UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF

PESTICIDES AND 

TOXIC

SUBSTANCES

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Section 3 Registration Request for Uses of Zoxamide (Chemical #101702 , 

DP Barcodes: D266174 and D254295)

FROM: Lewis Brown, Biologist

Mark Corbin, Environmental Scientist

James Hetrick, Senior Physical Scientist

Richard Mahler, Chemist

 Environmental Risk Branch 1

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)

THRU: Sid Abel, Acting Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch 1

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)

TO: Mary Rust, Biologist

Registration Action Branch 3

Registration Division (7509C)

Cynthia Giles-Parker, Product Manager

Fungicide Branch

Registration Division (7505C)

Attached is the Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) environmental 

risk assessment for Zoxamide registration.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK CONCLUSIONS................................................................................1

Aquatic Organism Risk Conclusions.......................................................................1

Avian Risk Conclusions...........................................................................................1

Mammal Risk Conclusions......................................................................................1

Environmental Fate Risk Conclusions.....................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................2

Chemical Identification............................................................................................2

Mechanism of Action...............................................................................................3

Use Sites...................................................................................................................3

Target Pest ...............................................................................................................3

Formulation Type.....................................................................................................3

Rate and Method of Application..............................................................................3

Approach to Risk Assessment .................................................................................4

 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK CHARACTERIZATION..................................4

 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ASSESSMENT..........................................................................5

 SURFACE AND GROUND AND DRINKING WATER ASSESSMENT ............................9

 AQUATIC EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT............................................................13

Toxicity to Aquatic Animals..................................................................................13

Aquatic Exposure Assessment...............................................................................14

Aquatic Risk Assessment.......................................................................................14

 Risk Assessment: Risk Quotient Calculation for Aquatic Organisms...................18

Aquatic Organism Risk Characterization ..............................................................20

 TERRESTRIAL ORGANISM EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT.........................21

Toxicological Profile .............................................................................................21

Terrestrial Exposure...............................................................................................21

Avian Risk .................................................................................................22

Mammalian Risk........................................................................................22

Semi-Aquatic & Terrestrial Plant Exposure & Risk Assessment..........................24

Terrestrial Risk Characterization ...........................................................................25

ENDANGERED SPECIES............................................................................................................25
APPENDIX A 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DISCUSSIONAND STRUCTURES OF 

ZOXAMIDE AND DEGRADATES.....................................................................26

 APPENDIX BMODELING DISCUSSION.............................................................................38

 APPENDIX CTOXICITY DATA TABLES ...........................................................................95

 APPENDIX DGENERALIZED EFED RISK ASSESSMENT METHODAND 

CALCULATION TABLES FOR RISK QUOTIENTS.......................................105

 APPENDIX EDATA REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................113

 APPENDIX FREFERENCES................................................................................................117
Zoxamide

Environmental Fate and Ecological Effects 

Assessment and Characterization

for a Section 3 for Aerial and Ground Spray Treatment to 

Grapes and Potatoes
1

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK CONCLUSIONS

The subject chemical of this risk assessment is a selective, non-systemic fungicide that has 

demonstrated specific protectant properties against oomycete fungi and is identified by the trade 

chemical name zoxamide and is referred to in this assessment as zoxamide. The proposed use 

sites are grapes and potatoes. Approximately 1 million acres of grapes and 1.3 million acres of 

potatoes were grown in the United States in 2000. Zoxamide initiates severe disruption and 

dislodging of the microtubules cytoskeleton in plants, therefore, the xylem and phloem are 

decreased in size thus inducing impairment for the normal transport of food and water. The 

target pests are downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) on grapes and late blight (Phytophthora 

infestans) on potatoes. There are 2 formulations, a 80 WP containing 80% zoxamide, and a 75% 

DF formulation (a mixture of 8.3% zoxamide and 66.7% mancozeb). Zoxamide can be applied 

aerially or with ground equipment. The 80 WP formulation was used for all surface water 

assessment inputs due to the higher active ingredient content for this formulation.

Aquatic Organism Risk Conclusions

Risk to aquatic organisms are expected to be low even when the high end use rate for 

zoxamide (0.2 lbs ai/A at 8 applications per year) is used despite the high toxicity. No 

levels of concern (LOCs) were exceeded and therefore it is concluded that aquatic 

organisms will be at low risk when multiple applications are used. The Agency’s level of 

concern for endangered and threatened freshwater fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates is 

exceeded for the proposed use of zoxamide on grapes. The registrant must provide information 

on the proximity of Federally listed freshwater fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates to the 

proposed use sites.

Avian Risk Conclusions

Risk to avian organisms are expected to be low even when the high end use rate for 

zoxamide (0.2 lbs ai/A at 8 applications per year) is used. No levels of concern (LOCs) 

were exceeded and therefore it is concluded that birds will be at low risk when multiple 

applications are used. 

Mammal Risk Conclusions

Risk to mammals are expected to be low even when the high end use rate for zoxamide 

(0.2 lbs ai/A at 8 applications per year) is used. No levels of concern (LOCs) were 

exceeded and therefore it is concluded that mammals will be at low risk when multiple 

applications are used. 

Environmental Fate Risk Conclusions

The major routes of dissipation for zoxamide are hydrolysis, photodegradation in water, and 

microbial mediated degradation. Zoxamide may persist in the environment for days to months 

and is practically immobile, with a low potential for movement into groundwater. The data 
2

show that hydrolysis, especially at pH 9, is an important degradation process of 

zoxamide. The photodegradation half-life for zoxamide in water was 14 days (corrected for dark 

control) in pH 4 buffer solution. Photodegradation of zoxamide on soil does not appear to be a 

major route of dissipation because the half-lives in irradiated and dark control samples were 

similar, 10.2 and 11.7 days, respectively. Because of its high affinity for soil and sediment, 

zoxamide has the potential to move off the site of application during rainfall/irrigation by 

erosion/runoff on soil particles and by drift. Given the degradation rates for metabolism and soil 

photolysis, and the high Koc values, zoxamide will probably be adsorbed to sediments and organic 

material if transported to surface waters. 

The estimated drinking water concentrations are based on zoxamide residues for all studies used as 

input parameters for modeling. Tier II (PRZM-EXAMS) surface water modeling for zoxamide 

(parent only) using the index reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 for grapes and 

potatoes) predicts the 1 in 10 year peak (acute) concentration of zoxamide residues on grapes is 

not likely to exceed 16.9 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 4.9 μg/L. The 1 in 10 year 

annual average concentration (non-cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to 

exceed 0.9 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 0.2 μg/L. The 36 year annual average 

concentration (cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 0.5 μg/L and 

on potatoes is not likely to exceed 0.2 μg/L. 

EFED conducted a Tier II drinking water assessment for zoxamide (RH 117281) and its 

transformation products (zoxamide and its identifiable degradation products including 

RH-150721, RH-24549, RH-141288, RH-129151, RH-139432, RH-127450, and RH-163353). 

Tier II surface water modeling using the index reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 

for grapes and potatoes) predicts the 1 in 10 year peak (acute) concentration of zoxamide residues 

on grapes is not likely to exceed 77.7 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 20.9 μg/L. The 1 

in 10 year annual average concentration (non-cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is 

not likely to exceed 21.8 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 6.2 μg/L. The 36 year annual 

average concentration (cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 12.4 

μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 4.1 μg/L

The SCI-GROW predicted concentration of zoxamide in shallow ground water is not expected to 

exceed 0.061 μg/L. The SCI-GROW predicted concentration of zoxamide residues (zoxamide + 

degradation products) in shallow ground water is not expected to exceed 2.07 μg/l.

INTRODUCTION

Chemical Identification

The subject chemical of this risk assessment is a selective, non-systemic fungicide that has 

demonstrated specific protectant properties against oomycete fungi and is identified by the trade 

chemical name zoxamide and is referred to in this assessment as zoxamide. The chemical 

identification number is 101702 . The Chemical Abstract System (CAS) number is 156052-68-5.

Mechanism of Action
3

Zoxamide’s mode of action is produced by the specific binding at selective action sites along the 

beta subunits of tubulin in plants. Zoxamide initiates severe disruption and dislodging of the 

microtubules cytoskeleton in plants, meaning the xylem and phloem are decreased in size thus 

inducing impairment for the normal transport of food and water.

Use Sites

The proposed use sites are grapes and potatoes. According to the most recent U.S. Department of 

Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service report (http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu), 

approximately 1 and 1.3 million acres of grapes (AZ, AR, CA, GA, MI, MO, NY, NC, OH, OR, 

PA, SC, and WA) and potatoes (CA, CO, ID, IN, ME, MA, MI, MN, MT, NE, NV, NM, NY, ND, 

OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, UT, WA, WI, and WY) were grown in the United States in 2000, 

respectively. 

Target Pest

The target pests are downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) on grapes and late blight (Phytophthora 

infestans) on potatoes.

Formulation Type

The proposed labeled formulations of zoxamide include:

1. Zoxamide 80 WP containing 80% zoxamide, 

2. Zoxamide 75% DF formulation (a mixture of 8.3% zoxamide and 66.7% mancozeb)

Rate and Method of Application

Zoxamide can be applied aerially or with ground equipment.

There are 2 formulations, a 80 WP containing 80% zoxamide, and a 75% DF formulation (a 

mixture of 8.3% zoxamide and 66.7% mancozeb) for use on grape and potato. For the 80WP, the 

label permits multiple foliar applications of zoxamide on grapes and potatoes at 0.125-0.2 lb 

ai/A/application with a maximum of 8 applications per growing season and a seasonal maximum 

rate of 1.6 lb ai/A. Pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 3 days are proposed on potato and 14 days on 

grape.

For the 75% DF formulation (Gavel 75 DF), the label permits 6 foliar applications of zoxamide to 

potatoes at 0.12-0.17 lb ai/A/application. The maximum seasonal rate is 1 lb ai/A. The PHI for 

potato varies from 3 days in the states of CT, DE, FL, ME, MA, MI, NH, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, and 

WI, and at least 14 days elsewhere. For grape, up to 0.21 lb ai/A/application may be applied West 

of the Rockies with a maximum of 3 applications and a maximum rate of 0.62 lb ai per season. In 
4

regions located east of the Rocky Mountains, a maximum of 8 applications per season (1.25 lb 

ai/A) is permitted.

Approach to Risk Assessment

EFED’s assessment of risks associated with the use of zoxamide focused on acute and chronic 

risks to aquatic organisms and terrestrial wildlife. 

For aquatic organisms, EFED conducted modeling of surface water concentrations of the parent 

compound as well as the parent plus all degradates (zoxamide and its identifiable degradation 

products including RH-150721, RH-24549, RH-141288, RH-129151, RH-139432, RH-127450, 

and RH-163353). The highest exposure scenario (aerial application to grapes and potatoes) was 

used for the modeling exercise. The aquatic exposure modeling associated with grapes and 

potatoes agriculture use sites incorporates assumptions of high surface runoff and erosion, thereby 

providing a conservative exposure scenario. Acute lethality as well as effects on reproduction, 

growth and survival of offspring were considered in this risk assessment consistent with the 

toxicological profile of the parent compound as well as estimated data on degradates.

For terrestrial wildlife, the risk assessment was limited to consideration of exposure via 

consumption of contaminated diet. Exposure estimates were made for birds and mammals. 

Acute lethality, reproduction/developmental, and a hemolytic effect specific to mammals were all 

considered in the risk assessment, based on the toxicological profile of the parent compound.

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK CHARACTERIZATION

 

Zoxamide may be persistent for days to months and is practically immobile in the environment. 

Zoxamide degrades with a half life of 8 to 15 days under hydrolytic conditions. Photolysis is 

rapid in water and slow on soil. Because of its high affinity for soil and sediment, zoxamide has 

the potential to move off the site of application during rainfall/ irrigation by erosion/runoff on soil 

particles and by drift. Given the degradation rates for metabolism and soil photolysis, and the high 

Koc values, zoxamide will probably be adsorbed to sediments and organic material if transported to 

surface waters. 

Although zoxamide is moderately to very highly toxic to aquatic organisms and zoxamide exhibits 

persistence in the field, model predictions of surface water concentrations using a high exposure 

application scenario on grapes and potatoes (maximum application rate, minimum application 

interval) do not trigger high concern for acute toxic nor chronic risks. This is likely due to the 

combination of low initial mass of pesticide used at each application (0.2 lb a.i./acre) and the low 

mobility of parent in terrestrial and aquatic environments.

Even though the types of target crops proposed for zoxamide application may put application in 

proximity to estuarine/marine environments, concerns for acute effects in estuarine/marine 

invertebrates, as suggested by the risk quotient calculations, are not likely. The PRZM/EXAMS 

modeling is an uncertain but likely conservative predictor of concentrations in surface waters of 

estuarine systems. 
5

The Agency’s level of concern for endangered and threatened freshwater fish and estuarine/marine 

invertebrates is exceeded for the proposed use of zoxamide on grapes and potatoes. The 

registrant must provide information on the proximity of Federally listed freshwater fish and 

estuarine/marine invertebrates to the proposed use sites.

No acute or chronic levels of concern for estuarine/marine fish, freshwater invertebrates, 

estuarine/marine invertebrates, mammals, or birds were exceeded by any single or multiple 

application of zoxamide.

None of the degradates of zoxamide are included in exposure estimates. 

 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ASSESSMENT

Appendix A includes detailed descriptions of environmental fate studies for zoxamide. 

Physical/Chemical properties: RH-117281, RH-7281

Chemical Name:

3,5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1-methyl-2

-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide

Molecular formula: C14H16Cl3NO2

Molecular weight: 336.1 g/mole 

Physical state: Fine Powder

Melting Point: 159.5-161.0 oC

Vapor Pressure: <1 x 10-7 torr @ 25°C 

Henry’s Law Constant: 6 x 10-10 atm m3

mol-1

Log Kow: 3.76

Solubility @ 250

C 0.68 mg/L in water

CAS Number: 156052-68-5

PC Code: 101702

Structure:

Zoxamide (3,5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide) is the 

proposed common name for the active ingredient for this fungicide. (Please refer to Appendix A 

for chemical structures of zoxamide degradates).
6

The major routes of degradation for zoxamide are hydrolysis, photodegradation in water, and 

microbial mediated degradation. Zoxamide had hydrolysis half-lives of 15.5 days in pH 4 buffer 

solution, 15.7 days in pH 7 buffer solution, and 8.1 days in pH 9 buffer solution. The major 

hydrolysis degradates were:

RH-150721 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl ester, 

38% of applied radioactivity), 

RH-24549 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 31 % of applied radioactivity),

RH141288 (benzamide, 

3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl) 22 % of 

applied radioactivity),

RH-129151 (4H-1,3-Oxazin-5(6H)-one, 

2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl, 25 % of applied). 

The photodegradation half-life for zoxamide in water was 14 days (corrected for dark control) in 

pH 4 buffer solution. Less than 1% of the applied radioactivity was CO2. The major aqueous 

photolysis degradates were:

RH-150721 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl ester, 

11% of applied radioactivity), and

RH-24549 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 28 % of applied radioactivity).

RH-139432 (Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 42 % of applied radioactivity).

Photodegradation of zoxamide on soil does not appear to be a major route of dissipation because 

the half-lives in irradiated and dark control samples were similar, 10.2 and 11.7 days, respectively. 

Correcting for the dark control half-life produced a soil photolysis half-life of 78 days, also 

indicating little soil photodegradation. Furthermore, the pattern of transformation product 

formation was very similar in the irradiated samples and the dark controls. It appears that 

degradation was primarily hydrolytic and not due to photolytic processes. Less than 1% of the 

applied radioactivity was CO2 , indicating little oxidative mineralization. Soil bound residues 

accounted for 32% of the applied radioactivity. The main degradation products were:

RH-24549 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 22 % of applied radioactivity),

RH-129151 (4H-1,3-Oxazin-5(6H)-one, 

2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl, 4 % of applied 

radioactivity), and

RH-127450 (Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl, 11% 

of applied radioactivity). 
7

Zoxamide degraded with half-lives of 37.5 and 38.1 days in aerobic soil metabolism studies. 

Approximately 48% of the applied radioactivity was CO2 at the end of the study. Soil bound 

residues accounted for 39% of the applied radioactivity. Only minor (<10% of applied 

radioactivity) degradation products were formed:

RH-24549 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 7 % of applied radioactivity),

RH-127450 (Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl, 6% 

of applied radioactivity), 

RH-129151 (4H-1,3-Oxazin-5(6H)-one, 

2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl, 1.6 % of applied 

radioactivity), and

RH-139432 (benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 1.0 % of applied radioactivity).

In pH 7.9 and 8.1 aerobic aquatic environments (soil + water system), zoxamide degraded with 

half-lives of 3.6 and 7.6 days. Approximately 20% of the applied radioactivity was CO2 at the end 

of the study. Sediment bound residues accounted for 37% of the applied radioactivity. 

Degradation products identified were:

RH-150721 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl ester, 

11% of applied radioactivity), 

RH-127450 (benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl, 13 

and 20% of applied radioactivity), and

RH-163353 (no scientific name was provided for this transformation product, however, it 

was identified as the parent compound with a COOH- group in place of the 

CH2Cl group by LC/MS, 7 and 13 % of applied radioactivity).

In anaerobic soil metabolism environment, zoxamide degraded with a half-life of 14.6 days. 

Approximately 5% of the applied radioactivity was CO2 at the end of the study. Soil bound 

residues accounted for 56% of the applied radioactivity. Degradation products formed were:

RH-24549 (benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 17 % of applied radioactivity),

RH-127450 (benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl, 13% 

of applied radioactivity),

RH141288 (benzamide, 

3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl) 0.7 % of 

applied radioactivity),
8

RH-129151 (4H-1,3-Oxazin-5(6H)-one, 

2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl, 0.9 % of applied 

radioactivity), and 

RH-139432 (benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 0.5 % of applied radioactivity).

The results of batch equilibrium studies suggest low mobility of zoxamide in terrestrial and aquatic 

environments. Soil:water partition coefficients (Kd) for zoxamide are 3.4, 10.4, 12.4, 15.2 and 

25.3 ml/g. There was a significant correlation of soil organic matter content and soil:water 

partitioning coefficients. Soil:water partition coefficients normalized to the organic carbon 

content of the soil (Koc) were 815, 1196, 1294, 1385 and 1431 ml/g. Further studies are required 

on aged zoxamide in order to assess the mobility of degradates. It should be noted that several of 

the degradates found in the other laboratory studies are benzoic acid derivatives containing 

carboxylic acid functional groups and appear to be stable in the environment; hence, they are 

expected to be more mobile that zoxamide. 

Zoxamide had fish bioconcentration factors of 12 and 19X for fillets,170 and 256X for viscera, and 

95 and 136X for whole fish tissues, respectively. Approximately 70% of bioconcentrated 

residues were eliminated over a 21 depuration period. Generally, if the Kow of a compound is less 

than three, then EFED assumes there is little potential for accumulation in fish. Since the Kow 

zoxamide is 3.76 and up to 30% of the compound was not depurated, there is a moderate potential 

for bioaccumulation in fish. Degradates identified in fish tissues were:

RH-127450 (Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl, 17.2 

% of applied radioactivity), 

RH-141288 (benzamide, 

3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl), 3.6 % 

of applied radioactivity),

RH-141288 (benzamide, 

3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl), 10.1 % 

(sulfate) of applied radioactivity).

Zoxamide had terrestrial field dissipation half-lives of 11.5, 15, and 17.7 days and 9.4, 14.2 and 

68.6 days on bare ground plots in California and New York, and Canada, respectively. The 

registrant did not try to identify any of the degradates detected in the laboratory studies in 

concentrations >10 % of applied. All degradates at concentrations > 10% of applied radioactivity 

identified in the laboratory studies have to be looked for in the field studies. 

The field dissipation results are difficult to interpret because of the lack of adequate information on 

the frozen storage stability of zoxamide. There were no detection of parent below 15 cm (12 

inches). However, because of the problem with storage stability, leaching below that depth is a 

possibility. In the storage stability study submitted, the data shows zoxamide is not stable 

(recoveries ranged from 113 to 50.8 %) in soil samples stored frozen for up to 373 days 
9

prior to analysis. Conversely, the field samples that were re-analyzed showed little 

degradation after 676 days of storage, which would indicate that zoxamide is stable when 

stored frozen for up to 676 days. Until these issues are resolved (storage stability of 

parent and degradates, and identification of degradates in the field studies), the terrestrial 

field dissipation studies can not be relied upon to provide reliable information on the 

half-life of zoxamide residues under actual use conditions, nor mobility to groundwater; 

therefore, the studies are not acceptable.

SURFACE, GROUND AND DRINKING WATER ASSESSMENT

Because zoxamide is not included among regulated or unregulated chemicals required as analytes 

in testing of public drinking water supplies, drinking-water monitoring results are not available. 

Therefore, drinking water exposure assessments are based on modeling predictions. Surface 

water concentrations of zoxamide was modeled using both the GENEEC (Tier I) and the 

PRZM/EXAMS (Tier II) programs. Groundwater concentrations were modeled using the 

SCI-GROW program. Input parameters used in Tier I (GENEEC version 1.2) and Tier II (PRZM 

version 3.12/EXAMS version 2.97.5) modeling were selecting using Agency guidance 

(“Guidance for Chemistry and Management Practice Input Parameters for Use in Modeling the 

Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides” dated August 6, 2000) and EFED calculated 

degradation rate constants from review of registrant submitted environmental fate studies.

The assessment strategy was designed to assess concentrations of the parent compound and 

zoxamide residues (zoxamide plus RH-150721, RH-24549, RH-141288, RH-129151, 

RH-139432, RH-127450, and RH-163353). A cumulative residue approach was employed to 

provide conservative estimated concentrations in drinking water for zoxamide and its degradation 

products. This approach was taken because of limited environmental fate data for zoxamide 

degradation products. Fate data for the cumulative residue approach were estimated using 

published software (Estimation Programs Interface (EPI), Version 3.04, 1999) which estimates 

fate parameter using published equations. More detail on EPI estimation techniques may be 

found at http://syrres.com/interkow/epi.htm.

Tier I (GENEEC) modeling estimates that aerially and ground-applied zoxamide are not expected 

to exceed the concentrations listed in Table 1. Additionally, Tier I modeling estimates that 

zoxamide residues (zoxamide + degradation products) which are aerially and ground-applied are 

not expected to exceed the parent equivalent concentrations listed in Table 2.

Table 1. Estimated Environmental Concentrations (μg/L) of Parent Zoxamide in 

Surface Water (GENEEC Tier 1 modeling) used for Aquatic Exposure Assessment.

Application Regime Crop Peak 4 day 21 day 56 day

Multiple Aerial Potatoes 18.4 16.6 9.8 4.7 
10

Multiple Ground Potatoes 17.6 15.8 9.4 4.5 

Multiple Aerial Grapes 16.4 14.8 8.7 4.2 

Multiple Ground Grapes 15.8 14.2 8.4 4.0 

Table 2. Estimated Environmental Concentrations (μg/L) of Total Zoxamide 

Residues in Surface Water (GENEEC Tier 1 modeling) used for Aquatic Exposure 

Assessment.

Application Regime Crop Peak 4 day 21 day 56 day

Multiple Aerial Potatoes 57.0 56.2 52.1 45.1 

Multiple Ground Potatoes 56.3 55.5 51.5 44.5 

Multiple Aerial Grapes 61.1 60.3 55.9 48.3 

Multiple Ground Grapes 60.4 59.6 55.2 47.8 

Tier II (PRZM-EXAMS) surface water modeling for zoxamide (parent only) using the aquatic 

exposure scenario (standard pond) estimates the concentration of zoxamide residues on grapes is 

not likely to exceed the concentrations in Table 3.

Table 3. PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Zoxamide Concentrations in the Aquatic (Pond) 

Scenario

Simulation Scenarios

Concentration (ug/L)

1 in 10 Year Estimate

Crop and Location Scenario Peak 96 Hour 21 Day 60 Day

Potatoes, Arastook 

Co., ME

Aquatic(Pond) 

Scenario

2.3 1.2 0.6 0.4

Grapes Chautauqua 

Co, NY

Aquatic (Pond) 

Scenario

7.5 4.3 2.1 1.1

Tier II (PRZM-EXAMS) surface water modeling for zoxamide (parent only) using the index 

reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 for grapes and potatoes) estimates the 

concentration of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed the concentrations in Table 

4.

Table 4. PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Parent Zoxamide Concentrations in the Index Reservoir

Simulation Scenarios Concentration (μg/L)
11

1 in 10 year Mean 

of

Annual 

Means

Crop and 

Location

Scenario

Peak

96 

Hour

21 

Day

60 

Day

90 

Day

Annual 

Mean

Potatoes, 

Arastook 

Co., ME

Index 

Reservoir

5.6 3.4 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2

Index 

Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

4.9 3.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2

Grapes 

Chautauqua 

Co, NY

Index 

Reservoir

19.5 13.4 7.1 3.5 2.7 1.0 0.6

Index 

Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

16.9 11.7 6.2 3.0 2.3 0.9 0.5

Tier II (PRZM-EXAMS) surface water modeling for zoxamide residues (zoxamide + degradation 

products) using the index reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 for grapes and 

potatoes) estimates the parent equivalent concentration of zoxamide residues on grapes is not 

likely to exceed the concentrations in Table 5.

Table 5: PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Total Zoxamide Residue Concentrations in the Index 

Reservoir

Simulation Scenarios

Concentration (μg/L)

1 in 10 Year Mean

of 
12

Crop and 

Location

Scenario Peak 96 

Hour

21 

Day

60 

Day

90 

Day

Yearly Annual 

Values

Potatoes, 

Arastook 

Co., ME

Index 

Reservoir

24.0 23.4 22.0 19.4 17.1 7.2 4.7 

Index 

Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

20.9 20.3 19.2 16.9 14.9 6.2 4.1 

Grapes 

Chautauqua 

Co, NY

Index 

Reservoir

89.3 86.6 80.9 68.5 59.8 25.1 14.3 

Index 

Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

77.7 75.3 70.4 59.6 52.1 21.8 12.4 

The SCI-GROW predicted concentration of zoxamide in shallow ground water is not expected to 

exceed 0.061 μg/L. The SCI-GROW predicted parent equivalent concentration of zoxamide 

residues (zoxamide + degradation products) in shallow ground water is not expected to exceed 

2.07 μg/l.

Appendix B provides a detailed discussion of the modeling efforts for GENEEC, PRZM/EXAMS, 

and SCI-GROW.

Uncertainties, Assumptions and Limitations

There are several uncertainties and assumptions in the assessment of zoxamide and its degradates. 

Primary among these is the lack of environmental fate data for the transformation products of 

zoxamide. In order to address this uncertainty, EFED has conducted the Tier II modeling 

(PRZM/EXAMS) on the summed zoxamide residues (zoxamide and its identifiable degradation 

products including RH-150721, RH-24549, RH-141288, RH-129151, RH-139432, RH-127450, 

and RH-163353) instead of individual residues. Although the persistence of the zoxamide 

residues was estimated from registrant submitted environmental fate data, the mobility of 

zoxamide residues was estimated using the zoxamide degradate RH-24549 (Benzoic acid, 

3,5-dichloro-4-methyl). This compound was used to assess mobility because it is expected to be a 

highly mobile zoxamide residue in soil and aquatic environments Physical chemistry 

parameters were estimated for RH-24549 (Estimation Programs Interface (EPI), Version 3.04, 

1999) and degradation rate constants were estimated by performing linear regression on the total 

residues (Sigmaplot 2000 version 6.00-Regression Wizard) from several fate studies.. 

The abiotic hydrolysis of zoxamide was assumed to be important degradation mechanism in 

aquatic metabolism studies. Therefore, in order to avoid double-counting hydrolysis in surface 

water modeling, the aquatic metabolism data were not corrected for abiotic hydrolysis and the 

hydrolysis half lives were not directly used as input into the model. 
13

Finally, there was a significant correlation (r2) of soil organic matter content and soil:water 

partitioning coefficients. Soil:water partition coefficients normalized to the organic carbon 

content of the soil (Koc) were 815, 1196, 1294, 1385 and 1431 ml/g. EFED used the slope of Kd

versus organic matter as the Koc (1345) for Tier II (PRZM/EXAMS) modeling. This modeling 

approach assumes that zoxamide sorption occurs on organic carbon only. 

AQUATIC EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Toxicity to Aquatic Animals:

Based on acceptable ecological effects data the Technical Grade Active Ingredient (TGAI) of 

zoxamide is classified as:

 Highly toxic to freshwater fishes ( rainbow trout LC50 156 ppb, bluegill sunfish LC50

>790 ppb) on an acute basis

 Practically non-toxic to estuarine/marine fishes (sheepshead minnow LC50 >860 ppb) on 

an acute basis

 Freshwater rainbow trout chronic NOAEC 3.48 ppb-( post hatchling survival rate 

affected) and fathead minnow chronic NOAEC 60 ppb-( affected parameters-length, 

hatchling success, and 28-D survival rate).

 Estuarine/marine sheepshead minnow chronic NOAEC 40 ppb-( length affected at 250 

ppb and 28-Day survival and hatchling success were affected at >250 ppb)

 Highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna EC50 >780 ppb) on an acute basis

 Highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrate (Eastern Oyster LC50 715 ppb ) and very 

highly toxic to saltwater invertebrates (mysid shrimp LC50 75 ppb) on an acute basis. 

 Freshwater invertebrates Daphnia magna chronic NOAEC 39 ppb- (survival rate 

affected) and Freshwater invertebrate midge chronic NOAEC 210 ppb

 Estuarine/marine Mysid shrimp- chronic NOAEC 7.2 ppb-(reproduction and growth rate 

affected)

Based on acceptable ecological effects data the Co-Formulation (69% mancozeb + 8.26% 

zoxamide) is classified as:

 Moderately toxic to freshwater fishes (rainbow trout LC50 1900 ppb) on an acute basis

 Moderately toxic freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna EC50 3800 ppb) on an acute 

basis

Aquatic Exposure Assessment 

Aquatic exposures were based on estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) in surface water 

from PRZM/EXAM modeling simulations for potatoes and grapes, the proposed commodities for 

zoxamide. PRZM/EXAMS modeling uses a single site that represents a high-end exposure 

scenario for the use of a pesticide on a particular crop or non-crop use site. The meteorology and 
14

agricultural practice are simulated at the site over multiple years (in this case, 23 and 36) such that 

the probability of an EEC occurring at that site can be estimated. The EECs for use in the 

ecological assessment are provided in the following table:

TABLE 6. Tier II EECs of Zoxamide in Surface Water

Crop Peak (ug/L) 21 Days (μg/L) 60 Days (μg/L)

Potatoes

Grapes

2.3

7.5

0.6

2.1

0.4

1.1

Aquatic Risk Assessment

The risk assessment integrates the results of the exposure and ecotoxicity data to evaluate the 

likelihood of adverse ecological effects. Appendix D discusses the general EFED approach for 

risk assessment, including discussion of risk quotients (RQs) and EFED levels of concern (LOCs). 

Based on the ratio of the predicted EECs and the most sensitive species toxicity value, the 

following risk determinations are predicted. Table 7 summarizes the findings of the risk analysis.

Table 7 Summary of -Level of Concern (LOCs) Exceedances

Species Acute Risk (AR)

Restricted Use

(RU)

Endangered Species (ES) Chronic Risk

(CR)

freshwater fish

No No Yes No

AR: No exceedence

RU: No exceedence

ES: Levels Of Concern value (>0.05) were triggered for multiple application rate of 0.2 lbs ai/A grapes

CR: No exceedence

estuarine/marine 

fish No No No No

AR: No exceedence

RU: No exceedence

ES: No exceedence
15

CR: No exceedence.

freshwater 

invertebrates No No No No

AR: No exceedence

RU: No exceedence

ES: No exceedence

CR: No exceedence.

estuarine/marine 

invertebrates No No Yes No

AR: No exceedence

RU: No exceedence

ES: Levels Of Concern value (>0.05) were triggered for multiple application rate of 0.2 lbs ai/A grapes

CR: No exceedence

Mammal Acute Risk (AR)

Restricted Use

(RU)

Endangered Species (ES) Chronic Risk

(CR)

None were exceeded No No No No

AR: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

RU: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

ES: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

CR: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

Birds No No No No

AR: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

RU: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

ES: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

CR: No exceedence even using the highest application rate of 8 applications at rates 0.2lbs ai/A-(potatoes and grapes)

non-target insects N/A NA N/A NA

Acute risk levels of concern (RQ> 0.5) are not triggered for freshwater fishes and invertebrates, 

and estuarine/marine invertebrates using multiple applications at 0.20 lbs ai/A (Potatoes and 

grapes scenarios)

Acute restricted use levels (RQ> 0.2) are not triggered for freshwater and estuarine fish and 

invertebrates using multiple applications at 0.20 lbs ai/A (Potatoes and Grapes scenarios)

Chronic concern levels for freshwater fishes, fathead minnows are not triggered (RQ>1.0) for 

applications made at a rate of 0.20 lbs ai/A using grapes and potatoes as the high end scenario 

based on the full-life cycle study. Rainbow trout levels of concern are not triggered for 

applications made at a rate of 0.20 lbs. ai/A using grapes as the high end scenario and based on 

the early-life stage study
16

Chronic risk concerns for estuarine/marine fishes are not triggered (RQ> 1.0) for 

estuarine/marine invertebrates using grapes and potatoes as the high end use scenario

Chronic concern levels for freshwater invertebrates are not triggered (RQ> 1.0) for multiple 

applications at 0.20 lbs ai/A using grapes and potatoes as the high end scenarios.

Chronic concern levels for estuarine/marine invertebrates (RQ >

Table 8- Ecotoxicity Comparison of mancozeb, zoxamide, and co-formulated product using 

freshwater rainbow trout

1.0) were not exceeded.

Acute endangered species concern levels (RQ> 0.05) for freshwater fishes and estuarine/marine 

invertebrates are triggered using the grape scenario at an application rate of 0.20 lbs ai/A.

Comparative Assessment of Mancozeb, Zoxamide, and Co-formulated toxicity

Based on acceptable available ecotoxicity data using mancozeb, zoxamide, and the co-formulated 

product, zoxamide and mancozeb appear to be more toxic to freshwater fishes ( rainbow trout) 

and invertebrates ( Daphnia magna) than the co-formulated product (Table 8 & 9). It is unknown if 

the toxicity differential for the co-formulated product was due to the presence of zoxamide and 

mancozeb in combination or the presence of multiple mixtures within the actual co-formulated 

product including the main degradate of mancozeb Ethylene thiourea (ETU). Also, it is not 

known if ETU played a toxic enzymatic role in decreasing the toxicity of both mancozeb and 

zoxamide in co-formulation or conversely, it is not known if ETU played a part increasing the 

toxicity for mancozeb (TGAI) as ETU is the degradate that is formed after mancozeb degrades 

very rapidly when dispersed into aquatic environments.

Species/Flow 

Through

%ai

LC50 Value

(ppb)

Toxicity 

Category

MRID No./

Author/Year

Study

Classification

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

94.2

Zoxamide

(TGAI)

69%mancozeb + 

8.26% zoxamide

156

1900

Highly toxic

Moderately

447319-26

/Sword/1995

449505-03/

Rhodes/1998

Core

Core

Rainbow Trout

(Salmo 

gairdneri)/static

80.0

Mancozeb

(TGAI)

460

Highly toxic

40118502/Terr.& 

Aquatic Bio. 

Lab.,Beltsville, 

MD/1980

Core
17

Table 9- Ecotoxicity Comparison of mancozeb, zoxamide, and co-formulated 

product using the freshwater daphnid.

Species %ai

EC50

(ppb)

Toxicity

Category

MRID/Author/

Year

Study 

Classification

Daphnid

(Daphnia magna)

Daphnid

(Daphnia magna)

94.2%

Zoxamide

(TGAI)

69% mancozeb + 

8.26 Zoxamide

> 780

3800

Highly toxic

Moderately 

toxic

447319-20/

Sword/ 1995

449505-02/

Madsen/1998

Core

Core

Daphnid

(Daphnia magna)

80.0

Mancozeb

(TGAI)

580 Highly toxic 40118503/Terr & 

aquatic Biology 

Lab MD/1980

Core

As for non-target insects, mancozeb, zoxamide, and its co-formulated product do not 

show any significant toxicological differences. In each case the toxicity rating still shows 

that all three are practically non-toxic to non-target insects (Table 10).

Table 10-Non-target insect toxicity using zoxamide, co-formulated product, and 

mancozeb

Species/(Static 

Renewal) % ai

LD50

(ug/bee)

Toxicity 

Category

MRID No.

Author/Year

Study 

Classification

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Honey bee

(Apis mellifera)

Honey bee

(Apis mellifera)

>95%

Zoxamide

(TGAI)

69% mancozeb &

8.3% Zoxamide

72.%

Mancozeb

(TGAI)

>153 ug ai/bee

>200 ug ai/bee

>178.87 ug/bee

Practically 

non-toxic

Relatively 

Non-toxic

Relatively 

Non-toxic

447319-19/

Kirkland/1993

449505-04/

Engelhard/1997

00018842/Atkins/

1969

Core

Core

Core
18

Risk Quotient Calculation for Aquatic Organisms

Based on the ratio of the predicted EECs and the most sensitive species toxicity value, risk 

quotient calculations were performed using the guidance in Appendix D. The risk quotients for 

aquatic organisms are presented in Tables 11-16. 

Table 11-Risk quotients for Freshwater fishes using the Rainbow Trout And 

PRZM/EXAM Modeling

Site LC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

60 day

(ppb)

Acute 

Risk

quotient

Chronic

Risk

Quotient

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

156 ppb

(Rainbow 

trout

Onchorynchus 

mykiss)

156 ppb

(Rainbow 

trout

Onchorynchus 

mykiss)

3.48

Rainbow 

trout

(Onchorynchu

s mykiss)

3.48

Rainbow 

trout

(Onchorynchu

s mykiss)

7.5

2.3

1.1

0.4

0.05

0.015

0.32

0.11

Table 12-Freshwater Fish Early Life-Stage Toxicity Under Flow-through Conditions

Site NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

60-Day

Chronic 

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes,

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 5 

day intervals)

3.48

3.48

1.1

0.4

0.32

0.11

Table 13--Risk Quotients For Early Life-Stage Freshwater Fish Using The Fathead 

minnow
19

Site NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

60-Day

(ppb)

Chronic 

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes,

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 5 

day intervals)

60

60

1.1

0.4

0.018

0.007

Table 14-Risk Quotients For Freshwater Invertebrates Using the Daphnia magna

And PRZM/EXAMS Modeling.

Site EC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

Initial

(pbb)

PRZM/EXAM 

21-day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

> 780

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

39

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

7.5 2.1 <0.01 0.05

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

3800

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

39

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna) 2.3 0.6 0.0006 0.015

Table 15--Risk Quotients For Estuarine/marine fishes using the sheepshead 

minnow and PRZM/EXAMS Modeling

Site EC50 NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM 

60-day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk

Quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

>860

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

>860

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

40

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

40

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus

7.5

2.3

1.1

0.4

<0.009

<0.003

0.03

0.01
20

Table 16--Risk Quotients for Estuarine/marine invertebrates using the mysid 

shrimp and PRZM/EXAMS Modeling

Site EC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM 

21-Day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk

quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

75

75

7.2

7.2

7.5

2.3

2.1

0.6

0.1

0.03

0.29

0.08

Aquatic Organism Risk Characterization 

Risk to aquatic organisms are expected to be low even when the high end use rate for 

zoxamide (0.2 lbs ai/A at 8 applications per year) is used. No levels of concern (LOCs) 

were exceeded and therefore it is concluded that aquatic organisms will be at low risk 

when multiple applications are used. However, the Agency’s level of concern for endangered 

and threatened freshwater fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates is exceeded for the proposed use 

of zoxamide on grapes. 

TERRESTRIAL EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Toxicological Profile

Based on acceptable ecotoxicity effects data the Technical Grade Active Ingredient (TGAI) of 

zoxamide is classified as:

 Practically non-toxic to avian (Bobwhite Quail) on an acute basis (LD50 >2000 

mg/kg)

 Practically non-toxic to avian species (Bobwhite Quail) on a subacute dietary 

toxicity basis (LC50 >5250 ppm)

 Practically non-toxic to mammals on an acute oral toxicity basis (LD50= >5,000 

mg/kg)

 Practically non-toxic to non-targeted insects on an acute basis (LD50 = >100 

ug/bee)
21

 Practically non-toxic to mammals on a chronic reproductive basis (NOAEL=20,000 

ppm)

 Practically non-toxic to avian species on a chronic reproductive basis (NOAEC 

1000ppm)

 Practically non-toxic to earthworm species on a chronic reproductive basis 

(NOAEC 2000 ppm)

Based on acceptable ecological effects data the Co-Formulation (69% mancozeb + 8.26% 

zoxamide)is classified as:

 Practically non-toxic to non-targeted insects on an acute basis (LD50 = >153 

ug/bee)

Terrestrial Exposure

Initial zoxamide residue levels on various types of vegetation from single applications 

are based on research of Hoerger and Kenaga (1972) and later modified by Fletcher et al. 

(1994). Estimated terrestrial exposure levels of multiple application residues available 

for dietary ingestion were generated by calculating first-order decay of a chemical applied 

to foliar surfaces. The foliar dissipation half-life was set at a default 35 days because 

foliar dissipitation data were not available. The ELL-FATE Model was used for the 

purpose of generating terrestrial EECs. EECs were generated for potatoes and grapes 

set at an application rate of 0.20 lbs ai/A. This program calculates the decay of a 

chemical pesticide applied to foliar surfaces for single and multiple applications. The 

foliar dissipation rate is based on a number of routes which include photolysis, hydrolysis 

and volatilization. Moreover, the program calculates concentrations on each type of 

food or plant surface on a daily interval for one year (365 days). The maximum 

concentration during the year and the highest average 56-days concentration are 

calculated. The calculated concentrations are used to derive both avian and mammalian 

Risk Quotient (RQ’s) values. The maximum calculated concentration is divided by the 

user input values for the chronic NOAEL and acute LC50 to give Risk Quotients for each 

type of plant surface.

Avian Risk

Predicted exposure levels on food sources were divided by the most sensitive dietary 

LC50

(>5,250 ppm) or the chronic NOAEL (1000 ppm). Results are presented in Table 17 . 

Based on these results, there is a low risk for birds. Therefore, zoxamide will pose 

minimal risk to avian species at the suggested application rates for multiple applications 

using rates for potatoes and grapes (0.20 lbs ai/A).
22

Table 17--Multiple Applications of Zoxamide for Avian Species

Site Food Items Maximum 

EECs

(ppm) 

Chronic

Maximum 

EECs

(ppm) 

For acute

LC50(ppm) NOAEC

ppm

Acute RQ

(EEC/LC50

Chronic RQ

(EEC/NOAEC)

Grapes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Broadleaf

plants/insects

Seeds

248.48

113.89

139.77

15.53

248.48

113.89

139.77

15.53

>5250 1000 <0.05

<0.02

<0.03

<0.01

0.25

0.11

0.14

0.015

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Broadleaf

plants/insects

Seeds

278.57

127.68

156.70

17.41

278.57

127.68

156.70

17.41

>5250 1000 <0.05

<0.02

<0.03

<0.01

0.30

0.13

0.16

0.02

Mammalian Risk

Terrestrial risk estimates for both crops were calculated based on the exposures 

generated from the application rate and application interval of each crop and the avian 

and mammalian toxicity. Each crop represents the best case scenario in which avian 

and mammalian species may be exposed. Calculations for mammalian risk quotients 

were based on a laboratory mouse LD50 value >5,000 mg/kg (MRID 44731837) and a 

chronic reproductive effects observed at 20,000 ppm (MRID 44770001). Results can 

found in Tables 18-20.

Predicted levels of risk for mammals were as follows:

 Acute Levels Of Concerns( RQ> 0.5) for herbivorous/insectivorous 

mammals were not triggered by estimated exposures to multiple applications of 

zoxamide at a rate of 0.20 lbs ai/A for both scenarios. Therefore, risks to 

herbivorous/insectivorous mammals are expected to be low from the 

consumption of food items treated with zoxamide.

 Acute Restricted Use Concerns for most mammals ( RQ>0.2) were not 

triggered by multiple applications at 0.20 lbs ai/A for the two scenarios

 Chronic levels of concerns ( RQ> 1.0) for herbivorous/insectivorous 

mammals were not triggered for the four modeled multiple application crop 

scenarios (grapes and potatoes @ 0.20 lbs ai/A ), therefore risk to mammals is 

expected to be low from the consumption of food items treated with zoxamide.

 Acute Endangered Species Concerns (RQ> 0.1) for all classes of 

herbivorous/insectivorous mammals ( up to 35 grams) were not triggered 

using both multiple applications scenarios (use rate 0.20 lbs ai/A)
23

Table 18--Mammalian (Herbivore/Insectivore) Acute Risk Quotients For Multiple 

Applications Of Non-granular Products(Broadcast) Based on Rattus norvegicus

LD50 of >5,000 mg/kg

Site/App. 

Method/

App Rate/

No. Of App

Body 

weight

(grams)

% Body 

weight

Consume

d

Rat

LD50

(mg/kg)

EEC

(ppm)

Short

Grass

EEC

(ppm)

Forage &

Small

Insects

EEC

(ppm)

Large

Insects

Acute

RQ

Short

Grass

Acute

RQ

Forage

Small

Insects

Acute 

RQ

Large

Insects

Grapes/ 

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr

15

35

1000

95

66

15

>5,000

>5,000

>5,000

248.48

248.48

248.48

113.89

113.89

113.89

139.77

139.77

139.77

<0.05

<0.03

<0.01

<0.02

<0.02

<0.01

<0.03

<0.02

<0.01

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/ 15

35

1000

95

66

15

>5,000

>5,000

>5,000

278.57

278.57

278.57

127.68

127.68

127.68

156.70

156.70

156.70

<0.05

<0.04

<0.01

<0.02

<0.02

<0.01

<0.03

<0.02

<0.01

1

Mammalian RQ’s = EEC

 LD50/ (%Body weight Of Mammals)

Table 19--Mammalian (Granivore) Acute Risk Quotients for Multiple Applications of 

Non-granular Products (Broadcast) based on Rattus norvegicus LD50 of >5,000 mg/kg

Site Body Weight

(g)

%Body Weight

Consumed

Rat LD50

(mg/kg)

EEC

(ppm)

Seeds

Acute RQ1 Seed

Grapes/Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 times 

per yr

15

35

1000

21

15

3

>5000

>5,000

>5,000

15.53

15.53

15.53

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/

15

35

1000

21

15

3

>5000

>5,000

>5,000

17.41

17.41

17.41

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1 Mammalian RQ= 

Table-20 -Mammalian (Granivore) Chronic Risk Quotients For Multiple 

Applications of Non-granular products (Broadcast) based on Rattus norvegicus 

NOAEL of 20,000 ppm

EEC

 LD50/(%Body Weight)

Site/ 

Application 

rate/ 

Number of 

application

Rat NOAEL

Toxicity

(ppm)

Value

EEC

(ppm)

Short Grass

EEC

(ppm)

Forage &

Small 

Insects

EEC

(ppm)

Large

Insects

Chronic

Risk 

Quotient

Short Grass

Chronic 

Risk

Quotients

(Forage &

Small 

Insects)

Chronic

Risk 

Quotients

(Large 

Insects)
24

Grapes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr 20,000 248.48 113.89 139.77 0.01 0.006 0.007

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/ 20,000 278.57 127.68 156.70 0.01 0.006 0.008

Semi-Aquatic And Terrestrial Plant Exposure And Risk Assessment

Based on valid semi-aquatic and terrestrial plant ecotoxicity data, TGAI zoxamide is: 

 Toxic to semi-aquatic plants (S.capricorntum EC50 23 ppb, Scenedesmus

subspicatus, EC50 10 ppb, Lemna gibba EC50 19ppb)

 Toxic to freshwater diatoms (EC50 >930 ppb), Marine diatoms (EC50 >910 ppb), 

and Freshwater Alga (EC50 >860 ppb)

Based on valid semi-aquatic and terrestrial plant ecotoxicity data, the Co-Formulation (69% 

mancozeb + 8.26% zoxamide)is classified as:

 Toxic to semi-aquatic plants {Lemna gibba (duckweed) EC50 19ppb, 

Scenedesmus subspicatus (freshwater alga) EC50 10 ppb}

Table-21--Risk Quotients For Terrestrial and Semi-aquatic plants

Species Application Site EC50

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

(ppb)

Acute

Value

Navicula pelliculosa

(freshwater diatom)

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 day 

intervals)

Potatoes 

>930 7.5

<0.08
25

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 day 

intervals)

>930 2.3 <0.02

Lemna gibba

(Duckweed)

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 day 

intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 day 

intervals)

19

19

7.5

2.3

0.40

0.12

Terrestrial Risk Characterization

Risk to mammals are expected to be low even when the high end use rate for zoxamide 

(0.2 lbs ai/A at 8 applications per year) is used. No levels of concern (LOCs) were 

exceeded and therefore it is concluded that mammals will be at low risk when multiple 

applications are used .

Risk quotients for non-target insects are not estimated, however, an acceptable study 

(MRID #447319-19 and #449505-04) suggest that zoxamide is practically non-toxic to 

non-target insects.

EFED’s assessment suggests that no ecological risk concerns are posed to birds from the 

use of this fungicide at the acute and chronic levels. No LOCs were exceeded for birds 

when using the high end use scenarios for potatoes and grapes. (Table 17).

ENDANGERED SPECIES

The Agency’s level of concern for endangered and threatened freshwater fish and estuarine/marine 

invertebrates is exceeded for the proposed use of zoxamide on grapes (note that there are currently 

no endangered estuarine invertebrates). The registrant must provide information on the proximity 

of Federally listed freshwater fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates to the proposed use sites. 

This information may best be provided via the FIFRA Endangered Species Task Force (Pesticide 

Registration [PR] Notice 2000-2) but may be produced independently, providing the information 

is of sufficient quality to meet FIFRA and Endangered Species Act requirements. The 

information will be used by the OPP Endangered Species Protection Program to develop 

recommendations to avoid adverse effects to listed species.
26

APPENDIX A

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DISCUSSION

and 

STRUCTURES OF ZOXAMIDE AND DEGRADATES
27

Degradate

Environmental Fate and Transport

Degradation

Hydrolysis (161-1)--An experiment to assess the hydrolysis of [14C]RH-117281 at a concentration 

of 0.5 ppm was conducted in the dark at 25 ± 1°C in sterile aqueous buffered solutions at pH 4, pH 

7 and pH 9. The first-order linear regression calculated half-lives of [14C]RH-117281 were 15.5, 

15.7 and 8.1 days for pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9, respectively. The four major (>10% of parent 

compound) transformation products were: 

1.) RH-150721 (CAS: Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl ester), 

2.) RH-24549 (CAS: Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl), 

3.) RH-141288 (CAS: Benzamide, 

3,5-dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl) 

4.) RH-129151 (CAS: 4H-1,3-Oxazin-5(6H)-one, 

2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl). 

These accounted for maximums of 37.6 % (pH 4), 30.9 % (pH 4), 50.2% (pH 9) and 24.5% (pH 7), 

respectively of the total applied parent compound. The table below shows the EFED (using first 

order linear regression) and registrant calculated (using nonlinear regression in SAS) half-lives of 

the degradates, if they could be calculated; the “<10%” means the concentration was <10% of 

applied radioactivity and no half-life was calculated, and “stable” means that the degradate either 

kept increasing or reached a plateau and did not decrease during the study:

pH 4 pH 7 pH 9

EFED Registrant EFED Registrant EFED Registrant

RH-129151 <10% <10% 28.5 days 9.1 days 9.9 days 2.4 days

RH-150721 22 days 18.3 days <10% <10% <10% <10%

RH-24549 stable stable stable stable stable stable

RH-141288 <10% <10% stable stable stable stable

Up to nine minor transformation products were detected, none of which exceeded 10% of the 

applied parent compound. The radioactivity balance ranged from 90.8 to 96% of the initial 

radioactivity. The data show that hydrolysis, especially at pH 9, is an important 

degradation process of zoxamide. The data requirement for hydrolysis is satisfied. (MRID 

44731908 and 44731909)

Photodegradation in water (161-2)--The aqueous phototransformation of [14C]RH-117281 was 

studied at ~25 °C in sterile aqueous buffered solutions at pH 4, at an initial concentration of 0.5 

mg/L under artificial light for 30 days. The half-life of [14C]RH-117281, calculated by linear 

regression by the registrant and uncorrected for the dark control, was 7.8 days. The half-life was 
28

12 days when corrected for the dark control. The dark control half-life was 22.4 days. EPA 

notes that the half-life in the pH 4 hydrolysis study was 15.5 days. If the pH 4 study half-life is 

used as the dark control, then the aqueous photolysis half-life is 15.7 days. Combining the two 

half lives give a mean of approximately 14 days which was used in modeling. The mass balance 

was 98.1 and 98.9% for the irradiated and control samples, respectively. The total CO2 and other 

volatile compounds amounted to < 0.2 and < 0.3% of the applied radioactivity, respectively. The 

major transformation products were:

1.) RH-150721, (CAS: Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl 

ester)

2.) RH-24549, (CAS: Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl)

3.) RH-139432, (CAS: Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl)

These accounted for maximums of 15, 27.7 and 42.4% of the applied radioactivity in irradiated 

samples, respectively.

This study satisfies the guideline requirement for a phototransformation study in water. (MRID 

44731911)

Photodegradation on soil (161-3)--The phototransformation of zoxamide was studied on sandy 

loam soil for 30 days at 25 °C. Test and dark control soil samples were treated with 1 ppm 

radiolabeled zoxamide equivalent to 2000 g ai/ha. The test samples were irradiated under artificial 

light.

Photodegradation of zoxamide on soil does not appear to be a major route of dissipation because 

the half-lives in irradiated and dark control samples were similar, 10.2 and 11.7 days, respectively. 

Correcting for the dark control half-life produced a soil photolysis half-life of 78 days, also 

indicating a little soil photodegradation . Furthermore, the pattern of transformation products 

formation was very similar in the irradiated samples and the dark controls. It appears that 

degradation was primarily microbial or hydrolytic and not due to photolytic processes.

The mass balance was 102.23 and 100.22% for the irradiated and control samples, respectively. 

The total recovery of radiolabelled CO2 and volatile compounds was minor, averaging 0.34% for 

irradiated samples and 0.29% control samples. Mean total radiocarbon as bound residues (in the 

post extraction solid (PES).

Soil bound residues accounted for 32% of the applied radioactivity. fraction) on day 30 was 

30.77% and 31.86% for irradiated and control samples. Less than 1% of the applied radioactivity 

was CO2. In addition to the parent compound, 12 other transformation products were detected 

during the 30 day study. The major transformation product (RH-24549 or 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl 

benzoic acid) accounted for approximately 22% of the applied dose. Another transformation 

product (RH-127450, a dechlorination product of the parent chemical), which accounted for nearly 

11% of the total applied radioactivity at Day 14. The third most prevalent transformation product 
29

(# 1) reached a maximum of 6.73% of the total applied dose at Day 21 and was proposed as a 

dihydroxy product. The concentration of all other transformation products was never greater than 

4% of the applied dose. This study is acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for a 

phototransformation study on soil.(MRID 44731910)

Metabolism

Aerobic soil metabolism 162-1)--The biotransformation of zoxamide was studied on loamy sand 

and silt loam soils for 122 d under aerobic conditions at 25 °C, pH 6.8-6.9 and 75% field moisture 

capacity (FMC) at 1.5 mg a.i/kg dry soil. The DT50s of RH-117281 in soil were 14 d (loamy 

sand) and 7-14 d (silt loam) based on a visual examination of the dissipation curves. Using 1st

order linear regression of time vs. natural log of the concentration, EFED determined the half-lives 

to be 38.1days (loamy sand) and 37.5 days (silt loam). The total CO2 and other volatile 

compounds released at the end of the 122 d incubation period amounted to 34.36% (loamy sand 

soil) and 47.77 % (silt loam soil) of the applied amount. No transformation products were 

detected in concentrations > 10% of applied radioactivity. The major transformation pathway of 

zoxamide was to CO2 via the transformation products RH-139432 and RH-24549. After 122 d, 

13.59-23.59% and 33.01-38.43% of the applied amount of radioactivity was present in the test 

soils as extractable and bound residues, respectively. The overall average mass balances were 

98.42% (loamy sand) and 97.03% (silt loam). This study is acceptable and satisfies the guideline 

requirement for a biotransformation study in aerobic soil. (MRID 44731912)

Anaerobic soil metabolism (162-2)--Zoxamide (1.5 ppm) was studied in a pH 7.2 sandy loam 

soil for 59 days under anaerobic conditions at 25 + 1°C and 75 % moisture. The half-life of 

zoxamide in soil was 14.6 days. 

The total CO2 and volatile compounds released amounted to ~ 5 % of the applied dose, indicating 

little if any oxidative mineralization. The average total 14C recovery throughout the 59-day study 

was 99.04 %. Parent chemical and eleven transformation products were observed in this study. 

Two major transformation products were detected: RH-24549 (2,5-dichloro-4-methyl benzoic 

acid) and RH-127450 (a dechlorination product); the concentrations of other transformation 

product did not exceed 5 %.

The total amount of radioactivity remaining as parent compound was determined to be 47.39 % at 

the beginning of anaerobic incubation (day 0) and decreased to 2.43 % by day 59. At the end of 

59-day incubation period under anaerobic conditions, the amount of total extractable residues 

decreased from an average of 67.84 % at day 0 to 45.24 % of the applied dose, whereas the amount 

of bound residue in the post extraction solids (PES) increased from 27.26 % at day 0 to 53.50% of 

the applied dose. The majority of the radioactivity was extracted into the organic phase.

It should be noted by the registrant that EFED prefers the submission of the anaerobic aquatic 

metabolism study instead of the anaerobic soil metabolism study. The anaerobic aquatic 

metabolism study provides more information related to patterns of formation and decline of parent 

and major degradates, half-life, etc., through the use of more frequent sampling intervals and a 
30

longer sampling period (generally up to a year). It should be noted that in future submissions, the 

anaerobic aquatic metabolism study will be required. Furthermore, the redox potential should be 

measured in future studies to verify that anaerobic conditions occurred.

This study is acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for a biotransformation study in 

anaerobic soil. (MRID 44731914)

Aerobic aquatic metabolism (162-4)--This study is classified as acceptable and shows that 

zoxamide degradates in the water + sediment with half-lives of 3.6 and 7.6 days, respectively in 

river and pond systems.

The biotransformation of [

14C]RH-117281 was studied in river and pond sediment/water systems 

for 106 d under aerobic conditions at 20°C and 10°C and pH 7-8 at an application rate of 0.072 mg 

a.i/L. The registrant determined the half-lives in the water, sediment and total system (water + 

sediment) by use of first order non-linear regression. The decline times (DT50) of [14C]RH-117281 

in the water + sediment of system 1 (Rhine River) were: 7.0 d (20°C) and 10.9 d (10°C ). 

Similarly, the decline times in the water + sediment of system 2 (pond, Judenweiher) were:6.1 d 

and 21.0 d, respectively.

Since Tier I and Tier II models for estimating drinking water concentrations are based on first 

order kinetics, EFED used a linear first order model to estimate the aerobic aquatic metabolism 

half-lives for zoxamide in the total systems (water + sediment). The total system is used because 

total degradation can be accounted for without considering the impact of adsorption on pesticide 

removal. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.97, 0.99, 0.96, and 0.95) indicates the linear first 

order model adequately describes the variability in the data. The first order linear regression (time 

vs. natural logarithm of the percent concentration remaining) produced the following half-lives: 

Rhine River: 3.6 d (20°C) and 10.9 d (10°C ); Pond system:7.6 d (20°C) and 14.5 d (10°C). 

The total CO2 and volatile compounds released during the 106 d incubation period in system 1, 

amounted to 21.9% (20°C) and 6.5% (10°C) of the applied amount. In system 2, the 

corresponding values were 19.7% and 4.0%, respectively. The mass balance in system 1 was 

98.0 ± 2.4% (20°C) and 96.8 ± 2.3% (10°C) and in system 2, it was 97.5 ± 2.5% (20°C) and 96.4 ± 

1.8% (10°C). The major transformation products detected were RH-127450 (IUPAC: 

3,5-Dichloro-N-(1-ethyl-1-methylacetonyl)-p-toluamide) and RH-163353 (name not specified). 

The major pathway of transformation of [14C]RH-117281 was dechlorination, followed by ring 

closure and oxidation. In system 1, maximums of 64.4% (20°C) and 71.7% (10°C) of the applied 

radioactivity partitioned from the water into the sediment. In system 2, maximums of 79.3 % 

(20°C) and 83.2% (10°C) of the applied radioactivity partitioned from the water into the sediment. 

In system 1, at the end of the 106 d incubation period, 16.7%, 27.8% and 36.6% of applied amount 

was present in the water, sediment extractable and sediment-bound residues, respectively at 20°C. 

The corresponding values at 10°C were: 22.5%, 31.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. In system 2, at 

the end of the 106 d incubation period, 6.9%, 33.0% and 39.0% of applied amount was present in 

the water, sediment extractable and sediment-bound residues, respectively at 20°C. The 

corresponding values at 10°C were: 10.7%, 43.3%, and 37.3%, respectively. -This study satisfies 
31

the guideline requirement for a biotransformation study in aerobic sediment/water (MRID 

44770002)

Mobility

Leaching/adsorption/desorption (163-1)--EFED concludes that parent zoxamide does not 

appear to have the potential to be mobile in the soil.

The adsorption/desorption characteristics of [

14C]RH-117281 were studied for 2 or 24 hours in 

five soils (loam, sandy loam, silty clay loam, sandy loam and silty loam) from the U.S. The 

adsorption Kd and Koc values 3.4, 10.3, 12.4, 15.2, and 25.3 L/Kg and 815, 1196, 1294, 1385, and 

1431L/Kg, respectively. The percent of the applied radioactivety adsorbed in soils ranged from 

33.3 to 80.4%. The desorption Kd and Koc values ranged from 4.2 to 29.6 L/Kg and 927 to 1671 

L/Kg, respectively. The percent of adsorbed amount desorbed in soils ranged from 16 to 61.8%. 

The desorption Kd and Koc values were similar to those obtained for adsorption. The mass 

balance at the end of study amounted to > 97%. The authors stated that little, if any, parent, 

degraded during the equilibrium phase of the studies and they assumed that all of the radioactivity 

was due to parent zoxamide. Therefore, the adsorption/desorption characteristics of the soils 

were calculated based only on the radioactivity and not on concentration of parent in water and 

soil.

The coefficient of determination (r2) values for the Kd values versus the soil organic carbon 

content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and clay content were 0.837, 0.178, 0.551, and 0.584, 

respectively. Only the correlation between Kd and soil organic carbon was significant.

No additional information on the mobility of unaged zoxamide in soil is required at this time. To 

fulfill the data requirement, data are required on the mobility of zoxamide degradates that were 

detected in the other laboratory studies at concentrations > 10% of applied radioactivity. Batch 

equilibrium studies using radiolabeled synthesized degradates may be necessary to assess 

degradate mobility.

In order to determine whether the Koc model is valid (i.e., Kd correlates with the organic carbon 

content of the soils analyzed), and subsequently which value to use (either Kd or Koc) in the 

models, a plot of Kd vs. %OC was performed and checked for a significant correlation. This 

was done by running a linear regression between the two variables. The F-test (see below) 

indicated that a significant correlation exists between Kd and %OC; therefore, the slope (1345 

L/kg) of the regression between Kd and %OC is the Koc to be used in PRZM/EXAMS modeling. 

For GENEEC modeling the lowest non-sand Koc is used.

The average soil distribution coefficients for adsorption, Kdads, the adsorption coefficient 

normalized for organic carbon, Koc as well as the desorption coefficients, Kddes, are given below:

SOIL %OC Kd ads Kd des Koc ads Koc des 1/N
32

Loam 1.27 10.35 11.78 815 927 .896

Sandy loam 0.26 3.36 4.21 1294 1618 .986

Silty clay 

loam

1.77 25.33 29.57 1431 1671 .963

Sandy Loam 1.10 15.23 15.56 1385 1415 .953

Silty Loam 1.04 12.44 10.73 1196 1032 1.067

This study is marginally acceptable and partially fulfills the leaching/adsorption/desorption by 

providing information on the mobility (batch equilibrium) of unaged zoxamide in loam, sandy 

loam, silty clay loam, and silty loam soils. (MRID 44731916)

Dissipation

Field dissipation (164-1)--Soil dissipation/accumulation of RH-7281 under US field conditions 

was conducted in bare plots at 2 sites, one in Madera, California and the other one in Lyons, New 

York. The sites at Madera and Lyons were in ecoregions California mediterranean and Mixed 

wood plains, respectively. The registrant calculated the half-lives from non-linear regression of 

time vs. zoxamide concentration after multiple applications. Under field conditions at Madera, 

RH-7281 had a DT50 value of 5.8 days in a loamy sand. Under field conditions at Lyons, 

RH-7281had a DT50 value of 8.2 days in a sandy soil. The DT90s were < 30 days. 

RH-7281dissipated from the maximum residue level of 0.5 mg a.i./kg soil at Day 0 (0-7.5 cm 

depth) to or below the limit of detection at 0.003 mg a.i./kg soil by Day 91. At the end of the 91 

day period, there was no carryover of residues. The transformation products of RH-7281 were 

neither identified nor was their fate monitored. An additional field dissipation study was also 

conducted in New York with a single application of zoxamide. The nonlinear half-life was 5.5 

days.

EPA calculated the half-lives from linear regression of time vs. natural logarithm of the 

concentration. The half-lives were 11.5 and 17.7 days, respectively, for the California and New 

York soils with multiple applications, and 15 days in the New York soil with a single application.

The storage stability study showed an approximate 25% and 35% decrease after 280 and 365 days 

of storage, respectively based on extrapolation from the regression curve of time in storage vs. 

concentration. Furthermore, the individual data show a significant amount of variation in 

recovery after storage, ranging from 113 to 50.8%. This study does not satisfy the guideline 

requirement for terrestrial field studies of dissipation in the California and New York because the 

fate of transformation products, detected in the laboratory studies, has not been described and 

because there are insufficient data on the stability of zoxamide during storage. (MRID 

44732127) 

Soil dissipation of RH-7281 under Canadian field conditions was conducted in bare plots at 3 sites: 

(1) Minto, Manitoba, (2) Branchton, Ontario and (3) Hunter River, Prince Edward Island. Under 

field conditions at Minto, RH-7281 had a DT50 value of 4.6 days in a loam. Under field 
33

conditions at Branchton, RH-7281had a DT50 value of 9.0 days in a silt loam. Under field 

conditions at Hunter River, RH-7281had a DT50 value of 15 days in a sandy loam. 

RH-7281dissipated from the maximum residue level of 0.5 mg a.i./kg soil at Day 0 (0-7.5 cm 

depth) to or below the limit of detection at 0.003 mg a.i./kg soil by Day 231. No carryover of 

residues to the next field season is expected to occur based on these data. The transformation 

products of RH-7281 were neither identified nor was their fate monitored.

The residues of RH-7281 were primarily detected in the top (0-7.5 cm) soil layer. Plant uptake 

and volatilization were not measured. The major routes of dissipation of RH-7281 under terrestrial 

field conditions are unknown. The mass accounting could not be calculated because 

volatilization, bound residues and/or plant uptake were not measured.

EPA calculated the half-lives from linear regression of natural logarithm vs. time of the 

concentration in the 0-15 cm soil depth. The half-lives were 9.4, 14.2, and 68.6 days, 

respectively, for the Manitoba, Ontario and Prince Edward Island soils after 10 applications of 200 

g ai/ha (0.18 lb ai/A).

The registrant-calculated half-lives for the three field sites were determined based on data for the 

0- to 3-inch (0- to 7.5-cm) depth only and, therefore, are of questionable worth. It is necessary 

that half-life calculations be based on data for the top 0-6 inches (0-15 cm). Additionally, the 

registrant calculated the half-lives using data points for intervals at which the parent was not 

detected (230-359 days, 261-365 days, and 293 days for the Manitoba, Ontario, and Prince Edward 

Island field sites, respectively.

This study does not satisfy the guideline requirement for terrestrial field studies of 

dissipation/accumulation in Canada because the fate of transformation products, detected in the 

laboratory studies in concentrations > 10% has not been described and because there is insufficient 

data to determine storage stability of zoxamide during storage. Therefore, this study is classified 

as supplementary information. (MRID 44732126)

Accumulation

Bioconcentration in fish (165-4)--A bioaccumulation study with Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis 

macrochirus) was conducted to determine the potential of RH-117281 to bioaccumlate in fish 

tissue. Exposure concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 μg/L were used for the 28-day bioconcentration 

portion of the study which was followed by a 14-day depuration period. 

The rate of uptake in the exposure phase, k1, were estimated to be 228 + 26 and 180 + 32 μg/kg of 

fish per μg/L of water per day at the low and high exposure levels, respectively. A 90 % 

steady-state in the uptake was reached on day 1.4 + 

Kinetic bioconcentration factors (BCFKs) were 8.1-30 for muscle, 64-360 for vicera, and 34-180 

for whole fish. Steady-state bioconcentration factors for whole fish were determined to be 136 +19 

at 0.05 μg/L and 95 +24 at 5.0 μg/L. The depuration constant, k2, was estimated to be 1.7 +0.14 and 

0.11 and on day 1.2 + 0.22 post-initiation at the 

low and high exposure levels, respectively. 
34

1.9 +0.33 per day at the low and high exposure levels, respectively. By day 0.41 + 0.034 following 

low exposure, and day 0.37 + 0.065 following high exposure, 50 % of RH-117281 had depurated. 

The results of this study indicated that RH-117281 was rapidly absorbed and moderately rapidly 

excreted. The kinetic BCF values did not exceed 360 in viscera, 30 in fillets and 180 in whole fish, 

but the lipid adjusted BCF values ranged from 464-1670 which suggested that RH-117281 has a 

moderate potential to bioaccumulate in fish.

This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for bioaccumulation 

in fish study. 

Spray Drift (201-1 and 202-1):

No spray drift-specific studies were reviewed for this pesticide. Droplet size spectrum (201-1) 

and drift field evaluation (202-1) studies are required since the product may be applied by aerial 

and ground spray equipment and due to the concern for potential risk to nontarget plants. 

However, to satisfy these requirements the registrant, in conjunction with other registrants of other 

pesticide active ingredients, formed the Spray Drift Task Force (SDTF). The SDTF has 

completed and submitted to the Agency its series of studies which are intended to characterize 

spray droplet drift potential due to various factors, including application methods, application 

equipment, meteorological conditions, crop geometry, and droplet characteristics. In the interim 

and for this assessment, the Agency is relying on previously submitted spray drift data and the 

open literature for off-target drift rates. The standard assumption used by EFED for ground and 

aerial application is that 1 and 5% of the application rate is deposited 100 ft down wind, 

respectively. After peer review of the SDTF data is completed, the Agency will determine 

whether a reassessment is warranted of the potential risks from the application of this chemical.
35

Table A-1. Environmental Degradates of Zoxamide

Confirmed

Degradate

Lab Results

Max %AR1

Chemical Structure

(Study)

RH-150721 38(hydrolysis, pH 4)

11(aerobic aquatic, 

soil)

11(aqueous photol)

Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl, 

3-amino-3-methyl-2-oxopentyl ester

RH-24549 31(hydrolysis, pH 4)

21(hydrolysis, pH 7)

12(hydrolysis, pH 9)

28(aqueous photol)

22(soil photol) 

7(aerobic soil)

17(anaerobic soil)

RH-141288 22(hydrolysis, pH 7)

50(hydrolysis, pH 9)

0.7(anaerobic soil)

10.5 (fish)

RH-129151 25(hydrolysis, pH 7)

 1 %AR =% of applied radioactivity.
36

16(hydrolysis, pH 9)

4(soil photol)

1.6(aerobic soil)

0.9(anaerobic soil)

RH-139432 42(aqueous photol)

1(aerobic soil)

0.5(anaerobic soil)

RH-127450 11(soil photol)

6(aerobic soil)

13(anaerobic soil)

13(aerobic aquatic, water)

20(aerobic aquatic, sed.)

17(fish)

RH-163353 16(aerobic aquatic, water)

7(aerobic aquatic, sed.)
37

RH-141452 0.2(anaerobic soil) No structure reported

Bound 

residues

32(soil photolysis)

39(aerobic soil)

56(anaerobic soil)

37 (aerobic aquatic, 

sed.)

Not applicable

Carbon 

Dioxide

<1(aqueous 

photolysis)

<1(soil photolysis)

48(aerobic soil)

5(anaerobic soil)

20(aerobic aquatic)

N/A

Volatile 

compounds

N/A
38

APPENDIX B

MODELING DISCUSSION
39

AQUATIC EXPOSURE AND DRINKING WATER ASSESSMENT 

Uncertainties, Assumptions and Limitations

Input parameters used in Tier I (GENEEC) and Tier II (PRZM/EXAMS) modeling were selecting 

using Agency guidance (“Guidance for Chemistry and Management Practice Input Parameters 

for Use in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of” dated August 6, 2000) and EFED 

calculated degradation rate constants from review of registrant submitted environmental fate 

studies. The abiotic hydrolysis of zoxamide was assumed to be important degradation 

mechanism in aquatic metabolism studies. Therefore, in order to avoid double-counting hydrolysis 

in surface water modeling, the aquatic metabolism data were not corrected for abiotic hydrolysis.

Zoxamide is proposed for use on grapes and potatoes throughout the U.S., therefore, two scenarios 

were simulated to estimate what the runoff concentrations would be under a range of cropping 

systems. EFED selected scenarios in New York for grapes and Maine for potatoes. Both 

scenarios represent EFED standard scenarios developed for use in modeling the respective crops. 

Each scenario was developed to approximately represent the 90th percentile site for runoff 

vulnerability in a high usage state with New York representing the third highest acreage state for 

grapes and Maine representing the fifth highest acreage state for potatoes. Application timing 

was taken from registrant provided information and recent labels.

The standard scenario for potatoes is based on usage patterns in Arastook County, Maine. The soil 

is a Conant silt loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods) in Major Land Use Area 

(MLRA) 143. The Conant silt loam is a very deep, moderately well drained and somewhat poorly 

drained soil formed in glacial till. The soil is characterized as a Hydrologic Group C soil. The 

standard scenario for grapes is based on usage patterns in Chautauqua County, New York. The 

soil is a Hornell silt loam (fine, illitic, acid, mesic Aeric Endoaquepts) in MLRA 100. The Hornell 

silt loam is a moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained soil formed in till overlying shale or 

siltstone. The soil is characterized as a Hydrologic Group D soil.

A major uncertainty in the assessment is the lack of environmental fate data for the transformation 

products of zoxamide. In order to address this uncertainty, EFED has conducted the Tier II 

modeling on the zoxamide residues (RH-150721, RH-24549, RH-141288, RH-129151, 

RH-139432, RH-127450, and RH-163353) identified in the fate studies instead of individual 

residues. This approach was taken because the environmental fate studies were deficient in 

addressing the fate of zoxamide transformation. No data were provided by the registrant assessing 

fate parameters for zoxamide residues, therefore, the half-lives were calculated on sum of the total 

identifiable residues. The Agency has estimated various fate parameters for use in the drinking 

water exposure assessment by performing linear regression on the total residues (as employed 

through the Sigmaplot-Regression Wizard) for the Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism, Photolysis, 

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism, and Aerobic Soil Metabolism. Although the persistence of 

zoxamide residues was estimated from registrant submitted environmental fate data for parent 

zoxamide, the mobility of zoxamide residues was estimated using the zoxamide degradate 

RH-24549 (Benzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-4-methyl). This compound is expected to be an anion 

under most environmental conditions; hence, it is expected to be highly mobile in soil and 
40

aquatic environments Physical chemistry parameters were estimated for RH-24549 (Estimation 

Programs Interface (EPI), Version 3.04, 1999) which estimates fate parameter using published 

equations. More detail on EPI estimation techniques may be found at 

http://syrres.com/interkow/epi.htm.and degradation rate constants were estimated by performing 

linear regression on the total residues (Sigmaplot-Regression Wizard, Version 6.00, 2000) from 

several fate studies. 

The index reservoir represents potential drinking water exposure from a specific area (Mississippi) 

with specific cropping patterns, weather, soils, and other factors (use of an index reservoir for 

areas with different climates, crops, pesticides used, sources of water, and hydrogeology creates 

uncertainties). If a community derives its drinking water from a large river, then the estimated 

exposure would likely be higher than the actual exposure. Conversely, a community that derives 

its drinking water from smaller bodies of water with minimal outflow would likely get higher 

drinking water exposure that estimated using the index reservoir. Areas with a less humid climate 

that use a similar reservoir and cropping patterns would likely get less pesticides in their drinking 

water than predicted levels. A single steady flow has been used to represent the flow through the 

reservoir. Discharge from the reservoir also removes chemical from it so this assumption will 

underestimate removal from the reservoir during wet periods and overestimates removal during 

dry periods. This assumption can both underestimate or overestimate the concentration in the 

pond depending upon the annual precipitation pattern at the site. The index reservoir scenario

uses the characteristic of a single soil to represent the soil in the basin. In fact, soils can vary 

substantially across even small areas, and thus, this variation is not reflected in these simulations. 

The index reservoir scenario does not consider tile drainage. Areas that are prone to substantial 

runoff are often tile drained. This may underestimate exposure, particularly on a chronic basis. 

EXAMS is unable to easily model spring and fall turnover which results in complete mixing of the 

chemical through the water column at these times. Because of this inability, Shipman City Lake 

has been simulated without stratification. There is data to suggest that Shipman City Lake does 

indeed stratify in the deepest parts of the lake at least in some years. This may result in both over 

and underestimation of the concentration in drinking water depending upon the time of the year 

and the depth the drinking water intake is drawing from.

PRZM/EXAMS is a field-scale model which treats watersheds as large fields. It assumes that the 

entire area of the watershed is planted with the crop of interest (i.e., 100% crop coverage). This 

assumption may not hold for areas larger than a few hectares, such as watersheds containing 

drinking water reservoirs. Therefore, pesticide concentrations (peak and/or long-term average) 

were estimated with PRZM/EXAMS (the index reservoir modification changes the surface water 

body parameters used in EXAMS) and the model results from PRZM/EXAMS were adjusted 

by a factor that represents the maximum percent crop area found for the crop or crops being 

evaluated. Percent crop areas (PCAs) were derived on a watershed basis with GIS tools using 1992 

Census of Agriculture data and 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) coverage for the coterminous 

United States. The maximum PCA derived from this project was selected to represent the 

modeled crop or crops. The PCA assumes the distribution of the crops within a county is uniform 

and homogeneous throughout the county area. Distance between the treated fields and the water 

body is not addressed.
41

The PCA is a watershed-based modification. Implicit in its application is the assumption that 

currently-used field-scale models reflect basin-scale processes consistently for all pesticides and 

uses. In other words, we assume that the large field simulated by the coupled PRZM and EXAMS 

models is a reasonable approximation of pesticide fate and transport within a watershed that 

contains a drinking water reservoir. If the models fail to capture pertinent basin-scale fate and 

transport processes consistently for all pesticides and all uses, the application of a factor that 

reduces the estimated concentrations predicted by modeling could, in some instances, result in 

inadvertently passing a chemical through the screen that may actually pose a risk. Some 

preliminary assessments made in the development of the PCA suggest that PRZM/EXAMS may 

not be realistically capturing basin-scale processes for all pesticides or for all uses. A preliminary 

survey of water assessments which compared screening model estimates to readily available 

monitoring data suggest uneven model results. In some instances, the screening model estimates 

are more than an order of magnitude greater than the highest concentrations reported in available 

monitoring data; in other instances, the model estimates are less than monitoring concentrations. 

Because of these concerns, the SAP recommended using the PCA only for “major” crops in the 

South. For other crops, development of PCAs will depend on the availability of relevant 

monitoring data that could be used to evaluate the result of the PCA adjustment.

Water Resources Summary

Because zoxamide is not included among regulated or unregulated chemicals required as analytes 

in testing of public drinking water supplies, drinking-water monitoring results are not available. 

Therefore, the aquatic and drinking water exposure assessments are based on modeling 

predictions. 

Ecological Assessment

Tier I Modeling--Input parameters for GENEEC (Table B-1) were selected according to current 

EFED guidance (“Guidance for Chemistry and Management Practice Input Parameters for Use in 

Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides” dated August 6, 2000). 

GENEEC modeling estimates that aerially and ground-applied zoxamide are not expected to 

exceed, respectively, 16.4 and 18.4 μg/L for the annual peak concentration (acute) and 4.2 and 

4.7 μg/L for the 56 day average concentration (chronic), respectively for the grape and potato uses 

(Table B-2). 

Table B-1. Input Parameters for Zoxamide for GENEEC (Version 1.2) used in the 

Aquatic Exposure Assessment

Parameter

(units)

Input Value Source of Information/

Reference

Application rate

(pounds a.i. acre-1

)

0.2 Product label

Number of applications 8 Product label
42

Table B-1. Input Parameters for Zoxamide for GENEEC (Version 1.2) used in the 

Aquatic Exposure Assessment

Parameter

(units)

Input Value Source of Information/

Reference

Interval between applications (days) 5 (potatoes) 7 (grapes) Product label

Partition Coefficient

Kd or Koc (mL go.c.-1 or L kgo.c.-1

)

Koc = 815 L/kg MRID 44731916

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (t1/2 in days) 38.7 days (UB 90th % of 37.5 and 38.1 

days)

MRID 44731912

MRID 44731913

Wetted in? No Product label

Depth of incorporation (inches) 0 Product label

Method of application aerial and ground Product label 

Solubility in water (mg/L) 0.68 MRID 44731803 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (t1/2 in 

days)

11.8 days (UB 90th % of 3.6 and 7.6 days) MRID 44700002

Hydrolysis (pH 7) (t1/2 in days) 0 days MRID 44731908

Aquatic Photolysis (pH 7) (t1/2 in days) 14 days (dark corrected value) MRID 44731911

Table B-2. Estimated Environmental Concentrations (μg/L) of Zoxamide in Surface Water 

(GENEEC Tier 1 modeling) used for Aquatic Exposure Assessment.

Application Regime Crop Peak 4 day 21 day 56 day

Multiple Aerial Potatoes 18.4 16.6 9.8 4.7 

Multiple Ground Potatoes 17.6 15.8 9.4 4.5 

Multiple Aerial Grapes 16.4 14.8 8.7 4.2 

Multiple Ground Grapes 15.8 14.2 8.4 4.0 

GENEEC modeling was performed to estimate parent equivalent concentrations of zoxamide 

residues (zoxamide + degradation products). The input for modeling zoxamide residues is in 

Table B-3. Tier I modeling estimates that zoxamide residues (zoxamide + degradation products) 

which are aerially and ground-applied are not expected to exceed, respectively, 61.1 and 57.0 

μg/L for the annual peak concentration (acute) and 48.3 and 45.1 μg/L for the 56 day average 

concentration (chronic), respectively for the grape and potatoes (Table B-4).

Table B-3. Input Parameters for Total Zoxamide Residues for GENEEC (Version 1.2) 

used in the Aquatic Exposure Assessment
43

Parameter

(units)

Input Value Source of Information/

Reference

Application rate

(pounds a.i. acre-1

)

0.2 Product label

Number of applications 8 Product label

Interval between applications (days) 5 (potatoes) 7 (grapes) Product label

Partition Coefficient

Kd or Koc (mL go.c.-1 or L kgo.c.-1

)

Koc = 64.2 L/kg EPI

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (t1/2 in days) 61.8 days (UB 90th % of 53.7 and 45.9 

days)

Estimated from

MRID 44731912

MRID 44731913

Wetted in? No Product label

Depth of incorporation (inches) 0 Product label

Method of application aerial and ground Product label 

Solubility in water (mg/L) 27.9 EPI 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (t1/2 in 

days)

85.4 days (UB 90th % of 90, 73.7, 58.7 and 

77 days)

Estimated from

MRID 44700002

Hydrolysis (pH 7) (t1/2 in days) 0 days Estimated from

MRID 44731908

Aquatic Photolysis (pH 7) (t1/2 in days) 0 days Estimated from

MRID 44731911

Table B-4. Estimated Environmental Concentrations (μg/L) of Total Zoxamide Residues in 

Surface Water (GENEEC Tier 1 modeling) used for Aquatic Exposure Assessment.

Application Regime Crop Peak 4 day 21 day 56 day

Multiple Aerial Potatoes 57.0 56.2 52.1 45.1 

Multiple Ground Potatoes 56.3 55.5 51.5 44.5 

Multiple Aerial Grapes 61.1 60.3 55.9 48.3 

Multiple Ground Grapes 60.4 59.6 55.2 47.8 

Tier II Modeling

Standard pond scenario modeling for EECs--Tier II (PRZM/EXAMS) was performed for 

zoxamide because Tier I results exceeded certain aquatic exposure levels. In performing the Tier 

II assessment, several factors were considered in choosing the modeling scenario to represent an 

upper end (90th percentile) runoff site. These factors included maximum application rate, number 

of applications, interval between applications, irrigation system, and the vulnerability of the soil in 

the use area. EFED standard scenarios were used for both grape and potato scenarios (for both 
44

standard pond and Index Reservoir). Input parameters for PRZM/EXAMS modeling for aquatic 

exposure (Tables B-5 and B-6) were selected according to current EFED guidance.

Tier II surface water modeling for aquatic exposure assessment using the standard pond predicts 

the 1 in 10 year peak (acute) concentration of parent zoxamide on grapes is not likely to exceed 7.5 

μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 2.3 μg/L. The 1 in 10 year 4 day average 

concentration of parent zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 4.3 μg/L and on 

potatoes is not likely to exceed 1.2 μg/L. The 1 in 10 year 21 day average concentration of parent 

zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 2.1 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 

0.6 μg/L. The 1 in 10 year 60 day average concentration of parent zoxamide residues on grapes is 

not likely to exceed 1.1 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 0.4 μg/L. Results of Tier II 

modeling of zoxamide for Aquatic exposure are presented in Table B-7.
45

Table B-5. Input Parameters for Zoxamide for PRZM (Version 3.12) for Aquatic 

Exposure Assessment.

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of 

Info/Reference

Application date(s) (day/mo/yr) APD, APM, IAPYR 

(day/mo/yr)

8 times per year

5 day minimum interval

Product label or 

location-specific 

Incorporation depth DEPI (cm) 0 Product label 

Application rate TAPP 

(kg a.i. ha-1

)

0.22 Product label 

Application efficiency APPEFF

(decimal)

0.95 Spray Drift Task Force 

Data 

Spray drift fraction: For aquatic ecological 

exposure assessment, use 0.05 for aerial spray; 

0.01 for ground spray. For drinking water 

assessment, use 0.16 for aerial 0.064 for ground 

spray.

DRFT

(decimal)

0.05 or 0.01 for Eco

0.16 or 0.064 for DW

Spray Drift Task Force 

Data 

Foliar extraction FEXTRA

(frac./cm rain)

0.5 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Decay rate on foliage PLDKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Volatilization rate from foliage PLVKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Plant uptake factor UPTKF

(frac. of evap)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon 

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (surface)

(day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (surface) 

(day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Pesticide partition or distribution coefficients for 

each horizon 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

Koc (slope of regression 

from registrant submitted 

data)

1345 mL g-1 MRID 44731916

Table B-6. Input Parameters for Zoxamide.chm Files Used in EXAMS (version 2.97.5) for 

Aquatic Exposure Assessment.
46

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of 

Info/Reference

Henry's law constant HENRY 

(atm-m3

mole-1) 

<6.59 x 10-3Pa/mol.m3 From registrant or 

product chemistry 

Bacterial biolysis in water column

(aerobic aquatic metabolism)

KBACW

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

T1/2 =11.8 days (UB 90th % of 

3.6 and 7.6 days)

Rate constant = 0.00245/hr

MRID 44770002

Bacterial biolysis in benthic sediment

(anaerobic aquatic or aerobic aquatic 

metabolism)

KBACS1

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

0 MRID 44770002

Direct photolysis (aqueous photolysis) KDP

(hour-1

)

T1/2 = 14 days (dark corrected 

value)

Rate constant =0.0021/hr

MRID 44731911

Base hydrolysis KBH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Neutral hydrolysis KNH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Acid hydrolysis KAH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Partition coefficient for sediments 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

need Kd from soil closest to crop scenario

Koc (mL g-1 or L kg-1) 1345 mL g-1 MRID 44731916

Molecular weight MWT (g mole-1) 336.1 Calculated 

Aqueous solubility (Multiply water solubility by 

10)

SOL (mg L-1) = 6.8 MRID 44731803

Vapor pressure VAPR (torr) <1.0 x 10-7 torr @ 25°C MRID 44731803

Sediment bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAS 2 Standard value 

Water bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAW 2 Standard value

Table B-7. PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Zoxamide Concentrations in the Aquatic (Pond) 

Scenario

Simulation Scenarios

Concentration (ug/L)

1 in 10 Year Estimate

Crop and Location Scenario Peak 96 Hour 21 Day 60 Day

Potatoes, Arastook Co., 

ME

Aquatic(Pond) Scenario 2.3 1.2 0.6 0.4

Grapes Chautauqua Co, 

NY

Aquatic (Pond) Scenario 7.5 4.3 2.1 1.1

Index reservoir and percent crop area
47

Tier II drinking water assessment for the use of zoxamide on grapes and potatoes was performed 

using the PRZM/EXAMS modeling with a reservoir index (IR) and a percent crop area (PCA) 

scenario and a standard pond scenario. As per the EFED guidance document for using the percent 

area crop for Tier II modeling, the default PCA of 0.87 was used because there are no peer 

reviewed PCAs for these crops. According to the label (DP Barcode D259459), zoxamide can be 

applied to grapes and potatoes at a maximum application rate of 0.2 lb. a.i./acre with eight 

applications at five- or seven-day intervals per season. Input parameters for PRZM/EXAMS 

modeling for drinking water exposure (Tables B-8 and B-9) were selected according to current 

EFED guidance.

Tier II (PRZM-EXAMS) surface water modeling for zoxamide (parent only) using the index 

reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 for grapes and potatoes) predicts the 1 in 10 

year peak (acute) concentration of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 16.9 μg/L 

and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 4.9 μg/L. The 1 in 10 year annual average concentration 

(non-cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 0.9 μg/L and on 

potatoes is not likely to exceed 0.2 μg/L. The 36 year annual average concentration (cancer 

chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 0.5 μg/L and on potatoes is not 

likely to exceed 0.2 μg/L (Table B-10).
48

Table B-8. Input Parameters for Zoxamide for PRZM (Version 3.12) for Index Reservoir 

and PCA. 

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of 

Info/Reference

Application date(s) (day/mo/yr) APD, APM, IAPYR 

(day/mo/yr)

8 times per year

5 day minimum interval

Product label or 

location-specific 

Incorporation depth DEPI (cm) 0 Product label 

Application rate TAPP 

(kg a.i. ha-1

)

0.22 Product label 

Application efficiency APPEFF

(decimal)

0.95 Spray Drift Task Force 

Data 

Spray drift fraction: For aquatic ecological 

exposure assessment, use 0.05 for aerial spray; 

0.01 for ground spray. For drinking water 

assessment, use 0.16 for aerial 0.064 for ground 

spray.

DRFT

(decimal)

0.05 or 0.01 for Eco

0.16 or 0.064 for DW

Spray Drift Task Force 

Data 

Foliar extraction FEXTRA

(frac./cm rain)

0.5 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Decay rate on foliage PLDKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Volatilization rate from foliage PLVKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Plant uptake factor UPTKF

(frac. of evap)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon 

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (surface)

(day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (surface) 

(day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =38.7 days (UB 90th % 

of 37.5 and 38.1 days)

Rate constant = 0.01791/day

MRID 44731912

Pesticide partition or distribution coefficients for 

each horizon 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

Koc (slope of regression 

from registrant submitted 

data)

1345 mL g-1 MRID 44731916
49

Table B-9. Input Parameters for Zoxamide.chm Files Used in EXAMS (Version 2.97. 5) for 

Index Reservoir and PCA. 

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of

Info/Refere

nce

Henry's law constant HENRY 

(atm-m3

mole-1) 

<6.59 x 10-3Pa/mol.m3 From registrant or 

product chemistry 

Bacterial biolysis in water column

(aerobic aquatic metabolism)

KBACW

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

T1/2 =11.8 days (UB 90th % of 

3.6 and 7.6 days)

Rate constant = 0.00245/hr

MRID 44770002

Bacterial biolysis in benthic sediment

(anaerobic aquatic or aerobic aquatic 

metabolism)

KBACS1

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

0 MRID 44770002

Direct photolysis (aqueous photolysis) KDP

(hour-1

)

T1/2 = 14 days (dark corrected 

value)

Rate constant =0.0021/hr

MRID 44731911

Base hydrolysis KBH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Neutral hydrolysis KNH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Acid hydrolysis KAH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Partition coefficient for sediments 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

need Kd from soil closest to crop scenario

KPS (mL g-1 or L kg-1) 1345 mL g-1 MRID 44731916

Molecular weight MWT (g mole-1) 336.1 Calculated 

Aqueous solubility (Multiply water solubility by 

10)

SOL (mg L-1) = 0.800 6.8 MRID 44731803

Vapor pressure VAPR (torr) <1.0 x 10-7 torr @ 25°C MRID 44731803

Sediment bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAS 2 Standard value 

Water bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAW 2 Standard value

1 -

Note that hydrolysis set to 0. Hydrolysis accounted for in aerobic aquatic metabolism and 

anaerobic soil metabolism input parameters. An alternate scenario was run with hydrolysis 

adjusted metabolism rate constants resulting in similar EECs.
50

Table B-10. PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Zoxamide Concentrations in the Index Reservior

Simulation Scenarios

Concentration (μg/L)

1 in 10 year 

Mean of

Annual 

Means

Crop and 

Location

Scenario

Peak 96 Hour 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day

Annual 

Mean

Potatoes, 

Arastook Co., 

ME

Index Reservoir 5.6 3.4 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2

Index Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

4.9 3.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2

Grapes 

Chautauqua 

Co, NY

Index Reservoir

19.5 13.4 7.1 3.5 2.7 1.0 0.6

Index Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

16.9 11.7 6.2 3.0 2.3 0.9 0.5

Total Zoxamide Residues

EFED conducted a Tier II drinking water assessment for zoxamide (RH 117281) and its 

transformation products. Input parameters for PRZM/EXAMS modeling for drinking water 

exposure (Tables B-11 and B-12) were selected according to current EFED guidance. Tier II 

surface water modeling using the index reservoir with the percent cropped area (PCA=0.87 for 

grapes and potatoes) predicts the 1 in 10 year peak (acute) concentration of zoxamide residues on 

grapes is not likely to exceed 77.7 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 20.9 μg/L. The 1 in 

10 year annual average concentration (non-cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not 

likely to exceed 21.8 μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 6.2 μg/L. The 36 year annual 

average concentration (cancer chronic) of zoxamide residues on grapes is not likely to exceed 12.4 

μg/L and on potatoes is not likely to exceed 4.1 μg/L. Tier II assessment results for total residues 

are presented in Table B-13.
51

Table B-11: Input Parameters for Radioactivity Summary for PRZM (Version 3.12) for 

Total Zoxamide Residues 

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of 

Info/Reference

Application date(s) (day/mo/yr) APD, APM, IAPYR 

(day/mo/yr)

8 times per year

5 day minimum interval

Product label or 

location-specific 

Incorporation depth DEPI (cm) 0 Product label 

Application rate TAPP 

(kg a.i. ha-1

)

0.22 Product label 

Application efficiency APPEFF

(decimal)

0.95 Spray Drift Task 

Force Data 

Spray drift fraction: For aquatic ecological 

exposure assessment, use 0.05 for aerial spray; 

0.01 for ground spray. For drinking water 

assessment, use 0.16 for aerial 0.064 for ground 

spray.

DRFT

(decimal)

0.05 or 0.01 for Eco

0.16 or 0.064 for DW

Spray Drift Task 

Force Data 

Foliar extraction FEXTRA

(frac./cm rain)

0.5 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Decay rate on foliage PLDKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Volatilization rate from foliage PLVKRT

(day -1

)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Plant uptake factor UPTKF

(frac. of evap)

0.0 is the default unless field 

data is available

Default or field data 

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon 

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (surface)

(day-1

)

T1/2 =61.8 days (UB 90th % 

of 53.7 and 45.9 days)

Rate constant = 0.011/day

Estimated from 

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in surface 

horizon

(aerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (surface) 

(day-1

)

T1/2 =61.8 days (UB 90th % 

of 53.7 and 45.9 days)

Rate constant = 0.011/day

Estimated from 

MRID 44731912

Dissolved phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DWRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =61.8 days (UB 90th % 

of 53.7 and 45.9 days)

Rate constant = 0.011/day

Estimated from 

MRID 44731912

Adsorbed phase pesticide decay rate in 

subsequent subsurface horizons (aerobic or 

anaerobic soil metabolism)

DSRATE (subsurface 

horizons) (day-1

)

T1/2 =61.8 days (UB 90th % 

of 53.7 and 45.9 days)

Rate constant = 0.011/day

Estimated from 

MRID 44731912

Pesticide partition or distribution coefficients for 

each horizon 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

Koc (cm3 gm-1 or mL g-1 or L 

kg-1

)

64.2 mL g-1 EPI
52

Table B-12: Input Parameters for Radioactivity Summary for EXAM (Version 2.97. 5) for 

Total Zoxamide Residues 

Variable Description Variable (Units) Input Value Source of

Info/Reference

Henry's law constant HENRY 

(atm-m3

mole-1) 

1.52 x 10-6 EPI

Bacterial biolysis in water column

(aerobic aquatic metabolism)

KBACW

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

3.4 E-4/hr Estimated from 

MRID 44770002

Bacterial biolysis in benthic sediment

(anaerobic aquatic or aerobic aquatic 

metabolism)

KBACS1

(cfu/mL)-1 hour-1

0 Estimated from 

MRID 44770002

Direct photolysis (aqueous photolysis) KDP

(hour-1

)

4.6 E-5/hr Estimated from 

MRID 44731911

Base hydrolysis1 KBH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Neutral hydrolysis1 KNH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Acid hydrolysis1 KAH (mole-1 hour-1) 0 MRID 44731908

Partition coefficient for sediments 

(Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption) 

need Kd from soil closest to crop scenario

KPS (mL g-1 or L kg-1) 64.2 mL g-1 EPI

Molecular weight MWT (g mole-1) 205.4 EPI

Aqueous solubility (Multiply water solubility by 

10)

SOL (mg L-1) = 0.27.9 279 EPI

Vapor pressure VAPR (torr) 1.6 x 10-4 torr @ 25°C EPI

Sediment bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAS 2 Standard value 

Water bacteria temperature coefficient QTBAW 2 Standard value

1 -

Note that hydrolysis set to 0. Hydrolysis accounted for in aerobic aquatic metabolism and 

anaerobic soil metabolism input parameters. An alternate scenario was run with hydrolysis 

adjusted metabolism rate constants resulting in similar EECs.
53

Table B-13: PRZM-EXAMS Predicted Total Zoxamide Residue Concentrations in the 

Index Reservoir

Simulation Scenarios

Concentration (μg/L)

1 in 10 Year

Mean

of Annual 

Values

Crop and 

Location

Scenario

Peak 96 Hour 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

Potatoes, 

Arastook Co., 

ME

Index Reservoir 24.0 23.4 22.0 19.4 17.1 7.2 4.7 

Index Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

20.9 20.3 19.2 16.9 14.9 6.2 4.1 

Grapes 

Chautauqua 

Co, NY

Index Reservoir

89.3 86.6 80.9 68.5 59.8 25.1 14.3 

Index Reservoir 

w/PCA (0.87)

77.7 75.3 70.4 59.6 52.1 21.8 12.4 

Ground Water Assessment

Ground water EECs were modeled using SCI-GROW, a screening groundwater regression model 

developed using data from prospective groundwater studies submitted to the OPP in support of 

registration. SCI-GROW provides a reasonable high-end estimate of ground water 

concentrations of pesticides on soils that are known to be vulnerable to pesticide leaching (high 

sand content with shallow depth to groundwater).

Table B-14 provides the environmental fate inputs and ground water concentration for the 

application rate and interval listed above for parent zoxamide. Table B-15 provides the 

environmental fate inputs and ground water concentration for the application rate and interval 

listed above for total zoxamide residues. The estimated EEC is considered representative of both 

a peak and long-term average concentration because of the inherent transport nature of ground 

water (generally slow movement from source of contamination both laterally and horizontally). 

The acute and chronic zoxamide and zoxamide residue concentrations are not expected to exceed 

0.061 μg/L and 2.07 μg/L, respectively.

Table B-14. SCI-GROW Estimated Ground Water Concentrations for Parent Zoxamide 

(μg/L)

Agricultural Setting Fate and Transport Inputs Concentration in Ground Water

(μg/L)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (T1/2) Soil Adsorption Coefficient (L/Kg)

Potatoes 37.8 days 1294 ml/g 0.061

Grapes 37.8 days 1294 ml/g 0.061
54

Table B-15. SCI-GROW Estimated Ground Water Concentrations for Total Zoxamide 

Residues (μg/L)

Agricultural Setting Fate and Transport Inputs Concentration in Ground Water

(μg/L)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (T1/2) Soil Adsorption Coefficient (L/Kg)

Potatoes 61.8 days 64.2 ml/g 2.07

Grapes 61.8 days 64.2 ml/g 2.07
55

Zoxamide Aerial Application to Potatoes–Input Values and EECs for GENEEC.

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPB) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.194) 8 5 815.0 680.0 5.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 38.70 0 N/A 14.00- 1717.80 11.80 11.72

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 18.37 16.59 9.82 4.69

Zoxamide Aerial Application to Grapes-Input Values and EECs for GENEEC.

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPB) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.075) 8 7 815.0 680.0 5.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 38.70 0 N/A 14.00- 1717.80 11.80 11.72

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 16.35 14.76 8.73 4.17

Zoxamide Ground Application to Potatoes-Input Values and EECs for GENEEC.

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPB) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.194) 8 5 815.0 680.0 1.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 38.70 0 N/A 14.00- 1717.80 11.80 11.72

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 17.59 15.82 9.35 4.47

 

Zoxamide Ground Application to Grapes-Input Values and EECs for GENEEC. --------------------------------------------------------------------
56

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPB) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.075) 8 7 815.0 680.0 1.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 38.70 0 N/A 14.00- 1717.80 11.80 11.72

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 15.79 14.20 8.40 4.01

Zoxamide Residues Aerial Application to Grapes–Input Values and EECs for GENEEC

 RUN No. 1 FOR Zoxamide + Degradates INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPM) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.326) 8 5 64.2 27.9 5.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 61.80 0 N/A .00- .00 85.40 85.40

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 61.06 60.26 55.89 48.30

Zoxamide Residues Ground Application to Grapes–Input Values and EECs for GENEEC

 RUN No. 2 FOR Zoxamide + Degradates INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPM) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.326) 8 5 64.2 27.9 1.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 61.80 0 N/A .00- .00 85.40 85.40

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 
57

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 60.37 59.56 55.24 47.75

Zoxamide Residues Aerial Application to Potatoes–Input Values and EECs for GENEEC

 RUN No. 3 FOR Zoxamide + Degradates INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPM) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.235) 8 7 64.2 27.9 5.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 61.80 0 N/A .00- .00 85.40 85.40

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 56.97 56.22 52.14 45.06

Zoxamide Residues Ground Application to Potatoes–Input Values and EECs for GENEEC

 RUN No. 4 FOR Zoxamide + Degradates INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) APPLICATIONS SOIL SOLUBILITY % SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) NO.-INTERVAL KOC (PPM) DRIFT DEPTH(IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200( 1.235) 8 7 64.2 27.9 1.0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 61.80 0 N/A .00- .00 85.40 85.40

 GENERIC EECs (IN PPB)

 --------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK AVERAGE 4 AVERAGE 21 AVERAGE 56 

 GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC DAY GEEC 

 --------------------------------------------------------

 56.27 55.51 51.49 44.50

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS New York grape crop inputs for use in Ecotox calculations. 

***PRZM 3.1 Input Data File converted from PRZM 2.3***

***Modeler M. Corbin***

***NYGrpPnd.INP, modified from NYGrape1.inp October 31, 2000; Chautauqua County, NY.***

***Chautauqua County has highest acreage of Grapes in NY (3rd highest state in US) ***

***Erie, PA Weather Station used - closest to county, Grapes with grass cover ***

***Soil Hornell, Hydrologic Group D ***

***Application timing provided by Phillip Throop of Cornell U. and Fredonia Regional Extension***

***Office, Viticulture Specialist: pthroop@cce.cornell.edu; (716) 672-2191.***

***All values are average of 15 years of data collection for early-mid bloom, fruit***
58

***ripening (veraison), and prior to harvest. Prior to bunch closing is assumed to occur***

***at August 1, this benchmark is not a common factor to measure and will vary according to 

environmental***

***conditions and type of grape. This scenario is based on the Concord variety.***

***Emergence, maturation and harvest are set as early bloom, veraison and harvest.***

***Assume poor grass coverage under vines and overland flow***

***Pesticide is spray applied***

*** set up for Koc input (see records 20 and 30)***

***Meteorology Data using MET100.met (Data from 1961 to 1983)***

Zoxamide

Hornell silt loam; MLRA L-100, Chautauqua County, New York, Grapes

 0.780 0.300 0 15.00 1 1

 4

 0.33 1.00 1.00 10.00 5.80 3 15.00 354.0

 1

 1 0.25 90.00 100.00 3 94 91 93 0.00 150.0

 1 3

0101 0106 0110

0.50 0.50 0.50

.023 .023 .023

 36

 310548 220848 151048 1

 310549 220849 151049 1 

 310550 220850 151050 1

 310551 220851 151051 1 

 310552 220852 151052 1

 310553 220853 151053 1 

 310554 220854 151054 1

 310555 220855 151055 1 

 310556 220856 151056 1

 310557 220857 151057 1 

 310558 220858 151058 1

 310559 220859 151059 1 

 310560 220860 151060 1

 310561 220861 151061 1 

 310562 220862 151062 1

 310563 220863 151063 1 

 310564 220864 151064 1

 310565 220865 151065 1 

 310566 220866 151066 1

 310567 220867 151067 1 

 310568 220868 151068 1

 310569 220869 151069 1 

 310570 220870 151070 1

 310571 220871 151071 1 

 310572 220872 151072 1

 310573 220873 151073 1 

 310574 220874 151074 1

 310575 220875 151075 1 

 310576 220876 151076 1

 310577 220877 151077 1 

 310578 220878 151078 1

 310579 220879 151079 1 

 310580 220880 151080 1

 310581 220881 151081 1 

 310582 220882 151082 1

 310583 220883 151083 1 

Application Schedule: 0.2 lb a.i./acre; aerial spray, 95% effic. w/16% drift

***(early-mid bloom, prior bunch closing, begin fruit ripening, +5 apps. prior to harvest)***

 184 1 0 0

Zoxamide 

 140661 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

220861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05
59

 011061 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140662 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011062 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140663 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011063 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140664 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

190964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011064 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140665 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011065 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140666 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011066 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140667 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011067 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140668 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011068 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140669 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011069 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140670 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05
60

 290870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011070 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140671 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011071 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140672 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011072 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140673 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011073 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140674 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011074 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140675 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011075 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140676 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011076 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140677 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011077 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140678 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05
61

 011078 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140679 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011079 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140680 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011080 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140681 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011081 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140682 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011082 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 140683 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 010883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 220883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 290883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05 

 050983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 120983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 190983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 011083 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.05

 0.0 3 0.0

 0.00 0.00 0.50

Hornell Silt Loam; Hydrologic Group D; 

 100.00 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.0 0.0

 4 1345.

 3

 1 18.00 1.400 0.322 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 0.1 0.322 0.162 1.740 0.0

 2 66.00 1.500 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.310 0.200 0.174 0.0

 3 16.00 1.950 0.260 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000 

 1.0 0.260 0.190 0.116 0.0

 0 

 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 YEAR

 PRCP TSER 0 0

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5
62

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS New York grape crop output for use in Ecotox calculations. 

 WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 1961 1.994 1.015 0.457 0.302 0.266 0.106

 1962 5.367 2.856 1.108 0.580 0.514 0.190

 1963 2.737 1.851 0.650 0.308 0.271 0.113

 1964 2.450 1.185 0.458 0.299 0.283 0.127

 1965 3.768 2.118 0.662 0.432 0.369 0.143

 1966 1.686 0.952 0.478 0.344 0.310 0.144

 1967 3.725 2.029 0.845 0.567 0.478 0.178

 1968 1.631 0.984 0.398 0.344 0.295 0.124

 1969 1.547 1.029 0.404 0.308 0.260 0.105

 1970 5.242 2.680 1.405 0.734 0.561 0.205

 1971 2.801 1.923 0.728 0.563 0.432 0.161

 1972 3.094 1.634 0.955 0.486 0.406 0.166

 1973 1.338 0.806 0.439 0.298 0.260 0.102

 1974 1.330 0.849 0.423 0.298 0.281 0.124

 1975 4.162 2.726 1.061 0.603 0.449 0.175

 1976 2.407 1.460 0.615 0.484 0.369 0.145

 1977 6.636 4.276 2.532 1.191 0.936 0.354

 1978 3.752 2.155 1.129 0.641 0.537 0.189

 1979 16.480 8.367 2.590 1.514 1.084 0.346

 1980 4.861 3.055 1.047 0.853 0.715 0.249

 1981 6.402 3.595 1.141 0.586 0.460 0.167

 1982 2.571 1.357 0.627 0.445 0.400 0.154

 1983 8.073 4.325 1.548 0.819 0.645 0.223

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 0.042 16.480 8.367 2.590 1.514 1.084 0.354

 0.083 8.073 4.325 2.532 1.191 0.936 0.346

 0.125 6.636 4.276 1.548 0.853 0.715 0.249

 0.167 6.402 3.595 1.405 0.819 0.645 0.223

 0.208 5.367 3.055 1.141 0.734 0.561 0.205

 0.250 5.242 2.856 1.129 0.641 0.537 0.190

 0.292 4.861 2.726 1.108 0.603 0.514 0.189

 0.333 4.162 2.680 1.061 0.586 0.478 0.178

 0.375 3.768 2.155 1.047 0.580 0.460 0.175

 0.417 3.752 2.118 0.955 0.567 0.449 0.167

 0.458 3.725 2.029 0.845 0.563 0.432 0.166

 0.500 3.094 1.923 0.728 0.486 0.406 0.161

 0.542 2.801 1.851 0.662 0.484 0.400 0.154

 0.583 2.737 1.634 0.650 0.445 0.369 0.145

 0.625 2.571 1.460 0.627 0.432 0.369 0.144

 0.667 2.450 1.357 0.615 0.344 0.310 0.143

 0.708 2.407 1.185 0.478 0.344 0.295 0.127

 0.750 1.994 1.029 0.458 0.308 0.283 0.124

 0.792 1.686 1.015 0.457 0.308 0.281 0.124

 0.833 1.631 0.984 0.439 0.302 0.271 0.113

 0.875 1.547 0.952 0.423 0.299 0.266 0.106

 0.917 1.338 0.849 0.404 0.298 0.260 0.105

 0.958 1.330 0.806 0.398 0.298 0.260 0.102

 1/10 7.498 4.305 2.138 1.056 0.848 0.307

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.173

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.068

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 0.194

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop inputs for use in Ecotox calculations. 

*** PRZM 3.1 Input Data File coverted from PRZM 2.3; S.ABEL ***
63

*** MEPoPond.INP created October 26, 2000 ***

*** Modeler: M. Corbin ***

*** Assume 4% slope, conventional tillage with crop residue left ***

*** on the field after harvest ***

*** Manning's N value for planted across slope poor stand at ***

*** 20% maturity (for small grains) ***

*** Application by aerial spray ***

*** PCA for potatoes not available, use default PCA of 0.87 ***

Zoxamide

Conant Silt Loam MLRA M-143, Arastook County, ME

 0.770 0.150 0 12.50 1 3

 4

 0.28 0.44 1.00 10.00 5.80 3 4.00 354.00

 1

 1 0.10 30.00 90.00 3 91 85 88 0.00 60.0

 1 3

0101 0105 0109

0.43 0.27 0.43

.018 .018 .018

 36 

 050548 080948 180948 1

 050549 080949 180949 1

 050550 080950 180950 1 

 050551 080951 180951 1 

 050552 080952 180952 1 

 050553 080953 180953 1 

 050554 080954 180954 1 

 050555 080955 180955 1 

 050556 080956 180956 1 

 050557 080957 180957 1 

 050558 080958 180958 1 

 050559 080959 180959 1 

 050560 080960 180960 1 

 050561 080961 180961 1 

 050562 080962 180962 1 

 050563 080963 180963 1 

 050564 080964 180964 1 

 050565 080965 180965 1 

 050566 080966 180966 1 

 050567 080967 180967 1 

 050568 080968 180968 1 

 050569 080969 180969 1 

 050570 080970 180970 1 

 050571 080971 180971 1 

 050572 080972 180972 1 

 050573 080973 180973 1 

 050574 080974 180974 1 

 050575 080975 180975 1 

 050576 080976 180976 1 

 050577 080977 180977 1 

 050578 080978 180978 1 

 050579 080979 180979 1 

 050580 080980 180980 1 

 050581 080981 180981 1 

 050582 080982 180982 1 

 050583 080983 180983 1 

Application Schedule: Aerial Spray @ 0.22 kgs a.i/ha, 8 times @ 5 day intervals,

 288 1 0 0

Zoxamide:

 060548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05
64

 110549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05
65

 310557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05
66

 110566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05
67

 310574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 060583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05
68

 110583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 160583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 210583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 260583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 310583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 050683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 110683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.05

 0.0 3

 0.0 0.0 0.5

Soil Series: Conant Silt Loam 

 100.00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.00 0.00

 4 1345.0

 4 

 1 10.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 0.1 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 2 16.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 3 64.00 1.400 0.266 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.266 0.116 0.174 0.0

 4 10.00 1.600 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.261 0.111 0.116 0.0

 0

 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 DAY

 PRCP TSER 0 0

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3 

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop output for use in Ecotox calculations. 

 WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 1948 0.678 0.363 0.328 0.226 0.178 0.057

 1949 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.206 0.160 0.051

 1950 0.670 0.390 0.334 0.211 0.145 0.045

 1951 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.212 0.162 0.048

 1952 2.098 1.090 0.509 0.296 0.206 0.061

 1953 0.729 0.385 0.332 0.234 0.164 0.057

 1954 0.757 0.487 0.362 0.234 0.158 0.051

 1955 3.478 1.813 0.895 0.439 0.309 0.101

 1956 1.894 1.040 0.554 0.303 0.218 0.065

 1957 2.640 1.430 0.439 0.367 0.277 0.087

 1958 0.800 0.549 0.379 0.237 0.162 0.048

 1959 1.272 0.662 0.353 0.260 0.177 0.052

 1960 1.251 0.654 0.406 0.305 0.217 0.067

 1961 0.810 0.408 0.341 0.247 0.176 0.052

 1962 0.671 0.366 0.328 0.225 0.178 0.055

 1963 0.667 0.363 0.328 0.207 0.144 0.044

 1964 0.810 0.483 0.410 0.249 0.172 0.055

 1965 1.661 0.868 0.461 0.276 0.190 0.062

 1966 0.739 0.386 0.340 0.217 0.146 0.046

 1967 0.678 0.369 0.331 0.217 0.161 0.049

 1968 0.731 0.398 0.339 0.221 0.151 0.044

 1969 1.138 0.714 0.425 0.288 0.197 0.057

 1970 0.716 0.453 0.356 0.252 0.177 0.054

 1971 0.668 0.363 0.328 0.213 0.153 0.049

 1972 3.486 1.807 0.626 0.373 0.280 0.079
69

 1973 2.023 1.111 0.575 0.398 0.287 0.086

 1974 2.030 1.055 0.371 0.318 0.221 0.065

 1975 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.206 0.156 0.047

 1976 1.428 0.782 0.517 0.326 0.224 0.068

 1977 0.786 0.378 0.326 0.206 0.142 0.049

 1978 0.708 0.401 0.333 0.225 0.156 0.046

 1979 0.858 0.497 0.368 0.226 0.152 0.048

 1980 1.105 0.553 0.326 0.207 0.192 0.059

 1981 1.081 0.647 0.424 0.252 0.171 0.060

 1982 1.041 0.656 0.420 0.298 0.219 0.067

 1983 1.880 1.108 0.526 0.289 0.207 0.072

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 0.027 3.486 1.813 0.895 0.439 0.309 0.101

 0.054 3.478 1.807 0.626 0.398 0.287 0.087

 0.081 2.640 1.430 0.575 0.373 0.280 0.086

 0.108 2.098 1.111 0.554 0.367 0.277 0.079

 0.135 2.030 1.108 0.526 0.326 0.224 0.072

 0.162 2.023 1.090 0.517 0.318 0.221 0.068

 0.189 1.894 1.055 0.509 0.305 0.219 0.067

 0.216 1.880 1.040 0.461 0.303 0.218 0.067

 0.243 1.661 0.868 0.439 0.298 0.217 0.065

 0.270 1.428 0.782 0.425 0.296 0.207 0.065

 0.297 1.272 0.714 0.424 0.289 0.206 0.062

 0.324 1.251 0.662 0.420 0.288 0.197 0.061

 0.351 1.138 0.656 0.410 0.276 0.192 0.060

 0.378 1.105 0.654 0.406 0.260 0.190 0.059

 0.405 1.081 0.647 0.379 0.252 0.178 0.057

 0.432 1.041 0.553 0.371 0.252 0.178 0.057

 0.459 0.858 0.549 0.368 0.249 0.177 0.057

 0.486 0.810 0.497 0.362 0.247 0.177 0.055

 0.514 0.810 0.487 0.356 0.237 0.176 0.055

 0.541 0.800 0.483 0.353 0.234 0.172 0.054

 0.568 0.786 0.453 0.341 0.234 0.171 0.052

 0.595 0.757 0.408 0.340 0.226 0.164 0.052

 0.622 0.739 0.401 0.339 0.226 0.162 0.051

 0.649 0.731 0.398 0.334 0.225 0.162 0.051

 0.676 0.729 0.390 0.333 0.225 0.161 0.049

 0.703 0.716 0.386 0.332 0.221 0.160 0.049

 0.730 0.708 0.385 0.331 0.217 0.158 0.049

 0.757 0.678 0.378 0.328 0.217 0.156 0.048

 0.784 0.678 0.369 0.328 0.213 0.156 0.048

 0.811 0.671 0.366 0.328 0.212 0.153 0.048

 0.838 0.670 0.363 0.328 0.211 0.152 0.047

 0.865 0.668 0.363 0.326 0.207 0.151 0.046

 0.892 0.667 0.363 0.326 0.207 0.146 0.046

 0.919 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.206 0.145 0.045

 0.946 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.206 0.144 0.044

 0.973 0.667 0.362 0.326 0.206 0.142 0.044

 1/10 2.261 1.207 0.560 0.369 0.278 0.081

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.058

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.013

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 0.062

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS New York grape crop input for use in index reservoir/PCA calculations. 

***PRZM 3.1 Input Data File converted from PRZM 2.3***

***Modeler M. Corbin***

***IRNYGrp.INP, modified from NYGrape1.inp October 31, 2000; Chautauqua County, NY.***

***Chautauqua County has highest acreage of Grapes in NY (3rd highest state in US) ***
70

***Erie, PA Weather Station used - closest to county, Grapes with grass cover ***

***Soil Hornell, Hydrologic Group D ***

***Application timing provided by Phillip Throop of Cornell U. and Fredonia Regional Extension***

***Office, Viticulture Specialist: pthroop@cce.cornell.edu; (716) 672-2191.***

***All values are average of 15 years of data collection for early-mid bloom, fruit***

***ripening (veraison), and prior to harvest. Prior to bunch closing is assumed to accur***

***at August 1, this benchmark is not a common factor to measure and will vary according to 

environmental***

***conditions and type of grape. This scenario is based on the Concord variety.***

***Emergence, maturation and harvest are set as early bloom, veraison and harvest.***

***Assume poor grass coverage under vines and overland flow***

***Pesticide is aerial spray applied***

*** set up for Koc input (see records 20 and 30)***

***Meteorology Data using MET100.met (Data from 1961 to 1983)***

Zoxamide

Hornell silt loam; MLRA L-100, Chautauqua County, New York, Grapes

 0.780 0.300 0 15.00 1 1

 4

 0.33 1.00 1.00 172.80 5.80 3 15.00 600.0

 1

 1 0.25 90.00 100.00 3 94 91 93 0.00 150.0

 1 3

0101 0106 0110

0.50 0.50 0.50

.023 .023 .023

 36

 310548 220848 151048 1

 310549 220849 151049 1 

 310550 220850 151050 1

 310551 220851 151051 1 

 310552 220852 151052 1

 310553 220853 151053 1 

 310554 220854 151054 1

 310555 220855 151055 1 

 310556 220856 151056 1

 310557 220857 151057 1 

 310558 220858 151058 1

 310559 220859 151059 1 

 310560 220860 151060 1

 310561 220861 151061 1 

 310562 220862 151062 1

 310563 220863 151063 1 

 310564 220864 151064 1

 310565 220865 151065 1 

 310566 220866 151066 1

 310567 220867 151067 1 

 310568 220868 151068 1

 310569 220869 151069 1 

 310570 220870 151070 1

 310571 220871 151071 1 

 310572 220872 151072 1

 310573 220873 151073 1 

 310574 220874 151074 1

 310575 220875 151075 1 

 310576 220876 151076 1

 310577 220877 151077 1 

 310578 220878 151078 1

 310579 220879 151079 1 

 310580 220880 151080 1

 310581 220881 151081 1 

 310582 220882 151082 1

 310583 220883 151083 1 

Application Schedule: 0.2 lb a.i./acre; aerial spray, 95% effic. w/16% drift

***(early-mid bloom, prior bunch closing, begin fruit ripening, +5 apps. prior to harvest)***

 184 1 0 0

Zoxamide

 140661 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
71

 220861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011061 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140662 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011062 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140663 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011063 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140664 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011064 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140665 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011065 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140666 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011066 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140667 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011067 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140668 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011068 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140669 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
72

 190969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011069 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140670 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011070 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140671 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011071 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140672 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011072 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140673 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011073 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140674 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011074 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140675 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011075 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140676 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011076 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140677 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011077 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140678 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
73

 220878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011078 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140679 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011079 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140680 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011080 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140681 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011081 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140682 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011082 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140683 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011083 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 0.0 3 0.0

 0.00 0.00 0.50

Hornell Silt Loam; Hydrologic Group D; 

 100.00 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.0 0.0

 4 1345.

 3

 1 18.00 1.400 0.322 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 0.1 0.322 0.162 1.740 0.0

 2 66.00 1.500 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.310 0.200 0.174 0.0

 3 16.00 1.950 0.260 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01791 .01791 0.000 

 1.0 0.260 0.190 0.116 0.0

 0 

 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 DAY

 PRCP TSER 0 0
74

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

1Exposure Analysis Modeling System -- EXAMS Version 2.97, Mode 3

Chemical: 1) zoxamide

---------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1.01.1 Chemical input data for neutral molecule (Sp.#1).

*** Chemical-specific data: SET via "entry( 1)"

MWT: 3.36E+02 VAPR: 1.00E-07 HENRY: 6.59E-03 KOW: 

KVO: EVPR: EHEN: KOC: 1.35E+03

*** Ion-specific data: "entry(1, 1)"

SOL: 6.80 KPB: KPS: 

ESOL: KPDOC: 

*** Reactivity of dissolved species: SET via "entry(1, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of solids-sorbed species: "entry(2, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of "DOC"-complexed species: "entry(3, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of biosorbed species: "entry(4, 1, 1)" 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS New York grape crop output for use in Index Reservoir/Percent Crop Area 

calculations. 

WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 1961 4.969 3.062 1.537 0.997 0.881 0.342

 1962 13.230 8.466 3.670 1.907 1.673 0.640

 1963 7.261 5.453 2.307 1.115 0.908 0.392

 1964 5.994 3.492 1.521 0.958 0.917 0.458

 1965 9.315 6.177 2.221 1.385 1.213 0.504

 1966 4.407 2.858 1.664 1.149 1.066 0.495

 1967 9.468 6.145 2.826 1.857 1.565 0.571

 1968 4.064 2.862 1.254 1.109 0.940 0.412

 1969 3.758 2.884 1.270 1.020 0.859 0.392

 1970 12.720 7.845 4.589 2.343 1.770 0.648

 1971 7.542 5.649 2.343 1.814 1.388 0.526

 1972 7.793 4.972 3.094 1.609 1.317 0.555

 1973 3.545 2.399 1.417 0.981 0.858 0.345

 1974 3.417 2.407 1.390 0.970 0.922 0.427

 1975 10.650 7.747 3.439 1.897 1.418 0.573

 1976 5.926 4.248 2.001 1.568 1.187 0.484

 1977 18.140 13.870 8.442 3.922 3.047 1.127

 1978 9.614 6.590 3.682 2.108 1.742 0.635

 1979 40.530 24.970 8.629 4.960 3.496 1.130

 1980 12.660 8.819 3.378 2.742 2.283 0.818

 1981 15.660 10.380 3.806 1.939 1.507 0.540

 1982 6.400 3.987 2.186 1.503 1.334 0.515

 1983 20.400 12.570 5.165 2.693 2.116 0.723

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 0.042 40.530 24.970 8.629 4.960 3.496 1.130

 0.083 20.400 13.870 8.442 3.922 3.047 1.127

 0.125 18.140 12.570 5.165 2.742 2.283 0.818

 0.167 15.660 10.380 4.589 2.693 2.116 0.723
75

 0.208 13.230 8.819 3.806 2.343 1.770 0.648

 0.250 12.720 8.466 3.682 2.108 1.742 0.640

 0.292 12.660 7.845 3.670 1.939 1.673 0.635

 0.333 10.650 7.747 3.439 1.907 1.565 0.573

 0.375 9.614 6.590 3.378 1.897 1.507 0.571

 0.417 9.468 6.177 3.094 1.857 1.418 0.555

 0.458 9.315 6.145 2.826 1.814 1.388 0.540

 0.500 7.793 5.649 2.343 1.609 1.334 0.526

 0.542 7.542 5.453 2.307 1.568 1.317 0.515

 0.583 7.261 4.972 2.221 1.503 1.213 0.504

 0.625 6.400 4.248 2.186 1.385 1.187 0.495

 0.667 5.994 3.987 2.001 1.149 1.066 0.484

 0.708 5.926 3.492 1.664 1.115 0.940 0.458

 0.750 4.969 3.062 1.537 1.109 0.922 0.427

 0.792 4.407 2.884 1.521 1.020 0.917 0.412

 0.833 4.064 2.862 1.417 0.997 0.908 0.392

 0.875 3.758 2.858 1.390 0.981 0.881 0.392

 0.917 3.545 2.407 1.270 0.970 0.859 0.345

 0.958 3.417 2.399 1.254 0.958 0.858 0.342

 1/10 19.496 13.350 7.131 3.450 2.741 1.003

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.576

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.210

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 0.642

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop input for use in index reservoir/PCA calculations. 

*** PRZM 3.1 Input Data File coverted from PRZM 2.3; S.ABEL ***

*** MEPoIR.INP created October 26, 2000 ***

*** Modeler: M. Corbin ***

*** Index Reservoir and PCA Scenario for DW Assessment***

*** Assume 4% slope, conventional tillage with crop residue left ***

*** on the field after harvest ***

*** Manning's N value for planted across slope poor stand at ***

*** 20% maturity (for small grains) ***

*** Application by aerial spray ***

*** PCA for potatoes not available, use default PCA of 0.87 ***

Zoxamide

Conant Silt Loam MLRA M-143, Arastook County, ME

 0.770 0.150 0 12.50 1 3

 4

 0.28 0.44 1.00 172.80 5.80 3 4.00 600.00

 1

 1 0.10 30.00 90.00 3 91 85 88 0.00 60.0

 1 3

0101 0105 0109

0.43 0.27 0.43

.018 .018 .018

 36 

 050548 080948 180948 1

 050549 080949 180949 1

 050550 080950 180950 1 

 050551 080951 180951 1 

 050552 080952 180952 1 

 050553 080953 180953 1 

 050554 080954 180954 1 

 050555 080955 180955 1 

 050556 080956 180956 1 

 050557 080957 180957 1 

 050558 080958 180958 1 

 050559 080959 180959 1 

 050560 080960 180960 1 

 050561 080961 180961 1 

 050562 080962 180962 1 

 050563 080963 180963 1 
76

 050564 080964 180964 1 

 050565 080965 180965 1 

 050566 080966 180966 1 

 050567 080967 180967 1 

 050568 080968 180968 1 

 050569 080969 180969 1 

 050570 080970 180970 1 

 050571 080971 180971 1 

 050572 080972 180972 1 

 050573 080973 180973 1 

 050574 080974 180974 1 

 050575 080975 180975 1 

 050576 080976 180976 1 

 050577 080977 180977 1 

 050578 080978 180978 1 

 050579 080979 180979 1 

 050580 080980 180980 1 

 050581 080981 180981 1 

 050582 080982 180982 1 

 050583 080983 180983 1 

Application Schedule: Aerial Spray @ 0.22 kgs a.i/ha, 8 times @ 5 day intervals,

 288 1 0 0

Zoxamide:

 060548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 310551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
77

 310553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 160561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
78

 110562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
79

 310570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
80

 110579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 160580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 210580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 0.0 3

 0.0 0.0 0.5

Soil Series: Conant Silt Loam 

 100.00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.00 0.00

 4 1345.0

 4 

 1 10.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 0.1 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 2 16.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 3 64.00 1.400 0.266 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.266 0.116 0.174 0.0

 4 10.00 1.600 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01791 .01791 0.000

 1.0 0.261 0.111 0.116 0.0

 0

 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 DAY

 PRCP TSER 0 0

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5
81

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

1Exposure Analysis Modeling System -- EXAMS Version 2.97, Mode 3

Chemical: 1) zoxamide

---------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1.01.1 Chemical input data for neutral molecule (Sp.#1).

*** Chemical-specific data: SET via "entry( 1)"

MWT: 3.36E+02 VAPR: 1.00E-07 HENRY: 6.59E-03 KOW: 

KVO: EVPR: EHEN: KOC: 1.35E+03

*** Ion-specific data: "entry(1, 1)"

SOL: 6.80 KPB: KPS: 

ESOL: KPDOC: 

*** Reactivity of dissolved species: SET via "entry(1, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of solids-sorbed species: "entry(2, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of "DOC"-complexed species: "entry(3, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of biosorbed species: "entry(4, 1, 1)" 

KBACW: 2.45E-03 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: 9.89E-04 QTBAS: 2.00 

Zoxamide PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop output for use in Index Reservoir/PCA calculations. 

WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 1948 1.811 1.156 1.053 0.721 0.557 0.173

 1949 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.660 0.503 0.158

 1950 1.819 1.218 1.074 0.674 0.459 0.140

 1951 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.679 0.511 0.147

 1952 5.233 3.136 1.587 0.911 0.625 0.183

 1953 1.829 1.178 1.066 0.740 0.513 0.174

 1954 2.064 1.471 1.161 0.741 0.496 0.158

 1955 8.718 5.228 2.756 1.323 0.912 0.296

 1956 4.774 3.055 1.732 0.940 0.668 0.198

 1957 6.329 3.954 1.309 1.139 0.845 0.262

 1958 2.211 1.630 1.198 0.750 0.506 0.150

 1959 3.185 1.909 1.095 0.818 0.547 0.157

 1960 3.066 1.839 1.284 0.950 0.661 0.199

 1961 1.913 1.243 1.094 0.775 0.549 0.159

 1962 1.824 1.166 1.054 0.718 0.555 0.168

 1963 1.811 1.156 1.051 0.662 0.459 0.138

 1964 2.197 1.503 1.299 0.782 0.537 0.171

 1965 4.165 2.509 1.431 0.858 0.580 0.185

 1966 1.944 1.203 1.093 0.692 0.462 0.143

 1967 1.840 1.176 1.063 0.694 0.509 0.151

 1968 1.972 1.261 1.090 0.705 0.478 0.135

 1969 3.024 2.109 1.352 0.899 0.602 0.172

 1970 1.976 1.381 1.142 0.794 0.551 0.165

 1971 1.811 1.156 1.052 0.683 0.483 0.152

 1972 8.428 5.051 1.883 1.154 0.845 0.232

 1973 5.003 3.203 1.797 1.214 0.862 0.256

 1974 4.806 2.881 1.180 0.993 0.675 0.193

 1975 1.811 1.155 1.050 0.660 0.493 0.145

 1976 3.505 2.243 1.614 1.005 0.678 0.203

 1977 1.884 1.155 1.049 0.660 0.453 0.154

 1978 1.910 1.219 1.072 0.716 0.491 0.143

 1979 2.309 1.523 1.179 0.719 0.480 0.151

 1980 2.611 1.511 1.049 0.662 0.600 0.179

 1981 2.767 1.845 1.338 0.791 0.530 0.185

 1982 2.761 1.935 1.325 0.926 0.665 0.202
82

 1983 4.658 3.184 1.654 0.898 0.630 0.220

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 0.027 8.718 5.228 2.756 1.323 0.912 0.296

 0.054 8.428 5.051 1.883 1.214 0.862 0.262

 0.081 6.329 3.954 1.797 1.154 0.845 0.256

 0.108 5.233 3.203 1.732 1.139 0.845 0.232

 0.135 5.003 3.184 1.654 1.005 0.678 0.220

 0.162 4.806 3.136 1.614 0.993 0.675 0.203

 0.189 4.774 3.055 1.587 0.950 0.668 0.202

 0.216 4.658 2.881 1.431 0.940 0.665 0.199

 0.243 4.165 2.509 1.352 0.926 0.661 0.198

 0.270 3.505 2.243 1.338 0.911 0.630 0.193

 0.297 3.185 2.109 1.325 0.899 0.625 0.185

 0.324 3.066 1.935 1.309 0.898 0.602 0.185

 0.351 3.024 1.909 1.299 0.858 0.600 0.183

 0.378 2.767 1.845 1.284 0.818 0.580 0.179

 0.405 2.761 1.839 1.198 0.794 0.557 0.174

 0.432 2.611 1.630 1.180 0.791 0.555 0.173

 0.459 2.309 1.523 1.179 0.782 0.551 0.172

 0.486 2.211 1.511 1.161 0.775 0.549 0.171

 0.514 2.197 1.503 1.142 0.750 0.547 0.168

 0.541 2.064 1.471 1.095 0.741 0.537 0.165

 0.568 1.976 1.381 1.094 0.740 0.530 0.159

 0.595 1.972 1.261 1.093 0.721 0.513 0.158

 0.622 1.944 1.243 1.090 0.719 0.511 0.158

 0.649 1.913 1.219 1.074 0.718 0.509 0.157

 0.676 1.910 1.218 1.072 0.716 0.506 0.154

 0.703 1.884 1.203 1.066 0.705 0.503 0.152

 0.730 1.840 1.178 1.063 0.694 0.496 0.151

 0.757 1.829 1.176 1.054 0.692 0.493 0.151

 0.784 1.824 1.166 1.053 0.683 0.491 0.150

 0.811 1.819 1.156 1.052 0.679 0.483 0.147

 0.838 1.811 1.156 1.051 0.674 0.480 0.145

 0.865 1.811 1.156 1.050 0.662 0.478 0.143

 0.892 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.662 0.462 0.143

 0.919 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.660 0.459 0.140

 0.946 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.660 0.459 0.138

 0.973 1.811 1.155 1.049 0.660 0.453 0.135

 1/10 5.562 3.428 1.752 1.144 0.845 0.239

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.178

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 0.037

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 0.187

Zoxamide Residues PRZM and EXAMS New York grapes crop input for use in index reservoir/PCA calculations

***PRZM 3.1 Input Data File converted from PRZM 2.3***

***Modeler M. Corbin***

***IRNYGrp.INP, modified from NYGrape1.inp October 31, 2000; Chautauqua County, NY.***

***Chautauqua County has highest acreage of Grapes in NY (3rd highest state in US) ***

***Erie, PA Weather Station used - closest to county, Grapes with grass cover ***

***Soil Hornell, Hydrologic Group D ***

***Application timing provided by Phillip Throop of Cornell U. and Fredonia Regional Extension***

***Office, Viticulture Specialist: pthroop@cce.cornell.edu; (716) 672-2191.***

***All values are average of 15 years of data collection for early-mid bloom, fruit***

***ripening (veraison), and prior to harvest. Prior to bunch closing is assumed to accur***

***at August 1, this benchmark is not a common factor to measure and will vary according to 

environmental***

***conditions and type of grape. This scenario is based on the Concord variety.***

***Emergence, maturation and harvest are set as early bloom, veraison and harvest.***

***Assume poor grass coverage under vines and overland flow***

***Pesticide is aerial spray applied***

*** set up for Koc input (see records 20 and 30)***
83

***Meteorology Data using MET100.met (Data from 1961 to 1983)***

Zoxamide

Hornell silt loam; MLRA L-100, Chautauqua County, New York, Grapes

 0.780 0.300 0 15.00 1 1

 4

 0.33 1.00 1.00 172.80 5.80 3 15.00 600.0

 1

 1 0.25 90.00 100.00 3 94 91 93 0.00 150.0

 1 3

0101 0106 0110

0.50 0.50 0.50

.023 .023 .023

 36

 310548 220848 151048 1

 310549 220849 151049 1 

 310550 220850 151050 1

 310551 220851 151051 1 

 310552 220852 151052 1

 310553 220853 151053 1 

 310554 220854 151054 1

 310555 220855 151055 1 

 310556 220856 151056 1

 310557 220857 151057 1 

 310558 220858 151058 1

 310559 220859 151059 1 

 310560 220860 151060 1

 310561 220861 151061 1 

 310562 220862 151062 1

 310563 220863 151063 1 

 310564 220864 151064 1

 310565 220865 151065 1 

 310566 220866 151066 1

 310567 220867 151067 1 

 310568 220868 151068 1

 310569 220869 151069 1 

 310570 220870 151070 1

 310571 220871 151071 1 

 310572 220872 151072 1

 310573 220873 151073 1 

 310574 220874 151074 1

 310575 220875 151075 1 

 310576 220876 151076 1

310577 220877 151077 1 

 310578 220878 151078 1

 310579 220879 151079 1 

 310580 220880 151080 1

 310581 220881 151081 1 

 310582 220882 151082 1

 310583 220883 151083 1 

Application Schedule: 0.07 lb a.i./acre (adjusted); aerial spray, 95% effic. w/16% drift

***(early-mid bloom, prior bunch closing, begin fruit ripening, +5 apps. prior to harvest)***

 184 1 0 0

Zoxamide

 140661 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290861 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190961 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011061 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140662 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290862 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190962 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
84

 011062 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140663 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290863 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190963 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011063 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140664 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290864 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190964 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011064 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140665 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290865 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190965 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011065 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140666 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290866 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190966 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011066 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140667 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290867 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190967 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011067 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140668 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290868 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190968 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011068 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140669 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290869 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190969 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011069 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140670 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290870 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190970 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011070 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140671 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
85

 290871 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190971 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011071 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140672 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290872 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190972 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011072 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140673 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290873 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190973 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011073 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140674 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290874 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190974 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011074 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140675 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290875 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190975 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011075 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140676 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290876 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190976 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011076 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140677 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290877 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190977 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011077 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

140678 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290878 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190978 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011078 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140679 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290879 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190979 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16
86

 011079 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140680 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290880 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190980 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011080 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140681 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290881 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190981 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011081 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140682 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290882 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190982 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011082 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 140683 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 010883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 220883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 290883 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 120983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 190983 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 011083 0 2 0.00 0.22 0.95 0.16

 0.0 3 0.0

 0.00 0.00 0.50

Hornell Silt Loam; Hydrologic Group D; 

 100.00 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.0 0.0

 4 64.16

 3

 1 18.00 1.400 0.322 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01100 .01100 0.000

 0.1 0.322 0.162 1.740 0.0

 2 66.00 1.500 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01100 .01100 0.000

 1.0 0.310 0.200 0.174 0.0

 3 16.00 1.950 0.260 0.000 0.000 0.00

 .01100 .01100 0.000 

 1.0 0.260 0.190 0.116 0.0

 0 

 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 DAY

 PRCP TSER 0 0

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

1Exposure Analysis Modeling System -- EXAMS Version 2.97, Mode 3

Chemical: 1) Benzoic Acid

---------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1.01.1 Chemical input data for neutral molecule (Sp.#1).

*** Chemical-specific data: SET via "entry( 1)"

MWT: 2.05E+02 VAPR: 1.57E-04 HENRY: 1.52E-06 KOW: 
87

KVO: EVPR: EHEN: KOC: 6.42E+01

*** Ion-specific data: "entry(1, 1)"

SOL: 2.79E+02 KPB: KPS: 

ESOL: KPDOC: 

*** Reactivity of dissolved species: SET via "entry(1, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of solids-sorbed species: "entry(2, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of "DOC"-complexed species: "entry(3, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of biosorbed species: "entry(4, 1, 1)" 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

Zoxamide Residues PRZM and EXAMS New York grapes crop output for use in Index Reservoir/PCA 

calculations. 

Zoxamide Residues. Grapes in New York. Index Res. Koc=64.2 

 WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 ---- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------

 1961 30.630 29.700 27.230 24.890 22.180 7.279

 1962 55.840 54.260 51.890 44.550 38.220 15.910

 1963 19.370 18.960 17.320 14.070 11.990 8.468

 1964 36.600 35.490 32.960 28.430 24.510 10.480

 1965 29.950 29.050 25.790 21.470 20.280 9.864

 1966 29.120 28.360 26.650 23.570 20.850 10.390

 1967 53.830 52.320 47.240 40.890 35.640 14.500

 1968 30.760 30.020 27.670 23.060 21.010 10.750

 1969 30.690 29.770 27.150 23.000 20.780 9.018

 1970 63.730 61.540 58.600 50.060 43.130 16.980

 1971 47.110 45.700 40.810 35.000 31.340 14.100

 1972 45.930 44.930 40.850 35.910 31.620 14.190

 1973 27.600 26.770 23.730 20.630 18.120 8.864

 1974 27.140 26.320 23.930 20.840 18.940 8.619

 1975 43.460 41.850 38.400 37.920 35.270 13.730

 1976 42.230 40.960 37.400 32.560 29.710 12.590

 1977 97.710 94.890 88.600 75.470 64.800 24.680

 1978 55.530 54.080 49.720 42.250 36.710 17.980

 1979 128.000 124.000 112.000 95.850 81.930 29.610

 1980 75.860 73.890 67.290 56.980 52.470 25.380

 1981 53.220 51.620 47.110 37.300 31.610 14.900

 1982 30.330 29.290 27.540 25.570 22.860 11.600

 1983 76.790 74.150 69.300 58.030 49.580 18.430

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

------ --- --------

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 ---- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------

 0.042 128.000 124.000 112.000 95.850 81.930 29.610

 0.083 97.710 94.890 88.600 75.470 64.800 25.380

 0.125 76.790 74.150 69.300 58.030 52.470 24.680

 0.167 75.860 73.890 67.290 56.980 49.580 18.430

 0.208 63.730 61.540 58.600 50.060 43.130 17.980

 0.250 55.840 54.260 51.890 44.550 38.220 16.980

 0.292 55.530 54.080 49.720 42.250 36.710 15.910

 0.333 53.830 52.320 47.240 40.890 35.640 14.900

 0.375 53.220 51.620 47.110 37.920 35.270 14.500
88

 0.417 47.110 45.700 40.850 37.300 31.620 14.190

 0.458 45.930 44.930 40.810 35.910 31.610 14.100

 0.500 43.460 41.850 38.400 35.000 31.340 13.730

 0.542 42.230 40.960 37.400 32.560 29.710 12.590

 0.583 36.600 35.490 32.960 28.430 24.510 11.600

 0.625 30.760 30.020 27.670 25.570 22.860 10.750

 0.667 30.690 29.770 27.540 24.890 22.180 10.480

 0.708 30.630 29.700 27.230 23.570 21.010 10.390

 0.750 30.330 29.290 27.150 23.060 20.850 9.864

 0.792 29.950 29.050 26.650 23.000 20.780 9.018

 0.833 29.120 28.360 25.790 21.470 20.280 8.864

 0.875 27.600 26.770 23.930 20.840 18.940 8.619

 0.917 27.140 26.320 23.730 20.630 18.120 8.468

 0.958 19.370 18.960 17.320 14.070 11.990 7.279

 1/10 89.342 86.594 80.880 68.494 59.868 25.100

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 14.274

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 5.844

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 16.094

Zoxamide Residues PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop input for use in index reservoir/PCA calculations

*** PRZM 3.1 Input Data File coverted from PRZM 2.3; S.ABEL ***

*** IRMeTotl.INP created October 26, 2000 ***

*** ***

*** Total Parent Plus Degradates Run

*** ***

*** Modeler: M. Corbin ***

*** Index Reservoir and PCA Scenario for DW Assessment***

*** Assume 4% slope, conventional tillage with crop residue left ***

*** on the field after harvest ***

*** Manning's N value for planted across slope poor stand at ***

*** 20% maturity (for small grains) ***

*** Application by aerial spray ***

*** PCA for potatoes not available, use default PCA of 0.87 ***

Zoxamide

Conant Silt Loam MLRA M-143, Arastook County, ME

 0.770 0.150 0 12.50 1 3

 4

 0.28 0.44 1.00 172.80 5.80 3 4.00 600.00

 1

 1 0.10 30.00 90.00 3 91 85 88 0.00 60.0

 1 3

0101 0105 0109

0.43 0.27 0.43

.018 .018 .018

 36 

 050548 080948 180948 1

 050549 080949 180949 1

 050550 080950 180950 1 

 050551 080951 180951 1 

 050552 080952 180952 1 

 050553 080953 180953 1 

 050554 080954 180954 1 

 050555 080955 180955 1 

 050556 080956 180956 1 

 050557 080957 180957 1 

 050558 080958 180958 1 

 050559 080959 180959 1 

 050560 080960 180960 1 

 050561 080961 180961 1 

 050562 080962 180962 1 

 050563 080963 180963 1 
89

 050564 080964 180964 1 

 050565 080965 180965 1 

 050566 080966 180966 1 

 050567 080967 180967 1 

 050568 080968 180968 1 

 050569 080969 180969 1 

 050570 080970 180970 1 

 050571 080971 180971 1 

 050572 080972 180972 1 

 050573 080973 180973 1 

 050574 080974 180974 1 

 050575 080975 180975 1 

 050576 080976 180976 1 

 050577 080977 180977 1 

 050578 080978 180978 1 

 050579 080979 180979 1 

 050580 080980 180980 1 

 050581 080981 180981 1 

 050582 080982 180982 1 

 050583 080983 180983 1 

Application Schedule: Aerial @ 0.22 kgs a.i/ha (adjusted), 8 times @ 5 day intervals,

 288 1 0 0

Zoxamide:

 060548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310548 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110648 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310549 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110649 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310550 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110650 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 310551 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110651 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310552 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110652 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
90

 310553 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110653 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310554 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110654 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310555 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110655 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310556 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110656 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310557 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110657 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310558 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110658 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310559 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110659 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310560 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110660 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 160561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310561 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110661 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
91

 110562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310562 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110662 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310563 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110663 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310564 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110664 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310565 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110665 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310566 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110666 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310567 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110667 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310568 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110668 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310569 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110669 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
92

 310570 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110670 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 260571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310571 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 050671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110671 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310572 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110672 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310573 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110673 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310574 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110674 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310575 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110675 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310576 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110676 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 110577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310577 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110677 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310578 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110678 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16
93

 110579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310579 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110679 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 160580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16 

 210580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310580 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110680 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310581 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110681 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310582 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110682 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 060583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 160583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 210583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 260583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 310583 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 050683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 110683 0 2 0.0 0.22 0.95 0.16

 0.0 3

 0.0 0.0 0.5

Soil Series: Conant Silt Loam 

 100.00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 0.0 0.00 0.00

 4 64.16

 4 

 1 10.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .0110 .01100 0.000

 0.1 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 2 16.00 1.250 0.341 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01100 .01100 0.000

 1.0 0.341 0.121 4.640 0.0

 3 64.00 1.400 0.266 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01100 .01100 0.000

 1.0 0.266 0.116 0.174 0.0

 4 10.00 1.600 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000

 .01100 .01100 0.000

 1.0 0.261 0.111 0.116 0.0

 0

 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1

 1

 1 -----

 6 DAY

 PRCP TSER 0 0

 RUNF TSER 0 0

 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3

 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5
94

 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5

1Exposure Analysis Modeling System -- EXAMS Version 2.97, Mode 3

Chemical: 1) Benzoic Acid

---------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1.01.1 Chemical input data for neutral molecule (Sp.#1).

*** Chemical-specific data: SET via "entry( 1)"

MWT: 2.05E+02 VAPR: 1.57E-04 HENRY: 1.52E-06 KOW: 

KVO: EVPR: EHEN: KOC: 6.42E+01

*** Ion-specific data: "entry(1, 1)"

SOL: 2.79E+02 KPB: KPS: 

ESOL: KPDOC: 

*** Reactivity of dissolved species: SET via "entry(1, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of solids-sorbed species: "entry(2, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of "DOC"-complexed species: "entry(3, 1, 1)" 

KAH: EAH: KNH: ENH: 

KBH: EBH: KRED: ERED: 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

*** Reactivity of biosorbed species: "entry(4, 1, 1)" 

KBACW: 3.40E-04 QTBAW: 2.00 KBACS: QTBAS: 2.00 

Zoxamide Residues PRZM and EXAMS Maine potato crop output for use in Index Reservoir/PCA calculations. 

Zoxamide Residues. Potatoes in Maine. Index Res. Koc=64.2 

 WATER COLUMN DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION (PPB)

 YEAR PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 ---- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------

 1948 10.660 10.390 9.687 8.832 8.095 3.392

 1949 8.852 8.627 7.996 7.315 7.038 3.461

 1950 9.804 9.555 8.897 7.606 6.820 3.144

 1951 8.750 8.528 8.106 7.650 6.946 3.078

 1952 20.060 19.550 18.880 15.580 13.360 5.344

 1953 12.930 12.600 11.220 9.982 9.581 4.659

 1954 14.230 13.870 12.990 10.710 9.384 4.132

 1955 38.130 37.160 34.960 28.650 24.990 9.527

 1956 25.250 24.610 23.470 19.920 17.200 7.397

 1957 22.370 22.040 20.050 16.010 14.350 6.656

 1958 13.700 13.350 12.780 10.850 9.462 4.365

 1959 15.890 15.490 13.910 11.010 9.650 4.136

 1960 20.990 20.460 19.300 15.760 14.160 6.068

 1961 11.680 11.360 10.730 9.939 8.879 4.247

 1962 12.430 12.120 11.050 9.571 8.687 3.963

 1963 9.099 8.869 8.230 7.317 6.724 3.190

 1964 12.750 12.430 11.830 10.820 9.712 4.147

 1965 21.030 20.590 19.300 15.430 13.110 5.481

 1966 11.380 11.090 10.250 8.604 7.604 3.594

 1967 10.500 10.330 9.569 8.214 7.368 3.257

 1968 9.596 9.353 8.851 8.035 7.183 3.114

 1969 18.870 18.400 16.570 13.630 12.200 4.922

 1970 13.230 12.870 11.910 10.460 9.596 4.363

 1971 9.443 9.204 8.785 7.886 7.142 3.297

 1972 30.490 29.720 26.740 21.030 17.800 7.090

 1973 23.470 22.880 21.410 19.170 17.030 7.356

 1974 21.520 20.970 18.740 15.020 13.520 6.114

 1975 9.238 9.004 8.363 7.542 7.016 3.575
95

 1976 19.200 18.720 17.660 16.540 14.910 6.087

 1977 9.123 8.892 8.254 7.105 6.440 3.156

 1978 11.610 11.320 10.650 9.022 7.924 3.349

 1979 12.240 11.930 10.940 9.430 8.171 3.425

 1980 10.750 10.470 9.846 7.983 7.879 4.000

 1981 15.050 14.670 13.720 11.960 10.710 4.632

 1982 20.950 20.420 18.490 16.570 14.690 6.142

 1983 19.420 19.010 18.520 15.690 13.610 5.767

 SORTED FOR PLOTTING 

------ --- --------

 PROB PEAK 96 HOUR 21 DAY 60 DAY 90 DAY YEARLY

 ---- ---- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------

 0.027 38.130 37.160 34.960 28.650 24.990 9.527

 0.054 30.490 29.720 26.740 21.030 17.800 7.397

 0.081 25.250 24.610 23.470 19.920 17.200 7.356

 0.108 23.470 22.880 21.410 19.170 17.030 7.090

 0.135 22.370 22.040 20.050 16.570 14.910 6.656

 0.162 21.520 20.970 19.300 16.540 14.690 6.142

 0.189 21.030 20.590 19.300 16.010 14.350 6.114

 0.216 20.990 20.460 18.880 15.760 14.160 6.087

 0.243 20.950 20.420 18.740 15.690 13.610 6.068

 0.270 20.060 19.550 18.520 15.580 13.520 5.767

 0.297 19.420 19.010 18.490 15.430 13.360 5.481

 0.324 19.200 18.720 17.660 15.020 13.110 5.344

 0.351 18.870 18.400 16.570 13.630 12.200 4.922

 0.378 15.890 15.490 13.910 11.960 10.710 4.659

 0.405 15.050 14.670 13.720 11.010 9.712 4.632

 0.432 14.230 13.870 12.990 10.850 9.650 4.365

 0.459 13.700 13.350 12.780 10.820 9.596 4.363

 0.486 13.230 12.870 11.910 10.710 9.581 4.247

 0.514 12.930 12.600 11.830 10.460 9.462 4.147

 0.541 12.750 12.430 11.220 9.982 9.384 4.136

 0.568 12.430 12.120 11.050 9.939 8.879 4.132

 0.595 12.240 11.930 10.940 9.571 8.687 4.000

 0.622 11.680 11.360 10.730 9.430 8.171 3.963

 0.649 11.610 11.320 10.650 9.022 8.095 3.594

 0.676 11.380 11.090 10.250 8.832 7.924 3.575

 0.703 10.750 10.470 9.846 8.604 7.879 3.461

 0.730 10.660 10.390 9.687 8.214 7.604 3.425

 0.757 10.500 10.330 9.569 8.035 7.368 3.392

 0.784 9.804 9.555 8.897 7.983 7.183 3.349

 0.811 9.596 9.353 8.851 7.886 7.142 3.297

 0.838 9.443 9.204 8.785 7.650 7.038 3.257

 0.865 9.238 9.004 8.363 7.606 7.016 3.190

 0.892 9.123 8.892 8.254 7.542 6.946 3.156

 0.919 9.099 8.869 8.230 7.317 6.820 3.144

 0.946 8.852 8.627 8.106 7.315 6.724 3.114

 0.973 8.750 8.528 7.996 7.105 6.440 3.078

 1/10 24.004 23.399 22.028 19.395 17.081 7.170

 MEAN OF ANNUAL VALUES = 4.712

 STANDARD DEVIATION OF ANNUAL VALUES = 1.560

 UPPER 90% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ON MEAN = 5.097

Zoxamide SCIGROW input/output for ground water concentration.

 RUN No. 1 FOR Parent Zoxamide INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 APPL (#/AC) APPL. URATE SOIL SOIL AEROBIC
96

 RATE NO. (#/AC/YR) KOC METABOLISM (DAYS)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .200 8 1.600 1294.0 37.8

 GROUND-WATER SCREENING CONCENTRATIONS IN PPB

 --------------------------------------------------------

 .060639

 --------------------------------------------------------

 A= 32.800 B= 1299.000 C= 1.516 D= 3.114 RILP= 1.344

 F= -1.421 G= .038 URATE= 1.600 GWSC= .060639

Zoxamide Residues SCIGROW input/output for ground water concentration.

 RUN No. 1 FOR Zoxamide + Degradates - INPUT VALUES

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 APPL (#/AC) APPL. URATE SOIL SOIL AEROBIC

 RATE NO. (#/AC/YR) KOC METABOLISM (DAYS)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .220 8 1.760 64.2 61.8

 GROUND-WATER SCREENING CONCENTRATIONS IN PPB

 --------------------------------------------------------

 2.069801

 --------------------------------------------------------

 A= 56.800 B= 69.200 C= 1.754 D= 1.840 RILP= 3.789

 F= .070 G= 1.176 URATE= 1.760 GWSC= 2.069801
97

APPENDIX C

TOXICITY DATA TABLES
98

ECOLOGICAL HAZARD SUMMARY:

Hazard Summary:

Toxicity to Freshwater Aquatic Animals

Freshwater Fish, Acute

Zoxamide in its simplest formulation is categorized as highly toxic to freshwater fishes on an 

acute basis while as a co-formulated product mancozeb it is categorized as moderately toxic to 

freshwater fishes. The guideline (72-1) is fulfilled. The results of this test are tabulated below:

Table C1-Freshwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test:

Species/Flow 

Through

%ai

LC50 Value

(ppb)

Toxicity 

Category

MRID No./

Author/Year

Study

Classification

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

94.2

69%mancozeb 

+ 8.26% 

zoxamide

156

1900

Highly toxic

Moderately

447319-26

/Sword/1995

449505-03/

Rhodes/1998

Core

Core

Bluegill sunfish

(Lepomis 

macrochirus) 94.2 >790 Highly toxic

447319-27/

Sword/

1995 Core

Freshwater Fish, Chronic

Zoxamide is categorized as a reproductive inhibitor for freshwater fishes on a chronic basis. The 

guideline (72-4) is fulfilled. The results of this test are tabulated below:

Table C 2---Freshwater Fish Early Life-Stage Toxicity Under Flow-through Conditions

NOAEC /
99

Species/ %ai

LOAEC

(ppb)

Endpoints 

Affected

MRID/

Author/

Year

Study 

Classification

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

92.9% 3.48/

6.87

Post hatch 

survival rate 

affected. 

Resulted show 

10% below the 

normal rate

447319-29/

Downing/1996

Core

Freshwater Fish Life-Cycle Toxicity Test:

Zoxamide is categorized as a reproductive inhibitor to freshwater fishes on a chronic using the 

Fish Life-Cycle Toxicity Test The preferred test organism is the fathead minnow. The guideline 

(72-5) is fulfilled. The results of this test are tabulated below

Table C3-Freshwater Fish Life-Cycle Toxicity Test

Species %ai

NOAEC/

LOAEC

(ppb)

Toxicity

Endpoints

MRID/

Author/ Year

Study 

Classification

Fathead 

minnow

(Pimephales 

promelas)

92.3% 60/

121

Affected 

parameterslength, hatch 

success, 28 D 

survival

447319-31/

Drottar/

1998

Core

Freshwater Invertebrates, Acute

Technical grade zoxamide is categorized as very highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates and 

when co-formulated with mancozeb it is categorized as moderately toxic to freshwater 

invertebrates on an acute level. The guideline (72-2) is fulfilled. The preferred test species is 

Daphnia magna. Results of this test are tabulated below

Table C4--Freshwater Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test

Species %ai

EC50

(ppb)

Toxicity

Category

MRID/Author/

Year

Study 

Classification
100

Daphnid

(Daphnia 

magna)

Daphnid

(Daphnia 

magna)

94.2%

69% mancozeb 

+ 8.26 

Zoxamide

> 780

3800

No More than 

Highly toxic

Moderately 

toxic

447319-20/

Sword/ 1995

449505-02/

Madsen/1998

Core

Core

Freshwater Invertebrate, Chronic

Zoxamide is categorized as survival rate and reproductive inhibitor to freshwater invertebrates on 

a chronic basis. The guideline (72-4) is fulfilled. The data for this information is presented 

below

Table C5-Freshwater Invertebrate Chronic Reproduction Toxicity Test

Species %ai

NOAEC/

LOAEC

(ppb)

Toxicity

Endpoints

Affected

MRID/Author/

Year

Study

Classification

Daphnid

(Daphnia 

magna)

Midge

(Chironomus 

riparius)

92.3%

92.3%

39/74

210/340

Survival Rate 

Affected

Survival rate 

Affected

447319-21/

Murrell/

1997

447319-22/

Kolk/1998

Core

Supplemental

Toxicity to Estuarine and Marine Animals

Estuarine and Marine Fish, Acute

Zoxamide is categorized as practically non-toxic to estuarine/marine fishes on an acute basis as 

the high does nears the solubility limit. The preferred test species is sheepshead minnow. The 

guideline (72-3) is fulfilled. Results of these tests are tabulated below.

Table C6-Estuarine/marine fish Acute Toxicity Test

Species %ai

EC50 Value

(ppb)

Toxicity

Category

MRID/

Author/ Year

Study 

Classification
101

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

92.3% >860 Practically 

non-toxic

447319-28/

Roberts/

1997 Core

Estuarine and Marine Fish, Chronic

The results of this test show zoxamide is categorized as a growth inhbitor to estuarine/marine 

fishes on a chronic basis. The preferred test species is sheepshead minnow. The guideline 

(72-4a) is fulfilled. Results of this test are tabulated below:

Table C7-Estuarine/marine Fish Chronic Toxicity Test

Species %ai

NOAEC/

LOAEC

(ppb)

Toxicity

Endpoints

Affected

MRID/

Author/ Year

Study

Classification

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

92.3% 40/78

Length affected 

at

250 ppb

447319-30/

Drottar & 

Krueger/

1998

Core

Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates, Acute

The results of this test indicate zoxamide is very highly toxic to estuarine/marine shrimp and 

highly toxic to the Eastern oyster on an acute basis. The preferred test species are mysid shrimp 

and eastern oyster. The guideline (72-3b and 72-3c) is fulfilled. Results of these tests are 

tabulated below.

Table C8-Estuarine/marine Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test

Species/ 

Flow-through % ai.

96-hour

LC50 (ppb)

(measured)

Toxicity 

Category

MRID No.

Author/Year

Study 

Classification

Eastern Oyster 447319-24/
102

(Crassostrea 

virginica) 92.3% 715 Highly 

Toxic

Roberts/

1997 Core

Saltwater Mysid

(Mysidopsis 

bahia)

92.3% 75

Very Highly 

Toxic

447319-23/

Roberts

1997 Core

Estuarine and Marine Invertebrate, Chronic

The results indicate zoxamide is reproductive inhibitor to estuarine/marine invertebrates on a 

chronic basis as growth and reproduction rates are affected in this study. The preferred test 

species is mysid shrimp. The guideline (72-4b) is fulfilled. Results of this test are tabulated 

below:

Table C9-Estuarine/marine Invertebrate Chronic Toxicity Test

Species % ai

NOAEC/

LOAEC

(ppb)

Toxicity 

Endpoints

Affected

MRID No.

Author/ Year

Study 

Classification

Saltwater Mysid

(Mysidopsis 

bahia

92.3% 7.2/14

Reproduction 

and

growth affected. 

Results 10% 

below the 

normal 

measurements

447319-25

Drottar/1998 Core

Insects

An analysis of the results show zoxamide is practically non-toxic to honey bees on an acute 

contact and acute oral basis. The guideline (141-1) is fulfilled (256454). The results of these test 

are tabulated below:

Table C10-acute Oral & Contact Toxicity Test

Species/(Static 

Renewal) % ai

LD50

(ug/bee)

Toxicity 

Category

MRID No.

Author/Year

Study 

Classification
103

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Honey bee

(Apis 

mellifera)

>95%

69% mancozeb 

&

8.3% Zoxamide

>153 ug ai/bee

>200 ug ai/bee

Practically 

non-toxic

Relatively 

Non-toxic

447319-19/

Kirkland/1993

449505-04/

Engelhard/1997

Core

Core

Toxicity to Terrestrial Animals

Mammals, Acute and Chronic

Wild mammal testing is required on a case-by-case basis, depending on the results of lower tier 

laboratory mammalian studies, intended use pattern and pertinent environmental fate 

characteristics. In most cases, rat or mouse toxicity values obtained from the Agency's Health 

Effects Division (HED) substitute for wild mammal testing. An analysis of the results indicate 

that zoxamide is categorized as practically non-toxic to mammals on an acute oral basis and 

the potential for chronic reproductive effects appears to be low when using the highest does tested. 

The guidelines are fulfilled. These toxicity values are reported below.

Table C11-Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity

Species %ai Test Type Toxicity 

Values

MRID No.

Study 

Classification

Laboratory Rat

(Rattus 

norvegicus)

97.7% (Purity) Acute Oral

LD50= >5,000 

mg/kg 44731837 Core

Laboratory 

mouse

97.7% (Purity) Acute Oral

LD50 = >5,000 

mg/kg 44731834 Core

Table C12-Mammalian Reproductive Toxicity

Species % ai Test Type Toxicity 

Values

MRID No.

Study 

Classification

2-Generation 
104

reproduction 

laboratory rat 

(Rattus 

norvegicus

92.3%

Chronic 

Reproductive

NOAEL=

20,000 ppm 44770001 Core

Birds, Oral Acute and Subacute

On an oral acute basis zoxamide is categorized as practically non-toxic to avian species. The 

guideline (71-1) is fulfilled. Results of this test are tabulated below:

Table C13--Avian Acute Oral Toxicity

Species %ai LD50 mg/kg Toxicity 

Category

MRID/Author/

Yr

Study 

Classification

Bobwhite quail

(Colinus 

virginianus) 92.9% >2000 mg/kg Practically 

non-toxic

447319-33/Will

iams/1997 Core

On an oral subacute basis, the LC50 value for both species tested was greater than 5250 ppm. 

Zoxamide practically non-toxic for avian organisms on a subacute basis. The guideline (71-2) is 

fulfilled. The results of this test are tabulated below:

Table C14-Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity

Species %ai

LC50

(ppm)

Toxicity

category MRID/Author/

Yr

Study

Classification

Bobwhite quail

(Colinus 

virginianus 92.9% >5250

Practically 

non-toxic

447319-34/

Williams/1997 Core

Mallard duck

(Anas 

platyrhnchos)

92.9% >5250

Practically 

non-toxic

447319-35/

Williams/1997 Core

Birds, Chronic

The data submitted indicate that zoxamide exposures of 1000 ppm to bobwhite quail and mallard 

duck will not result in reproductive effects. Therefore, the guideline (71-4) is fulfilled. 

Results of these tests are tabulated below:

Table C15-Avian Reproduction
105

Species %ai

NOAEC/

LOAEC

(ppm)

Toxicity 

Endpoint

Affected MRID/Author/

Yr

Study

Classification

Bobwhite quail

(Colinus 

virginianus

Mallard duck

(Anas 

platyrhnchos)

92.3%

92.3%

1000/>1000

1000/>1000

None

None

447319-36/Kap

ustka/1998

449474-01/

Gallagher/1999

Core

Core

Toxicity to Plants

Of the five semi-aquatic plants tested, the most sensitive were the Lemna gibba and green algae as 

indicated in the OECD and FIFRA studies. The guideline (123-2-Tier II) is fulfilled. The data is 

tabulated below.

Table C16- Semi-Aquatic Plant Acute and Chronic Toxicity

Species %ai

EC50 Value

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb) MRID/Author/

Yr

Study 

Classification

S. capricorntum 92.9% 23 4.1

447319-38/Zieg

ler/

1996

Core

Navicula 
106

pelliculosa

(freshwater 

diatom)

92.3% >930 210

447700-05/

Drottar/1998 Core

Skeletonema 

costatum

(Marine diatom) 92.3% >910 490

447319-42/

Drottar/1998 Core

Lemna gibba

(Duckweed)

Lemna gibba

(Duckweed)

92.3%

96.3%

19

19

9.0

9.0

447319-45/

Drottar/1998

447319-45/

Drottar/1998

Core

Core

Anabaena 

flos-aquae

(Freshwater Alga)

Scenedesmus 

subspicatus

(freshwater alga)

Scenedesmus 

subspicatus

(freshwater alga)

92.3%

92.3%

96.3%

>860

10

10

860

7.0

7.0

447319-40/

Drottar/1998

447319-39/

Drottar/1998

447319-39/

Drottar/1998

Core

Supplemental1

Supplemental1

1. The algae tested is not a recommended test species
107

APPENDIX D

GENERALIZED EFED RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD AND CALCULATION TABLES 

FOR RISK QUOTIENTS
108

The risk assessment integrates the results of the exposure and ecotoxicity data to evaluate the likelihood of adverse 

ecological effects. The means of this integration is called the quotient method. Risk quotients (RQs) are calculated 

by dividing acute and chronic exposure estimates by toxicity values. 

 

 RQ = EXPOSURE/TOXICITY 

RQs are then compared to OPP's levels of concern (LOCs). These LOCs are used by OPP to assess potential risk to 

nontarget organisms and the need to consider regulatory action. The criteria indicate that a pesticide used as directed 

has the potential to cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms. LOCs currently address the following risk 

presumption categories: (1) acute high -- potential for acute risk is high; regulatory action may be warranted in 

addition to restricted use classification, (2) acute restricted use -- the potential for acute risk is high, but may be 

mitigated through restricted use classification, (3) acute endangered species - endangered species may be adversely 

affected if actual exposure occurs, and (4) chronic risk - the potential for chronic risk is high, regulatory action may be 

warranted. Currently, EFED does not perform assessments for chronic risk to plants, acute or chronic risks to 

nontarget insects, or chronic risk from granular/bait formulations to birds or mammals.

The ecotoxicity test values (measurement endpoints) used in the acute and chronic risk quotients are derived from 

required studies. Examples of ecotoxicity values derived from short-term laboratory studies that assess acute effects 

are: (1) LC50 (fish and birds), (2) LD50 (birds and mammals), (3) EC50 (aquatic plants and aquatic invertebrates) and 

(4) EC25 (terrestrial plants). Examples of toxicity test effect levels derived from the results of long-term laboratory 

studies that assess chronic exposure-related effects are: (1) LOAEC (birds, fish, and aquatic invertebrates) and (2) 

NOAEC (birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates). For birds and mammals, the NOAEC generally is used as the 

ecotoxicity test value in assessing chronic exposure risks, although other values may be used when justified. 

Generally, the NOAEC is used as the ecotoxicity test value in assessing chronic exposure risks to fish and aquatic 

invertebrates.

Risk presumptions and the corresponding RQs and LOCs, are tabulated on the following page.

Risk Presumptions for Terrestrial Animals

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Birds

Acute High Risk EEC1/LC50 or LD50/sqft2 or LD50/day3 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day (or 

LD50 < 50 mg/kg)

0.2

Acute Endangered Species EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day 0.1
109

Risk Presumptions for Terrestrial Animals

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Chronic Risk EEC/NOEC 1

1

 abbreviation for Estimated Environmental Concentration (ppm) on avian/mammalian food 

items 

2

 mg/ft2 3 

Risk Presumptions for Aquatic Animals 

mg of toxicant consumed/day

 LD50 * wt. of bird LD50 * wt. of bird 

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Acute High Risk EEC1/LC50 or EC50 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC50 or EC50 0.1

Acute Endangered Species EEC/LC50 or EC50 0.05

Chronic Risk EEC/MATC or NOEC 1

1

 EEC = (ppm or ppb) in water
110

Table D1-Risk quotients for Freshwater fishes using the Rainbow Trout And 

PRZM/EXAM Modeling

Site LC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

60 day

(ppb)

Acute 

Risk

quotient

Chronic

Risk

Quotient

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

156 ppb

(Rainbow 

trout

Onchorynchus 

mykiss)

156 ppb

(Rainbow 

trout

Onchorynchus 

mykiss)

3.48

Rainbow 

trout

(Onchorynchu

s mykiss)

3.48

Rainbow 

trout

(Onchorynchu

s mykiss)

7.5

2.3

1.1

0.4

0.05

0.015

0.32

0.11

Table D2-Freshwater Fish Early Life-Stage Toxicity Under Flow-through 

Conditions

Site NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

60-Day

Chronic 

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes,

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 5 

day intervals)

3.48

3.48

1.1

0.4

0.32

0.11

Table D3--Risk Quotients For Early Life-Stage Freshwater Fish Using The Fathead 

minnow

Site NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

60-Day

(ppb)

Chronic 

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes,

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 applications, 5 

day intervals)

60

60

1.1

0.4

0.018

0.007
111

Table D4-Risk Quotients For Freshwater Invertebrates Using the Daphnia magna

And PRZM/EXAMS Modeling.

Site EC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

Initial

(pbb)

PRZM/EXAM 

21-day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk 

Quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

> 780

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

39

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

7.5 2.1 <0.01 0.05

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

3800

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna)

39

Daphnid

Daphnia 

magna) 2.3 0.6 0.0006 0.015

Table D5--Risk Quotients For Estuarine/marine fishes using the sheepshead 

minnow and PRZM/EXAMS Modeling

Site EC50 NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM 

60-day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk

Quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

>860

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

>860

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

40

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

40

Sheepshead 

minnow

( Cyprinodon 

variegatus

7.5

2.3

1.1

0.4

<0.009

<0.003

0.03

0.01

Table D6--Risk Quotients for Estuarine/marine invertebrates using the mysid 

shrimp and PRZM/EXAMS Modeling

Site EC50

(ppb)

NOAEC

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM

Initial

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAM 

21-Day

(ppb)

Acute

Risk

Quotient

Chronic

Risk

quotient

Grapes, 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 

day intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 

day intervals)

75

75

7.2

7.2

7.5

2.3

2.1

0.6

0.1

0.03

0.29

0.08
112

Table D7--Multiple Applications of Zoxamide for Avian Species

Site Food Items Maximum 

EECs

(ppm) 

Chronic

Maximum 

EECs

(ppm) 

For acute

LC50(ppm) NOAEC

ppm

Acute RQ

(EEC/LC50

Chronic RQ

(EEC/NOAEC)

Grapes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Broadleaf

plants/insects

Seeds

248.48

113.89

139.77

15.53

248.48

113.89

139.77

15.53

>5250 1000 <0.05

<0.02

<0.03

<0.01

0.25

0.11

0.14

0.015

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Broadleaf

plants/insects

Seeds

278.57

127.68

156.70

17.41

278.57

127.68

156.70

17.41

>5250 1000 <0.05

<0.02

<0.03

<0.01

0.30

0.13

0.16

0.02

Table D8--Mammalian (Herbivore/Insectivore) Acute Risk Quotients For Multiple 

Applications Of Non-granular Products(Broadcast) Based on Rattus norvegicus

LD50 of >5,000 mg/kg

Site/App. 

Method/

App Rate/

No. Of App

Body 

weight

(grams)

% Body 

weight

Consume

d

Rat

LD50

(mg/kg)

EEC

(ppm)

Short

Grass

EEC

(ppm)

Forage &

Small

Insects

EEC

(ppm)

Large

Insects

Acute

RQ

Short

Grass

Acute

RQ

Forage

Small

Insects

Acute 

RQ

Large

Insects

Grapes/ 

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr

15

35

1000

95

66

15

>5,000

>5,000

>5,000

248.48

248.48

248.48

113.89

113.89

113.89

139.77

139.77

139.77

<0.05

<0.03

<0.01

<0.02

<0.02

<0.01

<0.03

<0.02

<0.01

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/ 15

35

1000

95

66

15

>5,000

>5,000

>5,000

278.57

278.57

278.57

127.68

127.68

127.68

156.70

156.70

156.70

<0.05

<0.04

<0.01

<0.02

<0.02

<0.01

<0.03

<0.02

<0.01

1

Mammalian RQ’s = EEC

 LD50/ (%Body weight Of Mammals)
113

Table D9--Mammalian (Granivore) Acute Risk Quotients for Multiple Applications of 

Non-granular Products (Broadcast) based on Rattus norvegicus LD50 of >5,000 mg/kg

Site Body Weight

(g)

%Body Weight

Consumed

Rat LD50

(mg/kg)

EEC

(ppm)

Seeds

Acute RQ1 Seed

Grapes/Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 times 

per yr

15

35

1000

21

15

3

>5000

>5,000

>5,000

15.53

15.53

15.53

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/

15

35

1000

21

15

3

>5000

>5,000

>5,000

17.41

17.41

17.41

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1 Mammalian RQ= EEC

 LD50/(%Body Weight)

Table-D10 -Mammalian (Granivore) Chronic Risk Quotients For Multiple 

Applications of Non-granular products (Broadcast) based on Rattus norvegicus 

NOAEL of 20,000 ppm

Site/ 

Application 

rate/ 

Number of 

application

Rat NOAEL

Toxicity

(ppm)

Value

EEC

(ppm)

Short Grass

EEC

(ppm)

Forage &

Small 

Insects

EEC

(ppm)

Large

Insects

Chronic

Risk 

Quotient

Short Grass

Chronic 

Risk

Quotients

(Forage &

Small 

Insects)

Chronic

Risk 

Quotients

(Large 

Insects)

Grapes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/A 8 

times per yr 20,000 248.48 113.89 139.77 0.01 0.006 0.007

Potatoes/

Aerial/

0.2 lbs ai/ 20,000 278.57 127.68 156.70 0.01 0.006 0.008
114

Table-D11--Risk Quotients For Terrestrial and Semi-aquatic plants

Species Application Site EC50

(ppb)

PRZM/EXAMS

(ppb)

Acute

Value

Navicula pelliculosa

(freshwater diatom)

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 day 

intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 day 

intervals)

>930

>930

7.5

2.3

<0.08

<0.02

Lemna gibba

(Duckweed)

Grapes

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 7 day 

intervals)

Potatoes 

(0.2 lbs ai/A, 8 

applications, 5 day 

intervals)

19

19

7.5

2.3

0.40

0.12
115

APPENDIX E

DATA REQUIREMENTS
116

Table D-1. Environmental Fate Data Requirements For Zoxamide

Guideli

ne #

Data Requirement

Is Data 

Requirement 

Satisfied?

MRID #’s

Study 

Classification

161-1 Hydrolysis yes 44731908 acceptable

161-2 Photodegradation in Water yes 44731911 acceptable

161-3 Photodegradation on Soil yes 44731910 acceptable

161-4 Photodegradation in Air Not required

162-1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism yes

no

44731912

44731913

acceptable

162-2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism yes 44731914 acceptable

162-3 Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Not 

submitted

162-4 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism yes 44770002 acceptable

163-1 Leaching/Adsorption/Desorption no 44731916 partially

163-2 Laboratory Volatility

163-3 Field Volatility not required

164-1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation no

no

44732126

44732127

supplemental

164-2 Aquatic Field Dissipation not required supplemental

164-3 Forestry Dissipation not required

165-4 Accumulation in Fish yes acceptable

165-5 Accumulation- aquatic non-target not required

166-1 Ground Water- small prospective not required

166-2 Ground Water- small 

retrospective

not required

201-1 Droplet Size Spectrum reserved

202-1 Drift Field Evaluation reserved
117

Table D-2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Zoxamide

Guidelin

e # Data Requirement MRID # Classification Is data requirement satisfied?

71-1 Avian acute oral LD50

Bobwhite quail

Mallard Duck

447319-33 Core

Core Yes

71-2 Avian subacute dietary LC50

bobwhite quail

mallard duck

447319-44

447319-35

Core

Core Yes

71-4 Avian reproduction 

bobwhite quail

mallard duck

447319-36

447319-37

Core

Core

Yes

72-1 Freshwater fish acute LC50 /EC50

rainbow trout

bluegill sunfish

447319-26

447319-27

Core

Core Yes

72-2 Freshwater invertebrate acute 

LC50 (daphnia) 447319-20 Core Yes

72-3a Estuarine/marine fish acute LC50

(sheepshead minnow) 447319-28 Core Yes

72-3b Estuarine/marine acute 

invertebrateEC50 (mysid) 447319-23 Core Yes

72-3c Estuarine/marine acute 

invertebrate EC50 (mollusc) 447319-24 Core Yes

72-4a Freshwater fish early life stage

(rainbow trout) 447319-29 Supplemental Yes

72-4c Estuarine/marine fish early life 

stage

(sheepshead minnow) 447319-30 Supplemental Yes

72-4b Freshwater invertebrate life cycle 

(daphnia) 447319-21 Core Yes

72-4d Estuarine/marine life cycle

(mysid) 447319-25 Core Yes

72-5 Freshwater fish full life cycle

(fathead minnow) 447319-31 Core Yes

81-1 Acute mammalian oral LD50

(rat)

44731837

44731834 Core Yes

83-1 Mammalian Chronic (rat) 44770001 Core Yes

123-2 Aquatic plant acute EC50 447319-38 ---- -----

144-1 Acute honeybee oral LC50 447319-19 Core Yes

144-2 Acute honeybee contact 4490505-04 Core Yes

70-1 earthworm toxicity 44770003 Supplemental Yes
118

APPENDIX F 

REFERENCES
119

REFERENCES

Jones, R.D., S.W. Abel, W. Effland, R. Matzner, and R. Parker. 1998. “An Index Reservoir for Use in Assessing Drinking Water

Exposures. Chapter IV in Proposed Methods for Basin-Scale Estimation of Pesticide Concentrations in Flowing Water and 

Reservoirs for Tolerance Reassessment., presented to the FIFRA Science Advisory Panel, Junly 29, 

1998. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/SAP/1998/index.htm

Water Quality Technical Team/Environmental Fate and Effects Division/OPP. August 6,. 2000. Guidance for Chemistry and 

Management Practice Input Parameters For Use in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides: GENEEC, 

PRZM/EXAMS/SCI-GROW.