DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 475

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1918

PART Y. HUDSON BAT AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIYER BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, District Engineer

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, IOWA, and ILLINOIS

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1921

CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms......................................................... 9

Explanation of data........................................................ 7

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 8

Cooperation.............................................................. 9

Division of work.......................................................... 10

Gaging-station records........ ......... ^................................... 11

Hudson Bay drainage basin............................................. 11

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.................................... 11

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta............................... 13

St. Mary canal at intake, near Babb, Mont........................... 16

St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont............... 17

St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont......... 18

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont.......................... 19

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont............................... 21

Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont............................ 23

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 24

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 26

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak.............................. 28

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 28

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 30

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak...................................... 32

Evaporation at University, N. Dak.................................. 34

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn...'............................. 34

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin................................. 36

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn................................ 36

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn................................ 38

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 39

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.............................. 41

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis...................................... 42

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis........................... 44

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis................................... 45

Apple River near Somerset, Wis.................................... 47

Kinnikink River near River Falls, Wis............................ 49

Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis................ 51

Chippewa River at Brace, Wis..................................... 53

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.................. .......... 55

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis................................ 57

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................... 59

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis....................................... 60

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis................................. 62

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.................................. 64

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 66

Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis ............................... 67

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.................................. 68

Black River at Neillsville, Wis.................................... 70

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis............................... 72

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis ........ 74

Wisconsin River at Merrill, V/is..................................... 76

Wisconsin River at Nekoosa, Wis................................... 77

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.................................. 79

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis................................. 81

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis...................................... 83

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis.................................... 84

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued Page.

BigEau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis........................... 86

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.............................. 88

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.................................. 90

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.................................. 92

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River,

near Maquoketa, Iowa.......................................... 93

Rock River at Afton, Wis.......................................... 95

Rock River at Rockford, 111....................................... 96

Rock River at Lyndon, 111........................................ 98

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis...................................... 100

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111................................... 101

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.................................... 103

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa................................. 104

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa...................................... 106

Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa....................................... 107

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa..................................... 109

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 110

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa............................. 112

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa..................................... 113

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa..................................... 115

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa................................... 116

Des Moines River at Des Moines. Iowa............................... 117

Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa............................... 118

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa............................... 120

Racoon River at Van Meter, Iowa.................................. 121

Illinois River at Peoria, 111......................................... 123

Kankakee River at Momenee, 111.................................. 124

Kankakee River at Ouster Park, 111................................ 126

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111................................... 127

Des Plaines River alJoliet, 111...................................... 129

Fox River at Algonquin, 111....................................... 130

Fox River atWedron, 111.......................................... 132

Vermilion River near Streator, 111.................................. 133

Spoon River at Seville, 111......................................... 135

MI River at Monticello, 111................................. 136

MI River at Riverton, 111.................................... 138

ion River near Oakford, 111.................................. 140

South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant, near Taylorville, 111.. 141

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111.................................... 143

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111................................ 145

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111.................................. 146

Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111............................... 148

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 150

Index.................................................................... 151

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price-current meters; B, Typical gaging station.................. 6

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens continuous; B, Gurley printing;

C, Friez....................................................... 7
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1918.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OP WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting records of 

measurements of'flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1918.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394) :

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1919.

1895......................................................... $12,500

1896......................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1917,inclusive....................................... 150,000

1918..............................*........................... 175,000

1919......................................................... 148,244.10

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 9.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,500 points 

in the United States and, also at many points in Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1918, 1,180 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In

5
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix

to this report.

DEFINITION OP TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and 

millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." , A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing 

run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream channel below the gage which determine the stage-discharge 

relation at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be 

the same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage ttte gage height to which the surface of the river falls when 

the discharge is reduced to zero.
V. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 475 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
TT. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 475 PLATE II

A. STEVENS CONTINUOUS. .B. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS,

C. FRIEZ.
SITEFACE WATEE SUP(PLY, 1918, PAET V. 7

I 

EXPLANATION^ OP DATA.

The data presented in this report Cover the year beginning October 

1, 1917, and ending September 30, 1918. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swanlps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off 

is possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for 

the year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, iand general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gagje or from a water-stage recorder 

that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements 

of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The 

general methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river discharge. !

Prom the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage,! and these rating tables, when 

applied to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, 

monthly, and yearly means of discharge are determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving records 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the 

stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage height and records of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the permanence of the stage-discharge relation 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If 

such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

discharge may pe obtained by averaging discharge at regular intervals 

during the day, or by using the discharge integrator, an instrument 

operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an 

essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest height, 

and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given 

in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean 

gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the avarage 

flow in cubic feet per second during the month. On this average 

flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are 

defined on page 6, are based.

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations shows 

the number of days in each year on which the mean daily discharge 

was less than the discharge given in the table. By subtraction the 

table gives the number of days each year that the mean daily discharge was between the discharges given in the table and, also by 

subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily discharge was 

equal to or greater than the discharge given. If one discharge rating 

table was used throughout the period covered by the deficiency table, 

gage heights that correspond to the discharges are also given.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RECORDS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station gives information 

regarding the (1) permanence of the stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating curve is defined, (3) refinement 

of gage readings, (4) frequency of gage readings, and (5) methods of 

applying daily gage heights to the rating table to obtain the daily 

discharge.1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures

i For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C. 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 63-69,1916.
COOPERATION. 9

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is 

less than 20inches. All figures representing "Second-feet per square 

mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the flow 

at the station and should not be used for 6ther than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind', however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

In Montana the work was done in cooperation with the United 

States Reclamation Service. The station on St. Mary River at 

Kimball, Alberta, was maintained in cooperation with the Canadian 

Department of Interior.

In Minnesota the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

State Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage 

engineer, under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem, therefore:

Be it resolved by the house of representatives, the senate &mewmngt That the State 

drainage commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States 

toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the 

nature of said problems in this State.

The International Joint Commission maintained the water-stage 

recorder and paid the salary of the observer at the station on Kawishiwi River near Winton, and the United States Engineer Corps 

paid the salaries of the observers at the stations on Minnesota River 

near Montevideo and Mississippi River at Elk River.

The United States Weather Bureau furnished daily gage readings 

for the stations on Mississippi River at St. Paul and Minnesota River 

near Mankato.
10 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

In Wisconsin the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and 

at certain stations with the Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co. 

(Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Red Cedar River near Colfax, 

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Red Cedar River at Menomonie) 

and Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. (Chippewa River at 

Bishops Bridge, near Winter).

In Iowa the work was carried on in cooperation with the Iowa 

Geological Survey, George F. Kay, director; the Mississippi River 

Power Co., of Keokuk, Iowa, R. H. Bolster, hydraulic engineer; and 

the Iowa Highway Commission, Thomas H. MacDonald, chief engineer.

In Illinois work was carried on in cooperation with the Division of 

Waterways of Public Works and Buildings afterward, and at single 

stations with the United States Army Engineer Corps (Illinois River 

at Peoria) and the Central Illinois Public Service Co. (South Fork 

of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville).

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay basin, except in Minnesota, were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, Mont., assisted by 

E. F. Chandler.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay and Mississippi River 

basins in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication under 

the direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, assisted by S. B. 

Soule1 and E. F. Chandler, assisted by T. G. Bedford, R. B. Kilgore, 

and H. A. Noble.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin the data 

were collected for publication under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, assisted by R. B. Kilgore, T. G. Bedford, J. B. Entringer, L. L. Smith, 

and F. W. Hue]**.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Iowa the data were 

collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, assisted by R. H. Bolster 

and R. W. Clyde, assisted by C. Herlofson, A. Davis, P. F. Gregg, 

and H. C. Hodge.

The data for stations in the Mississippi River basin in Illinois were 

collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, assisted by H. C. Beckman, assisted by A. M. Wohl and H. S. Wohl.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 11

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

ST. MART RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT. 

[Including diversion from Swifteurrent Creek.]

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 14 W., 1,040 feet above headworks of St. Mary 

canal and 2 miles south of Babb, on Blackfeet Indian Reservation, in Teton 

County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 278 square miles (including area of Swiftcurrent Creek above

point of diversion into St. Mary Lake). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 9,1902, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank; installed June 15, 1918. Prior 

to that date chain gage on right bank was used; read by Andrew Chevirer from 

October 1 to August 24 and thereafter by William Olson. During the winter 

months of 1917 a temporary low-water gage was read, located at site of present 

automatic gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 560 feet below the gage. In September, 1909, the cable was moved from a point about 300 feet downstream. 

Low-water measurements are made by wading 800 feet below the gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of gravel and cobblestones. Banks 

are high and will not be overflowed. The concrete diversion dam for the St. 

Mary canal, located 1,040 feet below the gage, forms the control. The dam is 

provided with flashboard sluice gates near the canal head gates. Stage-discharge 

relation is permanent when the flashboards in the sluice gates remain at the 

level of the crest of the dam and canal head gates are closed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.15 feet June 14 

(discharge, 5,200 second-feet); minimum stage 1.02 feet December 10, 11, and 

12 (discharge, 66 second-feet).

1902-1918: Maximum stage estimated at 9.4 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge, 7,980 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot April 3-7, 1904 (discharge, 20 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected very little, if any, by ice. 

DIVERSIONS. None. 

REGULATION. Flow is regulated by Sherburne Lake reservoir and natural storage

in St. Mary Lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by placing or removing flashboards 

on dam and operation of gates. Rating curve used October 1, 1917 to May 31, 

1918, and September 8-30 based on measurements made with gates closed and 

flashboards in place and is well defined between 60 and 5,700 second-feet; curve 

used June 1 to July 28 based on measurements made with flashboards removed 

and is well denned between 110 and 5,720 second-feet; indirect method used July 

29 to September 8. Gage read daily to half-tenths October 1 to June 15 and to 

hundredths June 16 to September 30; after June 15 records taken from Stevens 

continuous water-stage recorder. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table. Records good.

The diversion dam below the gaging station was constructed by the United States 

Reclamation Service for the purpose of diverting water from St. Mary River into 

St. Mary canal, which carries the water across the divide into North Fork of Mflk 

River. The water then flows in the natural channel of Milk River through Canada, 

and is finally used for irrigation in the Milk River Valley in Montana. The present 

capacity of the diversion canal is about 425 second-feet. A storage reservoir is being 

provided on Swiftcurrent Creek by constructing a dam at the outlet of Sherburne 

Lake. By means of a diversion channel connecting Swiftcurrent Creek and Lower 

St. Mary Lake, the run-off from Swiftcurrent Creek is made available for diversion 

through St. Mary canal.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 24

May 25

June 15

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

Gage

Feet. 

1.50

1.56

9 fi7

6.13

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

247

290

1,110

5,190

Date.

July 7

Aug. 12

Sept. 6

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.40

2.64

2.11

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

4,140

1 140

784

451

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

328

328

328

328

358

358

358

371

371

371

371

358

358

328

299

299

299

299

299

299

288

272

272

246

222

222

199

199

199

199

199

Nov.

222

246

246

246

257

272

257

246

246

246

246

246

208

208

199

178

178

178

178

165

157

150

138

138

i*j

138

138

127

127

Dec.

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

88

66

66

66

74

88

104

104

104

120

120

127

127

138

138

138

138

138

138

138

150

157

157

Jan.

246

299

568

1,120

1,480

1,680

1,630

1,560

1,390

1,210

958

718

643

583

553

458

437

423

390

358

346

328

ill

288

272

257

237

208

178

150

120

Feb.

120

104

88

138

199

199

199

191

178

178

178

165

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

138

120

104

104

104

Mar.

104

104

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

127

138

138

199

199

199

208

208

237

237

237

246

246

246

246

246

257

257

Apr.

272

272

272

272

272

272

272

288

299

328

358

423

568

718

798

798

758

718

643

643

643

703

758

838

838

838

838

758

758

734

May.

758

798

958

1,120

2,210

2,880

3,240

3.300

3,120

2,770

2,320

1,880

1,680

1,600

1,780

1,990

2,100

2,040

1,940

1,780

1,680

1,530

1,390

1,300

1,210

1,110

1,040

958

958

822

862

June.

1,250

1,490

1,580

1,490

1,440

1,420

1,490

1.880

2,430

3,240

4,000

4,700

4,980

5,200

5,120

4,940

4,530

4,210

3,950

3,800

3,610

3,340

3,000

2,990

2,880

2,680

2,440

2,220

1,920

1,780

July.

1,570

1,450

1,380

1,320

1,240

1,210

1,150

1,120

1,090

1,080

1,090

1,090

1,070

1,060

1,040

1,030

1 020

1,000

986

968

950

920

908

872

866

832

794

772

735

730

735

Aug.

740

740

745

761

778

800

800

788

788

783

783

805

788

794

788

805

810

783

772

761

735

725

720

695

690

665

680

685

650

625

605

Sept.

572

541

524

515

463

448

452

452

458

444

390

390

410

423

423

410

390

358

358

378

378

378

378

378

378

410

378

371

346

346

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 278 square miles.]

Month.

November. .......................

January .... . . .

March .

April..............................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

371 

272 

157 

1,680 

199 

257 

838 

3,300 

5,200 

1,570 

810 

572

5,200

Minimum.

199 

127 

66 

120 

88 

104 

272 

758 

1,250 

730 

605 

346

66

Mean.

298 

199 

118 

626 

151 

174 

565 

1,710 

3,000 

1,040 

745 

418

755

Per

square 

mile.

1.07 

.715 

.424 

2.25 

.543 

.626 

2.03 

6.15 

10.79 

3.74 

2.68 

1.50

2.72

Run-oft.

Depth in 

inches.

1.23

.80 

.49 

2.59 

.57 

.72 

 2.27 

7.09 

12.04 

4.31 

3.09 

1.67

36.87

Acre-feet.

18,300 

11,800 

7,260 

38 500 

8,390 

10,700 

33,600 

105.000 

179,000 

64,000 

45,800 

24,900

547,000
HUDSON" BAY DEAIITAGB BASIN. 13

ST. VARY RIVER ETEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA.

LOCATION. In SW. £ sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, } mile south and 1 

mile west from Kimball, Alberta, and 5 miles north of international boundary.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 472 square miles (measured on topographic majte).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1913, to September 30 1918. From September 4, 

1902, to December 31,1912, records were obtained at a point one-quarter of a mile 

below the boundary line. Records were also obtained by the Irrigation Branch 

(now the Reclamation Service), Department of the Interior, Canada, at a point 

half a mile below the present station, from 1905 to 1912. The discharge at the 

three points is practically the same.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder with a concrete Well and shelter on the right 

bank used during the open-water season. During the winter months a chain 

gage, located on the highway bridge 3 miles below the station is used. A staff 

gage located at cable from which measurements were made was used from October 

1,1917, to November 8,1917.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 1,200 feet above the gage; low-water 

measurements made by wading near the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream at gage and at control composed of boulders 

and sandstone ledges. Control is formed by an outcropping ledge of sandstone 

covered with boulders near left bank.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from waier-stage recorder, 

6.35 feet at 11 a. m. June 14 (discharge, 4,970 second-feet); minimum stage, 

December 13-15 and March 1; flow computed from hydrographic study of winter 

flow as stage-discharge relation was affected by ice.

1902-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 12.75 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge, 18,000 

second-feet, estimated by comparison with record for station near Babb); minimum discharge, 70 second-feet, 2 February 5, 1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice December 1 to March 29.

DIVERSIONS. The St. Mary canal, constructed by the United States Reclamation 

Service, diverts water from St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., to North Fork 

of Milk River. During 1918 approximately 58,030 acre-feet were diverted, 

measurement being made at St. Mary crossing. Seepage from the canal above 

this point returns directly to the river and is measured at the international 

boundary. Seepage from the canal between St. Mary crossing and Hudson Bay 

divide goes into Rolph Creek, which enters St. Mary River below the gaging 

station at international boundary. The Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co. canal 

diverts from St. Mary River about 2 miles below the station.

REGULATION. The flow of Swiftcurrent Creek will be regulated by the Sherburne 

Lake reservoir, under construction by the United States Reclamation Service.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent during year except lor period affected 

by ice December 1 to March 29. Rating curve well defined. Daily gage 

heights obtained from Stevens water-stage recorder records by straight-line 

method for periods October 1 to December 10,1917, and March 28 to September 30, 

1918. Daily gage heights from December 12 to March 28 from observer's reading 

to hundredths on chain gage at highway bridge 3 miles below gage. Daily discharge October 1 to November 30 and March 29 to September 30 ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records for this period are good 

as curve is well defined between 200 and 5,000 second-feet. Daily discharge 

December 1 to March 28 from winter hydrograph, based upon observer's gage 

heights and notes on ice, temperature records, and discharge measurements. 

Records fair.

COOPERATION. Station maintained jointly with the Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior, Canada*

* Only estimates of mean monthly flow are available for the winter periods from 1602 to 1912, inclusive, 

and a lower minimum discharge may have occurred daring that time.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 16

Nov. 6

10

19

Dec. 4

4

28

Feb. 21

Mar. 12

29

22

26

May 10

24

28

Made by 

A. W. P. Lowrie ......

..-..do.................

B. E.Jones and W. A.

Lamb. ...............

S. H. Framea.... ......

.....do.................

. ...'.do.--... ........ ....

.....do.................

C.M.O'Neilo.. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

W. A. Lamb...........

>*.

Feet. 

2.80

2.65

2.59

2.33

63.86

5.46

5.34

4 (U

4.65

4.60

2.65

2.70

3.55

3.67

5.32

4.26

3.88

Dis-

 harge.

Sec.-ft. 

376

301

276

222

HA.

497

1,341

224

143

136

987

306

one

Q9.fi

2,845

1,360

1,110

Date.

15

17

18

July 3

6

11

23

7

10

15

31

21

28

Made by 

C.H.Ellacotto. .......

.....do.................

W. A. Lamb...........

V. A. NewhalloandD.

C.H.Ellacotto........

W. A. Lamb...........

W. A. Lamb...........

C. H. EUacott a. .......

.....do.................

C. H. EDacott «*. .......

.....do.................

&,

Feet. 

4. 45

6.19

5.92

5.83

3.93

3.72

3.55

3.42

3.H

3.18

3.09

3.13

2.90

2.85

2.94

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,600

4,501

4,230

3,760

1,154

859

851

740

C518

581

512

541

413

391

445

408

a Engineer, Department of Interior, Canada.

6 Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; gage height from staff gage at regular station.

c Measurement made below Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co.'s dam, flow of canal included in results.

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12 to Mar. 27. Measurements during this period 

referred to chain gage on highway bridge 3 miles below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

415

415

415

410

410

443

437

448

459

426

400

405

400

395

380

360

340

355

355

375

426

410

390

365

325

290

256

253

262

268

Nov.

284

315

315

340

315

298

294

9on

284

277

274

268

256

239

237

236

226

225

224

221

217

212

208

204

201

197

1Q7

197

197

Dec.

ion

180

165 1415

140

140

135

iin

130

125

120

120

115

115

115

120

125

130

140

150

155

160

170

180

190

200

215

230

250

320

400

Jan.

w\

700

1,000

1 340

1,650

1,870

1 850

l'?00

1,500

1,300

1,050

770

690

630

fiftn

510

490

470

Mn

410

395

370

345

320

295

280

255

225

220

210

OftC

Feb.

200

200

200

200

205

205

210

210

215

215

220

220

220

220

215

210

200

190

170

155

145

140

135

130

130

130

125

120

Mar.

115

120

120

125

125

130

130

130

130

130

130

135

135

140

145

150

160

170

180

190

205

220

230

240

255

270

275

280

285

290

298

Apr.

315

315

315

304

340

390

375

375

420

476

514

585

671

776

846

853

846

818

783

769

790

839

860

882

898

912

935

898

898

832

May.

846

972

1,160

1,500

2,280

2,990

3,300

3,380

3,210

2,970

2,520

2,120

1,890

1,820

1,980

2,160

2,340

2.200

2,080

1,990

1,780

1,710

1,570

1,450

1,370

1,260

1,170

1,100

1,070

972

980

June.

1,370

1,550

1,570

1,510

1,430

1,460

1,570

1,970

2,720

3,540

4,200

4,600

4,930

4,970

4,730

4,420

4,040

3,800

3,560

3,420

3,170

2,950

2,670

2,570

2,450

2,260

2,030

1,850

1,670

1,450

July.

1,340

1,190

1,120

1,070

995

942

882

860

832

825

825

818

811

797

790

790

762

762

755

727

727

713

727

713

664

650

592

503

459

464

464

Aug.

464

464

486

520

567

591

573

549

537

520

525

592

573

537

549

624

561

531

520

486

486

464

464

470

464

470

443

498

437

415

410

Sept.

503

498

470

432

415

395

452

510

567

555

531

508

498

481

470

464

448

443

443

426

437

432

426

437

448

443

426

415

415

415
HUDSON BAY DKAIFAGB BASIN. 15

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

February. ...............................................

March.......................................... .

April.....................................................

May..'...................................... .............

July. ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

459 

340 

400 

1,870 

220 

298 

935 

3,380 

4,970 

1,340 

624 

567

4,970

Mlni-miiTTi253 

197 

115 

205 

120 

115 

304 

846 

1,370 

459 

410 

395

115

Mean.

378 

248 

168 

729 

183 

132 

661 

1,880 

2,810 

793 

509 

460

739

Ban-off in 

acre-feet.

23,200 

14,800 

10,300 

44,800 

10,200 

11,200 

39,300 

116,000 

167,000 

48,800 

31,300 

27,400

544,000

Combined daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kiniball. Alberta, and 

St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.. ............

7..............

8..............

10...............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

415

415

415

410

410

443

437

448

.459

426

400

405

400

395

380

360

340

355

355

375

426

 443

410 <*on

365

325

290

256

253

262

268

Nov.

284

315

315

340

315

298

294

290

284

277

274

268

256

239

237

236

226

225

224

221

217

212

208

204

201

197

197

197

107

197

Dec.

190

180

165

145

140

140

135

130

130

125

120

120

115

115

115

120

125

130

140

150

155'

160

170

180

200

215

230

OKA

320

400

Jan.

500

700

1,000

1,340

1,650

1,870

1,850

1,700

1,500

1,300

1,050

770

690

630

600

510

490

470

440

410

SOS

370

345

320

295

280

255

225

220

210

205

Feb.

200

200

200

200

205

205

210

210

215

215

220

220

220

220

215

210

200

ion

170

155

145

140

135

130

130

130

125

120

Mar.

115

120

120

125

125

130

130

130

130

130

130

135

135

140

145

150

160

170

180

190

205

220

230

240

255

270

275

280

285

290

298

Apr.

315

315

315

304

340

390

375

375

420

476

514

585

671

776

846

853

846

818

783

769

7on

839

860

882

898

912

935

898

80S

832

May.

846

972

1,160

1,500

2,280

2,990

3,300

3,380

3,210

2,970

2,520

2,120

1,890

1,820

1,980

2,160

2,200

2,080

1,990

1,780

1,710

1,570

1,450

1,370

1,260

1,170

1,100

1,070

972

QSft

June.

1,370

1,550

1,570

1,510

1,430

1,460

1,570

1,970

2,720

3,540

4,200

4,600

4,930

4,970

4,730

4,420

4 040

3* 800

3,560

3,420

3, 170

2,950

2,670

2,570

3,450

2,260

2,030

1,850

1,670

1,450

July.

1,340

1,190

1,120

1,070

995

1,330

1,270

1,250

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,210

1,210

1,200

1,190

1,190

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,130

1,130

1,120

1,130

1,120

1,070

1 060

998

903

QA9

786

745

Aug.

736

724

74*1

760

806

833

817

814

776

764

840

845

83fl

851

QAfi

fi07

007

ftftfi

841

fi/Vt

768

725

697

669

661

618

624

KCQ

562

551

Sept.

635

630

603

567

542

516

542

512

567

555

531

508

498

481

470

464

448

443

443

426

437

432

426

437

448

443

426

415

415

415

NOTE, For table of daily discharge of St, Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, see p. 18.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Combined monthly discharge of St. Mary Rioer near Kimball, Alberta, and St. Mary 

canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Mouth.

November ...............................................

March .

May.... .................................................

July......................................................

Dischai

MftYimnm,

459

340

400

1,870

220

298

935

3,380

4,970

1,340

945

635

4,970

rge in second

Mini-muni.

253

197

115

205

120

115

304

846

1,370

745

551

415

115

l-ieet.

Mean.

378

248

168

729

183

182

661

1,880

2,810

1,120

763

489

803

Run-oft in

acre-feet.

23,200

14,800

10,300

44,800

10,200

11,200

39,300

116,000

167,000

68,900

46,900

29, 100 i

581,700

NOTE. For table of monthly discharge at St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, see p. 18. 

ST. HART CANAL AT INTAKE, NEAR BABB, MONT.

LOCATION. In SE. J sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 14 W., 300 feet below headworks of canal 

and 2 miles south of Babb, on Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 1 to September 7, 1918.

GAGE. Staff gage nailed to downstream side of pier of footbridge, 300 feet below 

headworks of canal. Gage read by United States Reclamation Service employees.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel. Repairs to canal may cause 

slight changes in cross section below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.3 feet June 27 

and 28 (discharge, 626 second-feet).

ICE. Canal is not operated during winter months.

REGULATION. Discharge is regulated by the head gates.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent, but current-meter measure1 ments only fair, due to eddies from bridge piers. Rating curve fairly well defined. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Records fair.

COOPERATION. Station maintained in cooperation with Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior, Canada.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary canal at intake, near Babb, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

July 7

Aug. 9

Made by 

W. A. Lamb... ........

.....do..................

Gage height.

Feet. K on

6.25

467

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

565

613

335

Date.

Aug. 12

Made by 

W. A. Lamb.. .........

Gage

feet. 

4.50

3.14

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

319

185
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 17

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary canal at intake, near Babh, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

208

208

208

238

258

264

270

270

288

342

388

421

457

493

540

July.

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

616

620

616

613

Aug.

350

350

350

321

321

288

321

357

366

342

314

314

351

388

388

Sept.

187

187

186

188

187

185

69

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.....,........:

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June.

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

569

588

588

626

626

623

619

July:

615

616

615

615

615

611

611

611

611

615

611

607

607

550

430

380

Aug.

421

512

522

522

522

421

388

301

294

253

230

230

208

197

197

186

Sept

NOTE. Canal gates closed at 9 a. m. Sept. 7. ,

Monthly discharge of St. Mary canal at intake, near Babt, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Month.

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

626 

620 

522

188

626

Minimum.

' 208 

380 

186 

69

69

Mean.

450 

599 

340 

170

442

Run-off in 

acre-feet.

26,800 

36,800 

20,900 

2,360

86,860

ST. MARY CANAL AT ST. MARY CROSSING, NEAR BABB, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 37 N., R. 13 W., at entrance to flume, 600 feet below outlet of siphon by which canal crosses St. Mary River, 9 miles below headworks, 

and 6 miles northeast of Babb, on Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

RECORDS AVAH<ABLE. July 6 to September 8,1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder, located on concrete entrance to flume just 

below outlet to siphon crossing St. Mary River. A staff gage on outside of gage 

house is also read.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 200 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is the steel flume several hundred feet long heading

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.40 feet July 26 

(discharge, 408 second-feet).

ICE. Canal not operated during winter months.

REGULATION. Mow is regulated by head gates about 9 miles above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

180 and 400 second-leet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying roiean daily 

gage height to rating table. Records good.

CooPERATtoN. Station maintained in cooperation with Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior, Canada.

1688° 21 WSP 475 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

July 11

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

 »,

Feet. 

6.34

4.90

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

400

242

Date.

A it IT Q

Sept. 5

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

3.66

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

253

126

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., 

for me year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7... ......

8.........

9.........

10.........

July.

391

392

394

390

398

Aug.

262

260

259

240

oaa

242

244

265

9KA

256

Sept.

132

132

133

135

127

121

on

2

Day.

11......... 10

13.........

14.........

16.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

1Q

OA

July.

398

395

400

398

403

403

iflS

4H3

403

JAQ

Aug.

239

248

272

293

302

321

336

366

366

365

Sept. Bay.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

July.

403

4H4

403

406

406

408

406

400

384

322

281

Aug.

318

304

261

227

205

191

175

126

132

147

141

Sept.

NOTE. Discharge for Sept. 7 and 8 computed by hourly method. Canal gates closed Sept. 8.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Month.

July 6-31.. ..............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

408 

366 

135

408

Minimum.

281 

126 

2

2

Mean.

392 

253 

109

291

Run-off in 

acre-feet.

20.200 

15,600 

1,730

37,530

ST. MART CANAL AT HUDSON BAT DIVIDE, NEAR BROWNING, MONT.

LOCATION. At Douglas bridge on Hudson Bay divide, 3 miles above outlet of canal 

and 30 miles directly north of Browning, in Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 3, 1917, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. A vertical staff, graduated to tenths, nailed to upstream side of left pier of 

bridge; read once a day by United States Reclamation Service ditch rider.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel uniform, but slope varies with the stage. Control is a V-shaped concrete drop located 1 mile below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 5.4 feet July 

25-29 (discharge, 405 second-feet).

1917-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.4 feet July 25-29, 1918 (discharge, 405 

second-feet).

REGULATION. The flow is regulated at the head gates 26 miles above. A small 

reservoir at Spider Lake eliminates sudden changes at the head gates.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well defined between 120 and 400 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage height to rating table. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Station maintained in cooperation with Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior, Canada.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN. 19

Discharge measurements of St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Date.

June 18o

18&

29&

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 4 96

4.95

5.16

Discharge.

8ec.-]t. 

317

327

363

Date.

Sept. 7«

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

*

Feet. 

5.30

4.25

3.02

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

403

264

138

a Made at Douglas Bridge. & Made at bridge below first drop.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary canal at Hudson Say divide, near Browning, 

Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

£.. .............

7.. ............ .

8.. .... .........

9...............

10...............

11.. .............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.. .............

June.

iu

114

146

183

183

188

193

213

218

265

296

302

302

July.

373

383

383

383

383

304

394

394

394

304

394

405

383

394

3Q4

Aug.

OiO

254

248

248

233

238

238

238

248 lit

238

238

243

248

265

Sept.

138

138

138

122

122

122

122

122

72

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

31

June.

315

329

337

329

329

329

329

329

329

337

337

337

35*

363

368

July.

394

394

394

394

394

394

394

394

394

405

405

405

405

405

363

302

Aug.

289

302

315

345

363

308

289

265

214

203

183

173

173

114

138

138

Sept.

NOTE. Canal gates closed Sept. 9. Discharge for Sept. 9 computed by hourly method.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

June 3-30...... ......................'.....................

July......................................................

September 1-9. ...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

368 

405 

363 

138

405

Minimum.

114 

302 

114 

72

72

Mean.

277 

390 

241 

122

287

Run-off in 

acre-feet.

15,400 

24,000 

14,800 

2,180

56,400

SWIFTCTTRREK-T CREEK AT MANY GLACIER, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at outlet of McDermott Lake at Many 

Glacier, in Glacier National Park, 14 miles southwest of Babb, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 31.4 square miles (measured on topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 6, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed June 15, 1918, in shelter built by park 

officials and Great Northern Railway, and referred to two staff gages, one inside 

well and one outside. Prior to May 23, 1916, a staff gage on left bank opposite 

present gage was read. May 23, 1916, to June 15, 1918, a vertical staff at same 

location as present gage. Gage read by E. Peterson and others twice daily to 

hundred ths.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading at outlet of lake or below falls. Highwater measurements made from highway bridge above power house; measuring 

section at bridge is very poor.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a limestone outcrop at outlet of the lake; just' 

below is a fall and a cataract.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.25 feet June 10 

(discharge, 1,250 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.48 feet February 25-28 and 

January 1 and 2 (discharge, 41 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge, 1,550 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 10.8 second-feet March 19, 1912, measured by 

current meter, prior to installation of gage.

ICE. Stage-discharge affected very little, if any, by ice. Open channel conditions 

assumed throughout year.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently changed during high water of June, 

but remained constant during remainder of year. Two rating tables used; one 

applicable October 1 to June 10, the other June 11 to September 30. The former 

is well defined between 44 and 825 second-feet; the latter between 60 and 300 

second-feet. Gage heights October 1 to June 14 are mean of two readings daily 

to nearest hundredth; June 15 to September 30 determined by graphic method 

from Stevens water-stage recorder. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good.

The following discharge measurements were made by W. A. Lamb:

July 8, 1918: Gage height, 2.32 feet; discharge, 209 second-feet (subject to some

error caused by wave action due to strong wind); September 6, 1918: Gage height,

1.81 feet; discharge, 67 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24... ....t......

25..............

26..............

27..............

28... ...........

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

94

94

94

103

128

133

128

iia

114

94

88

86

86

78

76

74

73

70

67

65

62

60

62

59

59

59

56

63

62

56

56

Nov.

56

54

55

56

56

58

59

60

62

59

59

59

58

55

52

54

53

64

54

54

54

54

54

54

55

55

55

54

54

54

Dec.

54

54

54

55

54

53

53

53

53

52

53

53

52

53

53

53

53

68

125

125

92 ' 7Q

63

KG

55

55

55

84

136

147

138

Jan.

147

455

525

500

460

405

QKO

306

278

256

224

88

71

65

65

64

65

65

65

63

60

54

53

53

53

53

51

51

51

AQ

Feb.

48

48

48

46

44

44

46

46

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

14

42

42

42

42

Mar.

42

4.9

44

46

46

48

46

46

46

46

46

46

46

46

50

53

53

58

55

53

53

53

53

43

54

58

55

56

65

63

50

Apr.

53

54

56

59

59

62

64

65

82

144

165

172

189

185

166

155

133

144

162

155

201

224

238

269

287

256

212

204

224

324

May.

440

570

715

740

886

924

935

372

287

34S

324

310

324

560

666

704

682

732

710

655

555

152

138

130

123

123

121

123

141

287

357

June.

367

372

367

372

420

590

565

742

1,020

1,250

1,160

1,070

980

860

860

563

563

618

640

618

520

473

484

AA&

458

389

324

276

234

199

July.

211

949

242

203

188

182

188

207

238

280

293

263

226

222

226

226

226

238

246

234

207

182

178

164

137

122

126

134

143

161

178

Aug.

192

999

215

188

174

164

155

161

158

14Q

168

242

246

222

199

192

1?8

168

149

134

129

129

126

129

146

146

143

122

105

101

99

Sept.

89

76

73

71

80

87

91

91

89

97

95

95

85

80

75

76

82

85

85

89

89

89

91

84

78

76

75

73
HtTBSON BAY DRAINAGE BASOT. 21

Monthly discharge of Swifteurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles.]

Mouth.

November .........................

April..............................

May..., ...........................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

133 

62 

147 

525 

1 48 

65 

324 

935 

1,250 

293 

246 

119

1,250

MfoiTniiTn.

56' 

52 

52 

48 

42 

42 

53 

121 

199 

122 

99 

71

42

Mean.

81.2

55.7 

70.4 

177 

44.3 

50.6 

159 

456 

593 

204 

163 

85.9

179

Per 

square 

mile.

2.59 

1.77 

2.24 

5.63 

1.41 

1.61 

6.09 

14.5 

18.9 

6.50 

5.19 

2.74

5.70

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches.

2.90 

1.98 

2.58 

6.49 

1.47 

1.86 

5.68 

16.7 

21.1 

7.49 

5.98 

3.06

77.38

Acre-feet.

4,990 

3,310 

4,330 

10,900 

2,460 

3,110 

9,460 

28,000 

35,200 

12,500 

10,000 

5,110

129,000

SWIFTCUERENT CREEK AT SHER&TTBHE, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W., near outlet c

Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 64 square miles (measured on topographi 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to September 30, 19 

GAGE. Staff gage on left bank about 300 feet below the

dam, read by employees of th0 United States Recla: nation

1, 1912, to November 9, 1914, a vertical staff gage

near outlet of lake, and at a different datum from 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. An outcropping limestone

irregular, forms control; subject to slight shifts. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHABGE. Maximum stage recorded diring

June 14-15 (discharge., 1,140 second-feet); minimum

11 to March 13;

' Lower Sherburne Lake, in

; flow only the leakage through gates ai .d small inflow between

phicmap). 

.8.

spillway of Sherburne Lake 

Service. From July 

maintained OIL left bank 

piesentgage. 

cable 50 feet below gage, 

ledge, somewhat broken and

year, 6.20 feet May 5, 

stage, gates closed January 

dam

June 17,1916 (discharge, 2,280 

11 to March 13, 1918; flow

dam and gage, 

most of winter-season.

between

by placing and removing 

lake for construction purSee footnote to table of

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.85 feet

second-feet); minimum stage, gates closed January

only the leakage through gates and small inflow 

ICE. Not seriously affected by ice; gates closed during 

DIVERSION s. None. 

REGULATION. The natural flow of the stream was affected

flashboards on temporary dam built at outlet of tb

poses in connection with Sherburne Lake storage

daily discharge. Plow partly regulated by gate operation 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent during y

in control due to landslide. After May 5 control prad ically permanent,

ing curves used during year; one from October

May 5 to September 30; the former is well defined b

feet, and the latter between 60 and 1,200 second-:

mean of two readings daily to nearest hundredth.

by applying daily gage heights to rating table, exi

April 27, when they were obtained by indirect

Records good.

dam

ear; affected by changes 

Two rat1 to Jmuary 10 and the other from 

tween 40 and 1,000 secondfeet. Daily gage heights are 

Daily discharge ascertained 

ept for period March 14 to 

n.ethod for shifting control.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

measurements of Swi/tcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., during tile year 

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Ttfar. 16

May 25

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 2%n

3.36

6.02

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

148

245

1,070

Date.

July 8

Aug. 12

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.50

3.00

2.48

Discharge.

Sec.-}t.

278

180

110

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont. , for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.....................

2.....................

3.....................

4. ....................

5.....................

6.....................

7.....................

8.....................

9.....................

10.....................

11.....................

12..................... is......;..............

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

18.....................

19.....................

20.....................

21.....................

22.....................

23.....................

24.....................

25.....................

26. ....................

27.....................

28.....................

29.....................

30.....................

31.....................

Oct.

108

117

114

123

170

187

170

134

105

108

104

105

99

65

49

54

71

60

QO

55<v\

57

CM

58

57

57

58

55

130

1Q4

Nov.

202

180

142

176

180

148

118

O9

09

76

70

57

u

49

38

46

43

44

OQ

Af\

43

48

51

55

62

53

Dec.

w

56

56

56

57

56

56

55

54

55

55

56

56

5619

10

42

no

93

95

98

1

1

Jan.

5

4

695

Q7fl

873

800

695

630

94

92

Mar.

198

167

149

151

151

148

148

148

146

153

159

159

158

159

159

159

151

151

Apr.

151

148

148

148

146

145

145

145

153

213

282

415

560

282

339

412

293

231

210

202

216

282

1A4

274

276

265

240

May.

1,100

1,140

1,110

1,050

1,000

801

448

296

214

234

324

673

649

554

422

367

360

302

276

267

256

193

151

148

148

145

145

355

June.

663

636

458

348

348

350

496

816

906

1,000

1,080

1,110

1,130

1,140

1,140

1,120

1,050

997

967

887

794

524

502

710

609

513

464

353

314

317

July.

296

278

278

280

278

278

276

269

252

238

243

243

245

245

245

247

247

247

249

260

282

287

287

282

265

220

176

157

144

143

137

Aug.

137

138

164

180

194

201

200

198

188

180

180

180

1S3

183

194

247

291

278

230

185

164

143

143

143

124

108

108

108

109

109

109

Sept.

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

no

no

110

110

110

no

110

no

100

109

109

109

108

108

108

108

99

90

76

60

NOTE. Entire flow of river held back at Sherburne Lake from Dec. 22-28, Jan. 11 to Mar. 13, and 

Apr. 28 to May 3.

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

October. .................................................

May......................................................

July......................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

194 

246 

98 

1,140 

1,140 

296 

291 

110

Minimum.

49 

38 

1 

145 

 314 

137 

108 

60

Mean.

96.1 

96.1 

40.2 

425 

725 

2,44 

171 

106

Ban-off in 

acre-feet.

5,910 

5,720 

2; 470 

26,100 

43,100 

15,000 

10,600 

6,310

NOTE. Stream partly controlled beginning with 1915, therefore valves for discharge in sec6hd-feet per 

square mile and for run-off, depth in inches, are not computed. June 1-30,1915, a total of 1,860 acre-feet 

of water was stored in Sherburne Lake by a temporary construction dam; 134 acre-feet was stored Aug. 

25 to Sept. 18,1915; the latter amount was released Sept. 18-20,1915.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BA&IN. 23

CANTON CREEK NEAR MART GLACIER, MONT.

LOCATION. At the edge of heavy timber area, half a mile above mouth, and 2 miles 

southeast of Many Glacier, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 7.0 square miles (measured on topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 12 to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream covered with heavy boulders and cobblestones. Control is riffle about 20 feet below gage; may shift at high stage. Both 

banks high and can not be overflowed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded, 74 second-feet by currentmeter measurement, June 16; minimum stage, 0.83 foot September 29 and 30 

(discharge, 10 second-feet).

ICE. Station not operated during winter on account of severe ice effect on stagedischarge relation.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATIONS. Some natural storage in small lake at head of creek; no artificial 

regulations.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except for severe ice 

effect. Rating curve well defined between 15 and 40 second-feet. Daily gage 

heights obtained from Stevens water-stage recorder graph by the straight-line 

method, except for period August 4-11 when clock stopped. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except for period 

noted above, for which discharge was interpolated. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

27

July 12

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. («)

1.35

1.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

74

36

31.0

Date.

Aug. 11

Sept. 6

Made by &.

Feet. 

1.12

oo

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

23.0

15.0

« Measurement referred to nail in crack in rock. 

& Engineer, Department of the Interior, Canada.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

July. Aug.

26

24

21

21

22

22

23

23

23

24

Sept.

17

16

14

15

16

17

17

18

20

19

Day.

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

July.

41

29

29

29

30

30

30

29

26

Aug.

24

32

30

27

26

24

23

21

18

17

Sept.

18

17

17

16

15

13

12i<t

13

13

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29... .....

30.........

31.........

July.

24

24

22

20

20

20

20

20

22

23

24

Aug.

16

15

17

18

18

18

17

14

13

13

14

Sept.

14

14

14

13

12

11

11

10

10

10
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Month.

July 12-51........ ........................................

September ...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

31 

32 

20

Minimum.

20 

13 

10

Mean.

25.1 

20.8 

14.5

Run-off in 

acre-feet.

996 

1,280 

863

RED RIVER AT FARGO, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At dam half a mile above highway bridge connecting Front Street, Fargo, 

N. Dak., with Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above mouth of Sheyenne River.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 6,020 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27,1901, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank about six rods above the dam; 

vertical staff for use at low stages attached to upper end of fishway at left end of 

dam; read by F. L. Anders. Prior to September 1, 1914, gage readings were 

obtained from a vertical staff attached to the breakwater for the center pier of Front 

Street bridge; this gage is .still maintained and used by the Weather Bureau, but 

can not be read accurately without a field glass and has less permanent control 

than gage now used. At the same stage, readings on Front Street gage are 

numerically about 10.4 feet greater than readings on gage now used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists of clay and silt, nearly permanent. Control 

is timber crib dam, rock filled, below gage; has settled slightly during 1918.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.1 feet March 30 

and 31 and May 25 (discharge, 750 seoond-feet); minimum stage, 1.0 foot February 11 (discharge not computed).

1901-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 19.9 feet April 6, 1916 (stage-discharge 

relation affected by ice); open channel maximum stage I/.34 feet at 3.30 p. m. 

July 11, 1916 (discharge, 7,740 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot 

February 11,1918 (discharge not computed).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 18 to March 31.

DIVERSIONS . None.

REGULATION. No power plants or storage above station within 60 miles; 'storage not 

great enough to noticeably affect the discharge at station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by settling of dam, and by ice December 

18 to March 31. The rating curves used for 1918, one applicable October 1 to 

December 17 and the other April 1 to September 30; the former is well defined between 150 and 4,000 second-feet, and the latter between 59 and 4,400 second-feet. 

Gage heights are read to hundredths once daily except during winter when one 

reading a week is made. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating tables for days when gage was read; discharges interpolated for intervening days. Open-water records good.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

Date.

Nov. 3

Apr. 4

20 

May 10

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.........

Alf. Hulteng. ..........

.....do................. 

E. F. Chandler.........

A

Feet. 

1.52

2.33

2.03 

2.17

Discharge.

8ec.-}t. 

108

451

357

378

Date.

July 2

Aug. 27

Sept. 25 

25

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.03

1.58

1.25 

1.26

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

321

134

61

75
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASlJiT. : 25

Daily discharge, in seeond-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N; DaK.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1........ ...................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7.............:.............

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11.. .........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

156

142

142

129

116

92

124

156

142

116

70

92

92

86

81

70

81

70

92

92

98

1(14

104

116

92

116

116

116

116

110

104

Nov.

98

92

92

131

170

170

142

92

116

142

136

129

185

170

142

129

116

122

129

142

142

185

142

142

142

. 142

129

70

97

124

Dec.

104

129

156

129

104

88

104

116

116

116

104

97

97

90

83

76

70

Apr.

700

550

490

433

378

378

378

378

378

378

378

342

306

342

342

351

360

396

378

360

360

342

342

324

306

OQQ

306

315

324

378

May.

414

452

452

452

452

452

452

414

414

378

342

342

342

414

356

299

272

272

289

306

433

610

655

7Aft,

750

660

570

490

! 452

452

452

June.

452

491

1 530

I 452

530

490

490

570

570

570

570

550

580

490

471

462

452

414

414

414

396

378

342

324

306

979

324

,306

318

1 330

 - )' ,»

July.

342

324

306

306

299

292

248

386

272

245

265

275

277

279

245

258

221 224*

318

220

221

162

191

198

'231 153

 £38

245

241

. 207

Aug.

218

204

204

208

211

204

.198

204 '204

238

221,

204

172

143

162

166

143

160

178

na

166

265

231

172

172

, 172

166

189

166 134'

140

Sept.

140

140

140

143

140

140

143

130

116

140

134

116

Ofi

110

124

137

126

116

110

83

105

QA

134

110

78

86 ' '87

87

87

88

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for lack of gage readings on following days: Oct. 7,14,21,28,30,31; No v 

1, 4,11,18, 24, 25, 29; Apr. 7,16. 28; May 5. 6,12,15,19,23,26,30; June 3,9,16,21,29,31; July 4,14,21,28; 

Aug. 4,11.18,25; Sept. 1, 8,15,27-29. Gage read Dec. 29, Jan. 13 and 24; Feb. 11,22,28? Mas. 1,11; 15 

to 31; discharge not computed on account of ice.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., fortkeyear ending ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

October..................................................

April ..................................................

May................. ...................... ..............

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

156 

185 

156 

700 

750 

570 

342 

265 

143

MfoinmTn70 

70 

70 

t 299 

272 

272 

153 

134 

78

Mean.

108 132. 

105 376; 

445 

440 

251 

186 

116

Run-off to 

awe-feet.

6,640

. 7 860 

3,540 

22,400 

., .., 27,400 

26,200 

15,400 

11,400 

6,900
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

BED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak., 

and East Grand Forks, Minn., half a mile below mouth of Red Lake River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 25,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26, 1901, to September 30, 1918; gage-height records 

have been kept by the United States Engineer Corps since 1882 and a few discharge measurements were made by them in early years.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge and vertical staff 

gages attached to ice breaker below center pier of same bridge; read by H. L. 

Hayes. The staff gages as used by the United States Engineer'Corps and the 

United States Weather Bureau are on the bridge breakwater at the same place 

as the staff gage used by the United States Geological Survey and at a datum 5 

feet higher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Great Northern Railway bridge one-quarter 

of a mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Clay and silt; shifts very slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.3 feet March 28 

(discharge 4, 480 second-f eet); minimum stage, open channel, 3.5 feet September 22-25 and 26-30 (discharge ,440 second-f eet); minimum discharge February 

21, 186 second-feet (stage discharge relation affected by ice).

1882-1918: Maximum stage recorded; 50.2 feet April 10, 1897 (discharge, 

43,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.6 feet February 10, 1912 (discharge, 100 

second-feeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. The ice cover is usually complete 

and smooth from late in November until about the beginning of April and the 

flow steady with few fluctuations; in determining flow during spring break-up, 

however, corrections amounting to several feet must be applied to gage heights 

before applying them to open-water rating table, owing to backwater from ice 

jams.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. No power plants above with sufficient storage to cause noticeable 

variations in the flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice and by shifting control. Two 

rating curves used during the year; October 1 to March 26 (open-water season 

only) well defined between 600 and 16,000 second-feet, and fairly well defined 

to 26,000 second-feet; March 27 to September 30 well defined between 655 and 

16,300 second-feet and fairly well above 16,300. Gage read to quarter-tenths 

twice daily during open season and three times weekly to tenths during frozen 

period. Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating tables, 

except during ice period when discharge was ascertained by the use of Stout 

method, temperature records, discharge measurements, and observer's notes 

Open-water records good; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N, Dak., during (he year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 16

Dec. 15

Feb. 23

Mar. 30

Made by 

.....do..................

H. A. Noble.. ..........

Chandler and Noble. . . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.81

4.75

4.01

10.48

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

501

469

ISO

4,167

Date.

May 4

June 21

July 22

Made by 

H. A. Noble............

Chandler and Hulteng.

&.

Feet. 

6.71

6.58

4.25

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

1.796

1,690

702
HUDSON BAY DKAISTAG^ BASIN.

Daily discharge, in seeond-feet, of Red River at GranS forks, N. Dak., or the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

0'.. ............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21'.... ..........

22 ..4-. . .

23......:.......

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..:...........

29..............

30..............

SI..............

Oct.

560

560

560

560

591

622

638

654

622

591

560

560

591

622

591

560

501

530

560

560

591

560

530

501

560

622

687

720

687

622

560

Nov.

622

687

720

687

687

687

687

754

824

860

897

897

934

934

972

972

934

897

860

824

789

789

789

824

824

789

754

720

654

654

Dec. ,

654

654

591

560

530

530

530

530

530

530

516

501

492

482

473

420

446

421

396

371

360

348

360

371

356

341

326

316

305

305.

305

Jan.

310

315

320

326

312

298

285

280

275.

270

266

560

254

248

248

248

 248

262

276

290

305

286

267

248

240

232

224

215

211

208

Feb.

200

195

190

186

195

205

215

211

207

204

200

200

200

200

197

194

192

189

toa

186

186

186

186 195"

205

125

232

248

Mar.

272

297

321

346

371

396

420

436

452

468

484

501

516

530

695

860

860

860

934

1,170

1,260

1,720

2,500

3,120

3,720 4 son

4,480

4,000

4,060

3,760

Ap,

3S20

3' 340

3,040

3,160

2,860

2^260

1,910

1,740

1,690

1,640

1,640

I^i90

I,ii40

1,MO i,<;90

1>490

1 'i90

1,490

1,390

1,340

1,300

1,269

1,200

1,160

1^200

1,300

'

1

May.

1,490

1,540

1,590

1,640

1,690

1,740

1,800

1,910

1,910

1,850

1,800

1,690

1,640

1,590

1,540

1,490

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,490

1,490

1,640

1,590

1 flflfi

2,140

2,380

2,620

2,680

2 74ft

2800

2,860

June..

2,800

2,740

2,680

2,620

2,560

2,500

f,440

2,380

2,320

2,260

2,260

2,200

2,140

2,080

2,020

1.970

1 910

1,800

1,760

1,720

1,690

1,590

1,490

1,440

1,340

1,300

1,300

1,250

1,200

1,200

July.

1,160

1.160

I'lEO

1,070,,

1,030

990

958

950

950

960

910

871

871

871

833

796

760

760

724

724

724

689

689

 665

655

689

724

724

724

724

689

Aug.

689

689

689

689

689

655

655

.622

622

665

655

689

689

724

724

689

655

622,

665

689

724;

760

724

724

689

724

1 760

796

871

1,120

1,070

Sept.

950

871

833

760

724

,689

«55

666

622

622

590

590

558

527

627

497

497

468

468

468

468

440

440

440

440

468

... 440

440

440

440

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Jack of gage readings Oct. 7; Dec. 11,13,14,18,19,21,23,25,26,28,30; 

Jan. 1-3,5-6, 8-10,12-13,15-16,18-20, 22-23, 26-27, 29-31; Feb. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8-10,12-13,16-18, 20, 22,24, 26,27 

Mar. 1-4,6,8-11,13,15; June 19,20,22.

Correction for Stout method used Dec. 3 to Mar. 26 determined from observer's notes, temperature records, 

sod discharge measurements. After applying the Stout correction to gage heights, the discharge 1/ras 

ascertained by applying corrected gage heights to rating table.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Ddk> ,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 25,000 square miles. ]

Month,

October..................................................

December. . .... 1 .........................................

February ................................................

March....................................................

ApriL................................. ...................

May......................................................

July......................................................

September ................................................

Discharge to second-feet.

Maximum.

1 720 

972 

654 

326 

248 

4,480 

3,520 

2,860 

2,800 

L160 

11,120 

950

4; 480

Minimum.

501 

622 

305 

204 

186 

272 

1,160 

1,440 

1,200 

655 

622 

440

186

Mean.

' 588' 

W< 

447 

266 

200 

1,490 

1,811 

1,850 

1,970 

843 

723 

568

965

i

Run-off in 

acre-feet.

36,200 

47^400

16J400 

11.100 

91 600 

108,000 

114 000 

117,000 

51,800 

44,500 

33,800

699,000
28 SUEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

DEVILS LAKE SHEAR DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At biologic station of University of North Dakota, near Devils Lake, in 

Ramsey County, 6 miles southwest of city of Devils Lake.

DRAINAGE ABBA. The theoretical drainage area of the lake is about 3,700 square 

miles. In years of ordinary rainfall water reaches the lake from only a small 

part of this area, most of which drains into local depressions and small lakelets, 

where the water remains until it is lost by evaporation. In 1880 the length of 

Devils Lake was 35 miles and its area about 120 square miles, but its present 

area is probably not more than 50 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1901, to September 30,1916 (fragmentary).

GAGE. Staff gage on pier at the biologic station. Zero of gage, 1416.2 feet above 

sea level. Previous to 1916 staff gages were placed at convenient points on piers, 

but it has been necessary to renew them occasionally, sometimes every year, 

owing to damage caused by ice during the spring break-up. These gages have been 

reset as near to the correct datum as possible, often by the use of a carpenter's 

level. Occasionally errors of 0.1 foot in the records have been discovered when 

accurate checks were made, but no larger errors are likely to occur. The gage is 

read occasionally by employees of the biologic station. ' '

REGULATION. The lake has no outlet. The stage of the lake shows the relation 

between evaporation from the lake surface and the inflow from the surrounding 

country and gives an indicatibn whether the run-off has been affected by the 

settlement of the drainage area and cultivation of the land surface.

COOPEEATION. Records furnished by North Dakota Biological Survey.

» Gage height (/Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Nov.10.. ..'.............

ApriL- .................

May 7.....

geight.

Feet. 

5.55

5.52

5.70

Date.

May 18.. ................

July 30.. ................

,».

Feet. 

. 5.46

5.70

5.33

Date.

Oct. 1. ...... ... . ,... .

Gage 

height.

feet. 

4.75

. ,4.70

<* About Nov. 22.

BED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, HOTO.

LOCATION. In Sec. 33, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., one-third mile below dam at Thief River

Falls, Pennington County, and 1 mile below mouth of Thief River, which comes

in from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 2,1909, to Sept. 30,1918. 

GAGE. Inclined staff gage located on left bank; read by Dodriek Knutson. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and small boulders; practically permanent. >. . < 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded 5.9 feet March'26

(discharge, 995 second-feet); minimum open-water stage about 3.0 feet August 31

(discharge, about 19 second-feet). 

1909-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded 15.0 feet, April 16, 1916

(discharge, 8,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, no flow, July 17

and August 27,1911.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. A short distance above istation is a dam owned by Hansen & Barzen

Miffing Co. and the city lighting plant. The variation in load on the turbines

due to the operation of the lighting plant (at night) and of the mill (chiefly during

the day) caused fluctuations in stage at the gage.
HUDSON" BAY DRAINAGE BASIH. 20;

ACCURACY. Stage<Uschiarge relation fairly permanent. -Rating carve well defined 

between 19 and 5,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except for 

periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice and when gage was 

not read, for which it was obtained by comparison with flow of Red Lake River 

at Crookston and to some extent by weather records. Open-water records good 

except for extremely low stages, when they are fair; winter records and records 

for period when gage was not read only roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

'< [Made by E, P. Chandler.}

i 

Date.

Apr. is:.....................................,..........................,............

Joly 11........................................... ...................................

Gage 

height.

Feet., 

4.59

4.46

Dtscharge.

Sec.-ft> 

413

339

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for*tite

year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4....W........

5..............

6..............

7... 11. ........

S..... .........

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14... ............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10 '

20.... ]j:.. ......

21....'..........

22....,....,.,...

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..........;...

27.............. 28.......:......

29...............

30..............

31... .<.. .......

Oct.

215

Nov.

240

Dec.

120

, ,

Jan.

80.

'

Feb.

40

Mar.

70

300

650

650

650

095

840

995

605

605

616

A9J2

605

Apr.

472

266

227 <uvt

 MA

306

V7K

375

340

qC7

340

357

375

340

340

375

357

lift

306

V7A.

340

393

07 K

375

375

424

179

E*tG

May.

452

1SS

431

OQQ

431

515

560

494

538

472

472

431

J.19

375

340

875 *>7e

393 

340 <u/t

417

494

605

605

538

582

CfiA

«9fi

560

538 t&fl

June.

SCO

605

672

650

628

650

605

KfiO

582

605

582

eon

560

538

AQA

538

494

494 

515

494

375

OTK

*J7i

306

O4M

306

O7A

306

<UQ

ono

July.

19

156

242

340

306

274

5(7<t

306

306

274

274

290

274

306 *xm

5(7J.

9J.O

242

919

212

IQO

919

156

212

TOO

nin

274

242

O|O

YQQ

Aug.

156

m

mife

"J12

156

212

227

227

227

W>7

143 110

197

169

131

,119

143 

156

227

tyeyj

274

227 ' 227

ejfjfj

ivyr,

227

OJO

fUO

306

19

Sept.

IKS

54

ifiO

: 306

OOfl

' .1583

31

306 «xm

274

si

10

19

131

,27

54

88

19 10

10

10

ss

41

31

41

31

70

Sfi

mi

NOT?. Daily discharges from Oct. 7 to Mar. 20 computed by comparison with other streams, and the 

mean for the month obtained by averaging those values.
30

Monthly dii

SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

, in setiond-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Potts, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30,1918. ''

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.]

Month.

October..............................................................

December............................................................

January ............................... . . ...........................

February ........... ^ ......;................;.......... j ..............

March..................... ... ....... ... ................

April. ................................................................

May..................................................................

June..................................................................

July..................................................................

August ................... .. ... ..................

September...........................................................

The year .......................................................

Maximum.

995

538

605

672

340

306

306

995

Minmum.

227

340

202

19

19

19

Mean.

215

240

120

80

40

363

356

m

483

238

193

104

243

NOTE. Mean discharge values for the months of October, November. December, January, February, 

and March obtained from comparison of Bed Lake River flow with the flow of adjacent streams.

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 31, T. 150 N., R. 46 W., at new Sampson's Addition highway 

bridge in Crookston, Polk County, a quarter of a mile below dam and power house 

of Crookston Waterworks Power & Light Co.'s plant. No tributaries enter for 

several miles.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19,1901, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Barret & Lawrence water-stage recorder, on right abutment of bridge; installed in September, 1911, replacing chain gage attached to bridge July 1, 1909. 

Both gages at same datum. Prior to July 1, 1909, gage was on old Sampson's 

Addition bridge, about 300 feet farther upstream; this gage read the same as the 

present one at ordinary stages. Gage attended to by S. V. Holder.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge at gage section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. One channel at all stages. Bed composed of silt, gravel and 

small boulders; slightly shifting. Control not well denned.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily stage during year from water-stage 

recorder, 6.2 feet April 2 (discharge, 1,760 second-feet); minimum mean daily 

stage from water-stage recorder 2.3 feet Sept. 20 (discharge, 50 second-feet).

1901-1918: Maximum mean daily stage recorded during period 21.5 feet April 

17,1916 (discharge, 14,400 second-feet). A minimum discharge of 10 second-feet 

was recorded by discharge measurement made January 27, 1912. The flow is controlled to such an extent that the minimum recorded discharge has no bearing on 

the minimum natural flow.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at the gage is caused by operation of 

power plant immediately above station. The plant has little storage, so that the 

mean monthly flow should represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent and changes are small. Two 

rating curves used during the year; October 1 to March 28 well defined 100 to 

10,000 gecond-feet; March 23 to September 30 well defined 218 to 10,000 second - 

feet, only fairly well defined below 218 second-feet. Operation of ^water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge ascertained by. 

applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by planimeter from the 

gage-height graph, except during period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to the rating table mean daily
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 31

gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer 's notes, and weather records. During open-water periods of the year when 

gage was not in operation discharge was estimated and interpolated on the basis 

of flow at Thief Eiver Falls and Grand Forks, N. Dak. Open-water records excellent when gage was in operation, fair for the remainder of period; wmter records 

subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 18

Nov] 17

Feb. 18«

Made by 

H. A. Noble...........

.....io.. ...............

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.20

3.20

3.43

3.56

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

310

381

98

62

Date.

Apr. 13

July 12

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.19

3.60

3.33

Discharge.

8ec.-}t. 

673

440

4Q4

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ............ 9...:..........

10..............

11... I. .........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.. ... ......... 17...;..........

18.. . r .. ........

19..............

20... i.... ...... 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29...... ........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

242

242

245

245

249

249

249

252

252

255

255

250

250

250

250

250 

260

310

310

306

OAO

303

300

296

OQQ

OSQ

OQQ

282

278

275

Nov.

275

272

286

275

255

255

249

265

249

245

245

252

252

252

328

342 

335

324

306

310

OI»T

314

321

303

QOQ

0/V>

303

9Q9

290

9on

Dec.

280

280

280

280

280

250

250

250

250

250

200

200

200

200

200

170 

170

170

170

170 

150

150

150

150

150

140

140

140

140 iin

140

Jan.

150

150

150

150

150

14fl

14rt

140

140

14rt

130

130

130

130

130

120 

120

120

120

120 

120

120

inn

120

iqn

110

110

110

110

110

110

Feb.

100

100

100

100

100

on

90

90

90

on

on

on

90

on

on

80

ftn

on

on

80 

on

on

on

on

on

100

100

110

Mar.

150

200

250

310

275

210

275

346

210

242

«IQQ

310

210

OJO

310

310 

500

620

1,100

910

I QftA

I Kfin

I

onfl

I

qcyi

1,140

1

nr\f\

940

1 040

1*140

1 140 I'^jan

Apr.

1,760

1.760

1,090

990

940

595

358

218

358

440

520

600

675

660

640

630 

610

595

555

535

515

JOK

475

456

475

AtK

Attt

475

475

475,

May.

475

495

475

675

675

715

760

715

675

715

715

715

715

760

715

675 

715

715

715

715 

675

715

760

760

Offfi

805

ssn

895 aofi

ssn

895

June.

895

805

895

940

990

1,040

940

940

940

895

sns

760

760

715

715

635

675

715

675

635

575

555

456 isas

K.9K.

475

495

4^5

456

416

July.

397

397

436

380

320

320

284

302

302 004

OAT

95f\

300

320

340

340 

340

340 %in

340

Q*|A

O1A

Of A

OIA

51 fl

OCA350 <isn

350

380

Aug.

iinn

436

416

358

378

397

358

339

339

397

Q7Q

416

436

400

360

320

284 ncfj

284

284

onn

4&Q

ao*7

OQ7

«w\n

QOf|

358

339

302

302

320

Sept.

320

OKfl

320 *>AA

290

280

O7A

260

250

240

oort

QAA

140

fi£

68

QO

68

CQ

50

88

t&

140

QAA

284

984

284

234

NOTE. Gage not read Oct. 4, Oct. 7 to Mar. 20. discharge estimated. Gage not read Mar. 22,23,29, Apr. 

3,15,26,28, May 21, July 30, Aug. 3,10, 24, discharge interpolated. Oa July 1, Aug. 31, Sept. % 3,7,11-16, 

18-21,23-25, water was bolow gage and discharge has been based on estimate of stage made by observer and 

other notes regarding flow of river.
32 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PABT V.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

(Drainage area-, 5,320 square miles.]

Month.

December. ...:'.

March..........

April...........

Maximum.

342

1,500 

1,760

Minimum.

949

94 K

1<tfl

218

Mean,

o7n

288

199 

Q1 i

MA

Month.

May............

July............

Maximum.

895

1.040

436

1,760

Minimum.

475

416

267

50

50

Mean.

725

71Z

332

354

197

385

HOUSE RIVER AT MIFOT, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Anne Street footbridge, northeast of Great Northern Kailway roundhouse at Minot, in. Ward County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,400 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. May 5,1903, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to pier nearest left end of Anne Street footbridge; 

read by Ephraim. Cox. From 1903 to December, 1909, a vertical staff on old 

footbridge 20 rods above presen*site was used. Both gages at 1,534.26 elevation 

sea level datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Anne Street bridge or by wading a few rods 

below dam at the Soo Railway water tank.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of clay and silt; nearly permanent. Dam 

of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Bailway Co. forms the low-water 

control. At higher stages dam is submerged, causing a reversal in rating curve. 

The crest of dam was slightly changed when repairs were made in spring of 1918.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year 8.5 feet March 

30 (discharge, 790 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.0 feet October 6 (discharge, 

0.3 second-foot).

1903-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 21.9 feet April 20,1904 (discharge, 12,000 

second-feet); minimum stage, 1.8 feet February 28, 1913 (discharge, 0.1 secondfoot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam 4 feet high at Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway tank, a mile below, raises water at gage about 3 feet at ordinary low stage. 

The dam being designed merely to give enough depth of water for the intake-pipe 

suction, has no sluices, but is not absolutely tight. When discharge is less than 

about 5 second-feet, the, water level falls below crest of dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by changes in Sob Railroad dam (lowwater control) during the spring break-up and by ice during the winter. Two 

rating curves used during the year; both fairly well defined below 2,500 secondfeet; the first applicable October 1 to March 15, except during ice period; the 

second March 20 to September 30. Both curves have a decided reversal due to 

the submergence of Soo Railroad dam above stage of 6,0 feet gage height. Gage 

read once a week October 1 to March 30, to nearest half-tenth and daily thereafter. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. During peribd October 1 to March 30, when the gage was read only 

once a week, the discharge for days of no gage reading was ascertained by interpolation in order to obtain the mean discharge for month. See footnote to table 

of monthly discharge. Records prior to April 1 poor; thereafter fair.
HUDSON BAY DBAIFAGE BASIN. 33

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept.

30,1918. 

[Made by E. P. Chandler.]

Date.

Apr. 7.............................................................................. a)..................................................... .........................

Gage

Feet. 

6.27

5.67

3.95

Discharge.

8tc.-ft.

278

149

1.6

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

11..............

22..............

33..............

44..............

55..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

18..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.. ............

22..............

23..............

24..........;...

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

23..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

0.3

.8

4.0

18

Nov.

24

40

50

Dec.

40

24

to

6.0

4.0

Jan.

4.0

6.0

9.0

6.0

FeT).

1.8

9.0

13

18

Mar.

40

88

390

790

Apr.

750

690

606

469

390

362

296

309

296

194

184

184

194

164

137

128

137

155

164

174

146

137

164

137

103

96

103

120

120

128

May.

146

164

204

260

284

296

284

137

120

96

36

20

9.0

4.4

5.7

11

27

50

81

103

128

128

45

40

45

40

68

68

40

45

in

June.

36

45

61

68

50

45

45

36

31

31

27

23

27

27

23

23

20

20

14

a n

7.0

7.0

6.7

4.4

3.2

3.2

5.7

7.0

5.7

4.4

July.

5.7

4.4

4.4

5.7

5.7

4.4

4.4

3.8

2.8

2.8

1.8

1.8

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.8

2.8

2.4

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.4

2.8

3.2

& i

4.4

6.7

5.7

7.0

7.0

5.7

Aug.

4.4

4.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

2.8

3.2

,2.8

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.2

3.8

4.4

5.7

5.7

5.7

7.0

9.0

9.0

11

11

11

9.0

9.0

7.0

7.0

5.7

7.0

Sept.

7.0

11

11

14

14

16

16

16

14

14

16

14

11

11

11

14

11

11

11

14

14

16

16

14

14

11

11

11

9 «

9.0

NOTE. Gage read once weekly Oct. 1 to Mar. 31. Daily discharge for intervening days ascertained by 

interpolation, and monthly means computed accordingly.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918,

Month.

February................................................

April....................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

790 

750 

2% 

68 

7.0 

11.0 

16.0

MI-niTryitn96 

4.4 

3.2 

1.6 

2.4 

7.0

Mean.

5.24 

3L8 

15.3 

5.87 

13.2 

258 

241 

97.6 

23.8 

3.82 

5.55 

12.7

Run-off in 

acre- feet.

322 

1,890 

941 

361 

733 

15,900 

14,300 

6,000 

1.420 

235 

341 

.756

NOTE.- During winter months, the Stout method of correction for backwater effect used in computations. 

Record prior to Apr. 1, should be used with caution.

1688° 21 WSP 475 3
SURFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

EVAPORATION AT UNIVERSITY, N.

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April 17, 1905, on 

a pool in a ravine called English Coulee, which runs through the campus of the 

University of North Dakota, immediately west of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and 2 miles 

west of the Minnesota boundary.

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. Except for brief 

freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 1 second-foot or less to 20 secondfeet. In very dry weather the water lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow.

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is placed in the 

center of an anchored raft, so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the water 

surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked 

by the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after 

the change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored to the 

original height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of 

such size that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

On the open prairie about 40 rods distant is a standard rain gage. On days of rainfall the difference (which is usually small) between the quantity measured by the 

rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered the total evaporation for the day.

Observations were made usually about half an hour before sunset. The temperature 

of the water recorded is the observation of the water in the tank. As the tank is made 

of metal, it has been found that at that time of the day there is rarely a perceptible 

difference in temperature reading between the water within and without the tank. 

The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of the standard 

self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum thermometers for the 

preceding 24 hours.

The following table shows for each 10-day period during the year ending September 

30, 1918, the gross evaporation, the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures for the 

10 observations of the water and of the air.

Evaporation observations at University, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

1917-18. 

Oct. 1-10.......

11-20...... 

21-31...... 

Nov. 1-9........

Apr. 9-10.......

11-20...... 

21-30...... 

May 1-10.......

11-20...... 

21-31......

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.04 

.71 

.17 

.32 

.33 

1.86 

1.78 

1.45 

1.32 

.80 

1.43

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.22 

.73 

.20 

.61 

.00 

.25 

1.82 

.69 

.44 

2.07 

.60

Mean temperature (°F.).

Water.

41 

33 

32 

33 

34 

42 

41 

52 

49 

51 

61

Air.

43 

32 

24

38 

47 

49 

42 

53 

48 

54 

59

Date.

1917-18. 

June 11-20...... 

21-30...... 

July 1 to Aug. 31 a 

Sept. 1-10.......

11-20...... 

21-30...... 

Oct. 1-10.......

11-20...... 

21-31...... 

Nov. 1-10.......

11-20......

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.60 

1.90

1.32 

.89 

.92 

.50 

.75 

.14 

.20 

.18

RainMi.

Inches. 

0.01 

.18

.10 

.23 

.13 

.23 

.19 

.78 

.60 

.43

Mean temperature (°F.).

Water.

65 

67

55 

49 

53 

52 

45 

34 

33 

32

Air.

65 

61

52 

47 

52 

51 

51 

37 

36 

32

« No records available.

KAWISHIWI RIVER HEAR WINTO1T, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 62 N., R. 11 W., in pond above lower dam of St. Croix 

Lumber Co. at Kawishiwi Falls, 500 feet above Fall Lake, 3,000 feet below Garden 

Lake, near western line of Lake County, 2% miles east of Winton, St. Louis 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,200 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 21, 1905, to June 20, 1907; and October 14, 1912, to 

September 30, 1918.

1 For complete description of this station and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905 

to 1908 see U. S, Geol, Survey Water-Supply Paper 245, pp. 64-67,1910.
HUDSON FAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed the last part of September, 1912, by 

the International Joint Commission in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, at a point just above right end of dam. Well was attached to 

timbers, which were bolted to the vertical rock wall of right bank of river. 

Auxiliary staff gage was also attached to one of these timbers. The gage shelter 

was supported by timbers, which were bolted to the horizontal portion of the rock 

wall above all possible high water. On May 27, 1913, the Stevens was replaced 

by a Friez water-stage recorder. During the high water of June, 1914, the well 

together with the float and weight were carried away by logs. At this time a 

concrete well was installed by the International Joint Commission a little below 

the dam and outside the river channel, and connected with pool above the 

dam by a pipe through the dam. The gage was repaired and again put in operation about July 1, 1914. Attended to by F. W. Byshe.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 1,000 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At the gage the river flows through a small deep pool formed 

by a timber dam without openings, which constitutes the control of gage, and is 

permanent unless dam is destroyed or alterations are made in the crest. About 

200 feet above dam is a decided fall. Banks high enough to prevent overflow in 

vicinity of gage. At measuring section bed of stream is composed of rock and 

boulders; rather rough; current very swift except at low stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.0 feet June 10 

(discharge, 2,890 second-feet). Due to nonoperation of the recording gage, stage 

of 5.0 feet does not represent the absolute maximum stage; minimum discharge 

recorded, about 37 second-feet on April 8, 15, and 22.

1905-1907 and 1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.2 feet April 30 and May 7, 

1916 (discharge, 5,370 second-feet); no flow August 24, 25, 30, and 31, September 

1, 1915, August 6, 8,1906, and April 23, 24, and 26,1907.

ICE. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating curve 

assumed applicable. The operation of the water-stage recorder is affected by ice, 

and the flow from December to March, which is very constant during this part of 

the year, is computed from weekly reading of the staff gage.

REGULATION. St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Garden Lake for controlling the level of water in that lake, and for storing water to be used in driving 

logs over the stretch of rapids between Garden and Fall lakes. This dam is 

capable of holding the water in Garden Lake about 7 or 8 feet above its natural 

level at low water before water will flow over the gates. When the water in Garden Lake is held at a high stage, the elevation of water is considerably higher in 

Farm Lake, and it is understood that the elevation of the surface of White Iron 

Lake is somewhat affected by the stage of Garden Lake. During the log-driving 

season, April to November, the water in Garden Lake is held to the elevation of 

the top of the gates practically all the time. In November some of the gates are 

opened so that the lake is drawn down to low-water stage, and remains so until 

spring. St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Birch Lake, which controls its elevation, and is capable of holding the water about 5 feet above low 

water. This dam is left open during the winter and until the high water of the 

spring break-up has passed. It is then closed, and the lake held as high as possible during the summer. There are a number of low dams in Stony River used 

for sluicing logs off rapids, but these have no storage of importance back of them. 

Large volumes of water are allowed to pass through sluices of dam at the outlet 

of Garden Lake for a few hours at a time, at irregular intervals, when desired to 

drive logs from Garden Lake to Fall Lake. At other times these gates are closed 

so that there is only a slight flow caused by leakage through the dam. At other 

times some of the gates are partly opened to allow passage of sufficient water to 

prevent flow over crest of dam.
36 SURFACE WATER STJPPLrYj 1918, BART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not usually affected by ice and seldom by logs. Rating curve fairly well denned below 2,890 second-feet. Continuous gage record from recording gage during the open-water period; weekly gage 

readings during the frozen periods. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1-21, July 28 to September 15 and September 22-30 obtained, by means of 

discharge integrator, from the recording gage record; October 23 to July 26 based 

on daily gage reading made by observer. Daily discharge record when recording 

* gage was in operation good. Discharge for periods when water-stage recorder 

was not in operation not determined except for days when gage was read. Information as to operation of gates in dam at outlet of Garden Lake given in footnote 

to daily discharge table.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKawishiwi River near Winton, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

i>. .............

6... ...........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

650

1,060

1,100

1,060

Qpn

1,070

1.180

1,440

1,200

995

1,180

1,000

arm

805

520

385

735

400

815

QQft

690

163

1,340

Nov.

1,340

590

1

590

930

Dec.

366

163

163

235

274

Jan.

314

314

314

274

Feb.

235

197

1Q7

Mar.

180

163

163

163

Apr.

80

57

57

67

80

May.

590

356

446

2,430

June.

2,700

2,890

1,270

996

July.

866

747

163

133

392

395

430

410

Aug.

378

380

1,010

170

170

170

170

204

222

505

648

662

584

342

257

163

338

469

584

163

163

282

163

330

298

230

258

231

230

Sept.

230

220

218

224

206

218

228

194

202

216

150

160

150

150

150

163

196

176

176

300

189

127

127

310

NOTE. Recording gage not in perfect operation Oct. 22 to July 27 and Sept. 16-21. During this period 

gage was read once weekly and the following information was obtained regarding operation of gates in dam 

at outlet of Garden Lake: Oct. 24 to Nov. 30, May 1-26, June 18 to July 25 gates were opened occasionally 

for purpose of log driving, and mean discharge based on weekly readings may be subject to considerable 

error. Gates were not operated for log-driving purposes from Dec. 1 to Apr. 30 and from May 27 to June 

17; mean discharge based on weekly gage height will give a fair estimate of flow. Gates opened only occasionally Sept. 16-21. Low flow during April due to gates in Garden Lake being closed for the purpose of 

increasing storage in Garden Lake.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ELK RIVER, JIINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 121 N., R. 23 W., at highway bridge in town of Elk River, 

2,500 feet below mouth of Elk River, in Sherburne County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to handrail of bridge, downstream side, near right bank) 

read by W. H. Ebner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control not well defined. Banks high and not subject to overflow.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 37

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.21 feet at 8.08 

a. m. June 1 (discharge, 17,700 second-feet); minimum open-water stage, 2.64 feet 

at 7.45 p. m. September 28 (discharge, 2,130 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded under unobstructed channel conditions,

10.8 feet April 7, 1916 (discharge. 27,000 second-feet); minimum open-water 

stage recorded, 2.64 feet at 7.45 p. m. September 28, 191S (discharge, about 2,130 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge estimated from 

records of discharge at Coon Rapids power plant, computed by the Minneapolis 

General Electric Co., allowance being made for the discharge of Crow and Rum 

rivers, entering between Coon Rapids and the station. During the greater part 

of the frozen period 1917-1918 no estimates were made as pov^er plant-was not in 

operation.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above the station on the Mississippi is at St. Cloud, 40 

miles upstream. An observed systematic diurnal fluctuation at gage of about 

0.1 foot is doubtless due to regulation at St. Cloud; but most of the effect of regulation is eliminated before reaching the station. Plow of tho river is controlled 

by Government dams on the upper river for the purpose of [increasing the lowwater open-season flow in the interests of navigation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 4,620 and 12,400, and fairly well defined between 

12,700 and 26,300 seeond-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained! by applying mean daily gage heights to r iting table. Openwater records good.

COOPERATION. Gage readings furnished by U. S. Army Engineer Corps.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. B. Eilgoye: 

October 1, 1917: Gage height, 4.13 feet; discharge, 5,170 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... .................................

2. ...................................

3.. ..................................

4....................................

5....................................

6.. .................... ...............

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

VI.. ..................................

22. ...................................

23....................................

24....................................

26.... .

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

VL............. .......................

Oct.

4,910

4,910

4,910

5,200

4,910

4,620

4,910

5,200

4,910

4,620

4,910

4,910

4,910

5,800

4,080

4,340

5,600

5,800

5,500

5,500

6,100

5,200

5*500

5' 500

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,500

4,620

4,340

Nov.

4,620

4,080

3,610

5,200

4,340

4,620

4,910

5,200

5 200

4,620

4,620

4,910

4620

4,620

4,620

4,080

4,340

4,080

4,080

4,620

3,840

4,080

3,610

3.610

4,080

4,620

3,610

3,400

3,400

2,860

Apr.

5,500

4,080

4,910

4 910

4,620

3.840

4,080

4,080

3,840

3,610

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,030

3,210

3,030

3,210

3,400

3,400

3,210

3,400

3,400

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,400

3,610

3,610

3,210

May.

3,400

3 400 4 <uh

5,800

5,500

6,100

4,620

5 200

6,700

7,310

6,700

6 400

6,400

6,700

7,000

7,310

6,100

6,400

6,400

6,400

6,400

7,000

7,000

6,700

7,980

8,880

9,520

R 240

9 520

9,840

10,200

June.

10,200

11,100

10,500

10,500

11,100

10,800

9,840

9,200

10,200

9,840

8,880

8,880

7,620

7,620

7,310

7,000

7,000

6.700

6,100

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,800

5,800

4,910

4,910

4,910

5,200

4,910

4,910

July.

4,910

4,340

4,910

4,910

5,200

4,620

4,620

4 910

4,080

3,840

5,200

3,840

A <UO

4,340

4) 080

3,840

3,400

3,840

3,610

3,610

3,610

3,840

3,840

3,610

3,840

3,840

3,610

3 840

3' 840

3,610

2,860

Aug.

3,030

3,210

3,400

3,210

3,030

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,210

3,030

3,210

3,030

3,030

3,210

3,030

2,700

2,860

2,700

2,860

3,210

3,210

3,030

3,030

3,210

8,030

2,860

3,030

2,860

2,860

3,030

3,210

Sept.

3,030

2,860

2,860

3,030

3,030

2,550

2,700

2,700

2,420

2,550

2,700

2,860

2,550

2,700

2,700

2,420

2,420

2,860

2,550

2,550

2,300

2,420

2,190

2,190

2,420

2,300

2,420

2300

2,300

2,190

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 4 to Mar. 31; discharge not determined.
38 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Mississipjsi River at Elk River, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 14,500 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,100 

5,200 

5,500 

10,200 

11,100 

5,200 

. 3,400 

3,030

Minimum.

4,080 

2.860 

3,030 

3,400 

4,910 

2,860 

2,700 

2,190

Mean.

5,100 

4,270 

3,640 

6,760 

7,610 

4,090 

3,060 

2,570

Per 

square 

mile.

0.350 

.293 

.250 

.464 

.523 

.281 

.210 

.177

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.40 

.33 

.28 

.53 

.58 

.32 

.24 

.20

MISSISSIPPI EWER AT ST. PAUL, MtSTN.

LOCATION. At Chicago Great Western Railway bridge near foot of Robert Street, 

St. Paul, 6 miles! below mouth of Minnesota River, in Ramsey County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 35,700 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1892, to September 30, 1918. Observation of stage 

began in 1873 by United States Signal Service and continued by United States 

Weather Bureau. Many discharge measurements made prior to 1900 by the 

United States Engineer Corps.

GAGE. Chain gage installed May 9,1913, on the handrail, downstream side, of Chicago 

Great Western Railway bridge, near the foot of Robert Street; read by United 

States Weather Bureau employees. From 1911 to May 9, 1913, the gage was a 

vertical staff gage attached to a piling on left bank of river about 800 feet upstream from present gage. Prior to 1911 a vertical staff gage on the Diamond Joe 

Line Wharf, at the foot of Jackson Street, about 400 feet below the chain gage, 

was used. The datum of all three gages is the same, allowance being made for 

the slight slope in the river between them.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Up to 1915 made from the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway bridge 2 miles above the station; in November, 1915, 

and April, 1916, measurements were made from thje Chicago Great Western 

Railway bridge to which the gage is attached. Since 1916 measurements have 

been made from the Wabasha Street highway bridge, about 1,000 feet above 

station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel somewhat shifting. Control not well defined. 

Banks moderately high; have not been overflowed in recent years.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.5 feet March 24 

and 25 (discharge not determined); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot December 5 (discharge not determined).

1892-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 18.0 feet April 6, 1897 (discharge, 80,800 

second-feet); highest known discharge occurred July 22, 1867, and amounted to 

117,000 second-feet; minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot December 5, 1918 

(discharge not determined).

REGULATION. During extreme low-water regulation of flow through turbines at the 

nearest dam in Minneapolis may cause diurnal fluctuation of stage at St. Paul. 

Flow is regulated by Government reservoirs on the headwaters at Lake Winnebigoshish, Leach Lake, Pokegama Lake, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and Gull Lake 

to increase the low-water open-season flow in the interests of navigation, but the 

effect of this regulation is very gradual at St. Paul.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN. 39

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during the year ajs indicated by a 

discharge measurement on November 5, 1918. Change caused by dredging in 

the vicinity of Daytons Bluff. Sufficient measurements haye not been made 

to develop a rating curve. Gage read once daily to tenths. [This perhaps does 

not represent the mean daily (stage accurately on account of artificial regulation 

at power plants in Minneapolis; occasional additional readings indicate that the 

error is not large.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau.

Daily gage height, infect, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6... ...........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31 .............

Oct.

2.1

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.3

1.8

2.0

2.2 

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.1 

2.0

Nov.

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9 i.e

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.2

.9

.8

.6

Dec.

0.6

- .2

- .3

 3

-1.0

- .8

.2

.4

.1

.3

.3

.9

.7

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

.6

1.0

1.3 

1.4

1.8

1.8

1.6 

1.7

Ja)i.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.3

1.1 io

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

.8

.2

1.8

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

1.0

1.8

i.8

j.9

.9

;.9 

.9

.9

.8

.9 

.9

Feb.

0.7

.7

.8

.9

.8

.9

.9

1.1

1.1

.8

.9

1.0

.9

1.2

.2

1.4

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

.8

1.0

.9

1.0

.2

.8 

.9

1.3

.......

Mar.

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.0

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.0

2.2

1.9

2.3

3.9

3.2

1.8

1.0

2.2

1.7

2.4

3.9

4.6

6.7

6.9

7.2

7.5

7.5

6.7 

6.1

5.6

5.1

4.7 

4.6

Apr.

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.1

2.9

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.9

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.4

\.3

May.

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.1

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.0

2.1

3.0

3.1

S.I

3.3

3.5

3.8

3 Q

4.0

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.6 

4.9

5.2

4.8

5.3

5.8

June.

6.0

6.1

6.4

6.5

6.2

6.3

6.1

5.8

6.0

5.6

5.5

4.8

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.3

2.5

2.3 

2.0

2.4

2.1

2.3

July.

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.7

2.1

1.5

1.1

1.9

1.7

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.4

.9

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.3

2.3 

2.6

Aug.

2.3

1.P

1.6

1.3

1.0

1.1

1.1

1..2

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.0

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.4

3.0

4.0

4.5

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.4

5.4 

5.5

.5.2

PL ft

4.4 

3.9

Sept.

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.1

1.7

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.1

.7

.9

.8

.9

1.0

.7

.7

.1

.1

.1

.0 

.4

.0

.1

-.3

'or the year ending

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected1 by ice from about Dec. 7 to Mar. 19.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 117 N., B. 40 W., at highway bridge 1 m Je south of Montevideo, Chippewa County, 500 feet below mouth of Chippewa I liver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 23, IS'OS, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to ui>stream handrail of the bridge, i.ear the left bank; 

read by Ben O. Brown and Esther Hendricks. Datum of giige lowered 2 feet 

September 16, 1909, and 1 foot more July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. 

All gage heights referred to latest datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and sand; fairly permaient. There is a 

slight rapid just below the gage, but the control section is not well defined. 

Banks of medium height and mil be overflowed at a stage of a >out 14 feet.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.05 feet March 30 

(discharge, about 1,690 second-feet); minimum open-water stage 1.17 feet September 22 (discharge, about 20 second-feet). This is the lowest open-water stage 

recorded during the period covered by the records.

1909-1918: Maximum stage recorded 15.16 feet at 6 p. m. April 4, 1917 (discharge about 10,200 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 6.8 second-feet 

(measured by current meter February 9, 1912).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; no measurements made and 

daily discharge not determined.

REGULATION. No regulation on Minnesota River above station. Regulation on 

Chippewa River at the plant of the Chippewa Milling Co., in Montevideo, produces a slight fluctuation in the stage of the Minnesota River at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. Rating curve fairly well 

defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily except December 16 to April 19, 

when it was read at irregular intervals. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records fair except at extreme 

low stages for which they are subject to considerable error.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3. ..................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

16...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

26...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

123

116

116

114

116

138

146

114

154

171

180

198

130

146

138

130

138

109

123

130

130

130

116

130

162

130

130

111

138

171

146

Nov.

130

162

154

189

216

IQfi

180

189

162

1QS

154

207

189

189

171

198

226

198

198

216

IRQ

IQS

226

216

116

164

162

154

189

180

Dec.

171

10A

171

Mar.

817

1,610

1,690

Apr.

1,270

967

731

675

703

647

filQ

566

514

Hdfi

666

619

619

May.

592

666

566

619

666

592

592

566

592

619

619

592

676

619

619

566

566

566

514

666

462

436

462

462

514

666

619

566

666

619

676

June.

703

703

703

731

759

759

731

731

703

703

703

703

647

647

619

566

566

566

540

566

fi47

676

540

566

566

488

514

514

462

410

July.

410

386

362

362

338

316

294

294

294

274

254

244

234

234

234

225

207

207

198

171

154

162

154

146

154

154

162

154

162

138

123

Aug.

112

116

106

105

114

138

106

123

DO

82

89

93

105

112

138

189

207

198

198

1QS

216

216

225

225

198

1QS

ISO

162

171

146

138

Sept.

130

123

123

116

115

116

105

104

82

104

108

97

97

91

91

79

78

83

80

62

20

68

72

56

74

67

81

74 -67

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Dee. 4 to Mar. 10. tionsmadfi. No discharge computa-
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASHST. 41

Monthly discharge of Minnesota Ewer near Montevideo, M$kn.,for iKe year en&ng Sept.

SO, 1918. '

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.

Month.

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

October....

November.. 

April 20-30. 

May........

June........

July.....'...

August.....

September..

225

675

759

410

225

130

109 

116 

514 

43'

12 

82 

2C

136

184

618

572

624

232

239

0.0216

.0292

.0981

.0908

.0990

.0368

.0379

.0140

0.02 

.03 

.04 

.10 

.11 

.04 

.04 

.02

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO MINN.

below mouth of Blue Earth River.

18. i

below mouth of Blue Earth 

The

 ported by two heavy posts 

by the United States

, observer for United S' ates Weal her Bureau

liighway bridge in center of 

or at extresie high stages, by

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 108 N., R. 27 W., in Blue Eartl County,

miles above center of Mankato and 1,000 feet 

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 20, 1903, to September 30, 1( 

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank of river, about 1,000 fee

River; read by Clarence Staley,

gage support is a substantial cantilever structure, su

resting in concrete footings, constructed and mainta ned

Engineer Corps. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from new concrete

Mankato, by wading a short distance below gage,

boat near gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel;

except during high stage; banks moderately high

except at stages above gage height of 15 feet. Control 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during

20; minimum stage, 1.2 feet during periods in Octobe

January, and February. 

1903-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 21.2 feet,

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 feet August

1911 (discharge, 89 second-feet). The highest known stage occurred in

is shown in Mankato by a well-marked line, appro

of the present gage (discharge, estimated 65,000 seco ad-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. The nearest dam on the Minnesota Rive

miles upstream. A dam on the Blue Earth River at Rapidan

the mouth, controls the flow of that river, which is a

that at the Mankato station, and produces considera ale

gage, amounting at times to over 1 foot. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; su Scient

not been made to warrant the publication of daily 

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United

at Sibley Park, 2

I not subject to overflow, 

not we! I defined.

year, 10.7 feet March 

and November, December

.June 26

di scharge.

fairly permanent,

, 1908 (discharge, 43,800 

31, September 1 and 2, 

1881, and 

,tely 27 ieet above the zero

is at Minnesota Falls, 140 

a few miles above 

proximaiely 20 per cent of 

daily fluctuation at the

measurements have 

States V feather Bureau.
SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

Nov.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

i ^

1.3

1.3

1.3

Dec.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Jan.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

i ^

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

Feb.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.6

Mar.

3.2

4.9

5.2

5.5

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.9

6.8

7.6

10.1

10.7

10.4

9.8

9.1

7.7

7.2

6.8

6.7

5.9

5.8

5.2

5.1

Apr.

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

May.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.8

3.8

4.9

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.7

6.0

6.3

6.9

June.

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.1

6.8

6.2

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.5

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

2.9

2.7

2.5

July.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.7

4.8

5.0

4.8

Aug.

4.7

4.5

4.1

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.9

3.9

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.4

6.6

8.6

9.1

9.2

8.8

9.8

10.8

10.9

9.8

9.1

8.4

8.1

7.5

7.1

5.2

Sept.

4.7

4.7

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 6, until the latter part of February or early 

in March.

ST. CROIX RIVER .AT SWISS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 42 N., R. 15 W., at highway bridge near post office of Swiss, 

Burnett County, 2 miles above point where St Croix River becomes boundary 

line between Wisconsin and Minnesota and 10 miles northeast of Danbury, Minn., 

on Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway. Namakagon River enters 

from left 3J miles above station.

DEAINAGB AREA. 1,550 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 20, 1914 to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge on May 16, 1918. Prior 

to that date a cast iron staff gage bolted to concrete pier at left end of bridge 

was used; gage read by Capt. Richard Goldschmidt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel, smooth; aquatic plants during summer months 

may cause a email amount of backwater at the gage. Right bank high and not 

subject to overflow; left bank of medium height and may possibly be overflowed 

during extreme high water.'

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.15 feet at 7.30 

a. m. June 2 (discharge, 3,000 second-feet); minimum discharge 700 second-feet, 

. February 2.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.73 feet at 6.45 a. m. April 22, 1916 

(discharge, 8,480 second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated, 700 second-feet 

February 2, 1918.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASffN. 43

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, exeeplf as affected by 

ice. Two fairly well defined rating curves used during the y|ear. Gage read 

twice daily, to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table except for period in wbich stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which it was ascertained from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good| winter records 

fair.

Discharge measurements of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

{Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date.

Dec. 18o.........................

Jan. 18o..........................

4&

Feet. 

1.82

2.02

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

792

797

Date.

Feb. 20o. .........

May 16.... .........

heignt.

Feet. 

2.32

1.66

Discharge.

8ec.-fl. 

739

1,570

a Made through complete ice cover about 200 feet upstream from gage;

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wit

SO, 1918.

ioinpleteice cover at control. 

r,for the year ending Sept.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

850 

822 

843 

892 

913

878 

850 

836 

857 

864

892 

934 

948 

955 

934

920 

955 

1,100 

1,250 

1,250

1,210 

1,250 

1,210 

1,170 

1,170

1,210 

1,250 

1,370 

1,330 

1,250 

1,130

Nov.

1,130 

1,130 

1,130 

1,100 

1,060

1,060 

1,020

976 

962 

955

976 

990 

990 

990

985

962 

955 

955 

955 

934

934 

955 

948 

948 

934

920 

906 

920 

892

878

Dec.

850

822 

822 

815 

815

810 sia

810 

810 

800

800 

800 

800 

800 

800

795 

795 

795

805 

815

830

850 

825 

800 

780

755 

745 

730 

725 

720 

740

Jan.

755 

770 

780 

785 

795

815 

835 

830 

820 

820

820 

815 

810 

800 

795

785 

780 

795 

760 

760

760 

760 

760 

760 

760

760 

760 

760 

760

755 

750

Feb.

725 

700 

705 

710 

705

700 

710 

715 

715 

720

735 

750 

760 

770 

780

785 

780 

775 

755 

740

730 

720 

720 

720 

730

740 

750 

760

Mar.

780 

800 

820 

845 

860

880 

875 

870 

860 

850

850 

850 

870 

890 

960

1,030 

1,100 

1,180 

1,440 

1,690

1,660 

1,620 

1,530 

1,450 

1,480

1,400 

1,360 

1,360 

1,290 

1,260 

1,220

Apr.

1,220 

1,220 

1,220 

1,220 

1,180

1,070 

1,220 

1,220 

1,180 

1,180

1,150 

1,120 

1,120 

1,080 

1,080

1,120 

1,180 

1,220 

1,220 

1,220

1,180 

1,150 

1,080 

1,080 

1,070

1,070 

1,060 

1,150 

1,320

1,480

May

1,48) 

1,40) 

1,36)

1,32) 

1,32)

1,29) 

1 29) 

1,32) 

1,40) 

1,601

1,64) 

1,64) 

1,60) 

1,52) 

1,58)

1,60) 

1,52) 

1,48) 

1,86) 

2,53)

2,631 

2,43) 

2,431 

2,23) 

2,13

2,43 

2,63 

2,63 

2,63 

2,63

2,63

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 3 to Mar. 25.

June.

2,950 

2,950 

2,950 

2,950 

2,840

2,730 

2,630 

2,430 

2,330 

2,230

2,040 

1,860 

1,770 

1,600 

1,440

1,360 

1,290 

1,220 

1,180 

1,150

1,120 

1,120 

1,070 

1,060 

1,040

1,040 

1,030 

1,010 

990 

1,010

......

J

1 

1

1 

1 

1 

1 

1

1 

1 

1

aly.

984 

984 

984 

150 

150

150

120 

070 

030 

030

996 

966 

94S 

936 

906

900 

912 

924 

912 

924

870 

890 

895 

906 

906

930 

912 

030 

060 

010 

984

Aug.

942 

924 

906 

885 

855

930 

1,000 

1,020 

990 

972

960 

948 

930 

906 

890

880 

875 

870 

850 

840

855 

948 

960 

972 

960

948 

936 

1,080 

1,290 

1,260 

1,180

Sept.

1,150 

1,120 

1,010 

960 

930

918 

895 

880 

870 

860

890 

936 

924 

912 

918

890 

900 

890 

880 

895

875 

860 

850 

895 

880

. 865 

830 

800 

810 

820
44

Monthly di

STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage ares, 1,550 square miles.}

Month.

November.....................................

Decenfber

Januar y .......................................

March.................................. ......

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

August

September.....................................

The year..... ......................... .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,370 

1,130 

850 

835 

785 

1,690 

1,480 

2,630 

2,950 

1,150 

1,290 

1,150

2,950

Minimum .

822 

878 

720 

750 

700 

780 

1,060 

1,290 

990 

870 

840 

800

700

Mean.

1,040 

982 

796 

783 

736 

1,130 

1.170 

1,880 

1,750 

980 

960 

904

1,090

Per 

square 

mile.

0.671 

.634 

.514 

.505 

.475 

.729 

.755 

1.21 

1.13 

.632 

.619 

.583

.703

Run-off 

(depth la 

inches).

0.77 

.71 

.59 

.58 

.49 

.84 

.84 

1.40 

1.26 

.73

.n

.66

9.57

ST. CROIX RIVER NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS. WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 34 N., R. 18 W., at power plant of Minneapolis General 

Electric Co., on Wisconsin side of St. Croix River, near St. Croix Falls, Polk 

County, Wis., 50 miles above confluence of St. Croix amd Mississippi rivers, near 

Hastings, Minn. Apple River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters 

from left 20 miles below station; Snake River, draining an area in Minnesota, 

enters from right 35 miles above station.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 5,930 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10,1902, to June 30,1905; January 1,1910, to September 30, 1918. Data for 1903 published in Water Supply Paper No. 98, pages 

176-177, under "St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minn."

DISCHARGE. Determinations of discharge based on kilowatt output of dynamo and 

exciters, plus flow over dam and spillway, considered as a weir.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge recorded during year, 10,100 

second-feet June 3 and 4; minimum daily discharge recorded, 603 second-feet 

July 28.

1902-1905, and 1910-1918: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 35,100 secondfeet April 23, 1916; minimum daily discharge recorded, 75 second-feet July 17, 

1910; the minimum discharge is not natural but caused by regulation.

REGULATION. Low-water flow controlled by operation of gates of power plant and 

by storage and release of water at Never's dam several miles upstream.

ACCURACT. Records have not been checked, nor have discharge measurements 

been made, by engineers of the United States Geological Survey; probably reliable. : COOPERATION. Records furnished by Minneapolis General Electric Co. !
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Crfax Falls, Wis.,for (he year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Pay.

I..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,170 

2,330 

2,170 

2,260 

2,270

2,290 

2,000 

2,360 

2,520 

2,200

2,680 

3,030 

2,870 

2,170 

2,620

3,240 

3,200 

3,150 

3,130 

3,000

2,200 

2,970 

3,190 

3,090 

3,230

3,800 

4,120 

3,450 

4,010

3,290 

3,210

Nov.

3,210 

8,610 

4,010 

2,310 

3,500

3,440 

3,150 

3,140 

3,200 

3,310

2,540 

3,070 

8,270 

2,960 

2,710

2,930 

3,170 

2,870 

2,820 

2,600

2,700 

3,140 

2,860 

2970 

2,280

2,980 

2,770 

2,610 

1,740

2,170

Dec.

2,370 

1,010 

1,640 

1,970 

1,840

2,150 

2,120 

1,54Q 

981 

1,740

1,870 

1,790 

1,470 

1,490 

2,100

898 

1,630 

1,800 

1 740 

1,880

1,640 

2,120 

617 

1,540 

467

1,560 

1,430 

1,400 

1,770

865 

1,830

Jan.

1,440 

1,370 

1,760 

1,380

1,680

1,160 

1,500 

1,620 

1,850 

1,610

1,680 

1,400 

1,310 

1,910 

1,580

1,750 

1,570 

1,490 

1,700 

1,210

1,610 

1,640 

1,730 

1 630 

1,560

1,710 

808 

1,930 

1,500

1,640 

1,560

Feb.

1,580 

1,600 

800 

1,540 

1,930

1,850 

1,790 

1,700 

1,720 

1,090

1,930 

2,140 

2,350 

1,470 

1,510

2,150 

890 

1,980 

1,980 

1,600

1,680 

1,620 

2,220 

700 

1,690

1,830 

1,700 

1,860

Mar.

1,880 

1,960 

1,260 

2,550 

2,390

2,000 

2,300 

2,410 

2,220 

1,390

2,900 

1,970 

2,180 

1,980 

2,080

1,860 

1,690 

2,910 

3,370 

3,810

3,490 

3,870 

4,250 

3,100 

5,960

4,260 

4,360 

4,230 

4,060 

3,870 

1,240

Apr.

3,380 

3,980 

3,060 

3,060 

2,940

3,380 

1,080 

2,800 

3,340 

3,960

2,880 

3,120 

2,860 

1,230 

2,020

2,560 

2,430 

2,440 

2,840 

2,750

1,330 

2,170 

2,280 

2,340 

3,140

3,300 

2,620 

1,300 

3,180 

2,730

Ma

3, »

4,2 

45! 

4,3 

2, ft

3,6' 

391 

301 

3,51 

4,<N

3,9t 

2, OJ 

4,6( 

4,11 

4, ft

4,01 

4'« 4,1! 

2,1<

6,5!

7,25 

6,15

7,7] 

74S 

6,7*

6,& 

7,6J 

6,73 

8,5! 

7,65

8 It

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, 

Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

December ....................................

March ...... ... ... . .... ... ...

April.........................................

May.

July..........................................

Discharge in set

Maximum.

1

1

4,120 

4,010 

2,370 

1,930 

2,350 

5,960 

3,980 

8.740 

0,100 

2,940 

2,710 

2,560

0,100

Minimum.

2,000 

1,740 

617 

808 

700 

1,240 

1,080 

2,020 

1,240 

603 

705 

660

603

. June.

8,920 

8,660 

10,100 

10,100

8,480

8,690 

7,720 

6,820 

5,960 

4,920

4,880 

4,900 

4,820 

4,260 

4,260

2,560 

3,680 

4,280 

4,310 

3,900

4,390 

2,100 

1,390 

1,710 

1,630

2,210 

2,030 

,2,080 

1,850 

1,240

July.

1,700 

1,960 

1,860 

1,400 

2,940

2,230 

1,340 

1,960 

2,130 

1,920

2,020 

1,930 

1,750 

1,060 

1,440

1,820 

1,800 

1,510 

1,690 

1,720

645 

1,740 

1,640 

1,750 

1,640

1,590 

2,090 

603 

1,590 

1,930 

1,950

Aug.

2,040 

2,550 

1,840 

705 

1,540

1,640 

1 460 

1,540 

1,600 

1,460

1,820 

1,660 

2,600 

2,240 

1,730

1,620 

1400 

930, 

1,220 

1,600

1,910 

1,560 

2,160 

1,690 

1,196

1,400 

1,500 

1,300 

2,030 

2,710 

2,260

Sept.

1,030 

1,410 

2,560 

2,070 

2,080

1,900 

1,940 

1,170 

2,320 

1,940

1,760 

1,920 

1,930 

1,760 

712

1,650 

1,720 

1,580 

1,770 

1,570

1,620 

660 

1,550 

2,000 

1,390

1,280 

1,480 

1,580 

1,020 

1,770

Wis., for the year ending

ond-feet.

Mean.

2,850 

2,930 

1,590 

1,550 

1680 

2,830 

2,660 

5,080 

4,760 

1,720 

1,710 

1,640

2,590

Per 

square 

mile.

0.481 

.494 

.268 

.261 

.283 

.477 

.447 

.857 

.803 

.290 

.288 

.277

.437

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.55 

.55 

.31 

.30 

.29 

.55 

.50 

.99 

.90 

.33 

.33 

.31

5.91

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the U. 8. Geological Survey from reotirds of daily discharge furnished 

by Minneapolis General Electric Co.

HAMAKAGOIT RIVER AT TREGO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 40 N., R. 12 W., at Chicago ife Northwestern Railway

bridge at Trego, Washburn County, 20 miles above confluence of Namakagon and

Totogatic rivers. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles (measured on map issu<

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 in 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 11, 1914, to September 30, 1 

GAGE. Enameled staff fastened to retaining wall, left

railroad bridge; read by G. E. Krenz. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from lower chords of railroad bridge.

1 by Wisconsin Geological

ch=6 miles).

18.

ink of river, just above
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; free from vegetation. Banks medium high 

and not subject to overflow. Small island downstream with rapids on either 

side forms the control; channel fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.6 feet June 6 

(discharge, 1,020 second-feet); minimum discharge, 255 second-feet February 23. 

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 3.0 feet April 23, 1916 (discharge, 1,330 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 235 second-feet December 19,1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except for ice effect. Rating curve 

well defined between 330 and 1,330 second-feet; below 330 second-feet extended 

and subject to error. Gage read once daily to half-tenths, except during period 

December 9 to June 1, when it was read every other day. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table except for period in 

which stage relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying 

to rating table daily gage height corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's note?, and weather records. Records good for openwater periods; for winter periods fair.

Dishcarge measurements of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date.

Dec. 190............................................................................

Feb. 21 o.................... ........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.41

2.58

2.46

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

398

311

261

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

332

320

332

332

332

320

332

332

332

350

350

369

350

350

332

350

332

417

444

417

369

369

369

417

417

417

417

417

417

417

472

Nov.

393

332

369

369

369

350

369

369

369

350

369

369

350

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

350

369

350

350

350

369

417

369

417

332

Dec.

332

OQO

417

369

280

310

310

300

300

290

300

310

320

330

330

350

370

390

400

400

400

370

350

330

320

310

310

OjYC

305

300

300

Jan.

310

330

330

330

350

350

350

350

330

330

320

320

320

310

310

310

310

310

300

300

300

300

300

290

290

onn

290

290

OQA

Feb.

290

290

280

300

300

300

300

310

310

310

310

300

300

290

290

290

280

270

270

260

260

260

265

260

270

270

280

OQA

Mar.

290

290

290

290

290

290

300

300

310

310

320

330

340

360

370

370

380

390

390

400

410

410

420

440

450

472

472

472

432

393

381

Apr.

369

381

393

372

350

372

393

405

417

368

320

356

393

362

332

374

417

417

417

417

417

393

369

360

350

320

344

369

369

May.

369

369

369

369

369

381

393

448

502

517

532

502

472

472

472

458

444

430

417

474

532

532

532

564

597

718

838

820

803

838

873

June.

908

944

908

944

944

1,020

944

873

803

664

733

698

630

532

502

472

472

472

472

444

444

444

417

417

393

393

369

369

417

417

July.

417

417

417

444

417

393

332

350

369

369

369

369

369

369

332

369

369

350

350

350

320

308

332

350

369

369

332

417

417

369

369

Aug.

350

332

369

350

332

350

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

369 '369

369

320

332

369

393

393

369

332

393

369

472

532

472

417

Sept.

369

369

369

369

369

369

350

350

320

332

369

350

320

332

332

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

369

332

332

289

320

332

332

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 25, Discharge estimated or interpolated 

every other day Dec. 9 to June 1, as gage was not read.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 47

Monthly discharge of Namdkagon River at Trego, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1918, 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...'...................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May .. .

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

472 

417 

417 

350 

310 

472 

417 

873 

1,020 

444 

532 

369

1,020

Minimum.

320 

332 

280 

290 

255 

290 

320 

369 

369 

308 

320 

289

255

Mean.

372 

366 

336 

315 

286 

367 

375 

529 

615 

370 

377 

351

389

Per 

square 

mile.

0.886

.871 

.800 

.750 

.681 

.874 

.893 

1.26 

1.46 

.881 

.898 

.836

.926

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

1.02 

.97 

.92 

.86 

.71 

1.01 

1.00 

1.45 

1.63 

1.02 

1.04 

.93

12.56

APPLE RIVER NEAR SOMERSET, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 31 N., R. 19 W., St. Croix County, at power plant of St. 

Croix Power Co., 3J miles below Somerset and 2 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January, 1901, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage; readings not used in determination of flow.

DISCHARGE. The discharge of the turbines in second-feet corresponding to the number of kilowatts is determined for each hour during day from a record of the number of wheels in operation and the load; the sum of tie discharge divided by 24 

gives average discharge through the turbines. To this quantity is added the leakage through the average number of wheels idle each day, the sum giving daily 

flow through power house. Water is seldom wasted over spillway of dam, but 

when it is so wasted the quantity is computed from weir formulas and added to 

the flow through plant. There is a constant leakage through the gate and flashboards amounting to 3 second-feet. This quantity has not been taken into consideration in computing the published records.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge recorded during- the year,

1,160 second-feet, June 3; minimum daily discharge, 63 second-feet, August 1.

1904-1918: Maximum daily discharge, 2,280 second-feet in June, 1905; minimum

daily discharge, 38 second-feet May 10, 1910. Due to regulation the minimum

discharge has no bearing on the natural minimum flow.

REGULATION. There are a number of power plants on Apple River above station. 

The pondage of these plants is small, and though the daily flow may be controlled 

to some extent the mean monthly flow probably corresponds closely to the natural 

flow. ;

ACCURACY. From 1901 to 1909 the discharge through the plant was determined from 

tables computed from data collected as tests on one of the turbines made at flume 

of Holyoke Water-Power Co., Holyoke, Mass. In the summer of 1909 engineers 

of St. Croix Power Co. made tests on the water flowing through all the wheels as 

actually installed, by means of a sharp-crested weir 710 inches long located about 

60 feet below power house. These tests gave results about 3 per cent larger than 

the Holyoke tests, and tables based on them have been used in determining the 

discharge through the plant from 1909 to date. In June, 1914, a series of current 

meter measurements were made by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission and 

United States Geological Survey, and a rating curve for the tailrace was developed. Twelve tests were then run with different wheels and loads. It was found
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

that the discharge as determined by the current meter and the discharge as computed by the company agreed very closely, the percentage difference for the 

twelve tests ranging from 6.4 per cent to +1.8 per cent, with an average of 

 2.0 per cent; the discharge as determined by the company being 2 per cent less 

than that determined by the current meter.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by St. Paul Gas Light Co. of St. Paul, Minn., D. W. 

Flowers, engineer.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending

, Sepf. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

'^.. ............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

2L.. ............

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26

27

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

194

202

210

281

126

190

214

ing

231

247

348

134

296

200

207

219

204

267

219

232

269

240

245

275

309

187

232

261

261

Nov.

251

OAO

324

187

239

249

94fi

255

359

169

211

228

244

fMQ

227

363

251

135

233

268

237

237

243

304

IS]

248

239

262

14.Q

228

Dec.

304

233

220

202

1 JO

10ft

236

92

113

226

w;

250

91 A

229

214

99Q

202

238

240

262

193

182

159

01 q

211

171

285

91

189

Jan.

203

91 Q

213

ocn

193

191

IftO

155

070

B7

161

199

qnl

tQQ

OQQ

115

183

204

19Q

194

196

18P

246

164 i<;a

165

OQO

161

Feb.

184

OKG

129

153

10ft

208

172

207 ion

135

157

177

100

132

164

220

131

190

164

181

IQft

244

156

20?

229

188

207

Mar.

255

QOJ

282

240

345

97ft

280

263

1Q1

1Qi

280

9Q1

258

280

307

430

307

AQfi

642

749

786

618

583

494

208

500

323

328

363

370

239

Apr.

350

292

303

383

170

342

266

249

276

238

418

141

304

272

257

286

300

290

274

273

214

230

270

249

25?

275

265

173

285

309

May.

244

OCQ

135

258

151

261

259

234

280

422

462

221

309

178

398

353

391

300

207

310

348

361

318

283

364

591

597

821

705

804

895

June.

603

a»fi

1,160

1,020

993

Qftn

869

690

581

686

472

306

336

505

364

230

276

338

143

318

336

349

209

270

284

274

228

238

266

205

July.

235

225

289

170

271

268

225

282

235

274

249

95

306

ISO

235

213

227

161

208

217

111

137

162

176

210

208

211

154

182

348

92

Aug.

63

135

223

137

155

194

172

159

151

213

132

210

173

168

148

ISfi

213

141

163

159

170

1Q1

227

152

102

162

188

175

251

170

269

Sept.

164

941

192

206

171

208

219

118

QflA

228

196

QA7

210

226

140

202

1fi3

onft

204

203

153

208

193

163

164

126

218

NOTE. See note under "Discharge" In station description for method by which these records are 

obtained.

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

Dft^PmbW -, . . , r . T r - ,,,,-,

April...... ....................................

May...................... ..................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

348 

363 

304 

328 

256 

786 

418 

895 

1,160 

348 

269 

231

1,160

MiTilnmiTn.

126 

135 

91 

87 

129 

191 

141 

135 

205 

92 

63 

118

63

Mean.

229 

241 

200 

192 

184 

371 

274 

385 

486 

212 

173 

190

262

Per 

square 

mile.

0.416 

.438 

.364 

.349 

.335 

.675 

.498 

.700 

.884 

.385 

.315 

.345

.476

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.48 

.49 

.42 

.40 

.35 

.78 

.56 

.81 

.99 

.44 

.36 

.38

6.46
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

RIVER NEAR RIVER FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 27 N ., R. 19 W., at Clifton Hollow bridge, a quarter of a mile 

downstream from dam of Clifton Falls Power Co., 2 miles above mouth of river 

and 7 miles downstream from Elver Falls> Pierce County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 170 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS A VAILABLE. -October 23, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder, in a wooden well fastened to downstream 

side of right-hand cushing bridge pier.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel of rather heavy gravel and sand; control in head of 

small rapids 150 feet below the gage and is not permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year by recording 

gage, 6.6 feet at 10 p. m. June 5 (discharge, roughly approximate, 3,080 second-feet). 

Minimum stage of between 1.7 and 1.8 feet (discharge, approximately 15 secondfeet) occurred several times following complete shutdown of power plant. The 

maximum is about the natural maximum; minimum is caused by regulation at 

the power house.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected to some extent by ice.

REGULATION. The daily flow is regulated almost completely by the Clifton power 

dam just above the station. There are three dams in River Falls which may also 

have some effect on the daily flow; the storage at these dams is relatively small, 

and the monthly flow is considered to be nearly the normal flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; ong rating curve was used 

throughout the year. Poorly defined between 28 and 470 second-feet. Continuous record obtained by recording gage, except during winter periods and certain 

other brief periods when gage was not operating properly. Discharge ascertained 

by fractional day method. ;

When recording gage was not in operation dischaifee was based on flow in 

adjacent drainage basins. Records poor.

Discharge measurements of Kinnikinnic River, near River Falls, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

May 13o

13

20

Made by 

T. G.Bedford....................................... .....................

.....do...................................................................

height.

Feet. 

2.08

2.46

2.45

3.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

54

160

135

336

Made by wading a short distance downstream. 

1688° 21 WSE 475 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis., for the yeoar

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17.. ...................... ...

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

76

76

78

68

74

83

64

56

56

66

56

65

58

62

54

53

64

60

52

65

65

52

56

61

70

61

79

77

75

70

68

Nov.

66

62

72

66

72

95

78

78

80

80

78

76

125

80

80

71

70

104

91

120

104

113

92

90

88

64

74

69

85

58

Dec.

7ft

90

57

60

«n

fin

71

70

70

117

80

80

Q7

96

96

Apr.

80

110

110

110

110

100

100

90

100

100

100 inn

inn

80

70

HR

60

60

60

55

57

60

60

60

60

60

60

65

65

65

May.

65

65

65

70

70

80

80

80

100

90

90

40

72

80

80

50

50

50

40

40

50

45

45

45

65

95

80

95

75

183

400

June.

260

110

96

95

680

490

375

260

530

180

115

on

85

70

60

70

75

78

75

75

75

75

80

75

75

70

75

75

75

75

July.

75

75

70

70

65

65

60

65

70

75

80

65

70

70

75

75

75

75

100

80

60

52

65

190

105

60

75

75

55

55

45

Aug.

85

75

75

70

65

75

110

105

75

75

95

80

65

95

95

45

85

55

60

95

70

1100

220

175

125

95

80

85

70

80

85

Sept.

90

on

71

80

80

85

90

on

95

95

95

100

90

90

90

100

95

on

85

85

90

85

100

100

100

01

on

70

60

80

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice and recording gage not in operation from Jan. 1 to Mar. 

31; discharge estimated, Jan. 1-31, 60 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 55 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,115 second-feet. 

Recording gage not in operation, discharge estimated Dec. 8 to 15, 24 to 31, 70 second-feet. Recording 

gage not in perfect operation Nov. 9,10,24, Dec. 22, Apr. 6,7, June 14, Aug. 24,25.

Monthly discharge of Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 170 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

/

Dischargein second-feet.

Maximum.

83 

125

110 

400 

680 

190 

1,100 

100

1,100

Minimum.

52 

58

55 

40 

60 

45 

45 

60

Mean.

65.2 

82.8 

74.3 

60 

55 

115 

78,8 

81.8 

154 

73.9 

121 

88.7

87.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.384 

.487 

.437 

.353 

.324 

.677 

.464 

.481 

.906 

.435 

.712 

.522

.516

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.54 

.50 

.41 

.34 

.78 

.52 

.55 

1.01 

.50 

.82 

.58

6.99
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 51 

CHIPFEWA RIVER AT BISHOP'S BRIDGE, NEAR WINTER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 39 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge 3 miles downstream 

from East Fork of Chippewa River (coming in from the left) and 4 miles by 

road northwest of Winter, Sawyer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 775 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 23, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to highway bridge used since May 23, 1916; read by 

John Edburg. Gages previously used as follows: February 23,1912, to January 

27, 1914, a wooden staff gage fastened to a wooden pier on right bank just above 

bridge; datum 3.44 feet above that for chain gage; January 27, 1914, to May 28, 

1916, a vertical cast-iron staff gage fastened to same pier; datum same as for 

chain gage.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENT. Made from downstream side of highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; free from vegetation and not 

subject to shift. One channel at all stages. Control is head of rapids about 1,000 

feet below the gage; practically permanent. Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 7.24 feet at 4 p. m. 

June 1 (discharge, 3,040 second-feet); estimated minimum discharge, during January and February, 180 second-feet.

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded during period, 9.56 feet, April 22, 1916 

(discharge, 6,940 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 175 second-feet 

February 17, 1917.

REGULATION. Flow regulated to some extent by operation of storage reservoir in sec. 

14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W., about 16 miles above station. This reservoir has a capacity 

of 550,000,000 cubic feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on upper Flambeau River for the purpose of regulating the flow of Chippewa River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice during winter period and by logs during a portion of April and May. Rating curve well 

defined between 270 and 6,820 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table, except tor period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was obtained by applying to the rating table daily gage heights corrected 

for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records; discharge for periods of May, when logs were present, interpolated. 

Excellent records for open-water period except those for May, which are fair; 

winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis.t during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date.

Dec. 26o.............................................................................

Jan. 26o.............................................................................

Mar. lo............ ..................................................................

height.

Feet. 

6.46

5.34

5.62

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

337

1%

216

o Made through complete ice cover, 20 feet below gage.
52 

Daily dti

STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

<e, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. ..........

11... ...........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

380

405

405

jftt

405

405

380

380

360

380

405

405

405

430

455

455

480

640

Qftfl

960

1 000

l)l50

1,150

1,100

915

870

01 1\

1,000

830

675

750

Nov.

710

675

640

555

530

530

505

505

505

505

505

505

480

480

480

480

455

455

430

405

380

380

360

365

3fin

360

355

355

350

350

Dec.

345

Id's

345

*3AK

345

340

340

340

340

340

380

405

405

360

380

 405

405

380

360

340

340

360

340

340

320

340

340

340

340

410

285

Jan.

410

340

330

QOA

320

w»

295

285

280

97A

255

240

9dfi

240

230

225

99 *i

225

91 A

210

91 A

210

210

91 n

200

195

1OA

180

180

180

180

Feb.

180

180

180

180

180

180

185

195

195

1QH

195

195

195

185

180

180

195

195

195

ion

1OK

195

195

91 ft

225

225

99H

210

Mar.

200

91ft

210

oon

99 R

220

210

210

210

ion

210

225

225

225

99 *i

225

225

255

97ft

270

305

340

380

430

455

480

530

555

555

530

530

Apr.

530

530

530

530

505

480

505

480

480

480

455

430

430

430

455

455

505

555

580

580

610

610

555

iun

580

505

455

455

480

530

May.

790

830

790

832

874

916

958

1,000

1,200

1,460

1,520

1,520

1,350

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,150

1,150

1,460

1,400

1,350

1,570

1,980

2,310

2,440

2,570

2,700

June.

2,980

2,980

2,840

2 VJR

2,570

2,570

2,310

2,050

1,570

1,520

1,460

1,100

1,050

915

870

710

640

580

CflK

505

480

405

430

' 380

380

340

322

322

287

340

July.

340

OOO

340

340

580

y|KE

360

360

322

322

304

270

287

270

QfU

304

97O.

287

97fi

304

304

287

304

287

304

304

97fi

340 099

340

322

Aug.

304

322

304

304

287

9Q7

340

380

405

380

380

430

380

405

340

304

304

270

9Q7

OEyi

254

322

480

505

480

AQf\

ttf\%

790

TOO

960

Sept.

1,050

1 000 '830

Ton

675

555

w;

405

405

340

380

480

480

480

430

380

430

505 eq/\

430

430

430

405

455

Aon

405

yion

380

380

360

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 24 to Mar. 27. Discharge interpolated because of 

logs on control, May 4-7.

Monthly discharge of Ohippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 775 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,150 

710 

410 

410 

225 

555 

640 

2,700 

2,980 

580 

960 

1,050

2,980

Minimum.

360 

350 

286 

180 

180 

195 

430 

790 

287 

270 

254 

340

180

Mean.

640 

465 

355 

245 

194 

308 

512 

1,380 

1,200 

322 

406 

506

546

Per 

square 

mile.

0.828 

.600 

.458 

.316 

.250 

.397 

.661 

1.78 

1.55 

.415 

.524 

.653

.705

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.95

.67 

.53 

.36 

.26 

.46 

.74 

2.05 

1.73 

.48 

.60 

.73

9.56
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 53

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT BRUCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 7 W., at Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway bridge 1 mile east of Bruce, Rusk County. Thomapple River enters 

from right immediately above station, and Flambeau River from right 21 miles 

below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE December 31, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to downstream side of Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault 

Ste. Marie Railroad bridge; read by H. C. Gardner.

DTSCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and small gravel; free from vegetation; first and second channels from the west fairly permanent; third channel 

nearest east bank has a tendency to fill during low stages with sand worked in by 

Thornapple River. Flow except during extreme high stages is confined within 

the banks.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 7 a. m. 

June 2 (discharge, 9,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 1.15 feet, morning 

and afternoon of August 21 (discharge, about 260 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded during period, 12.3 feet at 5.45 p.m., 

April 22, 1916 (discharge, 13,400 second-feet); minimum discharge, when river 

was frozen, approximately 310 second-feet during January and February, 1917; 

TininiTmiTn open-water stage recorded 1.15 feet morning and afternoon reading 

August 21, 1918 (discharge, about 260 second-feet); caused by regulation.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by reservoir on West Fork of Chippewa 

River, in sec. 14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W. This reservoir has a capacity of 550,000,000 

cubic feet, and is used in connection with reservoirs on upper Flambeau River, 

for the purpose of regulating the flow of Chippewa River. No diurnal fluctuation 

is observed.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during winter 

periods and changes caused by shifting control during periods of low water. 

Two rating curves used during the year; the first, which is fairly well defined 

throughout, is applicable from October 1 to March 28; the second, which is fairly 

well defined between 390 and 3,100 second-feet, is applicable March 29 to September 30. Gage read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for the period 

in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which periods it was 

obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records fair; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bruce, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 'SO,

1918.

Date.

Oct. 24

Dec. 24a

Jan. 24o

Made by 

.....do........... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.04

2.82

2.99

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,630

541

390

Date.

Feb. 26a

May 5

Aug. 22

Made by 

T.G.Bedford..........

.....do..................

S. B. SouM ............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.31

3.77

1.78

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

359

2 220

721

Complete ice cover at control and measuring station.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bruce, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ......... ..

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7.... ..........

8..............

9.............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..... ........

14..............

15..............

16..............

17........... ..

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............

31..............

Oct.

510

314

480

575

610

610

610

575

540

1,600

1,600

650

610

650

650

730

930

1,060

1,600

1,800

1,800

1,600

1,700 i,eoo

1,500

1,400

1,600

1,700

1,700

1,300

1,060

Nov.

1,300

1,100

1,100

1,020

930

890

890

850

850

810

770

770

770

770

730

690

690

690

690

650

610

540

575

575

575

575

610

690

690

Aon

Dec.

690

690

650

650

540

610

610

610

610

575

610

630

650

630

610

610

610

590

575

540

510

525

540

540

510

510

510

480

455

450

455

Jan.

455

455

440

430

430

430

455

480

455

430

430

430

420

405

420

430

415

405

405

405

405

405

390

380

380

380

380

380

370

355

350

Feb.

355

340

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

340

355

355

355

340

330

320

310

330

355

340

330

330

330

330

340

355

355

360

Mar.

430

440

455

455

455

440

430

430

430

430

430

450

480

480

480

510

610

770

1.020

1,200

1.500

1.800

2.000

1.900

1,700

1,500

1,200

1,020

970

970

935

Apr.

935

1,270

1,430

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,350

1,350

1.270

1,190

1,110

1,110

1,010

970

1,000

1,080

1,350

1,510

1,510

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,270

1,150

1,110

1,110

1,000

935

970

2,120

May.

1,940

1,940

1,190

1,510

1,430

1,430

2,030

2,120

2,700

4,970

5,560

4,750

3 870

2,900

2,500

2,500

2,300

2,120

1,940

2,210

2,210

2,300

2,800

2,300

3,210

5,800

7,720

7,200

6,290

5,080

5,680

June.

8,400

9,240

7,720

6,040

4,970

4,420

3,870

3,430

2,900

2,400

2,210

1,940

1,760

1,510

1,430

1,350

1,190

1,110

1,000

900

865

830

795

725

690

690

620

620

585

585

July.

620

620

620

620

795

900

900

725

690

620

550

515

515

480

480

515

515

515

480

480

480

480

515

515

515

515

480

620

970

760

690

Aug.

620

374

417

480

515

480

480

690

725

655

620

620

655

655

655

320

466

473

445

550

260

585

795

900

830

795

480

725

1,040

1,190

1,190

Sept.

1,190

1,270

1,190

1.080

1,000

935

830

830

550

620

480

585

550

480

515

404

830

' 760

830

473

760

725

725

655

620

655

655

620

620

585

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 28.

Monthly discharge oj Chippewa River at Bruce, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 191t, 

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

February ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year........ ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,800 

1,300 

690 

480 

360 

2,000 

2,120 

7,720 

9,240 

970 

1,190 

1,270

9,240

Minimum.

314 

540 

450 

350 

310 

430 

935 

1,190 

585 

480 

260 

404

260

Mean.

1.090 

770 

573 

413 

338 

849 

1,230 

3,310 

2,490 

603 

635 

734

1,090

Per 

square 

mile.

0.681 

.481 

.358 

.258 

.211 

.531 

.769 

2.07 

1.56 

.377 

.397 

.459

.681

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.79 

.54 

.41 

.30 

.22 

.61 

.86 

2.39 

1.74 

.43 

.46 

.51

9.26
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 55

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In SE. J sec. 6, T. 28 N., R. 8 W. ( a|t highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, 

Chippewa County, 2,500 feet below mouth of Duncan Creek, which comes in from 

right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 22,1888, to September 30,1938. The gage was originally 

established by Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1889. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage readings during flood season of each year. On June 1,1906, the United States 

Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and maintaining gage

GAGE. On July 27,1916, a Gurley graph water-s|tage recorder replaced.a Priez waterstage recorder which was installed in January j 1914, on web between cusbing piers 

supporting first right hand span and about 10 feet upstream from the gage formerly used by the United States Weather Bureau; gage referred to original datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream ride of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent. Both banks high and 

are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.4 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 1 (discharge, about 43,700 second-feet) f estimated minimum discharge, 175 

second-feet January 20; caused by regulation^ at Wissota dam.

1888-1918: Maximum stage recorded during period, 26.03 feet December 6,1896. 

September 10, 1884, a stage of 26.94 feet was reached; discharge not estimated; 

minimum recorded approximately 40 second-feet February 4, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow past station controlled to a considerable extent by the operation 

of the Wissota gates. Large diurnal fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well defined between 530 and 56,200 second-feet; b^low 530 second-feet poorly defined. 

Operation of the water-stage recorder was satisfactory throughout the year, except 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice. Daily discharge 

October 1 to September 30 obtained by discharge integrator. Daily discharge 

during periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice ascertained by 

applying to rating curve mean daily gage heights corrected for the ice effect by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records and t") 

some extent on computations of flow through the Wissota dam. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date. Made by £6.

Feet. 

0.27

.49

Discharge.

Sec.-jt. 

1,040

1,320

Date.

Feb. J.8"

Aug. 21

Made by 

T.G.Bedford..........

S. B. SouliS.............

&,

feet. 

.50

.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,520

2,400

a Incomplete ice cover at control; measurement made through complete ice cover.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

93

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,210

2,280

2

KQ/V

2,370

2,370

3,060

1,150

2,080

2,260

2

o,in

1

OAA

2,080

2,220

2,600

825

700

2,450

1,660

4,570

6,970

8,350

6,900

6 040

4*420

5,330

5,010

4,810

6,670

6,350 

5,960 

4,430

Nov.

4.360

4,840

4,030

4,010

5,580

3,700

3,610

4,040

3,850

2,020

3,940

2,970

2,930

2,900

2,740

3,890

2

qnn

2,860

2,840

2 840

3,' 340

2,850

3,300

1,400

2,720

2,710

2,170

2,140 

2,100

Dec.

1,820

1,910

1,750

1,900

1,810

1,660

1,510

1,360

1,360

1,600

1 440

l'500

1,560

1,380

1,280

1,090

1,340

1,550

1,620

1,630

1,480

2,740

2,190

2,210

1,610

1,450

1,560

1,670

1,780 

1,760 

1,670

Jan.

1 600

l'?50

1,670

1,670

1,750

900

1,240

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,410

1,580

1,220

1,380

1,360

1,340

1,260

1,160

815

175

1,670

1,670

1,330

1,160

1,240

986

1,070

1,240 

1,330 

1,330

Feb.

1,330

1,330

986

1,340

1,170

1,280

1,190

1,190

1,190

1 040

1,050

i om

1,260

1,280

1,630

1 480

l!330

1,510

1,680

1,770

1,700

1,620 i /tin

1,190

1,190

1,440

1,440

1,440

Mar.

1,440

1,360

1,280

1,100

1,100

1,620

1,530

1,630

2,210

1,620

3,010

3,500

2,880

2.620

2,550

2,420

2,300

3,000

3,490

3,040

4,100

8,000

10,900

12,000

13,400

12,400

11,700

9,780

9,110 

8,440 

7,770

Apr.

7,600

7,320

6,570

6,080

6,600

5,640

4,460

4,920

4,970

5,480

5,980

5,180

5,030

5,670

4,720

3,960

4,200

5,570

5,080

5,130

4,400

4,100

4,160

3,800

4,290 

6,080

May.

7,380

6 BOO

5,400

7,620

ff,280

5,440

6,760

5,680

7,640

9,060

14,000

14,600

15,100

12,600

9,270

7,500

8,650

6,580

6,260

8,190

6,120

7,440

9,460

9,220

9,960

20,300

30,600

34,000

33,000 

28,800 

30,200

June.

36,300

fit OUU

0,600

11,100

7., 120

7,550

5,720

4,710

4,300

3,280

5,870

4,620

3,440

3,580

3,540

2,620

1,640

1,530

1,960

2,100

1,920

1,920

1,730 

940

July.

1,310

1,930

2,400

1,400

1,300

2,120

2,120

2,200

2,150

2,240

2,140

2,250

2,220

1,950

832

1,610

1,890

1,770

1,900

1,720

1,420

828

1,800

3,640

2,740

2,720

2,120

1,180

3,000 

3,500 

3,000

Aug.

3,140

2,880

2,780

2,700

2,130

2,920

2,860

2,180

4,790

6,370

5,560

4,780

5,010

5,030

4,550

4,050

3,280

2,500

2,620

2,810

2,740

2,720

3,200

7,140

6,820

5,200

4,800

4,350

4,460 

6,300 

6,560

Sept.

4,030

5,350

5,540

3,930

3,900

3,790

3,470

3,450

4,000

4,040

4,120

4,100

2,640

2,740

1,780

2,560

3,440

S fion

3,340

3,310

3,260

2,880

2,960

2,970

3,100

2,970

2,880

2,640

2,120 

1,960

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 10. Recording gage not in perfect operation Mar. 16,22-23,30, Apr. 3-7,14, June 2-8, July 29-31; discharge partly estimated.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 5,600 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,350 

4,840 

2,740 

1,750 

1,770 

13,400

34,000

3,540 

7,140 

5,540

Minimum.

700 

1,400 

1,090 

175 

986 

1,100 

3,300 

5,280 

940 

828 

2,130 

1,780

175

Mean.

3,640 

3,140 

1,650 

1,270 

1,350 

4,880 

5,420 

12,600 

10,700 

2,040 

4,100 

3,370

4,620

Per

square 

mile.

0.650 

.561 

.295 

.227 

.241 

.871 

.968 

2.23 

1.91 

.364 

.732 

.602

.807

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.75 

.63 

.34 

.26 

.25 

1.00 

1.08 

2.57 

2.13 

.42 

.84 

.67

10.94
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

FLAMBEAIT BIVER NEAR BTTTTERWUT, WIS.

LOCATION. In NW. J SE. i sec. 33, T. 41 N., R. 1 E., Ashland County, 6 miles southeast of Butternut and 7 miles upstream from Park Falls

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition ol 1911, scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 191ft.

GAGE. Standard chain gage supported by built-up cantilever, attached to posts set 

in right bank of river; installed May 26, 1916; read by Miss Mathilda Schulz. 

Vertical staff gage at same site and datum was used irom July 30, 1914, until 

taken out by ice in spring of 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 1,500 feet downstream from the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of mud and rock. Left bank is low 

and subject to overflow; right bank slopes back gradually to high-water mark. 

At cable site, 1,500 feet below gage, the bed is rocky and the banks high. Control 

is at head of Schultz Rapids, about 200 feet below cable sLnd 1,700 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.5 feet, June 3 

(discharge, 1,680 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 250 second-feet 

March 1 to 10.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded during period, ty.Q feet, April 22 and 23, 

1916 (discharge, 5,430 second-feet); minimum discharg^, estimated 250 secondfeet, March 1 to 10, 1918.

REGULATION. Storage reservoirs are maintained by Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. on headwaters of Flambeau River. Of these reservoirs, Rest Lake, in 

sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 5 E., with an allowable capacity of approximately 1J billion 

cubic feet, is the largest.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 356 and 3,480 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to 

quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table except for periods in which stage-discharg e relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating tab Le daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records good; winter recqrds fair.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.18

2.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

459

322

Dftte. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.44

1 7O

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

272

1,210

Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART 'V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau Rwer near Butternut, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5.. ............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

416

400

385

400

400

416

416

400

385

416

518

592

632

673

673

592

554

805

895

QSR

985

<un

895

850

805

760

805

760

716

805

673

Nov.

673

632

w>

592

554

554

554

592

632

Kn

673

Kn

673

632

632

fiOO

632

632

632

KQO

632

ftqo

632

554

592

554

540

530

Eon

510

Dec.

500 ion

485

475

465

465

465

465

465

465

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

Afifl

460

450

450

450

450

440

430

415

400

390

385

Jan.

355

330

315

305

290

9on

285

285

280

QQSl

280

280

280

QQSl

280

oon

300 jfifi

305 Qin

315 qon

qon

315

qi c

qiA

310

qin

qnc

305

qnr;

Feb.

305

305

305

310

315

qon

325

325

330

qqfl.

330

qqn

330

qon

315

qiA

305

300

ooft

non

275

270 970

270

97A

97A

270

270

Mar.

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

260

260

270

97fl

270

270

270 97n

280

300

330

Oylfl

370

400

415

450

480

535

non

670

720

Apr.

850

850

850

805

716

632

632

632

632

632

592

592

592

592

592

592

632

673

673

ftqo

632

632

592

595

592

554

518

518

673

760

May.

760

760

716

716

673

716

760

805

805

940

1.080

1,030

940

850

850

850

805

850

850

am

985

985

1,030

1,030

1,120

1,280

1,500

1,500

1 Wl

1,380

1,280

June.

1,330

1,500

1,680

1,620

1,560

1,380

1,330

1,280

1,120

1,080

985

895

805

760

716

716

632

592

554

518

483

466

449

449

400

400

416

385

385

483

July.

518

554

592

632

554

554

518

518

483

449

416

416

385

342

356

385

416

416

449

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

592

632

632

632

Aug.

592

554

554

554

632

449

432

483

554

554

554

554

554

518

483

466

449

432

416

416

385

356

356

329

329

416

416

432

554

632

716

Sept.

592

592

554

483

466

432

416

385

370

356

385

416

449

416

400

385

416

449

483

466

432

439

43!

432

416

400

385

356

370

370

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 27 to Apr. 1.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May........................................ .

June. .........................................

July....................... ...................

August.......... .............................

September. ...................... ............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

985 

673 

500 

355 

330 

720 

850 

1,500 

1,680 

632 

716 

592

1,680

Minimum .

385 

510 385' 

280 

270 

250 

518 

673 

385 

342 

329 

356

250

Mean.

643 

605 

454 

302 

302 

339 

649 

977 

846 

512 

488 

431

547

Per

square 

mile.

0.974

.917 

.688 

.458 

.458 

.514 

.983 

1.48 

1.28 

.776 

.739 

.653

.829

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

1.12 

1.02 

.79 

.53 

.48 

.59 

1.10 

1.71 

1.43 

.89 

.85 

.73

11.24
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BAS|N". 59

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS.

LOCATION. In SE. i sec. 20, T. 35 N., R. 5 W., at H. J. Oornelissen's farm, 6 miles 

by road northeast of Ladysmith, Rusk County, 21 miles below mouth of South 

Fork of Flambeau River, which comes in from left, anq 28 miles above mouth of 

river.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,940 miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and 

Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inehq=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 2, 1914, to September 30,1918. From February 15, 

1903, to December 2,1906, records were collected at a station in the city of Ladysmith, three-quarters of a mile south of Minnespolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway station, half a mile below dam of Menasha Pulp Co., and about 6 miles 

below present station.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to a cantilever arm, supported by two tr,ees on left bank of 

river, on the farm of H. J. Cornelissen; read by H. J. Cornelissen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 200 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; free from vegetation and 

fairly permanent. At gage section, channel is divided by a small sandy island; 

at cable section the river flows in one channel. Banks are medium high, wooded, 

and not subject to overflow. Control not well defined; formed by channel below 

the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE ,-r-Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 7.2 

feet June 2 (discharge, 9,520 second-feet); minimum discharge (during frozen 

period), 540 second-feet in February and March.

1903-1906 and 1914-1918: Maximum discharge recorded during period, 17,400 

second-feet April 23,1916; minimum discharge, 390 second-feet December 4,1904.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by large quantities of frazil ice which 

form on the falls and rapids above the station and fill the channel for a distance of 

several miles from the gage to pond of the Paper Co.'s dam at Ladysmith.

REGULATION. Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. operates storage reservoirs 

on Rest Lake and smaller reservoirs on Manitowish and Turtle rivers and Bear 

Creek. Weekly fluctuations at gage are caused by operation of power plants at 

Park Falls and storage reservoirs. No daily fluctuation has been observed.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by logs and ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 770 and 17,000 second-feet, approximate above 

and below these limits. Gage read once daily to quartet-tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for periods in 

which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice and logs, for which discharge 

was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for 

backwater by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records excellent except during July and September, when 

logs were in river, for which period they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date.

Dec. 22«.....................

Jan. 23o. ...... ..... ... ...

4B.

Feet. 

3.86

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

646

607

Date.

Feb. 25i. ....................

May 18. ......................

height .

Feet. 

4.05

3.46

Discharge.

8ee.-ft. 

546

2,280

Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis,,for (he year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.. ............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

5..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

10..............

22..............

21..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,000

lyOOO

960

880

1 000

QAfk

960

QA(\

840

880

920

QOft

1,080

1,240

1,240

1,340

1 9QTI

1,340

1,670

2 onn

2,770

2,510

2,150

2,030

1,910

1 790

2*150

1,910

2,150

2,030

1,670

Nov.

1,620 i nfin

1,560

1,560

1,560

1

CAA

1,500

1

CAA

1,450

1,340

1,340

1 340

1

Ant\

1,000

1,340

1,290

1,400

1,240

1,340

1,240

1,080

1 240

1*240

1,160

1,240

1,040

920

QOft

920

880

Dec.

880 S7n

860

840

eon

Kin

800

7fifl

770

750

7JA

730

79 n

710

700

690

68Q

670

670

660

650

640

640

630

630

620

620

620

620

620

620

Jan.

620

620

620

520

620

620

620

620

620

620

610

610

610

610

610

610

610

fif\f\

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

590

590

KQA

580

>!Sfl

580

Feb.

580 t&n

580

580

580

580

580

CQA

ton

600

600

610

610

620

620

620

610

610

600

600

590

eon

570

560

550

550

550

tLAfi

Mar.

540

540

550

550

560

560

570

570

580

580

590

600

610

620

620

640

660

680

710

7in

760

770

840

880

920

1.000

1,040

1,080

1,160

1,200

1,240

Apr.

1,340

1 4Oft

1,450

1,560

1,670

1,790

1,910

2,150

1,910

1,620

1,340

2,030

1,790

1,160

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,910

1,500

1,500

1,560

1,670

1,620

1,240

1,560

1,500

1,560

1,560

1,450

1,790

May.

1,910

1 790

1^670

1,670

1,670

2,030

2,150

2,390

2,510

3,330

3,800 A A&n

3,480

3,180

4,140

2,900

2,900

2,510

2,390

1,910

2,510

2 fidrt

2,510

2,770

2,770

4,140

5,210

5,600

6,000

6,000

6,220

June.

8,960

9,520

8,400

7,880

8,400

5,800

4,140

3,970

3,640

3,180

2,640

2,640

2,510

2,510

2,150

1,670

1,620

1,450

1,500

1,080

960

1,080

1,000

1,000

758

920

920

920

880

920

July.

920

740

920

1,000

920

1,000

1,240

920

960

1,040

1,000

920

880

1,160

1,120

840

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,450

1,670

1.080

1,120

Aug.

1,620

920

1,000

1,000

1,000

770

740

1,080

1.160

1,240

1,670

1,790

1,560

1,290

1,160

1,080 1 cmft

1,000

960

880

840

960

1,290

1,340

1,340

1,160

1,160

1,120

1,240

1,340

1,340

Sept.

1,340

1,4(50

1,340

1,560

1,240

1,240

870

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Nov. 28 to Apr. 6; by logs July 21-25 and Sept. 7 to 30. 

Gage assumed as reading 1 foot too high Aug. 31 to Sept. 3.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

April..........................................

May......... ..................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,900 

1,620 

880 

620 

620 

1,240 

2,150 

6,220 

9,520

1,790

Minimum.

840 

880 

620 

580 

540 

540 

1,160 

1,670 

758 

740 

740

Mean.

1,490 

1,290 

712 

606 

587 

741 

1,620 

3,200 

3,100 

1,070 

1,160 

968

1,380

Per 

square 

mile.

0.768 

.665 

.367 

.312 

.303 

.382 

.835 

1.65 

1.60 

.552 

.598 

.499

.711

Kun-on* 

(depth in 

inches).

0.89 

.74 

.42 

.36 

.32 

.44 

.93 

1.90 

1.78 

.64 

.69 

.56

9.67

JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 33 N., R. 5 W., at highway bridge in Sheldon, Rusk County, 

11 miles above confluence of Jump and Chippewa rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 510 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22,1915, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to downstream handrail of bridge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASJF. ei

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

OHANNEI. AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel, clean, and free from vegetation. Eight bank high and not subject to overflow! left bank may be overflowed occasionally.

EXTREMES OF DISCHAESB-. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.95 feet May 27 

(discharge, 7,800 second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated 15 second-feet 

Feb. 3 and 4.

1915-1918: Maximum discharge during period, 8,600 second-feet April 22, 

1916; minimum discharge approximately 15 second-fee|t Feb. 3-4, 1918.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 45 and 5,930 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table except for period in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by.applying to rating table mean daily 

gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918. 

[Made by T. Q. Bedford.]

Date. Gage

Feet. 

3.58

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

42

26

Date.

Feb. 26».. ...................

May 20.. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.90

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

31

42&

o Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Jump River at Sheldon, Wfy-, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Day.

1. ...... .......

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.... ...........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20... .->. ........

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

148

148

133

122

164

235

305

210

190

172

172

185

305

330

280

270

305

430

1,110

1,110

885

720

610

540

485

485

645

720

645

575

458

Nov.

405

355

330

305

330

355

330

305

330

305

280

260

250

230

230

220

205

200

185

176

172

172

150

145

140

130

120

110

105

95

Dee.

85

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

dfi

35

30

30

30

30

30

40

50

60

70

70

60

50

50

40

40

35

35

35

Jan.

35

35

35

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

25

ne

25

25

25

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

20

20

Feb.

20

20

15

15

15

15

15

20

20

25

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

25

20

20

20

25

30

30

30

30

35

35

Mar.

35

35

40

40

45

45

50

50

55

60

65

70

80

90

105

120

130

140

180

230

540

1,300

2,370

2,110

1,860

1,620

1,510

1,300

1,200

1,200

1,110

Apr.

1,020

930

840

680

575

485

540

680

575

485

458

405

380

355

330

355

430

485

610

575

512

485

430

380

330

305

280

355

575

1,020

May.

1,020

720

610

540

485

458

458

51?

575

1,620

l'fi20

1,'200

886

720

575

6l|

458

430

430

540

760

64$

1,860

7,230

7,800

6,660

5,780

5* 220

June.

7,230

6,850

4,540

2,950

1*980

1,400

1,110

840

645 tun

430

355

280

240

190

148

133

126

ins

98

88

77

77

68

60

58

50

50

48

50

Jtily.

60

70

70

70

84

84

70

70

65

48

45

as

38

89

44

68

50

45

45

42

39

36

38

68

74

70

77

176

148

148

133

Aug.

126

122

133

102

88

105

164

576

1,300

1,200

800

540

575

610

486

355

200

176

140

126

122

380

2,510

2,110

1,400-

1,020

512

540

1,400

1,510 i, no

Sept.

760

485

355

330

230

200

172

148

136

122

133

156

255

 ,336

210

190

180

220

610

680

576

458

355

330

355

330

240

225

180

185

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 23 to Mar. 28.
62

Monthly dii

SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 510 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,110 

405 

85 

35 

35 

2,370 

1>020 

77800 

7,230 

176 

2,510 

760

7,800

Minimum .

122 

95 

30 

20 

15 

35 

280 

430 

48 

36 

88 

122

15

Mean.

422 

231 

50.6 

27.3 

24.6 

574 

529 

1,870 

1,030 

69.5 

664 

301

486

Per 

square 

mile.

.827 

.453 

.0992 

.0585 

.0482 

1.13 

1.04 

3.67 

2.02 

.136 

1.30 

.590

.953

Eun-oflf 

(depth in

0.95 

.51 

.11 

.06 

.05 

1.30 

1.16 

4.23 

2.25 

.16 

1.50 

.66

12.94

EAU CLAIRE RIVER NEAR AUGUSTA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 26 N., E. 6 E., at Trouble Water Bridge, 7 miles northeast 

of Augusta, Eau Claire County. South Fork of Eau Claire Eiver enters from left 

4 miles above station.

DBAINAGK ABEA. 500 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 16, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Wagner.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading at 

control about 500 feet downstream from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at bridge and above is sandy and very shifting. A 

short distance below the gage the channel narrows and a rock outcrop overlain 

with large boulders forms the control. Banks are high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 9.1 

feet at 8 a. m. May 27 (discharge, 5,620 second-feet); mimmiim discharge, estimated 35 second-feet, from discharge measurements made January 27,1918.

1914-1918: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 10.6 feet at noon April 1, 

1916 (discharge, 7,180 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.10 

foot September 2, 1916 (discharge, 40 second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated 35 second-feet, January 27, 1918.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice 

Rating curve well defined from 69 to 5,520 second-feet, poorly denned outside 

these limits. Gage read to quarter-tenths once a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating curve, except for period in which 

the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good, except for low stages for which they are fair; winter 

records fair.
ITPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis,, during the year ending

Sept. 30,1918. 

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.95

2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

41

3

Date.

May 10.. .....................

Sept.36. .....................

.36.

Fat. 

4.38 .2>8

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

1.730

68

» Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. 

& Made by wading 500 feet downstream from gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for ike year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

83

69

78

69

87

83

78

78

97

73

87

111

129

129

118

118

107

129

207

249

221

201

166

153

174

235

401

4OQ

369

308

278

Nov.

235

207

201

201

179

179

174

166

153

141

129

129

129

125

118

107

107

107

103

97

107

107

125

107

118

129

97

87

97

87

Dec.

87

107

87

78

55

Jan.

20

Feb.

15

Mar.

15

20

25

30

40

45

55

80

85

235

1,130

2,760

2

KOA

1 QfiA

1,760

1,510 i dun

1,220

885

805

fiQft

620

620

Apr.

585

550

466

417

353

353

466

655

533

481

338

323

308

293

293

353

433

620

550

400

AQQ

449

369

323

903

263

978

620

845

Mfty.

655

516

417

323

293

278

263

235

338

2,220

2 QQA

1,570

930

620

499

466

369

323

323

323

140

3, no

5,020

4

7KA

2* 430

2' 860

June.

4,660

4,370

2,430 i fian

1,120

930

1,120

845

1,810

1,690

1,020

690

466

417

323

278

OOQ

235

221

193

193

166

141

141

134

129

118

111

107

125

July.

134

129

111

118

107

103

0*7

87

.87

87

8?

78

73

73

78

134

153

120

97ow

7ft

73

7O

83

87

8?

7803

134

118

91

Aug.

87

73

69

69

66

62

66

87

148

166

125

118

249

338

179

141

107

118

87

78

78

118

174

IKS

118

97

83

87

87

87

OQ

Sept.

wq

69

62

62

66

66

do

62

62

66

78

83

83

78

69

66

AA

78

87

111

107

O7

91

83

78

RQ

69

66

66

66

NOTK. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 25.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis,, for the year ending Sept.

30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 500 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

499 

235 

107

2,760 

845 

5,620 

4,660 

153 

338 

111

5,620

Minimum,

69

87

263 

235 

107 

73 

62 

62

Mean.

167 

135 

59.5 

20 

15 

604 

438 

1,250 

86S 

97.3 

116 

74.7

323

Per 

square 

mile.

0.334 

.270 

.119 

.040 

.030 

1.21 

.876 

2.50 

1.74 

.195 

.232 

.149

.646

Run-off

0.39 

.30 

.14 

.05 

.03 

1.40 

.98 

2.88 

1.94 

.22 

.27 

.17

8.77
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

RED CEDAR RIVER NEAR COLFAX, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 30 N., E. 11W., at highway bridge 4$ miles north of Colfax, 

Dunn County. Hay River enters from right 11 miles below station, and Trout 

Creek, also from right, 3$ miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 10, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by Andrew Lundeguam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; small amount of grass 

growth during summer months. Left bank high and not subject to overflow; 

right bank medium high and may be overflowed during extremely high water. 

Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.05 feet June 1 

(discharge, 3,180 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 368 second-feet, 

February 19 (by current-meter measurement).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded during period, 6.8 feet at 1 p. m., March 

31, 1916 (discharge, 6,990 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.80 foot November 19, 1914 (discharge, about 385 second-feet); apparently caused by temporary 

holding back of the water by ice. Discharge measurement made February 19, 

1918, gave a discharge of 368 second-feet.

REGULATION.4 The following dams and reservoirs are used to regulate the flow in 

Red Cedar River. Owing to operation of these reservoirs the flow at station is 

not natural.

Dam.

Long Lake.. ......-............:............... 

Cedar Lake....................................

Bear Lake. ....................................

Chetefc Lake..... ..............................

Location.

Sec. 24, T. 37 N.,R. 11 W... .......... 

Sec. 21, T.36N., R. 10 W....... ......

Sec. 25, T.37N.,R. 10 W....... ......

Sec. 7, T.36N..B. 11 W.... ..........

Sec. 20, T. 33 N., R. 10W... ..........

Approximate

capacity

(millions of

cubic feet).

1.000 

965

1 174

280

998

4,417

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent, except as affected by ice, 

and possibly by grass from June to September. Rating curve well defined 

between 653 and 4,450 second-feet; curve extended and approximate only 

outside these limits. Gage read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for 

period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for 

ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good; winter records subject to error.

* From data on file in Engineering Department of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 65

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Made by T. G. Bedford.]

Date.

Dec. 17«... .......

Jan. 176..........

height.

Feet. 

2.17

3.09

Disc/large.

Sec.-ft. 

522

490

Date.

Feb. 196......................

May 14.. .....................

Gage) 

height.

Feet. 

2.83

1.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

368

680

« Made from bridge and ice, incomplete ice cover at control section, i 

6 Complete ice epver at control ana measuring section. s

Daily discharge^ in second-feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1........ ......

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

(?ct.

490

535

512

535

490

490

470

470

535

512

512

490

490

490

635

662

820

Ib 040

820

820

750

750

690

635

750

750

750

610

690

785

Nov.

820

750

690

690

635

690

690

690

610

585

690

585

662

690

690

662

690

635

512

662

662

662

635

690

690

490

690

662

585

535

Dec.

585

635

560

635

350

455

540

Jan.

520

510

535

Feb.

505

460

440

Mar.

770

1,430

.

2.200

2.200

1,680

1,780

1,580

925

750

820

820

785

Apr.

890

820

785

750

690

785

820

820

750

720

690

690

662

662

635

610

635

635

635

585

585

585

662

610

635

635

635

635

690

662

May.

635

585

535

490

490

560

685

8$5

1 040

850

690

635

636

690

610

635

636

585

585

635

586

 535

750

1.580

3,120

3,120

1,980

1 480

1,780

June.

3,120

2,880

2.880

2.880

1,680

1,300

1,040

1,210

1,210

1^120

925

820

750

690

720

635

610

635

635

610

610

585

585

535

512

512

490

490

490

535

July.

450

490

490

535

535

690

560

470

490

535

512

490

490

450

450

490

490

490

490

535

490

490

535

960

690

560

512

720

585

585

535

Aug.

560

585

512

535

490

53»

585

690

610

585

535

585

610

585

585

535

585

635

685

560

585

690

610

585

560

560

560

610

635

720

720

Sept.

720

635

662

690

720

750

720

690

690

750

855

785

820

750

690

635

690

690

750

785

750

750

635

720

720

750

720

662

560

490

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 21.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

October.........

December.......

February. .......

March...........

April.............

May.............

The year. .

Month.

.............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,040 

820

890 

3,120 

3,120 

960 

720 

855

3,120

Minimum.

470 

490

585 

490 

490 

'450 

490 

490

Mean.

629 

654 

515 

522 

470 

1,190 

687 

949 

1,060 

~ 542 

591 

708

711

Per 

square 

mile.

0.572 

.595 

.468 

.475 

.427 

1.08 

.625 

.863 

.964 

.493 

.537 

.644

.646

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.66 

.66 

.54 

.55 

.44 

1.24 

.70 

.99 

1.08 

.57 

.62 

.72

8.77

1688° 21 WSP 475 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALJLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 28 N., R. 12 W., at highway bridge near Cedar Falls, Dunn 

County, 4£ miles above crossing of Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha 

Railway.

DRAINAGE AEEA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1909, to September 30, 3918.

GAGE. Staff gage fastened to bridge pier; read by John G. Wood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. No discharge measurements have been made at this 

station, which is maintained to determine fluctuation in stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and rocky, straight, and free from vegetation. Banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.15 feet March 19; 

minimum stage, 1.2 feet, 12 noon October 21.

1909-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 1-3, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded 0.0 foot at 5 p. m. March 11, 1917. Minimum stages are caused by' 

closing gates and wheels in dam above station.

REGULATION. The operation of storage reservoirs in the headwaters of the river (see 

"Regulation'' in station description for Red Cedar Rjver at Coif ax, Wis.), together 

with storage at power plant above gaging station, regulate the flow.

ACCURACY. -No measurements have been made, but stage-discharge relation believed permanent. Gage read twice daily to half-tenths. Considerable diurnal 

fluctuation is observed, so that mean daily gage heights does not represent the

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & 

Power Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17... ............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.4

2.65

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.05

2.6

2.55

2.65

2.65

2.95

2.55

1.8

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.65

2.55

2.4

1.55

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.45

2.45

1.85

2.6

2.55

2.65

Nov.

2.6

2.55

2.65

1 55

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.65

2.0

2.6

2.8

2.55

2.6

3.25

3.25

1.85

2.6

2.65

2.55

2.65

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.8

2.65

2.6

2.05

3.05

Dec.

2.7

1.55

2.65

2.65

2.5

2.65

2.45

2.55

1.7

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.65

2 7

2.0

2.25

2.65

2.65

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.85

1.9

2.5

2.0

3.45

3.1

3.2

3.25

1.9

2.6

Jan.

2.4

3.1

3.65

3.65

3.35

1.6

2.35

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.5

2.65

2.25

3.05

2.75

2.65

2.55

3.05

3.45

2.2

2.15

2.55

2.9

2.9

2.95

2.8

1.4

2.5

2.85

2.7

2.7

Feb.

2.8

2.7

1.4

2.6

2.75

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.7

1.4

2.55

2.9

2.65

2.6

2.7

2.75

1.4

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.35

1.4

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.35

Mar.

2.5

2.35

1.4

2.45

3.4

3.65

3.7

3.6

1.9

2.6

3.65

3.5

3.55

2.7

2.65

1.9

4.15

5.15

5.4

5.2

4.9

4.6

3.4

3.55

3.65

3.5

3.3

3.25

3.05

2.8

Apr.

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.25

3.15

3.15

2.9

3.3

3.65

3.0

2.85

2.85

2.7

1.8

2.85

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.75

2.55

1.9

2.65

2.75

May.

2.65

2.6

{2.6

2.6

1.9

2.5

2.6

2.75

3.2

3.55

2.9

2.5

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.65

1.95

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.95

3.25

2.6

3.05

4.35

4.6

4.6

4.45

1.25

June.

4.65

4.85

4.75

4.5

4.3

3.95

3.85

3.95

3.75

3.8

3.7

3.55

3.55

3.7

3.75

2.0

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.55

2.05

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.6

2.3

1.85

1.4

July.

2.55

2.6

2.05

1.4

2.45

2.5

1.4

' 2.55

2.6

2.45

2.55

2.15

2.45

2.25

2.4

2.75

2.45

2.5

2.4

2.45

1.9

2.35

2.45

2.25

2.6 ,

2.55

2.45

1.95

2.8

2.6

2.55

Aug.

2.6

2.6

2.35

1.75

2.15

2.55

2.65

2.6

3.35

2.55

2.35

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.6

2.65

2.6

1.4

2.6

2.4

2.65

2.35

2.4

2.45

1.8

2.45

3.7

2.55

2.7

2.8

2.4

Sept.

2.36

1.4

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.0

2.65

2.0

3.05

2.55

2.45

2.6

2.45

2.5

1.9

2.7

2.55

3.15

2.6

2.6

2.45

1.4

2.6

2.6

2.35

2.58

' 2.45

2.55

1.4

2.6
tJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN,

RED CEDAR RIVER AT MENOMOOTE, WIS.

67

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 28 N., K. 13 W., 900 feet below power house of Wisconsin 

& Minnesota Light & Power Co., Menomonie, Dunn Counjty, and 13 miles above 

confluence of Bed Cedar and Chippewa rivers. Wilson jCreek discharges from 

right into service reservoir, just above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,810 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; stale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. -June 16, 1907, to September 5, 1908; : May 9, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder installed May 9,1913, over a wooden 

well on right bank of river, 1 mile above site of old gage, which was attached to 

a highway bridge about 200 rods west of Chicago & North Western Railway station west of Menomonie; read from June 16, 1907, to September 5, 1908. No 

relation between datums of the two gages. Gage inspected by E. Kausrud.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, ab<t>ut I mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of heavy gravel; bed at measuring 

section sandy and liable to shift. Left bank at gage high and not subject to 

overflow; right bank of medium height and will be overflowed at flood stages; 

both banks high at measuring section and not subject to Overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, approximately 

6.05 feet March 20 (discharge, 7.570 second-feet); mininram stage, 1.65 feet at 

midnight July 22 (discharge, about 220 second-feet).

1907-8 and 1913-1918: Maximum discharge, 12.700 second-feet March, 31 and 

April 1, 1916; minimum discharge, 100 second-feet November 9, 1907.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation in stage at gage section is caused by 

operation of power plants of Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co. at Menomonie and Cedar Falls. (See "Regulation" in station description for Red Cedar 

River at Colfax, Wis.)

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of April, 1916, but 

has been fairly permanent since with ordinary conditions Of flow. Rating curve 

used well denned between 610 and 1,910 second-feet, and between 3,910 and 9,220 

second-feet. Curve extended outside these limits and approximate only. Waterstage recorder gave satisfactory results except for brief periods. Daily discharge 

records October 1 to September 30, except for brief periods;, obtained with Fuller 

discharge integrator. Records good except for periods when gage was notiin 

operation, for which they are only approximate. Ice does not affect the stagedischarge relation at this station, due to relatively warm water coming frdrai 

service reservoir. !

The following discharge measurement was made by T. G. BedfordGage height, 2.55 feet; discharge, 933 second-feet May 11,1918,
68 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis.,for tJie year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

2C

21.. ... ..... 

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

695

930

980

995

1,160

935

812

920

1,120

1,020

1,190

1,120

1,040

670

925

1,010

1,040

975

1,020

805

500

775

905

1.010

910

1,120

985

875

975

925

1,030

Nov.

1,030

1,010

1,040

700

770

935

970

1,090

1,090

1,040

615

715

1,000

835

935

1,120

1,420

815

720

880

885

935

930

940

915

1,090

1,070

945

785

1,100

Dec.

1,170

7VI

820

1,020

940

935

900

790

500

640

940

875

865

825

915

600

730

1,070

1,030

1,170

1,180

1,090

820

935

695

725

1,070

1,030

1,110

725

Jan.

635

1,080

1,140

1,210

990

535

510

560

620

840

820

1,220

690

870

1,010

1,060

1,030

1,140

1,080

1,020

940

870

1,120

1,120

1,120

490

520

930

1,160

1,160

Feb.

1,100

930

550

630

1,010

1,160

950

1,160

1,120

530

775

965

1,110

970

1,120

1,160

610

800

1,080

1,080

1,100

840

855

470

715

840

1,060

875

Mar.

845

890

900

1,000

1,390

2,150

1,730

1,760

1,580

1,160

1,760

1,020

1,780

1,730

1,370

985

900

2,320

4,600

6,970

5,950

4,890

3,120

2,700

1,720

1,560

1,570

1,390

1,290

1,240

850

Apr.

1,260

1,250

1,030

1,130

1,020

1,000

685

1,180

1,160

1,040

1,010

1,090

950

515

1,320

1,330

1,410

1,160

650

865

540

760

890

880

740

745

770

450

935

1,160

May.

1,110

640

870

835

490

670

820

820

925

1,050

770

640

1,010

1,160

880

905

885

905

630

775

1,000

1,040

1,120

955

830

890

3,100

3,420

2,980

2,280

2, -190

June.

2.400

3,870

4,000

3,090

2,080

1,690

1,500

1,580

1,240

1,810

1,560

1,470

1,220

1,170

1,160

1,110

872

1,330

1,260

1,220

1,080

1,060

835

895

1,050

820

930

830

530

425

July.

460

690

550

470

535

575

480

565

630

625

740

735

500

455

600

705

770

705

700

760

605

1,210

785

730

935

635

960

735

825

1,090

1,040

Aug.

975

1,000

900

550

695

640

840

780

980

1,070

760

945

1,030

830

905

845

710

440

565

620

715

775

925

755

620

615

750

870

1,040

1,090

1,480

Sept.

1,100

770

735

970

1,120

995

990

855

585

850

1,050

870

825

820

505

850

880

1,020

1,240

1,290

1,180

670

870

1,030

950

1,070

1,030

1,010

785

605

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,810 square miles.]

Month.

November............................ . .

April..........................................

May.... .......................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,190 

1,420 

1,180 

1,220 

1,160 

6,970 

1,410 

3,420 

4,000 

1,210 

1,480 

1,290

6,970

Minimum.

500 

615 

500 

490 

470 

845 

450 

490 

425 

455 

440 

505

425

Mean.

947 

944 

893 

916 

913 

2,040 

964 

1,190 

'1,470 

703 

830 

917

1,060

Per

square 

mile.

0.523 

.522 

.493 

.506 

.504 

1.13 

.533 

.657 

.812 

.388 

.459 

.507

.586

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.60 

,58 

.57 

.58 

.52 

1.30 

.59 

.76 

.91 

.45 

.53 

.57

7.96

TREMPEALEAU RIVER AT DODGE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 11, T. 19 N., R. 10 W., at highway bridge in Dodge, Trempealeau

County, 9 miles above mouth of river. 

DKAINAGE AKBA. 633 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 13, 1913, to September 30, 1918. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by F. E. Shappee

and M. W. MacDonald.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; likely to shift. Banks of medium

height and, may be overflowed during extreme floods.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN, 69

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.85 feet at 5 p. m. 

March 20 (discharge, roughly approximate, 3,360 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 105 second-feet, February 4 and 5.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 8.35 feet June 9, 1914 (discharge, 3,340 

second-feet); minimum discharge, about 105 second-feet, February 4-5, 1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No power plants above station have sufficient capacity to affect natural 

flow of river.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not. permanent. A rating curve, fairly well 

defined between 196 and 3,080 second-feet, was used October 1 to March 10, 

shifting-channel method used March 11 to September 30. Gage read twice daily 

to quarter-tenths, except on Sundays, April 14 to September 30. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except during 

period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for ice effect by means 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records, and except 

for days when no reading of gage was taken, for which the discharge was interpolated. Records fair.

Discharge "measurements of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 80

Jan. 146

15Vh ich

Made by 

T. G. Bedford..........

.....dc.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.52

2.38

3.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

206

146

249

Date.

Apr. 1

Sept. 4

Made fey 

1 

T. G.Bedford..........

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.03

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

416

211

« Made by wading 200 feet downstream from gage, 

b Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in. second-feet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.. .......... ..

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

196

220

220

220

220

220

220

186

220

232

270

296

296

283

257

270

270

296

309

309

296

270

309

296

309

426

426

426

374

348

322

Nov.

309

309

309

296

283

283

270

257

283

283

270

244

270

270

257

257

257

244

244

270

257

244

244

244

244

220

244

244

220

232

Dec.

257

257

220

196

190

180

175

170

160

155

145

135

155

170

170

170

170

170

170

215

205

205

205

165

165

155

150

155

155

150

150

Jan.

165

175

170

165

170

170

175

175

175

165

160

155

150

145

145

140

145

145

140

135

135

135

135

135

130

130

130

125

125

120

120

Feb.

115

110

110

105

105

110

110

115

115

120

125

130

140

190

250

260

285

310

335

360

385

410

435

460

510

615

825

1,010

Mar.

980

980

980

1,040

1,090

1,060

875

695

615

565

537

603

747

890

982

942

903

1,160

2,660

3,280

2,910

2,260

1,520

1,090

773

642

616

537

511

459

433

Apr.

420

408

333

358

358

333

358

358

358

333

320

296

296

284

272

296

272

296

320

333

308

284

260

260

236

236

213

236

260

296

May.

272

248

224

202

202

202

136

383

433

511

447

383

308

308

260

284

320

296

272

296

320

446

396

420

V 800

1,180

1,120

1,010

773

642

June.

i 747

682

616

485

433

420

396

370

1,050

1,730

2,980

2,400

1,580

864

616

1 682

! 747

1 459

433

! 408

383

358

352

346

320

320

; 296

, 272

1 260

266

July.

272

296

320

358

308

272

266

260

248

236.

224

213

202

213

224

272

272

248

224

202

208

213

236

202

224

213

202

237

272

248

236

Aug.

224

236

260

248

236

224

236

248

260

248

254

260

272

296

272

248

236

230

224

202

236

272

284

284

266

248

224

224

202

191

181

Sept.

197

213

224

22i

213

191

181

109

202

224

236

248

248

213

213

213

225

248

9dK

236

213

213

213

213

202

191

181

176

171

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 5 to Mar. 10. Gage not read Apr. 14, 21,28, May 5. 

12,19,26, June 2, 9,16,23, 30, July 6,13,21,28, Aug. 4,11,18,25, Sept. 1,8,15,22,29; discharge interpolated.
70 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V,

Monthly discharge of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 633 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

426 

309 

257 

175 

1.010 

3,280 

420 

1,180 

2,980 

358 

296 

248

3,280

Minimum.

1 186 

220 

135 

120 

105 

433 

213 

136 

260 

202 

181 

171

105

Mean.

284 

262 

177 

148 

291 

1,080 

306 

429 

709 

246 

243 

211

366

Per 

square 

mile.

0.449 

.414 

.280 

.234 

.460 

1.71 

.483 

.678 

1.12 

.389 

.384 

.333

.578

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.52

.46 

.32 

.27 

.48 

1.97 

.54 

.78 

1.25 

.45 

.44 

.37

7.85

BLACK RIVER AT UEILLSVILLE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 24 N., R. 2 W., at lower highway bridge in Neillsville, 

Clark County. O 'Nell Creek enters from left 1 mile above gage and Cunningham 

Creek, also from left, 1$ miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 774 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 7, 1905, to March 31, 1909; December 11, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read by A. Biasell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, or by wading in 

vicinity of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; control at head 

of rapids, a few hundred feet below gage. Banks high and rocky; will not be 

overflowed at gage section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.45 feet at 5 p. m. 

May 26 (discharge, 9,060 second-feet). An estimate of 5 second-feet for minimum 

discharge may be considerably in error, but discharge must have been low, as 

shown by flow of 7 second-feet measured January 15, 1918. Station records of 

Hatfield power station, Wisconsin Railway, Light & Power Co., show that with 

gates closed and no generation, pond did not raise until February 28.

1905-1909 and 1913-1918': Maximum stage recorded, 19.8 feet June 6, 1905 

(discharge, approximately 29,400 second-feet). It is probable that the maximum 

discharge, which occurred October 6,1911, exceeded 29,000 second-feet, although 

data are not available regarding the stage at the gage section during this flood; 

minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 2.4 feet October 9, 1905 (discharge, approximately 20 second-feet); an estimated minimum discharge of 5 

second-feet during frozen period, February, 1918.

REGULATION. Several dams on Black River and its tributaries upstream from Neillsville are used to create a head for developing power. The operation of these 

plants causes a diurnal fluctuation at the gage, especially during the winter, when 

the flow is at a minimum.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined 48 to 14,300 second-feet, fairly well denned below 48 

second-feet, and extended above 14,300 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to 

quarteivtenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table, except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected
MISSISSIPPI BIVBIE BASIN), n

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements!, observer '& notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records good, except at extremely low stages, for 

which they are fair; winter records fair.

The following discharge measurement was made through a pomplete ice cover by 

T.G.Bedford: ! 

January 15,1918: gage height, 3.66 feet; discharge, 7.4 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Neilkvilk, ~$is., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918. !

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

S..... .........

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

. 87

83

83

78

69

86

69

65

70

84

90

112

116

147

157

142

144

170

296

560

485

416

395

296

257

074

560

770

710

510

tu

Nov.

334

296

244

244

228

244

260

244

241

201

192

165

100

130

139

147

132

122

118

118

125

110

104

102

87

108

110

94 116-

90

Dec.

116

122

86

J08

118

110

S4

48

38

25

Jan.

> 10

Feb.

5

'

Mar.

355

1 

' 930

1,720

2 iftft

1,430

1,220

1,150

Apr.

1,220

1,080

950

770

660

560

710

1,080

890

710

585

1,150

438

874

374

395

485

710

1,290

1,150

1,010

890

770 fifin

510

416

374

560

1,220

1,570

May.

1,290

1,010

770

585

485

416 374

395

890

3,260

2,360

1,720

1,220

830

635

486

416

374 30 *;

460

460

1,430

1,500

1,150

1^570

7,620

7,620

7,280

6,120 ^ 7on

4 

' 290

June.

6,280

6,640

8 680

12,560

1,720

1,800

5,800 MTO

{3,560

1,430

' 950

610

460

1 334

1 260

! 116

65

97

i 100

73

, 78

I 81

1 7fl

76

! 71

' 48

I 45

1 42

, 41

, 132

July.

49

42

40

44

60

52

47

54

49

44

43

43

41

43

45

67

49

45

43

44

42

42

38

42

40

37

37

41

vt

38

45

Aug.

57

57

49

43

38

37

42

58

73

69

167

201

176

228

187

130

98

73

58

57

53

64

94

87

213

173

122

118

90

83

83

Sept.

97

94

84

71

63

76

57

40

41

42

53

53

43

43

56

40

46

46

47

90

IflS

225

144

144

165

, 100

92

84

87

76

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by iee Nov. 23-28, Dec. 0 to Apr. 1.

Monthly discharge of Blade River at Neillsmlle, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918, 

[Drainage area, 774 square miles.]

Month.

December.....................................

January.............................. .......

February .....................................

March............................ . . ..... ..

April..........................................

May...........................................

June........................... . . ...

Julv.............................. .. .......

August........................... .........

September......................./............

The year.... ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

770 

334 

122

2,160

1,570 

7,620 

6,280 

60 

228 

225

7,620

Minimum.

66 

87

374 

374 

41 

37 

37 

40

40

M^aa.

253 

165 

44 

10 

5 

1,100 

785 

1,970 

1,090 

44 

99 

83

475

Per 

square

mile.

0.327 

.213 

.057 

.013 

.006 

1.42 

1.01 

2.55 

1.41 

.057 

.128 

.107

.614

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.38 

.24 

.07 

.01 

.01 

1.64 

1.13 

2.94 

1.57 

.07 

.15 

.12

8.33
72 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

LA CROSSE RIVER NEAR WEST SALEM, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 32, T. 17 N., R. 6 W., La Crosse County, at highway bridge 2 miles 

west of West Salem and 10 miles above mouth of river. Dutch Creek enters 

from right 6 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 412 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock and free from vegetation. Right bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank above the gage 

low, and subject to overflow at flood stages. Control for low stages a rocky riffle 

with a fall of about 6 inches; is apparently drowned out at a stage of about 2.2 

feet on gage as shown by a reversal in the rating curve.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.8 feet, at 7 a. 

m., March 14 (discharge, 2,480 second-feet); minimum discharge about 125 secondfeet, December 30.

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 7.4 feet at 5 p. m. March 24, 1917 (discharge, approximately 2,850 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 130 secondfeet November 17, 1914, minimum discharge during frozen period, about 125 

second-feet, December 30, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation at gage amounting at low stages to from 0.10 

to 0.40 foot, is caused by the operation of power plants, especially the Neshonock 

dam a few miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 181 and 2,300 second-feet. Gage read twice daily 

to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except for low 

stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 7«

Jan. 136

Feb. 146

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore... .......

T. G.Bedford.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.38

1.68

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

210

152

363

Date.

Mar. 30

Sept. 5"

Made by 

T.G.Bedford.........

W. G. Hoyt... ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.72

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

334

196

« Made by wading, 1,500 feet downstream from gage. 

6 Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. 

c Made by wading, 500 feet downstream from gage.
ITPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25;.............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

241

230

248

248

234

216

209

241

248

244

248

288

288

244

268

248

268

308

268

9AH

244

248

248

288

328

328

371

328

371

328

308

Nov.

308

308

308

288

328

328

308

248

196

268

268

268

288

268

268

268

268

244

268

268

268

268

268

268

248

268

268

268

248

248

Dec.

248

234

244

248

248

2i>0

245

240

240

236

230

225

220

215

210

160

205

1Qfl

195

ocfl

240

260

185

240

286

160

14A

140

160

125

145

Jan.

156

165

160

180

175

150

215

250

250

215

226

225

175

245

235

226

235

210

185

155

205

210

235

236

240

225

140

210

250

. 255

9A ^

Teb.

24i>

235

165

235

240

245

245

236

205

170

210

250

330

305

416

370

330

290

270

250

270

290

290

460

805

1,000

1,190

1,120

Mar.

1,030

1,060

1,120

1,160

1,060

945

7oO

640

560

550

528

889

1,750

2,240

1,750

889

1,310

2,300

2,060

1,360

1,090

889

715

561

461

416

394

350

360

350

350

Apr.

328

350

360

328

308

328

350

371

328

308

308

308

288

268

288

288

308

328

328

308

308

328

328

308

288

288

268

268

288

328

May.

308

268

268

248

248

248

268

308

308

573

715

678

416

328

328

328

308

394

416

668

651

573

561

438

371

328

371

628

551

461

416

June.

573

506

416

394

360

371

328

308

506

807

1,060

835

606

416

371

350

308

308

328

308

308

308

288

288

416

484

350

328

360

328

July.

394

371

371

371

506

616

484

350

328

308

308

288

268

268

308

308

308

268

288

288

268

268

288

308

328

328

308

288

328

308

288

Aug.

268

268

268

241

288

268

268

506

638

528

328

350

328

288

288

288

328

288

288

268

248

248

288

248

241

248

230

226

244

248

244

Sept.

226

230

244

268

230

241

226

248

219

248

308

308

288

248

244

230

244

268

288

288

288

248

226

241

226

212

244

230

216

234

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 10.

Monthly discharge, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 412 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

371 

328 

250 

255 

1,190 

2,300 

371 

715 

1,060 

616 

638 

308

2,300

Minimum.

209 

196 

125 

140 

155 

350 

268 

248 

288 

268 

226 

212

125

Mean.

272 

273 

209 

209 

383 

962 

312 

411 

427 

332 

300 

249

362

Per 

square 

mile.

0.660 

.663 

.507 

.507 

.930 

2.33 

.757 

.998 

 1.04 

.806 

.728 

.604

.879

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches).

0.76 

.74 

.58 

.58 

.97 

2.69 

.84 

1.15 

1.16 

.93 

.84 

.67

11.91
74 SUKFACB WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 8 E., Lincoln County, at head of Whirlpool Rapids, 

1 mile below mouth of outlet of Crescent Lake, which comes in from right, 3 miles 

downstream from power station of Rhinelander Power Co., and 10 miles southwest of Rhinelander.

PRAINAGE AREA. 1,160 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15,1915, to September 30,1918; December 1,1905, 

to September 30,1915, records were collected at a station about 3 miles upstream.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder, on right bank in wooden shelter, attended by 

C. W. Jewell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 150 feet upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of heavy gravel and rock. Banks 

medium high and not subject to overflow. Control is head of rapids, 100 feet 

downstream from gage; well defined and permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.2 feet at 11 p. m. 

June 1 (discharge, 3,030 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.65 feet at 8 p. m. 

July 7 (discharge, 165 second-feet).

1905-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.61 feet at 10 p. m. April 22, 1916 (discharge, 5,250 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, at old station, 0.0 foot 

during August and September, 1907, and June, 1908. The minimum flows are 

caused almost entirely by regulation; at the location of new station the discharge 

will never be zero. Minimum discharge at new location 1915-1918,0.65 foot 8 p. m. 

July 7, 1918 (discharge, 165 second-feet).

REGULATION. Above the station are 14 reservoirs 5 which are operated by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for the purpose of regulating the flow in Wisconsin 

River. The aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is 2.8 billion cubic feet during 

the summer and 3.6 billion cubic feet during the winter. Owing to the operation 

of these various storage reservoirs and the service reservoirs of three power plants 

on the river above, the flow at the station is not natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 212 and 5,410 second-feet. Recording gage not in 

operation December 10 to March 28 and September 10-15. Daily discharge 

ascertained by use of discharge integrator except during periods when stagedischarge relation was affected by ice or recording gage was not in operation, for 

which it was obtained from gage readings and discharge measurements at Hat 

Rapids, weather records, and comparison of flow of Tomahawk River near Bradley 

and Wisconsin River at Merrill. Open water records excellent, except for periods 

when recording gage was not in operation, for which they are fair; winter records 

possibly, poor.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis,, 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Tan "ida,

Feb. 18o

Made by 

L.L. Smith... .........

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

62.76

63.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

476

SOS

Date. Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,110

a Measurement made at highway bridge below Hat Rapids power plant; nearly complete ice cover. 

& Chain gage reading at Hat Rapids Bridge.

B Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by A. A. Babcock, manager 

of the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and data collected by the engineering department of the Bailroad Commission of Wisconsin, is contained in Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 127.
TOPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis,,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

550

990

820

690

660

750

520

620

740

570

*un

590

834

631

830

718

747

762

914

1,040

712

746

1,080

801

812

627

811

611

741

726

670

Nov.

604

570

571

766

601

740

74O

669

760

680

566 firu

Sfu.

788

738

7>W

842

723

653

691

712

734

755

727

380

575

633

612

622

Dec.

flon

isa

649

773

777

fUl

607

922

807

750

Jan.

1 650

Feb.

720

Mar.

1,020

1,420

1,260 1 ion

Apr.

1 040

1^060

1,050

922

846

720

624

903

1,080

904

QAA

754

679

426

542

720

756

822

982

1,070

697

985

1,130

924

823

770

747

584

892

1,220

May.

Qfi1

915

916

923

706

768

962

912

1,150

1,200

1,240

887

1,000

1,160

1,080

1,130

1,110

1,260

786

980

1,280

1,230

1 280

1 280

1*460

1,380

1,920

2,360

2,300

2,310

2,500

June.

2,650

2,680

2,640

2,520

2,420

2,380

2,340

2,300

1,900

2,120

1 74fl

1,580

1,350

1,340

1,300

812

780

990

892

901

898

852

526

590

795

814

810

800

792

526

July.

652

832

770

292

376

916

530

876

1,160

1 060

1,020

977

868

522

628

878

729

392

392

588

386

546

810

769

796

883

860

450

653

844

fiftrt

Aug.

7QA

518

458

328

022

948

1,100

1 450

1,520

1,820

1,120

1,880

1,740

l'460

1,270

1,140

729

766

986

828

1,120

1,320

1,540

998

1,22»

1,340

1,320

1,280

1,280

1,220

Sept.

810

560

1,030

1,140

1,090

1,240

489

426

724

1,000

420

782

899

1,080

1,140

1,080

1,240

477

800

791

866

1,020

922

940

520

666

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 28. Becording gage not in operation 

Dee. 10 to Mar. 23 and Sept. 10-15: discharge estimated by comparison of flow of Tomahawk River near 

Bradley, and Wisconsin River at Merrill, and from gage heights at Hat Eaplds, and two discharge measurements made at Hat Rapids.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wia. 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918.

{Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.)

Month.

January.,

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

September

The year. ...............................

D

Maximum.

1,080

842

1,220

2,500

2,680

1,160

1,880

1,240

ischarge if. si

Minimum.

520

380

426

706

526

292

328

scond-feet.

Mean.

737

671

737

650

720

1,050

849

1,270

1,430

718

1,150

870

906

Per 

square 

mile.

0.635

.578

.635

.560

A<>1

.905

.732

1.09

1.23

.619

.991

.750,

.781

(depth in 

inches).

0.73

.64

.73

.65

.65

1 04

.82

1.26

1.37

.71

1.14

Si

10.58
*76 SXJBFACE WATER StTPPLY, 1918, PAST V.

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at east end of Merrill, Lincoln County, 1,000 feet 

below power house of Merrill plant of Wisconsin Valley Lighting Co. and half a 

mile below mouth of Prairie River, coming in from left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,630 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1902, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1914; November 17,

1902. to June 17, 1903, staff gage; June 17, 1903, to September 10, 1914, chain 

gage attached to downstream side of highway bridge; datum same since June 17,

1903. Records prior to June 17, 1903, questionable.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge a few feet upstream from 

recording gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; nearly permanent. 

Small island below gage and small rapids on either side probably constitute control. Both banks fairly high and are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 9 a. m. 

May 28 (discharge, 13,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 6 

a. m. July 23 (discharge, approximately 450 second-feet).

1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 17.5 feet at 5 a. m. July 

24, 1912 (discharge, 45,000 second-feet). During the preceding 24 hours 11.25 

inches of rain fell in the vicinity of Merrill. According to C. B. Stewart, consulting engineer, Madison, the run-off of the 700 square miles between Merrill and 

Tomahawk was at the rate of 65 second-feet per square mile. If the estimate is 

extended to the entire area above Merrill the flow was 17 second-feet per square 

mile. Minimum stage recorded for the period, 2.7 feet, July 7, 1910 (discharge, 

approximately 389 second-feet).

REGULATION. Above the gaging station are 17 reservoirs,6 which are operated by 

the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for the purpose of regulating the flow in 

the Wisconsin River. The aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is about 6J billion cubic feet. In addition to the above reservoirs there are on Wisconsin and 

Tomahawk rivers above the station eight dams operated for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve fairly 

well defined between 1,600 and 19,400 second-feet. Water-stage recorder gave 

satisfactory results throughout the year. Daily discharge determined by means 

of Fuller discharge integrator. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 15o

June 12

Made by 

L.L. Smith.. ....................... .....................................

.....do....................................................................

T.G.Bedford............................................................

height.

Feet. 

4.76

5.21

5.27

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

1,300

1,470

2,290

0 Made from ice and bridge at bridge section; incomplete ice cover at control.

 Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by the manager of the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and data collected by the engineering department of the Wisconsin Bailroad Commission, is contained in Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 127.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEK BASIN. 77

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day

1... ...........

2..............

3.............. 4.:............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,680

1,450

1,470

1,830

1,540

1,540

1,770

1,580

1,640

1,540

1,620

1,830

1,700

1,750

1,220

1,900

2,000

2,480

2,400

3,100

2,400

2,150

2,610

2,080

2,120

2,360

2,300

2,330

1 660

1,810

1,780

Nov.

2,040

1,720

1,800

1,660

1,410

1,970

1,930

1,880

1,910

2,050

1,710

1,320

1,580

1,740

1,960

1,710

1,900

1,720

1,280

1,670

1 740

l'920

1,600

1,740

1,540

1,220

1,550

I

KflA

1,450

Dec.

1,360

1,460

1,220

1,150

1,470

1,340

1,470

1,410

1,240

1,040

1,320

1,320

1,170

1,100

1,420

1,520

1,630

1,700

1,810

1,460

1,200

1,200

1,090

1,180

1,280

1,540

1,420

1,120

930

1,250

1,280

Jan.

1,420

1,300

1,350

1,340

1,280

1,500

1,250

1,340

1,300

1,280

1,320

1,350

1,390

1,280

1,320

1,500

1 360

1^250

1,140

1,200

1,270

1,340

1,260

1,220

1,100

1,200

1,260

1,240

1,480

1,440

1,580.

Feb.

1,400

1,660

1,490

1,420

1,580

1,680

1,650

1,540

1,560

1,510

1,400

1,360

1,460

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,330

1,290

1,410

1,610

1,520

1,520

1,580

1,590

1,640

1,660

1,600

1,610

Mar.

1,630

1,640

1,640

1,730

1,370

1,540

1,420

1,400

1,400

1,420

1,450

1,330

1,300

1,340

1,280

1,280

1,340

1,660

2,130

3,240

3,880

4,830

5,080

5,320

5,000

5,620

5,360

5,260

5,180

4,940

4,910

Apr.

4,780

4,610

3,970

3,800

3,400

3,320

3,760

2,900

3,140

3,010

2,740

2,540

2,540

2,170

1,860

2,180

2,600

3,010

2,880

2,890

2,600

2,220

2,720

2,420

2,330

2,190

2,160

2,470

9 R4O

4,020

May.

3,900

3,080

2,960

2,520

2,580

2,260

2,650

2,660

3,660

4,290

4,910

5,540

3,570

3,680

3,000

2,900

3,120

3,370

3,240

2,760

3,030

3,940

3,840

3,750

4,510

7,270

10,500

12,900

U dfin

9,880

10,100

June.

11,200

11,600

10,200

8,120

6,750

6,480

5,880

5,380

4,920

3,830

4,240

3,200

2,860

2,490

2,300

2,360

1,720

1,600

1,980

1,600

1,730

1,660

1,730

1,180

1,460

1,590

1,680

1,580

1,600

1,870

July.

1,640

1,710

1,940

1,500

1,920

2.060

1,660

1,540

1,840

1,900

1,900

1,680

1,800

1,600

1,840

1,540

1,570

1,520

1,520

1,430

1,300

655

1,480

1,360

1,360

1,460

1,450

1,790

1,820

1,640

1,800

Aug.

1,580

1,540

1,810

1,420

1,190

1,500

2,220

3,980

4,520

4,780

4,600

3,170

3,940

8,300

2,780

2,700

2,340

2,200

1,990

1,790

1,790

2,530

3,930

4,520

4,460

3,020

2,610

2,780

2,680

2,860

2,900

Sept.

2,740

2,380

2,400

2,010

2,710

2,360

2,480

2,170

1,870

2,070

2,320

2,640

2,390

2,500

2,730

1,580

2,490

2,560

2,610

2,570

2,540

2,500

1,820

1,920

1,960

1,980

1,860

1,840

1,900

1,690

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 9 to Mar. 24. 

20 and 21 based on gage heights for less than 24-hour period.

Discharge for May 10,11, and Sept.

Monthly discharge, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the, year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 2,630 square miles.]

Month.

October. .......................;..............

January. ......................................

March

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,100 

2,050 

1,810 

1,580 

1,680 

5,620 

4,780 

12,900 

11,600 

2,060 

4,780 

2,740

12,900

Minimum.

1,220 

1,220 

930 

1,100 

1,290 

1,280 

1 860 

2,260 

1,180 

655 

1,190 

l,5St>

655

Mean.

1,920 

1,690 

1,330 

1,320 

1,520 

2,800 

2,930 

4,770 

3,830 

1,620 

2,820 

2,250

2,400

Per

square 

mile.

0.730 

.643 

.506 

.502 

.578 

1.06 

1.11 

1.81 

1.46 

.616 

1.07 

.856

.913

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.84 

.72 

.58 

.58 

.60 

1.22 

1.24 

2.09 

1.63 

.71 

1.23 

.96

12.40

WISCONSIN RIVER AT NEKOOSA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 21 N., B. 5 E., 1J miles below Nekposa, Wood County. 

Tenmile Creek enters from left 4 miles below station, and Big Roche a Cri Creek, 

also from left, 38 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,500 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21,1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed July 18, 1916, in wooden shelter on 

right bank; prior to that date Gurley water-stage recorder at same location. Gage 

attended by Henry Mans.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

DISCHAKGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable a short distance above gage house.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; clean; practically permanent. 

Banks high and will be rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 12.22 feet at 2 a. m. May 

30 (discharge, 34,000 second-feet); minimum stage, effective gage height, 0.82 

foot 12 noon July 23, (discharge, 1,060 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage, approximately 15.3 feet during the flood of June 

6 to 9, 1914, as determined by levels run to high-water marks after water had 

receded (discharge, approximately 54,600 second-feet); minimum discharge 

recorded 0.45 foot at 11 a. m. October 7,1915 (discharge, 595 second-feet); minimum flow is due to regulation.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No storage reservoirs discharging into the Wisconsin River between 

Nekoosa and Merrill. See "Regulation" in station description of Wisconsin 

River at Merrill (p. 76). Between Nekoosa and Merrill are 12 dams operated 

for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 1,160 and 52,100 second-feet. Operation 

of recording gage satisfactory except June 20-22. Daily discharge ascertained by 

use of discharge integrator. Open-water records excellent; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Nekoosa, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Jan. 8"

Feb. 12o

Made by 

L.L. Smith..... .........................................................

.....do...................................................................

T.G.Bedford............................................................

Gage

Feet.

2.78

3.25

3.00

Discharge.

See.-Jt. 

1,410

1,540

4,580

a Complete ice cover at gage and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Nelwosa, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7.......... 

8..........

9.:........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29.......... 

30.......... 

31..........

Oct.

2,720

2,110

1,950

2,350

2,560

2,610

2,280 

2,790

2,400

2,800 

2,380

2,730

2,880

2,760

2,820

1,980

2,680

2,800

3,080

4,020

4)480

4,560

4,540

3,680

3,710

3,900

3,810

4,740

4,980 

5,400 

4,260

Nov.

3,400

3,280

3,400

4,040

3,540

3,380

2,780 

2,320

2,440

3,170 

3,520

2,820

3,840

3,230

3,000

2,840

2,640

3,070

2,560

2,380

2,840

2,700

2,450

3,110

2,800

2,360

1,980

3,240

2,420 

2,400

Dec.

2,320

2,220

2,260

1,960

2,040

2,160

2,460 

4,400

3,900

3,390 

2,880

2,380

2,260

2,400

2,460

2,380

2,480

1,720

1,400

1,380

1,420

1,700

1,680

2,150

1,350

1,880

2,400

2,520

2,170 

2,340

2,660

Jan.

1,780

1,960

2,060

1,990

2,180

1,730

2,460 

1,630

1,620

1,870 

2,210

2,380

2,180

2,810

1,940

1,890

2,690

2,240

3,020

2,480

1,950

1,670

2,260

2,860

2,250

2,690

2,640

3,220

2,930 

1,720 

2,160

Feb.

2,680

2,900

2,410

2,480

2,380

1 Qsn

1,940 

1,890

1,840

1,800 

2,380

2,160

1,400

1,900

2,660

2,740

2,410

2,050

1,730

1,440

1,830

2,160

2,500

2,360

2,350

1,790

1,630

1,910

Mar.

2,270

2,550

2,160

2,120

2,300

2,620

3,300 

3,540

4,930

4,770 

5,420

3,310

3,860

4,580

4,080

4,540

4,960

5,320

6,930

12,600

14,300

14,900

16,500

19,600

20,500

20,000

15,600

12,800

11,200 

10,600 

10,400

Apr.

10,600

9,710

9,300

8,860

7,620

6,520

5,980 

6,000

7,100

5,880 

6,070

5,620

4,830

5,180

4,060

4,860

4,250

3,680

5,320

6,810

5,870

5,970

6,380

5,600

5,580

4,820

4 fM\

4,290

5,180 

7,600

May.

9,560

9,480

7,080

6,510

5,720

4,820

5,090 

4,800

5,200

9,500 

15,000

17,900

14,700

11,600

7,860

7,640

6,280

6,120

6,490

6,910

7,220

7,360

9,480

10,300

11,300

12,700

20,000

30,200

33,200 

32,100 

26,800

June.

23,800

23,700

25,000

22,600

17,400

13, 700

12,300 

12,800

12,000

10,600

8,480

7,860

7,110

5,420

4,920

4,480

4,540

3,560

3,520

3,430

3,340

3,250

3,160

2,080

1,770

2,740

2,940

2,490

2,510 

2,630

July.

2,960

1,880

2,890

2,740

2,800

2,310

2,320 

3,390

2,400

3,060 

2,480

3,020

2,610

2,300

2,790

2,730

2,600

2,680

2,530

2,580

2,580

2,000

1,260

2,700

2,340

2,440

2,340

2,080

2,540 

2,600 

4,070

Aug.

3,040

2,840

2,780

2,750

2,760

2,060

2,820 

3,600

2,770

5,370 

5,640

6,520

6,180

5,580

4,460

4,520

4,420

3,520

3,560

2,620

3,160

3,120

2,800

3,480

5,180

5,760

4,960

4,320

3,840 

4,530 

3,540

Sept.

3,240

3,720

3,960

3,760

3,210

3,010

3,020 

4,120

2,980

2,260 

3,240

3,040

3,130

3,490

3,920

3,080

3,680

3,360

2,700

3,070

3,610

3,390

3,560

3,340

3,610

2,960

2,730

2,660

2,560 

2,540

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 9 to Mar, 19. Gage not operating satisfactorily 

Jane 20-22; discharge interpolated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 79

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Nekoosa, Wis. tfor the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 5,500 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May......... ..................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,400 

4,540 

4,400 

3'2f5 

2,900 

20,500 

10,600 

33,200 

25,000 

4,070 

6,520 

4,120

33,200

Minimum.

1,950

1,980 

1,350 

1,620 

1,400 

2,120 

3,680 

4,800 

1.770 

1,260 

2,060 

2,260

1,350

Mean.

3,250 

2,970 

2,290 

2,240 

2,130 

8,150 

6,140 

11,900 

8,470 

2,580 

3,950 

3,230

. 4,790

Per

square 

mile.

0.591 

.540 

.416 

.407 

.387 

1.18 

1.12 

2.16 

1.54 

.469 

.718 

.687

.871

Runoff 

(depth in 

inches).

0.68 

.60 

.48 

.47 

.40 

1.71 

1.25 

2.49 

1.72 

.54 

.83 

.65

11.82

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MtTSCODA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 1 W., at highway bridge 1 mile north of Muscoda, 

Grant County. Eagle Mill Creek enters from right half a mile below station and 

Underwood Creek from left,, 4£ miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 10,300 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 21,1902, to December 31,1903; December 4,1913, 

to September 30, 1918. Gage heights November 1, 1908, to December 31,1912, 

published in United States Weather Bureau bulletin, Daily Bivef Stages, parts 

9,10, and 11.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to hand railing on upstream s»de of bridge; read by William Hessler. Elevation of zero of present gage approximately 12.62 feet above 

that of gage maintained December 20, 1902, to December 3, 1913, elevation of 

gage during period November, 1908J to December 3,1913, as read and published 

by United States Weather Bureau was approximately the same as that of present 

gage, sea-level elevation of which is approximately 666.2 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.04 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 4 (discharge, about 40,300second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated 2,000 

second-feet, February 11; water apparently held in service reservoir of Prairie du 

Sac dam.

1903 and 1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 22.70 feet September 23, 1903, 

corresponding to 10.1 feet for present gage datum (discharge, about 60,500 secondfeet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.7 foot at 5 p. m. December 2,1914, 

and July 24, 1915 (discharge, approximately 3,140 second-feet); estimated discharge of 2,000 second-feet, under frozen conditions, February 11,1918; water 

apparently held in service reservoir of Prairie du Sac dam.

According to the records of the United States Weather Bureau 7 (see note under 

"Gage ") on June 11,1881, the river reached a stage of 11.1 feet and during August, 

1868, zero on gage; disehargb not computed owing to possible changes in channel 

and datum of gage.

REGULATION. Nearest power plant above station is at Prairie du Sac, about 40 miles 

distant; since the latter part qf 1915 considerable diurnal fluctuation has been 

observed at the gage. Owing to regulation by storage in headwaters, the flow at 

this station is not natural.

7 Daily river stages, pt. 10, p. 98.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

1918; the first, October 1 to March 23, is fairly well defined between 4,230 and 

15,900 second-feet; poorly defined outside these limits; the second, March 24 to 

September 30, is fairly well defined between 4,500 and 13,700 second-feet; poorly 

defined outside these limits. Gage read twice a day to quarter-tenths. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good, except during extreme high and low stages, for which 

they are fair; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 12o

Made by &L

Feet.

2 79

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

3,550

2,870

Date.

Apr 2

Made by 

T.G.Bedford.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.73

1.67

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

1? ^ino,

5,200

o Complete ice cover at control and measuring section,-

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1........

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........ 

14........ 

15........

16........

17........

18........

!&.. ......

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........ 

31........

Oct.

4,450

4,690

4,940

5,200

5,200

4,690

4,940

4,940

4,940

5,480

5,200

4,940 

5,200 

4,690

5,480

5,760

6,380

6,380

5,480

5,480

4,690

6,060

6,700

6,700

7,400

7 inn

8,900

7,400

9,300 

9,700

Nov.

7,760

8,140

10,100

7,760

6,060

8,900

8,520

7,760

8,140

7,400

7,400

6,060

7,040 

.7,400 

7,400

7 040

6*700

6,700

5,480

6,380

6,700

7 040

6)380

6,060

5,760

5,200

6,060

6,380

6,380

5,760

Dec.

6,380

6,380

6,480

6,380

6,380

fi ssn

4

QAf\

4,750

4,630

4,570

i Mn

4,450 

4,400 

4,360

4,300

4,220

4,170

4 1 ttf\

4,070

4,000

3,950

3,910

3,870

3,820

3,780

3,740

3,710

3,650

3,600 

3,560

Jan.

3,560

3,530

3,500

3,470

3,450

3,470

3,500

3,520

3,540

3,560

3,380

3,140

3,320 

3,280 

3,410

3

cnn

3,450

1 S9O

3,140

3,000

9 ftftfl

3 140

3,160

3,190

3,410

3,000

S

Efirt

9 Oftft

3,380

3,410 

3,560

Feb.

3,700

3,430

3,580

2 79fl

9 Q9A

3,320

3 430

3*430

3 ififi

3,380

2,000

2,860

3,160 

3,630 

3,820

3,520

3

fif\t\

V 19ft

2 7rtft

2,680

3,010

3 100

2

' QQA

3.080

4,220

7 dflft

U QrtA

13,000

Mar.

12,200

11 300

lllsOO

n qnn

19 fiflft

14,800

11 inn

14 400 lo'nnft

10,900

10,500

19 firm

14,800 

18,700 

20,300

OA QrtA

19 700

19! 200

10 7ftA

17,700

17,700 la 7im

19 700

2o! 200

21,900

24.800

29)300

26,200

27,700

30,100 

23,600

Apr.

16,300

IB qi vv

17,300

15,400

14,600

14,600

13,300

12,900

11,300

9,800

9,800

11,300 

10,900 

9,800

9 Sftfl

9,430

9,430

9,060

9,060

9,430

7,660

9,060

11,700

11,700

9,430

9,OfiO

10,200

9,800

10,600

May.

9,430

8,700

8,350

8,700

12,900

14,600

11,300

8,700

9,060

9,430

12,500

10,200

11,300 

13,700 

15,900

20,800

22,400

19 200

18,200

17,300

16,800

17,300

16,300

16,800

16,300

16,800

15,400

17,700

20,200

20,200 

21,300

June.

24,200

34,400

39,000

39,900

39,900

35,300

31,800

30,900

27, 700

22,400

19,200

17,300

17,300 

17,300 

12,500

12,900

13,700

12,100

10,200

9,060

9,430

9,060

8,000

7,320

8,000

7,660

7,660

6,310

5,980

5,650

July.

5,980

6,640

6,310

6,640

6,640

6,640

6,980

6,310

6,640

6,640

6,980

6,310

5,980 

5,980 

5,650

6,640

5,980

6,310

5,980

5,650

5,030

6,650

5,980

5,330

5,980

5,650

5,030

4,490

5,030 

5,030

Aug.

5,030

4,750

4,750

4,490

4,020

4,750

5,330

5 330

5,330

5,030

5,030

4,750

5,650 

5,330 

5,980

8,000

8,350

8,350

6,640

5,980

6,310

5,980

5,980

6,310

5,650

5,030

5,650

5,650

5,650

6,310 

6,310

Sept.

6,310

5,330

4,750

5,980

5,980

5,650

5,330

5,650

4,250

5,030

5,650

5,980

5,330 

5,330 

5,330

4,020

5,030

5,330

5,030

5,030

5,030

5,030

4,020

4,750

4,490

4,490

4,750

4,490

4,^50

4,490

NOTE. Stage discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 8 to Mar. 23.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 81

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1918. 

[Drainage area, 10,300 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,700 

10,100 

6,380 

3,560 

13,000 

30,100 

17,300 

22,400 

39,900 

6,980 

8,350 

6,310

39,900

Minimum.

4,450 

5,200 

3,560 

2,880 

2,000 

10,500 

9,060 

8,350 

5,650 

4,490 

4,020 

4,020

2,000

Mean.

5,910 

7,000 

4,550 

3,340 

4,010 

18,000 

11.400 

14,800 

18,100 

6,000 

5,730 

5,090

8,670

Per 

square 

mile.

0.574 

.680 

.442 

.324 

.389 

L75 

1.11 

1.44 

L76 

.583 

.556 

.494

.842

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.66 

.76 

.51 

.37 

.41 

2.02 

1.24 

1.66 

1.96 

.67 

.64 

.55

11.45

TOMAHAWK RIVER NEAR BRADLEY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 36 N., B. 6 E., 2 miles west of Cassion, 4 miles north of 

Bradley, Oneida County, 4 miles downstream from mouth of Bearskin Creek, 

which comes in from right, and 8 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 422 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 18, 1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm on right bank; read by Frank Sutherland.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage and a short distance below sandy and likely to 

shift; bed at cable section heavy gravel and permanent. Control is formed by 

rapids about 2,000 feet below the gage. When a head of 15 feet is maintained in 

Rice Lake storage dam, in sees. 4 and 9, T. 35 N., R. 6 E., backwater will extend 

halfway up the rapids, which are below gage, and may affect the stage-discharge 

relation.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.81 feet, at 7.25 p. m., 

June 4 (discharge, 1,130 second-feet); mini mum stage, 1.45 feet at 6.25 p. m., 

July 22 (discharge, about 191 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.88 feet April 24, 1916 (discharge, 2,120 

second-feet); TrnrnrrmTn stage, 1.45 feet July 22,1918 (discharge, about 191 eecondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The following reservoirs are maintained upstream from the station for 

the purpose of regulating the flow of Wisconsin River:

Dams and reservoirs on Tomahawk River.

Name.

Squirrel. .... 

Mmocqua....

Total..

Location of reservoir.

T.39N..R.5E.......... 

Tps. 38-40 N., Rs. 6-7 E. .

Location of dam.

Sec.30,T.39N.,R.5E... 

Sec.lO,T.39N.,R.6E...

Area of 

reservoir.

Sq. mi. 

3.00 

11.31

14.31

Drainage 

area.

Sq. mi. 

17.07 

81.60

9$. 67

Capacity 

(millions of 

, cubic feet).

Summer.

152 

291

443

Winter.

152 

651

803

1688° 21 wsp 475-
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice and for a few days in April by logs. Rating curve is well defined between 

240 and 1,970 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to hundred ths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods 

in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; and for a 

few days in April when there was backwater from logs, for which discharge was 

interpolated. Open-water records good, except at extremely low stages, when 

they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date. Made by 

L.L. Smith..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.95

3.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

306

534

o Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1. .............

2... ........ ...

3..............

5.. .......... ..

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.. .......... ..

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.............'.

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

370

358

354

358

365

384

384

367

360

354

356

384

408

421

421

408

408

516

589

619

619

604

574

544

502

502

516

516

516

460

460

Nov.

460

460

434

447

434

434

421

421

408

408

421

447

447

460

447

447

434

434

434

434

420

415

415

410

410

410

410

Dec.

405

400

OQK

395

OQK

9on

390

385

385

385

380

380

375

375

370

365

360

350

360

9.7(1

385

OQK

OQK

OQK

385

97(1

OCA

QCA

oon

310

305

Jan.

OrtC

310

Q1 A

310

91(1

91(1

9(1*

305

OAK

OAK

305

91(1

310

91 A

one

305

305

91(1

91(1

90*.

OAA

9QK.

9on

9QA

OCR

280

OQK

9QA

9SH

275

Feb.

270

265

255

245 <>i?n

OtCK

260

265

270

97 ^

9Ofl

305

91(1

300

91 A

91(1

320

325

330

330

330

330

330

335

345

355

365

VI x.

Mar.

385

son

395

3QI?

3QI?

400

405

415

435

460

475

480

490

AQf\

510

540

W!

620

650

681

748

815

798

780

OCA,

QO9

1 '798 000

666

Apr.

ft1Q

589

604

559

502

516

516

516

516

530

528

w?

523

W1

518

516

530

516

Rift

509

CAft

502

O79

308

9Q7

ftQQ

one

408

447

May.

434

408

384

370

363

<*fin

372

408

516

604

634

619

604

516 dfin

434

408

408

408

434

447

460

460

434

460

666

780

850

923

961

961

June.

1.040

1 040

1^080

1,120

1,120

1.040

886

7QQ

697

619

w\

460

ans

396

384

360

347

99fi

OQ7

265

ftCQ

ftCA

236

O97

236

994

232

242

July.

rtCO

265

258

258

265

261

246

234

226

91 Q

212

205

1QQ

201

209

011

997

91 Q

209

204

201

202

919

99Q

240 94n

OKA

268

275

271

Aug.

276

300

282

255 007

260

261

408

559

589

Wi

530

460

408

oeo

324

901?

271

255

94ft

240

99 fi

421

460

434

384

94*.

000

Af\Q

dfif\

447

Sept.

421

384

354

324

304

OQQ

276

266

258

252

9ft9

000

9K1

347

00ft

91(1

9QK

354

°^7

9KJ

336

919

007

00 K

979

ftce

ctAQ

243

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21 to Mar. 21. 

logs Apr. 9,12-16,20-22; discharge interpolated.

Stage-discharge relation affected by
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 83

Monthly discharge of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 422 square miles.]

Month..

December.... _____________ ... ......

February........ _____ ____ ....... _ .

April..........................................

May... ........ _____ . __ ...............

July...........................................

September....... _______ ................

The year..... __ ......................

Discharge in second-feet.

"Mff^JTnTTTfl i

619

474 

405 

310 

375 

1,000 

619 

961 

1,120 

275 

589 

421

1,120

Mtnfinjiyn,.

354 

408 

305 

275 

245 

380 

289 

360 

232 

195 

237 

243

195

Mean.

452 

433 

374 

301 

304 

573 

486 

534 

522 

231 

368 

311

408

Per 

square 

mile.

1.07 

1.03 

.886 

.713 

.720 

1.36 

1.15 

1.27 

1.24 

.547 

.872 

.737

.967

Run-off ' 

(depth in 

inches).

1.23 

1.15 

1.02 

.82 

.75 

1.57 

1.28 

1.46 

1.38 

.63 

1.01 

.82

13.12

PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 20 and 29, T. 32 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 

4$ miles northeast of Merrill, Lincoln County and 5$ miles above mouth of river. 

Haymeadow Creek enters from left 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 164 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911, scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 18, 1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Mrs. Meta Krause.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. From downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; clean and free from vegetation. 

Left bank high, not subject to overflow; both banks wooded. Control not well 

defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.0 feet May 28 

(discharge, 1,420 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 75 second-feet, during 

January and February.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 22, 1916 (discharge, 2,290 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 72 second-feet, by discharge measurement 

made January 4, 1915. Absolute minimum occurred during winter period 1914- 

1915, and was probably somewhat less than 72 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 103 and 2,200 second-feet. Gage read once a day to half-tenths. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for 

periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Feb 16" L.L. Smith. .........

.....do...............

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.84

1.78

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

83

80

o Incomplete ice cover at control and at measuring section.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. ............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

103

101

101

110

133

133

122

115

110

115

118

118

115 iia

122

122

137

159

159

159

159

159

159

159

159

I'M

148

I'M

159

137

Nov.

137

117

133

137

137

137

148

137

137

137

137

137

133

128

128

199

122

128

122

122

122

118

118

110

110

110

115

Dec.

110

105

105

100 inn

inn

100

100

95

95

95

95

95Qf;

Qf;

95

95

90

95

90

90

90ai

90

85

OR

85

on

85

85

85

Jan.

80

80

80

80

an

Qrt

an

80

80

80

85

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

an

80

75

75

80

75

75

75

75

Feb.

«n

an

80

80

80

ort

80

80

80

ort

80

7C

80

80

OA

80

80

80

80

8ft

80ft*.

OR

RA

85

OR

QC

QR

Mar.

ai

OR

85

85

OR

OR

85

on

90

01

95

100

100

105

110

110

115

199

244

348

535

dQfi

458

491

366

348

348

348 *>1*>

330

330

Apr.

313

313

296

278

278

244

244

244

228

91 o

184

184

159

1 tQ

1 K.Q

172 ioa

261

244

919

919

184

184

159

1 **Q

137

184

366

384

May.

421

348

348

244

244

919

919

278

313

174

655

614

535

402

QfQ

244 ioa

212

244

97a

244

313

348

296

366

QfiS

1,110

1,420

1,220

1,010

1,110

June.

963

1,010

781

574

458

421

Atyi

366

313

97ft

OOG

919

184

1 K.Q

148

137

122

115

106

106

103

103

103

101

IfM

103

110

118

159

July.

137

148

148

159

1TO

133

122

110

106

101

97

91

Q1

97

103

103

101

97

97

93

91

<w

103

118

199

115

103

106

148

137

Aug.

110

137

137

137

137

148

458

535

4Ofi

421

402

313

97ft

99ft

184

I'M

137

133

118

110

118

919

458

384

^fifi

313

244

919

159

137

Sept.

117

1017

137

122

118

115

110

110

110

106

118

137

148

148

137

110

118

148

148

137

137

137

137

137

133

118

110

106

110

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 2 to Mar. 15.

Monthly discharge of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 164 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May................... ....

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

172 

148 

110 

85 

85 

535 

384 

1,420 

1.010 

159 

535 

148

1,420

Minimum.

101 

110 

85 

75 

75 

85 

137 

198 

101 

91 

110 

106

75

Mean.

135 

128 

93.7 

79.2 

81.1 

213 

224 

493 

274 

115 

242 

127

185

Per 

square 

mile.

0.823 

.781 

.571 

.483 

.495 

1.30 

1.37 

3.01 

1.67 

.701 

1.48 

.774

1.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.95 

.87 

.66 

.56 

.52 

1.50 

1.53 

3.47 

1.86 

.81 

1.71 

.86

15.30

EATJ CLAIRE RIVER AT KELLY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 28 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge three-quarters of a mile 

below Kelly, Marathon County, 1 mile above mouth of Big Sandy Creek, which 

enters from right, and 4J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 326 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge, read by William 

Woolsey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

below bridge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 85

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Be.d composed of heavy gravel and rock. Gage is in. the 

rapids which form the control. Banks medium high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.4 feet at 4.30 

p. m., May 27 (discharge, 2,450 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 30 

second-feet December. 6.

1914-rl918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.1 feet April 22 and 23, 1916 (discharge, 

3,270 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 0.45 foot, August 13,14, 

15, October 2 and 3,1914 (discharge, about 40 second-feet). Discharge December 

6,1917, was estimated as 30 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 71 and 3,150 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily except Sundays. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to the rating table, except for periods in which stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to 

rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; discharge for all Sundays 

interpolated. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918. 

Date.

Feb. 14«

June 13&

Made by 

T.G.Bedford................................................. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

1.29

1.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

67

60

218

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section. 

* Made by wading 80 feet downstream from gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

85

85

87

89

91

89

91

93

89

93

100

102

100

102

104

100

104

142

252

267

240

213

182

179

185

188

238

238

238

227

01 n

Nov.

182

188

199

196

193

182

179

179

177

168

164

160

155

152

145

142

134

134

134

129

134

116

93

79

70

70

65

50

50

Dec.

50

55

55

55

40

30

45

50

45

40

45

45

45

50

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

70

Jan.

55

50

50

50

45

55

55

55

55

65

85

70

70

70

85

70

70

65

70

70

85

75

85

60

60

65

70

70

70

70

Feb.

70

70

70

70

65

55

55

55

55

50

45

50

45

60

60

60

60

65

65

65

65

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

Mar.

70

70

70

70

70

75

75

75

75

75

80

80

80

80

80

85

85

85

130

300

1,370

1,290

1 1^lft

990 w\

862

S62

7^8

708

677

588

Apr.

499

390

365

320

267

249

332

416

340

300

255

238

227

91 Q

218

t)AA

267

340

365

o^o

300

94Q

91 ft

204

100

XOQ

647

677

May.

617

471

390

340

304

267

267

QOft

443

1,290

1,370

1,020

677

557

416

267

OQO

338

443

AA*>

W7

HV7

443

4QQ

1.470

2 AKf\

2,140

1 460

l'*7ft

1,130

June.

1,130

1,100

1,060

738

557

4.OQ

528

471

1 396

320

267

OQ9

1 213

196

177

160

142

145

132

116

116

114

1 AQ

104

104

104 ino

ino

104

IflQ

July.

112

139

132

104

114

116

120

124

109

104

ifti

104

104

too

96

104

104

01

87

QC

QC

85

87 inn

160

185

171

196

193

177

Aug.

158

150

134

124

114

106

104

160

188

300

282

264

244

Vfl

188

166

 \At\

128

114

104

104

129

OR!

9AA.

204

193

177

166

155

IOQ

Sept.

126

112

116 inn

104

104

100

QQ

Qfi

104

119

IOQ

129

116

104

106 1«JQ

I^Q

139

1Q7

126

116

114

124

116 inn

100

97

94

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Apr. 2. 

lated.

Discharge for all Sundays interpo-
86

Monthly dit

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

]e ofEau Claire River at Kelly, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 326 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

267 

199 

70 

85 

70 

1,370 

677 2.450" 

1.130 

196 

300 

139

2,450

Minimi^yn .

85 

50 

30 

45 

45 

70 

W9 

232 

104 

85 

104 

94

30

Mean.

148 

136 

52 

65 

62 

385 

321 

738 

322 

122 

174 

115

221

Per ' 

square 

mile.

0.454 

.417 

.158 

.201 

.191 

1.18 

.985 

2.26 

.988 

.374 

.534 

.353

.678

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.52 

.47 

.18 

.23 

.20 

1.36 

1.10 

2.61 

1.10 

.43 

.62 

.39

9.21

BIG EATJ PLEINE RIVER NEAR STRATFORD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 27 N., R. 3 E., at highway bridge at Weber Farm, 2 miles 

north of Stratford, Marathon County, and 1 mile above Chicago & Northwestern 

Railway bridge. Dill Creek enters from right 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE ABE A. 223 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geolo-g 

ical and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Sloping gage, reading from 1.0 to 15.6 feet, on right bank of the river, and 

vertical staff gage, reading from 15 to 18 feet, at upper end of sloping gage; read 

by Christian Weber.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading about 1,000 feet below gage or from 

highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock. Control at head 

of rapids 400 feet below gage. Both banks at gage are high and will be overflowed 

only at stage of about 15 feet and above.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 8.45 

feet at 7.30 p. m. March 19, as ice was leaving river (discharge, about 4,980 secondfeet); minimum open-water stage, 1.3 feet at 7 P- m. July 20 (discharge, about 3 

second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum recorded stage 8.85 feet at 6 p. m. April 21 (discharge, 

5,540 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 3.0 second-feet (by meter measurement) February 5, 1915, and 7 p. m. July 20, 1918. The flood of June, 1914, 

reached a maximum height of 20.7 feet as determined by levels run to high-water 

marks.

ACCTTRACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except for ice effect. 

Rating curve fairly well defined between 150 and 4,000 second-feet; poorly defined 

outside these limits. Gage read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for periods when 

discharge relation was affected by ice, December 5 to March 18, for which no daily 

discharge was estimated. Open-water records for high stages good; for medium 

and low stages poor.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading a quarter of a mile 

below gage, May 21,1918, by T. G. Bedford: 

Gage height, 2.28 feet; discharge, 108 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASlft.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11- .................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

12

10

12

19

12

12

12

12

19

15

17

25

90

97

24

99

24

60

134

63

60

55

44

47

101

295

99A

158

112

127

Nov.

75

60

50fin

60

60

60

55

50

47

44

40

36

33

31

29

29

29

29

25

25

29

97

25

25

22

22

99

22

18

Dec.

18

18

1ft

10

18

1C

1O

17

Mar.

4,920

3,420

2,590

2,390

1,730

1,180

905

fiCU.

4.04.

424

944

327

344

Apr.

<M4

310

241

182

152

134

208

182

134

118

103

85

85

85

112

172

295

382

269

228

241

ion

141

112

85

255

668

424

May.

280

208

165

107

85

107

178

1,730

668

403

233

178

148

118

81

75

90

118

103

780

470

260

424

5,190

2,790

2,130

1.110

720

1,650

Jiine.

2J050

1840

<447

344

i241

1J410 '642

310

|W7

,269

,182

112

i 69

53

39

31

1 27

23 1 21

, 19

1 1C ' 21

! 13

13

< 10

' 10

! 12

10

9

i 12

|

July.

16

14

11

14

16

14

13

10

7

6

5

4

4

5

6

6

5

5

4

3

3

6

12

13

12

9

13

27

23

13

Aug.

13

10

8

6

5

6

33

43

27

in

19

112

65

36

25

18

14

12

9

8

18

53

50

27

19

13

13

13

13

13

Sept.

13

13

12

8

7

6

5

5

4

4

6

9

10

10

9

8

6

8

9

12

13

13

10

10

8

6

6

5

5

5

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 8 to Mar. 19; daily discharge not determined/

Monthly discharge of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis. > for the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

[Drainage area, 223 square miles,]

Month.

October.......................................

December 1-8... ..............................

March 19-31.... ...............................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

295 

75 

18 

4,920 

668 

5,190 

2,050 

27 

112 

13

Minimum.

10 

18 

17 

327

85 

75 

9 

3 

5 

4

Mean.

, 60.0 

38.0 

17.9 

1,520 

^207 

 672 

, 25.3 

i 10.0 

23.5 

8.2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.269 

.170 

.080 

6.82 

.928 

3.01 

.113 

.045 

.105 

.037

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches).

0.31 

.19 

.02 

3.30 

1.04 

3.47 

.13 

.05 

.12 

.41
88 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

PLOVER RIVER HEAR STEVENS POINT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 24 N., R. 8 E., Portage County, at Fast Waters highway 

bridge, 7 miles above mouth of river and 5 miles northeast of Stevens Point.

DEAINAGE AEEA. 136 square miles.

RECOEDS AVAILABLE. January 5, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Metal vertical staff gage bolted to left abutment, downstream side of bridge; 

read by Ethel Van Order.

DISCHAEGE MEASUEEMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTEOL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and small rock; free from 

vegetation; permanent. At high stages both banks will be overflowed around 

the bridge. Control not well defined but is probably small rapids below gage.

EXTEEMES op DISCHAEGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.3 feet at 5.30 

p. m., May 28 (discharge, 670 second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated 55 

second-feet, January 1-15 and February 1-15. Observer unable to reach gage 

May 29 to June 1, so that maximum stage during this period probably was somewhat above the maximum recorded on May 29.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet, June 5, 1914 (discharge, approximately 1,570 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 45 second-feet, 

February 5-7,1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Two dams are used in connection with grist mills above station, but 

the plants have little pondage, so that the flow at gage, except for brief periods, 

is nearly natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except as affected by ice. 

Rating curves well defined between 82 and .410 second-feet; poorly defined outside these limits. Gage read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except during 

periods when stage-discharge relation is affected by ice, for which it is ascertained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by 

results of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; daily 

discharge interpolated October 1-6 and May 29 to June 1, when gage was not read. 

Open-water records fair, except at extremely low stages, when diurnal fluctuation 

may cause some error; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Oct. 25«»

Jan. 96

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore.........

L.L. Smith............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.24

1.99

Discharge.

Sec.-n. 

122

63

Date.

Feb. 136

Mar. 29

Made by 

L.L. Smith............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.76

1-95

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

96

264

o Made by wading 300 feet upstream from gage.

b Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINj 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1918. ,

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...... . ..

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..... ........

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

122

120

118

117

115

114

98

98

114

114

123

114

106

114

114

82

160

98

132

114

106

98

132

132

123

150

150

150

141

114

Nov.

123

114

132

114

150

114

114

98

114

98

98

123

98

106

98

98

98

106

98

114

114

98

90

71

106

98

114

98

106

Dec.

60

65

Jan.

55

65

Feb.

55

| 110

Mar.

215

366

330

268

245

234

223

234

Apr.

234

234

201

201

190

170

190

190

190

160

160

132

170

141

150

150

150

160

160

150

150

190

190

150

141

150

170

170

234

234

May.

234

201

180

212

170

170

190

201

212

382

500

469

438

256

280

234

234

256

280

256

256

330

330

304

280

438

565

670

624

577

531

Jrane.

: 484

438

438

382

: 356

330

; 280

330

1 280

256

256

; 245

223

! 223

212

150

1 132

, 150

1 114

150

1 170

\ 150

98

132

114

141

132

170

132

1 150

July.

212

132

132

132

170

150

114

132

132

114

98

114

98

. 98

132

132

132

123

132

106

98

114

132

114

132

141

132

114

150

190

132

Aug.

150

114

141

114

132

123

114

160

190

190

190

170

190

132

132

132

132

114

132

106

114

114

98

114

123

90

114

114

114

114

98

Sept.

98

106

90

106

98

98

98

82

98

98

98

114

98

114

132

132

114

123

132

132

114

114

98

114

98

123

114

114

123

123

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 25. Gage not read Oct. 1-6, and May 26 

to June 1; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 136 square miles.)

Month.

November. ......... ..........................

December. ....................................

January .............. ........................

March. . ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July........................................ ..

August........................................

September.....................................

The year. .

Discharge in seeondl-feet.

Maximum.

160 

150

234 

670 

484 

212 

190 

132

Minimum.

82 

71

132 

170 

98 

98 

90 

82

Mean.

119 

107 

63 

60 

80 

,271 

175 

331 

227 

130 

131 

110

151

Per 

square 

mile.

0.875 

.787 

.460 

.443 

.592 

1.99 

1.29 

2.43 

1.67 

.956 

.963 

.809

1.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

1.01 

.88 

.53 

.51 

.62 

2.29 

1.44 

2.80 

1.86 

1.10 

1.11 

.90

15.05
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&18, PART V.

BARABOO RIVER NEAR BARABOO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 4 miles downstream 

from Baraboo, Sauk County, 3 miles below creek that rises near Devils Lake and 

comes in from right, and 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 572 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911, scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 18, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Miss Agnes Schneider.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge to 

which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and mud. Control not well defined. 

Water confined to one channel, except at flood stages when right bank is overflowed for a distance of 1,000 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.03 feet at 8 

a. m., March 20 (discharge, 3,280 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.15 feet at 4 p. m., 

December 2 (discharge, about 78 second-feet); caused apparently by temporary 

holding back of water by ice or otherwise.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 17.5 feet March 26, 1917 

(discharge, 4,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.71 foot at 7.30 a. m., July 26, 

1916 (discharge, 76 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. In the vicinity of Baraboo, 4 miles above station, there are four dams 

and one at Reedsburg, 18 miles above. Smaller plants are also operated on tributaries. Operation of these various plants causes diurnal fluctuation at gage of 

about 0.3 foot at low-water stages. Estimates of mean monthly discharge probably 

represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of March, 1917, and 

again during May, 1917. Rating curve used October 1 to March 12,1918, fairly well 

defined between 150 and 3,270 second-feet; extended and approximate above 

and below these limits. Curve used March 13 to May 20 poorly defined throughout. Curve used May 21 to September 30 fairly well defined between 167 and 

3,270 second-feet; extended and approximate only outside these limits. Gage 

read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records fair; 

winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 2

19

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore..........

.....do.. ...............

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.15

2.38

3.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

303

203

206

Date.

May 96

96

July 13c

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.78

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

230

276

245

a Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.

6 Debris at measuring section.

« Tree on downstream side; possibly some backwater.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASlK.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. ............

20..............

21..............

22

23. ............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

162

150

186

205

198

180

168

162

154

192

1Q8

205

1O9

186

192

205

257

228

257

228

244

250

264

257

244

383

,470

470

515

425

313

Nov.

299

285

285

299

327

355

355

355

327

299

231

198

1Q8

228

244

228

218

231

212

205

994

231

218

186

205

224

231

224

205

Dec.

198

84

145

180

180

175

170

160

155

155

150

150

150

145

130

115

115

145

145

145

145

160

185

190

230

250

230

205

145

155

160

Jan.

100

150

125

85

110

80

135

145

150

125

160

130

165

145

175

175

120

130

145

145

170

155

170

175

145

100

155

170

190

170

Feb.

160

150

120

180

210

180

180

190

165

165

140

240 991

315

315

325

315

300

300

315

315

325

340

355

545

655

765

910

Mar.

890

930

1,010

1.110

1,170

1,240

1,290

1.340

1,390

1,440

1,460

1,540

1,780

2,180

2,120

2,050

2,260

2,820

3,100

3,240

3,130

3,020

2,680

2,120

1,240

760

540

435

406

378

364

Apr.

378

364

350

336

294

294

308

364

364

350

322

280

253

240

266

260

260

301

336

308

364

450

525

465

420

350

308

322

465

495

May.

465

420

336

266

266

294

308

246

234

696

1,220

1,440

1,540

1,340

728

392

308

1,290

1,870

2,430

2,680

2,570

2,710

2,360

1,930

1,230

1,380

1,990

2,290

2,430

2,320

June.

1,930

1,330

1,090

722

452

407

378

392

322

336

452

527

422

308

246

226

232

239

226

232

206

186

176

182

226

172

512

422

266

294

July.

378

527

587

557

617

617

662

557

350

287

322

294

239

206

226

252

246

239

226

183

177

206

206

206

194

220

226

239

259

198

220

Aug.

226

220

186

183

166

178

183

188

172

136

165

226

213

206

193

195

16.9

160

198

192

213

187

169

146

136

171

176

166

163

152

138

Sept.

109

158

164

169

139

154

128

112

174

144

189

190

190

200

187

213

186

193

206

180

198

192

252

166

152

171

154

144

142

162

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 3 to Mar. 12, and Mar. 15.

Monthly discharge of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 572 square miles.)

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

515 

355 

250

190 

910 

3,240 

525 

2,710 

1,930 

662 

226 

252

3,240

Minimum,

150 

186 

84 

80 

120 

364 

240 

234 

172 

17.7 

136 

109

80

Mean.

250 

251 

163 

143 

311 

1,590 

346 

1,290 

437 

320 

180 

171

457

Per 

square 

mile.

0.437 

.439 

.285 

.250 

.544 

2.78 

.605 

2.26 

.764 

.559 

.315 

.299

.799

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.50 

.49 

.33 

.29 

.57 

3.20 

.68 

2.61 

.85 

.64 

.36 

.33

10.85
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

KICK&POO RIVER AT GAYS MILLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 10 N., R. 4 W., at highway bridge immediately below 

Norwood Mill, in Gays Mills, Crawford County, 25 miles above mouth of river, and 

2 miles below mouth of Tainter Creek, which enters from right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 629 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911, scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 25, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by N. T. Norwood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading a 

short distance downstream from the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock covered by a deposit of sand. Banks 

at gage fairly high and not subject to overflow at ordinary high-water stage. Control is at head of small rapids about 300 feet below gage; not permanent; the 

plotting of the discharge measurements indicate that at a stage of about 2 feet on 

the gage the control is charged to some point below, causing a reversal in the 

curve.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.15 feet at 5.35 

p. m., March 19 (discharge, about 2,900 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 

245 second-feet, during January.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 15.05 feet March 24, 1917 (discharge, 

approximately 6,300 second-feet); minimum stage for open-water, 0.86 foot at 

8 a. m., November 29, 1914 (discharge, 201 second-feet). Absolute minimum was 

approximately 100 second-feet, and occurred during the later part of January, 

1915.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Mills at Gays Mills immediately above station, Soldiers Grove about 

7 miles upstream, and at several points above Soldiers Grove, use comparatively 

little storage, so that the recorded flow past station represents nearly the natural 

flow. During low stages a small diurnal fluctuation is observed at the gage

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Shifts occurred during months 

of March, April, and May. One rating curve used during year; fairly well defined 

between 285 and 870 second-feet; extended and subject to error outside these 

limits. Shifting-channel method used March 13 to May 25. Gage read twice 

daily to'nearest quarter-tenth. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table except for period when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to the rating table 

mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records fair; winter records 

subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Date. Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.58

2.18

3.20

Discharge.

Sec.-}t. 

349

246

405

Date.

May 31

Made by 

T; G.Bedford..........

.....do.................

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

Gage

Feet. 

1.99

3.12

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

382

675

320

a Made through complete ice cover 150 feet downstream from gage. 

6 Made by wading 200 feet downstream from gage.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN, 93

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4.... ..........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............. is

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

315

330

345

375

360

345

330

315

330

345

375

420

420

390

375

360

360

405

405

405

375

390

405

405

435

515

595

565

515

495

455

Nov.

445

435

445

475

495

515

515

455

435

435

405

405

405

405

390

375

360

345

360

375

375

375

375

375

345

330

345

360 i«fl

375

Dec.

375

360

360

375

330

285

285

285

285

285

285

285

285

^ftft

315

360

<tofl

390

405

420

420

420

405

375

345

315

285

«yjf\

97n

97fi

260

Jan.

245

260

260

270

270

260

260

270

300

260

245

245

270

285

285

^ftft

285

260

285

OAK

245

97n

260

270

300

300

255

97ft

270

98 H

300

Feb.

300

315

285

270

285

285

270

260

260

260

9 fin

285

405

770

700

625

580

550

515

475

455

09 K

475

550

720

QQK

1,110

i i4A

Mar.

1,110

945

1,050

1.020

1,230

1.200

1 000

640

515

435

500

820

2,620

2,420

2 ion

1 QAfl

2,500

2,740

2 740

2,380

1,550

710

588

558

KOK

485

465

445

AAH

,19ft

Apr.

420

390

390

360

330

375

455

455

390

345

345

315

315

300

285

315

QJK

375

405

360

375

405

435

405

345

315

315

345

420

405

May.

375

330

315

300

285

300

315

315

495

2,520

2,100

1.360

«95

535

475

445

625

1.290

1,560

1,710

1,710

1,500

895

595

565

595

1,320

1,670

1,290

770

RAI\

June.

795

700

550

535

535

515

475

475

475

745

610

495

455

435

420

420

390

375

375

375

375

375

375

375

455

610

455

405

375

515

July.

565

375

420

550

745

720

515

405

390

405

405

375

345

345

390

435

435

375

360

345

330

330

315

330

550

455

435

son

475

375

330

Aug.

330

315

315

315

330

315

300

345

405

330

405

345

345

345

315

315

345

315

345

285

285

285

285

285

285

285

285 98*;

285

272

258

Sept.

272

272

272

272

285

272

272

258

272

285

375

390

360

315

300

300

285

300

300

315

285

285

285

272

272

272

258

98";

258

272

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 8 to Mar. 11.

Monthly discharge of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., for the year ending Sept, 30t

1918. 

[Drainage area, 629 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

595 

515 

420 

300 

1,140 

2,740 

455 

2,520 

795 

745 

405 

390

2,740

Minimum.

315 

330 

260 

245 

260 

420 

285 

285 

375 

315 

258 

258

245

Mean.

402 

403 

332 

270 

494 

1,230 

368 

897 

482 

426 

315 

291

494

Per 

square 

mile.

0.639 

.641 

.528 

.429 

.785 

1.96 

.585 

1.43 

.766 

.677 

.501 

.463

.785

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

a 74

.72 

.61 

.49

.82 

2.26 .65 

1.65 

.85 

.78 

.58 

.52

10.67

MAQTTOKETA RIVER BELOW MOUTH OF NORTH FORE OF MAQTTOKETA RIVER, NEAR

MAQTTOXETA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In southwest corner of NE.J sec. 17, T. 84 N., R. 3 E., at Bridgeport 

Bridge, 3 miles northeast of Maquoketa, Jackson County, 1,200 feet above mouth 

of Mill Creek, and 2 miles below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,600 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey, scale, 1 to 500,000). Drainage area at mouth, 1,960 square 

miles.
94 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1913, to September 30, 1918, except October, 

1914, to March 20,1915, when station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to down stream handrail of bridge 100 feet from right 

abutment; read by John Strodthoff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of sand; shifting. Two channels 

at all stages up to 12 feet, when there is overflow under pile-trestle approach on 

left side.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.4 feet, February 15, affected by ice; minimum stage recorded 1.75 feet, November 25 and 27 

(discharge, 294 eecond-feet.) Prior to 1918: Maximum stage about 23.5 feet, 

probably in 1905 (discharge, about 24,300 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used 

during 1918; October 1 to December 4, and June 5 to September 30, well defined 

between 300 and 20,000 second-feet; February 16 to June 4, well defined between 

300 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except for 

days when gage was not read, for which the discharge was interpolated. December 4 to February 15 and February 21 to 23, stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice; discharge not determined. Open-water records good. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 27: Gage height, 2.23 feet; discharge, 505 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, near Maquolceta,, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

^1. .........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

324

294

324

324

324

309

324

309

294

309

309

324

324

332

339

324

339

339

339

324

339

324

324

339

-370

386

386

386

370

370

Nov.

339

355

339

339

355

339

339

339

324

324

339

339

324

324

324

324

394

324

339

3ftQ

324

324

324

309

294

309

294

324

339

339

Dec.

309

324

339

309

Feb.

3,320

1 QOft

1,220

1,160

1,060

2,570

4,960

5,240

5,240

3 QOft

Mar.

2.160

1,700

2.500

3,000

2,750

2,570

1,650

1,220

U110

1,220

....765

860 Q*;Q

3,190

1,760

1,410

1,060

1,010

QKQ

860

719

632

590

570

111

492

474

456

456

422

Apr.

439

439

422

388

388

372

456

492

474

422

405

405

372

372

356

372

Af\Z

439

422

422

422

439

439

439

439

439

405

/MQ

422

422

May.

405

405

388

372

372

356

456

405

439

511

675

652

632

530

474

456

422

2,280

3,120

1,430

1,060

909

3,000

1,930

3,510

2,450

1,590

2 T^(\

2,220

1,930

1,430

June.

1,270

1,270

1,060

6,050

6,430

3,160

2,130

1,710

1,330

1,120

1,020

879

786

fiQ7

615

P177

c77

540

540

741

927

879

741

655

655

927

786

SJ7Q

786

786

July.

1,220

1.020

741

655

615

879

879

1,280

1,380

1,020

832

655

615

577

540

500

1,000

1,330

1,280

832

615

577

452

Aug.

469

452

41Q

410

402

402

386 s?n

355

355

355

355

<MQ

355

577

577

2,380

4,400

1,770

1,120

879

741

655

615

577

540

504

469

452

452

522

Sept.

dSfi

435

419

419

419

402

402

386

386

370

435

577

577

486

460

435

402

402

370

370

370

355

355

355

355

355

355

339

339

339

NOTE. Discharge interpolated Oct. 14, Nov. 22, Mar. 17 and 26, Apr. 24, May 12, Aug. 4, Sept. 15. Discharge Mar. 3, July 16 to 25, estimated from discharge at Cedar Rapids and Janesville, and from climatologic data. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 4 to Feb. 15 and Feb. 21 to 23; discharge not 

determined.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 95

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month,

October .......................................

February. .....................................

March.........................................

May

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

386 

355 

5,240

3,920 

492 

3,510 

6,430 

1,380 

4,400 

577

Minimum.

294 

294

422 

356 

356 

540 

452 

339 

339

Mean.

 335 

328 

2,990 

1,350 

419 

1,210 

1,350 

758 

731 

405

Per 

square 

mile.

0.209

.205 

1.87 

.844 

.261 

.756 

.844 

.474 

.457 

.253

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.24 

.23 

.69

.97 

.29 

.87 

.94 

.55 

.53 

.28

ROCK RIVER AT AFTON, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 22 and 27, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., at highway bridge in 

Afton, Rock County, 9 miles above Illinois State line. Bass Greek enters from 

right three quarters of a mile below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,190 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 5,1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Engelke, 

and Leslie Seales.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks medium high, and will not be overflowed to any 

 extent at flood stages. Bed composed of gravel and clean silt; practically permanent. Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.51 feet at noon 

March 26 (discharge, 12,700 second-feet); minimum stage 0.94 feet at 8.30 p. m. 

August 4 (discharge, 612 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum discharge recorded, 10.51 feet at noon March 26,1918 (discharge, 12,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.5 foot at 7 a. m., August 16, 

1914 (discharge, approximately 459 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at Janesville and above causes fluctuations 

at gage during low stages.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

638 and 12,700 second-feet. Gage read twice daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

for periods when stage discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice effect 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; 

daily discharge interpolated September 28-30 when gage was not read. Openwater records excellent, except at extreme low stages, when they are fair; winter 

records fair.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Afton, Wis., during the year ending Sept, SO, 1918.

Date.

Feb. 60

Mar. 26

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt... ...........................................................

T.G.Bedford............................................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.22

2.97

10.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020

829

12,700

Complete ice cover at measuring section, incomplete at control.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&18, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at A/ton, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

Day.

1...... ......

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

9............

10-......--...

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

n

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

1,170

1,110

1,170

1,080

1,140

1,100

946

1,100

990

1,110

1,060

1,070 i ndn

960

990

995

1,110

1,110

1,140

1,070

1,230

1,230

1 4nn

1,430

1,320

1,660

1,820

1,900

1,980

2,490

3,140

Nov.

2,850

3,240

2,760

3

f\Af\

3,140

2,940

2,940

2,670

2,580

2,760

2,400

2,760

2,310

2,310

2,140

2,140

S ftfift

1,980

1 Q8n

1 980

2^060

1,540

1,460

1,540

1,580

1,500

1 540

1^620

Dec.

1,500

1,460

1,500

1,430

1,400

1,360

1,350

1,340

1,330

1,300

1,290

1,280

1,270

1,280

1,280

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,280

1,280

1,270

1,250

1,230

1,200

1,170

1,150

1,140

1,110

1,080

1,050

1,010

Jan.

1,010

730

1,230

910

905

888

1,090

Q1>!

1 '915 060

940

735

7*3A

850

880

905

875

770

770

820

QftS

765

ooc

865

800

775

860

880

735

Feb.

935

945

735

750

845

780

850

sari

865

835

855

855

875

1 4JV>

2,060

1,540

1,410

1,110

1,060

1,090

1,110

1,080

1,100

1,140

3,800

3,920

3,680

4 fUfi

Mar.

3,450

3,240

4,280

4,520

5,810

5,810

5,290

5,550

6,210

6,210

6,630

8,030

9,500

10,900

8,920

8,730

9,110

9,900

10 300

10,700

11,600

12,300

12,500

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,500

12,500

11 600

11^200

Apr.

10,700

10,700

10,300

10,100

8,920

8,550

8,370

8,200

7,370

7,060

6,630

6,210

5,680

5,420

5,160

4,900

4,640

4,520

4,640

4,400

3,920

3,920

4,040

4,280

4,040

3,560

3,340

3,450

3

f\Af\

Q 34A

May.

3,240

2,760

2,850

2,670

2,490

2,940

3,040

2,760

2,850

3,240

2,850

2,670

2,760

2,670

2,580

1,400

2,490

2,400

2,490

2,670

2,400

3,240

5,290

2,940

3,140

2,940

3,240

3,240

3,140

3,040

3,040

June.

2,940

2,850

3,040

2,940

2,850

2,760

2,760

2,580

2,140

3,040

1,980

1,820

2,060

1,540

1,430

1,400

936

898

985

1,040

1,140

995

936

975

1,040

1,100

1,100

1,050

1,060

1,050

July.

1,040

1,000

1,070

1,020

1,140

1,080

1,000

1,050

1,050

1,230

1,170

1,050

1,000

995

1,030

970

985

769

779

815

737

742

706

724

733

733

706

660

871

1,000

917

Aug.

848

719

674

656

811

802

710

751

678

765

638

696

737

756

683

714

710

647

825

674

710

737

701

701

710

710

719

719

719

719

696

Sept.

719

701

724

710

71Q

710

71Q

701

714

728

728

737

728

719

719

742

733

728

719

719

724

728

728

714

728

737

746

746

7ifi

746

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Dec. 5 to Feb. 26. 

interpolated.

Gage not read Sept. 28-30; discharge

Monthly discharge of Rock River at A/ton, Wis,,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 3,190 square miles.l

Month.

March .... ......

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,140 

3,240 

1,500 

1,230 

4,040 

12,700 

10,700 

5,290 

3,040 

1,230 

848 

746

12,700

Minimum.

946 

1,460 

1,010 

715 

735 

3,240 

3,040 

2,400 

898 

660 

638 

701

638

Mean.

1,320 

2,280 

1 270 

871 

1,450 

8,960 

5,980 

2,920 

1,750 

928 

720 

725

2,440

Per 

square 

mile.

0.414 

.715 

.398 

.273 

.455 

2.81 

1.87 

.915 

.549 

.291 

.226 

.227

.765

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.48 

.80 

.46 

.31 

.47 

3.24 

2.09 

1.05 

.61 

.34 

.26 

.25

10.36

BOCK RIVER AT ROCKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 44 N., R. 1 E., at highway bridge at Nelson Avenue, Rockford, Winnebago County, 1 mile below mouth of Kent Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,520 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Winston Burrows.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and rock; may shift in high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded duriag year, 11.3 feet at 8 a. m. 

March 14 (discharge, 24,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.78 foot at 5 p. m. 

July 28 (discharge, 840 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 15.5 feet February 15, 1915 (discharge 

not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 97

recorded 13.0 feet March 30 and 31,1916 (discharge, 32,000 second-feet); minimum 

discharge recorded, 483 second-feet August 9, 1914.

REGULATION. Operation of power plant at dam 2 miles upstream in Rockford causes 

slight fluctuation at gage. During low stages water is stored at night for use in 

manufacturing plants during day.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in February; seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used to February 14 fairly 

well defined; curves used after that date fairly well defined above 1,040 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating tables, except for period when stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was determined from gage 

heights, observer's notes, weather records, and records of flow of Rock River at 

Afton, Wis. Records good for medium and high stages during open-water periods; 

probably somewhat too large for low stages during October, June, and July, on 

account of gage readings having been taken during day, when flow, due to regulation at dam, was somewhat greater than during night; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Rockford, III., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Nov. 7.. ..........................

May8............................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.24

4.10

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

5,020

4,470

Date.

July 31... ........................

Aug. 18.. ........................

Gage

Feet. 

2.40

1.60

Discharge.

Sec-)t. 

2,060

1,300

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Rockford, 111., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19

20...........

21...........

00

23...........

94

25...........

26...........

97

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

1,|50

1 650

1,760

1 Q80

2,100

2,100

1,980

2,230

2,500

2,640

2,500

2,500

2,640

2,790

2 (un

2 O4ft

2,640

2,500

2,230

1,980

2,100

2,500

2,790

2 CLI ft

3,100

3,270

3,810

4,000

4,000

4,200

4,400

Nov.

4,400

4,610

4,820

4,610

4,610

4,610

4,610

4,820

5 240

5,240

5,030

4,610

4,200

4,000

4,000

3,620

3,440

3,270

3,270

3,270

3,270

3,270

3,100

2 940

2 'TOO

2,940

2 04ft

9 fUfl

2,640

O KAft

Dec.

2,500

2,360

2,360

2,640

2,640

2,790

2,940

3*. 100

2,860

2,500

Jan.

2,230

1,920

1,670

Feb.

2,280

22,600

20,300

18,800

17,300

16,400

15,900

14,800

14 9AO

11,500

10,200

14,500

17,300

16,400

15,900

........

Mar.

16,400

16200

15,900

18,200

19,700

18,200

17,900

17,600

17300

17,000

18,200

19,700

22,200

24,200

20,600

20,300

19,700

10 4nn

10 inn

18,200

17,600

17,300

15,000

14,200

13,400

12,000

10,700

9,680

9,940

Apr.

9,940

10,200

10,200

10,500

10,500

10,700

10200

9,680

9,430

s oun

8,680

8,430

8,190

7.710

7,470

7 9^0

7,000

6,540

6,540

6,320

6,100

5,880

5,660

5,450

5,340

5,030

4,820

4,610

4,610 4 4nn

May.

4,210

4 030

4,210

4,030

3,860

3,860

3,860

4,400

4,820

4,610

4,400

4,610

4,610

4,210

3 Sfift

4,210

4,820

5.450

5 94ft

5*, 660

5,880

ft JIOA

5,880

6,100

6,320

6,100

5,240

5,450

5,660

5880

6,320

June.

6,100

5,880

5,450

5,030

4,400

4,030

3,690

3,530

3,380

3,530

3,380

3.380

3,100

2680

O KA(\

*> KAC\

O K.A(\

9 9Qfl

2,170 i Qfifl

i £4ft

1 640

1*540

I

3 t*4ft

1 450

i tin

I

QAf)

2,060

2,170

1,220

July.

1,640

1,840

1,840

1,540

1 450 i'i60

1,370

1,640

i 7<in

1 «4fl

1,640

1 74ft

1,540

1 540

1 540

1J540

1,740

J

o/to

1,740

1,290

1 4J50

1 640

1* 74fl

1 450

1,220

1 040

QOfk

1,100

1,220

1,450

Aug.

1,640

1 540

1*450

l'l60 i wft

1,540

1 84ft

1,540

1,540

1,460

1,220

1

Q7ft

1

0 7ft

1

Kj|\

1 fi4fl

1

£A{\

i "14ft

1 9Qft

1.450

I

ftQfl

1,450

1 450

1*370

1,370

I

OOfl

1 93ft

1,220 i ooft

1 37ft

1 290

1*290

Sept.

1,220

1 9<M1

1,370

1,450

1,450

1,540

1,540

1,040

I ooft

1,450

1,450

1 450

1' R4ft

1 S4/1

1 7411

1 740

1*740 1 *win

1,540

1 lift

1,540

i oon

i 9Qft

1 290

1*370

1,370

I

oon

1,100

1

1 AA

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9 to Feb. 14 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, weather 

records, and flow of Bock River at Afton, Wis. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.

1688° 21 WSP 475 7
98

Monthly di

SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

of Rock River at Rockford, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 6,520 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,400 

5,240

22,600

24,200 

10,700 

6,320 

6,100 

1,840 

1,840 

1,840

24,200

"MlTiin-mm,

1,450 

2,500

9,680 

4,400 

3,860 

1,220 

880 

1,160 

1,040

880

Mean.

2,680 

3,840 

2,680 

1,930 

9,220 

17,200 

7,640 

4,970 

2,950 

1,510 

1,420 

1,430

4,760

Per 

square 

mile.

0.411 

.589 

.411 

.296 

1.41 

2.64 

1.16 

.762 

.452 

.232 

.218 

.219

.730

Sun-oft 

(depth in 

inches).

0.47 

.66 

.47 

.34 

1.47 

3.04 

1.29 

.88 

.50 

.27 

.25 

.24

9.88

ROCK RIVER AT LYHDON, HA.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 20 N., R. 5 E., at highway bridge known as Lyndon Bridge, 

in eastern part of Lyndon, Whiteside County, 10 miles above Rock Creek and 20 

miles below dam at Sterling.

DRAINAGE AKEA. 9,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 24,1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by John Shepard until August 8 and by 

George Cady thereafter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; may shift.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.6 feet February 

16 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open 

water stage recorded, 14.4 feet at 6 a. m. March 16 (discharge, 28,600 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 3.72 feet at 7 a. m. September 27 (discharge, 536 secondfeet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 19.6 feet February 16, 1918 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage recorded, 

17.0 feet March 28, 1916 (discharge, 39,500 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.72 

feet September 27, 1918 (discharge, 536 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted at Sterling dam to feed Illinois and Mississippi canal; 

probably averages about 100 second-feet.

REGULATION. Flow past gage is regulated by power plants in city of Sterling and 

above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by 

ice during winter. Rating curve well defined above 1,030 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Diurnal fluctuation at gage rather large during 

low stages. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, 

for which it was ascertained from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, 

and records of flow of Rock River at Rockford, 111., and Afton, Wis., discharge 

interpolated for several days March 1-20. Records good for medium and high 

stages and fair for low stages, during open-water period; winter records poor.
TTPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 99

measurements of Rock River at Lyndon, III., during the year ending Sept. S0t

1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Nor.9 .......................

Q

May6........ ................

tt.

Feet. 

6.48

6.48

6.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

A 4sn

4,490

4,540

Date.

A lift Q

A

Feet. 

4.42

4.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,050

1,580

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

Day.

1. ..........

2...........

3...........

4...........

6...........

6...........

7...........

8. ..........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

26...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

2,500

2,670

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,340

1,180

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

1,610

2,030

2,500

2,500

3,030

5,360

3 770

3,770

3,030

3,210

3,210

2,850

2,670

2,670

3,770

3,770

3,960

4,740

4,540

Nov.

4,940

4,740

4,740

4,740

5,360

4,940

4,940

4,740

4,740

4,540

3,960

4,540

2,850

5,150

4,150

3,960

3,770

3,390

3,580

3,580

3,030

3,390

2,670

3,030

3,210

3,210

3,030

3,030

2,670

3,030

Dec.

3,030

2,670

3,210

2,850

3,030

8,210

3,960

3,360

Jan.

3,040

2,670

2,670

Feb.

2,340

26,000

26,800

Mar.

24,000

22,600

17,100

19,400

21,800

23,600

25,400

23,800

22,200

19,200

19,000

18,800

19,400

19 900

24,' 200

28,600

25,400

24,000

22,600

22,000

21,500

21,000

1O QfiO

18,800

17,800

17,100

16,700

16,800

15,700

16,100

14,200

Apr.

13,900

13,000

12,400

11,200

11,500

11,200

10,500

10,200

10,000

9,500

9,250

8,760

8,000

7,760

7,520

7,280

7,050

6,410

6,620

6,410

5,990

6,830

6,620

6,410

6,200

6,200

6,990

6,990

6,670

6,360

May.

4,740

5,570

5,780

5,150

4,740

4,940

4,740

4,150

4,940

6,200

6,410

4,540

5,150

& Qdfi

4 Q4fl

4,940

4,540

4,540

4,340

4,740

5,150

4,340

6,360

6,830

7,280

7,760

8,250

7,520

7,520

6,200

6,200

June.

5,780

5,150

5,360

5,360

5,150

4,540

4,540

4 540

4,150

4,540

4,340

4,340

4,150

3,960

3,770

2,850

3,390

3,390

2,500

2,500

2,180

2,500

2,340

2,030

1,360

2,340

2,180

3,030

2,340

2,670

July.

2,670

2,030

2,180

2,030

2,180

1,880

2,340

2,030

3,030

1,130

1,740

2,180

2,180

2,340

1,030

2,180

1,300

2,340

1,880

2,030

2,340

2,180

930

2,340

2,340

1,880

1,480

2,670

1,610

2,030

1,300

Aug.

1,740

1,480

1,880

1,880

1,240

1,300

1,740

1,300

1,480

1,480

1,360

1,610

1,540

1,420

1,740

1,610

2,180

2,340

3,030

2,030

1,880

2,030

2,030

1,880

2,180

1,680

1,420

1,740

1,240

1,360

1,480

Sept.

1,300

1,610

1,610

1,480

1,360

1,540

1,540

980

1,610

3,030

1,420

1,130

1,610

1,360

1,300

1,740

1,740

1,420

1,480

2,180

1,740

1,540

1,740

1,360

1,880

2,030

610

765

1,680

885

NOTE. Discharge, Mar. 1, 4, 6,8,11,13,15,18,20 and 21 interpolated, for lack of gage-height record; estimated Dec. 7 to Feb. 28, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and records of 

flow of Rock River at Rockford, 111., and Afton, Wis. Braced figures show mean daily discharge for period 

included.

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sep$? SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 9,010 square miles.]

Month.

March...... .

May...... . .

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,360 

6,360

28,600 

13,900 

8,250 

5,780 

3,030 

3,030 

3,030

\TinJTTHiTp,

1,180 

2,670

14,200 

6,360 

4,150 

1,360 

930 

1,240 

610

610

Mean.

2,960 

3,920 

3,560 

2,790 

17,800 

20,500

3*580 

1,990

6,110

Per

square 

mile.

a 329 

.435 

.396 

.310 

1.98 

2.28 

.923 

.616 

.397 

.221 

.191 

.169

.678

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.38 

.49 

.46 

.36 

2.06 

2.63 

LOS 

.71 

.44 

.25 

.22 

.19

9.22
100 STTBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

PECATONICA RIVER AT DILL, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 6 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge at DiU 

(Ramona post office), Green County, 1 mile below junction of East and West 

branches of Pecatonica River and 9 miles above Illinois State line.

DRAINAGE AREA. 959 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by S. A. Frank. 

Prior to August 2, 1916, vertical staff gage on left abutment.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made from upstream side of 

highway bridge about 400 feet above gage; during extremely high water considerable water overflows to left of highway bridge and measurements are made 

from railroad bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and mud; undoubtedly shifting. 

Banks only medium height and will be overflowed at flood stages. Except during 

extreme flood stages all water passes under railroad bridge to which gage is fastened. 

There is little fall in river below the gage and no well denned control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 13.25 feet at 9 a. m. February 28 (discharge, about 5,850 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.60 foot, at 5 p. m. 

September 9 (discharge about 176 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage, 19.1 feet March 27, 1916, determined from flood 

marks by leveling (discharge, approximately 13,100 second-feet); minimum 

stage September 9, 1918 (estimated discharge, 176 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of dams at Argyle, on East Branch of Pecatonica River, and 

at Darlington, on West Branch of Pecatonica River, cause little if any diurnal 

fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent, throughout the year. 

Rating curve fairly well denned between 176 and 1,520 second-feet; poorly defined between 1,520 and 6,000 second-feet. Extension of curve above 6,000 

second-feet is based on the flow oi Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1918.

Date.

Nov. 9

Feb. 8»

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore.. ........

W. G. Hoyt............

T. G. Bedford..........

Gage 

Height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.34

1.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

308

244

216

Date.

May 28

Aug. 18

Made by 

T. G.Bedford..........

W. G. Hoyt.... ........

Gage 

height.

Feet

2.64

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

783

360

Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EWER BASIN". 101

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

U... ...........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24... ...........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

QQO

OQQ

283

294

9O4

OQQ

OQQ

OQQ

OQQ

OOQ

294

305

316

305

OAK

305

316

340

328

328

305

294

316

328

352

390

448

480

377

352

352

Nov.

328

328

328

340

340

QOQ

328

316

q-tfl

305

305

OAK

305

305

305

305

305

294

294

283

283

283

272

272

272

272

272

272

283

283

Dec.

noo

979

272

272

979

261

261

OA1

230

230

230

226

250

OKft

250

250

250

250

250

260

325

390

400

390

365

325

290

275

245

235

235

Jan.

OOE

OOE

240

9An

245

245

245

245

94.t\

240

240

240

240

1 OQK

9tH

Wi

235

230

230

230

230

230

230

225

225

230

230

235

230

230

Feb.

230

225

O9 K

225

220

220

215

niK

OOK

235

OQA

nne

920

1,720

2,330

2 930

2

QQA

2.510

2.150

1,520

1,160

950

825

1,880

3,630

4,480

5,680

5,820

Mar.

5,400

4

OAA

4,580

4,330

4 *Rfl

4 3SA.

3 020

2 OQA.

1,800

1 TOA

1 680

1,*920

2 980

5,080

4 £fiA

3 7SA

2 RAA

2

0QA

2,330

2,150

1,840

1,560

990

78ft

586

418

390

364

352

340

340

Apr.

340

qoo

goO

316

qco

qco

GOO

294 fH\*

9<U

ooq

fH\*

305

340

* 364

1R4

VfiA

SRi

364

328

305

283

283

305

328

352

May.

34A

OfM

QOq

O<Y±

316 ^ifi

qOQ

QKO

340 Qifi

283

OQQ

O7O

O7O

261

433

586

662

377

3,080

1 ftdfl

624

EH)

586

74ft

586

497

433

June.

4A4

4ft4

OQA

364

340

OOQ

goo

qoo

340

00,1

979

250

244

242

240

240

949

248

9V\

261

OCA

250

261

305

340

294

272

294

July.

ne*n

294

9fc3

OQO

* *X79

904

979

9Kfl

OQQ

Qtft

QQO

250

250

OKA

OT9

9CW

OQO

272

261

250

244

234

244

250

272

272

272

272

261

234

Aug.

214

o4n

226

226

OOQ

OOQ

O1O

2og

199

qco

550

OQQ

OOQ

272

294

283

272

261

236

232

220

212

214

212

210

197

190

208

210

Sept.

9in

91fl

01 ft

208

OlA

4|A

206

loo ie*>

91 rt

230

919

OOQ

90 1

220

226

210

194

1Q7

201

205

210

208

208

206

210

210

210

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Feb. 20.

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Draiinage area, 959 square miles.]

Month.

lklav

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

480 

340 

400 

245 

5,820 

5,400 

364 

3,080 

404 

364 

550 

242

5,820

Minimum.

283 

272 

226 

225 

215 

340 

283 

261 

240 

234 

186 

182

182

Mean.

322 

301 

276 

236 

1,580 

2,450 

323 

571 

297 

274 

248 

211

586

Per 

square 

mile.

0,336 

.314 

.288 

.246 

1.65 

2.55 

.337 

.595 

.310 

.286 

.259 

.220

.611

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.39 

.35 

.33 

.28 

1.72 

2.94 

.38 

.69 

.35 

.33 

.30 

.25

8.31

PECATONICA RIVER AT FREEPORT, ELL.

LOCATIOK. In sec. 32, T. 27 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge at Hancock Avenue, 

half a mile east of Illinois Central Railroad station at Freeport, Stephenson 

County, and 2 miles above mouth of Yellow Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,330 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 10,1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by W. C. Krueger,

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and silt; likely to shift. Left 

bank of only medium height and is overflowed during high water; at stages above 

about 16.0 feet part of the flow passes over left bank and through East Freeport,
102 STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

EXTREMES OP DISCHAKGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.4 feet at 4 

p. m. February 15 (discharge, 6,880 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.0 feet at 

6 p. m. September 7 (discharge, 208 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 19.4 feet March 28,1916 (discharge, 17,000 

second-feet); minimum stage, 3.0 feet September 7, 1918 (discharge, 208 secondfeet).

REGULATION. A dam and power plant three-quarters of a mile upstream regulate 

flow past gage. Only slight diurnal fluctuation is noticeable.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during year; seriously affected by ice 

during winter. Rating curves well defined between 620 and 6,260 second-feet 

and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

tables, except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was ascertained by means of occasional gage heights, observer's notes, 

weather records, and flow of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis. Open-water records 

for medium and high stages good; for low stages fair; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., during (he year ending

'Sept. 30, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Nov. 8..............................................................................

May?.............................................................-.................

July 31..... .........................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.97

4.80

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Sftl!

527

395

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..... .........

11..............

12..............

14

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

90

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

324

324

80S

324

324

340

340

340

324

324

324

324

340

356

340

340

372

406

406

389

372

170!

406

406

424

500

424

480

600

620

500

Nov.

461

442

500

540

500

480

442

406

372

372

372

372

372

372

356

340

340

372

372

356

340

Q4ft

308

308

308

293

293

308

340

340

Dec.

340

194.

308

308

324

278

221

248

278

293

293

278

263

210

221

400

Jan.

335

320

305

Feb.

350

3,060

4,360

6,490

6,310

5,520

4,880

4,270

3,670

3,200

Mar.

5,970

6,140

5,970

5,380

5,000

5,120

5,380

5,000

4,000

3,750

2,670

2,520

2,880

5,520

5,660

5,380

4,770

4,090

3,120

2,220

1,470

1 140

1^060

801

735

693

672

ftqo

592

572

572

Apr.

514

552

514

496

496

496

514

552

572

514

478

478

442

442

442

442

442

514

533

552

514

552

592

592

552

496

460

425

425

552

May.

572

533

514

478

425

392

478

478

514

572

632

533

496

460

442

425

392

408

533

693

714

1,440

2,670

2,220

1,920

1,740

1,860

1,650

1,340

801

714

June.

652

652

632

612

592

572

552

533

514

442

693

735

612

442

442

408

425

425

392

376

392

392

392

376

376

361

460

572

496

392

July.

533

496

478

478

392

442

442

408

376

408

408

460

425

376

318

262

376

376

361

361

346

332

290

376

361

361

361

361

460

376

376

Aug.

332

332

276

290

290

9on

304

318

304

361

392

376

552

496

Atyti

442

572

514

442

392

304

97fi

361

332

304

304

304

304

290

290

304

Sept.

OQA

276

Q1 Q

361

318

0,-iQ

256 *>ptf

ftJO

/ian

345

Q1 K.

300

345

01 e

285

300

97fl

97n

270

270

97ft

270

270

256

256

270

270

256

270

NOTE. Discharge estimated Dec. 16 to Feb. 12 and Feb. 21-28, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and flow of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis. Braced figures show mean 

daily discharge for periods indicated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 103

Monthly discharge ofPecatonica River at Freeport, III.,-for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,330 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

Say. ..........................................

July...........................................

The year................. ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Max firmm .

620 

540

6,490

6,140 

592 

2,570 

735 

533 

572 

361

6,490

Minimum.

308 

293 

210

572 

425 

392 

361 

262 

276 

218

210

Mean.

386 

377 

342 

320 

2,440 

3,210 

805 

869 

497 

393 

357 

285

823

Per 

square 

mile.

0.290 

.283 

.257 

.241 

1.83 

2.41 

.380 

.653 

.374 

.295 

.268 

.214

.619

Run-off 

(depth in

inches).

0.33 

.32 

.30 

.28 

1.91 

2.78 

.42 

.75 

.42 

.34 

.31 

.24

8.40

SUGAR BIVER NEAR BRODHEAD, WIS.

LOCATION. -In sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 9 E., at highway bridge 2 m ties southwest of Brodhead, Green County, 12 miles above Illinois State line.

from right 2 miles below station, and Little Jordan Creek,

above. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 529 square miles (measured on map

logical and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 7, 1914, to September 30, 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge;

tensen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gradefined. Right bank of medium height; rarely overflowed

overflows at stage of approximately 7 feet on the gage. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during

14 (discharge, 4,350 second-feet); minimum stage recorded

September 8 (discharge, approximately 54 second-feet). 

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 11.4 feet Septeml

about 13,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7

tember 8, 1918 (water was undoubtedly being held at the dam)

mined from extension of rating curve, about 54 second-fee 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent throughout

trol changes somewhat with floods, but not seriously affected

ting curve fairly well defined between 108 and 4,500

daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by

gage height to rating table, except for periods when stag i

affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying

daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of dinchargi

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water recoids

roughly approximate. ' Discharge measurements of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Jordan Creek enters 

ilso from right, 4 miles

by Wisconsin Geol inch = 6 miles). 

1918.

 ead by Arthur Chrisside of bri Ige or by wading.

el. Control not well 

; left bank at gage

year, 7.9 feet March 

, 0.7 foot at 5 p. m.

jer 13, 1915 (discharge, 

foot at 5 a. m., Sep- 

; discharge deterthe year. Conduring 1918. Rasecond-feet. Gage read 

applying mean daily 

e-discharge relation is 

to rating table mean 

;e measurements, 

fair; winter records

Date.

Nov. 9 Jan. 4<> 

Feb. 7<»

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore. .........

T.G.Bedford..........

height.

Feet. 

1.62 

2.24 

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-)t. 

246 

145 

182

Date.

May 27 

Aug. 186

Made!

T. G. Bedfor

>y 

d.. ........

A

Feet. 

2.08 

1.06

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

368 

121

« Made through complete ice cover, 600 feet downstream from gage. 

6 Made by wading upstream from bridge.
104 SURFACE WATSB SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of'Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for ike year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.......... . .

14..............

15..............

16............ .

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

W.1

223

233

233

210

197

210

248

248

243

263

248

183

233

249

262

32!

306

29ji 

197|

27<

291

30*

32$

370

528

580

543

338

Nov.

306

291

291

262

291

276

276

276

276

276

235

276

276

276

276

248

210

248

248

248

248

248

222

173

222

222

222

222

248

Dec.

248

197

248

248

248

222

222

222

173

1Q5

190

190

185

185

185

185

190

195

210

220

235

250

250

235

210

1QK

185

175

175

160

150

Jan.

150

150

145

145

165

idfi

140

130

125

120

130

120

110

130

120

100

100

160

195

70

85

85

105

95

95

145

130

160

165

145

130

Feb.

1411

120

110

150 idn

175

185

155

175

130

195

225

195

305

440

660

QOA

965

1,010

965

875

785

660

785

1,060

1,340

2 don

2,420

Mar.

2,280

2,160

2,100

3,070

3,180

2,490

1,810

1,440

1,190

785

740

965

3,070

4,350

2,880

1,810

1 tvlfl

1,290

2,160

1,810

1,640

QfiR

KAK

440

458

dftS

388

322

354

322

291

Apr.

322

338

322

276

291

291

370

338

291

306

291

276

262

222

276

262

276

338

354

262

276

354

354

306

276

262

262

262

370

370

May.

354

354

306

262

235

276

388

388

458

458

405

306

306

291

291

276

262

354

370

322

291

1,010

875

1,100

660

475

440

510

458

405

370

June.

370

338

322

306

291

291

306

306

276

306

322

338

262

276

248

210

210

248

248

248

210

248

197

276

291

306

291

262

235

210

July.

306

291

291

210

262

222

197

235

276

248

235

210

222

185

235

235

291

210

210

210

173

210

262

210

197

235

210

128

210

197

197

Aug.

222

197

222

173

235

248

262

235

210

197

139

185

248

235

235

235

235

210

235

210

210

235

210

197

139

222

222

248

222

186

210

Sept.

118

150

173

185

197

'150

139

81

150

173

235

197

197

173

150

197

235

162

185

185

210

162

173

197

210

173

185

185

150

19?

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 2.

Monthly discharge of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 529 square miles.} 

Month.

October.......................................

February ......................................

March.

April..........................................

May...........................................

Jury....... ....................................

D

Maximum.

620

306

250

195

2,490

4,350

370

1,100

370

306

262

235

4,350

ischargeinsi

Minimum.

185

150

70

110

291

222

235

197

128

139

81

70

econd-feet.

Mean.

299

255

206

129

632

1,520

302

428

275

226

215

176

388

Per

square 

mile.

0.565

.482

.389

.244

1.19

2.87

.571

.809

.520

.427

.406

.333

.733

(depth in 

inches).

0.65

.54

.45

.28

1.24

3.31

.64

.93

.58

.49

.47

.37

9.95

IOWA RIVER AT MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 84 N., R. 18 W., at Third Avenue highway bridge, 1 mile

north of Marshalltown, Marshall County, and about 1 mile below site of old

gaging station. 

DKAINAGB AKEA. 1,380 square miles (measured on map issued by United States

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1915, to September 30, 1918; February 23, 1903, to

August 8,1903, from old site 1 mile above present station.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BAjSIN 105

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from right

pier; read hy B. S. Beehrle. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side oi hridge, to which gage

is attached. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change. Eight bank

not subject to overflow; left bank will be overflowed at siages about 13 feet. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum and minimum stages fever recorded occurred

during 1918; maximum stage, 17.74 feet June 4 (discharge, 42,000 second-feet);

minimum stage recorded, 1.86 feet November 24 (distehar^e, estimated 2 secondfeet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice Debember 9 to March 4;

observations discontinued during that period.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Three 

them very well defined, used during 1918. Gage read on< 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heighl

rating curves, none of 

:e daily to hundredths. 

to rating table, except

for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ioe, for which it was not 

d etermined. Open-water records fair.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

Mar. 25

j Made by 

A TlfttnQ ::::::::

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.35

15.36

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

479

1ft *7flft

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iqwa, for the year ending

aepi. 3U, iyis.

Day.

1...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

1... ................

8... ................

W... ................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

94 

81 

91 

94 

97

100 

12 

16 

33

44

97 

62 

72 

44 

36

36

47 

62 

69

62

97 

129 

110 

100

78

146 

129 

113 

110 

103 

110

Nov.

. 97 

103 

110 

113 

113

113 

113 

129 

113 

113

113 

129 

146 

100

84

87 

97 

110 

113 

113

97 

8 

33 

2 

42

65 

62 

56 

110 

97

Dec.

87 

94 

100 

68 

65

62 

56 

5

i

Mar.

496

514 

532 

532 

569 

496

532 

496 

645

684 

803

763 

835 

1,060 

1,320 

1,010

927

885 

645 

569

478

444 

394 

362 

346 

315 

315

Apr.

300 

300 

315

285 

285

270 

270 

270 

256 

256

241 

241 

241 

227 

227

256 

270 

315 

331 

300

315 

362 

346 

362 

300

285 

270 

107 

256 

270

May.

270 

256 

256 

241 

241

227 

213 

227 

569 

461

362

444 

723 

885 

763

763 

461 

1,960 

1,240

803

2,030 

2,670 

3,210 

6,380 

6,520

1,970 

1,710 

1,620 

1,420 

5,860 

8,580

Jiro

6,8 

6,S 

10,1 

39,4 

35,2

24, « 

6,5 

6,] 

15,1 

9,1

6,? 

5,2 

3,5 

2,« 

2,1

1,1 

1,{ 

1,5 

1,5

2,S

4,C 

5,C 

1,S 2,' 

2,<

1,' 

fti,; i,<

e.

20 

70 

00 

00 

00

00 

:40 

10 

00 

40

i20 

70 

10 

70 

30

120 

70 

80 

!40 

170

«P 

60 

70 

40

ISO

10

70 

70 

60 

!30

July.

1,190 

1,060 

977 

852 

1,190

1,020 

1,280 

1,920 

1,870 

1,620

1,330 

1,150 

935 

893

770

770 

1,020 

690 

530 

566

530 

461 

530 

495

427

410 

410 

495 

495 

530 

495

Aug.

427 

410 

346 

346 

362

362 

316

286 

258 

230

216 

202 

202 

202 

202

176 

189 

189 

216 

286

461 

612 

690 

690 

730

770 

770 

690 

566 

461 

427

Sept.

394 

410 

316 

301 

272

258 

244 

230 

230 

216

230 

230 

244 

230 

316

331 

301 

272 

244 

230

216 

202 

2ti2 

216 

189

189 

163 

150 

163 

258

NOTE. Discharge NOT. 22 and 24. and Dec. 8 affected by storage above Ma r 

for these dates estimated. Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice Dec. 

determined.

irshalltown. Daily discharge 

9 t > Mar. 4; dairy discharge not
106 WATEB SUPPLY, 1018, PART

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Marshaltiown, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

146 

146 

362 

8,580 

39,400 

1,920 

770 

410

tfMmnm.

12 

2 

107 

213 

1,240 

410 

176 

150

Mean.

79.7 

92.7 

278 

1,720 

7,060 

868 

899 

248

Per 

square 

mile.

0.058 

.067 

.201 

1.24 

6.11 

.628 

.287 

.179

Run-offl 

(depth IB 

inches).

0.07 

.07 

.22 

1.43 

5.70 

.72 

.83 

.21

IOWA BIVEK AT IOWA CITY, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 79 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge 500 feet below Chicago, 

Kock Island & Pacific Railway main-line bridge; three-quarters of a mile below 

Iowa State University's power plant, three-quarters of a mile downstream from old 

gaging station, which was at county highway bridge a short distance above dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,140 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 30, 1913, to September 30, 1918, at present site; 

June 11,1903, to July 21,1906, at old gaging station.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream handrail of bridge about 40 feet from 

left-hand end of first span from left bank; read by A. Kostal.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached, or from 

a boat about 1,000 feet below highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; subject to change. Bight bank 

high and will not be overflowed; left bank will be overflowed at high stage under 

a pile trestle approach to the bridge and beyond left end of the approach at 

extremely high stage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage ever recorded occurred this year; gage 

height 19.45 feet, June 7 (discharge, 36,200 second-feet); minimum stage during 

this year, 0.15 foot May 10 (discharge, 190 second-feet); minimum discharge 

of record, 10 second-feet December 26,1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winter period; observations 

discontinued.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at low stages, owing to operation 

of power plant above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation shifting. Three rating curves used during 

1918; the 1917 curve was used to December 5, and is well defined during the 

period used; curves used March 10 to June 5, and June 6 to September 30, are 

not well defined. Gage read once daily to half-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except for period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which the daily discharge was 

not determined. All records for 1918 at this station are unsatisfactory on account 

of persistent shifting of the channel both before and after the record-breaking 

flood of June.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Mar. 25

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12

16.38

Discharge.

8ec.-Jt. 

1,170

26,200
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Iowa City,

Sept. SO, 1918.

Iowa

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

218

200

158

136

158

225

300

262

262

184

174

1S4

190

174

ion

184

158

152

136

136

152

158

158

152

158

168

136

152

168

184

Nov.

200

200

207

918

236

225

O1 Q

225

200

190

184

207

225

243

262

280

991

236

1QA

168

174

190

9fW

225

262

99ft

207

9A7

190

168

Dec.

149

262

152

190

200

Mar.

1,340

1,280

1,340

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,280

1,100

1,220

1,220

1,280

1,220

1,280

1,340

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,040

875

875

765

765

Apr.

710

710

765

710

685

660

635

685

610

710

610

fifin

KQC

Q1 A

OKO

442

635

710

685

QOA

765

765

738

738

738

710

685

738

685

May.

685

660

QQQ

535

449

635

585

442

535

190

635

635

635

635

585

610

930

3 nan

1,880

2,160

2

oon

2,300,

2,300

6,430

7,120

S Eftft

14,200

13,500

12,800

11.900

11,300

Jui

7,

4.

*j

19' 9

f,4,

33,

85,

30,

?,5,

">n

1ft

1*,

11;

9

7,

ft.

4,

3,

3,

4,

4,

4.

3,

4,

4,

V

3,

3j

ie.

!40

rso

too

)30

00

wo

too

m

rno

m

m

m

m

mQrt

m

m'60

>SO

IRA

LOO

00

un

160

i20

i20

utn

on

m

fiO

July.

2,700

2

44/1

2

1 em

1

7Qrt

1,860

1,860

7 220

5,750

5,490

6,010

5,620

3,550

3,060

2 1ftn

2,350

2,350

2,020

2,020

1,700

1,630

1,410

1,410

1,270

2,020

1,270

1,200

665

1,140

1,080

1,010

950

Aug.

775

950

QQfi

son

890

830

830 890

775

665

775

775

onn

77 f\

665

830

1,080

950

775

665

775

775

775

775

890

610

665

560

560

3,850

2,790

Sept.

1,410

1,080

775

365

610

665

77E

4Af|

410

775

77 14

560

Ejm

775

4AA

560

430

460

460

dfift

4fin

460

410

410

QA3

365

365

342

365

10T

;, for the year ending

NOTE. Daily discharge at low and medium stages, unsati: isfactory; at _.. high, stages _... ... they

reliable: should be used with caution on account of persistent shifting of i le channel di 

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 9; daily discharge not < Letermined,

are considered 

uring the year.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the yea 

[Drainage area, 3,140 square miles.]

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

April..........................................

HtSy... ....... .................................

July...........................................

Discharge in secon

\FaTrJTniTm .

300 

280 

820 

14,200 

35,300 

7,220 

8,850 

1,410

Minimum.,

136 

168 

310 

190 

3,160 

665 

560 

342

M

1

d-feet.

Ban.

179 

213 

659 

3.540 

1,000 

2.490 

955 

576

Per 

square 

mile.

0.057 

.068 

. .209 

1.13 

3.50 

.793 

.304 

.183

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.07 

.08 

.23 

1.30 

3.90 

.91 

.35 

.20

IOWA RIVER AT WAPELLO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 74 N., R. 3 W., at highway bridge half

station at Wapello, Louisa County, and 20 miles from

No large tributaries enter near station. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. At gaging station, 12,480 square miles; a

miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological

500,000). 

RECOBDS AVAILABLE. February 26,1915, to September 80, 1918

a mile from railroad 

mouth of Iowa River.

mouth, 12,600 square 

Survey; scale, 1 to
108 WATER SUPPLY, 1&18, PAET V.

GAGE. Chain gage attached near center of first span from righ;fc abutment; read by 

C. W. Warren.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; shifts slightly. Eight 

bank hjigh and will not be overflowed. Levee along left bank broke, causing 

considerable flooding of cultivated land in June, 1918.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.94 feet, 6 p. m. 

June 8 (discharge, 63,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0 foot December 

11 (discharge affected by ice). The flood of June, 1892, was probably much higher 

than the flood of 1918.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Two rating curves used 

during 1918; well denned throughout. Gage read once daily to hundredths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except 

for the period February 21-25, when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was ascertained from occasional gage readings and temperature 

records; stage-discharge relation was also affected by ice from December 6 to 

February 12, but daily discharges were not determined. Open-water records 

good; winter records fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 28: Gage height, 3.16 feet; discharge, 7,090 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River, at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

91

22..........

23..........

24..........

25

26..........

27..........

28.......... 

29.......... 

30..........

31..........

Oct.

1,770

1 770

1,700

1,630

1,630

1,630

1.630

1,770

1,630

1,560

1,560

1 560

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,500

1,500

1,560

1,560

1,630

1,560

1,500

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,560

1,630

1,770 

1,770 

1,700

1,630

Nov.

1,630

1,630

1,770

1.770

1,700

1,700

1 700

1,630

1 630

1,630

1,630

1 700

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,560 

1,560 

1,560

Dec.

1,560

1,500

1,500

1,440

1,310

........

........

Feb.

16,900

22,100

21,300

19,200

13,200

11,800

10,200

7,510

4,500

4,000

5,000

7,000

10,000

9,260

8,070

7,790

........

Mar.

7,790

7,790

8,660

9,260

8,960

7,790

7510

6,470

5,980

5,280

5,060

4,840

5,060

5,060

5,060

5,060

5,280

5,510

5,980

6,470

7,240

7,510

8,660

8,360

8,360

8,360

7,510

6,470 

5,980 

5,060

4,620

Apr.

4,190

3,990

3,790

3,590

3,590

3,400

3 400

3.400

3,210

3,030

2,850

2.680

2,680

2,520

2,520

2.520

2,520

2,520

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,520 

2,520 

2,360

May.

2,360

2,360

2,280

2,210

2,210

2,210

2,280

2,280

2,280

2,360

2,360

2,680

3,210

4,190

4,400

4,620

4,840

5,060

9,570

7,510

7,510

8,660

8,360

21,700

23,800

26,500

30,700

31,200 

32,700 

29,200

26,500

June.

23,400

22,100

20,500

22,100

28,300

37,400

55,800

59,600

60,300

58,300

53,900

46,500

39,000

32,200

24,200

19,600

16,500

14,600

13,200

11,700

11,400

11,000

11,000

11,000

11,400

11,700

11,700

15,400 

12,400 

11,000

July.

11,000

10,700

11,700

11,700

12,100

16,100

16,900

19,200

17,700

15,700

15,400

13,900

11,000

9,410

8,480

8,180

7,300

6,740

6,470

6,740

6,470

6,200

6,200

6,470

6,740

5,440

4,740

4.740 

5.200 

5,440

5,690

Aug.

7,020

5,690

5,440

4,970

4,740

4,520

s'sfio

3*470

3,280

3,280

3,280

3,280

3,470

3,470

3,470

3,470

4,090

5,940

6,740

7,300

7,590

8,480

9,410

9,410

9,730

9,410

9,100 

9,100 

9,100

10,000

Sept.

7,880

6,470

5,690

4,520

4,300

4 nan

3,880

3,670

3,67a

3,670

3,670

3,670

3,470

3,470

3,470

3,670

3,670

3,470

3,470

3,280

3,090

2,070

2,730

2,730

2,730

2,560

2,560

2.560 

2,560 

2,560

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Dec. 6 to Feb. 12 and Feb. 21-25; daily discharge for 

latter period determined from gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of temperature records.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 109

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 12,480 square miles.]

Month.

March..........!..............................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,770 

1,770 

9.260 

4,190 

32,700 

60,300 

19,200 

10,000 

7,880

Minimum.

1,440 

1,500 

4 620 

2,360 

2,210 

11,000 

4 740 

3,280 

2,070

Mean.

1,610 

1 610 

6,680 

2,930 

10300 

25,900 

9,670 

6,010 

3,640

Per 

square 

mile.

0.129 

.129 

.535 

.235

.825 

2.07 

.775 

.481 

.292

Kun-ofi 

(depth in 

inches).

0.15 

.14 

.62 

.26 

.95 

2.31 

.89 

.55 

.33

CEDAR RIVER AT JANESVTLLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 91N., R. 14 W., at Illinois Central Railroad bridgea quarter 

of a mile below highway bridge and 3 miles above junction with Shellrock River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 26, 1905, to September 30, 1906; May 28, 1915, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream guardrail of bridge about center of left span; 

read by James Townsend.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; shifting. Banks high and not 

subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.9 feet, March 

20 (discharge, 7,220 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.72 foot October 17 

(discharge, 165 second-feet).

1905-6 and 1915-1917: Maximum discharge occurred March 28,1906 (discharge, 

22,600 second-feet); mi'Trimum stage recorded, 0.72 foot, October 17, 1917 (discharge, 165 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

REGULATION. May be slight diurnal fluctuation of water level owing to operation 

of power plant at Waverly, 9 miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Rating curve used October 

1 to July 29, well denned throughout; from July 30 to September 30, a series of 

transition curves were used to allow for backwater caused by construction of 4 

new piers in the gaging section. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except July 

30 to September 30. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 6 to 

March 16; daily discharges not determined. Records excellent October to July 

and fair August and September.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 23: Gage height, 4.48 feet; discharge, 2,090 second-feet.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

537

410

352

352

410

514

371

267

390

352

309

242

275

281

242

179

165

217

248

205

239

242

245

226

242

236

261

255

223

371

334

Nov.

302

288

371

271

281

267

261

248

410

267

271

217

236

255

232

267

239

255

236

275

288

309

232

236

236

248

255

248

214

217

Dec.

211

223

214

220

232

Mar.

2,830

3

OAf\

5,130

7,220

5,520

3,110

2,020

1,750

1,230

1.060

1,010

903

802

583

630

Apr.

471

COO

f\KQ

559

iQS

493

430

352

334

430

430

410

410

410

334

390

430

410

OQA

'390

371

334

KH1

371

352

352

352

352

371

390

May.

430

316

334

316

316

281

274

312

1,570

752

903

1,390

1,120

852

703

559

630

606

1,170

3,210

3,110

3,940

1,570

1,750 1 34n

1,060

900

1,400

2,240

3,210

3,210

June.

2,400

2,320

3,620

4,170

2,480

2,240

1,750

1,390

1,170

1,120

1,010

903

703

703

679

654

559

606

70S

852

1,010

1,280

955

728

752

752

679

703

654

703

July.

537

606

1517

493

537

752

802

630

559

559

537

430

430

430

430

451

703

728

654

606

583

537

493

493

537

852

3,720

2,560

1,750

720

780

Aug.

720

7?n

580

580

580

580

510

460

440

420

380

380

380

4M

Ann

700

3 SAn

2,830

4,060

4,060

3,020

1,950

1,690

1,200

1 140

1,020

850

620

850

620

590

Sept.

ion

510

640 sfift

ion

400

350

17f*

420

330

son

670

640

540

690

630

560 win

440

370

310

290

290

nn

550

580

530

500

450

NOTE. Discharge May 26 and 27 and Sept. 29 and 30, estimated from Clarksville discharge. Discharge 

Sept. 17-21 interpolated. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 16; daily discharge not 

determined.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,660 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

MaT.... .......................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

537 

410 

583 

3,940 

4,170 

3,720 

4,060 

890

Minimum.

165 

214 

334 

274 

559 

430 

380 

290

Mean.

296 

284 

411 

1,280 

1,280 

788 

1,180 

499

Per

rquare 

mile.

0.178 

.159 

.248 

.771 

.771 

.475 

.711 

.301

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.20 

.18 

.28 

.89 

.86 

.55 

.82 

.34

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 83 N., E. 7 W., in central part of Cedar Eapids, Linn County, 

half a mile below dam, between electric-railroad bridge and Eighth Avenue 

bridge.

DRAINAGE AEEA. At gaging station, 6,640 square miles; at junction with Iowa Eiver, 

7,930 square miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; 

scale, 1 to 500,000).

EECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1902, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage fastened to posts driven in right bank of river in rear of 

plant of Iowa Windmill & Pump Co. plant; read by E. S. Toogood. Elevation 

of zero of gage from Northwestern Eaikoad levels, 723.03 feet above sea level.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIH. Ill

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from different bridges in the vicinity of gage,

according to the stage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; free from vegetation;

practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.9 feet, June 7

(discharge, 27,800 second-feet); minimum, stage recorded during year, 2.65 feet,

various dates (discharge, 460 second-feet). 

1902-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 17.2 feet April 1, 1912, and March 26,

1917 (discharge, 54,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.65 feet, July

24-28,1911 (discharge, 410 second-feet). Greatest known flood probably occurred

in June, 1851, when the maximum stage was about 20 feet, and the 'discharge

about 65,000 second-feet. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, except in very mild winters, when the

swift current and the proximity to po,wer plant keep the measuring section open. 

REGULATION. Power dam above gaging station since 1017 produces marked effect

on gage readings. There is no dam below gage which might cause backwater. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Bating curve Well defined.

Gage read once daily, to tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

 gage height to rating table, except for period when fetage-discharge relation was

affected by ice, for which discharges were not determined. Open-water records

excellent. 

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 24: Gage height, 5.86 feet; discharge, 8,300 second-feet.

Dotty discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, W8.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

4..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9.. ...... ..

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

30..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

2o.. ........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29

30..........

31..........

Oct.

1,100

946

945

1,100

1,100

945

945

946

945

946

945

80o

945

945

805

945

680

945

' 680

680

680

645

680

680

680

680

1,260

1,100

680

680

805

Nov.

680

945

680

805

680

680

1.100

680

680

805

805

680

565

680

665

565

680

680

680

945

680

565

680

680

680

680

565

680

805

805

Dec.

805

460

680

680

680

Feb.

5,790

6,410

5,790

Mar.

8,180

6.180

4,590

4,590

4,010

3,870

3,870

3,590

3,320

3,320

3,590

3,590

3,870

3,590

4,590

4,010

4,010

5,790

6,410

7>050

7,690

8,340

10,400

9,000

7 050

6,410

4. HQft"

3,870

3,590

3,320

3,050

Apr,

3,050

2,650

2,320

2,080

2,080

1,860

1,860

1,660

1,860 i Mn

1,280

1,460

1 4Rrt

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,280

1,460

1,660

1,460

1 460

1*460

1,280

1,280

. 1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

May.

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,460

.2,080

2,320

3,870

5,180

6,790

5,790

5,180

4,010

5,180

5,790

5,180

5,790

7,690

9 $.dfi

11,400

12,500

11,100

8 1ACI

9,680

7,690 e'4io

7,690

June.

10,000

14,800

16,300

17,100

24,200

23,400

26,200

26,200

21,800

17 Qrtfl

24,000

9,680

8,670

6,410

5. ISO

4,&90

4,010

4,010

3,870

3 jUtft

3,590

3,870

4,590

5,180

5,180

4 S90

4,010

4,010

4; 590

4,590

July.

4,010

4,010

3,870

3,o90

3,590

3,870

4,590

5,790

7,050

5,790

5,790

4,590

4,010

3,870

.3,690

3,050

3,050

3,590

3.870

3,590

3,320

3,050

3,050

2,800

2,5oO

2,320

2,808

3.060

5,790

6,410

5,180

Aug.

5,180

3,690

2,550

2,550

2,550

2,320

2,320

2,080

2,080

2,320

2,080

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,860

2,080

2,080

2,080

4,590

7,060

8,340

8,340

8.340

7,690

6,410

6,790

3,590

4,010

4,010

5,180

3,590

Sept.

3,320

2,800

2,660

2,550

2,800

2,560

2,320

2,080

2,080

1,880

2,320

2,080

1,880

2,320

2,800

2,5&0

2,550

2,320

2,320

2,080

2,080

1,860

1,880

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Feb. 25; daily discharge not determined.
112 STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PABT V.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1&1S. 

[Drainage area, 6,640 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May................ ...........................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,260 

1,100 

10,400 

3,050 

12,500 

26,200 

7,050 

8,340 

3,320

Minimum.

680 

565 

3,050 

1,280 

1,280 

3,590 

2,320 

1,860 

1,660

Mean.

876 

713 

5,010 

1,620 

5,150 

10,200 

4,060 

3,880 

2,200

Per 

square 

mile.

0.132 

.107 

.755 

.244 

.775 

1.54 

.610 

.584 

.331

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.15 

.12 

.87 

.27 

.89 

1.72 

.70 

.67 

.37

SHELLB.OCK RIVER HEAR CLARKSVTLLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 92 N., R. 16 W., at highway bridge 11 miles northwest ol Clarksville, Butler County, and 25 miles above junction with Cedar Eiver. x No laige 

tributaries enter for several miles up and down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles at station and 2,680 square miles at junction 

with Cedar Eiver (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; 

scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 28, 1915, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain, gage attached to handrail on upstream side of bridge 75 feet from right 

abutment; read by Mrs. H. H. Sherburne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and sand; probably permanent. 

Right bank high and will not be overflowed; left bank will probably be overflowed during extreme high stage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.4 feet, August 

17 (discharge, 9,380 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.2 feet November 28 (discharge, 135 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 14.7 feet, March 22, 1917 (probably affected by ice); minimum stage recorded, 1.15 feet October 23, 1916 (discharge, 

125 second-feet). In April, 1907, a stage of approximately 16.5 feet was reached 

(discharge, about 19,000 second-feet).

JQE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice and observations discontinued during 

winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve well defined between 200 and 10,000 second-feet; not well defined outside these trmlfai. 

Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage height to rating table, except for the following periods; July 28-29, 

estimated from Janesville, October 1-8, November 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 15, discharge interpolated; December 4 to March 18, discharge not determined because 

of ice effect. Records excellent, except for extremely low and high stages, which 

are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 24: Gage height, 3.42 feet; discharge, 1,290 second-feet.
TIPPEB MISSISSIPPI RIVEB BASIN. 113

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shellrock River near Cl 

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

l..... .. ............

2...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8

.

10...................

11...................

12...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

^

21.. ....... ..........

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

9S

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

203 

197 

191 

185 

179

173 

167 

161 

155 

155

175 

155 

155 

155 

175

165 

155 

188 

188

188

188 

188 

175 

175 

175

200 

200 

240 

225 

212 

188

Nov.

188 

212 

212 

200 

240

225 

220 

216 

212 

206

200 

200 

200 

192 

183

175 

175 

175 

175 

175

175 

175 

165 

165 

155

155 

145 

135 

145 

165

Dec.

155 

155 

155

Mar.

3,360 

3,700

2,340 

1,810 

1,500 

1,280 

1,000

870 

740 

650 

592 

565 

510

Apr.

485 

460 

435 

410 

410

388 

365 

325 

325 

325

308 

290 

272 

272 

272

272 

290 

388 

308 

308

308 

308 

290 

255 

240

240 

225 

240 

272 

255

May.

255 

240 

240 

225 

200

188 

188 

200 

772 

4,040

3,360 

1,980 

1,340 

1,000 

805

680 

538 

680 

935 

650

592 

592 

565 

565 

510

460 

435 

1,980 

3,930 

4,880 

3,140

irksville, Iowa, for the year

June.

2,730 

2,630 

2,530 

3,580 

2,730

2,530 

2,060 

1,490 

1,280 ijooo

870 

710 

650 

510

485

435 

410

388 

388 

565

435

388 

388 

388 

365

365 

410 

620 

485 

383

July.

410 

410 

410 

365 

410

592 

650 

538 

460 

435

365 

345 

325 

325 

565

620 

538 

460 

410 

365

325 

325 

290 

290 

290

2,240 

2,440 

2,000 

1,000 

538 

485

Aug.

460 

410 

365 

345 

325

308 

808 

290 

290 

290

272 

272 

272 

272 

272

2,810 

9,090 

6,570 

4,400 

3,360

2,440 

2,060 

1,900 

1,730 

1,420

1,200 

1,000 

805 

710 

620 

592

Sept.

592 

565 

538 

538 

510

400 

435 

410 

365 

365

620 

935 

740 

592 

538

510 

485 

435 

410 

410

365 

345 

345 

325 

325

308 

308 

290 

272 

272

INUTJS. .uisunarge . Discharge JulyUIY 28 za anduu 29 z»estimated tisuiiiaieu from iuiJanesville janesvuie discharge. uisyuarge. Discharge Oct. 1 to 8, Nov. 7, 8, 

10,12,14, and 15 interpolated. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 4 to Mar. 19; daily discharge 

not determined.

Monthly discharge of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 1,660 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May..... . . ...

June ...........................................

July...........................................

September.....................................

Discharge in s

Maximum.

240 

240 

485 

4,880 

3,580 

2.440 

9,090 

935

Minimum .

155 

135 

225 

188 

365 

290 

272 

272

scond-feet.

Mean.

182 

185 

318 

1,170 

1,070 

620 

1,470 

454

Per 

square 

mile.

0.109 

.111 

.192 

.704 

.645 

.373 

.886 

.273

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.12 

.13 

.22 

.81 

.74 

.43 

1.02 

.31

SKUNK RIVER AT COPPOCK, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 36, T. 74 N., R. 8 W., at highway biidge one-eighth of a mile 

above Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Eailroad bridge and a quarter of a mile 

above junction with Crooked Creek.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 2,890 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000). 

1688° 21 WSP 475 8
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 21, 1913, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by J. W. Eicks.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.7 feet, 7.30 

p. m. June 9 (discharge, 19,600 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 78 

second-feet October 13.

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 24 feet, May, 1903 (discharge, 30,000 second-feet); TmmTrmm discharge, 52 second-feet, October 17,1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of February and again 

during high water of June, requiring use of two rating curves, one applicable 

October 1 to December 5 and June 11 to September 30, and the other applicable 

February 14 to June 10; both are fairly well defined. Gage read once daily to 

hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating 

table, except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which daily discharges were not determined. Daily discharge interpolated June 

23 and August 15. Open-water records good.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 28: Gage height, 3.20 feet; discharge, 348 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

22

28..........

24..........

25..........

26.. ....... .

27..........

28..........

29

80..........

91

Oct.

104

95

104

114

104

95

95

95

95

95

95

86

78

Qfi

104

95

104

157

124

104

104

95

95

86.

86

114

208

124

124

114

114

Nov.

114

114

114

114

114

104

104

114

104

104

114

104

104

104

124

104

104

104

114

104

104

104

104

104

104

95

114

104

104

114

Dec.

104

104

104

104

104

Feb.

2,840

3,660

3.570

3.230

2,770

1,650

890

690 740

840

Mar.

1,160

1,280

1,780

1,780

1,340

1,160

1,000

890

840

645

600

600

560

560

520

520

520

520

501

464

447

430

430

430

396

380

364

364

348

332

332

Apr.

317

302

288

260

260

317

317

317

288

288

274

274

260

260

246

317

348

348

332

317

348

364

364

348

348

348

348

348

348

332

May.

317

302

288

274

260

260

348

288

288

430

274

246

220

233

233

233

220

317

1,060

690

740

1,160

840

2,120

4,200

3,480

3,830

5,170

7,100

7,100

6,620

Jane.

4,480

3,920

3,830

3,400

5,700

8,540

10,700

14,000

18,000

18,800

16,200

13,500

11,300

9,810

8,670

7,100

6,020

4,840

3,830

2,260

1,680

1,560

1,430

1,300

1,760

1,820

2,330

2.960

3,290

2,480

July.

2,960

1,760

1,300

995

940

885

1,420

2,180

1 490

1,680

2,100

1,760

1,300

1 '885 060

835

735

690

645

600

520

520

480

690

560

440

405

388

370

355

340

Aug.

310

295

280

265

265

250

238

226

214

202

202

190

179

179

179

179

226

340

310

310

1,620

885

600

1,060

480

440

340

280

250

355

370

Sept.

- 520

835

835

645

405

340

265

226

214

202

202

190

179

168

179

168

157

157

146

135

135

124

114

114

124

114

114

114

104

114

NOTE. Daily discharge interpolated June 23 and Aug. 15. Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice 

Dec. 6 to Feb. 13 and Feb. 20-24: daily discharge not determined.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASHGT

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for

[Drainage area, 2,890 square miles.

115

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

October.......................................

March .......... . . ............... .......

Aroll..................... .....................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in s

Maximum.

208 

124 

1.780 

364 

7.100 

18,800 

2,960 

1 620 

835

Minimum.

78* 

95 

332 

246 

220 

1,300 

340 

179 

104

cond-feet.

Mean.

107 

108 

693 

314 

1,580 

6,520 

1,010 

372 

245

Per 

square 

mile.

0.037 

.037 

.240 

.109 

.547 

2.25 

.349 

.129 

.085

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.04 

.04 

.28 

.12 

.63 

2.51 

.40 

.15 

.09

SKtTNK RIVER AT AUGUSTA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 69 N., R. 4 W., at highway bridge one-third of a mile from 

Augusta post office, Des Moines County, and 12.2 miles from mouth of Skunk 

River, where it empties into pond of Mississippi River Power Co., 32.2 miles 

above dam at Keokuk, Iowa.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 4,290 square miles; at mouth, 4,350 square miles 

(measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 30, to November 15, 1913; May 27, 1915, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 95 feet from left 

abutment; read once daily by L. E. Williamson. Staff gage attached to downstream left side of middle pier, used by engineers of the Hydraulic Engineering 

Co. of Maine during 1913. Datum of staff gage approximately 0.73 feet higher 

than datum of chain gage. Staff gage taken out by ice in spring of 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change. Right bank 

high and will not be overflowed; left bank will only be overflowed at extremely 

high stage. Remains of old mill dam 600 feet below gage will probably make 

stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. The riffle at the dam causes a drop of 

3 feet at medium low stage. Backwater from the Mississippi may occur once 

in about 50 years.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Prior to 1918: Maximum stage recorded approximately 

21 feet about June 1,1903 (discharge, nearly 45,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 63 second-feet November 10, 1913; absolute minimum discharge 

at this station probably 25 second-feet or less.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 5 to February 25. 

Gage height records withheld from publication until further information can be

obtained with which to correct them.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Date.

Mar. 9

May 25 

30

Madeby-^

.....do................. 

.....do.................

4CL

Feet. 

3.03

7.02 

12.06

Discharge.

8ec.-)t. 

1,020

7,710 

14,500

Date.

13

Sept. 25

Made byBolster and Hodge ..... 

A. Davis...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.32

13.51 

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

24,400

17,100 

105

NOTE. Gage heights liable to ±0.1 foot error.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

DBS MOIRES RIVER AT KALO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 88 N., R. 28 W., at highway bridge at Kalo, Webster County, 

1J miles east of Otho, a station on Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and 1J miles 

above mouth of Holiday Creek, which enters from left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,170 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey, scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October" 18, 1913, to September 30, 1918, except October, 

1914, to March 21,1915, when the station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge in middle of right span; 

read by S. C. Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS . Made from bridge, to which gage isattached,or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control. Bed composed of gravel and is 

fairly permanent. Point of zero flow estimated to be at gage height 1.0 foot.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.8 feet June 4 

(discharge, 11,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot for various 

days in October, November, and December (discharge, 128 second-feet).

1913-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 14.0 feet, May 30, 1915 (discharge, 18,500 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.2 foot October 5,1917 (discharge, 57 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice and observations discontinued during 

winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent throughout year. Rating curve 

well defined between 200 and 12,000 second-feet; extended below 200 secondfeet and only roughly approximate. Gage read once daily to quarter-tenths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for 

the following periods; June 9, July 4, and September 15, for which discharge was 

interpolated; December 6 to March 16 when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice for which daily discharges were not determined. Records excellent 

except below 200 second-feet, which are roughly approximate.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 23: Gage height, 4.05; discharge, 2,740 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

236

196

178

216

57

128

178

160

160

160

144

178

196

128

128

128

160

144

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

144

160

160

160

160

Nov.

160

160

160

160

160

160

144

160

178

100

128

160

128

144

128

128

144

128

114

114

114

IOQ

128

160

100

114

196

196

128

128

Dec.

128

128

128

128

128

Mar.

1 640

1^640

1 73fi

2,100

2,520

2,740

2.740

2,000

1 CLfifl

1,320

1,180

1,110

1,040

905

905

Apr.

840

775

872

710

645

615

645

615

585

525

420

302

470

470

420

645

585

555

585

585

645

585

585

585

555

525

445

395

585

May.

525

370

280

525

420

370

302

280

325

370

585

fil ^

970

Q7fl

1,040

808

585

585

585

615

677

710

710

905

1,320

1,480

2,000

2,100

3,220

3,590

3.980

June.

3,720

3,740

2,980

11,400

7,650

8,130

9,310

8,290

6,470

4,650

3,590

2,860

2,300

2,000

.1,730

1,560

1,400

1,180

1,180

1,110

1,040

1,040

905

872

840

808

710

775

775

525

July.

645

615

585

664

742

525

775

1,040

1,040

1,180

1,040

Q7n

872

710

645

710

445

585

525

710

710

872

445

555

280

420

470

905

970

 872

840

Aug.

677

555

498

470

498

347

347

280

325

420

370

370

395

420

280

555

280

370

710

1,320

1,480

1,730

1,910

2,410

2,630

2,860

2,860

2,740

2,520

2,200

1,910

Sept.

1 640

l)320

1,110

QflR

Qftfi

070

872

775

645

585

840

coc

585

710

632

555

585

710

555

585

585

KCK

Wi

470

470

420

258

280

258

236

NOTE. Discharge June 9, July 4, and Sept. 15 interpolated. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 6 to Mar. 16; discharge not determined.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 117

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, far the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 4,170 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

236 

196 

872 

3.980 

11,400 

1,180 

2,860 

1,640

Minimum.

57 

100 

302 

280 

525 

280 

280 

236

Mean.

159 

142 

576 

1.030 

3.080 

721 

1,120 

666

Per 

square 

mile.

0.038 

.034 

.138 

.247 

.739 

.173 

.268 

.160

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

.0.04 

.04 

.15 

.28 

.82 

.20 

.31 

.18

DES MOIRES RIVER AT DES MOIRES, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 78 N., R. 24 W., at Walnut Street Bridge at Des Moines, Polk 

County, one-third of a mile above mouth of Raccoon River and 205 miles above 

mouth of Des Moines River.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 6,180 square miles. Effective area at high stages, including 

Raccoon River, 9,770 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 2, 1902, to August 3, 1903; October 1, 1914, to September 30, 1918, at Walnut Street Bridge. From May 26,1905, to July 20,1906, 

records were collected at Interurban Bridge near Highland Park, about 5 miles 

above present station. The United States Weather Bureau has maintained a 

gage at Locust Street Bridge from July 1, 1897, to January, 1912, and at Walnut 

Street Bridge from January, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. The original Weather Bureau gage is a staff gage at Locust Street Bridge, 

one block above Walnut Street Bridge. In January, 1912, a Fries; water-stage 

recorder was installed by the United States Weather Bureau near south end of 

the second pier from east abutment of Walnut Street Bridge. This gage is set to 

read the same as Locust Street gage. A copper float ija a 9-inch pipe connects 

with the register at top, which is graduated to record graphically stages from 0 to 

33 feet. Gage zero is 774.74 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made at any one of several bridges below power dam, 

according to the stage. Channel satisfactory for accurate measurements.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A sheet-piling dam was constructed about 300 feet above 

the old mouth of Raccoon River about September, 1013. This dam, called a 

"beauty dam," is for the purpose of raising low-water stage of river a few feet, 

thus improving the appearance of the river through the park along the bank. 

The pooled water from this dam extends past gage to power dam at low water. 

The dam thus forms a fairly permanent control at low stages. It is drowned out 

at stages of 8 to 10 feet, depending on the stage in Raccoon River. Dam is now 

in poor repair, and the stage-discharge relation has been affected thereby.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.5 feet 1.30 a. m. 

June 7; minimum stage recorded, 2.6 feet September 29.

1897-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 22.6 feet May 31, 1903; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.8 foot at various times.

ICE. The effect of the power dam above station is to improvp the conditions of winter 

flow, but severe winters and occasional ice jams below gjage seriously affect stagedischarge relation.

REGULATION. Edison Power & Light Co.' s dam, about one-quarter of a mile above gage, 

causes slight diurnal fluctuation of stage. This dam is practically drowned out at a 

stage of 18 feet, although there is a perceptible ripple with a stage of 21 or 22 feet

COOPERATION. The gage-height records are furnished by the United States Weather 

Bureau. They are the readings shown by the graphic records at 8 a. m. Determinations of discharge withheld until additional data are collected. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 21: Gage height, 4.72 feet; discharge, 2,300 second-feet. \
118 STTBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily gage "height, in feet, of Des Mwnes River at Des Moines, Iowa,fofffie year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

I........................................ .

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................ 20.................:..........................

30............................................

31............................................

Mar.

3.80

3.80 i on

s fin

3.70

1 7fi

3.90

4.20

4.60

4 90

5.10

5.20

5.00

4.60

4.30

4.00

3.80

3.70

3.60

Apr.

3.50

3.40

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.60

2.60

8.30

3.30

3.30

3.30

o «m

3.30

O Aft

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.30

May.

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.10

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

3.50

3.90

4.00

3.90

3.90

3.80

3.60

a %(\

i in

i in

3.50

4.50

5.20

4.50

4 90

5.20

5.10

K oft

7.60

June.

8.10

7.80

7.50

9.00

10.90

14.90

16.30

16.00

15.40

13.40

10.60

9.00

8.20

6.60

6.10

5.70

5.40

5.00

4.80

4.50

4.30

4.50

4.50

4.40

4.00

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.70

3.60

July.

3.60

3.50

3.40

3.40

3.50

3.40

8.40

3.50

3.40

3.20

2.80

3.20

3.20

3.40

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

3.10

3.10

2.90

2.90

2.90

3.00

2.90

3.10

Aug.

3.40

3.30

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.90

2.80

2.90

2.70

2.70

2.90

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.90

3.40

3.70

3.90

4.20

4.50

5.00

4.80

4.70

4.60

4.40

Sept.

4.30

4.10

3.90

3.70

3.50

3.40

3.20

3.10

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.90

3.00

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.60

3.70

NOTE. Water-stage recorder not in operation Oct. 1 to Mar. 13.

DES MOINES RIVER AT OTTUKWA, IOWA.

LOCATION. At Market Street Bridge, Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa. No large

tributary within several miles up or down stream. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 13,200 square miles (measured from map issued by the United

States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Fragmentary high-water observations 1902-1916; daily records

March 29,1917, to September 30,1918. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge. Staff gage painted on

northeast face of north pier used prior to August 2,1917. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Vine Street Bridge about 1,500 feet below

gage and by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel probably fairly permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 13.9 feet, June

10 (discharge, 41,400 second-feet). Minimum stage recorded 1.3 feet various dates,

October and November (discharge, 435 second-feet). 

1917-18: Maximum stage recorded, 16.5 feet June 11,1917 (discharge, 58,700

second-feet; minimum stage, 1.3 feet various days in October and November,

1918. Maximum stage since 1850 and probably in the last century occurred May

31,1903, and exceeded 100,000 second-feet. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except as affected by ice.

Bating curve fairly well-defined. Gage read to tenths once daily. Daily discharge

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table except for periods when

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which daily discharges were not

determined. Open-water records good except for July, 1917. 

COOPERATION. Gage height record furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 21: Gage height, 2.62 feet; discharge, 2,210 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDea Moines River at OtturhijDa, Iowa, for the period Mar.

28,1917, to Sept. SO, 1918.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7..................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Day.

1917-18. 

1...................

; 2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7. ..................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

yi...... .............

22...... .............

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Day

1917

Oct.

625

625

525

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

435

435

435

435

435

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

625

525 R91

fi9i

191

625

Nov.

625

625

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

525

435

525

191

435

COR

435 43*1

Feb.

5,830

7 oin

7 <*an

6,600

3,730

2,220

2 eon

1,750

1,600

Mar.

2,220

9 oon

3,950

3,950

3,520

4,170

4,170

3,120

2,740

2,740

2 7JA

2,220

1 Qfln

2,220

2,220

2,060

2,060

2,220

2,220

1 Onn

2,060

2

ACA

2,220

2,740

3,120

3,320

3,320

S

Kfirt

9 ^tQfl

S flfifl

0 rtfift

Mar.

99 vnn

24,200

o«j Knn

20,600

Apr.

1 7in

1,750

1,750

1,460 i ifift

1,460

1,460

1,330

1,330

1 an

1 WM\

1,200

1,200

1 080

1^080

i nan

1,080

1,080

i nsn

i nsn

1,080

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,080

1,080

1 080

1J080 i ran

Apr.

17,100

13,300

11,500

10,400

10,100

9,540

8,180

8 180

8,180

8,180

7,910

7 oin

7,640

7 ftdfl

7 R4O

7 (un

7,640

7 <isn

7,120

6,860

6,860

6,600

6,600

7,120

7,380

7,120

7,120

7,120 7 iwi

9 

' 540

May.

1 080

'ofin

960

845

845

845

845

845

735

735

735

735

735

625

625

625

845

2 7Jfl

2,740

1,750

1,330

2

RAA

2,220

2,740

3,320

7,640

6,340

6 340 1

13)900'

12,700

9 

'

540

May.

14,900

14,500

11,500

14,900

17,100

14,500

15,200

12,700

10,700

8,990

8,720

8,180

7,910

7 fun.

7

0 Qrt

7,120

6,860

6,600

6,340

6,080

5,830

6,340

6,600

6,080

1 6,600

6,860

6,860

6,600

6,600

6,600

6,600

June.

8 ann

10,700

11,500

13,300

17,800

21,300

25,400

27,000

33,300 41 inn

<KJ 7rtft

<M onn

27,000

22,000

14,200

12,100

8,720

7,120

6,340

5,580

4,850

3 om

3,730

15,800

30,400

12,100

7 I9.n

5,330

^ osn

3,320

June.

6,600

11,500

19,200

17,500

25,800

30,000

38,000

40,800

41,400

55,100

58,700

52,300

56,500

52,300

45,700

39,100

33,800

17,800

17,100

13,300

12,100

10,900

9,820

8,990

8,180

7,640

7,120

8,720

8,180

8,180

July.

3,320

2,740

2,220

2,220

2,390

2,390

2,220

2,080

2,060

2,060

2,080

2,060

2,390

2,220

2,220

2,080

2,060

1,750

1,600

1,750

1,750

1,600

1 600

1,330

i ann

1,330

1,330

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,080

Aug.

2,080

2,060

1,900

1,900

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,460

,1,460

1,480

1,460

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1 '960 200

960

960

960

960

960

960

960

845

845

845

845

845

Aug.

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,330

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,080

1,080

1,080 960; nan

QA K

SA.H

HULK,

Qrtfl

1,080

1,330

1,750

2,560 i onn

2,560

3,320

2.220

2,560

2,560

<> BflA

0 7ifi

2,930

*> QOA

Sept.

845

735

735

735

735

2,740

7,380

6,860

4,390

2,390

1,750

1,600

1,600

1,600

1 4flO

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,200

1,200

960

960

735

735

625

625

625

625

625

625

Sept,

9 7<in

2 O3TI

4,170

2,930

2

0QA

1 7"trt

i flfift

1,600

i 4sn

1 460

i inn

1,200

1,200

I

QftA

i flan

1,080

845

845

Oflfl

flflO

gon

960

845

845

845

845

735

731

735

735

NOTE. Regular daily gage readings began Mar. 28,1917. Daily discharge for July, 1917, doubtful, hence 

not published. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Feb. 11 and Feb. 18-25,1918: discharge 

not determined.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Monthly discharge ofDes Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa, for the period Apr. 1,1917, to

~ t. SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 13,200 square miles.]

Month.

1917. 

April..........................................

Mav

July...........................................

1917-18.

March............................. ... . .

April..........................................

May............. ... . .

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,100 

17,100 

58,700

2,060 

7,380

625 

625 

4,170 

1,750 

13.900 

41,400 

3,320 

3,320 

4,170

Minimum.

6,600 

5,830 

6,600

845 

625

435 

435 

1,900 

1,080 

625 

3,320 

1,080 

845 

735

Mean.

8,430 

9,010 

25,400

1,280 

1,640

512 

499 

2,670 

1,260 

2,890 

16,000 

1,900 

1,650 

1,390

Per 

square 

mile.

0.638 

.683 

1.92

.097 

.124

0.039 

.038 

.202 

.095 

.219 

1.21 

.144 

.125 

.105

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.71 

.79 

2.14

.11 

.14

.04 

.04 

.23 

.11 

.25 

1.35 

.17 

.14 

.12

DBS MOINES RIVER AT KEOSAtTQtTA, IOWA.

^LOCATION. In sec. 36, T. 69 N., E. 10 W., at county bridge in Keosauqua, Van Buren 

County, a quarter of a mile above old dam site and Government locks. No large 

tributary enters Des Moines River for several miles up or down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 13,900 square miles; at mouth, 14,300 square 

; miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 

500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 30,1903, to July 21, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Corps); August 3, 1911, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge; read by Frank Sehreckengast.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel shifts considerably at flood stages. Control is a 

gravel riffle about a quarter of a mile below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.95 feet June 25 

(discharge, 39,800 second-feet); TnimnrniTn stage recorded 0.20 foot, several days 

in November and December (discharge, 760 second-feet).

1903-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 27.9 feet June 1, 1903 (discharge, 97,000 

second-feet); TnirriimiTn stage recorded, zero August 28 to September 6, 1911 

(discharge, 160 second-feet). On June 1, 1851, a stage of 24 feet was reached 

(discharge, 80,000 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Observations discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent for low and medium stages, 

except as affected by ice. Three fairly well defined rating curves were used. 

Gage read once daily to half-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage height to rating tables except for period when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which daily discharge was not determined; daily discharge usually interpolated on Sundays, when no gage reading was taken. Open 

water records good.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 20: Gage height, 1.14 feet; discharge, 2,150 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN. 121

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDes Maines River at Keosaugua, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.... ...............

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

T.... ...............

8.... ...............

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29 .

30...................

31...................

Got.

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

Qftn

960

960

Qftn

son

son

890

890

825

860

890

890

960

1,600

1,030

fifiO

890

825

825

890

825

fifiO

960

960

960

960

890

Nov.

890

825

son

860

825

890

825

825

825

825

825

825 SWH

825

825

825

son

890

890

825

825

825

825

760

760

760

825

760

760

760

Dec.

760

760

760

760

760

........

Mar.

2,050

2,100

2,160

2,360

2 nfln

2,770

2,770

2,990

2,770

2 ifln

2,360

2,160

Apr.

1,970

1,880

1,880

1,700

I

AQA

1,540

1,500

1,460

1,380

1

OQA

1,300

1

OOA

1 9OA

i ion

1,150

1,220

1

OOA

1,220

1

OOA

1

OOA

1,220

1,220

1,220 i <inn

1,220

i *un

1,150 i ion

1,220

1 1 fyi

........

May.

1 1&1

1,080

CUR

1,010

1

<Wh

1,380

1,220

1

1 RA

OKO

945

oca

OKCt

1,460 i Ton

i 7fsn

1,700

2 QQfl

3

TOA

2,360

3

TOA

2 oon

A. eon

6,610 14 onn

25,600

15,900 in onn

June.

9 7$n

11,200

19 7ftfl

14,600

20,200

09 onn

25,300

28,400

oo CAA

on onn

OQ OrtA

OQ OAA

19,800 ic Ann

19 4fift

9,400

7

*7Qfl

6,610

5,800

5,000

4,480

4,200

10,300

40,000

13,800

8,000

4,450

4,080

........

July.

S T/Ut

2 onn

2

Of\t\

2 9ftfl

2 19ft

2,120

2 n&n

2,030

2,030

1 940

1,940

2,030

2

1OA

2,080

2,030

2,030

1

QAA

1,770

1,680

1 £AA

1,530

1,450

1,450

2,030

1 4&1

i ifsn

1,370

1,500

2 400

1^220 i idfi

Aug.

1,140

1,140 1 I7n

1

'Ofu)

I

nnn

1,220

1,140

1 060

QOS

7on

cw;

790

790

TOO

925

1,060

1,370,

1,370

2

Af\f\

1 Q4ft

1,770 i ion

3,020

2,030

2 qAA

2 AW\

2,400"

2,600

2

£MV\

Sept.

3 24ft

6

tt/v\

5,770

3,460 

2,400

2 1*>A

1,520

1,370 i 9on

1,290 i 9on

I

nqA

1 140

1 140

1,140

QQK

QQR

OQR

OQC

OQH

960

925

aoe

QfiQ

ftKft

RKft

858

, 824

TOO

........

NOTE. Gage leadings usually omitted on Sundays and discharge interpolated, except June 23, July 28 

Aug. 18, and Sept. 1. which were estimated on the basis of climatological data. Stage-discharge relation 

affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 19; daily discharge not determined.

Monthly discharge ofDes Maines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 13,900 square miles.]

Month.

April.......... .......... ......................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,500 

890 

1,970 

25,600 

39,300 

3,700 

4,190 

6,600

Minimum.

, 825 

760 

1,150 

856 

4,080 

1,140 

790 

790

Mean.

948 

826 

1,360 

3,780 

16,600 

1,930 

1,590 

1,650

Per 

square 

mile.

0.068 

.059 

.098 

.272 

1.19 

.139 

.114 

.119

Bum-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.08 

.07 

.11 

.31 

1.33 

.16 

.13 

.13

RACCOON RIVER AT VAN METER, IOWA.

LOCATION. In SW. £ sec. 22, T. 78 N., E. 27 W., at highway bridge one-third of a

mile from railroad station, 1 mile below South Raccoon Eiver, and 30 miles above

junction of Eaccoon Eiver with Des Moines Eiver. 

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 3,410 square miles; at mouth, 3,590 square

miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to

500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 25, 1915, to September 30, 1918.
122 STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 25 feet from 

right end of bridge; read by Fred Vreeland.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL Bed composed of sand and gravel; subject to change. River 

divided into two channels at low and medium stages by an island with the water 

surface slightly higher in the left channel than in the right at extreme low water. 

Right bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank subject to overflow at a stage 

of about 13 feet; at extreme high stage thfe overflow will extend for several thousand feet beyond left end of bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.59 feet June 8 

(discharge, 14,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.61 feet, September 30 (discharge, 37 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 17.5 feet June 7, 1917 (discharge, 31,800 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.61 feet September 30 (discharge, 37 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 6 to March 12. Observations 

discontinued December 13 to February 9.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined throughout. Gage read once daily to hundredihs. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which daily discharges were not determined. 

Open-water records excellent, except for extremely low stages, for which they are 

fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bolster and Gregg: 

March 22: Gage height, 2.86 feet; discharge, 431 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7... ....... .........

8...................

10...................

11.. .............. ...

12...................

13...................

14...................

15.. .......... .......

16...................

17...................

18..... ....... .......

1Q

20...................

a.... ........ .......

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

188

179

210

188

185

194

150

108

123

118

123

116

114

136

93

110

120

159

156

164

167

194

170

150

145

150

134

164

1OQ

243

Nov.

198

170

204

173

1S4

179

210

188

162

210

167

179

185

198

9/U

204

201

167

162

179 lot

164

136

136

164

166

179

Bee.

156

185

173

164

150

Mar.

633

697

665

602

514

514

4fifi

459

434 ACQ

361

340

4ft1

01 ft

970

279

97Q

261

279

Apr.

243

243

188

226

243

243

194

210

204

194

173

167

131

170

204

173

156

182

104

210

194

179

150

118

116

136

19S

May.

123

116

126

110

120

118

110

116

123

98

96

91

98

108

110

98

100

110

123

194

486

434

834

3,640

2,330

1.670

5,860

3,750

2,430

2,720

2,920

Jane.

3,120

3,330

3,970

7i590

7,730

14,300

13.000

14,600

13,000

11,200

9,840

10,900

8,160

4,190

3,430

2,430

2,140

1,760

1,670

1,310

1.230

1,060

907

7fi4

697

633

602

633

602

572

July.

'i

543

459

459

434

408

VUi

361

361

361

361

361

318

298

318

318

261

279

298

261

243

210

210

226

170

136

134

123

150

210

210

Aug.

204

1fl4

201

164

160

116

103

86

75

O1

98

91fifi

fiQ

98

108

3,220 4fia

91ft

1<W

173

159

150

149

136

1W1

145

11Q

136

145

Sept.

86

75el

Q*>

 7R

60

46

50

54

71

77ai

54

128

116

108

91

64

46

Kfi.

52

54

58

48

43

44

41

37

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6 to Mar. 12; daily discharge not determined.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BtVBB BASIN. 123

Monthly discharge of Raccoon River at Van Meter, lbwa,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 3,410 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

April..........................................

May. .

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

243 

210 

243 

5,860 

14,600 

543 

3,220 

136

' Min<TniiTnf

93

1 123 

! 116 

: 91 

572 

l 123 

75 

37

Mean.

156 

174 

181 

947 

4,850 

292 

246 

69.7

Per 

square 

mite.

0.046 

.051 

.053 

.278 

1.42 

.086 

.072 

.020

Run-off 

(depth in 

laches).

0.05 

.06 

.06 

.32 

1.58 

.10 

.08 

.02

ILLINOIS RIVER AT PEORIA, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 2, T. 8 N., R. 8 E., at foot of Grant Street, Peoria, Peoria County, 

3$ miles above station formerly maintain^ at Peoria & Pekin Union Railroad 

bridge and 4$ miles above mouth of Kickap, oo Creek.

DRAINAGE ABBA. Indeterminate.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 8, 1910, to September 30, 1918; also March 10, 1903, 

to July 21, 1906, for station at Peoria and J?ekin Union Railroad bridge.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to woodefl pile; read by employee of United 

States Army Engineers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of Lower Free bridge, 

about 2 miles below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river, which fforms control for medium and high 

stages, composed of mud, and may shift.. Dam at Copperas Creek probably 

forms control for lowest stages; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.8 feet February 

20 and 21 (discharge, 41,800 second-feet); rtrimmum stage, 10.0 feet September 

28 (discharge, 10,000 second-feet).

1910-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 23L2 feet January 25, 1916 (discharge 

not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum stage recorded during 

open-water periods, 22.4 feet March 30 to Aj>ril 2,1913 (discharge, 55,000 secondfeet); minimum stage, 8.0 feet December 14j, 1910 (discharge, 7,250 second-feet). 

The highest known flood occurred in 1844, when a stage of about 26.6 feet on 

the present gage was reached. |

REGULATION. The flow at this station includes Ithe water diverted from Lake Michigan through the Chicago Drainage canal. Jfo diurnal fluctuation is noticeable.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practicalljy permanent; seriously affected by 

ice during winter. Rating curve well defined between 11,000 and 40,000 secondfeet and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read to half-tenths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, 

except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it 

was ascertained by applying to rating tabled daily gage heights corrected for ice 

effect by means of observer's notes and weather records, and by comparison with 

flow of adjacent streams. Open-water records good; winter records poor.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

Discharge measurements of Illinois River at Peorty, III., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1918. , 

[Made by H. C. Bec|nnan.|

Date.

Oct. 16.....................................................;.... .....................

June 12... ............. ...... ........................... ...I.........................

Aog.»..... ......................................................... ",j........ ......

Gage 

height.

Fed, 

10.68

13.28

10.60

Dfe. 

Charge.

See.-ft. 

10,600

16,700

10,800
124 STJKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

e.... ..........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22...

23............

24.............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

11,300

11,100

10,900

10,900

10,800

10,800

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,800

10,900

10,900

10,900

11,100

11,100

11,300

11,300

11,400

11,400

11,600

11,400

11,600

11,600

11,600

11,100

11,600

11,600

12 300

11,900

11,900

Nov.

12,100

12,100

11,900

12,300

12,300

12,500

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,700

13,000

12,700

12,700

12,500

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,300

12,300

18,000

12,700

12,300

12,300

12,300

12,100

11,900

12,300

11,900

Dec.

11,900

11,900

12,300

11,900

11,900

11,900

11,800

11,900

11,600

11,600

11,100

10,300

Jan.

9,860

9,440

Feb.

11,400

27,300

33,900

38,800

40,800

41,800

41,800

41,300

39,800

38,,800

38,300

37,800

37,300

36,800

Mar.

35,800

34,800

34,800

34,800

34,800

34,800

34,800

33,900

33,900

33,400

31,600

30,800

30,800

29,800

29,400

29,000

29,000

28,500

28,500

28,100

27,700

27,700

26,900

26,100

25,300

24,500

24,J.OO

22,900

22,500

21,700

20,800

Apr.

20,800

20,200

20,500

19,600

18,700

18,400

18,100

18,100

18,400

17,800

16,900

16,600

16,200

16,000

15,800

15,400

15,400

15,200

15,400

15,400

14,600

14,600

15,000

15,400

15,800

16,200

16,200

16,200

15,400

16,600

May.

16,900

17,200

17,500

17,500

17,500

17,500

17,200

17,200

16; 600

17,200

16,900

16,900

18,600

16,600

16,400

16,400

16,400

16,4001

16,000

16,600

18,600

16,600

16,900

17,200

17,200

17,200

17>800

18,400

18,400

18,400

18,400

June.

18,400

19,000

18,700

18,400

18,100

17,800

17,800

17,200

16,400

16,400

16,000

15,800

15,400

15,200

15,000

14,200

14,400

14,000

13,800

14,400

13,400

13,400

13,000

12,500

13,000

lfc,700

12,700

12,800

13,000

13,000

July.

13,000

13,600

13,800

14,000

14,200

15,000

15,200

15,800

16,400

15,600

15,600

15,800

15,800

15,600

15,200

15,000

15,000

14,800

14,600

14,200

14,000

13,600

13,400

13,000

13,000

13,000

13,000

12,700

12,800

12,800

12,700

Aug.

12,500

12,300

12,300

11,800

11,600

11,600

11,300

11,600

11,400

11,300

11,300

11,300

10,900

11,300

11,600

11,300

11,300

11,300

11,300

11,300

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,800

10,800

10,400

10,600

10,600

10,800

Sept.

10,600

10,600

10,800

10,900

10,900

10,600

10, fiOO

10,400

10,600

10,800

10,600

10,900

10,800

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,600

10,400

10,600

10,600

10,600

10,300

10,300

10,300

10,400

10,600

10,300

10,000

10,200

10,300

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Feb. 15; daily discharge determined from gage 

heights corrected for ice effect by means of weather records and comparisons with flow at other stations 

up stream. Braced figures show mean daily discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

November..... 

December...... 

January..

February......

April...........

Maximum.

12,300 

13,000 

12,300

41,800 

35,800 

20,800

MiniTturm.

10,800 

11,900

"""io'soo"

14,600

Mean.

11,200 

12.500 

11,100 

9,580 

23,800 

29,400 

16,800

Month.

May............

July............

September..... 

The year.

Maximum.

18,400 

19,000 

18,400 

12,500 

10,900

41,800

Minimum.

16,000 

12,500 

12,700 

10,400 

10,000

Mean.

17,100 

15,200 

14,300 

11,300 

10,600

15,200

EANKAKEE RIVER AT MOMENCE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 24, T. 31 N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge in Momence, Zankakee

County, half a mile below Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad bridge and 1$

miles above Tower Creek. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,340 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1905, to July 20, 1906; December 3, 1914, to

September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge, over left channel; read by Oscar Conrad. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge across the two

channels during medium and high stages, and by wading during low stages. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel; may shift. River at gage

divided into two channels by an island. Aquatic plants sometimes grow in bed

of river during summer. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.6 feet February

14-18 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 125

stage recorded during open-water period, 4.2 feet at 1 p. m. February 25 (discharge, 

6,300 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.44 feet at 11 a. m. August 29 (discharge, 

442 second-feet).

1905-6 and 1915-18: Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet January 21, 1916 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water 

stage, 6.4 feet January 22,1916 (discharge estimated from extension of rating curve, 

12,600 second-feet); minimum discharge, 360 second-feet, July 13-20, 1906. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation'changed during year; seriously affected by ice 

during winter. Bating curve used to February 20 well defined; curve used after 

that date well defined between 550 and 3,100 second-feet, and fairly well defined 

beyond those limits. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of observer's 

notes and weather records. Open-water records good; winter records approximate.

Discharge measurements of Karikdkee River at Momence, III., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918. 

[Made toy H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Apr. 20.... ..........................................................................

July 23... ...........................................................................

Aug.31....................... ......................................................

A

Feet. 

2.30

1.67

1.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,410

621

573

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karifcakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.. ......... ...

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

lo... ...........

16..............

17..............

14

19..............

20..............

21...., .........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

534

534

4M

486

486

474

474

462

462

452

610

558

570

609

622

622

648

648

674

714

714

714

770

826

826

900

975

1,070

1,150

1,240

1,330

Nov.

1,420

1,420

1.420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,240

1,150

l,loO

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

990

990

990

960

945

945

945

930

930

Dec.

915

945

946

945

946

640

570

Jan.

500

390

330

Feb.

390

4,670

6,020

6,020

6,740

6,020

6,300

6,020

6,020

5,740

Mar.

5,740

5,460

5,460

5,180

5,180

4,910

4,910

4,910

4,910

4,640

4,640

4,640

4,640

4,910

4. oin

4,910

4,640

4,370

4,100

4,100

4,100

3,830

3,830

3,660

3,560

3,300

3,300

3,180

2,930

2,810

2,690

Apr.

2,570

2.460

2,340

2,220

2,220

2,110

2,000

2,000

1,890

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,680

1,680

1,580

1,580

1,680

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1 4RO

1 ksn

1 480

1,480

1,480

1,480

May.

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,580

1.580

1,580

1,680

1,780

1,780

1.780

IjSflO

1,890

1,890

2,110

1,890

1,890

1,890

1,780

1 780

1^780

1,680

1,680

June.

1,880

1,480

1,390

1,390

1,300

1,220

1,060

1 flfift

980

980

980

915

915

850

850

792

735

735

685

685

685

68S

685

685

635

635

635

635

685

792

July.

792

792

792

792

792

792

792

792

792

735

735

735

735

792

792

792

792

792

792

792

735

735

735

685

685

685

685

635

592

592

592

Aug.

592

550

500

550

550

550

512

512

612

475

475

475

512

475

475

475

475

550

476

475

475

475

475

475

470

464

464

453

442

512

550

Sept.

592

592

592

592

650

550

550

wn

5&0

5M

550

550

550

592

592

692

635

592

592

592

550

550

550

550

5oO

5oO

550

550

550

550

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 6 to Feb. 20 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Bracedflgures show meandischargeforperioasindicated.
126 SURFACE WATER.SUPPLY, 1918, PAKT V.

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 2,310 square miles.]

Month.

January.......................................

February....... _ ............................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May. ....

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,330 

1,420 

945

6,300

5,740 

2,570 

2,110 

1,580 

792 

592 

635

6,300

Minimum'.

462 

930

2,690 

1,480 

1.480 

635 

592 

442 

5oO

Mean.

696 

1,180 

652 

404 

3,520 

4,330 

1,750 

1,670 

911 

741 

499 

567

1,400

Per 

square 

mile.

0.297 

.504 

.279 

.173 

1.50 

1.85 

.748 

.714 

.389 

.317 

.213 

.242

.598

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.34 

.56 

.32 

.20 

1.56 

2.13 

.83 

.82 

.43 

.37 

.25 .27-

8.08

KABTKAKEE RIVER AT OUSTER PARK, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 32 N., R. 10 E., kt Wabash Railroad bridge in Ouster Park, 

Will County, half a mile above Horse Creek and 15 miles below dam and power 

plant at Kankakee.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,870 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 6,1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. H. Swords.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of solid rock strewn with boulders and 

gravel. Right half of channel deep \tith fissures in bed; left half shallow; may 

shift slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.0 feet at 1 and 

6 p. m. February 14 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); 

maximum stage recorded during open-water periods, 13.0 feet at 9 a. m., February 

16 (discharge, 22,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 4.95 feet October 4 and 5 and 

August 15 (discharge, 430 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, same as for 1918; minimum stage, 4.09 

feet November 15, 1914 (discharge not determined; mean discharge for the day, 

estimated 250 second-feet).

REGULATION. Operation of power plant at Kankakee causes slight fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during year; seriously affected 

by ice during winter. Rating curve well defined above and fairly well defined 

below 1,820 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was estimated 

from occasional gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water 

records good; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Custer Park, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 17..............................................................................

July 16.. ................................................................ ............

Sept. 7................................................. .............................

 ».

Feet. 

5.07

5.59

6.45

Discliirge.

Sec.-fl. 

609

1,030

2,590
TTPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIIL 127

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKankakee River at duster Park, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1... ..........

2.............

3.............

4.............

6.............

6.............

7. ...........

8.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19... ..........

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

26.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

657

546

546

546

518

527

667

611

680

565

657

o65

680

758

634

588

706

784

771

1,000

1,000

1,000

1 070

1,070

1,070

1,210

1,140

1,210

1,360

1,440

1,740

Nov.

2.060

2,320

2,410

2,320

2,loO

2,160

2,060

i osn

1 980

'1^900

1 7/lfl

1,820

1,660

1,580

1,440

1,510

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,280

1,210

1,360

1,070

1,210

1,210

1 210

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

Dec.

1,000

1,070

1,000

940

1,000

710

680

Jan.

680

600

470

Feb.

4,260

21,300

18,400

15,000

13,000

13,600

13,600

11,600

10,400

9,410

8,790

8,180

8,480

8,480

Mar.

9,100

8,790

8,480

7,880

7,580

7,290

7,000

6,720

6,440

6,170

5,380

5,380

5,130

6,380

6,170

5,900

5,640

6,130

4,880

4,390

4,150

3,910

3,910

3

Q1A

3,680

3,680

3,470

3,270

3,070

2,880

2,690

Apr.

2,690

2,600

2,600

2,690

2,690

2,880

2,690

2,600

2,410

2,320

2,150

2,150

1,980

1 QOA

1.5SO

1,740

1,820

1,980

2,150

2,410

3,070

4 150

5^130

4,630

3,910

3,470

3,270

3,270

4,150

4,630

May.

4,630

4,390

3,680

3,270

2,880

2,600

2,410

2.320

2,410

3,070

2,880

3,270

3,080

3,910

4,150

3

4EQA

3,270

2,690

2,880

2,880

3,070

3,270

3,270

3,270

4,150

4,160

3,910

3,470

2,880

3,070

4,150

June.

4,630

4,150

3,270

2,600

2,230

1,900

fc,060

1 980

2' 410

2,320

1 900

1*660

1,360

1,280

1,210

1,210

1,000

ant

810

810

771

693

668

693

667

622

646

1,000

1,740

3,680

July.

5,640

4,630

3,910

3,070

2,410

2,060

1,900

i onn

2 fkAA

2,500

2,410

2 nflrt

1,660

1 3AT)

1,280

1,140

1,070

1 '940 000

940

810

784

810

flftfi

680

810

ant

7RS

tun

940

745

Aug.

680

634

588

546

588

565

536

565

665

600

470

536

498

498

462

480

565

565

518

498

480

536

576

566

470

611

566

527

618

745

680

Sept.

940

758

784

810

875

1,440

2,500

9 <Mlfl

1,980

1,010

1,280

1,210

1,070

1,000 Q4O

940

940

cwn

940

875

810

784 *7fA

706

745

758

732

634

680

634

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 6 to Feb. 15 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge ofKankakee River at Cutter Park, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

1; [Drainage area, 4,870 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May....... .. .

July.... .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,740 

2,410 

1,070

9,100 

5,130 

4,630 

4,630 

5,640 

745 

2,500

TMTnfrlUllB.,

518 

1,000

2,690 

1.580 

2,320 

622 

668 

462 

634

462

Mean.

849 

1,600 

742 

580 

8,000 

5J400 

2,860 

3,340 

1,700 

1 700 

556 

1,050

2,320

Per 

square 

mile.

0.174 

.329 

.152 

.119 

1.64 

1.11 

.587 

.686 

.349 

.349 

.114 

.216

.476

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.20 

.37 

.18 

.14 

1.71 

1.28 

.65 

.79 

.39 

.40 

.13 

.24

6.48

DBS PLAOTES RIVER AT LEMONT, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 37 N., E. 11 E., at concrete highway bridge at Stephens 

Street, a quarter of a mile north of main section of Lemont, Cook County; 8 

miles above junction of Dea Plaines River and Chicago Drainage canal.

DBAINAGE ABEA. 705 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 4, 1914, to September 30,1918.
128 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

GAGE. Enamel staff gage attached to bridge; read by William Week, jr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

below dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A concrete dam, forming a new control and changing the 

former stage-discharge relation, was built across the channel about 500 feet below 

the gage August 20, 1916; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.6 feet at 4 p. m. 

February 16 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum 

stage recorded during open-water period, 5.4 feet March 2 (discharge, 2,700 secondfeet); minimum stage, 2.44 feet August 12 and 28 (discharge, 6 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 6.6 feet February 16,1918 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum stage recorded during 

open-water periods, 5.9 feet June 10, 1916 (discharge, 3,380 second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.9 second-feet (measured by current meter), November 26 1914.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice February 14 to 28. 

Eating curve well denned between 120 and 2,220 second-feet. Gage read to 

hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

heights to rating table, except for periods noted in footnote to daily-discharge 

table. Open-water records good for medium and high stages, fair for low stages; 

winter records fair. 

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman while river was

frozen across but crest of dam was clear of ice: 

January 29, 1918: Gage height, 2.54 feet; discharge, 21 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14-........-..--

15..........-.--

16...... ........

17.......--.-...

IQ

19..............

20.. . .......... -

21..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

on

oi

Oct.

22

10

9

22

17

22

22

22

17

22

28

33

28

22

22

22

33

95

85

70

63

52

52

63

52

52

95

95

120

120

138

Nov.

180

150

150

150

138

138

120

110

110

95

95

85

85

70

95

95

95

70

52

52

44

70

63

52

52

52

52

44

63

52

Dec.

63

63

52

52

70

63

63

63

22

22

22

22

22

20

17

20

22

25

28

40

52

58

63

66

70

61

52

42

33

28

99

Jan.

99

20

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

14

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Feb.

10

10

10

10

14

17

17

17

17

17

17

1,050

1,740

2,300

Mar.

2,580

2,700

2,580

2,460

2,460

2,460

2,340

1,980

1,860

1,740

1,570

1,410

1,460

1,860

2,460

2,580

2,340

2,220

1,860

1,740

1,460

1,250

1,100

900

805

670

540

524

492

460

460

Apr.

400

357

301

245

245

180

150

193

238

206

180

193

168

144

120

80

132

174

212

219

301

430

625

670

540

500

492

445

625

805

May.

852

760

715

625

492

476

415

385

357

385

422

385

415

422

408

329

245

232

174

174

193

212

371

805

805

715

625

540

500

524

476

June.

445

400

280

232

212

174

180

156

132

132

120

100

80

70

110

70

63

48

44

31

22

31

24

24

40

31

24

33

40

28

July.

40

33

33

33

33

44

40

31

24

28

28

31

19

15

17

48

55

33

28

.28

19

22

22

19

31

40

66

110

66

40

40

Aug.

00

31

9ft

Oft

15

9

9

7

9

9

7

6

7

24

15

15

48

31

15

10

19

19

19

15

9

9

9

6

7

9

28

Sept.

99

OQ

17

99

9fl

00

99

10

9

10

9

oo

33

28

OO

17

17

10

22

22

6

6

9

17

22

10

6

9

10

9

NOTE. No gage reading, every other day Nov. 10 to Jan. 24, Jan. 27, 29, 31, and Feb. 2. 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10; 

daily discharge Interpolated. Mean daily discharge estimated Feb. 14-28, because of backwater from '

. 

ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 129

Monthly discharge ofDes Plaines River at Lemont, III., for fhe year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 705 square miles.]

Month.

February ....

March. 1 .... .

Anril......... .................................

May............................................

July............................................

August

September... . .................................

D

MaTrixyinTT1 .

138

180

70

22

2.700

QrtK

852

tA\

110

48

33

ischarge in s

Minimum.

44

$

10

10

4fl(l

«n

174

22

15

6

6

6

econd-feet.

Mean.

JQ O

89.3

42.5

14.7

1,340

1.860

OIQ

466

113

36.0

16.1

16.7

340

Per

square 

mile.

0.070

.127

.060

.021

1.90

2.35

AfW

.661

.160

.051

.023

.024

.482

Run-oil

(depth in 

inches).

0.08

.14

.07

.02

1.98

2.71

.50

.76

.18

.06

.03

.03

6.56

DES PLAINES RIVER AT JOLEET, ILL.

LOCATION. In NE. £ sec. 9, T. 35 N., R. 10 E., at Jackson Street Bridge, Joliet, Will

County, 1,200 feet upstream from Cass Street Bridget 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Decembers, 1914, to September 30, 1918; on original chain

gage September 5 to December 19, 1914. 

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder, installed December 3, 1914. Chain

gage attached to upstream side of bridge at Cass Street read from September 5 to

December 19, 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side<of Cass Street Bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel excavated in solid r<j>ck, with a concrete wall on

either side; permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during days of record

for the year, 12,500 second-feet, February 15; minimum mean daily discharge,

6,960 second-feet, February 3. 

1914-1918: Maximum mean daily discharge during days of record, 13,200

second-feet, June 10, 1916; minimum mean daily (Jischarge, 5,420 second-feet,

April 25, 1915. 

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to the Illinois & Michigan canal at dam No. 1, about

100 feet above the gage. 

REGULATION. Flow past the gage is largely regulated by the operation of the power

plant of the Chicago sanitary district at Lockport, which utilizes the flow of the

Chicago Drainage canal and, to a lesser extent, by the operation of Economy

Light & Power Co.'s plant, about 100 feet above gage. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice during winter.

Rating curve well defined. Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory

except as noted in the table of daily discharge. Dapy discharge ascertained by

use of discharge integrator. Records excellent. '

Discharge measurements ofDes Plaines River at Joliet,

SO, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.J

during the year ending Sept.

Date.

Mar. 19 a . ... .......

196.....................

Nov.236........... ..........

hS.

Feet. 

5.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9,180

379

526

Datfl

July 236........

Sept. 146.......

1

. A.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

348

a Made in Des Plaines River. 

1688° 21 WSP 475 9

6 Made in Illinois & Miehigan canal.
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the year endmg

Sept. SO, 19118.

Day.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.....

31.....

Oct.

8,800

8,500

8,370

o8,700

9,070

9,250

7,810

9,070

8,950

8,960

8,860

8,780

9,070

7,530

8,710

8,500

8,700

8,700

8,740

8,530

8,100

8,190

8,700

9,160

8,900

8,880

9,210

7,830

8,640

8,840

8,910

Nov.

8,740

8,760

8,540

8,040

8,270

8,450

8,670

8,540

8,400

8,630

7,880

8,620

8,570

8,950

8,660

8,820

(6)

(6)

(6)

(6)

»)

6)

6)

6)

8,180

9,000

8,980

9,250

7,650

8,980

Dec.

8,730

8,280

8,680

8,560

8,800

8,750

8,700

9,100

7,280

8,470

8,280

8,470

7,910

8,060

7,880

7,030

8,060

8,090

8,000

8,070

8,220

8,110

6,970

7,740

7,260

8,050

7,870

7,820

8,080

7,030

8,170

Jan.

7,080

7,830

7,890

7,600

7,480

8,130

7,860

8,060

7,900

8,140

8,230

6,560

6,670

6,480

<?">

(6)

7,160

07,060

o7,660

6,970

7,510

7,190

7,790

7,490

7,860

7,610

7,630

7610

7,610

7,640 7 If 7fin fUU

Feb.

7.730

7,450

6,960

7,370

7,840

7,740

7,830

8,420

8,320

7,800

7,730

10,200

9,900

10 700

12,500

11,600

11,000

10,300

10,600

10,400

10,200

10,200

9,900

9,640

9,960

9,870

9,870

10,200

Mar.

10,300

9,960

10,700

11,100

11,100

11,700

11,200

10,200

9,840

10,100

9,340

9,180

9,570

10,700

11,200

10,400

10,400

10,300

10,100

9,950

9,480

9,680

9,120

9,400

8,810

8,940

8,720

8,540

8,340

8,040

7 

' 540

Apr.

8,230

8,480

8,680

8,300

8,170

8,120

7,650

8,090

8,450

8,610

8,400

7,960

7 920

7,830

7,920

8,030

8,190

8,400

8 350

8,650

8,370

8,050

08,520

o8,700

08,900

9,060

8,660

o9,000

o8,720

o9,300

1 May.

9,060

8.680

08.860

o9.090

o8,620

8.520

8.520

8,540

8,400

8,740

8,450

8,440

8,620

8,380

8,470

8,460

8,200

9,440

8,690

8,370,

8,560

8,510

8,580

9,000

9,000

8,670

9,120

9,520

9,440

9,210

10,300

June.

9,470

8,900

8,980

8,960

9,460

9,820

9,920

9,010

8,590

8,980

8,490

o8,370

o8,320

8 740

9,100

8,840

9,510

9,870

8,910

8,780

8,700

9,110

8,790

9,550

9,620

9,920

9,360

9,600

9,220

8,590

July.

9,160

8,540

9,780

8,620

9,510

o8,7lO

8,860

9,720

9,600

9,710

9,820

9,840

9,500

9,680

9,390

9,360

9,230

8,280

8,180

8,000

8,140

9420

9,540

8,840

8,590

8,440

8,700

8,820

9,540

9,450

8,780

Aug.

9,270

8,720

8,580

8,640

8,340

8,940

9,300

9,360

8,920

8,680

8,700

9,780

8,580

8,800

9,390

8,610

8,860

8,800

8,620

8,520

8,300

8,860

8,970

8,180

8,1 0

8,470

8,630

8,200

8,180

8,080

7,980

Sept.

7,110

7,470

8,270 (»)

W

(»)

(»)

7,390

7,380

7,660

7,600

7>S°

8,300

08,560

a8,200

a8,300

08,150

08,150

a8,240

08,430

o8,530

o7,580

o7,880

o8,170

a8,220

08,200

<*>

8,180

8,020

8,360

1

& No record.

NOTE. Daily discharge in the above table does not include the flow in the Illinois & Michigan canal. 

(See "Diversions" in the station description.)

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, IU., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

February.... ......... ......

May..................................................................

July............................. .. . .... ................

Maximum.

9,250

9,100

12,500

11,700

9,300

10,300

9,920

9,840

9,780

Minimum.

7,530

6,970

6,960

7,540

7,650

8,200

8,320

8,000

7,980

Mean.

8 ft»n

8,080

9,870

9 Sfin

8,390

8,790

9,120

9,090

8,690

NOTE. Discharge in the above table does not include flow Qlthe Illinois & Michigan canal, which diverts 

water around the gage. See "Diversions" in station description and measurements of flow in the canal.

FOX RIVER AT ALGONQTTIN, ILL.

LOCATION. In NW. i sec. 34, T. 43 N., R. 8 E. third principal meridian, at Chicago,

Street Bridge in Algonquin, McHenry County, 100 feet above Public Service

Co.'s dam and 500 feet above Crystal Lake outlet. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1918. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,340 square miles (measured on map of United States Geological

Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000). 

GAGE. Enamel staff gage attached to concrete abutment of bridge; read by Edward

Pederson. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a concrete dam about 100 feet below gage;

appears to be cracking, and may settle. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading

below dam.
T7PPEB MISSISSIPPI ETVEE BASIN". 131

EXTREMES OF DiscHABGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.4 feet at 7 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. March 14 (discharge, 5,600 second-feet); Tnipirrmm stage, 0.59 foot 

at 7 a. m. and 6 p. m. August 31 (discharge, 67 second-feet).

1916-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 5.3 feet Mawih 31, 1916 (discharge, 7,120 

second-feet); minimum stage, 0.59 foot August 31, 1918 (discharge, 67 secondfeet).

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to operate grist mill at 4am, which runs on average 

of about 4 hours a day, except Sundays, during September to March, inclusive, 

and one day a week during remainder of year. If fytal used for each day*were 

uniformly distributed, it would probably average less than 5 second-feet and 

never exceed 8 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during year; not affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve used to March 5 fairly well defined; curve used after that 

date well denned above and fairly well denned below 750 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Storage pond is large, so the small amount of 

water used by grist mill does not noticeably affect ttye gage heights. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating tables. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Algonquin, III,, during the year ending Sept. SO.

1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Mar. 15.........

15.........

hW.

Feet. 

4.03

4.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,790

5,010

Date.

15.........

h».

Feet.

2.08

1.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,440

970

Date.

July5. 4. .......

hSS.

 Feet. 

0.96

.94

Discharge.

See.Jt.

na-Q

OCA

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Algonquin, fU.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.. ...... ......

9..............

10..............

11 . . ..

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

30..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

 jfi

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

423

423

423

430

430

423

415

415

415

415

415

423

423

423

430

430

446

461

477

500

534

567

620

712

759

914

1,020

1,080

1,140

1,140

1,200

Nov.

1,200

1,200

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,020

1,020

967

914

860

810

810

759

712

712

712

712

712

712

664

664

Dee.

664

620

567

525

461

401

344

292

255

220

188

188

194

199

204

209

215

220

226

244

267

292

318

344

358

365

358

351

144

331

318

Jan.

312

312

305

305

298

292

292

286

286

286

279

279

279

279

279

273

273

273

273

273

273

273

267

267

267

267

261

261

261

261

261

Feb.

255

255

255

255

255

250

250

250

250

255

267

279

292

305

318

331

344

358

372

387

401

415

430

509

fifi4

01 A

967

1,400

Mar.

1,760

2,090

2,600

3,300

4,250

5,400

5,200

5,000

5,000

4,800

4,600

4,600

4,010

5,600

5,000

5,000

4,800

4,800

4,800

4 son

4,600

4,600

4,400

4,200

4,010

3,820

3

e*m

3,450

3,270

2,910

2,730

Apr.

2,560

2,390

2,230

2,070

1,840

1,610

1,540

1,470

1,400

1,330

1 260

1^200

1,080

1,020

905

850

800

850

850

905

ons

960

960 onl

OAK

cert

OCA

905

Qfifl

1,080

Mfty.

1,080

605

905

905

905

905

OflK

905

005

850

snn

750

702

634

626

625

702

905

850

Onn

750

750 7*31

750

750

June.

702

702

702

702

663

625

588

551

525

507

490

472

455

439

422

406

389

373

357

9.49

326

310

310

310

302

ono

OQK

295

295

288

July.

288

280

265

250

272

272

265

265

265

250

250

250

242

235

235

229

222

222

216

210

204

197

1Q7

191

181

185

185

191

Aug.

185

178

172

162

151

141

130

120

120

110

110

106

101

101

106

110

110

110

106

106

101

101

91

91

82

CO

77

77

72

72

67

Sept.

79

72

77

QQ

S9

ftA

91

Oft

101

106

110

120

130

141

151

162

172

185

101

1Q7

197

204

210

210

210

204

107

197

191

185

NOTE. The above table does not include small amount of water used to operate grist mill. (See " Diverglens" in station description.)
132

Monthly di

SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

<e of Fox River at Algonquin, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 1,340 square miles.]

Month.

March... . ....... ...... . . .....

April....... ............................. ......

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,200 

1,260 

664 

312 

1,400 

5,600 

2,560 

1,080 

702 

288 

185 

210

5,600

Minimum.

415 

664

188 

261 

250 

1,760 

800 

625 

288 

185 

67 

72

67

Mean.

591

983 

325 

279 

406 

4,160 

1,250 

837 

448 

229 

111 

148

818

Per 

square 

mile.

0.441 

.734 

.243 

.208 

.303 

3.10 

.933 

.625 

.334 

.171 

.083 

.110

.610

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.51 

.82 

.28 

.24 

.32 

3.57 

1.04 

.72 

.37 

.20 

.10 

.12

8.29

FOX RIVER AT WEDROW, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 34 N., R. 4 E., at highway bridge at Wedron, LaSalle County, 

1,000 feet above Buck Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 5, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Nels Mathias to January 31 and by 

T. W. Server after that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed or river at measuring section is soft and probably 

shifts. Control about 1,000 feet downstream composed of coarse gravel and 

large boulders; seldom shifts.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.4 feet at 8 a. m. 

February 15 (discharge, 15,500 second-feet); minimum stage, 5.40 feet at 6 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. September 4 (discharge, 145 second-feet).

1915-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 15.4 feet February 3, 1916 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage recorded, 

13.8 feet March 28, 1916 (discharge, 16,700 second-feet); minimum discharge 

recorded, 105 second-feet November 20, 1914 (measured by current meter).

REGULATION. Slight diurnal fluctuation is caused by operation of power plants at 

and above Montgomery.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in February; seriously affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used to February 12 well 

denned above and fairly well defined below 1,130 second-feet; curve used after 

that date well defined between 275 and 11,300 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Diurnal fluctuation only slight. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating tables, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was estimated from 

occasional gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records 

good for medium and high stages, and fair for low stages; winter record poor.

Discharge measurements of FoxMverat Wedron, III.,during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 18.. .....................

Nov.16.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.76

7.01

7.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

853

1,170

1,150

Date.

Julys........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.86

5.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

371

318
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 133

Dotty discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Wedron, Ill.,,for the year ending Septi SO,

1918.

Day.

1... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7.............

8.............

0.. ...........

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

384

680

662

644

610

680

610

372

610

615

580

144

544

510

372

580

896

odn

Qitn

852

eon

652

1,030

1.030

1,130

1.230

1,330

1 W\

1,440

1,550

1,550

Nov.

1,550

1,670

1,670

1,610

1,610

1,670 i 7on

1,670

1,610

1,670

1,440

1,330

1,380

1,330

1,230

1,180

1,130

985

940

1,180

1,080

1,030

1,030

1,030

896

769

run

CQA

7AO

730

Dec.

940

852

862

852

810

-

550

450

Jan.

*

,

400

370

330

Feb.

680

11,300

13,100

15,200

8,010

4,660

3,860

5,080

5,980

O QflA

3,500

S

cnfi

4,050

4,660

4,660

4,450

4 ' 050

Mar.

3,680

4,660

5,750

8,270

7,230

7,230

6,710

5,980

5,980

6,220

4,660

5,520

5,520

7,750

7 9«n

6,220

5,980

5

7KA

5,520

5,750

5

7KA

5,300

5,520

5.080

4,870

4,450

4,250

4,050

3 fisn

3,500

3,170

Apr.

2,870

2,720

2,570

2,570

2,170

3,500

1,930

1,820

1,710

1,710

1,660

1,560

1,460

1,310

1,260

1,310

1,220

1,310

1,260

1,310

1,610

1,820

1,930

1 660 1,'sio

1,560

1,560

1,510

1,660

1,820

M8>.

1,610

1 710

1,660

1,660

1,460

1,460 1,410

U60

1,310

1,360

i,iio

1,|20

1 360

1^80

J,080

997

954

922

007

1,260

1,410

1,610

1,610

1,560 i 8«o

i860 *l'860

June.

1,310

997

830

997

871

922

OQ7

QQ7

790

712

871

OOO

712

535

eno

751

471

568

535

471

471

423

376

275

266

405

535

922

603

471

July.

428

317

405

405

388

285

440

376

394

406

417

440

371

382

285

280

382

388

388

388

382

311

228

266

354

502

502

IQd

327

237

311

Aug.

301

349

285

296

306

228

502

247

301

296

247

206

194

202

202

285

411

638

417

301

285

285

285

266

270

252

177

198

185

252

228

Sept.

185

228

194

145

194

186

296

296

280

224

276

376

360

322

371

338

233

22S

354

317

256

.296

"V>fi

206

266

327

399

332

322

285

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 6 to Feb. 12 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean dally discharge for periods included.

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the yfar ending Sept. SO, 1918, 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles, j

Month.

October.......................................

January.......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ..........................................

July...........................................

September....................................

The year...... ..........................

D

Maximum.

1,550

1,790

940

15,200

Q O7rt

3,500

1,710

1,310

502

638

399

15,200

ischarge in si

Minimum.

372

730

3,i701

1,230

871

145

145

scond-feet.

Mean.

806

1,260

665

365

3,860

5,520

1,800

1,330

684

367

287

280

1,410

Per 

square 

mile.

0.322

itfU

.226

.146

1.54

2 91

.720

.532

.274

.147

.115

.112

.564

(depth in 

inches).

0.37

.66

.26

.17

1.60

2.56

.SO

.61

.31

.17

.13

.12

7.66

VERMILION RIVER NEAR STREATOR, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 30 N., R. 3 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

known as Bridge No. 3,1J miles south of Streator, La Salle County, and 100 feet 

below Santa Fe Railway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,080 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27,1914, to September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to highway bridge; read by) Mathew Reid until March 

31, and by Floyd Leslie after that date.
134 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAST V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; probably permanent.

EXTBEMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.0 feet at 4 p. m. 

February 15 (discharge, 5,080 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.53 foot at 4 p. m. 

June 27 (discharge, 1.4 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 22.4 feet January 21,1916 (discharge estimated from extension of rating curve, 16,000 second-feet); minimum stage 0.45 

foot August 16 and 17, 1914 (discharge, 0.7 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; seriously affected by ice during 

winter. Eating curve well defined between 300 and 2,500 second-feet, and fairly 

well denned between 10 and 300 second-feet and .above 2,500 second-feet. 

Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage heights to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was estimated from occasional gage heights, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Records good, except for periods of extreme low stages and period of ice effect, for which they are poor.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River near Streator, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

July9. .......................

Aug. 21.......................

height.

Feet. 

6.23

.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,790

8.2

Date.

Aug. 21............ ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet', of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1. ............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

W.. ...........

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

19

18

18

3.8

3.8

5.2

3.8

3.0

2.4

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

3.3

2.4

19

22

30

28

24

16

14

9.4

9.4

17

1513 '

13

15

12

Nov.

15

31

39

34

30

24

28

23

23

20

17

17

16

21

18

15

12

20

13

9.4

9.4

10

8.6

9.4

12

12

9.4

13

12

9.4

Dec.

12

12

17

12

9

3

12

Jan.

2

Feb.

2

4,200

4,680

5,000

5,080

3,200

2,150

1,700

1,600

1,400

1,170

930

818

818

620

557

495

526

Mar.

684

495

557

652

652

652

557

495

495

375

346

346

332

404

360

346

332

291

266

265

216

216

216

240

193

204

193

204

193

165

156

Apr.

146

127

291

557

620

652

557

526

464

419

375

332

304

240

216

204

228

304

464

620

1,350

1,800

1,650

1,650

1,010

930

930

1,090

818

1,250

May.

1,500

1,050

818

716

620

557

526

464

557

588

684

749

588

684

684

620

557

557

495

2,450

1,050

818

684

1,350

1,700

1,300

818

783

652

588

818

June.

783

588

464

360

291

228

216

346

526

419

318

266

228

156

127

53

80

59

48

47

42

74

30

33

14

2.2

1.4

131

652

970

July.

970

716

620

495

404

252

652

1,750

1,700

1,700

1,450

818

854

818

495

434

291

216

169

146

131

91

39

15

49

9.4

434

216

193

150

51

Aug.

39

34

15

21

30

26

15

12

15

9.4

12

81

21

18

3.8

15

14

14

13

6.0

6.9

10

10

8.6

6.0

5.2

9.4

6.9

3.6

193

167

Sept.

75

68

39

34

83

39

39

26

127

119

113

44

78

59

108

187

49

74

34

m

26

21

23

18

24

18

21

21

21

21

NOTE. Discharge for Dec. 6 to Feb. 11 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, aod 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion Ibvernear Streator, III., for ihe year ending Sept 80,1918.

[Drainage area, 1,080 square miles.]

Month.

October............ ...........................

November... ..................................

December .....................................

January

February......................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June............................................

July...........................................

The year.......... ......................

Discharge in su

Maximum .

30 

39

5,080 

684 

1,800 

2,450 

970 

1,750 

193 

167

5,080

Minimum

1.8 

8.6

.......... 1

156 

127 

464

M 9.1 

3.6

18

scond-feet.

Mean.

11.2 

17.7 

7.71 

2.00 

1,250 

358 

671 

840 

252 

527 

27.1 

54.0

328

Per 

square 

mile.

0.010 

.016 

.0071 

.0019 

1.16 

.331 

.621 

.778 

.233 

1 ,,488 

.025 

.050

.304

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.01 

.02 

.008 

.082 

1.21 

.38 

.69 

.90 

.26 

.56 

.03 

.06

4.13

SPOOK RIVER AT SEVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 24, T. 6 N., B. 1 E. fourth principal meridian, at Toledo, Peoria 

& Western Railway bridge, a quarter of a mile east of railway station at Seville, 

Pulton County.

DRAINAGE AKBA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24,1914, to September 30,19i8.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by C. D. Bartlett until July 1 and by 

B. M. Boales after that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge; low-water 

measurements are made by wading below dam at railroad station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a loose rock dam, about 2 miles downstream from 

gage, used to create a reservoir for the pumping station of Toledo, Peoria & Western 

Railway.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.3 feet at 9 a. m. February 16; minimum stage, 2.55 feet at 7 a. m. January 25.

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 26.0 feet Jimuary 23, 1916; minimum 

stage, 1.35 feet July 31 and August 28 and 29, 1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winlier.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Spoon River at Seville, III., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date. Discharge. . Date Discharge.

Oct. 15.

15.

June 11.

Feet. 

2.73 

2.73 

3.68

76

317

July 10. 

Aug. 22.

Feel. 

15.02 

4.27

Sec.-ft. 

6,270 

492
136 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Spoon River at Seville, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1918.

Day.

1.............. 

2.............. 

3.............. 

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

7..............

8.............. 

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............. 

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3.1

a.o

2.9 

2.9

3.4

3.3 

3.3

4.4 

4.1

3.6

3.3

3.1

2.7

2.8

2.7 

7.2

8.4

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.0

5.9

Nov.

5.7 

5.7 

5.6 

5.4

5.4

5.3 

5.3

5.1 

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6 

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

Dec.

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95

2.85 

2.95

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.1

4.3

3.6

3.6

Jan.

2.7 

"2." 7"

2.7

"i'e"

"i'e"

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

.......

Feb.

.......

.......

3.3 

3.8

7.3

13.4

14.0

14.8 

15.3

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.1

4

0

d Si

4 6

6.8

.......

Mar.

6.8 

6.8

6.7

6.7 

5.5

5.4 

5.4

5.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2 

4.2

4.3

4 1

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

Apr.

3.6 

3.6 

6.6 

3.6

3

a

3.6

4.8

5.0 

6.2

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.6

5.1

5.6 

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

6.0

6.2

5.9

May.

5.9

5.8 

5.8 

5.8

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.8 

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8 

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.8

5.4

6.8

7.2

8.1

 10.4

9.8

9.1

8.1

8.2

7.6

8.8

Jane.

6.0 

6.7 

5.5 

5.6

5.5

6.9 

6.7

6.9 

5.9

3.7

4.0

4.2

3.9

2.4 

3.1

3.3

2.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3 n

3.3

6.7

6.8

10.1

12.4

12.7

U q

July.

6.4

.......

.......

14.7

10.6

7.7

6.4

5.8

5.4 

5.2

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3

0

3.8

3.8

6.6

6.2

Aug.

4.4 

3.8 

3.7 

3.5

3.5

3.4 

3.3

3.2 

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.1

4.0 

6.8

5.6

6.4

9.7

8.0

5.1

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.5

6.3

Sept.

7.5

5.8 

4.5 

5.4

5.1

4.8 

4.6

4.2 

4.0

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

^3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice about Dec. 5 to Feb. 25. Sudden drop in stage 

Feb. 16 probably caused by breaking of ice jam.

SANOAMON RIVER AT MONTICELLO, XIX.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 18 N., R. 5 E. third principal meridian, at Illinois Central 

Railroad bridge half a mile west of Monticello, Piatt County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 4, 1908, to December 31, 1912; June 23, 1914, to 

September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by David Coay.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approach during medium and high stages, and by wading during low 

stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool. Control consists of fine 

gravel; likely to shift.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.4 feet at 8 

a. m., February 14 (discharge, 6,180 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.85 feet 

October 10-12 and December 12 and 14 (discharge, 11 second-feet).

1908-1912 and 1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded 15.2 feet May 14, 1908 

(discharge, 9,280 second-feet); maximum stage during flood of March to April, 

1913, 17.7 feet March 25 (discharge not known); minimum stage recorded, 1.5 

feet July 31, August 1 and 3, 1914 (discharge, 1 second-foot).
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BAS::K. 137

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly s& 

seriously affected by ice during winter. Eating curve 

4,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths once 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating tabl 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which it was 

sional gage heights, observer's reports, and weather records 

noted in table of daily discharge. Open-water records; 

stages, fair for very high stages; winter records poor.

eral times during year; 

fairly well defined below 

daily. Daily discharge 

e, except for period when 

estimated from occaand except for days 

rood for low and medium

Discharge measurementa of Scmgamon River at Monticello, 

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 10..........

10.........

Feb. 16.........

Gage 

height

Feet. 

1.86 

1.86 

10.95

Dis- T, t 

charge. DateSee.-fl. 

11. 1 Jin 

10.7 Ju] 

2,090

ae 25.. .......

y 15.........

SB.

Feel. 

10.56 

5.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,910 

324

Dotty discharge, in second-feet, ofSangamon River at Montit 

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

12 

12 

12 

12 

ol2

12 

ol2 

12 

12 

11

11 

11 

oil 

o!2 

12

12 

12 

12 

14 

16

016 

16 

16 

16 

15

16 

17 

o22 

27 

32 

59

Nov.

59 

59 

56 

o44 

32

29 

27 

25 

25 

25

o24 

23 

23 

23 

21

21 

21 

a 20 

19 

19

19 

19 

19 

19

19 

19 

19 

19 

19

Dec.

19 

ol9 

19 

19 

19

12 

30

Jan.

15

8

5

Feb.

300

1,810 

3,100 

4,270 

6,180 

4,270

3,100 

o2,070 

1,040 

715 

618

562 

526 

490 

0430 

371

322 

274 

226

.......

Mar.

226 

0211 

0196 

181 

181

170 

170 

159 

210 

0218

226 

194 

181 

170 

148

148 

0138 

128 

109 

100

96 

96 

96 

0102 

109

118 

138 

128 

114 

100 

0107

Apr.

114 

114 

258 

490 

354

290 

o274 

258 

226 

194

181 

170 

159 

« 141 

123

114 

170 

258 

422 

695

ol,090 

1,480 

1,610 

1,480 

862

1,190 

1,440 

ol,500 

1,560 

1,440

M

1;

o 

o

o

1, 1,

o 

o

0

o Discharge interpolated because of no gage-height record.

NOTE. Discharge estimated for Dec. 6 to Feb. 10, because of ice, fr 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean daily discharge for pes

I

-

A

>d

ay

32( 

101 

89:

75! 

66(

56: 

62! 

69J 

67i

67i

67< 

711 

75i 

041 

041

86:

71i 

5857:

5ft

59!

521 

45< 

38! 

33!

29!

25:

2ft 

33!

>m 

lot

1., during the yew ending

Date.

ig. 26... ......

Gage

3.03 

2.42

Discharge.

108 

41

o, III., for the year ending

June.

508 

o375 

242 

194 

159

159 

128

148 

ol71 

194

148 

114 

100 

87 

71

o64 

56 

48 

45

45

45 

45 

o40 

34 

1,360

2,270 

1,260 

1,040 

1,010

0842

July.

675 

637 

473 

o382 

290

226 

o708 

1,190 

1,440 

1,440

1,320 

920 

618 

o494 

371

322 

258 

226 

194 

170

ol44 

118 

104 

96

87

75 

75 

071 

67 

48 

42

Aug.

42 

36 

34 

o32 

29

25 

21 

21 

17

17

21 

17 

17 

21

21 

21 

o28 

34 

86

32 

21 

21 

25 

o35

45 

71 

45 

o40 

36 

59

Sept.

072 

086 

10ft 

354 

490

675 

862 

o778 

695 

599

338 

290 

226 

148 

0138

128 

128 

114 

100 

100

100

83 

71 

71

67 

56 

48

45

gage heights, observer's notes, 

s included.
138 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Monticello, III. ,/or the year^nding Sept, SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

November.....................................

December. .............. '......................

February. .....................................

May........ ...................................

July...........................................

August........................................

September....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

59 

59

6.180

226 

1,610 

1,320 

2,270 

1,440 

71 

862

6,180

Minimum.

11 

19

96 

114 

194 

34 

42 

17 

45

Mean.

15.9 

26.2 

19.5 

9.19 

1,190 

151 

622 

625 

367 

428 

30.3 

237

303

Per 

square 

mile.

0.029 

.048 

.035 

.017 

2.16 

.275 

1.13 

1.14 

.667 

.778 

.055 

.431

.551

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.03 

.05 

.04 

.02 

2.25 

.32 

1.26 

1.31 

.74 

.90 

.06 

.48

7.48

SAWGAMON RIVER AT RIVERTON, ILL.

LOCATION. In southeast corner of SW. J sec. 9, T. 16 N., R. 4 W. third principal 

meridan, at Wabash Railroad bridge a quarter of a mile west of Riverton, Sangamon County, and 2J miles below mouth of South Fork.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 2,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 7, 1914, to 

September 30,1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. J. Washburn.

DISCHABGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool. Control consists of fine 

gravel; shifts slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.8 feet at 4 

p. m. May 11 (discharge, 9,880 second-feet); minimum stage, 7.19 feet February 

2, 3, and 6 (discharge estimated, 16 second-feet).

1908-1912 and 1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 27.8 feet February 3, 

1916 (discharge, 20,800 second-feet;) high water of 1883 reached a height of approximately 32 feet on present gage, and that of 1875 is said to have been onehalf foot lower (discharge not estimated;) minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet 

October 3-15,1915 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during year; affected by ice 

during winter. Bating curve well defined between 94 and 4,350 second-feet, 

and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read to hundredths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating 

table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was estimated from occasional gage heights, observer's notes, apd 

weather records. Open-water records good; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 11......................

11......................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

7.56

7.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

36

36

Date.

Aug. 24.......................

Cage 

height.

Feet.

9 9fi

8.46

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

343

ton
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BAS::N,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, qfSangamon River at River to

Sept. SO, 1918.

139

, III., j or the year ending

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Way June. July. Aug. Sept.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. 

9-

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

64

55

55

52

51

43

51

43

41

39

37

40

41

43

43

50

52

53

51

50

174

320

490

184

122

102

86

84

75

96

113

102

105

115

129

136

127

122

112

102

75

30

85

50

25

15

800

5,700

7,320

9,800

9,620

8,160

6,120

6,560

7,860

8,010

7,320

4,070

2,430

1,830

1.410

1,290

1,250

960

736

706

706

706

706

619

566

515

515

465

440

392

392

416

416

416

416

404

368

356

344

344

332

490

490

465

392

344

344

320

368

416

465

416

1,210

1,370

1,100

1,060

1,030

767

647

566

566

540

515

676

566

995

1,250

1,780

2,330

2,880

3,000

3,540

3,930

4,700

4,770

4,910

4,910

1,100

736

736

736

736

798

798

556

440

416

416

392

344

320

296

284

238

227

216

164

154

151

151

145

296

440

1,109

862

1,450

1,780

1,570

1,530

1,530

1,870

1,170

862

1,210

3,240

3 790

3,860

3,720

3,600

3,420

3,180

2,830

1,610

1,330

927

894

1,060

619

566

465

440

404

356

273

174

205

250

205

184

168

147

140

113

92

85

84

84

80

79

79

79

76

75

380

392

182

90

80

178

154

140

113

105

94

113

238

227

250

284

1,100

1,490

1,450

1,330

1,250

1,170

1,170

767

592

490

404

416

592

619

676

619

706

465

416

368

320

296

238

227

216

184

Nora. Discharge estimated for Dec. 6 to Feb. 10. because of ice,: 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean daily discharge '

from gage heights,

:e for pertac indicated

Monthly discharge ofSangamon River at Riverton, III., for tie 

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

i, observer's notes, 

ear ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Month.

Discharge in: ee md-feet

Maximum. Minimum. lean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches).

October... 

November.. 

December., 

January..., 

February... 

March......

April.......

May........

June... .. 

July........

August.....

September.

490

136

9,800

862

4,910

9,980

1,780

3,860

392

1,490

320

368

767

145

174

75

184

The year.

90.3

85.0

54.3

29.5

520

483

740

210

549

510

144

640

,070

0.035

.033

.021

.012

1,38

.189

.680

1.64

.214

.590

.056

.250

.418

0.04

.04

.02

.01

1.44

.22

.76

1.89

.24

.68

.06

.28

5.68
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PA&T V.

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T 19 N., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

3 miles northeast of Oakford, Menard County, 2$ miles above Chicago, Peoria & 

St. Louis Railroad bridge, and 1J miles above mouth of Crane Creek.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 5,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE . October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to 

March 31, 1912; and August 25, 1914, to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by R. W. Schnell from October 1 to 

December 31, by Henry Chesser from January 1 to June 30, and by Frank Dick 

from July 1 to September 30.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and fine gravel; shifting. The river 

for some distance above and below station has been dredged and straightened, 

thus increasing the slope considerably and disturbing the regimen of flow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.2 feet February 

15 and 17 (discharge, 10,500 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.28 feet October 19-22 

(discharge, 183 second-feet).

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 19.9 feet June 8 and 9, 1917 (discharge 

determined from extension of rating curve, 33,300 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.65 foot September 27, 1916 (discharge, 128 second-feet). Minimum 

discharge recorded, 85 second-feet August 30-31. November 27, and December 2, 

1914. Maximum and minimum discharges recorded during periods of record, 

same as above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by 

ice during winter. Rating curve fairly-well denned. Gage read to quartertenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights 

to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was estimated from occasional gage heights, observer's notes, 

and weather records; discharge interpolated, because of no gage-height record 

July 7, August 10-23 and 25, and September 8. Open-water records good; winter 

records poor.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 13......................

13......................

Nov. 17......................

Gage

Feet. 

1.32

1.32

1.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

185

190

248

Date.

An IT 94

(j8i£J6

Feet. 

3.12

2.31

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

1 *644 040
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSangamon River near Oakford,

Sept. SO, 1918.

141

'., III., for the year ending

Day.

1... ..........

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.. ...........

8.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

294 

294 

272 

259 

243

230 

230 

222 

210 

202

190 

190 

198 

202 

198

190 

190

194 

 183 

183

183 

183 

.264 

405 

405

359 

315 

272 

272 

405 

315

Nov.

315 

315 

315 

294

294

315 

315 

315 

294 

294

272 

272 

264 

255 

251

251 

243 

238 

230 

230

230 

226 

222 

214 

210

210 

214 

218 

218 

214

Dec.

214 

210 

210 

210 

, 206

ife 

230

Jan.

130 

65 

45

Feb.

1,000

6,280 

6,400 

9,080 

10,100 

10,500

10,300 

10,500 

9,640 

8,820 

8,300

7,390 

7,000 

5,050 

3,060 

2,980

2,260

2,100 

1,810

Mar.

1,810 

1,810 

1,600 

1,530 

1,530

1,390 

1,390 

1,390 

1,390 

1,320

1,390 

1,200 

1,140 

1,140 

1,140

1,200 

906 

1,020 

962 

962

906 

906 

962 

906

851

851 

906 

851 

851 

906 

851

Apr.

851 

746 

851 

851 

1,200

1,530 

1,950 

1,670 

1,670 

1,600

1,460 

1,320 

1,320 

1,200 

1,080

1,020 

1,080 

1,140 

1,260 

1,460

2,260 

2,980 

3,500 

3,770 

3,680

4,230 

4,630 

5,930 

6,520 

6,520

1

6 

(

^ 

3

j 

3 

3

.«

e

* '

9 

10

9

j

10

8

5 

5 

3 

3

2

2 

2 

2 

5 

3 

3

fa1

>4( 

,0s 

,0t

>&

,T

,T 

,4f ,5< 

,04 

,04

,m >® ,&

,3C

,7f

;! 

:5

,5t

,85 

3* 

,9f ,4e

»1*

,05

.If 

»34 ,7' 

,91 

,41

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

[0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

June.

2,980 

1,810 

1,670 

1,670 

1,670

1,600 

1,810 

1,600 

1,390 

1,320

1,260 

1,140 

1,200 

1,020 

906

906 

798 

906 

851 

1,020

962

549 

574 

746

549

2,260 

2,580 

3,060 

3,500 

3,950

July.'

2,100 

1,810 

1,950 

2,100 

2,260

2,420 

4,120 

5,820 

6,880 

7,000

7,000 

6,640 

5,710 

4,940 

4,230

3,590 

3,060 

2,3*0 

2,020 

1,810

1,600 

1,390 

1,260 

1,200 

1,080

1,020

962 

906 

851

798 

696

Aug.

696 

647 

598 

574 

524

500 

452 

428 

405

350

1,080 

814

549 

549

476 

428 

405 

428

Sept.

452 

524 

5*9 

696 

2,260

2,740 

2,680 

2,420 

2,260 

1,810

1,670 

1,600 

1,390 

1,200 

1,020

906 

906 

906 

906 

962

1,020 

906 

851 

798 

696

647 

598 

549 

500

476

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for July 7, Aug. 10-23 and 25, and Sept 8,jbecause of no gage-height record; 

estimated for Dec. 6 to Feb. 10, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., /ojr the year ending Sept. SO,

1918. 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June..........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in

Maximum.

405 

315

10,500 

1,810 

8,520 

10,300 

3,950 

7,000

2,740

10,500

Minii^iiTin

1& 

21

85 

74 

2,021 

54 

691

45

second-feet.

! 

)

i 

) 

) 

!

5

Mean.

250 

258 

203 

78.9 

4,700 

1,160 

2,310 

1 5,640 

i 1,540 

2,890 

466 

1,160

1,700

Per

square 

mile.

0.050 

.052 

.041 

.016 

.940 

.232 

.462 

1.13 

.308 

.578 

.093 

.232

.340

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.06 

.06 

.05 

.02 

.98 

.27 

.52 

1.30 

.34 

.67 

.11 

.26

4.64

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER AT POWER PLANT

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 3 W., at Chicago <

bridge, 6 miles northwest of Taylorville, Christian County 

plant of Central Illinois Public Service Co., 5 miles 

and 8 miles below station formerly maintained at

DRAINAGE AREA. 510 square miles. (Measured on 

Geological Survey; scale, 1: 500,000.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 18,1917, to September 30, l!)lij5

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by H. Henc ricks

NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

; Illinois Midland Railroad 

, 500 feet east of power 

b01ow mouth of Bear Creek 

Wabash Railroad bridge, 

map issued by the United States
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTBOI.. Soft mud; likely to shift.

EXTEEMES OF DiscHAEGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.0 feet at 8 a. m., 

May 11 (discharge, 2,960 second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.1 second-feet, 

October 9. ;

1917-18: Maximum stage recorded, 26.6 feet June 6, 1917 (discharge, 10,400 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.1 second-feet, October 9. A stage of about 

27.3 feet on the present gage is said to have been reached January 31, 1916 (discharge, 11,300 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. An average of about half a second-foot is used for boiler feed and other 

purposes at the power plant.

ACCTJEACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during high water in February; 

seriously affected by ice during winter. Eating curves fairly well denned above 

16 second-feet. Gage read to hundredth^ once daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying daily gage heights to rating tables, except for periods noted in footnote 

 to daily-discharge table. Open-water records good for medium and high stages, 

fair for low stages; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorwlle, III., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Bate.

Oct. 12.. .....................

12.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.72

3.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4.0

4.1

Date.

Aug. 26.. .....................

 ».

Feet. 

4.33

4.28

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

24. S

25.9

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near 

Taylormlle, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9.0

8.2

7.4

6.9

6.6

6.2

6.6

6.8

3.1

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.4

5.0

6.0

5.0

6.5

250

340

230

76

59

52

38

28

40

32

46

52

47

Nov.

112

96

84

84

80

23

21

19

11

9

30

26

25

24

21

19

17

17

17

17

20

11

19

16

16

18

14

17

19

21

Dec.

id

17

18

17

14

7

25

Jan.

3

2

1

Feb.

2

267

1,440

2,110

2,430

2,860

2.860

2,860

2,430

2,430

2,110

1,800

1.480

1,160

846

529

213

200

186

177

168

141

Mar.

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

117

117

109

93

85

77

73

85

109

93

81

77

73

66

73

85

81

77

69

66

55

49

46

43

Apr.

62

117

125

1,000

1,000

1,020

868

327

297

240

186

159

159

141

125

109

277

599

697

630

806

956

978

956

806

1,120

1,530

1,540

1,560

1,470

May.

1,180

829

478

387

317

267

258

267

934

2,710

2,960

2,860

2,590

2,430

2,190

1,870

1,560

1,120

769

437

347

277

249

222

195

177

159

141

125

109

07

June.

93

85

73

66

58

55

49

49

46

36

40

38

31

29

27

27

27

25

24

22

21

19

19

18

18

16

16

14

73

125

July.

150

109

66

38

29

25

73

327

511

489

557

646

570

377

168

109

89

77

66

55

46

40

36

52

52

36

29

27

24

20

16

Aug.

14

12

11

9.6

8.6

7.6

6.6

4.6

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.8

4.6

5.6

4.6

6.6

9.6

18

15

14

12

11

29

17

10

10

133

Sept.

46

85

177

522

733

646

663

522

437

887

281

175

69

58

58

73

267

317

229

140

52

141

109

89

80

71

61

52

43

38

NOTE. Discharge interpolated, because of no gage-height record, for Feb. 17-22 and 24, Apr. 28, May 2, 

and Sept. 11,12.19,20, and 25-28; estimated for Dec. 6 to Feb. 7, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's 

notes, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BAS:tH. 143

, Monthly discharge of South Fork of Sangamon River at pa^er plant near Taylorville, 

III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 191$.

j [Drainage area, 510 square miles.] i

Month.

December......

March..........

April...........

May............

July............

TTlfl TTftAT*

Discharge in

 .

340 

112

2,860

1,560

2 QfiA

ioc

646

133

733

2,960

Mlnlmmn.

o 1

g

43

62

07

14

16

3.3

38

KASKASKIA RIVER AT VANDALIA.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. third principal n

at east end of Main Street, Vandalia, Fayette Couni

Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,980 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1908, to December

to September 30, 1918.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Wilson H

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream sid

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool;

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. -Maximum stage recorded du

and 12 (discharge, 8,460 second-feet); minimum stage

October 17 (discharge, 3g second-feet).

1908-1912 and 1914-1918: Maximum stag-e record

(discharge, 16,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.3$

charge, 13 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during hij

ously affected by ice during winter. Rating curvi

fairly well denned below 368 second-feet. Gage reac

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 1

cept for period when stage-discharge relation was affe<

estimated from occasional gage heights, observer's no

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 

Sept. SO, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct.9. .........

Nov. 19........

heffi.

Feet.

1.09

2.10

Discharge.

See.-ft.

60

162

Date.

Feb. 16....

he®.

Feet.

17.28

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7

OOA

386

secjond-feet.

Tl

16]

 7i

3:

al

ec

lil

m

re<

3d

f

h

38

Lt

ie:

te

tei

nz

A

Mean.

A.K n

3A Q

15.0

1 07

,020

89.5

662

920-

« q

1 CO

18.0

221

263

JU

Ft.*r

square

mite.

0.088

060

.020

man

2. on

.-._7K

1.3ft

l.Um

AQ1

.310

.025

.433

.516

(depth in

inches).

0.10

.07

.03

fVU

2.08

.20

1.4&

2 no

.09

.36

.03

6.87

idian, at highway bridge

3J miles above

., 1912; August

5V.

Hickory

11, 1914,

if bridge or by wading.

cely to shift.

ig year, 18.5 feet May 11

:orded, 0.91 foot at 1 p. m.

23.0 feet

oot August

water

June 5, 1917

12, 1914 (disin February; seriwell defined above and

o hundredths once daily.

ghts to rating tables, exd by ice, for which it was

j, and weather records.

., duririg the year ending

Date.

ly 15 ,----.

lg.27...

heiip

Feet 9.i

2.4

e Disit. charge.

. Sec.-ft. <2 2, 240

H 267
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

67

67

67

62

62

58

54

ifi

43

42

42

41

41in

39

38

38

38<ifi

222

481

391

327 *>o*>

204

196

ififl

172

222

657

Nov.

770

685

657

552

458

413

369

307

QA7

268

f»AQ

231

222

- 204

IQfi

Ififl

172

165

151

151

151

144

138

138

132

132

1OO

126

126

120

Dec.

114

108

102

102

 55

150

Jan.

65

45

Feb.

1,320

6,270

7,320

8,060

7,800

6,770

6,010

6,350

4,290

3,240

2,440

1,780

1,400

1,330

1,200

1,110

1,060

962

Mar.

1,050

904

818

818

7Qfl

736

684

634

538

iOO

jliS

515

609

585

561

515

492

AASt

427

4/V7

368

350

350

368

368

^fiS

350

350

332

332

Apr.

332

332

314

407

736

585

515

585

538

538

515

492

448

427

427

407

2,320

3,840

2,720

2,480

4,830

6,140

4,040

3,290

3,440

5,420

7 iit\

7,100

6,460

6,270

May.

5 4on

4,710

4,090

3,390

2,920

2,360

1,820

1,540

1 Sftrt

6,070

8,460

8,460

7,800

7 210

4,770

4,830

3,740

3,120

2,800

3,080

2 QfiO

2,560

2,160

1,750

1,500

1,330

1,200

1,080

962

933

1,020

June.

933

818

790

710

684

634

585

818

585

492

470

427

387

368

332

332

368

314

280

263

246

229

198

213

246

448

2,000

2,040

1 780

2,120

July.

2,280

2,200

2,080

1,820

1,820

1,750

1,540

1,890

3,740

4,530

4,710

4,660

3,740

2,620

1,750

1,750

1,440

1 170

962

818

736

634

470

538

470

448

407

368

360

332

9Q7

Aug.

OQ7

263

246

229

213

213

198

184

177

164

157

144

138

138

150

132

184

126

121

116

110

167

121

121

157

184

263

Iftl

157

634

Sept.

609

585

1.020

1,500

4,140

5,140

5,350

4,890

2 fiAfi

i osn

1 fifiA

1470

1,230

QQ1

848

710

as

1,480

1,890

i owl

1 640

1^360

1,140

991

875

763

' 684

684

585

888

NOTE. Discharge estimated for Dec. 6 to Feb. 11, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1918.

[Drainage area, 1,980 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May.................:.........................

July...........................................

{5ept*flmhf(r , ... .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

713

770

8,060

1,050 

7,440 

8,460 

2,120 

4,710 

634 

6,350

8,460

Minimum.

38 

120

332 

314 

933 

198 

297 

110 

638

38

Mean.

1S9 

268 

97.5 

51.5 

2,890 

548 

2,410 

3,390 

670 

1,680 

187 

1,680

1,150

Per 

square 

mile.

0.080 

.135 

.049 

.026 

1.46 

.277 

1.22 

1.71 

.338 

.848 

.094 

.848

.581

Run-off 

(depth in inches).

0.09 

.15 

.06 

.03 

1.52 

.32 

1.36 

1.97 

.38 

.98 

.11 

.95

7.92
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 145

KASKASKIA RIVER AT HEW ATHENS, ILL.

LOCATION. In W. \ NE. I sec. 28, T. 2 S., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at 

Illinois Central Railroad bridge 600 feet north of railroad station at New Athens, 

St. Glair County, 1 mile below mouth of Silver Creek and 3 miles above mouth 

of Lively Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,220 square miles.

RECORDS AvAiLABLE.-^January 23, 1907, to December 31, 1912; June 22, 1914, to 

September 30, 1918. Gage height of river was taken on Wednesday and Thursday mornings from January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, by C. J. von Roth 

Roffy for the New Athens Journal, and by whom they were published. Record 

authentic. Gage heights have been reduced to the present datum; maximum 

error probably not more than 0.4 foot, decreasing with increase of stage.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Henry Hoffman.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached, or from highway bridge about 500 feet downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; may shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 24.5 feet at noon 

April 30 (discharge, 20,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.47 feet at 

noon October 18 (discharge, 107 second-feet).

1907-1912 and 1914; 1918: Maximum stage recorded, 35.7 feet August 26, 1915 

(discharge, 63,100 second-feet); Tnim'Tmm stage, 2.08 feet August 10, 1914 (discharge, 102 second-feet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in February; 

seriously affected by ice during winter; also affected by backwater from Mississippi River about April 4-8 and June 1-20. Rating curves used during periods 

of no backwater from Mississippi River fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating tables, except for periods noted in footnote to table of daily discharge. 

Open-water records fair; winter records and records during period of backwater 

poor.

Published estimates of discharge for the following periods may be considerably 

too large, the excess depending on the amount of backwater produced at New Athens: 

January 21-28, June 14-18, July 19 to August 3,1907; May 17 to July 23,1908; March 

14, April 21 to May 1, May 11-17, June'12 to July 27, 1909; May 10-13, June 12-15, 

1910; March 22 to May 11, June 19-22, 1912.

Discharge measurements of KaskasJda River at New Athens, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1918.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 8............ .............

Feb. 15....._................

.36.

Feet. 

2.71

22.49

Discharge.

Settft. 

145

13,300

Date.

Aug. 28.... ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.98

4.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

557

606

Made during backwater from Mississippi River. 

1688° 21 WSP 475 10
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of KasJtxiskia River at New Athens, Itt., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1918.

Day.

1.. .........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

187

178

178

170

170

161

153

145

145

1Q7

137

19Q

129

129

122

114

107

122

114

199

129

137

145

234

360

' 360

338

382

880

1,400

Nov.

1,060 oi n

880

850

790

730

700

612

530

478

429

4(VK

360

338

316

316

295

295

295 9O<;

274

234

234

234

224

224

234

234

254

274

Dec.

295

316

316

274

944

224

215

160

350

Jan.

180

125

Feb.

3,000

19 Ann

13,700

13,900

IQ Onn

13 700

19 7nn

11,800

in onfi

10,100

9 ^*10

8 Qin

8 Of ft

7,260

4,250

2,640

Mar.

2 ion

2 ion

2,420

2

fiA(\

2,440

2 Ann

1 OQfl

1,840

1,610

1,410

1,250

1,130

1,040

1,010

QCA

892

863

863

QOd

834

*7f7A

748

720

664

664

636

636

609

582

582

556

Apr.

556

556

con

OJQ

444

464

CAfl

742

1,130

950

834

834

776

748

Rfyy

664

2

GAf\

7340

8,810

1ft inn

11,000

n finn

11,800

12 000

13^200

15,200

17,000

18, 100 IQ snn

20,300

May.

18,900

17 000

15J500.

14,100

13,200

12,200

11,500

10 800

10^100

S oin

6,700

9,820 IQ nnn

IQ onn

14,100

14,100

|0 QA/1

|0 OAfl

13,000 IQ nnn

19 fiftfi

19 Ann

19 7fm

19 7ftfl

19 7fm

H O Art

7 600

3,630

2 dA.t\

1 Q<ift

June.

1,300

1,230

1 240

1 1 1\(\

1,060

906

1,160

2 SAft

1,920

I

Qftn

1,060

Q19

794

693

649

596

561 4fin

422

664 Ann

556

KAK

430

4o6

456

iftn

556

1,330

July.

2 9in

2,440

2,490

2 .10(1

2,440

2,290

2,140

1 CKM1

1 O4O

I

QJA

2 ^on

3

OAA

3,740

S ofin

4,070

4,070

3 630

2,860

2,240

1 790

1 4QA

1,230

1,100

1,010

892

834

<me

748

692

636

609

Aug.

609

556

505

480

456

432

409

365

365

QAA

323

323

323

323

283

283

<MVt

324

344

530

556

530

409

323

387

530

IWW

505

892

748

556

Sept.

456

748

1 jlSft

1,410

2,240

4,670

7,100

6,700

6,780

6,620

5,720

5,030

4 ion

2,970

2,400

1,840

1,650

1 370

2,490

3,080

A lytfl

5,030

4,790

3,580

2,390

1,740

1,410

1,250

1,100

1,010

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Oct. 21, Mar. 3, Apr. 21, Aug. 17-J8, and Sept. 15, for lack of gageheight record; estimated for Dec. 7 to Feb. 12, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records; determined from daily gage heights at Chester and New Athens, by slope method dedescribed in Water Supply Paper 345, p. 36, for Apr. 4-S and June 1-20, because of backwater from Mississippi River.

Monthly discharge ofKaskaskia River qt New Athens, III. ,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

March.........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,400 

1,060

13,900

2,640 

20.300 

18,900 

2,860 

4,070 

892 

7,100

20,300

Minimum.

107 

224

556 

348 

1,940 

422 

609 

283 

456

107

Mean.

237 

443 

252 

143 

7,090 

1,210 

6,340 

11,600 

913 

2,080 

448 

3,190

2,790

Per 

square 

mile.

0.045 

.085 

.048 

.027 

1.36 

.232 

1.21 

2.22 

.175 

.398 

.086 

.611

.534

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.05 

.09 

.06 

.03 

1.42 

.27 

1.35 

2.56 

.20 

.46 

.10 

.68

7.27

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT PLTJMFIELD, ILL.

LOCATION. In W. % sec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 2 E., at highway bridge at Plumfield, Franklin 

County, 6 miles west of West Frankfort, 1£ miles below mouth of Middle Fork, 

and 2 miles below station formerly maintained at Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 

Railroad bridge.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 753 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 18, 1914, to September 30, 1918; June 16, 1908 to 

September 30, 1912, and November 1, to December 31, 1912, maintained at 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 147

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Louis Robertson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent. Control is about a quarter of a

mile below gage. Point of zero flow is at a stage of about 0.6 foot. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 24.3 feet at 6

a. m. and 6 p. m. May 15 (discharge, 9,330 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.84

foot at 6 a. m. October 12 (discharge, 2.4 second-feet). 

1914-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 30.2 feet February 1, 1916 (discharge,

16,300 second-feet); minimum stage August 18 to 26, 1914, when there was no

flow past the gage. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by

ice during winter. Rating curve fairly well defined above 43 second-feet. Gage

read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily

gage heights to rating table, except for periods noted in footnote to daily-discharge

table. Open-water records good except for low stages, for which they are fair;

winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Plum-field, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

19.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet, 

1.26

1.26

Discharge.

See.-/*. 

9.0

8.4

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Muddy River at Plwnjfield, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5.............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.. ...........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4.0

3.6

3.3

3

C

o 9

2.9

2.8 9 a

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

3.1

3.1

3.0

8.8

7.9

6.6

4.5

4.4

4.5

3.8

3.2

4.2

15

62

Nov.

386

qjc

207

103

62

42

32

26

20

18

15

13

11

9.1

8.4

6.6

6.0

5.2

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.4

4 9

4.3

4.2

7.0

12

46

324

Dec.

438

Oft/i

143

114

OB

62

43

15

140

Jan.

150

45

10

Feb.

830

5,600

6,020

5,930

5,680

5 040

4,' 110

3,170

2,150

1,300

685

264

1 eo

1QO

lift

113

Mar.

114

O19

760 Ton

494

466

480

V>A

syto

1 5^1

113

Q4

72

58

46

»<\

OO

07

QO

30

26

24

26<tn

46

67

54

50

bo

39

28

Apr.

24

196

too

67

43

33

Oft

91

1ft

14

13

12

19

14 i«

536

955

1,280

1 540 1,'Tso i ssn

2,090

2 fun

3

OOA

4 dfift

6,470

7 460

8

AOA

May.

7 osn

7 190

6^020

4,600

3,370

2,180

1,320 Ton

41 *£

1SS

730

3,070

6,380

9 030

9

9OA

S

oon

8,030

6,920

4 oon

3,910

2 Aflft

1 QAf\

1 480

1*340

I

qnn

1

OQA

I

fiAft

ififi

240 ica

QA

June.

62

42

35

A£

26

133

288

QQQ

286

174

128

sn

43

29

22

16

10

10

7.9

7.0

6

0

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.6

5.6

6.6

6.4

19

580

July.

452

252

133

A9

39

24

17

14

11

9 1

6

0

6 9

5.2

5.0

4 7

3.9

4.4

4.0

4.0

t Q

4.1

4.0

3.8

3 d

4 9

4.0

3.8

3.9

3 7

3.6

3.0

Aug.

300

174

90

58

24

16

10

8 9

6.0

5.0

4.7

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.2

3.8

3.5

3.1

3.0 9fi

34

qi

33

po

300

264

229

IQfl

143

Sept.

108

264

240

373

565

700

522

264

123

67

42

28

20

16

13

26

67

336 itu

312

163

252

185

98

58

07

24

19

14

11

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Nov. 13 and 15, Dec. 4, June 9, and Aug. 8; estimated for Dee. 8 to 

Feb. 12, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records.
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1018, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1918,

[Drainage area, 753 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July.. .........................................

September.............................^.......

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

62 

386 

438

6,020

790 

8,030 

9,330 

580 

452 

300 

700

9,330

Minimum.

2.4 

4.2

24 

9 

94 

5.0 

3.0 

3.0 

11

2.4

Mean.

5.92 

58.2 

96.1 

66.5 

1,800 

164 

1,440 

3,460 

82.2 

35.6 

66.1 

181

614

Per 

square 

mile.

0.008 

.077 

.128 

.088 

2.39 

.218 

1.91 

4.59 

.109 

.047 

.088 

.240

.815

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.009 

.09 

.15 

.10 

2.49 

.25 

2.13 

5.29 

.12 

.05 

.10 

.27

11.05

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT MURPHYSBORO, ILL.

LOCATION. In SW. Jsec. 8, T. 9 S., R. 2 W.,atlower highway bridgeonSouth Twentieth Street, a quarter of a mile below mouth of Louis Creek at Mbbile & Ohio 

Railway bridge.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 6, 1916, to September 30, 1918.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,170 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by E. W. Jacobs.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy clay; likely to shift.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 33.9 feet at 8 p. m. 

May 16 (discharge not determined because of backwater from Mississippi River); 

maximum stage recorded during periods not affected by backwater, 27.7 feet at 

5 p. m. February 16 (discharge, 10,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

during year, 1.64 feet at 1 p. m. October 11 (discharge, 3.9 second-feet).

1917-1918: Maximum discharge, estimated 15,600 second-feet January 10, 

1917; minimum discharge, 3.9 second-feet, October 11, 1917. About February 

2, 1916, the river reached a height of 39.6 feet the highest known stage on the 

present gage (discharge ascertained from extension of rating curve, 28,000 secondfeet).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during year; seriously affected by ice 

during winter; also affected by backwater from Mississippi River whenever height 

on gage of United States Weather Bureau at Chester, 111., is above about 10.0 

feet. Rating curve used until March 4 fairly well defined between 45 and 9,000 

second-feet; curve used after that date fairly well defined above 68 second-feet. 

Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage heights to rating tables, except for periods noted in footnote to table of 

daily discharge. Open-water records good for medium stages, fair for very low 

and high stages; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1918. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Oct. 8..... ..........................................................................

8...............................................................................

Aug. 28...... ................................. ......................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.87

1.87

9.40

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

7.2

7.4

1,770
tTPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASHT, 149

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River at Murphysiboro, III,, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

6..............

7.. .......... ..

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.. . ......... ..

18.............. 10

20..............

yi... ...........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.15

2.04

1.96

1.94

1.84

L70

1.66

1.64

1.72

L70

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.60

2.70

2.64

2.60

2.70

2.60

2.60

2.80

3.20

Nov.

5.3

5.8

5.8

40

3.6

3.5

3.0

2.90

2.80

2.72

2.96

3.7

3.05

2.72

2.54

2.48

2.40

2.32

2.22

2.14

2.08

2.04

2.02

2.22

2.70

4.2

5.0

Dec.

5.1

5.1

4.8

4.2

3.6

3.15

2.92

2.80

2.70

2.66

2.62

2.59

2.57

2.55

2.52

2.65

3.1

3.4

3.55

4.8

44

4.3

4.2

4.2

3.7

Jan.

3.25

3.2

3.55

3.55

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.6

5.0

41

3.7

3.45

3.4

44

3.45

40

Feb.

4.4

49

5.6

ia 6

21.0

*>ji A.

27.0

27.0

27.7

26.2

246

21.0

149

7.2

43

Mar.

3.8

8.2

7.4

6.4

6.1

4.6

44

41

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.25

3.4

3.5

3.55

3.5

3.1

3.6

3.45

3.5

3.8

3.9

Apr.

5.2

6.8

7.4

8.6

8.6

as

8.4

7.5

6.7

6.1

5.3

i K

3.6

44

7.6

8.6 ia 6

12.8

17.3

17.8

18.2

21.6

245

26.4

29.2

30.2

May.

on a

31.2

30.6

28.5

26.2

24.9

23.2

19.4

16.8

17.1

27.3

30.5

32.2

33.5

33.9

33.5

31.9

29.9

28.4

26.5

244

22.3

20.2

18.2

15.1

11.5

8.1

7.8

June.

7 0

10.0

9.6

9.1

8.8

8.5

8.2

8.0

8.2

0 1

Itt9 ia 6

ia4

9.9

9.2

8.9

8.6

8.0

7.7

6.4

5.5

6.1

7.1

7.7

8.1

July.

8.6

8.4

8.0

7.6

7.0

6.0

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.0

3.2

2.7

2.2

2.12

2.06

2.00

1.92

1.85

1.88

1.92

1.98

1.92

1.90

1.88

Aug.

1.85

2.22

2.75

2.85

2.9

2.85

2.5

1.96

2.04

2.12

1.98

1.85

L78

L74

1.88

2.12

3.7

46

40

3.4

3.4

40

42

6.9

9.2

48

42

Sept.

4 B

6.1

8.8

9.2

9 6

9. 9

S 4

7.1

5.7

5.1

44

, 3.0

2.95

42

5.4

5.9

6.4

6.0

5.2

46

42

3.8

3.5

3.35

3.05

2.85

2.6

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Feb. 8 and by backwater from Mississippi 

River Mar. 5 to July 21 and Sept. 5-10.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., for the year'

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Day.

1.. .........................

3...........................

4...........................

6...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8..........................

9...........................

10...........................

11................ ..........

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22.................... ......

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30

31... ........................

Oct.

o26

a 99

18

13

10

9.2

»8.0

6.8

4.5

4.1

3.9

4.8

A. <i

olO

15

13

11

27

20

20

a 38

56

67

60

56

67

56

a 56

56

79

135

Nov.

495

598

598

255

195

180

105

92

79

69

o84

100

210

112

69

49

43

o39

35

29

21

17

14

13 ol2

12

91

67

287

435

Dec.

455

o455

455

395

287

195

128

95

o87

79

40

260

Jan.

325

310

30

Feb.

250

5,650

6,730

7,680

8,640

o9,420

10,200

010,200

10,700

10,200

9.720

8,760

o7,740

6,730

o5,200

3,660

o2.290

920

«612

<vu

«264

Mar.

225

1,170

July.

 -

31

27

22

18

20

22

26

22

21

20

Aug.

18

43

94

olOO

106

112

106

68

25

30

35

26

18

14

12

20

35

«140

244

424

300

190

190

300

340

1,020

1 710

ol,400

o882

469

340

Sept.

o404

469

797

1,590

1,000

539

381

125

118

a229

340

612

743

880

770

563

424

340

262

208

182

132

106

o92

78

a Discharge interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge estimated for Dec. 11 to Feb. 8 because of ice and for Sept. 5-10 because of backwater 

from Mississippi River. Discharge March 5 to July 21 not determined owing to backwater. Braced figures 

show mean discharge for periods Indicated.
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1918.

[Drainage area, 2,170 square miles.)

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

^tftxipTHTti; -

135 

598 

455

10,700 

1,710

MrniTQiim,

3.9 

12

12

78

Mean.

31.5 

144 

190 

215 

4,560 

284 

546

Per 

square 

mile.

0.015 

.066 

.088 

.099 

2.10 

.131 

.252

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches).

0.02 

.07 

.10 

.11 

2.18 

.IS 

.28

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in Hudson Bay drainage basin during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date.

July 14

Aug '1

Sept. 6

Stream.

Alien Creek

.....do.................

.. ...do.... ........ .....

.....do................

Tributary to 

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Locality.

cier-Canyon Creek trail.

.....do................... ..

.....do......................

£EL

Feet.

0.29

.06

.03

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

17.6

»8.0

2.6

1 9

a Temporary gage set under foot log at trail crossing.

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in Upper Mississippi River drainage basin during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1918.

Date. Stream. Tributary to Locality. «fc

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

as find
INDEX.

A. Page. 

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Accuracy of data and computed records,

degrees of............ ...... 8-9

Afton, Wis., Rock River at.................. 95-96

Algonquin, 111., Fox Eiver at.............. 130-132

Alien Creek, Mont........................... 150

Apple River near Somerset, Wis............. 47-48

Appropriations, record of.................... 5

Augusta,Iowa, Skunk Riverat-............ 115

Augusta, Wis., Eau Claire Eiver near....... 62-63

Authorization of work....................... 5

B.

Babb, Mont., St. Mary canal at intake, near.. 16-17 

St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near 17-18 

St. Mary Rivernear..................... 11-12

Baraboo River near Bamboo, Wis........... 90-91

Belle Plain, Iowa, Iowa Riverat............. 150

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis... 86-87 

Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111..... 148-150

at Plumfield.m....................... 146-148

Black River at Neillsville, Wis.............. 70-71

Bradley, Wis., Tomahawk River near....... 81-83

Brodhead, Wis., Sugar River near......... 103-104

Browning, Mont., St. Mary canal at Hudson

Bay divide, near................ 18-19

Brace, Wis., Chippewa Riverat............. 53-54

Butternut, Wis., Flambeau River near...... 57-58

C.

Canada, Department of Interior, cooperation

by............................... 9

Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont..... 23-24

Cedar Falls, Wis., Red Cedar River at....... 66

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa........ 110-112

at Janesville, Iowa..................... 109-110

Central Illinois Public Service Co., cooperation by.........____....._ 10

Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co.,

cooperation by.............. .. 10

Chippewa Falls, Wis., Chippewa River at... 55-56 

Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near

Winter, Wis..................... 51-52

at Brace, Wis........................... 53-54

at Chippewa Falls, Wis.................. 55-56

Clarksville, Iowa, Shellrock River near.... 112-113

Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River near.......... 64-65

Computations, records of, accuracy of ........ 8-9

Control, definition of........................ 6

Cooperation,record of............_....._ 9-10

Coppock, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 113-115

Crookston, Minn., Red Lake River at....... 30-32

Current meters, Price, plate showing........ 6

Custer Park, 111., Kankakee River at...... 126-127

D. 

Data, accuracy of............................ 8

explanation of........................ 7-8

Page. 

Definition of terms.......................... 6

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa.... 117-118

at Kalo, Iowa......................... 116-117

at Keosauqua, Iowa. . 120-121 

at Ottumwa,Iowa.................... 118-120

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111............. 129-130

at Lemont, 111......................... 127-129

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak...... 28

Dill, Wis., Pecatonica River at.............100-101

Dodge, Wis., Trempealeau River at......... 68-70

E. 

Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis.............. 84-86

near Augusta, Wis....................... 62-63

Elk River, Minn., Mississippi River at...... 36-38

Evaporation at University, N. Dak........ 34

F. 

Fargo, N. Dak., Red River at............... 24-25

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis.:..... 57-58

nearLadysmith, Wis.................... 59-60

Fox River at Algonquin, 111............... 130-132

at Wedron, 111......................... 132-133

Freeport, 111., Pecatonica River at......... 101-103

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing.... 7

G.

Gaging station, typical, plate showing.....

Gays Mills, Wis., Kickapoo River at......

Grand Forks, N. Dak., Red River at........ 26-27

Gurley printing water-stage recorder, plate

showing. . . ....... 7

H. 

Hoyt, W. G., and assistants, work of........ 10

Hudson Bay drainage basins, records of

gaging stations in............ 11-36,150

I. 

Illinois, cooperation by ........... . 10

Illinois River at Peorfa,ni................ 123-124

International Joint Commission, cooperation

by............................... 9

Iowa City, Iowa, Iowa River at ...... 106-107

Iowa Geological Survey, cooperation by..... 10

Iowa Highway Commission, cooperation by.. 10 

Iowa River at Belle Plains, Iowa ............ 150

at Iowa City, Iowa.................... 106-107

at Marshalltown, Iowa................. 104-106

at Wapello, Iowa...................... 107-109

J. 

Janesville, Iowa, Cedar River at.......... 109-110

Joliet, EL, Des Plaines River at........... 129-130

Jump Riverat Sheldon, Wis................ 60-62

K. 

Kalo, Iowa, Des Moines River at.......... 116-117

Kankakee River at Custer Park, BL....... 126-127

at Momence,!!!........................ 124-126

151
152 INDEX.

KaskasMa River at New Athens, HL...... 145-146

at Vandalia,Ill........................ 145-144

KawisMwi River near Winton, Minn........ 34-36

Kelly, Wis., Eau Claire River at............. 84-86

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at.... 120-121

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.......... 92-93

Kimball, Alberta, St. Mary River near...... 13-16

Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis.... 49-50

L.

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis...... 72-73

Ladysmith, Wis., Flambeau River near..... 59-60

Lamb, W. A., and assistants, work of....... 10

Lemont, 111., Des Plaines River at......... 127-129

Lyndon, 111., Rock River at................. 98-99

M. 

Mankato, Minn., Minnesota River near...... 41-42

Many Glacier, Mont., Canyon Creek near.... 23-24

Swiftcurrent Creek at.................... 19-21

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork 

of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa...................... 93-95

Marshalltown, Iowa, Iowa River at....... 104-106

Menomonie, Wis., Red Cedar River at...... 67-68

Merrill, Wis., Prairie River near............. 83-84

Wisconsin River at...................... 76-77

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn....... 41-42

near Montevideo, Minn.................. 39-41

Minnesota State Drainage Commission, cooperationby............ ........ 9

Minot, N. Dak., Mouse River at............. 32-33

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn....... 36-38

at St. Paul, Minn....................... 38-39

Mississippi River basin, upper, records at

gaging stations in.............. 36-150

Mississippi River Power Co., cooperation by. 10 

Momence, 111., Kankakee River at......... 124-126

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River near... 39-41 

Monticello, 111., Sangamon River at....... 136-138

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak.............. 32-33

Muscoda, Wis., Wisconsin River at......... 79-81

N. 

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis.... .... 45-47

Nelllsville, Wis., Black River at............. 70-71

Nekoosa, Wis., Wisconsin River at.......... 77-79

New Athens, 111., Kaskaskia River at__ 145-146

O. 

Oakford, 111., Sangamon River near....... 140-141

Ottumwa, Iowa, Des Moines River at..... 118-120

P. 

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis............. 100-101

at Freeport, HI........................ 101-103

Peoria, HI., Illinois River at............... 123-124

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis....... 88-89

Plumfleld, 111., Big Muddy River at....... 146-148

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis...___..... 83-84

Price current meters, plate showing......... 6

R. 

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa........ 121-123

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis........ 66

at Menomonie, Wis..................... 67-68

near Colfax, Wis........................ 64-65

Page. 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn......... 30-32

at Thief River Falls, Minn.............. 28-30

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak................ 24-25

atGrandForks,N.Dak................ 26-27

Rhinelander, Wis., Wisconsin River at WhirlpoolRapids,near............... 74-75

River Falls, Wis., TrinnfirhiTifo River near... 49-50 

Riverton, HI., Sangamon River at......... 138-139

Rock River at Afton, Wis................... 95^96

at Lyndon, 111........................... 98-99

atRockford, 111.........................

Rockford, 111., Rock River at................

Run-off (depth in inches), definition of.. .

St. Croix Falls, Wis., St. Croix River near... 4*45 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis............... 42-44

near St. Croix Falls, Wis.................44-45

St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide, near

Browning, Mont................ 18-19

at intake, near Babb, Mont............. 16-17

at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont... 17-18 

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont............ 11-12

near Kimball, Alberta................... 13-16

St. Paul, Minn., Mississippi River at........ 38-39.

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111........ 136-138

at Riverton, ni........................ 138-139

near Oakford, HI...................... 140-141

South Fork of, at power plant near Taylorville, HI.................... 141-143

Scope of work............_............__ 5-6

Second-feet, definition of........__.__... 6

Second-feet per square mile, definition of.... 6

Seville, 111., Spoon River at............... 135-136

Sheldon, Wis., Jump River at............... 60-62

SheUrock River near Clarksville, Iowa..... 112-113

Sherburne, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at.... 21-22

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa......._.... 115

atCoppock, Iowa............. .... 113-115

Somerset, Wis., Apple River near........... 47-48

Spoon River at Seville, 111................ 135-136

Stage-discharge relation, definition of... __ 6 

Stevens continuous water-stage recorder,

plateshowing................... 7

Stevens Point, Wis., Plover River near..... 88-39

Stratford, Wis., Big Eau Pleine River near.. 86-37 

Streator, 111., Vermilion River near........ 133-135

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.. .... 103-104

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont... 19-21 

at Sherburne, Mont..................... 21-22

Swiss, Wis., St. Croix River at.............. 42-44

T.

Taylorville, 111., South Fork of Sangamon

River at power plant, near.... 141-143

Terms, definition of.......... .._.._.. 6

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at. 28-30 

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis. .... 81-83

Trego, Wis., Namakagon River at........... 45-47

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.......... 68-70

U.

United States Engineer Corps, cooperation by 9,10 

United States Weather Bureau, cooperation

by.............................. 9

University, N. Dak., evaporation at......... 34
INDEX. 153

V. Page. 

Van Meter, Iowa, Raccoon Eiver at....... 121-123

Vandalla,Ill.,KaskaskiaEiverat......... 143-144

Vermilion Eiver near Streator, HI......... 133-135

W. 

Wapello, Iowa, Iowa Eiver at............. 107-109

Water-stage recorders, plate showing........ 7

Wedron, m., Fox Eiver at................ 132-133

West Salem, Wis., La Crosse Eiver near..... 72-73

Winter, Wis., Chippewa Eiver at Bishop's

Bridge,near.................... 51-52

Winton, Minn., Kawishiwi Eiver near...... 34-36

Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co.,

cooperation by...__.......... 10

Wisconsin, Railroad Commission of, cooperation by.......................... 10

Wisconsin Eiver at Merrill, Wis............. 76-77

at Muscoda, Wis........................ 79-81

atNekoosa, Wis......................... 77-79

at Whirlpool Eapids, near Rhinelander.

Wis............................. 74-75

Work, authorization of...................... 5

division of.............................. 10

scope of............................ -- 5-6

Z. 

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 6

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART v, HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

DRAINAGE BASINS

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODTTCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, monographs, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. 

HI. Ohio River haein.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great basin.

XI. Pacific Slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, published in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B, Snake River basin.

C, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OB CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities in the United States.

ra
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building.

Harrisburg, Pa., Care of Water Supply Commission.

Asheville, N. C., 32-35 Broadway.

Chattanooga, Tenn., Temple Court Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Chicago, 111., 1404 Kimball Building.

Ames, Iowa, care of State Highway Commission.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Topeka, Kans., 23 Federal Building.

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 313 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Idaho Falls, Idaho, 228 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,510 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Keport; B=BuIletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.}

Report.

10thA,pt.2.. ..........

llth A, pt.2.. ..........

12th A, pt.2.. ..........

13th A, pt. 3..... .......

14th A, pt.2.. ..........

B131..... ...............

16th A, pt.2..,. ........

B 140..:...,. ...........

Wll..... ...............

18th A, pt.4. ...........

W 15... .......... .......

W16....................

19th A, pt.4.. ..........

W2T........... ....... ..

W 28..... ...............

Character of data.

.do. . . .. _ ,. ...»

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi Biver, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

. Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and 

western United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dee. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

20th A, pt. 4.. ..........

W35to39...............

21st A, pt. 4... ..........

W47 to 52.... ...........

22d A pt. 4

W65, 66. ...... .........

W75..... ...............

W82 to 85.. ............

W97tolOO..............

W124 to 135.. ..........

W165tol78. ...........

W201to214.............

W241to252.... .........

W261 to 272.. ..........

W281to292. ...........

W301to312... ......'...

W321to332.. ..........

W351 to 362.... ........

W381to394. ...........

W401 to 414.. ..........

W431to444.. ..........

W451 to 464. ...........

W471to 484............

Character of data.

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

.....do........................................................

Year.

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1918. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was mamtamed. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1917, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, 451, and 471, which 

contain records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1918. 

Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage 

basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin :being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are 

given in four parts, as indicated on page m, and the records for 

large lakes are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the 

lake.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

18990.....

1900 ff..... 

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

1917.......

1918.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

Eiver).

35 

47, » 48 

4s, 75 

82 

97 

» 124. ol25, 

1>126 

V 165, »166, 

J>167 

» 201, o202, 

1>203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451 

471

II

South 

Atlantic 

slope and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins 

(James 

Eiver 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452 

472

HI

Ohio 

Eiver 

basin.

36

48,<49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433 

453 

473

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

Eiver and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36 

49 

65,75 

*82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454 

474

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

Elver 

basins.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,85 

*98,99,rolOO 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455 

475

VI

Missouri 

Elver 

basin.

C36.37 

49,/50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,8131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456 

476

VII

Lower 

Mississippi 

Eiver 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

* 98, 99 

* 128, 131

* 169, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437 

457 

477

vni

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

26S 

288 

308 

328 

858 

388 

408 

438 

458 

478

C

1

a Eating tables and index to Water-SuppJy Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Eeport, Part IV.

b TamAQ "PiVAT ATiVir

.

6 James Eiver only. 

Gallatin Eiver. c 

tt Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand Eiver above junction with Gunnison.

« Mohave Elver only.

/ Kings and Kern Elvers and south Pacific slope drainage basins.

g Eating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Tables 

of monthly discharge tor 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Eeport, Part IV. 

-. » Wissahickon and SchuyMll Elvers to James River. 

. < Soioto River.

j Loop and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

I Lake Ontario an

m Hudson Bay onl

» New England riv

o Hudson Eiver to 

p Susquehanna Ei

9 Platte and Kans

* Great Basin in C

t Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua
PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins include 

streams whose waters reach Hudson Bay and the Mississippi above 

its junction with the Ohio (except the Missouri). The principal 

streams flowing into Hudson Bay from the United States are St. 

Mary River, Red River, and Rainy River. The principal tributaries 

of the upper Mississippi are Crow Wing, Sauk, Crow, Rum, Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Zumbro, Black, Root, Wisconsin, Wapsipinicon, Rock, Iowa, Des Moines, Illinois, and KaskasHa rivers. 

These streams drain wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and the annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references 

to reports published by State and other organizations. (See p. xvii.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1918. Period after 

a date indicates discontinuance.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

St. Mary River near Babb (formerly dam site), Mont., 1902-

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 1901-2; 1910-1915.

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, 1902-

U. S. Reclamation Service, St. Mary canal at intake, near Babb, Mont., 1918- 

U. S. Reclamation Service, St. Mary canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont.,

1918-

U. S. Reclamation Service, St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay Divide, near Browning, Mont., 1917-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., 1912- 

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., 1912- 

Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1902-1910. 

Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., 1918- 

Kennedy Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1903-1907.

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1913-1917.

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1904-1913.

Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-10.

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., 1901-

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., 1901-

Red River at Pembina, N. Dak., 1901.

1688° 21 WSP 475 11 vn
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, 1900-1902.

Mustinka River near Wheaton-, Minn., 1916; 1917. 

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Sheyenne River at Haggart, N. Dak., 1902-1907. 

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., 1909-1917. 

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., 1901- 

Bed Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909- 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., 1901-

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., 1903-1915.

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, 1912.

Roseau River near Caribou, Minn., 1917.

West Branch of Roseau River near Mailing, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., 1903- '

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Rainy Lake at Rainier, Minn., 1910-1917. 

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., 1907-1917.

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., 11905-1907; 1912-

Vermilion River below.Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn., 19H-1917,

Little Fork at Little Fork, Minn., 1909-1917.

Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Big Fork at Laurel, Minn., 1909.

Black River near Loman, Minn., 1909.

TJPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN.

Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., 1895-1915. 

Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Minn., 1909-10. 

Mississippi River near Sauk Rapids, Minn"., 1903-1906. 

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., 1915- 

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., 1905-1914. 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., 1873-

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., 1893-1916.

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., 1886-1916.

Prairie River near Grand Rapids, Minn., 1909.

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., 1910-1914.

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., 1909; 1913-1917.

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., 1903; 1909-1913,

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., 1909-1917.

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn., 1909-1913.

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., 1911-1917.

Crow River at Rockford, Minn., 1909-1917.

Crow River near Dayton, Minn., 1906.

North Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-10. 

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-1912.

Rum River at Onamia, Minn., 1909-1912.

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., 1909-1914.

Rum River at St. Francis, Minn., 1903.

Rum River near Anoka, Minn., 1905-6; 1909.

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., 1909-1913.

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., 1909-
GAGING STATION'S. IX

Mississippi River tributaries Continued.

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., 1903-

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., 1910-1912.

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., 1910-1914.

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1909-1917.

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., 1909-1913.

Blue Earth River, at Rapidan Mills, Minn., 1909-10. 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., 1914- 

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., 1902-1905; 1910-

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., 1914-

Yellow River at Webster, Wis., 1914.

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., 1908-1917.

Snake River at Mora, Minn.., 1909-1913.

Snake River near Pine City, Minn., 1913-1917.

Apple River near Somerset, Wis., 1901-

Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis., 1916- 

Cannon River at Welch, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 1912- 

Chippewa River near Brace, Wis., 1913- 

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1888- 

Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1902-1909.

West Fork of Chippewa River near Winter, Wis., 1911-1916.

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River at Ladysmith, Wis., 1903-1906.

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., 1915-

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1913-14.

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., 1914-

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., 1909-

Red Cedar River at Menominee, Wis., 1907-8; 1913- 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

* South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1911-1917. 

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., 1913- 

Black River at Neillsville, Wis., 1905-1909; 1913- 

Black River at Melrose, Wis., 1902-3. 

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., 1913- 

Root River near Houston, Minn., 1909-1917.

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., 1910-1917. 

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., 1905-1915. 

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis., 1915- 

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., 1902- 

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., 1914- 

Wisconsin River near Neceda, Wis., 1902-1914. 

Wisconsin River atMuscoda, Wis., 1902-3; 1913-

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., 1914-

Prairie River near Me;rrill, Wis., 1914-

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., 1914-1916.

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., 1914-

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., 1914-

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., 1914-

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., 1913-

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., 1913-
X STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, 1913-1916.

Maquoketa River above mouth of North Fork, near Maqiroketa, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Maquoketa River at Manchester, Iowa, 1903.

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, 1903-1914. 

Rock River at Watertown, Wis., 1914. 

Rock River at Afton, Wis., 1914-

Rock River above mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903. 

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903-1909. 

Rock River at Rockford, 111., 1914- 

Rock River near Nelson, 111., 1906. 

Rock River at Sterling, 111., 1905-6. 

Rock River at Lyndon, 111., 1914-

Catfish River at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Lake Mendota at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis., 1916-17.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., 1914-

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111., 1914-

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., 1914- 

lowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1911-1914. 

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, 1903; 1915- 

lowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1913- 

lowa River at Wapello, Iowa, 1915-

Cedar River near Austin, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, 1905-6; 1915-

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1902-

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, 1915- 

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, 1913- 

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, 1913; 1915- 

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1905-6; 1911-1913. 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, 1913-

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3; 1905-6; 1914- 

Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa, 1917- 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1911-

Raccoon River near Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3.

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, 1915- 

Illinois River near Minooka, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near Seneca, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Ottawa, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near La Salle, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River at Peoria, 111., 1910- 

Illinois River near Peoria, 111., 1903-1906.

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind., 1905-6.

Kankakee River at Momence, 111., 1905-6; 1914-

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111., 1914- 

Yellow River at Knox, Ind., 1905-6.

Des Plaines River at Riverside, 111., 1896-1898.

Des Plaines River above mouth of Jackson Creek, near Channahon, 111., 1903- 

1906.

Des Plaines River above Kankakee River, near Channahon, 111., 1902-3.

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111., 1914-
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Illinois River tributaries Continued.

Des Plaines River at Romeo, 111., 1914.

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111., 1914-

Fox River at Algonquin, 111., 1915-

Fox River at South Elgin, 111., 1914-15.

Fox River at Aurora, 111., 1914.

Fox River at Sheridan, 111., 1905-6.

Fox River at Wedron, 111., 1914-.

Fox River at Ottawa, 111., 1903.

Vermilion River near Streator, 111., 1914-

Spoon River at Seville, 111., 1914-

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Decatur, 111., 1905.

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Springfield, 111., 1903.

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111., 1909-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River near Chandlerville, 111., 1908-9.

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

1917.

South Fork Sangamon River at power plant, near Taylorville, 111., 1917- 

Salt Creek near Kenny, 111., 1908-1912. 

CahoMa Creek at Poag, 111., 1909-1912. 

Kaskaakia River near Arcola, 111., 1908-1912. 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-15. 

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111., 1907-1912; 1914-

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111., 1909-1912; 1914.

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111., 1908-1912. 

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111., 1914- 

Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111., 1917-

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914.
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE HUDSON BAY AND UPPER 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at prices quoted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, Washington, D. C. Onr'ssion of the price indicates that the report s not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis.

Dicsusses, by counties, glacial deposits and sources of well waters; many well sections.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 

11 pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along Bed River (of the North), and Minnesota, Skunk, Iowa, 

Des Moines, Illinois, and Rock rivers; also brief descriptions.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c. 

A revised edition of Nos. 57 and 61, was published in 1906 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.)

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 

pp., 13 pis. 15c. 

Contains notes on early floods in Mississippi Valley.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c. 

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and Missouri. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*10& A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.- Superseded by 152.

* 114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows: Missouri, by E. M. Shepard; Iowa, by W. H. Norton; Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; 

Indiana, by Frank Leverett; each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, 

the relation of the geology to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists 

also principal mineral springs.

117. The lignite of North Bakota and its relation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 

59 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Describes the thickness, extent, variations, and fuel value of the lignite and its use for pumping 

water, the area, soils, and lignite of the river flats, and the status of irrigation in the State.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c. 

Cites legislative acts affecting underground waters in South Dakota and Wisconsin.

xn
PUBLICATIONS. XIII

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains two reports relating to areas draining to Hudson Bay or tipper Mississippi River.

Water resources of Mineral Point quadrangle, Wisconsin, by U. S. Grant. Describes springs, 

streams, and shallow and deep wells.

Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa, by W. H. Norton. Summarizes results of investigations to 

determine availability of artesian water to replace the surface supply from Cedar River; discusses 

necessity of test wells, supplementary supplies, artesian head, and permanency of flow.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with 

additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), the location, depth, diameter, yield, 

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed in 

Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of the inland waters in the United 

States (second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 25c 

Describes by river systems the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall and run-off, water 

powers, and dams.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index of flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in southeastern Minnesota, on Devils Creek, Iow.a, and in Des 

Moines County, Iowa; gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Illinois River and on 

Mississippi River at St. Paul.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Westbrook. 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the individual and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi Rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard, 

1907. 224 pp., 6 pis. 30c.

Describes the topography and geology of the State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses the water supplies by districts and counties, gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of waters, and many well records.

*227. Geology and underground waters of South Dakota, by N. H. Darton. 1909. 

156 pp., 15 pis. 40c.

Describes physical features, geologic formations, water horizons, and, by counties, deep wells 

and well prospects; gives notes onconstruction and management of artesian wells.

*236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R B. Dole. 1909. 123pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, prepara iion of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates and expression of analytical results; givesresults of analyses of waters of Mississippi,

Minnesota, CMppewa, Wisconsin, Rock, Iowa, Cedar, Des Moines, Illinois, Kankakee, Fox,

Sangamon, KaskaMa, and Big Muddy rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D, Coilins. 1910. 94 pp., 

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins, and the methods of collecting end analyzing the samples 

of water, and discusses each river in detail withreferenee to its source: md course and the quality 

of wat< ir; includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industri U uses.
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. E. Capps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by E. B. Dole. 1910. 279 

pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils, and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses, in detail for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives records of wells and analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field

256. Geology and underground waters of southern Minnesota, by C. W. Hall, 0. E. 

Meinzer, and M. L. Fuller. 1911. 406 pp., 18 pis. 60c.

Discusses the physiography of the State, geologic formations and their water-bearing capacity, artesian conditions, the mineral quality of the underground waters, types of wells, finishing wells in sand, drilling in quartzite, fluctuation in yield and head, "blowing" and "breathing" wells, freezing of wells, drainage by wells, hydraulic rams, and scientific prospecting for 

water, municipal supplies, power, storage and distribution, consumption of water, prices, sanitation. Gives by counties details concerning surface features, rocks, yield, head, and quality of 

water, and summaries and analyses.

293. Underground water resources of Iowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. Hendrixson, 

H. E. Simpson, O. E. Meinzer, and others. 1912. 994 pp., 18 pis. 70c.

Describes the relief, drainage, temperature, and precipitation of the State and the geologic 

formations; discusses the geologic occurrence of ground waters, artesian phenomena and yield 

of artesian wells, the chemical composition of ground waters, municipal, domestic, and industrial water supplies, and mineral waters; gives details concerning topography, geology, ground 

waters, and city and village supplies by districts and counties.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains: 

(i) Gazetteer of surface waters of Iowa, by W. G. Hoyt and H. J. Ryan, pp. 169-221.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters from Nashville and Macomb, 111., and Story City, 

Iowa.

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1917. 16 pp., 32 pis. 45c.

Contains brief description of general features of drainage of Wisconsin and of the rivers surveyed, but consists chiefly of maps showing "not only the outlines of the river banks, the islands, 

the position of rapids, falls, shoals, and existing dams, and the crossings of all ferries and roads 

but the contours of banks to an elevation high enough to indicate the possibilities of using the 

stream " for the development of power by low or medium heads.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stocks lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased, 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95. 4 parts. 

*Pt. II. Papers of an economic character, xix, 598 pp., 43 pis. $1.25. Contains:

The public landsandtheir wateraopply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-533, pls.35to39. Describes 

general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, and swamp lands 

and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military reservations) 

the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, wells, and 

reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State.
PUBLICATIONS. ' XV

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director, 1896; 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. |2.35. Contains:

Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, pp. 603- 

694, pis. 69 to 107. Gives an outline of the geologic relations; describes the water horizons and 

the extent of the artesian water, and gives details concerning well! and prospects by counties; 

discusses the origin, amount, pressure, head, and composition of the artesian waters, the use 

of artesian water for power, and gives details concerning artesian irrigation by counties; contains 

also remarks on the construction and management of artesian wellsL

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108 to 113. Describes the 

physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, Kankakee, Fox, IlUnois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, Bock 

River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries 

of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, the wells 

supplying waters for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian well data and

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Slurvey, 1896-97, 5 parts 

in 6 vols. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, x, 756 pp., 102 pljs. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33 to 37. Describes the Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, 

and Beavers rivers, and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana anfl Ohio, the streams discharging into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the upper Mississippi through 

the Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells, from the drift and deeper artesian 

wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs, and gives 

analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for water works, 

and of cities and villages using shallow and deep-well waters; discusses the source and quality 

of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be Obtained from the Geological 

Survey or from the SUPEBDJTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C., at the prices indicated. An 

asterisk (*) indicates that the Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted.

25. The glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1896. <>58 pp., 38 pis. $1.70.

Contains a chapter (pp. 5JS-582) on "Artesian and common wel^ of the Red River Valley," 

which discusses the sources of artesian water, the fresh waters in the drift sheets, the saline and 

alkaline waters in the Dakota sandstone, and the use of artesian Water for irrigation; contains 

analyses of waters from wells, streams, and lakes in Red River Valley and the adjoining region; 

and gives notes on wells in Clay, Kittson, Marshall, Norman, Polk, Traverse, and WilMn counties, in Minnesota; in Cass, Grand Forks, Pembina, Richland, lrai|l, and Walsh counties, in 

North Dakota; and in a part of the area covered by Lake Agassiz, in Manitoba. The monograph 

includes numerous maps relating to the Pleistocene geology of the, region and a map (PL 

XXXVII) showing the distribution and depths of artesian wells in glacial drift and bedrock.

38. The Illinois glacial lobe, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 817 pp., 24 pis. $1.60.

Includes a chapter (pp. 550-788) on "Wells of Illinois," which contains a general discussion 

of artesian and other wells, a table of municipal water supplies derived from underground sources, 

and a detailed description of wells and ground-water conditions i^i practically every county in 

the State. The monograph includes maps showing the geology, the distribution of wells, the 

intake areas of "Potsdam" and St. Peter sandstones, and the relation of glacial drift to 

groundwater supplies.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, however, be purchased from the SXJPEBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, ,D. C. Professional papers 

are of quarto size.

*32. Preliminary report on the geology and underground-^ra,ter resources of the 

central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 433 pp., 72 pis. $1.80.

Covers South Dakota, Nebraska, central and western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and eastern 

Wyoming. Describes the geography, geology, and water horizons; gives deep-well data and 

well prospects by counties; also describes other mineral resources. Includes maps showing 

the geology, location of deep wells, structure of the Dakota sandstone, depths to this sandstone 

head of artesian water, and areas of artesian flow.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PAET V.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that tjie Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the imporance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois and Iowa, and detailed records of wells in Boone, Dupage, Henry, and La Salle 

counties, HI., and Des Moines and Scott counties, Iowa. These wells were selected because they 

give definite stratigrapbic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Brown, Hancock, La Salle, Pike, and Schuyler 

counties, HI.; Blackhawk, Floyd, Louisa, Mahaska, Scott, and Wapello counties, Iowa; and 

Hennepin, Ottertail, and Pine counties, Minn. The wells of which detailed sections are given 

v were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the iarea mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth to underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18,1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each> with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo t edition of folio 

185 and higher numbers sells for 50 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is allowed 

on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting to $5 at 

the retail rate.

1 Index maps showing areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi Eiver basins covered by topographic maps and by geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. 

Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
PUBLICATIONS. xvn

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also a brief discussion of the undergrojuaid waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning 

the utilization of the water resources. j 

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted, 

117. Casselton-Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota. 5c.

Gives a somewhat detailed account of the water supply, including descriptions and logs of 

principal wells and tabulated well recOTds, contains artesian-water maps showing areas which 

will probably yield flowing wells. *

*145. Lancaster-Mineral Point, Wisconsin-Iowa-Illinois.

Discusses the springs, shallow and deep wells, streams and water power; gives analyses of 

artesian water from well at Dubu^ue, Iowa.

168. Jamestown-Tower (Jamestown, Eckelson, and Tower quadrangles), North 

Dakota. 5c.

Discusses shallow, deep and artesian wells; head, pressure, powe , Volume, and character of 

the water, and gives a tabulated list of representative wells, contains an artesian-water map 

showing areas in which flowing wells may probably be obtained.

185. Murphysboro-Herrin, Illinois.2 Library edition, 25c., octavo edition, 50c. 

188. TalMa-Springfield, Illinois.2 Library edition, 25c., octavo) edition, 50c.

Discusses wells and the wholesomeness of the water; gives analyses of water from wells in 

the city of Springfield.

195. Belleville-Breese, Illinois. 25c.

Discusses wells and gives analyses of water from springs and wells.

200. Galena-Elizabeth, Illinois-Iowa. 25c.

201. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota.2 Library edition, 25c

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

tie

River

Other Federal bureaus and the State and other 

from time to time published reports relating to 

of the various sections of the country. Notable 

taining to the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi 

reports of the State surveys of Illinois and North 

consin Geological and Natural History Survey and 

mission of Wisconsin, the Illinois Water-Supply Co 

Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, and the 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 17). The following reports 

mention:

Contributions to the physical geography of the United States,

cal geography of the Mississippi Valley, with suggestions for tho improvement of navigation of the Ohio and other rivers, by Charles Ellet, jr.: Smith Sonian Pub. 13, Washington, 1850.

The Mississippi and Ohio rivers, by Charles H. Ellet. 1853.

Keport upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi ] River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbott.

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Barstovr, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer; Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10,1909.

Water resources of the East St. Louis district, by Isiah Bowman: Illinois State 

Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1907.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Barstow: Univ. 

Illinois Pub. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909. !

^, octavo edition, 50c.

Cganizations have 

water resources 

among those perbasins are the 

Dakota, the Wisfehe Railroad ComUnmission, and the 

Abater-power report 

deserve special

Part I. On the physi1 Issued in two editions; specify which edition is wanted.
XVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles 

W. Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Report and plans for the reclamation of lands subject to overflow in the KaskasMa 

River Valley, Illinois; begun under the direction of the Internal Improvement Commission; completed and published under the direction of the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, by Jacob A. Harman. 1912.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the sanitary and ship canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago. 1913.

The State of Missouri vs. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901.

Report of the water-resources investigation of Minnesota by the State drainage 

commission, 1910.

Report of the commission on conservation [Montana] on bills relating to the public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests, 1911.

Governor's message relating to conservation [in Montana] on bills relating to public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests.

Water resources of the Devils Lake region, North Dakota, by E. J. Babcock: North 

Dakota Geol. Survey, Second Bienn. Rept., 1903.

The water powers of Wisconsin, by Leonard S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. 

Hist. Survey Bull. 20. Madison, Wis., 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

Madison, Wis., 1915.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HTDBOLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives re'sume' of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal. I

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by B. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 5c.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by B. 0. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp. (73-147), 2 pis. (15-16). lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also NO&. 64,94, and 95.)

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow, and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, 

enlarged, edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by 0. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity 

of soils; causes, rates, a ad laws of motions of ground waters; surface land deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yields of flowing wells; describes artesian 

wells at Savannah, Ga.

XIX
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of streams flow; gives formulas for rainfall, run-off, and evaporation; discusses effects of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceeding of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wlsner. 

Irrigation surveys and use of the planetable, by J. V. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. 

C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.)

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.)

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland water in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

*110. Contributions to the hydrology of Eastern United States; 1904, M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of under flow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from verticals well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of stream by sewage and by trade wastes^ describes 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285pp., 18| pis. 25c.

Contains reports on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. I>. Fuller, discussing 

sources, amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water 

bearing formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of 

artesian flows, and general conditions affecting ground waters in eastern United States.
PUBLICATIONS. ' XXI

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological Survey, 1888 to 1903, foy J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

120. Bibliographic review1 and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. IQc.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes, measurements of underflow in 

Rio Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River Valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives 

results of tests of wells apd pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steelrconcrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 1905. 

61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge, 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc. 

Contains brief reports of general interest, as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such well in Southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. [Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographlc [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service! Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest.

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of steam-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, G. A. Hammond

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrogrophic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigated water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 1905. 

206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron^ 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

second edition, by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island. 

N. Y., A. C. Veatch, 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuations due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground water papers. 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by B. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1996. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the. purification of Boston sewage, * * * with a history 

of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Window and E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 163pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and tendencies in 

sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of 

crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification by intermittent sand filtration and in beds of coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and of resulting litigation; 

discusses effect of acid-iron liquors of sewage-purification processes, recovery of copperasfrom 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard wastos, by E. B. Phelps 

1906. 20 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and s 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v, 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leightp: 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revMion of 

R. E.Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 1 pL 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streants tyy Bulphite-pulp waste, a 

by E. B. Phelps. 19091 37 pp., I pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and th 

ing to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, w.l

puteeseibility and stability of sewage effluents, by 

- 91 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conversion of water resources. 1909. 96

IS,

pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following paplers, whose scope is indicated by theu4 Titles: Distribution of fall,

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers,

the direction of W. M. Steuartj, with discussion by M. O. Leighlxm; 

by M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground wat«rs 

Denudation, by B. B. Dote and Herman Stabler; Control of catchmei

;, compiled under 

Undeveloped water powers, 

:, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

it areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wftsteg 

and Cr. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste watejs from wool-scouring, bleaching, 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, ami

*236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental/regulation, by Ren6 

Tavernier and M. O. Lighten. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss I 

the development of waterpowers, and laws proposed in the Fjtencb 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the Frenol i 

and gives resume4 of Federal and State water-power legislation in tie United States,

*255. Underground waters for fatal use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910.

Discusses rocks as sources of wamaterials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep 

relative cost, protection, and safety; 

tion wells and cisterns.

, Analyses of waters 

123 pp. lOc.

accuracy

legislation relative to 

Parliament; reviews work 

department of agriculture 

United States.

58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.'

ater supply and the relative isaftey [<jf supplies from different

i, their location, yields, 

advantages and disadvantages: of cisterns and combina-

*257. Well-drilling methods, py Isaiah Bowman. 1911.

Discusses amount, distribution, ^,nd disposal of rainfall, water-bearing 

ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing format: ons 

drilling'in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in 

the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; 

and-methods of preventioti; 

wells.

1688° 21 WSP 475 12

CO! f

: tests of capacity and measurement of d ipth; ^nd-eosts of

EXHI

of disposal of waste 

ton, and field studies of 

product, and mechanical

(a digest of the 

The State of Illinois 

>n. 1907. 369 pp.,

paper Ho. 150), by

possible remedies 

experimental work leada chapter on the 

i. B. Phelps. 19Q9.

by JEEerman Stabler, 

and dyeiig cotton yarn, bleaching

u,4pls. loo,

rocks, amount of 

; gives history of well 

te various methods and 

itammatkm of well waters 

sinking
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. 0. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H.J.Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

*337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

* (e) A. method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.

*364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado, and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. 15c.

Contains three papers presented at the conference el engineers of the water-resources branch 

in December, 1914.

* (c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and K. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130. 

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by 

C. H. Pierce, pp.. 131-139.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 191$; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1917. 108 pp., 7 pis. Contains.

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

* (e) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by B. C. Pierce, pp. 39-51. 

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-39.
} PUBLICATIONS. ' XXV

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917. 59 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are coo* 

tinually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water. { il

*425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917;' N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 19l8. Contains: ; 

* (c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. {71-94. 1917.

427. Bibliography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by 0. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169 pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phase of the subject of ground water or any subject directly applicable to ground water. UlusAX. REPORTS.

*Kfth Annual Report of the Unijted States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125-173, 

pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States GeologicajL Suiyey, 1890-91, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1891^ 2 parts. *Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. 

$2. Contains:

" Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply Paper

87. - - \ '

Thirteenth Annual Report of ttye United States Geological Sitevey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892f (Pts. II and III, 1893.), 3 pftrte. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

* American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-419, pis. til to 145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation ; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho, California, WyttmiBg, and Arizona; discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projeets,snibsarfaeesourcesof supply, 

pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893, (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pl II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 7$ p^s. $2.10. Contains: i

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and grcx md waters, including mineral springs apd artesian wells.

^Natural mineral waters ol the United States, by A. C. Fettle, pp. 49-88, pis. 9 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow at x itneral springs, the source of mineraji«*tion, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Suryey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and Yj 189ft.) 6 parts in 7 vote. 

and separate case for maps with,Pt. V. *Pt. II. Papcnmehiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v, 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains: i

*Principiesand conditions of the movements of ground water, by I*. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the depth 

to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capflfery movements of ground 

waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives tMe results of experimental 

investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium and through sands, 

sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes results 

of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of rivers, 

rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

^Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pL 

17. Scope indicated by title.
XXVI SUBFACE WATEB StJPPLY, 1918, PABT V.

*72.

*86.

*8B.

PROFESSIONAL PAPBRS.

Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, «umate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agricultural lumbering, mining, and power 

development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of eroston; gives 

details of conditions in Holston, Nolichueky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee 

river basins, ;ilong Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, 

Chattahooeh.ee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on experiments ma<ile with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 

70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in' a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Calif., and was undertaken fc«C the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris."

Hydraulic-aajjoing debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp. 

34 pis. 19^7. 50c.

Presents tfi|e results of an investigation undertaken by tSe United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of pdrtions of the Sacremento and San Joaquin valleys affect«d by detritus irom- torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, traces the physical effects, past and future,, of the Hydraulic mining- of earlier decades, the 

similar effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the 

soil, and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. 

Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy 

loads of dSbris^

BTJMJSTJSS. ' ------

lasts and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by 4.. C. Peale. 1886. 238 pp. " 

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by State, and gives faBIe of analyses.

artesian now,

oi the controlling factors of artesiaa flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

lOc.

Summary 

44pp.

Describes underground reservoirs, the source of ground waters, the confining agents, the 

primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential aod modifying factors of

md typical artesian systems.,

*479. The geochemi^al interpretation of water aaalyaa^ by Chase Palmer. 1911. 31 

pp. 5c.

Discusses tfie expression of chemical analyses', the chemical character of wafer and the properties of natura 1 waters; gives a classification of waters based oto property values and reacting valaeSi ted diseu: ises- t&e character of the waters of certafti rivers as interpreted direcstly from the 

results of aaaJj-ses; discusses also the relation of watef properties to geological formations, silica

M river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St.

Lawrence Bjv<tr as Indicated by chemical analyses.

The data of gsochemistry (third edition), by F. W. Clarke. 1916. 821 pp. 

45c.

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the state- 

''Mineral wefls and springs" (pp.

Dise asses the definition and classification of mineral waters, cbangesiH composition 

deposits of calcareous, ocherous, and siMceous materials made by water, vadose and 

and thermal springs in relation to voleanisnh Describes the diffwent kinds of 

water: ind gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliograpliy >o£ papers containing

meat and Lnteipretation of water analyses aad a chapter on'

179-216).

of water,

Juvenile waters,

ground
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS

{A**Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Progressional Paper;

G F=Geologic folio.]

254

Artesian waters: Essential conditions.......................

Bibliographies'...........................................

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation. W151,286, 

Conservation................................................

Conversion tables............................................

Debris reports,......................................... . f ....

Denudation ...............................................'*

Divining rod...............j................................

Engineering methods........i........................... ^.....

3,8,20,41,42,43,56,64,93,94,95,

187, 200,257, 337,345e, 371, 875c,

Floods...........................................................

Ice measurements...........................................

Illinois: Quality of waters, etc............................. W

Surface waters.....................................

Underground waters.................................

A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57,114,149; G F 

India: Irrigation....................................... i.....

Indiana: Quality of waters..................................

Surface waters................................:...:

Underground water*..... -.......... A 18 iv; B 298;

Iowa: Quality of waters...................1..............|;...

Surface waters........................................

Underground waters......... B 264, 298; W 57,114,145,

Irrigation, general........................ A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 1

Legal aspect^: Surface waters................................

Underground ^ters...........................

Mineral springs: Analyses...i................................

Origin, distribution, etc.....................

Lists.......!................................

Minnesota: Quality of waters.................................

Surface waters I...............................

Underground waters.. M 25; B 298; W 57,102,114, 

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc............................. 1

Surface waters................................... ^

Underground waters............. B 298; W 57,102,

Montana: Underground waters..............................

Motions of ground waters...................... A 19 ii; B 318

North Dakota: Underground twaters.. M25; A17ii;B298;W61 

Pollution: By industrial wastes.......................

By sewage...... t .........................

Laws forbidding............................

Indices of.................................

W21,

Paper;

. 5; B 319; W 67,114 

W 119, 120, 163, 427 

, 274, 364; B 479,616 

.... W234

... W425c 

. P 86, 105 

..... P72

.... W416

..... Wl,

110,143,146,150,180, 

875«, 375/, 40% 400rf 

.. W 96,147,162,334 

..... W 146,187,337

194,236,239,188,195 

i 17 ii, 18 iv; W 239 

.............. M38;

145,185,188,195, 200 

..... A 12 ii; W 87

A 18 iv; W 236, 254 

A 18 iv; W 147 

, 57,114,149, 254 

W 236,293 

W 162,345% 

149, 293; G F 145, 200 

1,22,41,42,87,93,146 

..... W 103,152,238

............. W122

..... A 14 ii; B 32

........... A 14 ii

....... B32;W114

W 102, 193, 236, 256 

......... W162,193

149 256; GF117, 201 

W 102,195,236 

....... W162

110,114,145,149,195 

......... W57,149

W 67, 110, 140, 155 

* 117,149; GF117,168 

', 186,189,226,235 

W 72,79,194 

. W 103,152 

. W144,100

W 179,

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters arescattered throagh publics rti<ions, as noted in abstract. 

XXVII
XXVin SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1918, PART V.

Profiles of rivers...................................................... W44,417

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation..................... W 3,

1 22, 72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,

185,186,189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3,22,72,113,185,194, 229

South Dakota: Surface waters.......................................... W 147,162

Underground waters...... A 17 ii, 18 iv; P 32; B 298; W 61,149, 227

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W122

Methods of utilization........................ W114,255,257

Pollution................................ W 110,145,160,258

Windmill papers................................................ W 1,8,20,41,42

Wisconsin: River profiles................................................... W 417

Surface waters................................................. W156

Underground waters................ B 298; W 61,114,145,149; G F145
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Apple Biver, Wis................ ix

Baraboo Biver, Wis............... ix

Beaucoup Creek, HI.............. xi

Big Eau Pleine Biver, Wis........ ix

Big Fork, Minn.. ...r... ........... vm

Big Muddy Biver, 111... ......... xi

Black Biver, Minn............... vra

Black Biver, Wis................ ix

Blue Earth River, Minn.......... ix

CahoMa Creek, HI................ xi

Cannon Biver, Minn............. ix

Canyon Creek, Mont.............. vn

Catfiah Biver, Wis................ x

Cedar Biver, lowa-Minn......... x

Cedar Biver, Red, Wis............ ix

Chippewa River, Minn........... rs

Chippewa Biver, Wis............ ix

Chippewa River, West Fork, Wis. ix

Clearwater River, Minn........... vn

Cottonwood River, Minn.......... ix

Crow River, Minn................ vn

Crow River, North Fork, Minn... vm

Crow River, South Fork, Minn... vm

Crow Wing River, Minn.......... vm

Des Lacs River, N. Dak........... vm

Des Moines River, lowa-Minn.... x

Des Plaines River, 111............. x, xi

Devils Lake, N. Dak.............. vm

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Chippewa River)............ ix

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Wisconsin River)............. ix

Eau Pleine River, Big, Wis...... ix

Elk River, Minn................. vm

Flambeau River, Wis .......... ix

Fox River, 111.................... xi

Illinois River, 111................. x

Iowa River, Iowa................ x

Iowa River, Upper, Iowa......... ix

Jump River, Wis................ ix

Kankakee River, Ill.-Ind......... x

KaskasMaRiver, 111.............. xi

Kawiahwi River, Minn........... vin

Kennedy Creek, Mont........... vn

Kettle River, Minn.............. ix

Kickapoo River, W|s

Kinnikinnic River, Wis.

Page. 

....... ix

....... IX

Lac qui Parle Rivej, Minn....... ix

La Crosse River, W^s.............. ix

little Fork, Minn. 

Little Rib River, 1 

Long Prairie Raveet; 

Maquoketa River, '.

vm

IX

vm 

x 

Mendota Lake, Wifl^............. x

Minnesota River, Id inn. ......... vm, ix

Minn. 

iwa...

i River, I linn.......... vm

Mouse River, N. D(ik............ vm

Muddy River, Big, 111............ xi

Mustinka River, Man............ vm

Namakagon River* Wis........... ix

North Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Ottertail River, Minn............ vn

Pecatonica River, 111 .-Wis......... x

Pelican River, Minm............. vm

Pembina River, N. Dak........... vm

Pine River, Minn................. vm

Plover River, Wis................ ix

Prairie River, Minn................ vm

Prairie River, Wis................ ix

Raccoon River, Iowa............ x

Rainy Lake, Minn................ vm

Rainy River, Minn.............. vm

Red Cedar River, Wis............ ix

Red Lake River, Minn....... vn,vin

Red River, Minn., N. Dak., Manitoba. ....................... vn, vm

Redwood River, Minn............ ix

Rib River, Little, Wis........... ix

Rock River, Wis.-Ill.............. x

Root River, Minn................ ix

Root River, North Branch, Minn.. ix

Roseau River, Canada-Minn..... vm

Roseau River, West Branch, Minn. vm

Rum River, Minn................. vm

St. Croix River, Wifi.............. ix

St. Mary River, Mont., Alberta... vn

St. Mary canal, Mont............. vn

Salt Creek, 111..................... xi

Sandy River, Minn............... vin

XXIX
XXX INDEX OF STREAMS.

Sangamon River, 111.............. xi

Sangamon River, South Fork, 111. xi

Sauk River, Minn................ vn

Sheyenne, River, N. Dak........ vni

Shellrock River, Iowa............ x

Shoal Creek, 111................. xi

Silver Creek, 111................. xi

Skunk River, Iowa.............. x

Snake River, Minn............... ix

South Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Spoon River, 111.................. xi

Sugar River, Wis................ x

Swifteurrent Creek, Mont.......... vn

Thief River, Minn............... vm

Tomahawk River, Wis........... ix

Trempealeau River, Wis.......... ix

Turkey River, Iowa............. x

Two Rivers, South Branch, Minn. vm 

Upper Iowa River, Iowa......... ix

Vermilion River, 111............. xi

Vermilion River, Minn............ vm

Wapsipinicon River, Iowa....... x

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Whetstone River, S. Dak........ . ix

Wild Rice River, Minn..-,....,... v^

Wisconsin River, Wis............. ix

Yahara River, Wis............... x

Yellow River, Ind....~.......... x

Yellow River, Wis................ ix

Zumbro River, Minn.............. ix

JSumbro River, South Branch,

Minn.......................... IX

o