75

2.58

2

cn

2 CA

2 Cn

2

7*.

2.70

2.65

2.70

3.4 

3.1

6.2

4.6

9. 7

3.5

3

f>

A. £L

4.0

3.85

3.35

4.0

3

0

3.45

^i^

3 A

4

0

3.9 

3.45

Apr.

3.2

3.7

3.7

3.35

1 9

O A

3

1

3 in

3 A

2.95

2.78

2.62 

2.60 

2.58

2.82

2.70

2.98

2

0C

2

7Q

2.70

2.75

2.88

2 on

2

70

2.68

2.85

3.4

2.85

3.2

May.

3.1

2.98

2.90

2.78

2.70

2

CC

3 A

9. 9.H

9. 1*

3.0

2.95

5.0

4.0 

3.55 

3.35

6.0

4.5

3.55

3

0

3.05

2.88

2.78

2.68

2.58

2.50

2.48'

2.38

2

0Q

2.30

2.25 

2.20

June.

2.18

2.15

2.18

2.12

2.10

2.05

2.02

1 OS

1

QK

1.90

i Qft

1.90 

1.90 

1.88

1.92

2.20

2.40

2 7S

2

CC

2.35

2.25

2.72

2.38

2.62

2.52

2.65

2.42

2.32

July.

2.28

2.22

2.20

2.38

2

CA

2

OO

2 99

2.18

2

0C

2.50

3.2

2.78

2.55 

2.60 <* <*

9. in

2.80

3 ft

2

7C

2.60

2.60

2.50

2

Af\

4.10

9. V\

3.1

2.80

2.80

2.88 

2.68

Aug.

2.62

2.50

2.42

2.35

2.28

2.22

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.30

9 49

2.38 

2.25 

2.12

2.05

2.05

2 AS

2 1fi

2.45

2.65

2.48

2 DA

2.26

2.28

2.40

2.28

3.65

3.1

2.76

Sept.

2.60

2.50

2.43

2.60

2.40

9 ofi

2

90

2 9ft

2.16

2.13

2.08

2

AA

2.00

1.98 

1.98

2.08

2

0A

2 in

2 ftf\

1.98

3 ftp;

3.4

3.05

2.76

O £0

2 CO

2.48

Oct.

2.40

2.36

2.33

2.28

2.23

2.23

2.18

2.16

2.13

2.08

2.08

2.06 

2.10

2.08

2.03

2.63

2 66

9 ifi

2

00

3 1

2.70

2 fifi

2 A3

2

fiO

O CO

2 CO

2.48 

2.40

Nov.

2.38

2.43

2.36

2.30

2.28

2.28

4.6

4.1

3.4

3.05

2.89

2.75

2.67 

2.72 

2.65

2.55

2.52

2.47

9 47

9 AS

2 JO

2

07

2.37

2

0.9

9 Q*>

O 07

2.27

2.25

2 1Q

2.22

Dec.

2.22

2.32

2.82

2.79

3.05

3.25

3.2

3.05

2.82

2.72

2.67

2/52

2.47 

2.52 

2.47

2.42

2.37

2.37

2.39

2.29

2.27

2.29

2.35

2 97

2.32

9 49

2.37

2

07

9 9.Q

3.25 

3.4

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 6-12,16-18, and Feb. 

5-17. Observer reported as follows: Jan. 6-11, river frozen over; Jan. 12, ice thawed out; Jan. 16 and 17, 

river frozen; Jan. 18, thawing; Feb. 8-14, river frozen; and Feb. 15, ice thawing out.
62 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

MEADOW RIVER NEAR RUSSELLVILLE, W. VA.

Location. At Bays Ferry, 3 miles below Russell ville, W. Va., one-fourth mile

below mouth of Youngs Creek.

Records available.-nJuly 17, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 297 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to trees on left bank just above the ferry;

datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat or by wading. 

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is at times affected by ice gorges. 

Accuracy. In the fall backwater is sometimes caused at the gage by leaves lodging 

at the riffle below the gage. Because of an error in the gage found by wye levels 

on November 20, 1913 (before this report was prepared), gage heights of discharge 

measurements and daily gage heights for this station for 1909, 1910, and 1911, 

published in Water Supply Papers 263, 283, and 303, should be corrected .as 

follows:

February 21, 1909, to June 7, subtract 0.02 foot. 

June 8 to September 24, subtract 0.03 foot. 

September 25, 1909, to January 11, 1910, subtract 0.04 foot. 

January 12 to April 28, subtract 0.05 foot. 

April 29.to August 15, subtract 0.06 foot. 

August 16 to November 30, subtract 0.07 foot. 

December 1, 1910, to March 17, 1911, subtract 0.08 foot. 

March 18 to July 3, subtract 0.09 foot. 

July 4 to October 19, subtract 0.10 foot. 

October 20 to December 31, 1911, subtract 0.11 foot.

The necessary corrections have been applied to the gage heights in the following 

tables:

Discharge measurements of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 27

30

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey... ...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.02

9.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,370

3,230

Daily gage height, in feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[J. R. Bays, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

6.3

6.3

6.0

5.7

6.3

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.85

Feb.

6.8

6.4

5.8

5.6

« 5.5

a 5. 2

a 5. 1

a5. 05

4.75

4.43

Mar.

6.4

5.9

5.35

5.0

4.95

4.8

4.7

4.7

5.9

6.3

Apr.

7.5

7.8

8.7

8.1

7.0

6.3

5.8

5.4

5.8

5.5

May.

6.9

6.3

6.0

5.6

5.25

5.15

6.1

6.3

6.1

5.7

June.

3.81

3.73

3.65

3.57

3.50

3.42

3.37

3.29

3.26

3.21

July.

4.55

4.06

3.85

4.07

4.5

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.17

4.42

Aug.

3.79

3.69

3.57

3.39

3.35

3.29

3.23

3.18

3.15

3.14

Sept.

4.15

4.09

3.89

3.73

3.71

3.67

3.59

3.49

3.35

3.27

Oct.

3.83

3.71

3.60

3.51

3.42

3.33

3.27

3.24

3.19

3.15

Nov.

3.86

3.82

3.78

3.71

3.60

3.56

4.41

7 Q

6.9

5.9

Dec.

3.56

3.74

3.98

4.65

6.0

6.4

6.6

6 9

5.6

5.15

a Gage height to top of ice.
KANAWHA BIVEB BASIN. 63 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Meadow River near Rwsellville, W. Fa., for 1912 Cont'd.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.... ...........

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.36

5.4

4.37

7.5

7.3

Feb.

4.38

4.36

4.36

4.32

4.22

4.18

4.19

4.26

4.43

4.85

7.1

8.3

7.1

6.4

7.3

10.0

8.4

7.2

Mar.

6.2

6.4

8.3

8.2

10.9

12.2

9.6

7.8

7.1

6.8

7.3

7.3

7.0

7.9

8.8

8.3

7.1

6.5

8.7

9.5

8.5

Apr.

5.3

5.05

4.9

4.8

4.7

4 0

5.1

5.5

5.7

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.5

5.6

5.35

5.2

5.5

6.8

6.5

7.0

May.

5.4

9.3

9.4

8.5

7.2

9 1

11.1

9.1

7.2

6.3

5.6

5.1

4.85

4.65

4.47

4.34

4.21

4.07

4.04

4.01

3.89

June.

3.09

3

f)A

3.00

2.95

2.91

9 SO

2.87

3.05

3.38

3.72

3.80

3.52'

3.34

3.25

3.15

3.41

3.83

6.2

5.7

5.25

July.

4.29

4.23

4.09

3.84

4.17

4.11

4.11

4.95

4.55

3.89

3.66

3.57

3.43

3.35

4.07

5.15

4.7

4.32

3.97

3.89

3.83

Aug.

3.13

3.11

3.09

3.08

3.06

3.05

3.01

2.98

3.09

3.41

4.04

4.8

4.55

4.23

3.84

3.59

3.44

3.37

3.81

4.34

4.19

Sept.

3.23

3.19

3.17

3.05

9 CM.

2.96

2.94

2.98

3.00

2.98

2.95

2.94

3.14

4.10

4.55

4.46

4.22

4.10

4.00

3.89

Oct.

3.12

3.10

3.10

3.12

3.15

3.20

3.27

3.24

3.44

4.46

4.41

4.20

4.41

5.1

5.25

4.85

4.7

4.26

4.20

4.06

3.94

Nov.

5.45

5.0

4.75

4.65

4 55

4.41

4.29

4.22

4.14

4.07

4.02

3.%

3.93

3.90

3.89

3.87

3.82

3.70

3.46

3.38

Dec.

4.9

4.7

4.55

4.35

4.33

4.28

4.23

4.17

4.14

4.07

3.97

3.83

3.80

3.76

3.79

3.91

3.98

3.96

5.00

8.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-29 and Feb. 4-8. Observer 

reported as follows: Jan. 5, ice gorge; Jan. 10, river frozen up solid, ice 4 inches thick at gage; Jan 15, control frozen, river entirely frozen over, ice 5 inches thick at gage; Jan 22 and 29, control open, river partly 

frozen over, ice 6 and 4 inches thick at gage; and Jan. 30, ice gone out. No notes relative to ice during February. In October and November the gage observer reported that false work for the construction of the 

piers of the new county highway bridge below the gage was placed about the middle of October; that piers 

were started Oct. 28 and finished Nov. 6, and that the bridge would not be completed until after Dec. 31, 

1912.

ELK BIVEB AT WEBSTER SPBINGS, W. VA.

Location. At suspension bridge on the grounds of the Webster Springs Hotel at 

Webster Springs, W. Va., one-fourth mile above the mouth of Back Fork Creek. 

Records available. July 1, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 168 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff attached to right abutment of bridge; datum unchanged since

established.

Channel. Coarse gravel; practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading. 

Point of zero flow. Levels taken August 13,1910, indicate that there would be no

flow past the gage at a stage of 0.95 foot±0.2 foot.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is sometimes affected by ice. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge 

to be published. No discharge measurement was made at this station during 

1912. Because of errors in the gage found by wye levels on December 3, 1913 

(before the preparation of this report), gage heights of discharge measurements 

and daily gage heights for this station for 1910 and 1911, published in WaterSupply Papers 283 and 303, should be corrected as follows: 

Gage heights below 6.0 feet:

August 20 to November 21, 1910, add 0.04 foot. 

November 22, 1910, to February 28, 1911, add 0.03 foot. 

March 1 to June 10, 1911, add 0.02 foot. 

Gage heights above 6.0 feet:

March 1 to June 10, 1911, subtract 0.02 foot. 

June 11 to September 20, 1911, subtract 0.03 foot. 

September 21 to December 31, 1911, subtract 0.04 foot.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

The necessary corrections have been applied to the daily gage heights for 1912 in 

the following table:

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[Cherry Woodzell, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.0

3.5

3.2

3.05

2.96

2.6

4.0

3.65

3.3

3.1

2.78

2.72

2.64

2.58

2.55

2.52

3.25

4.35

3.6

Feb.

3.25

3.05

2.92

2.90

2.40

2.55

3.5

4.25

3.55

3.2

2.95

4.8

5.4

4.05

3.45

Mar.

2.90

2.80

2.76

2.68

2.60

2.53

2.50

2.50

2.88

2.99

2.83

2.78

3.45

3.5

5.7

5.4

4.1

3.7

3.55

4.2

4.35

4.1

3.8

4.35

4.6

3.9

3.55

3.2

4.1 

4.6

3.9

Apr.

3.5

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.45

3.25

3.15

3.35

3.15

2.98

2.83

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.48

3.5

3.4

3.45

3.25

3.05

2.86

2.78

3.5

3.15

2.98

2.87

2.78

2.78

2.72 

2.74

May.

2.70

2.68

2.67

2.60

2.56

2.49

3.15

3.5

3.4

3.1

2.88

5.6

4.6

3.9

3.6

5.4

4.5

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.05

2.83

2.63

2.43

2.26

2.22

2.19

2.18

2.17 

2.14

2.06

June.

2.00

1.94

1.96

1.98

1.97

1.92

1.92

1.87

1.80

1.77

1.70

1.60

1.58

1.58

1.58

2.24

2.73

2.48

2.78

2.93

2.68

2.48

2.42

2.33

2.30

2.38

2.66

2.93

2.73 

2.53

July.

2.47

2.40

2.30

2.68

3.3

2.93

2.63

2.38

2.30

2.38

2.86

2.80

2.56

2.93

2.98

2.93

2.80

4.15

4.2

3.45

3.05

4.35

3.65

3.2

4.85

4.0

3.45

3.05

2.92 

3.05

2.97

Aug.

3.1

2.97

2.75

2.52

2.41

2.29

2.19

2.05

2.02

2.01

2.05

2.29

2.17

2.03

1.97

1.96

1.89

1.92

2.32

2.72

2.59

2.42

-2.29

2.19

2.07

1.97

2.05

2.12

1.99 

2.43

2.31

Sept.

2.15

2.07

2.07

2.07

2.01

1.99

1.99

1.89

1.81

1.76

1.69

1.67

1.63

1.61

1.57

1.62

1.77

1.79

1.79

1.79

1.81

1.77

1.97

3.05

3.05

2.82

2.62

2.49

2.37 

2.45

Oct.

2.32

2.19

2.09

2.01

1.97

1.95

1.93

1.86

1.83

1.78

1.75

1.73

1.71

1.72

1.68

1.67

1.67

1.65

1.71

2.27

2.12

1.92

2.02

2.75

2.62

2.49

2.38

2.28

2.20 

2.15

2.10

Nov.

2.06

2.12

2.07

2.02

1.96

1.96

3.85

4.4

3.6

3.15

2.84

2.68

2.58

2.56

2.48

2.38

2.35

2.30

2.26

2.25

2.21

2.16

2.16

2.16

2.16

2.15

2.14

2.04

1.96 

1.96

Dec.

1.96

2.06

2.51

2.61

2.91

3.15

3.25

3.05

2.91

2.74

2.67

2.58

2.41

2.36

2.35

2.28

2.24

2.22

2.26

2.25

2.22

2.21

2.16

2.12

2.04

1.96

2.51

2.56

2.61 

3.9

435

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-19 and Feb. 4-21. Probably 

little if any effect during December. Observer reported relative to ice as follows: Jan. 6. slush ice, gorged 

across river; Jan. 14. control partly frozen, river entirely frozen over at gage, ice about 12 inches thick; Jan. 

19, ice going out; Feb. 3, river partly frozen, ice at gaging section 1 inch thick; Feb. 4,11, and 18, control 

partly frozen, river frozen over, ice 2 inches thick on Feb. 4 and 10 inches on other dates; Feb. 21, rain, ice 

going out; Dec. 23 and 28, river frozen over, ice 2 to 5 inches thick, and Dec. 30, rain, ice gone out.

ELK RIVER AT GASSAWAY, W. VA.

Location. At the Coal & Coke Railroad bridge in the northeastern part of Gassaway,

W. Va., immediately below the mouth of Little Otter Creek. 

Records available. July 1, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 578 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The sea-level

elevation of the zero of the gage is 796.31 feet. 

Channel. Coarse gravel; point of control is probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading. 

Floods. No records of floods prior to the installation of the gage are available. The

flood of January 30,1911, reached a stage of 30.4 feet as determined by wye levels

on September 13, 1912. 

Point of zero flow. Determinations by leveling August 12,1910, and September 13,

1912, indicate that there would be no flow past the gage if the stage were to fall

to 0.5 foot±0.2 foot.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge

to be published.
KANAWHA RIVEB BASIN. 

Discharge measurements of Elk River at Gassaway, W. Fa., in 1912.

65

Date.

Mar. 19

Sept. 13

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. .............................................................

height*

Feet. 

5.48

1.98

Discharge.

See.-/*.

2.170

169

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[H. A. Hays, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

ft Q

K 4

4.9

4 7

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.45

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.7

4.8

5.0

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.2

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.6

5.3

9.1

7.8

Feb.

5.7

5.1

41

O Q

3 7

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.05

2 TO

2.29

2.26

2.22

9 10

2.34

3.6

4.3

5.7

4.8

4.4

4.4

7.8

15.5

8.7

6.3

Mar.

5.1

48

3.9

o 7

3.15

2.84

3 1

3.8

4.6

7.0

8.2

9 0

15.9

9.2

6.5

5.5

5.8

7.6

8.6

7.4

6.8

10.0

7.8

6.1

5.1

7.0

9.0

7.1

Apr.

6.7

6.7

7.4

6.5

5.6

4 A

46

4 K

4 4

4 1

3.8

3.35

3.25

3.15

2.90

3.0

4.6

5.4

44

42

42

4.3

40

3.7

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.15

May.

q f)K

3.2

3.15

i 1

3.5

3

0

4.2

6.9 ft q

5.0

4 0

8.6

9

0

7 Q

6.0

8.7

11.8

7.4

6.3

5.4

4.2

3.7

3.25

2.96

2.83

2.39

2.29

2.14

2.55

2.18

2 m

June.

1 Sfi

1.68

1.80

1.38

1 46

1.80

1.78

1.59

1.62

1 64

i Qfi

1 48

1.47

1 QQ

1.29

1.42

2.09

2.72

2.67

2.68

2.64

2.78

2.74

2.25

2.40

3.35

3.45

3.25

3.40

July.

2 fiJ.

3.05

2.78

4 7

4.6

3.8

2.67

9 fiQ

2.68

2.54

2.78

2.70

2.68

2.66

2.64

2.80

4.2

8.5

8.9

7.1

8.6

7.4

7.2

16.6

12.7

9.8

9.2

8.9

4.2

4 6

Aug.

4 4

4. Q

4.1

3.6

2.92

2.52

2.36

2.22

2.23

2.65

3.05

2.26

2.53

2.60

2.42

1.91

1.76

1.62

1.88

2.42

3.7

3.7

2.86

2.50

2.39

2.40

2.62

2.40

4.5

3

0

Sept.

2.82

2.74

2.48

2.42

2.26

2.22

2.18

2.30

1.69

1.70

1.79

1.24

1.54

1.88

1.87

1.86

1.84

1.93

2.00

1.98

1.94

2.28

3.3

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.1

Oct.

3.05

2.98

2.80

9 AA

2.10

2.02

1.96

1.94

1.88

1 QA

1 70

1.75

1.72

1.71

1.70

1.70

1.69

1.68

1.70

1.74

1.92

2.30

2.48

2.22

2.10

2.06

2.04

2.02

2.00

2.10

2.02

Nov.

1 Oft

2.04

2.31

2.27

2.23

2.19

2.12

5.0

6.0

5.3

3.9

3.35

3.05

2.98

2.94

2.90

2.88

2.84

2.81

2.48

2.27

2.26

2.24

2.23

2.22

2.20

2.18

2.05

1.88

1.86

Dec.

1.86

1 84

1.84

1.88

2.02

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.15

2.99

3.10

2.94

2.94

2.70

2.41

2.49

2.38

2.47

3.7

2.39

2.20

2.05

1.98

1.96

1.96

1.99

2.12

2.66

3.6

5.1

10.9

NOTE. On Apr. 30, in a general report, the observer stated: "No ice in the immediate vicinity of the 

gage except a little shore ice." Relation of gage height to discharge may have been affected slightly by ice 

about Jan. 7-17.

ELK KIVEK AT CLENDENIN, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge in town of Clendenin, W. Va., immediately above

mouth of Big Sandy .Creek. See " Accuracy." 

Records available. June 27, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. Not measured. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

The elevation above sea level of the zero of the gage is 588.69 feet. 

Channel. Practically permanent; point of control is probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

Floods. The high water of 1889 reached a stage of about 31.9 feet referred to gage

datum. 

Point of zero flow. Levels taken August 11,1910, and September 14,1912, indicate

that there would be no flow past the gage if the stage were toiall to 1.0 foot ±0-2

foot. 

29809° WSP 323 14 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge at times during 

December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Big Sandy Creek empties into Elk River immediately below the gage 

and affects the gage height. This effect may be negligible during periods of low 

water in the Big Sandy, but at other times the flow of the creek may be a large 

percentage of the flow in the Elk River above the Big Sandy. On November 28, 

1913 (before the preparation of this report), the station was visited by engineers 

of the Survey, and the flow of the Big Sandy measured and found to be 29 per 

cent of the flow in Elk River above Big Sandy Creek at that time. In making 

estimates of discharge at this station the discharge and drainage area of Big 

Sandy Creek should be included; that is, the Clendenin gage should be considered 

as an index of the flow of the Elk River just below the mouth of Big Sandy Creek. 

Discharge measurements at this station published to date do not include the flow 

of the Big Sandy, and should, therefore, be used with caution.

Discharge measurements of Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va., in 1912.

Bate.

Mar. 16

Sept. 14

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.46

2.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

22,000

193

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[J. W. Riley, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

6.6

5.8

5.3

4.7

4.2

4.0

4.6

a5.2

o5.1

«4.6

o4.4

o4.3

o4.6

04.6

o5.0

10.6

9.1

7.6

6.6

5.3

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.1

5.5

8.7

9.1

Feb.

7.0

5.9

5.2

4.7

4.5

4.8

5.0

4.6

4.6

4.9

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.45

3.6

4.0

4.9

5.1

8.1

8.1

6.4

5.6

8.7

14.3

11.4

7.5

Mar.

6.1

5.3

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.9

5.4

5.6

5.9

11.0

10.3

1L8

15.9

11.6

8.6

6.4

6.9

7.6

8.6

8.4

9.6

10.4

9

0

7 o.

6.2

6.9

9.0

9 0

Apr.

7.6

8.3

9

0

8.1

6.8

6.0

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.0

4 O

4.6

4.4

4 o.

4.1

4.4

4.2

5.9

5.4

5.4

5.0

4.7

4

e

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.5

May.

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.1

5.0

4.7

5.2

8.6

8.0

6.3

5.5

6.6

10.9

8.7

6.8

6.3

10.0

8.9

7.2

6.2

5.2

4.7

4 "*

1 O

3.6

3.35

3.25

3.05

3 A

3.0

*> on

June.

2.80

2.66

2.64

2.66

2.58

2.53

2.46

2.48

2.36

2.33

2.30

2.25

2.24

2.17

2.06

2.06

2.13

2.95

3.6

3.45

3.7

3.95

3.65

3.15

3.55

O. O

4.6

5.0

4.8

4.2

July.

4.2

3.85

3.75

3.6

5.0

5.4

4.6

4.0

3.7

3.45

3.15

3.45

3.4

3.35

3.05

2.82

3.35

5.1

5.9

6.6

4.9

7.7

8.7

6.1

9.5

12.3

7.7

5.7

4.8

4 O

5.0

Aug.

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.2

3.9

3.55

3.3

3.1

2.93

2.83

2.91

5.5

4.8

4.1

3.7

3.45

3.15

2.93

3.65

7.0

5.4

5.2

4.7

4.2

3.75

 * 7

4.4

4.3

11.1

7.0

5.7

Sept.

4.8

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.35

3.35

3.2

3.05

2.90

2.81

2.67

2.56

2.50

2.44

2.37

2.44

2.37

2.50

2.49

2.66

2.56

2.50

2.66

6.0

4.6

4.6

4.2

3.75

3

KK

3.4

Oct.

3.2

3.1

3.05

2.97

2.74

2.60

2.61

2.54

2.47

2.44

2.40

2.38

2.32

2.27

2.32

2 24

2.25

2.22

2.16

2.12

2.12

2.18

2.19

2.45

2 fti

2.91

3.3

3.05 2 97

2.84

2.74

Nov.

2.70

2.62

2.58

2.64

2.70

2.64

2.67

8.0

8.1

5.9

4.7

4.2

3.8

3.65

3.55

3.4

3.25

3.2

3.1

2.91

2.92

2.88

2.84

2.76

2.74

2.70

2.66

2.76

2 CO

9 UK

Dec.

2.49

2.57

2.52

2.54

2.76

4.0

4.7

4.9

4.7

4 Q

3 O

3.65

3.45

3.2

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.1

3.0

3 n

3.05

3 A

2 as

2 90

3 A

2 CM

3

f\

4.1

5.7

10.7

NOTE. Observer made no report concerning ice. 

by ice Jan. 7-19 aud about Feb. 5-12.

a Gage height to top of slush ice.

Relation of gage height to discharge probably afiected
KA1STAWHA RIVEE BASIN. 67

COAL EIVEE AT BEUSHTON, W. VA.

Location. At Chesapeake & Ohio Railway bridge at Brush ton, W. Va., 500 feet

above the mouth of Brush Creek.

Records available. June 23, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 379 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The elevation

above sea level of the zero of the gage is 633.83 feet. 

Channel. A change in channel causing a change in the relation of gage height to

discharge is indicated by the discharge measurement made September 17, 1912. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is little if at all affected

by ice. 

Accuracy. Gage-height records are considered reliable. Sufficient data have not

been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be published.

Discharge measurements of Coal River at Brushton, W. Va., in 1912.

Date. Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.39

1.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,680

022.7

a Measurement made by wading at section about 1,500 feet above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Brushton, W. Va., for 1912. 

[G. W. Fitzpatrick, observer.]

Day.

1......... ......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7..... ..........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17.--..-....-....

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27.--..--.....-..

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31... ............

Jan.

3.6

3.45

3.15

2.95

2.55

2.48

2.46

2.37

2.42

2.37

2.35

2.25

2.21

2.36

2.24

2.26

2.22

2.32

4.6

5.2

4.1

3.4

3.1

2.95

2.85

2.7

9 7

2.6

3.0

6.0

5.0

Feb.

3.85

3.4

2.95

2.65

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.34

2.30

2.30

2.32

2.19

2.10

2.12

2.07

2.15

2.24

2.36

2.55

3.05

6.1

4.4

3.7

3.3

3.95

8.2

5.2

3.95

.......

Mar.

8.4

3.0

2.85

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.85

4.3

4.8

4.2

8.9

6.3

7.5

7.4

5.0

4.0

3.55

3.45

3.5

3.6

3.65

4 A

5.6

4.6

3.9

3.5

5.0

6.2

4.9

Apr,

4.1

6.5

7.2

4.9

3.95

3.50

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2

C

2.5

2.46

2.38

2 4/1

2.42

2.75

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.7

2 RE

2.6

2.46

3 OK

5.9

4.6

4.1

May.

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.0

4.3

4.4

6.4

5.0

4.1

3.5

3.15

4 4

>; i

4.3

3.6

3.55

4 1

3

0

3 A

3.05

2.8

2.55

2.38

2 OK

2.13

2.11

2 no

1 QA

1.80

1 Q1

1.85

June.

1.75

1.44

1.79

1.67

1.68

1.62

1.06

1.28

1.46

1.42

1.36

1.26

1.22

1.19

1.18

1 3d.

1.33

1.36

1 79

2.10

1.92

1 F»d.

1.65

1 Pv3

1.52

1 d&

1 f\A.

1.86

2.02

1.88

July.

2.18

2.7

2.6

2.49

3.3

2.65

2.36

2.09

2.4

2.55

2.4

4.7

3.15

2.55

9 9ft

2.16

2.29

3.2

3.55

3.05

2.55

2 30

2.14

2 fi1

3

C

3.85

2 A

2.5

2.3

2.18

2.02

Aug.

2.05

2.0

1.88

1.78

1.70

1.61

1.59

1.58

1.54

1.57

1.47

i >;ft

1.68

1.61 i ff>

1.42

1.38

1.32

1 54

1.50

1.60

1.70

1 7O

1 7ft

1 64

1 60

1 Oft

1 OS

2.04

3 9d.

2.14

Sept.

1.97.

1.82

1.69

1.60

1.64

1.59

1.46

1.82

1.82

1.60

1.49

1.42

1.34

1.25

1.28

1.26

1.24

1.30

1.26

1.26

1.26

1 97

1.71

2 Q

2.49

2.10

2

00

2.27

2.10

1 Qd.

Oct.

1.80

1.69

1.63

1.56

1.51

1.46

1.92

1.88

1.82

1.56

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.25

1.25

1.24

1.22

1.28

1 9d.

1.26

1.24

1 9d.

1.52

1.61

1 78

1.78

1.67

1.61

1.56

1 48

1.44

Nov.

1.40

1.40

1.38

1.38

1.34

1.33

1.41

2.55

2.9

2.42

2.16

2.02

1.90

1.84

1.81

1.74

1.66

1.60

1.56

1.53

1.48

1 44

1.43

1.42

1 At

1.46

1 44

1.42

1.38

1.38

Dec.

1.36

1.36

1.45

1.64

2.7

3.55

3.3

2.9

2.55

2.32

2.14

2.07

1.89

1.72

1 78

1.81

1.76

1.72

1 79

1.74

1.75

1.60

1 45

i *\n

1 54

1.52

1.71

1 84

2.14

2

Q

6.0

NOTE. Observer reported as follows: Jan. 15, shore ice, river open under bridge; Jan. 16, about 100 

feet below bridge river frozen over, with ice 5 inches thick; Feb. 11, about two-thirds of water surface frozen 

over; shore ice all that amounts to anything, ice at gage about 7 inches thick. Relation of gage height 

to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 6-18 and about Feb. 5-13.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET III.

COAL RIVER AT FUQUA, W. VA.

Location. At W. C. Hoy's passenger ferry half a mile below Fuqua railroad station

and 1 mile below the mouth of Fuqua Creek. 

Records available. October 12, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. Not measured. 

Gage. Staff gage in two sections on right bank. 

Channel. Firm sand.

Discharge measurements. Made from boat 300 feet above gage or by wading. 

Point of zero flow. Wye levels, run September 16, 1912, indicate that there would

be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to a stage of 0.0 foot ±0.2 foot

referred to gage datum. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for

short periods. 

Accuracy. Gage-height record is considered reliable. Sufficient data have not been

obtained to warrant publication of estimates of discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey by wading at a 

section about 500 feet above gage: 

September 16, 1912: Gage height, 0.89 foot; discharge, 51 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Fuqua, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[W. C. Hoy, observer.]

Day.

1... ...... ......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.6

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.75 

4.0

4.2

4.6

4 6

A A

3.5

3.42

3.12

2.85

3.20

o5.0

9.8

6.7

5.0

4.2

3.9

3.6

3.38

3.26

3.16

3.95

8.6

8.7

Feb.

6.0

4.8

3.95

3.8

5.2

3.75

"3.' 34"

3.30

3.22

3.38

3.5

3.7

4.2

5.6

11.1

8.0

5.7

4.7

9.2

13.9

9.5

6.4

Mar.

5.0

4.1

3.85

3.65

3.48 

3.42

3.42

3.75

5.8

8.2

6.8

6.7

15.8 

12.4

12.3

14.3

9.3

5.4

5

K

5 A.

5.6

5.6

8.1

10.8

7 9

6.2

5.1

6.3

10.6

8.6

Apr.

6.6

10.4

14.2

9

n

6.5 

5.3

4.6

4.3

Q 7>;

3.55

3.25

3.22

3.14 

3.18

3.01

2.96

2.90

3.8

4.0

3

7K

3

E

3.38

3 .4.1

3 OR

3.19

3 fti

5

K

11.6

8.1

6.7

May.

6.3

5.4

4.6

4 0

6.9

6.8

15.1

10.9

7.4

5 A

4.5

5.4

7.7 

5.9

A O

A. 0

5.9

5

Q

5.0

4

0

3.65

3.18

2 7ft

2 ^.

2.25

2 on

2.02

1.89

1.85

1 90

1.82

June.

1.65

1.56

1 60

1.64

1.56

1.48

1.42

1.30

1.28

1.25

1.14

1.07

.98 

1.03

.94

.95

.96

11?

1.22

1 Q°.

1 90

1.66

1 %A

1.42

1.18

1.10

110

1 46

1 54

2.04

July.

2.34

4.6

3.6

2.84

2.93

2.84

2.40

2.01

2.01

2.38

2.34

4.6

4.0 

2.79

2.15

1.91

1.90

9 7fi

5.3

3

QC

2.89

2.40

2 ft0.

1.78

6.6

6.4

4 0

3 04

2.50

2.36

2.39

Aug.

2.32

2.04

1.84

1.67

1.57 

1.44

1.36

1.30

1.30

1.41

1.34

1.48

1.52

1.47

1.36

1.23

1.13

1 09

1.22

1

KA.

1 48

1.52

1 48

1.52

1.40

1 w\

1.87

1.95

1.93

2.57

2.40

Sept.

2.00

1.72

1.52

1.40

1.26 

1.26

1.16

1.28

1 44

1.26

1.12

1.02

.94 

.90

.94

.89

.86

QA

.95

QO

.87

.86

94

2.63

2.52

2 fU

1.75

2.15

1.97

1.85

Oct.

1.65

1.48

1.32

1.22

1.14 

1.10

1 (VI

1.00

.95

01

.90

.85

.83 

.82

.80

so

7Q

*?ft

.75

on

on

7Q

OQ

1 04

1.12

1 99

1.25

1.15

1.12

1.10

1.00

Nov.

0.94

.94

.91

.92

.90

.88

.98

1.13

2.67

2.40

1.97

1.76

1.60 

1.52

1.47

1 40

1.34

1.26

1.20

1.16

119

1.10

1.07

1.05

1.06

1.06

1.06

1 fU

1.08

1 00

Dec.

0.94

1.00

1 04

1.10

1.76 

4.2

4.0

3.33

2.80

2.41

2.16

1.99

1.95

1.88

1.85

1.63

1.56

1 W

1.50

1.45

I

/in

1.38

1.30

1.26

1.35

i ia

1 43

1.60

1.94

9

0

o Gage height estimated by observer.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-19, Feb. 4-20. and Dec. 25-29. 

Observer made full report relative to ice. noting conditions as follows: Jan. 5. ice running; Jan. 6, ice gorged, 

thickness of ice at gaging section 2 inches; Jan. 14 and 16, river entirely frozen over, ice 7 inches thick, 

controlling section frozen over; Jan. 18, ice melting, water running over ice, average thickness of ice 6 inches; 

Jan. 19, can not cross river to read gage, river still frozen over except at banks, nver rising, estimated gage 

height about 5.0 feet, ice breaking up and running out; Jan. 20, ice out; Feb. 4, ice along shores, slush ice 

running at controlling section; Feb. 7, frozen all week, ice about 5 inches thick and very rough, control 

frozen; Feb. 11 and 14, river entirely frozen over, ice 8 to 9 inches thick, control frozen over; Feb. 21 ice 

broke up at 9 a. m.; Dec. 26, river partly frozen over; and Dec. 30, ice broke up.
KANAWHA EIVER BASIN. 69

COAL EIVER AT TORNADO, W. VA.

Location. At highway bridge at Upper Falls railroad station, one-fourth mile above 

Tornado, W. Va., and 1 mile above mouth of Smith Creek.

Records available. June 24, 1908, to June 3, 1912. Station discontinued June 3, 

1912, in favor of station at Fuqua. See "Accuracy."

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent; strewn with large bowlders.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

Point of zero flow. Determined August 8, 1910, as approximately 1.2 feet. The 

control is a rough log dam and point of zero flow changes.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge is affected by ice 

cover and gorges from one to two weeks at a time during December, January, and 

February.

Artificial control. There is a low dam and water-power plant about 1,000 feet 

below the station.

Accuracy. The low-water gage heights at this station are affected by the operation 

of the power plant below the station. Another gaging station has been established at Fuqua above the influence of this dam, by means of which the effect of 

the power plant upon the lower gage may be observed.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

April 3, 1912: Gage height, 9.90 feet; discharge, 11,900 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Tornado, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[G. C. Hoy, observer.]

Day.

1. ......... 

2..........

3.......... 

4..........

5..........

6. .........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

3.6 

3.6

3.41 

3.2

2.78

3.02

2.58

2.78

2.95

2.82

2.75

2.5

2.47

2.35

2.48

Feb.

4.0 

3.55

3.28 

2.94

3.06

3.0

2.92

2.76

2.82

2.52

2.45

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.35

Mar.

3.5 

3.18

3.05 

2.92

2.81

2.8

2.82

2.98

3.8

4.8

4.2

4.2

11.2

7.9

7.9

Apr.

4.1 

6.1

9.6 

5.4

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.26

2.98

2.88

2.78

2.74

2.70

2.66

2.60

May.

4.0 

3.65

3.36 

3.2

4.5

4.2

10.4

6.9

4.4

3.8

3.36

3.6

4.6

3.9

3.55

June.

1.96 

1.90

1.90

Day.

16.......... 

17..........

18..........

1Q

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

9<i

26..........

97

28..........

29..........

30

31..........

Jan.

2.48 

2.35

2.74 

4.8

6.3

4.3

3.6

3.3

S 14

2.99

2.86

2.82

2.75

3.2

5.0

<i 9

Feb.

2.36 

2.42

2.42 

2.52

2.86

3.50

6.4

4.8

3.9

3.55

5.3

9.2

5.7

4.1

Mar.

9.4 

5.7

4.2 

3.16

3.7

3.65

3.75

3.75

5.1

6.7

4.4

4.0

3.6

4.1

6.2

5.0

Apr.

2.55 

2.54

3.11 

3.10

3.04

2.92

2.88

2.91

2.84

2.75

2.66

3.85

7.4

5.2

A O

May.

3.6 

3.9

3.9 

3.6

3.28

3.04

2.76

2.58

2.43

2.32

2.28

2.22

2.09

2.00

2.09

2.05

June.

....

....

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-19 and about Feb. 3-20. 

height to top of ice Feb. 11. It is questionable whether other gage heights during ice period were read 

to water surface or to top of ice. Observer reported ice as follows: Jan. 5, ice running, gorged above; Jan. 

7, channel frozen over, thickness of ice at gaging station 3 inches; Jan. 10-17, river entirely frozeu over, 

ice 4 to 6 inches thick; Jan. 19, ice breaking and running; Feb. 3, slush ice running; Feb. 4. ice gorged 

above; Feb. 5-10, river entirely frozen over above gage, channel open at gage; Feb. 11, river entirely frozen 

over; Feb. 12, river entirely frozen over, ice 2 inches thick at gage and 7 inches along shores; and Feb. 

18, thaw beginning.

POCOTALIGO RIVER AT SISSONVILLE, W. VA.

Location. At the highway bridge at the post office at Sissonville, W. Va., one-fourth

mile below the mouth of Grapevine Creek. 

Becords available. June 26, 1908, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART in.

Floods. The flood of June 27, 1910, reached a height of 33.0 feet by the gage datum. 

Some of the flood water passed around the gage.

Point of zero flow. Levels taken August 10, 1910, indicate that there would be no 

flow past the gage if the stage were to fall to 1.2 feet ±0.2 foot.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for 

short periods in December, January, and February.

Artificial control. A dam and small power plant above the station modifies the 

low-water flow.

Accuracy. Some of the flood water passed around the gage June 27, 1910. Sufficient 

data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge to be made. Because of an error in the gage found by wye levels on November 25, 1913, gage 

heights of discharge measurements and daily gage heights for this station for 

1911, published in Water-Supply Paper 303, should be corrected as follows: 

February 11 to May 11, subtract 0.02 foot; May 12 to August 12, subtract 0.03 foot; 

August 13 to November 13, subtract 0.04 foot; November 14 to December 31, 

subtract 0.05 foot. The necessary correction has been applied to the gage heights 

in the following tables:

Discharge measurements of Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 14

15

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.09

13.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

961

4,130

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va.,for 1912. 

[B. N. Sisson, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

5-. ..-.-...-.. .-

T. ..............

g

10...............

11...............

12

13

14...............

1 f\

16...............

17-...........---

10

19

20...............

01

99

9^

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

OD

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.0

4.2

3.6

3.25

2.9

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.29

2.30

2.35

2.31

2.10

2.05

3.8

14.2

6.6

4.2

3.6

3.8

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.05

2.9

6.8

7.4

4.6

Feb.

3.6

3.4

3.1

2.95

2.95

2.25

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.39

2.20

2.16

2.15

2.21

2.15

2.30

2.39

2.7

3.45

4.4

8.1

8.9

4.1

3.5

3.2

11.4

11.1

4.7

3.7

Mar.

3.25

2.9

2.85

2.75

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.4

6.3

5.1

4.1

6.3

12.9

6.9

12.9

7.3

4.5

3.7

6.3

7.4

6 q

7.2

5.1

10.4

7.1

4.7

3.7

3.35

9.3

5.9

4.3

Apr.

3.8

8.9

8.2

4.6

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.2

3.25

3.25

2.75

2.7

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.35

9.5

4.9

3.6

3.25

2.95

2.7

2.55

2.45

3.6

3.5

3.25

3.9

May.

3.45

3.15

2.9

2.75

3.05

3.25

4.8

6.8

4.1

3.25

3.0

3.7

3.5

3.1

2.85

3.45

5.2

4.8

3.6

3.2

2.85

2.55

2.36

2.24

1.96

2.06

1.86

1.72

1.82

2.29

2.22

June.

1.88

1.89

1.85

1.79

1.63

1.61

1.69

1.53

1.35

1.41

1.41

1.44

1.47

1.63

1.38

1.37

1.55

1.49

1.68

1.43

1 47

1.45

1.55

1.73

1.33

1.72

1.70

1.61

1.85

3.2

July.

2.8

3.15

2.33

2.11

1.95

2.11

1.89

1.82

1.58

1.77

1.95

3.7

3.1

2.36

1.94

1.84

1.70

2.33

3.7

2.87

2.5

9.1

4.4

3.15

8.7

6.0

3.25

2.75

2.5

2.35

2.6

Aug.

2.6

2.17

2.02

1.80

1.92

1.56

1.56

1.47

1.48

1.76

10.6

3.9

2.8

2.42

2.07

1.97

1.94

2.01

1.87

4.1

3.0

2.85

2.6

2.42

5.2

3.25

2.5

10.9

3.8

3.4

Sept.

2.8

2.33

2.11

1.99

1.63

1.66

1.69

1.99

1.70

1.57

1.59

1.23

1.46

1.53

1.55

1.53

1.61

1.51

1.96

1.69

1.71

1.53

1.73

1.71

1.80

1.83

2.14

1.86

2.55

2.26

Oct.

1.89

1.83

1.66

1.49

1.43

1.43

1.41

1.56

1.53

1.47

1.42

1.43

1.42

1.40

1.36

1.34

1.35

1.38

1.46

1.39

1.40

1.40

1.65

1.54

1.48

1.42

1.44

1.41

1.41

1.38

1.40

Nov.

1.39

1.64

1.55

1.42

1.38

1.40

1.44

1.50

1.80

1.80

1.88

1.55

1.60

1.85

1.99

1.80

1.42

1.62

1.64

1.56

1.68

1.49

1.54

1.44

1.50

1.53

1.52

1.39

1.40

1.39

Dec.

1

0Q

1.59

1.80

1.77

2.29

4.6

3.9

2.95

2.55

2.34

2.07

1.97

1.83

1.64

1.70

1.62

1.74

1.67

1.79

1.89

1.73

1.74

1.74

1.69

1.66

1.59

2.07

2.7

3.0

7.1

6.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 7-17 and Feb. 5-15. Observer 

reported relative to ice as follows: River partly frozen with ice 5 to 6 inches thick Jan. 13 and 16; ice out 

Jan. 18; river partly frozen Feb. 6 and 13 with ice 1 to 3 inches thick, and on Feb. 18 ice and snow thawing.
STTBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI. 71

MILL CHEEK BASIN. 

MILL CHEEK AT ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, OHIO.

Location. At Arlington Heights about 1,000 feet below confluence of East and West

forks of Mill Creek.

Records available. September 19 to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 109 square miles. 

Gage. Inclined staff fastened to posts on right bank. 

Channel. Earth, mud bottom, probably shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from boat at section or by wading both forks. 

Winter flow. Affected by ice during severe winters. 

Accuracy. Data insufficient for estimates of flow; gage heights reliable. 

Cooperation. This station is maintained in cooperation with the division of sewerage

of the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, for use in connection with its sewerage studies.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading the East and West 

forks by Bailey and Root: 

October 16, 1912: gage height 1.41 feet; discharge, 18.1 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mill Creek at Arlington Heights, Ohio, for 1912. 

[H. C. Harris, observer.]

Day.

l. ....... .......

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Sept. Oct.

1.52

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.48

1.45

1.48

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.50

Nov.

1.56

1.50

1.48

1.42

1.42

1.48

2.00

1.78

1.70

2.05

1.55

1.55

1.58

1.55

1.52

Dec.

1.42

1.65

1.58

1.50

1.55

2.20

1.58

1.58

1.52

1.48

1.48

1.42

1.32

1.28

1.42

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

Qn

31...............

Sept.

1.60

1.55

1.48

2.70

1.90

1.75

1.70

1.60

1.52

1.48

1.48

1 48

Oct.

1.42

1.42

1.55

1.62

1.42

1.45

1.80

1.98

1.65

1.60

1.52

1.40

1.40

1.48

1.50

1.52

Nov.

1.55

1.60

1.52

1.50

1.55

1.52

1.48

1.48

1.48

1.42

1.58

1.48

1.40

1.42

1.40

Dec.

1.42

1.72

1.68

1.68

1.58

1.48

1.32

1.38

1.40

1.38

1.48

1.58

1.48

1.52

1.72

1.82

NOTE. No ice reported by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not materially 

affected by ice during time of record.

MILL CHEEK AT CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Location. At the Eighth Street Viaduct, Cincinnati, Ohio, about three-eighths 

mile above mouth of Mill Creek.

Records available. September 10 to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 154 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge.

Channel. Concrete channel under bridge.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading at 

the same section.

Winter flow. Affected by ice during severe winters.

Accuracy. For the greater part of the year gage heights are affected by backwater 

from Ohio River; estimates of the flow, therefore, can not be made.

Cooperation. This station is maintained in cooperation with the division of sewerage of the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, for use in connection with its sewerage studies.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET III.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading at regular section by 

Bailey and Root: 

August 23, 1912: Gage height, 1.54 feet; discharge, 121 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mill Creek at Cincinnati, Ohio, for 1912. 

[Wm. Manning, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Sept.

11.0

9.0

6.65

5.0

3.75

2.4

Oct.

5.19

5.53

4.63

3.67

2.06

1.96

1.62

1.74

1.78

1.78

1.84

2.45

2.91

2.67

2.67

Nov.

6.89

5.59

3.73

2.47

1.81

2.04

2.38

2.18

2.06

1.96

2.35

2.94

5.10

6.86

5.51

Dec.

2.79

2.97

2.57

2.81

3.22

3.53

2.15

1.95

2.21

6.12

9.50

7 11

6.77

5.89

4.81

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Sept.

1.8

1.75

2.5

1.84

1.86

1.80

3.33

2.45

2.19

2.80

2.25

1.85

2.87

3.94

5.25

Oct.

2.42

2.47

2.69

2.31

2.43

2.39

3.27

2.43

2.80

2.26

2.58

2.42

3.44

4.57

7.29

8.01

Nov.

4.69

3.09

2.29

1.89

1.89

1.89

1.83

1.83

1.79

1.82

1.96

2.12

2.29

2.48

2.58

Dec.

3.52

2.08

1.87

1.81

.94

1.81

1.79

1.79

1.81

1.34

1.84

1.88

1.84

1.84

2.67

2.33

NOTE. Backwater from Ohio River was reported Sept. 10-12, 23-30; Oct. 1-4,12-31; Nov. 1-20,27-30; 

Dec. 1-4, and 10-16.

MIAMI RIVER BASIN. 

MIAMI RIVER AT HAMILTON, OHIO.

Location. At single-span highway bridge on High Street, Hamilton, Ohio.

Records available. February 28, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Flood stages only, 

November 16,1904, to February 27,1910, reported by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

Drainage area. 3,580 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff gage in two sections fastened to the retaining wall on the left 

bank of the river about 100 feet above the bridge; upper section, placed by 

Weather Bureau in November, 1904, reads from 2.5 to 25.0 feet; lower section, 

placed by the United States Geological Survey, extends from 0.5 foot to 4.0 

feet. Gage datum has not been changed.

Channel. The section at the bridge shifts to some extent in floods on account of 

the high velocity; but the point of control, a short distance below, is apparently 

permanent under ordinary conditions.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height 21.2 feet March 24, 1898, according to the records 

of the United States Weather Bureau.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge may be at times affected by ice 

during very severe weather, but for short periods only, as factory wastes probably 

keep the temperature of the water above the freezing point.

Artificial control. There are several power plants in Hamilton above the station, 

but all the water used by them is returned to the river above the gage; there is 

little if any regulation of the flow from this source.

Diversions. The Miami & Erie Canal is fed by water taken from Miami River at 

Middletown and Miamisburg, Ohio. The quantity diverted is not known, but it 

is believed to be a considerable part of the low-water flow.

Accuracy. Values of "discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "run-off 

(depth in inches)" published for this station in previous reports may be misleading and should be used with caution if at all. See "Artificial control" and 

"Diversions."
MIAMI BIVER BASIN.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

August 21, 1912: Gage height, 2.14 feet; discharge, 1,930 second-feet.

Daily gage 'height, in feet, of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1912. 

[C. A. Huber, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.........'......

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29... ...........

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.6

4.0

3.4

2.95

2.8

2.15

2.05

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.75

1.75

1 7<!

1.75

 oo 

6.4

5.0

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.85

2.65

2.45

2.3

2.05

5.5

4.4

3.2

Feb.

2.7

2.45

2.15

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.05

2.55

3. 5

4.7

5.8

5.1

4.3

3.2

2.9

3.8

13.4

13.8

10.6

5.9

Mar.

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.95

2.8

3.4

3.4

3.1

2.9

3.1

10.3

Q S

5.8

5.0 

4.9

5.0

8.2

7.4

5.1

7.6

6.8

5.5

7.0

7.0

11.6

12.6

10.3

Apr.

6.8

7.0

9 n

7.6

6.3

5.3

4.6

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.2

o. U

3.3

3.6

3.5

4.3

5.4 

4.7

3.9

3.4

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.8

5.2

4.6

3.4

4.8

6.7

May.

5.6

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.8

^. 10

9 fi

9 fi

2.6

2.6

9 fi

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.65

3.0

2.55

June.

2

e

2 OK

2 9

2.1

2.0

9 n

2.0

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 ft

3.2

O. /

2.9

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

July.

2.2

2

0

9 9

2.1

2.0

9 n

1 Q

1 9

1 Q

1.9

1 Q

1.9

1 Q

1 Q

2 Q

3.2

3.4 

3.2

3.4

3.3

3.2

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.45

2.25

2.05

1.9

1.85

1.8

Aug.

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.95

1.85

1.8

2 9

2.2

2.05

1.85

1.7

3.0

2.25

2.4

2.2

1.95

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.6

7.4

3.2

2.5

Sept.

2

9K

1 Q1

1 7<!

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.35

2.45

2.25

2.05

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

Oct.

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 1 <;

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

Nov.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.0

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Dec.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 i <;

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.4

2.35

NOTE. Jan. 8 to about Jan. 25 gage heights were taken from a reference point on the bridge because the 

gage was frozen in and surrounded by deTsris from a burned building. Relation of gage height to discharge 

probably affected by ice about Jan. 5-17 and Feb. 4-16. During January the observer reported ice along 

shores on the 5th, llth, and 12th, ice 8 and 9 inches thick on the llth and 12th, slush ice running on the 

12th and in February. On the 5th ice along shores 3 inches thick; on Feb. 11 ice went out from shore 

opposite gage and on Feb. 12, ice along one shore 40 feet in width and 10 inches thick. No ice on control 

reported at any time.

Daily discharge, in second feet, of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1912.

Day.

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

Jan.

9,080

7,160

5,330

4.000

2.920

15,200

10,400

Feb.

3,310

2,680

1,990

2,920

5,630

9,410

13.100

Mar.

8,440

6,230

5,930

5,330

4,730

4,000

3,580

5,330

5,330

4,440

3,860

4,440

7,800

8,440

30,700

28,500

13,100

10,400

10,100

10,400

Apr.

16,800

17.400

25,200

16,700

14,900

11,400

9,080

8.440

7,160

6,540

5,330

4,730

4,150

5,030

5,930

5,630

8,120

11,700

9,410

6,850

May.

12,400

8,440

6,540

5,330

5,330

5,630

4,730

4,150

3,860

3,310

3,310

3,580

3,440

3,180

3,050

3.050

3,050

3,050

3,050

3,050

June.

2,800

2,440

2,100

1,880

1 660

1,660

1 660

1,450

1,350

1.250

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,250

4,730

6,230

3,860

3.180

July.

2,100

2,330

2,100

1,880

1,660

1,660

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

3,860

4,730

5, 330

4,730

5.330

Aug.

1,160

1,070

1,070

1,070

995

920

920

920

995

1,560

1,350

1,250

1,450

2,100

2,100

1,770

1,350

1,250

1,070

4.150

Sept.

2,220

1,560

1,160

920

800

800

1,070

1,070

920

860

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

09ft

920

Oct.

860

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

Nov.

920

920

800

800

800

800

1,660

1,450

1,250

1,250

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1.070

Dec.

920

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800
74 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET m.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1912 Continued.

Day.

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30........... 

QI

Jan.

6,540

5,330

4,730

3,720

3,180

2,680

2,330

1,770

12,100

8,440 

4,730

Feb.

10,700

8,120

4,730

3,860

6,540

45,000

46,900

32,000

13,400

Mar.

22,000

18,900

10,700

16,700

16,800

12,100

17.400

17,400

36.500

41,200 

30 ' 700

Apr.

5,330

5,330

4,730

3,860

3,580

11,100

9,080

5,330

9,740

16,300

May.

2,800

2,680

2,560

2,440

2,330

2,100

1,880

1,660

3,180

4,150 

2,920

June.

2,800

2,560

2,560

2,330

2,330

2,100

1,880

1,660

1,660

1,660

July.

5,030

4,730

3,580

3,580

3,050

2,680

2,220

1,770

1,450

1,350 

1,250

Aug.

2,220

2,560

2,100

1,560

1,160

920

920

920

18,900

4,730 

2.800

Sept.

800

2,440

2,680

2,220

1,770

1,350

1,070

920

920

920

Oct.

800

800

1,660

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070 

920

Nov.

1,070

920

920

920

920

920

920

920

920

920

Dec.

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

2,560 

2,440

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is fairly well denned 

below 210 second-feet (gage height 0.6 foot); well denned between 250 and 66,500 second-feet (gage heights, 

0.7 and 17.5 feet); and is a tangent above 62,600 second-feet (gage height, 16.8 feet), and extended as such 

above 66,500 second-feet (gage height, 17.5 feet).

Discharge Jan. 5-17 and Feb. 4-16 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes; and climatologic records, as follows: Jan. 5-17,1,400 second-feet; Feb. 4-16,900 second-feet. These estimates of 

discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been eflected by ice 

are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,580 square miles.]»

Month.

February. . ....................................................

March ..........................................................

April...........................................................

May...........................................................

July .........................................................

October. .......................................................

The year.... .............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,200

46,900

41,200 

25,200 

12,400 

6,230 

5,330 

18,900 

2,680 

1,660 

1,660 

2,560

46,900

Minimum.

3,580 

3,580 

1,660 

1,250 

1,250 

920 

800 

800 

800 

800

Mean.

4,120

7,650 

13,600 

9,160 

3,880 

2,180 

2,560 

2,170 

1,160 

912 

1,020 

914

4,100

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

o Estimates of discharge in "second-feet per square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" would be 

misleading. See "Artificial control" and "Diversions."

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

DIX RIVER BASIN. 

DIX RIVER NEAR BURGIN, ET.

Location. At highway bridge on Burgin-Buena Vista pike, 4 miles from Burgin, Ky.

Records available. July 2,1910, to July 16, 1911; October 1,1911, to December 31, 

1912.

Drainage area. 416 square miles.

Gage. Staff gage attached to abutment of bridge.

Channel. Probably permanent

Discharge measurements. See "Cooperation."

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge ordinarily not affected by ice.

Accuracy. This station has not been visited by United States Geological Survey 

engineers, but the computations of daily and monthly discharge were made by 

the Survey. No discharge measurements were made during 1912. The station 

was last visited September 20, 1910, and the accuracy of the data published in
DIX RIVER BASIN. 75

the following tables depends upon the permanency of the gage and of the conditions of flow since that date. 

Cooperation. The station was established and measurements made by representatives of the Kentucky Geological Survey and the Madison Electric & Power Co.,

of Richmond, Ky. The gage reader's salary is paid by the Madison Electric & 

Power Co., and by the State Geological Survey of Kentucky.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofDix River near Burgin, Ky.,for 1912. 

[C. P. Kennedy, observer.]

Day.

1...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

10.2

8.8

8.0

7.5

7.05

6.9

6.6

6.1

5.75

5.65

5.35

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.5

435

18.8

11.4

7.7

6.15

6.75

6.45

5.9

5.55

5.5

5.65

6.05

6.55

6.8

Feb.

6.55

6.4

6.4 

6.15

5.65

5.25

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.35

4.4

4.35

4.3

42

41

405

405

40

4.5

12.8

11.4

9.2

8.4

7.55

11.8

11.0

9.4

8.1

Mar.

6.95

6.4

5.95

5.7

5.65

5.7

5.85

10.7

12.2

10.0

8.4

10.8

10.8

11.8

17.6

12.0

8.5

7.0

6.75

6.45

6.05

5.95

6.7

12.8

12.0

9.7

8.6

7.05

6.8

12.0

7.95

Apr.

6.2

15.6

12.6 

9.1

8.5

7.5

6.45

5.85

5.45

5.2

5.0

49

49

5.55

5.4

5.25

5.35

5.7

5.45

5.15

4.95

5.15

5.05

485

47

4.7

4.7

7.85

10.6

10.6

May.

7.65

6.35

5.95 

5.35

5.5

6.9

8.2

8.1

7.15

6.5

5.9

14.8

9.4

7.65

6.75

6.1

5.35

4.85

4.55

4.25

40

3.85

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.8

3.8

3.8

June.

3.65

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.55

3.65

5.45

4.0

3.95

3.85

3.7

3.55

3.5

3.9

425

July.

4.3

3.9

3.7

5.2

5.6

5.1

5.5

5.5

49

42

8.7

6.0

5.5

5.1

46

5.4

5.1

8.0

6.6

6.1

4.8

4.6

5.8

5.0

4.6

43

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

Aug.

3.4

3.3

3.2 

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.4

3.3

3.7

5.5

5.0

47

41

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.8

46

48

48

4.8

4.8

4.4

4.1

3.7

4.5

45

3.9

3.8

Sept.

3.7

3.6

3.4 

3 9

3.8

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

5.0

4.6

40

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

Oct.

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2

O

2

0

2

O

2

O

2

O

Nov.

2.8

2.9

2.9 

3.0

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

Dec.

3.3

3.4

4.2 

4.5

5.0

12.2

8.9

6.9

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.4

5.8

5.8

9.2

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDix River near Burgin, Ky.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

Jan.

3,900

2,580

1,950

1,600

1,330

1,240

1,080

830

684

646

536

485

388

357

327

327

270

232

13,400

5,140

Feb.

1,060

978

978

854

646

502

420

327

298

244

232

244

232

219

195

172

152

152

151

270

Mar.

1,270

978

765

665

646

665

724

4,400

6,000

3,700

2,260

4,510

4,510

5,560

12,100

5,780

2,340

1,300

1,160

1,000

Apr.

878

9,770

6,440

2,850

2,340

1,600

1,000

724

572

485

420

388

388

608

554

502

536

665

572

468

May.

1,700

952

765

536

590

1,240

2,100

2,020

1,390

1,030

744

8,860

3,120

1,700

1,160

830

536

372

284

207

June.

92

87

83

79

75

70

65

60

55

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

60

78

July.

219

132

99

485

627

452

590

590

388

195

2,500

786

590

452

298

554

452

1,950

1,080

830

Aug.

60

50

50

50

33

26

60

50

99

590

420

327

172

115

71

50

50

41

115

298

Sept.

99

84

60

132

115

84

115

99

99

84

60

50

41

26

26

20

20

20

20

26

Oct.

41

41

41

41

33

33

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

20

20

20

20

20

20

Nov.

15

20

20

26

50

60

84

84

115

327

298

270

244

219

172

115

115

115

115

115

Dec.

50

60

195

270

420

6,000

2,670

1,240

704

590

554

554

485

485

452

452

420

420

420

420
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDix River near Burgin, Ky., for 191S Continued.

Day.

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Jan.

1.730

854

1,160

1.000

744

608

590

646

808

1,060

1,190

Feb.

6,660

5,140

2,940

2,260

1,630

5,560

4,720

3,120

2,020

Mar.

808

765

1,140

6,660

5,780

3,410

2,420

1,330

1,190

5,780

1,910

Apr.

404

468

436

372

327

327

327

1,840

4,300

4,300

May.

151

124

99

99

84

66

60

60

115

115

115

June.

92

572

151

142

124

99

78

71

132

207

July.

357

298

704

420

298

219

132

99

71

60

60

Aug.

357

357

357

357

244

172

99

270

270

132

115

Sept.

20

26

26

420

298

151

84

60

60

50

Oct.

20

20

20

20

20

20

15

15

15

15

15

Nov.

99

84

84

71

60

60

50

50

50

50

Dec.

388

388

388

388

357

357

357

554

704

704

2,940

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well denned between 

50 and 6,550 second-feet (gage heights 0.3 and 12.7 feet). Above 6,550 second-feet the rating curve is simply 

an extension, and discharge values above that point should therefore be used with caution. See "Accuracy" in station description.

Monthly discharge ofDix River near Burgin, Ky.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 416 square rSiles.]

Month.

January.......................................

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

December .....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,400 

6,660 

12,100 

9,770 

8,860 

572 

2,500 

590 

420 

41 

327 

6,000

13,400

Minimum.

232 

151 

646 

327 

60 

50 

60 

26 

20 

15 

15 

50

15

Mean.

1,540 

1,460 

2,950 

1,500 

1,010 

97.4 

516 

176 

82.5 

24.3 

108 

787

855

Per 

square 

mile.

3.70 

3.51 

7.09 

3.61 

2.43 

.234 

1.24 

.423 

.198 

.058 

.260 

1.89

2.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.27 

3.79 

8.17 

4.03 

2.80 

.26 

1.43 

.49 

.22 

.07 

.29 

2.18

28.00

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description.

WABASH RIVER BASIN. 

WABASH RIVER AT MOUNT CARMEL, ILL.

Location. At Southern Railway bridge at Mount Carmel, 111., 1J miles below 

mouth of White River and immediately below mouth of Patoka River.

Records available. June 16, 1884, to November, 1904, United States Army Engineer Corps; November, 1904, to December 31, 1912, United States Weather 

Bureau.

Drainage area. Published by the United States Weather Bureau as 26,300 square 

miles.

Gage. Staff gage attached to pivot pier of drawspan. Gage datum has remained 

unchanged since it was established in 1884.

Channel. Slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. There are 

numerous overflow openinga in the railroad embankment east of the railroad 

bridge.
WABASH RIVEB BASIN. 77

Floods. Maximum stage published by United States Weather Bureau as 28.3 feet

August 7, 1875. 

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for

a week or so at a time during December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of discharge

to be made for publication. 

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by United States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Wabash River at Mount Carmel, III., in

Date.

Mar. 28

Aug. 13

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

22.40

3.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

134,000

9,590

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wabash River at Mount Carmel, III., for 

[H. M. Phillips, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...... ........

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.9

8.5

8.7

8.2

io.§

12.7

14.4

15.1

15.6

16.3 

16.7

17.0

15.0

14.8

14.2

13.0

Feb.

12.8

12.6

12.3

.......

17.2

18.1

18.3

.......

Mar.

18.9

19.3

19.4

19.4

20.4

20.8

21.0

20.4

18.0

14.4

12.5

11.7

11.7

12.2

15.5

15.6

16.6

17.2

17.8

18.2

18.7

19.3

19.9

20.5

21.1 

21.6

22.1

22.4

22.6

22.7

22.6

Apr.

22.5

22.3

22.4

22.5

22.7

23.0

23.2

23.2

23.0

22.8

22.2

21.0

19.7

17.2

14.8

12.4

11.8

11.6

11.9

11.9

12.3

12.5

12.5

11.9

11.1 

10.7

13.3

15.4

15.6

16.5

May.

17.2

17.6

17 Q

18.1

18.2

18.1

17.7

17.1

16.2

15.0

13.2

12.8

13.6

14.8

15.2

15.5

16.4

17.1

17.3

17.0

16.5

15.9

15.4

14.2

12.2 

9.6

7.9

7.1

7.2

7.8

7.2

June.

6.8

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.3

4.3

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.9

6.0

5.8

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.7

3.5

July.

3.3

3.3

3.3

5.0

8.0

9.3

8.2

7.0

6.0

6.5

7.5

8.2

7.9

7.8

7.8

9.8

10.9

10.4

9.5

8.3

7.8

7.7

8.6

8.8

7.8 

6.7

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.1

4.7

Aug.

4.2

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.4

5.7

5.8

5.3

4.9

5.3

6.0

8.2

9.6

10.0 

9.3

8.1

6.6

5.3

5.1

5.0

Sept.

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.3

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3 

3.6

5.2

4.8

4.7

4.6

Oct.

4.4

4.2

4.1

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.8

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Nov.

2.2

2.2

2.9

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

Dec.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.3

2

t)

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

NOTE. River reported "frozen" Jan. 5-19 and Feb. 4-26. The Monthly Weather Review for January, 

1912 (published by the United States Department of Agriculture), states: "The Wabash River was frozen 

from the 5th to the 19th, and a threatening gorge formed near Mount Carmel, 111., during the last decade of 

the month, causing flood stages of water and some damage."
78 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

EMBABBASS RIVER NEAR OAKLAND, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge about 2 miles northwest of Oakland, 111., on the

county-line road to Hindsboro and Arcola, in the northeastern part of T. 14 N.,

R. 10 E., about 5 miles below the mouth of Brush Creek. 

Records available. October 23, 1909, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued

December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 535 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. The section is at a pool; measurements to date indicate that the control

has not changed.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. The flood of 1897 reached a height of about 24 feet by the present gage datum. 

Point of zero flow. Not determined. There was no flow past the bridge during

a portion of the summer of 1908. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during portions

of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

July 26, 1912: Gage height, 2.88 feet; discharge, 58 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1912. 

[Paul McDaniels, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.6

5.4

5.4

4.9

4.9

5.1

5.0

o5.1

o5.2

oS.l

a 5.1

oS.l

5.0

a 5.0

4.9

4.0

4.4

6.6

9.0

11.0

13.0

10.7

7.6

8.6

8.8

8.2

8.0

a 7. 5

a 6.0

4.6

Feb.

»4.6

»4.6

04.6

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.4

6.0

8.8

9.5

8.4

7.1

6.5

5.4

7.0

13.0

16-0

17.2

15.3

Mar.

10.8

8.4

7.0

6.0

5.7

5.2

5.3

5.0

5.3

5.0

4.1

4.7

6.2

12.8

14.2

15.5

14.8

14.6

14.4

14.2

13.6

12.0

12.6

12.4

12.3

13.0

14.0

14.6

13.8

13.0

Apr.

12.0

11.3

11.0

10.8

10.4

9

n

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.4

6 Q

6.4

6.0

6.3

6.5

6.4

7 S

8.8

8.0

8.3

9

a

9.4

9.2

8.4

8.4

9.1

10.0

10.2

11.1

10.4

May.

9.3

9.0

8.9

8.6

9.0

9 6

10.4

9.2

8 Q

8.6

8.7

7.0

6.6

6.2

6.0

5.3

5.8

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.7

4.7

4.6

June.

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.7

4.8

5.6

5.0

4.6

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3-5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.5

July.

3.5

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.55

3.3

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.95

3.1

3.2

3.2

Aug.

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.4

4.3

5.6

4.2

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.4

Sept.

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

Oct. Nov.

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

Dec.

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.9

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-Feb. 28, Mar. 7-11. There may 

also have been some effect during December. Observer reported ice from 4 to 8 laches thick during January and from 5 to 9 inches thick during February and reported "some ice in river during most of time in 

December."
WABAJSH EIVEB BASIN. 79 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

456 

416 

416 

316

Feb.

3,700

Mar.

1,860 

1,100 

760 

540

477

376

179 

278 

583 

2,630

3,220 

3,780 

3,480 

3,390 

3,310

3,220 

2,960 

2,300 

2,540 

2,460

2,420 

2,710 

3,140 

3,390 

3,050 

2,710

Ap

2,3

2,0 

1,9 

1,8 

1,7

1,3 

1,0 

9 

8 

8

6 

5

fl 

6

e

8 

1,2 

1,0 

1,0

\,\

U U i,: i,]

U 1J

i;! i/

r.

30 

10 

30 

SO 

20

30

00 

02 

54 

54

37 

27 

40 

05 

49

27 

50 

10 

00 

80

150 

90 

30 

00 

00

00 

80 

.50 

70 

20

May.

1,360 

1,270 

1,240 

1,160 

1,270

1,450 

1,720 

1,330 

1,240 

1,160

1,190 

760 

671 

583 

540

396 

498 

336 

316 

316

297 

278 

316 

297 

260

226 

210 

210 

278 

278 

260

June.

226 

165 

128 

105 

85

85 

85 

61 

61 

76

76 

85 

76 

95 

95

95 

128 

297 

456 

336

260 

165 

140 

140 

116

105 

105 

116. 

116 

105

July.

105 

116 

140

165 

165

179 

165 

165 

140 

128

152 

128 

140 

116 

110

85 

61 

68 

61 

55

55 

55 

52 

52 

52

52 

52 

58 

68

76 

76

Aug.

61 

61 

68 

61 

55

49 

55 

68 

68 

61

61 

55 

49 

49 

43

43 

37 

43 

49 

95

210 

456 

194 

95 

61

55 

49 

49 

32

32 

27

Sept.

27 

22 

32 

32

27

27 

22 

22 

27 

27

27 

27 

27 

22 

22

22 

17

22

27 

27

27 

32 

32 

27 

22

17 

17 

17 

17 

10

Oct. Nov.

o5 

o5 

10 

13 

22

22 

27 

32 

32 

22

17 

13 

10 

9 

8

8 

8 

6 

6

7

6 

5 

5 

5 

5

4 

4 

3.5 

3 

3

Dec.

10 

10 

10

8 

9

9

8

7 

7 

7

6 

6 

6 

6 

6

6 

8 

8 

8 

8

8 

8 

8 

8 

9

9 

9 

8 

7 

7 

8

Estimated.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 22 and 

1,450 second-feet (gage heights 2.3 and 9.6 fe it). Daily discharge Jan. 3 to 7 estimated, because of ice, from 

climatologic records and run-off in adjacent drainage areas.

Discharge Jan. 5-Feb. 28 and Mar. 7-11 Estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, daily gage 

heights, observer's notes, and discharge of ^djaoent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 5-31, 340 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-28, 320 second-feet; Mar. 7-11, 250 sscond-feet.

These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have 

been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution. Possibly 

also slight ice effect during December.

Monthly discharge of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 535 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

Marnh -

May....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

November ..............................

li

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,780

2,300 

1,720 

456 

179 

456 

32

32 

10

Minimum.

540 

210 

61 

52 

27 

10

3

6

Mean.

348 

437 

1,870 

1,250 

701 

139 

99.7 

77.1 

24.1

10.8 

7.8

Per 

square 

mile.

0.650 

.817 

3.50 

2.34 

1.31 

.260 

.186 

.144 

.045

.020 

.015

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.75 

.88 

4.04 

2.61 

1.51 

.29 

.21 

.17 

.05

.02 

.02

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

EMBARRASS RIVER AT STE. MARIE, ILL., 1911.

Location. At highway bridge at the north end of Main Street, Ste. Marie, 111., about 

150 yards downstream from the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway bridge 

and 2J miles upstream from the mouth of Hickory (or North Fork) Creek.

Records available. October 20, 1909, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued 

December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,540 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting; section is at a pool, and measurements to date indicate that 

the point of control has remained unchanged.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of highway bridge at 

ordinary stages, and during high water made also from the downstream side of 

five wooden trestles on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway northwest 

of the highway bridge.

Floods. The flood of the spring of 1908 reached a height of 22.5 feet by the present 

gage datum.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice during

portions of December, January, and February. 

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: August 17, 1912:

Gage height, 4.43 feet; discharge, 420 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Embarrass River at Ste. Marie, III., for 1912. 

[Val. C. Wuerth, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

S. ..............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17............... 

18...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

OO

24...............

OC

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

9Q

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.5

7.2

6.2

5.8

6.2 

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

6.2 

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.4

.......

14.1

12.5

11.6

11.4

10.6

9.5

9.4

9.0

8.3

7.3

6.7

Feb.

6.2

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.4 

4.4

4.4 

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.3 

4.3

5.0

9.0

7.7

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.2

15.6

17.6

18.2

18.1

Mar.

17.1

16.3

15.3

11.1

8.0

7.2

6.8

6.4

6.2

6.0

6.2

6.3

7.7

13.3

16.7

17.7

18.0

17.8

17.6

17.7

18.0

18.0

18.0

17.9

17 1

16.7

17.0

17.5

18.2

18.4

18.4

Apr.

17.9

17.2

18.1

18.1

17.2

15.7

13.7

12.0

10.6

9.6 

9.0

8.3 

10.5

11.0

8 Q

7.6

7.7 

11.5

10.5

8.8

9.0

9 A

7.6

6.9

7.0

6.0

16.4

16.7

16.8

17.4

May.

17.2

16.2

15 d.

15.0

14.2 

12.3

13.2

11.9

11.1

9.9 

9.0

10.0 

10.9

10.0

8.8

11.4

10.5 

9.8

8.0

7.3

6.9

6.4

5.9

5 7

5.7

5.4

5.4

6.3

5.7

i i

June.

5.4

5.3

8.2

5.8

5.3 

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.1 

4.0

4.0 

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.2

5.2

5.7

S

O

A %

6.5

6.4

5.3

5.0

4.6

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.6

July.

3.6

5.0

7.2

12.2

11.8 

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.5 

6.3

13.3

7.2

6.4

13.2

14.4

14.0 

10.1

in 9,

7.2

6.3

5.6

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.5

4.2

3.9

4.2

5.4

4.0

Aug.

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.4

3.3

4.1

8.4

4.4

5.4

5.8

Q 1

5.2

4.2 

4.3

A tj

4.7

9.4

9.4

6.5

6.7

5.6

5.0

4.5

4.2

3.9

4.2

3.8

Sept.

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0 

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5 

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

Oct.

2.3

2.3

.......

.......

Nov.

2.7

3.3

3.6

3.2

2.9 

2.6

2.7

2.7

3.1

3.1 

3.0

3.0 

3.0

4.0

3.2

2.9

2.8 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

Dec.

2

0

2.3

2

0

2.3

2.5 

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2 A

2.3

2.2 

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

NOTE. Gage heights Jan. 7,8, and 9, and Jan. 21-Feb. 16 to top of ice. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4-Feb. 17 and Dec. 11-29. Observer reported ice to be from 3 to 6 inches 

in thickness during January.
WABASH RIVER BASIN. 81 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Embarrass River at Ste, Marie, III., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2..........\....

3.... ...........

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8. ..............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,720

1,340

893

Feb.

403

555

1,900

1,420

992

926

959

893

4,590

5,410

5,650

5,610

Mar.

5,200

4,870

4,460

2,740

1,530

1,240

1,100

959

893

830

893

926

1,420

3,640

5,040

5,450

5,570

5,490

5,410

5,450

5,570

5,570

5,570

5,530

5,280

5,040

5,160

5,360

5,650

5,730

5,730

Apr.

5,530

5,240

5,610

5,610

5,240

4,630

3,810

3,110

2,540

2,140

1,900

1,640

2,500

2,700

1,870

1,380

1,420

2,900

2,500

1,830

1,900

1,900

1,380

1,130

1,160

830

4,910

5,040

5,080

5,320

May

5,240

4,830

4,500

4,340

4,010

3,230

3,600

3,070

2,740

2 9fifl

1,900

2,300

2 fifift

2,300

1,830

2,860

2,500

2,220

1,530

1,270

1,130

959

926

799

740

740

656

656

926

740

683

June

656

630

I finn

7fiQ

630

532

487

403

403

364

345

345

308

3flR

308

383

604

740

630

992

QQ9

959

630

555

465

383

364

345

308

275

July.

275

555

1 94ft

3 ion

3,030

830

799

711

683

683

926

3,640

1,240

959

3,600

4,090

3 930

2*340

2,420

1,240

926

711

656

579

509

444

383

326

383

656

345

Aug.

308

275

f)AA

944

229

215

202

944

229

QC4

1,680

423

656

7fiO

i am

604

383

403

383

487

2 flfift

2,060

992

1,060

711

555

444

383

326

383

308

Sept.

259

99Q

9/*9

202

190

244

190

169

160

152

152

144

144

136

144

144

152

144

160

152

152

136

136

144

144

136

129

129

129

Oct.

129

19Q

Nov.

160

99Q

O7K

215

170

152

160

160

202

9ft9

10A

ion

ion

345

215

179

169

152

152

152

144

144

144

136

129

129

129

129

129

129

Dec.

1OQ

129

129

144

136

19O

122

199

122

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve poorly defined below 160 

second-feet (gage height 2.7feet); well denned between 169 and 1,870 second-feet (gage heights 2.8 and 8.9 

feet); fairly well defined between 1,900 and 4,750 second-feet (gage heights 9 and 16 feet). Above 4,750 

second-feet (gage height 16.0 feet) curve is extended as a tangent which starts at 2.700 second-feet (gage 

height 11.0 feet).

Discharge, Jan. 4-Feb. 17, and Dec. 11-29, estimated, because of ice, from climatologio records, gage 

heights, observer's notes, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 4-31,900 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-17,300 second-feet; Dec. 11-29,100 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the 

relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data 

and therefore should he used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Embarrass River at 'Ste. Marie, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,540 square miles.]

Month/

April. ...................................

May.....................................

July. .............................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,650

5,730 

5,610 

5,240 

1,600 

4,090 

2,060 

259

345

144

Minimum.

830 

830 

656 

275 

275 

202 

129

129

Mean.

940 

1,190 

3,980 

3,090 

2,200 

557 

1,360 

631 

162

174 

112

Per

square 

mile.

0.610 

.773 

2.58 

2.01 

1.43 

.362 

.883 

.410 

.105

.113 

.073

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.83 

297 

2 24 

1.65 

.40 

1.02 

. .47 

.12

.is

.08

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

29809° WSP 323 14 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HE.

EAST BRANCH OF WHITE RIVER AT SHOALS, IND.

Location. At highway bridge between East and West Shoals, Ind., a short distance 

above the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge.

Records available. June 25, 1903, to July 21, 1906; October 12, 1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 4,900 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. The gage datum was raised 61 

feet on January 1, 1909, to agree with that used by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

Channel. Solid rock; permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height as published by the United States Weather Bureau was 

34.1 feet March 30,1904; flood of March, 1897, said to have been 1 to 1J feet higher.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice during severe 

winters during portions of January and February. In ordinary winters there is 

little if any ice at the station.

Accuracy. This station was not visited during 1912, and the data are published on 

the assumption that no changes have occurred during the year in the gage nor in 

the relation of gage height to discharge. The discharge rating curve used is the 

same as that used for 1911, is based on discharge measurements made during 1909, 

1910, and 1911 and the form of previous curves, reverses at about 3,980 secondfeet (gage height 4.5 feet), is drawn as a tangent above 17,000 second-feet (gage 

height, 11.0 feet), and is fairly well defined.

Cooperation. Gage readings are furnished by the United States Weather Bureau 

part of the year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind., for 1912.

[G. H. Rowe, observer.]

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.8

7.7

8.2

7.6

6.6

5.3

4.4

4.1

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.0

8.4

12.2

11.6

12.1

16.9

12.3

14.0

12.9

9.2

7.9

8.0

8.6

8.8

Feb.

8.9

8.8

7.4

5.3

4.6

4.5

4.0

4.1

4.3

5.1

5.0

4.2

4.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4 q

5.2

6.1

7.2

8.0

7.8

7 9

11.2

18.6

19.1

in A

.......

Mar.

21.5

22.8

23.7

17.4

9.5

6.5

5.7

6.7

7.9

8.8

8.6

8.7

8.9

10.6

13.2

13.2

14.0

14.5

14.2

13.9

14.8

15.0

1C Q

17.6

18.4

18.9

19.0

1Q Q

19 7

19.0

Apr.

18.8

19.4

20.4

18.4

17.2

17.6

15.5

12.8

10.4

8.8

7.6

6.7

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.2

7.6

9 9

10.6

10.1

9.3

8

0

7.5

7.0

6.4

to *i

17.0

17.0

17.2

May.

17.3

15.7

13.9

11.1

10.7

10.1

10.5

9.9

8.5

7.9

12.3

1S.1

14.0

10 7

12.8

13.0

12.8

11.4

10.9

9.3

7.6

6.2

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.7

4.8

June.

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.1

3,9

3.8

3.8

°. 7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

3 A

3.4

3 A

3.4

July.

3.5

3.65

3.55

3.8

4.2

4.15

4.15

5.1

5.7

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.55

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.7

5.3

4.95

4.9

4.75

4.5

4.1

3.65

3.5

3.3

2.7

Aug.

2.75

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.65

2.75

2.8

2.35

2.85

2.95

2.7

3.3

3.6

3.85

5.0

5.8

5.5

4.7

4.2

4.8

5.6

6.4

6.1

5.4

4.9

4.45

4.25

4.15

4.6

4.5

Sept.

4.15

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.35

3.2

3.1

2.9

3.0

3.05

3.15

9 Q

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.45

2.75

2

7K

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.75

3.2

3

1

3.15

3.7

4.1

4.0

0. 7

3.45

Oct.

3.4

3.35

3.05

2.9

2.9

2.9

9 Qfi

2.9

2.7

2.55

2.55

2.65

2.7

2.55

2.8

2 OK

2.7

2.65

2.5

2.95

2.65

2.85

9 Q

2.9

2.65

2.6

9 Q

2.75

2.95

Nov.

3.0

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.95

3 0

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.0

2.95

3.2

2.9

2.85

3 0

2.85

2.95

3.05

3.15

^ n

3 0

3.0

2.9

2 7

2.6

2.95

2.95

2.85

2.6

2.6

Dec.

2.6

2.65

3.1

2.65

2.5

2.6

2.8

*> 7

2.9

3.15

3.15

3

1

2.85

2.55

2.5

2.7

2.9

O K

2.6

2.75

2.8

2.75

9 7

2 6

2.55

2.7

2.75

2.75

9 R

2.65

2.6

NOTE. No record of ice kept by observer, Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice 

about Jan. 7-23 aod Feb. 6-19,
WABASH KIVEE BASIN. 83 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1912.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10. ........

11.........

12.........

13. ........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Jan.

9,250

11,100

12,100

10, 900

8,820

5,910

19,000

21,500

19,800

14,000

11.500

11,700

12,900

13,200

Feb.

13,400

13,200

10,500

8,820

5,910

5,680

7,720

10, 100

11,700

11,300

10,100

17,300

28,400

29,200

29,000

Mar.

32,800

34,700

36,000

34,200

26,600

14,500

8,600

6,830

9,040

11,500

13,200

12,900

13,000

13,400

16,400

20,300

20,300

21,500

22,200

21,800

21,400

22,700

23,000

24,200

26,900

28,100

28,800

29,000

28,800

30,000

29,000

Apr.

28,700

29,600

31,100

32,000

28,100

26,300

26,900

23,800

19,700

16,000

13,200

10,900

9,040

7,940

7,940

7,720

7 Qdft

10,900

14,000

16,400

15,600

14,200

12,300

10,700

9,670

8,380

20,400

26,000

26,000

26,300

May.

26,400

OK Qftft

24,000

21,400

17 200

16,500

15,600

16 200

15' 200

12, 700

11,500

19,000

23,200

21,500

21,000

19,700

20 000

19,700

17,600

16,800

14,200

10,900

7,940

6,370

5,450

4,730

4,230

3,730

4,480

4,480

4,730

June.

5,210

4,230

3,480

3,000

2 con

2.310

2,310

2,100

1,910

1,740

1,740

1,580

1,580

1,580

2,100

2,530

2,310

1 910

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,530

2,100

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

July.

1,740

2,000

1,820

2,310

3 9iA

3,120

3,120

5,450

6,830

5,680

5,210

4,480

4,230

3,980

4,100

4,480

4,480

3,730

3,730

3,980

4,480

5,910

5,090

4,970

4,600

3,980

3,000

2,000

1,740

1,430

740

Aug.

785

QOft

830

74ft.

830

695

785

QQA

465

880

985

74A

1,430

1,910

2,420

5,210

7,060

6,370

4,480

3,240

4,730

6,600

8,380

7,720

6,140

4,970

3,860

3,360

3,120

4,230

3,980

Sept.

3,120

2 7fin

2,100

1,740

I

cnn

1,290

1,160

930

1,040

1,100

1,220

930

830

740

695

535

785

785

930

1,040

1.040

785

1,290

1,160

1,220

2,100

3,000

2,760

2,100

1,660

Oct.

1,580

1,500

1,100

1,100

noft

930

930

985

930

74rt

610

610

695

650

740

610

830

695

740

695

570

985

695

880

930

930

695

650

930

785

985

Nov.

1.040

830

880

930

985

1,040

1,160

1,220

1,290 i run

985

1.290

930

880

1,040

880

985

1,100

1,220

1,040

1,040

1,040

930

740

650

985

985

880

650

650

Dec.

650 CQC

1,160

695

570

650

830

740

930

1,220

1,220

1,160

880

610

570

o740

930

570

650

785

830

785

740

650

610

740

785

785

650

695

650

a Dec. 16 observer reported: "Rise evidently due to gates in dam at Williams."

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 7-23 and Feb. 6-19 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and 

daily gage heights, as follows: Jan. 7-23, 3,500 second-feet; Feb. 6-19, 1,500 second-feet. These estimates 

of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by 

ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution. See also "Accuracy "in 

station description.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 4,900 square miles.]

Month.

May..... ................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

29,200

36,000 

32,000 

26,400 

5,210 

6,830 

8,380 

3,120 

1,580 

1,290 

1,220

36,000

Minimum.

6,830 

7,720 

3,730 

1,580 

740 

465 

535 

570 

650 

570

............

Mean.

7,780 

8,050 

22,000 

17,900 

14,600 

2,220 

3,730 

3,180 

1,410 

859 

977 

780

6,970

Per

square 

mile.

1.59 

1.64 

4.49 

3.65 

2.98 

.453 

.761 

.649 

.288 

.175 

.199 

.159

1.42

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.83 

1.77 

5.18 

4.07 

3.44 

.51 

.88 

.75 

.32 

.20 

.22 

.18

19.35

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description and footnotes to table of daily discharge.
84 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI.

LITTLE WABASH RIVEE NEAE CLAY CITY, ILL.

Location. At the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about 2 miles 

east of Clay City, 111., and about 5 miles above the mouth of Big Muddy Creek.

Records available. October 3, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued 

December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 808 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent. Location of point of control not known.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. The flood of February 8, 1909, reached a height of 23.7 feet on the gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during parts of December, January, and February.

Remarks. The station is at the toe of a horseshoe bend in the river, and the ground 

inside the bend along, the railroad is very low. During high water the Little 

Wabash overflows into Little Muddy Creek and in extreme high water into Big 

Muddy Creek, forming at such times a sheet of water 4 miles wide along the 

railroad; at times, however, because of local storms causing relatively higher 

stages on Little and Big Muddy creeks than on the Little Wabash, the overflow is reversed, that is, from the creeks into the river. The high-water discharge of Little Wabash River at this station can not, therefore, be determined. 

Nine discharge measurements were made at this station during 1909-1912, but 

no estimates of discharge have been published because of the impossibility of 

determining the high-water discharge. There was no overflow at the station at 

the gage height (13.35 feet) of the discharge measurement made August 16, 

1912, and the cross section at the gaging section indicates that there will probably be no flow in the flood channel one-fourth mile east of the main channel 

below gage height, about 15 feet. When the discharge measurement was made 

March 4, 1910, there was a large amount of overflow, but the lowest stage of such 

overflow could not then be determined. At what stage overflow above the 

station occurs can be ascertained only by observation or an examination of the 

intervening topography.

Discharge below the probable stage of overflow may be estimated from the 

records available at the discretion of those using the data. The accuracy of such 

records will be only fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 16, 1912: Gage height, 13.35 feet; discharge, 1,110 second-feet. At the 

time of this discharge measurement all the flow was in the main channel.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Clay City, III., for 1912. 

[Win. F. Davis and J. D. Evans, observers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3. ..............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan. .

11.0

11.8

9.9

9.2

9.2

9.2

8 8

8.6

8.0

7.7

Feb.

9.1

8.8

8.1

7.9

7.25

6.85

6.3

6.15

6.15

6.15

Mar.

19.4

19.0

13.8

10.8

9.1

8.8

8.8

9.2

9.8

Apr.

18.8

18.8

18.9

18.5

18.5

18.1

16.3

12.0

10.3

9.5

May.

18.8

18.5

18.5

17.6

14.5

12.0

10.4

11.6

9.6

8.8

June.

9.0

7.6

9.6

12.2

9.3

8.0

7.2

6.95

6.8

6.6

July.

6.9

6.45

6.5

9.6

18.0

18.0

13.6

10.1

9.2

8.4

Aug.

10.2

8.0

7.4

7.15

7.8

6.75

6.7

6.7

8.8

8.2

Sept.

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

7.2

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.3

Oct.

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

Nov.

6.3

6.5

8.5

8.0

7.8

7.5

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.6

Dec.

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1
WABASH EIVEE BASIN. 85 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Clay City, III., for 1912 Contd.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.............

22.............

23..............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.55

"6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

"6.6

6.6

8.3

13.8

16.8

1Q A

17 fl

15.0

12.0

19 ft

11.6

11.2

11.0

10.0

9

0

9 4

Feb.

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.5

8.0

10.1

11.5

11 n

10.5

9 A

8.7

10 A

18.4

18.6

18.8

Mar.

10.3

11.0

n

o

14 8

18.1

18.5

18.5

18.6

10 »r

18.8

18 9

18.6

18.5

18.5

18.5

1ft Q

n

o

18.4 iae

18.8

19.0

Apr.

8.8

8.6

8.4

15.0

14.0

H o

9 9

9.4

15.5

17.2

H O

12.6

11.4

15.6

11.1

1 Q 1

18.4

18.6

May.

Q ft

9

0

10.0

9 (\

9 A

9 ft

8.4

8.1

9 A

8.5

8 A

7.4

7 1

7.15

7.0

6 95

7.0

7 9

9 0

10.4

9.6

June.

6.5

6.4

6.25

6

0

6.2

6.15

6.2

ft ft

g_ g

8.6

7 ft

7 f\

7.15

7.1

7.05

7

1 E

7.0

6.45

6.5

6.35

July.

8.4

10.0

U o

19 1

14 9

17 9

17 8

18.0

Ifi 9

15.0

11.4

9 9

10.5

10.1

9

0

8.1

7.25

7.1

7.8

13.2

12.1

Aug.

14.0

11.2

9 2

H o

15.8

12.3

11.6

n

o

19 9

10.0

15.2

17 0

18.2

16.6 10 o

8.4

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.1

Sept.

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

>; Q

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

Oct.

>; Q

5.9

1 0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

1 0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

Nov.

6.6

6.6

6.55

6.5

7.8

7 °.

6 Q

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2 6'.2

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.1

6.1

Dec.

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.05

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

a Gage height 7.5 feet to top of ice.

NOTE. Gage heights to top of ice Jan. 4-11. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected 

by ice about Jan. 4-18 and Feb. 4-17. Observer reported ice from 2 to 9 inches thick Jan. 4-17, and from 

5 to 8 inches in thickness Feb. 5-17. Observer reported "rain and thaw cause of rise" on Jan. 19 and "ice 

gone" on Feb. 18. On or about Sept. 30 the gage box was struck by a loose brake rod of a passing train, 

and as a result readings from that date to Dec. 31 may be in error. The gage was repaired by the observer, 

who reports that the gage readings would be only slightly affected because of the accident.

LITTLE WABASH RIVER NEAR GOLDEN GATE, ILL.

Location. At Southern Railway bridge about 1 mile west of Golden Gate, 111.,

and 1 mile below the mouth of Elm Creek. 

Records available. August 17, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued

December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 1,780 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent. Location of control not known. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of the bridge, and*in high

water, also from downstream side of three wooden trestles east of the gaging

station. 

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of about 29.2 feet on the present

gage datum. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. Backwater affects the relation of gage height to discharge at this station

and, although 21 measurements of discharge have been made at this point during

1908-1912, no reliable estimates of discharge can be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 13, 1912: Gage height, 9.41 feet; discharge, 1,250 second-feet.
86 SUBPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, III., for 1912. 

[Ben Chalcraft, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22............... 

23...............

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9.8

10.2

9.9

8.8

7.4

6.7

6.1

5.8 

5.2 

5.0

4.9 

4.8 

4.8

4.6 

4.6

4.6

5.8 

8.4 

11.2

13.8

15.8 

16.1 

16 4

16.6 

16.7

16.4

14.6 

14.0

13.7

11.2

Feb.

8.1

7.8

7.2

6.8

6.4

6.4

5.8

4.6 

3.9 

3.6

3.5 

3.5

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.1

3.8 

4.5 

4.9

5.3

6.2 

9.4 

14.3

16.2 

19.3

16.5

19.1 

20.2

21.6

.......

Mar.

21.8

22.2

22.0

21.4

22.1

22.1

21.8

21.4 

20.2 

18.9

17.5 

15.8 

16.5

17.2 

19.1

19.9

20.5 

20.9 

21.3

22.1

22.7 

23.4 

23.9

24.2 

24.4

24.5

24.4 

24.3

24.5

24.6

Apr.

24.8

25.3

25.6

25.6

25.5

25.3

25.0

24.9 

24.2 

23.6

22.5 

21.2 

19.5

17.8 

14.3

12.1

11.5 

11.1

11.2

11.9 

12.4 

12.0

9.8 

9.4

15.7

19.3 

14.9

18.7 

19.2

May.

20.8

21.2

21.4

21.7

22.4

99 9

21.0 

18.9 

15.7

10.2 

14.3 

8.1

9.2 

9.0

8.6

9,2

9.8

Q fi

7.4

5.6 

5.2 

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.5

5.1 

5.8

7.2

9 7

11.2

June.

11.0

9.3

7.2

6.8

5.4

8.4

6.8

4.3 

3.9

3.8

3.6 

3.1 

3.1

3.1 

3.0

3.2

12.4 

14.8 

10.4

8.2

7.3 

6.4

5.8

3.7 

3.5

3.2

3.8

4.2 

4.3

July.

3.6

2.7

3.4

a 16.1

18.4

24.2

23.8 

23.3 

23.0

22.0 

21.1

17.8

14.4 

10.0

9.1

11.1 

12.2

14.0

14.6 

14.0 

11.3

9.3

7.2

7.5

6.3

4.1

2.9 

8.1

4.8

Aug.

7.9

8.8

7.3

5.1

4.8

4.5

4.4

3.9 

3.4 

3.3

4.3 

6.2 

8.1

8.3 

8.6

9.6

10.7 

9.5

6.8

11.2

11.7 

12.4 

13.3

14.0 

15.9

16.1

16.2 

15.5

12.3

8.8

6.4

Sept.

5.8

4.0

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

2.9

2.9 

2.6 

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.2 

3.6 

3.9

3.0

3.8 

4.1 

3.9

3.5 

3.9

6.0

4.9 

3.6

3.0

2.7

Oct.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.1

.......

.......

.......

2.1

Nov.

3.4

5.2

7.5

7.1

6.8

7.4

8.1

8.0 

7.2 

5.5

5.0

4.8 

5.5

5.0 

4.2

4.0

3.9 

3.6 

3.4

3.2

3.1 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.6 

2.6

Dec.

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.4 

2.3

2.3 

2.3 

2.3

2.2 

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.4 

2.3

2.3

2.2 

2.3 

2.3

2.3 

2.4

2.4

2.3 

2.3

3.4 

3.5

3.4

a Rise of 4.6 feet in one hour reported by observer July 4.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 4-17 and Feb. 4-20. 

Observer reported ice 3 to 3J inches thick from Jan. 5-12 and 5 inches thick on Feb. 14. Snow to a depth 

of 7 inches reported on the ice Jan. 12.

LITTLE WABASH RIVER AT CARMI, ILL;

Location. At highway bridge at northeast edge of Carmi, 111., about one-fourth

mile below the Big Four and Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridges, and about

4J miles below the mouth of Skillet Fork River. 

Records available. October 9, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued

December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 3,090 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent. Location of control not known. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. The following high-water marks have been preserved: 1875, 33.5 feet; about

1895, 34.0 feet; 1897, 34.5 feet; 1898, 36.0 feet; all based on present gage datum.

These gage heights are authentic, but there is a possibility that some of the dates

are erroneous.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow in ordinary winters. 

Accuracy. Backwater exists at this station and reliable estimates of discharge can

not be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 12, 1912: Gage height, 3.50 feet; discharge, 732 second-feet.
WABASH RIVER BASIN. 87

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River at Carmi, III., for 1912. 

[Noah Weigant, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.0

6.9

7.4

7.0

7.0

7.1

6.95

6.20

5.80

5.55

o5.05

4.55

4.45

4.35

4.40

4.40

4.40

5.00

9.45

10.20

11.35

612.5

13.8

14.6

14.7

14.4

14.0

13.3

16.0

14.6

11.8

Feb.

9.4

7.0

5.3

5.7

5.0

4.3

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.65

2.55

9 i

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.3

3.0

3.25

3.45

4.3

5.2

6.5

18.6

20.0

19.4

19.4

Mar.

20.7

21.1

21.3

21.5

21.6

21.8

21.7

21.8

99 ft

91 9

20.1

1Q 4

18.8

18.4

19.6

W K

19.3

19 6

20.2

20.8

21.8

22.7

23.3

24.4

9t> ft

25.4

25.8

9fi 9

27.0

27.4

27.4

Apr.

27.7

28.0

28.4

28.6

28.8

28.8

28.9

28.8

28.6

28.0

27.4

26.7

9<; 7

24.2

22.6

20.7

17.2

14.3

11.2

9

C

8.0

10.4

10.8

8.7

6.4

15.6

20.8

20.5

20.8

21.0

May.

21.4

21.8

99 9

99 %

22.5

22 2

21.6

20.7

19.2

17.0

13 9

10.4

8 A

8 9

8.3

7

Q

7.0

7.4

7 K

7.0

6.6

6

0

5.6

4.8

4.4

3 9

3.3

3 Q

5 A

6 Q

8.2

June.

8.8

7.8

6.5

4.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.05

2.65

2.45

2.3

2.2

2 1

2.1

1.95

2.05

7.0

13.4

14.0

12.3

11.4

in o

10.4

9

0

9 ft

7.8

5.8

4.0

4.0

3.4

July.

2.35

2.35

2.45

11.5

19.2

19.5

20.0

21.0

91 9

20.9

20.5

19.8

18.8

16.5

12.8

7.8

6.2

7 8

7.8

8.0

8.6

8 9

8.5

6.6

4.8

4.1

4.0

3.5

3.25

2.70

2.75

Aug.

4.2

6.2

6.6

5.0

4.4

2 7

2.45

2.3

2

9<i

2.35

2.80

3.0

5.1

5.4

5.0

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.6

6.8

8.4

10.6

10.8

10.0

10.0

9 7

9.5

8.6

7.7

6.0

4.6

Sept.

3.0

2.6

2 A

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2 1

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

1 Q1

2.0

2.05

2.0

2.05

2.2

2.2

2 25

2.3

2.55

2.55

3.05

7.8

5.2

3.4

2 7

2.2

Oct.

1.90

Nov.

2.0

2.5

3.25

4.2

4.2

4.8

5.2

6.1

5.8

5.0

4.2

3.4

3.6

4.2

3.25

3.05

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.05

Dec.

2.0

2.0

2 0

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

3,0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.9S

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

2.0

2.0

Gage height 5.15 feet to top of ice. & Gage height 12.55 feet to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5-22. Gage heights Jan 7-10 and 

12-21 to top of ice.

SKILLET FORK RIVER NEAR WAYNE CITY, ILL.

Location. At Southern Railway bridge 1 mile east of Wayne City, 111., about 4

miles below the mouth of Horse Creek. 

Records available. August 16, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued

December 31,1912. 

Drainage area. 481 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent; rough; remains of rock dam at section. Point of

control at section. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge, and in high

water also from downstream side of wooden railroad trestle about 1 mile east of

main channel. Low-water measurements are made about 600 feet below regular

section by wading or from a boat. 

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 21.8 feet, on March 11,

1909. No records previous to establishment of gage are available. 

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling October 28, 1911, indicates that

there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to about 1.5

feet by the gage datum. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 14, 1912: Gage height, 3 feet; discharge, 54.5 second-feet. This measurement was made by wading at a section just above the bridge.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., for 1912. 

[Geo. A. Johnson and J. C. Taylor, observers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.5

6.3

5.1

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

o2.5

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

4.7

15.7

17.7

15.6

13.2

10.0

8.7

8.1

7.1

6,7

6.3

7.0

6.7

6.1

Feb.

5.2

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

62.25

62.5

2.7

9 ft

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

3.0

3.9

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.6

11.7

19.0

20.0

20.2

19.8

Mar.

1Q ^

16.5

8.2

6.5

% Q

A. K

4.9

5.6

9 7

10.2

10.2

11.0

19 1

13.0

16.4

1Q 7

1O 5

19.5

19.1

16.1

16.6

18.3

17.4

16.0

16.6

17.6

17 %

17.1

19.4

20.0

19.7

Apr.

10 i

15.0

18.9

1Q ft

18.1

11.5

5.9

5.0

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.3

4 0

3.8

3.4

3.2

5.4

5.7

5.2

3.9

3.5

3.1

2.9

2.9

9.9

20.0

20.4

20.2

20.0

May.

16.7

8.6

5.0

Q Q

3

K

3 ft

2 Q

2

n

3.0

2 0

3.3

10 4

9 1

6 9

4.3

* 7

7

0

5.2

3.7

a i

2.9

2.8

2.7

9 ft

2.5

4.1

3.1

3.9

IS 7

13.1

8.5

June.

4.9

3.4

3.4

3 A

9 Q

2

0

9 7

9 7

2.7

2.7

9 7

2.4

9 Q

9 °.

2.3

5.0

T5 1

1O ft

20.0

17 Q

12.6

7.5

3.9

3.0

2.9

2.7

3.0

2.8

2.7

2,6

July.

2

K

4.0

3.4

4.0

5.7

13.2

15.2

12.4

13.9

11.0

11.7

8.6

5.5

3 Q

3

1

8.0

5.6

3.6

3.5

9 7

2.7

5.6

3.0

q n

q 1

2.7

2.6

2.6

3.7

13.7

12.6

Aug.

8 Q

5.2

3.6

2 Q

9 7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.9

2.8

3.2

0 A

9 Q

2.8

3.4

3.5

2.9

2.6

A K

6.0

7.4

7.1

4.8

3.3

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

Sept.

2.4

9 A.

2.4

2

0

2.3

2.6

9 5

2 A

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2

0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.7

3.0 Q n

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

..... .

Oct.

2.4

Nov.

3 1

4 7

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.9

7.3

6.0

3.7

2.8

2.7

o 7

2.6

2 A

9 A.

2.4

3.2

2.8

2.7

9 ft

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

Dec.

2.3

9 A.

2.4

9 A

9 A.

2.5

9 t\

2.4

9 A.

2.4

9 A.

9 A.

2.4

2.45

2.4

2 A

2.4

2.4

2.4

9 A.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2 A

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

Gage height 3.1 feet to top of ice. 6 Gage height 2.7 feet to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 7-18 and Feb. 5-13. Gage heights 

Jan. 8-12,14-17, and Feb. 7, 8, 9, and 12 to top of ice. Ice reported 6 to 6J inches in thickness Jan. 13-17; 

4i inches Feb. 10, and 2 inches Feb. 11. The point of control is at the riffle in the gaging section, which is 

said to practically never freeze.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., for 1912.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6.... ......... .- 

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

is

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

91

99

oq

24...............

25...............

Jan

420

293

' 107

132

118

Q7

2,550

3,710

2,500

1,520

760

559

487

Feb.

205

97

90

fiO

7

13

20

20

27

48

111

132

132

139

160

1,110

Mar.

5,300

2,960

499

313

257

160

182

235

710

796

TQft

Q'yi

1,200

1 460

2,910

5,500

5,300

5,300

4 900

2^750

3,020

4,180

3,500

2,700

3.020

Apr.

4,900

2,220

4,700

4,700

4,010

1 .ftfifi

OK7

ion

146

118

104

76

fiQ

118

104

76

62

220

949

205

111

83

55

41

41

May.

3,080

547 ion

111

83

48

41

41

48

41

69

832

614

283

139

398

205

07

55

41

34

27

20

13

June.

182

76

76

48

41

34

27

27

27

27

27

7

3

3

3

190

2,550

5,400

5,800

3,860

1,340

420

111

48

41

July.

13

118

76

118

242

1,520

1,280

1,770

950

1,110

547

227

111

55

475

235

90

83

27

27

235

48

48

55

Aug.

586

205

90

41

27

27

20

20

20

41

34

62

76

41

34

76

83

41

20

153

265

409

376

174

69

Sept.

7

7

7

3

3

20

13

7

3

3

3

3

3

1

1

1

1

27

48

48

34

20

13

13

13

Oct.

7

Nov.

55

167

62

34

20

41

398

265

97

34

27

27

20

7

7

7

62

34

27

20

20

13

13

13

13

Dec.

3

7

7

7

7

13

13

7

7

7

7

7

7

10

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7
WABASH BIVER BASIN. 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., for

1912 Continued.

Day.

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

376

333

293

365

333

274

Feb.

4,800

5,800

6,000

5,600

Mar.

3,640

3,570

3,310

5,200

5,800

5,500

Apr.

742

5,800

6,220

6,000

5,800

May.

125

55

111

1,700

1,490

535

June.

27

48

34

27

20

July.

27

20

20

97

1,700

1,340

Aug.

34

27

13

13

13

7

Sept.

34

27

20

13

13

Oct. Nov.

13

7

3

3

3

Dec.

7

7

7

7

13

13

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 1 

and 1,180 second-feet (gage heights 2.2 and 12 feet), and poorly defined above 1,180 second-feet (gage height 

12 feet).

Discharge Jan. 7-18 and Feb. 5-13 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, gage heights, 

observer's notes, and discharge of adjacent drainage area, as follows: Jan. 7-18,17 second-feet; Feb. 5-13, 

7 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is 

believed to have been affected by ice are basea on insufficient data and therefore should be used with 

caution.

Monthly discharge of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 481 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July....................................

August.. . ...............................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,710

6,000 

5,800 

6,220 

3,080 

5,800 

2,310 

586 

48

398 

13

Minimum.

160 

41 

13 

3 

13 

7 

1

3 

3

Mean.

501 

850 

2,770 

1,620 

365 

684 

483 

99.9 

13.6

50.4 

7.7

Per

square 

mile.

1.04 

1.77 

5.76 

3.37 

.759 

1.42 

1.00 

.208 

.028

.105 

.016

Run-off 

(depth in 

mches on 

drainage 

area).

1.20 

1.91 

6.64 

3.76 

.88 

1.58 

1.15 

.24 

.03

.12 

.02

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. »B. 

D.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

SKILLET FOEK EIVEE NEAE MILL SHOALS, ILL.

Location. At Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about 1 mile south of

Mill Shoals, 111., and \\ miles below the mouth of Griffin Creek. 

Records available. October 9, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued

December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 912 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent; old piles in bottom affect measurementa at low

stages. Point of control at section. 

Discharge measurements. Made from top of downstream plate girder of bridge

and long wooden trestle approaches at each end. 

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage is 24.4; which occurred

March 14,1909. No available records of floods previous to establishment of gage. 

Point of zero flow. Estimated to be at 1.0 foot gage height, from an examination

of the station at low water. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February. 

Accuracy. Backwater exists at this station and reliable estimates of flow can not

be made, although 18 measurements of discharge were made during 1909-1912.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART in.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 15, 1912: Gage height, 5.50 feet; discharge, 243 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skillet Fork River near Mill Shoals, III., for 191%. 

[John A. Clow, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.4

9.6

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.9

«5.1

5.1

5.1

«5.1

a4.0

a3.8

«3.2

03.2

03.1 

«3.1

3.0

3.0

"5.9

11.4

a!3.8

a 15. 6

16.0

15.9

a 15. 4

14.4

14.3

14.2

13.9

13.5

12.1

Feb.

10.0

7.9

7.0

6.8

5.3

4.5

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

«3.1

3.0

2.9 

3.0

3.1

3.3

4.0

4.1

6.9

7.0

6.8

6.1

7 &

13.7

18.6

19.1

19.8

Mar.

20.6

21.0

21.0

20.7

20.2

19.8

18.7

18.0

17.4

17.2

17.1

17.2

17.6

18.1

18.9 

19 8

20.3

20.8

21.0

21.1

21.4

21.4

21.4

21.6

21.8

21.9

21.9

22.0

22.4

22.5

22.8

Apr.

93 n

23.3

OO A

23.4

23.4

23.2

23.0

22.6

22.2

21.8

21.0

IQ 7

19.5

16.9 

13.6

11.8

9

->

8 9

7.4

6.7

9 ft

6.4

5 Q

4.9

16.9

19.3

20.0

20.7 91 f;

May.

21.8

21.8

21.5

20.7

20.0

19.7

15.4

13.7

10.0

9.7

8.9

7 9

9.3

m &

8.5 

7.9

8.9

7 &

6.4

6.0

4.8

4.0

3.9

3.9

3

$2

3.6

3.2

5 ft

8.7

iq q

June.

12 7

8.3

5.9

5.1

4.8

3.9

3.6

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5 

2.4

14.5

16.7

17.8

18.7

19.3

19.6

19.7

19.1

18.5

13.7

9.0

7 &

6.5

5.1

July.

4.0

4.6

8.5

15.6

17.6

17.4

17.1

17.0

16.5

16.3

16.2

15.8

16.9

16.7

15.3 

14.9

7.9

6.5

4.9

4.0

3.9

(»)

(»)

3.4

3.7

3.9

4.5

10.6

Aug.

11.4

9.7

8.0

6.2

4.0

3.8

3.3

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.8

4.4

4.9

5.1 

4.9

4.1

4.0

3.8

4.6

11.0

11.4

10.7

9.9

7.7

5.1

4.0

3.9

3.0

2.9

2.4

Sept.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

3.5

3.4

3.0

2.5

3.5

7.6

5.9

3.2

2.9

Oct. Nov.

3.4

5.9

6.3

5.5

6.3

7.8

9.4

6.6

6.0

5.5

4.6

4.1

3.6

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

Dec.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

9 4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

« Gage height to top of ice. Gage out of order.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 7-19. and Feb. 7-2C. 

Observer-reported "ice 10 inches thick, Jan. 19," "water along sides, ice thawing Jan. 20."

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 

FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ASHEVILLE, N. C.

Location. At highway bridge known as Smith's Bridge, about 1 mile below the 

Southern Railway station at Asheville, about 2 miles below the mouth of Swannanoa River. Smith's Bridge is one-fourth mile above the new Southern Railway 

bridge and about one-fourth mile below a concrete highway bridge recently 

completed.

Records available. March 19, 1903, to December 31, 1912. The United States 

Weather Bureau has maintained a gage at this point since March 19, 1903, and 

during 1904 a number of discharge measurements were made by the United States 

Geological Survey. Since January 1, 1905, the discharge measurements have 

been continued by the United States Geological Survey and the gage heights have 

been furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

Drainage area. 987 square miles.

Gages. Vertical staff attached to one of the bridge piers, and an auxiliary chain 

gage attached to the bridge in the first panel to the left of the staff gage. The 

staff gage ends at zero and the chain gage is used for readings below zero. Both 

gages are adjusted to the same datum, which has remained unchanged since 

they were established.
TENNESSEE EIVER BASIN".

Channel. Practically permanent; broken by three piers,of the highway bridge.

Bed of river is mostly rock, but is not excessively rough. Current good at all

points.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the highway bridge. 

Floods. The flood of August 31, 1910, reached a height of about 8.8 feet by the gage

datum. Stage of 10.6 "date unknown" reported by the United States 

* Weather Bureau.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow. 

Accuracy. The construction of a new railroad bridge across the river about 1,500 feet

below the gage in 1907-8 caused changes in channel necessitating revision in the

discharge rating curve. The cofferdams caused temporary and variable changes

during 1908, but since the completion of the work comparatively permanent

conditions of flow have been reestablished. 

Cooperation. Gage heights are furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of French Broad River at Ashevilk, N. C., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 27

28

29

Hydrographer.

W.E.HalL...........

.....do.................

.....do......--.---...--

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.28

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,120

9,700

10,200

Date.

Mar. 29

30

Sept. 16

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall..... .......

.....do.................

-....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4

QO

3.87

.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,200

8

QOA

1,690

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.,for 1912.

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

5...............

6...............

7.......-...--..

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15................

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1.5

1.1

.8

.5

.5

.3

.5

.3

.1

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.1

.2

.5

.3

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.1

2.0 

1.3

Feb.

0.7

.4

.2

.2

.1

.1

.2

.2

.1

.1

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

.1

.8

.8

.8

1.0

.8

.9

3.0

2.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.7

2.1

1.5

Mar.

1.2

1.0

.8

.8

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.8

.7

2

0

4.2

3.4

2.4

1.7

1.4

2.2

1.0

1.0

2.0

9 9

1.6

1.4

1.1

4.0

3.9 

3.0

Apr.

2.1

2.4

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.3

i ^

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

.8

1.0

1.0

.8

.7

.7

2.3

1.5

1.1

1.5

1.2

1.3

May.

1.0

.9

.8

.7

1.4

1.4

2.1

2.0

1.6

1.2

1.1

1.8

1.3

1.0

1.1

1.2

.8

.7

.6

.5

.5

.4

.5

.7

1.2

June.

0.4

.4

.7

.8

.7

.4

.8

.6

.4

.3

.3

.3 i <;

.8

.5

.3

.2

.2

.1

.1

.1

.3

.8

1 Q

1.6

.8

.6

.6

July.

0.5

.5

.7

.8

1.4

1

0

.7

.8

1.1

1.0

.8

g

.8

g

1.0

1

O

1.4

1.7

1.1

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.4

.4

.2 

.1

Aug.

0.6

.1

1.5

.7

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.0

- .1

.2

.0

.1

.2

.1

.1

.0

.1

.1

- .2

0

.1

.0

- .1

0

- .2

- .2

Sept.

-0.2

- .3

0

Q

- .4

- .4

- .4

_.._ Q

0

.4

.0

- .1

- .3

- .3

1.4

2.5

1 a

K

1.0

.5

.1

Oct.

0.0

.0

- .1

- .2

- .3

- .2

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

.2

.0

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

 . 2

- .2

- .2

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .4

- .4

Nov.

-0.4

.1

- .1

- .3

Q

1.4

.5

.2

.0

- .1

- .2

- .2

Q

- .3

- .3

- .3

 . 4

- .3

- .3

- .4

- .4

 .4

- .4

Dec.

_ fl q

- .3

.1

- .1

.2

.4

.7

.2

- .1

- .2

- .2

- .2

 *\

0

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .2

- .2

- .2

- .3

- .3 

.6
92 StJEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of French Broad River at AshevilU, N. C., for 1912.

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3--.-....-......

4...............

5--.- ........ ...

6--.. ......... .-

7...............

10...............

11...............

12...... ........ to

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.........--..-.

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29.... ...........

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3,410

2,750

2,320

1,940

i cun

1,820

1,820

1,710

1,710

1 Q4ft

1,710

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,490

1,600

1,940

1,710

1 490

l',4SO

1,490

1,390

1,390

I

OQft

1,490

4,350

Feb.

2,190

1,820

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,600

1 600

1*4Qft

1,490

1,390

1 9Qft

I OQft

1,290 i 9Qft

2,320

2,320

2 Qon

2,600

2,460

6 640

5,430

3,240

3,410

3,590

6 onn

A KKA

3,410

Mar.

2,910

2,600

2 Q9ft

2,320

2,460

2,460

2 flflfl

2 fifift

2

CAft

9 A.fif\

2,320

2 ion

2

QOO

2,190

6,140

9,940

7,690

5,200

3,770

3,240

4,760

2 Ron

2,600

4,350

4,980

3,590

3,240

2

7KA

9,360

9,070

6,640

Apr.

4,550

5,200

4,350

3,770

3,410

3,070

3,070

2 01 ft

2 7 Eft

2 fif\f\

2,460

2 460

2,320

2 ion

2,320

2 fiftft

2 fifift

2,460

2,190

2 190

4 980

3,410

2,750

2,460

2,460

3,410

2,910

May.

2,600

2,320

2

-lQA

3 240

3

OJ.fl

4,550

4 350

3^590

2 Qin

2,750

3 960

3 ft7fl

2 fifin

2,460

2

"7lV\

2,910

2

0 Oft

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,940

1,820

1,820

1,710

1,710

1,710

I

CkAf)

2,190

2,910

2

1 Oft

June.

1,820

1,820

2 10ft

2,320

9 ton

1,820

2,320

2,320

2

ACA

1,820

1,710

1 600

1,710

1,710

3,410

9 S9(1

1,940

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,490

1 4Qft

1,490

1,710

2,320

4,150

3,590

2,060

July.

i cun

1,940

2

QOf|

2 ion

2

QOA

3 9>ifl

2 Qlft

2

Afif\

2 10ft

2,460

2,320

2 7Kft

2

Cflft

2 460

2,320

2,460

2 fiftft

2,910

3,240

3,770

9 7^1

2,600

2,320

2,190

2,060

1,820

1,820

1,710

1,600 i 4Qn

Aug.

2,060

1,820

1,490

3,410

2,190

1,820

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,290

1,600

i <!Qn

1,490

1,710

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,390

1 490

l'490

1,190

1,190

1,490

1,390

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,190

Sept.

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,100

1

1QA

1,820

1,390

1 9QO

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,010

3,240

5,430

3,960

1,940

2,600

I

CkAf)

1,710

1,490

Oct.

1,390

1,390

1,290

i ion

1,100

1,190

i ion

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,100

1,600

1 °.Qfl

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1 190

l',l9Q

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

Nov.

1,010

1,490

1 9Qft

1,100

1,010

1,100

1,600

3,240

1,940

1,600

1,390

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,100

Cioo

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

Dec.

1,100

1,100

1 4Qft

1,290

1,600

1,820

2,190

1,820

1,600

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100

2.060

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 920 and 

10,800 second-feet (gage heights 0.5 and 4.5 feet).

Monthly discharge of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 987 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..............................

April....................................

June ....................................

Julv... ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,350 

6,640 

9,940 

5,200 

4,550 

4,150 

3,770 

3,410 

5,430 

1,600 

3,240 

2,190

9,940

Minimum.

1,390 

1,290 

2,190 

2,190 

1,710 

1,490 

1,490 

1,190 

1,010 

1,010 

1,010 

1,100

1,010

Mean.

1,850 

-2,530 

4,010 

2,990 

2,590 

2,090 

2,390 

1,560 

1,570 

1,160 

1,240 

1,290

2,100

Per 

square 

mile.

1.87 

2.56 

4.06 

3.03 

2.62 

2.12 

2.42 

1.58 

1.59 

1.18 

1.26 

1.31

2.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.16 

2.76 

4.68 

3.38 

3.02 

2.36 

2.79 

1.82 

1.77 

1.36 

1.41 

1.51

29.02

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

TENNESSEE EIVEE AT KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Location. At county highway bridge at Gay Street, in the city of Knoxville, about 

4 miles below the junction of French Broad and Holston rivers.

Records available. January 17, 1899, to December 31, 1912. The United States 

Weather Bureau began river observations February 1, 1883, but the earlier gage-
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 93

height records are not continuous. For a number of years prior to 1899 daily 

gage readings were made for about one-half of the year, including the winter 

season.

Drainage area. 8,990 square miles.

Gage. Vertical gage on one of the county bridge piers; used since January 1, 1909. 

The original gage on a pier of the old bridge at the same site was used prior txJ 

1899. During construction of the new bridge, January 17, 1899, the gage was 

removed to the Knoxville & Augusta Railroad bridge one-half mile downstream. 

Later during the same year a more permanent gage was installed, 1,000 feet still 

farther downstream at a point on the right bank just below the mouth of West 

Knoxville Bayou. This gage was set to read the same as the original gage, having 

its zero point 2.3 feet lower than that of the original gage on account of fall in 

the river. All gage heights for 1899 were adjusted to conform to this gage, and 

it was used continuously until December 31, 1908. The present gage at the 

county bridge reads the same at low stages as the one it supersedes, but the two 

gages do not read the same at higher stages. A relation based on comparative 

readings has been computed by the United States Weather Bureau, and has 

been applied to the discharge rating curve to adapt it to the present gage.

Channel. Wide and relatively shallow, with rough, rocky bottom. Permanency 

of flow will depend upon the permanency of some river improvement wing dams 

below.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge, floor 

of which is about 100 feet above water.

Floods. The flood of March, 1875, reached a height of about 39.0 feet by the gage 

datum (United States Weather Bureau publication).

Point of zero flow. Assuming that the improved boat channels below the station 

are 3.0 feet deep at low water, according to the plan for that portion of the river, 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to about 4.5 

feet by the gage datum.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow.

Accuracy. The discharge rating curve for the present gage is based chiefly on the 

curve for the former gage adjusted according to the relative readings of the two 

gages. Discharge measurements made during 1909 and 1911 (no discharge measurements made during 1912), referred to the present gage, agree TOell with the 

derived curve, but all parts of the curve have not yet been verified by discharge 

measurements. Estimates of discharge are withheld from publication for the 

present. (See Water-Supply Paper 283.)

Cooperation. Gage heights are furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7................

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.7

Feb.

6.0

3.8

3.0

2.5

2.9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

Mar.

4.1

3.3

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.7

3.7

4.5

5

n

7.0

5.1

4.5

4.5

6.5

Apr.

8.9

12.7

17.0

15.9

10.5

6.5

5.1

4.5

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.9

2.5

May.

10.5

7.8

5.4

4.4

4.0

5.0

4.6

4.9

4.7

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.7

June.

2.6

2.2

1.7

1.7

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.4

.9

.8

.9

July.

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.4

3.8

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.2

Aug.

2.4

2.5

1.8

1.7

1.3

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

Sept.

0.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.1

.0

.0

.0

Oct.

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

4

.5

Nov.

0.0

.0

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

.0

1.0

1.9

2.1

1.6

1.1

.9

.7

.7

Dec.

-0.4

- .5

- .5

1.0

1.5

2.5

2.4

2.0

1.4

1.2

1.0

.9

.9

.5

.8
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily gage height, infect, of Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.0

1.1

.8

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.6

3.2

5.6

Feb.

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.5

4.8

7.5

6.5

4.1

3.8

6.0

5.8

Mar.

11.5

12.8

10.0

6.5

4.8

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.4

4.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

8 9

13.8

12.9

Apr.

2.8

3.2

3.7

3.6

3.1

2 Q

2 Q

6.1

6.6

4.8

3.5

3.8

8.0

7.5

11.5

May.

2.5

2.8

4.4

3.5

2.9

2

C

2.4

2.2

2.0

1 o

1.8

1.6

.2.0

2.8

3.1

3.0

June.

2.0

2.4

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

July.

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.5

2.0

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.4

3.3

2.9

2.4

1.8

1.5

1.2

Aug.

1.5

1.4

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.8

2.4

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.6

Sept.

-0.1

.5

.8

.6

.5

.6

.5

1.5

.9

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.4

Oct.

1.0

1.0

.7

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.2

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

Nov.

0.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

~.2

.0

.0

- .1

- .2

- .2

- .2

- .3

O

- .3

Dec.

0.5

- .5

 4

.5

.0

.0

.2

 3

.0

.5

.3

.4

.8

.4

1.4

2.0

TENNESSEE RIVER AT CHATTANOOGA, TENN.

"Location. At Hamilton County highway bridge in the city of Chattanooga, just 

below Chattanooga Island, 4 miles below South Chickamauga Creek and 3 milea 

above Chattanooga Creek.

Records available. January 1, 1879, to December 31, 1912. The United States 

Weather Bureau began observations of gage heights January 1, 1879. Earlier 

records beginning in 1875, when the first gage was established, are fragmentary. 

Discharge measurements were first made by the United States Geological Survey 

in 1897. Gage heights from January 1, 1900, have been published by the United 

States Geological Survey. A number of discharge measurements made by the 

United States Weather Bureau in 1893 have also been published by the United 

States Geological Survey.

Drainage area. 21,400 square miles (published by the United States Weather 

Bureau).

Gage. The present standard gage consists of a sloping iron section (railroad T rail) 

bolted,to rock and a vertical timber attached to the rock cliff on the left bank 

at the foot of Lookout Street, about 200 feet upstream from the bridge. It was 

erected October 31, 1884. The original gage was established in 1875. An automatic recording gage, which makes its record in the Weather Bureau office, has 

been used for several years. There is also a vertical section of brass gage attached 

to the pier nearest the left bank, and recently half-foot graduations have been 

painted on the pipe incasing the recording gage float, to be read from the bridge 

with the aid of a glass. The datum has remained the same for all of the gages.

Channel. Permanent or nearly so, though a portion of the bed is sand. Current 

good.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream footway of bridge; elevation 

. about 100 feet above water.

Floods. The flood of March 11, 1867, reached a height of about 58.0 feet by the gage 

datum (information from United States Weather Bureau).

Point of zero flow. Reports of the United States engineers show that the bottom 

of the excavated boat channel at Ross Towhead, 2£ miles below the gage, is 

about 5 feet lower than gage datum, which indicates that there would be no flow 

past the gage if the stage were to fall to about 5.0 feet.

Winter flow. Ice does not appreciably affect the flow.
TENNESSEE KIVER BASIN". 95

Artificial control. None probably at present. A large dam for lock and power 

plant about 20 miles below will, when completed, raise the water level at Chattanooga, and will entirely destroy the usefulness of the gage heights for estimates 

of flow.

Accuracy. Daily gage heights in the following table are as furnished by the United 

States Weather Bureau and were obtained from the automatic recording gage 

record with corrections based on periodic readings of the gage painted on the float 

pipe. The reading of the automatic recording gage has been checked at various 

times by engineers of the Survey and found to be essentially correct, but on 

November 25, 1911, a discrepancy of 0.5 foot was noted, the automatic recording 

gage reading too high by that amount. The discharge measurements made by 

Survey engineers are referred to the cliff or float pipe gages, to which, therefore, 

the discharge rating curve refers. The accuracy of daily and monthly discharge 

obtained by applying this rating curve to the automatic recording gage record 

is questionable and these discharge values should be used with caution.

Cooperation. The daily gage heights have all been furnished by the United States 

Weather Bureau.

The following discharge measurement was made by means of floats by W. E. Hall: 

March 31, 1912: Gage height, 31.3 feet; discharge, 185,000 second-feet. (Coefficient 

for reducing surface to mean velocity, 0.90.)

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7..'.... .........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.... ...........

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29.......'........

30...............

31...............

Jan.

12.9

13.5

12.1

10.7

9.4

8.2

7.2

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.3

5.8

5.8

4.8

4.6

4.2

4.4

4.9

5.6

5.6

5.9

5.9

5.4

5.1

4.9

5.1

8.8

13.5

Feb.

14.3

14.2

12.6

10.4

7.8

7.3

6.7

5.7

5.5

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

5.5

6.3

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.4

10.9

14.9

15.6

15.1

13.8

14.5

17.6

16.5

Mar.

14.4

12.3

10.3

9.1

8.5

8.4

8.4

9.2

10.2

10.9

12.1

12.5

12.7

12.0

13.8

20.0

23.9

23.8

21.7

17.5

13.2

11.1

9.4

9.1

12.8

15.5

13.7

12.8

20.2

28.5

31.3

Apr.

29.6

26.1

26.3

29.3

30-2

29.2

22.7

14.9

12.4

11.1

10.3

9.5

8.9

8.4

7.9

7.8

8.4

9.4

9 Q

10.0

9 A

8.5

11.7

15.5

14.6

12.1

10.5

14.8

20.3

22.7

May.

25.4

26.0

22.3

16.7

12.9

11.5

10.9

11.7

12.0

11.0

10.1

9.5

8.8

8.3

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.3

7.7

7.7

7.0

6.4

6.0

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.6

7.8

9.8

June.

8.6

7.4

6.6

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.8

5.4

5.3

5.1

4.8

4.5

3.9

3.9

4.3

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.8 '3.6

3.8

4.9

5.5

6.2

6.5

6.8

July.

6.3

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.9

6.2

7.8

7.8

7.6

7.0

6.7

7.9

8.0

7.7

6.8

6.3

6.0

5.7

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.5

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.8

6.0

5.6

5.0

Aug.

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.2

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.1

4.0 ? Q

*? Q

4.0

4.3

4.4

5.2

4.9

4.5

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.4

Sept.

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.7

2.7

3.8

4.5

6.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.4

Oct.

3.8

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

Nov.

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.7

3.2

3.4

3.3

3.0

2.7

- 2.5

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

3.2

7.0

9.6

10.2

8.5

7.0

5.9

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.9

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

5.2
96 SUEFAOE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., for 1912.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.'.............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31.'.............

Jan.

76,100 

79,800 

71,100 

62,400 

54,400

46. 900 

40. 700 

35,800 

35,200 

35,800

38,900 

37,600 

37,000 

35,200 

32,100

32.100 

26,000 

24,800 

22,500 

23,700

26,600 

30,800 

30,800 

32,700 

32,700

29,600 

27,800 

26,600 

27,800 

50,700 

79,800

Feb.

84,800 

84,100 

74,200 

60.600 

44,500

41,400 

37,600 

31,400 

30,200 

28,400

28,400 

26,600 

26,600 

26,600 

26,000

30,200

35,200 

35,800 

34,500 

33,900

35,800 

63,700 

88,500 

92,800 

89,700

81,700 

86,000 

105,000 

98,400

.......

Mar.

85,400 

72,400 

60,000 

52,500 

48,800

48,200 

48,200 

53,100 

59,300 

63,700

71,100 

73,600 

74,800 

70,500 

81, 700

120,000 

144,000 

144,000 

131,000 

105,000

77,900 

64,900 

54,400 

52,500 

75,500

92,200 

81,000 

75,500 

121,000 

173,000 

190,000

Apr.

180,000 

158,000 

159,000 

178,000 

183,000

177,000 

137,000 

88,500 

73,000 

64,900

60,000 

55,000 

51,300 

48,200 

45,100

44,500 

48,200 

54,400 

57,500 

58,100

51,900 

48,800 

68,600 

92,200 

86,600

71,100 

61,200 

87,900 

122,000 

137,000

May.

154,000 

157,000 

134,000 

99,600 

76,100

67,400 

63,700 

68,600 

70,500 

64,300

58,700 

55,000 

50,700 

47,600 

44,500

42,600 

42,000 

41,400 

41,400 

43,800

43,800 

39,500 

35,800 

33,300 

31,400

30,200 

29,600 

28,400 

30,800 

44,500 

56,900

June.

49,400 

42,000 

37,000 

33,300 

31,400

30,800 

30,800 

32, 100 

29,600 

29,000

27,800 

26,000 

24,300 

20,800 

20,800

23,100 

23,700 

24,800 

26,000 

24,800

23,700 

21,400 

20,300 

19,200 

20,300

26,600 

30,200 

34,500 

36,400 

38,300

July.

35,200 

32,100 

31,400 

30,800 

32,700

34,500 

44,500 

44,500 

43,200 

39,500

37,600 

45, 100 

45,700 

43,800 

38,300

35,200 

33,300 

31,400 

28,400 

28,400

29,600 

30,200 

33,300 

33,300 

30,800

30,200 

29,600 

32, 100 

33,300 

30,800 

27,200

Aug.

26,000 

26,000 

26,000 

28,400 

24,300

23,100 

22,500 

22,500 

22,500 

22,000

22,000 

22,000 

21,400 

20,300 

19,200

19,200 

20,300 

22,000 

21,400 

20,800

20,800 

21,400 

23,100 

23,700 

28,400

26,600 

24,300 

22,000 

20,300 

19,200 

18,100

Sept.

17,600 

16,500 

15,500 

15,000 

14,500

14,000 

14,000 

13,600 

13,600 

13,100

13,100 

13,100 

12,600 

12,100 

12,100

11,700 

11; 200 

11,200 

12,100 

13,100

14,500 

14,500 

20,300 

24,300 

33,900

27,200 

26,600 

26,600 

26,000 

23,700

Oct.

20,300 

18,100 

16,500 

15,000 

14,000

13,600 

13, 100 

12,600 

12,100 

11,700

11,200 

10,800 

10,800 

10,800 

10,800

10,800 

12,100 

13, 100 

13, 100 

13,100

14,500 

15,000 

14,500 

13,100 

12,600

12,100 

11,700 

11,700 

11,200 

11,200 

10,800

Nov.

10,800 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

11,200 

14,500

17,000 

18,100 

17,600 

16,000 

14,500

13,600 

13,600 

12,600 

11,700 

11,700

11,700 

11,200 

11,200 

10,800 

10,800

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

9,900 

9,490

Dec.

9,490 

9,490 

9,490 

9,900 

17,000

39,500 

55,600 

59,300 

48,800 

39,500

32,700 

27,200 

24.300 

21,400 

19,700

18,600 

17,600 

17,600 

17,600 

18,600

18,600 

18, 100 

17,000 

17,000 

18,100

20,800 

22,000 

22,000 

21,400 

21,400 

28,400

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Below 33,300 second-feet 

(gage height 6.0 feet) this curve is the same as that used for 1910-11. the change above 33,300 second-feet 

being based on the results of discharge measurement made Mar. 31, 1912.

Monthly discharge of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 21,400 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July.....................................

October. ......... .*. .....................

The year. .........................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

79,800 

105,000 

190,000 

183,000 

157,000 

49,400 

45,700 

28,400 

33,900 

20,300 

 18, 100 

59,300

190,000

Minimum.

22.500 

26,000 

48,200 

44,500 

28,400 

19,200 

27.200 

18,100 

11,200 

10,800 

9,490 

9,490

9,490

Mean.

40.100 

53,900 

86,000 

91,600 

58,900 

28,600 

34,700 

22,600 

16,900 

13,000 

12,000 

23,800

40, 100

Per

square 

mile.

1.87 

2.52 

4.02 

4.28 

2.75 

1.34 

1.62 

1.06 

.790 

.607 

.561 

1.11

1.87

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.16

2.72 

4.64 

4.78 

3.17 

1.50 

1.87 

1.22 

.88 

.70 

.63 

1.28

25.55

Accu 

racy.o

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

See "Accuracy " in station description.
TENNESSEE EITEB BASIN.

SOUTH FO&K OF HOLSTON BITER AT BLUFF CITY, TENN.

Location. At highway bridge at Bluff City, Tenn., 300 feet below Virginia & Southwestern Railway bridge, 1 mile below the mouth of Indian Creek, and about 10 

miles above the mouth of Watauga River.

Records available. July 17, 1900, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 828 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to downstream side of bridge pier nearest the right 

bank; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Very irregular in depth and velocity of current; surface height controlled 

by shallow ledge below; probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of the bridge. Also 

made from the railroad bridge 300 feet above, where the section is much better 

except at low stages, when the current there becomes sluggish.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow. A few days the observer has reported 

"Frozen," but this has probably referred to the water at the foot of gage rather 

than in the channel.

Cooperation. Since January 1, 1905, the gage heights have been furnished by the 

United States Weather Bureau.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

June 19, 1912: Gage height, 1.23 feet; discharge, 876 second-feet.

Daily gage "height, in feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.8

1.1

1.2

2.7

2.5

2.2

1.7

.5

.4

.4

.8

.7

.9

4.7

4.2

Feb.

3.1

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.0

4.9

3.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

4.4

3.9

3.1

Mar.

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.8

2 7

2.9

4.2

5.0

3.8

3.2

3.3

4.0

3.9

7.2

4.8

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.3

4.0

3.7

. 3.3

2.9

6.1

6.3

4.3

Apr.

3.6

6.4

8.1

5.0

4.0

3.4

3.0

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

4.2

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 4

2.3

2.2

3.0

2.7

2 4

2.2

2.1

4.0

3.2

3.9

May.

3.4

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.4

2r2

2.7

3.7

3.5

2.9

2.5

2 4

2.2

2.0

1.9

4.1

4.0

3.1

2.6

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.9

2.2

1.9

June.

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

.8

.8

.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.2

July.

1.3

1.5

2.3

1.9

2.5

2.8

2.3

1.8

1.6

1.5

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

LI

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.8

1.4

1.0

1.0

.9

1.2

Aug.

1.3

1.6

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.0

.8

.8

.9

1.1

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.8

1.0

1.2

2.9

2.Q

1.8

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.1

1.0

.9

Sept.

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.8

.8

.6

.5

1.1

.7

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

1.3

1.1

.8

.5

.7

1.7

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.6

Oct.

0.6

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.4

.7

.7

.5

.4

.6

.6

.5

.4

.5

.6

 .5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

Nov.

0.4

.5

.4

.3

.3

.3

.5

1.6

1.3

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.5

.4

.4

.3

Dec.

0.3

.4

.4

.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

Q

.8

.7

.5

.3

.3

.4

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

,4

,4

.6

.6

.5

.3

.5

.6

.9

2.4

29809° WSP 323 14
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for

Bay.

1. ...... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13...............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

51..............

Jan.

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,280

1,100

1,190

1,250

1,310

1,380

1,280

940

860

785

650

590

530

530

715

785

2,250

2,010

1,680

1,190

1,020

940

940

1,280

1,190

1,380

5,260 

4,390

Feb.

2,760

2,010

1,680

1 480 ijioo

1,190

1,280

1,280

1,100

1,020

QAA

940

860

785

785

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,480

5,620

3,610

2,370

2,500

2,370

4,730

3,910

2,760

Mar.

2,010

1,790

1,580

1,580

1,680

2,370

2,250

2,500

4,390

5,800

3,760

2,900

3,040

4,060

3,910

10,600

5,440

3,760

2,900

2

O7A

2,130

2,010

1,790

1,790

4,060

3,610

3 040

2*500

8,050

8,490 

4,560

Apr.

3,460

8,720

10 7fiA

5,800

4,060

3 1 an

2,630

2,900

2,370

2 1O A

2,010

1 Qftfi

1,680

1,580

1 4&n

4,390

2,370

2,370

2,250

1 QAA

1,790

1,680

2,630

2,250

I onn

1,680

1,580

4,060

2 QAA

3,910

May.

3,180

O KAft

2

1OA

2,130

1

0AA

1,680

2 OKA

3,610

3

00ft

2

CAA

2,010

1,900

1,680

1 480

1^380

4,220

4,060

2 7flA

2,130

1 680

1 i',m480

1 OQA

1,190

1,100

1,020

QAfl

940

1,380

1,680 

1,380

June.

1,100

940

860

860

940

QJA

OflA

785

650

fiKft

KQA

590

650

860

650

fiRn

785

715

650

530

KOA

"t^ft

71 £

715

71 £

71 *t

1,100

785

July.

860

1,020

1 790

1^380

2,010

2

O7A

1,790

1,280

1,100

1,020

1 480

l'480

1*280

1,020

7QC

650

590

COA

71 1;

*7QC

785 71*;

860

715

ftAA

1,280

940

650

650

590

785

Aug.

860

1,100

7QC

785 tun

785

650

KQA

530 f&n

71 *t

KQA

590

KQrt

COA

530 A.7%

COA

650

*7Qe

2,500

1 480

1* 9SJA

1,020

7QE

71 ^

940

71 c

650

590 

590

Sept.

650

530

A.7%

420

530

530

420

370

715

475

o7A

^7A

325

OOK

325

<W«

285

285

860

71 K

530

Q7A

475

1,190

ftfiA

650

*MA

530

J7K

420

Oct.

420

370 °.7A

370

325

325

325

325

325

285

285

285

285

ooc

J.7H

475

370

325

420

420

370

325

370

420

O7A

325

325

325

ooc

325 

325

Nov.

325

v/n

w;

285

285

285

vrn

1.100

860

650

530

475

420

475

475

420

420

420

420

Q7A

370

Q7A

W7CI

325

OOK

^91

*>7A

^9^

^p;

285

Dec.

285

325

ooc

420

1,020

1,020 tun

785

CErt

590

530

475

370

285

235

325

420

420

420

07A

370

ooe

325

420

420

370

OQfi

370

420

590 

1,900

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 3,320 second-feet (gage 

iieight 3.5 feet).

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 828 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,260 

5,620 

10,600 

12,700 

4,220 

1,100 

2,370 

2,500 

1,190 

475 

1,100 

1,900

12,700

MftiftrmTn530 

785 

1,580 

1,480 

940 

530 

530 

475 

285 

285 

285 

285

285

Mean.

1,380 

1,860 

3,570 

3,140 

2,010 

765 

1,060 

800 

513 

352 

422 

518

1,370

Per

square 

mile.

1.67 

2.25 

4.31 

3.79 

2.43 

.924 

1.28 

.966 

.620 

.425 

.510 

.626

1.65

Run-off 

depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

1.92 

2.43 

4.97 

4.23 

2.80 

1.03 

1.48 

1.11 

.69 

.49 

.57 

.72

22.44

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

HOLSTON RIVER NEAR ROGERSVILLE, TENN.

Location. At Virginia & Southwestern Railway bridge near Austins Mill, a small 

railroad station, and 3 miles south of Rogersville. Station 150 feet below the 

mouth of Honeycut Creek and about 2 miles below Dodson Creek, both small 

streams from the south.

Records available. March 10,1902, to December 31, 1912. Gage heights furnished 

by United States Weather Bureau. Discharge measurements were begun in
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

Daily disckarffe, in second-feet, of Eolston River near Rogersville, Tenn.,for 1912.

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

Jan.

5,930

5,630

5,050

4,500

3,970

2,780

2,350

2,350

3,000

3,000

2,780

2,780

2,350

1,950

1 QW

1,950

1,950

1,950

2,780

3,470

5,930

5,050

3,970

3,230

3,000

2,780

2 7sn

3,000

4,500

10,600 

16,200

Feb.

9,850

6,840

5,630

4,230

3,970

3,000

3,000

3,000

3,000

2,780

2,780

2 7sn

2 7sn

2,560 *> ^*in

3,000

3,230

3,230

3 9w

3,230

5,050

11,000

14,600

8,120

7 1VI

7 1W

8 460

11^400

8,800

Mar.

6,840

5,630

4,770

4,770

5,050

6,530

7,150

7,150

9,850

16,600

13,000

9

AQf\

9,850

14 600

14J,600

25,800

24 200

19 fiftn

9 4Qfl

8,120

7,150

5,930

5,630

5,930

7 7Qrt

10,600

9 14(1

7 1WI

17 000

3l)oOO 

17 

' 400

Apr.

11,400

24,200

48,200

27,000

14,600

10,600

9,140

8,460

7,790

6,840

6,530

E QOA

5 340

4,770

4,770

5,050

8

QAA

7 1*A

7,150

A 9w

5,340

5,050

8,460

8,460

6,530

5 con

6,530

12,200

12 600

17,000

May.

14,200

10,600

8,120

7,150

7,150

6,530

5,930

7,150

7 7Qfl

6,840

5,930

5,050

4,770

4,770

4,230

4,230

11,000

9 850

7*, 150

5,930

5,050

3,970

3,470

3,470

3,470

3 93ft

3

OQA

2,780

3,720

4,770 

4,770

June.

3,720

3,000

2,780

2,780

2,780

2,780

2,560

2,780

2,560

2,350

2,150

2,150

1,950

1,760

1,760

3,970

3,720

2 7sn

2,780

2,780

2,560

2,350

1,950

2,350

2,560

9 Wl

2

Eftfl

2,780

3,230

2,780

July.

2,350

2,780

2,780

3,720

3,970

5,630

5,050

4,230

3,000

3,230

4,500

4,770

3,970

3,470

S ftftft

2,780

2,350

2,150

1,950

2,780

3,720

3,720

3,470

3,470

7,790

4,230

4,770

3,470

3,000

2,350 

2,150

Aug.

2,560

2,560

2,780

2,350

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,950

2,350

1,950

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,950

1,570

1,570

2,350

2,780

5,340

3,970

3,230

3,470

2,780

2,350

2,150

1,760

1,760 

1,950

Sept.

1,760

1,760

1,570

1,570

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,760

1,570

1,390

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,760

1,950

1,950

1,570

2,150

2,350

3,230

2,560

1,950

1,760

1,760

1 760

Oct.

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,390

1,760

1,760

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,390

1,570

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210 

1,210

Nov.

1,030

1,210

1,210

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,210

2,350

3,720

2,780

1,950

1,570

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,570

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,210

1,210

Dec.

1,030

1,030

1/VllO

1,950

3,230

4,500

3,470

2,780

2,150

2,150

1,950

1,760

1,760

1,570

1,570

1,210

1,210

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,390

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,390

1,390

2,560 

4,776

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well deflned between 1,030 and 12,600 

second-ieet (gageheights, 1.5 and 5.5 feet), and assumed a tangent above 10,600 second-feet (gage height, 

5.0 feet). See "Accuracy," in station description.

Monthly discharge of Eolston River near Rogersvilk, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,060 square miles.]

Month.

January .................................

March...................................

April....................................

Ma.v

July....................................

December.. . ...........................

The year. ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

16,200 

14,600 

31,000 

48,200 

14,200 

3,970 

7,790 

5,340 

3,230 

1,760 

3,720 

4,770

48,200

Minimum.

1,950 

2,350 

4,770 

4,770 

2,780 

1,760 

1.950 

1,570 

1,210 

1,210 

1,030 

1,030

1,030

Mean.

3,980 

5,390 

11,000 

10,600 

6,010 

2,650 

3,570 

2,320 

1,700 

1,360 

1,410 

1,850

4,320

Per 

square 

mile.

1.30 

1.76 

3.59 

3.46 

1.96 

.866 

1.17 

.758 

.556 

.444 

.461 

.605

1.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

1.90 

4.14 

3.86 

2.26 

.97 

1.35 

.87 

.62 

.51 

.51 

.70

19.19

Accuracy .«

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

See "Accuracy" in station description.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 99

1904 by the United States Geological Survey. No gage heights or estimates 

of flow have been published by the United States Geological Survey prior to 

January 1,1904, but it is thought that the 1904 discharge rating curve is applicable 

to the United States Weather Bureau gage heights back to the beginning.

Drainage area. 3,060 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to downstream side of bridge pier nearest the right 

bank; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent; section good for measurements.

Discharge measurements. Made from top of the high-decked steel railroad 

bridge. A new highway bridge has recently been built half a mile above. The 

section at the new bridge appears to be good for measurements, and if it proves 

so it will be the regular place for future measurements.

Floods. The flood of January 23 and 24, 1906, reached a maximum height of 17.5 

feet by the gage datum. The stage was 15.0 feet on the morning of January 24.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow to any considerable extent.

Accuracy. Discharge measurements made November 28, 1911, and June 21, 1912, 

indicate a change in the relation of gage height to discharge as expressed by the 

discharge rating curve used from 1906 to 1910. The last previous discharge 

measurement was made March 16,1909. Estimates of discharge for 1911 and 1912 

are based on a new rating curve. Published estimates of discharge for 1910 

should be used with caution as noted in the last paragraph of the description of 

this station in Water-Supply Paper 283. The change may be due to some change 

in the gage when the bridge was reconstructed" during 1910, but this probably 

does not affect the 1911 or 1912 data.

Cooperation. The United States Weather Bureau has maintained the gage and

furnished all the gage-height records.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

June 21,1912: Gage height, 2.12 feet; discharge, 2,130 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn. t for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

,9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.7

3.6

3.3

2 9

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

3.1

5.0 

6.4

Feb.

4.8

3.9

3.5

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.6

3.3

5.1

6.0

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.4

5.2

4.5

Mar.

3.9

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.8

6.5

5.6

4.7

4.8

6.0

6.0

8.8

8.4

5.5 

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.6

4.2

5.0

4.6

4.0

6.6

10.1 

6.7

Apr.

5.2

8.4

14.4

9.1

6.0

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.3

4.5

4.0 

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.3

4.4

4.4

3.8

3.5

3.8

5.4

5.5

6.6

May.

5.9

5.0

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.6

4.0

4.2

3.9

3.6

3.3

3:2

3.2

3.0

3.0

5.1

4.S 

4.0

3.6

3.3

2.9

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.8

3.2 

3.2

June.

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2

0

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.6

2.4

July.

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.8

2.9

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.5

2.6

3.1

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1 

2.0

2.4

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

4.2

3 A

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.2 

2.1

Aug.

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.4

3.4

2.9

2

0

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

1.9

1.9 

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.1

2 9

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

Oct.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

Nov.

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

2.2

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7.

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

Dec.

1.5

1.5

1.6

2.0

2.6

3.1

2.7

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

2.3 

3.2
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

DOE RIVER AT VALLEY FORGE, TENN.

Location. At Eastern; Tennessee & Western North Carolina Railroad bridge at

Valley Forge, about 4 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available. December 11, 1911, to December 31,1912. 

Drainage area. 132 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. 

Channel. Bottom sandy, may shift. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the upstream side of the bridge or by

wading at a section about 40 feet above the bridge. The direction of the current

makes a decided angle with the bridge. 

 Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling on September 9, 1912, indicated

that there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to a stage of

about 0.1 foot. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge for short periods,

but only during unusually severe winters. 

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge

to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading by A. H. Horton: 

September 7,1912: Gage height, 1.24 feet; discharge, 82 second-feet.

Daily gage height, infect, of Doe River at Valley Forge, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[W. C. Garrison, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.. .............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

.10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

,24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.66

1.54

1.54

1.48

1.14

1.19

1.40

1.42

1.49

1.35

1.36

1.32

1.30

1 25

1.30

1.00

1.22

1.31

1.60

1.30

1.32

1.26

1.29

1.28

1.30

1.32

1.32

1.30

1.65 

2.10

1.78

Feb.

1.68

1.60

1.35

1.48

1.36

1.42

1.30

1.38

1.33

1.36

1.33

1.33

1.33

1.30

1.40

1.40

1.43

1.48

1.42

1.48

1.98

2.08

1.38

1.73

1.80

2.00

2.13

1.96

2.79

Mar.

1.72

1.62

1.59

1.58

1.69

1.72

1.77

1.85

2.27

2.12

1.99

1.99

2.07

2.07

3.7

3.17

2.67

2.12

1.95

1.91

1.82

1.75

1.72

2.04

2.00

1.90

1.85

1.82

3.37 

2.66

2.21

Apr.

2.18

3.21

2.62

2.28

2.05

1.91

2.01

1.78

1.74

1.70

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.58

1.56

1.56

1.67

1.57

1.55

1.51

1.51

2.15

2.14

i on

1.80

1.71

2.15

2.10

2.52 

2.83

May.

2.37

2. IS

2.24

2.10

2.03

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.87

1.77

1.73

1.72

1.63

1.58

1.64

2.00

1.82

1.73

1.65

1.63

1.58

1.53

1.52

1.44

1.64

1.46

1 4Q

1.89 "i."i»"

1.76

June.

1.63

1.61

1.84

1.63

1.53

1.61

1.57

1.48

1.43

1.41

1.35

1.33

1.33

1.45

2.23

1.95

1.67

1.73

1.63

1.52

1 4Q

1.41

1.45

1.53

1.47

1.42

1 /1Q

1.36

1.32 

1.50

July.

1.52

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.94

1.72

1.50

1.47

1.66

1.64

1.67

1.70

1.58

1.60

1.47

1.42

1.40

1.40

2.50

2.14

1.92

1.99

1.87

1.72

1.96

1.78

1.68

1.59

1.53 

1.50

1.49

Aug.

1.40

1.37

1.45

1.46

1.37

1.33

1.30

1.29

1.29

1.36

1.30

1.26

1.21

1.17

1.21

' 1.21

1.22

1.24

1.32

1.32

1.60

1.65

1.39

1.22

1.22

1.25

1.22

1 10

1.18 

1 28

1.25

Sept.

1.18

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.30

1.19

1.30

1.30

1.24

1.14

1.11

1.10

1.19

1.18

1.16

1.11

1.14

1.15

1.34

1.16

1.10

1.11

1.60

1.45

1.30

1.28

1.45

1.30

1.30 

1.25

Oct.

1.22

1.20

1.16

1.16

1.14

1.14

1.12

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.08

1.10

1.24

1.28

1.15

1.12

1.12

1.20

1.18

1.11

1.11

1.20

1.18

1.10

1.10

1.09

1.10

1.10 

1.10

1.10

Nov.

1.10

1.20

1.12

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.94

1.70

1.42

1.32

1.26

1.21

1.19

1.35

1.24

1.20

1.14

1.18

1.18

1.18

1.16

1.16

1.15

1.15

1.14

1.10

1.06

1.11

1.22

1 1Q

Dec.

1.20

1.34

1.35

1.31

1.34

1.36

1.32

1.26

1 20

1.19

1.22

1.20

1.06

1.15

1.21

1.21

1.16

1.22

1.19

1.01

1 19

1.10

1.10

1 10

.95

1.15

1

0A

1.10

1.25 i,eo

1.52

NOTE. Observer made no report relative to ice.

DOE RIVER AT ELIZABETHTON, TENN,

Location. About 1 mile above mouth of river.

Records available. June 15, 1907, to June 30, 1908; September 8 to December 31,

1912. 

Drainage area. 139 square miles.
TENNESSEE BIVER BASIN. 101

DOE RIVER AT BLEVINS, TENN.

Location. At Eastern Tennessee & Western North Carolina Railroad bridge, onefourth mile west of Blevins, Tenn., 4J miles above the mouth of Little Doe River.

Records available. December 16, 1911, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 62.2 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge.

Channel. Bottom sandy; may shift.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading at 

section about one-fourth mile above bridge.

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling September 10, 1912, indicates 

that there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to a stage of 

about 1.2 feet.

Vinter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge may be occasionally affected 

by ice, but only for short periods during unusually severe winters.

Accuracy. Sufficient data have not been obtained to permit estimates of discharge 

to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading by A. H. Horton: 

September 11, 1912: Gage height, 1.69 feet; discharge, 24.8 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Doe River at Blevins, Tenn., for 1912. 

[C. A. Johnson, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

.a...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19................

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...........

25......... .

26...............

27...............

28....

29....

30.... 

31......... .

Jan.

2.10

2.04

2.02

1.98

1.84

2.10

2.20

2.14

2.11

2.06

«2.10

«2.00

2.00

1.86

2.22

2.16

2.08

2.06

2.05

I

SA

1.86

1.88

1.88

1 84

2.28

2.32 

2.20

Feb.

2.15

2.03

2.06

2.08

2.00

2.10

2.10

2.08

1.96

1 OS

9 ftft

9 ft7

2.13

1 O9

1 95

1.92

1.92

1 <M

1 <M

1 OS

9 Af\

9 9R

2.22

2.18

2.63

2.62

2.22

o on

Mar.

2.06

2.04

2.06

2.06

2.11

2.32

2.22

9 14

2.32

9 IS

2.32

3.75

2.85

2.39

2.29

2.23

2.21

2.17

9 11

2.07

2.35

2.25

2.17

2.15

2.23

3.21

2.69 

2.41

Apr.

2.46

2.93

2.59

2.40

2.27

2.21

2.22

2.13

2.07

9 (fl

2.04

o nt

9 ftl

1 O7

1 98

1 Oft

2.00

2.01

2.02

1.98

1 94

2 34

2.20

o 10

2.06

2.03

O oo

2.28

O R\

3.25

May.

2.46

2.30

2.33

2.24

2.24

2.22

2.25

2.22

2.12

2.10

O Aft

2.04

1 07

1 9&

2

9ft

2.07

2.13

2.03

2.01

1 99

1.97

1.95

1 93

1 91

2.06

1 91

1 90

1 Q*i

2.28

2.05 

1 98

June.

1.93

1.91

2.11

1.97

1.95

1.99

1.97

1.89

1.86

1 87

1

Q9

1 fi3

1 81

1 91

2.20

9 fU

1.91

2.10

1 94

1 ftfc

1 89

1

00

1 Rft

1

OK

1.86

1 84

1 ftQ

1

OQ

1.83

1.86

July.

1.88

1.84

1.87

2.24

2.24

2.06

1.92

2.26

2.16

2 04

9 O1

9 AQ

2.00

O Al

1,89

1.87

1 84

1.89

2.86

2.39

o 97

o «jjA

o -ta

2 f\ry

2.45

O fl

o fVT

1 98

1 Q7

1.97 

1.90

Aug.

1.89

1.87

1.91

1.91

1.84

1.84

1.82

1.80

1.81

1.86

1.82

1.74

1.77

1.78

1.78

1.78

1.78

1.76

1.88

1.86

i CM

1.96

1.88

1 78

1 78

1 78

1 78

1.74

1.72

1.78 

1.76

Sept.

1.72

1.72

1.73

1.71

1.71

1 62

1.73

1.82

1.73

1.72

1.70

1.70

1 88

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.72

1.80

1 81

1.71

1.70

1.70

ft O1

1 Q4

1.85

1.85

1.89

I

ftO

1 ftft

1.78

Oct.

1.74

1.72

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.69

1.70

1.68

1.70

1.81

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.77

1.72

1.66

1.70

1.74

1.67

1.70

1.70

1.69

1.68

1.70

1.68 

1.70

Nov.

1.72

1.72

1.71

1.72

1.69

1.70

2.52

2.06

1.95

1.86

1.83

1.80

1.82

1.87

1.82

1.79

1.78

1.79

1.78

1.74

1.76

1.76

1.75

1.72

1.72

1.74

1.76

1.76

1.72

1.84

Dec.

2.00

1.99

1.88

1.88

1.92

1.92

1.88

1.82

1.79

1.81

1.80

1.75

1.71

1.66

1.64

1.61

1.63

1.75

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.78

1.82

1 80

1.79

1.80

1.92

1 82

1.92

2.28 

1.98

« Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Observer reported ice 1 to 3 inches thick Jan. 11-14; ice broken up, Jan. 13; ice broken up, slush 

ice, Jan. 20. Feb. 29 p. m. to Mar. 4 a. m., gage broken.
TENNESSEE RIVEE BASIN. ioa

Gage. Staff gage attached to tree on right bank.

Channel. Gravel, probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from covered highway bridge about one-half

mile below gage, or by wading. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect relation of gage height to discharge for short periods,

but only during unusually severe winters. 

Artificial control. The operation of a small power plant above the gage may affect

the normal flow of the stream to some extent. 

Accuracy. Gage readings are considered reliable and accurate. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1912.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Doe River near Elizdbethton, Tenn.,for 191%. 

[G. C. Dougherty, observer.]

Day.

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Sept.

0.67

.70

.66

.59

.51

.56

.55

.61

.55

Oct.

0.62

.59

.58

.53

.54

.56

.55

.51

.50

.51

.54

.52

.50

.59

.76

Nov.

0.52

.39

.54

.52

.54

.54

.59

1.05

.82

.69

.65

.64

.59

.69

.66

Dec.

0.58

.59

.61

.60

.68

.75

.61

.65

.64

.59

.61

.58

.41

.51

.55

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Sept.

0.60

.57

.61

.87

.61

.54

.53

.72

.80

.72

.66

.84

.71

.67

.63

Oct.

0.59

.56

,55

.58

.62

.53

.52

.61

.61

.57

.53

.52

.50

.51

.51

.53

Nov.

0.59

.58

.64

.63

.59

.58

.57

.57

.55

.51

.53

.56

.55

.51

.54

Dec.

0.63

.58

.59

.61

.57

.57

.58

.54

.59

.46

.48

.80

.49

.57

.67

.96

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER AT JUDSON, N. C.

Location. At Southern Railway bridge one-fourth mile north of the Southern 

Railway station at Judson, 2J miles below the mouth of Nantahala River, 1 mile 

below Alarka Creek, one-fourth mile below Sawyer Branch, and 3 miles above 

the mouth of Tuckasegee River.

Becords available. June 25,1896, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 675 square miles.

Gage. The present gage is a vertical staff in two sections on right bank 100 feet 

above the bridge. Lower section bolted to rock; upper section on tree. This 

gage superseded the chain gage on the bridge on July 1,1905. The staff gage set 

to read the same as the chain gage at stage 3.0 feet, but owing to slope of water 

surface its datum was raised 0.5 foot. The original gage was first a wire gage, 

but afterward a boxed chain gage was used. Although the continuity of the 

record was interrupted by broken wires and stolen chains the datum of the original 

gage was not changed.

Channel. Rough, rocky bottom; section divided by two piers. Current swift and 

irregular.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of railroad bridge. Some 

recent measurements have been made at a trestle for small flume crossing the 

river about one-fourth mile above the gage, where the section is better.

Winter flow. Not affected by ice.

Accuracy. Relation of gage height to discharge does not appear permanent, probably 

because of moving bowlders at and below the station during floods, when current 

is very swift. The discharge measurement made September 13, 1912, indicates 

material change in the channel and as the available data are not sufficient for the 

development of a new discharge rating curve, estimates of daily and monthly 

discharge are withheld,
104 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET III.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

September 13,1912: Gage height, 3.42 feet; discharge, 915 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.,/w 1912. 

[Miss E. G. Enloe, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5... ...........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.4

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.1

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.7

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

7.5

8.0

6.3

Feb.

5.8

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

5.6

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.5

7 1

7,6

6.4

6.1

6.2

8.6

7.2

6.5

6.2

.......

Mar.

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

6.2

5.8

5.8

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.4

10.4

9 4

7 1

6.6

6.0

5.8

5.6

6.3

7.8

7

0

6.4

6.1

6.0

6.2

12.1

7.8

Apr.

7.6

7.3

6.8

6.4

6.1

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.3

5 A

5.6

5.6

5.3

5.2

5.3

6.6

6 9

6.1

5.7

5.5

6.6

6.7

6.4

7.0

May.

6.5

6.1

5.7

5 0

5.4

5.7

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.9

i 8

A 8

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.7

6.2

5.2

4.7

4.5

June.

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.8

'4 4.51

4.1

4.0

4.0

3 Q

3.8

4.2

4.5

5 7

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.4

July.

4.4

4.4

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.9

5.1

5.8

5.2

4.8

4

Q

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.8

5.0

5.4

5.3

4 Q

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

Aug.

5.2

4.2

4.0

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3 7

3.7

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

1 7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.6

3

K

3.6

3.8

3.6

3 AS

3.4

3.4

Sept.

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.5

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.35

3.3

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.3

3.3

3.2

6.4

4.8

4.0

3 7

4.1

3.8

3 Q

3.8

Oct.

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.45

3.6

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.8

4.2

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.15

Nov.

3.2

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3. 3d

3.6

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.1

Dec.

3.2

3.3

3.6

3.5

4.4

5.1

4.6

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.4

3.*

3.4

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.5

4.8

4.4

LITTLE TENNESSEE BJTEK AT MCGHEE, TENN.

Location. At Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, one-third mile south of 

McGhee and one-half mile below the mouth of Tellico River.

Records available. November 29, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,470 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage on crossties, upstream aide of the railroad bridge, owned by 

United States Weather Bureau. Prior to December 1, 1905, the same gage was 

on the old railroad bridge 1,000 feet below. The present datum is 0.3'foot higher 

than the original datum, allowing for slope in river measured at gage height 

4.0 feet.

Channel. Mostly sand and gravel but practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the railroad bridge.

Floods. The flood of February 22, 1906, reached a height of 22.2 feet by the gage 

datum. The United States Weather Bureau reports a height of 39.0 feet March, 

1867, and 38.5 feet in 1884.

Point of zero flow. Report of the United States Engineers shows the controlling 

ledge below the gage to be about 2.5 feet lower than low water at the gage. Assuming their low water to be the same as lowest records places the point of zero flow 

at about 0.3 foot by the gage datum.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the flow.

Cooperation. Gage-height records furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1912.
TENNESSEE EIVEB BASIN. 105

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn.,for 191%.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

SO...............

31...............

Jan.

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.3

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.0

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.3

10.9

7.2

Feb.

5.7

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.7

4.0

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.2

5.6

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.4

4.9

10.3

6.8

5.8

5.9

6.6

11.5

8.0

6.7

Mar.

5.9

5.5

5.2

5.6

5.0

5.9

5.8

5.6

6.2

6.6

5.7

5.3

6.9

6.0

6.7

12.6

8.6

7.0

6.5

6.5

5.7

5.3

5.3

7.1

8.6

6.7

6.0

5.5

15.0

14.8

9.6

Apr.

8.2

11.3

9.3

7.8

6 0

6.5

6.2

6.6

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.2

5.7

5.3

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.5

11.0

6.8

5.9

5.4

5.9

10.2

7.0

12.1

May.

8.2

6.8

6.4

6.0

6.3

6.3

6.6

6.9

6.5

5.7

5.3

5.1

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.6

5.0

4.9

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.1

4.5

6.6

5.3

June.

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.0

3.9

8.7

8.7

3.6

3.6

4.4

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

8.5

4.0

6.0

4.9

4.2

4.6

4.2

July.

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.3

4 a

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.3

5.1

4.8

5.7

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.6

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.0

3.8

3,7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

Aug.

5.3

4.6

3.8

3.7

4.1

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.5

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.8

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.1

Sept.

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

3.2

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.7 3.2'

2.9

3.9

3.2

2.9

2.8

4.5

6.0

4.0

3.5

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.4

Oct.

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2 7

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.8

3.9

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

Nov.

2.7

2.9

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.7

3.1

4.3

3.7

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

Dec.

2.6

2.6

3.1

3.7

4.2

6.S

5.6

4.

3.9

3.5

3.S

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.7

3.4

3.6

6.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn.t for 1912,

Day.

1... ......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.. .......

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Jan.

10,000

9,720

9,720

9,120

7,350

6,220

6,220

5,410

7,350

6,220

6,220

5,950

5,950

5,410

5,410

4,890

3,890

3,420

4,890

5,410

5,41(1

4,890

4,890

4.630

4,630

4,380

4,380

4,380

6,220

27,400

15,000

Feb.

10,300

8,820

7,640

7,060

6,500

5,680

5,150

4,630

5,410

5,150

5,410

5,410

4,890

4,890

5,950

10,000

8,820

7,640

6,500

6,500

7,930

25,300

13,700

10,600

10,900

13,100

29,500

17,500

13,400

Mar.

10,900

9,720

8,820

10,000

8,220

10,900

10,600

10,000

11,800

13,100

10,300

9,120

10,900

11,200

13,400

33,500

19,500

14,300

12,800

12,800

10,300

9,120

9,120

14,600

19,500

13,400

11,200

9,720

42,600

41,900

22,900

Apr.

18,200

28,800

21,800

16,900

14,000

12,800

11,800

13,100

10,000

9,420

9,420

8,820

8,520

8 220

8,820

10,300

9,120

10,600

9,720

9,120

8,520

9,720

27,700

13,700

10,900

9,420

10,900

24,900

14,300

31,700

May.

18,200

13,700

12,500

11,200

12,200

12,200

13,100

14,000

12,800

10,300

9,120

8,520

8,520

7,930

7,350

7,060

8,220

7,930

6,500

6,500

6,220

5,950

5,680

5,680

5,680

5,410

5,150

5,680

6,780

13,100

9,120

June.

6,220

5,950

5,680

5,410

5,950

5,410

5,410

6,500

5,410

5,150

4,630

4,630

4,380

4,380

6,500

5,950

5,680

5,150

4,630

4,380

4,380

4,130

4,130

4,130

5,410

11,200

7,930

5,950

7,060

5,950

July.

5,680

5,680

5,410

6,220

7,930

8,820

8,220

7,640

6,220

8,520

'7,640

10,300

7,930

7,350

6,780

7,060

5,950

5,950

6,500

6,500

7,060

6,780

6,500

6,500

5,410

4,890

4,630

4,380

4,130

4.130

3,890

Aug.

9,120

7,060

4,890

4,630

5,680

4 630

4*380

3,890

4,130

5,410

4,890

4,630

4,130

3,890

4,630

4,130

4,130

4,890

4,630

4,130

4,130

3,890

4,890

4,130

3,890

3,890

4,130

3,890

3,420

3,200

3,200

Sept.

2,995

2,790

2,790

2,79ft

2,600

3,420

2,790

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

4,630

3,420

2,790

5,150

3,420

2,790

2,600

6,780

11,200

5,410

4,130

5,680

4,890

4,380

3,890

Oct.

3,200

3,200

2,990

2,990

2,790

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,420

3,200

3,650

4,130

3,660

3,200

2,600

2,600

5,150

3,890

3,420

2,990

2,990

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,420

2,420

2,420

Nov.

2,420

2,790

3,420

2,600

2,420

2,420

3,200

6,220

4,630

3,420

2,990

2,990

2,790

2,790

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,420

2,420

2,420

2,420

2,420

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,250

Dec,

2,250

2,250

3,200

4,6%)

5,950

13,700

10,000

6,500

5,150

4,130

4,130

3,890

3,890

3,650

3

Attf\

3,420

3,200

3,420

3,890

3,650

3,200

2,990

2,990

5,150

4,380

3,890

3,650

4,630

3,890

4,380

12,800

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 

1,390 and 1,650 second-feet (gage heights 2 and 2.2 feet), well defined between 1,790 and 8,820 second-feet 

(gage heights 2.3 and 5.2 feet), and fairly well defined between 9,120 and 24,200 second-feet (gage heights 

5.3 and 10 feet).
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

' Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,470 square miles.]

Month.

March... ................................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge hi second-feet.

Maximum.

27,400 

29,500 

42,600 

31,700 

18,200 

11,200 

10,300 

9,120 

11,200 

5,150 

6,220 

13,700

42,600

Minimum.

3,420 

4,630 

8,220 

8,220 

5,150 

4,130 

3,890 

3,200 

2,600 

2,420 

2,250 

2,250

2,250

Mean.

6,930 

9,460 

14,700 

13,700 

9,110 

5,590 

6,470 

4,530 

3,750 

3,000 

2,830 

4,720

7,060

Per 

square 

mile.

2.81 

3.83 

5.95 

5.55 

3.69 

2.26 

2.62 

1.83 

1.52 

1.21 

1.15 

1.91

2.86

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.24 

4.13 

6.86 

6.19 

4.25 

2.52 

3.02 

2.11 

1.70 

1.40 

1.28 

2.20

38.90

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

TUCKASEGEE BIVEB AT BRYSON, N. C.

Location. At highway bridge in the town of Bryson, half a mile below the mouth

of Deep Creek and about 15 miles above the junction of Tuckasegee River with

Little Tennessee River.

Records available. November 7, 1897, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 662 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to the right bank bridge pier; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Permanent, or nearly so, as to relation of gage height to discharge, though

sandy at section.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge. 

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the relation of gage height to discharge. 

Accuracy. Excellent for low and ordinary stages; discharge rating curves not BO

well defined for high stages, depending upon one discharge measurement made

in 1901.

Discharge measurements of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C., in 1912.

Date.

Sept. 13

14

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall. ............................ ................... ............

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.32

1

QO

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

697

681
TENNESSEE BIVEB BASIN. 107

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1912. 

[J. M. Welch, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10........:......

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.9

2.6

2.45

2.2

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.15

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.55

1.8

1.65

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

4.2

3.6

2.7

Feb.

2.3

2.15

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.7

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

3.4

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

4.4

3.8

3.2

2.8

Mar.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.6

2.4

2.45

2.6

2.45

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.3

6.0

4.2

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.7

4.0

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.6

6.4

4.2

3.6

Apr.

3.8

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.25

2.2

3.2

3.9

2.6

2.45

2.4

3.2

2.9

3.4

3.6

May.

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.45

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.9

2.05

3.3

2.4

2.15

June.

2.0

1.9

1.95

2.0

1.95

2.15

2.2

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

2.15

1.95

1.85

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.75

3.2

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

July.

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.15

2.2

2.25

2.9

2.15

2.05

2.8

2.4

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.05

1.95

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.15

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

Aug.

2.4*

1.8

1.9

2.3

2.05

1.75

1.8

1.85

2.05

1.9

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.5

1.75

1.6

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.4

Sept.

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.32

1.30

1.48

1.45

1.32

1.55

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.28

3.5

1.9

1.6

1.85

1.9

1.6

1.55

1.5

Oct.

1.48

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.45

1.35

1.32

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.5

1.55

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.7

1.6

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.32

1.30

1.30

1.28

1.30

1.30

1.45

1.32

Nov.

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.28

1.30

1.6

1.85

1.8

1.55

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.22

1.15

1.20

Dec.

1.20

1.40

1.5

1.65

2.4

2.8

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.38

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.5

1.45

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.45

1 3fl

1.5

1.42

1.40

2.6

2. If

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1912.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.... ...........

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.290

2,520

2,430

1,990

1,580

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,900

1,500

1,420

1,350

1,350

1,200

1,200

995

1,350

1,130

1,660

1,350

1,200

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1.060

995

6,350

4,800

2.900

Feb.

2,160

1,900

1,660

1,660

1,420

1,500

1,350

1,350

1,280

1,350

1,200

1,200

1,130

1,200

1,660

1,660

1,500

1,500

1,350

1,500

4,330

3,290

2,710

2,520

2,520

6,920

5,290

3,900

3,090

Mar.

2,520

2,340

2,340

2,250

2,250

2,710

2,340

2,430

2,710

2,430

2,160

2,340

2,340

2,160

13,200

6,350

4,330

3,900

3,090

2,710

2,710

2,520

2,900

5,800

3,900

3,090

2,900

2,710

15,500

6,350

4,800

Apr.

5,290

5,800

4,800

4,110

3,490

3,090

3,490

3,090

2,710

2,520

2,340

2,340

2,160

2,250

2,160

2,160

2,340

2,520

2,160

2,080

1,990

3,900

5,540

2,710

2,430

2,340

3,900

3,290

4,330

4,800

May.

3,490

3,090

2,710

3,090

3,090

2,900

3,690

3,090

2,710

2,430

2,710

2,520

2,340

2,160

1,990

2,710

1,990

1,820

1,820

1,660

1,580

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,420

1,350

1,500

1,740

4,110

2,340

1,900

June.

1,660

1,500

1,580

1,660

1,580

1,900

1,990

1,580

1,500

1,350

1,280

1,200

1,200

1,900

1,580

1,420

1,200

1,200

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,130

1,280

3,900

1,990

1,660

1,500

1,500

1,500

July.

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,660

1,900

1,990

2,080

3,290

1,900

1,740

3,090

2,340

1,900

1,820

1,660

1,740

1,580

1,820

1,990

1,990

2,160

1,820

1,660

1,500

1,900

1,350

1,200

1,200

1,130

1,130

1,060

Aug.

2,340

1,350

1,500

2,160

1,740

1,280

1,350

1,420

1,740

1,500

1,060

995

1,060

930

1,280

1,060

1,420

1 350

1,200

1,060

995

1,060

1,060

930

870

930

1,060

810

810

870

810

Sept.

755

755

700

755

810

755

755

755

755

700

700

700

722

700

906

870

722

995

700

650

650

680

4,560

1,500

1,060

1,420

1,500

1,060

995

930

Oct.

906

810

810

810

870

755

722

700

700

700

700

650

650

930

995

755

700

700

1,200

1,060

810

755

755

722

700

700

680

700

700

870

722

Nov.

700

700

650

680

700

1,060

1,420

1,350

995

810

755

700

700

700

700

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

600

600

600

620

550

600

Dec.

600

810 Qsn

1,130

2,340

3,090

1,660

1,200

1,060

OOA

930

870

870

788

755

755

755

930

870

755

756

755

810

810

870

' 788

930

834

810

2,710

1,900

NOTE. Dafly discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined below 

3,460 second-feet (gage height, 3.0 feet) and poorly defined above that point.
108 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI.

Monthly discharge of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 662 square mites.]

Month.

February ...............................

March. .................................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

October.................................

November. .............................

The year . . .......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,350 

6,920 

15,500 

5,800 

4,110 

3,900 

3,290 

2,340 

4,560 

1,200 

1,420 

3,090

15,500

Minimum.

995 

1,130 

2,160 

1,990 

1,350 

1,060 

1,060 

810 

650 

650 

550 

600

550

Mean.

1,780 

2,210 

3,870 

3,200 

2,340 

1,540 

1,760 

1,230 

984 

782 

735 

1,100

1,790

Per 

square 

mile.

2.69 

3.34 

5.85 

4.83 

3.53 

2.33 

2.66 

1.86 

1.49 

1.18 

1.11 

1.66

2.70

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.10 

3.60 

6.74 

5.39 

4.07 

2.60 

3.07 

2.14 

1.66 

1.36 

1.24 

1.91

36.88

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge and discussion under "Accuracy" in station description. 

HIWASSEE RIVER AT MURPHY, N. C.

Location. At highway bridge near the Louisville & Nashville Railroad station,

half a mile above the mouth of Valley River. 

Records available. June 26,1896, to August 8,1897; October 19,1897, to December

31,1912.

Drainage area. ilO square miles. 

Gage. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge. Original wire-rope gage

waa near the same point on bridge. Datum unchanged since October 20, 1897.

Record of datum of former gage waa lost when wire rope broke August 8, 1897. 

Channel. Permanent; rough; rock bottom at measuring section. Controlling bar

below is of less permanent nature, being of rock and gravel. Rebuilding railroad

bridge piers 80 feet downstream has also changed channel and relation of gage

height to discharge to some extent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the upstream side of bridge. 

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the relation of gage height to discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

September 12, 1912: Gage height, 5.22 feet; discharge, 345 second-feet.
RIVEB BASIN. 109

Daily gage height, infect, o/Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 1912, 

[Miss WiUte Miagus, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.9

6.45

6.4

6.15

6.0

5.85

5.85

5.8

6.4

6.0

5 Q

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.85

5.6

5.9

5.65

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.55

6.85

7 Q

6.9

Feb.

6.45

6.25

6.05

6.1

5.85

5.95

5.85

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.55

7.1

6.55

6.45

6.4

6.3

6.35

7.4

6.85

6.55

6.6

7.2

7.8

7.1

6.8

Mar.

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.25

6.7

6.4

6.35

6.55

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.3

9 1

8.0

7.2

6.9

6.7

6.55

6.45

6.35

6.3

7.6

7.4

7.8

6.65

6.55

11.7

8.3

9.5

Apr.

7.2

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.55

6.6

6.45

6.4

6.35

6.3

6.25

6.2

6.2

6.55

6.35

6.55

6.25

6.2

6.2

6.4

7.1

6.65

6.45

6.35

6.55

7.0

7.0

7.2

May.

7.8

6.7

6.55

6.45

6.4

6.3

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.05

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.7

6.0

6.05

7.2

6.65

6.2

June.

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.85

5.85

6.0

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.6

6.1

6.0

5.85

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.7

7.0

6.3

6.0

5.9

7.0

6.0

July.

6.0

6.05

6.0

6.35

6.2

6.4

6.35

6.1

6.0

6.3

6.05

6.0

6.0

6.05

9 n

5 9

9.0

9.4

6.7

6.4

6.15

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.7

5.75

5.6

5.6

6.3

Aug.

6.3

5.7

5.65

6.05

5.7

5.6

5.55

5.55

5.7

5.95

5.65

5.55

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.43

5.8

5.5

5.43

5.38

5.5

5.6

5.43

5.38

5.38

5.43

5.38

5.28

5.28

5.28

Sept.

5.28

5.28

5.28

5.23

5.43

5.28

5.28

5.23

5.33

5.23

5.23

5.23

5.25

5.2

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.35

5.2

5.2

5.2

7.9

5.95

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.45

5.45

5.45

Oct.

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.45

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.5

6.1

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.55

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

Nov.

5.3

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.6

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

Dec.

5.25

5.25

5.5

5.35

1 flfi

6.55

6.05

5.8

5.65

5.55

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.35

5.35

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.55

5.85

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,990

1,440

1,380

1,120

975

840

840

795

1,380

975

885

885

840

795

84fl

630

885

670

752

752

710

670

630

630

630

630

590

590

1,920

3,660

1.990

Feb.

1,440

1,220

1,020

1,070

840

930

840

795

752

752

752

710

710

710

1,550

2.280

1,550

1,440

1,380

1,270

1,320

2,760

1,920

1,550

1,610

2,430

3,470

2,280

1,860

Mar.

1,610

1,380

1,270

1,380

1,220

1,730

1,380

1,320

1,550

1,380

1,270

1,270

1,380

1,270

6,170

3,850

2,430

1,990

1,730

1,550

1,440

1,320

1,270

3,110

2,760

3,470

1,670

1,550

12,700

4,450

7.090

Apr.

2,430

2,430

2,130

1,860

1,730

1,610

1,550

1,610

1,440

1,380

1,320

1,270

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,550

1,320

1,550

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,380

2,280

1,670

1,440

1,320

1,550

2,130

2,130

2,430

May.

3,470 i nn

1,550

1,440

1,380

1,270

1,610

1,380

1,270

1,170

1,120

1,170

1,070

975

975

1,070

1,020

885

885

795

795

795

795

752

710

710

975

1,020

2,430

1,670

1.170

June.

975

885

885

795

840

840

(w;

795

752

710

670

630

630

630

1,070

975

840

752

710

710

630

630

590

710

2,130

1,270

975

885

2,130

975

July.

Q7>;

1,020

975

1,320

1,170

1,380

1,320

1,070

975

1,270

1,020

1,170

975

975

1,020

5,950

885

5,950

6,860

1,730

1,380

1,120

975

885

840

795

710

752

630

630

1.270

Aug.

1,270

710

670

1,020

710

630

590

590

710

930

670

590

550

550

550

550

498

795

550

498

461

550

630

498

461

461

498

461

391

391

391

Sept.

391

391

391

356

498

391

391

356

426

356

356

356

370

335

630

475

405

335

440

335

335

335

3,660

930

630

550

630

512

512

512

Got.

475

440

405

405

512

440

405

405

370

370

335

335

335

405

550

405

335

335

550

1,070

630

550

550

475

590

370

405

405

405

370

370

Nov.

405

550

405

405

405

370

630

710

550

512

475

475

440

630

475

440

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

Dec.

370

370

550

440

930

1,550

1,020

795

670

590

550

550

550

475

475

475

440

550

475

475

440

440

440

550

512

512

550

550

550

590

840

NOTE. Dafly discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 270 and 3,290 second-feet 

(gage heights 5.1 and 7.7 feet), above which it is poorly denned.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1012, PART HE.

Monthly discharge of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 410 square miles.]

Month.

March. ......... .. ....

April...... .............................

May....................................

July....................................

October .................................

November ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,660 

3,470 

12,700 

2,430 

3,470 

2.130 

6,860 

1,270 

3,660 

1.070 

710 

1,550

12,700

Minimum.

590 

710 

1,220 

1,170 

710 

590 

630 

391 

335 

335 

370 

370

335

Mean.

1,040 

1,420 

2,510 

1,620 

1,230 

900 

1,550 

607 

553 

452 

443 

589

1,080

Per

square 

mile.

2.54 

3.46 

6.12 

3.95 

3.00 

2.20 

3.78 

1.48 

1.35 

1.10 

1.08 

1.44

2.63

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.93 

3.73 

7.06 

4.41 

3.46 

2.46 

4.36 

1.71 

1.51 

1.27 

1.20 

1.66

35.76

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

HIWASSEE RIVER AT RELIANCE, TENN.

Location. At Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge at Reliance, Tenn., 1 mile

below the mouth of Lost Creek and 2 miles above Spring Creek. 

Records available. August 17, 1900, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,180 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff attached to a tree on right bank 150 feet above the bridge. On

August 3, 1911, the gage was raised 0.10 foot to agree with the original datum. 

Channel. Section is in a pool above a rock ledge diagonally across the river. At

lower end of ledge is a small corn mill with, some addition to the natural dam,

probably varying in extent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge. 

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the relation of gage height to discharge. 

Artificial control. None above. The small mill below may affect the low-water

flow.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

September 10,1912: Gage height, 1.28 feet; discharge, 1,020 second-feet.
TENNESSEE EIVEB BASIN. Ill

Daily gage Tieight, in feet, ofHiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[C. V. Higdon, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10.... ...........

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.5

2 7

2.45

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.85

2.4

2.25

2.15

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.95

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.8

1 Q

1.95

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

2 6

4.9

3.2

Feb.

2.6

2.35

2.15

2.1

2.05

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.8

3.4

3.0

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.4

4.3

3.2

2.8

2.8

3.7

5.0

4.1

3.1

Mar.

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

9 5

2.8

2.7

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.5

3.8

5.3

3.7

3.3

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

3.5

4.0

3.1

2.9

2.7

Q ^

5.9

4.1

Apr.

3.6

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.8

2,8

2.9

2 7

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.35

2 4

2 6

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.8

4.3

3.8

2.8

2.6

3.4

4.2

3.4

3.3

May.

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.4

2 4

2.35

2.35

2

O

2.3

2.25

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 Q£

1 Qt

1.9

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.65

2.7

3.8

2.5

June.

2.2

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

1 Q

1.8

i 7«;

1 Ti

1.7

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.5

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

i 7£

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.05

2.2

July.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.7

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.9

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.3

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.0

1 Q

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.6

Aug.

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.65

2.15

1.85

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.85

1.7

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.9

1.6

1 5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

Sept.

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.36j

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.7

1.45

' 1.4

1.4

1.35

1.25

1.2

2.5

2.7

1 Q

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.5

1.5

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.4

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.5

3.2

1.9

1.65

L45

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

L3

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.45

2.2

1.7

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

Dec.

1.25

1.25

1.35

1.5

1.55

2.7

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.55

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.8

2.2

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn.,for 191$.

Day.

1............

2............

3... .........

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24.. ..........

25............

2tt.. ..........

27. ...........

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

Jan.

6,590

4.010

3,330

2,950

2,710

2,050

2,050

1,950

3,200

2,830

2,600

2,160

2,050

2,050

2,160

2,260

1,490

1 660

1,850

2,050

2,160

1,580

1,580

1,490

1 400

1,410

1,410

1,330

3,730

12,000 

6,560

Feb.

3,730

3,080

2,600

2480

2,370

1.950

1,850

1,850

1,760

1 660

1,850

1,660

1,660

1,850

4,300

6,240

4,910

3,460

4,010

3,730

3,200

9,550

5

Cfif\

4 300

4 300

7

OAA

12,400

8,780

5,230

Mar.

4,300

3,730

3 730

3,730

3,200

3,730

3,730

3,460

4,300

4,010

3,330

3,330

3,460

3,460

7,660

13,700

7,300

5,900

4,010

3,730

3,730

3,460

3,200

6,590

8,400

5,230

4 600

4^010

31,600

16,300

8,780

Apr.

6,940

7,300

6,240

4,910

4,600

4,300

4,300

4,600

4,010

3,730

3,460

3,330

3,200

3,080

3,080

3,200

4,910

3,730

3,200

3,200

4 3Qo

9,550

7 660

4

onn

3,730

6,240

9,160

6,240

7,660

May.

PL 24ft

4,910

4,300

4,300

4,010

3,730

4,910

4,910

3,730

3,460

3,200

3,200

3 080

3

nQn

2,710

2,950

2,480

2,480

2,260

2,260

2,160

2,160

2,050

2,050

1 950

1^850

1,580

4,010

7,660 

3,460

June.

2,710

2,370

2,260

2,260

2,260

2,260

2,480

2,260

2,050

1,850

1,760

1,760

1,660

4,600

4,910

4,300

4,300

3,460

2,050

1

QKA

1,760

1,660

1,580

1,760

4,300

3,730

2,710

2,370

2,710

July.

2,710

2,710

2,480

2,480

4,010

4,600

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,460

3,460

4,600

2,950

9 71 n

2,830

2,830

2,710

2,830

9 OVt

3,730

2,710

2,260

2,260

9 AKA

1,850

1,660

1,490

1,580

1,490 

1,490

Aug.

2,260

2,260

1,660

1,660

1,760

1,580

1,410

1,330

1,580

2,600

1,950

1,580

1,490

1,410

1,950

1,660

1,330

1,660

1,490 i v*ft

1,330

1,660

9 ARA

1 dQft

1 *^f\

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,110

1,110 

1,110

Sept.

1,040

975

850

850

910

975

1,110

1,110

1,040

1,040

910

Qin

910 OCA

oin

1,660

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,110

O7tJ

3,460

4,010

2,050

1

4QA

i 4on

1,580

1,330

1,330

Oct.

1,180

1 180

1,580

1,580

1,660

1,180

975

1,040

910 071;

975

Qin

910

Q7tJ

1,660

1,330

1,040 i nu\

1,330

5,560

2,050

1,580 i 9,fin

1,330

1 260

1,180

1,110

1,040

1,040

1,040 

1,040

Nov.

1,040

1,040

1,180

1,110

1,040

1,110

1.260

2,710

1,660

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,040

1 ftdft

1,040

1 (Vtft

975

1,040

1 ftift

1,040

975

975

975

Dec.

975

975

1,110

1,330

1,410

4,010

3,200

2,260

1,850

1,669

1,490

1,410

1,330

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,410

1,580

i don

1,330

1,180

1,180

1,490

1,760

1 490

1^490

1,660

1,490

1,850 

2,710

NOTE, Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 490 and 3,460 second-feet 

gage heights 0.8 and 2.5 feet), and fairly well defined between 3,730 and 6,590 second-feet (gage heights 

L6 and 3.5 feet).
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART m.

Monthly discharge of Biwa&see River at Reliance, Tenn.,for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 1,180 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,000 

12,400 

31,6QO 

9,550 

7,660 

4,910 

4,600 

2,600 

4,010 

5,560 

2,710 

4,010

31,600

Minimum.

1,330 

1,660 

3,200 

3,080 

1,580 

1,580 

1,490 

1,110 

850 

910 

975 

975

850

Mean.

2,770 

4,06,0 

6,120 

4,930 

3,350 

2,590 

2,810 

1,570 

1,310 

1,350 

1,170 

1,610

2,800

Per 

square 

mile.

2,35 

3,44 

5 19 

4.18 

2.84 

2.19 

2.38 

1.33 

1.11 

1.14 

.992 

1.36

2.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.71 

3.71 

5.98 

4.66 

3.27 

2.44 

2.74 

1.53 

1.24 

1.31 

1.11 

1.57

32.27

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

OCOEE RIVER AT COPPER HILL, TENN.

Location. At new highway bridge recently built on site of suspension footbridge, 

from which discharge measurements were formerly made, in town of Copper 

Hill, Tenn., one-half mile above the mouth of Fightingtown Creek.

Records available. March 21, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 374 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to upstream side of the bridge, installed August 2,1911. 

This gage is near the location of the original sloping gage, a portion of which was 

cut away for the bridge pier. A temporary vertical staff gage was set September 16,1910, to read the same as the original sloping gage, and the standard chain 

gage was set August 2, 1911, to read the same as the temporary gage. The chain 

gage should therefore read the same as the original sloping gage, i. e., both refer 

to the same datum. On August 2, 1911, a discrepancy of 0.10 foot between the 

bench mark and the two gages was found by wye levels, the gages being too high 

by that amount. It has been assumed that the error was made in the original 

levels and the recorded elevation of the bench mark changed to agree with the 

gages. The discharge measurements have been referred to the gages, and so the 

records of discharge need no revision.

Channel. Is not permanent, but the relation of gage height to discharge has remained 

fairly constant.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. Ice does not affect the relation of gage height to discharge.

Accuracy. A new discharge rating curve was used for 1912 which differs from the 

previous curves principally above 1,200 second-feet, the new curve giving the 

larger discharge for a given gage height above that point. The change in rating 

is based chiefly on four discharge measurements made in 1913 (before this report 

was prepared) and the new curve is well defined between 350 and 3,100 secondfeet (gage heights, 0.7 and 4.4 feet) and fairly well defined between 3,200 and 

8,700 second-feet (gage heights, 4.5 and 8.0 feet). The highest discharge measurement prior to 1913 was at gage height 3.4 feet, whereas two of the 1913 measurements are at a stage of about 7.5 feet. Errors in estimates of discharge published 

for previous years, due to what now appears to have been erroneous extensions 

of the discharge rating curves used, are less than 10 per cent below discharge
TENNESSEE EIVEB BASIN. 113

3,000 second-feet, but above that point the discharge computations should be 

revised by those using them on the basis of a rating table derived (as explained 

on p. 12) from the 1912 data published below. The data for 1911 published in 

Water-Supply Paper 303 are within the accuracy ratings assigned, but the new 

1912 rating curve should probably have been used beginning about October 17, 

1911.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. E. Hall: 

September 11, 1912: Gage height, 0.93 foot; discharge, 465 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, o/Ocoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[H. J. Lance, observer.]

Day.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

T.. ...... .......

................

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.6

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

2.2

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.45

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

3.4 

2.3

Feb.

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.35

1.4

4.2

3.2

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

3.0

2.9

2.2

2.3

2.7

4.4

3.9

3.1

2.6

Mar.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

5.8

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

4.6

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.9

7.7

4.4 

3.6

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.7

3.2

2 7

2.4

2.3

3.6

3.0

3.3

3.1

May.

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.0

6.2

2.8 

2.3

June.

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

2.4

2.8

2.3

2.2

1.6

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.8

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.8

July.

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

2.2

2.4

1.6

1.8

1.45

1.6

1.1

1.6

1.6

1.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.6

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.3

Aug.

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.35

1.8

1.45

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.2

1.1

2.0

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

.95

Sept.

0.95

.9

.9

.9

.95

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.8

.85

1.3

1.25

1.1

1.4

1.3

.9

2.1

5.2

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.25

Oct.

1.1

1.0

.95

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.95

.95

.9

1.4

1.25

1.1

1.0

.95

2.6

1.9

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95 

.95

Nov.

1.2

1.05

1.0

.95

.95

1.0

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

9

.9

.85

Dec.

0.85

.9

.85

.85

1.3

2.4

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.3

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.5 

1.7

29809° WSP 323 14
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART HI,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOcoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn.,for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,560

1,180

975

845

780

720

780

1,260

845

780

750

720

690

600

660

660

660

7cn

fifiH

fifin

600

572

545

KAK

CJC

KAK

1,330

Feb.

1,110

975

845

780

780

780

780

720

690

660

780

780

690

79ft

2 Qlft

2,050

1 400

i Q^ft

1,260

1,880

1 800

1,260

1 330

1 640

3 iftft

1,960

I

CftA

Mar.

1,400

1,400

1 4/V>

1,560

1,400

1,330

1,330

I Ofift

1,180

1,260

1,260

I OfiA

4,780

2,560

2 fteft

1,720

1

CCA

1 480

1 400

I ooft

1 /lAA

3 300

2,050

1,720

1 fUUl

1 800

8,100

3 inft

2 qoft

Apr.

2 OAO.

2,220

1 QPft

1,880

1,720

1 640

1,720

i t;fift

1 480

1 480

1 400

1 400

I ooft

1 330

I cnn

1,880

1,720

1,480

1 OPft

1,260

1,260

2 480

2 ftCft

1 640

1 400

1,330

2

onn

1,880

2,140

1 ' 960

May.

1,720

1,560

1 400

1 480 i jinn

1 4Aft

1 480

1 480

1 400 *

'1^260

1,260

1,180

1,110

1,110

1,110

1 040

1 040

Q7E

Q7E

975

Q7C

Qlft

Qlft

Qlft

I OfiA

1,720

1,880

5

0QA

1,720

1,330

June.

1,110

1 040

Q7E

Q7C

1,110

845

Qlft

845

910

845

845

1 400

1,720

1,330

1 260

845

Qlft

845

845

780

Q7C

I

ECft

1,720

1 480

1,110

845

Q7C

July.

Q7C

Gift

Q7K

OAK

1,260

1 '845 400

Q7C

7Cft

845

545

845

845

KAK

Q7p;

0*7 *;

Q7K

1,110

845

1,110

1 040 '07^1

Qlft

910

910

845

780

720

660

Aug.

Q7E

7 Oft

660

600

660

fiftft

600

660

fiQA

Q7C

fW

660

630

600

660

600

600

600

630

finft

545

1,110

720

600

545

CIO

518

518

490

465

Sept.

At! E

440

440

440

ARK

490

490

490

490

440

440

440

SQft

415

660

630

KAK

720

660

440

440

1

1DA

S Q^ft

1,110

845

720

660

660

630

Oct.

545

AQft

465

79ft

600

545

EJC

4QA

440

440

465

465

440

720

545

4QA

465

1 ECA

1 040

780

720

600

545

Ann

490

Ann

465

4.RK

465

465

Nov.

firm

518

Ann

465

465

4Qft

Q7E

845

660

600

545

545

630

660

600

545

490

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

440

415

Dec.

41 ^

440

415

415

660;

1 400

845

*7Ort

660

600

600

545

545

545

518

E1Q

545

600

545

518 E-IO

660

845

660

600

660

600

600 "80

910

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description.

Monthly discharge ofOcoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 374 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,390 

3,100 

8,100 

2,480 

5,390 

1,720 

1,400 

1,110 

3,970 

1,560 

975 

1,400

8,100

Minimum.

545 

660 

1,180 

1,260 

910 

720 

545 

465 

390 

440 

415 

415

390

Mean.

874 

1,320 

1,970 

1,710 

1,410 

1,060 

895 

649 

698 

583 

527 

629

1,030

Per 

square 

mile.

2.34 

3.53

5.27 

4.57 

3.77 

2.83 

2.39 

1.74 

1.87 

1.56 

1.41 

1.68

2.75

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.70 

3.81 

6.08 

5.10 

4.35 

3.16 

2.76 

2.01 

2.09 

1.80 

1.57 

1.94

37.37

Accuracy .0

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A.

See "Accuracy" in station description..
SUMMARY OF DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

115

The following miscellaneous measurements were made in the Ohio 

River basin in 1912:

Miscellaneous measurements in Monongahela River basin in 1912. 

[By H. P. Drake, an engineer of the West Virginia Development Co.]

Date.

Aug. 24 

24

Dec. 20

Stream.

Cheat River... 

.....do.........

.....do.........

Tributary to 

Monongahela 

River.

.....do.........

.....do.........

Locality.

At highway bridge 3 

miles below the confluence of Shavers and 

Dry forks and 2 miles 

due north of Parsons. 

W. Va. 

.....do...................

.....do...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.93

2.93

2.60

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

704

708

454

Drainage 

area.

Sq. miles. 

o716

o716

o716

Discharge 

per square 

mile.

Sec.-ft. 

0.98

.99

.03

« Determined by West Virginia Development Co.

Miscellaneous measurements on New and Green rivers in 1912.

[By C. T. Bailey.]

Date.

Sept. 23

8

Stream.

.....do.........

Tributary to 

Ohio River....

.....do.........

.....do.........

Locality. Gage 

height.

Feet.

(a)

(6 )

f f\

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,470

1,910

2,400

Drainage 

area.

Sq. miles. 

2,390

6,080

7,260

Discharge 

per square 

mile.

Sec.-ft. 

1.45

.314

.331

o Water surface 27.66 feet below top of upstream bar of lower chord, 2 feet to right of third vertical from 

left end of bridge, upstream side.

6 Water surface 43.9 feet below top of upstream girder of third-floor beam to left of pier under left end 

of drawspan.

c Water surface 35.4 feet below top of third floor beam from right abutment at upstream end.

SUMMARY OP DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the Ohio River drainage system. It shows in a general way 

the seasonal distribution of run-off and the effect of snow, ground, 

surface, and artificial storage. But the most important fact worth, 

noting is the almost entire lack of uniformity or agreement between 

any two streams. It indicates that the discharge of each stream 

is a law unto itself, and that all projects dependent upon stream 

flow, if they are to be developed along the safest and most economical lines, must be based on records of stream flow collected with 

great care over a long series of years as near the location of the 

project under consideration as possible.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART III.

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, for river stations in the Ohio River

drainage basin in 1912.

Station.

Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y. . 

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa.... 

Kiskiminetas River at Avonmore, Pa. .

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va . . . . 

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.... 

West Fork River at Enterprise,W. Va. 

Cheat River near Morgantovm, W. Va. 

New River at Radford, Va. ........... 

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va. . 

Dix River near Burgin, Ky ...........

Embarrass River near Oakland, 111 _ . 

Embarrass River at Ste. Marie, 111. ... 

East Branch of White River at Shoals, 

Ind.. ...............................

Skillet Fork River near Wayne City,

French Broad River at Asheville, N . C . 

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn. 

South Fork of Holston River at Bluff 

Citv , Tenn ..........................

Holston River near Rogersville. Tenn.. 

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, 

Tenn................................ 

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.....

Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn..... 

Ocoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn. ....

Drainage area.

Sq. mi. 

1,640 

9,010 

1.720 

386 

390 

1,340 

750 

1,380 

2,720 

1,340 

416 

535 

1,540

4,900

481 

987 

21,400

828 

3,060

2,470 

662 

410 

1,180 

374

1-5

0.98 

1.45 

1.87 

1.75 

3.13 

3.11 

2.21 

2.57 

1.04 

1.66 

3.70 

.65 

.61

1.59

1.04

1.87 

1.87

1.67 

1.30

2.81 

2.69 

2.54 

2.35 

2.34

4 &

0.34 

1.32 

2.55 

2.61 

3.13 

2.96 

2.67 

4.36 

1.64 

2.62 

3.51 

.82 

.77

1.64

1.77 

2.56 

2.52

2.25 

1.76

3.83 

3.34 

3.46 

3.44 

3.53

1

3.37 

4.70 

6.45 

6.69 

4.95 

5.09 

4.53 

6.89 

3.32 

5.19 

7.09 

3.50 

2.58

4.49

5.76 

4.06 

4.02

4.31 

3.59

5.95

5.85 

6.12 

5.19 

5.27

1

5.78 

5.05 

2.77 

3.15 

2.02 

1.95 

1.52 

2.52 

2.03 

2.21 

3.61 

2.34 

2.01

3.65

3.37 

3.03

4.28

3.79 

3.46

5.55 

4.83 

3.95 

4.18 

4.57

t

1.98 

2.09 

2.31 

2.35 

3.21 

2.52 

.67 

2.98 

2.32 

2.99 

2.43 

1.31 

1.43

2.98

.76 

2.62 

2.75

2.43 

1.96

3.69 

3.53 

3.00

2.84 

3.77

i

0.30 

.40 

1.55

1.78 

.77 

.68 

.22 

1.09 

1.10 

.37 

.23 

.26 

.36

.45

1.42 

2.12 

1.34

.92

.87

2.26 

2.33 

2.20 

2.19 

2.83

>, 

3

0.29 

.62 

2.85 

2.05 

5.13 

3.76 

1.77 

5.59 

1.12 

.78 

1.24 

.19 

.88

.76

1.00 

2.42 

1.62

1.28 

1.17

2.62 

2.66 

3.78 

2.38 

2.39

*>

 <

0.47 

.88 

1.55 

1.27 

.63 

.66 

.59 

1.24 

.89 

.16 

.42 

.14 

.41

.65

.21

1.58 

1.06

.97

.76

1.83 

1.86 

1.48 

1.33 

1.74

&CO

1.54 

1.98 

3.64 

4.45 

.64 

.87 

.75 

2.13 

.94 

.30 

.20 

.04 

.10

.29

.03 

1.59 

.79

.62 

.56

1.52 

1.49 

1.35 

1.11 

1.87

+»

o 

O

1.26 

1.72 

1.66 

2.21 

.23 

.23 

.15 

.73 

.61 

.19 

.06

.18

i.'is

.61

.42 

.44

1.21

1.18 

1.10 

1.14 

1.56

i x

1.55 

1.40 

1.24 

1.08 

.85 

.89 

.31 

1.68 

.73 

.57 

.26 

.02 

.11

.20

.10 

1.26 

.56

.51 

.46

1.15 

1.11 

1.08 

.99 

1.41

s

ft

1.84 

1.62 

1.16 

1.61 

1.19 

1.20 

.73 

1.46 

.66 

.78 

1.89 

.02 

.07

.16

.02 

1.31 

1.11

.63 

.60

1.91 

1.66 

1.44 

1.36 

1.68

>H

1.64 

1.94 

2.47 

2.58 

2.16 

2.00 

1.35 

2.77 

1.37 

1.49 

2.06

1.42

2." is

1.87

1.65 

1.41

2.86 

2.70 

2.63 

2.37

2.75
INDEX.

A.

Page. 

Accuracy,degree of.......................... 12-31

Acre-foot, definition......................... 9

Alderson, W. Va., Greenbrier River at.. 56-57,116 

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa...... 16-18,116

at Red House.N. Y................. 14-16,116

Allegheny River basin, measurements in.... 14-22

Allingdale, W. Va., Gauley River at........ 58

AUisonia, Va., Big Reed Island Creek near.. 49 

Appropriations, amount of.................. 5

Arlington Heights, Ohio, Mill Creek at...... 71

Asheville, N. C., French Broad River at.. 90-92,116 

Authority for work.......................... 5-6

Avonmore, Pa., Kiskiminitas River at.. 19-20,116

B. 

Bailey, C.T., work of....................... 14

Barrackville, W. Va., Buffalo Creek at...... 31

Batchelder.C.L., work of................... 14

Beltogton, W. Va., Tygart River at...... 23-24,116

Belva, W. Va., Gauley River near.......... 59-60

Big Reed Island Creek near AUisonia, Va.... 49

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa....... 20-22,116

BlOTins, Tenn., Doe River at............... 101

Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va............ 53

near True, W.Va....................... 54

Bluff City, Tenn., South Fork of Holston

River at..................... 97-98,116

Brushton W.Va., Coal River at.............. 67

Bryson, N. C., Tuckasegee River at.... 106-108,116

Buckhannon River at Hall, W. Va........... 26-27

Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va....... 31

Burgin, Ky., Dix River near............ 74-76,116

C. 

Carmi, 111., Little Wabash River at......... 86-87

Carr, L. S., work of............................ 14

Caeselman River at Confluence, Pa......... 37-38

Chattanooga, Tenn., Tennessee River at. 94-%, 116

Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va.. - 31-34,116

near Parsons, W. Va.................... 115

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va......... 61

Cincinnati, Ohio, Mill Creek at............. 71-72

Clarksburg, W. Va., Elk Creek near........ 29-30

Clay City, 111., Little Wabash River near.... 84-85

Clendenin, W.Va., Elk River at............. 65-66

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va............. 67

at Fuqua, W. Va....................... 68

at Tornado, W. Va..................... 69

Confluence, Pa., Casselman River at........ 37-38

LaurelHillCreekat...................... 38-39

Youghiogheny River at.................. 36-37

Cooperation, acknowledgment of............ 13

Copper Hill, Tenn., Ocoee River at..... 112-114,116

Copper Valley, Va., Little River near....... 50

Covert, C.C., work of........................ 14

Grumpier, N. C., North Fork of New River

near............................. 47

South Fork of New River near.......... 42

Current meter, view of.............'........ 13

D.

Data, explanation of......................... 11-12

Definitions of terms......................... ? 

De Golyer, C. S., work of...............__ 14

Discharge per square mile, summary of.... 115-116

Discharge tables, accuracy of................ 12-13

explanation of........................... 12

Dix River near Burgin, Ky............. 74-76,116

Dix River basin, measurements in........... 74-76

Doe River at Blevins, Tenn................. 101

at Valley Forge, Tenn................... 102

near Elizabethton, Tenn............... 102-103

Drainage basins, list of...................... 6

E.

Elizabethton, Tenn., Doe River at........ 102-103

Elk Creek near Clarksburg, W.Va........... 29-30

Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va.............. 65-66

at Gassaway, W. Va..................... 64-65

at Webster Springs, W.Va.............. 63-64

Embarrass River at St. Marie, 111........ 80-81,116

near Oakland, 111.................... 78-79,116

Enterprise, W. Va., West Fork Kiver at 27-28,116 

Equivalents, table of........................ 10-11

F.

Fayette, W.Va., New River at.............. 46

Fetterman, W. Va., Tygart River at.... 25-26,116

Field data, accuracy and reliability of....... 12-13

French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.. 90-92,116 

Fuqua1 , W.Va., Coal River at............... 68

G. 

Gage-height table, explanation............... 11-12

Gaging stations, views of.................... 12

Gassaway, W. Va., Elk River at............ 64-65

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va.......... 58

near Belva, W.Va...................... 59-60

near Summersville, W.Va............... 59

Golden Gate, 111., Little Wabash River near. 85-86 

Grahams Forge, Va., Reed Creek at......... 48

Grayson, Va., New River near.............. 42-JJ

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.... 56-57,116

near Marlinton, W. Va.................. 54-55

Green River at Livermore, Ky.............. 115

at Rockport, Ky........................ 115

H. 

Hall, W. E., work of........................ 14

Hall, W. Va., Buckhannon River at......... 26-27

Hamilton, Ohio, Miami River at............ 72-74

Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C...... 108-110,116

at Reliance, Tenn................. 110-112,116

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn. .98-100,116 

Holston River, South Fork, at Bluff City,

Tenn........................ 97-98,116

Horton,H. H., work of...................... 14

I. 

Illinois, cooperation with.................... 13

Investigations, authority for................. 5

117
118 INDEX.

J. 

Jackson, H. J., work of...................... 14

Jones, B. E., work of........................ 14

Judson, N. C., Little Tennessee River at... 103-104

K.

Kanawha Eiver basin, measurements in..... 42-70 

Kiskiminitas Eiver at Avonmore, Pa... 19-20,116 

Kittanning, Pa., Allegheny Eiver at..... 16-18,116 

Knoxville, Tenn., Tennessee River at....... 92-94

L.

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa......... 38-39

Lilly, W. Va., Bluestone River at........... 53

Little River near Copper Valley, Va......... 50

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.... 103-104

atMcGhee, Ten*.................. 104-106,116

Little Wabash River at Carmi, 111........... 86-87

near Clay City, 111....................... 84-85

near Golden Gate, 111.................... 85-86

Livermore, Ky., Green River at............. 115

M.

McGhee, Tenn., Little Tennessee River at... 104-

106,116

Marlinton, W. Va., Greenbrier River near... 54-55 

Slathers, H. J., work of...................... 14

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va..... 62-63

Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio............. 72-74

Miami River basin, measurements in........ 72-74

Mill Creek at Arlington Heights, Ohio....... 71

at Cincinnati, Ohio...................... 71-72

Mill Creek basin, measurements in.......... 71-72

Mill Shoals, 111., Skillet Fork near........... 89-90

Miscellaneous measurements in Monongahela

basin............................ 115

on Green River.......................... 115

on New River........................... 115

Mohican River at Pomerene, Ohio........... 41

Mohican River basin, measurements in...... 41

Monk, P. S., work of........................ 14

Monongehela River basin, measurements in.. 23-

39,115

Morgantown, W. Va., Cheat Eiver near... 31-34,116 

Mount Carmel, HI., Wabash River at........ 76-77

Murphy, N. C., Hiwassee River at..... 108-110,116

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio....... 39-40

Muskingum River basin, measurements in.. 39-40

N. 

Narrows, Va., Wolf Creek near.............. 52

Newbern, Va., New River at................ 115

New River at Fayette, W. Va............... 46

at Newbern, Va......................... 115

at Radford,Va...................... 43-45,116

near Grayson, Va........................ 43-43

New River, North Fork, near Crumpler,

N.C............................ 47

New River, South Fork, near Crumpler,

N.C............................ 42

O.

Oakland, 111., Embarrass River near..... 78-79,116 

Ocoee River at Copper Hill, Tenn..... 112-114,116

P. 

Padgett, H. D., work of..................... 14

Parsons, W. Va., Cheat River near.......... 115

Shavers Fork River at.................. 34-36

Pocotaligo Eiver at Sfesonvflle, W. Va....... 69-70

Pomerene, Ohio, Mohican Eiver at.......... 41

Price current meter, view of................. 13

Publications, lists of......................... 6-8

method of obtaining...............'...... 8-9

R.

Eadford, Va., New River at............. 43-45,116

Rating table, explanation of................. 12

Red House, N. Y., Allegheny River at.. 14-16, lift 

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va........... 48

Reliance, Tenn., Hiwassee River at.... 110-112,116

Richwood, W. Va., Cherry River at......... 61

Eockport, Ky., Green Eiver at.............. 115

Rogersville, Tenn., Holston River near. 98-100,116 

Run-off, definition of........................ 9

Russellville, W. Va., Meadow River near.... 62-«3

St. Marie, HI., Embarrass River at....... 80-81,116

Scope of work............................... 6

Second-foot, definition of.................... 9

Shavers Fork River at Parsons, W. Va...... 34-36

Shoals, Ind., East Branch of White River

at........................... 82-83,116

Sissonville, Va., Pocotaligo River at........ 69-70

Skillet Fork near Mill Shoals, HI............ 89-90

near.Wayne City, HI................ 87-89,116

Staffordsville, Va., Walker Creek at......... 51

Stations,records of......................... 14-114

Stream measurement;, publications on....... 6-8

Sumraersville,W.Va., Gauley River near..... 59

T. 

Tables, explanation of....................... 11-12

Tennessee Eiver at Chattanooga, Tenn.. 94-96,116 

at Knoxville, Tenn...................... 92-94

Tennessee River basin, measurements in... 90-114 

Terms, definitions of........................ 9

Tornado, W. Va., Coal River, at............ 69

True, W. Va., Bluestone River near......... 54

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C..... 106-108,116

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va...... 23-24,116

at Fetterman, W.Va............... 25-26,116

V. 

Valley Forge, Tenn., Doe River at.......... 102

W. 

Wabash Eiver at Mount Carmel, HI........ 76-77

Wabash River basin, measurements in...... 76-90

Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va.......... 51

Wallace, G. A., work of..................... 14

Walters^M. L, work of...................... 14

Wayne City, HI., Skillet Fork near...... 87-89,116

Weber, Frank, work of...................... 14

Webster Springs, W. Va., Elk River at...... 63-64

West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.. 27-28,116 

White River, East Branch, at Shoals, Ind. 82-83,116 

Wolf Creek, near Narrows, Va............... 52

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 14

Work, division of........................... 14

Y. 

Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa...... 36-37

Z. 

Zanesville, Ohio, Muskingum River at....... 39-40

O