DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 401

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1915

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SIOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVES, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT, and G. C. STEVENS. District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MAIXE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 

1917
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 401

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1915

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT; and G. C. STEVENS, District Engineers

Geological

Prepared in cooperation with the States 

MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS^! N«\f Yd]

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPEBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE

"WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

15 CENTS PER COPY 

V
CONTENTS.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 7

Definition of terms....................................................... 8

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 9

Explanation of data...................................................... 11

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 12

Cooperation............................................................... 14

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Gaging-station records.................................................... 14

St. John River basin................................................... 14

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine................................. 14

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine................................ 16

Machias River basin. ......!.......................................... 18

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine.............................. 18

Union River basin..................................................... 20

West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine.................... 20

Branch Lake near Ellsworth, Maine................................ 22

Penobscot River basin................................................ 22

West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine.............. 22

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine............................ 23

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine................ 25

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine...................... 27

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine. ........................... 29

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine........................... 30

St. George River basin................................................ 32

St. George River at Union, Maine................................. 32

Kennebec River basin............. t .................................. 33

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine............................... 33

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine............................... 34

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine............................... 36

Dead River at The Forks, Maine. ................................. 38

Sandy River near Farmington, Maine............................... 40

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine............................. 40

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine......................... 44

Androscoggin River basin...'.......................................... 46

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H............................. 46

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H............................... 47

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine........................ 49

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine......................... 51

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine....~............. 51

Presumpscot River basin............................................... 54

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine.................. 54

Saco River basin....................................................... 56

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine ................................ 56

Merrimack River basin................................................. 57

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H....................... 57

Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H............................ 59

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Merrimack River basin Continued. Page.

,Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass................................. 62

South. Branch of Nashua River basin near Clinton, Mass............. 64

Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins near Framingham and

Cochituate, Mass................................................ 65

Blackstone River basin................................................. 67

Blackstone River at Albion, R.I.................................... 67

Connecticut River basin................................................ 69

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H ................................. 69

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.............................. 71

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.......... 72

White River at West Hartford, Vt.................................. 74

Millers River at Erving, Mass....................................... 75

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass................................ 78

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass................................ 80

Swift River at West Ware, Mass.................................... 82

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass............................. 84

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass................................ 85

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass................................ 87

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass............. 89

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass......................... 91

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass................................. 93

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass........................... 94

Housatonic River basin.................................................. 96

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass...................... 96

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn............................ 98

" Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn............................ 101

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn......................... 102

Hudson River basin.................................................... 104

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y................................. 104

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.................................... 106

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y................................. 108

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y . ............................ 110

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y................................ Ill

Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y...................... 113

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 114

 Schroon River at Riverbank," N. Y.................................. 115

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y................................... 117

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.................................. 119

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y... 120

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y.............................. 122

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y ......................... 124

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y .................................. 126

'Delaware River basin................................................. 128

East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y................. 128

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y................................ 130

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J................................ 132

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y................................... 133

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y................. 135

Susquehanna River basin.............................................. 137

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y................................ 137

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y........................ 139

X3hemung River at Chemung, N. Y................................. 141
CONTENTS. 5

Gaging-station records Continued. Page.

Patuxent River basin................................................. 143

Patu'xent River near Burtonsville, Md............................. 143

Potomac River basin................................................... 145

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.............................. 145

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md................................. 146

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va................................ 148

Rappahannock River basin............................................. 149

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va....................... 149

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 151

Index.................................................................... 153

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Paga. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meter; B, Typical gaging station................... 10

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez.... 11
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE 

DRAINAGE BASINS, 1915.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1915. .

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394), which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have ca'rried the 

following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1915.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896........................................................ 20,000

. 1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50, 000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906,inclusive...............I....................... 200, 000

1907....................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1915, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are 

made in connection with the description of each station affected; 

cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 14.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 3,800 points 

in the United States and also at many points in small areas in Seward 

Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and the Hawaiian 

Islands. In July, 1914, 1,480 gaging stations were being maintained 

by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many miscel-
8 * SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

laneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In connection with'this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

the regular water-supply papers from time to time.

i 

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, 

and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A. second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross-section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 9).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic 

feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both 

as regards time and area.

"Run-off depth in inches" is the depth to which the drainage 

area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

depth of inches.

An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic fdet and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is used to express quantities of water 

stored in reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of 

flood control.

The following terms used hi these reports are not in common use:

"Discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation of 

gage height to discharge."

"Control," "controlling section," and "point of control," terms 

used to designate the section or sections of the stream below the gage 

which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should be
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 9

noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at 

all stages."

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of the river 

would fall if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(secondfeet per 

square 

mile.)

1... ......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (depth in inches).

I day.

0.03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(seco adfeet).

1.........

2......... 

3......... 

4.........

5.........

6.........

7. ........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (acre-feet).

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7i934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57:52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.' 5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (millions of cubic feet) .

1 day.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

 .4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days. 

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply run-off for one day by the number of days.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (millions of gallons.)

1 day.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939 

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.521 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

. 74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39 

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

. 20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity into feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second 0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour=1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per second

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

(units).

0.. ..................

1. ...................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

S...................\

9....................

0

0.000

.682

1.36

2.05

9 71

3.41

4.09

4.77

5.45

6.14

1

0.068

.750

1 49

2.11

2.80

3.48

4.16

4.84

5.52

6.20

2

0.136

.818

1 50

2.18

2 OR

3.55

4

OQ

4 91

i to

6.27

3

0.205

.886

1 V7

2.25

2 no

3.61

4 30

4.98

5.66

6.34

4

0.273

1.64

2.32

3 An

3.68

4 Oft

5.05

5.73

6.41

5

0.341

1.02

1.70

2.39

3 rt7

3.75

4

4Q

5.11

5.80

6.48

6

0.409

1.09

1.77

2.45

3 14

3.82

4

EA

5.18

5.86

6.55

7

0.477

1.16

1.84

2.52

1 9fl

3.89

4 57

5.25

<5 01

6.61

8

0.545

1.23

1 Q1

2.59

' 1 97

11 1 OH

4 64

5.32

6.00

6.68

9

0.614 i in

1 OS

3 Id

4.02

4.70

5.39

6.07

6.75

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet of 13.752 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

. 1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 401 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 401 PLATE II

STEVENS. ^. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

a FRIEZ.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 11

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet^

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 fqot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

_. , . L . ,, Second-feetXfall in feet ^ ,

To calculate water power quickly: jj =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1914, and ending September 30, 1915. At the first of January, in 

most parts of the country a large amount of the precipitation for 

the preceding three months is stored, either as ground water, in the 

form of snow, or in lakes. This stored water passes off in the streams 

during the spring break-up. At the end of September the only 

stored water available for run-off in the streams is. possibly a small 

amount held in ground storage. Therefore the run-off for a year, 

beginning with October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

occurring within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. I, B)- consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PI. II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made * with a current meter by the general 

methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river 

discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which the monthly 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprises a description of the station, a table giving 

results of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly'and yearly discharge 

and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage,' artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At stations 

on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage height 

may not be the mean discharge for the day. If such stations are 

equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily discharge may be 

obtained by averaging discharge at regular intervals during the day 

or by use of the discharge integrator, an instrument operating-on the 

principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element 

the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day 

when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the 

mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the 

water surface was at crest height, and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column 

headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining 

'columns, which are defined on page 8, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to
ACCUBACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED BESULTS. 13

the daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in 

general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; 

"fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" within 

15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based on 

the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the 

mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the estimate of maximum or minimum discharge nor to that 

for any one day, but to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating curve, the probable reliability of the observer, the 

number of gage readings per day, the range of the fluctuation in-stage, 

and knowledge of local conditions. In this column A indicates that 

the mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, 

within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 -per cent. 

Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of 

run-off in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from 

including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other 

use. On this account computations of " second-feet per square mile " 

and "run-off (depth in inches)" have not been made for streams 

draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less than 20 inches nor 

for streams draining areas in which the precipitation exceeds 20 inches 

jf such computations might be uncertain or misleading because of the 

presence of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage 

area, because of the omission of estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use, or because of artificial control or unusual natural 

control of the flow of the river above the gaging station. All values of 

"second-feet per square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the Survey should be used with care because 

of possible inherent sources of error not known to the Survey.

In general the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published not only to comply with the law but also to afford 

any engineer the means of analyzing in detail the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as to give 

only a general idea of the flow at the station and should not be used 

for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge 

allow more detailed studies of the variation in flow. It should be 

borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

COOPERATION,

The hydrometric work in Maine was carried on in cooperation with 

the Public Utilities Commissidn of Maine, Benjamin F. Cleaves, 

chairman, and Paul L. Bean, chief engineer.

Hydrometric work in Vermont and Massachusetts was carried on 

under cooperative agreements between Charles W. Gates, governor 

of Vermont, David I. Walsh, governor of Massachusetts, and the 

director of the United States Geological Survey.

The station on Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., was 

maintained in cooperation with the State of Connecticut.

In New York hydrometric work was carried on in cooperation 

with Frank M. Williams, State engineer and surveyor, and with the 

Division of Inland Waters of the State Conservation Commission.

Financial assistance has been rendered by the New England Power 

Co., the Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., the Connecticut Valley 

Lumber Co., the Holyoke Water Power Co., the International Paper 

Co., the Potomac Electric Power Co., the Spottsylvania Power Co., 

and other power companies in connection with records on streams 

which they are utilizing.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in New England were collected and prepared 

for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer. 

The work in Maine was under the immediate supervision of G. C. 

Danforth, assistant engineer of the Public Utilities Commission, 

assisted by W. G. Hill. The other assistants in New England were 

Hardin Thweatt, R. S. Barnes, G. F. Adams, and W. A. Elwood.

For stations in New York the data were collected and prepared for 

publication under the direction of C. C. Covert, district engineer, 

who was assisted by O. W. liartwell, C. S. DeGolyer, E. D. Burchard, 

H. W. Fear, R. M. Adams, W. A. James, and H. Kimmey.

For stations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia the data were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of G. C. 

Stevens, district engineer, who was assisted by E. S. Fuller, H. J. 

Dean, E. D. Burchard, H. W. Fear, M. I. Walters, W. A. Elwood, 

and W. F. Zens.

The manuscript was assembled and reviewed by H. J. Dean*

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASEST.

ST. JOHN RIVER AT FORT KENT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At suspension footbridge in the town of Fort Kent, Aroostook County, a 

- short distance above mouth ol Fish River and about 15 miles below mouth^ of St, 

Francis River,
ST. JOHN BIVEB BASIN. 15

DRAINAGE AREA. ^,880 square miles; not including 270 square miles of Chamberlain 

Lake drainage area, which is partly tributary to Penobscot basin. (See WaterSupply Pap*r 281, p. 28.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 13, 1905, to September 30, 1915. Da$a also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Inclined staff 22 feet long, in two sections, attached to new concrete pier 

nearest N«w Branswick shore of river. Lower part of gage is placed in a groove 

in the side of the pier; upper part is fastened to downstream end of same pier. 

Gage read twice daily by F. L. Hamilton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTBOL. Practically permanent; both banks high, rocky, cleared, 

and not subject to overflow except in extreme freshets.

EXTREMES 01- DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.5 feet at 4 p. m., 

May 5, and at 8 a. m., May 6 (discharge, 43,700 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, below 3.0 feet (bottom of gage), August 4-7, and September 12-15 

(estimated discharge, 840 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of a few dams on upper headwaters for log driving affects 

only slightly flow past gage.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hill: 

May 19, 1915: Gage height, 7.70 feet; discharge, 13,600 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1........................... 

2........................... 

3...........................

4........................... 

5...........................

6...................1....... 

7........................... 

.8........................... 

9...........................

10...........................

11........................... 

12........................... 

13........................... 

14........................... 

15...........................

16........................... 

17........................... 

18........................... 

19...........................

20...........................

21........................... 

22...........................

23........................... 

24........................... 

25...........................

27]"!!!!"!"!""""!!"" 

28........................... 

29...........................

30........................... 

31...........................

Oct.

1,890 

1,810 

1,810

1,810 

1,660

1,660 

1,520 

1,460 

1,270

1,220

2,060 

8,520 

11,300 

10,300 

7,330

5,620 

5,040 

4,370 

4,370

5,770

7,660 

9 040

11* 100 

12,300 

11,100

9,220 

8,170 

7,010 

5,620

5,040 

4,500

Nov.

4,370 

4,630 

5,040

6,380 

6,380

6,070 

5,770 

6,380 

6,380

6,380

6,070 

6,220 

6,070 

6,070 

5,320

4,760 

4,240 

3,61,0 

3,740

2,710

2,710 

3,610

4,630 

4,370 

4,370

4,370 

4,370 

4,110 

4,110

4, 110

Dec.

4,500 

4,760

5,770

6,690 

9,400

10,100 

9,580 

8,340 

7,330

6,380

5,770 

4,760 

4,110

::::::::

........

........

Apr.

........

........

........

"37,"466'

26,400 

30,900 

35,200 

41,400

40,200 

40,200

34, 700 

33,000 

33,000

32,500 

41,400 

38,500 

33,000

33,000

May.

35,400 

38,000 

38,200

40,200 

42,200

43,100 

36,000 

39, 100 

41,700

41 400

35,200 

30,700 

27,900 

25,900 

22,800

20,700 

16,900 

15,400 

14,300

15,000 

13,700

12' 100

12,700 

10,700

8, i860 

11,100 

9,580 

9,400

9,220 

8,690

June.

8,170 

7,500 

7,170

6,540 

6,690

7,830 

8,000 

6,690 

5,040

4,760

4,370 

4,370 

5,040 

5,180 

4,900

4,760 

4,900 

4,900 

4,630

3,980 

3,490

3

0 7ft

3,030 

3,140 

3,740

3,860 

3,860 

3,860 

3,490

3,030

July.

2,610 

2,420 

1,970

1,890 

1,660

1,890 

2,060 

2,140 

2,510

3,860

4,900 

5,180 

5,620

7,830 

8,860

7,660 

7,830 

7,330 

6.540

5,180

4,500 

3,740

3,260 

3,140 

2,920

2,920 

2,920 

2,610 

2,060

1,590 

1,330

Aug.

1,160 

1,060 

1,060

950 

950

900 

900 

1,060 

I'llO

1,890

2,140 

2,140 

2,710 

3,860 

6,070

6,070 

5,620 

4,900 

4,240

4,240

3,980 

3,140

2,610 

2,710 

2,820

3,370 

4,240 

4,110 

3,370

3,140 

2,920

Sept.

2,610 

2,060 

 1,810

1,810 

1,520

1,330 

1,060 

1,060 

1,160

1,060 

980 

840 

980 

1,060

1,060 

1,520 

1,660 

1,660

1,520

1,390 

2,320

4,240 

4,370 

4,110

3,860 

4,110 

10,700 

15,400

13,700

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. No gage readings obtained Aug. 4-7 

and Sept. 12-15; discharge estimated by comparison with records at Van Buren. Discharge relation 

affected by ice Dec. 14 to Apr. 14; discharge not estimated.
16

Monthly dit

SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

of St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30 

1915.

[Drainage area, 4,880 square miles.]

Month.

December 1-13 ..........................

April 15-30. .............................

May.....................................

June....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,300 

6,380 

10,100 

41,400 

43, 100 

8,170 

8,860 

6,070 

- 15, 400

Minimum.

1,220 

2,710 

4,110 

26,400 

8,690 

3,030 

1,330 

900 

840

Mean.

5,530 

4,910 

6,730 

35,700 

23,800 

5,010 

3,900 

2,890 

3,070

Per 

square 

mile.

1.13 

1.01

1.38 

7.32 

4.88 

1.03 

.799 

.592 

.629

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.30 

1.1*

.67 

4.36 

5.63 

1.15 

.92 

.68 

.70

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

ST. JOHN RIVER AT VAN BUREN, MAINE.

LOCATION. At new International Bridge at Van Buren, Aroostook County, Maine, 

about 14 miles above Grand Falls, New Brunswick.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 4, 1908, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Gage used since May 6, 1912, painted vertically on second pier from Van 

Buren end of bridge; zero of gage 407.69 feet above sea level; gage heights 1908 

to 1911 read on a vertical rod attached to pier of sawdust carrier of Hammond's 

mill, about 700 feet below International Bridge, but reduced to datum of bridge 

gage in published reports. Gage read twice daily by W. H.- Scott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from International Bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.0 feet at 5.15 

p. m., May 9 (discharge, 87,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.4 feet 

at 6.10 a. m. and 6 p. m., September 13 (discharge, 1,740 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. Estimate of discharge based on 

gage heights observed at Grand Falls.

REGULATION. The little storage above for log driving probably does not affect the 

discharge.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

COOPERATION. Winter gage heights at Grand Falls furnished by H. S. Ferguson, 

consulting engineer.

Discharge measurements of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by W. G. Hill.]

Date.

Mar.2.. ...... ....................

May 18.. .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

aS.00

12.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,040

qc cflA

Date.

May 20...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

32,100

o Discharge relation affected by ice.
ST. JOHN BIVEE BASIN. 17

Daily discharge,in second-feet, of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. S'O, 1915.

Day.

1......

2......

4...... 

5......

6......

7......

10......

11......

12......

13

14......

15......

16...... 

17......

1ft

19......

20......

91

99

23...... 

24......

oe;

26......

27...... 

28......

OQ

on

31......

Oct.

3,160

2,380

2,700

2,440 

2,200

2,200

2,120

2,040

2,040

2,200

6,400

 9,500

14,100

14,600

12,200

9,630 

7,720 

7,480

7,240

T fiftfl

10,000

11,400

12,200 

11,400

1ft ^ftfl

9,370

8,220 

7,600

7,000

6,760

7 ifift

Nov.

7,720

7,720

£,850

9,240

9

Ktv\

9,630

Q 07A

9,760

9,630

8

QOA

8,100

.6,880

6,280

6,160

5.820

6,050 

7,240 

7,240

8,600

11,200

12,100 13 ftrift

13,000 

12,800 

12,800

13,000

12,600 

12,200

12,100

12,100

Dec.

9,790

7,250

7,840

9,450 

10,100

10,100

9,450

9,120

8,790

'8,150

7,540

6,700

6,440

5,720

5,290

5,090 

4,890 

4,890

5,090

5,500

5,290

5,090

4,890 

4,700 

4,700

4,510

4,160 

, 3,990

3,990

3,660

3,660

Jan.

3,500

3,350

3,350

3,200 

3,050

2,910

3,050

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,050

3*050

2^910

2,910 

2,770 

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,910

3,200 

3,820 

3,500

3,200

2,910 

2,770

2,520

2,520

2,410

Feb.

2,410

2,410

2,410

£,300 

2,300

2,190

2 ion

2,300

2.410

2,520

2,520

2,520

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,300 

2,190 

2,410

2,640

2,910

3,350

4,330

4,700 

5,090 

5,720

6,700

7,840 

8,150

Mar.

8,150

8,150

 8,630

8,960 

9,120

9,120

9

AKt\

O tifift

10,100

10,100

9,790

9,450

9,120

9,120 

9,120 

8,960

8,790

8 Ton

8,470

8

1EA

8,000 

7,840 

7,250

7,110

6,440 

5,950

5,500

5,500

5,400

Apr.

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,400 

5,400

5,500

5,610

6,070

6,700

7,250

9,960

26,200

35,200

36,800

49,200

68,700 

71,100 

83,000

68,400

fil fiftfl

61,400

60 500

56,' 200 

53,000 

51,500

53,200

57,500 

68,100

ftQ fiftfl

65,400

May.

61,100

60,500

OA CAn

67,200 

70,200

71,700

69,300

70,800

86,500

QO ftrtA

73,200

64,500

59,200

55,000

so nnn

44,800 

39,800 

36,100

34,100

33,600

32,800

29,600

27,800 

27,600 

94 7nn

22,700

22,900 

24,400

22,700

21,200

20,000

June.

18,800

17,900

17 4nn

16,500

1ft OAA

18,700

17,400

15,600

13,000

10,300

11,800

11,800

12,300

12,200

U orm

11,600 

11.500 

11,100

11,000

1ft dOA

10,200

9,630

9,110

8,860 

8,720

8,470

8,220 

8,220

7 wn

7,720

July.

7,120

6,520

5,940

5,360 

4,810

5,360

5,820

5,590

7,480

U ftnn

11,400

10,800

10,700

12,100

10 fifin

13,000 

12,600 

13,200

12,300

1ft ftOft

9,240

8,220

7,360 

7,000 

6,640

6,160

5,940

5,250

4,700

4,370

Aug.

4,050

3,640

3,340

3,060

2,880

2,700

2,530

2,700

2,790

3,340

3,640

8,540

3,640

8,840

3,250

5,820 

7,720 

7,120

5,940

5,6wO

^5,700

5,140

4,590 

4,370 

3Kdn

4,050

4,920 

5,700

5,360

4,700

4,480

.Sept.

3,940

3,640

3,150

2,790 

2,700'

2,530

2,360

2,040

2,280

2 44TI

2,200

2,040

1,740

2,040

2,200

2.200

2,200 

2,360

2,700

2,880

3,160

3,840

5,940 

7,000 

6,050

6,160

13,300 

17,400

20,800

22,400

NOTE. Discharge for open-water period determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation 

affected by jice Dec. 11$ Apr. 11; discharge determined from gage heights at Grand Falls by means of a 

rating curve based on discharge measurements at Van Buren.

60411° WSP 401 17 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&15, PART I.

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

! Drainage area, 8,270 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,600 

13,000 

10,100 

3,820 

8,150 

10,100 

83,000 

86,500 

19.200 

13,600 

7,720 

22,400

86,500

Minimum.

2,040 

5,820 

3,660 

2,410 

2,190 

5,400 

5,400 

20,000 

7,720 

4,170 

2,530 

1,740

1,740

Mean.

7,160 

9,660 

6,320 

3,030 

3,350 

8,390 

38,900 

47,500 

12,300 

8,250 

4,320 

5,220

12,900

Per 

square 

mile.

0.866 

1.17 

.764 

.366 

.405 

1.01 4.70 ' 

5.74 

1.49 

.998 

.522 

.631

1.56

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

- drainage 

, area).

1.00 

1.30

.88 

.42 

.42 

1.16 

5.24 

6.62 

1.66 

1.15 

.60 

.70

21.15

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

C.

c.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

MACBIAS RIVER BASIN.

MACHIAS RIVER1-AT WHITNEYVILLE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At a wooden highway bridge in the town of Whitneyville, Washington 

County, 200 feet below a storage dam, 4 miles above Machias.

DRAINAGE AREA. 465 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 17, 1903, to September 3Q, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain installed "on the wooden highway bridge October 10, 1911; prior to 

October 3, 1905, chain gage on the Washington County railroad bridge, threefourths of a mile downstream; October 3, 1905, to October 9, 1911, staff gage on 

highway bridge at datum of present chain gage. Gage read once a day by Ira S. 

Albee.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge or,by wading at a point 200 

feet above railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.0 feet at 1.30 

p. m. May 2, and 2.10 p. m. May 3 (discharge, 6,780 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 2.8 feet, on October 1, 2, 3, 16, 17, 18 (discharge, 30 second-feet). 

, WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Opening and closing of gates in storage dam immediately above'station each day during low stages of the river causes considerable fluctuation; 

some log driving every year and jams of short duration occasionally occur.

ACCURACY. Results considered fair.

Discharge measurements of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, during the year ending,

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

May 6

Sept. 14

Made by 

W. G. Hill......... ......................................................

G. C. Danforth...........................................................

Gage

Feet. 

7.45

3.77

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

3,280

399
MACHIAS KIVEB BASIN. 19

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Machias River at Whitneymlle, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. -v. ..........

17. .............

18:.............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.............".

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

30in

30

51

77

107

107

77

51

51

51

51

51

51

on

30

30

51

178

362

571

571

571

517

464

dfi/1

517 ci 7

800

Nov.

682

571

517

464

412

362

314

267

267

267

991

178

141

107

107

517

1 490

1.170

800

7^n

740

676

517

464

464

AfiA.

464

ARA

412

Dec.

412

412

517

626

517

<tfi/l

OCO

01 A

267

267

267

800

740

626

464

362

362

362

362

QCO

362

362

314

nan

267

314

Jan.

362

314

267

267

091

221

ARA

920

860

682

517

464

314

267

267

267

2 <tin

3

AQA

1 Q4fl

1,170

1,040

QQ1

Q9ft

RfiO

800

QAA

800

QAA

517

Feb.

464

412

412

412

412

412

517

981

920

740

626

517

517

419

OftO

aon

1,290

QQ1

QAA

626

517

464

419

QQ1

2 360

2 980

4,280

2

-lQrt.

Mar.

1,230

1,040 *7in

571

K17

464

412

<119

412

412

412

oco

OftO

362

SI 4

314

Q1<t

01 A

267

267

267

267

267

991

991

* 991

991

991

221

221

Apr.

991

221

267

267

267

517

740

740

740

740

1,100

1,710

1

QCA

1 OCf|

1 360

I

qcA

1 9Qft

1.230

1,100

1 '981 040

QQ1

981

1 OQrt

1 430

1,560

1 640

1*640

1 ' 940

May.

3,880

6,780

6,780

6,120

4 480

2,980

2

QQA

3,080

3,180

3

0Qfl

S

oon

2,620

2 ian

1 Qifl

1 640

1 490

1 ^fift

1 if\(\

1 360

1 490

1,710 i ftfifi

2,100

O OCA

2 OCA

2 97H

2

-1QA

2,100

2

-1 Art

2 inn

1,940

June.

1,710

I d on

1 ^ifift

1,230

1,100

1,100

1,100

1 fl4fl

QQ1

QQ1

OKA

Q9ft

QfiA

626

412

517

517

517

Apjj,

1,100

1,040

QQ1

Oftl

O9ft

Q9ft

860

QAA

740

626

July.

517

K17

517

464

464

517

517

517

2,620

5,130

3 eon

2,270

1 ^fift

1,230

1,100

QQ1

860

860

860

800

740

682

740

740

682

626

626

626

626

626

Aug.

626

626

1,040

981

920

860

800

740

682

682

626

571

517

464

412

412

387

362

362

362

412

517

571

626

571

517

464

4fii

464

412

.Sept.

412

362

314

267

267

267

267

267

267

267

267

267

314

362

412

412

412

412

412

412

362

314

267

221

221

267

362

362

314

267

NOTE. Discharge determined, from a rating curve well defined between 100 and 4,000 second-feet. Discharge relation may have been slightly affected by ice at various times in December, January, and February.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending jSept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 465 square miles.] .

Month.

March ..................................

April...................................

July....................................

"August. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

800 

1,490 

,800 

3,080 

4,280 

1,230 

1,940 

6,780 

1,710 

5,130 

1,040 

.412

6,780

Minimum.

30 

107 

267 

221 

362 

221 

221 

1,360 

412 

464 

362 

221

30

Mean.

231

489 

402 

761 

952 

390 

1,000 

2,760 

910 

1,070 

576 

320

822

Per

square 

mile.

0.497 

1.05 

.865 

' 1.64 

2.05 

.839 

2.15 

5.94 

1.96 

2.30 

1.24 

.688

1.77

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

1.17 

1.00 

1.89 

2.14 

.97 

2.40 

6.85 

2.19 

2.65 

1.43 

.77

24.03

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

G., 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

R. 

B.

UNION RIVER BASIN.

WEST BRANCH OF UNION RIVER AT AMHERST, MAINE, a

LOCATION. At highway bridge, three-fourths of a mile west of Amherst post office,

Hancock County, on road to Bangor, about a mile below highway bridge at old

tannery dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 140 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1909, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maina 

GAGE. Chain, installed June 2, 1910, at same datum as old vertical gage nailed to

log abutment; read twice a day by Mrs. Emma Sumner. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; unlikely to change except in unusual flood. 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12 feet at 4 p. m.

May 1 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 1,840 second-feet); minimum

open stage recorded, 5.05 feet October 3, 6, and 8 (discharge, 21 second-feet); 

' minimum discharge estimated at 19 second-feet December 22-25 and January 5,

when discharge relation was affected by ice. 

REGULATION. A few log-driving dams above the station, but the regimen of stream

is only slightly affected thereby. 

ACCURACY. Results considered fair.

Discharge measurements of ffiest Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915. '

Date.

Feb. 15

Sept. 17

Made by 

W.G.'HSl.......................................... .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

& 8. 35

5.68

Discharge.

Sec.-fe4t. 

285

61

a Published in reports for 1911 to 1913 as "Union. River at Amherst." 

& Discharge relation affected by ice, ' '
UNION RIVEE BASIN. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for ike

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ....... .........

2...................

3. ...L. .............

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10.,... ..............

11...................

12...................

11

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

OQ

24..............:....

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

if> o-i

Oct.

23

23

21

23

23

21

21

21

23

28

26

23

23

23

23

34

34

37

40

51

51

40

40

40

51

55

72

96

78

78

83

Nov.

72

78

78

72

68

68

68

59

59

59

55

55

55

59

Dec.

90

90 ' 96

V

Mar.

i99

o207

o216

o224

132

«127

o!22

118

o!24

o!29

«134

140

o!43

o!45

148

o 144

o!40

o!36

Apr.

140

, 148

' 156

156

164

173

236

284

325

369

438

738

896

846

768

783

656

669

605

580

556

532

532

508

520

461

532

532

508

605

May.

1,500

1,680

1,520

1,600

1,660

1,600

1,370

1,240

1,130

1,110

896

738

682

568

532

484

520

415

369

347

325

304

294

294

294

284

347

380

380

336

304

June.

274

304

226

217

190

199

190

164

132

140

140

140

125

110

110

110

125

125

103

125

164

156

156

156

156

140

125

125

110

103

July.

96

90

148

no

, 78

90

90

90

93d

1,220

984

896

913

814

724

618

520

484

415

314

294

199

190

164

148

118

103

96

90

103

103

Aug.

96

140

173

132

118

110

140

118

78

78

90

72

110

110

68

' 68

90

103

103

96

90

90

190

190

264

236

199

182

164

118

164

Sept.

173

132

96

96

90

110

68

68

63

63

59

59

68

68

68

68

68

59

59

55

51

, 51

51

44

44

164

182

182

164

 90

o Discharge interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Nov. 15-30 and Dec. 4 to March 12, estimates based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means 

of one discharge measurement and climatic data.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for the year ending

8ept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 140 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

December. ..............................

April...................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

/ 

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

96

896 

1,680 

304 

1,220 

264 

182

1,680

Minimum.

21 ' 55

118 

140 

284 

103 

78 

68 

44

' 19

Mean.

39.5 

99.1 

63.2 

91.9 

309 

235 

481 

758 

155 

362 

128 

87.1

234

Per 

square 

mile.

0.282 

.708. 

.452 

.657 

2.21 

1.68 

3.44 

5.41 

1.11 

2.59 

.914 

.622

1.67

' Eun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33 

.79 

.52 

.76 

2.30 

- 1.94 

3.84 

N 6.24 

1.24 

2.99 

1.05 

.69

22.69

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

BRANCH LAKE NEAR ELLS WORTH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Branch Pond Lumber Co.'s mill at lower end of Branch Lake, 5 miles

northwest of Ellsworth. 

AREA OF LAKE SURFACE. 4.33 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 29,1909, to March 31,1915, when station was discontinued. 

GAGE. Vertical staff nailed to corner of mill near intake to wheels. x 

ALTITUDE. Altitude as determined by United States Geological Survey, 236 feet

above sea level, which was assumed as height of water surface at time of Union

River surveys. 1

Daily gage height, in feet, of Branch Lake near Ellsworth, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.................

2.................

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

Oct.

1.2

1.0

Nov.

0.4

'

Jan.

0.7

1.05

i.i

Feb.

1.9

1.8

Mar.

q A

OS

3.2

3.05

q ne

3.1

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.2

Day.

16.................

17.................

18.................

1Q

20.................

21.................

22.................

23.................

24.................

25.................

26.................

27.................

28.................

29.................

30.................

31.................

Oct.

0.8

.6

Nov. Jan.

0.7

Vr

1.85

'Feb.

1 9

9 1

2

0

2 1

2 1

2

QC

9 Q

3.0

Mar.

3

O

3

O

3 O

3 1 5

3

t

3

1

3

t

3.1

3 1

Q 1

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.15

PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

WEST BRANCH OP PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET, MAINE. x

LOCATION. At Quakish Lake dam and Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper Co. 

at Millinocket, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,880 square miles.

RECORDS IVAILABLE. January 11,1901, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder at Quakish Lake dam and gages in the fore bay and 

tailraces at the mill.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow computed by considering the flow over the 

dam, the flow through the wheels, and the water used from time to time through 

the log sluices and niters. The wheels were rated at Holyoke, Mass., before being 

placed in position and were tested later by numerous tube-float and current-meter 

measurements. When the flow of the river is less than 2,500 second-feet, all the 

water generally flows through the wheels of the mill.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Dams at outlets of North Twin and Chesuncook lakes store water on a 

surface of about 65 square miles, with 9, capacity of about 32 billion cubic feet. 

Except during the time (usually in August) when excess water has to be supplied 

for log driving on the river below Millinocket and for a short time during the 

spring freshet, run-off is regulated by storage. Results corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Results obtained and computations made by engineers of Great 

Northern Paper Co.

i U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 281, p. 57,1912.
PEBTOBSCOT BASI2ST. 23

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

\

[Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

2,300 

2,280 

2,230 

2,230 

2,060 

1,700 

1,740 

2,240 

2,260 

2,470 

2,680 

2,270

2,200

Corrected for storage .

Mean.

1,260 

1,730 

1,140 

656 

64J 

 1,500 

5,370 

7,600 

3,030 

2,280 

925 

927

2,260

Per

square 

 mile.

0.670 

.920 

.606 

.349 

.341 

.798 

2.86 

4.04 

1.61 

1.21 

.492 

.493

1.20

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.77 

1.03 

.70 

.40 

.35 

.92 

3.19 

4.66 

1.80 

1.40 

.57 

.55

16.34

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge 1,000 feet below the mouth of Piscataquis 

River and 3 miles west of Enfield railroad station, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1902, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of left bridge abutment, used since December 11, 1912; standard chain gage on upstream side of 

bridge; gages get to same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from, bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at gage broken by four bridge piers; straight above 

and below the gage; banks high and rocky and not subject to overflow. The control is at Passadumkeag Rips, about 5 miles below the gage; a wing dam at this 

point overflows at about gage height 5.5 feet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge estimated by 

comparison with records at Sunkhaze Rips.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year (water-stage recorder): 12.9 

feet on May 2 (discharge, 53,800 second-feet); minimum discharge occurred at 

gage height of 3.47 feet at 2 a. m. January 5 (discharge, 2,470 second-feet; discharge 

relation affected by ice).

DIVERSIONS. Flow since 1900 largely controlled by storage, principally in the lakes 

tributary to the West Branch.

REGULATION. The operation of a dam 1 mile above the gage and also one on the 

Piscataquis near its mouth and storage on the West Branch of the Penobscot do 

not cause diurnal fluctuation except for short periods on Sunday/ Results not 

corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Results good, the rating curve being well defined and gage-height record 

reliable.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records and several discharge measurements furnished 

by Thomas W. Clark; hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine. Several discharge 

measurements were made by students of the University of Maine under the direction of Prof. H. S. Boardman.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 3

3

7

7

10

10

29

29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet.

2.43

2.43

2.35

2.35

2.29

2.28

2.02

2.132

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,380

4,530

3,770

3,950

4,020

4,000

3 4QO

3,610

Date.

July 23

23

23

30

Made by 

T. W.Clark... .........

G.C. Danforth.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.84

4.15

4.52

2.51

3.75

3.75

3.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,640

8,090

9,390

4,300

7,270

7,570

6,940

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ......

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14........

15........

16........ 

17........

18........ 

19........

20........

21........ 

22........

23........

24........ 

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........ 

30........

31........

Oct.

4,390 

'4,280

4,170

3,840 

3,630

3,630

3,950

3,730

3,840

3,840

3,630

3,330

3,330

3,330 

3,230

3,430 

3,430

3,430 

3,530

3,730

4,280 

4,500

4,280

3,950 

3,730

3,630

3,430

3,530

3,530 

3,630

4,060

Nov.

4,610 

4,500

4,390

4,500 

4,500

4,280

4,170

4,060

3,630

3,430

3,840

4,060

3,840

3,730

3,530

3,630

5,770

6,910 

6,140

5,420

5,770 

5,770

5,070

4,730 

5,300

5,190

5,420

5,070

4,500 

4,390

Dec.

4,500 

4,730

4,730

5,190 

5,530

5,070

4,280

4,610

4,960

4,960

5,070

4.610

4,500

4,060 

3,730

3,330 

3,730

3,950 

3,950

3,730

3,630 

3,430

3,230

3,430 

3,530

3,630

3,630

3,630

3,630 

3,630

3,630

Jan.

3,330 

3,230

3,130

2,850 

2,570

2 OKA

3,530

4 060

4^060

3 QCfl

3 84O

3 73ft

3 840

3*730 

3,630

3,630 

3,530

3,330 

4,280

6,260

7,570

7,840

7 440

6*650 

6,010

5,770

6,010 f, son

5,770 

6,010

5,890

Feb.

4,960 

5,080

5,080 

4,960

5»D80

4,840

4,730

4,840

5,080

A QfiO

4

OAf\

4

QAA

4,960

A 730

5,080

6,780 

7 040

6,650

6,140

5,770

5,770 Soon

12,600

18,800

20,100

........

Mar.

17,000 

16,600

15,600

13,700 

12,300

11,500

10,800

10,000

9,270

8,680

8,260

7,710

7 O40

7,040

S

fiKfl

5,650 

6,010

5,890 

5,650

5,420

5,190 

5,190

5

KA(Y

5,890 

6,650

6,910

7,570

6,780

6,520 

6,650

6,650

Apr.

6,780 

7,300

7,570

7,170 

6,650

7,980

8,260

8,680

10,000

12,000

13,300

19,700

35,400

33,200 

90 finn

26,800 

26,500

26,800 

26,000

25,200

24,200 

22,500

19,900

17,BOO 

16,600

17,200

19,300

21,100 

9<i fum

May.

38,400 

52,700

48,200

47,800 

51,000

47,800

43,700

41,000

41,400

37,400

32,500

28,200

26,000

23,000 

21,100

18, gOO 

18,200

16,600 

16,000

15,800

14,300 

13,900

12,800

11,300 

11,300

11,500

13,200

14, gOO

13,900

10 CAft

12,000

June.

11,500 

11,000

10,000

9,420 

8,680

8,400

7,980

7,440

7,300

7,840

8,260

8,120

7,710

7,040 

7,570

8,540 

8,830

8,830 

8,680^

7,840

7,710

7,570

7,440

7,710 

7 980

7,840

7,300

7,170 

7 040

........

July.

7,040 

6,910

7,040

6,520 

6,260

6,390

7,170

 6,910

13,500

29,300

24,700

19,700

18.000

16,200 

14,600

13,200 

12,000

12,100 

11,800

11,600

11,100 

10,000

9,570

9,120

8

KAf\

7,710

7,980

7,570

7,300 

7,710

7,570

Aug.

7,170 

6,780

6,910

7,440 

"7,040

7,040

7,040

6,910

6,520

7,040

8,830

9 170

8,260

7,170 

6,780

6,390 

6,780

7,040 

7,040

6,650

6,260 

5,890

6,140

7,040 

9,720

9,720

9,420

8,400

7,440 

6,520

6,390

Sept.

6,140 

5,770

5,530

5,420 

5,300

'4,840

4,960

4,840

5,300

5,300

5,300

5,070

4.500

4,390 

4,500

4,390 

4,390

4,390 

4,390

4,060

4,390 

5,190

7 040

6,910 

6,140

5,770

5,890

7,710

7,440 

6,910

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by log jam 

Oct. 1,1914, and by ice from Nov. 18 to Apr. 1; discharge estimated by comparison with records at Sunk 

Haze rips, by means of a redaction factor obtained by comparison of records representing normal conditions.
PENOBSCOT EIVEE feASIff. . ' 25

of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 

30,1915.

[Drainage area, 6,600 square miles.]

Month.

October .................................

April...................................

May.....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,500 

6,910 

5,530 

7,840 

20,100 

17,000 

35,400 

52,700 

11,500 

29,300 

9,720 

7,710

52,700

Minimum.

3,230 

3,430 

3,230 

2,570 

4,730 

5,190 

6,650 

11,300 

7,040 

6,260 

5,890 

4,060

2,570

Mean.

3,750 

4,670 

4,140 

4,650 

6,690 

8,370 

18,200 

26,000 

8,190 

11,100 

7,320 

5,410

9,060

Per 

square 

> mile.

0.568 

.708 

.627 

.705 

1X)1 

1.27 

2.76 

3.94 

1.24 

1.68 

1.11 

.820

1.37

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.65 

.79 

.72 

.81 

1.05 

1«46 

3.08 

4.54 

1.38 

1.94 

1.28 

.91

18.61

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and run-off in depth in inches shown by the 

able do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and 

run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from, 

year to year.

EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT GRINDSTONE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Bfangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge half a mile south of railroad sta 

tion at Grindstone, Penobscot County, one-eighth mile above Grindstone Falls, 

and about 8 miles above the mouth (atMedway).

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles; includes 270 square miles tributary to Chamberlain Lake.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 23,1902, to September 30,1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain/attached to railroad bridge; read twice a day by R. D. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; stream confined by abutments of 

bridge and broken by one pier at ordinary stages; velocity of current medium at 

moderate and high stages, but sluggish at low water.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.0 feet at 4.30 

p. m., Mayli (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 10,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 3.9 feet at 6.30 a. m. and 5 p. m. October 8 (discharge, 

from extension of rating curve, 160 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 

as 110 second-feet on December 28 and 29.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Several dams maintained at outlets of a number of lakes and ponds 

near source of river are regulated in the interests of log driving; during theN summer and iall gates are generally left open. The basin of the East Branch since 

about 1840 includes about 270 square miles of territory draining into Chamberlain 

Lake that formerly drained into the St. John River basin, the Diversion being 

made through what is known as the Telos canal. Results not corrected for storage and diversions.

ACCURACY. Discharge relation materially affected by backwater from log jams at 

station and at Grindstone Palls immediately below, and by ice during winter. 

Results probably- good for moderate and high stages but somewhat uncertain for 

low stages. ,
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&15, PART I.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. 'SO, 1915.

Bate.

Feb. 2

Mar. 5

Made by 

W.G.Hffl.... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«5.44

«6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

461

1,970

Date.

July 1

Made by 

W. G.Hffl.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,780

o Discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

id

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

185

185

185

185

185

185

185

160

185

210

240

210

210

185

185,

185

185

ol85

o315

405

360

315

315

315

275

275

275

275

338

590

Nov.

590

560

505

505

505

505

480

455

455

405

315

360

275

qi c

360

455

1,320

750

eqq

430

360

OQK

240

275

315

360

455

560

715

920

Dec.

715

560

405

382

360

338

315

275

210

210

210

210

210

172

160

ifift

160

160

160

150

140

130

120

120

120

110

110

120

120

Jan.

120

130

130

140

140

150

160

185

198

210

240

240

225

240

258

O7C

295

505

750

1

-IOA

1,020 Q9n

7on

680

620

590

560

455

405

315

Feb.

OEO

455

405

OQO

405

405

A on

455

y£0rt

y£0rt

AflK

405

405

4flc

At\K

505

680

560

505

480

<wn

2,120

5,660

5,120

4,490

4,090

Mar.

3,510

3,140

2,700

2,280

1 Qfifl

,1,740

1,520

1,380

1,250

1,130

970

875

7on

7Krt

715

680

680

650

620

CftA

560

505

Kf)K

505

505

505

Coq

Kfif\

560

eqo

505

Apr.

480

505

533

560

590

650

680

750

1,660

2,790

4,290

5,770

6,540

6,780

6,100

5,660

5,550

5,880

5,550

4,910.

4,700

4,390

3,510

3,140

2

7QA

2 Ton

3

»>On

3 &nn

3,510

2 7on

May.

3,230

3,990

5,120

6,890

9,880

9,380

8,770

8,530

8,050

7,580

6,430

5,330

4

onn

5,330

5,020

d QQrt

3 Ann

3,140

3 990

3

00rt

3,140

2,620

2 7on

2,620

2 280

9 Qfifl

3,050

4 9QO

4 ion

o4,240

4 9Qfl

June.

3,890

3,800

3,800

3,050

3,420

2,620

1,320

920

1,520

1 380

1,520

1,520

2,620

3,510

3,510

3 7no

3,420

3,510

3,140

3,140

3 140

3 Ann

3,510

2 540

o ocn

o ion

i can

1 960

1

* oftn

July.

1,960

2,280

1,660

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,250

2,620

5,990

4 4Qfl

2,360

2 Qftn

2 lOrt

1,740

1,380

2

f\Af\

2,280

9 IWI

2 fidn

I

qon

1 450

I

3 Ron

1,520

1,520

1 1Q(1

1,130

1 l^in

1,020

Aug.

1,190

1,450

1,520

1 3KO

1,250

1,130

1,020

970

920

1,080

1 380 '070

7ert

Tin

750

680

750

7CA

7CM1

680

620

620

715

875

830

790

650

533

43ft

Af\K

405

Sept.

360

360

360

360

360

338

OQC

275

275

275

97s;

258

240

240

240

240

9jWI

240

OOK

210

OXA

505

KQf\

4£A

505

680

1,450

1 '875 190

790

o Discharge interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 400 and 8,000 second-feet. 

Discharge relation affected by ice from Nov. 20 to Apr. 11; estimates based on gage heights corrected for 

backwater by means of two discharge measurements and climatic data.
PENOBSCOT EIVEE BASIF.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.}

Month.

July......................................

 Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

590 

1,320 

715 

1,130 

5,660 

3,510 

6,780 

9,880 

3,890 

5,990 

1,520 

1,450

9,880

Minimum.

160 

240 

110 

120 

258 

505 

480 

2,280 

920 

1,020 

405 

210

110

Mean.

248 

485 

228 

397 

1, 140 

1,080 

3,360 

4,940 

2,680 

1,920 

872 

432

1,480

Per 

square 

mile.

0.225 

.441 

.207 

.361 

1.04 

.982 

3.05 

4.49 

2.44 

1.75 

.793 

.393

1.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.49

.24 

.42 

1.08 

1.13 

3.40 

5.18 

2.72 

2.02 

.91 

.44

18.29

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

D. 

D.

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.

MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAG, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Maine Central Railroad bridge at village of Mattawamkeag, Penobscot County, half a mile above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,500 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1902, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain fastened to railroad bridge; read twice a day by W. T. Mincher. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge, which is slightly oblique to the

current; low-water measurements made by wading at a point about a mile above

station. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel at bridge broken by two

piers. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.2 feet at 7

a. m. and 5 p. m. May 6 and 7 (discharge,,from extension of rating curve, 16,400

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.7 feet October 14 and 15 (discharge, 123

second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Dams are maintained at outlets of several large lakes and ponds, but

the stored water is used only for log driving. 

ACCURACY. Discharge relation at times affected by backwater from log jams.

Results for open-water periods considered good. v

Discharge measurements of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by W. G. Hill.]

Date.

Feb. 4.. ......................... ...~1.. ..................................................

Mar. 9...................................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«6.25

"7.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

754

3,470

Discharge relation affected by ice.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY/ 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawarrikeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

2............

3............

4.. ..........

5.............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29...........:

30............

31............

Oct.

170

1 170

170

170

200

170

170

145

145

170

170

170

145

123

134

145

145

145

200

375

KQC

630

630

565

565

480

505

ditfi

450

400

450

Nov.

450

450

565

740

995

1,040

820

860

860

860

780

665

565

565

565

665

1,040

1,410

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

I

OKA

1,350

1 240

1 140

1*.240

1 *>4fi

1,140 i tun

Dec.

950

950

1,040

1,040

995

950

950

905

780

740

700

565

535

505

505

480

450

Af)K

400

375

OKA

VIS

wt

OQK

265

265

OfiX

265

OAK

265

265

Jan.

215

185

145

145

145

145

200

305

285

Ofif*

265

*>Qrt

9^n

200

200

185

170

350

565

nen

Acn

1 040

1 040

1*04S 'don

950

asn

950

905

905

860

Feb.

860

820

780

740

780

820

I

ftAfl

995

950

860

820

780

820

860

asn

995

1 fUft

1 090

1,090

1 1<ift

1,140

1 idrt

1

1QA

1 190

I QAn

2

ao(\

S oftft

4,090

Mar.

4,090

4,280

4,380

4,280

4,180

4,090

3,900

3,710

3^430

3,000

3,000

3,000

2,920

2,680

2,380

1,970

1,710

1,470

1,300

1,140

i natt

1,090

1,090

1,040

I

AQrt

1 140

1»1"90

1 Odfi

1,350

1-470

1,590

Apr.

1,780

1,970

2,170

2,380

2,460

2,530

2,600

2,680

2,760

2,840

4,580

6,480

7,600

9,030

9,960

10,100

10,400

9,690

9,690

9,690

9 49fi

8,770

7 600

6*360

6,140

5,920

6,720

7 600

9*030 in 4ftrt

May.

12,200

13.000

14,500

15,100

15,600

16,400

16,400

15,600

14,600

13,600

12,600

11,700

10,100

8,640

7,220

6,360

5,920

5,490

5,280

4,480

3,710

3,340

3,340

3,000

S flflft

3,080

3,620

4 ftQA

3,900

3

QAA

3,710

June.

3,520

3,340

2,920

2,380

1,970

1,970

2,170

2,680

2,530

2,530

2,680

2,530

2,380

2,240

2,240

2,380

2,240

2,240

2,380

2,380

 > 94ft

2,100

1 R4f>

1,780

1,410

1,350

1,350

1 qen

1,470

1,470

July.

1,350

1,240

1,140

1,140

1,240

1,140

1,140

1,840

3,620

5,600

7,350

7,350

7,480

6,720

5,920

4,880

4,480

4,000

3,430

3,000

3,000

2,840

2,530

2,240

1 QAA

1,710

1,590

1,470

1,350

1,240

1,240

Aug.

1,240

1,140

1,090

1,040

950

860

780

700

630

700

780

905

1,040

1,040

950

995

1,040

950

950

950

950

950

950

950

1,040

1 140

1^240

1,240

1,140

1 '950 040

Sept.

860

780

630

630

630

565

630

630

565

565

565

505

505

505

565

565

505

450

505

505

630

740

860

950

1,090

1,300

1,410

1,650

1,710

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 

5 to Apr. 9; estimates based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of two discharge measurements and climatic data.

Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Month.

February. ...............................

April.., .................................

May..... ................................

July.....................................

September...............................

The year ................'..........

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

630 

1,470 

1,040 

1,040 

4,090 

4,380 

10,400 

16,400 

3,520 

7,480 

1,240 

1,710

16,400

Minimum.

123 

450 

265 

145 

740 

1,040 

1,780 

3,000 

1,350 

1,140 

. 630 

450

123

Mean.

295 

985 

560 

515 

1,260 

2,400 

6,310 

8,500 

2,200 

3,070 

979 

757

2,320

Per 

square 

mile.

0.197 

.657 

.373 

.343 

.840 

1.60 

4.21 

5.67 

1.47 

2.05 

.653 

.505

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.23 

.73 

.43 

.40 

.87 

1.84 4.70' 

6.54 

1.64 

2.36 

.75 

.56

21.05

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A,
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 29

PISCATAQUIS RIVEE NEAR FOXCROFT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Low's highway bridge, about halfway between Guilford and Foxcroft, Piscataquis County, three-fourths mile above the mouth of Black Stream

and 3 miles below Mill Stream. ' * 

DRAINAGE AREA. 286 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1902, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGE. Staff attached to left abutment of bridge; read to tenths twice a day by A. F.

D. Harlow. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from the bridge; at

low stages made by wading either above or below the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks are high and are overflowed

only during extreme floods. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet at 4.30

p. m. February 26 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 9,500 second-feet);

minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet at 7 a. m. October 6 (discharge, 12 second-feet). 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during some winters; open-water

rating curve used during winter of 1914-15. * 

REGULATION. The stream is used to develop power at several manufacturing plants

above the station. ' 

ACCURACY. Discharge relation at low stages considerably affected by the irregular

use of the water at the mills; during some winters it/is also affected by ice; at

times affected by backwater from log jams, although little log driving is now

done on the river. 

' No discharge measurements were made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..... .........

5..............

6..............

7:.............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16:.............

17. ..^.. ........

18..............

19..............

20...............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

Sl.i............

Oct.

19

19

19

19

19

15

19

22

19

19

24

24

22

\22

22

22

28

22

40

81

90

123

90

90

58

90

123

72

58

51

51

Nov.

51

51

58

58

36

24

24

51

40

19

19,

19

19

19

19

100

638

437

292

180

64

123

51

51

51

51

51

22

17

, 51

1

Dec.

90

90

90

318

244

244

148

136

136

136

100

58

58

72

100

136

136

72

58

64

51

58

164

164

58

180

220

220

148

58

58

Jan.

164

180

180

180

318

318

406

292

604

674

938

1,020

782

782

980

470

346

782

858

2,020

2,280

2,280

1,960

1,210

1,210

1,300

1,300

1,350

1,460

1,210

1,210

Feb.

1,210

674

674

674

604

604

604

536

536

980

980

980

709

604

898

1,210

1,720

1,670

1,510

1,300

1,210

858

746

437

858

7,810

7,610

5,940

Mar.

5,080

4,520

3,970

3,610

3,020

2,490

2,220

1,720

1,720

1,780

1,780

1,720

1,110

1.020

1,020

782

858

858

. 709

604

437

569

604

604

502

1.020

980

746

709

536

536

Apr.

470

502

536

374

502

536

502

858

1,110

1,720

1,720

4,700

7,110

3,350

2,150

2,080

2,560

3,020

3,020

3,020

3,100

'2,860

2,220

1,560

1,670

2,020'

2,150

1,620

1,020

2,280

May.

7,510*

6,130

3,880

3,100

2,420

1,620

1,510

1,300

1,210

1,160

938

746

709

536

502

502

470

470

470

374

374

374

318

346

346

346

346

346

346

346

220

June.

267

90

90

64

51

64

*

58

58

58

58

58

51

58

58

72

136

136

100

58

58

58

374

374

374

318

244

81

81

July.

100

180

180

180

267

267

220

220

3,520

2,640

1,460

980

709

437

374

536

536

569

569

536

470

267

164

200

164

164

136

136

164

164

164

Aug.

148

220

220

220

220

267

.267

638

638

746

746

674

437

437

709

1,510

1,110

782

569

502

374

374

604

2,220

1,720

1,350

1,110

858

709

638

536

Sept.

406

374

374

346

318

267

267

267

318

318

180

180

180

148

148

148

318

292

292

318

267

1,300

1,HO

746

437

502

569

569

406

292

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 20 and 4,000 second-feet, and 

verified by several discharge measurements made in October, 1915. Discharge relation possibly affected 

by ice at various times during January and February and by logs Sept. 22-30; open-water rating applied 

throughout the year.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 286 square miles.]

Month.

i

March...................................

April ...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

123

638 

318 

2,280 

7,810 

5,080 

7,110 

7,510 

374 

3,520 

2,220 

1,300

7,810

Minimum.

15 

17 

51 

164 

437 

* 437 

374 

220 

51 

100 

148 

148

15

Mean.

45 

90 

125 

938 

1,580 

1,540 

2,010 

1,270 

122 

538 

695 

389

774

Per

square 

mile.

0.157 

.315

.437 

3.28 

5.52 

5.38 

7.03 

4.44 

.426 

1.88 

2.43 

. 1.36

2.71

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.18 

.35 

.50 

3.78 

5.75 

6.20 

7.84 

5.12 

.48 

2.17 

2.80 

1.52

36.69

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

0. 

C. 

B, 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A, 

A.

KENDUSKEAG 'STREAM NEAR BANGOR, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Sixmile Falls, about 6 miles northwest of Bangor, 

Penobscot County, and 7 miles below Black Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 191 square miles. During freshets a part of the water of Souadabscook Stream finds its way through an artificial cut into'Black Stream.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1908, to September 30, 1915. Data also in 

annual reports' of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain attached to the bridge; read twice a day by Fred Cort.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.9 feet at '7.10 

a. m. February 27 (discharge from extension of rating curve and correction for 

backwater from ice, 4,250 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet October 11-16, inclusive (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 7 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. A number of years ago an artificial cut was made for log driving through 

a low divide between Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, which enters the 

Kenduskeag about 7 miles above the gaging station. During high stages of the 

Sousdabscbok part of its waters finds its way through the artificial cut into the 

Kenduskeag; at low stages of the Souadabscook all the flow continues down its 

own channel; Black Stream probably sends its waters only to the Kenduskeag.

ACCURACY. Results considered good for ordinary stages, uncertain above 2,500 

second-feet.

Discharge measurements of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by W. G. Hill.]

Date.

Feb. 3... .........................

May2. ...........................

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

a3.00

8.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

57

3 080

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

181

Discharge relation aflectedrby ice.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 31

Dtdly discharge, in second-feet, of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

 28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

7

7

7

7

7

7

12

18

25

25

25

34

34

34

34

34

30

30

40

45

45

Nov.

45

45

34

34

34

34

34

34

34.

34

25

25

3D

34

45

64

71

71

94

102

119

94

86

78

94

102

94

71

57

45

Dec.

30

25

34

45

51

57

57

57

57

57

45

45

45

57

71

71

Jan.

895

"795

«655

KOQ

0501

0431

a QQfl 0335

o305

o249

223

o538

ol 060

1*640

ol,370

01,060

0845

615

Mar.

o!99

199

«210

o221

431

o448

0466

a 484

501

o513

o526

KQO

Apr.

431

366

398

398

431

465

520

557

722

795

820

950

1,150

1,470

745

'655

845

795

845

820

678

431

414

305

398

448

700

655

655

895

May.

2,390

3,680

3,140

2,260

2,020

1,500

1,240

1,210

1,090

870

655

596

576

QOK

305

290

O7fi

OOA

OOQ

1QQ 

177

156

14.fi

156

156

OOQ

320

305

262

166

June.

128

110

11Q

119

102

86

71

57

64

102

110

78

110

110

110

86

128

177

177

211

211

166

146

128

137

128

110

119

137

July.

11Q

119

137

119 119

137

117

177

2,180

3,180

2,820

1,370

1,000

655

520

448

465

414

335

305

236

211

188

166

166

199

177

156

156

166

156

Aug.

166

146

Iftft

188

166

146

156

156

911

211

166

223

249

OOQ

262

557

501

398

276

276

305

414

520

465

615

845

795

501

305

262

Sept.

OfiO

211

Oil

177

177

166

156

 146

128

119

137

137

110

78

64

110

102

94

71

71

51

119

156

177

177

177

223

211

223

199

a Estimated.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 10 and 1,000 second-feet but 

uncertain above 2,500 second-feet. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17 to Jan. 6 and Jan. 25 to Mar. 

19; estimates based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of one discharge measurement and 

climatic data. s

Monthly discharge of Kenduskeag*Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

45 

119 

71 

1,640 

4,250 

2,180 

1,470 

3,680 

211 

3,180 

845 

262

4,250

Minimum.

"7 

25 

25 

18 

57 

156 

 305 

146 

57 

119 

146 

51

7

Mean.

20.2 

58.8 

47.2 

45S 

608 

456 

659 

825 

122 

540 

326 

148

?55

Per 

square 

mile.

0.106 

.308 

.247 

2.40 

3.18 

2.39 

3.45 

4.32 

.639 

2.83 

1.71 

.775

1.86

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.34 

.28 

2.77 

3.31 

2.76 

3.85 

4.98 

.71 

3.26 

1.97 

.86

25.21

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. -B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
32 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I. 

ST. GEORGE RIVER BASIN.

ST. GEQRGE KIVEK AT UNION, MAINE.

LOCATION. 200 feet below tailrace of electric plant of Dirigo Power Co., half a mile 

below outlet of Sennebec Lake and a mile above Union, Knox County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 116 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 11, 1913, to December 31, 1914.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage bolted to tree on left bank; read once a day by G. E. Hills.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 50 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rock and gravel; shifting.

REGULATION. Dam of Dirigo Power Co. is about 1,000 feet above station; on the 

completion of the electric plant, now in course of construction, the regimen of the 

stream will be more or less affected by night storage.

ACCURACY. Results considered good for period for which they are published.

Discharge measurements of St. George River near Union, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 6

Apr. 22

22

23

Made by 

W.G.E111.. ...........

.....dt). ................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

feet. 

1 60

3.68

3.68

3.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3.2

168

153

154

Date.

Apr. 23

May 4

4

24

M,ade by 

W. G. Hill.............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

£B.

Feet. 

3.64

4.80

4.80

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

157

642

637

159

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. George River near Union, Maine, for the period

Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1914.

Day.

1..... ...................

2........................

3........................

^. ........ ...............

&........................

6... .....................

7........................

8... ....................

9........................

10........................

11........................ 12............:........ .

13........................

14........................

15........................

Oct.

15

15

15

15

15

3

15

15

15

15

15

13

13

13

13

Nov.

13

10

15

1 t\

1 t\ '

15

1^

10

10

13

15

15

15

13

13

Dec.

13

21

13

21

13

13

29

15

29

15

21

33

33

21

21

Day.

16........................

17..................'......

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22........................

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28... ...............j.....

29........................

30........................ Q-l

Oct.

13

13

15

15

15

18

18

18

15

15

13

13

13

10

10

10

Nov.

13

15

13

15

13

15

13

13

13

13

10

10

10

10

10

Dec.

. 37

68

68

68

56

62

62

62

 62

62

62

62

62

56

56

56

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating well defined for period for which it was used. Discharge 

relation probably not affected by ice.
KENNEBEC EIVEE BASIN. 33

Monthly discharge of St. George River near Union, Maine, for the period Oct. 1 to Dec.

SI, 1914.

[Drainage area, 116 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18 

15

68

Minimum.

3 

10 

13

Mean.

13.8 

13.0 

41.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.119 

.112 

.353

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).-

0.14 

.12 

.41

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN.

MOOSEHEAD LAKE AT EAST OUTLET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wharf at east outlet of lake, about 8 miles from Kineo, Somerset 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,240 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1895, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Staff at end of boat landing; two datums have been used at east outlet; the 

first (or original datum) is at elevation 1,011.30 feet above mean sea level and 

approximately 10 feet below sills of outlet gate?; gage is read to this datum; the 

second, to which all gage readings published to and including 1911 have been 

referred, is 10 feet higher; that is, the zero is at the sill of the gates; as it is believed 

that low water may go below the sill of the gates (zero of second datum), gage 

heights since 1$12 are published as read that is, to original datum.

REGULATION. The lake is regulated to a capacity of 23,735,000,000 cubic feet. The 

dam at the east outlet is controlled by 35 gates; the sills of 15 old gates are at 

gage height 10 feet (original datum) and the sills of 2Q gates at gage-height 8 feet 

(original datum). At extreme low stages the flow from the lake is controlled 

not by the gates but by a bar above the dam at an approximate gage height of 9 

feet (original datum). The records show only fluctuations in the level of the lake 

and are used in the studies of regulation of the lake and in computing the natural flow of the Kennebec at The Forks station.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by Hollingsworth & WMtney Co.

60411° WSP 401-^-17 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

: 6..............

7..............

W.. ............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16:.............

17..............

18..............

ID

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

56..............

27..............

29

30..............

31.. ...... .......

Oct.

12.4

12.2

12.15

12.15

12.1

12.1

11.95

12.1

12.1

12.1

12.1

12. t)

11.95

Nov.

12.0

12.0

11.95

n o

11.85

ii.8

11.8

11.8

H e

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.8

Dec.

11.8

11.8

n

o

n

o

11.75

11.75

11.7

11.7

11.65

11.6

11.6

11.55

11.5

Jan.

10.0'

11.5

11.45

ii.4

11.35

11.35

n

o

ii.25

U o

n

o

11.3

11.3

11.3

Feb.

11.2

11.2

11.2

11.2

11.2

11.1

11.1

11.05

11.0

11.0

11.05

Mar.

11.25

11.2

11.3

11.45

11.5

11.55

11.6

11.65

11.6

11.65

11.65

11.75

11.7

11.7

Apr.

11.75

11.7

11.75

11.8

12.0

12.3

12.5

10 o '

12.95

13 1

13.35

10 7

14.0

May.

14.45

14.9

15.05

15.6

15.55

15.65

15.65

15.75

15.6

15.7

15.75

15.75

15.6

June.

15.6

15.6

15.5

15.5

15.4

15.4

15.35

15.35

15.35

15.25

is. i

15. Q

July.

14.9

14.85

15.0

15.1

15.15

15.2

15.2

1511

15.0

14.9

14.85

14.7

Aug.

14.6

14.55

14.35

14.3

14.3

14.3

14.4

14.5

14.5

14.45

14.6

14.7

14.7

Sept.

14.7

14.7

14.55

14.5

14,5

14.4

14.35

14.3

14.2

14.2

14.3

,

14.4

14.15

KENNEBEC RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wooden highway bridge about 2,000 feet above Dead River, Somerset 

County.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,570 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 28, 1901, to September 30, 1915. Data also in 

annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Chain on bridge, a vertical staff on timber retaining wall on left bank 75 

feet above bridge, and a Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder, used during 

summer months only, on left abutment; recorder, set to read the same as chain 

gage at low water, but gives lower readings than chain gage at high water. Chain 

gage read once a day by S. C. Durgin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.7 feet at 7 a. m. v 

May 7 (discharge, 9,520 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot at 7 a. m. 

April 5 (discharge, 300 second-feet).

WINTER wxvw. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by storage in Moosehead Lake. During May, June, 

July, and August the operation of Indian Pond for log driving causes a large 

diurnal fluctuation. Records of monthly discharge have been reduced to 

natural flow by adding or subtracting the amount of water stored in or released 

from Moosehead Lake.
KESTSTEBEC EIVEE BASIN. 35

Discharge measurements of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, during/ the yeosr enMng

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Madeby W.a. HUL]

Date. x

\ 

Feb. 24 .................................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 2. 62

' 1.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

916

508

a Discharge relation affected by i<#.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

n. .............

18... ...........

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28...............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,290

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,220

1,220

1,180

l'l80

1,180

1,130

1,090

1,150

1,250

1,280

1,550

1,490

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,210

1,180

1,110

1,180

1,180

Nov.

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,100

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,070

1,070

770

570

450

840

990

1,110

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,160

1,160

1,160

Dec.

1,070

1,070

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,110

1,110

1,110

1.070

1,110

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,240

1,240

1,240

1.240

1,240

1,160

1,070

QKA

1,240

1,280

1,330

1,380

1,430

1,330

Jan.

1,240

1.160

1,070

1,070

1,430

1.240

1,200

1,160

1,030

990

990

990

QQn '915

840

770

700

770

950 

915

915

915

915

880

QA(\

840

840

770

770

770

770

Feb.

770

770

770

840

880

840

840

770

770

770

840

840

770

840

840

840

915

915

840

950

840

840

840

840

Qon

1,030

950

915

Mar.

915

915

915

915

915

880

880

915

770

700

635

600

600

570

570

635

700

770

950

990

1,070

1,070

1,070

880

770

510

395

570

770

770

770

Apr.

770

700

635

370

300

320

320

345

450

510

700

1,430

3,320

2,880

2,080

2,020

2,200

2,270

2,140

2,460

2,200

1,910

1,740

990

1,160

1,430

1,740

1,240

2,270

2,200

May.

1,330

1,200

2,460

4,150

4,690

4,320

4,500

4,690

3,980

3,810

3,610

5,080

4,870

4,850

4,450

4,110

3,760

3,670

3,850

3,920

3,380

2,490

2,950

3,160

2 600

2,940

3,720

3,700

2,790

2,930

2,670

June.

2,740

2,720

2.710

2,790

2,500

2,450

2,510

2,550

2,550

2,560

2,580

2,490

2,480

2,600

2,770

2,530

2,490

2,840

1,820

2,350

1,830

2,600

2,780

2,010

2 4ftfi

3,180

2,570

2,510

2,680

2,710

July.

2,680'

2,550

2,470

2,630

2,550

2,610

3,160

4,070

1,940

1,790

1,450

2,690

3,860

4,320

4,050

'4,040

3,650

3,890

3,730

3,870

3,960

3,750

3,480

3,150

3

OAA.

3,430

3,490

3,670

3,060

3,230

2,810

Aug.

2,640

2,700

2,740

2,660

3,160

3,060

3,120

2,440

2,500

3,200

4,260

1,720

1,160

980

910

1,050

1,000

885

790

1,440

1,660

1,630

1,380

1,040

Qlfl

845

805

700

665

635

1,590

Sept.

2,410

2,540

2,460

2,160

1,970

1,910

1,850

1,780

1,740

1,530

1,740

1,970

1,970

2,300

1,890

2,000

2,550

2*540

2,190

2,120

''2,150

2,530

1,310

830

680

600

610

1,000

1,470

2,070

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve, a table of relation being used to convert 

discharge rating for chain gage to a corresponding rating for water-stage recorder. Discharge Nov. 16, to 

May 10 and Sept. 9-11 based on chain-gage readings; that for rest of year on water-stage recorder. Discharge relation affected by ice from Dec. 23 to Mar. 21; estimates based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of one discharge measurement and climatic data.
36

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 

*e of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

0/) 1Q 1C tJl/j J.&J.O.

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.]

Month.

October....................................................

December. .................................................

February. .................................................

March ...

April. .....................................................

May.......................................................

July.......................................................

August ....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

1,250 

1,040 

1,190 

957 

852 

787 

1,440 

3,570 

2,540 

3,200 

:L,750 

:L,830

:i,7io

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

720 

800 

840 

665 

787 

1,370 

4,230 

5,470 

1,800 

2,780 

1,810 

1,160

1,880

Peisquare 

mile.

0.459 

.510 

.535 

.424 

.501 

.873 

2.69 

3.48 

1.15 

1.77 

1.15 

.739

1.20

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area). .

0.53 

.57 

.62 

.49 

.52 

1.01 

3.00 

4.01 

1.28 

2.04 

1.33 

.82

16.22

KENNEBBC RIVER AT WATERVI <LE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam and mill of Hollingsworth & Whitney Co. at Waterville, Kennebec County, 2 miles above Sebasticook River and about 3J miles above Messalonskee Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE . March 22, 1892, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Rod gages in pond above dam and in tailrace of mill.

DETERMINATION op DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from flow over dam, through 

the logway, and through wheels of the mill. When flow is less than about 3,500 

second-feet all the water is used through the wheels.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not, as a rule, affected by ice; in most years winter 

flow passes through wheels of mill.

REGULATION. Numerous power plants and much storage above station; results not 

corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and estimates of daily discharge furnishe.d by Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.
KENNEBEC EIVEE BASIN. 37

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at WatervilU, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7... ..........

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29............. 

30.............

31.............

Oct.

1,480 

1,550 

1,840 

061,980 

2,120

1,810 

2,240 

1,990 

1,960 

1,600

0890 

2,050 

1,910 

1,960 

1,960

1,700 

1,660 

0840 

2,416 

2,420

3,610

2', 710

ol,440

2,550 

3,290 

2,810 

2,010 

2,490 

2,170

Nov.

o792 

2,610 

2,720 

2,170 

2,440

2,540 

1,560 

ol,070 

2,370 

2,220

1,920 

1,920 

1,390 

2,030 

o503

2,190 

3,830 

4,840 

3,730 

2,230

1,840 

ol,440 

2,670 

2,700 

1,870

652 

2,730 

2,600 

ol,340 

2,320

Dec.

3,170 

3,110 

3,320 

3,620 

3,670

02,460 

3,900 

3,230 

2,980 

2,340

1,910 

1,670 

o825 

1,750 

1,880

2,020 

3,310 

1,160 

2,560 

 i 547

2,330 

2,320 

1,790 

1,130

686

1,650 

ol,160 

1,810 

2,120 

1,760 

1,670

Jan.

1,790 

2,010 

0946 

1,830 

1,950

1,690 

1,520 

3,120 

3,230 

ol,510

3,240 

2,590 

2,360 

2,400 

2,350

2,320 

o585 

2,680 

2,600 

4,430

"5,260 

4,980 

4,090 

ol,340 

3,430

3,650 

2,520 

2,620 

2,710 

2,640 

o858

Feb.

2,510 

2,380 

2,320 

2,220 

1/870

1,950 

ol,900 

3,140 

2,700 

2,820

2,940 

2,490 

2,480 

o955 

2,800

3,010 

3,500 

3,470 

3,530 

3,460

0834 

3,600 

2,690 

2,650 

2,580

20,700 

31,600 

ol7,800

.......

Mar.

16,700 

13,800 

12,700 

11,900 

9,840

8,980 

o6,910 

8,500 

7,290 

3,130

7,100 

4,550 

4,040 

o767 

4,800

4,370 

3,010 

3,780 

3,020 

3,060

ol,740 

6,370 

5,660 

6,190 

8,070

9,320 

14,000 

o6,020 

7,290 

6,840 

5,600

Apr.

3,770 

6,710 

7,890 

04,740 

7,100

7,240 

7,340 

6,850 

8,690 

15,900

017,500 

41,700 

28,800 

30,600 

28,300

21,300 

19,900 

24,500 

26,000

24,800

20,900 

22,300 

17,400 

14,800 

13,200

16,800 

22,600 

23,800 

22,500 

21,400

May.

35,000 

44,200 

35,800 

31,700 

30,100

30,200 

26,400 

23,800 

26,100 

24,700

25,900 

24,000 

18,600 

9,090 

18,900

17,600 

17 700 

15,100 

14,100 

13,800

14,100 

14,600 

18,300 

16,100 

15,900

14,600 

17,500 

12,800 

14,100 

09,430 

16,700

June.

13,900 

9,790 

9,090 

4,160 

4,260

ol,950 

4,940 

4,200 

4,230 

4,060

4,110 

4,090 

o2,080 

5,000 

4,090

3,990 

4,220 

4,090 

4,340 

o3,290

5,120 

5,950 

5 120 

3,710 

4,010

3,350 

0692 

5,140 

3,980 

3,940

Jflly.

3,950 

4,000 

3,770 

0972 

2,910

5,250 

5,440 

5,220 

13,900 

39,700

oll,100 

9,300 

10,800 

10,500 

10,700

10.700 

10,100 

o8,770 

10,600 

9,720

9,590 

8,370 

7,500 

6,830 

o3,900

6,840 

6,510 

5,580 

6,170 

4,800 

5,320

Aug.

04,380 

6,110 

6,860 

6,620 

6,480

5,930 

5,490 

o5,320 

5,770 

5,760

16,200 

14,600 

8,810 

6,360 

o5,370

5,590 

5,610 

5,630 

3,920 

3,980

4,030 

o641 

4,700 

4,440 

7,720

7,820 

6,470 

5,370 

03 330 

3,800 

3,220

Sept.

3,700 

3,810 

4,740 

4,640 

02,050

3,900 

3,000 

3,490 

2,970 

2,880

3,170 

ol,230 

3,670 

3,480 

3,450

2,580 

2,860 

3,180 ' 0998 

4,190

3,-650 

3,760 

6,240 

5,400 

4,120

0963 

3,910 

2,360 

2,540 

1,900

o Sunday. b Estimated.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 4,270 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,840 

4,840 

3,900 

5,260 

31,600 

16,700 

41,700 

44,200 

13,900 

39,700 

16,200 

6,240

44,200

Minimum.

840 

503 

547 

585 

834 

767 

3,770 

9.090 

692 

9^2 

641 

963

503

Mean.

2,190 

2, 170 

2,190 

2,560 

4,820 

6,950 

17,800 

20,900 

4,700 

8,350 

6,010 

3,290

6,840

Per 

square 

mile.

0.513 

.508 

.513 

.600 

1.13 

1.63 

4.17 

4.90 

1.10 

1.96 

1.41 

.770

1.60

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.57 

.59 

.69 

1.18 

1.88 

4.65 

5.65 

1.23 

2.26 

1.63 

.86

21.78

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the runoff hi depth in inches shown 

by the table do> not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held 

over from year to year.

DEAD RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. One-eighth mile above farmhouse of Jeremiah Durgin, 1J miles west of

The Forks, Somerset County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 878 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 29, 1901, to August 15, 1907; March 16, 1910, to

September 30, 1915. Data also in annual reports of Public Utilities Commission

of Maine. , GAGE. Staff bolted to large bowlder on left bank; read twice a day by Eva M.

Forsythe.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 700 feet above gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.35 feet at 2.30

p. m. February 27 (discharge relation affected by ice); maximum discharge during

year, 8,920 second-feet at 3.30 p. m. April 26; minimum stage recorded during

year, 0.6 foot, October 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (discharge, from extension of rating curve,

100 second-feet).

REGULATION. A number of dams on lakes above; used solely for log driving. 

ACCURACY. Results considered good for open-water periods. t

Discharge measurements of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending

Sept-. SO, 1915.

[Made by W. Q. Hill.]

 Date. l

Feb. 25.................................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 3.14

1.00

Discharge.

See.-ft.

386

366

Discharge relation affected by ice.
KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 3§[ I - 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dead Riv,er at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day. ,

1..............

^. .............

3.. ............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.. ...........

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

O1

Oct.

130

100

130

130

130

160

160

240

240

325

415

370

V><t

282

282

282

325

370

462

1,030

1,320

965

840

720

720

560

A\ K.

560

1,030

370

780

Nov.

370

610

462

462

462

510

462

370

415

415

415

415

510

370

325

370

510

610

720

370

370

370

415

, 462

462

415

510

780

720

840

Dec.

780

780

720

665

610

560

510

462

415

415

560

780

665

510

325

325

370

510

610

720

1,030

720

665

415

415

415

415

415

415

560

665

Jan.

510

370

240

240

240

240

240

462

720

510

325

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

370

610

965

415

415

415

415

415

415

415

415

415

415

Feb.

415

415

415

415

415

510

610

720

665

560

510

510

510

510

510

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

200

240

2

QQA

ft 1-lft

5,830

Mar.

5,530

5,240

5,100

4,»70

4,840

4,710

4.220

3,770

3,340

3,240

2,840

2,560

2,380

2,120

1,940

l'86U '2' 030

2,200

2 38Q

2,560

2,380

2,380

2,290

2 9Qn

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2

OAA

Apr.

2,030

1,860

1,700

1,540

1,390

1,240

1 3OA

1,620

2,120

2,380

3,040

3,140

7,130

5,980

2,470

2,030

4,710

4,840

2,840

2,380

4,840

4,100

3,660

3,770

3,880

4,710

4,580

2,470

2,750

2,560

May.

3,240

7,130

3,040

A. RAfi

4,710

3,340

3 440

3' 660

5,680

3,880

2 rein

1,940

1,700

1,320

1,540

1,540

1,240

902

665

415

415

780

902

780

610

560

510

510

510

462

370

June.

325

370

415

415

510

560

610

610

610

610

720

720

720

720

665

610

510

510

415

415

415

415

415

462

415

wrn

325

415

415

415

July.

51G

560

610

510

510

510

415

2 290

l',78Q

5,980

6,140

4,580

5,530

4,970

4,710

3,240

1,780

1,780

1,700

1,460

1,390

1,390

1,100

965

840

1,240

1,240

1,100

1,100

1,620

Aug.

1,390

1,240

1,320

1,540

1,240

965

1,100

,965

1,320

2,750

4,100

3.040

2,120

1,620

1,390

1,620

1,540

M9J

1,170

1,100

902

415

610

840

1,240

1,030

965

780

610

510

415

Sept.

510

510

415

370

3$5

324

370

415

415

4l5

415

415

415

462

370

370

370

370

32S

325

325

560

780

665

610

462

325

325

325

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well-denned rating curve. Discharge relation affected by 

ice Dec. 5-10 and Dec. 24 to Apr. 9; estimates based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of 

one discharge measurement and climatic data.

Monthly discharge of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the yea* ending Sept.

30,. 1915.

[Drainage area, 878 square miles.]

Month.

October .................................

March..................................

April...................................

May

June. ...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,320 

840 

1,030 

965 

6,140 

5,530 

7,130 

7,130 

720 

6,140 

. 4,100 

780

7,130

Minimum.

100 

325 

325 

160 

160 

i 1,70Q 

1,240 

370 

325 

415 

415 

325

100

Mean.

. 457 

483 

562 

365 

848 

2,970 

3,100 

2,020 

503 

2,010 

1,330 

425

1,260

Per 

square 

mile.

0.521 

.550 

.640 

.416 

.966 

3.38 

3.53 

2.30 

.573 

2.29 

1.51 

.484

1.44

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60 

.61 

.74 

.48 

1.00 

3.90 

3.94 

,2.65 

.64 

 2.«4 

1.74 

.54

19.48

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. A. ' 

A. 

A. 

B.
40 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 

SANDY RIVER NEAR FARMINGTON, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Fairbanks highway bridge, 3 miles above Farmington, Franklin

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 270 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11, 1910, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read once a day by L. A. Daggett. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; probably shifting. 

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. 

REGULATION. No storage basins above station; the water-power dam at Phillips may

affect flow at station slightly.

Discharge estimates withheld because of uncertainties regarding gage heights.

Discharge measurements of Sandy River near Farmington, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 27

Apr. 14

May 13

July 14

Made by 

W. G.Hill..................................................................

.....do........'..............................................................

W. G. Hill.................. ..............................................

&,

Feet. 

a 9. 66

5.52

3 7fl

2 *1

3.55

Dis- ^ 

charge.

Sec.-ft, 

2,230

1,540

Sftrt

95

382

o Discharge relation affected by ice. 

SEBASTICOOK RIVER AT PITTSFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge just above Maine Central Railroad bridge in 

Pittsfield, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 320 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27, 1908, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Chain attached to highway bridge; read twice a day by C. D. Morrill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks high and rocky and not 

subject to overflow; stream confined between the abutments of bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6'.2 feet at 6 a. m. 

, and 6.15 p. m. May 4 (discharge, 3,400 second-feet); mi-mitnim stage recorded, 

2.2 feet at 9 a. m. and 3.50 p. m. June 20 (water held back by mills; discharge, 

from extension of rating curve, 14 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice, as the rapid fall and the 

proximity of the power plant immediately above the station tend to keep the 

river open.

REGULATION. About 800 feet upstream from the station is the dam of the American Woolen Co. (Pioneer Mills) and the Smith Textile Co., and about one-half 

mile farther upstream is the dam of the American Woolen Go's Waverly Mills; 

the storage of water at these dams causes diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Owing to lack of information in regard to the stage at night, when the 

mills are shut down, table of daily discharge is not published. The tables show 

the discharge corresponding to gage heights at times of observation.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Danforth: 

September 2, 1915: Gage height, 3.85 feet; discharge, 672 second-feet.
KENNEBEC 41

Twice-daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasticook River at 

PittsfieM, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

. Day.

i..............

3..............

4........:.....

6..*...........

6..............

7..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

9*>

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28 .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..'.. ..........

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

October.

A.M.

Time.

6.00 

8.00 

7.00 

9.30 

X 5.55

6.00 

6.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

10.00 

6.10 

6.00 

 6.00 

6.00

6.10 

6.00 

10.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.10 

6.05 

6.00 

6.00 

9.00

6.00 

6.15 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00 

6.05

Gage 

height.

2.6 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.6 

2.6 

2.7 

2.7 

2.6

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.4 

2.4

Discharge.

97 

71 

71 

71 

71

97 

97 

125 

125 

97

50 

50 

50 

30 

30

30 

30 

30 

50 

50

30 

30 

30 

50 

50

50 

71 

71 

71 

50 

50

P.M.

Time.

5.10 

5.00 

6.00 

4.20 

4.05

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

5.00 

5.00 

4.30 

4.20 

4.30

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

4.00 

5.00

5.00 

4.00 

4.10 

4.00 

4.00

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.30 

4.30 

4.00

Gage 

height.

2.6 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.7

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.4

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3

2.3 

' 2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3

Discharge.

97 

71 

71 

71 

125

125 

125 

125 

125 

50

50 

50 

50 

30 

30

30 

30 

30 

50 

50

30 

30 

50 

50 

50

71 

71 

71 

50 

50 

30

December.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00

10.00 

9.00 

7.30 

8.00 

7.10

7.00 

8.00 

9.00 

7.00 

8.00

8.00 

12.00 

9.00 

8.00 

9.00

9.10 

7.30 

12.00 

7.0Q 

7.00

10.00

hS.

2.6 

2.7 

2.8 

2.7 

2.6

2.3 

2.6 

2.5 

2.5 

2.4

2.4 

2.8 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3

2.6

Discharge.

97 

125 

158 

125

97

30 

97 

71 

71 

50

50 

158 

30 

50 

50

50 

30 

30 

50 

50

50 

30 

50 

30 

30

97

P.M.

Time.

4.00 

4.00 

3.30 

4.00 

4.00

3.00 

3.00 

4.00 

3.30 

3.00

3.00 

3.45 

4.00 

3.00 

3.00

1.00

4.00 

4.00 

3.00

3.20 

4.00 

4.00 

3.00 

3.30

1.00

1.00 

12.30 

1.00 

1.00

hSt.

2.9

2.7 

2.8 

2.7 

2.4

2.3 

2.7 

2.6 

2.4 

2.4

2.8 

2.8 

2.3 

2.6 

2.5

2.3

2.4 

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3

2.5

2.5 

2.5 

2.3 

2.3

Discharge.

193 

125 

158 

125 

50

30 

125 

97 

50 

50

158 

158 

30 

97 

71

30

50 

50 

50

50 

30 

50 

30 

30

71

71 

71 

30 

30

November.

A.M.

Time.

9.00 

6.30 

6.20 

10.00 

6.00

12.30 

6.00 

12.00 

6.00 

7.00

6.10 

12.00 

12.00 

7.00 

10.00

6.40 

6.20 

9.00 

8.00 

9.00

6.40 

10.00 

6.30 

8.00 

8.30

10.00 

8.00 

8.00 

10.00 

7.00

hSl

2.3 

2.4 

2.4 

3.1 

2.4

3.1 

3.1 

2.3 

2.9 

2.9

2.7 

2.7 

2.9 

2.5 

2.4

3.1 

2.4 

2.5 

3.0 

3.1

3.1 

3.0 

3.1 

3.0 

3.1

2.5 

3.0 

2.4 

2.4 

2.7

Discharge.

30 

50 

50 

270 

50

270 

270 

30 

193 

193

125 

125 

193 

71 

50

270 

50 

71 

230 

270

270 

230 

270 

230 

270

71 

230 

50 

50 

125

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00

5.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.30

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

3.00 

4.00

3.00 

4.00 

4.00 

3.00 

4.00

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

3.45

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

3.10

hSl

2.3 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4

2.7 

2.4 

2.3 

2.9 

2.7

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.4 

2.4

3.1 

3.1 

2.4 

3.0 

3.1

3.1 

3.0 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1

2.5 

3.1 

^2.4 

2.4

2.7

Discharge.

30 

50 

50 

50 

50

125 

50 

30 

193 

125

125 

125 

125 

50 

50

270 

270 

50 

230 

270

270 

230 

270 

270 

270

71 

270 

50 

50 

125

January.

A.M.

Time.

,

11.45

8.00 

8.20 

8.00 

10.30 

8.00

7.45 

7.00 

8.00 

9.00 

8.00 

12.00

leight.

2.9

2.7 

2.9 

3.1 

2.6 

3.1

3.1 

3.1 

2.9 

2.6

2.8 

2.5

Discharge.

i93

125 

193 

270 

97 

270

270 

270 

193 

97 

158 

71

P.M.

Time.

1.00 

1.30

1.00 

12.30 

1.00 

1.00 

12.00

12.50

12.30 

1.50 

1.30

1.10 

12.00. 

1.40 

12.45 

1.00

12.30 

12.45

12.30

12.40 

12.15 

1.00 

12.15 

4.00

Gage 

height.

2.3 

2.4

2.9 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.4 

2.7

2.7 

2.3 

2.3 

2.7 

2.3

2.3 

3.0

2.9

2.9 

2.7 

2.7 

2.6

2.7

Discharge.

- 30 

50

193 

50 

30 

30 

50

50

50 

30 

125

125 

30 

30 

125 

30

30 

230

193

193 

125 

125 

97 

125
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Twice-daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasitcook 

Pittsfield, Maine, for the year ending Sept, 30,1915 Continued.

River at

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11............ .

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

February.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

9.00 

8.00 

7.45 

9.00

8.10

9.66 

9.10 

9.15

8.00 

8.20 

9.00 

9.00 

8.00

8.40 

8.15 

9.00 

8.00

9.15 

9.00 

8.00 

9.00

8.40 

7.40 

9.00

Gage 

height.

2.8 

2.8 

2.0

2

0 

. 0

2.8 

3.0

3.0 

3.1 

3.0

3.1 

1 2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

3.1

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1

3.1 

3.0 

2.9 

3.2

4.0 

4.4 4.-5

Discharge.

158 

158 

158 

158 

158

230

230 

270 

230

270 

193 

193 

193

270

270 

270 

270

270

270 

230 

193 

310

745 

1,140 

1,250

P.M.

Time.

12.30 

1.00 

1.00 

12.30 

1.00

1.40 

1.30 

12.45 

12.30 

1.00

12.45 

1.00 

1.45 

4.00 

1.00

1.00 

12.40 

1.00 

12.40 

2.10

12.00 

12.45 

12.15 

12.40 

12.45

12.45 

1.35 

1.00

Gage 

height.

2.6 

2.8 

2.4 

2.4 

2.9

2.9 

2.7 

3.0 

2.9 

2.9

' 2.9 

2.8 

2.8 

2.9 

2.8

3.0 

3.0 

3.1 

2.9

2.8

3.0 

3.0 

2.9 

2.3 

3.9

4.4

4.4 

4.5

Discharge.

97 

158 

50 

50 

193

193 

125 

230 

193 

193

193 

158 

158 

193

158

230 

230 

270 

193

158.

230 

230 

193 

30

668

1,140 

1,140 

1,250

April.

A.M.

Time.

6.30 

7.00 

6.15

6.20

8.00 

7.00 

6.10 

6.30 

6.00

6.20 

12.00 

7.00 

6.00

6.25 

6.30

6.10 

<Jl2. 40

6.15 

6.00 

12.00

7.00 

6.20 

6.20 

6.00 

1.00

Gage 

height.

3.5 

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.6 

3.7 

3.7 

3.9 

4.3

4.5 

4.9 

4.9 

4.S

4.8 

4.5

4.4 

4.4

4.3 

4.1 

4.0

3.8 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8

Discharge.

438 

438 

485

438

485 

540 

540 

668 

1,040

1,250 

1,710 

1,710 

1,590

1,590 

1,250

1,140 

1,140

1,040 

838

745

600 

600 

668 

600 

600

P.M.

Time.

12.15 

1.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00

1.00 

1.15 

3.00 

12.15 

4.00

12.00 

6.00 

4.00 

4.10 

1.00

1.00 

4.00 

12.00 

1.00 

4.00

1.00 

4.00 

6.00 

12.00 

12.00

6.10 

6.00 

1.10 

6.00 

6.00

Gage

3.5 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.9 

4.3

4.3

4.7 

4.9 

4.9 

4.8

4.8 

4.5 

4.5 

4.4 

4.3

4.1

4.1 

4.0 

4.0 

3.9

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8 

4.0

Discharge.

438 

485 

485 

438 

438

540 

540 

540 

668 

1,040

1,040 

1,470 

1,710 

1,710 

1,590

1,590 

1,250 

1,250 

1,140 

1,040

838 

838 

745 

745 

668

600

668 

600 

600

745

March.

A.M.

Time.

8.45 

9.00 

8.15 

10.00 

9.00

9.00

9.20 

6.20 

9.00

6.15 

9.00 

6.20 

9.00 

6.00

6.40 

12.10 

7.30 

9.00 

10.10

10.15 

9.00 

6.30 

6.10 

6.00

6.40 

9.00

Gage

height.

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

4.4 

4.2

4.2

4.2 

4.0 

3.8

- 3.8 

3.8 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5

3.5 

3.3 

3.2 

3.4 

3.3

3.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.3 

3.4

3.2

3.4

Di£H 

charge.

1,250 

1,250 

1,250 

1,140 

938

938

938

745 

600

600 

600 

485 

485 

438

438 

352 

310 

395 

352

310 

395 

352 

352 

395

310 

395

P.M.

Time.

1.00 

12.15 

12.15 

1.00 

12.20

4.00 

12.00 

5.00 

12.30 

12.40

1.00 

12.10 

1.00 

4.00 i.oa

1.00 

4.00 

12.15 

1.00 

5.00

4.00 

12.40 

1.00 

12.30 

12.10

12.00 

5.10 

4.00 

12.30 

12.40 

12.10

Gage 

height.

4.5 

4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.2

4.2 

4.1 

4.2 

4.0 

3.8

3.8 

3.8 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5

3.5 

3.3 

3.2 

3.4 

3.2

3.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.4 

3.4

3.3 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3.5

Discharge.

1,250 

1,140 

1,140 

1,140 

938

938

838 

938 

745 

600

600 

600 

485 

485 

438

438 

352 

310 

395 

310

310 

395 

352 

395 

395

352 

395 

395 

395 

438 

438

May.

A.M.

Time.

6.00 

8.20 

6.15 

6.00 

6.10

6.15 

7.10 

6.00 

9.00 

6.20

6.00 

5.45 

6.15 

6.10 

6.15

6.15 

6.00 

6.10 

^.10

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.10

6.00 

5.40 

6.10 

6.15

6.20

Gage 

height.

4.5 

5.5 

5.9 

6.2 

6.0

5.8 

5.6 

5.6 

5.5 

4.4

4.8 

4.7 

4.4 

4.1 

4.0

3.9 

3.7 

3.7

3.8

3.7 

3.6

3.4 

3.4

3.3 

3.1 

3.3 

3.1

3.i

Discharge.

1,250

2,460 

2,990 

3,400 

3,130

2,860 

2,590 

2,590 

2,460 

V40,

1,590

1,470 

1.140 

838 

745

668 

540 

540 

600

540

485

395 

395

352 

270 

352

270

' 270

P.M.

Time.

4.00 

4.00 

6.10 

6.15 

6.40

6.00 

6.40 

6.00

6.00

6.10 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

1.00

12.00 

6.00 

6.15 

5.40 

5.00

6.20 

6.10 

12.00 

6.20 

6.10

6.15 

6.30 

6.00 

4.00 

12.00 

6.10

Gage 

height.

5.3 

5.7 

6.0 

6.2 

5.8

5.7 

5.6 

5.5

5.2

4.8 

4.4 

4.3 

4.1 

4.0

4.0 

3.8 

3.7 

3.6 

3.8

3.7 

3.7 

3.5 

3.4 

3.3

3.1 

3.1 

3.3 

2.9 

' 2.9 

3.1

Discharge.

2,200 

2,720 

3,130 

3,400 

2,860

2,720 

2,590 

2,460,

2,080

1;590 

1,140 

1,040

838 

745

745 

600 

540 

485 

. 600

540 

540 

438 

395 

352

270 

270 

352 

193 

193 

270

a P.M.
BIVEH BASIN.

;age "height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasticook Riwr at 

'ittsfield, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26^.. ..........

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Day.

1..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17........^..... 

IS......./......

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............. 28............:.

29..............

30..............

31..............

Tune.

A.M.

Time.

5.30 

5.00 

6 30

5.40

7.00

8.00 

6.00 

6.10 

5.30 

8.00

9.00 

8.30 

12.00 

6.10 

5.40

5.45 

6.00 

6.00 

5.40 

9.00

7.00 

5.30 

6.10 

6.00 

7.30

6.00 

8.00 

6.10 

5.40 

5.55

Gage

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.1 

2.9

2.9 

3.1 

3.0 

2.9 

2.9

2.9 

3.0 

2.8 

2.9 

3.0

3.1 

3.0 

2.9 

3.0 

2.2

2.9 

3.0 

3.0 

2.8 

2.9

2.8 

2.4 

2.9 

2.9 

3.0

Discharge.

230 

230 

230 

270 

193

193 

270 

230 

193 

193

193 

230 

158 

193 

230

270 

230 

193 

230 

14

193 

230 

230 

158 

193

158 

50 

193 

193 

230

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

5.10 

6.00 

6.10 

6.40

7.10 

3.00 

6.30 

6.00 

6.15

5.40 

4.00 

6.00 

6.15 

6.00

6.00 

6.10 

6.15 

6.00 

3.50

' 6.30 

6.10 

6.00 

6.10

t.oo

5.40 

5.00 

6.00 

6.10 

6.00

Gage

height.

3.0 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

2.9

j 2 9

s!o

2.9 

3.0 

2.9

3.0 

3.0 

2.9 

3.0 

3.0

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

2.9 

2.2

2.9 

3.1 

3.0 

2.9

2.8

2.7 

2.4 

2.9

2.7 

2.7

Discharge.

230. 

270 

230 

230 

193

193 

230 

193 

230 

193

 230 

230 

193 

230 

230

270 

230 

230 

193 

14

193 

270 

230 

193 

158

125 

50 

193 

125 

125

August.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

6.40 

8.00 

 7.10

9.00 

6.00 

9.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

9.00 

9.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.15. 

6.00 

6.10

6.00 

9.00 

6.10 

6.00 

6.00

7.00 

6.40 

6.00 

9.00 

6.00 

8.00

Gage 

height.

2.9 

3.1 

3.1 

3.2

3.1 

3.2 

2.8 

3.1 

3.2

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.2 

3.5

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.7

3.8

3.8 

3.6 

3.8 

3.8 

4.0

4.2 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

4.3 

4.1

Discharge.

193 

270 

270 

310

270 

310 

158 

. 270 

310

270 

270 

270 

310 

438

600 

600 

600 

540 

600

600 

485 

600 

600

745

938 

1,250 

1,250 

1,250 

1,040 

838

P.M.

Time.

12.00 

6.10 

7.00 

6.00 

6.15

6.40 

4.00 

4.00 

6.05 

6.10

6.30 

6.00 

7.00 

5.00 

6.00

7.00 

6.00 

6.10 

7.00 

6.00

5.40 

5.30 

6.40 

6.15 

6.10

6.15 

6.00 

5.30 

4.00 

4.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

2.6 

3.0 

3.1 

3.2 

3.2

3.1 

3.2 

2.8 

3.2 

3.2

3.1 

3.1 

3.2 

3.2 

3.5

3.8 

3.8 

3.7 

, 3.7 

3.8

3.4 

3.6 

3.8 

3.8 

4.0

4.4 

4.5 

4.5 

4.4 

4.2 

4.1

Discharge.

97 

230 

270 

310 

310

270 

310 

158 

310 

310

270 

270 

310 

310 

438

600 

600 

540 

540 

600

395

485 

600 

600

745

1,140 

1,250 

1,250 

1,140 

938 

838

July.

A.M.

time.

6.10 

7.15 

9.00 

8.00 

6.00

6.40 

5.30 

7.00 

6.00 

6.40

6.40 

6.55 

8.00 

7.00

8.00 

8.00 

9.00 

12.00 

7.00

7.40 

8.00 

8.00 

6.10 

8.00

8.00 

9.00 

9.00 

7.10 

6.30 

9.00

Gage 

height.

3.0 

2.9 

2.5 

2.4 

2.4

2.9 

2.8 

3.0 

3.3 

3.2

3.5 

3.5 

3.6 

3.6

3.5 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3.6

3.6 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.3

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.0 

3.0

Discharge.

230 

193 

71 

50 

50

193 

158 

230 

352 

310

438 

438 

485 

485

438 

395 

395

438 

485

485 

438 

438 

395 

352

438 

438 

438 

395 

230 

230

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

4.10 

5.00

6.00 

4.00 

6.10 

5.30 

6.00

12.00 

6.10 

7.00 

6.10 

6.10

7.00 

3.00 

4.00 

6.10 

6.00

6.15 

6.00 

6.10 

4.00 

4.00

6.20 

6.15 

6.30 

7.00 

6.00 

6.40

Gage 

height.

2.8 

3.0 

2.5

1 2.4 

2.4

2.9 

2.8 

3.0 

3.3 

3.0

3.0 

3.5 

3.6 

3.6 

3.4

3.4 

3.5 

3.4 

3.5 

3.6

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3.1 

3.4

3.5 

3.5 

3.6 

3.1 

3.0 

2.7

Discharge.

158 

230 

71 

50 

50

193 

158 

230 

352 

230

230 

438 

485 

485 

395

' , 395 

438 

395 

438 

485

395 

395 

.438 

270 

395

438 

438 

485 

270 

230 

215

September.

A.M.

Time.

6.00 

8.00 

6.40 

7.10

7.00

6.00 

6.00 

9.00 

8.00 

6.40

6.20 

9.00 

7.00 

6.00 

6.25^ 6.10^ 

6.35 

8.00 

9.00 

6.30

6.10 

6.30 

8.00 

6.00 

6.10

12.00 

6.00 

6.10 

6.30 

7.00

Gage 

height.

4.0 

3.9 

3.7 

3.7 

3.5

3.7 

3.6 

3.7 

3.5 

3.3

3.0 

2.6 

3.1 

3.3 

3.1

3.3 

3.2 

3.1 

2.7 

3.0

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0

2.6 

2.8 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0

Discharge.

745 

668 

540 

540 

438

540 

485 

540 

438 

352

230 

97 

270 

352 

270

352 

310 

270 

125 

230

270 

270 

270 

230 

230

97 

158 

270 

230 

230

P.M.

Time.

6.20 

6.00 

6.00 

4.00 

4.00

6.10 

6.10 

6.00 

6.20 

ft. 10

6.10 

4.00 

6.10 

6.10 

5.40

6.20 

5.40 

4.00 

4.00 

6.00

6.15 

6.10 

6.10 

5.40 

4.00

4.00 

4.15 

6.20 

6.00 

6.10

Gage

height.

4.0 

3.9 

3.7 

3,6 

,3.4

3.7 

3.6 

3.7 

3.5 

3.1

2.8 

2.6 

3,4 

3.1 

3.1

3.3 

3.1 

2.9 

2.7 

3.1

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0

2.8

2.6 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

2.9

Discharge.

74ff 

668 

540 

485 

395

540

, 485 

540 

438 

270

158 

97 

395 

270 

270

352 

270 

193 

125 

270

270 

270 

' 270 

230 

158

97 

270 

230 

230 

193

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 70 and 4,000 second-feet.
44 - SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, for the years ending Sept S0t 

[Drainage area, 320 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14. 

October .......................................

Mfvrflh

April..........................................

May

June..........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

1914-15.

March .........................................

April..........................................

Julv...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

600 

668 

668 

395 

438 

668 

6,380 

2,590 

250 

193 

71 

60

6,380

60 

111 

71 

230 

1,140 

1,200 

1,710 

3,400 

270 

485 

1,250 

745

3,400

'Minim inn.

 71 

395 

230 

97 

125 

193 

668 

193 

50 

50 

30 

30

30

22 

' 22 

22 

14 

71 

310 

438 

193 

14 

50 

97 

97

14

Mean.

256 

504 

409 

272 

321 

470 

2,720 

1,070 

133 

109 

52 

44

528

35

66 

38 

93 

303 

589 

878 

1,250 

198 

324 

532 

329

388

Per 

square 

mile.

0.800 

1.58 

1.28 

.850 

1.00 

1.47 

8.50 

3.33 

.416 

.340 

.162 

.137

1.65

0.109 

.206 

, .119 

.291 

.947 

1.84 

2.74 

3.91 

.619 

1.01 

1.66 

1.03

1.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.92 

1.76 

1.48 

.98 

1.04 

1.70 

9.48 

3.84 

.46 

.39 

.19 

.15

22.39

0.13 

.23 

.14 

.34 

1.02 

2.12 

3.06 

4.51 

.69 

1.16 

1.91 

1.15

16.46

NOTE. Because of the effect of power regulation, results of mean daily discharge for any individual day 

may be considerably in error; ana therefore no quantities of daily discharge are published for this station. 

Such errors, however, compensate in large measure, so that quantities of monthly mean discharge given 

in the above table are believed to be of a fair degree of accuracy.

COBBOSSEECONTEE STREAM AT GARDINER, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam of Gardiner Water Power Co. in Gardiner, Kennebec County.

DRAINAGE ABE A. 220 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1890, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGES. One in pond above dam and one in tailrace of power house. 

DETERMINATION OP FLOW. Discharge determined by considering (1) flow over dam;

usually nothing except for a short time in the spring; (2) flow through two gates;

and (3) flow through a 39-inch Victor wheel installed in 1907. The computations

of daily discharge are made by the engineers of the S. D. Warren Co., from tables

of discharge based on careful experiments. 

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice. 

REGULATION. The many lakes in the basin are controlled by storage dams and the

streams afford a remarkable example of the regularity of flow that can be obtained

with proper storage. Except for a short time in the spring no water is wasted.

Results not corrected for storage. 

COOPERATION. Station maintained by S. 1>. Warren Co., which furnished the records

of daily discharge for publication.
KENNEBEC BIVER BASIN. .45

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardlner, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Bay.

i..............

2..............

-3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

isn

180

IS/1

«0

180

180

180

180 isn

180

00

ion

180

180 isn

180 isn

00

180

180

isn

180

180

180

OQ

180

180

180

180

180

180

Nov.

00

180 isn

180

180

180

180

OQ

180

180

180

ISO

180

180

«0

150

150

150

150

150

150

00

150

150

150

0

150

150

0

150

Dec.

150

150

15A

150

150

aO

150

150

150

150

150

IE/I

aO

150

150

150

150

150 ivt

OQ

150

150

150

150

15A

150

oO

150

150

150

-IE/!

Jan.

150

150

oQ

150

150

150

150

150

150

oQ

150

1 %f\

150

150

150

150

oO

150

150

220

220

220

220

oQ

220

220

220

220

220

220

aO

Feb.

210

210

210

210

210

210

aO

210

, 210

210

210

91 n

210

oO

210

250

250

250

250

250

oQ

250

250

250

250

900

950

o850

Mar.

650

360

280

280

280

280

oO

280

280

280

280

280

280

aO

250

250

250

250

oen

250

oQ

250 «>en

250

oen

oen

250

oO

250

250

91A

Apr.

250

250

250

oO

250

250

250

250

250

- 250

aO OCA

250

250

250

250

250

aO

250

250

250

250

250

250

aO

250

250

250

250

250

May.

250

aO

290

250

250

250

250

250

oO

250

250

oen

250

250

250

«0

200

200

200

200

200

200

oQ

200

200

200

200

200

200

. oO

1 200

June.

140

200

200

200

200

aO

200

200

200

200

200

200

oO

200

200

200

200

200

200

oQ

200

200

200

200

200

200

oQ

180

180

ISO

July.

ion

180 ion

olOO

0

180 isn

370

640

700

0550

OftA

oen

250

250

250

OKA

o30

OCfl

250

250

250

250

250

cO

OCA

250

250

250

250

250

Aug.

oQ

250

250

250

250

250

250

oQ

250

250

250

250

250

250

oQ

250

250

250

250

250

250

oO

250

250

250

250

250

250

00

250

250

J&lpt.

250

250 9in

250

ofl

250

OP;A

250

oen

250

250

oO

250

250

250

250

250

250

ofl

250

250

250

250

250

250

aO

250

250

250

250

oSunday.

Monthly discharge of Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 220 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year...... ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

180 

180 

150 

220 

950 

650 

250 

250 

200 

700 

250 

250

950

Minimum.

. 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0

Mean.

157 

132 

131 

148 

274 

244 

217 

183 

169 

255 

210 

217

194

Per 

square 

mile.

0.714 

.600 

.595 

.673 

1.25 

1.11 

.986 

.832 

.768 

1.16 

.955 

.986

.882

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

.67 

.69 

.78 

1.30 

1.28 

1.10 

.96 

.86 

1.34 

1.10 

1.10

12.00

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth, in inches, shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly 

discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water 

is held over from year to year.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

ANBBOSCOGKHN BIVEB BASIN.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT ERROL DAM, N. H.

LOCATION. At Errol dam, 1 mile above Errol, Coos County.

DEAINAGE AREA. 1,095 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1905, to September 30,1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Movable rod gage; readings taken daily from sill of deep gate No. 6; elevation 

of zero of gage or sill of gate, 1,231.3 feet above mean sea level.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge through 14 gates in the dam by means of 

coefficients determined from a few discharge measurements.0

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Errol dam controls the storage of Umbagog Lake, the lower of the 

Rangeley series of lakes, comprising the principal storage of Androscoggin River 

and amounting, to nearly 20 billion cubic feet, and also a recently developed 

storage site on Magailoway River created by the Aziscohos Dam, which amounts 

to about, 9.6 billion cubic feet, thus making the total storage about 29.6 billion 

cubic feet. Errol Dam is about 5 miles below outlet of Umbagog Lake and 

about 3.5 miles below mouth of Magailoway River, thus making this stream one 

of the feeders of Umbagog Lake. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations of daily discharge made under 

direction of Walter H. Sawyer, agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Me.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9........J. ..

10..............

11............ .

12..............

13....... .......

14..... .........

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19... ......... f .

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

35..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

qi

Oct.

1,640

1,670

1,690

1,690

1,810

1,840

1,840

1,780

1,700

1,700

1,790

1,800

1,760

1,740

1,680

1,660

1,430

1,340

1,610

1,500

1,590

1,560

1,650

1,640

1,630

1 680

l',710

1,740

1,700 

1,640 

1,560

Nov.

1,550

1,500

1^370

1*580

1,600

1,600

1,610

1.610

1,660

1.750

1,760

1,770

1,860

1,840

1,480

1,340

1,750

1,880

1,760

1 720

l'?00

1.690

1,680

1,690

1,580

1,470

1,470

1,620 

1,590

Dec.

1,640

1,420

1,260

1,290

1,300

1,360

1,410

1,440

1.490

1,490

1,470

1,450

1,560

1,620

1,620

1,600

1,640

1,650

1,620

1,590

1,560

1,520

1,500

1,520

1,560

1,540

1,560

1,590

1,560 

1,490 

1,480

Jan.

1,730

1,660

1.700

1,720

1,690

1,640

1,500

1,520

1,610

1,620

1,560

1,590

1,540

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,530

1,500

1,390

1,460

1,480

1,490

1,490

1 Aon

1,470

1,380

1,440

1,510

1,540 

1,550 

1,540

Feb.

1 Mrt

1,570

1,620

1,600

1,580

1,560

1,550

1,540

1,530

1,510

1,500

1,480

1,510

1.500

1,520

1,400

1,390

1,420

1,500

1,480

1,460

1,410

1,360

1,280

918

840

1,250

Mar.

1,520

1.420

1,130

1,110

1,300

1,250

1,220

1,220

1,230

1,320

1,330

1,380

1,330

1,380

1,360

1,330

1,270

1,240

1,220

1,160

1,150

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,110

1,090

1,080

1,080 

1,060 

1,020

Apr.

977

962

944

944

944

944

911

928

944

977

640

245

i>80

fc'80

730

898

935

998

1,030

934

305

1,080

1,170

1,170

1,180

1,230

1,300

1,340

1,340 

1,340

May.

1,360

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,370

967

551

1,230

1,320

1,140

481

563

1,160

1,240

839

603

942

963

1,140

1,120

1,100

1,180

1,060

1,120

1,280

1,270

1,240

1,210

1,200 

1,160 

1,130

June.

1 290

1^360

-1,010

1,000

983

983

1,350

1,330

1,370

1 AiV\

1,250

1,280

1,310

1,390

1,350

1,380

1,390

1,250

1,240

1,280

1,410

1,490

1,520

1,530

1,530

1,510

1,410

1,410

996 

1,470

July.

691

1,280

1,160

1,130

1,130

1,080

1,190

806

123

130

337

646

1,180

721

570

1,100

479

680

. 862

796

1,190

1,090

847

958

944

1,050

527

1,200

996 

334 

ill

Aug.

995

962

783

702

718

1,010

1,110

1,100

521

9An

24'6

252

258

467

840

1,050

1,010 "978

1,020

1,140

1,220

1,240

843

850

968

872

869

860

830 

992 

1,060

Sept.

1 190

1,'280

i V7n

1,470

1,420

1,350

1,450

1,570

1,550

1,520

1,480

1 600

1,510

1 ECft

1 640

l',630

1,650

1,620

1,670

1,220

951

1 640

I,'fi60

1,510

1,100 i im

1,270

1.490 

1,540

«See U. 8. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 321, p. 61. 

f> Estimated; flow due to leakage only.
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,095 square miles.]

Month.

February.. . ...................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June.... .......................................

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,840 

1,880 

1,650 

1,730 

1,620 

1,520 

1,340 

1,380 

1,530 

1,280 

1,240 

1,670

1,880

Minimum.

1,340 

1,340 

1,260 

1,380 

840 

1,020 

<*80 

481 

983 

80 

240 

1 951

«80

Mean.

1,670 

1,630 

1,510 

1,540 

1,410 

,1,220 

917 

1,100 

1,320 

808 

840 

1,450

1,280

Per 

square 

mile.

1.52 

1.49 

1.38 

1.41 

1.29 

1.11 

.838 

1.00 

1.20 

.738 

.767 

1.32

1.17

Runoff 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.75 

1.66 

1.59 

1.63 

1.34 

1.28 

.94 

1.15 

1.34 

.85 

.88 

1.47

15.88

a Estimated; flow due to leakage only. .

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches, shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT BERLIN, N. H.

LOCATION. At the upper or sawmill dam of the Berlin Mills Co., at Berlin, Cooa 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. rl,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of, Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGES. Fixed gages are maintained in the river above the forebay racks and in the 

tailrace immediately below -the outlet of the wheels; these gages are referred to 

the same datum, and the differences in the readings give the head acting on the 

wheels; a gage is also attached to each wheel gate, from which the wheel-gate 

opening can be ascertained.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from curves prepared from 

Holyoke tests of the wheel runners, using the head and gate openings as ascertained from the gages. Quantity of water wasted over the dam is computed by 

the Francis formula for discharge over weirs.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice. ^.

BEGULATION. Under an agreement between the power users on Androscoggin River, 

the flow at Berlin, N. H:, is maintained at a minimum of 1,550 second-feet and 

at such a higher point above 1,550 second-feet as is consistent with the constant 

maintenance of that quantity. The actual fine regulation of the river is carried 

on at Pontocook dam, N. H., above which is a pond containing about a day's 

supply. The primary regulation of the river is made at Errol, N. H., about 30 

miles above Berlin.

COOPERATION. The readings are kept under the direction of Mr. John H. Wilson of 

the Berlin Mills Co, and discharge record is furnished for publication by Mr. 

Walter H. Sawyer, agent for Union Water Power Co.
48 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

jD«t% discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the years ending

Sept. 30,191^-15.

Day.

1913-14. 

1.... .......

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6........... 

7........... 

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

1914-15. 

1.. .........

2...........

3........... 

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20... ........ 

21...........

22........... 

23...........

24...........

25...........

26........... 

27...........

28...........

29........... 

30........... 

31. .......... ;

Oct.

1,600

1,650

2,140

1,770

1,730

1,730 

1,710 

1,650

1,620

1,620

1,630

1,660

1,650

1,700

1,690

1,750

1,740

1,730

1,740

1,890

2,420

1,940

1,670

1,710

1,600

1,800

2,050

1,870

1,780

1,750

1,850 

1,750

1,750

1,750 

1^750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,740

1,750

1,750

1,760

1,730

1,740

1,730

1,740

1,740

1,620

1,740

1,750 

1,750

1,750 

1,740

1,740

1,740

1,740 

1,620

1,600

1,660 

1,700 

1,690

Nov.

1,720

1,720

1 700

1 720

1,680

1,690 

1,670 

ol,700

1 730

4,770

1,970

1,920

1,860

1,760

1,630

1,780

1,780

1,750

1,760

1,790

1,760

1,640

1,700

1,600

1,720

1,750

1 750

1,650

1,750

1,680

1,690

1,660

1,560 

1,560

1,580

1,600

1 570

1,680

1,730

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,700

1,650

1,680

* 1,800

1,800

1,780

1,750

1/730 

1,750

1,750 

i 74n

1,730

1,740

1,740 

1,740

1,760

1,730 

1,720

Dec.

1,720

1,690

1,710

1,820

1,850

1,820 

1,880 

2,100

2,100

2,040

2,110

2,170

2,350

2,150

2,060

1,970

1,950

1,940

1,950

1,900

1,950

1,910

1,860

1,880

1,960

1,890

1,780

1,750

1,720

1,780

1,850 

1,750

1,790

1,790 

1,770

1,760

1,750

1,730

1,700

1,710

1,720

1,700

1,660

1,590

1,550

1,740

1,530

1,550

1,570

1,570

1,560 

1,560

1,590 

1,580

1,560

1,570

1,570 

1,570

1,560

1,550 

1,550 

1,540

Jan.

1,820

1,800

1,850

2,020

1,970

1,820 

1,840 

1,850

1,810

1,820

1,770

1,700

1,700

1,710

1,770

1,850

i onn

1,920

1,860

1,880

1,900

1,810

1,690

1,780

1,850

1,880

1,890

1,880

1,870

1,860

1,810 

1,550

1,550

1,550 

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,650

1,550

1,560

1,560

1,630

1,620

1,600

1,550

1,560

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,600 

1,660

1,660 

1 660

l'630

1,600

1,580 

1,520

1,560

1,560 

1,540

1,580

Feb.

1,820

1,820

1,800

1,770

1,780

1,770 

1,740 i 7*n

1,800

1,740

1,750 11 An

1,770

1,770

1 770

1,790

1,610

1,640

1,640

1,600

1,580

1,650

1 750

1,670

1,550

1,550

1,560

1,570

1,550

1,520

1,500 

1,530

1,540

1,540

1,550

1,550

1,540

1,530

1,530

1,550

1 %8fl

1,500

1,520

1,470

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,530 

1,530

1,530 

1,470

1,430

2,600

2,300 

1,750

I

EfiA

Mar.

i *un

2,300

2,600

2,150

2,180

2,350 

2,300 

2,190

2,090

1,970

1,950

2,000

1,980

1,940

1,880

1,800

l'?80

1,730

1,680

1,670

1,680

1,680

1,680

1,700

1,750

1,820

2,030

2,110

2,040

1,890

1,780 

1,700

2,000

1,750 

1,600

1,620

1,590

1,550

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,500

1 4Qft

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,440

1,420

1,400

1,370

1,370 

1,300

1,280

1 94ft

1,240

1,270

1,290

1,280

1,270

1,220 

1,140 

1,110

Apr.

1,760

1,960

1,850

1,650

1,680

1,660 

1,500 

1,520

2,180

2,360

2,370

1,860

2,300

2,300

2,000

1,970

1,800

1,920

2,700

9,000

10,500

7 600

4^550

3,900

4,200

3,800

3,400

3,200

4,200

4,900

.1,100

1,090

1,070 

1,050

1,080

1,090,

1,070

1,050

1,200

1,400

2 inn

3,700

4,000

2,880

2 1 fin

2 inn

2,740

3,000

2,800

2,800

2 fifif\

2,230 

2,140

2 *>nn

2,520

4,000 

3,990

3,430

3,000 

3,000

May.

4,180

3,850

3,500

4,100

5,400

6,000 

6,500 

6,800

7,350

14,300

14,150

12,700

10,300

8,300

5,600

4,170

3,170

2,900

2,800

2,600

2,600

2 win

2,500

2,500

2,300

2,100

1,700

1,600

1,460

1,800

1,800 

3,850

3,000

2,720

2,800

2,700

2,460

2,100

i onn

2,150

2,250

2^030

1,650

1,630

1,670

1,760

1,660

1,650

1 640

l'640

1,630 

1,600

1,590

1 ^ftfl

1 **AA

1,560

1,600 

1,630

1 ftdft

1,620 

1,620 

1,540

June.

1,900

1,780

1,800

1,840

1,870

1,830 

1,830 

1 780

1,750

1,730

1,760

1,830

1,840

1,840

1,750

1,720

1,720

1,760

1,790

1,910

1,990

i <un

1 820

1,800

1,760

1,700

1,820

1,860

ol,840-

1,820

1,530

1,530

1,540 

1,610

1,520

1,550

1,530

1,540

1,530 i tan

i tin

i isn

1 550

1 iWft

1,550

i un

1,550

1,700

1,550

1,550

I

een

1,530 

1,460

1

KA(\

1 *un

1,550 

1,550

1,560

1,480 

1,520

July.

1,920

2,090

1,990

1,880

1,900

1,780~ 

1,820 

1,800

1,790

1,700

1,800

2,120

2,050

1,740

ol,700

1,670

1,700

1,710

1,620

1,720

1,710

1,710

1,750

1,750

l'750

1,750

1,750

1,760

1,760

1,740

1,760 

1,570

1,560

1,630 

1,600

1,580

'1,550

1,530

1,610

4,300

3,800

i onn

1,650

1 660 I'eeo

1,620

1,580

1,620

1,620

1,650

1,610 

i tin

1,470 

1,520

I,fi30

1,520

1,540 

1,550

1,550

1,560 

1,610 

1,570

Aug.

1,750

1,780

1,770

1,770

1,750

1,700 

1,800 

1,700

1,700

1,680

1,680

1,700

1,650

1,700

1,850

1,850

1,720

1 750

1,670

1,800

-1,750

1,750

1,730

1,750

l}740

1,740

1,750

1,760

1,750

1,750

1,700 

1,550

1,570

1,570 

1,550

1,530

i tin

1,550

1,570

1,500

2

neA

2,110

1,950

1,600

1,570

1,540

1,580

1,600

1,600

1,560

1,530

I

eefl

1,580

1 fit^A

1,750

1,720

1,720 

1,560

1,560

1,590 

1,660 

1,560

Sept.

1,720

1,750

1,760

1,750

1,750

1,750 

1,750 

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,710

1,720

1,720

1,740

1,750

1 7ff\

1,740

1

7KA

1,830

1,790

1 7W

1,780

1,880

i 7^n

1,600

1 760

I Kcrt

1,570

1,550 

1,520

i 4nn

1,620

1,680

1,580

1,610

1 840

1,710

1 740

1*740

1*740

1^740

1 740

l'740

1

7qn

1 74fl

1,690 

1,700

1,730 

i 7on

1,800 i 74n

1,740 

1,710

1,700

1,720 

1,750

o Interpolated.
ANDEOSCOGGIN KIVE$ BASIN. 49

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the yews ending Sept.

SO. 1914-15.

(Drainage area, 1,350 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1914-15.

March....... ....... ......

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,420 

4,770 

2,350 

2,020 

1,820 

2,600 

10,500 

14,300 

1,990 

2,120 

1,850 

1,880

14,300

1,750 

1,800 

1,790 

1,660 

2,600 

2,000 

4,000 

3,850 

1,610 

4,300 

2,110 

1,840

4,300

Minimum.

1,600 

1,600 

1,690 

1,690 

1,560 

1,640 

1,500 

1,560 

1,700 

1,620 

1,650 

1,600

1,600

1,600 

1,560 

1,530 

1,520 

1,430 

1,110 

1,000 

1,540 

1,460 

1,470 

1,530 

1,400

1,000

Mean.

1,770 

1,840 

1,920 

1,840 

1,770 

1,930 

3,220 

4,890 

1,810 

1,800 

1,740 

1,750

2,190

1,730 

1,700 

1,640 

1,680 

1,600 

1,430 

2,300 

1,950 

1,540 

1,750 

1,640 

1,690

1,710

Per 

square 

mile.

1.31 

1.36 

1.42 

1.36 

1.26 

1.44 

2.39 

3.62 

1.34 

1.33 

1.29 

1.30

1.62

1.28 

1.26 

1.21 

1.17 

1.18 

1.06 

1.70 

, -1.44 

1.14 

1.30 

1.21 

1.25

1.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.51 

1.52 

1.64 

1.57 

1.31 

1.66 

2.67 

4.17 

1.50 

1.53 

1.49 

1.45

22.02

1.4S 

1.41 

1.40 

1.35 

1.23 

1.22 

1.90 

1.66 

1.27 

1.50 

1.40 

1.40

17.22

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches is shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin, because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year. i

ANDROSCOGGIN BIVER AT RUMFORD FALLS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam of Rumford Falls Power Co., at Rumford, Oxford County.

DEAINAGE ABBA. 2,090 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 18, 1892, to September 30, 1915, Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

STAGES. One in pond above dam; another in tailrace of power house. 

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge over the dam by use of the Francis weir

formula with modified coefficient, and the quantities passing through the various

wheels of the power house, which have been carefully rated. 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation little affected by ice. 

REGULATION.-' Storage in Rangeley system of lakes at headwaters of Androscoggin

River, aggregating about 29.6 billion cubic feet, is largely under complete control.

The stored water is regulated in the interests of the water-power users below.

Results not corrected for storage. 

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations made by Mr. Charles A. Mixer,

engineer, Rumford Falls Power Co. 

60411° WBP 401 If-^ 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in' second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Bay.

1. .........

2.......... 

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

Q

A":":::::

11..........

12..........

13.......... 

14..........

15..........

16..........

17.......... 

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29.......... 

30..........

31..........

Oct.

1,860

1,820 

1,790

1,610

1,690

1,820 

1,760 

1,810

1,770

1,820 

1,700

1,610

1,790 

1,740

1,670

1,770

1,870 

1,840

1,720

1,990

1,870

1,850

1,840

1,740

1,670

1,630

1,850

1,640

1,600 

1,800

1,740

Nov.

1,690

1,760 

1,760

1,610

1,580'

1,690 

1,700 

1,540

1,710

1,750 

1,600

1 670

1,760 

1,800

1,620

2,370

3,030 

2,160

1 600

l!,640

1,900

1/920

1,830

1,640

1,880

2,210

2,380

2,580

2,100 

2,180

Dec.

2,190

2,560 

2,930

3,060

2,490

1,870 

1,730 

2,080 i son

1,840 

1,720

1,650

1,470 

1,490

1,570

1,340

1,540 

1,590

1 600

1,620

1,650

1,520

1,500

1,650

1 <Ufi

1,440

1,660

1,660 

1,600

1,630

Jan.

1,560

1,630

1 ARft

1,570

1,600

1,580 

1,870 

3,020

2 520

1,980 

2 000

1*950

1,970 

1,870

1,780

1,750

1,620 

1 900

2 97ft

3,970

2,690

2,350

2 14/1

2,050

1 Qfifl

1,850

1,880

1,810

1 760 

1,680

2,130

Feb.

1,760

1,820 

1,680

1,690

1,760

1,880 

,2,030 

1 860 /' j'ggo

l'?30 

1,680

1,690

1,720 

1,900

1,740

1,870

2,100 

2,120

2

f\A(\

1,870

1 (an

1,870

1,890

1,820

9,250

13,900

6,730

4,270

........

Mar.

3

Af)n

2,980

2

0 on

2,770

2,700

2,600 

1,950 2Asn

2,450

2,320 

29Wi

2,150

2 100 

1,810

2,050

2,000

1,980 

r,940

1 830 I'fgn

1,470

1,800

1,880

1-.790

2,110

2,240

1,960

1,660

1,860 

1,730

1,650

Apr.

1,850

1,970 

1,870

1,570

1,910

2,050 

1,890 

2,310

2 940

3', 510 

6,850

11,800

9,070 

5,990

4,440

4,040

4,310 

4,250

4,650

4,430

4,330

3,480

2,980

3,410

4,390

7,720

7,180

5 710

4,520 

5,890

May.

10,300

6,810 

5,800

5,240

4,420

3,920 

3,630 

3,310

2 7nn

3,220 

2,880

3,830

2,750

2*389

2,020

2,510 

2,500

2,430

2,340

2,240

2,070

1,740

2,300

2,600

1,960

2,090

2 100

2,030 

1,710

1,940

June.

2,160

1,790 

1,850

1,750 

1,870 

1 860

1 840

1^700 

1,940

1 74fl

1,470 

1 750

1,790

1,810

1,910 

2,460

2,100

1,790

2,150

1,860

 1 800

1,520

1,730

1,730

1,690

1,710

1,780 

1,600

July.

1,890

3,900 

3 840

3' 020

2,130

3,100 

2,720 

4,580

17,100

9,000 

4,310

3,180

2,930 

2,870

2,880

2,710

2,470 

2,680

2,400

2,560

2,370

2,210

2,300

2,040

1,520

2,330

2,670

2,450

2,370 

2,460

2,140

Aug.

1,810

2,800 

3,020

2,570

2,510

2,850 

2,320 

1 970

2 760

4*400 

3 740

3*000

3,120 

3,020

1,950

2,410

2,320 

2,280

2,120

1,990

1,950

1,290

3,940

3,910

3,030

2,930

2,600

2,170

1,650 

2,170

2,210

Sept.

2 ran

2,000 i ofin

1,960

,1,250

1,280 

1,880 

2,010

I onn

2,020 

i onn

1 270

1,900 

1,920

1,910

1,920

1,890 

1,850 i ifin

1,760

1,810

2,880

2,340

2,250

2,010

1,420

2,140

2,080

1,990 

2,010

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,090 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

February ......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........:,..............................

July...........................................

The year ......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,990 

3,030 

3,060 

3,970 

13,900 

3,400 

11,800 

10,300 

2,460 

17,100 

4,400 

2,880

17,100

Minimum.

1,600 

1,540 

1,340 

1,460 

1,680 

1 470 

1,570 

1,710 

1,420 

1,520 

1,290 

1,250

1,250

Mean.

1,760 

1,890 

1,790 

2,000 

2,800 

2,150 

4,380 

3 140 

1,830 

3,390 

2,610 

1,900

2,470

Per 

squarfe 

mile.

0.842 

.904 

.856 

.957 

1.34 

1.03 

. 2.10 

1.50 

.876 

1.62 

1.25 

.909

1.18

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.01 

.99 

 1.10 

, 1.40 

1.19 

2.34 

1.73 

.98 

1.87 

1.44 

1.01

16.03

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches, shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN. 51

MAGALLOWAY RIVER AT AZISCOHOS DAM, MAINE.

LOCATION. At the Aziscohos dam, Oxford County, about 15 miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 219 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1912, to September 30,1915. Data also in annual 

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, the lower attached to one of the concrete buttresses of the dam and the upper on the concrete gate tower.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Discharge determined from readings of gate openings. Gates have been rated by current-meter measurements.

REGULATION. The capacity of the storage reservoir above the dam is 9,593,000,000 

cubic feet, and the reservoir is regulated for power interests below. The operation of the gates is planned to maintain as nearly as possible a constant flow at 

Berlin, N. H. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Discharge computed and furnished for publication, by Walter H. 

Sawyer, agent Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.

Monthly discharge of Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 215 square miles.]

Month.

January .......................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

956 

1,190 

894 

1,200 

1,850

1.800 

1,040 

1,320 

150 

147 

175

Minimum.

88 

669 

385 

1,000 

898

54 

69 

75 

74 

80 

93

Mean.

264 

974 

687 

1,100 

1,190 («) 

573 

127 

789 

97 

125 

113

Per 

square 

mile.

1.23 

4.53 

3.20 

5.12 

5.54

2.67 

.591 

3.67 

.451 

.582 

.526

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.42 

5.05 

3.6» 

5.90

5.77

2.98 

.68 

4.10 

.52 

.67 

.59

o Mean discharge Mar. 1-13,1,450 second-feet; Mar. 23-31, 1,670 second-feet. No record -Mar. 14-22 on 

account of repair to gates.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches, shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.

LITTLE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER NEAR SOUTH PARIS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At left end of an old dam at Bisco Falls, 200 feet below a highway bridge

and 5 miles above South Paris, Oxford County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 75 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 14, 1913, to September 30, 1915. Data also in

annual reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

' GAGE. Chain on left bank installed April 16, 1914; original gage, a vertical staff,

was destroyed by ice March 2, 1914; from March 18 to April 9, 1914, a chain gage

on a footbridge was used; all gages referred to same datum and at practically

same place. ' 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At low and medium stages flow is through opening at left

of old stone dam; opening was enlarged by flood of April 9, 1914; water flows

over dam at gage height 5.30 feet, >
52 STTBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum gage height recorded during year, 9.3 feet at 7 

a. m. July 9 (discharge 2,970 second-feet); minimum gage height recorded, 0.8 

foot at 4 p. m. October 19, 4 p. m. November 13, and 3 p. m. November 15 

(discharge 2 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by iqe.

REGULATION. Some storage in lakes above station.

ACCURACY. Results good.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hill: 

April 13, 1915: Gage height, 6.62 feet; discharge, 546 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, 

from Sept. 14, 1913, to Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1913-14. 

1......

2......

3......

5. ......

6......

7......

8......

9......

10......

11......

12......

13......

14. 

15. .

16. . 

17. . 

18. . 

19. . 

20. .

21. 

22. . 

23. .

24. . 

25. .

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. .

30.

31......

Sept.

14 

11

23 

19 

43 

40 

38

40 

184 

282 

139 

90

40 

53 

36 

38

48

Oct.

48

56

307

111

S3

58

53

56

53

48

48

56

90

76 

111

119 

119 

104 

100 

135

521 

267 

156 

119 

143

247 

_ 395 

272 

207

307

170

Nov.

139

111

86

111

83

83

83

73

131

530

407

277

237

1S8 

184

156 

148 

127 

119 

222

197 

152 

135 

127 

119

111 

111 

111 

111

111

Dec.

115

111

94

90

86

83

Q4

339

237

166

123

115

83 

90

S3 

83 

S3 

S3

83

76 

76 

73 

70 

53

58 

56 

56 

58

56

56

Jan.

50

53

56

48

56

53

53

50

58

58

48

48

48

53 

56

56 

58 

43

48 

48

48. 

48 

48 

48 

104

119 

111 

115 

104

83

83

Feb.

83

90

70

48

53

51

67

58

64

53

53

53

53

53 

53

53 

53 

53 

53 

53

53 

, 53 

53 

53 

53

53 

. 53 

53

Mar.

500

890

700

500

400

300

200

100

100

100

105

110

115

120

125

130 

135 

152 

152 

135

104 

93 

90 

97 

104

135 

188 

419 

395

361

339

Apr.

307

890

419

361

297

277

257

237

648

760

558

458

426

411 

397

384 

411 

442 

585 

1,320

2,120 

675 

512 

384 

336

325 

466 

475 

475

475

May.

493

366

292

314

325

348

264

209

830

475

336

303

259

219 

159

149 

124

149 

140 

124

108 

108 

124 

76 

132

124 

116 

92

76

54

47

June.

47

47

40

54

132

124

108

76

47

54

47

34

34

16 

29

29 

29 

18 

24 

24

16 

29 

24 

20 

24

24 

20 

9 

14

24

July.

24

29

34

20

24

29

29

24

24

22

20

20

24

29 

29

29 

12 

9 

9

20

24 

20 

9 

20 

12

9 

16 

6 

16

12

9

Aug.

9

12

12

12

9

4

3

3

3

3

4

>4

3 

3

1

4 

4 

5 

6

12 

12 

4 

3

&

6 

3 

4 

12

26

54

Sept.

40

24

16

12

12

6

6

12

4

9

12

12

3

3 

3

4 

' 16 

16 

16 

16

24 

20 

16 

24 

24

16 

9 

16 

16

16
AKDBOSCOGGTK ElVEE BASIN. 53

Daily dii in second-feet, of Little Androscoggin River near South Pans, Maine, 

from Sept. 14,1913, to Sept. 30,1915 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3....:.........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

oq

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29......*......

30..............

31..............

Oct.

16

16

16

4

12

12

16

9

12

1 6

4

9

12

6

9

9

6

2

9

12

20

20

20

20

9

20

12

9

16

16

19

Nov.

3

9

12

12

9

20

20

4

16

16

16

20

2

16

2

16

84

54

47

47

34

16

34

20

20

16

20

24

16

24

Dec.

34

32

68

54

47

16

34

34

16

19

16

16

6

12

29

20

20

16

12

6

9

12

16

9

6

4

4

9

9

12

12

Jan.

9

9

61

47

34

24

16

149

84

47

47

40

47

40

34

34

20

34

108

169

116

76

84

76

68

68

68

61

68

68

61

Feb.

84

68

61

29

47

47

61

61

68

47

61

61

61

29

47

92

124

108

84

84

84

68

84

92

830

2,470

760

535

Mar.

458

348

270

239

219

189

149

140

149

140

132

140

132

116

124

132

124

124

116

108

108

124

116

124

159

179

140

140

124

124

124

Apr.

140

149

132

140

159

159

179

249

325

360

466

990

760

426

325

239

239

219

199

179

140

124

124

132

219

360

325

219

219

325

May.

1,180

535

458

411

360

325

281

219

179

199

159

132

140

159

159

140

149

124

116

108

108

68

47

100

84

92

108

92

47

47

47

June.

54

47

47,

54

47

40

40

34

34

47

54

" 54.

40

47

47

54

84

84

76

61

68

61

54

47

54

47

24

40

40

34

July.

54

84

108

100

124

149

124

100

2,470

585

325

303

249

209

169

159

159

159

140

124

100

100

QO

76

54

194

234

132

159

159

132

Aug.

100

132

124

124

189

154

140

140

149

169

159

124

140

140

159

108

124

116

92

92

84

40

76

84

124

169

116

100

84

84

100

Sept.

92

68

68

61

47

68

61

54

47

47

34

24

9Q

29

29

24

24

29

26

24

47

179

124

84

61

54

61

54

47

34

NOTE. Daily discharge ascertained from two well-defined rating curves, applicable Sept. 14,1913, to 

Apr. 9,1914, and Apr. 10.1914, to Sept. 30.1915, respectively. Several discharge measurements obtained 

subsequent to Sept. 30,1915, were used to determine the latter curve.

No gage-height record Feb. 6,14,17-28, Mar. 1-17,22, Apr. 10-15, June 8, Aug. 19, Dec. 22, and 25,1914, 

Jan. 4-6, and Mar. 2-8,1915, lor which daily discharge was estimated. Gage height of flood of Mar. 2,1914;, 

estimated 7.5 feet by gage observer.
54 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, from Sept. 14,

1918, to Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 75 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off

g

epthin 

cneson 

drainage 

area).

1913.

September 14-30............................... 282

1913-14. ~~

October....................................... 521

November..................................... 630

December..................................... 339

January....................................... 119

February...................................... 90

March......................................... 890

April..........................................' 2,120

May........................................... 830

June........................................... 132

July........................................... 34

August........................................ 54

September..................................... ~ 40

The year................................ 2,120

=.

1914-15.

October....................................... 20

November..................................... 84

December..................................... 68

January....................................... 169

February...................................... 2,470

March......................................... 458

April.......................................... 990

May........................................... 1,180

June........................................... 84

July........................................... 2,470

August........................................ 189

September..................................... 179

The year................................. 2,470

11 67 0.894 1.00

48

73

53 ~43

48

90

237

47

9

6

1

3

149

159

99

63

o57

o238

o536

224

41

20

8

14

1.99

2.12

1.32

.840

.760

3.18

7.14

2.99

.54.8

.267

,106

.187

2.29

2.36

1.52

.97

.79

3.67

7.97

3.45

.61

.31

.12

.21

134 1.79 24.27

4

9

29

108

124

47

24

54

40

24

- 12

22

19

60

216

ol62

274

205

50

238

120

54

0.160

.293

.253

.800

2.88

2.16

3.65

2.73

.666

3.15

.1.60

.720

0.18

.33

.29

.92

3.11

2.49

4.07

3.15

.74

3.63

1.84

.80

119 1.59 21.55

o Partly estimated; see footnote to table of daily discharge.

PRESTTMPSCOT RIVER BASIN.

PBESUMPSCOT RIVER AT OUTLET OF SEBAGO LAKE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At outlet dam at Sebago Lake' and the hydroelectric plant at Eel Weir

Falls, Cumberland County, 1 mile below lake outlet. 

 DRAINAGE AREA. 436 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1887, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. Results of a recomputation of

all data from 1887 to 1911 are published in the second annual report of Maine

State Water Storage Commission. 

GAGES. On bulkhead of gatehouse at outlet dam and in forebay and tailrace of

power plant. 

DISCHARGE. Prior to March, 1904, discharge was determined from records of opening

of gates in dam; since March, 1904, flow from lake has been recorded by three

Alien meters, one on each of three pairs of 30-inch Hercules wheels; wheels and

recording meters checked by current-meter measurements, brake tests of wheels,

and electrical readings of the generator output. 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Sebago Lake (area, 46 square miles) is under complete control.

Results not corrected for storage. 

COOPERATIONS Entire record furnished by S. D. Warren Co.
PRESUMPSCOT BIVEB BASIN. 55

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Presumpscot River at outlet ofSebago Lake, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1............

2............

3............

4....!.......

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

.24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30.............

31............

Oct.

776

637

705

o427

745

765

758

796

770

705

0253

728

802

735

753

745

687

o223

708

688

730

743

735

658

ol98

668

670

677

673

683

652

Nov.

a 242

676

672

665

670

668

660

0250

666

655

668

665

662

658

o333

660

660

638

637

632

625

o343

635

635

638

383

367

390

o335

632

Dec.

633

628

632

635

602

a292

630

642

630

647

642

o320

600

625

637

640

633

635

a342

630

628

627

657

435

257

o375

623

655

658

fifift

Jan.

685

o413

658

650

630

542

515

597

0230

643

633

645

663

673

655

o!88

513

365

420

457

533

567

o!82

542

555

585

602

595

538

one

Feb.

582

583

587

590

593

540

0210

517

678

662

600

667

580

o!93

595

428

503

545

658

. 357

ol80

667

622

573

' 263

353

432

ol95

Mar.

555

543

622

622

588

533

ol88

550

555

533

515

538

532

o!82

553

552

538

552

545

542

ol85

EKrt

528

500

470

488

462

ol70

KO7

580

535

Apr.

538

533

450

o!82

575

512

357

500

473

423

ol85

482

488

455

485

538

458

o!85

572

487

492

657

523

468

ol80

467

533

518

530

463

May.

280

oS9

532

463

478

475

485

433

o!40

425

422

422

427

418

407

o!20

422

422

418

423

413

392

o90

413

417

420

420

418

417

o50

50

June.

400

417

412

420

415

o!13

347

330

330

333

332

330

o!03

320

297

293

308

297

295

o75

270

280

280

283

280

280

o57

132

140

158

July.

160

55

8.3

o8.3

8.3

87

133

185

o8.3

20

48

148

212

225

238

218

217

088

250

225

223

265

348

222

068

358

302

292

277

318

253

Aug.

o66.7

335

363

418

255

358

268

a 85

402

360

357

383

450

427

0102

467

485

540

533

537

443

o!07

533

505

540

520

520

512

«103

520

520

Sept.

522

533

468

505

o45

168

555

617

615

633

567

o215

693

635

575

662

643

578

«182

635

548

640

667

632

528

o!78

607

665

665

638

a Sunday.

Monthly discharge of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

[Drainage area, 436 square miles.]

Month.

October..... ....... ...J... .....................

April..........................................

V&y.... .......................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet,.

Maximum.

802 

676 

680 

685 

678 

622 

657 

485 

420 

358 

540 

693

802

Minimum.

198 

242 

257 

182 

180 

170 

180 

50.0 

56.7 

8.3 

66.7 

45.0

8.3

Mean.

661 

567 

578 

527 

498 

495 

457 

361 

278 

176 

388 

527

t 459

Per 

square 

mile.

1.52 

1.30 

1.33 

1.21 

1.14 

1.14 

1.05 

.828 

.638 

.404 

.890 

1.21

1.05

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainagearea).

1.75 

1.45 

1.53 

1.40 

1.19 

1.31 

1.17 

.95 

.71 

.47 

1.03 

1.35

14.31

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural How, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.
56 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

SAGO RIVER BASIN.

SACO RIVER AT WEST BUXTON, MAINE.

LOCATION. At hydroelectric plant of Portland Electric Co., at West Buxton, York

County.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,550 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 19,1907, to September 30,1915. Data also in annual

reports of Public Utilities Commission of Maine. 

GAGES. One in pond above dam; another in tailrace of power house. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam about 300 feet long. 

DISCHARGE. Flow over dam and through rated wheels of power plant determined

by means of hourly gage readings. 

WINTER FLOW .--Discharge relation not affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Dams on numerous but comparatively small lakes in basin above

station; storage regulation probably affects regimen of stream but not to extent

that obtains in other basins in Maine where natural storage facilities are better

and more fully developed. 

COOPERATION. Records furnished by Cumberland County Power & Light Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Saco River at West Buxton, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5.. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

S56

997

992

928

701

857

967

682

762

742

705

723

684

693

519

428

472

474

559

730

704

689

757

605

465

808

730

598

540

541

558

Nov.

808

623

759

675

656

792

919

615

742

770

730

694

737

829

639

910

1,300

1,110

987

980

808

692

941

850

876

953

1,050

1.320

830

1,220

Bee.

1,010

1,100

1,280

1,200

1,270

1,060

1,080

937

1,150

1,000

1,040

1,290

562

Q77

950

1,060

1 *945 030

929

4Qfi

847

734

681

684

770

643

QQQ

562

738

833

852

Jan.

769

765

533

681

652

609

1,040

1,080

1,600

674

1,200

1,200

1,170

1,160

M70

1,280

1,220

1,370

1,850

1 Qfifl

2,490

2,100

1,820

1,760

2,380

1 Qdrt

i 7Qft

1,650

1,820

1,660

1,380

Feb.

1,770

1,790

1,650

1,590

1,650

1,570

1,300

1,960

1,970

1,830

1,760

1,610

1,600

1,320

1,870

1,960

2,550

2,360

2,230

2,260

i ono

2,370

2,270

2,560

4 Qftft

S QCfl

9

OQA

8,990

Mar.

9,100

9,120

8,73a

7,520

7,620

6,970

6,440

6,310

5,930

5,580

5,340

5,030

4,840

4,310

4,340

3,800

3,760

3,400

3,110

2,900

2,800

2,850

2,710

2,920

2 oon

3,100

3,140

2,830

3.190

2,940

2,800

Apr.

2,590

2,360

2,880

2 800

2,950

2,970

3,410

3,670

3,740

3,920

4,030

5,500

6,580

6,890

7,470

7,960

7,740

7 <l8ft

7,470

6,980

6 4M1

6,170

5,810

5,530

4,750

5,140

I 180

5,060

5,080

4,990

May.

6,160

6,530

6,830

6,710

6,520

6,310

6,070

5,860

5r460

5,310

4,960

4,320

4,220

3,830

3,700

3,320

3,380

3,100

2,690

2,420

2,460

2 280

2,000

2,390

2,220

2,320

2,060

1,930

1,610

1,450

1,410

June.

1,780

2 150

1,670

1,330

1,120

740

1,420

1,440

1,040

1,380

1,320

1,080

' 897

1,370

1,510

1,210

1,360

1090

1,020

i nfift

i Aon

1,730

I

ftQfl

1,620

1,460

1,160

960

1,210

1,370

1,430

July.

1,060

1,550

1,640

3,040

3,630

4,260

4,150

4,570

8,420

8,690

8,150

7,870

7 140

7*200

6,060

5,480

4,890

2,080

4,410

4,020

3,830

3,600

3,370

3,020

9 47n

2 07ft

9 7QH

2,760

2,730

2,800

2,590

Aug.

2,160

2,670

2,730

2,890

3,240

3,600

3,490

3,210

3,790

3,820

3,420

3,380

3,120

2,950

2,550

2,970

2,860

2,620

2,580

2,480

2,400

1 Qfifl

2 AM

2,700

2,450

2,780

n ann

2,510

2,150

2,540

2,390

Sept.

2,340

2,290

'2,260

2,120

2,010

2,070

2,020

2,060

1,800

1,570

1,600

1,310

1,620

1,400

1,530

1,370

1,320

1,380

1,190

1,510

1,630

1,580

1,520

1,540

1,680

1,350

1,930

1,890

1,780

1,750
MEEEIMACK EJVER BASIN. 57

Monthly discharge ofSaco River at West Buxton, Maine, for the year ending Sept, SO, 1915. 

i [Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

/

November.. . ..................................

February.. ........................ .1 ..........

April..........................................

May... ........................................

July. ............ ...t. ........... .........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

997 

1,320 

1,290 

2,490 

9,290 

9,120 

7,960 

6,830 

2,150 

8,690 

3,820 

2,340

9,290

Minimum.

428 

615 

393 

633 

1,300 

2,710 

,2,360 

1,410 

740 

. 1,060 

1,950 

1,190

393

Mean.

692 

861 

907 

1,380 

2,780 

4,720 

5,120 

3,860 

1,340 

4,240 

2,820 

1,710

2,640

Per 

square 

mile.

0.446 

.556 

.586 

.891 

1.79 

3.04 

3.30 

2.50 

.865 

2.74 

1.82 

1.10

1.64

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.62 

.68 

1.03 

1.86 

3.50 

3.68 

2.88 

.97 

3.16 

2.10 

1.23

22.22

RIVER BASIN,

MEEEIMACK EIVER AT FBANKLIN JUNCTION, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered wooden bridge of the Boston & Maine Railroad near Franklin 

Junction, Mertimack County, about a mile below the confluence of Pemigewasset 

and Winnepesaukee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,460 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8, 1903, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain fastened to floor of bridge on upstream -side over the west channel; 

a gage painted on the downstream right-hand side of the center pier is used by 

1 « the United States Weather Bureau for high-water readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and- bowlders^ fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the two years ending 

September 30, 1915, 19.5 feet at 5 p. m. April 21, 1914 (discharge determined 

from extension of rating curve, 32,300 second-feet); minimum stage for same 

period, 3.8 feet at 10 a. m. September 7, 1914 (discharge, 850 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during the winter months.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Winnepesauk'ee, Squam, and New Found 

lakes, and by the operation of mills above the station.

COOPERATION. Gage heights furnished by the proprietors of locks and canals on 

Merrimack River, Lowell, Mass.

Discharge measurements of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Aug. 27,

Sept. 7

Made by ' Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.72

4.44

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

2,960

1,520

NOTE. Additional measurements, subsequent to Sept. 30, were used in determining the stage-discharge 

relation.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

«, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., for the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1914-15.

Day.

1913-14. 

1.. ............

2.............. 

3... ........... 

4. .............

5..............

6.............. 

7.............. 

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.............. 

12.............. 

13.............. 

14.............. 

15..............

16.............. 

17.. ............

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21.............. 

22..............

tys

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27... .. ......... 

28.............. 

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

1914-15. 

1.............. 

2.............. 

3..............

5.............. 

6..............

7.............. 

8..............

10..............

11.............. 

12..............

13.............. 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.............. 

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21.............. 

22.............. 

23.............. 

24.............. 

25..............

26.............. 

27.............. 

28.............. 

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..... ........ .

Oct.

940

1,080 

1,670

1 SWl

1,330 

1,080 

1,030

1,330 

1,330

1,330 

1,300 

1,280 

1,330 

1,330

1,550 

1,550

1,180 

1,160

1,130

8,450 

4,620

2

7Ort

2,440 

2,050

3,080 

4,110 

3,940 

3,620 

3,160 

2,720

1,280 

1,230 

1,130 

1,180

1,230 

1,230

1,230

1,180 

1,130

1 030

1,030 

1,030

1,030 

1,030

1,030

1,130

1,130 

1,060

985

1,130

1,330 

1,330 

1,230 

1,230 

1,130

1,030 

1,180 

1,130 

1,130 

1,230 

1,130

Nov.

1,330

1,620 

1,920 

i 7on

1,670

1,500 

1,440 

1,500

5,800 

10,100

6,350 

5,740 

3,310 

3,010 

2,-720

2,650

2,580

2,310 

2,180,

2,050

2,180 

2,050 

1,980

1,920 

1,920

2,050 

1,920 

1,790 

1,790 

1,790

1,080 

1,030 

1,030 

1,030

1,030 

1,130

1,130 

1,060 

985

940

1,130 

1 030

l'l30

1*030

1,030

3,010 

2,180

2,180

1,920

1,440 

1,280 

1,130 

1,130 

1,230

1,030 

1,230 

1,230 

1,280 

1,330

Dec.

1,790

1,920 

1,790 

t 7on

1,920

1,790 

2,550 

3,310

3,620 

1,670

1,330 

2,180 

2,180 

2,120 

2,050

2,050 

2,180

1,920 

1,670

1,440

1,360 

1,280 

1,230

1,130 

1,500

1,330 

1,230 

1,700 

2,180 

1,920 

1,670

1,330 

1,380 

1,440 

1,330

1,330 

1,230

1,130 

1,030 

1 440

1^440

1,440 

1,030

.......

.......

Jan.

1,670

1,790 

1.670 

1J670

1,670

1,550 

1,440 

1,330

1,330

.......

------

.......

i 70ft

1,550 

1,440

1,550

1,440

1,470 

1,500 

2,180

5,540

4,450 

3,160 

2,440 

2,720 

3,010

2,580 

2,050 

1,920 

1,790

Feb.

2,180 

2,180 

2,180

1,920

1,670 

1,670

:::::..

.......

.......

::.::..

"i,"796"

1,790

1,500

1,500 

1,520

1,550

2,050

3,010 

2,720 

2,580

2,310

2,180 

2,050 

1,920 

1,920 

8,450

28,600 

10,600

7,700

Mar.

5,060

7,820 

19,300 

12,000

6,770

4,280 

3,310 

3,160

3,010 

3,010

2,720 

2,580 

2,180 

2,050 

2,120

2,180 

2,310

2,180 

2,860

2,720

2.580 

2,320 

2,050

1,920 

1,670

2,050 

3,310 

3,460 

4,800 

6,140 

5,740

4,800 

3,620 

3,620 

3,620

3,160 

2,860

2,790 

2,720 

2,720

2,580

2,440 

2,310

2,180 

2,120

2,050

2,050

2,050 

1,920 

1,920

1,920

1,980 

2,050 

1,920 

1,920 

2,310

2,310 

2,310 

2,240 

2,180 

2,180 

2,050

Apr.

6,770

9.920

8,550 

7,180

5,810

4,450

4,280 

4,280

6,140 

8,450

8,240 

7,820 

7,400 

6,140 

5,740

5,740 

4,980

4,800 

11,400

18,000

31,200 

19,100 

9,710

7,820 

5,940

6,780 

7,610 

8,660 

9,290 

13,100

2, aw

1,920 

1,790 

1,860

1,920 

2,050

2,050 

2,720 

2,720

3,010

9,400 

15,800

13,100

5,740

4,450

3,620

3,460 

-3,620 

3,780

3,780

3,620 

3,160 

3,010 

3,160 

3,640

4,110 

3,780 

3,940 

3,620 

3,460

May.

10,000

6,980 

6,770 

6,560

7,190

7,820 

7,190 

6,980

6,980 

6,360

5,740 

5,740 

5,740 

5,740 

5,350

4,620 

4,200

3,780 

3,460

3,310

3,310

3,780 

3,620

3,390 

3,160

3,010 

2,860 

2,580 

2,440 

2,050 

2,050

3,780 

3,860 

3,940 

3,620

3,460 

3,160

2,720 

2,440 

2,650

2,860

2,720 

2,580

2,310 

2,180

2,050

1,980

1,920 

,790 

,790

,920

,920 

,920 

,860 

,790 

1,670

1,500 

a, 670 

1,790 

1,670 

1,580 

1,500

June.

2,050

2,050 

1,920

9 flftfl

3,160

3,310 

3,160

2,180 

1,920

1,790 

1,670 

1,440 

1,550 

1,670

1,790 

1,670

1,670 

1,670

1,670

1,610 

1,550 

1,670

1,550 

1,550

1,500 

1,410 

1,320 

1,230 

1,330

1,440

1,380 

1,330

1,280

1,230 

1,200

1,180 

1,180 

1,130

1,080

1,230 

1,180

1,230

1,280

1,280

1,180

1,440 

1,440 

1,550

1,610

1,670 

1,550 

1,330 

1,280 

1,280

1,200 

1,120 

1,030 

1,440 

1,330

July.

1,440

1,790 

1,920 

1,670

"1,580

1,500 

1,670 

1,790

1,670 

1,550

1,550 

1,670 

1,790 

1,790 

1,670

1,550 

1,440

1,440 

1,550

1,670

1,670 

1,330 

1 440

1,'280 

1,230

1,200 

1,180 

1,130 

1,130 

1,500 

1,380

1,670 

4,280 

6,350 

5,940

5,540 

4,450

3,780 

3,940 

19,300

16,900

10,500 

4,110

3,620 

3,310

1,550

2,720

3,010 

2,860 

2,720

2,580

2,440 

2,440 

2,310 

2,310 

2,380

2,440

2,720 

2.440 

2,860 

2,720 

 2,440

Aug.

1,230

1,360 

1,500 

1 330

l',S30

1,230 

1,230 

1,130

1,280 

1,440-

1,330 

1,380 

1,380 

1,380 

1,330

1,280 

1,230

1,380 

1,330

1,330

1,440 

1,380 

1,360

1,330 

1,330

1,230 

1,330 

1,330 

1,440 

1,940 

2,440

2,510 

2,580 

3,780 

3,460

4,110 

4,110

3,780 

3,540 

3,310

3,620

3,460 

3,160

3,010 

3,160

2,940

2 720

2,650 

2,580 

2,440

2,440

1,920 

3,100 

4,280 

4.110 

3,620

3,940 

3,010 

3,010 

2,530 

2,050 

"2,180

Sept.

2,180

1,670 

1,550 

1 440

1^330

1,090 

850 

1,330

1,230 

1,330

1,230 

1,230 

1,230 

1,230 

1,230

1,230 

1,280

1,230 

1,230

1,230

1,230 

1,130 

,130

,030 

,030

,030 

,180 

1,330 

1,330 

1,330

2,180 

1,920 

1,920 

1,790

1,670 

1,550

1,440 

1.440 

l,44a

1,380

1,380 

1,410

1,440 

1,440

1,440

1,500

1,440 

1,330 

1,380

1,440

1,500 

1,920 

2,180 

1,670 

1,440

1,380 

1,330 

1,440 

1,550 

1,550

NOTE. Discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 10 to Feb. 1,1914, Feb. 8-28,1914, Dec. 13,1914, to Jan. 11, 

1915, and Jan. 30 to Feb. 8,1915. Mean discharge, during periods of ice, estimated by comparison with 

records at Garvins Falls as follows: Jan, 10-25,1914,1,170 second-feet; Jan. 26-31.1914,2,270 second-feet; 

Feb. 1,1914,2,400 second-feet; Feb. 8-28,1914,1,420 second-feet; Dec. 13-31,1915,937 second-feet; Jan. 1-5, 

1915, 940 second-feet; Jan. 6-11, 1915, 1,800 second-feet; Jan. 30-31,1915,1,550 second-feet; Feb. 1-8, 1915,
MBEEIMACK RIVER BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction., N. H.,for the years ending

Sept. SO, 1914-15.

[Drainage area, 1,460 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14. 

October. ................................

November. .............................

February..... ...........................

March..................................

April...................................

May..

June... .................................

July....................................

1914-15. 

October.................................

November. .............................

December. ..............................

January

February..... ...........................

March. .................................

April...................................

May....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

August .................................

The year. .................. , f .....

Discharge in second-feet.

\faTcinvnTTi.

8,450 

10,100 

3,620

19,300 

31,200 

10,000 

3,310 

1,920 

2,440 

2,180

31,200

1,330 

3,010

4,800 

15,800 

3,940 

1,670 

19,300 

4,280 

2,180

19,300

Minimum.

940 

1,330 

1,130

1,670 

4,280 

2,050 

1,230 

1.130 

1,130 

850

850

985 

940

1,920 

1,790 

1,500 

1,030 

1,550 

1,920 

1,330

............

Mean.

2,160 

2,700 

1,860 

1,500 

1,580 

4,120 

8,840 

4,930 

1,870 

1,520 

1,390 

1,270

2,810

1,150 

1,280 

l'080 

1,970 

3,530 

2,480 

4,140 

2,340 

1,300 

4,410 

3,130 

1,560

2,360

Per 

square 

mile.

1.48 

1.85 

1.27 

1.03 

1.08 

2.82 

6.05 

3.38 

1.28 

L04 

.952 

.870

1.92

0.788 

.877 

.740 

1.35 

2.42 

1.70 

2.84 

1.60 

.890 

3.02 

2.14 

1.07

1.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.71 

2.06 

1.46 

1.19 

1.12 

3.25 

6.75 

3.90 

1.43 

1.20 

1.10 

.97

26.14

'.I..,', 1 1 1.. Ml. 1.. =

0.91 

.98 

.85 

1.56 

2.52 

1.96 

3.17 

1.84 

.99 

3.48 

2.47 

1.19

21.92

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

MERRIMACK RIVER AT GARVINS FALLS, N. H.

LOCATION. At the dam of the Manchester Traction, Light & Power Co., at Garvins 

Falls, 4 miles below Concord, Merrimack County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,340 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1904 to September 30, 1915.

DAM. During 1903-4 an overfall dam of the ogee type was completed. This dam is 

550 feet long between abutments and about 800 feet over all, including the head 

gates, and is of stone masonry substantially built. The new dam and head gates 

are situated about 800 feet downstream from the old dam, which was destroyed 

on the completion of the new structure.

CANALS AND WASTE WAYS. A canal about 500 feet long and 74 feet wide at the water 

line has been completed; in the sides of this canal wasteways are provided, one 

90 feet long at elevation 102 feet (the main crest of the dam being taken as elevation 100) and another 45 feet long at elevation 103 feet. A waste gate, 10 feet 

wide and capable of being lowered to elevation 93 feet, is also provided for use in 

floating out any obstacles which lodge against the rocks.

TURBINES. Six triplex turbines of somewhat more than 1,000 horsepower each and 

one small duplex turbine of 75 horsepower used in running exciters. Each 

large unit has three 39-inch runners mounted on a horizontal shaft which revolves 

at 180 revolutions a minute. Two of the wheels in each set discharge through a 

common T center and draft tube near the forebay wall. The third wheel is set 

opposite a quarter turn at the downstream end of the casing and discharges through 

this quarter turn into a smaller.draft tube. The top of the penstock opening ia at
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

elevation 95.5. The lower ends of the draft tubes are horizontal and are about 2 

feet below the elevation of usual tail water. The gates for the runners are of the 

plain, cylindrical pattern, without fingers, and are -controlled by governors. 

The average head on the wheels is about 29 feet, and there are six 650-kilowatt 

3-phase generators directly connected with the turbines.

tlTiLizATioN OF POWER. The power developed is transmitted at 12,000 volts tension 

to a substation at Manchester, about 14 miles away, where it is transformed to a 

lower voltage and utilized for light and power. ' , COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Careful records of the pond and tailrace levels and 

wheel openings have been kept by the company since the dam waa completed 

in 1904 and have been furnished for computations of discharge.

WINTER PLOW. Flow over dam is somewhat affected by ice during winter.

ACCURACY. Wheel ratings somewhat uncertain and records considered only fair.

COOPERATION. Computations of discharge for 1914 and 1915 were made by Metcalf & 

Eddy, consulting engineers. Boston.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H.,for the years

ending Sept. 30,1914-15.

Day.

1913-14. 

1.. ......

2........ 

3........

4. .......

5. .......

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12. .......

13........

14........

15. .......

16........

17........

18........ 19....:...

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........

31........

Oct.

1,832

2,233 

1,625

3,956

3,140

2,364

2,293

2,246

2,109

2,076

1,630

918

1,148

2,724

2,524

2,370

2,197

2,090

1,518

2,133

2,812

5,710

3,609

3,310

2,288

2,664

3,926

4,927

3, 886

3,294

3,373

Nov.

3,425

2,885 

2,910

2,730

2,622

2,721

2,611

2,554

1,884

3,068

10,020

6,441

4,841

3 934

3,' 562

3,123

3,071

3,204

2,976

2 CUQ

3*,876

3,977

3,141

3,126

3,067

2,983

2,501

2,608

2,687

2,079

Dec.

2,602

2,751 

2,651

2

01 0

3,050

3,122

2,527

3 AGO

5,566

4 flSQ

4,257

3 144

3' 349

2 934

3,' 086

3,284

3,123

3,041

1,829

2,451

2,018

2,633

2,776

2,202

2,345

2,274

2,368

2,065

2,410

2,534

2,410

Jan.

2,000

2,280 

1,970

1 740 o'oo/t

2 OKA

2 9on

2

0-1 A

2,270

2 9A/1

1,630

2

-ICA

1,880 i ion

1,530

1,610

1,930

I

Aftfl

1,600

2,080

2,000

2,000

2,010

1 960 i' <un

2,230

2,650

3,070

3,180

3,310

3,120

Feb.

2

QQA

3,120 

3,070

3,040

2 (VIA

2,820

2,710

n oon

2,460

2,540

2,350

2,870

2,090

2,050

1,820

2,210

1,960

2,240

2,150

2,030

2,000

1,720 1 ftdn

I

oen

1 CU/1

i onn

1,980

2,780

........

Mar.

3,820

5,840 

13 240

W'ssn

15,110

12,570

10,230

8,490

7

AKt\

6,220

5,540

5,010

4,610

4

qon

3,970

S Qfifi

4,140

4,360

4 «on

4,770

4,210

3,970

3,780

3

7f\rt

3,580

4,010

5,560

10,180

16,680

16,190

13,920 J

Apr.

12,240

14,380

1Q fi*Wl

19 (um

in 7on

9,320

8

QOA

10,750

17 1QA

1A Qfifl

12,860

13,360

-12,650

10,850

10,110

10,530

10,020

10,560

15,840

30 140

20,360

15,080

12,490

10,880

13,030

16,220

17,750

18,850

May.

18,820

16,490

19 ftftrt

11,710

11,820

19 A£/1

13,100

19 Q3ft

10,610

11,910

10,700

* Q 71ft

8,980

9

AAf\

9 ^fift

8,170

6,810

6,520

6,420

6,100

5,920

5,620

5,190 d 7on

4,460

3,860

3,710

3,720

3,450

3,020

2,670

June.

2 ion

2,680 

2,700

2,500

3,670

5,570

S Qfifl

3

OQrt

3,100

2 OOA

2,840

2,200

2,110

1,920

1,820

2,030

2,210

2,180

2,300

2,230

1,700

2,080

'2,040

2,020

2,110

1,900

1,700

1,500

2,390

1,810

July.

1 900

1,'920 

1,820

2

r>cn

2,120

2,270

2,620

2.510

2; 650

2,550

2,340

2,320

3,230

2,680

2,500

2,180

1,980

1,780

1,230

2,000

1,920

1,920

1,880

1,860

1,560

1,100

1,680

1,720

1,570

1,640

1,880

Aug.

1 640 i,'no

1,880

1

QQA

1,820

1,750

1,700

1,590

1,130

1,550

1,750

1,560

1,590

1,620

1,680

1,130

1,700

1,790

1,730 i 7tm

1,890

1,960

1,600

1,890

1,630

1,670

1,530

1 630

1,520

2,450

3,250

Sept.

2,760

2,330 

2,060

I

ftfin

1,560

i Ain

1,650

Ii610

1,690

1,800

1,820

1,580

1,440

1,680

1,270

1,710

1,660

1,560

1,280

, 940

1,470

*,710

1,580

1,390

1,660

1,420

840

1,640

1,850

1,630
MEEEIMACK EIVEE BASIN". 61

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H., for the years 

ending Sept. 80, 1914-15 Continued.

Wy.

1914-15. 

!...>....

2........

3........

4.........

5........

6........

7........

8......:.

9........

10..'......

11........

12........

13..'......

14........

15........

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........ 

25........

26........ 

27........

28........

29........ 

30........

31........

Oct.

1,200 

1,770

1 Ifin

800

1,380 

1,430

1,460

1,550

1,350

1,310

990

970

1,070

1,370

1,380

1,600

1,200

1,090

1,620

1,270

1,520

2,150

1,510

1,630

Q7A

1,600 

1,880

1,620

1,450

1 4Qft

1,350

Nov.

1,120 

1,490

1,380

1,600

1^530 

1,480

1,570

1,110

1,450

1,570

1,540

1,740

1,570

1,380

1,090

1,510

1.940

3,030

2,470

2,100

1,900

1,260

1,590

1,730 

2,010

1,290 

2,030

1,770

1,300 

2,130

Dee.

2,240 

2,210

2 i4n

2,530

2,650 

2,010

1,780

2,190

2,110

2^100

1,920

1,830

910

1 7Qfl

1 660

1,550

1,920

1,670

1,610

1,210

1,620

1,370

1,550

1,380 

970

1,330 

980

1 340

l'640 

i 4on

1,670

Jan.

1,240 

1 580

1,130

1,600

1,570

I Qfifl

1 720 2' 010

2,860"

2,590

2,570

2,490

2,390

2,220

2,230

2,120

1,430

2,370

3,430

6,410

8,470

6,620

5,340

4,040 

3,600

3,690 

3,350

3,300

3,070

2 78ft

2,320

Feb.

2,300 

2,460

2,330

2,160

2,250 

2,340

2,370

2,720

3,100

3,240

3,150

2,790

2,600

2, 480

2,410

2,950

4,050

5,400

5,120

4 400

4,000

3,630

3,570

3,730

A Q7fl

27,610 

26,830

18,700

........

Mar.

13,880 

10,670

6,770

6,090

6,970 

5,140

5,080

4,910

4,870

4,680

4 4fln

4,170

3,710

3 48ft

3,670

4,360

3,160

3,080

3,130

2,950

2,630

3,310

3,170

3,370 

3,730

4,640 

4,820

4,030

3,980 

3,660

3,420

Apr.

3,310 

3,480

3

EQA

3,310

3,330 

3,500

3,970

4,240

4 Qon

6,430

7,520

15,290

19,620

13 640

10,090

8,260

7,100

6,750

6,080

5,800

5,630

5,170

4,420

4,060 

3,860

5,670 

6,560

6,000

4,810 

4,520

May.

7,370 

9,730

7,310

6,420

5,700 

5,160

4 4fin

4,200

3,970

4,370

4,010

3,860

3,510

3,320

3,270

2,810

2,660

2,740

2,860

2,530

2,590

2,650

2,260

2,480 

2,450

2,420

2,440 

1,870

1,950

June.

2,340 

2,140

1,910

1,710

1,600 

1,210

1,820

1,600

1,880

1,760

1,900

1,630

1,200

1,830

1,890

1,790

1,920

1,920

2,310

1 690

2,190

2,410

2,680

2,140 

2,250

1,890 

840

2,140

1,620 

1,750

July.

1,850 

2,280

5

1 An

7,590

10,040

7 OSrt

7,050

7,270

31,320

27,600

17,500

7,410

6,760

5,990

2,850

4,930

5,510

5,230

4,950

4,670

4,610

4,610

4,350

4,290 

4,380

4,480 

5,120

4,540

5,250 

4,990

4,540

Aug.

4,7W 

4,860

A Qfift

6 260.

7^550

7 480

6^830

6 44ft

6,060

6,680

6,330

5,860

3,5SO

5,720

5,390

5,060

4,900

4 74(1

4,480

4,420

3,630

5,730

7,840

7,550 

6,690

7,260 

5,450

5,380

4,500 

3,630

3,690

Sept.

3,690 

3,460

3,290

3,070

3,000

9 (Ufl

' 2,750

2,750

2,260

2,320

2 rw»

1,140

2,420

2,050

I osn

1,710

2,280

1,890

1,020

2 1 fin

1,950

2,550

3,140

3,240

2 43TI

1,970 

2,580

2,090

2,590 

2,400

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H.,for the years ending Sept.

30, 1914-15. 

[Drainage area, 2,340 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

1914-15.

March.........................................

.April...:.........................-.........-...

May.................... .......................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,710 

10,020 

5,566 

3,310

32 j 490 

18,820 

5,570 

3,230 

3,250 

2,760

32,490

2,150 

3,030 

2,650 

8,470 

27,610 

13,880 

19,620 

9,730 

2,680 

31,320 

7,840 

3,690

31,320

Minimum.

918 

1,884 

1,829 

1,190 

1,720 

3,580 

8,860 

2,670 

1,500 

1,100 

1,110 

840

840

800 

1,090 

910 

1,130 

2,160 

2,630 

3,310 

1,870 

840 

1,850 

3,580 

1,020

800

Mean.

2,675 

3,385 

2,896 

2,120 

2,350 

7,450 

14,700 

8 420 

2,470 

2050 

1,720 

1,640

4,330

1,400 

1,660 

1,720 

2,980 

5,490 

4710 

6,370 

3,750 

1,870 

7,260 

5,670 

2,440

3,770

Per 

square 

mile.

1.14 

1.45 

1.24 

.906 

1.00 

3.18 

6.28 

3.60 

1.06 

.876 

.735 

.701

1.85

0.598 

.709 

.735 

1.27 

2.35 

2.01 

2..T2 

1.60 

.799 

3.10 

2.42 

1.04

1.61

\ 

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

1.62 

1.43 

1.04 

1.04 

3.67 

7.01 

4.15 

1.18 

1.01 

'.85 

.78

25.09

0.69 

0.79 

.85 

1.46 

2.45 

2.32 

3.04 

1.84 

.89 

3.57 

2.79 

1.16

21.85
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

MERRIMACK RIVER AT LAWRENCE, MASS.

LOCATION. At the dam of the Essex Co. in Lawrence, Essex County.

DRAINAGE AREA.' Total of Merrimack River basin above Lawrence, 4,663 square 

miles; net drainage area, exclusive of diverted parts of Nashua and Sudbury 

River and Lake Cochituate basins, 4,452 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1880, to September 30, 1915.

COMPUTATIONS OP DISCHARGE. Accurate record is kept of the flow over the dam and 

through the various wheels and gates. This flow includes the water wasted into 

the Merrimack from the Nashua, Sudbury, and Cochituate drainage basins. 

Estimates of the quantity wasted from these basins is furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston and subtracted from the quantity 

measured at Lawrence to obtain the net flow from the net drainage area of 4,452 

square miles.

DIVERSIONS. Practically the entire flow of the South Branch of Nashua River, Sudbury River, and Lake Cochituate is diverted for use by the Metropolitan water 

district of Boston.

REGULATION. Flow regulated to some extent by storage in Lake Winnepesaukee. 

The low water flow of the stream is affected by operation of various power plants 

above Lawrence.

.STORAGE. There are several reservoirs in the basin. It is estimated that the water 

surface is about 3.5 per cent of the entire drainage area.

ACCURACY. These records are obtained with great care and are considered good; 

those for the later years are probably more accurate than those for the earlier 

years.

COOPERATION. The entire record has been furnished by R. A. Hale, principal assistant engineer of the Essex Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

.Day.

1914-15. 

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

IS.......

16....... 

17....... 

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29

30.......

31.......

Oct.

1,674

1,726

938

119

1,706

1,694

1.690

1,708

1,736

980

113

69

1,660

1,730

1,719

1,682 

1,028 

126

1,732

1,912

1,883 

1,830

1,817

QQ7

115

1,783

1,837

1,720

1,707

974

Nov.

143

1,718

1,736

1,768

1,770

1,729

1,006

119

1,698

1,724

1,655

1,647

1,744

1,008

125

1,770

1,796 

1,885

2,553

2,801

1,924 

696

3,035

2,870

2,873

947

1,611

978

132

2,956

Dec.

2,339

2,317

2,488

2,726

1,887

710

2,919

2,673

2

4*>4

2,199

1,550

458

2,638

2,980

2,627 

2,377 

2,371

1,451

1QO

2,028 

2,178

2,195

2,119

541

953

149

2,069

2,031

1,967

2,053

Jan.

1,655

1,167

250

1,855

1,867

1,794

2,531

3,533

4,226

4,300

5,178

4,211

4,270

4 462

4 371

2,823 

1,961 

5,351

10,376

10 yoA

13,589 

10,991

7,688

6,546

7 140

6,287 f; A40

5,250

2 QQ1

3,432

2,813

Feb.

5,069

4,098

3

GAQ

3,291

3 9QQ

2,431

1,701

5,285

4,600

4

QQ7

4,664

4,383

3,022

2,901

5,179

5,083 

6,750 

8,218

8,202

8,090

6,080 

6,030 7 t&n

7,150

9,100

26,300

qo onn

27,054

Mar.

20,559

14 444

11,321

9 071

8,539

7,427

6,967

7,918

6,106

6,593

6,325

6.088

4,685

4,548

6,321

5,295 

4,466 

4,666

4,761

3,581

3,650 

5,520

4 7Q4

4,617

4,828

5,428

5,691

5,313

6,100

5 451

5,059

Apr.

4 660

4' 449

3,679

4,090

5,608

5,104

5,461

6,298

6,843

7,736

8,790

14,045

20,562

18, 707

14,274

11,538 

9,608 

8,536

8,227

8,140

7,269 

6,730

6,554

4,943

4,648

6,260

6,643

7,441

6,687

6,068

May.

6,784

11,227

11,020

9,462

8,362

7,476.

6,666

5,869

5,358

6,802

5,912

5,446

5,035

4,902

3,651

3,610 

5,418 

4,352

3,868

3,745

3,617 

2,693

1,876

4,470

3,365

3,158

3,209

3,087

2 nn7

1,587

2,174

June.

4,089

3,298

3,077

2,676

1,799

428

2,302

2,411

2 >\4ft

2 "MR

2,226

1,335

152

2,238

2,389

2,453 

2,065 

1,919

1,221

947

3,224

2,875

2,740

2,829

2,508

1,542

,408

2,570

2,539

2,341

July.

2,681

3,172

4,797

10,559

10,635

9,266

7,845

6,774

15,303

29,926

22,714

16,713

12,342

9,327

7,865

7,114 

5,835 

5,143

5 907

5,218

4,791

4 <vS3

4,517

3,664

3,096

4,603

4,420

5,168

6,085

6,650

6,200

Aug.

5,333

6,352

6,025

7,765

15,635

21.786

18,978

15,753

15, 118

14,443

13451

11,503

10,060

8,902

8,449

9,027 

9.209 

7,929

6,982

6,180

4,595 

3,819

5,783

9,142

10,347

8,260

7 44rt

5,793

4,592

,5,286

4,470

Sept.

4,470

4,221

3 Q77

3,083

2,586

2,343

4 4QS

3,884

2,63T

2,878

1,949

896

3,884

3 3DA

2,809

2,700 

2,793 

1,989

487

9 flfti

2,929

S fifiO

2,816

3 771

2,808

1,960

4,289

3,121

2,870

2,889

NOTE. The above table shows the actual flow at Lawrence; not corrected for water wasted by the 

Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board.

* See footnote to tables of weekly discharge.
MEEEIMACK EIVEE BASIN. 63

Weekly discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

(Weeks arranged in order of dryness.]

Week 

ending Sunday 

Oct. 18

4

Nov. 15

Oct. 11

Nov. 8

1

Dec. 27

Oct. 25

Jan. 3

Nov. 29

June 20

Nov. 22

June 13

Dec. 20

6

13

June 27

6

Sept. 19

12

26

Jan. 10

May 30

Feb. 7

May 23 Jan. 17

Sept. 5

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area,

4,663 

square 

miles).

1,145

1,348

1,372

1,375

1,407

1,408

1,452

1,469

1,599

1,778

1,890

1,918

1,929

2,091

2,203

2,268

2,304

2,506

2,552

2,726

2,805

2,872

2,983

3,362

3,653

3,897 

4,013

Wasting 

into Merrimack

from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins

(211 

square 

miles).

7

1 8

29

8

26

10

30

8

28

27

' 10

31

10

39

29

31

9

11

12

19

19

66

16

150

21

145

24

From net

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square

miles.

1,138

1,340

.1,343

1,367

1,381

1,398

1,422

1,461

1,571

1,751

1,880

1,887

1,919

2,052

2,174

2,237

2,295

2,495

2,540

2,707

2,786

2,806

2,967

3,212

3,632

3

*7RO

, tQZ

3,989

Per

square 

mile of 

net 

drainage

area.

0.256

.301

.302

.307

.310

.314

.319

.328

.353

.393

.422

.424

.431

.461

.488

.502

.515

.560

.571

.608

.626

.630

.666

.721

.816 

843

!S96

Week 

ending SundayJuly 4

Feb. 14

July 25

Mar. 21

Apr. 4

May 16

Jan. 31

Mar. 28

Aug. 1

Mar. 14

Apr. 11

25

Feb. 21

Aug. 22

May 2

Aug. 29

May *9

July 18

Jan. 24

Mar. 7

Aug. 15

8

Apr. 18

July 11

Feb. 28

Year.

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 

4,663

square 

miles).

4,094

4,250

' 4,535

4,677

4,784

5,051

5,109

5,170

5,494

6,038

6,549

6,644

6,800

6,820

7,301

7,337

7,745

9,191

9,701

11,318

11,704

13, 185

13,896

14,638

17,485

4,997

Wasting 

into Merrimack

from 

 diverted 

drainage 

basins

(211 

square 

miles).

105

196

51

33

27

20

153

30

45

70

43

22

264

59

33

48

35

76

341

147

131

245

14

167

258

66

From net

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square

miles.

3,989

4,054

4,484

4,644

4,757

5,031

4,956

5,140

5,449

5,968

6,506

6,622

6,536

6,761

7,268

7,289

7,710

9,115

9,360

11, 171

11,573

12,940

13,882

14,471

17,227

4,931

Per

square 

mile of 

net 

drainage

area.

0.896

.911

1.007

1.043

1.069

1.130

1.113

1.155

1.224

1.341

1.461

1.487

1.468

1.519

1.633

1.637

1.732

2.047

2.102

2.509

2.600

2.907

3.118

3.250

3.869

1.108

NOTE.-r-Estim.ates of discharge wasted from diverted drainage area based on data furnished by the 

Metropolitan Water and Sewage Board of Boston.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Month.

April.............

May..............

July..............

The year...

Mean discharge in second-feet.

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 4,663 

square 

miles).

1,358 

1,614 

1,976 

4,972 

7,974 

6,678 

7,987 

" 5,039 

2,189 

8,158 

9,303 

2,936

5,015

Wasting 

into Merrimack from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins (211 

square 

miles).

8 

28 

31 

162 

218 

65 

26 

25 

10 

98 

113 

18

67

From net 

drainage 

area of 

4,452 

square 

miles.

1,350

1,586 

1,945 

4,810 

7,756 

6,613 

7,961 

5,014 

2,179 

8,060 

9,180 

2,918

4,948

Per square 

mile of net 

drainage 

area.

0.303 

.356 

.437 

1.080 

1.742 

1.485 

1.788 

1.126 

.489 

1.810 

2.064 

.655

1.110

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.349 

.397 .504- 

1.245 

1.814 

1.712 

1.995 

1.298 

.546 

2.087 

2.379 

.731

15.057

Per cent of 

rainfall.

23.7 

15.3 

16.9 

25.1 

51.0 

2,140.0 

89.5 

81.6 

22.7 

21.6 

38.9 

55.4

38.7

Rainfall in 

inches.

1.47 

2.60 

2.99 

4.96 

3.56 

.08 

2.23 

1.59 

! 2. 41 

i 9.62 

6.12 

; 1.32

i 38.95

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inchesi shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly 

discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little storea water 

is held over from year to year. - 1
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

SOUTH BRANCH OF NASHUA RIVER BASIN (WACHUSETT DRAINAGE BASIN) NEAR 

CLINTON, WORCESTER COUNTY, MASS.

DRAINAGE ABBA. The area of the basin has been artificially changed at times in 

connection with the water-supply systems of the Metropolitan district. From 

1896 to 1907, 119 square miles; 1908 to 1913, 118.19 square miles; 1914 to 1915, 

108.84 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July, 1896, to September, 1915.

DETERMINATION OP DISGORGE. South Branch of Nashua River has been utilized 

in the water-supply development for the Metropolitan district of Boston.

The flow is affected by storage- in Wachusett reservoir and several ponds. 

Investigations of the water supply have been made by the Metropolitan Water 

and Sewerage Board since July, 1896. Since 1897 the estimates of discharge have 

been corrected for gain or loss in the reservoir and ponds, so that the record 

shows approximately the natural flow of the stream.

The yield per square mile is the yield of the drainage area including the water 

surfaces. For the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive, the water surface amounted to 

2.2 per cent of the total area; 1903, 2.4 per cent; 1904, 3.6 per cent; 1905, 4.1 per 

cent; 1906, 5.1 per cent; 1907, 6 per cent; 1908-1915, 7 per cent.

COOPERATION. Complete record for the calendar years furnished by the Metropolitan 

Water and Sewerage Board of Boston and changed to the climatic year by engineers of the Geological Survey.

Yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin (Wachusett drainage area) 

near Clinton, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 108.84.square miles.]

Month.

January ............ .....

April..........................

May...... ..... ....

July..........................

Total yield 

(million 

gallons).

459.3 

687.9 

1,256.6 

6,956.9 

5,975.4 

1,930.2 

3X024. 5 

1,534.2 

743.8 

3,654.5 

5,590.4 

515.5

32,329.2

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.136 

.211 

.372 

2.062

1.961 

.572 

.926 

,455 

.228 

1.083 

1.657 

.158

.814

Secondfeet.

0.211 

.326 

.576 

3.1,90 

3.034 

.885 

1.443 

.704 

.353 

1.676 

2.564 

.244

1.260

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.243 

.364 

.664 

3.678 

9.159 

1.020 

1.599 

.811 

.393 

1.932 

2.956 

.272

17.091

Per cent of 

rainfall.

12.9 

12.3 

17.1 

58.3 

95.3 

1,700.6 

88.9 

48.5 

12.4 

22.4 

42.8 

17.8

40.6

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.88 

2.97 

3.89 

6.313 

3.315 

.060 

1.798 

1.673 

3.W5 

8.605 

6.900 

1.533

42. 112
MERBIMACK EIVEE BASIN. 65

Summary of yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin ( Wachusett drainage 

area) near Clinton, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1897-1915.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.«]

Month.

1897-1915.

April..........................

June. . ........................

July...........................

Total yield 

» (million 

gallons).

33,668.5 

48,056.5 

74,064.9 

79,014.2 

80,831.7 

165,840.7 

131,084.7 

75,080.0 

43,426.4 

26,323.5 

28, 114. 8 

20,367.1

805,872.8

Yield per square mile.

Mfllidn 

gallons 

per day.

0.525 

.775 

1.155 

1.233 

1.388 

2.587 

2.113 

1.171 

.700 

.411 

.439 

.328

1.068

Secondfeet.

1 0.812 

1.199 

1.787 

1.907 

2. 148 

4.002 

3.268 

1.812 

1.083 

.635 

.678 

.508

1.652

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.936 

1.338 

2.060 

2.198 

2.249 

4.614 

3.648 

2.089 

1.208 

.732 

.782 

.567

22.421

Per cent of 

rainfall.

26.9 

39.5 

50.4 

58.2 

60.8 

111.1 

95.5 

62.2 

34.2 

17.6 

18.1 

16.2

49.5

Rairifall 

(inches).

3.483 

3.388 

4.086 

3.779 

3.702 

4.153 

3.821 

3.360 

3.533 

4.165 

4.316 

3.494

45.280

a Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in this table have been 

reduced to correspond with the present drainage area.

SUDBURY RIVER AND LAKE COCHITUATE BASINS NEAR FRAMINGHAM AND 

COCHITUATE, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASS.

DRAINAGE AREA. The areas of Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins have been 

artificially changed at times in connection with the water-supply systems of the 

Metropolitan district. Area of Sudbury basin from 1875 to 1878, inclusive, 77.8 

. square miles; 1879-80, 78.2 square miles; 1881-1915r 75.2 square miles; area of 

Cochituate basin from 1863 to 1909, inclusive, 18.87 square miles; 1910,17.8 square 

miles; 1911 to 1915, 17.58 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Sudbury River basin, January, 1875, to September, 1915; Lake 

Cochituate basin, January, 1863, to September, 1915. Sudbury River and Lake 

Cochituate have been studied by the engineers of the city of Boston, the State 

board of health of Massachusetts, and the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board; 

records of rainfall have b'een kept in the Sudbury basin since 1875 and in the 

Cochituate basin since 1852, but Cochituate records prior to 1872 are of doubtful 

accuracy.

REGULATION. The greater part of the flow from these basins is controlled by storage 

reservoirs constructed by the city of Boston and the Metropolitan Water and 

Sewerage Board. Lake Cochituate, which drains into Sudbury River a short 

distance below Framingham, is controlled as a storage reservoir by the Metropolitan Water Works. In the Sudbury River basin the water surfaces exposed to 

evaporation have been increased from 'time to time by the construction of additional storage reservoirs. From 1875 to 1878, inclusive, the water surface 

amounted to 1.9 per cent of the total area; from 1879 to 1884, to 3 per cent; 1885 

to 1893, to 3.4 per cent; 1894 to 1897, to 3.9 per cent; 1898 and subsequent years, 

6.5 per cent.

DETERMINATION os1 DISCHARGE. In determining the run-off of the Sudbury and 

Cochituate drainage basins the water diverted for the municipal supply of Framingham, Natick, and Westboro, which discharge their sewage outside the basins, 

is taken into consideration; the results, however, are probably less accurate 

since the sewerage diversion works were constructed. The public water and, 

sewerage works were installed in these towns as follows:

60411° WSP 401 17 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I,

Dates of installation of water and sewerage works in Framingham, Natwk, and Westboro.

Town.

Framingham . . / . ............

Natick 7. ............... 1 ......................................................

Westboro .....................................................................

Water 

supply.

1885

1874

1879

Sewerage 

works.

1889

1896

1892

Water from the Wachusett drainage basin passes into the reservoirs in the 

Sudbury basin and must be measured to determine the yield of the Sudbury 

basin; the accuracy of the estimates of the Sudbury water supply during months 

of low yield in years subsequent to 1897 is impaired by the errors unavoidable 

in the measurement of large quantities of water.

COOPERATION. Complete records for calendar years furnished by the Metropolitan 

Water and Sewerage Board of Boston; changed to the climatic year by engineers 

of the Geological Survey.

Yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................

November. ...................

July..........................

The y«ar .................

Totalyield 

(million 

gallons).

-137. 5 

219.8 

582.6 

3,797.4 

3,937.1 

1,383.4 

1,330.1 

594.5 

227.9 

2,437.0 

2,723.5 

86.7

17. 182. 5

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

-0.059 

.097 

.250 

1.629 

1.870 

.593 

.590 

.255 

.101 

1,045 

1.168 

.038

.626

Secondfeet.

-0.091 

.151 

. .387 

2.520 

2.893 

.918 

.912 

.395 

.156 

1.617 

1.808 

.059

.969

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

-0.105 

 .168 

.446 

2.906 

3.013 

1.059 

1.018 

.455 

.174 

1.865 

2.084 

.066

13. 149

Per cent of 

rainfall.

-6.6 

6.7 

12.9 

44.7 

84.1 

2,116.9 

41.0 

26.1 

4.8 

23.0 

35.5 

6.1

32.3

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.60 

2.53 

3.46 

6.508 

3.583 

.050 

2.483 

1.743 

3.653 

8.125 

5.870 

1.095

40.700

Summary of yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. SO, 1876-1915.

[ Drainage area, 75.2 « square mites.]

Month.

Mav

July..........................

August. ......................

The vear. ...............

Totalyield 

(million 

gallons).

89,711.9 

68,760.6 

91,040.0 

114,048.8 

143,355.2 

257, 468. 6 

176, 882. 2 

98,052.9 

«, 261. 7 

15,900.1 

22,763.7 

19,973.1

1.088.218. R

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.426 

.762 

.976 

1.223 

1.687 

2.761 

1.949 

1.052 

.457 

.172 

.244 

.221

.mi

Secondfeet.

0.659 

1.179 

1.510 

1.892 

2.610 

4.272 

3.016 

1.628 

.707 

.266 

.378 

.342

1.583

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.76fl 

1.315 

1.741 

2.181 

2.740 

4.925 

3:865 

1.877 

.789 

.307 

.436 

.382

20.818

Per cent of 

rainfall.

19.7 

S4.7

45.7 

52.4 

66.4 

113.8 

95.4 

57.4 

27.2 

8.4 

11.1 

11.5

46.6

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.86 

3.79 

3.81 

4.16 

4.13 

4.32 

3.53 

3.27 

2.90 

3.65 

3.91 

3.33

44.66

a- The drainage area has been changed at different times, but quantities in this table have been reduced 

to correspond with the present drainage area.
BLACKSTONE EIVEB 67

Yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1915.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]

t 

Month.

April.........................

Ifiy.. ........................

July..........................

Total yield 

(million 

gallons).

10.5 

108.7 

191.1 

1,012.3 

1,084.3 

349.5 

306.3 

123.8 

47.9 

571.5 

565.4 

51.1

4,422.4

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.019 

.195 

.351 

1.857 

2.203 

.641 

.581 

.227 

.091 

1.049 

1.037 

.097

.689

Secondfeet.

0.030 

.301 

.543 

2.874 

3.408 

.992 

.899 

.351 

.141 

1.623 

1.605 

.150

.1.066

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.03 

.35 

.63 

3.314 

3.549 

1.144 

1.003 

.405 

.157 

1.871 

1.851 

.167

14.471

Per cent of 

rainfall.

2.0 

14.5 

18.5 

50.4 

91.5 

1,439.0 

35.6 

25.5 

.4 

2.2 

3.2 

1.9

35.4

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.69

2.45 

3.38 

6.57 

3.88 

.01 

'2.82 

1.59 

3.51 

8.38 

5.72 

.88

40.88

Summary of yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. SO, 1864-1915. I

[Drainage area, 17.58 » square miles.]

Month,

April.........................

MSy.. ........................

July..........................

Total yield 

(million 

gallons).

15,009.3 

20,707.9 

25,707.7- 

31,422.3 

39,008.1 

60,787.5 

45,181 7 

26,889.0 

12,042.9 

' 7,199.2 

10,920.2 

10,799.7

305,670.5

Yield per square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.530 

.755 

.907 

1.109 

1.511 

\ 2.145 

1.647 

.949 

.439 

254 

.385 

.394

.915

Secondfeet.

0.819 

1.171 

1.407 

1.716 

2.338 

3.319 

2.548 

L468 

.679 

393 

.596 

.610

1.416

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches).

0.95 

1.30 

1.62 

1.98 

2.45 

3.83 

2.84 

1.69 

.76 

.45 

.69 

.68

19.24

Per cent of 

rainfall.

23.1 

32.8 

45.3 

50.4 

62.8 

89 3' 

81.9 

47.2 

25.7 

11.9 

16.7 

19.1

42.6

Rainfall 

(inches).

4.09 

3.97 

3.57 

3.93 

3.91 

4.29 

3.47 

3.58 

2.96 

3.77 

4.14 

3.55

45.23

oThe drainage area has been changed at different times, but quantities in this table have been reduced to 

correspond with the present drainage area.

BLACKSTONE RIVER BASIN.

BLACKSTONE RIVER AT ALBION, R. I.

LOCATION. At the dam of the Valley Falls Co. in Albion, Providence County.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 433 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1,1914, to September 30,1915.

GAOE. Staff gage on the pond 25 feet above the dam, staff gage in the canal near

v entrance to the wheels, and staff gage in the lower tailrace; read five times a day

at 6.15, 9 and 11.30 a. m., 3 and 5.30 p. m. Water-stage recorder installed on the

pond 40 feet above the dam August 3, 1915.
68 SURFACE-WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, from temporary footbridges across canals, or by wading.

COMPUTATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow over dam determined from rating curve based 

on current meter measurements; discharge through wheels determined^ from 

measurements of flow in canals. Records are kept of wheel operations which are 

nearly always at full-gate openings during working hours. Variations in load are 

carried by an auxiliary steam plant.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the flow is practically all controlled by the power 

plants along the river and is held in storage by dams during the hours when the 

mills are not in operation.

ACCURACY. A study is being made by means of continuous records of gage height to 

determine how closely the readings made five times a day during working hours 

represent the conditions during those periods, and to determine also the ratio 

between 10-hour and 24-hour flow. Monthly mean discharge only is published.

COOPERATION. Gage-height observations on staff gages are furnished by Mr. Arnold B. 

Chace, of the Valley Falls Co.

Discharge measurements of Blackstone River and canals at Albion, R. I., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by Hardin Thweatt.]

Date.

Aug. 2...........

Do.........

Aug. 3..........

Do.........

Gage 

height.o

Feet.

0.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6216

c340

<*321

495'

Date.

Do.........

Do.........

Gage 

height.o

Feet.

1.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,760

«312

«313

1,950

Date.

Aug. 9..........

Do.........

Aug. 11.........

Gage 

height .a

Feet.

0.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

f 349

725

0214

a Pond gage above dam.

6 In taflrace No. 1; head on wheels 12.7 feet.

c In taflrace No. 2; head on wheels 12.8 feet.

d In taflrace No. 2; head on wheels 13.0 feet.

e In taflrace No. 2; head on wheels 12.9 feet. ,

/ In taflrace No. 2; head on wheels 13.1 feet.

a In taflrace No. l; head on wheels 13.0 feet.

NOTE. Measurements indicate flow of river except as noted.

Monthly discharge of Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 433 square miles.]

Month.

October

Discharge in 

, second-feet.

Mean.

365 

296 

253 

1,090 

1,570 

771 

568

Per 

square 

mile.

0.843 

.684 

.584 

2.52 

3.63 

1.78 

1.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97

.76 

.67 

2.90 

3.78 

2.05 

1.46

1 

Month.

May...................

July...................

Discharge in 

second-feet.

Mean.

340 

296 

465 

637 

168

562

Per

square 

mile.

0.785 

.684 

1.07 

1.47 

.388

1.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90 

.76 

1.23 

1.70 

.43

17.61
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 69

CONNECTICUT BIVER BASIN. i

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge between Orford, Grafton County, N. H., and 

Fairlee, Vt., approximately 10 miles.downstream (by river) from the mouth of 

Waits River.

DBAINAGB ABBA. 3,100 square miles.

RECOEDS AVAILABLE. August 6,'1900, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain attached to upstream side of bridge; an inclined staff gage is also used 

at -certain stages.

DISCHAEGE MEASUEEMENTS. Open-water measurements made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and deep, with'gravelly bottom; control for 

low stages slightly shifting.

EXTEEMBS OP DISCHAEGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.9 feet, at 6 p. m. 

February 26 (discharge, 35,200 second-feet); minimum discharge occurred on 

January 6 and February 2-6, stage discharge relation affected by ice (discharge, 

730 second-feet).

1900-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet, at 12 noon March 28, 1913 

(discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 57,300 second-feet); minimum 24-hour discharge, 288 second-feet, September 28, 1908.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December 

to March, but the relation is unusually constant during each period.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation. (See Accuracy.)

ACCURACY. Rating curve well denned; records considered good. A special study 

by means of a temporarily installed water-stage recorder from September 15 to 

October 19,1914, showed that although determinations for individual days might 

be slightly in error the mean discharge for this period as computed from two gage 

readings a day differed by less than 1 per cent from the discharges obtained from 

continuous record of gage height.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at- Orford, N. H., during the year ending

' Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 4

24

Jan. 15

Feb. 9 

25

Made by 

R. S. Barnes.... .......

C.S.DeGolyer. .......

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

height.

feet. 

4.85

»4.92

"4.80

«5.73

»6.80 

ol3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,120

1,040

1,040

1,410

1,600 

9,190

Date.

Feb. 26

Apr. 28

Sept. 17

17

18

Made by 

.....do..................

G. F. Adams...........

.....do..................

,

£&.

Feet. 

23.52

13.70

4.16

4.05

3.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

34,500

14,100

1,390

1,440

1,330

« Discharge relation affected by ice.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Orford, JV". H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8......... 

9.........

10.........

11..........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17......... 

18.........

19.........

20......... 

21.........

22.........

23......... 

24.........

25.........

26.........

27......... 

28.........

29.........

30......... 

31.........

Oct.

2,030

2,110

1,790

1,640

1 fUfl

1,500

1,290

1,040 

1,100

1,360

1,220 

1,100

1,220

1,500

1,710

i *un'

1,360 

1,430

2,030

3,270 

3,600

3,490

3,270 

3,050

2,650

2,760

1,960

1 fi4ft

1,640

1,640 

1,500

Nov.

1,500

1 790

1*950

2,290

2,560

3,050

3,490

3,710 

3,710

3,270

3,270 

3,270

3,050

2,850

2,850

3,270

3,820 

4,960

4,610

3,490 

3,380

2,850

3,270 

3,050

2,850

2,850

3,270 

3,710

4,380

4,610

Dec.

4,610

4 380

4*840

6,100

6,630

5 sun

4,840

4,050 

3,490

3,160

2,850 

2,380 i QW»

2,110

1 950

1,870

1,640 

1,500

1,160

1,040 

1,100

1,100

1,100 

1,040

930

880

930 

1 *930 040

1,040 

1,040

Jan.

880

880

880

880

880

730

1,100

3,050 

3,930

3,050

2,850 

2,560

2,110

1,790

1,430

1 9Qft

1,100

1,290

2,560

5,580 

5,450

4,050

3,600 

2,950

2,470

2,200

1,950 

Ifatn

1,570

1,290 

1,040

Feb.

1 fUfl

730

730

730

730

730

880

1,430

I

ylQft

i 9on

1,100

880

780

730

980

I

ErtA

2)560 

2,950

2

QKA

2,950 

2,750

2,560

2,380 

2,380

11,300

33,700

31,000 

24,200

........

Mar.

18,200

13,000

10,700

8,880

8,020

7

QOA

6 Qflfi

6,760 

6,360

S Oflfl

5,200 

4,610

4,610

4,720

4,610

4,380

4,040 

3,270

2,950

2,950 

3,270

3,490

3,270 

3,600

3,930

4,840

5,080 

4,050

3,050

2,290 

2,110

Apr.

2,030

2,200

2,290

2,290

2,380

2,560

2,750

2,950 

4,040

5,840

10,800 

19,300

23,800

is 4nn

13,300

10,800 

10,400

9 620

9,320 

9,030

8,160

7,180 

6,100

6,630

10,800

14,400

15,000

12.600

10,700

May.

12,000

11,800

10,200

8,740

7,460

6,760

5,840

5,700 

6,630

6,630

6,220 

5,330

4,380

3 930

3,710

3,380 

3,270

3,160

3,050 

2,960

^2,950

3,050 

2,850

2,470

2,650

3,050 

3,820

4,380

3,710 

3,270

June.

2,850

2,290

2,030

2,030

1/950

1 950

1*640

1,360 

1,500

1,430

1,430 

1,790

2,470

2,470

2,110

2,030

1,960 

3,050

4,380

5,200 

4,380

3,710

3,050 

2,650

2,470

2,110

1,950 

1,950

1,950

1,790

My.

2,470

3,470

3,930

4,050 4 run

4,160

4,380

4,380 

11,800

21,900

20,100 

14,000

8 74O

5,840

4,610

3,930

3,710 

4,050

8,020

8,600 

6,900

6,360

7,180 

6,900

5,580

4^10

4,720 

6,630

6,630

7,180 

8,020

Aug.

6,360

5,460

6,100

5,330

4,840

3,930

3*490

3,060 

3,600

5,080

8,600 

|,770

8,160

6,100

5,080

4,160

4,380 

4,380

4,050

3,820 

3,160

2,850

3,930 

5,960

6,100

6,100

5,580 

4,610

8,600

3,050 

2,650

Sept.

2,470

2,290

2,110

1,950

i 7on

1 790

1*,640

1,430

1 4*ft

1,500

2*560

2*,380

2,110

1,790

1,570 

1,360 i ^fin

1,570 

1,790

2,750

5,080 

5,840

4,840

3,820

3,270 

3,600

4,050

3,930

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 14,1914, to Feb. 25,1915; estimates for this period based on gage heights corrected for backwater by 

means of five discharge measurements and climatic data.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..............................

April...................................

May . '

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,600 

4,960 

6,630 

5,580 

33,700 

18,200 

23,800 

12,000 

5,200 

21,900 

9,770 

5,840

33,700

Minimum.

1,040 

1,500 

880 

730 

2,110" 730 

2,030 

2,470 

1,360 

2,470 

2,650 

1,360

730

Mean.

1,910 

3,230 

2,500 

2,160 

4,910 

5,560 

9,250 

5, 110 

2,400 

7,000 

4,950 

2,540

4,290

Per 

square 

mile. *

0.616 

1.04 , 

.806 

.697 

1.58 

1.79 

2.98 

1.65 

.774 

2.26 

1.60 

.819

1.38

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage 

area).

0.71 

1.16 

.93 

.80 

1.64 

2.06 

3.32 

1.90 

.86 

2.61 

1.84 

.91

18.74

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
CONNECTICUT EIVEB BASIN. 71

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT SUNDERLAND, MASS.

LOCATION. At the five-span steel highway bridge at Sunderland, Franklin County, 

about 18 miles in a direct line and 24 miles by river above the dam at Holyoke. 

Deerfield River enters the Connecticut from tile west about 8 miles above the 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. -8,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 31, 1904, to September 30, 1915. From 1880 to 1899 

records were obtained at Holyoke, Mass.

GAGE. Chain on highway bridge; read twice each day by V. Lawer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep, with bottom of coarse gravel and alluvium. 

Control at low stages not well defined but practically permanent; at high stages 

it is evidently the crest of the dam at Holyoke.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.3 feet at 5 p. m. 

February 26 (discharge, 75,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 foot at 

5 p. m. November 8,1914 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 

700 second-feet).

1904-1915, maximum stage: 30.7 feet during the night of March 28, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 101,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 foot 

September 28 and November 8,1914 (discharge, determined from extension of 

rating curve, 700 second-feet).,

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months each 

winter.

REGULATION. Flow affected by the operation of various power plants above the 

station on the Connecticut itself and also the tributaries.

ACCURACY. Record considered good.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 2

Dec. 22 

Jan. 9

Feb. 7

Made by 

R. S. Barnes...........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

1.10

Q3.60 

o5.88

06.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,180

2,760

5,780

7,800

Date.

Feb. 24

27

28

Made by 

R. S. Barnes...........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

o7.15

21.27 

17.50

4.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9,040

68,600 

55,100

7 flRA

o Discharge relation affected by ice.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915,, PART I.,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.......;......

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,200

2,450

2,580

3,«020

2,200

3,500

3,500

2,720

2,450

2,870

1,620

1,400

2,320

2,200

2,200

2,080

2,200

1,730

1,400

2,450

2,720

3,020

3,170

3,020

1,960

2,200

3,500

3,330

3,330 

2,720 

2,200

Nov.

1,730

1,450

2,080

2,720

2,«70

2,720

2,720

1,290

1,510

2,720

3,330

3,330

3,670

3,670

1,730

2,320

6,270

6,720

6,950

4,990

4,700

4,030

4,030

4,990

4,590

3,170

2,729

3,330

2,320 

3,020

Dec.

5,620

5,620

4,790

6,050

7,180

6,270

6,270

7,660

6-,050

4,990

4,400

4,400

3,020

3,670

5,410

7,420

6,270

5,200

4,400

3,330

2,080

2,870

3,020

2,580

1,960

1,330

1,740

2,080

2,450 

2,870 

3,330

Jan.

3,330

3,170

2,870

2,580

2,320

1,960

3,020

7,910

7,420

6,950

6,050

5,830

6,050

4,030

3,850

3,850

3.170

2,580

7,180

13,000

12,300

11,700

8,160

7,910

7,420

7,180

6,950

6,720

6,490 

6,490 

6,270

Feb.

6,050

6,050

5,830

5,830

5,830

6,950

7,660

7,910

7,420

6,720

5,830

5,200

4,590

4,400

4,210

12,000

18,100

18,800

15,700

12,600

10,700

8,960

9,240

9,520

44,300

62,800

69,000

56,500

Mar.

42,600

33,200

28,800

23,600

18,100

13,300

23,300

15,000

12,600

12,600

12,300

12,000

11,300

8,690

8,160

8,960

8,160

8,690

8,960

7,660

5,620

6,720

6,950

6,950

8,420

62,800

69,000

56,500

10,700 

10,700 

9,520

Apr.

7.660

7,660

6,950

7,910

8,160

9,810

9,810

10,100

15,000

18,800

34,400

54,400

57,900

53,000

43,800

37,700

32.400

26,400

24,000

22^500

21,000

19,500

17,000

19 500

11,300

11,300

13,600

20,300

21,000 

22,500

May.

22,100

24,800

24,000

23,300

18,400

16,700

16,700

4,210

12,000

13,000

12,600

12,000

11,000

9,240

8,420

7,420

8,420

8,420

6,490

8,420

10,100

8,960

3,330

4,400

7,180

8,960

14,700

6,050

6,720 

4,400 

3,170

June.

6,490

5,620

4,590

4,990

5,200

3,330

3.330

11J700

3,330

3,670

3,500

.3,330

1,740

2,200

3,170

3,670

4,400

5,200

6,270

4,400

5,410

6,950

8,420

5,830

4,590

7,910

6,720

2,450

4,030 

3,670

-July.

3,670

8,690

16,000

18,400

17,800

12,000

12,000

25,200

64,900

55,100

45,800

33,200

35,300

16,400

13,300

15,300

14,700

16,000

9,240

13,300

20,300

16,400

14.000

14,700

14,000

5,200

2,720

18,800

10,500 

13,300 

13,30

Aug.

13,300

19,200

14,300

22,500

55,800

36,900

36,900

25,200

18,100

19,200

18,800

17,040

18,800

17,800

16,000

12,000

13,300

12,300

10,400

7,910

7,180

7,910

24,000

14,700

16,700

18,100

16,700

15,300 8,160' 

10,100 

11,300

Sept.

8,960

9,,240

9,520

6,950

3,020

2,450

2,450

5,830

5,410

5,620

4,790

3,670

4,030

5,200

5,200

4,400

4,400

4,400

3,170

2,870

4,400

7,180

7,180-

6,490

7,186

7,180

6,490

6,270

6,490 

8,420

NOTE. Discharge determined from rating curve well defined between 1,500 and 70,000 second-feet. 

Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 22 to Feb. 26; estimates for this period based on gage heights, discharge measurements, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915. 

[Drainage area, 8.000 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

December. ..............................

May.....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,500 

6,950 

7,660 

13,000 

69,000 

42,600 

57,900 

24,800 

8,420 

64,900 

55,800 

9,520

69,000

Minimum.

1,400 

1,290 

1,290 

1,960 

4.210 

5,620 

6,950 

3,170 

1,740 

3,670 

7,180 

2,450

1,290

Mean.

2,510 

3,390 

4,330 

5,960 

15,700 

13,200 

22,100 

11,000 

4,400 

18,900 

17,600 

5,690

10,400

Per 

square 

mile.

0.314 

.424 

.541 

.745 

1.96 

1.65 

2.76 

1.38 

.550 

2.36 

2.20 

.711

1.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

.47 

.62 

.86 

2.04 

1.90 

3.08 

1.59 

.61 

2.72 

2.54 

.79

17.58

Accuracy.

B 

B 

B 

C 

C 

B 

B 

A 

A 

A 

A 

A

PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT PIEECE'S MILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBURY, VT.

LOCATION. At suspension footL ''edge just below dam of Pierce's mills, about 5milea 

north of St. Johnsbury, Cale&onia County. Sheldon Branch enters the Passump- 

,sic about 2 milea above and Moose River 4 miles below the station.

DEAINAGE AREA. 237 square miles.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 73

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26, 1909, to September 30, 1915. A station was maintained from June 29 to November 30, 1903, at St. Johnsbury Center.

GAGE. Low-wat3r section a vertical staff boated to ledge just above bridge; highwater section an inclined staff bolted to ledge just below bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of footbridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed composed chiefly of gravel with ledge rock 

near right bank; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 6 a. m. 

April 12 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 4,560 secondfeet; zero flow recorded on afternoon of June 28; water held back by mills. 

1909-4915: Maximum stage, 14.8 feet on night of March 27, 1913, determined 

by leveling from flood marks (discharge not determined); minimum stage, zero 

flow at various times, when water was held back by mills.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. Station temporarily discontinued during the winter.

REGULATION. A small diurnal fluctuation is caused by the operation of Pierce's 

mills, just above station, and by other mills farther upstream. (See Accuracy.)

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well defined, but many discharge measurements 

show a large percentage of error due to fluctuation in stage during the measurement. The effect of the diurnal fluctuation was studied by means of a portable 

water-stage recorder during August and September, 1914. Although the results 

obtained by reading the gage twice a day were found to be occasionally in error 

for individual days, the mean discharge for v the period August 16 to September 

11, as determined from these readings and from continuous record of gage height 

was found to be identical.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. S. Barnes: 

April 26,1915: Gage height, 4.34 feet; discharge, 1,140 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, 

Vt., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1. .........

2. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23 ..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28.......'...

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

141

130

111

97

91

97

Q7

93

91

71

68

97

82

80

82

78

78

202

152

141

141

130

113

07

105

101

111

97

99

101

82

Nov.

fiO

111

128

120

126

126

122

Q7

122

128

109

73

105

117

97

260

340

152

202

141

130

141

189

164

141

141

202

202

176

152

Dee.

164

260

405

305

164

189

176

141

130

111

113

130

CO

105

Eeb.

.

950

Mar.

750

600

530

420

405

390

OAfi

340

305

900

260

245

245

230

230

189

176

176

202

202

176

164

189

OQft

340

530

260

260

152

189

Apr.

189

230

230

9ft9

9on

340

245

460

710

870

1.820

4,000

I Qftfl

910

750

670

670

600

560

530

460

390

375

360

1,000

1,000

750 530'

500

530

May.

600

600

500

420

390

340

305

530

500

405

<Ufl

290

2-75

260

230

216

260

230 9fin

216

230

216

189

176

202

460

275

216

189

176

June.

152

152

130

122

101

113

120

117

120

320

176

152

128

 152

405

530

260

375

260

176

152

130

141

152

108

105

93

July.

107

164

141

141

189

202

130

320

2,540

750

405

260

216

176

176

152

670

910

405

360

260

230

560

275

202

245

1,310

460

1,660

830

500

Aug.

375

640

420

290

275

230

202

530

750

1,310

600

360

320

460

320

320

390

360

260

202

176

202

1,170

710

670

530

375

290

260

230

275

Sept.

230

202

176

176

152

152

152

710

600

305

202

176

176

189

176

152

164

152

130

152

420

640

290

216

189

202

600

360

216

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 40 and 2,000 second-feet.
74 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johmbury, Vt. t 

.for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 237 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July....................................

August. ................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

202 

340

950 

750 

4,000 

600 

530 

2.540 

1.310 

710

4,000

Minimum.

68 

69

164 

189 

176 

93 

107 

176 

130

Mean.

105 

146 

0145 

«170 

«270 

298 

718 

313 

178 

482 

436 

264

294

Per 

square 

mite.

0.443 

.616 

.612 

.717 

1.14 

1.26 

3.03 

1.32 

.751 

2.03 

1.84 

1.11

1.24

Run-on" 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.61 

.69 

.71 

.8$ 

1.19 

, 1.45 

3.38 

1.52 

.84 

2.34 

2.12 

1.24

16.82

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A, 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

o Estimated by comparison with records in near-by drainage basins.

WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT.

LOCATION. About 500 feet above the highway bridge in the village of West Hartford, 

Windsor County, and 7 miles above the mouth of the river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 687 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 9 to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank; read twice a day by F. P. Morse.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and of fairly uniform cross-section at measuring section; covered with gravel, sand, and clay. Control formed by rock 

ledge 100 feet below the gage, and well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 8.1 feet at 6 a. m. July 9 

(discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 5,570 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.82 feet at 6 p. m. September 20 (discharge 130 secondfeet). The high water of March 27, 1913, reached a stage of 18.9 feet, as 

determined from reference mark on scale platform opposite gage (discharge 

not determined).

REGULATION. Of several power plants on main stream and tributaries above the 

station, the nearest is that of the Vermont Copper Co. at Sharon. This plant 

was not in operation in 1915 and the pondage above the dam equalized the flow, 

so that there was very little diurnal fluctuation at gaging station.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of White River at West Hartford Vt., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date!

Sept. 8

Made by 

C. H. Pierce...........

Thweatt and Adams. . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.11

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

230

260

Date.

Sept. 13

Made by A

Feet. 

3.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233
CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. 75

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

225

210

240

410

410

295

275

July.

410

1,450

1,270

1,270

950

1,100

745

950

4,280

1,960

1,180

915

777

845,

84 1

Aug.

515

715

1,020

745

1,270

1,020

915

715

715

777

655

642

570

597

487

Sept.

435

385

315

295

295

240

275

337

410

337

257

225

225

240

225

Pay.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

90 *

Oft

01

June.

295

385

625

460

435

435

337 '275

240

240

225

180

240

225

195

July.

655'

810

777

685

1,180

845

810

1,360

915

715

715

880

685

915

810

625

Aug.

542

542

570

460

385

337i

385

1,180

985

950

777

597

487

435

460

460

Sept.

210

210

195

177

180

275

487

337

257

240

180

295

295

257

210

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. Several discharge measurements 

made subsequent to September 30 were used in determining the rating curve.

Monthly discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 687 square miles.]

Month.

June 9-30. ..............................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

625 

4,280 

1,270

487

Minimum.

180 

410 

337

177

Mean.

312 

1,040

671 

277

Per 

square 

mile.

0.454 

1.51 

.977 

.403

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

1.74 

1.13 

.45

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B: 

B.

MILLERS RIVER AT ERVING, MASS.

LOCATION. At downstream end of chair factory at Erving, Franklin County, about 

7 miles above the confluence of Millers River with Connecticut River and 

below all important tributaries.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 372 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 1, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff gage attached tp factory August 1, 1914, to June 30, 1915; water stage 

recorder July 1 to September 30, 1915.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed is coarse gravel and boulders; control permanent.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded, 5.6 feet at 4 p. m. February 25, 

1915 (discharge, 5,160 second-feet); 1 minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot at 8a. m. 

November 8, no flow, as water was being stored farther upstream.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The operation of power plants at Athol, Orange, Wendell, and Erving 

affect the flow to such an extent that mean daily discharge can not be determined 

from two gage readings a day.

ACCURACY. Well-defined curve has been determined by means of measurements 

made subsequent to September 30, 1915. Records after July 1, 1915, are excellent; prior to that date fair.

Supersedes value published in U. S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 415, p. 84.
76 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

Discharge measurements of Millers River at Ermng, Mass., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915. . x

Date.

Nov. 24

Aug. 18

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 Q^

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

192

643

Date.

Sept. 22

Made by- Gage

Feet. 

2.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

404

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2............I..

B.. ............

4..............

K

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20...... .........

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

October.

A.M.

166 

205 

202 

04 

153

147 

144 

157 

157 

136

07 

98 

232 

150 

160

213 

220 

o22 

228 

228

213 

252 

224 

224 

all

160 

272 

236

224 

209 

94

P.M.

124 

124 

69 

(») 

127

94 

98 

150 

85 

141

(») 

30

74 

78 

76

72 

83 

(&) 

153 

150

157 

124 

157 

133 

(»)

. 89 

127 

41 

31 

63 

46

November.

A.M.

o35 

83 

74 

213 

101

220 

205 

aQ 

89 

228

236 

52 

224 

157 

04

144 

220 

141 

213 

150

147 

a^ 

150 

213 

220

33 

150

256 

a41 

220

P.M.

(&35 

209 

46 

85

54 

72

(*) 

150 

69

76 

76 

58 

124 

(&)

160 

44 

60 

72 

83

35

(&) 

220

39 

41

(&) 

138 

58 

( & ) 

202

December.

A.M. P.M.

*

January.

A.M. P.M.

February.

A.M.

1,540 

1,360 

1,370 

1,260 

960

«>748 

788 

812 

869 

3,010

4,480 

3,320 

02,060

P.M.

1,330 

1,300 

1,090 

923 

812

(&)'

637 

780 

887 

4,850

4,100 

2,820 

(& )

March.

A.M.

1,060 

1,290 

1,310 

1,510 

836

788 

o588 

932 

600 

612

612

624 

576 

«385 

558

415 

360 

335 

468 

504

«365 

540 

350 

430 

320

534 

456 

0435 

504 

315 

425

P.M.

1,230 

1,160 

788 

804 

644

630

(») 

630 

618 

612

624 

570 

445

355

492

486 

612 

528 

305

(") 

385 

450 

445 

504

564 

430 

<&) 

400 

335 

272

o Sunday.

& Gage read in morning only; afternoon discharge taken as mean of discharge for preceding and following 

mornings in computing monthly discharge.
CONNECTICUT BTVEK BASIN. 77

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mill&rs River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915 Continued.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

April.

A.M.

708 

305 

435 

»198 

492

370 

335 

£30

804 

878

»923 

1,820 

2,230 

1,860 

1,420

1,190 

1,020 

«716 

679 

570

612 

612

588 

570 

o300

492 

606 

612 

400 

570

P.M.

582 

355 

456 

00 

435

658 

588 

686 

732 

679

CO 

2,230 

2,080 

1,510 

923

1,100 

780 

00 

665 

- 708

672 

637 

594 

700 

00

510 

630 

450 

450 

732

May.

A.M.

1,510 

<zl,310 

1,150 

'1,150 

950

860 

740 

588 

0618 

672

686 

665 

651 

492 

400

o330 

564 

350 

462 

325

236

187 

o209 

486 

276

280 

280 

268 

202 

o!80 

180

P.M.

1,170 

00 

1,110 

1.050 

896

828 

748 

686 

00 

658

606 

686 

658 

462 

410

CO 450 

430 

480 

480

370 

445 

00 430 

510

300 

335

445 

440 

(") 

480

June.

A.M.

474 

280 

213 

224 

124

o48 

232 

220 

224 

 202

228 

121 

a 52 

236 

260

240

228 

240 

127 

o60

410 

228 

224 

252 

240

144 

o53 

220 

236 

244

P.M.

340 

121 

370 

138 

130

00 

360 

53 

114 

96

180 

111 

00 

350 

220

153 

205 

202 

183 

00

360 

325 

425 

160 

213

194 

00 

325 

170 

248

July.

A.M.

240 

300 

672 

o820 

732

570 

546 

390 

2,730 

2,560

o2,080 

1,630 

1,220 

606 

748

658 

430 

o205 

335 

330

256 

516 

612 

582 

o335

345 

498 

335 

395 

564 

564

P.M.

284 

456 

788 

CO 

716

606 

606 

540 

^8,820 

2,560

00 

1,410 

950 

780 

764

748 

658 

00 

510 

492

300 

546 

672 

546 

00

340 

600 

552 

606 

630 

606

August.

A.M.

o450 

651 

665 

564 

3,210

2,640 

2,390 

«2,000 

1,720 

1,370

1,140 

1,620 

923 

980 

o844

724 

624 

564 

355 

350

320 

o213 

700 

370 

390

380 

400 

380 

o240 

474 

310

P.M.

00

534 

708 

2,730 

2,910

2,560 

2,390 ( b ) 

1,360 

1,240

1,130 

828 

950 

960 

00

740 

732 

724 

724 

679

325 

00 

. 679 

644 

665

630 

576 

582

00 

296 

498

September.

A.M.

400 

252 

320 

280 

ol53

256

106 

183 

157 

420

173 

o!73 

276 

213 

248

205 

252 

260 

o41 

232

205 

244 

288 

248 

345

a 173 

380 

240 

248 

244

P.M.,

522

420 

405 

355 

00

3

180 

462 

415 

320

252

(«0 

268 

345 

365

445 

345 

252 

CO 

370

365 

330 

456 

450 

176

00 292 

202 

40 

224

o Sunday. t> Discharge estimated by comparison of twice-a-day readings.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[By water-stage recorder.]

Day.

1... .....................

2.......................

3........................ 4......:................. 5...................;....

6........................

7........................

8........................

9........................

10........................

11........................

12. .......................

13........................

14........................

16.. *.... .................

July.

284

390

665

o724

693

510

534

724

2,560

2,310

ol,760

1,510

1,130

748

788

Aug.

o468

445

588

1,120

2,730

2,310

2,150

"1,670

1,430

1,180

1,000

878

914

869

«748

Sept.

385

335

345

395

o236

141

144 248-

224

355

^260

T*153

264

232

236

Day.

16........................

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27.........................

28........................

29........................

on

l^1

July.

780

644

o468

486

492

6285

450

534

440

o350

325

462

440

462

522

528

Aug.

644

665

582

522

504

430

o340

558

498

510

492

516

528

o209

305

330

Sept*

252

220

o!90

ob!35

6200

190

220

232

, 260

127

ol66

244

213

98

187

Sunday. ft Discharge estimated by comparison of twice-a-day readings.

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 1,800 second-feet, several 

discharge measurements made subsequent to Sept. 30,1915, being used to determine the curve. Determinations twice a day from observer's readings on staff gage and are given for July, August, and September, 1915, subsequent to the installation of waternstage recorder for the purpose of comparing the results 

obtained from two readings a day with those obtained from continuous record of gage height; the readings 

were made at about 8 a. m. and 4 p. m. Monthly discharge for period prior to July 1,1915, determined 

by applying a reduction factor of 0.90 to means from the two readings a day, this factor being derived by 

a comparative study of results subsequent to installation of recorder. Discharge relation affected by ice 

at various times during December, 1914, and January and February, 1915.
78 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PABT I.

Monthly discharge of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 372 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July.....................'...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2.560 

2,730 

395

Minimum.

284 

209 

98

Mean.

1ft 

103 

82.5 

652 

1,010 

530 

695 

518 

190 

742 

843 

230

471

Per 

square 

mile.

0.320

.277 

.222 

1.75 

2.72 1.42 ' 

1.87 

1.39 

.511 

li.99 

2-27 

.618

1.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.31

.26 

2.02 

2.83 

1.64 

2.09 

1.60 

.57 

2.29 

2.62 

.69

17.29

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

D 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is 

held over from year to year.

DEERFIELD RIVER AT CHARLEMONT, MASS.

. LOCATION. One mile below the village of Charlemont, Franklin County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 362 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 19, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to datum by a hook gage 

inside the well; inclined staff gage for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel of coarse gravel and boulders; fairly uniform section; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1913-1915: Maximum stage (water-stage recorder), 15.7 

feet at 11 p. m. July 8 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 45,000 

second-feet); minimum stage (water-stage recorder), 1.35 feet at 6 p. m. November 3, 1914. (discharge, 23 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by iqe.

REGULATION. Summer flow largely regulated by a storage reservoir at Somerset, Vt. 

Several power plants above the station also cause diurnal fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well denned; results for open water period considered good.

Discharge measurements of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

25

Jan. 14

18

Feb. 14

23

Made by 

R. 8. Barnes...........

.....do.................

C. H. Pierce............

R. S. Barnes...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.36

62.08

62.28

&2.38

62.19

62.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

f)A Q

129

09

380

288

627

549

Date.

TWatr 9S

July 17

Aug. 17

24

24

24

Made by 

C. H. Pierce............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.00

1.97

2.14

2.12

3.38

. 3.23

3.11

Dis^ 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

240

217

285

258

1,230

1,120

1,010

a Measurement made by wading 200 feet above gage. 

6 Discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deer field River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

. Day.

1............

2............

4............

5............

6............

7-.... ........

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

9Q

30............

31............

Oct.

128

168

 77

51

on

m

42

81

52

v>

31

iQ

37

A.*i

60

107

257

136

25tS

203

150

102

66

42

60

99

82

55

54

66

Nov.

95

- 75

51

84

66

45

7Q

70

38

81

112

70

56

41

157

649

889

415

225

166

57

70

103

87

106

109

230

500

376

201

Dec.

166

304

304

977

245

79

175

106

79

135

147

171

230

158

109

QA

72

74

$21

109

109

07

97

cu

76

43

53

fiO

76

109

Jan.

70

76

Q7

76

Sft

76

1,250

1,300

715

535

396

364

389

358

ORLfl

245

245

542

5,210

3

1^A

1,420

878

629

1,250

1,070

847

598

581

S4H

196 }8Q

Feb.

400

715

570

535

400

465

7QO

870

605

400

340

570

RAT\

Qfift

435

2,870

1,420

870

750

605

570

535

640

1,050

12,100

2,250

1,360

Mar.

1,060

873

688

601,

626

632

592

Kfifl

605

500

497

428 jno

3&Q

426

ocfl

424

362

324

335

361

331

364

457

619

871

612

500

tUto

oon

365

Apr.

392

413

no

383

416

465

649

885

1,630

2,440

9 350

8'270

3,600

2,090

1,780

1,700

1,670

1,520

1,390

1,360

1,110

844

717

596

486

537

459

Wft

695

May.

985

850

802

753

651

579

474

479

444

472

366

305

266

325

290

239

203

465

. 370

272

267

322

318

186

328

138

263

282

243

199

152

June.

123

209

125

245

243

213

OQO

256 '971

340

348

278

281 qofl

359

Wl

250

185

124

99

240

108

104

152

136

145

262

362

265

July.

1,770

1 860 i.'gae

1

AAf\

1,160

1,230

758

11,400

12,200

2,710

1 '929 340

678

515

460

237

9<W

380

294

565

551

698

580

500

327

422

1,770

1,170

776

593

393

Aug.

389

738

876

7,020

6,320

2,330

1,910

1,280

OtV)

 825

587

503

480

425

O7fi

423

400

392

283

369

' 283

733

2,620

1,140

1,250

950

641

522

349

618

758

Sept.

1 571

326

465

453

oof!

233

sfift

578

498

493

303

140

337

1,410

802

463

511

371

252

302

1,220

1,580

662

626

383

330

727

638

503

461

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve by averaging the discharge for 12 twohour periods each day,except for short period when water-stage recorder was not working properly. Discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 19,1914, to Jan. 18,1915, and Jan. 29 to Feb. 23,1915; estimates based 

on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of six discharge measurements sad climatic data. '

Monthly discharge of Deer field River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 362 square miles.] (

Month.

April...............

May...............

July...............

The year.....

Observed dischargp (second-feet).

Maximum.

257 

889 

304 

5,210 

12,100 

1,060 

9,350 

985 

362 

12,200 

7,020 

1,580

12,200

Minimum.

29 

41 

43 

70 

340 

324 

383 

138 

99 

237 

283 

140

29

Mean.

90.8 

177 

133 

761 

1,400 

515 

1,570 

396 

224 

1,610 

1,190 

541

712

Gain or 

loss in 

storage 

at Somerset, Vt. 

(millions 

of cubic 

feet).

+ 31.1

+ 84.8 

+ 70.5 

+254 

+ 285 

+ 72.7 

+439 

+ 147 

-253 

+239 

+ 225 

-206

+1,390

Discharge without 

storage(second-feet).

X

Mean.

102 

210 

159 

856 

1,520 

542 

1,740 

451 

126 

1,700 

1,270 

462

756

Per

square 

mile.

0.282 

.580 

.439 

2, 4.20" 36 

1.50 

4.81 

1.25 

,348 ' 4.70 

3.51 

1.28

2.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.32 

.65 

.51 

2.72 

4.37 

1.73 

5.37 

1.44 

.39 

5.42 

4.05 

1.43

28.40

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The increase (+) or decrease ( ) of water held in storage at Somerset, Vt., during the month 

has been computed by engineers of the Geological Survey from data of storage increase or decrease furnished by the company operating the reservoir.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

WARE RIVER AT GIBES CROSSING, MASS.

LOCATION. Between the highway bridge and the electric-railway bridge at the

point known as Gibbs Crossing, about 3 miles below Ware, Hampshire County.

Muddy Brook enters from right at Ware and Beaver Brook from right about 2£

miles below the station. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 201 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20, 1912, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water stage recorder on the right bank, referred to gage

datum by a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.-v-Made from the electric railway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and subject to a growth of aquatic vegetation during the summer months. Control free from weeds and practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year (water-stage recorder): 5.48 

feet at 1.45 a. m. February 26 (discharge, 2,560 second-feet); minimum stage 

(water-stage recorder): 1.20 feet at 1-11 a. m. October 26, 1914 (discharge, 5.0 

second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 5.9 feet March 2, 1914 (discharge, 2,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.20 feet October 26, 1914 

(discharge, 5.0 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by the operation of mills above the station, which 

causes diurnal fluctuation at low stages and low discharge on Sundays and 

holidays. '

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; results for open-water periods considered 

good.

Discharge measurements of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by R. S. Barnes.]

Date.

Dee. 20. ........

Jan.4. .........

height.

Feet. 

1.62

al.80

03.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

07 o

do

174

Date. A.

Feet. 

ol.SO

03.50

3.68

*

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

42.5

147

1,120

Date.

Feb. 5... .......

Mar,l... .......

&.

Feet, 

2.54

3.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233

774

a Discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVEE BASIN. 81

Daily discharge, in second-Jeet, of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2

4..............

5.........-.--.

6.......'....-..

7..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

is

19..............

20 - -

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

OA

01

Oct.

13

17

8.7

6

26

27

50

12

20

18

8.8

9.6

35

34

32

36

22

57

82

66

36

32

14

11

7.3

34

42

75

71

17

11

Nov.

7.8

35^ 30

38

51

20

17

17

61

46

31

28

14

9.8

6.6

45

56

47

43

24

20

15

42

62

69

13

15

30

52

85

Dec.

69

70

72

26

29

26

72

68

66

73

47

24

24

57

95

89

68

60

47

53

76

101

79

60

35

20

25

51

85

40

174

Jan.

60

46

25

46

60

76

244

284

99

57

46

60

248

276

174

125

120

1,280

2,370

1,640

870

515

378

1,000

790

585

393

320

268

200

153

Feb.

236

218

159

168

123

200

420

438

329

248

168

140

174

142

393

1,240

956

660

529

420

343

368

343

420

1,660

2,230

1,180

788

Mar.

669

511

424

343

308

282

241

281

284

OQA

237

9WI

157

134

209

238

169

169

163

99

OR

176

192

153

145

138

89

118

195

136

Apr.

138

131

72

108

149

188

232

235

252

973

263

537

598

466

97Q

324

290

213

232

269

253

189

204

153

132

195

204

182

173

159

May.

195

1Q8

99Q

236

200

217

176

191

219

226

999

165

155

110

109

207

120

115

102

82

133

191

121

29

Krt

53

June.

141

148

11 fi

88

24

17

56

59

76

on

so

91

11

58

63

72

68

62

21

16

67

70

68

70

7Q

61

20

66

80

77

July.

103

107

304

9QG

99Q.

99.fi

ooo

17Q

555

714

449

 QOfi

358

979

9fin

9AQ

llfi

112

14Q

240

201

OOft

242

175

116

1M

163

144

171

940

148

Aug.

187

264

OKA

KOO

1,350

1,370

1 94A

975

7KA

&V71

480

Q7ft

977

386

305

949

91 4.

OA7

217

O1 A

148

19Q

919

208

248

1fi9

177

114

19Q

OA7

189

Sept.

159

nut

150

50

I4n

13ft

130

1 1O

1 AK

OR

91

70

70

7Q

80

fit

94

1Q

fil

114

1QA

IQO

199

on

105

QQ

100

QO

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve by averaging the discharge of short 

periods throughout the day, the length of period varying from 1 to 6 hours. Dfecharge relation affected 

by ice Dec. 16,1914, to Jan. 18,1915, and Feb. 1-5,1915; estimates based oh gage heights corrected for backwater by means of four discharge measurements and climatic data.

Monthly discharge of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 201 square miles.]

Month.

MSy.. ..................................

July.....................................

SeDtetpfow

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

82 

85 

174 

2,370 

2,230 

669 

598 

239 

14S 

714 

1,370 

190

2,370

Minimum.

6.0 

6.6 

20 

25 

123 

89 

72 

29 

11 

108 

114 

19

6.0

Mean.

30.0 

34.3 

60.7 

413 

525 

226 

240 

156 

65.0 

244 

416 

96.1

207

Per 

square 

mile.

0.149 

.171 

.302 

2.05 

2.61 

1.12 

1.19 

.776 

.323 

1.21 

2.07 

.478

1.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

 0.17 

.19 

.35 

2.36 

2.72 

1.29 

1.33 

.89 

.36 

1.40 

2.39 

.53

13,98

Accuracy.

A.

.A. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. . A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

60411° WSP 401 17-
82 STTBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

SWIFT RIVER AT WEST WARE, MASS.

LOCATION. Just below the timber dam opposite the West Ware station of the 

Boston & Albany Railroad, about 6 miles downstream from Enfield, Hampshire 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 186 square miles (revised).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15,1910, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank about 1,000 feet below 

the dam, referred to datum by a hook gage inside the well, since August 25,1912; 

v inclined staff for auxiliary readings; July 15,1910, to August 25, 1912, chain gage 

attached to downstream side of footbridge about 400 feet below the dam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 50 feet above the present gage 

by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and alluvial deposits; some aquatic 

vegetation during summer months. Control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during the year, from water-stage 

recorder, 9.1 feet at 3 a. m. February 26 (discharge, determined from extension 

of rating curve, 2,240 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 

1.40 feet at 6.10 a. m. October 25,1914 (discharge, 22 second-feet).

1910-1915: Maximum stage recorded February 26, 1915 (see preceding paragraph); minimum stage recorded, 1.36 feet September 22, 1914 (discharge, 22 

second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The operation of mills at Enfield, 6 miles above the station, affects 

the distribution of flow at low and medium stages. This diurnal fluctuation is 

somewhat equalized by the pondage above the dam at West Ware, which has not 

been used for power development for several years and has only a slight effect 

when the mean daily discharge is over 200 second-feet. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 375, p. 132.)

ACCURACY. Records considered good.

Discharge measurements of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

20 

Jan. 5

Feb. 5

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

1.80

nl.83 

ol.90

02.53

DiSr

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

66

59.6 

59

145

Date.

Apr. 14

14 

Sept. 30

Made by 

.....do................. 

Hardln Thweatt. ......

4B.

Feet. 

4.69

4.68 

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

701

788 

106

» Discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 83

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. ............. i?..:...........

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

QQ

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

*M

9,7

*IE

30

38

30

34

35

34

34

31

35

32

32

33

38

55

56

59

51

47

*45

43

43

42

55

48

43

44

45

46

Nov.

OO

40

41

4fi

52

48

46

46

53

48

4K.

45

44

46

44

74

81

72

70

79

72

65

60

56

64

65

67

73

67

62

Dec.

En

~ 66

67

67

67

65

64

66

67

64

64

58

58

76

62

60

60

55

53

58

53

53

61

61

45

46

46

43

42

46

AQ

Jan.

47

44

36

47

54

40

9 en

9Q7

325

262

176

182

272

255

225

194

180

565

985

1,180

895

565

434

434

407

dfl7

342

287

232

215

170

Feb.

143

1 K.9

IK/I

139

136

158

941

277

270

 239

217

176

145

134

210

550

655

595

505

404

356

330

325

399

1,490

2,200

1,800

1,270

Mar.

one

655

520

368

342

304

9Q9

267

267

255

243

239

217

204

184

196

1ft7

177

168

160

147

166

164

162

174

162

150

143

162

160

Apr.

1 EC

145

134 i >\(\

200

OOn

245

o&c

262

017

CftC

865

795

655

505

404

OftO

335

320

297

277

260

245

234

OO1

230

230

225

239

May.

OOQ

461

420

OOQ

040

Of 9

909

975

270

o&7

228

208

188

172

152

14Q

164

164

156

145

166

174

176

184

162

147

128

118

106

June.

101

109

109

102

QE

00

74

79

70

76

68

66

CO

CQ

CC

64

71

74

79

78

78

81

Oft

86

77

81

79

72

71

71

July.

280

355

360

qoo

335

97A

565

QOC

848

R79

535

397

320

977

215

194

188

221

267

280

979

267

979

248

248

282

368

391

391

Aug.

471;

640

79ft

1,610

1,800

1,760

1,360

1,020

7QE

610

490

444

447

417

QQ1

347

307

267

241

91 K.

213

241

243

260

O*M

910

198

. 188

186

188

Sept.

 ton

154

145

141

1QA

11Q

1/\y;

102

no

ne

100

no

94

88

84

191

fCA

ion

ton

136

19.fi

125

117

109

95

NOTE. Discharge determined from a -well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 16,1914, to Jan. 20,1915, and Jan. 30 to Feb. 24,1915; estimates based on gage heights corrected lor 

backwater by means ol three discharge measurements and climatic data. Discharge interpolated 

Mar. 17-18.

Monthly discharge of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. '

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.]

Month.

May.. ...................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

59 

81 

76 

1,180 

2,200 

895 

865 

461 

109 

925 

1,800 

180

2,200

Minimum.

30 

38 

42 

36 

134 

143 

132 

106 

56 

136 

186 

84

30

Mean.

40.8 

57.0 

58.1 

326 

488 

254 

317 

224 

78.5 

351 

545 

121

237

Per 

square 

mile.

0.219 

.306 

.312 

1.75 

2.62 

1.37 

1.70 

1.20 

.422 

1.89 

2.93 

.651

1.27

Run-off 

(depth, in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.34 

.36 

2.02 

2.73 

1.58 

1.90 

1.38 

.47 

2.18 

, 3.38 

.73

17.32

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

QUABOAG RIVER AT WEST BRIMFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the two-span highway bridge, in Hampden County, just west of the 

West Brimfield station of the Boston & Albany Railroad, about 3 miles below West 

Warren.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. August 23, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed September 28,1914, at the downstream 

end of center pier and referred to datum by a hook gage inside the well; August 19, 

1912, to September 27, 1914, Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder; prior to 

August 19,1912, a vertical staff on the upstream side of the right abutment of the 

bridge. All gages at the same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of bowlders, gravel, and alluvial deposits; 

control practically permanent.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. s

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during the year, from water-stage recorder, 

5.2 feet at 9.30 a. m. January 7 (discharge, determined by applying correction 

for effect of ice, which probably obstructed the channel to a small extent, 1,660 

second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.61 feet at 6 a. m. 

October 9 and 1 a. m. October 11, 1914 (discharge, 10 second-feet).

1909-1915: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 4.9 feet March 1, 1910 (discharge, 1,660 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.4 feet September 17-18, 

1910 (discharge, 2.5 second-feet).

REGULATION. The operation of mills at West Warren causes a decided diurnal flue* 

tuation discharge at the station. '(See Water-Supply Paper 375, p. 132.)

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; results for open-water period, obtained by 

continuous record of gage.height, considered good.

Discharge measurements ofQuaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 3

21

6

Made by 

R. S. Barnes. ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.80

"2.27

» 2. 63

a 2. 06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

27.3

62

39.4

31.9

Date.

Feb. 6

Mar. 5

Aug. 14

Made by 

.....do.. ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.00

3.12

2.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

341

464

194

a Discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 85

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12........:.....

13..............

14. r ... .........

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23.. ............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

on

OA

o-i

Oct.

65

21

44

25

4Q

44

37

11

27

24

16

40

50

37

34

28

29

21

67

41

38

31

32

34

19

30

41

40

26

26

21

Nov.

13

41

37

40

21

28

25

18

43

40

38

16

14

28

25

59

56

49

41

52

47

33

67

68

68

68

69

61

47

67

Dec.

52

55

49

58

55

34

' 71

40

46

46

37

38

50

59

73

125

142

113

79

40

197

94

58

44

40

35

33

31

33

30

33

Jan.

33

28

18

50

63

101

1,000

>935

763

729

661

797

970

722

581

562

525

1,020

709

647

581

501

562

661

614

555

507

461

407

302

293

Feb.

' 284

193

262\

401

562

401

396

375

375

311

320

266

284

270

391

633

562

507

483

439

412

391

370

401

790

756

640

661

Mar.

620

568

477

335

455

417'

380

345

306

284

258

246

218

211

204

186

186,

169

163

160

151

166

145

136

133

128

, 77

120

123

115

110

Apr.

128

130

125

120

151 '

163

176

176

190

193

207

246

242

238

226

211

207

190

183

169

166

163

160

151

157

160

142

148

139

142

May.

136

148

148

' 136

133

130

123

136 J

145

136

120

120

113

108

85

96

120

98

87

81

89

113

123

125

113

110

105

89

87

103

94

June.

113

77

85

79

58

73

98

59

63

63

52

49

32

79

58

56

56

65

55

56

85

55

59

52

53

44

49

77

52

49

July.

75

136

133

136

118

120

94

118

254

211

190

183

166

157

151

139

110

103

113

110

105

105

115

91

91

103

75

71

96

98

77

Aug.

94

115

142

250

423

330

302

284

288

279

254

234

250

207

193

176

157

139

123 128'

101

123

125

113

110

110

94

81

96

103

85

Sept.

87

81

79

58

79

77

83

69

61

75

37

53

77

77

79

89

77

50

49

65

101

96

85

77

63

69

81

65

61

69

-

NOTE . Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 

11,1914, to Jan. 20,1915, and Jan. 31 to Feb. 17,1915; estimates based on gage heights corrected for baekwaiter 

by means of four discharge measurements and climatic data. Discharge interpolated Nov. 24-26. '

Monthly discharge of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area 150 square miles.]

Month.

*

March . .............................

April...................................

May

July....................................

The year.1. ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

67 

69 

197 

1,020 

790 

620 

246 

148 

113 

254 

423 

101

1,020

Minimum.

16 

13 

30 

18 

193 

77 

120 

81 

32 

71 

81 

87

13

Mean.

34.5 

42.6 

61.0 

528 

433 

245 

173 

115 

634 

124 

178 

72.3

171

Per 

square 

mile.

0.230 

.284 

.407 

3.52 

2.89 

1.63 

1.15 

.767 

.423 

.827 

1.19 

.482

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.27 

.32 

.47 

4.06 

3.01 

1.88 

1.28 

.88 

.47 

.95 

1.37 

.54

15.50

Accuracy.

A.

fc

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

WESTFIELD RIVER AT KNIGHTSVILLE, MASS.

LOCATION. At the single-span steel highway bridge known locally as the Pitcher 

Bridge, at Knightville, Hampshire County, 1 mile north of the outlet of Norwich 

Lake and about 3 miles above confluence with middle branch of Westfield Elver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 162 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1909, to September 30, 1915.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of bridge.

DISCHAEGB MEASUEEMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTEOL. Bed rough, covered with bowlders and ledge rock; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHAEGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.34 feet at 8 a. m. 

February 25 (discharge computed from extension of rating curve, ,630 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 0.77 foot at 5 p. m. October 1, 5 p. m. October 8, 

and 7.30 a. m. October 12, 1914 (discharge, 11 second-feet).

1909-1915: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 8.9 feet March 27, 1913 (discharge, 5,100 second-feet); a gage height of 9.4 feet was recorded at 9.15 a. m. 

January 22, 1910, but the channel was probably obstructed by ice at that time; 

minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot August 10, 1913 (discharge, 4.0 second-feet).

WINTEE PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.

ACCTTEACY. Rating curve is well defined below 2,000 second-feet, open-water records 

considered good.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by R. 8. Barnes.]

Date.

Mar 2... .........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.62

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

447

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

 1, 790

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26...............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

12

12

13

14

13

14

14

12

14

14

15

12

13

14

13

18

40

74

63

58

44

38

28

23

20

19

20

23

17

16

13

Nov.

18

20

20

20

17

18

20

20

19

23

20

23

22

19

30

169

153

97

99

90

45

60

70

70

55

' 7065

75

95

110

Dec.

120

80

125

112

on

63

48

192

92

71

48

32

24

105

90

80

60

60

55

35

50

65

35

30

20

15

15

15

<u>

125

120

Jan.

110

80

70

60

55

50

600

580

373

272

330

395

640

470

255

255

195

523

1,990

985

373

9Q1

291

495

373

291

255

222

174

150

120

Feb.

130

OKA

200

180

160

250

640

495

350

979

255

222

255

255

222

1,500

790

420

330

979

272

979

291

670

3,920

1,850

985

CQA

Mar.

373

070

330

O1A

291

291

272

395

9Q1

291

255

238

105

222

222

195

192

183

1fi4

198

222

195

238

979

310

470

O79

070

222

156

1fi4

Apr.

166

198

222

350

183

172

523

523

610

640

1,780

1,920

1,050

640

550

445

395

350

330

310

255

238

238

222

201

201 ton

201

979

May.

395

330

272

207

207

222

207

207

222

183

158

146 i^d

134

121

IfU

116

19Q

121

110

103

255

201

156

125

121

129

Q4

88

74

June.

68

73

63

56

52

55

61

61

614fi

44

37

35

34

40

63

84

87

73

92

104

73

66

61

46

68

53

67

55

48

July.

97

291

395

255

169

207

139

1,640

1,920

730

350

445

395

272

181

148

136

129

129

1,240

373

550

350

oqo

179

158

174

174

109

179

139

Aug.

116

121

255

3,040

1,920

985

920

495

395

610.

373

291

395

291

207

222

207

166

146

139

116

44<5

1,180

445

330

222 192-

207

238

291

Sept.

222

183

161

141

129

118

118

116

108

101

92

80 '82

172

151

99

on

85

74

68

179

445

183

127

108

108

238

IdR

112

101

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 2,000 second-feet. Discharge 

relation affected by ice Nov. 21 tt> Dee. 2, 1914, Dec. 14 to Jan. 7, and Jan. 30 to Feb. 6,1915; discharge 

estimated by comparison with other records.
CONNECTICUT BIVEE BASIN. 87

Monthly discharge of Westfield River at Knigktvilk, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

October.. . ..............................

March... .. .. .......

May......

July. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

74 

169 

192 

1,990 

3,920 

470 

1,920 

395 

104 

1,920 

3,040 

445

3,920

Minimum.

12 

17 

15 

50 

130 

156 

166 

74 

34 

97 

116 

68

12

Mean.

23.3

54.4 

68.5 

365 

582 

260 

455 

167 

60.9 

386 

498 

138

253

Per 

square 

mile.

0.144 

.336 

.423 

2.25 

3.59 

1.60 

2.81 

1.03 

.376 

2.38 

3.07 

.852

1.56

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.37 

.49 

2.59 

3.74 

1.84 

3.14 

1.19 

.42 

2.74 

3.54 

.95

21.18

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

WESTFIELD RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At a point locally known as Trap Rock Crossing, -about 3 miles east of 

Westfield, Hampden County, and 2 miles below the mouth of Westfield Little 

River. Great Brook enters about a mile above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 496 square miles.

RKCORDS AVAILABLE. June 27, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on right bank referred to datum by a hook 

gage inside the well; inclined staff used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about one-half mile below gage or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of gravel. Control at low and medium stages is about 

200 feet below the gage; practically permanent; at high stages control is probably formed by the crest of the dam at Mittineague, 3 miles below the station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year (water-stage recorder), 17.4 

feet at 11.30 p. m. August 4, 1915 (discharge, determined from an extension of 

the rating curve, 17,400 second-feet); minimum stage (water-stage recorder), 

3.03 feet several times each day October 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 10,1914 (discharge, 

49 second-feet).

1914-15: Maximum stage recorded, 17.4 feet at 11.30 p. m. August 4, 1915 

(discharge, 17,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.02 feet September 

24,1914 (discharge, 46 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted from Westfield Little River for municipal supply of 

Springfield. The amount diverted is added in the table of monthly discharge 

to give the total flow of Westfield River.

REGULATION. Several power plants above the station cause diurnal fluctuation of 

flow. The nearest dam is at Westfield.

ACCURACY. Records considered good.
SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., during the years ending

Sept. SO, 1914-15.

Date.

Dec. 16

Jan. 7

19

20

20

Made by 

.....do.................

C.H. Pierce..... .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

o5.22

10.4

7.34

7.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

182

303

6,810

2 960

2,' 670

Date.

1915.

22 Feb. 4

Apr. 11

13

15

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

HardinThweatt.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.59

4.99

04.46

7.94

6.94

5.54

4.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,360

1,040

566

3,620

2/540

1,270

573

o Discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.....'.........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

61

61

64

80

84

67

67

84

70

70

80

70

87

98

87

101

148

140

212

260

248

248

133

119

112

129

94

91

108

115

126

Nov.

188

94

84

108

101

160

140

152

84

70

70

70

on

136

77

340

550

385

348

224

129

184

208

208

160

220

200

224

284

336

Dec.

oco

216

QQft

9Qft

320

228

304

192

212

200

208

204

304

276

180

180

184

108

, 144

200

108

88

49

46

43

40

40

430

405

Jan.

140

260

oon

i&n

160

140

1 '990 790

430

212

1 DO

336

2

non

1,080

690

AQft

455

S QflA

6,000

3,100

1,510

Qflft

720

1,550

1,220

960

780

720

590

455

360

Feb.

372 fion

605

530

475

630

1,550

1,220

840

660

510

520

(UK

505

720

4

1 Aft

2,160

1 360

1^020

930

900 Q3n

1,020

1,710

14,500

5,040

2,210

1,590

Mar.

1,260

1,080

960

750

810

840

780

840

810

750

720

690

605

636

648

x

600

607

614

621

628

634

640

647

654

750

930

648

580

615

500

475

Apr.

505

510

535

530

620

840

1,220

1,190

1,300

1,470

S fifift

5,440

2,500

1,670

1,330

1 1 Oft

1,080

QQO

930

900

810 7<sn

720

fiS4

654

642

600

570

565

810

May.

1,300

1,020

900

780

» 690

690

600

630

750

636

iKn

510

420

410

390

O^Q

415

415

425

415

332

540

750

620

520

485

445

445

405

292

188

June.

352

376

252

228

200

105

168

248

208

184

176

1 ftft

144

136

204

204

200

368

308

364

405

272

248

129

140

196 208'

228

192

July.

328

280

780

660

515

610

490

870

8,200

2,030

1,120

1,080

1,160

810

625

520

440

364

405

900

750

750

810

420

435

372

376

440

385

356

Aug.

268

296

475

4,500

7,550

2,500

1,910

1,400

1,020

1,120

900

720

810

840

666

605

595

525

465

420

368

520

1,870

1,050

900

900

654

.545

485

636

900

Sept.

660

525

475

425

324

324

385

320

324

316

QfkA

OOA

272

316

296

328

319

310

301

292

282

272

263

254

245

236

332

376

320

288

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 16,1914. to Jan. 18,1915, and Feb. 1-14,1915; estimates based on ga&e heights corrected for backwater 

by means of three discharge measurements and climatic data. Discharge interpolated Mar. 17-23 and 

Sept. 17-25, as recorder was not working properly.
CONNECTICUT BIVEB BASIN. 89

Monthly discharge of Westfield River at Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area 496 square miles.]

\

Month.

November.......

December........

April.............

May... ..........

July..............

August...........

The year. . .

Observed discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

260 

550 

352 

6,000 

14,500 

1,260 

5,440 

1.300 

405 

8,200 

7,550 

660

14,500

i^tni^mtH,

61 

70 

40 

140 

372 

475 

505 

188 

105 

280 

268 

236

40

Mean.

113 

187 

206 

1,010 

1,710 

720 

1,170 

559 

232 

897 

1,170 

332

687

Diversion 

from Westfield Little 

River in 

millions of 

gallons

341.0 

311.8 

341.7 

327.4 

282.9 

325.2 

319.6 

324.6 

337.1 

344.9 

324.6 

328.7

3,910

Total discharge in 

second-feet

Mean.

130 

1 203 

223 

1,030 

1,730 

736 

1,190 

 576 

250 

914 

1,190 

349

704

Per 

square 

mile.

0.262 

.409 

.449 

2.08 

3.49 

1.48 

2.40 

1.16 

.504 

1.84 

2.40 

.704

1.42

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.46 

.52 

2.40 

3.63 

1.71 

2.68 

1.34 

.56 

2.12 2.77- 

.79

19.28

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF WESTFIELD RIVER AT GO8S HEIGHTS, MASS.

LOCATION. At the single-span highway bridge in Goes Heights, Hampshire County, 

about \\ miles north of the village of Huntington and half a mile above the mouth 

of the Middle Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 53 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 14, 1910, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on upstream side of abutment on 

right bank, referred to datum by hook gage inside the well; inclined staff for 

auxiliary readings; prior to September 7, 1912, chain gage attached to upstream 

side of bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and bowlders; control 

somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1910-1915: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 

7.33 feet at 9 p.m. July 8, 1915 (approximate discharge, determined from 

extension of rating curve, 4,500 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage 

recorder, 0.70 foot at 6 p. m. October 26 to 10 a. m. October 27,1914 (discharge, 

zero).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation caused by operation of a small power plant 

about 2 miles above the Station.

ACCURACY. Open-water records considered good.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by R. S. Bames.1

Date.

Dec. 16...........................

Tan. 8.............................

Feb.l. ...........................

Sage 

eight.

Feet. 

H. 40

>2.86

»1. 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

51

116

an

Date.

Mar. 2 ........... .... .......

Apr. 12 ..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.94

2.92

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

116

667
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.3

2.3

2.0

9 n

2.0

2.0

2

n

9 n

2.0

2 q

2.6

2.6

2.6

2 A

2.6

3.6

12

17

17

17

11

7.4

6 Q

6.9

5.2

1.4

.6

1.4

9 n

2 6

Nov.

2.0

4.0

2.6

2.3

2.6

2.9

3.6

9 n

4.4

3.6

2 0

3.6

2.6

9 Q

41

35

10

14

11

7 Q

7.4

6 Q

7.4

10

17

51

41

29

Dec.

14

16

18

15

11

8.9

9 4

11

10

8.4

5.6

7.4

7.9

51

55

9Q

23

15

19

19

90

QO

x 35

20

12

12

11

19

23

23

14

Jan.

12

12

12.

12

12

17

65

114

38

 w

19

41

388

OQC

991

9^8

335

O7Q

840

416

256

9tfi

221

286

91 Q

1fi9

1CQ

10C

107

on

57

Feb.

45

61

53

67

77

143

9ftfl

173

117

77

57

63

67

57

221

576

294

204

161

143

135

1d2

388

1,810

COrt

OQC

-ICO

*.

Mar.

138

124

99

84

97

82

72

84

75

61

59

53

50

45

47

41

38

QQ

30

33

36

Q9

35

45

65

102

61

47

38

Qn

OQ

Apr.

35

30

35

38

38

61

127

130

158

179

570

710

256

173

135

117

107

ino

92

82

75

59

47

43

OQ

OO

^A

35

35

75

May.

102

87

82

75

65

61

53

61

70

51

38

33

32

30

24

23

24

97

23

19

14

53

49

36

26

94

35

 w

12

9 A

8 Q

June.

7.4

5.6

5.2

4.8

4.0

2.6

3.6

3.6

3.2

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.2

1.2

*-4

2.9

4.8

6.0

4.0

5.6

6.4

3 9

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.0

9 ft

9 A

6.9

6.0

July.

23

51

65

38

30

38

19

919

886

176

80

135

117

61

41

35

32

30

26

112

35

67

38

30

33

24

23

23

26

26

18

Aug.

18

13

26

1,180

646

256

208

149

87

84

57

39

61

47

38

35

32

24

23

19

19

173

80

72

53

38

35

35

80

77

Sept.

' 43

30

27

24

23

15

12

13

13

13

12

9.4

11

6.4

3.6

3.6

4.4

4.4

4.0

6.0

33

38

12

7.4

5.2

6.0

7.4

7 Q

6.0

6.4

1 NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 

19-27; Dec. 16 to Jan. 17; Jan. 30 to Feb. 15, and Feb. 27 to Mar 12; estimates based on gage heights corrected 

f9r backwater by means of four discharge measurements and climatic data, but owing to unstable conditions of ice can be considered only approximately correct.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights; Mass., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 53 square miles.]

Month.

December. ..............................

April...................................

May......... ...........................

juiy. ........................ .:... ......

The year. ........ '. ................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17 

51 

55 

879 

1,810 

138 

710 

102 

9.4 

919 

1,180 

43

1,810

Minimum.

0.4 

2.0 

5.6 

12 

45 

30 

30 

8.9 

1.2 

18 

13 

3.6

.4

Mean.

. 4.72 

12.2 

18.0 

188 

230 

60.5 

122 

41.0 

3.92 

105 

124 

13.6

76.1

Per 

square 

mile.

O.OS9 

.230 

.340 

, 3.55 

4.34 

1.14 

2.30 

.774 

.074 

1.98 

2.34 

.257

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.10 

.26 

.39 

4.09 

4.52 

1.31 

2.57 

.89 

.08 

2.28 

2.70 

.29

19.48

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C 

C. 

A. 

A.

!:

A 

A.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 91 

WESTFIELD LITTLE RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At diversion dam of Springfield waterworks, in town of Russell, Hampden County, 3 .miles below confluence of Pebble and Borden brooks, and about 

3 miles west of Westfield; originally (July, 1905, to December, 1909) a short distance below Borden Brook, near Cobble Mountain.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 48 square miles at present site; 43 square miles at original site.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 13, 1905, to September 30, 1915.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. High-water flow determined from continuous 

record of head on concrete diversion dam (crest length, 155.4 feet), for which 

coefficients have been deduced from experiments at Cornell University; lowwater flow less than 163 second-feet determined from continuous record of 

head on a 12-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions, the crest being 

2.55 feet below that of dam. Water diverted to city of Springfield is measured by 

a 54-inch Venturi meter, using continuous-record chart. Daily record corrected 

for storage in a reservoir on Borden Brook about 5 miles above station. Owing 

to the time required for water to reach the dam and the natural storage along the 

stream, and the fact that no allowance is made for evaporation and seepage from 

the reservoir, the record as corrected does not represent exactly the natural flow 

of the stream at all times.

At original site below Borden Brook (used 1905 to 1909) discharge was determined by methods commonly employed at current-meter gaging stations. From 

August, 1906, to September, 1907, a 30-foot weir was maintained a short distance

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum 24-hour discharge recorded, 1,850 second-feet

February 25, 1915; apparent minimum discharge zero at» various times. See

footnote to tables of daily and monthly discharge. 

DIVERSIONS. Record of water diverted at station for municipal supply of Springfield

included in records as published. 

COOPERATION. Data collected and compiled under direction of E. E. Lochridge,

chief engineer, Board of Water Commissioners, Springfield, Mass.

i Results obtained by weir and current-meter methods are compared in U. S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Paper 201, pp. 105-110, and 241, pp. 164-168.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for ike year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.........]....

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3.9

11

19

1711

16

17

14

15

.8

1.5

2.4

1.2

2.5

18

13

Nov.

1.0

1.6

.7

- 11

1.0

12

14

78

95

40

151

142

49

95

142

142

70

79

49

29

22

28

Dec

19'

28

23

33

16

14

14

22

14

14

23

14

11

29

27

9.9

3.3

15

20

24

15

15

14

24

6.9

1.6

2.2

40

17

25

Jan.

0.5

15

20

3.2

4.3

14

326

138

101

49

37

185

533

232

149

105

130

807

925

413

15799-

193

266

152

110

93

88

48

44

49

Feb.

146

126

96

74

62

283

303

153

120

89

73

81

76

49

300

652

258

138

111

98

95

83

108

658

1,850

546

247

148

Mar.

114

SO

70

55

68

55

53

55

55

52

) 52

50

49

52

42

41

39

41

36

21

 31

32

58

49

70

66

52

38

35

39

41

Apr.

38

28

37

31

50

70

123

140

136

162

608

767

339

177

133

118

110

101

94

93

64

77

77

78

70

70 >62

5958'

222

May.

228

145

115

126

119

103

101

111

123

101

85

70

63

57

50

42

49

51

41

36

48

126

102

80

61

59

57

50

42

35

26

June.

24

19

16

15

13

13

15

17

15

15

15

4.5

3.6

11

16

73

125

62

120

117

42

38

31

25

21

22

19

14

16

July.

88

135

114

96

77x

52

47

382

962

514

116

104

111

73

57

48

41

33

25

25

28

51

41

26

20

20

25

40

33

23

Aug.

19

20

26

697

522

,218

160

103

77

54

49

43

78

56

42

36

41

33

24

22

28

134

236

129

96

59

49

38

38

58

56

Sept.

43

35

33

25

21

19

20

17

14

14

13

15

11

3.9

7.0

22

23

12

12

38

78

23

26

12

19

19

15

13

10

NOTE For days for which discharge is not given, the quantity of water released from storage was 

apparently equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam. , > Monthly discharge of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 48 square miles.] '

Month.

October. ......................................

March.........................................

April.... ....... :..............................

May.... ....;... ...............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18 

151 

40 

925 

1,850 

114 

767 

228 

125 

962 

697 

78

1,850

Minimum.

«,u

0.5 

 49 

21 

28 

26 

3.6 

20 

19 

(«)

(a)

Mean.

5.2 

41.7 

17.3 

178 

251 

51.3 

140 

81.3 

35.0 

112 

104 

20.4

85.3

Per 

square 

mile.

0.108 

.860 

.360 

3.71 

5.23 

1.07 

2.92 

1.69 

.729 

2.42 

2.17 

.425

1.78

'

Run-off 

(depth in 

s inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.96 

.42 

4.28 

5.45 

1.23 

3.26 

1.95 

.81 

2.79 

2.50 

.47

24.24

See footnote to daily discharge table.
CONNECTICUT R'lVER BASIN. 93

BORDEN BROOK NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At the outlet of Borden Brook reservoir in the town of Granville, Hampden County, 2 miles above the confluence of Borden and Pebble brooks and about 

8 miles west of Westfield.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1910, to September 30,1915. \

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Ffow determined from a continuous record of the 

head on a 5-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions; results are then 

corrected for apparent gain or loss in water stored in reservoir, but, as no allowance 

is made for evaporation or seepage, they show only approximately the natural flow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum 24-hour flow recorded during year, 245 secondfeet on February 25, 1915; minimum apparent flow: Zero at various times when 

' the quantity of stored water released was apparently equal to or greater than the 

measured flow at the weir.

1&10-1915: Maximum 24-hour flow recorded, 294 second-feet on October 21, 

1911; minimum apparent flow, zero.

COOPERATION . Records furnished by the board of water commissioners of Springfield> 

through E. E. Lockridge, chief engineer.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Nov.

1.3

17.0

15.9

6.6

25.2

23.6

8.1

15.9

23.6

23.6

24.7

4.6

7.7

Dec.

7.7

9.3

7.7

9.3

7.7

7.7

6.1

.5

.5

9.8

.7

7.7

9.3

6.9

1.6

2.0

9.3

7.7

Jan.

0.5

9

c

.7

3.2

2.0

71.6

15.5

17.0

7.7

83.6

20.1

65.0

26.3

17.0

34.1

152

127

54.2

27.9

9.3

37.2

26.3

27.9

9.3

9.3

18.6

9.3

9.3

9

»i

Feb.

57.9

18.6

18.6

Q 1

9.3

48.0

38.7

20.0

20.1

18.6

.10.8

9.3

20.1

77.4

60.4

40.2

20 1

20.1

9.3

10.8

9.3

20.1

243

245

54.2

21.7

21.7

Mar.

21.7

10.8

10.8

18.6

11.2

11.2

11.2

11.2

11,2

11.2

11.2

22.1

11.2

11.2

11.2

22.1

12.8

.4

11.2

12.8

11.5

9.3

21.7

10.8

i6.8

10.8

Apr.

9.3

10.8

10.8

10. S

21.7

32.5

21.7

32.5

163

88.2

37.2

24.9

13.9

15.0

15.0

15.0

15.0

14.5

.6

5.8

6.2

5.9

4.6

3.5

2.8

2-8

2.8

42.1

May.

29.0

25.8

9.4

15.6

12.2

4.7

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

47

3.5

2.3

8.4

9.1

10.0

7.3

4.2

3.1

June.

4.0

7.1

8.2

17.5

12.9

9.3

18.6

9.9

11.0

^ 2.2

2.2

July.

6.8

6.7

8.1

6.8

5.4

4.0

2.9

127

78.2

37.5

21.2

10.0

13.4

2.1

6.6

5.0

5.0

Aug.

146

76.3

37.2

94 1

13.2 14 i

i A.

1 9

1.1

. 9.5

22.7

20.4

20.4

16.9

4.6

2.8

3.2

5.5

5.8

Sept

3.8

3.2

2.2

12.9

12.4

:::::/.:

37.2

9 q

NOTE. For days for which discharge is not given, the quantity of water released from storage was apparently equal to or greater than that passing over the weir.
94

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

of.Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915. i

[Drainage area, 8.0 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year ..............:.................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

25.2 

9.8

152

245 

22.1 

163 

29.0 

18.6 

127 

146 

37.2

245

Minimum.

».

Mean.

0.00 

6.59 

3.60 

29.1 

40.1 

10.7 

21.0 

5.56 

3.43 

11.2 

13.9 

2.70

12.1

Per 

square 

mjle.

o.odo

.824 

.450 

3.64 

5.01 

1.34 

2.62 

.695 

.429 

1.40 

1.74 

.338

1.51

Run-Off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.00 

.92 

.52 

4.20 

5.22 

1.54 

2.92 

.80 

.48 

1.61 

2.01 

.38

20.60

NOTE. For months for which no maximum or minimum is given see footnote to daily discharge table. 

FARMINGTON RIVER o NEAR NEW BOSTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At a highway bridge a quarter of a mile below Clam River and about a 

mile south of New Boston, Berkshire County.

DEAINAGE AREA. 92.7 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder, installed June 11, 1913, on left 

bank on downstream side of bridge referred to datum by a hook gage inside the 

well; vertical staff installed on bridge abutment May 27,1913, is used for auxiliary 

readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 120 feet below gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rocky and filled with boulders; control-practically permanent except as affected by removal of rocks in measuring section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

7.15 feet at 4 a. m. February 25 (discharge, computed from extension of rating 

curve, 2,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.24 feet at 6 p. m. November3, 1914 

(discharge, 4.8 second-feet).

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.64 feet October 26,1913 (discharge, 3,200 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.22 feet August 27, 1913 (discharge, 4.4 

second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Otis reservoir, about 5 miles above New 

Boston, and by operation of a woodworking shop just above the station.

ACCURACY. Results for open-water periods considered good.

Discharge measurements of Farmington River near NewBoston, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

.Date.

Dec. 18

Feb. 3

Made by 

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

6 3.08

6 3.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40.8

151

Date.

Mar. 4

Made by ,

C. H. Pierce.... ........

height.

Feet. 

3.65

3.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

151

122

a Formerly published as "West Branch of Farmington River.' 

& Discharge relation affected by ice.
CONNECTICUT BIVEE BASIN. 95

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 80, 1915.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

Q

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

65

4O

38

36

29

. 27

23

22

21

16

13

10

10

15

9Q

27

22

22

15

15

10

7.0

11

13

11

8.8

8.8

10

10

13io

Nov.

12

13

13

16

 15

15

15

14

15

16

16

16

15

15

16

32

40

40

36

40

36

40

36

Q«

38

37

45

42

4Q

40

Dec.

32

42

44

41

36

36

35

37

37

36

40in

44

47

71

65

54

43

30

40

49

40

41

32

34

34

25

23

23

54

67

Jan.

50

38

33

29

29

TO

650

455

435

375

210

337

680

286

185

141

118

550

980

600

337

210

224

375

210

162

141

108

116

199

Feb.

269

173

151

141

131

210

286

197

151

151

197

122

112

141

710

415

302

238

185

162

151

162

337

2,000

875

455

337

Mar.

2)89

210

162

151,

131

116

108

104

105

104

87

87

86

77

77

90

65

75

60

71

73

75

77

84

Ql

87

83

79

75

71

74

Apr.

77

84

87

82

93

141

151

185

210

224

375

980

525

337

254

197

173

162

162

151

141

122

118

118

108

110

112

105

106

162

May.

197

173

162

141

131

131

116

151

162

131

112,

105

98

87

81

78

81

90

82

73

71

141

162

141

114

104

112

98

87

77

74

June.

67

61

54

52

47

47

47

50

47

43

41

40

37

32

34

107

162

151

98

151

122

86

86

90

74

60

56

71

62

62

July116

162

151

151

141

141

518

1,700

1,310

550

337

269

224

151

110

90

93

96

99

102

104

105

107

96

84

68

65

62

98

80

62

Aug.

56

54

105

574

1,060

500

375

238

185

141

114

98

112

99

84

75

107

87

65

60

55

212

415

185

151

122

98

110

87

100

112

Sept.

96

80

65

62

58

55

52

50

48

46

44

42

39

37

37

46

49

56

58

58

105

122

90

65

49

43

52

49

44

41

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 1,500 second-feet. Discharge 

relation affected by ice Dec. 16,1914, to Jan. 5,1915, and Jan. 31 to Feb. 12,1915; estimates based on two 

discharge measurements and climatic data. Discharge estimated Feb. 27 to Mar. 1, and interpolated 

Nov. 5-7, Sept. 1,2,4-6,8,9, and 11-13, as the recorder was not working properly.

Monthly discharge of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 92.7 square miles.]

Month.

March..

April...................................

May.. .............................. ....

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

65 

49 

71 

980 

2,000 

269 

980 

197 

162 

1,700 

1,060 

122

2,000

Minimum.

7.0 

12 

23 

29 

112 

60 

77 - 

71 

32 

62 

54 

37

7.0

Mean.

19.9 

27.0 

41.3 

274 

319 

100 

195 

115 

71.2 

240 

188 

57.9

136

Per 

square 

mile.

0.215 

.291 

.446 

2.96 

3.44 

1.08 

2.10 

1.24 

.768 

2.59 

2.03 

.625

1.47

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.32 

.51 

3.41 

3.58 

1.24 

2.34 

1.43 

.86 

2.99 

2.34 

.70

19.97N

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown by 

the table .do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge 

and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over 

from year to year.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

HOTJSATONIC RIVER BASIN. i

HOUSATONIC RIVER NEAR GREAT BARRINGTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At a highway bridge about a quarter of a mile northeast of the Van Dusenville railroad station and 2 miles north of Great Barrington, Berkshire county.

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles.,

RECORDS AVAILABLE.. May 17, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Inclined staff attached to concrete anchorages on downstream side of left 

abutment of bridge; vertical high-water section attached to bridge abutment.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel, and alluvial deposits; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage'recorded during year, 6.8 feet at 6 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. July 9 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 4,100 

second-feet); zero flow recorded on afternoon of October 25,1914 (water held back 

by mills).

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.9 feet March 29, 1914 (discharge, deter, 

mined from extension of rating curve 5,200 second-feet); zero flow at various times 

due to holding back of water by mills.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge, relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by the operation of a paper mill about a mile above the 

station, which causes low water on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Records are based on two observations a day, but as the operation of the 

paper mill does not cause serious diurnal fluctuation, they are considered fairly 

good.

Discharge measurements of Hortsatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., driring the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by R. S. Barnes.]

Date.

Feb. 2.. ..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.46

o2.42

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

.151

, 278

Date. height.

Feet. 

2.38

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

512

((Discharge relation affected by ice.
/HOUSATONIC BIVER BASIN. 97

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic Riwr near Great Barrington, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8.... ......

9.......... 10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19. .........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26........--

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

Oct.

115

112

87

a 13

56

135

122

125

97

24

o3.0

51

32

100

107

97

49

a 1.0

48

125

122

165

158

110

o2.0

85

90 '75

81

83

47

Nov.

a 10

122

165

150

Q7

22

o!59

75

150

107

90

, 57

132

o!65

97

125

195

130

107

48

o67

105

130

135

37.

122

on

oil

165

Dec.

110

125

150

115

115

o77

90

162

85

100

110

61

054

150

135

162

165

1EQ

65

a 63

97

165

195

150

17

a 56

85

100

105

135

Jan.

159

255

o67

on

Ql

97

141

520

550

o295

210

195

610

520

375

335

a 295

420

1,500

1,260

1,050

295

240

0495

445

' 420

445

335

225

95

150

Feb.

420

470

9QK

Q1 e

335

700

a 520

580

445

375

375

315

o335

580

2,470

1,740

1,050

770

7ftft

o397

520

520

520

3,370

3,640

3,190

ol,190

Mar.

520

QQA

7OK

*&n

580

1OR

420

580

470

335

420

445

o375

315

420

397

355

355

01 E

«255

375

335

397

355

420

375

0315

225

375

07K

Apr.

375

275

130

o275

255

375

520

520

470

397

01,050

2,140

2,060

1 '980 740

770

640

o445

470

610

520

420

375

335

0355

240

420

335

295

295

May.

"420

0355

OQK

397

420

QEC

315

420

o335

315

1Q7

355

315

99K

295

o!95

195

255

275

OQE

255

275

o375

.,295

255

335

295

335

375

ol65

ion

June.

195

195

9A(\

122

110

o!3

141

122

105

97

81

69

o85

97

130

122

75

115

97

o73

225

130

225

195-

195

165

ol65

180

210

165

July.

255

315

320

255

420

375

1,050

4,110

3 Q7ft

a 2, 060

1 420

1,190

osn

700

495

470

a295

275

520

580

470

445

470

255

495

295

355

255

150

Aug.

o!59

IttK

90*.

315

1 <idft

i ion

1,120

o770

69

520

520

420

^11

Q1 E

0375

240

375

470

375

O7K

210

0355

315

'580-

550

610

520

445

0355

195

KKft

Sept,

445

255

«153

110

ilW

24(1

315

275

240

ol80

225

225

195

240

' 225

255

o!80

9<dA

275

520

445

397

255

o210

255

. 255

75

225

Sunday.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well denned below 1,700 second-feet. Discharge relation may have been affected by ice at various times from Dec. 16 to Jan. 18, and Jan. 31 to Feb. 15; discharge 

estimated from open water rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

165 

195 

195 

1,500 

3,640 

980 

2,140 

420 

240 

4,110 

1,340 

520

3,640

Minimum.

1.0

- 10 

17 

67 

295 

225 

130 

165 

13 

150 

69 

75

1.0

Mean.

80.9 

106 

112 

402 

954 

429 

603 

309 

138 

755 

462 

269

382

Per 

square 

mile.

0.289 

.379 

.400 

1.44 

3.41 

1.53 

2.15 

1.10 

.493 

2.70 

1.65 

.961

1.^6

Run-off 

.(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area),

0.33 

.42 

.46 

1.66 

3.55 

1.76 

2.40 

1.27 

.55 

3.11 

1.90 

1.07

18.48

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

60411° WSP 401 17-
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

HOUSATONIO RIVER AT FALLS VILLAGE, CONN. .

LOCATION. At Falls Village, Litchfield county, about half a mile below the power 

plant of the Connecticut Power Co. and 23 miles north of Gaylordsville.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 644 square miles (measurement furnished by Connecticut Power 

Co.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11,1912, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Temporary staff gages July 11 to October 26,1912; chain gage 1,500 feet below 

the railroad station October 27, 1912, to May 22, 1914; Stevens automatic water 

stage recorder, 300 feet below the chain gage, December 15, 1913, to September 

30,1915. All gage heights referred to datum of chain gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made1 by wading at low stages from a boat at medium 

stages and by means of floats at flood stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and of fairly uniform cross section; one 

channel at all times. Control not clearly defined except at low stages; probably 

permanent.

EXTREMES ov DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 13.3 feet at 4.30 p. m. March 

29, 1914 (discharge, 8,830 second-feet); zero flow was recorded at various times 

during the months of October, 1914, to January, 1915, when power plant was 

shut down and water was being stored.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation occasionally affected by ice.

REGULATION. Prior to June, 1914; the flow at low water was regulated by power 

plants farther upstream; thereafter the plant of the Connecticut Power Co. completely regulated the low-water flow. The plant has a present capacity of 9,000 

kilowatts with a normal head on the wheels of 90 feet.

ACCURACY. Record has been obtained by standard methods of stream-gaging and is 

considered good.

COOPERATION. Entire record has been furnished by the Connecticut Power Co.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., during the years

19U-1914.

Date.

1912. Aug. 7

8

Oct. 26

27 

Nov. 11

12

' 13

Made by 

.....do.................

Wood and Hodsdon. . . .

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

"0.63

00.33

&6.05

C 5.51 <*4.58

"4.02

/3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

258

155

2,630

2,270 

1,830

1,380

1,130

Date.

1913. 

Mar. 17

May 16

July 8

9

g

Sept. 20

30

1914. 

May 21

Made by 

Jonyand Downs.......

D.M. Wood...........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

A

Feet. 

6.06

2.45

1.60

1.44 

1.55

1.46

'.94 

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,620

667

254

205 

235

199

82 

1,360

"Stiff ,

& Gage height by staff gage 4.20 feet.

« Gage height by staff gage 3.70 feet.

NOTE. Gage heights referred to chain gage except as noted.

<* Gage height by staff gage 3.50 feet. 

e Gage height by staff gage 2.59 feet. 

/ Gage height by staff gage 2.19 feet.
HOUSATONIC EIVEB BASIN. 90 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for 1912-1915.

Day.

1912. 

1..............

3........-. ....

4.... ...... ....

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17... ........ .\.

18..............

»

<

20..............

21..............

oo

23..............

24... ...... .....

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

1912-13. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

280

ORO

256

300

234

154

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

217

238

109

109

157

136

109

91

166

2,160

2 Qflfl

9 fiOA

2,360

1,420

1,160

1,000 

926

Nov.

'

646 ?on

1,120

790

775

710

632

2,130

2,800

2,410

1,820

1,380

1,190

1,190

1,550

1,470 i 3nn

1,170

1,000

975

950

875

860

865

870

725

1,170

1,040

1,080

MOO

Dec.

845

1,050

1,720

1,980

1,900

1,990

1,980

1,880

1,540

1,340

1,230

1,120

1,100

1,120

1,080

850

925

1,100

1,230

1,530

1,580

1,590

1,530

1,510

1

QQA

1,200

1,370

1,450

1,440

1,470 

1.810

Jan.

2,110

2.800

2,430

2,740

2,800

1,960

2,170

2,280

2,450

2,980

3,020

2,840

2,600

2,340

2,070

2,080

2,140

2,300

2,670

2,720

2,650

2,080

2,080

2,130

2,150

2,150

2,110

2,080

1,400

1,290 

1.690

Feb.

1,770

1,660

1,600

1,320

1,290

1,600

1,550

1,540

1,480

1,420

1,480

1,320

1,120

1,000

915

940

588

900

655

725

750

1,140

1,640

1,510

1,230

1,290

825

1,690

.......

Mar.

1,660

1,330

1,290

1,320

1,260

1,020

825

865

910

1,290

1,790

1,930

1,720

1,890

3,210

3,900

3,800

3,500

2,730

2,390

2,410

2,430

2,330

1,980

1 960

2 430

3,930

A Qfifl

8,110

7,160 

5.520

Apr.

4,410

3,660

3,180

2,880

2,720

2,660

2,500

2,300

2,100

1,810

1,670

3,670

4,200

4,240

4,060

3,420

2,980

2,500

2,180

1,740

1,540

1,520

1,450

1,320 i 9on

1,250

1,050

1,070

1,610

1,510

May.

1,420

1,270

1,010

.860

480

845

840

700

650

508

480

440

610

628

556

542

619

574

512

655

664

810

880

1,460

1,970

1,600

1,150

1,030

1,710

1,650 

1.240

June.

fi3<J

700

800

800

1,250

1,120

1,060

1,080

740

624

592

529

472

428

360

208

199

178

184

360

725

400

388

400

400

332

336

272

283

220

July,

383

334

338 lifi

266

VM

262

262

388

284

329

231

288

255

228

eytjt

td&

160

175

270

208

328

294

211

208

175

224

214

208

217

224

208

199

211

199

175

196

214

202

154

80

205

214

914

109

139

139

115

148 

154

Aug.

192

224

266

224

175

248

252

169

172

172

803

637

545

1Q1)

324

347

262

316

276

430

450

374

338

555

370

206

307

206

276

Stll

206

118

133

178

187

202

118

190

184

190

214

136

112

142

133

136

115

142

118

118

118

196

190

172

163

166

166

80

175

196

202 

166

Sept.

iao

445

450

401

576

571

495

425

308

276

430

304

329

182

214

228

329

374

256

242

304

250

200

,234

378

273

182

189

214

234

190

190

187

205

178

211

175

163

187

163

196

166

166

181

85

92

80

166

166

184

166

178

283

297

283

208

no

214

208

72
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Houaatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for

19U-1915 Continued.

Day.

1913-14. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.:............

17...............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1914-15. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22........: ....

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30.............. q-i

Oct.

308

420

448

297

205

211

178

154

196

178

181

214

376

280

311

258

227

205

199

196

262

314

346

290

592

2,060

4,510

3,500

2,630

1,700

1,270

160

169

151

139

163

166

166

169

157

160

133

154

148

59

24

37

60

92

121

121

136

121

121

98

88

112

112

115

112

112

112

Nov.

885

592

596

700

740

601

583

538

710

1,220

2,020

2,010

1,350

1,220

1,010

1,040

900

880

1,100

1,200

1,170

1,180

1,060

885

950

955

850

795

900

880

90

109

109

118

136

133

100

98

112

118

98

88

87

73

29

154

139

136

136

127

139

124

157

148

145

112

115

115

100

160

Dec.

890

880

1,000

870

740

745

805

1,550

1,490

1,300

1,240

900

1,170

1,010

740

875

900

915

700

725

619

715

735

870

930

835

810

855

900

870

673

139

154

151

142

112

95

115

136

157

118

130

106

148

145

151

151

151

124

100

151

148

130

125

109

86

98

138

136

141

130

Jan.

600

550

450

400

350

350

350

350

350

300

300

250

200

200

200

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

600-

1,200

800

800

900

1,000

1,400

1,600

45

70

35

135

140

145

950

2,240

1,680

1,270

760

950

2,090

2,000

1,240

765

668

1,700

2,690

2,660

2,040

1,290

965

1,650

1,420

1,190

1,000

810

655

696

583

Feb.

1,800

1,600

1,300

1,100

1,000

800

800

800

800

700

700

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

500

450

450

450

400

350

400

400

1,050

1,500

1,360

1,150

l,06a

1,340

2,320

1,950

1,490

1,240

960

840 870'

860

1,460

3,830

3,960

3,140

2,200

1,490

1,170

965

1,040

1,330

3,760

5,850

4,800

3,740

Mar.

400

1,000

2,500

2,300

2,100

1,900

1,600

1,400

1,280

1,330

1,240

1,420

1,020

975 855-

850

2,020

2,800

2,530

2,120

1,950

1,920

860

1,000

2,350

1,590

4,040

7,190

8,520

7,390

5,640

2,760

2,020

1,640

1,320

1,340

1,140

1,040

920

935

955

920

725

735

730

664

601

691

646

592

588

538

538

547

512

592

642

655

601

606

606

601

Apr.

4,640

4,580

5,100

4,830

4,320

3,120

2,750

2,860

4,740

5,680

5,640

5,040

4,260

3,660

3,300

3,280

3,190

3,220

3,050

3,050

3,820

4,280

4,140

3,600

2,930

2,900

3,350

3,220

3,090

3,100

542

484

488

432

556

632

915

1,090

1,030

1,020

1,340

2,740

3,120

2,810

2,240

1.620

1,390

1,230

990

1,070

1,000

830

875

795

740

637

686

720

673

730

May.

2,710

2,470

1,960

1,710

1,860

3,330

3,430

3,050

2,630

2,260

1,700

1,900

2,770

3,160

2 84(1

2,600

2,120

1,640

1,530

1,460

1,440

1,320

1,100

835

691

750

780

780

790

637

480

855,

820

682

673

740

765

650

740

920

715-

705

664

610

534

460

464

436

476

504

500

456

700

678

668

596

547

614

601

476

432

356

June.

606

583

332

512

632

696

565

583

480

448

400

408

440

332

220

380

300

416

404

388

234

404

619

230

262

227

248

318

262

290

336

346

325

356

318

241

311

308

314

280

224

187

154

234

266

255

241

297

356

529

512

452

420

560

420

416

276

350

336

339

July.

392

-, 396

364

244

208

208

353

570

420

368

416

396

372

318

318

314

297

350

308

266

272

283

255

248

238

208

238

S220

224

220

214

339

504

715

865

845

830

910

1,080

3,390

4,480

4,390

3,540

2,630

1,990

1,580

1,280

980

960

835

1,360

1,220

1,400

1,230

1,080

935

730

745

850

850

850

840

Aug.

217

196

220

217

224

252

234

214

196

268

280

262

248

234

202

190

258

252

248

227

208

300

392

332

346

300

269

276

336

244

266

529

583

664

1,210

3,220

3,320

2,720

2,170

1,610

1,460

1,330

1,230

1,170

895

830

 850

1,020

1,060

910

845

632

1,010

1,730

1,740

1,450

1,440

1,260

1,040

960

1,060

975

Sept.

252

244

OKO

248

*>17

193

196

248

241

244

238

163

220

234

227

184

169

160

142

163

172

163

157

160

151

136

166

163

1W

1,090

7fifi

78(0

686

614

516

500

504

583

588

460

368

448

444

420

460

476

538

400

516

642

1,020

1,080

975

686

350

730

583

460

456

NOTE. No gage freight record Sept. 22, Oct. 7-14, 1912, and July 28-30,1915; discharge estimated. Ice 

reported In river Feb. 7-23,1913; Jan. 1 to Mar. 8,1914, and Jan. 1-7,1915.
HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN". 101

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for 1912-15. 

[Drainage area, 644 square miles.J

Month.

1912. 

July 11-31...... ...............................

September. ....................................

1912-13. 

October.......................................

November. ....................................

February. .................. ............... ^ . March......................................... April.......................

May...........................................

June. .......................................... July........................ . . ........

September... . .................................

1913-14. 

October. ................... ....... ..........

November. ......................... ..........

March............................. . ........

April..........................................

Matr

July...........................................

September... . .................................

1914-15.

November. ....................................

December. ....................................

Match.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

440 

803 

576

2,960 

2,800 

1,990 

3,020 

1,770 

8,110 

4,410 

1,970 

1,250 

328 

214 

297

8,110

4,510 

' 2,020 

1,550 

1,600 

1,800 

8,520 

5,680 

3,430 

696 

570 

392 

252

8,520

169 

160 

157 

2,690 

5>850 

2,760 

3,120 

920 

560 

4.480 

3,320 

1,090

5,850

Minimum.

145 

169 

182

91 

632 

845 

1,290 

588 

825 

1,050 

440 

178 

80 

80 

72

72

154 

538 

619 

200 

350 

400 

2,750 

480 

220 

208 

190 

136

136

24 

29 

86 

35 

840 

512 

432 

356 

154 

339 

529 

350

24

Mean.

275 

321 

316

591 

1,180 

1,410 

2,300 

1.250 

2,700 

2,420 

915 

536 

193 

157 

181

1,150

726 

984 

912 

513 

721 

2,390 

3,820 

1,830 

407 

306 

255 

196

1,090

122 

117 

131 

1,110 

2,030 

884 

1,110 

614 

332 

1,430 

1,320 

605

810

Pj« 

square 

mile.

0.427 

.498 

.491

0.918 

1.83 

2.19 

3.57 

1.94 

4.19 

3.76 

1.42 

.832 

.297 

.244 

.281

1.79

1.13 1.53 % 

1.42 

.797 

1.12 

3.71 

5.93 

2.84 

.632 

.475 

.396 

.304

1.69

.189 

.182 

.203 

1.72 

3.15 

L37 

1.72 

.953 

.516 

2.22 

2.05 

.939

1.26

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33 

.57 

.55

1.06 

2.04 

2.52 

4.12 

2.02 

4.83 

4.20 

1.64 

.93 

.34 

.28 

.31

24.29

 ' "

L30 

1.71 

1.64 

.«2 

1.17 

4.28 

6.62 

3.27 

.71 

.55 

.46 

.34

22.97

.22 

.20 

.23 

L98 

3.28 

1.58 

1.92 Lie

.58 

2.56 

2.36 

1.05

17.06

HOUSATONIC RIVER At GAYLORDSVILJLJE, CONN.

LOCATION. At the covered wooden highway bridge at Gaylordsville, Litchfield

County, about 2 miles below mouth of Tenmile River. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,020 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 24, 1900, to November 14, 1914, when station was

discontinued.

GAGE. Chain attached to the bridge; read once each day. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable If miles below the gage, or by

wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and irregular. Large bowlders and rocks

a short distance below the bridge from the control.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice for short periods. i 

REGULATION. The nearest dam downstream is at New Milford, Conn., about 7 miles 

below the station; at high stages backwater from this dam may slightly affect the 

discharge relation. The operation of the power plant about 1 mile above the 

station greatly affects the flow at low stages.

A special study by means of a temporarily installed water-stage recorder in November, 1914, showed that the diurnal fluctuation at the station was so large that reliable 

estimates of daily discharge could not be made from one gage reading a day. For this 

reason neither gage heights nor discharge estimates are published for the year ending 

September 30, 1915.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., during the period

Oct. 1 to Nov. 14,1914.

[Made by R. M. Adams.]

Date.

Oct. 27...........................

28.. ...L.... .................

29...........................

31...........................

Nov. 2...........................

6...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Q f\A

3.16

2.56

<i 14

o QA

3.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

258

91 f»

82

217 irtO

198

Date.

Nov. 7..........................

8

'

11..........................

19

14..........................

£B.

Feet.

% 19

2.47

2.99

2.65

9 QA

Discharge.

8ec.-ft.

OrtQ

53

183

88

160

NOTE. Measurements made by wading at various sections. v 

POMPERATJG RIVER AT BENNETTS BRIDGE, CONN.

LOCATION. About one-fifth mile above the confluence of the Pomperaug with Housatonic River, one-fourth mile north of Bennetts Bridge, New Haven County, and

1 mile east of the Sandy Hook Railroad station. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 89.3 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE.- July 30, 1913, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Inclined staff in three parts, attached to rock ledge and to tree on right bank. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at gage or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel irregular and covered with gravel and bowlders.

Control is formed by large rocks about 100 feet below the gage and is sharply

defined. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year (no record January 1

to February 28), 4.1 feet at 4.30 p. m. August 4 (discharge, 660 second-feet);

minimum stage probably occurred during the early part of October, 1914, at

which time the discharge relation was uncertain by reason of temporary backwater;

minimum discharge subsequent to October 17, 19 second-feet November 7-8. 

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.4 feet March 2, 1914 (discharge, 2,520

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.68 second-foot September 20, 1914

(discharge, 7.7 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. , REGULATION. Power plants at South Britain, 2$ miles above the station, cause a

small diurnal fluctuation at low stages. 

ACCURACY. Several discharge rating curves have been used owing to changes in the

control; these curves are fairly well defined except for the period September 27,

1914, to March 1, 1915, for which estimates are uncertain.
HOUSATONIC BIVEB. BASIN. 10B

Discharge measurements of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

X

Nov. 3

IS

Dec. 19

Made by 

.....do..................

height.

Feet, 

o2.68

03.05

03.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. *>A *>

60.6

b Q*? Q

Date.

 VTor 3

Apr. 10

10

Tuna oo

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

4B.

Feet. 

2.42

2.06

2.07

1.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft 

202

126

129

33.2

o Discharge relation affected by temporary dam below the gage. f> Affected by ice.

Dvily discharge, in second-feet, of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

I...................

2........ ............

3...................

4....... ............

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...........*........

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17... .................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25..

26...................

27...................

28...................

29....

30...................

31...................

Oct.

105

66

55

50

35

30

30

9ft

26

26

26

22

22

99

26

Nov.

22

22

26

26

22

22

19

19

26

22

22

22

OO

26

26

91

55

50

66

66

55

45

45

45

45

55

55

45

45

Dec.

45

40

40

35

35

35

45

40

45

45

45

Mar.

272

231

209

155

151

166

163

159

134

134

127

122

120

114

114

114

106

O7

93

97

93

96

107

106

96

91

8R

78

87

77

72

Apr.

v 70

71

76

66

107

144

189

159

144

128

182

420

224

176

153

135

127

118

110

104

93

89

107

120

101

93

89

80

85

89

May.

148

110

97

85

114

112

91

104

104

82

70

64

98

91

71

61

66

77

63

56

56

213

159

112

127

101

118

85

72

58

56

June.

54

49

46

43

40

39

37

43

40

37

32

33

30

29

28

46

42

38

34

32

,37

32

31

40

30

29

28

29

27

26

July.

195

1(U

76

55

50

93

53

71

257

101

70

60

52

55

50

32

36

31

34

30

36

46

^7

32

27

28

30

24

44

40

31

Aug.

Ul

27

32

246

392

184

9na

141

193

355

ISO

137

235

159

118

103

84

76

65

61

u

120

211

112

182

141

85

72

78

117

96

Sept.

71

*u

55

52

EA

50

49

50

49

42

36

35

Afi

44

39

35

32

36

36 ' VJ

355

280

155

O7

 R4

75

flfl

65

58

55

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 17 to Dec. 11 from a ratine curve not well defined; 

Mar. 1 to Sept. 30 from a well-defined rating curve. No estimates of discharge determined for the 

winter. For the period Oct. 1-16, on account of uncertainty as to backwater, no estimates have been 

made.
104 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for ike year ending

Sept. SO,- 1915.

{Drainage area, 89.3 square mfles.D

Month.

October 17-31 ...........................

December 1-11.. ........................

March... . ...............................

April....................................

May.....................................

June .......'.............................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

105 

112 

45 

272 

420 

213 

54 

257 

392 

355

Minimum.

22 

19 

35 

72 

66 

56 

26 

24 

21 

32

Mean.

37.8 

40.6 

40.9 

125 

128 

94.2 

36.0 

60.6 

138 

73.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.423 

.455 

.458 

1.40 

1.43 

1.05 

.403 

.678 

1.55 

.823

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.51 

.19 

1.61 

1.60 

1.21 

.45 

.78 

1.79 

.92

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

HUDSON RIVER AT NORTH CREEK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At two-span steel highway bridge in village of North Creek, Warren 

County, immediately above mouth of North Creek, which enters from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 804 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 21, 1907, to September 30, 1915. Data also in 

. annual reports of State engineer and surveyor, and State of New York Conservation Commission.-

GAGE. Chain on highway bridge, read twice daily by William Alexander.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge..

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.7 feet at 7 a. m. 

April 13 (discharge, 8,240 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.07 feet at 

8 a. m. and 5 p. m. November 8 (discharge, 174 second-feet).

1907-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 12.0 feet; evening of March 27, 1913 (discharge, 30,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.05 feet at 7.05 a. m. 

September 30, 1913 (discharge, 168 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW: Discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Natural flow affected by storage in Indian Lake and other reservoirs 

in upper Hudson River basin in connection with log driving. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Discharge rating curves well defined; estimates for open water periods 

considered good.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 8

Dec. 28 Jan. 11

OQ

Feb. 12

10

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

».

Feet. 

2.92

o3.45 <>4.44

o3.67

o3.58

o4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

693

301 

1,340

670

506

759

Date.

Mar. 9

24

Apr. 15

15

Made by 

.....do.................. 

E. D. Burchard........

H.W.Fear. ...........

O. W. Hartwell........

«.

Feet. 

»3:03

2.52 

5142

5.40

2.21

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

870

438 

4,920

4,890

279

Discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1^.. ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.........:....

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

2ll...... v .....

22.......?......

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

780

780

780

780

732

685

685

685

685

685

780

732

685

685

685

642

642

642

642

600

642

732

685

642

642

642.

600

600

600

600

560

Nov.

520 520'

520

520

520

520

520

174

314

385

485

485

485

485

560

1,390

2,180

1,600

1,390

1,250

1,180

1,000

780

685

600

600

780

1,120

780

780

Dec.

780

2,010

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,010

1.600

1,060

1,060

1,000

780

642

560

520

301

520

642

600

Jan.

600

560

1,120

2,100

1,840

1,760

1,460

2,540

2,010

1,680

1,340

1,180

1,060

942

642

560

560

520

685

1,760

1,920

1,600

1,320

1,180

1,180

1,000

780

732

670

600

600

Feb.

685

942

1,000

1,060

942

942

885

832

685

685

600

506

418

367

361

418

685

832

759

685

560

485

450

600

2,180

3,810

3,420

3,230

Mar.

3,230

3,050

2,530

1,840

1,480

1,350

1,220

1,100

990

890

890

sun

790

745

700

655

610

570

530

460

460

495

495

495

530

610

790

655

610

610

570

Apr.

460

460

460

460

460

495

460

700

1,160

2,060

5,120

6,600

7,960

6,090

4,890

4,890

6,340

3,420

4,010

2,870

3,610

3,230

1,840

1,760

3,230

2,700

2,870

2.370

2,210

2,210

May.

3,050

3050

4,440

2,210

2,370

3,420

1,550

1,840

3,230

2,530

2,210

1,220

1,280

2,530

3,420

530

495

1,160

610

1,220

460

460

530

446

446

1,910

460

940

425

390

378

June.

745

330

302

286

266

252

1,350

570

446

360

342

460

610

,745

700

530

940

1,040

1,040

1,040

990

1,910

840

745

700

655

610

495

425

404

July.

700

990

840

790

840

1,100

1,100

1,840

4,010

2,700

7,180

2^870

2,210

1,620

1,480

1,380

1,100

1,100

990

1,100

1,100

990

890

840

790

790

790

,790

990

1,100

990

Aug.

890

790

745

790

940

890

790

890

890

890

790

700

610

570

530

530

495

460

495

460

425

990

4,220

4,610

3,610

Q ASA

2,530

1 9W

1,480

1,350

1,220

Sept.

1,100

940

, 790

700

655

655

655

700

745

700

610

610

570

840 7Qo

790 curt

655

610

530

570

700

700

700

655

655

700

«!§6

655

655

NOTE. Discharge determined from two well-denned rating curves, applicable Oct. 1 to Feb. 25, and 

Feb. 26 to Sept. 30. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15 to Feb. 25; estimates based on gage height 

corrected for effect of ice by means of six discharge measurements and climatic data; mean discharge Dec. 

15-27 estimated at 323 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 804 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

May.....................................

July . .................................

August.....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

780 

2,180 

2,180

2,540 

3,810 

3,230 

7,960 

4,440 

1,910 

4,010 

4,220 

1,100

7,960

Minimum.

560 

174

520 

361 

460 

460 

378 

252 

700 

425 

530

174

Mean.

676 

771 

801 

1,180 

1,040 

993 

2,850 

1,590 

671 

1,480 

1,260 

708

1,170

Per 

square 

mile.

0.841 

.959 

.996 

' 1.47 

1.29 

1.24 

3.54 

1.98 

.835 

1.84 

1.57 

.881

1.46

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.07 

1.15 

1.70 

1.34 

1.43 

3.95 

2.28 

.93 

2.12 

1.81 

.98

19.73

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown t>y 

the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge 

and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow. I
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT fHURMAN, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Delaware & Hudson Railroad bridge at Thurman, Warren County, 

about 950 feet below highway bridge on road to Warrensburg, about 2,000 feet 

below Schroon River, and about 13 miles above Sacandaga River, which enters 

from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles.

RECORD^ AVAILABLE. September 1,1907, to September 30,1915. Data also in annual 

reports,of State engineer and surveyor, and State of New York Conservation 

Commission.

GAGE. Chain gage on bridge; read twice daily by S. H. Spencer.

DISCHARGE* MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; likely to shift. Logs occasionally accumulate at control-and around bridge piers.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.40 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 12 (discharge, 11,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.30 feet at 4 

p. m., December 14; and 8 a. m. December 15 (discharge, 440 second-feet).

1907-1915: Maximum stage recorded 12.5 feet during late evening of March 27, 

1913 (determined by leveling from flood marks; approximate discharge, 46,000 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.12 feet at 8.55 a. m. and 6.20 p. m. 

September 30, 1913 (discharge, 290 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage at Indian Lake and by operation of mills on 

Schroon River. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Results fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by the International Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y1., dwrinff the-year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Mar. 23

26

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. <>3.89

o3.24

3.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

644

1,610

1,860

Date.

Apr. 15

Made by 

O. W. Hart well...... .

&

Feet. 

5.28

2.56

Discharge.

J3ec.-ft. 

7,380

810

a Discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. ,107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Tkwrman, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1..... ..............

2. ...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19................... 

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

94

25...................

26...................

27...................

28.

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

1,040 

000 

956 

796 

1,030

'8?4 

861

874

984

835 

928 

848 

822 

835

835 

984 

900 

1,170 

1,140

956 

1,060

1,030

956 

861

1,040

887 

1,010

770 

710 

835

Nov.

770 

822 

914 

848 

698

770 

809 

606

887 

848

674 

650 

928 

900 

606

1,740 

2,840 

2,480 

2,040 

2,040

1,740

Dec.

2,960 

3,080 

2,720

2,260 

1,940 

1,740 

1,460 

1,230

1,040 

796 

900 

639

Mar.

........

,740 

,840 

,740 

,640 

,460 

,460

Apr.

1,380 

1,550 

1,460 

1,460 

1,460

1,560 

1,550 

1,840 

2,720 

3,590

8,100 

11,400 

10,600 

8,790 

7,760

6,170 

6,470 

5,870 

4,710 

4,710

4,420 

6,170 

3,200 

3,460 

5,000

3,860 

2,480 

4,140 

3,860 

4,710

(

May.

3,860 

3,460 

3,590 

2,840 

4,710

4,140 

3,590 

1,840 

3,860 

1,740

1,640 

1,550 

1,550 

1,740 

6,170

1,220 

1,150 

1,380 

1,220 

2,480

1,300 

1,150 

1,020 

2,840 

1,220

1,150 

1,220 

1,150 

1J080 

850 

850

June.

1,740 

905 

680 

680 

645

610 

645 

1,460 

720 

905

680' 

680 

850 

960 

1,020

1,020 

1,220 

1,380 

1,300 

1,300

1,300 

1,080 

1,460 

1,020 

1,020

905 

805 

760 

760 

850

July.

1,380 

1,840 

1,740 

1,550 

1,550

2,040 

2,370 

2,840 

6,170 

5,000

5,290 

5,580 

4,140 

4,420 

3,860

3,330 

' 3 080 

2,600 

2,370 

2,370

2,370 

2,150 

2,260 

2,040 

1,940

2,370 

2,260 

1,740 

1,380 

2,260 

1,940

Aug.

1,590 

1,940 

1,740 

1,940 

2,370

2,010 

1,940

2,040 

2,150 

2,600

2,260 

1,840 

 1,740 

1,460 

1,380

1,300 

1,300 

1,080 

850 

760

805 

1,220 

5,870 

5,580 

5,290

4,420 

3,590 

3,330 

2,600 

2,480 

2,150

Sept.

2,370 

1,640 

1,550 

1,220 

760

1,020 

1,080 

1,380 

1,080 

1,080

1,020 

1,150 

1,080 

1,460 

1,460

1,150 

1,150 

1,080 

1,020 

960

960 

1,150 

1,300 

1,080 

1,300

1,080 

960 

1,150 

1,020 

1 020

NOTE. Discharge determined from two well-defined rating curves applicable as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 

14, and Mar. 26 to Sept. 30. Discharge relation affected by ice from about Nov. 22 to Dec. 2 and Dec. 15 

to Mar. 25,1915; mean discharge estimated as follows: Nov. 22 to Dec. 2,1,450 second-feet; Dec. 15-31, 

675second-feet; Jan. 1-31,1,790 second-feet; Feb. 1-28,1,870 second-feet; Mar. 1-25,2,570 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

v [Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.J

Month.

December.. ...........:.............. 

JfMHiarytTT

March ..

April....................................

May..................................... June . . .

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,170 

2,840 

3,080

11,400 

6,170 

1,740 

6,170 

5,870 

2,370

11,400

Minimum,

710 

606

1,3$) 

850 

610 

1,380 

760 

760

606

Me.an.

923 

1,210 

1,160 

1,790 

1,870 

2,390 

4 480 

2,180 

979 

2,780 

2,310 

1,190

1,940

Per 

square 

mite.

0.595 

.781 

.748 

1.15 

1.21 

1.54 

2.89 

1.41 

.632 

1.79 

1.49 

.768

1.25

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.69

.87 

.86

l!78 

3.22 

1.63 

.70 

2.06 

1.72 

.86

16.98

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&15, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT SPIER FALLS, N,Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Spier Falls dam, Saratoga County, about 11£ miles 

below Saeandaga Eiver, and about 11 miles by road southwest of Glens Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,800 square miles. (Measured on topographic maps.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 7,1912, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation 

Commission.

GAGE. Gurley Simplex water-stage recorder referred to a hook gage inside of weH; 

iaeliaed staff for auxiliary readings. Recorder inspected by H. T. Wakely, chi«f 

op&ator of the power plant.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1,000 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and bowlders, practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, water-stage recorder, 10.50 feet at 8 a. m. April 13 (discharge, 26,600 second-feet); minimum stage 

water-stage recorder, 0.76 foot at 5 a. m. June 16 (discharge, 96 second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum stage, water-stage recorder, 18.59 feet at 12.25 a. m. 

March 28, 1913 (discharge, 89,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.06 foot September 15, 1912 (discharge, 5.7 second-feet; power plant shut down and flow of 

river stored above dam).

WINTEB FLOW. Discharge relation occasionally affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of the Spier Falls power plant (resulting 

in low discharge on Sunday) and by storage in Indian Lake. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Results considered excellent except when discharge relation is affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined; daily discharge determined by averaging 

hourly discharge to compensate for effect of operation of Spier Falls power plant.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Spter Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 22

26

Made by 

C. 8. H6Qoly6T.....^...., ................................................

0. W. Hartwell.... .......................................................

Gag* 

height.

Feet. 

4.63

8.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,930

16,500
HUDSON BIVEB BASIN. 109

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N, Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

i.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6. ........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12......... 

13......... 

14.........

15.........

16.........

17....--...

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27......... 

28.........

29......... 

30......... 

31.........

Oct.

1,580 

1,530

1,320

918

1,490

1,430

1,400

1,360

1,390

1,230

' 1,080

1,380 

1,410 

1,450

1 AOl\

1,390

1,250 

955

1,430

1,560

1,780

1,750

1,830

1,900

1,080

1,530

1,210 

1,270

1,120 

1,130 

1,030

Nov.

1,100 

1,210

998

1*430

J.320

1,270

1,160

490

1,540

1,130

1,140

1,040 

1,110 

1,040

972

2,570

3,800 

4,600

3,560

2,630

2,590

2,480

2,850

2,340

2,110

1,300

2,460 

2,960

3,480 

3,520

Dee.

3,210 

3,220

5,070

6,150

5,290

4,290

3,340

2,970

2,980

2,930

2,620

2,340 

1,490 

1,710

1,710

1,350

1,360 

1,240

963

993

2,000

1,900

1,770

1,770

1,720

1,490

1,000 

2,060

1,440 

1,430 

1,510

Jan.*

1,640 

1,540

1,680

1,530

1,720

2,450

2,480

3,110

6,270

5,340

4,930

4,300 

3,880 

3,600

3,330

3,070

2,740 

3,650

6,100

8,140

8,620

7,990

7,070

6,110

5,540

4,850

4,410 

3,990

3 700 

3,190 

2,540

Feb.

2,830 

2,890

2,880

2,280

2,500

2,510

2,780

3,050

2,780

2,670

2,530

2,310 

2,460 

2,170

2,460

3,960

5,180 

5,060

5,160

4,990

4,460

4,190

3,820

4,320

14,000

17,200

15600 

14,700

Mar.

13,400 

12,000

10,400

8,890

7,820

7,030

6,220

5,670

5,110

4,790

4,160

4,080 

3,910 

3,830

3,880

3,730

3,700 

3,600

3,450

3,370

3,190

3,490

3,230

3,560

4 ion

4,550

4,260 

3,930

4 140 

3,500 

3,120

Apr.

3,130 

324n

3,310

3,010

3,410

3,300

3,740

4,190

6,250

8,810

15,400

23,300 

25,800 

23,200

19,500

16,300

13,900 

12,200

10,800

9,800

9,500

10,000

8,010

6,300

5,930

6,980

4,670 

5,560

6,900 

5,850

May.

5,580 

7,070

6,360

6,480

6,350

5,560

5,750

4,210

3,430

4,490

3,340

3,050 

2,770 

2,990

4,130

3,460

2,930 

2,380

4 150

3,010

3,590

3,030

2,620

3,890

2,820

2,930

3,440 

2,720

3,140 

1,780 

2,020

June.

2,210 

2,090

2,190

1,810

1,300

AR7

1,080

1,910

1,460

1,130

1,310

1,030 

593 

1,410

1,570

1,530

2,300 

2,200

2,100

1,160

2,200

1,940

2,030

2,370

1,730

1,290

551 

1,280

1 390 

1,490

July.

2,440 

6,540

6>410

6,000

5,50Q

5,800

5,480

6,520

12,000

12,080

12,700

13,200 

8,790 

8,510

7 IVt

5,750

4,910 

4,050

4,030

3,260

3,150

3,140

3030

2,770

2,390

3,380

3,340 

4,000

3,400 

3,490 

3,640

Aug.

3' 25ft,

3,190

2,96ftl

5,900

6,180

5,780

5,730

6,470

6,28)

5,480

4,700 

4,100 

3,420

2,720

3,100

2,840 

2,530

2,280

2,370

2,120

2,500

12,100

I? 800

12,400

11,200

9,650 

8,020

6,190 

5,450 

4,670

**

'- *4,040

b*«0

3,350

1%410

1,930

1,560

2,270

2,330

1,690

2,690

2 26ft

'946 

2,110 

2,020

2,050

2,380

2,880 

3,020

1,880

2,450

1,890

2,130 i asn

2,470

2,390

1 K&t

2,440 

2150

2,390 

1,790

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 27, Apr. 18 and 19, estimated. Discharge for other days is mean of 24 hourly 

determinations for each day. 

Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

 (Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.)

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

June......... .- ................ . ...

July....................................

i

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,900 

4,600 

6,150 

8,620 

17,200 

13,400 

25,800 

7,070 

2,370 

13,200 

12,800

4,040

25,800

Minimum.

918 

490 

963 

1,530 

2,170 

3,120 

3,010 

1,780 

467 

2,440 

2,120 

946

467

Mean.

1,380 

2,070 

2,370 

4,180 

5,080 

5,170 

9,410 

3,830 

1,550 

5,700 

5,460 

2,300

4,030

Per 

square 

mile.

0.493 

.739 

.846 

1.49 

1.81 

1.85 

3.36 

1.38 

.561 

2.04 

1.95 

.821

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

.82 

.98 

1.72 

' 1.88 

2.13 

3.75 

1.59 

.63 

2.35 

2.25 

0.92

19.59

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The montMy discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run'off depth in inches shown by 

the table do not represent the natural now from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge 

and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow.
110 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT MECHANICVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the Duncan dam of the West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., in the village, 

1 of Mechanicville, Saratoga County, about 3,700 feet above Anthony Kill, 1£ miles

below Hooaic Biver and about 19 mjles above Mohawk River. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 4,500 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1888 to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual reports of

State engineer and surveyor, and State of New York Conservation Commission. 

GAGE. Recording gage referred to a vertical staff showing depth of Vater over crest

of dam; prior to summer of 1910, vertical staff, read twice a day. 

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge determined from a rating curve based on

coefficients used by United States Geological Survey for dams of ogee section, and

continuous record of the run of wheels in adjoining paper mill. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1888-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 120,000

second-feet at 6 a. m. March 28, 1913.* The plant is occasionally shut down and

the flow of the river stored in the pond, so that the discharge below the plant

becomes practically zero. 

DIVERSIONS. Water diverted above station for Champlain Canal; no correction made

for diversion. 

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of dams above station, which often results

in low discharge on Sunday. * 

COOPERATION. TRecords computed and furnished by R. P. Bloss, engineer, West

Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., for the year 

, ~ ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day .

 l.. .......

2.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

Q

10!. .......

11.........

19

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21...'.....-

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

90.....:...

41

Oct.

1,020

990

1,068

1,020

1,091

1 454

l'863

1,472

1,405

1,115

850

904

1,401

1 %!*>

1,191

887,

1,180

750

,969

1>H4

1,415

1,763 i 113

2,232

1,500

1,415

1,817

1,415

913

924

920

Nov.

925

947

1,070

769

910

906

913

900

910

917

1,200

963

898

1,039

1,097

1,525

»,116

4 727

4,838

4,464

3,420

2,069

4.245

4,003

1 QRA

2,347

1,847

2,786

2,878

4,240

Dec.

4,154

4,374

4,162

5450

6)542

3,935

4,938

2,999

1,884

3,515

3,817

2,846

1,827

2,314

1,273

1,705

1,404

1,404

1,404

flfvt

1,627

2,241

1,835

2,125

1 746

2,634

osn

1,115

1,665

1,998

1,452

Jan.

1,990

2,097

2,521

1,858

1,453

1,727

9,393

6,900

5,365

6,887

6,604

5,754

5,752

5,467

5,788

4 144

5,' 602

12,806

14,710

13,093

U Oi7

10,539

a 011

0 9flfi

8,396

7,435

6,259

5,520

5,378

5,146

3,000

Feb.

4,104

3,646

4,078

3,955

5,141

6,220

6,748

5,639

4,711

5,075

4,367

4,348

4 451

20) 676

17,431

13,028

10,768

10,397

7 Q10

8,668

8,459

7

70C

11,682

00 -IOK

30,973

35,338

20,631

Mar.

19,619

18,944

16,055

14,516

to nee

11,276

10,314

11,273

9,191

8,168

8,217

7,555

7,841

7,806

7,608

7,614

7,219

7

AEQ

6,658

5,732

5,576

6,960

ft OiS

6,803

7,614

8,865

7 791

6)475

7,591

7,003

5,828

Apr.

5,750

6,344

5,323

5,519

5,986

6,193

5,707

6,525

7,089

8,908

27,728

29,727

31,436

28,571

23,429

19,361 10 on?

17,354

15,329

13,607

19 AJ.7

12,666

11 79^1

9,152

8,315

9,928

9 19fi

7,051

«,705

7,784

May.

8,221

9,287

8,744

9,141

7,682

7,671

7,680

5,974

5,201

6,715

5,793

5,368

3,867

4,141

3,893

4,268

4,977

3,901

2,527

5,075

4 SA3

4,755

2,900

4,856

4)760

3,188

3,742

4,765

3,938

2,800

4 Q17

June.

3,222

2,328

2,696

2,204

1,697

815

2,377

1 734

1^433

2,040

2,082

1 710

763 i ass

1,269

1 584

2,' 032

2,955

1 4flO'

2,204

2,215

3,141

3,121

1,752

9 QIC

1,797

963

1,870

1,294

1,198

July.

1,665

5,794

10,508

7,486

6,479

7,628

7,826

20,966

25,429

18,061

15,359

15,602

9,168

S A4O

8,526

7,321

6,431

4,151

7,233

5,342

5,357

5,608

5,074

4,885

3,169

5,592

7,631

7,781

6,916

6,179

5,589

, Aug.

5,026

5,679

5,845

6,219

8,585

10,659

10,902 in 7o«

10,792

10,309

9,144

7 7O7

7 (Utl

5,605

4,663

5,558

5,379

5,127

4,120

2

Qfifl

3

1 Oft

1,982

ft SAf

W QAA.

14,776

14,673

12,843

10,393

8,466

8,417

5,725

Sept.

5 145

5*336

5,375

5,093

2,671

2 11ft

A sni

3,366

3 OS«

3,207

4 447

I

flfift

3 131)

4 777

3,914

A OtO

3,128

3

ary>

3,322

0 O&Q

3,629

4,072

4,226

4,541

3

OAJ2

2,200

4 919

4 tia

3,459

4,073

NOTE. Discharge estimated Oct. 11,18,25, and Nov. 1.

» The highest known flood prior to this time occurred in April, 1869; calculated discharge, 70,000 secondfeet. See Water-Supply Paper 65, p. 51, and report of United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, pt. 1, pp. 377-380.
HUDSON BIVEB BASIN.

li&charge of Hudson River at Meckanicmlle, N. Y.,for the

1915.

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles ]

Ill

Sept. 30,

Month;

.October...... .................................

.TfljilJftry '........ . . . _

March.........................................

April......... .................................

ifinr

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet. ,

Maximum.

2,252 

4,838 

6,542 

14)710 

33,185 

19619 

31,436 

9,287 

3,222 

25,429 

14,944 

5,375

33,185

Minimum.

750 

769 

950 

1,453 

3,646 

5,576 

5,323

1,665 

1,982 

1,806

750

Mean.

1,240 

2,130 

2,590 

6,480 

10500 

9,110 

12,900 

5,340 

1,940 

8,500 

7,880 

3,850

6,010

'Pet 

square 

mile.

0.276 

.473 

.576 

1.44 

2.33 

2.02 

2.87 

1.19 

.431 

1.89 

1.75 

.856

1.34

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on drainage 

area).'

0.32 

.53 

.66 

1.66 

2.43 

2.33 

3.20 

1.37 

.48 

2.18 

2.02 

.96

18.14

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches, shown by 

the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge 

and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over 

from year to year.

CEPAR EIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

vLocATiON. At steel highway bridge, about 2 miles west of Indian Lake village, 

Hamilton County,' 8 miles by river above Rock River, 10 miles by river below 

Cedar River Flow (Wakely dam), and about 12 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 85 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15,1911, to September 30,1915. Data published also in 

annual reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Chain on highway bridge; read once daily, October 1 to June 4, and twice 

daily, June 5 to September 30, by Chauncey Hill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and small bowlders; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 12.2 feet at 9 

a. m. April 12, probably affected by backwater from ice; maximum discharge 

probably represented by gage height 10.1 feet at 9 a. m. May land 1 p. m. May 6 

(approximate discharge, 2,650 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.10 feet 

at 4 p. m. September 27 (approximate discharge, 5 second-feet). , 

1911-1915: Maximum discharge recorded (approximately 3,600 second-feet) at 

a stage of 12.0 feet at 1 p. m April 20. 1914; minimum stage recorded, 2.10 feet 

4 p. m. September 27, 1915 (approximate discharge, 5 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations suspended.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Cedar Lake and Cedar' River Flow; storage 

in Cedar River Flow used principally during the logging season.

ACCURACY. Results for open-water season fair except for months during which extreme fluctuations are caused by logging operations.
112 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. T"., during the year ending

Sept. #>, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 31

Made by 

C.H. Pierce.. ................................................................

O.W. Hartwell. ..............................................................

G2*gU airn 

height.

Feet. 

3.12

2.65

Discharge,

Sec.-ft. 

74

01

Daily discharge in second-feet of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

7..............

g

10..............

11..........*...

19

 10

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

1ft .

19

20..............

91

22 . . .......

23. .............

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

34

30

30

27

27

27

62

100

164

146

146

114

107

100

52

57

62

62

74

100

74

42

42

47

42

52

38T

34

62

52

57

Nov.

52

42

42

62

74

62

52

42

42

27

42

42

42

74

80

1,250

1,250

738

702

702

370

370

248

204

1ftd

204

296

810

1,040

1 ' 040

Dec.

810

634

702

370

226

146

138

130

130

138

107

130

130

204

194

184

184

174

164

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

1,080

668

538

570

668

634

602

602

570

570

508

248

184

130

2,210

114

2,300

146

May.

2,650

130

226

164

130

2,650

100

130

146

114

86

86

74

62

62

52

74

52

52

62

42

52

42

42

42

52

42

42

42

52

34

June.

34

34

34

34

30

9

848

35

33

28

50

74

40

62

74

174

194

138

146

122

62

47

40

50

50

44

50

50

30

vt

July.

194

93

68

122

237

204

146

422

478

422

450

62

44

58

36

' 74

226

155

86

107

62

49

50

, 48

74

62

86

68

284

114

43

Aug.

42

86

39

130

184

226

226

155

68

54

74

54

48

54

37

57

42

40

36

40

44

668

848

634

508

320

155

130

130

114

8Q

Sept.

74°.l

24

20

' 24

27

27

74

Q7

°^

97

27

27

CO

47

00

, 28

9ft

' ' ^R

97

97

97

97

27

27

34

13

27

27

97

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by 

ice Dec. 20 to Apr. 12; discharge not computed. Discharge during April, May, and June may be somewhat 

in error owing to violent fluctuations caused by logging operations. These data supersede those published 

in the 1915 Annual Beport of the New York State engineer and surveyor.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y.t for the yecar ending Sept. 

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 85 square miles.]

Month. '

October.................................

April 18-30..... .........................

May..... ...............................

July....................................

September..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

164 

1,250 

810 

2,300 

2,650 

848 

478 

848 

74

MiniTtinnrc.

27 

27 

107 

114 

34 

9 

36 

36 

13

Mean.

66 

340 

258 

685 

245 

88 

149 

172 

32

Per 

square 

mile.

0.776 

4.00 

3.04 

8.06 

2.88 

1.04 

1.75 

2.02 

.376

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

4.46 

2.15 

5.40 

3.32 

1.16 

2.02 

2.33 

.42

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet pet square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown 

by the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.

INDIAN LAKE EESEEVOIE NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the dam at the outlet of Indian Lake, about 2 miles south of Indian 

Lake .village; Hamilton County, and about 7J miles above the mouth of Indian 

River.

DRAINAGE AHEA. 131 square miles, including about 9.3 square miles of water surface 

of Indian Lake at the elevationNof the spillway of the dam (measured on topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Records of stage and gate openings July 22,1900, to September 

30,1915. Data also1 in annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor, State 

Water Supply Commission, and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Elevation of water surface in reservoir determined by a chain gage at the 

dam; prior to November 17, 1911, a staff gage was used or readings were obtained 

by measuring down from a bench mark; read once daily by Lester Sevarie.

STORAGE DAM. The masonry storage dam was completed in 1899 and replaced a 

lumbering dam at the same site. The spillway is in 5 sections, having a total 

effective length of 88.7 feet, a mean crest elevation of 33.38 feet above reservoir 

gage datum, and 1,650 feet above mean sea level. There are two logways, one 

15 feet wide with bottom at elevation 24.12 feet reservoir gage datum, the other 

14, feet wide with bottom at elevation 32.48 feet reservoir gage datum. The 

discharge at ordinary stages is through one or both of two 5-foot circular sluice 

gates, controlled independently, and taking water from separate wells in the 

gate house.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Discharge over the spillway is determined by means 

of a rating curve based on experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell 

University.1 Rating curves for the sluice gates have been determined from 

current-meter measurements at the gaging station on Indian River three-fourths 

mile below the dam. The results are withheld for further study.

EXTREMES OP STAGE: |

Maximum stage recorded during year, 35.9 feet August 25; minimum stage

recorded, 5.75 feet November 15.

1900-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 38.8 feet March 28, 1913; minimum stage 

recorded, 2.0 feet March 9-18, 1907, and January 3-17, 1910. ,

i See U. S. G'eol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 300, 

-WSP40X 17 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

!, in feet, of Indian Lake Reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y., for ike year 

ending Sept. 80,1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..;...........

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

952

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

16.5

16.2

15.85

15.5

16.15

14.75

14.5

14.25

13.95

13.65

13.35

12.95

12.65

12.4

12.15

11.9

11.65

11.4

11.3

11.15

10.95

10.7

10.45

10.2

a Q>»

9.65

9.4

9.2

9.0

8.8

8.55

Nov.

8.3

8.05

7 8

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.45

6.3

6.15

6.0

5.9

5.75

6.1

6.55

7.1

7.45

7.7

7.95

8.1

A 9

8.35

8.5

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.9

9.15

Dec.

9.3

9.6

10.0 .

«10.3

10.55

10.7

10.85

10.95

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.35

11.4

11.45

11.45

11.5

11.55

11.6

11 45

11.25

11.0

10.85

10.7

10.75 in a

11.0

11.1

11.15

11.3

11.35

11.4

Jan.

11.4

11.3

11.15

10.95

10.85

10.65

10.7

11.1

11 45

11.65

U .O

11.95

12.05

12.25

12.35

12.45

12.55

12.7

12.95

13.45

13.7

14.0

14.35

14.75 id. a

14. O

14.95

W QS

15.0

15.05

15.1

Feb.

15.15

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5

15.6

15.7

15.8

15.85

15.9

15.95

16.0

16.05

16.1

16.25

16.45

16.65

16.85

17.0

17.1

17.2

17.3

17 45

17.6

18.3

18.95

19.45

19.8

Mar.

20.0

20.2

20.4

20.6

20.75

20.85

21.0

21.15

21.25

.21.35

21.40

21.4

21.45

21.5

21.5

21.55

21.6

21.65

21.7

21.75

21.8

21.9

22.0

22.05

22.1

22.2

22.25

22.3

22.35

22.35

22 4

Apr.

22.45

22.5

22.55

22.6

22.7

22.75

22.8

22.9

23.05

23.35

24.15

25.45

26.35

26.95

27.45

27.8

28.25

28.75

29.3

29.7

30.1

30.5

30.7

30.95

31.15

31. 35

31.55

31.7

31.9

32.05

May.

32.3

32.55

32.75

32.95

33.1

33.2

33.3

33.5

33.65

33.75

33.8

33.85

33.9

33.75

33.8

33.85

33.9

33.95

33.95

33.95

34.0

34.0

34.05

34.1

<u in

34.15

34.15

34.15

34.15

34.1

34.1

June.

34.1

34.1

34.05

34.05

34.0

34.0

34.0

33.95

33.95

33.9

33.9

33.95

33.95

33.95

34.0

34.1

34.15

34.2

34.2

34.2

34.15

34.15

34.1

34.1 34 1

34.05

34.05

34.05

34.05

34 1

July.

34.3

34.4

34.45

34.45

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.85

35.3

35.4

35.35

35.3

35.2

35.25

35.2

35.15

35.05

35.0

34.9

34.8

34.7

34.65

34.6

34.55 <U 5

34.45

34.4

34.4

34.5

34 45

34.4 '

Aug.

34.35

34.35

34.3

34.35

34.35

34.4

34.45

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.45

34.45

34.4

34.35

34.35

34.3

34.25

34.25

34.2

34.2

34.5

35.55

35.85

85.9

35.75

35.55

35.4

35.25

35.15

34.95

Sept.

34.85

34.8

34 7

34.7

34.65

34.65

34.6

34.55

34 55

34.5

34.45

34.45

<U A.

 »4 4

34.35

34.3

34.25

34.25 34 2

34.2

34 1

34.0

33 O

33.75

33.55

33.45

33.35

33.25

33.15

33.05

Gate openings, in feet, of Indian Lake Reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y'., for year ending

Sept. 30, 191$.

Date.

Dee. 18-22, inclusive. .........

Sluice

gate A

open.

Feet.

5.0

2.0

Sluice

gateB

open.

Feet.

5.0

5.0

5.0

Date.

Sept. 20-30, inclusive. ........

'

Sluice

gate A

open.

Feet.

5.0

2.5

Sluice

gateB

open.

Feet.

5.0

INDIAN RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About three-quarters of a mile below the dam at the outlet of Indian 

Lake, 1 mile above Big Brook, 2 miles south of Indian Lake village, Hamilton 

Counjty, and 6$ miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 132 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1914; June 5 to September 30,1915; 

also miscellaneous measurements in 1911. Data also in annual reports of State 

engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank in a pool about 150 feet above the orapids which 

form the control; read twice weekly by Lester Sevarie.

DISCHAEGE MBASUKBMBNTS. Made from a cable about 75 feet below the gage, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTBOL. Rough and rocky; practically permanent.

EXTBBMBS OP DISCHABGE. 1912-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.8 feet at 4 p. m. 

March 28, 1913 (discharge approximately 3,460 seconds-feet); practically no flow 

when gates at Indian Lake are closed: <
HUDSOU 'RIVER 115

Wttmtm wxyw.t-HBecauae of the proximity eftheTeservolf discharge relation is not 

seriously .affected by ice.

in Indian Lake. Results not corrected for

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; results excellent except at extreme low 

i staged and on days when changes are made in the outlet gates of the reservoir.

Discharge measurements of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y:, during tite year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

-Bate:

Oct. ar

-Madeby 

G.H. Pierce.... .......

l>

Feel. 

1.72

Dis-

***

Date.

/

Made by beigltt.

Feet. Ins

DisSec.-ft. 

76

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for

ending* Sept. 30? 1915.

!; wDay.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6.. .'........... .

7...............

8.........:.....

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.u. ...........

15...............

Tone.

77

74

77

July.

168

237

AfXt

418

Aug.

212

212

224

 224

122

'Sept.

'287

'**

200

v

189

"" itt

Day.

16...............

17...............

18............... -10

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25..

Ufi

27...............

28.... .

29-u ............

30...............

31...............

June.

86

101

97

f7

158

- July.

418

237

9SH

212

Aug.

113

224

250

250

Sept..

158

402

*>oe

385

NOT&. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve'.

SCHBOON RIVER AT RTVERBANK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Riverbank post office, Warren County, a mile 

-below Tumblehead Falls, 3f miles below outlet of Brant Lake, 9 mile?below 

Schroon Lake, and about 9 miles north of Warrensburg.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 534; square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 2, 1907, to September 30, 1915. Data published 

also in annual reports of State engineer and surveyor, and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Chain on bridge, read twice daily by J. H. Roberts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; smooth and somewhat shifting.,

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.7 feet at 5 p. m. 

April 15 (discharge, 2,260 second-feet) minimum stage recorded, 1.30 feet November 1, 7,10, and 13 (discharge, 99 second-feet).

Mftvimnm stage recorded 1907-1915: 10.7 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge, approximately 13,500 second-fleet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot 

at 5 p. m. October 17,1909 (discharge, 28 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Schroon and Brant lakes.

ACCURACY, rResults good except for winter and periods in which log jams occur.
116 , SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1015.

Date.

Oct. 9

Jan. 12

28

Feb. 11

20

20

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer........ .....do.................

4E.

Feet. 

1.63

<>2.76

o2.88

2.50

2.79

2.62

Discharge.

See.-ft.

184

389

615

540

568

567

Date.

Mar. 25

25

Apr. 16

16

Made by 

.....do.................

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

O. W. Hartwell........

.SB.

Feet. 

2.98

3.00

4.60

4.60

1.S6

Discharge.

See.-/*.

TOR

Ton

2,030

2,010

286

a Discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Schroon River at Riverbarik, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

' Day.

1..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

1 A

17..............

1ft

1Q

20.. . ...........

31..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25... . ..........

26. .............

97

 J8

OQ

30..............

a... ...........

Oct.

230 win

200

18ft

186

172

IQA

186

186

159

172

159

159

146

159

146

146

159

172

159

14ft

159

159

136

159

138

144

134

136

136

Nov.

99

126

110

121

117

131

110

119

117

110

112

110

126

126

186

200

200

200

200

215

215

' 200

230

215

200

200

230

230

OAQ

94ft

Dec.

262

279

351

351

370

314

332 OKI

351

332

314

314

314

296

Jan.

 

332

389

390

410

472

518

590

590 Aid

695

668 ft4n

ft4n

695

fiAfl

Airt

668

615

518

4QK

518

Feb.

518

495

472

472

585

610

610

585

560

535

535

512

490

468

490

535

560

580

585

545

560

535

535

560

1,130

1,210

1,370

1,840

Mar.

2,040

2,150

2,040

1,940

1,840

1,640

1,550

1,370

1,290

1,210

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

990

920

920

800

800

800

800

800

800

TIB

745

745

690

690

Apr.

690

662

690

635

635

662

662

718

800

890

1,130

1,550

1,940

2,040

2,150

2,150

1,940

1,640

1,640

1,550

1,550

1,370

1,370

1,290

1,130

1,210

1,060

1,060

990

990

May.

.990

920

920

920

920

920

800

662

447

468

560

535

560

512

512

468

490

468

468

490

512

490

468

490

468

490

490

468

468

407

316

June.

298

264

298

298

298

316

298

316

298

298

298

316

281

298

298

316

264

264

316

248

316

535

264

388

298

298

264

298

635

369

July.

,1,060

690

800

535

990

1,130

1,210

1,460

1,460

1,640

1,550

1,550

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,370

1,210

860

920

860

860

920

920

920

860

920

860

369

490

662

635

Aug.

610

635

635

635

662

635

635

690

745,

745

745

745

718

635

585

535

490

298

264

264

264

264

351

407

690

800

800

745

718

718

662

Sept.

560

4on

33S

QfiQ

9Qft

OQC

OQfi

QQQ

316

298

316

298

298

316

298

9QS

298

298

298

264

447

560

535

512

4on

447

447

427

4O7

407

NOTE. Discharge determined from two fairly well-defined rating curves, applicable Oct. 1 to Dec. 14 

and Feb. 5 to Sept. 30. Discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21 to 24 and Dec. 15 to Feb. 4. inclusive; 

discharge as given only approximate; mean discharge Dec. 15-31 estimated at 236 second-feet, and Jap. 

1-10 at 219 second-feet.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 117

Monthly discharge of Schrootl River at Riverbarih, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30,1915.

[Drainage area, 534 square miles.]

Month.

November. .............................

Jnwwy

March......

April...................................

Mftv

July....................................

August ...........................:.....

The year..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

695 

1,840 

2,150 

2,150 

990 

635 

1,640 

800 

560

2,150

Minimum.

136 

99

468 

690 

635 

316 

248 

369 

264 

264

99

Mean.

164 

169 

276 

451 

660 

1,160 

1,230 

584 

318 

1,040 

591 

372

584

Per 

square 

mile.

0.307 .317" 

.517 

.844 

1.24 

2.17 

2.30 

1.10 

.596 

1.95 

1.11 

.697

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35 

.35 

.60 

.97 

1.29 

2.50 

2.57 

L27 

.66 

2.25 

1.28 

.78

14.87

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. A.' 

A. 

A. 

A. 

,A.

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown by 

the table do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage; the yearly discharge 

and run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over 

from year to year.

SACANDAGA RIVER NEAR HOPE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 1£ miles below junction of East and West branches, 3$ miles above 

post office at Hope, Hamilton County, 4 miles below Wells, and 12 miles above 

Northville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 494 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1911, to September 30, 1915. Data also in 

. annual reports of State engineer and surveyor and State jof New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Staff in two sections, the lower inclined, the upper vertjical; read twice daily 

by Melvin Willis.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky; practically permanent. \

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.1 feet at 9 a.m. 

April 12 (discharge, 9,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet from 

6 p. m. October 14 to 8 8[. m. October 17 (discharge, 74 seccfnd-feet).

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.0 feet at 5.30 p. m. March 27, 1913 

(discharge, 24,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.17 feet at 7.55 a. m. 

September 20, 1915 (discharge, 20 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results good for open-water season. j 1 ' i

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., fturing the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915. !

Date.

Jan. 20 

20

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer. .......

.....do.................

».

Feet. 

4.62 

4.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,910 

2,820

Date.

June 4

Madeb

E. D. Burcto

7-

^........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.57

Discharge.

8tc.-ft. 

504
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y.t for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3... ...........

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

116

116

111

104

104

96

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

87

81

81

116

175

287

310

287

230. 

190

164

154

147

147

147

144

135

122

Nov.

116

116

116

116

147

154

147

147

147

147

147

182

190

287

465

2,390

l!;680

960

1,010

910

780

660

558

465

525

525

1,010

1,220

910

780

Dee.

865

1,440

1,680

1,330

1,010

1,010

780

740

590

590

525

400

438

454

410

.......

Jan.

'

3,540

2,930

2,080

1,680 

1,560

1,440

1,330

1,110

1,010

910

700

660

600

Feb.

1

i

.......

5,790

4 4ftfi

S

KAfl

2,390

Mar.

1,940

1,680

1,560

1,440

1,330

1,220

1,010

910

910

820

780

740

660

590

590

660

660

590

558

525

495

495 

525

590

74fl

660

660

590

590

590

4>U

Apr.

495

525

495

525

525

525

660

1,160

1,680

3,760

7,530

8,830

5,990

4,990

4,230

4,230

3,990

3,330

2,230

2,230

1,940

2,080 

2,230

1,560

1,160

1,010

865

820

A, 220

1,280

May.

1,680

1,680

1,940

1,680

1,940

1,680

1,330

1,220

1,060

1,010

910

740

820

740

820

865

910

3,540

1,810

1,010

1,110

1,220 

1,010

1,440

1,440

1,330

1,110

830

590

410

360

June.

865

910

740

438

255

242

221

22?

202

190

190

230

221

221

410

400

350

' 301

242

350

301

255 

242

242

221

186

182

182

182

221

July.

2,930

1,680

1,440

1,280

1,660

1,560

1,220

2,560

4,230

2,560

1,940

1,660

1,560

1,440

1,110

910

780

740

700

660

590

495 

438

410

400

465

1.110

700

740

660

590

Aug.

454

421

421

1,060

1,160

960

960

1,110

1,010

910

820

740

660

558

495

525

525

410

370

320

-301

2,560 

5,790

3,780'

3,130

2,230

1,810

1,440

1,160

1,010

910

Sept.

780

660

590

495

454

400

380

365

360

360

350

330

335

400

385

454

421

350

320

310

400

421

400

1 350

301

310

454

400

350

320

\NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affeeted by i<j© 

Dec. 16 to Jan/18 and Jan'. 31 to Feb. 24, discharge estimated from records at other stations as follows: Dec, 

16-31, 290 second-feet, Jan. 1-18,630 second-feet. Feb. 1-24,950 second-feet. These-data superasdBtaose 

published in the 1915 Annual Report of the State engineer and surveyor.

Monthly discharge of Sacandaga River near Hope, JV". Y. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 494 square mites.] -

Month.

November. .............................

January.. . ..............................

February ...............................

March... ................................

April...................................

May^ . .................................

July....................................

September, u . ..........................

TTitf' trftft** - ' '

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

310 

2,390

1 fiSft

3,540

5,790

1,940 

8,830 

3,540 

865 

4,230 

5,790 

780

8,830

JMjTufmtiin.

81 

116

' 454 

495 

360 

' 182 

400 

301 

301

81

Mean.

138 

567 

545 

996 

1.340 

825 

2,370 

1^230 

314 

1,260 

1.230 

407

936

Per 

square 

mile.

0.279 

1.15 . 

1.10 

2.02 

2.71 

1.67 

, 4.80 

2.49 

.636 

2.55 , 2. 49 

.824

1.89

Run-off 

(depth m 

fncfieson 

drainage^ 

area). - ,

0.32 

1.28 

1.37

2.33 

2.82 

1.92 

5.36 

2.87 

.71 

2.94 

2.87 

.92

25.61

Accuracy,

vA, , B.

«3-

JX . p.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

A. -A. 

IB.
HUDSON RIVER BASIKT. 119

SACANDAQA RIVER AT HADLBY, ft. Y.

;

LOCATION. About half a mile west of railroad station at Hadley, Saratoga County, 

mile above mouth of river, and 4£ miles below site of proposed storage 4am at 

Conklingsvill*.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,060 square miles (measured on topographic maps).-

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1911, to September 30, 1915; September 13, 1907, 

to December 31, 1910, at upper bridge station; September 24, 1909 ,j to midsummer 

of 1911, at lower bridge station. Data also in annual reports of State e*ngineer 

and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAOK. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder referred to datum by a hook gage 

inside the well; vertical staff gage for auxiliary, readings. Recorder inspected 

by J. F. Kelley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 30 feet above gage or by wading 

about three-fourths mile above gage.

EXTREMES OF WSCHAROE. Maximum stage during year, from water«stage recorder, 

8.2 feet from 4 to 8 p. m. April 13 (discharge, 11,300 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 2.57 feet at 10 a. m. October 11 (discharge, 165 secondfeet).

1911-1915; Maximum stage > from water-stage recorder, 12.36 feel from 11 a. m. 

to 12 m. March'28, 1913 (discharge, approximately 35, 500 second-feet); minimum 

stage, from water-stage recorder, 2.26 feet all day September IS, 1913 (discharge 

61 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY.^ Results good.

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga Riiter at Hadley, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by C. S. De Golyer.]

Date.

Oct. 8 ..........................

height.

'Feet. 

2.64

05.18

Discharge.,

Sec.-jt. 

200

48*

. ' Date.

13 .........................

A.

Feet. 

06.32

Dis- 

«harge.

Sec.-ft.

1^720

a Discharge relation aftected by ice.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1.............

5..............

6..............

7..-.....--....

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

11

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

oo

24..............

25. .............

26..............

97

90 '

29..............

30...............

31..............

Oct.

227

218

214

210

205

184

197

184

172

168

168

172

176

176

176

180

197

227

ot<7

486

637

594

526

493

461

430

378 iftft

361

355

355

Nov.

350

350

350

344

344

044

350

361

378

383

383

383

378

383

418

Qftfi

2,800

2,370

1,360

938

1,010

1,080

1,020

892

830

821

910

1,270

1,580

1,420

Dec.

1,250

1,290

1,980

2,370

1,980

1,600

1,080

1,060

1 010

996

873

698

601

526

Jan.

1,480

2,710

2,370

2,130

1,900

1,760

1,630

1,500

1,340

1,220

1,630

3,180

4,020

4,480

4,480

4,130

3,580

2,980

2,540

2,210

1,900

1,-600

1,470

1,330

Feb.

i ion

1,180

1,230

1,630

1,710

1,360

1,380

1,380

1,370

1,330

1,270

1,130

1,200

1,190 i 9on

2 oon

3,270

3,370

3 97ft

3,080

2 71ft

2,370

2

nen

2 91ft

4,720

v6,120

6 Qftft

S

QQft

Mar.

6,120

5,330

4,600

3,790

3,270

2,800

2,540

2,210

1,900

1,760

1,640

1,560

1,480

1,460

1,470

1,470

1.440

1,400

1,340

1,320

1,350

1,370

1,410

1,620

2,050

2,290

2,050

2,050

1,900

1.620

1,380

Apr.

1 400

l'400

1,410\

1,410

1,460

1,580

1,760

2,130

3,080

4,360

6,690

9,160

10,900

10,600

8,820

7,280

6,400

5,720

5,080

4,600

4,130

3,680

3,180

2,800

2,370

1,900

1,830

1,540

1,560

1,830

May.

1 Qftfl

2,370

2,460

2,370

2,130

2,050

1,720

1,710

1,700

1,500

1,490

1,320

1,130

1,110

1,090

1,190

1,080

1,270

1,730

1,430

1,460

1,540

1,560

1,430

1,430

1,340

1,280

1,160

l)l20

996

746

June.

660

swn

83f)

754

622

424

407

389

355

334

334

361

366

378

608

630

580

545

532

545

545

486 -467

443

412

395

395

401

519

July.

1,670

3,900

3,900

3,790

3,470

3,580

3,370

3,470

5720

7,130

6,840

5,850

4,840

4,130

3,580

2,710

2,050

1,670

1,410

1,200

1,060

910

821

787

762

778

1,410

1,900

1,700

1,600

1,500

Aug.

1

ORA

1 040

l',010

1,730

3,680

4,020

8,790

4,020

4,240

3,680

2,890

2,290

1,900

1,580

1,460

1,320

1^220

1,130

1 010

847

722

1,290

5,590

6,980

6,980

6,540

5,690

4,480

3,370

2,540

2,050

Sept.

i Qfai

i icft

1,020

OQO

 7QE

TOO

698

698

738

698

630

594

645

976

1 1/¥1

1,360

1,220

1,010

847

804

976

956

847

778

730

778

892

864

70S

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 15 to Jan. S; mean discharge Dec. 15-31, estimated at 428 second-feet; Jan. 1-7,347 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. T.,for the year ending Sept. 30, '' ' 1915.

 [Drainage area, 1,060 square miles.]

Month.

DfiCGin.'bor

April. ...................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

637 

2,800

2 O7ft

4,480 

6,980 

6,120 

10,900 

2,460 

830 

7,130 

6,980 

1,630

10,900

Minimum.

168 

344

1,130 

1,320 

1,400 

746 

334 

762 

722 

594

168

Mean.

297 

'826 

794 

1,940 

2,470 

2,190 

4,000 

1,510 

501 

2,820 

2,910 

915

1,760

Per 

square 

mile.

0.280 

.779 

.749 

1.83 

2.33 

2.07 

3.77 

1.42 

.473 

2.66 

2.75 

.863

1.66

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on drainage 

area).

0.32 

.87 

.86 

2.11 

2.43 

2.39 

4.21 

1.64 

.53 

3,07 

3.17 

.96

22.66

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

WEST BRANCH OF SACANDAOA RIVER AT BLACKBRIDGE, NEAR WELLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Blackbridge, 2 miles above junction of 

east and west branches of Sacandaga River and about 3 miles west of Wells, 

Hamilton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 211 square miles (measured on topographic maps).
HUDSON BIVEB BASIN. 121

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 14, 1911, to September 30, 1915. Date also in annual 

reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New .York Conservation Commission. \

GAGE. Chain on upstream side of bridge, read twice daily by Cornelius De Groff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky; slightly shifting during floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.5 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 4 p. m. April 12 (discharge 3,080 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.45 feet at 8 a. m. and 4 p. m. October 13-15 (discharge, 40 second-feet).

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded 11,5 feet at 4 p. m. March 27, 1913 (discharge, about 29,000 second-feet); minimum sta^e recorded, 2.30 feet September 17 and 21, 1913 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

WINTER-SLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice for short periods.

REGULATION. Flow slightly affected by storage dams used for logging in spring.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, 

N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 14

Dec. 4

Jan. 19to

Made by .

.....do....;... ..........

height.

Feet. 

2.52

4.75

6.03

5.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

43

689

1,610

1,560

Date.

Jan. 21

3

Sept. 4

Made by 

C. S. De Golyer. .......

E. D. Burehaid _ ...

.....do..................

C.C. Covert............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.34

4.02

3.90

3.75

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

1,060

318

293

240

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near 

Wells, N. Y.Jor the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

M

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

10

19..............

20..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26.1............

27..............

28..............

29.:,...........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

50

48

47

48

47

.46

42

43

42

42

44

43

40

40

40

42

60

126

159

159

136

126

95

79

74

68

64

60

56

60

64

Nov.

' 56

56

53

56

64

79

70

74

74

60

68

68

68

159

136-

805

900

550

500

550

325

385

325

290

255

255

385

450

365

365

Dec.

405

660

775

715

605

500

405

365

325

225

225

197

197

171

130

,166

147

126

Jan.

1,580

1 340

1,100

805

775

688

605

525

626

500

365

325

325

Feb.

308

290

255

240

255

290

225

255

225

197

197

171

171

152

450

900

715

605

550

500

450

405

405

450

1,580

1,660

1,420

1,260

Mar.

965

715

660

550

550

500

450

365

428

325

290

255

225

197

107

171

171

166

147 iifi

171

171

171

147

225

240

225

225

197

171

171

Apr.

147

152

126

197

171

211

290

605

1,100

1,580

3,080

2,430

1,580

1,580

1,760

1,580,

1,420

1,180

1

1 QA

1.100

835

775

660

525

460

405

405

578

60$

May.

660

775

660

660

578

550

450

500

450

385

365

325

290

255

240

197

290

835

345

605

835

835

775

688

660

550

550

405

406

152

126

June.

550

290

345

325

111

77

66

44

42

43

56

95

68

62

77

82

111

95

79

100

as

86

82

68

70

62

60

107

104

70

My.

1,260

1,180

775

775

775

1,040

715

1,420

1,660

1,500

775

745

715

632

605

965

405

325

290

255

225

225

197

197

m

226

460

326

290

290

130

Aug.

184

171

143

460

626

460

450

525

600

450

475

405

365

345

775

255

226

197

166

147

130

1,940

1,940

1 760

1,420

1,340

1,180

775

600 SCO

405

Sept.

365

308

272

225

197

197

171

184

197

171

152

130

143

147

111

226

197

184

152

171

197

225

171

169

130

147

197

m

> 197

143

NOTE. Discharge determined from two fairly well defined rating curves applicable Oct. 1 to Mar. 31 

and Apr. 1 to Sept. 30. Discharge relation estimated from records at Hadley as follows: Dec. 19-31,143 

second-feet; Jan. 1-18,307 second-feet.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

<e of West Branch of Sa&tndaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y., 

for the year ending September SO, 1915,

[Drainage area, 211 square miles.]

Month.

tetetou.'...,... .........................

November ..............................

January .................................

February. . .............................

March...................................

April..... ...............................

May.....................................

June ....................................

July.....................................

August ..................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet. <

Maximum.

159 

900 

775

1.660 

965 

3,080 

835 

550 

1,660 

1,940 

365

3,080

Minimum.

40 

53

152 

136 

126 

126 

42 

130 

130 

111

40

Mean.

67.4 

262 

264 

483- 

521 

309. 

897 497 ' 

118 

630 

616 

188

404

Per

square 

mile.'

0.319 

1.24 

1.25 

2.29 

2.47 

1.46 

4.25 2.36 ' 

.559 

2.99 

2.92 

.891

1.91

Run-off 

(depth to 

inches on 

drainage 

area);

0.37 

1.38 

1.44 

2.64 

2.57 

1.68 

4.74 

2.72 

.62 

3.45 

3.37 

.99

25.97

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

B.

ft

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

HOOSIC RIVER NEAR EAGLE BRIDGE, N. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Walloomsac River and 1^ miles above Owl Kill and

Eagle, Bridge, Rensselaer County. i 

DBAINAGB AREA. 512 square miles (measured on topographic maps). > 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 13, 1910, to September 30, 1915; September 25, 1903,

to December 31, 1908, at Busfcirk, 4 miles below present station. Data also in

annual-reports, of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation

Commission. > * 

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank; prior to August 17,1914, chain gage 400 feet above

present site; temporary, chain gage, May 22.to August 16,, 1914. Read twice 

. daily by Mrs. Vashti Russell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage or by wading. 

CHANNELrAND CONTROL. Gzavel; somewhat shifting. 

EXTREME*; OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 13.5 feet at

7.30 a. m. July 9 (approximate discharge, 16,700 second-feet); minimum stage

recorded, 2.48 leet at 7.30 a. m. December 12 (appraximatetdischarge, 35 second- 

, feet)*-

191(M91& Maximum stage not recorded^ as gage used prior to August 17, 1914,

could not he reached .at high stages; minimum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5 p. m.

September 14,1913 (discharge, practically zero). 

WINTER f tow.-^-Discharge relation affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage on Walloomsac River and at Hoosic Falls,

about 2 mites above gage. 

ACCURACY. Results fair. Estimates of low discharge may > be somewhat in error

because of regulation.

o/floosie River ne&r Eagle Bridge, N. Y., durin$,the year ending , Sept. 80,1915.

Date.

Oct.. 4

Jan. 16

19

27

Made by 

i... .do.. ...............

.....do........ .........

Gage 

height..

Feet. 

2.90

3.60

7 let

<>4.40

Discharge.

Sec.jL. 

79

319; " 3,800

- 475

Date.

Jaav 27

Mar; 22

Apr: 20

Made by 

;R. 1C* "Adams. »«....... -tL S.BarDes. '. ...

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.41

4.01

5.04

Discharge.

Secrft.

ftfiA*

433

1,210

Discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON BIVEB BASIK. 123

Daily discharge, in>secotn&fast, :o/ Boosts River mm Eagle BH%*j &,/ Y^/or the year

ending Sept. 30,191$,

Day.

' l... ...........

2..............

3.............. 

4.............. 

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

162

150

130 

69 

120

140

120

QA

111

94

74

140,

140

120

120

120

130

140

162

130

130

120

94

130

130

130

130

94

Nov.

59

Q4

102 

120 itfi'

Q4

66

TUl

140

t«*A

150

-IftO

79

QO

455

1QO

91

150

919

150

919

130

Dec.

173

186

212 

150 

198

' 86

162

. 173

198

Q4

1QO

Jan.

.......

a A.EA

a ohn

705

jtOK

VfK '

' oon

485

458

2 340

3' 880

o'ojm

1,080

740

458

1 300

810

575

545

430

4IY>

325

245

Feb.

810

1,300

1,210 

1,120 

1,000

i onn

1,900

960

670

515

430 '515

ssn

880

C AAA

4,380

1,790

1,160

1,000

sen

845

SIR

, sin

1,300 ft fiifi

4,470

2,340

1 * 900

Mar.

1,590

1,390

1,260 

1,060 

960

845-

845 ooft

705

705

670

670

605

605

670

638

545

« 545

515

485

575

; 575

670

605

670

605

515

Apr.

' 515

515

515 

y 515 

/ 545

705

nan

 J 8A1:

920

'5,410

4,470

,3,200;

2,120

1 790

1,690

1,590

1,300

J

rKA/l

1,160

1,000

ssn

810

70S

705

670

- fl38

a&o

- sift

1,000

May.

COD

960 (

1,000 

775

Sift

74ft

.. 775

775

775

ftQO

515

545

575

545

-! AM

485

545

M-458

485

OKn

430

430;

265

430)

325

- 458

430

, AM.

, 265j

265

June.

 375

rn 285

305 ' 230 

265

 285

91 1%

 172

265

172

> ' 171

., 130

160

. 285r

* 200

,, 230

 200

2651

123

245>

9115"

1 185

200

m.

215

ff: 95

Ififk

;215

245,

July.

430

J1 SLA.1L

1,080 ' 880' 

670

i fill)

545

o eon12.50Q

3,200

1 790 t'-ijan

t'lan

1 " 705

638

KfJR

605 : ' 545

ssn

ITAC

638 i 638

515

375

sin

C080 740J

740- 485'

Aug.

" 458

1 5t5

485

3

OAA

1,490

1,210

, a?*;.'

960

740

< 605

575

605

4SK

«05-

638,

575

375

430

430.

325

1,490

845

1,160

i 

960

. 575

 ASH

f. 60S

57S

Sept.

- '"' 468

-M> 430.

458 

; 325

- 305.

, 402

i $25 t :s5o n*£.

' 100

230

1,040

675

ix 825

..v: 375

373

265

305

305

705

-, 645

430

> 430

305

, oat)

575 i '-. 430

402

Nora. Discfcargwi determined from two fairly well defined rating carves, applicable Oct. 1 to Dea, 14 and Jan. 7 to Sept. 30.. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec, 15 to Jan.>6 awalan. 21 to, Feb. 12, and,prob- abjy during a period to March; estimates Jan. 21 to Feb. 12 approximate; mean discharge Dec; 15 w Jan. 6 derived from power-plant records at Johasonvilte aod'Schagbiiooke aslollaws: £>eo. 4Wa»-l41 Jan. 1-6,215 second-feet.,

Monthly discharge of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge,--N.' y.;/

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 512 square miles.]

. Month.

October.................................

March:.-.....

April....................................

May.;.....

July....................................

August ................................. s*pt*nibw * . v . , .

Thft *«ar -

D

Maximum.

162

455

6,050

8,640

1,590

5,410

1,000-

875

12,500

3,200

1,040

12,500

ischargetos

Minimum.

43

56

430 485-

515

> * 9RH

OK

375

325

160

43

ecoad-feeti

Mean.

119

152

149,

1,020

1,770

751

1,320 ' ' «» ' 

216)

1,350

782

l 421

i 711

-

Per 

square 

mile. -

0.232

.297

? .291;

;, 1.99

3.46

1.47

. 2.58

1.10

.422 2 fil

1.53

 ' .822

1.30

Run-ofl

inches on 

drainagearea).

0.27

.33

« .34

2.29

3.56

1.70

2.88

i '' 1 '91

 47

SLIU

1.76

.92

18.83

* V

Accuracy.

B.

C.

&«u<i.

c.

c. ,

\9i*-'

B.

C.

-."ft- 

!B.

,
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

MOHAWK RIVER AT VISCHER FERRY DAM.a NEW YORK.

LOCATION. At the Vischer Ferry dam of the Barge canal, a mile above Stony Creek 

and Vischer Ferry, about 7 miles below Schenectady and! about 11 miles above 

the mouth.

DRAINAGE ABE A. 3,400 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 24, 1913, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder (showing head on crest of spillway) in a corner of 

the basin near upper end of Barge canal lock; inclined staff at foot of an old bridge 

abutment, about 100 feet above Vischer Ferry, read June 24 to December 16, 

1913, and May 24 to June 2, 1914; staff gage in masonry of outer lock wall just 

above upper gates, read March 30 to May 23,1914; datum of staff gage 12.15 feet 

lower than that of recorder. Recorder inspected by engineers from Albany office 

of U. S. Geol. Survey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below dam at low water. No provision for measurements at medium and high stages. >

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At the ferry, coarse gravel; practically permanent; at the 

dam the control is the crest of the spillway.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.7 feet at 8 a. m. 

July 9 (discharge, 44,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.18 foot from 

4 a. m. to 5 a. m. and 4 p. m. to 6 p. m., October 31 (discharge, 290 second-feet).

. 1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.6 feet just before noon March 28, 1914, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge estimated by New York 

State engineer, 140,000 second-feet); this stage lasted but a few moments and 

was caused by the breaking of an ice jam near Schenectady.

DIVERSIONS. Water was diverted into Erie Canal at temporary lock in north end of 

dam prior to December, 1914. Measurements of this diversion have been made 

at Bridge 48 about a mile downstream and are given in a table, but no allowance 

for this diversion has been made in computing the flow.

Barge canal lock No. 7 at south end of dam was put into operation May 15,1915. 

The following tables of discharge include the flow over the spillway and through 

the lock and water wheels.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of dams upstream.

ACCURACY. Results good for low stages.

Discharge measurements of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam-, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 7

26

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.21

.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

466

904

Discharge measurements o/JEbie Canal at Vischers Ferry (Bridge 48), N. Y., during the, 

period Oct. 1 to Nov. SO, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 7

19

Made by 

.....do..................

£B»

feet. 

1.67

1.61

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

421

327

Date.

Oct. 26

Nov. 25

Made by 

R.M. Adams. .........

Gage 

height.6

Feet. 

1.99

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

418

289

a Published as Mohawk River at Barge Canal Lock 7 in Water-Supply Paper 381. 

b Distance to water surface from reference point on bridge.
HUDSON RIVEE BASIN. 125

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam\ N. Y'.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day. '

1... ......

2. ....^4

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

440

410

440

470

440

440

440

510

510

510

470

410

410

440

Mfi

590

590

590

1,100

1,710

1,050

950

am

onn

900

850

670

800

800

550

350

NOV.

440

410

440

440

550

750

950

710

410

470

1,000

sno

710

850

800

1,100

2,410

2,410

Dec.

1,990

1,280

950

3,520

2,340

2,208

1,460

1,280

1,400

1,220

1,280

1,400

1,460

1,460

1,850

Jan.

1,850

1,780

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

7,000

8,800

7,700

6,800

5,820

5,550

5,820

6,500

5,820

4,830

6,000

18,900

24,600

18,900

12,300

8,000

7,300

7,700

7,300

6,600

6,200

5,820

5,100

4,380

Feb.

4,920

5,190

6,700

5910

5,730

5,910

5,910

7,100

6,700

5,190

5,010

5,100

5,280

6,400

6,500

19,600

18,900

13,500

9,800

8,300

7,700

7,500

7,500

10,800

32,400

34,100

21,700

12,000

Mar.

5,100

5,370

5,370

5,100

4,470

4,020

3,840

4,200

4,290

4,380

6,100

7,600

8,700

7,700

5,820

5,100

4,830

4,380

Apr.

3,840

3,680

3,840

3,680

3,360

«, 470

6,000

7,800

8,800

10,800

16,700

22,400

18,200

13,200

11,000

9,000

7 900

7,700

7,300

7,000

6,400

6,400

6,000

4,470

4,020

4,200

4,740

4,470

4,380

5,910

May.

7,500

8,000

8,000

5,820

4,650

4,560

4,020

4,830

5,010

4,200

3,520

2,130

1,520

3,680

2,020

2,780

2,300

1740

2,590

3,550

2,020

2,440

2,780

3,150

2,670

2,830

2,230

1,880

1,740

2,260

2,160

Tone.

1,770

1,580

1,700

3' 420

3,420

2,670

2,260

1*110

1,060

1,010

1,060

1,110

1,270

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,460

1,280

1,160

1,980

1,280

1,910

1,910

1,990

1,980

1,510

1,520

2,040

2,190

JalT.

8,130

14,900

7,070

5,220

6,080

5,620

3,810

7,020

43,700

22,500

10,200

8,060

10,200

11,300

11,200

5,760

3,010

3,310

3,310

3,900

3,320

3,300

3,330

2,740

2,800

2,740

8780

4,220

3,320

3,350

2,780

Aug.

3,380

3,310

6,540

13500

16,300

9,000

7,530

6390

6,730

6,210

4*640

3^910

3,480

2,550

3,150

9 oan

2,500

2,290

2,200

9,610

27,400

10,800

9,580

8,760

6,460

5,500

4,570

3,900

3,87fr

.ftavfe

'SiiSd

'JHMfr

t Mfr &!BD

1,770

1,800

1,640

1,590

2,510

2,800

2,380

2,380

7,910

6,71Q

4,390

5,450

4,810

3,390

1,850

1,440

2,980

4,260

3,310

2,210

3,040

2,850

3,080

2,690

2,700

NOTE. Discharge October to April is flow over the spillway only; from May to September, discharge in* 

dudes estimated discharge through the lock and water wheels at the lock. Discharge over spillway determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve; mean discharge for November, December, and March estimated. . ,

Monthly discharge of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30,1915.

(Drainage are*a, 3,400 square mfles.|

Month.

c

February March..'.... ... .......

Aprfl....................................

MftV

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,710

24,600 

34,100

22,400 

8,000 

3,420 

43,700 

27,400 

7,910

43,700

Minimum.

350 

410

1,780 

4,920 

3,840 

3,360 

1,520 

1,010 

2,740 

2,200 

" 1,490

350

.Mean.

644 

1,150 

2,400 

6990 

10,400 

5,650 

7,590 

3,500 

1,780 

7,580 

6,620 

3,080

4,750

Per 

square 

mile.

0.189 

\838 

, .706 

2.06 

3.06 

1.66 

2.23 

1.03 

.524 

2.23 

1.95 

.959

1.40

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.22 

.38 

.81 

2.38 

3.19 

1.91 

2.49 

1.19 

.58 

2.57 

2.25 

1.07

19.04

Accuracy.

B.. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

, NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off depth in inches shown by 

the table do not represent the natural Sow from the basin because of artificial regulation and storage; the 

yearly discharge and run-off doubtless represent mofe nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored 

water is held over from year to year*
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

ALPLAU8 KILL NEAR OHABLTON, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about half a mile southwest of Oharlton, Saratoga

County. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 24,9 square miles. (Determined by engineers of State of New

1 York Conservation Commission.)

Ra©®R»8 A-ss.ftiiM.BiB. August 12,1913, to September 30,1915.; Data also in annual 

! "tepouts of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Com- 

 ' ', -Bttiasion.

GA<H5.-**-Gurley printing water-stag© recorder on left bank just above bridge, referred

1 to gage datum by a hook gage inside of well; vertical staff on upstream corner of

' left abutment of the bridge for auxiliary readings. Recorder inspected by E. B.

: Litts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading; original V notch

1 was rated by a number of volumetric measurements.

CHASNEI, AND CONTKOI>. In 1913 a low weir 43.0 feet long was constructed between 

abutments of bridge. Average height of its crest, 2.6 feet above bed of stream. 

'Crest of weir was formed by a steel plate with a rectangular notch 36 inches long 

and 9 inches deep and a V notch in the center of the rectangular notch. Weir 

carried out by ice March 28, 1914, and replaced in August by a lower concrete 

weir of the same form except that the rectangular notch was made only 0.2 foot 

;:d$ep. Weir was damaged by flood July 27, 1915, and completely removed by 

the flood of August 22,1915, which formed a natural control of boulders about 200 

feet downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder, 

15.3 feet at 3.30 a. m. July 27 (discharge not determined); minimum stager, from 

Water-stage recorder, 9.19 feet from 4 p. m. until midnight October 6 (discharge 

0.03 second-foot.

1913-1915: Maximum stage July 27,1915 (see preceding paragraph) {'practically 

no flow August 16-20 and September 5-21,1913.

WINTER ptow. Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge estimated from frequent measurements and climatic data. 

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation is caused during the spring months by the

operation of a grist mill a short distance upstream. 

ACCURACY. Results excellent except for winter months and after weir was destroyed.

Discharge measurements of Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 3

> 31

Jan. 5

 14

23

23

23

30

30

Feb. 12

18

MadebyC.H. Pierce..... ......

H W Fear............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

H. W. Fear... .........

Gage height.

Feet. 

9.88 »9.64»

<>9.64

alO.76

010.13

010.60

oiO.45

»9.96

(lO OQ

A<A At

all.22

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

17.8

.7

.4

16.4

23.8

31.5

31.0

10.1

11.0

9.4

66.4

Date.

Feb. 19

25

27

27

Mar. 12 Apr. 2

23

23

AIIST 1O

Sept. 5

25

Made by 

O. W. HartwelL.......

H. W. Fear. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

&

Feet. 

olfl.67

11.62 in 48

10.60

10.10

o on

O 7R

9.74

9.25

9.81

9.84

Discharge.

8ee.-ft. 

41.9

404

116

114

44 7

20.4

8.7

8.2

6.0

8.6

8.3

o Discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

0f &ftotf*SW*«&*Oharttoi6; JV. 

Sept. 50, J915.

127

\;f»ikeyear&tding

. Day.

1. ......'...

2..........

3.......--.

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9.......... 

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15.......... 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

0.06

.04

.06

.05

.04

.03

.04

.14

.06 

.05

.07

.06

.05

.06

.07 

.16

.73

.41

1.05

3.1

2.4

1.12

.46 '.46

.37

.25

.62

Nov.

0.15

.331

.56

AR

.41

Q9

.41

.73

5.5

1 10

QA

.62

4.5

2.4

3.5

9.4

5.5

4.0

.Dec.

11

18

12

6.7

4.5

2.0

5.5

3.1

4.0

Q 1

2.7

OS

QO

2.4

8.0 

11

7 1 A

10

10

5.0

2.4

2.0

2.0

11

5.5

Feb.

........

447

13ft

115

an

Mar.

fiSt

AH

53

42

go

27

21

OQ

47 

45

48

59

45

53

61

47

34

25

25

37

OQ

O»T

Cf|

70

63

63

28

Oft

25

 > Ifi

20

, Apr.

21

19is

21

21

2704

qi

31

V)

128

117

AO

32

25 

21

10

16

14

12

10

o 7

7 Q

6.7

6,7

7 3

5.5

5.5

14

22

May.

15

20

20

15

12 *

9 4

7.3

9 4

9.4 

6.7

5.0

5.0

5.0 9 4

6.7 

5.0

7 1

10

8 7

A 5

4.5

Q A

6.1

5.0

4.0

O C

4.5

3.6

2.7 2.4

2.4

June.

2.0

2.0

1.72

.67

.56

.51

.85

.85

.79 

.67

.73

98

1.05

TO

.92 

2.4

1.72 1 72

1.45

q i

A A

2.7

1.72

4.0

9. 7

1.72

1.05

.85

.67

1.05

July.

"*.286

78

51

Q|

20

267 

70

q*

25

70

149

44 

2524'

is

12

1*V

11

14

47

, 16

12

42

A'JtJf

Q*

103 ' 44

30

Aug.

22

46

154

421

159

82

70

- 86*

47 

 3S

27

21

<|M

20

1« 

15

 -9 A

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.6

228

257

81

82

,33-

21

21

16

21

21

Sept.

15

12

9.8

8.3

7.3

6.8

7!3

11

8.3 

7.6

5.6

- 4.8

30

430

60

i

8.3

NOTE. Discharge determined from three rating curves applicable as follows: Oct. 1 to July 26, well defined; July 27 to Aug. 21. poorly defined; Aug. 22 to Sept. 30, poorly defined. Discharge relation affected 

by ice D«c. 26 to Feb. 24, mean discharge estimated as follows: Oct. 28 to Nov. 2,0.32 second-feet; NOT. 

4-7,0.1&seeond-feet; No.v 15,2.1 second-feet; Nov. 17-20,13second-feet; Nov.24,2.4second-feet: Dec.26-31, 

fceseeoad-feet; Jan. 1-10,9.2second-feet; Jan. 11-20,95.4seeond-feet; Jan. 21-31, 11 second»feet; Feb. 1-10, 

70 second-feet; Feb. 11-20,88 second-feet; Feb. 21-24,176 second-feet; July 6-8,106 sooood-feet; Sept. 16-30, 

14 second-feet.
128 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PABT I.

Monthly discharge ofAlplaus Kill near CharUon, N. Y., for the year ending 8ept. 9Q?1915. 

[Drainage area, 24.9 square miles.]

Month.

February. . .............................

March...................................

Mfttr

July....................................

TfylO VAA.T

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3.1

18

70 

128 

20 

4.0 

472 

421 

430

472 .

Minimum.

0.03

18 

5.5 

2.4 

.51 

11 

4.6

* *

.03

Mean.

0.437 

3.30 

5.66 

37.8 

109 

41.7 

27.0 

7.69 

1.48 

78.1 

. 66.6 

27.8

33.4

Per 

square 

mile.

0.018 

.133 

.227 

1.52 

4.38 

1.67 

1.08 

.309 

.059 

3.14 

2.67 

1.12

1.34

Run-off 

(depth in

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.15 

.26 

1.75 

4.56 

1.92 

1.20 

.36 

.07 

3.62 

3.08 

1.25

18.24

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

D.

,DD.

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN.

EAST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT FISH EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At New York, Ontario & Western Railway bridge at Fish Eddy, Delaware 

County, 5§ miles above confluence of east and west branches of Delaware River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 790 square miles (measured on post route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 19,1912, to September 30,1915. Records were obtained at Hancock, about 4 miles below, October 14, 1902, to December 31, 1912. 

Data also in annual reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff in three sections on piers of railroad bridge. * A high-water section on right abutment of highway bridge 300 feet upstream was used for gage 

heights above 6 feet previous to July, 1913. Read twice daily by John Fininegan.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge 200 feet above railroad 

bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OR DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.8 feet at 3.55 

p. m., January 19 (discharge, approximately 20,800 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.64 feet at 5 p. m. October 12,14, and 15 (discharge, 97 second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum stage 17.4 feet during the afternoon of March 27, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (approximate discharge, 33,500 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 1.64 feet at 5 p. m. October 12,14, and 15, 1914; 

(discharge, 97 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results.fair.

Discharge measurements of East Bnanch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 26

Jan. 14

Feb. 22

June 18

Made by 

R.M.Adams..........

.....do.................

.....do................. 

O.W. Hartwell........

E. D. Burchard. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.82

5.09

4.30 

3.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

399

3,160

2,170 

1,480

491

Date.

July 12

15

Made by 

O.W. Hartwell........

.....do................. 

C.C. Covert.. ..........

J&.

Feet. 

2.70

6.48

5.38 

3.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

534

4,780

2,920 

1,070

Discharge relation affected by ice.
DELA'WABE BlVEB BASIN.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. F, 

far the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..... ..........

2... ...........

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22...........!..

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct

134

124

120

120

115

117

120

110

110

115

108

99

101

07

97

145

OKR

OOO

274

330

292

OOQ

206

173

153

1 IW

T*Q

134

134

i 170

161

Nov.

134 HO1

115

124

127

124

120

122

too

124

19Q

100

145

ooo

456

Q7A

350

119

330

oon

9QO

*>7A

OCA

OQO

330

530

504

412

Dec

434.

4514

4Kfi

434.

391

391

370

4^14

504

A.<&

419

Jan.

,

12,566

8,390

6,570

3,610

1 480

1 4sn

6,000

4,070

3,320

2,790

2

non

5,080

19,000

8 Ann

4,900

3,460

2,920

6,570

3,320

2

7QA

2,550

2,310

Feb.

7.560

5,080

4,070

2,670

3,180

4,230

4,730

2,670

2,310

2,090

2,090

1,870

1,870

1,390

6,380

9 7ftfl

4

'7Of|

3 ISA

3,180

2,920

2 430

2

qin

2

0-ifi

4,560

15,800

8 1 sn

5,620

4,070

Mar.

3,180

2,790

2,430

2,310

2,310

2,200

1,770

1,570

1 480

l',390

i I4n

1,770

1,390

1,260

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,100

1,100

OAR

965

aqn

QOfk

1,100

1 14ft

1,100

QfiS

1,100

1,100

1,180

1,220

Apr.

1,220

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,070

1,100

1,340

1,390

1,480

2,090

12,500

11,300

6,960

4,900

3,910

2,550

1,990

1,890

1,890 i son

1,890

1 690

1,410

1,410

1,320

1 94A

1 240

1,240

1,320

1,320

May.

1,320

1,320

1 240 I'leo

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,320

1 240 I'leo

1,080

1 040

'ofin

oan

850

920

850

710

1,080

1,160

Q9ft

1,000

1,160

1,160

1,000

850

780

745

June.

 710

685

590

560

530

4sn

435

412

390

370

390

i fun

505

458

650

885

590

505

480

EQA

505

480

458

505

435

390

310

310^

330

480

July.

920

1,000

590

435

, 745

920

680

2,430

10,400

5,620

3,320

4,230

3,320

4,730

3,460

3,610

2,430

1,790

2,320

3,610

2,210

1,790

1,600

1,240

1 080

1,000

1,500

1,040

1,500

1,080

920

Aug.

780

745

885

2,100

3,320

2,430

2,100

1,690

1,590

1,320

1,160

1,000

960

850

780

1,000

815

680

620

530

480

3,610

6,760

3,320

4,070

3 isn

2,430

1,990

1,890

1,890

1,798

Sept.

1,410

1,240

1,080

1,000

920

780

780

960

815

710

620

530

560

590

590

505

480

745

815

850

3,050

3,910

2,100

1,690

1,320

1,410

1,590

1,1«0

1 000

920

'

NOTE Discharge determined from three fairly well denned rating curves applicable as follows: Oct. 1 

to Dec. 12, Jan. 7 to Apr 11, and Apr. 12 to Sept 30, Discharge relation apparently affected by ice Dec. 

12 to Jan 6; mean discharge estimated as follows: Dec. 12-21, 310 second-feet; Dec 22-31,362 second-feet; 

Jan. 1-6,276 second-feet. Discharge Jan 29-31 estimated at 2,050 second-feet.

60411° WSP 401 17- -9
ISO

Monthly di

SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PABT I.

of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 790 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April......... ...........................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

ItfftxinmiHT

330 

530 

504 

19,000 

15,800 

3,180 

12,500 

1,320 

1,040 

10.400 

6,760 

3,910

19,000

Minimum.

97 

110

1,390 

930 

Ii070 

710 

310 

435 

480 

480

97

Mean.

157 

242 

369 

3,920 

4,330 

1,480 

2,560 

1,050 

515 

2,300 

1,830 

1,140.

1,640

Per 

square 

mile.

0.199 

.306 

.467 

4.96 

5.48 

1.87 

3.24 

1.33 

.652 

2.91 

2.32 

1.44

2.08

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.23 

.34 

.54 

5.72 

5.71 

2.16 

3.62

3! 36 

2.68 

1.61

28.23

Accuracy.

B. 

B 

B 

C. 

C 

B 

B 

B. 

B 

B. 

B 

B.

. DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS, N. Y

LOCATION. At the toll bridge at Port Jervis, Orange County, 1 mile above Never- - 

sink River and 6 miles below Mongaup River.'

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,250 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 12, 1904, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAOE. Staff gage in two sections; the lower section inclined, about 30 feet downstream from left abutment; the upper section vertical and attached to downsftream end of left abutment; prior to June 20, 1914, a chain gage on the bridge 

was used; gage read twice daily after July 1, 1914, by Mrs. Bella Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.3 feet at 3 p. m. 

February 25 (discharge, 45,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.93 feet 

at 8 a. m. apd 3 p. m. October 13 (discharge, 292 second-feet).

1904-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 16.0 feet at 8 a. m. March 28, 1914 (discharge, 92,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot at 8 a. m. September 22 and 23, 1908 (discharge, 175 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measuremente^of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 29

Apr. 10

Made by 

C.S.DeGolyer.. .:....

E. D. Burchard........

,»,

Feet. 

1.19

3.62

2.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

447

d oon

1,650

Date.

July 13

14

Made by 

....do.................

3B.

Feet. 

5.17

i on

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10 700

9*45(1
DELAWAKE EIVEE BASIN. 131

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .......

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14.'.......

15........

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........

31........

Oct.

442

422

403

396

378

354

Vu\

490

AAf)

m

378

342

292

324

354

403

660

880

880

oon

935

935

935

732

RiA

585

490

483

455

436

449

Nov.

429

416

403

442

442

429

416

410

378

' 366

448

455

442

436

469

651

830

1,180

1,310

1,110

oon

830

830

830

780

685

780

935

935

1,530

Dec.

1,380

1,180

1,110

1,180

i 94n

i ojin

i 9dn

1,530

2,640

2,430

2,040

1,860

1,530

Jan.

32,000

16,800

11,200

7,890

6,810

17,400

18,000

12,600

9,870

8,660

9 »7n

31,200

38,100

21,200

13,500

10,700

10,300

12,100

Q nfin

7,520

6,810

6,140

d fidn

3 Ron

Fab.

3,830

14,600

11,600

9 nan

7 son

7,160

8,270

9,460

7,520

5,210

4,640

4.360

4,090

5,210

7,520

35,800

22,500

 to flAA

8,660

7 son

7,890.

7,520

7 160

9 nfin

41,200

33,500

20,500

13,500

Mar.

11,600

.11,600

8,270

7,520

5,510

5,820

5,210

4,640

4,360

3,830

3,830

3,580

5,820

3,110

3,110

3,110

2,890

2 Ron

2,480

2 oon

2 oon

2 oon

2,480

9 4Sn

2 (ton

3,110

3,340

3 340

3',HO

2,890

2,680

Apr.

2,480

2,480

2,480

2,290

2,290

2,290

3,110

3,580

4,090

4,360

11,200

26,800

19,800

13,500

10,700

8,660

7,890

6,810

5,820

5,210

4,920

4,360

4,360

4,360

4,090

3,830

3,580

3,340

3,340

5,210

May.

4,640

4,360

4,360

4,090

4,360

4,090

4,090

4 nan

3,830

4,090

3,580

3,340

4 920 3' no

2 QOA

2 son

2,890

3,110

2 SQft

9 fisn

2 fiSft

4,360

6,470

6,140

5,210

d Rdn

4,640

4 640

4*090

3,580

3,340

June.

2,890

2,680

2,480

2,200

2,100

1,920

1,750

1,590

2,100

1,590

1,590

1,370

1,300

1,300 i tjdn

1,920

1,840

2,680

2,100

2 inn

1 840

1*670

1,670

1,750

1,750

2,680

1,440

1 300

1*170

1,050

July.

1,750

2,480

3,580

3,340

3,110

3,830

3,580

2,480

33,500

23,200

12,100

8,270

10,300

9,460

9,870

6,810

5,820

6,140

4,920

4 ifin

5,820

4,360

3,£30

3,830

3,340

3,340

3,830

3,580

3,340

3,580

2 son

Aug.

2,480

2,480

2,680

4,920

14,600

10,300

8,270

6,810

7,520

6,140

5,510

4,920

4 ifin

3,830

3,340

3,580

3,340

3 340

2)680

2,480

S oon

2,680

12,100

10,700

8 97ft

9,060

6,140

5,210

5,210

5,510

8 1 an

Sept.

4,920

4,090

3,830

3.340

3,110

2,890

2,680

2,890

2,890

2,890

2,890

2,290 *> inn

2,290

2 inn

2,290

2,200

2,100

5,510

2,890

4 640

8,270

,7,160

5,210

4,090

3,830

3,340

3,830

3,340

2,890

NOTE. Discharge determined from two weD-deflned rating curves applicable Oct. 1 to Dec. 13 and 

Jan. 8 to Sept. 30. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Jan. 7; discharge estimated as follows: 

Dec. 14-31,1,410 second-feet; Jan. 1-7,1,290 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915r t

[Drainage area, 3,250 square miles.]

Month.

March..................................

April....................................

May

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

990 

1,530 

2,640

38,100

41,200 

11.600 

26,800 

6,470 

2,890 

33,500 

14,600 

8,270

41,200

Minimum.

292 

366

3,580 

2,290 

2,290 

2,680 

1,050 

1,750 

2,290 

2,100

292

Mean.

538 

686 

1,480 

10,800 

12,100 

4.260 

6,240 

4,000 

1,§40 

6,470 

5,710 

3,580

4,760

Per 

square 

mile.

0.166 

.211 

.455 

3.32 

3.72 

1.31 

1.92 

1.23 

.566 

1.99 

1.76 

1.10

1.46

. Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19 

.24 

.52 

3.83 

a 87 

1.51 

2.14 

1.42 

.63 

2.29 

2.03 

1.23

19.90

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.
132 SUBPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

; DELAWARE RIVER AT RIEGELSVILLE, N. J.

LOCATION. At the toll suspension bridge between Riegelsville, Warren County,

N. J., and Riegelsville, Pa., 600 feet above Musconetcong^iver and 9 miles below

Lehigh River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,430 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 3, 1906, to September 30,1915. 

GAGE. Staff in three sections installed November 14, 1914, on left bank at upstream

side of bridge; lower section inclined, middle and upper sections vertical; prior

to November 14, 1914, chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; gage read

twice a day, to quarter-tenths, by J. H. Deemer. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Large bowlders; practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.6 feet at 8 a. m.

February 26 (discharge, 86,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.78 feet

at 8 a. m. November 6 (discharge, 1,170 second-feet). 

1906-1915: Maximum stage l recorded, 25.0 feet March 28, 1913 (approximate

discharge, 144,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.78 feet November 6,

1914 (discharge 1,170 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice. 

DIVERSIONS. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal diverts 200 to 300

second-feet from Lehigh River near its mouth from about the last of March to the

middle of December each year. 

ACCURACY. Results good.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Stevens: November 17, 

1914: Gage height, 2.93 feet; discharge, 3,170 second-feet. Canal was measured 

November 16, 1914, and discharge found to be 214 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware Rwer at Riegelsville, N. J., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3....... 

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9....... 10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22...

23.......

94

25.......

26.......

27.......

28....... 

29....... 

30....... 

31.......

Oct.

1,500

1,500

1,500 

1,420

1,350

l',500

1,420

1,420

1,500

1,660

1,500

1,420

1,500

1,420

1,280

1,580

2,100

2,200

2,400

2,700

2,400

2

AC\f\'

2,200

2,010

2,100

1,920

1,830

1,580 

1,420 

1,580 

1,500

Nov.

1,280

1,420

1,350 

1,420

1,280

1,200

1,350

1,280

1,350

1,420

1,420

1,280

1,280

1,420

1;280

2,500

3,380

2,810

2,810

2,810

3,380

2

OAf\

2,200

2,010

1,920

1,660

1,920

2,010 

2,100 

2,200

Dec.

2,600

2,600

2,400 

2,400

2,400

2,200

2,600

5,650

5,650

6,560

5,650

5,080

4,530

5,360

3,750

3,380

3,260

3,380

3,140

3,500

4,000

4,530

3,260

3 14ft

3

rt*>A

2,810

2,600

2,700 

2,810 

3,500 

3,500

Jan.

3,260

3,030

2,700 

2,810

2,810

2,810

33,900

36,900

91 AAA

16,300

15,800

56,700

51,100

34,500

25,600

20,700

22,600

jio -lAn

68,200

48 4nn

32, 100

24,500 QQ nrui

21,100

20,200

17,500

15.400 

13,500 

10,200 

8,160

Feb.

15,000

33,300

36,900 

21,600

18,800

23,000 90 Qfift

26, 100

19,700

14,600

12,400

12,400

13,900

13, 100

14,600

33,300

47 000

29,300

22,600

18,800

17,100

1C Qf\f\

IK Af\(\

17 5ftft

flO Af)f\

78,600

54,600

33,900

Mar.

25,600

21,600

18,800 

15,400

iq onrt

12,700

19 7ftn

19 ftftft

10,900

10,200

9,500

9 Kftn

8 $29 ft

8

1fiA 

8 1ftA

7,830

7,830

7 190

6,870

6,560

6,250

6,560

ft Offrt

ft OKA

5,950

6,250

6,250

6,870 

6,560 

5,950 

5,950

Apr.

5,650

5,360

5,360 

5,080

5,950

5,650

5 950

6^870

7,190

7,190

8,820

30,400

qc 7ftfl

25,000

18,800

15,400

1Q KJlft

11,600

10,500

o Kfln

9,160

S

AQfl

8

1&A

ft IftA

8 1fiA

7,510

7,190

7,510 

6,870 

7,190

May.

8,820

8,160

7,830 

7,510

7,830

8,160

7,830

7,510

7,190

7 1 on

6,870

6,250

6,560

6,560

5,950

5,360

5,650

5,360

5,650

5,360

5,080

7,510

12,400

19 Oflft

11,600

10,900

9,500

9,160 

8,490 

7,830 

7,190

June.

6,250

5,950

5,650 

5,360

5,080

4,800

4,530

4,260

4,000

3,750

3,500

3,500

3 7Kfl

4,000

3,500

4,530

4,000

4,530

4 RAA

4,260

4,260

4,000

3,750

3

7KA

3,500

3,500

3,380

3,030 

2,920 

2,700

July.

2,700

2,810

5,650 

6,560

6,870

6,250

5 a*in

5,360

5,360

35,700

19,300

12,700

10,200 19 7fin

12,700

11,600

Q QOfl

7,510

7,830

7 190

6,870

7,510

6,560

6,650

5,360

6,080

6,080

6,650 

5,650 

5,080 

5,080

Aug.

4,800

5,950

6,870 

11,600

on 7nn

25,600

19,300

17,500

16,700

IE Ann

12,400

12,000

10,500

9,500

8,820

8,490

7,510

6,560

5,950

5,650

8,820

18,000

94 IWt

17,100

13,500

12,400

10,200 

9,500 

10,500 

11,200

Sept.

10,500

9 ifin

7,830 7 ion

6,250

5,950

ft OKA

5,950

5,950

ft OKft

5,360

5,080

4,530

4,260

4,260

4,260

4,000 4 nnn

4,800

5,360

8,820

9,500

13,900

9 840

7,510

6,560

6,250

5,650 

5,650 

5,080

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

i It has been estimated that the flood of Oct. 10-11,1903, reached a stage of 41.5 feet, corresponding to a 

discharge of 275,000 second-feet. *
DELAWARE EIVEE BASI&. 133

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at ftiegelsville, N: J., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 6,430 square miles.]

Month.

Oct ober .................................

November. . .............................

January. ................................

February ...............................

March. ..................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,700 

3,380 

6,560 

68,200 

78,600 

25,600 

35,700 

12,400 

6,250 

35,700 

25,600 

13,900

78,600

Trfititniqm1,280 

1,200 

2,200 

2,700 

12,400 

5,950 

5,080 

5,080 

2,700 

2,700 

4,800 

4,000

1,200

, 

Mean.

* 1,740 

1,870 

3,610 

23,300 

26.800 

9,780 

10,600 

7,720 

4,160 

8,300 

12,200 

6,530

9,620

Per 

square 

mile.

0.309 

.330 

.574 

3.62 

4.17 

1.55 

1.68 

1.24 

.686 

1.33 

1.93 

- 1.05

1.53

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.36 

.37 

.66 

4.17 

4.34 

1.79 i:87

1.43

.77 

1.53 

2.22 

1.17

20.68

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

AV 

A. 

A.

NOTE. To allow for water diverted by the canal 250 second-feet was added to the computed mean discharge, Oct. 1 to Dec. 10 and Mar. 8 to Sept. 30, before computing discharge per square mile; first three 

columns of table therefore indicate actual quantity of water in the river; the two remaining columns represent the total run-off from drainage ares above Riegelsville, including the discharge of the canal.

BEAVER KILL AT COOKS FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge in Cooks Falls, Delaware County.

DBAINAGE AREA. 236 square miles (measured on post route and topographic maps.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1913, to September 30, 1915. Data also in annual 

report of State engineer and surveyor.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, bolted to rock on left bank under the bridge. 

Read twice daily by J. L. Eosa.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel, boulders, and solid ledge; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 8 a. m. 

February 25 (discharge, approximately 6,240 second-feet); minimum' stage 

recorded, 0.8 foot from 5 p. m. October 9 to 8 a. m. October 15 (discharge, 3,9 

second-feet).

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.9 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1914 (discharge, approximately 7,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot at 

5 p. m. September 19 and from 5 p. m. October 9 to 8 a. m. October 15, 1914 

(discharge, 39 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation occasionally affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., during the year 'ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 23

Mar. 12

13

Apr. 10

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

O. W. Hartwell........

&

Feet. 

3.15

1 95

2.01

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

717

260

328

714

Date.

July 15

Sept., 28

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

O.W. Hartwell........

C.C. Covert............

&.

Feet. 

1.41

, 2.88

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

. iss

624

486
134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.... ..1. ......

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

55

49

49

49

49

49

44

43

40

39

39

39

39

39

39

140

136

125

170

182

125

90

104

61

61

55

55

49

49

51

55

Nov.

51

55

49

4Q

49

49

49

49

61

59

4O

47

44

44

59

339

355

490

438

235

170

14ft

118

94

125

125

182

208

182

182

Dec.

195

208

208

195

182

J70

158

147

94O

263

208

182

182

147

14ft

Jan.

4,350

1,940

1,090

fifWl

355

421

2,090

1 i^fl

OTfl

780

780

2,560

5 640

2,720'

1,660

1 090

1,270

1,520

1,270

1,040

830

645

565

455

421

Feb.

1,660

1,390

980

880

780

930

880

735

A4A

565

/ion

455

930

455

2,720

2,320

1,460

880

605

645

645

690

735

3,050

4,980

2,480

1,590

1,330

Mar.

930

« 830

645

565

525

490

455

404

355

355

339

308

 278

323

293

293

235

208

235

235

235

235

263

293

371

355

293

308

323

323

323

Apr.

263

235

208

222

208

235

387

387

490

830

3,670

2,880

1,800

1,210

1,040

880

735

735

645

605

525

490

490

490

490

455

387

355

490

645

May.

525

490

455

455

455

490

438

735

605

490

455

421

387

355

355

355

421

371

404

371

293

735

565

455

421

404

355

323

293

308

293

June.

293

293

263

235

208

208

182

182

158

136

147

182

158

147

147

323

208

170

170

182

147

136

154

140

118

114

98

140

110

110

July.

278

293

263

208

263

263

208

1,210

2,400

1^090

830

735

930

1,090

645

490

645

525

404

1,520

735

605

490

455

387

. 355

735

490

735

455

355

Aug.

371

355

387

930

490

455

565

490

455

387

355

323

323

293

293

355

278

249

208

182

182

4 050

2,640

1,330

1,800

1,150

880

735

645

645

645

Sept.

525

455

387

355

323

323

339

525

387

323

293

263

235

263

263

235

182

182

421

371

2,480

1,800

980

735

645

645

735

525

438

404

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 16 to Jan. 6; discharge estimated from record of flow of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy as 

follows: Dec. 16-31,156 second-feet; Jan. 1-6,84 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 236 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

liaximum.

182 

490

5,640

4,980 

930 

3,670 

735 

323 

2,400 

4,050 

2,480

5,640

HffniTTlTlTTl,

39

44

455 

208 

208 

293 

98 

208 

182 

182

39

Mean.

70.0 

138 

172 

1,190 

1,280 

375 

749 

435 

175 

648 , 

724 

535

536

Per 

square 

mile.

0.296 

, .585 

.729 

5.04 

5.42 

1.59 

3.17 

1.84 

.742 

2.74 

3.07 

2.27

2.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

.65 

.84 

5.81 

5.64 

1.83 

3.54 

2.12 

.83 

3.16 

3.54 

2.53

30.83

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.
DELAWAEE EIVEE BASIN. 135

"WEST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT HALE EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge 400 feet west of the Erie Railroad station in the

village of Hale Eddy, Delaware County, 8 miles below power dam of the Deposit

Electric Co., and Similes above junction with East Branch of Delaware River. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 611 square miles (measured on post route map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 15, 1912, to September 30, 1915. Records were

obtained at Hancock, about 6 miles below, from October 15, 1902, to December

31, 1912. ( Data also in annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor and

State of New York Conservation Commission. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in four sections attached to rocks near right abutment and to

the abutment. Read twice daily by William Seeley. 

^ DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND coNTRpL. Ooarse gravel and bowlders. Control is about three-fourths

mile below the gage and is practically permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.9 feet at 8 p. m.

July 8 (discharge, 20,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet at 5 p. m.

November 6 and 9 (discharge, 53 second-feet). 

1912-1915: Maximum stage recorded," 15.3 feet at 5 p. m. March 27, 1913;

(discharge, approximately 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot

at 6 p. m. September 21, 1913 (discharge, 34 second-feet). 

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Results good. %

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., during 

the yew ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 30

Jan. 13

Made by .

R. M.Adams..........

.....do..................

JSZ

Feet. 

1.63

66.20

5.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

84

. 339

2,340

Date.

Feb. 22

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.- 

3.89

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,260

212

a The observer states that on Oct. 10,1893, the water rose to an elevation indicated by a nail in a tree near 

the gage. This nail is at gage height 20.3 feet. No data available indicating whether present rating table 

is applicable to this gage height.

6 Discharge relation affected by ice.
136 STIEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

1*>

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

1ft

10

20..............

91

22..............

tyy

24..............

oe

OA

*>7

9&

9O

Qrt

31..............

Oct.

QQ

81

81

76

70

70

70

76

66

76

70

70

66

66

70

76

152

126

138

138

165

138

115

96

96

96

115

88

106

76 '70

Nov.

76

76

70

81

61

66

70

70

70

106

88

88

88

70

96

152

200

152

165

165

138

280

Dec.

220

260

260

220

209

152

182

165

152

165

165

138

96

Jan.

4,420

2,810

1,90Q

1,280

1,140

2,240

1,820

1,280

1,140

1,000

2,710

7,460

4,680

3,120

1,980

1,660

2,420

1,740

1,580

1,280

1,140

760

640

470

Feb.

1,580

2,330

1,580

1,140

1,140

1,280

2,420

1,420

1,070

880

820

940

1,210

1,420

4,810

5,820

2,420

O flMA

1,580

1,350

1 280

l'280

1,420

3,010

6,770

3,920

3,120

2,060

Mar.

1,900

1,740

1,350

1,000

880

1,070

1,000

880

760

640

640

580

498

525

498

470

445

one

348

420

QOK

420

445

640

700

1,140

880

760

760

700

640

Apr.

552

525

498

470

420

552

880

940

1,000

1,420

4,040

4,950

3,450

2,510

1,900

1,980

1,420

1,280

1,140

1,000

880

760

760

700

700

640

552

525

700

610

May.

700

760

760

700

760

760

640

760

880

760

640

610

552

525

470

420

445

470

420

370

348

610

580

470

470

498

580

525

420

370

325

June.

325

280

240

240

220

138

165

165

126

138

152

138

96

126

126

138

126

115

126

165

182

138

182

152

182

152

96

115

115

138

July.

1,070

940

1,280

1,000

1,000

820

640

6,130

11,400

4,810

3,010

3,920

3,010

3,560

2,420

1,740

1,980

1,740

1,280

1,420

1>140

940

1,420

1,140

880

760

940 760

760

760,

610

Aug.

640

700

1,420

3,920

2,420

2,420

2,060

1,740

1,500

1,420

1,140

1,000

940

760

760

fi4n

760

525

445

395

Q48

640

1,580

1 '880 000

760

760

552

525

610

640

Sept. (

498

445

370

325

280

280

260

260

260

260

260

200

260

348

302

OQA

200

165 i7n

200

302

325

348

325

200

200

325

348

240

200

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Nov. 22-29 and Dec. 14 to Jan. 6; discharge estimated as follows: Nov. 22-29, 170 second-feet; Dec.14-22, 

107 second-feet; Dec. 23-31, 298 second-feet; Jan. 1-7, 970 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 80,1915.

[Drainage area, 611 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

The year............ ..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

165

6,770 

1,900 

4,950 

880 

325 

11,400 

3,920 

498

11,400

Minimum.

66 

61

820 

348 

420 

325 

96 

610 

348 

165

61

Mean.

93.1 

126 

194 

1,850 

2,150 

759 

1,260 

568 

160 

2,040 

1,100 

288

877

Per 

square 

mile.

0.152 

.207 

.318 

3.03 

3.52 

1.24 

2.06 

.930 

.262 

3.34 

1.80 

.471

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.18 

.23 

.37 

3.49 

3.66 

1.43 

2.30 

1.07 

.29 

3.85 

2.08 

.53

19.48

A ecu 

racy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. , B. 

A. 

A. 

A.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 137

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN.

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT.CONKLIN, N.Y.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge just below Conklin, Broome County, 5 miles 

below Big Snake Creek, and 8 miles above Chenango River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 13, 1912, to September 30, 1915. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton, 8 miles below, July 31, 1901, to December 31, 1912.' 

Data also in annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission. » GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank installed October 4, 1914; prior to 

that date, staff in two sections the lower section inclined, the upper vertical 

attached to left abutment. Recorder inspected by Mrs. Cora Ames.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and bowlders.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

16.15 feet at 12 o'clock midnight, July 8 (discharge, 40,500 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 1.88 feet at 5 p. m., October 11 (discharge, 

200 second-feet).

1901-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 19.74 feet at the former station in 

Binghamton, at 7.40 a. m. March 2, 1902 (discharge, approximately 62,500 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.32 feet at 8.20 a. m. and 4 p. m. September 16,1913 (discharge, 106 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results gqod.

Discharge measurements of Susquehanna River at Gonklin, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,19J5.

Date.

Nov. 2

Dec. 23

Jan. 11

Made by 

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

2.35

2.21

«2.94

,«5.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

523

36S

654

4,730

Date.

Feb. 4

20

Mar. 11

June 25

Made by 

R.M.Adams.... .....

,... .do.. ...............

.....do.................

Cage 

height.

Feet. 

«6.33

6.10

4.55

3.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,170

5,360

2,850

935

a Discharge relation affected by ice.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y'., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

551

572

440

422

422

395

385

385

375

370

345

350

355

335

325

365

385

355

458

470

586

656

551

452

440

440

422

390

370

395

375

Nov.

360

375

395

370

375

350

355

330

350

365

360

370

375

375

375

452

551

764

826

740

677

579

614

565

572

600

649

874

1,130

1,040

Dec.

890

890

1,020

1,110

1,040

962

922

842

858

882

874

866

761

906

733

Jan.

5,060

3,770

7,100

5,720

4,840

4,140

,3,420

6,400

15,800

18,700

Feb.

3,330

6,400

5,390

3,950

2,910

2,830

3,160

3,500

2,830

2,440

2,210

2,140

2,360

3,160

9,740

21,100

17,700

11,000

7,100

5,390

4,740

4,430

4,740

11,000

24,400

21,800

12,800

8,520

Mar.

7,330

6,860

5,380

4,640

4,140

3,860

3,770

3,500

3,420

2,990

2.830

2,590

2,360

2,210

2,210

2,210

2,140

2,000

1,880

1,810

1,810

1,880

1,880

2,070

2,510

3,330

4,040

3,080

2,670

2,670

2,360

Apr.

2,210

2,070

2,000

2,000

1,880

2,000

2,510

3,420

3,950

5,060

7,560

12,100

10,500

7,800

5,940

5,060

4,430

3,680

3,420

3,080

2,830

2,510

2,360

2,280

2,140

2,000

1,880

1,810

2,OjOO

2,510

May.

2,750

2,670

2,750

2,510

2,590

2,510

2,360

2,360

2,440

2,510

2,140

1,880

1,690

1,570

1,630

1,520

1,460

1,350

1,520

1,460

1,350

1,570

1,750

1,750

1,520

1,520

1,690

1,630

1,460

1,260

1,100

Tune.

1,040

954

874

796

712

656

677

600

565

565

551

518

488

558

551

,524

558

565

551

600

649

782

1,020

890

874

930

810

740

628

621

July.

1,750

7,560

9,240

6,170

5,170

4,530

4,140

15,800

37,900

30,200

17,400

12,100

13,100

12,300

9,740

7,800

6,860

5,500

4,740

4,430

3,860

3,240

2,990

2,510

2,210

2,140

.2,590

2,510

2,670

2,510

2,140

Aug.

2,280

1,810

9,500

15,200

19,400

13,100

9,000

7,330

6,400

6,400

5,060

4,230

3,860

3,680

3,500

3,770

3,240

2,830

2,590

2,360

2,360

2,360

4,330

4,230

3,330

2,990

2,510

2,140

1,940

2,070

2,210

Sept.

2,000

1,810

1,570

1,310

1,200

1,170

1,100

1,060

1,020

1,160

1,400

1,130

1,200

2,750

5,060

3,590

2,510

2,210

2,440

2,280

1,940

2,070

2,210

1,880

1,570

1,520

1,570

2,000

1,810

1,630

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 16 to Feb. 23; discharge for this period only approximate. No record ofgage height obtained Feb. 

10-13 and Mar. 6-9; discharge estimated. Mean discharge estimated as follows: Dec. 16-31,751 second-feet; 

Jan. 1-10,4,820 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 4,430 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 2,350 square miles.]

Month.

November. .............................

January. . ... ..... ... . . .

March ..................................

April...................................

May.. ..................................

July....................................

The year

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

656 

1,130 

1,110

IQ 7nn

24,400 

7,330 

12,100 

2,750 

1,040 

37,900 

19,400 

5,060

37,900

Minimum.

325 

330

2,140 

1,810 

1,810 

1,100 

488 

1,750 

1,810 

1,020

325

Mean.

424 

537 

825 

5,540 

7,540 

3,110 

3,770 

1,880 

695 

7,930 

5,030 

1,870

3,240

Per 

square 

mile.

0.180 

.229 

.351 

2.36 

3.21 

1.32 

1.60 

.800 

.296 

3,37 

2.14 

.796

1.38

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a 21

.26 

.40 

2.72 

3.34 

1.52 

1.78 

.92 

.33 

3.88 

2.47 

.89

18.72

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
SUSQUEHA^TNA EIVEE BASIN. 139

CHENANGO RIVER NEAR CHENANGO FORKS, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 1$ miles below Tioughnioga River, 2 miles by road below Chenango Forks post office, Broome County, and 11$ miles above Binghamton and 

the mouth.

DKAINAGE AREA. 1,420 square miles. 

See "Diversions."

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 11, 1912, to September 30, 1915. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton July 31, 1901, to December 31, 1911. Data also in 

annual reports of State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation 

Commission.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank installed October 2, 1914; prior to 

that date inclined staff on left bank. Recorder inspected by Erastus Ingraham.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable near gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand, gravel, and small cobblestones; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

12.04 feet at 11 a. m. February 25 (discharge, 27,200 second-feet); minimum 

stage, from water-stage recorder, 2.52 feet at noon November 7 (discharge, 241 

second-feet).

1901-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 12.04 feet at 11 a. m. February 25, 1915 

(discharge 27,200 second-feet), minimum stage recorded, 4.6 feet at the former 

station in Binghamton-at 8 a. m. August 28, 1909 (discharge, 10 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The run-off from 30 square miles at head of Chenango River and from

1 18.2 square miles on Tioughnioga River is stored in reservoirs and diverted to the 

Erie canal, and is not included in the following tables. These two areas have 

been subtracted from the total area of 1,468 square miles. *

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements, of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 3

3 

Dec. 25

Made by 

.....do................. 

R. M. Adams. .... ....

height.

Feet. 

2.59

2.63 

"3.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

253

270 

563

Date.

Mar. 10

Made by 

.....do................. 

E. D. B orchard

a.

Feet. 

6.21

4.00 

2. 98

Dtocharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,160

1,920 

533

Discharge relation affected by ice.
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1...........

2. ..........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25............

26...........

27...........

28... .........

29...........

30

31...........

Oct.

352

322

297

285

285

273

261

267

970

267

261

261

9Q1

279

261

279

382

A.U

414

438

438

390

352

338

297

303

291

291

285

285

Nov.

279

285

970

279

261

261

255

261

285

291

297

303

309

352

330

470

888

755

546

574

COrt

462

504

530

512

660

1,170

938

77Q

Dec.

744

938

1,170

1,030

875

755

692

692

724

744

724

692

574

504

Jan.

7,700

16,200

10,600

6,530

4,660

4,010

7,440

6,140

4,660

3,810

3,340

6,270

1,300

11,800

7 7nn

4,660

3,810

3,520

3,150

3,060

2,700

2,360

2,030

1,650

1 ' 640

Feb.

2,530

4,440

3,720

2,970

2,620

9 7Qft

3,520

2,53&

2,110

2,110

2,030

2,'530

2 fW.fl

7,440

13,800

9 7f|A

5,880

4,330

3,810

3,520

3 Q/ifl

4,550

12,400

25,800

17,400

9 inn

6,530

Mar.

5,140

4,440

3,620

2,970

2,790

9 7flft

2,530

2

0fJrt

2,030

2,030

1,870

,710

son

,620

640

,590

,530

1,410

1,330

1,370

1,470

1,410

1,380

1,950

2,280

3,810

2,880

2,360

2,440

2,030

1,820

Apr.

1,700

1,590

I

Kan

1 460

1^680

1,950

3,720

4,120

5,620

6,790

8,540

9,100

6,530

4,550

3,520

2,970

2,620

2,280

2,030

1,870

1,680

1,470

1,410

1,420

1,260

1,160

1,010

1,040

2,030

1,790

May.

1,560

1,710

1,560

I

QQft

1 400

1 OCft

i ran

1,480

1 840

1^380

1,130

975

938

1 060 *950

803

1 000

l'270

1,060

875

827*

1,640

1,740

1,370

1,240

1,200

1,480

1,270

975

839

744

June.

7(V>

631

593

£91

496

44fi

454

430

406

390

382

Ifif)

009

315

qqo

»487

coo

446

ooo

AjRty

504

430

530

682

702

564

470

406

368

Afw>

v

July.

10,300

7,050

4,120

4. AAI\

4,220

4,330

2,700

9 /tfio

17,800

10,000

6,010

7,700

6,790

5,600

4,220

3,340

2,970

2,530

2,110

1,950

1,790

1,560

1,400

1,230

1,170

1,810

2,280

2,190

1,870

1,620

1,300

Aug.

1,190

3,150

3 94ft

8,260

7,700

5,500

5,880

4,900

5,620

5,020

3,810

3,150

3,060

2,790

2,280

2,440

2,030

1,710

1,460

1,300

1,200

2,620

4,660

2,790

2,360

1,870

1,600

1,380

1,380

1,420

1,520

Sept.

1,310

1,090

975

888

815

755

755

791

900

1,680

1,330

988

2,360

7,180

4,900

3,720

3,150

2,970

2,530

2,280

2,790

3,240

2,280

1,840

1^650

1,680

3,810

2,620

1,950

1,660

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 15 to Jan. 6; discharge estimated as follows: Dec. 15-31, 546 second-feet; Jan. 1-6, 819 second-feet. 

These data supersede those published in the 1915 Annual Report of the State engineer and surveyor.

Monthly discharge of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., for tile year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

[Drainage area, 1,420 square miles.a]

Month.

0 bet

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

454 

1,170

16,200

25,800 

5,140 

9,100 

1,840 

702 

17,800 

8,260 

7,180

25,800

Minimum.

261 

255

2,030 

1,330 

1,010 

. 744 

315 

1,170 

1,190 

755

255

Mean.

315 

471 

650 

4,750 

5,970 

2,260 

2,950 

1,230 

479 

4,370 

3,140 

2,160

2,380

Per 

square 

mile.

0.222 

.332 

.458 

3.34 

4.21 

1.59 

2.08 

.866 

.337 

3.08 

2.21 

1.52

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.37 

.53 

3.85 

4.38 

1.83 

2.32 

1.00 

.38 

3.55 

2.55 

1.70

22.72

Accuracy.

A. 

A 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a See "Diversions" in station description.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVEB BASIN. 141

CHEMUNG EIVER AT CHEMUNG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the new highway bridge, about midway between Chemung, Chemung

County, N.Y., and Willawana, Pa., half a mile upstream from the State line and

about 10 miles above the mouth. 

DRAINAGE ABEA. 2,440 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 11, 1903, to September 30, 1915. Data also in

the annual reports of the New York state engineer and surveyor and State oiNew'

York Conservation Commission. \

GAGE. Tape gage on the new highway bridge; read twice daily by D. L. Oroutt. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; somewhat shifting. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 16.42 feet at 1 p. m.,

February 25 (discharge, 47,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.84 feet

at 6 a. m., October 8, and 6.30 a. m., November 6 (discharge, 175 second-feet). 

1903-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 16.5 feet at 6.30 a. m., March 27, 1913

(discharge, 52,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.47 feet at 7 a. m.,

August 14,1911 (discharge, 49 second-feet). 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. 

REGULATION. Power is developed above the station, the largest plant being at

Elmira, N. Y. 

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 80,1915.

Date.

Nov. 5

5

Fob. 16

17 

19

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.90

1.90

12.29

8.60 

6.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

209

200

28,900

14,700 

6,870

Date.

Mar. 12

May 6

Sept. 27

Made by 

C. C. Covert.. . ......."..

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.53

4.16

2.17

2.45

Discharge.

Sec.*ft. 

1,610

2,«80

392

564
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. .......

o

!::::::::: 4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

20.........

21.........

22.........

23... ......

24..'...'..

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

Oct.

239

216

210

210

204

189

180

189

184

239

216

199

216

216

251

276

282

326

326

366

352

288

276

234

251

288

' 194

199

210

204

Nqv.

204

210

204

204

199

184

184

194

222

210

239

239

251

251

263

392

1,430

1,090

808

685

575

516

419

419

419

419

433

392

552

4fi7

Dec.

412

412

474

605

560

dlRfi

467

474

474

523

560

568

453

426

Jan.

18,600

30,600

11,000

6,070

4,420

3,410

2,360

2,360

2,860

2,860

2,520

3,410

13,700

14,000

8,600

5,570

4,420

3,800

3,410

3,040

2,690

2,690

2,050

1,310

1,310

Feb.

1,900

5,820

5,570

4,210

3,410

3,410

4,000

3,410

2,860

2,360

2,050

2,200

3,410

4,860

17,900

30,200

15, 100

9,500

6,870

5,820

5,570

6,600

9,800

29,000

44,200

22,600

It: 600

7 4SH

Mar.

5,570

4,640

3,800

2,860

2,690

2,520

2,360

2,200

1,900

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,490

1,490

1,620

1,900

2,200

1,900

1,620

1,760

2,050

2,050

2.050

3,220

4,210

6,070

4,420

3,410

3,410

2,860

2,360

Apr.

2,050

1,900

1,760

1.620

1,490

2,050

8,010

7,150

8,300

9,200

10,100

8,900

6,070

4,210

3,220

2,690

2,360

2,200

1,900

1,620

1,490

1,370

1,250

1,140

1,140

1,040

940

2,050

4,860

3,410

May.

2,200

2,520

2,050

1,760

2,360

2,690

2,050

2,360

2,860

2,200

1,760

1,490

1,310

1,200

1,090

990

990

1,140

1,090

940

850

1,140

2,050

1,620

1,430

1,430

1,370

1,370

1,140

940

850

June.

808

725

645

645

605

545

516

460

446

406

406

406

372

366

366

460

446

453

366

333

333

320

339

372

412

379

326

301

257

339

July.

 3,220

3,600

8,900

7,720

d Rfin

3 arm

2,360

.8,600

30,600

11,300

5,820

7,430

6,870

6,600

4,210

2,860

4,640

8,300

3,600

2,690

2,200

1,760

1,560

1,490

1,370

1,140

4,210

5,090

2,860

2,360

2,520

Aug.

2,860

10,100

7,720

15,800

8,900

9,500

7,720

5,090

4,420

3,410

3,220

2,520

2,690

2,360

1,900

1,760

1,620

1,490

1,310

1,140

1,040

11,600

9,500

5,570

3,410

3,040

2,200

1,760

1,490

1,760

1,620

Sept.

1,370

1,140

1,040

895

850

808

850

1,200

1,200

940

808

725

685

- 685

685

645

645

605

725

2,050

1,200

1,090

990

765

685

645

560

545

545

516

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice 

from Dec. 15 to Jan. 6; discharge estimated as follows: Dec. 15-31,379 second-feet; Jan. 1-6, 615 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

. 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,440 square miles.]

Month.

March ............... .....

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

366 

1,430

30,600

44,200 

6,070 

10,100 

2,860 

808 

30,, 600 

15,800 

2,050

44,200

Minimum.

' 180

184

1,900 

1,490 

940 

850 

. 257 

1,140 

1,140 

516

180

Mean.

239 

409 

430 

5,190 

9,700 

2,710 

3,520 

1,590 

438 

5,310 

4,470 

870

2,870

Per 

square 

mile.

0.098 

.168 

.176 

2.13 

3 98 

1.11 

1.44 

.652 

.179 

2.17 

1.83 

.357

1.18

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

.19 

.20 

2.46 

4.14 

1.28 

1.61 

.75 

.20 

2.50 

2.11 

.40

15.95

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B, 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 143

PATtTXENT RIVER BASIN.

PATUXENT RIVER NEAR BUBTONSVTLI/E, MD.

LOCATION. At the Columbia turnpike bridge, 1£ miles northeast of Burtonsville, 

Montgomery County, and about 4 miles northwest of Laurel.

DRAINAGE AREA. 127 square miles measured on topographic maps.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1911, to June 15, 1912 (records furnished by United 

States Engineer Office); July 21, 1913, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder referred to a staff gage in three sections on left 

bank about 86 feet below highway bridge; prior to July 23, 1914, a vertical staff 

fastened to left side of bridge pier; datum of recorder is 1.29 feet below that of 

gage on pier. Recorder is inspected weekly by Columbus Brashears.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. ^Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks are lined with trees and brush and overflow at stage 

of about 10 feet. Control is a flat gravel bar about 300 feet below bridge. Current is swift under bridge, but sluggish below bridge to control. Discharge measurements indicate that control remained practically permament from 1911 to 

1914, but shifted during the floods of January and February, 1915.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 14.6 feet about 9 a. m. 

January 13, as indicated by flood mark on staff gage (discharge, 5,100 second-feet, 

based on poorly defined rating curve and may be subject to large error); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.52 feet at 4 a. m. November 8 (discharge, 15.6 second-feet).

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 14.6 feet at about 9 a. m. January 13, 

1915 (discharge, 5,100 second-feet, based on poorly defined rating curve and 

may be subject to-large error); minimum stage, 0.18 foot August 25, 1911 (discharge, 6 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY. Results fair prior to installation of recorder, as stream fluctuates rapidly 

during floods. Rating curves well defined except at high stages; gage-height 

record satisfactory and results good after installation of recorder.

Discharge mwsurements ofPatuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., during (he year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 13

14

14

Feb. 4

4

Made by 

Stevens and Burchard .

.....do.................

E.D. Burchard........

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

14.0

3.64

3.56

3.18

3.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a A 700

368

357

317

316

Date.

12

12

Made by 

H. J. Dean. ............

G. C. Stevens..........

3B.

Feet. 

6.75

2.04

2.04

1 Q"i

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,520

' 78.4

80.5

58.4

« Surface velocity observed and coefficient of 0.85 used to reduce to mean velocity.; results poor.
144 SUEFAOE WAT^E SUPPLY, 1915, PABT I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. ............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.....'........

g

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14............. is......:......

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25... ..........

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

O1

Oct.

31.0

i

90 n

27.2

29.0

37

78

61

41 1

36

36

34

32

35

35

37

Nov.

34

36

33

35

35

36

34

25.6

32

26.4

32

35

38

35

89

IQft

61

47.5

44

42.5

40.5

41 *

39 

AK

41 *

QQ

^Q

38

38

39

Dec.

3Q

38

38

38

37

44

114

153

Qd

70

65

63

61

130

CM

83

80

78

74

97

259

210

130

122

114

Q4

114

114 135'

369

325

Jan.

156

158

122

140

114

208

077

196

128

106

102

1 490

3^620

390

97ft

230

KOI

351

246

202

170

176

210

194

164

158

134

126

126

Feb.

341

2,830

530

338

290

354

280

232

190

177

175

170

170

168

192

309

190

168

156

147

145

139

139

383

349

208

168

161

Mar.

154

147

140

133

135

168

190

232

234

190

177

1fi9

145

145

1 141

137

133

f OK

125

137

129

123

121

115

111

107

105

107

105

105

Apr.

103

103

107

117

11Q

111

105

101

QQ

99

107

11Q

103

Qfi

92

90

88

ftfi

84

84

86

81

84

88

84

82

on

109

111

99

May.

86

81

79

88

90

81

77

75

127

84

72

11Q

197

101

84

113

127

Qfi

84

79

84

121

180

97

88

77

68

65

62

79

77

June.

62

773

686

221

147

119

107

90

81

72

68

75

90

111

99

11Q

99

150

86

81

72

75

75

65

62

62

61

57

53

July.

65

58

53

51

51

52

52

53

53

54

54

on

62

58

51

67

68

60

747

190

84

70

64

60

57

55 'S

5l

50

46

41

Aug.

41

41

46

1.010

11Q

401 1 92

86

115

82

62

607

660

270

on

75

67

64

58

54 .

58

62

49

45

45

41

37.5

340

306

713

166

Sept.

97

82

72

70

68

86

82

72

72

72

73

81

73

68

67

65

73

,145

61

55

54

51

47,5

45

41

37.5

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Feb. 2, from a rating curve well defined \below and 

fairly well defined above 1,000 second-feet; Feb. 3 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve well defined between 

40 and 2.200 second-feet. Recorder not operating Oct. 2-11,19-24, Feb. 28 to Mar. 3, July 5-10, and Sept. 

20-22; discharge estimated as follows: Oct. 2-11, 30 second-feet; Oct. 19-24, 38 second-feet; Sept. 20-22, 80 

second-feet; discharge interpolated Feb. 28 to Mar. 3 and July 5-10; discharge obtained by averaging 

hourly discharge for Nov. 15-16, Dec. 7-8, 14, 21-22, 29-31, Jan. 6-7,12-14, 18, Feb. 1-3,16, 24-25, May 13, 

22^23, June 2-3, 18, July 19-20, Aug. 4, 6,12-14, and 28-30.

Monthly discharge of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

i [Drainage area, 127 square miles.]

Month.

February .....

March .."..............

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

'Maximum.

78 

196 

369 

3,620 

2,830 

234 

119 

197 

773 

747 

1,010 

145

3,620

Minimum.

25.6 

37 

102 

139 

105 

81 

62 

53 

41 

37.5 

37.5

............

Mean.

35.7 

44.9 

112 

375 

325 

142 

97.6 

94.8 

132 

84.1 

184 

72.7

141

Per 

square 

mile.

0.281 

.364 

.882 

2.95 

2.56 

1.12 

.769 

.746 

1.04 

.662 

1.45 

.572

1.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.32

.40 

1.02 

3.40 

2.67 

1.29 

.86 

.86 

1.16 

.76 

1.67 

.64

16.05

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. , B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I. 145

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN.

POTOMAC RIVER AT POINT OF ROCKS, MD.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge at Point of Bocks, Frederick County, about 

one-third mile below Catoctin. Creek and 6 miles above Monocacy River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,650 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 17,1895, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain, attached to bridge, read once daily by G. H. Hickman. Datum 

constant since September 2, 1902; prior to this date datum was 0.45 foot higher 

than at present. Sea-level elevation of gage datum is 200.54 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. The control is a ledge a few 

hundred feet below the station, the ledge extending completely across the river 

except for one relatively unimportant channel.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.2 feet at 10 

a. m., June 4 (discharge 132,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.43 

foot at 2 p. m., November 14 (discharge 643 second-feet).

1895-1914: Maximum stage recorded, 29.0 feet on March 2, 1902 (discharge 

219,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot on September 10, 1914 (discharge, 

540 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation little affected by ice.

CANAL. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal parallels the Potomac on the Maryland side. 

The average discharge of the canal is 75 to 100 second-feet. The discharge is not 

included in the following tables.

ACCURACY. Results excellent except at extreme low water, when measuring conditions are not good.

The following discharge measurement was made by Stevens and Elwood:^ 

November 7, 1914: Gage height, 0.65 foot; discharge, 1,180 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3......;

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22 .

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.:.....

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

1,410

1,010

922

834

706

1,100

1,150

705

1,220

1,390

1,170

966

922

966

878

727

1,150

2,250

2,380

2,800

2,120

1,990

1,940

1,790

1,460

1,26Q

1,910

1,960

1,940

1,760

727

Nov.

834

1,080

1,150

1,100

1,260

1,510

1,100

1,120

1,510

1,220

878

769

685

643

727

966

1,220

2,080

2,940

2,660

2,380

2,520

2,660

2,800

2,120

1,910

1,710

1,660

1,560

1,460

Dec.

1,100

1,220

1,510

1,740

1,340

2,380

3,540

13,000

15,700

13,000

12,000

11,500

12,000

8,620

8,180

3,700

3,540

3,140

3,540

3,540

4,010

4,330

4,500

6,520

8,620

9,070

5,380

5,750

4,330

4,670

4,500

Jan.

4,500

5,380

10,500

8,620

5,020

5,380

9,530

80,500

66,400

37,100

21.700

27,500

57,300

56,400

33,500

22,900

19,800

26,100

77,200

84,600

63,900

37,100

22,900

20,400

16,300

14,100

12,000

11,000

10,000

10,000

9,070

Feb.

10,000

27,500

121,000

83,800

44,500

33,500

23,600

22,300

20,400

19,800

15,200'

14,100

13,000

10,000

24,200

37,100

34,200

19,800

16,300

15,200

14,100

12,000

10,000

14,600

31,500

26,100

25,500

17,400

Mar.

16,300

14,100

12,000

10,500

10,000

9,530

9,070

9,070

9,070

10 000

9,070

9,070

10,000

9,070

8,180

7,330

8,180

7,330

8,180

7,330

7,330

6,130

6,130

5,750

5,750

4,670

5,020

4,670

5,750

5,380

5,020

Apr.

5,020

4,840

4,500

4,670

4,500

4,330

4,010

3,860

3,860

4,170

4,500

4,670

5,380

5,750

5,750

5,380

5,020

4,670

4,330

4,010

4,170

4,170

3,860

3,540

3,090

4,010

4,010

4,010

3,860

3,090

May.

4,500

5,020

4,840

4,330

4,330

3,860

3,860

3,540

3,390

3,240

4,840

5,020

4,840

4,500

4,330

4,840

5,750

5,380

5,020

5,750

4,840

7,330

15,200

14,600

11,500

9,070

7,750

5,750

5,380

5,380

5,020

June.

3,860

24,800

109,000

127,000

65,600

48,400

36,300

21,100

14,600

9,530

10,500

5,380

6,520

6,130

9,530

14,100

14,600

12,500

10,500

9,070

8,620

7,750

7,330

5,020

4,840

3,540

4,170

3,860

3,700

3,540

July.

3,390

2,940

2,660

2,940

3,240

2,800

2,800

2,660

2,520

2,380

2,380

2,660

2,520

2,800

2,520

2,380

2,250

2,660

3,090

3,090

2,800

2,940

3,240

2,940

2,800

2,520

2,380

2,250

2,120

2,120

1,910

Aug.

1,580

1,240

5,020

6,920

12,500

19,800

14,600

10,500

5,750

4,500

4,500

9,530

8,620

4,500

3,860

3,540

4,010

3,700

3,540

3,700

3,860

8,180

10,000

3,540

3,240

3,540

4,500

5,750

11,000

10,000

14,100

Sept.

9,530

9,070

6,520

5,750"

5,020

5,020

3,540

7,330

6,520

5,020

5,020

4,500

4,010

3,700

3,540

3,240

2,940

2,940

2,800

7,750

6,130

11,000

7,750

6,130

5,750

5,020

4,670

4,010

3,090

3,090

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined except at extreme low stages. 

60411 ° WSP 401 17 10
146 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Monthly discharge ofPotomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.,for the year ending Sept. $0,

1915.

[Drainage area, 9,650 square miles.]

Month.

March.... ...............................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,800 

2,940 

15,700 

84,600 

121,000 

16,300 

5,750 

15,200 

127,000 

3,390 

19,800 

11,000

127,000

Minimum.

706 

643 

1,100 

4,500 

10,000 

4,670 

3,090 

3,240 

3,540 1,910' 

1,240 

2,800

643

Mean.

1,400 

1,540 

6,000 

28,600 

27,000 

8,230 

4,370 

5,900 

20,400 

2,670 

6,760 

5,350

9,730

Per 

square 

mile.

0.145 

.160 

.622 

2.96 

2.80 

.853 

.453 

.611 

2.11 

.277 

.699 

.554

1.01

Kun-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.18 

.72 

3.41 

2.92 

.98 

.51 

.70 

2.35 

, .32 

.81 

.62

13.69

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

MONOCACY EIVEB NEAE FBEDEBICK, MD.

LOCATION. At county bridge on toll road leading from Frederick, Frederick County, 

to Mourit Pleasant, about 3,000 feet below Tuscar,ora Creek (entering from the 

right) and about 2,000 feet above Israel Creek (entering from the left).

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 4, 1896, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of right span of bridge; read once daily 

(oftener during floods) by Eugene L. Derr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks lined with trees and brush; overflow at high stages; 

bed composed of gravel and bowlders and shifting during extreme floods. Control 

not well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.2 feet at 11 a. m. 

January 13 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 21,700 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 3.75 feet on several days in October (discharge, 

30 second-feet). '

1896-1915: Maximum stage January 13, 1915 (see preceding paragraph); minimum stage, 3.54 feet on several days in October, 1910 (discharge, 15 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice only during severe winters.

ACCURACY. Gage-height record reliable; discharge relation subject to change at 

high stages; rating curves poorly defined at high stages; results good at low and 

medium stages only.

Discharge measurements of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 6 

Feb. 4

Made by 

Stevens and Elwood . . . 

G. C. Stevens. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.98 

8.73

Discharge.

' Sec.-ft. 

66.7 

2,500

Date.

Apr. 20

Made by 

Stevens and Zens. .....

height.

Feet. 

4.72

 j

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

246
POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

90

30..........

31..........

Oct.

303n

30

30

43

43

43

43

43

30

on

30

30

43

59

390

212

182

126

78

78

59

59

59

59

5Q

59

59

59

59

59

Nov.

59

59

5Q

59

59

59

50

50

KA

KA

68

68

68

68

312

2,580

2,130

259

197

153

101

101

89

so

ao

89

78

89

89

Dec.

89

89

89

101

113

167

1,250

1,110

593

498

370

331

259

227

370

370

259

276

331

259

370

643

545

545

618

593

569

1,110

1,050

Jan.

545

4QS

370

331

OCQ

227

13,000

7 3fifi

2 qqft

1,230

1,100

9,570

20,900

8,310

4,180

2,200

2,200

6 fl4ft

5,740

2,180

1,960

1,350

1,110

1,110

1,890

1,820

1,170

1,110

QWl

615

615

Feb.

1 Qfifl

17,100

7,980

'2,710

2,260

3,370

2 C7ft

1,820

1,170 Oftft

800

QCA

1,110

1,110

2 Ann

5,240

2,330

1,610

1,230

1,110

950

onn

850

8,730

9,780

2 fi5tfl

2,260

1,350

Mar.

I 93ft

1,000 oflfl

800

QAft

QKft

850

ocn

1,060

1 000

a vi

900

700

638

615

570

570

570

KAG

505

485

465

445

425

4OR

37A

370

352

335

318

302

Apr.

3A9

OAQ

OOfi

286

97n

255

255

255

240

240

Af\r

445

Ane

286

*>7ft

255 9An

240

240

O4ft

94fl

240

99fi

226

226

aio

212

. 212

226

OM\

May.

226

919

184

226

919

184

184

184

184

171

1 EO

240

405

302

240

212

240

O7ft

226

226

212

2,260

2,710

660

I?Q9

4d<5

405

335

qno

352

425

June.

«>7ft

4 Q4.ft

14,800

2

Oftft

I

con

1 480 1*110

OCA

485

615

570

525

485

1 '570 540

525

485

<ua

485

465

445

OCQ

335

302

97n

255

286

270

255

226

July.

226 P 3ia

919

IDS

919

919

171

184

171

171

68

198

97ft

171

171

68

318

i fift

134

158

134

122

122

122

OQ

78

88

110

134

318

Aug.

146

122

S

ojrt

g 460

2,'030

1Q Aftrt

2,100

1,000

850

705

A1 K

1,290

6-940

1^060

615

525

Mf,

405

QK«>

335

31 a

425

1,000

425

405

37ft

286

525

S

een

2,180

3,460

Sept.

QWl

682

4RS

445

1,680

W ftftn

3,030

2,100

1 ooft

QKft

QCT|

705 p^ift

Koe

dd^

^ftS

OQQ

425

660

660

950

485

370

335

qno

97fl

286

255

240

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Jan. 6. from a rating curve well defined between 50 

and 140 second-feet and fairly well defined above 140 second-feet except at extremely high stages; Jan. 23 

to Sept. 30, from a rating curve well defined between 50 and 3,500 second-feet and only approximate above 

5,000 second-feet; Jan. 7-22, by indirect method for shifting channels.

Monthly discharge of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

March ................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

August ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

432 

2,580 

-1,250 

20,900 

17,100 

1,230 

445 

2,710 

14,800 

318 

13,000 

10,800

20,900

Minimum.

30 

50 

89 

227 

800 

302 

212 

158 

226 

68 

122 

240

30

Mean.

71.4 

246 

436 

3,300 

3,120 

652 

267 

425 

1,270 

169 

1,960 

1,060

1,070

Per 

square 

mile.

0.108 

.373 

.661 

5.00 

4.73 

.988 

.405 

.644 

1.92 

.256 

2.97 

1.61

1.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.12 

.42 

.76 

5.76 

4.92 

1.14 

.45 

.74 

2.14 

.30 

3.42 

1.80

21.96

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B.
148 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET I.

OCCOQUAN CREEK NEAR OCCOQUAN, VA.

LOCATION. At Frank Davis's farm, about 1 mile above Beaverdam Creek, and about 

_ 44 miles upstream and northwest of Occoquan, Prince William County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 546 square miles measured on topographic map.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 14, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Friez water stage recorder on left bank installed April 27,1913, referred to an 

inclined staff on left bank about 150 feet upstream. Inspected twiee a week by 

Miss Sadie Bradley. Previous to this date a temporary vertical staff on opposite 

bank,

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from "cable about 75 feet below the recorder, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and large rocks; control is practically permanent. 

Point of zero flow at 0.4 foot gage height.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 21.2 feet during the afternoon of January 33, determined from flood mark on gage house (discharge determined from extension of rating curve, 20,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

during year, 1.47 feet at 2.30 p. m. October 3; discharge, 12 second-feet.

1913-1915 maximum stage, 21.2 feet during the afternoon of January 13, 1915, 

determined from flood marks on gage house (discharge determined from extension 

of rating curve, 20,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.39 feet, September 13-18,1913; discharge 9.7 second-feet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Well-defined rating curve has been developed. Results excellent except 

at extreme high and low stages.

No discharge measurements made during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

l...........

2...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12........:..

1«J

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Oct.

13.0

12.5

12.0

12.5

13.5

14.0

14.0

14.0

14.0

15.0

15.5

15.5

16.0

16.0

16.5

22.0

30

41

61

45

35

34

32

26

22.5

21.0

19.5

20.0

19.5

18.0

17.0

Nov.

17.0

17.5

18.0

19.5

20.0

19.5

18.5

19.0

20.5

21.0

22.0

21.5

22.0

22.5

61

213

261

125

81

60

46

38

33

29

28

30

30

31

31

32

Dec.

31

30

32

33

37

40

Q7

329

288

172

138

172

174

389

445

230

144

106

91

91

132

722

466

302

140

110

92

92

189

838

Jan.

516

313

208

161

120

129

3,370

2,230

904

608

409

4,530

18,300

9,240

1,750

1.060

828

3,270

3,020

1,260

970

612

490

646

639

1,400

745

600

495

354

- 325

Feb.

439

10,600

7,870

2,250

1,580

2,010

2,320

1,350

835

592

488

496

520

470

435

1 AVI

865

589

445

365

340

322

301

1,100

4 14ft

1,280

7<J7

570

Mar.

478

408

IfiR

*>*>!

285

360

807

2,030

1,470

835

fian

CAQ

410

360

336

308

277

250

225

219

219

200

183

174

163

158

146

14fl

lift

129

Apr.

121

118

121

129

140

132

120

116

110

106

116

120

113

102

98

97

97

91

85

84

81

81

77

78

82

80

81

Af)f\

9Q£

May.

160

116

100

111

92

77

71

68

65

58

64

120

176

121

88

73

62

65

70

70

67

558

228

120

86

77

60

en

61

68

June.

72

1.750

12,400

3,130

1,110

670

510

404

314

252

. 210

184

168

314

WM

415

350

229

296

251

200

148

118

102

84

81

226

183

98

. 77

July.

70

68

75

68

66

75

75

71

62

55

48

53

50

47

46

43

41

10S

81

72

82

67

59

53

47

43

39

35

35

33

32

Aug.

39

198

146

2,410

1,730

460

318

178

345

333

201

133

163

243

150

121

135

175

92

72

.71

85

84

80

75

61

An

^Q

Otvt

i.sscr

1.820

Sept.

500

311

234

IQft

165

138

 loft

136

118

Oft

fin

71

64

59EC

vt

48

44

48

54

64

85

68

62

58

52

46Qfi

35

36

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 13 and 9,820 second-feet. Discharge estimated because of ice Dec. 16-19 and 26-29. Discharge Nov. 15-17, Dec. 7-9,14-15,21-23, 30-31, 

Jan. 1-2.9-16, 30-31, Feb. 1-6,25, and June 2-4 obtained by averaging value? for two-hour periods. Discharge Jan. 3-8,17-29, Feb. 7-24, 26-28, Mar. 1-22, Apr. 29-30, May 1, 23-24, June 5-21, 27-28, Aug. 2-19, 

29-31, and Sept. 1-6 obtained by use of a discharge integrator.
EAPPAHANNOCK EIVEE BASIN. 149

Monthly discharge of Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Fa., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 546 square miles.]

Month.

May................. ....................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

61 

261 

838 

18.300 

10,600 

2,030 

400 

558 

12,400 

105 

2,410 

500

18,300

Minimum.

12.0 

17.0 

30 

120 

301 

129 

77 

58 

72 

32 

39 

35

12.0

Mean.

21.9 

46.9 

205 

1,920 

1,600 

409 

119 

107 

822 

57.9 

415 

105

479

Per 

square 

mile.

0.040 

.086 

.375 

3.52 

2.93 

.749 

.218 

.196 

1.51 

.106 

.760 

.192

.877

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.05 

.10 

.43 

4.06 

3.05 

.86 

.24 

.23 

1.68 

.12 

.88 

.21

11.91

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

KAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER NEAR FREDERICKSBURQ, VA.

LOCATION. About 3J miles above Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, and about 

1J miles above the dam of the Spottsylvania Power Co.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,590 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 19, 1907, to September 30, 1915

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank installed November 4, 1913, to replace chain 

gage destroyed October 31, 1913. Original gage was a vertical staff, which was 

destroyed February 14, 1908, and replaced February 20, 1908, by a chain gage 

under the cable. All three gages were referred to the same datum and the locations were practically the same. Gage read twice daily by 3. W. Franklin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at the gage. At extreme low water 

measurements can be made by wading or from a bridge over the power canal 

. below the dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Both banks wooded; right bank will overflow at stage of 

about 15 feet, left bank at about 12 feet. One channel, bed composed of bowlders 

and somewhat rough. Current sluggish at extreme low water. Control is a rocky 

section a few hundred feet below the gage, and has remained practically per, 

manent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.0 feet January 

13, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge determined from extension 

of rating curve, 36,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.38 foot afternoon of October 6 (discharge, 88 second-feet).

1907-1915-: Maximum stage recorded, 11.0 feet January 13, determined by 

leveling from flood marks (discharge determined from extension of rating curve36,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.30 foot at 3 p. m, August 21,1914 

(discharge 72 second-feet).

WINTERPLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.,

ACCURACY. Rating curve weU defined except at extreme low and high stages, 

height record reliable and results good.

The following discharge measurements was made by G. C. Stevens: 

January 20, 1915: Gage height, 3.92 feet; discharge, 4,970 second-feet.
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

is

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

is

19

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27. .........

0(2

90

30..........

31..........

Oct.

108

110

110

106

101

92

104

115

121

191

121

121

115

1,040

3,490

1,280

750

534

425

355

317

294

300

288

276

ocn

235

216

216

Nov.

225

216

212

212

208

204

216

' 93^

245

919

208

904

OQO

6,770 9 4fm

1 98ft

975

750

645

607

K49

526

402

402

OQO

382

382

Dec.

369

388

462

455

448

1,100

2,570

3,100

2,240

1,620

1,770

1,620

1,620

2,570

2,080

1.350

QAA

O1 S

01 ft

1,220

1,700

3

OQA

2 ftftft

1 4Qft

I

ofin

1,160

Q1R

918

1,220

2,000

2

Qon

Jan.

2,080

1,770

1,420

1,220

1,100

860

6,800

4,600

2

9/Vl

1 Rnn

9,000

36,300

6,000

3,800

3,000

6,500

6 nnn

5,100

4,850

3,290

2 74ft

2 4ftft

2,570

3 inn

2 74A

2 4nn

2 240

1^920

1,770

Feb.

1,920

19 600

15*000

7,380

4,850

5,360

4,610

3,700

3,100

2

E7n

2 400

9J 9dn

2 080

2 000

1^920

2,570

2 400

2 (\O[\

1,700

1,620

i sfift

1,480

1 480

1 840

19 Anft

5,630

3 490

2, 920

Mar.

2,570

2,400

2,000

1,840

1,700

1,840

2,920

3,290

2,570

2,080

1,840

1,700

1,620

1,4#0

1,480

1,420

1,350

1

9flft

1,220

1,220

1,280

1,220

l'l60

1,100

1 040

1 AAA

1 fldft

1 040

' 975

918

Apr.

918

918

918

918

918

860

860

860

one

750

860

sns

750

7KA

750

750 7<m

708

687

666

666

687

740

729

687

656

616

805

May.

750

616

542

598

636

687

518

4fi9

502

A Oft

448

486

QflK

1,100

687

486

440

502

486

486

486

542

560

526

486

448

382

388

388

440

645

June.

918

6,190

18,200

10,900

4,850

3,290

2,570

2,240

1,770

1,480

1,350

1,220

1,100

1,040

1,920

2 940

1,560

1.220

1,220

1,100

918

860

750

687

666

687

7WI

687

616

July.

560

656

656

534

578

805

636

526

462

4452

432

402

AAn

425

OfiQ

369

418

355

462

410

1,350

1,040

805

636

687

502

440

410

369

740

645

Aug.

502

578

805

13,700

20,100

5,630

2,570

1,700

2,570

2,240

1,420

1,040

4,370

2,000

1,350

3,290

2,080

1,280

1,040

805

74n

975

1,100

750

71ft

79Q

607

626 in win

5,910

9

AQA

Sept.

4.140

2,240

2,240

2,000

1,770

1,560

2,400

2,080

1,700

1,560

1,350

1,220

1,100 i iwn '918

805

750

718

2,400

9 94ft

1,220

1.480 i run

918

805

74H

687

656

607

1,700

NOTE. Gage removed by ice Jan. 7; replaced Jan. 20. Crest height of flood Jan. 13 determined by leveling from flood marks on bank Jan. 20.

Discharge determined from rating curve well denned above 500 second-feet and fairly well denned below. Discharge Jan. 7-12 and 14-19 estimated by comparison with records for adjacent streams.

Monthly discharge of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Fa., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,590 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

March. .. ,. ..............

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

The year. .........................

Dischargein second-feet. '

Maximum.

3,490 

6,770 

3,290 

36,300 

19,600 

3,290 

918 

1,100 

18,200 

1,350 

20,100 

4,140

36,300

Minimum.

92 

191 

369 

860 

1,480 

918 

578 

382 

616 

355 

502 

607

92

Mean.

386 

675 

1,500 

4,870 

4,270 

1,600 

776 

549 

2,540 

567 

3,260 

1,470

1,860

Per 

square 

mile.

0.243 

.425 

.943 

3.06 

2.69 

1.01 

.488 

.345 

1.60 

.357 

2.05 

.925

1.17

Ban-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.28 

.47 

1.09 

3.53 

2.80 

1.16 

.54 

.40 

1.78 

.41 

2.36 

1.03

15.85

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
STJBFACfc WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PAST I. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

151

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in North Atlantic slope basins during the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Date.

Oct. 7 

Aug. 28

Sept. 29

Nov. 7

8

Stream.

Pemigewasset 

Eiver. 

.....do.............

West Branch of 

Westfleld Eiver.

Brook.

Tributary to 

Merrimack River.. 

.....do............

Westfleld Eiver...

.....do............

Locality.

Gaging station at Plymouth, N. H. . . 

.....do..............................

Steel highway bridge in Chester, 

Mass.

east of Gaylordsvme, Conn.

Gaylordsville, Conn.

Mills, near Leesburg, Va.

SSL

Feet. 

-0.08

1.96

2.44

2.34

DiScharge.

Sec.-ft. 

149

1,090

35 

1.0

26

363
INDEX.

A. Page. 

Accuracy,degree of.......................... 12-13

Acknowledgments to those aiding........... 14

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

Adams, G. F., work of...................... 14

Adams, R. M., work of...................... 14

Albion, R. I., Blackstone River at.......... 67-68

Alplaus River near Charlton, N. Y........ 126-128

Amherst, Maine, West Branch of Union River

at............................... 20-21

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. II......... 47-49

atErroldam,N.H...........-........... 46-47

atRumford Falls, Maine................ 49-50

Androscoggin River basin, N. H.-Maine,

stream flow in.................. 46-54

Appropriations, table of..................... 7

Authorization of work....................... 7

Aziscohos dam, Maine, Magalloway River at. 51

B. 

Bangor, Maine, Kenduskeag Stream near.... 30-31

Bames, Hi S., work of....................... 14

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.......... 133-134

Bennetts Bridge, Conn., Pomperaug River

at............................. 102-104

Berlin, N. H., Androscoggin River at....... 47-49

Blaekbridge, N. Y., West Branch of SacandagaRiverat.................. 120-122

Blackstone River at Albion, R. I............ 67-68

Blackstone River basin, R. I., stream flow in. 67-68 

Borden Brook near Westfleld, Mass......... 93-94

Branch Lake near Ellsworth, Maine......... 22

Burchard, E. D.,work of................... 14

Burtonsville, Md., Patuxent River near... 1*43-144

C. 

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y....... 11) -113

Charlemont, Mass., Deerfield River at....... 78-80

Charlton, N. Y., Alplaus River near...... 126-128

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y........ 141-142

Chenango River near Chenango Forks,

N.Y.......................... 139-140

Chester, Mass.,West Branch of Westfleld River

at............................... 151

Clinton, Mass., South Branch of Nashua River

basin near....................... 64-65

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine., 44-45 

Cochituate, Mass., Lake Cochituate basin

near............................. 65,67

Computed results, accuracy of............... 13

Conklin, N. Y., Susquehanna River at.... 137-138

Connecticut, cooperation with............... 14

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.......... 69-70

 at Sunderland, Mass..................... 71-72

Connecticut River basin. N. H.-Mass.-Vt..

stream flow in................... 69-95

Control, definition of........................ 8-9

Cooks Falls, N. Y., Beaver Kill at......... 133-134

Cooperation, details of....................... 14

Covert, C. C., work of.. 

Current meter, view of.

Page. 

14 

10

D. 

Danforth, G. C., work of.................... 14

Data, accuracy of............................ 12-13

explanation of.......................... 11-12

Dead River at The Forks, Maine............ 38-39

Dean, H. J., work of........................ 14

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass........ 78-80

Definitions of terms......................... 8-9

DeGolyer, C. S., work of.................... 14

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N.Y...... 130-131

at Riegelsville, N. J.................... 132-133

Delaware River, East Branch, at Fish Eddy

N.Y.......................... 128-130

Delaware River, West Branch; at Hate

Eddy,N.Y................... 135-136

Delaware River -basin, N. Y.-N. J., stream

flowin........................ 128-136

Discharge, conversion of..................... 9-10

tables of................................. 12

Discharge relations, definition of............ * 8

E. 

Eagle Bridge, N. Y., Hoosic River near.... 122-123

Ellsworth, Maine, Branch Lake near......... 22

Elwood, W. A., work of.................... 14

Equivalents, convenient, table of............ 9-11

Errol Dam, N.H., Androscoggin River at.... 46r47

Erving, Mass., Millers River at.............. 75-78

Evergreen Mills, Va., Goose Creek at........ 151

F.

Falls Village, Conn., Housatonic River at... 98-101 

Farmingham, Maine, Sandy River near...... 40

Farmington River, near New, Boston, Mass.. 94-«5 

Fear,H.W., work of......................... 14

Fish Eddy, N. Y., East Branch of Delaware

River at....................... 128-130

Fort Kent, Maine, St. John River at........ 14-16

Foxcroft, Maine, Piscataquis River near..... 29-30

Framingham, Mass., Sudbury River basin

near............................. 65-66

Franklin Junction, N. H., Merrimack River

at................................ 57-59

Frederickj Md., Monocacy River near..... 146-147

Frederick, Va., Rappahannock River near;-149-150 

Fuller, E.S., work of........................ 14

G. 

Gaging stations, description of ............... 11-12

distribution of........................... 7-8

view of.................................. 10

Gardiner, Maine, Cobbosseecontee Stream at. 44-45 

GarvinsFalls,N.H.,MerrimacfcRiverat.... 59-71

Gaylordsville, Conn., Housatonic River at. 101-102 

Womenshenuk Brook near.............. 151

153
154 INDEX.

Gibbs Crossing, Mass., Ware River at....... 80-81

Goose Creek at Evergreen Mills, Va.......... 151

near Leesburg, Va....................... 151

Goss Heights, Mass., Middle Branch of WestneldRiverat.................... 89-90

Great Barrington, Mass., Housatonic River

near............................. 96-97

Grindstone, Maine, East Branch of Penobscot

River at......................... 25-27

H.

Hadley, N. Y., Sacandaga Rivei; at........ 119-120

Hale Eddy, N. Y., West Branch of Delaware

River at....................... 135-136

Hartwell, O. W., work of.................... 14

Hill, W.G., work of......................... 14

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y..... 122-123

Hope, N. Y., Sacandaga River near........ 117-18

Horsepower, calculation of................... 11

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn.... 98-101

at Gaylordsville, Conn................ 101-102

near Great Barrington, Mass............,. 96-97

Housatonic River basin, Mass.-Conn., stream

flowin.. ........................ 96-104

Hudson Eiver at Mechanicsyille, N/Y.... 110-111

at North Creek,N.Y.................. 104-105

at Spier Falls, N.Y................... 108-109

at Thunnan,N.Y.................... 106-107

Hudson River basin, N. Y., stream flow in 104-128

I.

Indian Lake, N. Y., Cedar River near..... 111-113

Indian Lake reservoir near............ 113-114

Indian River near..................... 114-115

J.

James, W. A., work of. 14

K.

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine..... 30-31

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine....... 34-36

at Waterville, Maine.................... 36-38

Kennebee Eiver basin, Maine, stream flow in. 33-45 

Kimmey, H., work of....................... 14

Knightsville, Mass., Westfleld River at...... 85-87

L.

Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass. 65,67 

Lawrence, Mass., Merrimack River at....... 62-63

Leesburg, Va., Goose Creek near............. 151

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris,

Maine........................... 51-54

M.

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine ...... 18-20

Machias River basin, Maine, stream flow in . 18-20 

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine. 51 

Maine, cooperation with..................... 14,

Massachusetts, cooperation with............. ' 14

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag,

Maine........................... 27-28

Mechanicsville,N.Y.,HudsonRiverat.... 110-111

Merrimack'River at Franklin Junction, N. H. 57-59 

at GarvinsFalls, N. H.................. 59-61

at Lawrence, Mass....................... 62-63

Merrimack River basin, N. H.-Mass......... 57-67

Page. 

Millers River at-Erving, Mass............... 75-78

Millinocket, Maine, West Branch Penobscot River at.................... 22-23

Miner's inch, equivalents of................. 10

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N.Y. 124-125 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md....... 146-147

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine....... 33-34

N.

Nashua River basin, South Branch, near

Clinton,Mass.................... 64-65

New Boston,Mass., Farmington River near.. 94-95 

New York, cooperation with...........'..... 14

North Creek, N. Y., Hudson River at...., 104-105

O.

Oecoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va....... 148-149

Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at......... 69-70

P.

Passumpsic River near St. Johnsburg, Vt... 72-74 

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md.... 143-144

Patuxent River basin, Md., stream flow in. 143-144 

PemigewasBBt River at Plymouth, N. H..... 151

Penobscot River at West Enfleld, Maine .... 23-25

Penobscot River, East Branch, at Grindstone, Maine .................... 25-27

Penobscot River, West Branch, at Millinocket, Maine................... 22-23

Penobscot River basin, Maine, stream flow in. 22-31 

Pierce's mills, Vt., Passumpsic River at..... 72-74

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me......... 29-30

Pittsfleld, Maine, Sebasticook Eiver at...... 40-44

Plymouth, N. H., Pemigewasset River at... 151 

Point of Rocks, Md., Potomac River near.. 145-146 

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn 102-104 

Port Jervis, N. J., Delaware River at...... 130-131

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md..... 145-146

Potomac River basin, Md.-Va., stream flow

in................'............. 145-149

Presumpscot River at Sebago Lake outlet,

Maine........................... 54-65

Presumpscot River basin, Maine, stream flow

in............"I.................. S4-55

Q.

Quaborg River at West Brimfleld, Mass..... 84-85 

R.

Rappahannock River basin, Va., stream flow

in............................. 149-150

Rappahannock River near Frederick, Va.. 149-150 

Rating tables, use of......................... 11

Riegelsville, N. J., Delaware River at..... 132-133

Riverbank, N. Y., Schroon River at....... 115-117

Rumford Falls,.Maine, Androscoggin River

at............................... 49-50

Run-off, definition of........................ 8

8.

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.......... 110-120

near Hope,N.Y..'..................... 117-118

Sacandaga River, West Branch, at Blackridge, N.Y...................... 120

near Wells, N.Y........................ 120

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine.......... 56-57
INDEX. 155

Saco Eiver basin, Maine, stream flow in.... 56-57

St. George River at Union, Maine........... 32-33

St. George River basm, Maine, stream flow in. 32-33 

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine......... 14-16

at Van Buren/Maine.................... 16-18

St. John Eiver basin, Maine, stream flow in. 14-18 

St. Johnsbury, Vt., Passumpsic Eiver near.. 72-74 

Sandy Eiver near Fanuingham, Maine...... 40

Schroon Eiver at Riverbank, N. Y........ 115-117

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine, Presumpscot

Eiver at......................... 54-55

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine....... 40-44

Second-foot, definition of.................... 8

South Pans, Maine, Little Androscoggin

River near...................... 51-54

Spier Falls, N. Y., -Hudson River at....... 108-109

Stevens, G. C., work of...................... 14

Sudbury River basin near Framingham,

Mass............................ 65-66

Sunderland, Mass., Connecticut River at.... 71-72

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y...... 137-138

Susquehanna Eiver basin, N. Y., stream

fiowin........................ 137-142

Swift River at West Ware, Mass............ 82-83

T.

Terms, definitions of........................ 8-9

The Forks, Maine, Dead River at........... 38-39

Eennebec Eiver at...................... 34-36

Thurman, N. Y., Hudson Eiver at........ 106-107

Thweatt, Hardin, work of................... 14

U.

Union, Maine, St. George Eiver at.......... 32-33

Union River basin, Maine, stream flow in... 20-22 

Union River, West Branch, at Amherst, Me. 20-21

V.

Van Buren, Maine, St. John River at....... 16-18

Vermont," cooperation with.................. 14

Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., Mohawk River at 124-125

W. 

Walters, M. I., workof...................... 14

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass......... 80-81

Water-stage recorders, use of................ 11

views of................................. 11

Waterville, Maine, Kennebec River at...... 36-38

Wells, N. Y., West Branch Sacandaga River

near...................A...... 120-122

West Brimfield, Mass., Quaborg River at... 84-85 

West Buxton, Saco Eiver at................. 56-57

West Enfield, Maine, Penobscot River at... 23-25 

Westfield, Mass., Borden Brook near........ 93-fl4

Westfleld Little Eiver near.............. 91-92

Westfield River near..................... 87-89

Westfield Ltitle River near Westfield, Mass. 91-92 

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass....... 85-87

near Westfield, Mass.................... 87-89

Westfield River, Middle Branch, at Goss

Heights, Mass................... 89-40

Westfield Eiver, West Branch, at Chester,

Mass............................ 151

West Hartford, Vt., White River at......... 74-75

West Ware, Mass., Swift River at........... 82-83

White River at West Hartford, Vt.......... 74-75

WhitneyvUle, Maine, Machias River at..... 18-20

Womensbenuk Brook near Gaylordsville,

Conn............................ 151

Work, division of............................ 14

Z.

Zero flow, definition of. 

Zens, W. F., work of...
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume 

of flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, 

but it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below.

PART I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins. 

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in,California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins (in three volumes).

This appendix contains, in addition to the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the section, a similar list of reports that 

are of general interest in many sections and cover a wide range of 

hydrologic subjects; also brief references to reports published by 

State and other organizations (p. xxii).

m
IV STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-stfpply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey as follows:

Boston, Mass., Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., Koom 19, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., c/o Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building^

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to ihe Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 3,800 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports indicated in the following table:
STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Stream-flow data, in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A1 -Annual Report; B=* Bulletin; W= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt. 2. ..........

llth A, pt. 2.. .........

12th A, pt. 2. .........

13th A, pt. 3...........

14th A, pt. 2. ..........

B131.. ......". ........

16th A, pt. 2. ..........

B140.. ................

Wll... ................

18th A, pt. 4.. .........

W15.. .................

W16.... ...............

19th A, pt.4...........

W27............. ......

W28... ................

20th A, pt. 4.. ..........

W35 to 39.. ............

21st A, pt.4.. ..........

W47 to 52.. ...........

22d A, pt.4.. ..........

W65, 88....... .........

W75.. .................

W82 to 85. ............

W97 to 100. ...........

W 124 to 135. ..........

W 165 to 178. ..........

W201 to 214. ..........

W 241 to 252. ..........

W261 to 272.. .........

W281 to ?92.. .........

W301 to 312. .....;....

W321 to 332.. .........

W351 to 362.. .........

W381 to 394.. ..........

W401 to 415... .........

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893) .... >........

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sissippi Rf-er below junction of Missouri and Platte, and 

western United States.

(also some long-time records).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1884' to Sept.,

1890. 

188* to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1898.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.-

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.

1900.

1901.

190L

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913t

1914.

1915.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers of papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1914. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data from 1902 to 1915 for any station in the area 

covered by Part- III are published in Water-Supply Papers 83, 98, 

128, 169, 205, 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, and 403, which contain records for' the Ohio Kiver basin for those years. 

60411° WSP 401 17 11
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899«..... 

1900;. .... 

1901.......

1902.......

1903

1904.......

1905.......

ions

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47,»48 

65,75 

82 

97 

»124,ol25. 

2>126 

» 165, o!66, 

P167 

» 201, o202. 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

-River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

V 167, 168 

P 203, 204

' 242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402

III

Ohio 

River.

36 

48,<49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36 

49 

65,75 

182,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper

sippi 

River.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

* 83, 85 

*98,99,*»100 

ft 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405

VI

Missouri 

River.

c36,37 

49, /50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,9131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River.

37 

50 

ft 65, 66, 75 

. * 83,84 

ft 98,99 

ft 128, 131

ft 169, 173 

ft 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407

viii

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408

C

1

o Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

fr James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

« Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

9 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

ft Wissahickon and Schnylkill rivers to James River,

i Scioto River.

i Lonp and Platte 

with Platte.

ft Tributaries of Mi

l Lake Ontario and 

m Hudson Bay onl

» New England riv

o Hudson^River to 

p Snsqnehanna Riv

9 Platte and Kansa

r Great Basin in Ca

« Below junction w

( Rogue, Umpqua, 
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. . VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The -main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page- m, and in 

the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The principal streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean between 

St. John River (Maine-New Brunswick) and York River, Va., are 

the St. Croix, Machias, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Saco, Merrimack, Mystic, Blackstone, Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, Potomac, and Rappahannock. The streams jdrain 

wholly or in part the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

This part contains, in addition to the annotated list of publications 

relating specifically to the section, a similar list of reports that are 

of general interest in many sections and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects; also brief references to reports published by State and 

other organizations (p. xxn).

GAGING STATIONS. 1

NOTE. Dash after date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1915. Period after 

a date indicates discontinuance.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN.

St. John River near Dickey, Maine, 1910-11. 

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, 1905- 

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, 1908-

Allagash Riyer near Allagash, Maine, 1910-11. 

" St. Francis River at St. Francis, Maine, 1910-11.

Fish River at Wallagrass, Maine, 1903-1908; 1911.

Madawaska River at St. Rose du Degele, Quebec, 1910-11. ~~

Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Maine, 1903-1910.

ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN.

St. Croix River near Woodland (Spragues Falls), Maine, 1902-1911. 

St. Croix River at Baring, Maine, 1914.

West Branch, of St. Croix River at Baileyville, Maine, 1910-1912.

1 St. John River to York River, inclusive.
VHI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN.

Macbias River at Wbitneyville, Maine, 1903-

UNION RIVER BASIN.

Union River, West Branch (head of Union River), at Amherst, Maine, 1909- 

Union River, West Branch, near Mariaville, Maine, 1909. 

Union River at Ellsworth, Maine, 1909.

East Branch of Union River near Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Webb Brook at Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Green Lake (head of Reeds Brook) at Green Lake, Maine, 1909-191$}.

Reeds Brook [Green Lake Stream] at Lakewood, Maine, 1909-1913.

Branch Lake (head of Branch Lake Stream) near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1915.

Branch Lake Stream near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1914.

PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

Penobscot River, West Branch (head of Penobscot River), at Millinocket, Maine, 1901-

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, 1901-

Penobscot River at Sunkhaze rips, near Oostigan, Maine, 1899-1900.

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grand Lake dam, Maine, 1912.

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 1902-

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, 1902-

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, 1902-

Oold Stream Pond (head of Cold Stream), Maine, 1900-1911 (record of opening 

and closing of pond). * ^

Cold Stream at Enfield, Maine, 1904-1906. 

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, 1908- 

Orland River: '

Phillips Lake outlet near East Holden, Maine, 1904-1908.

ST. GEORGE RIVER BASIN.

St. George River at Union, Maine, 1913-

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. '

Moose River (head of Kennebec River) near Rockwood, Maine, 1902-1908; 1910-1912. 

Moosehead Lake (on Kennebec River) at Greenville, Maine, 1903-1906 (stage only). 

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine (stage only), 1895- 

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, 1901- 

Kennebec River at Bingham, Maine, 1907-1910. 

Kennebec River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907. 

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, 1892-

Kennebec River at Gardiner, Maine, 1785-1910 (record of opening and closing of 

navigation).

Roach River at Roach River, Maine, 1901-1908.

Dead River near The Forks, Maine, 1901-1907; 1910-

Carrabassett River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907.

Sandy River near Farmington, Maine, 1910-

Sandy River near Madison, Maine, 1904-1908.

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, 1908-

Messalonskee Stream at Waterville, Maine, 1903-1905.

Oobbosseecontee Lake (on .Cobbosseecontee Stream), Maine, 1839-1911 (dates of 

opening and closing).

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine, 1890-
STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS. IX 

ANDEOSCOGGIN EIVER BASIN.

Rangeley Lake (head of Androscoggin River), Maine, 1879-1911 (dates of opening and

closing).

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., 1905- 

Androscoggin'River at Gorham, N. H., 1903 (fragmentary). 

Androscoggin River at Shelbume, N. H., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, 1892-1903; 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Maine, 1902-1908.

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, 1912-

Aubnm Lake, Maine, 1890-1911 (date of opening).

Little Androscoggin River at Bisco Falls, near South Paris, Maine, 1913-

PEESUMPSCOT RIVEK BASIN.

Presumpscot RiVer at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 1887-

SACO RIVER BASIN.

Saco River near Center Conway, N. H., 1903-1912. 

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine, 1907-

MBRRIMACK RIVER BASIN.

Pemigewasset River (head of Merrimack River) at Plymouth, N. H., 1886-1913. 

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., 1903- 

Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H., 1904- 

Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., 1848-1861; 1866-1915. 

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., 1880-

Middle Branch of Pemigewasset River at North Woodstock, N. H., 1911-12.

Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport, N. H., 1860-1911. (Stage only.)

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H., 1903-1907.

Suncook River at East Pembroke, N. H., 1904-5.

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., 1909-1914.

Nashua River:

South Branch of Nashua River, Clinton, Mass., 1896-

Concord River at Lowell, Mass., 1901-

Sudbury River at Framingham, Mass., 1875- 

Lake Cochituate at Cochituate, Mass., 1863-

MYStlC RIVER BASIN.

Mystic Lake (on Mystic River) near Boston, Mass., 1878-1897.

CHARLES RIVER BASIN.

Charles River at Waltham, Mass., 1903-1909.

TAUNTON RIVER BASIN.

Matfield River (head of Taunton River) at Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10. 

Satucket River near Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10.

PROVIDENCE EIVER BASIN.

Providence RJver:

Seekonk River: , ' 

Tenmile River near Rumford, R. I., 1909. 

Blackstone River at Woonsocket, R. I., 1904-5. 

Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., 1914-15. 

Blackstone River at Berkeley, R. I., 1901-2.

Branch River at Branch Village, R. I., 1909-10; 1912-13. - 

Woonasquatuckett River at Olneyville, R. I., 1910.
X STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

PAWTUXET RIVER BASIN.

Pawtuxet River at Harris, R. I., 1909.

PAWCATUCK RIVER BASIN.

Pawcatuck River:

Wood River at Hope Valley, R. I., 1909-10.

THAMES RIVER BASIN.

Thames River:

Quinebaug River:

Shetucket River at Willimantic, Conn., 1904-5.

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

Connecticut Eiver at Orford, N. H., 1900- 

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., 1904- 

Connecticut River at Holyoke, Mass., 1880-1899. 

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn., i896-1908.

Israel River above South Branch near Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1906. 

Israel River below South Branch at Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1909- 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., 1903. 

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H., 1903-1907.

Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H., 1903-1907.

Little River at Twin Mountain, N. H., 1904-6.

White River at Sharon, Vt., 1903-1904; 1909-1913.

White River at West Hartford, Vt., 1915-

Ashuelot River at Winchester, N. H., 1903-1904.

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., 1907-1911.

Millers River at Wendell, Mass., 1909-1913.

Millers River at Erving, Mass., 1914^

Moss Brook at Wendell, Mass., 1909-10. 

Deerfield Eiver at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Deerfield River at CharlemonJ, Maes., 1913- 

Deerfield River at Shelburne Falls, Mass., 1907-1913. 

Deerfield Eiver at Deerfield, Mass., 1904-5. 

Ware Eiver (head of Chicopee River) at Ware, Mass., 1904-1911. 

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., 1912-

Burnshirt River near Templeton, Mass.,. 1909. .

Swift River at West Ware, Mass., 1910-

Quaboag Eiver at West Warren, Mass., 1903-1907. .

Quaboag^ River at West Brimfield, Mass., 1909- 

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., 1909- 

Westfield River at Russell, Mass., 1904^5. ' * 

' Westfield Eiver near Westfield, Mass., 1914-

Middle Branch of Westfield Eiver at Goss Heights, Mass., 1910-

Westfield Little Eiver near Westfield, Mass, 1905- 

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass.', 1910-

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., 1913-

Salmon River at Leesville, Conn., 1905-6.

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN.

Housatonic Eiver near Great Barrington, Mass., 1913- 

Housatonic Eiver at Falls Village, Conn-, 1912- 

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., 1900-1914.

Tenmile River at Dover Plains, N. Y., 1901-1903.

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., 1913-
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XI

MIANUS RIVER BASIN.

Mianus River at Bedford, N. Y., 1903. 

Manus River near Stamford, Conn., 1903.

BYRAM RIVER BASIN.

Byram River, West Branch (head of Byram River), near Port Chester, N. Y., 1903. 

Byram River at Pemberwick, Conn., 1903.

East Branch of Byram River near Greenwich, Conn., 1903.

Middle Branch of Byram River near Riverville, Conn., 1903.

HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Corinth, N.' Y., 1904-1912. 

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., 1912- 

Hudson River at Fort Edward, N. Y., 1899-1908. 

Hudson River at Mechanjcville, N. Y., 1890- 

Cedar River near Indian.Lake, N. Y., 1911- 

Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake,- N. Y., 1900- 

-Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1912-1914; 1915- 

Schroon Lake (on Schroou River) at Pottersville, N. Y., 1908-1911. 

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., 1907-,, 

Schroon River at Warrensburg, N. Y., 1895-1902. 

Sacandaga River at Wells, N. Y., 1907-1911. 

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., 1911- 

Sacandaga River at Northville; N. Y., 1907-1910. 

Sacandaga River near Hadley, N. Y., 1907-1910. 

Sacandaga River (at cable) at Hadley, N. Y., 1911- 

Sacandaga River at Union Bag & Paper Co.'s mill at Hadley, N, Y., 1909-1911.

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Whitehouse, N. Y., 1910,

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y., 1911- 

Batten Kill at Battenville, N. Y., 1908. 

Fish Creek at Burgoyne, N. Y., 1905; 1908. 

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., 1910- 

Hoosic River at Buskirk, N. Y., 1903-1908. 

Mohawk River, at Ridge Mills, near Rome, N. Y., 1898-1900. 

Mohawk River at Utica, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Mohawk River at Little Falls,. N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912- 

Mohawk River at Rocky Rift dam', near Indian Castle, N. Y., 1901. 

Mohawk River at Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1912. 

Mohawk River at Schenectady, N. Y., 1899-1901. 

Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., 1913- 

Mohawk River at Dunsbach Ferry, N. Y., 1898-1909.

Ninemile Creek at Stittville, N. Y., 1898-99.

Oriskany Creek at Coleman, N. Y., 1904-1906.

Oriskany Creek at Wood-road bridge near Oriskany, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Oriskany Creek at State dam near Oriskany, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Saquoit Creek at New York Mills, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Nail Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1904.

Reels Creek near Deerfield, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Reels Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1901-2.

Johnson Brook at Deerfield, N. Y., 1903-1905.
XH STEEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Hudson River tributaries Continued.

Mohawk River tributaries Continued. *' Starch Factory Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Graefenberg Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Sylvan Glen Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906.

West Canada Creek at Wilmurt, N. Y., 1912-13.

West Canada Creek'at Twin Rock bridge, near Trenton Falls, N. Y., 

1900-1909.

West Canada Creek at Poland, N. Y., 1913.

West Canada Creek at Middleville, N. Y., 1898-1901.

West Canada Creek at East Bridge, N. Y., 1905-1909; 1912-13.

East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Caroga Creek 3 miles above junction with Mohawk River, N. Y., 1898-99.

Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, N. Y., 1899-1900.

Schoharie Creek at Pratteville, N. Y., 1902-1913.

Schoharie Creek at Schoharie Falls, above Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1901.,

Schoharie Creek at Mill Point, N.. Y., 1900-1903.

Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal aqueduct, below Fort Hunter, N. Y., J900.

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y., 1913- 

Quacken Kill at Quackenkill, N. Y., 1894. 

Normans Kill at Frenchs Mill, N. Y., 1891.

Kinderhook Creek at Wilsons dam, near Garfield, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at East Nassau, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at Rossman, N. Y., 1906-1909; 1911-1914. 

Catskill Creek at South Cairo, N. Y., 1901-1907. 

Esopus Creek at Olivebridge, N. Y., 1903-4. 

Esopus Creek near Olivebridge, N. Y., 1906-1913. 

Esopus Creek at Kingston, N. Y., 1901-1909. 

Esopua Creek at Mount Marion, N. Y., 1907-1913. 

Rondout Creek at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 1906-1913.

Diversion to Delaware and Hudson Canal at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 

1906.

Wallkill River at Newpaltz, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Wappinger Creek at Wappinger Falls, N. Y., 1903-1905. 

Fishkill Creek at Glenham, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Foundry Brook at Cold Spring, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Croton River at Croton dam, near Croton Lake, N. Y., 1870-1899,

PASSAIC RIVER BASIN.

Passaic River at Millington, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Passaic River near Chatham, N. J., 1902-1911. 

Passaic River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J.; 1901-1903. 

Rockaway River at Boonton, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Pompton Plains, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Ramapo River near Mahwah, N. J., 1903-1906; 1908. 

Wanaque River at Wanaque, N. J., 1903-1905.

RARITAN RIVER BASIN.

Raritan River, South Branch (head of Raritan River), at Stanton, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Raritan River at Finderne, N. J., 1903-^907. 

Raritan River at Boundbrook, N. J., 1903-1909,

North Branch of Raritan River at Pluckemin, N. J., 1903-1906.

Millstone River at Millstone, N. J., 1903-4..
STBEAM-GAGIHG STATIONS. Sill

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN.

Delaware River, East Branch (head of Delaware River), at Fish's Eddy, N. Y., 1912- 

Delaware River, East Branch, at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912. 

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1904- 

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., 1906- 

Delaware River at Lambertville, N. J., 1897-1908.

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., 1913-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., 1912-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912.

Mongaup River near Rio, N. Y., 1909-1913.

Neversink River afr Godeffroy, N. Y., 1903; 1909-10; 1911-1914.

Neversink River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1902-3.

Paulins Kill at Columbia, N. J., 1908-9.

Lehigh River at South Bethlehem, Pa., 1902-1905; 1909-1913.

Lehigh River at Easton, Pa., 1909.

Musconetcong River at Asbury, N. J., 1903.

Musconetcong River near Bloomsbury, N. J., 1903-1907.

Tohickon Creek at Point Pleasant, Pa., 1883-1889; 1901-1913.

Neshaminy Creek below Forks, Pa., 1884-1913.

Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pa., 1898-1912. 

PerMomen Creek near Frederick, Pa., 1884-1913. 

Wissahickon Creek near Philadelphia, Pa., 1897-1902; 1905-6.

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN.

Susquehanna River at Colliersville, N. Y., 1907-8. 

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., 1912- 

Susquehanna River at Binghampton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Susquehanna River at Wysox, Pa., 1908-9. 

Susquehanna River at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Danville, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., 1891-1913. 

Susquehanna River at McCall Ferry, Pa., 1902-1909. ' 

Chenango River at South Oxford, N. Y., 1903.

Chenango River near Greene, N. Y., 1908. , Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1912- 

, Chenango River at Binghampton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Eaton'Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Madison Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Tioughnioga River at Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1903. 

. Cayuta Creek at Waverly, N. Y., 1898-1902. (Data in Water-Supply Paper 109

only.) .

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., 1903- (Data for period prior to 1905 published in Water-Supply Paper 109.)

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Williamsport, Pa., 1895-1913. 

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Allenwood, Pa., 1899-1902. 

Juniata River at Newport, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Broad Creek at Mill Green, Md., 1905-1909. 

Octoraro Creek at Rowlandsville, Md., 1896-1899. 

Deer Creek near Churchville, Md., 1905-1909.

GUNPOWDER RIVER BASIN. \

Gunpowder Falls at Glencoe, Md., 1905-1909.

Little Gunpowder Falls near Belair, Md., 1905-1909.
XTV STREAM-GAGING ^TATIONS.

PATAPSCO RIVEK BASIN.

Patapsco River at Woodstock, Md., 1896-1909.

PATTJXBNT KIVEK BASIN. '

Patuxent Kiver near Burtonsville, Md., 1911-12; 1913- 

Patuxent Kiver at Laurel, Md., 1896-18981.

POTOMAC KIVER BASIN.

Potomac River, North, Branch (head of Potomac River), at Piedmont, W. Va.,

1899-1906.

Potomac River, North Branch, at Cumberland, Md., 1894-1897. 

Potomac River at Great Cacapon, W. Va., 1895.

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., 1895- v 

Potomac River at Great Falls, Md., 1886-1891. 

Potomac River at Chain Bridge, near Washington, D. C., 1892-1895. 

Savage River at Bloomington, Md., 1905-6. 

Georges Creek at Westernport, Md., 1905-6. 

Wills Creek near Cumberland, Md., 1905-6.

South Branch of Potomac River near Springfield, W. Va., 1894-1896; 1899-1906. 

Opequan Creek near Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905-6. 

Tuscarora Creek at Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905. 

Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Md., 1897-1905. 

North River (head of South Fork of Shenandoah River, which is continuation of

main stream) at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

South Fork of Shenandoah River near Front Royal, Va., 1899-1906. 

Shenandoah River at Millville, W. Va., 1895-1909. 

Cooks Creek at Mount Crawford, Va., 1905-6. 

Middle River:

Lewis Creek near Staunton, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Basic City, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

Elk Run at Elkton, Va., 1905-6. 

Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Va., 1905-6.

North Fork of Shenandoah River near Riverton, Va., 1899-1906. 

Passage Creek at Buckton, Va., 1905-6. 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., 1896- 

Goose Creek near Leesburg, Va., 1909-1912. 

Rock Creek at Zoological Park, D. C., 1897-1900. 

Rock Creek at Lyons Mill, B.C., 1892-1894. 

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., 1913-

BAPPAHANNOCK EIVER BASIN.

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., 1907-
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. - XV

REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF NORTH ATLANTIC COAST.1

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899.

99 pp., 13 pis. 15c. (

, Describes the principal rivers of New York and their more important tributaries, and gives 

data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

*25. Water resources of the State qf New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899.

100 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Contains discussion of water storage projects on Genesee and Hudson rivers, power development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter on the use 

and value of the water power of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the water yield 

of sand areas of Long Island.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pis. 

15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams, including St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, 

Connecticut, Housatonic, Hudson, Mohawk, Delaware, Lehigh, SchuylkiU, Susquehanna, 

Juniata, Potomac, and James rivers.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana),

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary 'list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (NebraskaWyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. Revised edition published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

*69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 

20c. '

Discusses briefly the geology and forests of Maine and in somewhat greater detail the drainage 

areas, lake storage, and water powers of the St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Presumpscot, Saco, and St. John rivers, and the minor coastal streams; mentions also developed 

tidal powers.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the water of Raritan, Passaic, and 

Hudson rivers and their tributaries and the damage resulting from pollution.

76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1903. 108 pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes methods of measuring stream flow in open channels and under ice, and the quality 

of the river water as determined by tests of turbidity, color, alkalinity, and permanent hardness'. The streams considered are Catskill, Esopus, Rondout, and Fishkill creeks, and Wallkfll, 

Tenmile, and Housatonic rivers. f

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

.. 1903. 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and Ohio 

River basins; contains many analyses.

i For stream-measurement reports see tables on pages v and vi.
XVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. Hollister and M. O. Leighton. 1903. 56pp., 

15 pis. 15c.

Describes the topography of the area drained by the Passaic and its principal tributaries; 

discusses flood flow and losses caused by the floods, and makes comparison with previous floods; 

suggests construction of dam at Mountain View to control flood flow. See also No. 92.

92. The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. 0. Leighton. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 5c. 

Discusses flood damages and preventive measures. See No. 88.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on the wells and springs of the New England States and New York. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 

pp., 4 pis. 5c. *

Describes the physiography, stratigrapnic geology, rainfall, streams, ponds, springs, deep and 

v artesian wells, and public water supplies of the area mapped on the Germantown, Norristown, 

Philadelphia, and Chester atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey; compares quality 

of Delaware and Schuykill River waters.

108. Quality of water in the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by M. O. Leighton, 

with an introductory chapter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister.

1904. 76pp., 4 pis. 15c.

109. Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and 

, R. H, Anderson. 1905. 215 pp., 29 pis. 25c.

The scope of No. 108 is sufficiently indicated by its title. No. 109 describes the physical features 

of the area drained by the Susquehanna and its tributaries, contains the results of measurements 

of flow at the gaging stations, and discusses precipitation, floods, low. water, and water power.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller,

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports on water resources, surface and underground, of districts, in tho North 

Atlantic slope drainage basins, as shown by the following list:

Drilled wells of the Triassic area of the Connecticut Valley, by W. H. C. Pynchon.

Triassic rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply, by M. L. Fuller. Scope 

indicated by title.

Water resources of the Taconic quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, by F. B. 

Taylor. Discusses rainfall, drainage, water powers, lakes and ponds, underground waters, and 

mineral springs; also quality of spring water as indicated by chemical and sanitary analyses of 

Sand Spring, near Williamstown.

Water resources of the Watkins Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr. Discusses 

the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality as indicated by examination of Sixmile and Fall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water at Ithaca.

Water resources of the central and southwestern highlands of New Jersey, by Laurence La 

Forge.' Treats of population, industries, climate, and soils, lakes, ponds, swamps and rivers, 

mineral springs (with analyses), water power, and the Morris Canal; present and prospective 

sources and quality of municipal supplies.

Water resources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by George 

W. Stose. Describes streams and springs.

Water resources of the Curwensville, Patton, Ebensburg, and Barnesboro quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. Treats briefly of surface and underground waters and their use for 

municipal supplies; gives analyses of waters at Cresson Springs.

Water resources of the Accident and Grantsville quadrangles, Maryland, by G. C. Martin.

Water resources of the Frostburg and Flintstone quadrangles, Maryland and West Virginia, by 

G. C. Martin.

% /

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports on water supplies of the North Atlantic States as follows: 

Maine, by W. S. Bayley. 

New Hampshire, by M. L. Fuller. 

Vermont, by G. H. Perkins. , 

Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by W. O. Crosby. 

Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory. 

New York, by F. B. Weeks. 

New Jersey, by G. N. Knapp.
 STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XVH

Pennsylvania, by M. L. Fuller.

Delaware, by N. H. Barton.

Maryland, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

District of Columbia, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

Virginia, by N. H. Barton and M. L. Fuller.

Each of these reports discusses the resources of the public and private water supplies and 

related subjects, and gives list of pertinent publications; mineral springs are listed and sales of 

mineral water are reported.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c. 

Contains chapter' on measurement of rate of underflow on Long Island, N. Y.

1447 The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc. 

Bfscusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains several brief reports relating chiefly to areas in the North Atlantic coast drainage 

basins, as follows:

Water resources of the Portsmouth-York region, New Hampshire and Maine, by George Otis 

Smith. Gives results of investigations made for the War Department to determine water supplies available for forts at mouth of harbor.

Water supply from glacial gravels near Augusta, Maine, by George Otis Smith. Describes 

the Silver Lake system of ponds near Augusta-and the series of springs at the head of Spring 

Brook. , '

Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and 

Pennsylvania, by George W. Stose and George C. Martin. Describes rocks, springs, and streams 

in the area, at the northernmost bend of the Potomac; discusses history of development, character of water (with analysis), flow, and origin of Berkeley Springs.

Water of a gravel-filled valley near Tully, N. Y., by Ge'orge B. Hollister. Describes character 

of the sands and gravels, the volume of the springs issuing from them, deposits of tufa, the waters 

of the lakes, and the composition of the spring and lake waters; analyses.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c. ' 

Describes floods on Susquehanna and Mohawk rivers and near Johnstown, Pa.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or .more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

New York, by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c. 

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

, *162. Destructive floods in the United States'in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in North Atlantic slope drainage basins as follows: Flood on 

Poquonnock River, Connecticut, by T. W. Norcross; flood on the Unadilla and Chenango rivers, 

New York, by R. E. Horton and C. C. Covert; also estimates of flood discharge and frequency 

on Kennebec, Androscoggin, Merrimack, Connecticut, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, and Potomac rivers; gives index to literature on floods on American streams.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, with a history of the sewagedisposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 

pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.
XVIH STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

*192. The Potomac River basin (Geographic history; Rainfall and stream flow; Pollution, typhoid fever, and character of water; Relation of soils and forest 

cover to quality and quantity of surface water; Effect of industrial wastes 

on fishes), by H. N. Parker, Bailey Willis, R.H. Bolster, W. W. Ashe, and 

M. C. Marsh. 1907. 364 pp., 10 pis. 60c. 

Scope Indicated by title.

*198. Water resources of the Kennebec River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows, with a 

section on the quality of Kennebec River water, by G. C. Whipple. 1907. 

235 pp. 7 pis. 30c.

Describes physical characteristics and geology of the basin, the flow of the streams, evaporation, floods, developed and undeveloped water powers, water storage, log driving, and lumbering; under quality of water discusses effect of tides, pollution, and the epidemic of typhoid 

fever in 1902-3; contains gazetteer of rivers, lakes, and ponds.

*223. Underground waters of southern Maine, by F. G. Clapp, with records of deep 

wells, by W. S. Bayley. 1909. 268 pp., 24 pis. 55c.

Describes physiography, rivers, water-bearing rocks, amount, source, and temperature of the 

ground waters, recovery of waters by springs, collecting galleries and tunnels, and wells; discusses well-drilling methods, municipal water supplies, and the chemical composition of the 

ground waters; gives details for each county.

232. Underground-water resources of Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory, with a study of 

the occurrence of water in crystalline rocks, by E. E. Ellis. 1909. 200 pp. 

5 pis. 20c.

Describes physiographic features, drainage, forests, climate, population and Industries, and 

rocks; circulation, amount, temperature, and contamination of ground water; discusses the 

ground waters of the crystalline rocks, the Triassic sandstones and traps, and the glacial drift; the 

quality of the ground waters (with analyses); well construction; temperature, volume, char- 

'acter, uses, and production of spring waters.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Androseoggin,

Hudson, Raritan, Delaware, Susquehanna, Lehigh, Potomac, and Shenandoah rivers.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson,

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains four brief reports pertaining especially to districts in the North Atlantic coastdrainage 

area:

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the slates of Maine, by F. G. Clapp. Analyses. 

< Occurrence and composition of well waters in the granites of New England, by F. G. Clapp.

Discusses proportion of successful wells and water supply and depth. Analyses.

Composition of mineral springs in Maine, by F. G. Clapp.

Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, by Samuel Sanford.

Underground waters near Manassas> Va., by F. G. Clapp.

279. Water resources of the Penobscot River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows and 

C. C. Babb. 1912. 285 pp., 19 pis. 65c.

Describes the topography, drainage, geology, forests, population, industries, transportation 

lines, and precipitation in the basin; gives results of investigations of stream flow at gaging 

stations; discusses relation of run-off to precipitation, evaporation, floods, low water, developed 

and undeveloped water powers, storage, log driving, and lumbering; contains gazetteer of rivers, 

lakes, and ponds.

374. Ground water in the Hartford, Stamford, Salisbury, Willimantic, and Saybrook 

areas, Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory and A. J. Ellis. 1916. 150 pp., 

s 13 pis. 30c.

Describes occurrence of ground water, methods of developing, and requirements for municipal 

use. Gives, by towns, a description of the surface and ground water and of the public water 

supp!y» and records of wells and springs.

397. Ground waterin the Waterbury area, Connecticut, by A. J. Ellis, under direction 

" of H. E. Gregory. 1916. 73 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Describes the geology of the area, the occurrence of ground water, its use for private and municipal supply, and methods of developing. Discusses under towns the population and industries, 

topography, water-bearing formations, surface and ground water, and public supplies, and 

gives records of wells and springs.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

415. Surface waters of Massachusetts, by C. H. Pierce and H. J, Dean. 1916. 433 

pp., 12 pis. 45c.

A compilation of available stream-flow data, including the classic records collected on the 

Merrimack at Lowell and Lawrence, on the Connecticut at Holyoke, and on the Cochituate at 

Sudbury, by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board, as well as records covering shorter 

periods; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

424. Surface waters of Vermont, by C. H. Pierce. In press April, 1917.

A compilation of available stream-flow data; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth 

of Vermont.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SOTEBTNTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-85, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxix, 570 pp., 65 pis. Cloth $2.00. Contains:

* Sea-coast swamps of the eastern United States, by N. S. Shaler. pp. 353-398. Describesthe 

coast swamps of New England; discusses economic problems connected with marine swamps; 

gives a detailed account of selected areas of salt marsh lands, and a list of the principal areas of 

salt marshes between the Hudson River and Portland, Maine.

*Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. Pt. I Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. Cloth $2.35. 

Contains:

* General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal-Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, pp. 255-339, Pis. 6 

to 19. Scope indicated by title.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt..II. Accompanying 

. papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. Cloth $2.10. Contains:

* The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional 

papers are of quarto size.

*44. Underground-water resources of Long Island, N. Y., by A. C. Veatch, C. S. 

Slichter, Isaiah Bowman, W. O. Crosby, and R. E". Horton. 1906. 394 pp., 

34 pis. $1.25. ' 

Describes the geologic formations, the source of the ground waters, and requisite conditions 

for flowing wells; the springs, streams, ponds, and lakes; artesian and deep wells; fluctuation 

of ground-water table; blowing wells; waterworks; discusses measurements of velocity of 

underflow, the results of sizing and filtration tests, and the utilization of stream waters; gives 

well records and notes (with chemical analyses) concerning representative wells. 

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers' 

so marked may be purchased from the SOTEBTNTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

, *138. Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 

1896. 232pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions afleeting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geologic 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list 

of the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that follow the tabulated 

lists contain many well sections and analyses of the waters.
XX STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

264: Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia, and detailed records of wells at Pleasantville and 

Atlantic Highlands, N. J., and Tully, N. Y. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Connecticut, Delaware; Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia, and detailed 

records of wells in Newcastle County, Del.; Cumberland County, Maine; Anne Arundel,,St. 

Mary, and Talbot counties, Md.; Hampshire County, Mass.; Monmouth County, N. J.; 

Saratoga County, N. Y.; and Lycoming and Somerset counties, Pa. The wells of which 

x detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages' of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roacls, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water maps show the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They will be sold at 

the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate 

applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library 

edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells 

for 25 cents, a. copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 185 and higher numbers 

sells for 50 cents a copy, except folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a c6py. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters incon1 Index maps showing areas in the North Atlantic slope basins covered by topographic maps and by 

geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXI

nection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the utilization of the water resources. 

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*13. Fredericksburg, Virginia-Maryland, 1894. 5c. 

23. Nomini, Maryland-Virginia, 1896. 5c.

*70. Washington, District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia, 1901.

*83. New York City (Paterson, Harlem, Staten Island, and Brooklyn quadrangles), 

New York-New Jersey, 1902. 

Discusses the present and future water supply of New York City.

136. St. Marys, Maryland-Virginia, 1906. 5c. 

Discusses artesian wells.

137. Dover, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey, 1906. 5c.

Describes the shallow and deep wells used as sources of water supply; gives section of well at 

Middletown, Del.

149. Penobscot Bay, Maine, 1907. 5c.

Describes the wells and springs; gives analysis of spring water from North Bluehill.

152. Patuxent, Maryland-District of Columbia, 1907. 5c. 

Discusses the springs, shallow wells, and artesian wells.

*157. Passaic, New Jersey-New York, 1908.

Discusses the underground water of the quadrangle, including the cities of Newark, Hoboken, 

Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Passaic, Plainfield, Rahway, and Perth Amboy, and a portion 

of the city of New York; gives a list of the deep borings in the New Jersey portion of the quadrangle, and notes concerning wells on Staten Island, Long Island, Hoffman Island, and Governors Island.

158. Rocklafld, Maine, 1908. 5c.

Describes the water supply in Knox County, Maine, of which Rockland is the principal city; 

discusses the water obtained from wells 'drilled in limestone and granite, and the city water supply 

of Camden, Rockport, Rockland, and Thomaston.

160. Acciderit-Grantsville, Maryland-Pennsylvania-West Virginia, 1908. 5c.

Under "Mineral Resources" the folio describes Youghiogheny and Castleman rivers, Savage 

River, and Georges Creek, and the spring waters; notes possibility of obtaining artesian 'water.

*161. Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, 1908.

Describes the streams, water powers, and ground waters of a district in northwestern New 

Jersey, mainly in Sussex County but including also a small part of Morris County; gives tabulated list of water powers and of bored wells.

*162. Philadelphia (Norristown, Germantown, Chester, and Philadelphia quadrangles), Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware, 1909.

Describes the underground waters of the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal Plain, and gives 

a tabulated list of wells; discusses the water supply of Philadelphia and Camden, also suburban towns; gives analysis of filtered water of Pickering Creek.

167. Trenton, New Jersey-Pennsylvania, 1 1909. 5c.

Describes streams tributary to Raritan and Delaware rivers (including estimates of capacity 

with and without storage) and the springs and wells; discusses also the public water supply of 

Trenton and suburban towns. '

169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York, 1909. 5c.

Describes the rivers, which include tributaries of the Susquehanna and the St. Lawrence, the 

lakes and swamps, and, under "Economic geology," springs and shallow and deep wells; discusses also water supply at Ithaca.

170. Mercersburg-Chambersburg, Pennsylvania,2 1909. 5c.

Describes the underground waters, including limestone springs, sandstone springs, and 

wells, and mentions briefly the sources of the water supplies of the principal towns.

182. Choptank, Maryland, 1912.2 5c.

The Choptank quadrangle includes the entire width of Chesapeake Bay and portions of many 

large estuaries.

1 Octavo edition only.

2 Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches) and octavo (6 by 9 inches). Specify edition 

desired.

604ll° WSP 401 17 12
XXII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

189. Barnesboro-Patton, Pennsylvania, 1913. 25c.

Discusses the water supply of various towns in the quadrangle.

191. Raritan, New Jersey, 1 1914.

Discusses briefly the^urface and ground waters of the quadrangle, the quality, and the utilization of streams for power; gives analysis of water from Raritan River and from Schooley Mountain Spring near Hackettstown.

192. Eastport, Maine, 1914. 25c.

Includes brief account of the water supply of the quadrangle and of the utilization of streams 

for power.

MISCELLANEOUS EEPOETS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have, 

from time to time, published reports relating to the water resources 

of various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the North-Atlantic States are the reports of the Maine State Water 

Storage Commission (Augusta), the New Hampshire Forestry Commission (Concord), the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 

(Boston, Mass.), the New York State Water-Supply Commission 

(Albany), the New York State Conservation Commission (Albany), 

the New York State engineer and surveyor (Albany), the various 

commissions on water supply of New York City, the Geological 

Survey of New Jersey (Trenton), State boards of health, and the 

Tenth Census (vol. 16).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Water power of Maine, by Walter Wells, Augusta, 1869.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by G. W. Rafter: New York State Museum 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey 

Bull. 3, 1906.

Underground-water resources of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel 

Sanford: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G. C. Stevens: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 

10,1916.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

commissions, and most of them can be consulted in the public libraries 

of the larger cities.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by 

drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

1 Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches), 25c., and octavo (6 by 9 inches), 50c. Specify edition 

desired.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. . XXIII

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter.- 1897. 100pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.)

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc. 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several types, 

and discusses results,

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resum^ of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Describes briefly topography, climate, rivers, irrigation methods, soDs, forestation, water 

power, and transportation facilities.

*41. The windmill: Its efficiencyand economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901.

72 pp., 14 pis. 

*42. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901.

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pis. 

15c.

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States, also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams. Arrangement geographic. Many river profiles are scattered through other 

reports on surface waters in various parts of the United States.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64,94, and 95.

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis.

(See No. 95.) lOc.

 Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.,

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surface and deep zones

of flow, and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and

position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well; describes

I artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect 

on inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

77. The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 

1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Describes briefly the topography, geology, coral reefs, climate, soils, vegetation, forests, fauna 

of the island, the springs, running streams, and wells, and discusses the utilization of the surface 

and underground waters.
XXIV STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off. > 87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis.

25c. 

. First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived from 

different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollutioa statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiments relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential condition of artesian flows, 

and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt. 1905.. 115 pp., 4 pi. lOc. 

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. '

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXV

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of saud to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, Sau Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results of 

tesljs of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc. 

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905.

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects', by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by B. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D, W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and area of cross section.

150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Sorton. 1906. 189 

pp., .38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

' Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron 

 hlorides, and hardness in connection1 with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the-United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special referenqe to Long Island, 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

1 temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.
XXVI STBEAM-GAGIFG STATIONS.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104pp., Ipl.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest: 

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pile. 15c.

163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated "by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc. 

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, with a history of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 

pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and'recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification by intermittent sand nitration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby,, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi. 

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acidiron wastes, and other processes for disposal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of amounts 

and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary district of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*196. Water supply of Nome region, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 1906, by J. C. Hoyt 

and F. F. Henshaw. 1907. 52 pp., 6 pis. 15c.

Gives results of measurements of flow of Alaskan streams; discusses available water supply for 

ditch and pipe lines and power development; presents notes for investors.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.
STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXVII,

*218. Water-supply investigations in Alaska, 1906-7 (Nome and Kougarok regions, 

Seward Peninsula; Fairbanks district, Yukon-Tanana region), by F. F. 

Henshaw and C. C. Covert. 1908. 156pp., 12 pis. 25c. 

Describes the drainage basins, gives results of observations at the gaging stations, and discusses 

the water supply of the ditch and pipe lines, and possibilities of development; gives also meteorological records.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading, 

to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

228. Water-supply investigations of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, 1907 and 1908, 

Fairbanks, Circle, and Rampart districts, by C. C. Covert and C. E. Ellsworth. 1909. 108 pp., 7 pis. 20c.

Describes the drainage basins; gives results of observations at gaging stations; discusses the 

water supplies of the ditch and pipe lines and possibilities of hydraulic development.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching, and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rone" 

Tavernier and M. 0. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c. * 

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French parliament reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of 'the French department of agriculture, 

and gives re'sume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

255. Underground .waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells

and cisterns.

257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15e.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water and artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the* 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of staking 

wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.
XXVITI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G.

Clapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B.

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, the 

source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, and chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The 

underground waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888- 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp. lOc.

314. Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. F. Henshaw and 

G. L. Parker, with a sketch of the geography and geology by P. S. Smith, 

and a description of methods of placer mining by A. H. Brooks. 1913. 

317 pp., 17 pis. 45c. 

Contains results of work at gaging stations.

315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.

318. Water resources of Hawaii, 1909-1911, by W. F. Martin and C. H. Pierce. 1913. 

552 pp., 15 pis. 50c.

Describes the general features of the islands and gives results of measurements of .streams and 

of observations of rainfall and evaporation; contains gazetteer and a glossary of Hawaiian words 

in common use.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earner floods), by A. H. Hofton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses-also the causes 

of floods and the prevention, of damage by floods.

336. Water resources of Hawaii, 1912, by C. H. Pierce and G. K. Larrison. 1914. 

392 pp. 50c. 

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1912.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 pis. 

15c. 

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

342. Surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, by C. E. EJlsworth 

and R. W. Davenport. 1915. 343 pp., 13 pie. 45c.

Presents results of six years' observations of-the water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 

discusses climate and precipitation, and gives station records.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c.

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. E. Hall, 

W. B. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. 5c. Scope indicated by title.

(f) The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, by E. A. Porter and R. W. Davenport, 

pp. 67-77, pis. 4 and 5. 5c. Describes briefly the location and size of the Yukon basin, the climatic 

conditions in the basin, and methods of collecting hydrometric data; compares run-off with precipitation, and gives table showing the discharge of some of the large rivers in the United States 

as compared with the discharge of the Yukon and the Nile.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS. XXIX

. 364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c. 

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and Arizona, 

and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing recording and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

372. A water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska, by 0. E. Ellsworth and 

R. \fr. Davenport, with a section on southeastern Alaska, by J. C. Hoyt. 1915. 

173 pp., 22 pis. 20c.

373. Water resources of Hawaii, 1913, by G. K. Larrison. 1915. 190 pp. 20c.

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1913. 

375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis.

(c) Relation of stream^ gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H. 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer, 

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c. 

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Kolston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Ohattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of de'bris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to th« 

stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de'bris." 

A highly technical report.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

, Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

284. Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Puller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Puller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.
XXX ST-EEAM-GAGING STATIONS.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica 

in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. 

Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pla. |2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin,' pp. 125 to 

173, PL 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

^Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, Pis. 107 to 146. See Water-supply Paper

87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. Pt. Ill Irrigation, 

xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, C. E., pp. 101-349, Pis. Ill to 146. 

Discusses the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief 

history and legislation; describes canals; discusses watpr storage at reservoirs of the California and 

other projects, subsurface sources of supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director, 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II Accompanying papers, 

y.x, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, Pis, 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II Papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v, 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, Pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks; the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through rigid, porous media and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growm of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc:

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, PL 

17. Scope indicated by title.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS.

Twentieth Annual Eeport of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1899. (Parts II, III, IV, V, and VII, 1900.) 7 parts 

in 8 vols. and separate case of maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV Hydrography, vii, 

660 pp., 75 pis. $1.40. Contains:

"Hydrography of Nicaragua, by A. P. Davfe, pp. 563-637, Pis. 64 to 75. Describes the topographic features of the boundary, the lake basin, and Rio San Joan; gives a brief r&ume* of 

the boundary dispute; discusses rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity, evaporation, 

resources, and productions, the ship, railway and canal projects; gives the history of the investigations by the Canal Commission, and results of measurements on the Rio Grande, on streams 

tributary to Lake Nicaragua, and on Rio San Juan and its tributaries.

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) .4 parts. Pt. IV 

Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. $2.20. Contains:

* Hydrography of the American Isthmus, by A. P. Davis, pp. 507-630, Pis. 37 to 50. 

Describes the physiography, temperature, rainfall, and winds of Central America; discusses the 

hydrography of the Nicaragua Canal route and the Panama Canal route; gives estimated monthly 

discharges of many of the streams, and rainfall and evaporation tables at various points.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper; 

GF= Geologic folio. For titles see preceding pages.]

Alaska: Surface waters.......................... W196, 218,228,314, 342, 345/, 372

Artesian waters: Essential conditions.................. A 5; B 319; P 44; W 67, 114

Bibliographies »............................. J............... W 119, 120, 163, 280

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation.... W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479

Connecticut: Quality of waters; pollution................... W 79,144, 232, 374, 397

Surface waters............................................... W 162

Underground waters...... W 57, 102, 110, 149, 232, 374, 397; B 264, 298

Conservation........................................................ W 234, 400«

Cuba: Surface, underground, and quality of waters......................... W 110

Debris investigation....................................................... P 86

Delaware: Quality of waters........................................ W 258; B 138

Underground waters.............. W 57,114,149; B 138, 298; GF 137,162

District of Columbia: Quality of waters; pollution.............. W 192, 236; B 138

Surface waters................................... W 162, 192

Underground waters........ W 57, 114, 149; B 138; GF 70, 152

Engineering methods .......................... W 1, 3, 8, 20,41, 42, 43, 56, 64,94, 95,

110,143,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, e, f, 400c, 400d 

Floods.................................................... W 88, 92, 147, 162,334

Hawaiian Islands: Surface waters.............................. W 77, 318, 336, 373

India: Irrigation.................................................... A 12; W 87

Ice measurements.................................................... W 187, 337

Irrigation, general........................... A 12ii, 13iii; W20, 22, 41, 42, 87,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters.................................. W 103,152,194, 238

. Underground waters........................................ W 122

Maine: Quality of waters; pollution.......... W 144, 198, 223, 236, 258; GF 149, 158

Surface waters.................................... A 6; W 69, 162, 198, 279

Underground waters............................................... W 57,

102,114,145,149, 223, 258; B 264, 298; GF 149,158,192 

Maryland: Quality of waters; pollution, etc................... W 145, 192, 236, 258

Surface waters............................................ W 162, 192

Underground waters............................................. W 57,

114,145,149; B 138, 298; GF 13,23, 70,136,137,152,160,182 

Massachusetts: Quality of waters; pollution........................ W 79, 144, 185

Surface waters ............................................ W 415

Underground waters.................... W 102, 110,114, 149; B 298

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14, ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc................................. A 14, ii

Lists............................................... B32; W 114

Motions of ground waters...................... A 19, ii; B 319; W 67, 110, 140,155

New Hampshire: Quality of waters; pollution............................... W H4

Underground waters.......... W 61, 102, 114, 145, 149; B 264,218

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

2 Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracte.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS. XXXIII

New Jersey: Quality of waters; pollution.................................... W 79,

110, 236, 258; B 138; GF 137, 157, 162, 167 

Surface waters........................ W 79, 88, 92, 110, 162; GF 191

Underground waters.......................................... W 61,

110,114,149;*B 138, 264, 298; GF 83,137,157,161,162,167,191

New York: Quality of waters; pollution, etc. W 72, 76, 79,110,144,145,236; P 44; B138 

Surface waters........................ W 24,25,44,76,110,147,162; P 44

Underground waters. ........................................ W 57, 61,

110,114,140,145,149,155; GF 83,157,169; P 44; B 138,264,298 

Nicaragua: Surface waters.......................................... A 20 iv, 22 iv

Panama: Surface waters...:.............................................. A 22 iv

Pennsylvania: Quality of waters; pollution................................. W 79,

106,108,110,145,236; GF 162,167,170,189 

Surface waters....... W 108,109,110,147,162; GF 160,162,167,189

Underground waters......................................... W 61,

106,110,114,145,149; GF 160,162,167,170,189; B 264, 298 

Pollution: By industrial wastes......................... W 79,179,, 186,189, 226, 235

By sewage................................................ W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding........................................... W 103,152

Indices of................................................. W. 144,160

Profiles of rivers....................................................... W 44,115

Puerto Rico: Surface waters and irrigation.................................. W 32

Rhode Island: Quality of waters; pollution............................. W 144,14$ 

Underground waters...................... W 61,102,114; B 264,298

River profiles......................................................... W 44,115

Sanitation: quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................... W 3,22,

72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,185,

186,189,192,194,198, 226, 229,235, 236,255, 258,315

Sewage disposal and purification....................... W 3,22,72,113,185,194,229

Underground waters: Legal aspects........................................ W 122

Methods of utilization....................... W 114, 255,257

Pollution....................... W 110,144,145,160,232,258

Vermont: Quality of waters; pollution.. .................................. W 144

Surface waters................................................. W 424

Underground waters.......................... W102,110,V 114,149; B 298

Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.................... W192,236,258; B 138

Surface waters........................................ A10 i, W162,192

Underground waters........................... W 61,114,149,258; B 138,

264, 298 ;GF 13,23,70,136 

West Virginia: Quality of waters; pollution........................ W 145,1^2,236

Surface waters...!..................................... W 162,192

Underground waters......................... W 61,145,149; QF 160

Windmill papers............................................... W 1,8,20,41,42
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Allagash River, Maine............

Alplaus Kill, N. Y...............

Ammonoosuc River, N. H........

Androscoggin River, Maine, N. H.. 

Androscoggin River, Little, Maine. 

Antietam Creek, Md..............

Aroostook River, Maine...........

Ashuelot River, N. H.............

Auburn Lake, Maine..............

Batten Kill, N. Y................

Beaver Kill, N. Y...............

Blackstone River, R. I............

Borden Brook, Mass..............

Branch Lake, Maine..............

Branch Lake Stream, Maine......

Branch River, R. I...............

Broad Creek, Md.................

Burnshirt River, Mass............

Byram River, Conn..............

Byram River, East Branch, Conn.. 

Byram River, Middle Branch,

Conn...........................

Byram River, West Branch. Conn.. 

Canada-Creek, East, N. Y........

Canada Creek, West, N. Y........

Caroga Creek, N. Y..............

Carrabassett River, Maine........

Catskill Creek, N. Y..............

Cayadutta Creek, N. Y...........

Cayuta Creek, N. Y...............

Cedar River, N. Y................

Charles River, Mass..............

Chemung River, N. Y.............

Chenango River, N. Y.............

Cobbosseecontee Lake, Maine.....

Cobbosseecontee Stream, Maine i.. 

Cochituate Lake, Mass...........

Cold Stream, Maine..............

Cold Stream Pond, Maine........

Concord River, Mass.............

Connecticut River, Mass., N. H.,

Conn...........................

Contoocook River, N; H..........

Cooks Creek, Va.................

Croton River, N. Y...............

(xxxiv)

VII

XII

X

IX

IX

XIV

VII

X

IX

XI

XIII

IX

X

VIII 

VIII

IX 

XIII

X

XI 

XI

XI 

XI 

XII 

XII 

XII 

VIII

XII

xit

XIII 

XI

IX

xin

XIII 

VIII 

VIII

IV 

VIII 

VIII

IV

X

IX 

XIV 

XII

Dead River, Maine...............

Deer Creek, Md.................

Deerfield River, Mass............

Delaware River, N. J., N. Y......

Delaware River, East Branch, N. Y.

Delaware River, West Branch, 

N.Y..........................

Delaware & Hudson Canal, diversion to.........................

East Branch or Fork. See name of 

main stream.

East Canada Creek, N. Y.........

Eaton Brook, N. Y.. ............

Elk Run, Va....................

Esopus Creek, N. Y.... *.........

Farmington River, Mass..........

Fish Creek, N. Y................

Fishkill Creek, N. Y.............

Fish River,' Maine.................

Foundry Brook, N. Y............

Georges Creek, Md;...............

Goose Creek, Va..................

Graefenberg Creek, N. Y..........

Green Lake, Maine................

Green Lake Stream/ Maine.......

Gunpowder Falls, Md............

Gunpowder Falls, Little, Md......

Hawksbill Creek, Va..............

Hoosic River, N. Y...............

Housatonic River, Conn., Mass....

Hudson, River, N. Y..............

Indian Lake reservoir, N. Y......

Indian River, N. Y..............

Israel River, N. H...............

Johnson Brook, N. Y..............

Juniata River, Pa.................

Kenduskeag Stream, Maine........

Kennebec River, Maine...........

Kinderhook Creek, N. Y.........

Lehigh River, Pa................

Lewis Creek, Va..................

Little Androscoggin River, Maine.

Little Gunpowder Falls, Md.......

Little River, N. H...............

Machias River, Maine............

VIII 

XIII

x

XIII 

XIII

XII

XII

XIII

XIV

XII

X

XI

XII

VII

XII

XIV

XIV

xn 

vm

VIII

xm 

xm

XIV 

XI 

X

ii 

x

21

xm

VIII

Vltl

xn

XIJI 

Xlf

IK 

Xit

I

vin
INDEX OF STEEAMS. XXXV

Madawaska River, Maine..........

Madison Brook, N. Y............

Magalloway River, Maine.........

Matfield River, Mass..............

Mattawamkeag River, Maine......

Merrimack River, Mass., N. H....

Messalonskee Stream, Maine......

Mianus River, Conn., N. Y.......

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Middle River, Va................

Millers River, Mass.i..............

Millstone River, N. J..............

'Mohawk Rivet, N. Y..............

Monocacy River, Md..............

Mongaup River, N. Y............

Moose River, Maine...............

Moosehead Lake, Maine...........

Moss Brook, Mass..................

Musconetcong River, N. J.........

Mystic Lake, Mass.................

Nail Creek, N. Y..................

Nashua River, Mass..............

Nashua River, South Branch, Mass. 

Neversink River, N. Y............

Neshaminy Creek, Pa.............

Ninemile Creek, N. Y............

Normans Kill, N. Y...............

North River, Va..................

Occoquan Creek, Va..............

Octoraro Creek, Md................

Opequan Creek, W. Va...........

Oriskany Creek, N. Y............

Orland River, Maine.............

PasBadumkeag Stream, Maine.....

Pasiage Creek, Va................

Passaic River, N. J................

Pasiumpsic River, Vt.............

PaUpsco River, Md...............

Patuxent River, Md...............

Paiiins Kill, N. J.................

Pawcatuck River, R. I. ........

Pa^tuxet River, R. I..... .....

Penigewasset River, N. H..... j..

Peuigewasset River, Middle

Branch, N. H..................

Penobscot River, Maine..........

Perobscot River, East Branch,

Staine.........................

Peiobscot River, West Branch,

lifaine.........................

Peridomen Creek, Pa.............

vn

XIII 

IX 

IX

VIII 

IX

VIII 

XI

XIV

X 

XII

XI 

XIV 

XIII 

VIII 

VIII

X

XIII 

IX 

XI 

IX 

IX

xni

XIII

XI 

XII 

XIV 

XIV

XIII

XIV

XI

VIII

vm

XIVxn*

X

XIV

XIV

XIII

X

X

IX

IX 

VIII

VIII

VIII 

XIII

. . Page.

Phillips L^ke outlet, Maine....... vm

Piscataquis River, Maine......... vm

Pomperaug River, Conn........... x

Pompton River, N. J.............. xn

Potomac River, D. C., Md., W. Va. xiv 

Potomac River, North Branch,

Md.,W.Va.................... xiv

Potomac River, South Branch, W.

Va.................. ^.......... xiv

Presumpscot River, Maine........ ix

Providence River, R. I........... ix

Quaboag River, Mass............. x

Quacken Kill, N. Y.............. xn

Quinebaug River, Conn............ x

Ramapo River, N. J............... xn

Rangeley Lake, Maine............ ix

Rappahannock River, Va......... xiv

Raritan River, N. J.............. xn

Raritan River, North Branch, N. J. xn

Raritan River, South Branch, N. J. xn

Reeds Brook, Maine.............. vm

Reels Creek, N. Y................ xi

Roach River, Maine.............. vm

Rockaway River, N. J............. xn

Rock Creek, D. C................. xiv

Rondout Creek, N. Y............. xn

Sacandaga River, N. Y........... xi

Sacandaga River, West Branch,

N.Y.......................... xi

Saco River, Maine, N .H.......... ix

St. Croix River, Maine........... vn

St. Croix River, West 'Branch,

Maine......................... VH

St. Francis River, Maine......... vn

St. George River, Maine.......... vii}

St. John River, Maine............. vn

Salmon River, Conn............... x

Sandy River, Maine.............. vm

Saquoit Creek, N.Y.............. xi

Satucket River, Mass............. ix

Savage River, Md................. xiv

Schoharie Creek, N. Y............ xn

Schroon Lake, N. Y............... xi

Schroon River, N. Y............. xi

Schuylkill River, Pa.............. xni

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine........ ix

Sebasticook River, Maine......... vm

Seekonk River, R.I............. ix

Shenandoah River, Va........... xiv

Shenandoah River, North Fork,

Va............................ xiv

Shenandoah River, South Fork,

Va........................... xiv
XXXVI INDEX OF STREAMS.

Page. 

Shetucket River, Conn.......... x

South Branch. See name of main

stream. 

South River, Va.................. xiv

Souhegan River, N. H........... ix

Starch Factory Creek, N. Y....... xn

Sud bury River, Mass............ ix

Suncook River, N.H............ ix

Susquehanna River, N. Y., Pa... xm 

Susquehanna River, West Branch,

Pa............................ xm

Swift River, Mass............... x

Sylvan Glen Creek, N. Y......... xn

Tenmile River, N. Y............ x

Tenmile River, R. I.............. ix

Thames River, Conn.............. x

Tioughnioga River, N. Y......... xm

Tohickon Creek, Pa............. xin

Tuscarora Creek, W. Va.......... xiv

Union River, Maine............. vm

Union River, East Branch, Maine, vm

Union,River, West Branch, Maine. vra

Wallkill River, N. Y............. xn

Wanaque River, N. J......... 1.. xn

Wappinger Creek, N. Y........... xn

Ware River, Mass................ x

Webb Brook, Maine.............. vra

West Canada Creek, N. Y........ xn

Westfield Little River, Mass....... x

Westfield River, Mass............. x

Westfield River, Middle Branch,

Mass.......................... x

White River, Vt.................. x

Wills Creek, Md................... xiv

Winnipesaukee Lake, N.H....... ix

Wissahickon Creek, Pa............ xm

Wood River, R.I............... x

Woonasquatucket River, R. I.... ix

Zealand River, N.H............ x

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

o