ARL-TR-7947 ● FEB 2017

US Army Research Laboratory

Ballistic Evaluation of 7056 Aluminum

by Denver B Gallardy

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ARL-TR-7947 ● FEB 2017

US Army Research Laboratory

Ballistic Evaluation of 7056 Aluminum

by Denver B Gallardy

Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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February 2017

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Technical Report

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August 2014–August 2015

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Ballistic Evaluation of 7056 Aluminum

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6. AUTHOR(S)

Denver B Gallardy

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US Army Research Laboratory

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Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066

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ARL-TR-7947

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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT

The US Army Research Laboratory evaluated the ballistic performance of aluminum alloys (AAs) 7056-T761, 7056-T751,

and 7056-T721 produced by Constellium. Ballistic evaluation was performed using armor-piercing and fragment-simulating 

projectiles to determine the V50 ballistic-protection limit (V50) for various thicknesses of material. The V50 was then compared 

with other ballistic-grade AAs, namely AA7085-T711 and AA7085-T721. The results of these experiments were used to 

validate the acceptance tables for AA7085 and AA7056 included in the updated military specification, MIL-DTL-32375A 

(MR).

15. SUBJECT TERMS

aluminum, alloy, armor, V50, 7056

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Denver B Gallardy

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iii

Contents

List of Figures iv

List of Tables v

Acknowledgments vi

1. Introduction 1

2. Experimental Procedure 4

3. Experimental Projectiles 5

3.1 Armor-Piercing Projectiles 5

3.2 Fragment-Simulating Projectiles 6

4. Results and Analysis 6

5. Conclusions 17

6. References 18

Appendix A. Ballistic Data: 7056-T761 19

Appendix B. Ballistic Data: 7056-T751 and 7056-T721 41

List of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 77

Distribution List 78
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iv

List of Figures

Fig. 1 Typical experimental setup....................................................................5

Fig. 2 AP projectiles.........................................................................................5

Fig. 3 FSP projectiles.......................................................................................6

Fig. 4 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.30-cal. 

APM2 at 0° obliquity...........................................................................11

Fig. 5 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.50-cal. 

APM2 at 0° obliquity...........................................................................12

Fig. 6 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 14.5-mm 

BS41 at 0° obliquity.............................................................................12

Fig. 7 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.50-cal. 

FSP at 0° obliquity...............................................................................13

Fig. 8 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 20-mm 

FSP at 0° obliquity...............................................................................13

Fig. 9 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL32375A for the 0.30-cal. APM2 at 0° obliquity ..................................14

Fig. 10 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL32375 and the revised MIL-DTL-32375A for the 0.50-cal. APM2 at 0° 

obliquity...............................................................................................14

Fig. 11 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL32375 and the revised MIL-DTL-32375A for the 14.5-mm BS41 at 0° 

obliquity...............................................................................................15

Fig. 12 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL32375A for the 0.50-cal. FSP at 0° obliquity ......................................15

Fig. 13 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL32375A for the 20-mm FSP at 0° obliquity.........................................16
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v

List of Tables

Table 1 Average mechanical properties of evaluated plates...............................1

Table 2 Experimental matrix for the AA7056 tempers indicating the number of 

plates evaluated......................................................................................2

Table 3 Chemistry of AAs, weight-percent ranges.............................................3

Table 4 AP projectiles’ physical characteristics.................................................6

Table 5 APM2 0.30-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761 ....7

Table 6 APM2 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761 ....7

Table 7 14.5-mm BS41, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761 .....7

Table 8 FSP 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761 ........7

Table 9 FSP 20-mm, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761...........7

Table 10 APM2 0.30-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 

and AA7056-T721 .................................................................................8

Table 11 APM2 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 

and AA7056-T721 .................................................................................8

Table 12 14.5-mm BS41, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and 

AA7056-T721........................................................................................9

Table 13 FSP 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and 

AA7056-T721........................................................................................9

Table 14 FSP 20-mm, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and 

AA7056-T721......................................................................................10

Table 15 Constants of regression for the acceptance curves for AA7056 and 

AA7085 used in MIL-DTL-32375A....................................................17
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vi

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Constellium, and specifically Paul Kobe, for 

producing and providing, in-kind, the armor-plate samples. The author thanks 

Donald Little of the US Army Research Laboratory’s Armor Mechanisms Branch 

(ARL-AMB), Phil Davis of Dynamic Science, Inc., and David Churn of Bowhead 

Science and Technology, LLC, for performing the ballistic experiments in 

Experimental Facilities (EFs) 108 and 106, as well as John Hogan of ARL-AMB, 

Hugh Walter of Bowhead Science and Technology, and David Handshoe and 

William Bryant of Dynamic Science for performing the ballistic experiments in 

EF-110.
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1

1. Introduction

Aluminum alloy (AA) 7056 is Constellium’s next-generation armor offering that 

can be sourced both domestically and through North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

member countries. Two tempers were developed: 1) a high-strength variant, 7056-

T761, for use as an appliqué against direct-fire threats and 2) a lower strength, 

higher ductility variant, 7056-T721, for underbody blast protection kits. AA7056-

T761 is currently in competition to be used in several Army platforms including

the Bradley, Joint Light Tactical Vehicle, and Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle. 

The ballistics goal of this program was to verify that AA7056-T761 and AA7056-

T721 met or exceeded the performance of comparable military-specification (milspec) 7XXX-series alloy produced by Alcoa, namely 7085-T711 and 7085-T721.

1

The results were used to subsequently add 7056 to the 7085 specification, allowing 

increased availability of material and pricing competition to benefit the Army. In 

addition to the 2 tempers outlined for the mil-spec, a third temper, 7056-T751, was 

also assessed. AA7056-T751 was the original blast temper but was modified 

slightly during the evaluation period warranting the updated 7056-T721 

designation. The properties of the 7056-T751 evaluated were very similar to the 

7056-T721 temper, and therefore the data were combined during analysis. Table 1 

outlines the average mechanical properties for the evaluated samples.

Table 1 Average mechanical properties of evaluated plates

Alloy/

temper

Direction

Ultimate 

tensile 

strength 

(MPa)

Yield 

strength,

0.2% offset 

(MPa)

Elongation 

(%) Direction

Ultimate 

tensile 

strength 

(MPa)

Yield 

strength,

0.2% offset 

(MPa)

Elongation 

(%)

7056-

T721

L 495.8 446.8 15.0 LT 497.1 442.0 12.9

7056-

T751

L 494.5 455.2 14.5 LT 510.3 457.3 12.3

7056-

T761

L 568.8 547.5 11.5 LT 573.9 541.0 9.9

Note: L = longitudinal; LT = long transverse

Several thicknesses of the temper variants were provided to the US Army Research 

Laboratory (ARL) by Constellium. Table 2 is a summary matrix of the evaluated 

thicknesses subjected to impacts from various munitions including armor-piercing 

(AP) and fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs). Additionally, Table 3 provides 

the required chemistries for AA7056 as well as other common aluminum

(Al) armor alloys.
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2

Table 2 Experimental matrix for the AA7056 tempers indicating the number of plates 

evaluated

Nominal

plate 

gage

(mm)

0.30-cal. 

APM2

0°

obliquity

0.50-cal. 

APM2

0°

obliquity

14.5-mm 

BS41

0°

obliquity

0.50-cal. FSP

0°

obliquity

20-mm FSP

0°

obliquity

T761 T721/

T751 T761 T721/

T751 T761 T721/

T751 T761 T721/

T751 T761 T721/

T751

22.23 1 2 ... ... ... ... 1 2 1 2

25.40 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... 1 1 1

38.10 3 2 2 5 ... ... ... ... 3 2

41.28 ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2

50.80 ... ... 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... ...

57.15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

63.50 ... ... 2 4 2 4 ... ... ... ...

76.20 ... ... ... 2 1 2 ... ... ... ...
3

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Table 3 Chemistry of AAs, weight-percent ranges

2

Element 5083 6061 2139 2195 2060 7017 7085 7056

Copper 0.10 max 0.15–0.40 4.5–5.5 3.70–4.30 3.40–4.50 0.20 max 1.3–2.0 1.2–1.9

Iron 0.40 max 0.70 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.07 max 0.45 max 0.08 max 0.12 max

Lithium......... 0.80–1.20 0.60–0.90.........

Chromium 0.05–0.25 0.04–0.35 0.05 max...... 0.35 max 0.04 max...

Manganese 0.40–1.0 0.15 max 0.20–0.60 0.25 max 0.10–0.50 0.05–0.50 0.04 max 0.20 max

Magnesium 4.0–4.90 0.8–1.2 0.20–0.80 0.25–0.80 0.60–1.10 2.0–3.0 1.2–1.8 1.5–2.3

Silicon 0.40 max 0.40–0.80 0.10 max 0.12 max 0.07 max 0.35 max 0.06 max 0.10 max

Titanium 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.06 max 0.08 max

Zinc 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.30–0.50 4.0–5.2 7.0–8.0 8.5–9.7

Zirconium......... 0.08–0.16 0.05–0.15 0.10–0.25 0.08–0.15 0.05–0.15

Silver...... 0.15–0.60 0.25–0.60 0.05–0.50.........

Others (each) 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max

Others (total) 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max

Aluminum Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder
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4

2. Experimental Procedure

The V50 is defined as the impact velocity at which the projectile is equally as likely 

to perforate the target as it is to be arrested. A 0.51-mm (0.020 inch) 2024 T3 Al 

witness plate was positioned 152 mm (6 inches) behind the target to determine the 

outcome of each shot. An impact is regarded as a complete penetration (CP), or 

loss, if the projectile or a resulting target fragment from impact creates a hole in the 

witness plate through which light can be observed. If an impact does not result in a 

CP, it is considered a partial penetration (PP), or win. To keep results as consistent 

as possible, only shots conforming to the following conditions were used to 

determine the V50: The projectile must be unyawed—less than 2° of total yaw for 

AP rounds and less than 5° of total yaw for FSPs—and strike the target at least 2 

projectile diameters from any previous impact or damage or the edge of the target. 

Total yaw is defined as the vector sum of the projectile’s pitch and yaw. The V50 is 

calculated by the arithmetic mean of an equal number of CPs and PPs within an 

18-m/s (60 ft/s) spread for a 2 + 2 V50, a 27-m/s (90 ft/s) spread for a 3 + 3 V50, and 

as small of a spread as attainable for a 5 + 5 V50.

3

Projectile velocities for the determination of the V50 were measured using one of 2 

methods, as shown in Fig. 1. The first method is an orthogonal flash X-ray system, 

described in detail by Grabarek and Herr,4 that also measures pitch and yaw. The 

second method uses 3 IR screens and a chronograph. The velocity is 

calculated using the first and third screens with the middle screen used to check for 

bad readings. The flash X-ray method was used in situations with projectiles that 

historically exhibit excessive yaw or if space did not allow for the use of the IR 

break screens. When the IR break screens and chronograph were used, the projectile 

velocity was corrected to the target-impact location using a correction factor based 

on an initial flash X-ray reading at the impact location. The correction was made 

using Eqs. 1 and 2 in lieu of using air-drag factors.

( )

( ) ( ) x-ray velocity correction factor

chronograph velocity = . (1)

(correction factor chronograph velocity cor )× = ( ) ( rected velocity). (2)
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5

Fig. 1 Typical experimental setup

3. Experimental Projectiles

3.1 Armor-Piercing Projectiles

The US 0.30-cal. APM2 and 0.50-cal. APM2 plus the Soviet 14.5-mm BS41 are 

the 3 AP projectiles that were used in this study. These projectiles are shown in 

Fig 2. The APM2 projectiles have hardened steel cores with a Rockwell hardness 

of C61-63, whereas the BS41 has a tungsten carbide core. The physical 

characteristics of these projectiles are listed in Table 4. 

Fig. 2 AP projectiles

0.30 cal APM2 0.50 cal APM2

14.5-mm BS41
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Table 4 AP projectiles’ physical characteristics5

Projectile type

Projectile Core

Length

(mm)

Diameter

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Diameter

(mm)

Weight

(g)

0.30-cal. APM2 35.3 7.85 10.8 27.4 6.2 5.3

0.50-cal. APM2 58.7 12.98 45.9 47.5 10.9 25.9

14.5-mm BS41 52.6 14.94 63.2 32.3 10.9 37.9

3.2 Fragment-Simulating Projectiles

FSPs (Fig. 3) are a family of projectiles that are flat-nosed, right circular cylinders 

manufactured to MIL-DTL-46593B (MR).6 These projectiles are used in material 

evaluations and acceptance testing to simulate performance against fragments 

produced from improvised explosive devices and artillery. Both 0.50-cal. and 

20-mm FSPs were used for the evaluation of AA7056.

Fig. 3 FSP projectiles

4. Results and Analysis

The experimental results are summarized in Tables 5–14. The individual shot 

records are provided in Appendix A and Appendix B. 
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7

Table 5 APM2 0.30-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761

Plate ID

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

823551 22.23 0.88 22.68 0.893 65.10 13.33 677 2221 7 23

823551 25.40 1.00 28.02 1.103 80.41 16.47 764 2508 7 22

823531 38.10 1.50 36.75 1.447 105.48 21.60 893 2931 8 26

900305 38.10 1.50 37.77 1.487 108.40 22.20 906 2972 5 18

823531 38.10 1.50 40.59 1.598 116.49 23.86 939 3081 6 22

Table 6 APM2 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761

Plate ID

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

823531 38.10 1.50 36.75 1.447 105.48 21.60 656 2153 8 25

900305 38.10 1.50 37.77 1.487 108.40 22.20 651 2135 5 15

823531 38.10 1.50 40.64 1.600 116.64 23.89 692 2271 6 20

900294 50.80 2.00 49.28 1.940 141.42 28.97 776 2545 5 17

823541 63.50 2.50 65.23 2.568 187.20 38.34 916 3006 7 22

823561 63.50 2.50 65.35 2.573 187.57 38.42 928 3046 6 20

Table 7 14.5-mm BS41, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761

Plate ID

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

823541 63.50 2.50 65.20 2.567 187.13 38.33 846 2777 6 19

823561 63.50 2.50 65.35 2.573 187.57 38.42 860 2823 5 17

900293 76.20 3.00 77.60 3.055 222.70 45.61 934 3065 8 26

Table 8 FSP 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761

Plate ID

Nominal 

thickness Actual thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

823551 22.23 0.88 22.68 0.893 65.10 13.33 846 2774 5 19

Table 9 FSP 20-mm, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T761

Plate ID

Nominal 

thickness Actual thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

823551 22.23 0.88 22.68 0.893 65.10 13.33 360 1180 14 45

823551 25.40 1.00 28.02 1.103 80.41 16.47 522 1711 4 15

823531 38.10 1.50 36.75 1.447 105.48 21.60 870 2854 7 23

900305 38.10 1.50 37.77 1.487 108.40 22.20 880 2887 7 23

823531 38.10 1.50 40.59 1.598 116.49 23.86 986 3234 4 14
8

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Table 10 APM2 0.30-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and AA7056-T721

Plate ID Plate temper

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

649471 T721 22.23 0.88 22.66 0.892 65.03 13.32 659 2161 5 18

647911 T751 22.23 0.88 22.86 0.900 65.61 13.44 629 2065 7 21

647911 T751 25.40 1.00 26.01 1.024 74.65 15.29 691 2268 6 19

649461 T721 38.10 1.50 36.70 1.445 105.34 21.57 839 2753 7 24

647921 T751 38.10 1.50 36.80 1.449 105.63 21.63 853 2797 5 15

649461 T721 41.28 1.63 40.97 1.613 117.58 24.08 893 2929 6 19

647921 T751 41.28 1.63 41.61 1.638 119.41 24.46 922 3023 8 25

Table 11 APM2 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and AA7056-T721

Plate ID Plate temper

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

649461 T721 38.10 1.50 36.70 1.445 105.34 21.57 625 2050 8 24

647921 T751 38.10 1.50 36.80 1.449 105.63 21.63 636 2086 8 26

649461 T721 38.10 1.50 40.97 1.613 117.58 24.08 660 2167 7 22

647921 T751 38.10 1.50 41.61 1.638 119.41 24.46 676 2218 9 30

900306 T721 50.80 2.00 50.22 1.977 144.12 29.52 754 2473 8 25

933181 T751 63.50 2.50 62.05 2.443 178.09 36.48 851 2792 7 22

933181 T751 63.50 2.50 63.37 2.495 181.88 37.25 867 2845 9 29

936221 T721 63.50 2.50 65.25 2.569 187.27 38.36 879 2882 9 29

936231 T721 63.50 2.50 65.33 2.572 187.49 38.40 856 2809 10 32

933171 T751 76.20 3.00 74.68 2.940 214.32 43.90 945 3102 6 20

933171 T751 76.20 3.00 76.35 3.006 219.13 44.88 951 3121 4 12
9

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Table 12 14.5-mm BS41, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and AA7056-T721

Plate ID Plate temper

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

933181 T751 63.50 2.50 62.05 2.443 178.09 36.48 800 2624 6 21

933181 T751 63.50 2.50 63.37 2.495 181.88 37.25 819 2686 7 21

936221 T721 63.50 2.50 65.25 2.569 187.27 38.36 809 2652 3 11

936231 T721 63.50 2.50 65.33 2.572 187.49 38.40 817 2680 6 19

933171 T751 76.20 3.00 74.68 2.940 214.32 43.90 873 2866 8 25

933171 T751 76.20 3.00 76.35 3.006 219.13 44.88 894 2932 6 20

Table 13 FSP 0.50-cal., 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and AA7056-T721

Plate ID Plate temper

Nominal 

thickness Actual thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

649471 T721 22.23 0.88 22.71 0.894 65.17 13.35 957 3140 5 18

647911 T751 22.23 0.88 22.86 0.900 65.61 13.44 799 2623 18 60

647911 T751 25.40 1.00 26.01 1.024 74.65 15.29 1100 3607 5 18
10

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Table 14 FSP 20-mm, 0° obliquity V50 ballistic limits for AA7056-T751 and AA7056-T721

Plate ID Plate temper

Nominal 

thickness

Actual 

thickness Areal density V50

Standard 

deviation

(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches) (kg/m2) (lb/ft2) (m/s) (ft/s) (m/s) (ft/s)

649471 T721 22.23 0.88 22.66 0.892 65.03 13.32 405 1329 7 23

647911 T751 22.23 0.88 22.86 0.900 65.61 13.44 394 1294 8 25

647911 T751 25.40 1.00 26.01 1.024 74.65 15.29 456 1495 6 21

649461 T721 38.10 1.50 36.70 1.445 105.34 21.57 874 2868 7 22

647921 T751 38.10 1.50 36.80 1.449 105.63 21.63 756 2479 11 35

649461 T721 41.28 1.63 40.97 1.613 117.58 24.08 1029 3376 8 27

647921 T751 41.28 1.63 41.61 1.638 119.41 24.46 1012 3319 2 8
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11

The results of the ballistic evaluation are compared directly against the ballistic 

performance of AA7085. Figures 4–8 show the AA7056 ballistic data collected by 

ARL compared with previous AA7085 data.

7 The data displayed are the V50’s as a 

function of the plate thickness. Figures 9–13 show the AA7056 ballistic data as 

compared with the updated 7056/7085 specification MIL-DTL-32375A.

1 In 

instances where the acceptance curve has changed from the original document 

(MIL-DTL-32375), the original acceptance curve is shown for reference. Note that 

the plates are compared on a thickness basis to be consistent with the specifications; 

however, the densities of the alloys vary slightly. AA7056 has a density of 2.87 

g/cm3, whereas AA7085 has a density of 2.85 g/cm3.

Fig. 4 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.30-cal. APM2 at 0° 

obliquity

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

7085-T711

7085-T721

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

12

Fig. 5 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.50-cal. APM2 at 0° 

obliquity

Fig. 6 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 14.5-mm BS41 at 0° 

obliquity

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1

36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

7085-T711

7085-T721

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1

62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

775

800

825

850

875

900

925

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

7085-T711

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

13

Fig. 7 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 0.50-cal. FSP at 0° 

obliquity

Fig. 8 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 and AA7085 for the 20-mm FSP at 0° obliquity

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

7056-T761 7056-T751 7056-T721 7085-T711 7085-T721

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

7085-T711

7085-T721

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

14

Fig. 9 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL-32375A for the 

0.30-cal. APM2 at 0° obliquity

Fig. 10 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL-32375 and the 

revised MIL-DTL-32375A for the 0.50-cal. APM2 at 0° obliquity

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

MIL-DTL-32375A Type A

MIL-DTL-32375A Type B

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1

36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

MIL-DTL-32375A Type A

MIL-DTL-32375A Type B

MIL-DTL-32375 Type A

MIL-DTL-32375 Type B

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

15

Fig. 11 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL-32375 and the 

revised MIL-DTL-32375A for the 14.5-mm BS41 at 0° obliquity

Fig. 12 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL-32375A for the 

0.50-cal. FSP at 0° obliquity

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1

62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

775

800

825

850

875

900

925

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

MIL-DTL-32375A Type A

MIL-DTL-32375 Type A

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

MIL-DTL-32375A Type A

MIL-DTL-32375A Type B

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

16

Fig. 13 Ballistic limit vs. thickness of AA7056 as compared with MIL-DTL-32375A for the 

20-mm FSP at 0° obliquity

As can be observed in Figs. 4–8, the performance for AA7056 is similar to the 

existing AA7085 material. It would not be a stretch to consider them one data set 

to develop an acceptance curve. Therefore, it was decided to use one set of 

acceptance curves for both materials rather than include individual curves for each 

material in the specification. For the 0.30-cal. APM2, 0.50-cal. FSP, and 20-mm 

FSP (Figs. 9, 12, and 13), no changes were made to the original acceptance curves. 

Using the data presented in this report and additional data that had been generated 

on AA7085 after the original specification publication, the acceptance curves were 

adjusted for plate thickness requiring acceptance with the 0.50-cal. APM2 and 

14.5-mm BS41 (Figs. 10 and 11). The 0.50-cal. APM2 curves were adjusted 

because the original curves were too close to the actual V50 performance of the 

plates in those thickness ranges and a high number of material lots were failing 

acceptance testing. The 14.5-mm BS41 was adjusted because the original curve was 

based on a limited number of experiments, and an unusually high V50 data point for 

a nominally 76.2-mm plate caused the curve to significantly shift upward. Now,

with more data available, a more appropriate acceptance curve has been derived. 

The new acceptance velocities were calculated by fitting the combined 7056 and 

7085 V50 data minus 2 standard deviations with Eqs. 3 and 4 for AP and FSP 

projectiles, respectively.8,9

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

7056-T761

7056-T751

7056-T721

MIL-DTL-32375A Type A

MIL-DTL-32375A Type B

Thickness (in)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (ft/s)

Ballistic Limit - V50 (m/s)

Thickness (mm)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

17

1000 V a bt A = + . (3)

1000 a bt V e A

+ = . (4)

In Eqs. 3 and 4, VA is the acceptance velocity, t is the actual thickness of the plate, 

and both a and b are constants of regression. Table 15 lists the constants of 

regression for each projectile. The ballistic tables corresponding to the acceptance 

curves can be found in MIL-DTL-32375A (MR).

Table 15 Constants of regression for the acceptance curves for AA7056 and AA7085 used 

in MIL-DTL-32375A

Projectile type 7056-T761/7085-T711 7056-T721/7056-T751/7085-T721

a b a b

0.30-cal. APM2 at 0° –1.00510 6.38362 –0.73629 5.38098

0.50-cal. APM2 at 0° –1.68208 4.05994 –1.74964 3.63981

14.5-mm BS41 at 0° –1.01917 3.31534 ... ...

0.50-cal. FSP at 0° –0.87107 2.08372 –0.79585 1.93870

20-mm FSP at 0° –0.92069 1.28106 –0.96678 1.28373

5. Conclusions

A ballistic evaluation has been performed on AA7056 in the T761, T751, and T721 

tempers. This report has compared the performance of AA7056 against existing 

mil-spec Al-armor material, namely AA7085. AA7056 performed similar to 

AA7085 against the mil-spec projectiles at equal thicknesses. This report has also 

documented the calculations used to derive the acceptance tables included in the 

updated MIL-DTL-32375A (MR).
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

18

6. References

1. MIL-DTL-32375A (MR). Armor plate, aluminum, alloy, 7056 and 7085 

unweldable appliqué. Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD): Army Research 

Laboratory (US); 2016 Jan 21.

2. International alloy designations and chemical composition limits for wrought 

aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys. Arlington (VA): The Aluminum 

Association, Inc.; 2015 Jan.

3. MIL-STD-662F. V50 ballistic test for armor. Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD): 

Army Research Laboratory (US); 1997 Dec 18.

4. Grabarek C, Herr L. X-ray multi-flash system for measurement of projectile 

performance at the target. Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD): Army Ballistic 

Research Laboratory (US); 1966 Sep. Report No.: BRL-TN-1634.

5. Mascianica F. Ballistic technology of lightweight armor. Watertown (MA): 

Army Materials Research Agency (US); 1964 Sep. Report No.: AMRA MS 

64-07.

6. MIL-DTL-46593B (MR). Projectile, calibers .22, .30, .50, and 20 mm 

fragment-simulating. Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD): Army Research 

Laboratory (US); 2008 Aug 11.

7. Gallardy D. Ballistic evaluation of 7085 aluminum. Aberdeen Proving Ground 

(MD): Army Research Laboratory (US); 2012 Mar. Report No.: ARL-TR5952. 

8. DeLuca E, Anctil A. Laminate armor for light combat vehicles. Watertown 

(MA): Army Materials Technology Laboratory (US); 1986 Apr. Report No.: 

MTL TR 86-14. 

9. Van Caneghem R, Typanski D, Latham R. Appendix C: ballistic testing of 

aluminum armor alloys – shock testing of weldments and specification data. 

Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD): Army Combat Systems Test Activity (US); 

1986 Apr. Report No.: MTL TR 86-14. 
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

19

Appendix A. Ballistic Data: 7056-T761 

 

This appendix appears in its original form, without editorial change.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

20

0.30-cal APM2

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 4/21/2015

Plate Number: 823551 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.893

Thickness, mm: 22.68

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2221 

ft/s 677 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 23 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 54 ft/s 16 m/s

ZMR: 36 ft/s 11 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2127 648 -- PP No 14298

2403 732 -- CP No 14299

2249 685 -- PP Yes 14300

2335 712 -- CP No 14301

2400 731 -- CP No 14302

2264 690 -- CP No 14303

2227 679 -- CP Yes 14304

2195 669 -- PP Yes 14305

2145 654 -- PP No 14306

2213 674 -- CP Yes 14307
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

21

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 4/14/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.598

Thickness, mm: 40.59

Hardness, BHN: 170

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

3081 

ft/s 939 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 48 ft/s 14 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2920 890 -- PP No 14285

3112 948 -- CP Yes 14286

3020 920 -- PP No 14287

3064 934 -- PP Yes 14288

3078 938 -- CP Yes 14289

3069 935 -- PP Yes 14290
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

22

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 1/22/2015

Plate Number: 823551 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.103

Thickness, mm: 28.02

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2508 

ft/s 764 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 50 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2547 776 -- CP No 14146

2416 736 -- PP No 14147

2507 764 -- PP Yes 14148

2552 778 -- CP No 14149

2447 746 -- PP No 14150

2538 774 -- CP No 14151

2544 775 -- CP No 14152

2477 755 -- PP Yes 14153

2527 770 -- CP Yes 14154

2520 768 -- CP Yes 14155
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

23

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 1/20/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.447

Thickness, mm: 36.75

Hardness, BHN: 174

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2931 

ft/s 893 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 26 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 53 ft/s 16 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2953 900 -- CP Yes 14135

2756 840 -- PP No 14136

2852 869 -- PP No 14137

2900 884 -- PP Yes 14138

2919 890 -- PP Yes 14139

2951 899 -- CP Yes 14140
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

24

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 9/2/2015

Plate Number: 900305 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.487

Thickness, mm: 37.77

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2972 

ft/s 906 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 18 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 42 ft/s 12 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2933 894 -- PP No 12958

2997 913 -- CP Yes 12959

2955 901 -- PP Yes 12960

2972 906 -- CP Yes 12961

2963 903 -- PP Yes 12962
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

25

0.50-cal APM2

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 3/26/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.447

Thickness, mm: 36.75

Hardness, BHN: 174

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2153 

ft/s 656 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 25 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 56 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2284 696 0.22 CP No 12608

2206 672 0.88 CP No 12609

2080 634 0.40 PP No 12610

2182 665 0.54 CP Yes 12611

2126 648 0.14 PP Yes 12612

2139 652 0.61 PP Yes 12613

2165 660 0.52 CP Yes 12614
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

26

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 2/13/2015

Plate Number: 823561 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.573

Thickness, mm: 65.35

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

3046 

ft/s 928 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 20 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 48 ft/s 14 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3164 964 1.14 CP No 12541

3024 922 0.82 PP Yes 12542

3112 948 0.47 CP No 12543

3110 948 1.21 CP No 12544

3072 936 0.62 CP Yes 12545

3046 928 0.47 PP Yes 12546

3043 927 0.26 CP Yes 12547
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

27

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 2/11/2015

Plate Number: 823541 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.568

Thickness, mm: 65.23

Hardness, BHN: 174

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

3006 

ft/s 916 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 44 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3183 970 0.76 CP No 12536

2982 909 1.03 PP Yes 12537

2993 912 1.03 PP Yes 12538

3026 922 0.67 CP Yes 12539

3024 922 1.04 CP Yes 12540
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

28

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 2/10/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.600

Thickness, mm: 40.64

Hardness, BHN: 170

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2271 

ft/s 692 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 20 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 46 ft/s 14 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2535 773 0.89 CP No 12528

2336 712 0.42 CP No 12529

2191 668 0.45 PP No 12530

2259 689 0.23 PP Yes 12531

2329 710 0.28 CP No 12532

2298 700 1.01 CP Yes 12533

2252 686 0.18 PP Yes 12534

2273 693 0.91 CP Yes 12535
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

29

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 8/26/2015

Plate Number: 900305 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.487

Thickness, mm: 37.77

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2135 

ft/s 651 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 15 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 37 ft/s 11 m/s

ZMR: 4 ft/s 1 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2213 674 0.50 CP No 12933

2138 652 0.10 PP Yes 12934

2152 656 0.46 CP Yes 12935

2134 650 0.58 CP Yes 12936 Large Spall Started

2115 645 0.33 PP Yes 12937
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

30

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 8/27/2015

Plate Number: 900294 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.940

Thickness, mm: 49.28

Hardness, BHN: 170

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2545 

ft/s 776 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 17 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 41 ft/s 12 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2671 814 0.65 CP No 12943

2621 799 0.54 CP No 12944

2620 799 0.45 CP No 12945

2457 749 0.20 PP No 12946

2526 770 0.36 PP Yes 12947

2567 782 0.73 CP Yes 12948

2539 774 0.68 PP Yes 12949

2546 776 0.30 CP Yes 12950
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

31

14.5-mm BS41

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 2/26/2015

Plate Number: 823561 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.573

Thickness, mm: 65.35

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2823 

ft/s 860 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 17 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 42 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: 5 ft/s 2 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2825 861 1.02 PP Yes 14204

2962 903 1.54 CP No 14205

2945 898 1.19 CP No 14206

2913 888 0.96 CP No 14207

2923 891 -- CP No 14208 Swithched to Chrono

2887 880 -- CP No 14209

2844 867 -- CP Yes 14210

2820 859 -- CP Yes 14211

2802 854 -- PP Yes 14212

2790 850 -- PP No 14213
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

32

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 3/4/2015

Plate Number: 823541 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.567

Thickness, mm: 65.20

Hardness, BHN: 174

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: Chrono

V50:

2777 

ft/s 847 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 19 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 41 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2804 855 -- CP Yes 14214

2763 842 -- PP Yes 14215

2771 845 -- CP Yes 14216

2768 844 -- PP Yes 14217
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

33

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 8/31/2015

Plate Number: 900293 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 3.055

Thickness, mm: 77.60

Hardness, BHN: 183

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

3065 

ft/s 934 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 26 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 59 ft/s 18 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3210 978 0.10 CP No 12951

3175 968 0.37 CP No 12952

3099 945 0.59 CP Yes 12953

3030 923 0.30 PP No 12954

3040 927 0.36 PP Yes 12955

3068 935 0.58 CP Yes 12956

3051 930 0.20 PP Yes 12957
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

34

0.50-cal FSP

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 1/29/2015

Plate Number: 823551 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.893

Thickness, mm: 22.68

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50-cal FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2774 

ft/s 846 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 19 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 45 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: 3 ft/s 1 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2972 906 -- CP No 14156

2719 829 -- PP No 14157

2836 864 -- CP No 14158

2776 846 -- CP Yes 14159

2748 838 -- PP Yes 14160

2793 851 -- CP Yes 14161

2779 847 -- PP Yes 14162
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

35

20-mm FSP

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 4/1/2015

Plate Number: 823551 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.893

Thickness, mm: 22.68

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

1180 

ft/s 360 m/s Number of Shots: 10

Std Dev: 45 ft/s 14 m/s Spread: 126 ft/s 38 m/s

ZMR: 110 ft/s 33 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

1364 416 0.23 CP No 14260

1261 384 1.95 PP Yes 14261

1305 398 1.01 CP No 14262

1236 377 1.44 CP Yes 14263

1220 372 0.55 CP Yes 14264

1146 349 0.10 PP Yes 14265

1197 365 0.62 CP Yes 14266

1168 356 0.75 CP Yes 14267

1135 346 1.12 PP Yes 14268

1151 351 0.68 CP Yes 14269

1138 347 0.72 PP Yes 14270

1149 350 0.83 PP Yes 14271
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

36

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 4/7/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.447

Thickness, mm: 36.75

Hardness, BHN: 174

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

2854 

ft/s 870 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 23 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 49 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2847 868 0.78 PP Yes 14272

2873 876 0.24 CP Yes 14273

2871 875 0.16 CP Yes 14274

2824 861 1.31 PP Yes 14275
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

37

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 4/8/2015

Plate Number: 823531 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.598

Thickness, mm: 40.59

Hardness, BHN: 170

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

3234 

ft/s 986 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 14 ft/s 4 m/s Spread: 32 ft/s 10 m/s

ZMR: 12 ft/s 4 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3543 1080 0.65 CP No 14276

3374 1028 1.97 CP No 14277

3242 988 0.63 PP Yes 14278

3299 1005 1.32 CP No 14279

3230 984 0.43 CP Yes 14280

3247 990 1.30 CP Yes 14281

3215 980 1.34 PP Yes 14282
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

38

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 2/10/2015

Plate Number: 823551 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.103

Thickness, mm: 28.02

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

1711 

ft/s 522 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 15 ft/s 4 m/s Spread: 35 ft/s 10 m/s

ZMR: 35 ft/s 10 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2707 825 0.05 CP No 14181

2541 774 1.10 CP No 14182

2271 692 1.30 CP No 14183

1888 575 1.22 CP No 14184

1716 523 1.01 PP Yes 14185

1724 525 1.63 PP Yes 14186

1804 550 0.49 CP No 14187

1716 523 0.26 CP Yes 14188

1692 516 1.01 PP No 14189

1689 515 0.64 CP Yes 14190
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

39

Target: 7056-T761 Date: 9/8/2015

Plate Number: 900305 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.487

Thickness, mm: 37.77

Hardness, BHN: 179

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

2887 

ft/s 880 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 23 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 54 ft/s 16 m/s

ZMR: 5 ft/s 2 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2891 881 0.16 CP Yes 12963

2854 870 0.15 PP Yes 12964

2896 883 0.41 PP Yes 12965

2908 886 0.31 CP Yes 12966
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

40

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

41

Appendix B. Ballistic Data: 7056-T751 and 7056-T721 

 

This appendix appears in its original form, without editorial change.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

42

0.30-cal APM2

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 8/26/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.024

Thickness, mm: 26.01

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2268 

ft/s 691 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 19 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 44 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: 6 ft/s 2 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2251 686 -- PP Yes 13843

2381 726 -- CP No 13844

2265 690 -- PP Yes 13845

2385 727 -- CP No 13846

2335 712 -- CP No 13847

2295 699 -- CP Yes 13848

2325 709 -- CP No 13849

2259 689 -- CP Yes 13850
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

43

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 8/25/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.900

Thickness, mm: 22.86

Hardness, BHN: 159

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2065 

ft/s 629 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 21 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 48 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: 6 ft/s 2 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2141 653 -- CP No 13832

2055 626 -- CP Yes 13833

1860 567 -- PP No 13834

2009 612 -- PP No 13835

2061 628 -- PP Yes 13836

1971 601 -- PP No 13837

2008 612 -- PP No 13838

2027 618 -- PP No 13839

2131 649 -- CP No 13840

2095 639 -- CP Yes 13841

2047 624 -- PP Yes 13842
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

44

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 12/11/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.638

Thickness, mm: 41.61

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

3023 

ft/s 922 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 25 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 55 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2729 832 -- PP No 14090

2998 914 -- PP No 14091

3146 959 -- CP No 14092

2885 879 -- PP No 14093

3005 916 -- PP Yes 14094

3060 933 -- CP Yes 14095

3016 919 -- CP Yes 14096

3012 918 -- PP Yes 14097
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

45

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 8/28/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.449

Thickness, mm: 36.80

Hardness, BHN: 166

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2797 

ft/s 853 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 15 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 35 ft/s 11 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2688 819 -- PP No 13851

2800 853 -- PP Yes 13852

2902 884 -- CP No 13853

2841 866 -- CP No 13854

2853 870 -- CP No 13855

2811 857 -- CP Yes 13856

2801 854 -- CP Yes 13857

2776 846 -- PP Yes 13858
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

46

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 4/23/2015

Plate Number: 649471 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.892

Thickness, mm: 22.66

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2161 

ft/s 659 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 18 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 42 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2048 624 -- PP No 14308

2321 707 -- CP No 14309

2232 680 -- CP No 14310

2098 639 -- PP No 14311

2238 682 -- CP No 14312

2157 657 -- PP Yes 14313

2234 681 -- CP No 14314

2166 660 -- CP Yes 14315

2182 665 -- CP Yes 14316

2140 652 -- PP Yes 14317
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

47

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 4/16/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.613

Thickness, mm: 40.97

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2929 

ft/s 893 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 19 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 39 ft/s 12 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3066 934 -- CP No 14291

2994 913 -- CP No 14292

2810 856 -- PP No 14293

2917 889 -- PP Yes 14294

2956 901 -- CP Yes 14295

2925 891 -- CP Yes 14296

2917 889 -- PP Yes 14297
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

48

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 1/21/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.445

Thickness, mm: 36.70

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.30-cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2753 

ft/s 839 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 24 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 49 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2731 832 -- PP Yes 14141

2804 855 -- CP No 14142

2780 847 -- CP Yes 14143

2767 843 -- CP Yes 14144

2735 834 -- PP Yes 14145
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

49

0.50-cal APM2

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 9/8/2014

Plate Number: 933181 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.443

Thickness, mm: 62.05

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2792 

ft/s 851 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 47 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2847 868 0.89 CP No 12233

2770 844 0.59 PP Yes 12234

2817 859 0.74 CP Yes 12235

2802 854 0.05 CP Yes 12236

2743 836 0.70 PP No 12237

2778 847 1.28 PP Yes 12238
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

50

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 9/9/2014

Plate Number: 933181 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.495

Thickness, mm: 63.37

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2845 

ft/s 867 m/s Number of Shots: 6

Std Dev: 29 ft/s 9 m/s Spread: 71 ft/s 22 m/s

ZMR: 7 ft/s 3 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2886 880 0.64 CP Yes 12239

2843 867 0.70 PP Yes 12240

2875 876 0.74 CP Yes 12241

2817 859 0.96 PP Yes 12242

2815 858 0.81 PP Yes 12243

2836 864 0.69 CP Yes 12244
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

51

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 9/3/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.638

Thickness, mm: 41.61

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2218 

ft/s 676 m/s Number of Shots: 6

Std Dev: 30 ft/s 9 m/s Spread: 83 ft/s 25 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2219 676 0.40 CP Yes 12226

2165 660 0.60 PP No 12227

2203 671 0.86 PP Yes 12228

2262 689 0.44 CP Yes 12229

2242 683 0.67 CP Yes 12230

2179 664 0.36 PP Yes 12231

2201 671 0.62 PP Yes 12232
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

52

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 11/25/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.449

Thickness, mm: 36.80

Hardness, BHN: 166

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2086 

ft/s 636 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 26 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 57 ft/s 18 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2070 631 0.62 PP Yes 12427

2118 646 0.58 CP Yes 12428

2093 638 0.21 CP Yes 12429

2061 628 0.64 PP Yes 12430
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

53

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 3/31/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.445

Thickness, mm: 36.70

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2050 

ft/s 625 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 24 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 55 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2142 653 0.70 CP No 12615

2052 625 1.14 PP Yes 12616

2107 642 1.01 CP No 12617

2096 639 0.89 CP No 12618

2070 631 0.49 CP Yes 12619

1934 589 1.16 PP No 12620

1978 603 0.91 PP No 12621

2015 614 0.40 PP Yes 12622

2063 629 0.78 CP Yes 12623
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

54

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 2/25/2015

Plate Number: 936221 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.569

Thickness, mm: 65.25

Hardness, BHN: 146

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2882 

ft/s 879 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 29 ft/s 9 m/s Spread: 57 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2698 822 0.53 PP No 12555

2751 838 1.47 PP No 12556

2910 887 0.97 CP Yes 12557

2853 870 0.41 PP Yes 12558

2861 872 0.83 PP Yes 12559

2904 885 1.03 CP Yes 12560
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

55

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 2/23/2015

Plate Number: 936231 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.572

Thickness, mm: 65.33

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2809 

ft/s 856 m/s Number of Shots: 6

Std Dev: 32 ft/s 10 m/s Spread: 72 ft/s 22 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2899 884 0.71 CP No 12548

2841 866 0.99 CP Yes 12549

2769 844 0.32 PP Yes 12550

2773 845 0.47 PP Yes 12551

2830 863 0.72 CP Yes 12552

2835 864 1.18 CP Yes 12553

2807 856 0.23 PP Yes 12554
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

56

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 2/4/2015

Plate Number: 933171 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 3.006

Thickness, mm: 76.35

Hardness, BHN: 149

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

3121 

ft/s 951 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 12 ft/s 4 m/s Spread: 26 ft/s 8 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3038 926 0.29 PP No 12518

3135 956 0.34 CP Yes 12519

3065 934 1.22 PP No 12520

3109 948 0.77 PP Yes 12521

3222 982 0.92 CP No 12522

2705 824 0.49 PP No 12523

3213 979 1.22 CP No 12524

3177 968 0.50 CP No 12525

3125 952 0.70 CP Yes 12526

3114 949 0.67 PP Yes 12527
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

57

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 2/2/2015

Plate Number: 933171 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 2.940

Thickness, mm: 74.68

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

3102 

ft/s 945 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 20 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 43 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2996 913 0.70 PP No 12510

3022 921 0.88 PP No 12511

3186 971 0.97 CP No 12512

3101 945 0.84 CP Yes 12513

3070 936 0.48 PP No 12514

3089 941 0.79 PP Yes 12515

3088 941 0.72 PP Yes 12516

3131 954 1.01 CP Yes 12517
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

58

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 4/1/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.613

Thickness, mm: 40.97

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2167 

ft/s 660 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 46 ft/s 14 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2183 665 1.45 CP Yes 12624

2094 638 1.04 PP No 12625

2160 658 0.58 PP Yes 12626

2186 666 0.42 CP Yes 12627

2140 652 0.70 PP Yes 12628
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

59

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 8/27/2015

Plate Number: 900306 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.977

Thickness, mm: 50.22

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50 cal APM2

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2473 

ft/s 754 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 25 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 47 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2496 761 0.65 CP Yes 12938

2420 738 0.72 PP No 12939

2449 746 0.15 PP Yes 12940

2453 748 0.70 PP Yes 12941

2493 760 0.59 CP Yes 12942
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

60

14.5-mm BS41

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 11/24/2014

Plate Number: 933181 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.495

Thickness, mm: 63.37

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2686 

ft/s 819 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 21 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 52 ft/s 16 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2685 818 0.70 PP Yes 14063

2712 827 1.06 CP Yes 14064

2687 819 1.00 CP Yes 14065

2660 811 0.64 PP Yes 14066
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

61

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 11/20/2014

Plate Number: 933181 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.443

Thickness, mm: 62.05

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2624 

ft/s 800 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 21 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 49 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2569 783 0.69 PP No 14056

2698 822 0.65 CP No 14057

2648 807 1.55 CP Yes 14058

2584 788 0.78 PP No 14059

2633 802 0.56 CP Yes 14060

2599 792 0.73 PP Yes 14061

2615 797 0.99 PP Yes 14062
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

62

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 12/1/2014

Plate Number: 933171 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.940

Thickness, mm: 74.68

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2866 

ft/s 873 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 25 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 46 ft/s 14 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3108 947 0.60 CP No 14067

3028 923 3.20 CP No 14068 High Yaw

2996 913 1.39 CP No 14069

2888 880 1.57 CP Yes 14070

2786 849 0.79 PP No 14071

2804 855 0.78 PP No 14072

2842 866 1.39 PP Yes 14073

2846 867 1.12 PP Yes 14074

2888 880 1.16 CP Yes 14075
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

63

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 12/4/2014

Plate Number: 933171 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 3.006

Thickness, mm: 76.35

Hardness, BHN: 149

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: X-Ray

V50:

2932 

ft/s 894 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 20 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 41 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2914 888 1.56 PP Yes 14076

2955 901 1.75 CP Yes 17077

2941 896 0.75 CP Yes 20078

2917 889 1.59 PP Yes 23079
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

64

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 3/10/2015

Plate Number: 936221 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.569

Thickness, mm: 65.25

Hardness, BHN: 146

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity

Measurement: Chrono

V50:

2652 

ft/s 809 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 11 ft/s 3 m/s Spread: 25 ft/s 8 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2647 807 -- PP Yes 14218

2666 813 -- CP Yes 14219

2641 805 -- PP Yes 14220

2655 809 -- CP Yes 14221
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

65

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 3/11/2015

Plate Number: 936231 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 2.572

Thickness, mm: 65.33

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 14.5-mm BS41

Velocity 

Measurement: Chrono

V50:

2680 

ft/s 817 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 19 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 43 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2625 800 -- PP No 14222

2653 809 -- PP Yes 14223

2687 819 -- CP Yes 14224

2683 818 -- PP Yes 14225

2696 822 -- CP Yes 14226
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

66

0.50-cal FSP

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 9/24/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.900

Thickness, mm: 22.86

Hardness, BHN: 159

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50-cal FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2623 

ft/s 799 m/s Number of Shots: 10

Std Dev: 60 ft/s 18 m/s Spread: 187 ft/s 57 m/s

ZMR: 187 ft/s 57 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2603 793 -- CP Yes 13858

2451 747 -- PP No 13859

2468 752 -- PP No 13860

2503 763 -- CP Yes 13861

2501 762 -- PP No 13862

2521 768 -- PP No 13863

2510 765 -- PP No 13864

2539 774 -- PP No 13865

2550 777 -- PP No 13866

2563 781 -- PP Yes 13867

2604 794 -- PP Yes 13868

2690 820 -- CP Yes 13869

2623 799 -- CP Yes 13870

2615 797 -- PP Yes 13871

2648 807 -- PP Yes 13872

2690 820 -- PP Yes 13873

2686 819 -- CP Yes 13874
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

67

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 12/17/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.024

Thickness, mm: 26.01

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50-cal FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

3607 

ft/s 1100 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 18 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 36 ft/s 11 m/s

ZMR: 24 ft/s 7 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3249 990 -- PP No

3308 1008 -- PP No

3593 1095 -- PP Yes

3902 1189 -- CP No

3505 1068 -- PP No

3881 1183 -- CP No

3764 1147 -- CP No

3848 1173 -- CP No

3675 1120 -- CP No

3592 1095 -- CP Yes

3628 1106 -- CP Yes

3649 1112 -- CP No

3547 1081 -- PP No

3616 1102 -- PP Yes
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

68

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 1/7/2015

Plate Number: 649471 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.894

Thickness, mm: 22.71

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 0.50-cal FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

3140 

ft/s 957 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 18 ft/s 5 m/s Spread: 42 ft/s 13 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2559 780 -- PP No 14112

2823 860 -- PP No 14113

3211 979 -- CP No 14114

3021 921 -- PP No 14115

3163 964 -- CP Yes 14116

3133 955 -- PP Yes 14117

3170 966 -- CP No 14118

3141 957 -- CP Yes 14119

3121 951 -- PP Yes 14120
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

69

20-mm FSP

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 10/22/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.638

Thickness, mm: 41.61

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

3319 

ft/s 1012 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 8 ft/s 2 m/s Spread: 17 ft/s 5 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3323 1013 -- PP Yes 12355

3419 1042 -- CP No 12356

3373 1028 -- CP No 12357

3328 1014 -- CP Yes 12358

3314 1010 -- CP Yes 12359

3311 1009 -- PP Yes 12360
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

70

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 10/24/2014

Plate Number: 647921 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.449

Thickness, mm: 36.80

Hardness, BHN: 166

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

2479 

ft/s 756 m/s Number of Shots: 6

Std Dev: 35 ft/s 11 m/s Spread: 84 ft/s 26 m/s

ZMR: 26 ft/s 8 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2568 783 -- CP No 12361

2506 764 -- PP Yes 12362

2586 788 -- CP No 12363

2543 775 -- CP No 12364

2528 770 -- CP No 12365

2521 768 -- CP No 12366

2541 774 -- CP No 12367

2494 760 -- CP Yes 12368

2480 756 -- CP Yes 12369

2629 801 -- CP No 12370

2520 768 -- CP Yes 12371

2437 743 -- PP Yes 12372

2436 742 -- PP Yes 12373
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

71

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 10/29/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 0.900

Thickness, mm: 22.86

Hardness, BHN: 159

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

1294 

ft/s 394 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 25 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 59 ft/s 18 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

1384 422 -- CP No 12378

1330 405 -- CP Yes 12379

1284 391 -- PP Yes 12380

1292 394 -- CP Yes 12381

1271 387 -- PP Yes 12382
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

72

Target: 7056-T751 Date: 10/28/2014

Plate Number: 647911 Location: EF 108

Thickness, in: 1.024

Thickness, mm: 26.01

Hardness, BHN: 156

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: Chronograph

V50:

1495 

ft/s 456 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 21 ft/s 6 m/s Spread: 50 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

1522 464 -- CP Yes 12374

1472 449 -- PP Yes 12375

1486 453 -- PP Yes 12376

1500 457 -- CP Yes 12377
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

73

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 3/30/2015

Plate Number: 649471 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 0.892

Thickness, mm: 22.66

Hardness, BHN: 153

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

1329 

ft/s 405 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 23 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 55 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: 7 ft/s 2 m/s

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

1417 432 0.30 CP No 14251

1322 403 1.83 CP Yes 14252

1236 377 0.86 PP No 14253

1256 383 0.70 PP No 14254

-- -- -- PP No 14255 missed x-ray

1286 392 1.44 PP No 14256

1305 398 0.69 PP Yes 14257

1329 405 0.34 PP Yes 14258

1360 415 1.75 CP Yes 14259
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

74

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 3/23/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.445

Thickness, mm: 36.70

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

2868 

ft/s 874 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 22 ft/s 7 m/s Spread: 49 ft/s 15 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

2544 775 1.23 PP No 14241

2613 796 1.08 PP No 14242

2672 814 0.77 PP No 14243

2768 844 0.51 PP No 14244

2835 864 0.67 PP Yes 14245

2877 877 0.46 CP Yes 14246

2874 876 0.56 PP Yes 14247

2819 859 0.89 PP No 14248

-- -- -- CP No 14249 missed x-ray

2884 879 0.98 CP Yes 14250
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

75

Target: 7056-T721 Date: 2/19/2015

Plate Number: 649461 Location: EF 106

Thickness, in: 1.613

Thickness, mm: 40.97

Hardness, BHN: 143

Obliquity: 0°

Projectile: 20-mm FSP

Velocity 

Measurement: X-ray

V50:

3376 

ft/s 1029 m/s Number of Shots: 4

Std Dev: 27 ft/s 8 m/s Spread: 55 ft/s 17 m/s

ZMR: N/A N/A

Striking Velocity Gamma Result 

(PP/CP)

Used for V50

(Yes/No)

Shot 

Number Comments

(ft/s) (m/s) (deg)

3237 987 0.40 PP No 14191

3468 1057 1.93 CP No 14192

3256 992 0.56 PP No 14193

3292 1003 0.55 PP No 14194

3353 1022 1.55 PP Yes 14195

3388 1033 0.55 CP Yes 14196

3353 1022 0.57 PP Yes 14197

3455 1053 0.18 CP No 14198

3408 1039 0.66 CP Yes 14199
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

76

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

77

List of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms

AA aluminum alloy

Al aluminum

AP armor-piercing

ARL US Army Research Laboratory

CP complete penetration

EF experimental facility

FSP fragment-simulating projectile

ID identification

IR infrared

mil-spec military specification

PP partial penetration
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

78

1 DEFENSE TECHNICAL

(PDF) INFORMATION CTR

DTIC OCA

2 DIRECTOR

(PDF) US ARMY RESEARCH LAB

RDRL CIO L

IMAL HRA MAIL & RECORDS

MGMT

1 GOVT PRINTG OFC

(PDF) A MALHOTRA

3 ALCOA

(PDF) R KANE 

D MOOY 

J CARATELLI

1 ALERIS

(PDF) L KRAMER

3 CONSTELLIUM

(PDF) P KOBE

M NIEDZINSKI 

M PHILBROOK 

1 KAISER

(PDF) J SCHEURING

1 NSWC

(PDF) R PETERSON 

4 BAE SYSTEMS

(PDF) J DORSCH 

B KARIYA 

D SCHADE 

M MIDDIONE

1 GDLS

(PDF) W HERMAN 

1 WA GOOCH CONSULTING

(PDF) INC

W GOOCH

2 ATEC

(PDF) K BEAVERS

J WHITE

9 TARDEC

(PDF) A SOCKS

J PEREZ 

F RICKERT

C FILAR

R TRANCYGIER

M MCDONNEL

M ROGERS

D TZELEPIS

M LAWSON

2 PEO GCS

(PDF) D SPENSER

D GABRIEL

1 OSHKOSH DEFENSE

(PDF) M RICHMOND 

1 US NAVY RSRCH LAB

(PDF) J MORAN

1 NSWC CARDEROCK DIV

(PDF) E TRUEMAN

2 DOD CORROSION POLICY

(PDF) AND OVERSIGHT OFC

R HAYS

D DUNMIRE

1 OFC OF THE DIR DEFNS

(PDF) RSRCH AND ENGRG

L SLOTER

1 USMC CORROSION

(PDF) PREVENTION AND CONTROL

A SHEETZ

48 DIR USARL

(PDF) RDRL D

H MAUPIN

RDRL WML

P PEREGINO

RDRL WML H 

L MAGNESS 

T EHLERS 

J NEWILL

RDRL WMM

R DOWDING

RDRL WMM C 

B PLACZANKIS

R SQUILLACIOTI

RDRL WMM D

B CHEESEMAN

R CARTER

M KORNECKI
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

79

RDRL WMM F

K DOHERTY

E HORWATH

J CHINELLA

S GRENDAHL

RDRL WMP D

J RUNYEON

D KLEPONIS

D PETTY

M KEELE

RDRL WMP E

E KLIER

P BARTKOWSKI

S BARTUS

M BURKINS

D CHURN

P DAVIS

B DAWSON

A DUCOTE

K DUDECK

D GALLARDY

D HACKBARTH

D HANDSHOE

J HOGAN

D HORNBAKER

J HOUSKAMP

T JONES

M KLUSEWITZ

C KRAUTHAUSER

D LITTLE

K MCNAB

J MONTGOMERY

T O’CONNOR

T QUIGG

D SCHALL

D SHOWALTER

N STURGILL

P SWOBODA

C WALTER

RDRL WMP F

N GNIAZDOWSKI
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

80

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.