DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 434

RFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIYER BASIN

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HOHTON, C. C. COVERT, and 

C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with 

STATES OF MINNESOTA. WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary .

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 434

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1916

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and 

C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with 

THE STATES OP MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, NEW YORE, AND VERMONT . *

Water Resources Branch,

Geological Survey,

Box 3106, Capitol Station

Oklahoma Ciky,

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PEOCTJKED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

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AT

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SUBSCKIPTION PRICE, 20 CENTS PER YEAR

V
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms......................................................... 6

Convenient equivalents-................................................... 7

Explanation of data........................................................ 9

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 10

Cooperation.............................................................. 11

Division of work.......................................................... 12

Gaging-station records...................................................... 13

Streams tributary to Lake Superior...................................... 13

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn...................................... 13

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.......................... 14

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.............................. 16

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis........................... 19

Brule River near Brule, Wis........................................ 20

Bad River near Odanah, Wis....................................... 21

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan.................................. 1. 23

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich............................... 23

Menominee River below Koss, Mich................................. 24

Brule River near Florence, Wis.................................... 26

Pine River near Florence, Wis...................................... 27

Pike River at Amberg, Wis......................................... 29

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis...................... 31

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis...................................... 33

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis....................................... 35

Wolf River at New London, Wis....................................... 37

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis........................... 38

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.................................. 40

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis............................... 42

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis.............................. 43

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis.............................. 44

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich................................ 46

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich................................. 47

Streams tributary to Lake Huron....................................... 48

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich............................. 48

Streams tributary to Lake Erie......................................... 49

Huron Jliver at Dexter, Mich....................................... 49

Huron River at Barton, Mich...................................... 50

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.................................... 51

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y............................... 52

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... 54

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y............................ 54

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y........................................ 56

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.-............................... 57

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-statioB records Continued.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued. Page.

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............ 59

Genesee River near Rochester, N. Y................................ 61

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y............................. 63

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y........................ 64

Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y......................... 66

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y................................ 67

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 69

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.............................. 69

West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y........... 71

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.................................... 72

Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................... 73

Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y............................ 75

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y ............. 77

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 78

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................. 80

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y................ 82

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River................................ 85

East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y............ 85

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y............................ 87

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.......................... 87

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y........... 89

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y................................. 91

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y........................... 93

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y............................ 95

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y............................. 97

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, .N. Y........... 98

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y............................... 99

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.............................. 101

West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y................. 104

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.................................. 105

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 107

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt..................................... 108

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................. 117

Dog River at Northfield, Vt....................................... 119

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt................................... 121

Green River at Garfield, Vt......................................... 123

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.................................. 125

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 127

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 128

Index.................................................................... 129

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station................ 10

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez... 11 

III. A, Log jam on Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn.; B, St. Louis River at

Thomson, Minn............................................... 12
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIYER

BASIN, 1916.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OP WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1916.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid west. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1917.

1895............................................................. $12,500

1896 ........................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900,inclusive........................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive........................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906,inclusive........................................... 200,000

1907............................................................. 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive........................................... 100, 000

1911 to 1917,inclusive........................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgements for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,100 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1916, 1,290 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. 

In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to 

precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and 

water power in many sections of the country and will be made available in water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard 

to publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OP TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (pp. 7-9).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing runoff with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determines the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the 

same section or sections at all stages.
CONYENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall 

if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(secondfeet per 

square mile).

1- .........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Run-off in inches.

Iday.

0.03719 

.07438 

.11157 

.14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Ban-off in acre-feet.

Iday.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277,7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ..........

2.. .........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9

Bun-oil in millions of cubic feet.

Iday.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

^0.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 . 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ..........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

Run-off In millions of gallons.

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39 

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20.04 

40.08 

60..12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second= 0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour=1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per 

second 

(units).

0.........

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

8.........

g

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

0

0.000 

.682 

1.36 

2.05 

2.73 

3.41 

4.09 

4.77 

5.45 

6.14

1

0.068 

.750 

1.43 

2.11 

2.80 

3.48 

4.16 

4.84 

5.52 

6.20

2

0.136 

.818 

1.50 

2.18 

2.86 

3.55 

4.23 

4.91 

5.59 

6.27

3

0.205 

.886 

1.57 

2.25 

2.93 

3.61 

4.30 

4.99 

5.66 

6.34

4

0.273 

.995 

1.64 

2.32 

3.00 

3.68 

4.36 

5.05 

5.73 

6.41

5

0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

5.11 

5.80 

6.48

6

0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

6.55

7

0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61

8

0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68

9

0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet of 13.572 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-feet.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

m i , , , . ,, Second-feetXfall in feet , , To calculate water power quickly: ^j =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1915, and ending September 30, 1916. At the first of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of 

snow, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up; at the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for a 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

in that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. I, J5) consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PI. II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general 

methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river 

discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which the monthly 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprises a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in secondfeet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At 

stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation the 

discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage height 

may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such stations are 

equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily discharge may 

be obtained by averaging the discharge at regular intervals during 

the day or by use of the discharge integrator, an instrument operating 

on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential 

element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed ' 'Mean " is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On 

this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 6, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added 

to the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating
U. S. GEOLOGICAL PURVFY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 434 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS,

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 434 PLATE II

i

A. STEVENS. B. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
COOPEBAHON. 11

curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating table to obtain the daily discharge.1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that 

the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "f airly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. These 

notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual 

measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall 

is less than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per 

square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published 

by the Survey should be used with caution because of possible 

inherent sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed 

studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected 

to throw new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The work in Minnesota during the year ending September 30, 1916, 

was done with State cooperation under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied in joint resolution 19, which reads as 

follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem: Therefore be it 

Resolved by the house of representatives, the senate concurring, That the State Drainage Commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States 

toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the 

nature of said problem in this State.

The work was carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage 

Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage engineer.

1 For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 63-59,1916.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

The work in Wisconsin during the year ending September 30, 1916, 

was done in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, 

C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and at certain stations with the following 

organizations: Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co., 

Edward Daniell, general manager (Menominee River below Koss, 

Mieh.); United States Army Engineer Corps (Woli River at New 

London); United States Indian Office (Wolf River at Keshena, West 

Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, and Bad River near Odanah).

The gaging station on Escanaba River near Eseanaba, Mieh., has 

been maintained in cooperation with the Geological Survey of the 

State of Michigan.

The station oh Manistee River near Sherman, Mieh., was maintained in cooperation with William G. Fargo, Jackson, Mieh.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor, and since 

July 1, 1911, with the division of inland waters of the State Conservation Commission as provided by an act of the State legislature.

Observations of stage on Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., were 

made by an employee of the Niagara, Lockport & Ontario Power 

Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y.

The water-stage recorder on Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Rochester Railway & Light Co,

The work in Vermont has been carried on in cooperation with the 

State of Vermont, Charles W. Gates, governor, and at certain stations 

in cooperation with the following oganizations and individuals: Vermont Marble Co. (Otter Creek at Middlebury); the department of 

civil engineering of Norwich University (Dog River at Northfield); 

Charles T. Middlebrook, consulting engineer, Albany, N. Y. (Green 

River at Garfield): Newport Electric Light Co. (Clyde River at West

Derby).

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Lake Superior drainage basin in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication under the general 

direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer and under the immediate 

supervision of S. B. Soule", assisted by E. L. Williams and R. B. 

Kilgore.

Data for stations in "the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan drainage 

basins in Wisconsin were collected and prepared for publication 

under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, assisted by H. C. 

Beckman, E. L. Williams, and J. O. Entringer.

For stations in the Lake Huron, the Lake Michigan, and the 

Lake Erie drainage basins in Michigan, data were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of A. H. Horton, district 

engineer, assisted by B. J. Peterson.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 434 PLATE

A. LOG JAM ON BIG FORK AT BIG FALLS, MINN.

B. ST. LOUIS RIVER AT THOMSON, MINN.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 13

Data for stations in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

C. C. Covert, district engineer, assisted by O. W. Hartwell, E. D. 

Burchard, A. H. Davison, W. A. James, and Helen Kimmey.

Data for stations in Vermont were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer, assisted 

by H. W. Fear, Hardin Thweatt, R. S. Barnes, G. F. Adams, and 

Hope Hearn.

The manuscript was assembled by B. J. Peterson.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

POPLAR RIVER AT LITTSEN, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 60 N., R. 3 W., near the post office of Lutsen, Cook County, 

about 750 feet above the mouth of the river and the same distance below the State 

highway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 144 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. At present site, August 22, 1912, to September 30, 1916. At 

former site, about 350 feet downstream from present site, May 6,1911, to November 

4, 1911; gage heights only at the former site.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to rock wall of right bank of stream, in a pool between 

two distinct falls; read by C. A. A. Nelson. Gage used prior to August 22,1912, 

was a vertical staff attached to a stump on right bank about 350 feet below site 

of present gage and opposite lower point of easterly of the two islands that divide 

the flow into three channels. No determined relation between the two gages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS . Made by wading or from boat, about 500 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of falls below pool in which gage is located constitutes 

control; channel at this point solid rock; banks not subject to overflow. Point 

of zero flow, gage height 0.35 foot.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.7 feet at 6 p. m., 

April 25 (discharge, 1,390 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.02 feet March 

7 to 19 (discharge, 25 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, April 25, 1916; minimum, 0.80 foot, 

January 4 and February 8 and 13, 1913 (discharge, 18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating 

curve assumed applicable.

REGULATION. The flow of the river has in former years been controlled to some 

extent by two dams above the station, the nearest being that of the National 

Paper & Pulp Co., 2J miles above the mouth of the river, but it is believed that 

the flow for the past two years was entirely natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well denned between 

18 and 1,040 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results excellent.

Discharge measurements of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 11

May 1

Made by 

E. L. Williams

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.89

4.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

133

966

Date.

May 16

Made by 

S.B.Sould... ..........

Gage

Feet. 

3.7

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

742
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART TV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

is

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30

31..............

Oct.

61

58

61

130

179

159

202

240

215

150

129

113

99

so

80

7Q

71

72

67

61

59

53

49

AQ

46

44

43

40

40

38

00

Nov.

38

36

36

Q7

37

36

43

310

395

280

395

070

310

oco

215

143

124

114

106

100

QQ

97

act

Qd

89

86

83

7Q

7K

Dec.

75

72

71

70

66

66

71

70

71

70

70

70

70

66

70

70

72

79

70

79

70

70

66

66

62

65

62

62

62

fin

60

Jan.

58

K4

54

54

50

Kft

49

AQ

AQ

48

48

48

AQ

46

46

43

AO

43

43

Aft

Aft

40

46

43

43

43

43

40

40

40

OQ

Feb.

38

38

37

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

35

34

34

34

34

34

09

32

Q9

32

32

32

O9

32

in

30

30

9Q

Mar.

29

29

27

07

27

27

26

25

25

25

25

9^

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

97

27

97

27

97

28

29

on

30

qo

3507

Apr.

48

58

65

66

60

54

49

47

54

60

97

106

134

202

228

285

412

555

860

1,040

1,110

1,110

1,250

1,180

1,110

1,110

1,110

May.

980

800

695

645

COO

600

578

578

578

555

490

430

395

342

510

745

695

645

532

430

395

378

395

360

325

310

310

280

265

240

215

June.

228

240

240

240

215

202

179

168

159

148

139

130

143

202

202

190

21 5

202

179

150

136

126

190

240

215

190

168

150

150

148

July.

139

129

114

106

100

100

97

89

83

79

78

72

66

58

71

83

70

65

58

49

47

54

53

47

40

44

48

47

43

43

39

Aug.

35

34

43

43

37

35

62

70

53

44

38

33

31

28

26

25

25

27

25

25

36

190

202

141

110

83

73

62

54

46

40

Sept.

34

33

228

325

395

342

215

168

136

106

116

116

146

139

118

108

92

85

73

67

66

62

60

55

53

49

48

46

42

37

Monthly discharge of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 144 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

240 

395 

75 

58 

38 

37 

1,250 

980 

240 

139 

202 

395

1,250

Minimum.

38 

36 

60 

39 

29 

25 

47 

215 

130 

39 

25 

33

25

Mean.

90.5 

145 

68.2 

45.7 

33.8 

27.4 

466 

493 

183 

71.3 

57.3 

119

150

Per 

square 

mile.

0.628 

1.01 

.474 

.317 

.235 

.190 

3.24 

3.42 

1.27 

.495 

.398 

.826

1.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.72 

1.13 

.55 

.37 

.25 

.22 

3.62 

3.94 

1.42 

.57 

.46 

.92

14.17

WHITEFACE RIVER BELOW ME AD OWL AND S, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 53 N., R. 19 W., in St. Louis County, about half a mile below 

the beginning of a decided rapids, 1J miles below the Duluth, Missabe & Northern 

Railway bridge; 2J miles below the highway bridge on line between sees. 14 and 

23, T. 53 N., R. 19 W., at which station on Whiteface at Meadowlands was located; 

4 miles below mouth of the Little Whiteface, which enters from the left, and 8 

miles above confluence of Whiteface and S.t. Louis rivers,
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 15

DRAINAGE AREA. 446 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 28, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Records June 7, 1909, 

to November 9, 1912, collected at the station at Meadowlands, 2J miles upstream.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to a horizontal timber fastened to two trees on left bank 

of river, near the residence of A. A. Jochim, used for all readings since November 8, 

1914; read by A. A. Jochim; a chain gage attached to a horizontal timber fastened to 

two trees on the same bank, but 300 feet upstreaan from the present gage, was used 

from April 28, 1912, to November 7,1914. Present gage was set so as to read the 

same as the former one at a stage of 2.85 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway 

bridge or by wading in the vicinity of the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists of heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent. Right bank is rather low and is overflowed at extremely 

high stages; left bank high and not subject to overflow. A decided rapids a 

short distance below the gage constitute the control. Another rapid, above the 

gage, is frequently obstructed by logs, but when there is sufficient water to carry 

them over this rapid they are generally carried also over the lower rapids, so that 

the control is seldom obstructed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 12.0 feet April 21, 

1916 (discharge, 5,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.6 feet at 8.20 

a. m. August 31, 1916 (discharge 15 second-feet). Open water periods only; 

minimum flow is probably much lower at times during the winter. .

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

REGULATION. Flow controlled to a large extent by logging dams above station. 

Operation of gates to these dams causes a fluctuation in stage of several feet at the 

gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well denned between 92 and 3,580 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table. Mean daily gage heights, as determined from two readings daily, 

are subject to some error on account of rather rapid fluctuations in stage occasioned 

by regulation of the flow in the interests of log driving; results which would 

otherwise be excellent are on this account only fair or good.

Discharge measurements of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 14

14

Nov. 11

Made by 

S. B.Soule.............

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.39

4.38

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

757

747

Date.

Apr. 29

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

S. B.Soule.............

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.33

5.60

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,110

103
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White/ace River below Meadowlands, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. .............. ........ ....

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14. ..........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22..........:................

23...........................

24...........................

25. ..........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

183

183

394

710

860

1,060

1,120

1,120

1,060

1,010

960

860

760

660

612

566

566

566

566

476

394

394

OEfi

320

286

270

270

239

OOQ

Nov.

210

196

183

170

183

146

140

286

710

810

1,010

1,120

1,060

960

910

810

710

fififl

476

476

394

004

356

320

Oftft

394

004

394

356

Dec.

320

Apr.

1,840

2

OOA

o can

2,740

3,230

3,370

4,070

4,520

5,160

5,880

4,760

5,400

5,080

4,760

4,140

3

OAA

3,160

3,300

May.

2,950

2,380

2 080

2' 020

1,900

1,660

1,420

1,660

1,300

760

910

960

1,780

1,360

1,060

1,120

1,060

1,060

1,060

960

860

960

1,010

960

910

760

760

660

660

566

June.

520

476

434

434

394

356

338

320

320

303

286

270

356

476

566

434

286

710

1,240

760

520

760

1,420

1,780

2,260

2,140

2,740

2,880

July.

2,620

2.260

1 660

2' 020

1,480

1,060

810

566

476

338

356

338

394

394

356

286

239

210

196

158

136

117

108

100

85

100

108

100

100

92

92

Aug.

78

78

78

78

78

85

78

78

66

79

78

72

61

66

56

47

52

52

52

47

66

85

100

117

136

136

126

108

108

117

35

Sept.

66

fifi

79

Eft

56

66

100

170

1QR

196

004

994

286

303

303

254

239

994

170

158

170 100

1S1

170

126

117

Monthly discharge of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 446 square miles.]

Month.

April 12-30 ....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,120 

1,120 

5,880 

2,950 

2,880 

2,620 

136 

303

Minimum.

183 

146 

1,840 

566 

270 

85 

35 

56

Mean.

572 

501 

3,940 

1,240 

875 

560 

80 

173

Per 

square 

mile.

1.28 

1.12 

8.83 

2.78 

1.96 

1.26 

.179 

.388

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.48 

1.25 

6.24 

3.20 

2.19 

1.45 

.21 

.43

CLOQUET RIVER AT INDEPENDENCE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 52 N., R. 17 W., at the highway bridge at Independence, 

St. Louis County, just below a small tributary entering from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 698 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge, near left bank of stream; 

read by Theodore Haakensen. Gage used prior to October 13,1915, was a vertical 

staff attached to upstream end of an old log bulkhead, immediately under the 

bridge, and at the left bank.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 17

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading about one-fourth, mile 

below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent. Banks 

not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.3 feet April 30 

(discharge, 5,260 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 4.1 feet 

November 6, 1915 (discharge, 80 second-feet). The Great Northern Power Co. 

reported there was no discharge from Fish Lake and Island Lake reservoirs April 

6-20 and December 1, 1915; discharge at Independence estimated at 10 secondfeet.

1909-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.58 feet June 1, 1911 (discharge, 6,010 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.90 feet, July 20, 21, and 22, 1911 (discharge 54 second-feet). See also preceding paragraph.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during the winter. Since January, 1913, the determination of monthly mean 

discharge during winter periods has been based on the discharge at the outlet of 

Fish Lake reservoir on Cloquet River, in sec. 15, T. 52 N., R. 15 W., and from 

Island Lake reservoir on Beaver River, in sec. 29, T. 52 N., R. 15 W.

REGULATION. Cloquet River is used extensively for log driving, and the run-off 

from by far the greater part of the drainage area above Independence is controlled 

by logging dams. The operation of these dams causes rapid fluctuations in stage, 

which may amount to several feet in 24 hours.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well denned between 128 and 4,690 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table. Mean daily gage height as determined from two readings daily subject to considerable error on account of rapid fluctuation in stage 

due to operation of logging dams; results are therefore subject to error.

COOPERATION. Records of flow from logging reservoirs November 28, 1915 to April 

2, 1916, furnished by Great Northern Power Co., of Duluth.

Discharge measurements of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 13

Nov. 10

Apr. 28

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.............

.....do..................

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.87

4.67

8.93

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

248

171

4,570

Date.

May 13

Made by 

S. B.Soule-.... .........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7,00

4.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,850

130

89873° WSP 434 17-
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cloqiiet River at Independence, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.......... ...

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21:.............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

272

272

272

254

254

254

237

205

205

one

ISO

1,120

01 A

01 A

3,190

O1 A.

2,280

644

O1 A

01 A,

310

310

310

310

310

310

109

101

QO

Nov.

86

93

<M

93

93

80

101

176

254

205

272

310

310

OQ1

237

991

176

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

163

128

128

128

Dec.

10

33

116

111

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

64

89

165

OAO

321

317

qOft

291

979

201

91

97

103

103

100

193

1QO

193

1QO

Jan.

1QO

195

1QA

120

160

944

3Q2

364

00 e

411

4*.^

400

4°.4

436

434

434

Ana

47°.

558

KCQ

555

555

556

477

491

388

OQA

370

01 C

260

259

Feb.

366

44O

CA7

ROA

489

437

437

435

455

485

467

435

400

40 c

426

386

OJO

300

QAI

OAA

090

356

360

362

OCA

357

oc7

Mar.

357

358

QCQ

364

382

383

384

394

432

457

48,8

4°.ft

370

Apr.

350

350

352

331

352

221

139

109

101

101

139

254

310

446

498

613

812

848

848

1,210

1,120

1,040

1 040

2*910

3,050

3,340

3,810

4,510

4,690

5,260

May.

3,650

3,650

3,810

3,810

3,340

3,190

3,050

2,650

2,520

2,520

2,400

2,040

1,820

1,930

2,040

2,040

2,160

2,160

1,930

2,280

2 9Sft

2,780

2,520

2,520

2 9.Sfl

1,600

1,300

1,400

1,500

June.

i 4ftn

1,600

1,600

1,300

1,600

1,710

1,600

1/040

1,040

1,400

1,210

526

676

848

88(5

961

961

885

885

1,040

1,210

1,040

1,040

1,210

1,600

2,160

2,400

2,650

2,650

2,910

July.

2,910

3,050

2,910

2,400

1,930

1,820

1,820

1,600

1,600

885

352

526

2,160

3,340

1,500

310

237

190

190

163

139

150

2,280

2,780

3,980

1,120

1,600

2,040

1,040

472

139

Aug.

139

150

150

150

961

4,510

1,400

1,500

1 4Ort

1,500

1,400

1,300

961

584

397

310

1,600

709

5,070

3,490

498

237

163

128

128

118

118

128

i f\n

Sept.

254

422

472

584

3,650

2,400

3,810

2,160

742

498

446

554

237

176

176

176

221

176

150

150

150

139

139

128

272

554

422

520

554

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 28, to Apr. 2; gage readings discontinued; discharge 

estimated from records of discharge from Fish Lake and Island Lake reservoirs.

Monthly discharge of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 698 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,190 

310 

326 

"558 

534 

488 

5,260 

3,810 

2,910 

3,980 

5,070 

3,650

5,260

Minimum.

93 

80 

10 

160 

300 

357 

101 

1,300 

526 

139 

118 

128

10

Mean.

447 

160 

143 

377 

404 

381 

1,310 

2,430 

1,400 

1,470 

978 

682

850

Per 

square 

mile.

0.640 

.229 

.205 

.540 

.579 

.546 

1.88 

3.48 

2.01 

2.11 

1.40 

.977

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.74 

.26 

.24 

.62 

.62 

.63 

2.10 

4.01 

2.24 

2.43 

1.61 

1.09

16.59
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 19

AMINICON RIVER NEAR AMINICON FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 29, T. 48 N., R. 12 W., at highway bridge about 500 feet above 

the Northern Pacific Railway bridge, three-fourths mile east of the settlement 

' of Aminicon Falls, Douglas County, and 7 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 102 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 17,1914, to July 8,1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read by T. J. St. Onge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading near bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and small rock; water confined to one channel 

at all stages. Stage zero flow approximately 0.20 foot on gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period October 1, 1915, 

to July 8, 1916, 5.0 feet April 21 (discharge, about 1,650 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 0.7 foot March 16, 17, 20, and^l (discharge 15 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded April 21, 1916; minimum stage, 0.3 

foot September 7, 1915 (discharge, about 1 second-foot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; gage not read during winter 

period.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except in winter. Rating curve 

well defined between 10 and 550 second-feet; extension of curve above 550 

second-feet may be subject to error. Gage read once daily to quarter-tenths. 

Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table. Results 

good for open water, except during flood stages, for which they are subject to 

error. No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.................... ................

1.............. ......................

4.. ..................................

5... .................................

8....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

11

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

67

107

157

146

157

157

180

192

one

342

390

374

358

326

one

264

900

205

1Q9

180

168

157

157

136

116

OS

90

v82

74

67

Nov.

60

54

48

42

37

00

23

233

91 Q

219

585

550

422

049

295

280

264

233

180

168

1 W

157

146

126

126

146

180

205

Dec.

205

205

233

233

205

205

192

180

180

192

192

205

948

264

264

280

280

180

116

98

90

67

67

60

KA

60

54

Mar.

15

15

1Q

19i FI

15

90

32

09

09

42

1 W

499

CKfl

550

Apr.

775

990

775

620

550

550

422

422

620

775

690

730

775

730

690

775

825

775

775

1,110

1.650

1,440

1,170

990

QOK

Aon

CCft

518

518

454

May.

422

390

368

310

264

219

205

180

180

157

136

116

98

136

205

233

326

358

onn

422

4^4

422

OCQ

358

one

264

233

205

180

June.

157

136

116

116

107

98

82

82

67

67

54

42

67

98

136

264

233

205

180

157

146

136

180

205

264

326

326

295

264

233

July.

205

205

180

180

136

136

116

98

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec, 28 to Mar. 15; gage not read.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 102 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

March 16-31...................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July 1-8 .................................. +. ...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

390 

585 

280 

550 

1,650 

454 

326 

205

Minimum.

67 

23 

54 

15 

422 

98 

42 

98

Mean.

195 

198 

171 

138 

773 

274 

161 

157

Per 

square 

mile.

1.91 

1.94 

1.67 

1.35 

7.57 

2.69 

1.58 

1.54

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.20 

2.16 

1.68 

.80 

8.45 

3.10 

1.76 

.46

BUTTLE RIVER NEAR BRULE, WIS.

LOCATION. In about sec. 26 T. 48 N., R. 10 W., about 4J miles downstream from 

Brule, Douglas County f and 9 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 162 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 19, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff; low-water section, reading from 0 to 7.9 feet, fastened to downstream side of Brule Outing Club boat landing; high-water section, reading from 

8 to 9.9 feet, fastened to tree on shore end of landing; read during different periods 

by H. A. Wilcox, Charles Leppanen, and Otto Keinanen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made about 200 feet below gage from a boat held in 

place by a wire across the river or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel gravel; control formed by head of rapids below 

gage; river occupies one channel at all stages; banks wooded and not subject to 

overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.2 feet at 7.20 a. m. 

April 21 (discharge 1,490 second-feet); minimum discharge January 18 to 24 (discharge estimated at 125 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 6.2 feet April 21, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded, 2.75 feet at 7 a. m., March 20, 1914 (discharge 115 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. None except by natural storage in Lakes Minnesuing and Nebagamin.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except when affected by ice. Rating curve well denned between 145 and 1,370 second-feet. Gage read once daily, 

to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating 

table, except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which periods it was ascertained from discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records good; records for winter period fair.

Discharge measurements of Brule River near Brule, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Date.

31

Mar. 76

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 510

4.38

4.54

Discharge.

Sec-ft. i fi^i

160

160

Date. Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.61

2.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,160

172

a Complete ice cover. b Incomplete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Brule River near Brule, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

182

182

1QK

340

310

280

388

370

355

340

340

325

qift

29 ^

280

265

OEA

280

280

265

250

23fc

220

208

208

208

1QC

195

195

Nov.

inc

1QK

182

1QK

405

OQf|

280

615

440

q7ft

340

310

310

OQA

280

280

280

265

265

250

93 <;

235

250

oen

OQK

220

Dec.

220

220

220

220

OftQ

208

1QK

1Q^

100

IQO

1Q1

170

170

172

174

176

176

 too

1QC

195

208

220

220

220

220

208

OftQ

Jan.

195

195

183

182

170

170

170

1 ^C

158

145

145

145

145

145

135

135

125 19<;

125

125

125

125

125

135

145

170

170

170

170

160

Feb.

158

158

160

160

160

160

160

1 *&

164

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

164

iia

158

I KQ

118

1 f\Q

Mar.

158

158 I<;R

158

158

160

164

167-

170

170

170

174

182

188

1QK

1QR

201

204

208

208

202

195

1QK

182

IQO

182

1QC

208

220

Apr.

235

280 9Q<;

295

325

280 9Q<;

280

325

370

820

77 e

820

960

1,010

QCA

865

775

1,160

1,490

1,160

1,260

1,010

775

615

235

545

May.

510

475

440

405

388

370

340

340

Qin

310

9a<;

280

265

265

355

388 070

340

340

310

OQK

405

475

388

070

580

405

*yj(\

340

qoe

June.

310

280

280

280

265

220

235

325

310

280

265

250

265

310

310

370

qoK

295 9»n

250

235

265

650

440

340

355

325

295

580

580

July.

440

388

340

325

310

280

265

250

OQK

220

220

208 io<;

101

208

195

1QK

182

IQO

170

170

170

170

170

165

170

1 C9

170

165

165

Aug.

158

158

165

165

165

158

OAQ

170

170

170

170

170

165

170

165

165

170

208 '170

1CK

195

170

170

170

165

158

1 <iC

150

Sept.

158

158

1 Ifi

220

208

220

220

208

208

220

220

220

208

IQEt

195

IQO

182

170

1Q1

195

UK

1 Q9

182

IQO

182

170

170

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21 to Mar. 25.

Monthly discharge of Brule River near Brule, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

388 

615 

220 

195 

170 

220 

1,490 

580 

650 

440 

208 

220

1,490

Minimum,

182 

182 

170 

125 

158 

158 

235 

265 

220 

165 

150 

158

125

Mean.

265 

275 

196 

153 

164 

182 

678 

371 

326 

222 

169 

193

266

Per 

square 

mile.

1.64 

1.70 

1.21 

.944 

1.01 

1.12 

4.19 

2.29 

2.01 

1.37 

1.04 

1.19

1.64

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.89 

1.90 

1.40 

1.09 

1.09 

1.29 

4.68 

2.64 

2.24 

1.58 

1.20 

1.33

22.33

BAD RIVER NEAR ODANAH, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 25, T. 47 N., E. 3 W., about 8 miles upstream from Odanah, Ashland County, 12 miles above mouth of river. Potato Kiver enters from right 

about 8 miles above station.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 31, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder installed March 31, 1915, over a 

wooden well, just above the first falls above the mouth of the river. A Gurley 

water-stage recorder at same site was used from July 31, 1914, to March 31, 1915.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 700 feet upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel is in sand and gravel. Rock outcrops at beginning of rapids about 200 feet below gage form a permanent control. During logdriving period logs may collect on the outcrop and cause backwater at the gage. 

Right bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank of medium height and 

may be overflowed by extremely high water.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.66 feet at 1 a. m. 

April 22 (discharge, 12,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.90 foot, September 

1 to 3 (discharge, 120 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded April 22, 1916; minimum discharge 105 

second-feet estimated for period January 21 to February 10, 1915.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The operation of a number of small reservoirs during the early spring 

and summer as an aid to log driving may cause rapid fluctuations in stage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 80 and 7,270 second-feet; above 7,270 secondfeet the curve was extended and may be subject to considerable error. Recording gage gave only fair satisfaction throughout the year. Discharge ascertained 

by applying to rating table the mean daily gage heights as obtained by planimeter 

from recording-gage record, except for the periods when gage was not in operation, 

and the period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which flow 

was determined from discharge measurements and comparison with records of 

flow for streams in adjacent drainage basins. See footnote to table of daily discharge. Open-water records good except for extremely high stages and periods 

for which records are estimated, for which they are fair. Winter records roughly 

approximate.

Discharge measurements of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

Mar. 29a.

Apr. 16

Made by 

W.Q.Hoyt.. ..........

H.C. Beckman. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. i ^n

2.80

4.59

Discharge.

Sec-ft.

019

479

5,580

Date.

Apr. 17

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.88

1.12

1.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.170

106

677

<* Incomplete ice cover at control.

& Results subject to error because of extremely low velocity at measuring section.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

.Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3. ..............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10..............

n... ...........

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

335

329

275

1,100

1 300

1^140

1,160

975

838

773

755

538

435

428

305

335

250

Nov.

260

260

275

241

253

253

374

1,100

782

I

KflA

1,280

870

S7fl

S7fl

S7fl

KflA

530

538

828

CKQ

485

545

S77

fiCW

693

323

300

qnn

300

Dec.

400

414

348

074.

335

00 K

335

323

387

435

007

421

485

Jan.

230

Feb.

220

Mar.

250

Apr.

1,740

2,520

2,770

2,200

2,060

1,840

1,700

1,570

1,700

2,360

3,730

4,800

5,200

4,540

5,200

6,340

6,190

5,340

7,120

10,600

11,300

7,910

5,060

3,520

3,220

2,770

2,440

2,200

2,360

May.

2,280

1,980

1,640

1,240

1,110

1,040

945

782

719

773

848

650

515

782

1 430

1*510

1,160

1.200

791

719

876

676

650

609

857

1.190

857

728

650

June.

500

442

515

530

538

428

470

593

sin

569

435

609

485

782

1,210

1,310

764

609

545

2,600

2,700

1,650

1,420

1,230

1,100

1,580

2,720

July.

1 Qftfl

1,500

1,160

00 Q

668

449

470

9QQ

287

qOQ

qnq

°.11

299 907

O?K

264

OKO

241

230

219

OAQ

198

Iftft

177

167

162

i^s

I KO

 MO

111

Aug.

1Q.Q

134

19Q

120

114

167

qqjr

253

193

214

IOQ

177

167

1 ^S

1,40

qoq

qoq

421

qoft

qi 7

241

269

OAQ

172

148

129

1OK

Sept.

120

120

120

354

905

1,030

1,120

886

719

KKO

463

EQO

600

668

601

K1 K

442

394

OAQ

qi I

qo7

545

cnq

EQrt

AAQ

421

380

qoft

355

NOTE. Gage not in operation Oct. 4-13, Oct. 26 to Nov. 2, Nov. 13-16, and Nov. 28 to Dec. 1; discharge 

estimated from records of flow for streams in adjacent drainage basins. Stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 31. Discharge interpolated Sept. 13 and 14.

Monthly discharge of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

May

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,300 

2,280 

2,720 

1,980 

421 

1,120

11,300

Minimum.

1,570 

515 

414 

144 

120 

120

120

Mean.

723 

604 

341 

230 

220 

250 

4,160 

1.010 

955 

408 

208 

500

796

Per 

square 

mile.

1.19 

.995 

.562 

.379 

.362 

.412 

6.85 

1.66 

1.57 

.672 

.343 

.824

1.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.37 

1.11 

.65 

.44 

.39 

.48 

7.64 

1.91 

1.75 

.77 

.40 

.92

17.83

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 

ESCANABA RIVER NEAR ESC AN ABA, HIGH.

LOCATION. At quarter-section corner between sees. 24 and 25, T. 40 N., R. 23 W., 

at highway bridge between Escanaba and Gladstone, about 9 miles north of 

Escanaba and 4 miles above mouth of river.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

DRAINAGE AREA. 800 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 25, 1903, to March 31, 1909; June 1, 1909, to November 6, 1915, when station was discontinued. April, May, and July, 1903, discharge measurements only.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to tenths. 

Gage reader, Regis Beauchamp.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, which sometimes remains for nearly 

four months.

ACCURACY. The station has not been visited since July 16, 1908, and gage heights 

as given in the following table may therefore be in error because of elongation 

of the gage chain or changes in the position of the gage.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich.,for the period Oct.

1 to Nov. 6, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

Oct.

3.0

3.0

0 1

3.1

0 I

3 1

3 n

3.0

3 A

Nov.

4.6

4.8

5.1

5.5

6.0

Day.

11..............

12..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

1 S

19

20..............

Oct.

3.1

3 1

3.4

3

e

3 7

3 7

3 7

3.8

3 0

Nov. Day.

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

3 7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

O Q

3.9

3

A

3.9

3 A

4.0

Nov.

MENOMINEE RIVER BELOW KOSS, MICH.

LOCATION. In sec. 5, T. 33 N., R. 23 E., Marinette County, Wis., at "Grand Rapids," 

about 4 miles below Koss, Mich., and 3 miles west of Ingalls, Mich. Little Cedar 

River, draining an area entirely in Michigan, enters from the left about half a mile 

below the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,790 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1913, to September 30, 1916.

DISCHARGE. The flow is computed by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co., of Menominee, Mich., as follows: Each hour the load on the generators 

is noted and gage heights are read of the head and tail water to determine the head 

on the spillway of the dam and the acting head on the turbines. The flow through 

the turbines for each hour is taken from a table giving the discharge corresponding 

to load and head. The flow over the spillway is taken from a table computed from 

a weir formula. When water is wasted through the gates the magnitude and duration of the gate openings are noted and the quantity wasted is determined from 

computed tables. The sum of the hourly flow through the turbines and over the 

spillway, plus the quantity wasted through the gates, divided by the number of 

seconds in 24 hours, gives the average discharge in second-feet for the day. No 

account is taken of the water passing through the exciter turbine nor waste over 

the "trash gate " at the power house. This amount is, however, relatively small.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 23,200 second-feet 

April 23 and 25, minimum daily discharge, 1,390 second-feet August 29.

1913-1916: Maximum daily discharge April 23 and 25,1916; minimum daily 

discharge, 1,000 second-feet, June 14,1914.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN". 25

ACCURACY. No measurements have been made by the Survey engineers at this plant, 

but measurements made at Koss, Mich., in 1914 compare closely with the discharge as determined at the power house.

COOPEBATION. Daily-discharge records furnished monthly by Edward Daniell, 

general manager of the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River below Koss, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,610

3,210

3,000

2,840

2,990

2,900

2, 950

3,560

3,480

3,180

2,900

3,060

3,330

4,820

5,300

5,090

4,470

6,010

7,350

7,540

6,860

6,200

4,990

4,430

4 OQft

3,960

3,670

3

*MA

3,390

Nov.

3,290

2,890

2,940

3,160

3,040

2,840

2,930

3,240

3,410

3,880

4,380

5,970

7,660

9,120

8,520

6,920

5,660

6,240

5,840

4,910

4,620

4,200

4,260

4,900

5,070

5,730

6,900

6,780

Dec.

5,830

4,760

3, 750

3,960

4,350

3,690

3,390

3,340

3,780

3,290

3,090

2,930

2,970

2,790

2,730

2,750

2,790

2,930

3,120

3,030

2,920

2,710

2,870

2,950

3,060

3,080

3,090

2,790

2,410

9 7fin

2,630

Jan.

2,770

2,890

2,790

2,740

2,730

2,270

1,980

2,060

1,890

2,110

2,210

2,100

2,040

1,780

1,830

1,820

1,740

1,770

1,840

1,860

2,130

2,370

2,280

2,300

2,300

2,260

2,200

2,140

2,220

2,280

Feb.

2,230

2,040

1,940

1,890

1,890

2,000

1,960

1,920

1,880

1,670

1,710

1, 750

1,710

1,930

1,850

1,990

2,010

1,900

2,010

2,080

1,910

2.000

2,040

1,990

1,970

2,050

2,050

1,780

1,910

.......

Mar.

1,970

1,800

1,720

1,780

1,850

1,570

1,690

1,880

1,690

1,620

1,620

1;720

1,640

1,760

1,910

1,880

1,770

1,750

1,690

1,780

1,900

1,790

1,720

1,780

2,000

1,890

1,960

2,320

2,730

3,380

Apr.

3,870

4,430

5,050

6,370

7,180

7,430

7,490

7,740

7,500

7,010

7,920

10,800

13,200

14,500

14,200

14,700

15,000

15,700

16,000

16,300

18,200

20,700

23,200

22,500

23,200

22,900

20,500

18,800

19,400

17,700

May.

15,600

14,500

13,400

12,800

12,000

11,300

10, 100

9,040

7,630

8,820

7,930

9,210

8,220

7,990

8,290

8,400

9,110

8,740

8,630

8,430

8,310

7,400

6,930

5,080

5,310

4,740

5,810

6,200

6,740

6,990

4,840-

June.

5,320

6,120

8,830

13, 100

16,900

19,000

19,300

16, 400

14,000

14,900

15,800

14, 100

11,600

10,400

10,100

9,990

10,300

10,500

10,500

10,500

9,510

8,550

7,990

6,850

7,130

7,680

7,510

7,010

6,680

6,760

July.

8,530

9,270

9,400

8,590

7,140

6,030

5,000

4,440

4,180

3,700

5,610

4,910

3,400

3,450

3,320

3,000

2,280

3,140

3,100

2,780

3,060

2,300

2,640

2,720

2,350

2,570

2,940

3, 340

3, 750

3,480

3,340

Aug.

2,880

2,360

2,330

2,330

2,760

2,860

3,030

2,350

3,640

4,410

3,520

3,600

3,380

3,020

3,460

2,620

2,540

2,540

2,820

2,870

2,650

2,820

2,740

2,730

2,460

2,070

1,940

1,990

1,390

2,060

1,890

Sept.

1,890

1,980

1,990

1,570

1,960

2,180

4,550

5,270

7,140

7,670

7,810

6,800

6,020

5,790

5,950

5,560

5,050

5,060

4,210

3,780

3,890

3,800

3,870

3,640

4,110

3,660

3,940

5,540

6,490

7,070

Monthly discharge of Menominee River below Koss, Mich., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 3,790 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December .....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,540 

- 9, 190 

5,830 

2,890 

2,230 

3,380 

23,200 

15,600 

19,300 

9,400 

4,410 

7,810

23,200

Minimum.

2,840 

2,840 

2,410 

1,740 

1,670 

1,570 

3,870 

4,740 

5,320 

2,280 

1,390 

1,570

1,390

Mean.

4,240 

5,150 

3,240 

2,180 

1,930 

1,880 

13,600 

8,660 

10,800 

4,310 

2,710 

4,610

5,260

Per

square 

mile.

1.12 

1.36 

.855 

.575 

.509 

.496 

3.59 

2.28 

2.85 

1.14 

.715 

1.22

1.39

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.29 

1.52 

.99 

.66 

.55 

.57 

4.00 

2.63 

3.18 

1.31 

.82 

1.36

18.88

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from records of daily flow furnished by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

BRTJLE (MENOMINEE) RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 10, T. 40 N., R. 18 E., at highway bridge near Washburn Farm, 

3J miles north of Florence, Florence County, 1 mile above mouth of Paint Creek, 

and 6 miles above mouth of Michigamme River, both of which enter from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 344 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 24, 1914, to February 20, 1916, when station was 

discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read by R. N. 

Washburn.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Firm gravel; smooth. Left bank high; right bank of 

medium height and may be overflowed during extremely high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.6 feet at 1 p. m. 

May 1 and 3, 1914 (discharge, 1,730 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded 

by current-meter measurement made February 4, 1915, (discharge, 185 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Logging dams above the gage are so operated that during the spiing 

large volumes of water are released to facilitate log driving; the flow during 

such periods fluctuates rapidly; flow during remainder of the year probably 

natural. The natural flow may be increased somewhat throughout the year by 

discharge from mine pumpage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 262 and 968 second-feet; gage read once 

daily, to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights 

to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained from discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Owing to uncertainty in accuracy of gage readings, and 

diurnal-fluctuation, open-water records only fair; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Brule River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Made by H. C. Beekman.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.27

3.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

281

Date.

f&b.^.. ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

278

a Incomplete ice cover. & Complete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 27

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Brule River near Florence, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7. ......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Oct.

401

401

sil

351

376

sii

351

351

376

351

376

351

376

534

589

Nov.

376

427

AVl

561

453

OKt

401

561

506

V>fi

968

1 030

1^090

1,090

968

Dec.

561

572

506

Cflfi

401

376

328

284

328

351

351

351

328

Jan.

305

305

ini

111

305

284

328

328

351

351

351

351

311

Feb.

305

305

305

290

284

9QR

sni

305

305

305

305

Qf|K

305

305 ^n*.

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19

20.......

21.......

22.......

23. ......

24.......

25....--.

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

sn

si

Oct.

661

561

730

1,150

1,340

1,090

673

480

480

453

453

480

506

561

453

376

Nov.

788

673

561

534

534

534

453

453

453

453

480

506

673

617

561

Dec.

305

305 <*ni

. 284

284

305

305

284

284

284

305

305

305

305

Jan.

351

376

401

427

453

453

453

453

453

453

427

401

376

351

328

305

Feb.

305

305

305

OAK

305

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 1 to Feb. 20.

Monthly discharge of Brule River near Florence, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 344 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.340 

1,090 

572 

453 

305

Minimum.

351 

351

262 

272 

284

Mean.

524 

600 

347 

364 

303

Per 

square 

mile.

1.52 

1.74 

1.01 

1.06 

.881

Run-off 

(depth in 

niches on 

drainage 

area).

1.75 

1.94 

1.16 

1.22 

.66

PINE RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, and 26, T. 39 N., R. 17 E., at highway bridge, 8 miles southwest of Florence, Florence County, and 12 miles above mouth of river. Popple 

River enters from the right about 200 feet above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 518 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, linch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 22, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Standard chain gage fastened to guard rail on upstream side of bridge; read 

by William Taft.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and stones; left bank high and not subject 

to overflow; extremely high water may overflow right bank around approach to 

bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 9.25 feet at noon, 

April 23 (discharge about 4,520 second-feet); minimum estimated discharge 118 

second-feet, February 13 to 15.

1914-1916: Maximum recorded stage April 23,1916; minimum stage recorded, 

1.6 feet, September 6 and 7, 1915 (discharge, about 118 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. River not used for log driving during year. Gates of a dam below 

station remained open throughout the year.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve fairly well 

denned between 200 and 418 second-feet and well defined between 418 and 1,540 

second-feet; extension of curve below 200 and above 1,540 second-feet may be 

subject to considerable error. Gage read once daily to half-tenths. Discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating table, except for period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained from results 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water 

records good except during extremely high and low stages; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Pine River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

Date.

6

Jan. 8a

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.24

2.12

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

293

249

245

Date

Feb*. So

Mar. llo

Made by 

.....do..................

W.G.Hoyt..... .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

4.00

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

204

220

1,430

o Ice cover at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

352

352

352

319

319

319

303

287

287

287

287

303

352

385

418

620

586

552

552

518

518

484

518

/IK1

418

385

385

352

352

Nov.

352

qofi

319

303

303

319

qo«

352

385

on"?

941

977

1,010

1,050

1,050

1,010

977

941

905

QnK

833

833

7Q7

761

761

79 c

Dec.

655

638

638

638

620

620

603

586

552

501

dRd

451

451

484

518

518

501

468

AK]

451

451

432

409

418

418

418

385

385

352

qqft

Jan.

319

319

287

266

256

240

245

240

225

91 n

i Kft

140

130

130

130

1 JO

143

1 d.1

t t\fi

168

156

1 Kfi

1 Cfi

156

1 Kfi

-ion

91 H

Feb.

210

9 cc

IQfi

204

196

196

183

IfiQ

f AO

143

143

118

118

118

1 4^t

169

169

169

180

1 OK

185

190

inn

196

200

9AK

205

210

Mar.

210

210

210

210

212

214

216

218

218

220

99fl

225

99K

225

240

256

OCA

f)KJR

97ft

287

303

319

qco

368

385

451

484

Apr.

552

620

AQft

761

833

869

Q41

977

1,010

1 080

1,120

1,190

1,220

1,430

1,480

1,540

1 600

2,030

3,180

4,370

2 860

2 540

2 01 ft

2 100

l' 840

I'eeo

May.

1,540

1,430

1 9QO

1,210

1,190

1,090

1,010

1,010

1,050

1,050

i nsn

O77

one

869

707

79 K.

fiQft

AQft

690

655

655

690

79 K

833

oqq

869

1,050

1,010

977

977

QftK

June.

869

3,100

2 sfin

2,780

2,540

2,460

2

oin

2,240

2

1 Art

2,100

1 R4ft

1,720

1,480

1,480

1,430

1 OQfl

i QSA

1 QSA

1 9QA

1,210

1,050

Q41

977

Q77

Q77

Q41

one

QrtK

Q77

1,050

July.

1,170

1,210

1,130

1,050

905

833

690

KK9

518

484

418

385

352

352

352

368

402

OOK

368

352

OK9

385

418

JK1

/IK1

Aug.

434

418

418

402

385

385

385

385

368

352

OKO

385

352

01 Q

287

287

OOK

368

352

OKO

336

319

987

9 KG

256

256

99 K

Sept.

225

225

256

352

552

690

833

Q41

CU1

Q41

Q77

Q77

1,290

941

nnc

869

797

79 e

655

518

552

586

620

655

690

725

725

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 29 to Apr. 14.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 29

Monthly discharge of Pine River near Florence, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 518 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

620 

1,050 

665 

319 

256 

484 

4,370 

1,540 

3,100 

1,210 

434 

1,290

4,370

Minimum.

287 

303 

330 

130 

118 

210 

552 

655 

869 

352 

225 

225

118

Mean.

401 

678 

492 

192 

181 

267 

1,670 

950 

1,590 

564 

343 

696

666

Per 

square 

mile.

0.774 

1.31 

.950 

.371 

.349 

.515 

3.22 

1.83 

3.07 

1.09 

.662 

1.34

1.29

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

1.46 

1.10 

.43 

.38 

.59 

3.59 

2.11 

3.42 

1.26 

.76 

1.50

17.49

PIKE RIVER AT AMBERG, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 35 N., R. 21 E., at Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway 

bridge half a mile south of Amberg, Marinette County, immediately below the 

junction of the two branches of the Pike River, and about 11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to guard rail on upstream side of ridge; read by Frank 

Bunce.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a highway bridge a quarter of a mile downstream from the bridge to which the gage is attached or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock and some loose granite boulders; channel permanent but very rough at gage. Banks medium high; not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.6 feet at 8.30 a. m. 

June 4 (discharge 1,160 second-feet); estimated minimum discharge, 128 secondfeet, February 2.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.65 feet at 8.10 p. m. July 14, 1914 

(discharge 1,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet September 7, 

1915 (discharge 109 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 180 and 1,120 second-feet. Gage read once 

daily, to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights 

to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, 

for which it was ascertained from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records excellent, except for extremely high 

stages, for which they are good; winter records fair.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

Nov. 8

Feb. 7«

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2nn

1.92

2 1C

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

198

170

142

Date.

Mar. 10«

17

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. .......

W.G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

3.55

3.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

151

701

714

a Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3.............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.............

8..............

9.............

10..............

11.........

12. ...........

13.............

14...........

15..............

16..............

17.............

18..............

19.............

20..............

21..............

22........... .

23..............

24.............

25..............

26. .............

27. .............

28. .............

29. ............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

128

148

176

128

138

138

134

142

130

134

134

154

169

273

303

288

217

288

348

348

333

288

244

230

217

204

204

192

192

180

169

Nov.

169

169

162

169

162

162

176

217

230

204

348

510

620

582

476

380

303

258

333

412

396

582

460

412

318

318

428

510

510

Dec.

396

412

380

333

318

185

318

258

258

176

288

364

318

230

230

230

244

258

273

288

303

01 0

0-10

303

273

230

01 7

204

9KU

204

- Jan.

204

204

204

192

192

192

180

180

169

170

158

148

162

158

169

158

169

192

192

1Q9

00 f)

9KU

180

169

169 ICO

1 £A

158

158

165

Feb.

138

128

138

138

138

138

142

148

148

158

158

162

169

158

154

158

158

162

169

169

169

180

192

1Q9

180

169

169

TtfJ

158

Mar.

180

169

158

158

156

154

152

150

150

151

148

150

148

142

138

142

148

148

158

169

169

169

158

169

169

192

230

258

288

318

412

Apr.

476

582

620

620

582

546

510

510

510

620

738

904

904

862

820

738

698

658

582

738

947

1 080

1,120

990

862

778

738

658

546

476

May.

444

510

412

444

364

428

364

348

348

546

364

460

348

318

380

476

620

444

582

510

582

444

428

380

364

333

364

396

318

303

288

June.

412

444

1,080

1,160

1,080

904

820

778

862

990

947

904

820

738

698

698

698

698

582

510

510

658

582

476

510

493

428

380

364

738

July.

820

820

738

582

476

396

348

318

318

288

288

244

244

230

230

303

303

288

244

230

230

217

217

217

204

303

348

412

396

476

288

Aug.

258

230

244

348

333

273

230

217

204

204

273

230

230

217

204

204

192

333

364

348

318

273

258

230

244

217

204

199

192

180

180

Sept.

192

199

180

185

217

258

318

348

348

318

303

303

412

412

396

348

333

318

288

273

230

230

244

230

333

288

546

990

990

820

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Apr. 8.

Monthly discharge of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 240 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

March .........................................

April............................... . . . ....

July...........................................

September ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

348 

620 

412 

230 

192 

412 

1,120 

620 

1,160 

820 

364 

990

1,160

Minimum.

128 

162 

176 

148 

128 

138 

476 

288 

364 

204 

180 

180

128

Mean.

206 

351 

279 

178 

159 

181 

714 

416 

699 

355 

246 

362

344

Per 

square 

mile.

0.858 

1.46 

1.16 

.742 

.662 

.754 

2.98 

1.73 

2.91 

1.48 

1.02 

1.51

1.43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.99 

1.63 

1.34 

.86 

.71 

.87 

3.32 

1.99 

3.25 

1.71 

1.18 

1.68

19.53
STREAMS TRIBUTABY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 31

PESHTIGO RIVER AT HIGH FALLS, NEAR CRIVITZ, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 32 N., R. 18 E., at High Falls, near Crivitz, Marinette County, 

about a quarter of a mile downstream from power house of Wisconsin Public Service Co., 1 mile upstream from Thunder River (coming in from the right), and 15 

miles by road northwest of Crivitz.

DRAINAGE AREA. 585 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1,1912, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Barrett and Lawrence water-stage recorder, set over a wooden well about 15 

feet from the left bank and quarter of a mile downstream from power house; well 

is protected from floating logs by a large boulder.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks at control amd measuring section are high and not 

subject to overflow. Control at low stages is a small gravel riffle about 50 feet 

downstream from gage; at medium and high stages this control is apparently 

drowned out and control probably formed by some point farther downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1912-1916: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 

7.2 feet May 13, 1916 (discharge, 3,480 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.1 feet at 

5 p. m. March 21, 1915 (discharge, 54 second-feet). Owing to artificial regulation extremes given do not represent the natural flow.

ICE. Because of the relatively warm water in the large service reservoir, ice does 

not form on the river in the vicinity of the gage; open-water rating curve used 

throughout year.

DIVERSIONS. About 2 second-feet of seepage water enters the river below the gage 

but above the cable and is included in the published estimates.

REGULATION. Flow controlled by operation of power plant. During log-driving 

seasons large and sudden fluctuations are caused by the operation of logging and 

sluice gates. Fluctuations due to changes in load are relatively small. The 

mean monthly flow does not represent the natural flow because of storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice; rating curve 

well defined between 145 and 3,980 second-feet. Discharge ascertained by averaging the results obtained by applying gage heights for hourly or other regular 

intervals to rating tables. Records good, except for brief periods for which discharge was partly estimated.

Discharge measurements of Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

May 12...... .................

13.......................

13.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.85

S

on

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 440

3 48fl

2,240

Date.

May 15. ......................

15.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.80

3.00

Discharge.

Sec-ft.

Oftfl

847
32 .SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis.,for (he

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

570

555

436

394

330

308

312

197

94 fi

304

314

310

120

280

414

404

407

429

224

521

534

541

309

Nov.

461

523

521

547

537

320

458

505

499

KfW5

511

507

282

418

451

408

408

402

252

359

412

460

475

674

590

747

693

Dec.

cot:

498

515

522

537

504

507

517

445

398

999

405

395

Kfif\

506

478

979

418

469

408

413

395

178

180

354

qnn

390

qnq

421

Jan.

207

185

363

436

405

291

qqn

qqn

416

499

228

QCQ

947

220

226

204

79

187

OOQ

91 P»

90

198

89

116

Feb.

99Q

208

211

217

94

990

215

999

236

948

97

238

250

248

94 R

240

102

206

229

250

Ofifi

97fi

100

273

Mar.

353

499

496

412

497

514

545

KAft

KVA

9Q7

476

556

534

520

538

CO4

274

443

496

532

417

409

432

286

442

509

508

525

604

Apr.

580

317 45"?

518

520

520

coi

530

300

499

481

485

497

1,000

1,760

1,610

1,680

1,730

2,020

2,330

2,680

2,670

2,810

2,700

2,370

2,150

1,980

1,820

1,550

May.

1,480

1,620

1,680

1,810

1 660

1,820

1 760

1 000

1,010

1 9ftfl

1,690

628

639

1,620

1,090

1,120

990

1,050

1,050

1,060

1,080

940

940

1,080

989

1,040

June.

980

1,230

1,350

2,410

2,850

2,820

2 fififi

2,470

2,470

2 fififi

2,380

2,030

1,650

1,580

1,580

1,410

1,400

1,350

783

1,040

1,180

1,210

1 080

1,030

767

799

914

1,030

July.

1,530

1,530

1,560

1,350

1,340

1,110

827

680

723

675

490

524

556

689

593

535

520

583

549

436

613

534

480

480

727

866

984

994

1,070

Aug.

803

746

605

606

456

KVA

538

489

COS

566

388

498

546

528

531

556

387

488

533

538

551

560

573

404

497

530

570

560

Sept.

Kan

576

qQQ

 570

470

502

555

S84

636

457

R94

Qfift

985

763

732

798

594

576

585

599

604

476

578

646

843

1,180

1,130

1,060

NOTE. Gage not in perfect operation Nov. 18-25, Dec. 10-16, 22, 23, 29, 30, Jan. 4-7,16, 22, 27, Feb. 2-14, 

Mar. 23-25, May 19,20,27, July 26,27, Sept. 4-7,12-14; discharge for these days estimated from power-house 

records.

Monthly discharge of Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 585 square miles.]

Month.

March....... .

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

570 

747 

625 

436 

273 

604 

2,810 

2,010 

2,850 

1,560 

803 

1,180

2,850

Minimum,

120

252 

178 

72 

94 

274 

300 

628 

767 

436 

387 

370

72

Mean.

372 

487 

420 

271 

213 

462 

1,360 

1,270 

1,640 

794 

545 

680

708

Per

square 

mile.

0.636 

.832 

.718 

.463 

.364 

.790 

2.32 

2.17 

2.80 

1.36 

.932 

1.16

1.21

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.73 

.93 

.83 

.53 

.39 

.91 

2.59 

2.50 

3.12 

1.57 

1.07 

1.29

16.48
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 33

OCONTO RIVER NEAR GILLETT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 18 E.,-at steel highway bridge 2J miles southeast 

of Gillett, Oconto County, and about 27 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 678 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7, 1906, to March 30, 1909; January 6, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to iron railing on upstream side of bridge; read by Miss 

Nettie Gilbertson. Zero of gage used from January 6, 1914, to September 30, 

1916, is 4 feet above that of gage used June 7, 1906, to March 31, 1909.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; fairly permanent. Left bank of medium height 

and not subject to overflow; during extremely high stages water may overflow 

right bank around end of bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.3 feet, at 3.30 

p. m. April 25 (discharge, 3,220 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 305 

second-feet during February.

1906-1915: Maximum stage recorded April 25, 1916; minimum open-water 

discharge, 95 second-feet January 3 and 6,1907.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam above the station stores water to float logs during the spring; 

except when dam is in operation flow at the gage is natural.

ACCURACY .-^Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except for the effect of 

ice. Rating curve well defined, between 239 and 1,790 second-feet. Gage read 

once daily to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

heights to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was ascertained from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except at 

extremely high stages, for which they are only fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

Jan. 7o

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 49

3.34

2 7fl

Discharge.

Sec-ft.

481

384 

305

Date.

Mar. 9«

Apr. 46

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.71

7.40 

2.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

345

2,220 

"* 1 '' 080"

olce at control. 

89873° WSP 434 17 3

6 Ice jam below gage.
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending

Sept.,30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

S1

Oct.

468

468

468

468

403

362

403

382

362

382

403

446

468

515

492

565

698

840

780

698

725

698

615

565

492

468

468

515

515

468

Nov.

446

492

468

403

468

446

446

492

515

590

960

960

1,020

1,020

992

960

960

900

1,020

960

992

960

960

960

960

992

1,020

1,160

1,090

1,090

Dec.

1,060

1,060

1,020

840

810

810

840

670

670

670

670

424

424

466

424

424

424

424

424

424

420

415

410

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

AftO

Jan.

403

400

396

394

388

384

3i4

380

378

374

370

365

362

360

360

354

352

348

345

342

340

338

336

334

332

&32

330

328

326

324

324

Feb.

324

324

324

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

324

324

324

324

324

324

324

324

324

324

342

342

342

342

342

Mar.

342

342

342

342

342

342

342

342

' 345

362

382

382

403

403

403

424

424

468

468

515

515

515

515

565

565

670

725.

840

960

1,090

1 290

Apr.

1,500

1,860

2,090

2,220

1,790

1,860

1,860

1,720

1,290

1,160

1,160

1,360

1,430

1,570

1,570

1,640

1,570

1,720

1,790

2,020

2,390

2,950

3,130

2,950

3,220

2,950

2,320

2,090

2,020

2,020

May.

1,640

1,570

1,430

1,430

1,360

1,290

1,160

1,090

1,060

1,090

1,020

1,090

1,100

1,2-0

1,570

1,360

1,430

1.790

1,570

1,570

1,500

1,430

1,290

1,160

1,220

1,360

1,060

960

780

725

1,720

June.

1,860

1,570

1,860

2,160

2,160

1,720

1,860

2,020

2,710

2,160

2,390

2,550

2,550

2,390

2,320

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,640

1,720

1,290

1,290

1,160

1,160

1,090

1,160

1,090

960

960

930

July.

930

1,020

960

930

930

840

642

725

698

642

615

565

565

1,360

565

565

642

604

565

615

780

725

725

468

515

642

615

698

698

670

670

Aug.

642

642

642

670

698

670

670

642

642

670

670

615

565

515

492

468

468

446

446

468

468

403

403

424

424

424

403

403

403

424

424

Sept.

446

424

424

492

468

515

565

590

642

615

698

752

870

870

930

900

840

752

725

698

698

670

615

590

565

615

840

900

900

1,020

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15 to Apr. 5. Discharge July 18 interpolated; gage 

apparently read in error.

Monthly discharge of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 678 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May............................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

£40 

1,160 

1,060 

403 

342 

1,290 

3,220 

1,790 

2,710 

1,360 

698 

1,020

3,220

Minimum.

362 

403 

403 

324 

305 

342 

1,160 

725 

930 

468 

403 

424

Mean.

518 

823 

563 

358 

320 

515 

1,970 

1,290 

1.740 

716 

527 

688

305 1 834

Per 

square 

mile.

0.764 

1.21 

.830 

.528 

.472 

.760 

2.91 

1.90 

2.57 

1.06 

.777 

1.01

1.23

Run-off

(depth 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.88 

1.35 

.96 

.61 

.51 

.88 

3.25 

2.19 

2.87 

1.22 

.90 

1.13

16.75
STREAMS TKIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 35

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 15 E., at the highway bridge at Keshena, Shawano 

County, 3 miles below junction with West Branch of Wolf River, coming in from 

the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 797 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 9, 1907, to March 31, 1909; February 10,1911, to September 80, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of new bridge on December 9, 1914. 

May 9, 1907, to November 29, 1914, vertical staff gage fastened to downstream 

abutment. Both gages at same datum; gage read by Jerome M. Beauprey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; smooth and practically permanent. Banks of 

medium height; overflow improbable. During the last part of November and the 

first part of December, 1914, a new bridge was erected at site of old gage. The 

construction of the new piers apparently changed conditions of channel as shown 

by plotting of current-meter measurements made since the bridge was built^

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.0 feet at 4 p. m. 

April 22 (discharge, 3,370 second-feet); minimum discharge about 414 second-feet 

January 15 to 17.

1\X)7-1909 and 1911-1916: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,910 second-feet September 2, 1912; minimum discharge during open-water periods, 275 second-feet 

September 26, 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The river and its main tributaries above Keshena are controlled to 

some extent by logging dams.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except for effect of ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 510 and 2,260 second-feet; above and below these 

limits curve is extended and subject to error. Gage read twice daily to quartertenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating 

table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was ascertained from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records excellent, except for extremely high and 

low stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 11

11

Feb. 3a

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do... ...... ....,-...

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.26

2.39

3.80

3.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

909

462

490

Date.

Sept. 11

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.95

3.14

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

469

1,360

756

o Ice at control. 6 Ice jam below gage.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2....... .......

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20...:..........

21..............

22..............

23...... ........

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

510

547

<vd7

510

547

eift

510

475

113

459

586

627

627

670

670

670

670

810

QftQ

CCQ

71 ^

715

71 ^

715

670

670

627

627

627

586

627

Nov.

586

547

459

459

459

459

510

547

547

566

859

960

1,380

1,070

1,020

sin

sin

909

1,020

1,020

QKft

757

666

692

762

786

859

834

672

627

Dec.

648

670

fiQO

670

670

715

786

71 <;

627

A97

627

627

627

627

606

606

606

586

586

586

KQft

KOft

586

586

KOfi

586

566

547

547

547

566

Jan.

586

510

510

492

475

462

460

Afift

460

459

113

436

428

421

414

414

414

428

428

459

475

510

510

K1 A

547

547

528

KOQ

510

K1 ft

Feb.

475

482

AQfl

492

503

eiA

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

510

em

492

490

4.Qfi

490

Anf\

490

490

490

490

490

Mar.

475

475

475

475

475

475

472

469

479

475

472

468

465

462

459

464

470

475

500

528

510

547

586

627

648

fiQO

762

834

QftQ

986

1,070

Apr.

1,120

1,180

859

1,300

1,310

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,240

1,300

1,440

1,640

1.640

1.770

1 840

1,910

1,910

1,910

2,770

3,370

3,220

2,920

2,920

2

cnfl

2,550

2,400

2

OfiA

2,120

2 

' 050

May.

1,910

1,840

1,640

1,640

1,570

1,500

1,500

1,380

1,440

1,310

1,500

1,440

1,250

1,250

1,640

1,910

1,910

1,640

1,190

1,380

1,440

1,250

1,500

1,380

1 OCrt

1,250

1,380

1 190

l'l30

Qfift

June.

810

1,770

2,470

2,400

1,980

1,910

2,120

2,920

2,920

2,770

2,690

2,400

2,050

1,910

1,840

1,840

1,770

1,700

1,640

1,570

1,380

1,380

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,250

1,250

1 1 Ofl

1,070

July.

1,190

1,380

1,250

1,130

1,070

960

960

909

810

715

762

960

1,130

1,070

1,070

1,020

1,070

909

810

762

715

960

762

627

A97

762

909

1,020

QAQ

01 fi

Aug.

909

1,020

909

909

1,020

909

762

715

715

762

762

762

810

810

715

670

670

670

670

627

627

627

627

586

627

627

627

547

627

586

627

Sept.

627

586

670

627

627

810

909

715

762

762

1,020

1,440

1,500

1,020

859

1,130

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,020

715

762

909

810

810

1,020

1,310

1.250

1 9PLft

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21 to Apr. 10.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 797 square miles.]

Month.

April. . ........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet. ^

Maximum.

909 

1,380 

786 

586 

510 

1,070 

3,370 

1,910 

2,920 

1,380 

1,020 

1,500

3,370

Minimum.

443 

459 

547 

414 

475 

459 

859 

960 

810 

627 

547 

586

414

Mean.

627 

753 

619 

478 

498 

570 

1,920 

1,440 

1,800 

932 

727 

925

939

Per 

square 

mile.

0.787 

.945 

.777 

.600 

.625 

.715 

2.41 

1.81 

2.26 

1.17 

.912 

1.16

1.18

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.91 

1.05 

/ .90 

.69 

.67 

.82 

2.69 

2.09 

2.52 

1.35 

1.05 

1.29

16.03
STREAMS TRIBUTARY ±0 LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

WOLF RIVER AT NEW LONDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 22 N., R. 14 E., at Pearl Street highway bridge, New 

London, Waupaca County. Embarrass River enters from the right three-fourths 

of a mile above and Little Wolf River, also from the right, 5 miles below the 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Gage heights March 1, 1899, to September 30, 1916; daily 

discharge determinations October 1,1913, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Enameled steel gage, reading from 1.0 to 13.0 feet, fastened to pile under 

downstream side of Pearl Street bridge. Datum of the gage raised 0.641 foot 

March 1, 1911, according to United States Army engineers; zero of gage is at an 

elevation of 748.874 feet above mean sea level, New York City datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Shawano Street bridge, two blocks below

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and hardpan; not permanent; no well-defined control. Banks at the gage fairly high and not subject to overflow. It is reported 

that during extremely high stages water from Embarrass River flows across the 

city of New London into the channel of Wolf River below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet April 4 

(discharge, 8,960 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 815 second-feet, 

March 7 to 10.

1914-1916: Maximum stage, 9.7 feet April 4, 1916; minimum discharge, 755 

second-feet January 1 to 10,1915. The United States Army Engineers report a 

stage of 11.6 feet April 16, 1888.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Little if any diurnal fluctuation due to operation of power plants on 

river above station observable at the gage; monthly flow natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Rating curve used October 1 

to April 4, well defined between 1,480 and 4,660 second-feet; curve used April 5 

to September 30, fairly well defined between 910 and 9,280 second-feet. Gage 

read at noon each day to nearest tenth. Discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage heights to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation 

was affected by ice, for which it was based on discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at New London, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 13

Feb. 2o

Made by 

.....dc ................

.....do.., ..............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.68

3.40

3.13

2.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,260

1,180

091

819

Date.

May 18

Sept. 7

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

F. A. Potts............

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.45

7.05

6.73

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,220

4,090

3,630

1,020

Ice at control.
38 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at New London, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

28..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,480

1,450

1,410

1,300

1,300

1,330

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,450

1,480

1,640

1,670

1,790

1,870

1,950

1,870

1,790

1,750

1,790

1,670

1,560

1,480

1.450

Nov.

1,450

1,330

1,370

1,330

1,260

1,180

1,260

1,260

1,220

1,220

1,560

2,130

2,350

2,540

2,690

2,640

2,640

2,590

2,690

2,920

2,890

2,860

2,860

2,810

2,860

2,860

2,840

2,810

2,780

2,750

Dec.

2,640

2,590

2 ^on

2,590

2,420

2,220

2,040

1,910

1,790

1,640

1,520

1,450

1,390

1,370

1,330

1,330

1,320

1,320

1,300

1,300

1,320

1,370

1,370

1 V7(\

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,350

1,330

1,300

1.300

Jan.

1 260

l',240

1,200

1,180

1,160

1,160

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,120

1,100

1,040

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1 (W>

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1.020

Feb.

1,020

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

980

980

980

980

980

960

960

940

940

940

920

920

900

880

- 860

860

860

860

860

860

860

860

860

860

Mar.

845

845

830

830

830

830

815

815

815

815

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

830

845

845

845

845

860

1,370

1,870

2,440

3,100

3,560

3.700

Apr.

4,920

6,230

8,650

8,960

8,650

8,060

7,510

7,000

6,310

5,530

5,200

4,780

4,390

4,050

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,950

4,160

4,510

4,920

5,530

6,310

7,000

7,510

7,250

7,000

6,530

6,100

May.

5,900

5,360

5,060

4,780

4,390

4,160

4,050

3,850

3,580

3,500

3,420

3,350

3,220

3,280

3,420

3,670

3,760

3,850

3,950

3,950

3,950

4,050

3,950

3,850

3,760

3,670

3,580

3,420

3,350

3,220

3.160

June.

3,040

3,100

3,420

3,670

3,850

4,160

4,640

5,900

7,250

8,350

8,650

8,960

8,960

8,650

8,350

7,780

7,250

6,760

6,100

5,530

5,200

4,920

4,640

4,390

4,050

3,670

3,580

3,420

3,220

3,220

July.

3,100

3,040

2,980

2,860

2,800

2,680

2,560

2,390

2,280

2,120

2,010

1,810

1,660

1,510

1,460

1,560

1,610

1,610

1,710

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,610

1,460

1,370

1,280

1,240

1,240

1,280

1,320

1.320

Aug.

1,280

1,280

1,240

1,370

1,370

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,370

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,280

1,280

1,240

1,240

1,190

1,140

1,100

1,060

1,020

1,020

980

910

875

875

840

840

840

840

840

Sept.

8?

840

840

840

840

875

1,020

1,100

1,140

1,280

1,280

1,420

1,660

1,810

1,960

2,010

2,010

2,060

2,010

1,860

1,710

1,660

1,560

1,560

1,460

1,420

1,510

1,860

2,060

2,220

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 21 to Apr. 3.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at New London, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 2,240 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,950 

2,920 

2,640 

1,260 

1,020 

3,700 

8,960 

5,900 

8,960 

3,100 

1,460 

2,220

8,960

Minimum.

1,300 

1,180 

1,300 

1,000 

860 

815 

3,850 

3,160 

3,040 

1,240 

840 

840

815

Mean.

1,510 

2,200 

1,640 

1,080 

927 

1,190 

5,880 

3,890 

5,490 

1,910 

1,150 

1,490

2,360

Per 

square 

mile.

0.674 

.982 

.732 

.482 

.414 

.531 

2.62 

1.74 

2.45 

.853 

.513 

.665

1.05

Kun-cff 

(depth in 

mches on 

drainage

area).

0.78 

1.10 

.84 

.56 

.45 

.61 

2.92 

2.01 

2.73 

.98 

.59 

.74

14.31

WEST BRANCH OF WOLF RIVER AT NEOPIT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 29 N., R. 14 E., at dam and power plant at Neopit, Shawano 

County, a station on the Wisconsin & Northern Railroad, 20 miles north of 

Shawano; about 11 miles above confluence of Wolf River and West Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 108 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 25, 1911, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Vertical staff, head and tail race gages.

DETERMINATION OF FLOW. Observations of the head of water flowing over"the spillway, the head on the wheels, and the kilowatt output as measured at the switchboard, are taken at 6, 7, and 10 a. m., and at 3, 6, and 10 p. m. The flow at
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 39

these times is determined by means of a curve developed by current-meter 

measurements, and the computed discharge is then weighted in accordance 

with the elapsed interval.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily'discharge during year, 471 secondfeet, April 20; minimum mean daily discharge, 46 second-feet October 4.

1911-1918: Maximum mean daily discharge, 999 second-feet, July 24, 1912; 

minimum mean daily discharge, 17 second-feet, August 30,1914. These extremes 

are due to regulation.

ACCURACY. Rating tables used in the determination of daily discharge is based on 

5 discharge measurements. Conditions relative to leakage and plant equipment 

are becoming more unsatisfactory; records as published for year are only fair.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

i2..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24. .............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

95

197

70

108

86

62

84

64

66

76

150

72

125

88

77

66

55

106

89

95

70

67

72

72

84

90

86

87

86

85

72

Nov.

88

87

OK

74

67

68

56

67

64

76

97

217

96

72

87

83

84

96

QQ

103

82

<re

89

95

88

92

100

92

OR

90

Dec.

84

84

84

81

67

74

78

73

79

75

78

57

71

70

72

72

79

77

51

74

73

77

77

77

62

64

80

73

75

75

77

Jan.

82

70

QQ

90

QQ

89

81

85

55

68

67

74

80

74

85

60

82

83

84

88

01

85

10

80

88

91

86

84

on

60

82

Feb.

86

82

QO

85

83

58

77

86

84

85

87

87

57

77

81

7Q

81

79

82

60

84

89

83

91

86

88

66

86

85

Mar.

98

100

9V

72

99

98

93

99

07

98

55

86

91

91

on

QQ

85

61

80

98

1AO

98

97

108

80

102

132

103

131

122

Apr.

161

155

167

156

141

119

137

162

107

131

146

162

177

168

172

169

183

173

209

471

359

257

238

198

196

190

179

171

162

168

May.

189

178

1 ^4.

178

130

185

129

189

151

194

188

141

192

181

270

258

187

187

180

171

137

217

195

170

191

150

183

121

179

128

149

June.

148

370

379

179

218

138

272

408

308

288

236

187

210

202

211

172

227

181

149

162

162

110

140

182

140

133

156

156

152

160

July.

196

164

141

113

167

117

1?9

132

103

129

230

57

213

55

197

Q7

l^ft

129

118

171

239

118

55

101

151

121

164

115

123

150

146

Aug.

329

167 -107

133

136

108

122

123

99

114

132

108

(M.

1W

113

110

104 iftd

88

138

119

88

106

QC

105

73

136

03

115

113

Sept.

109

1/y>

105

124

124

Id*

135

124

96

121

162

164

160

13O

184

199

100

90

100

65

4fi

109

131

202

161

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 108 square miles.]

«

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

197 

217 

84 

91 

91 

132 

471 

270 

408 

239 

329 

202

471

Minimum.

55 

56 

51 

55 

57 

55 

107 

121 

133 

55 

73 

46

46

Mean.

87.2 

89.5 

73.9 

79.7 

80.6 

95.1 

186 

176 

206 

139 

121 

132

122

Per 

square 

mile.

0.807 

.829 

.684 

.738 

.746 

.881 

1.72 

1.63 

1.91 

1.29 

1.12 

1.22

1.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.93 

.92 

.79 

.85 

.80 

1.02 

1.92 

1.88 

2.13 

1.49 

1.29 

1.36

15.38
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

LITTLE WOLF RIVER AT ROYALTON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 22 N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge in the town of Royalton, 

Waupaca County, about 4 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 485 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 13, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. January 13,1914, to August 20,1915, standard chain gage fastened to upstream 

side of highway bridge; read by J. C. Jenson. August 21, 1915, to September 

30, 1916, standard sloping gage on left bank of river, about 150 feet upstream 

from highway bridge. Datum of sloping gage is 0.75 of a foot higher than that 

of chain gage; owing to change in slope, however, difference between the readings on the slope and chain gage is not constant.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 500 feet upstream from chain 

gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at the gage consists of heavy gravel and rock 

and is permanent; at the measuring section, fine, smooth gravel. Neither bank 

is overflowed to any extent at flood stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, about 3,690 

second-feet March 31; minimum discharge recorded, about 130 second-feet March 

5 and 6.

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet at 7.15 p. m., June 7, 1914 (discharge, 5,350 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, about 130 second-feet 

March 5 and 6, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The few power plants above the station have little storage, and no 

diurnal fluctuation has been observed at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Discharge ascertained as 

follows: October 1 to December 10, 1914, from a fairly well defined rating curve; 

March 28 to August 20, 1915, from a rating curve fairly well defined between 

206 and 730 second-feet; August 21 to December 14, 1915, from a rating curve 

fairly well defined between 220 and 730 second-feet; curve used December 15 

to September 30, 1916, fairly well defined between 209 and 2,070 second-feet. 

Gage read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for periods when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records not better 

than fair for 1914 and 1915, good for 1916 except for high stages for which they 

are fair. Winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Little Wolf at Royalton, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 26

Mar. 76

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gase 

height.

Feet. 

2.65

cl.72

el. 70

el. 92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

706

283

206

185

Date.

Apr. 6^

May 18

Sept. 8

Made by 

P. A. Potts. ...........

H. C. Beckman........

E.L.Wilhams... ......

height.

Feet. 

3.24

2.60

2.05

1.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,430

811

499

296

a Driftwood at control. 6 ice at control, c Reading on chain gage, d Strong downstream wind.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 41

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1915 and 1916.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.. ...... ......

11....... .......

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

1915-16. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............

16..............

17..............

18. ..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25... ..........

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30.............. q-i

Oct.

292

211

242

204

183

230

219

271

398

599

430

440

492

440

440

492

388

258

398

338

250

194

176

348

230

348

250

219

204

234

226

215

215

217

234

252

246

237

232

226

274

261

246

274

268

320

280

296

300

293

293

287

261

246

243

237

232

907

990

Nov.

242

211

230

230

242

219

219

204

242

219

230

219

258

265

280

215

207

223

204

199

199

237

274

283

310

632

705

730

656

586

415

418

381

680

730

415

542

500

480

521

586

609

542

542

Dec.

284

301

315

315

284

258

271

250

250

258

265

220

342

500

542

422

287

320

287

255

341

400

330

392

320

320

362

362

362

362

362

362

341

341

341

341

341

320

320

320

320

320

OOrt

Jan.

210

320

235

300

300

300

300

280

206

224

242

175

190

224

224

224

224

190

190

206

206

242

242

280

280

300

341

384

341

341

300

341

406

Feb.

190

450

535

242

224

224

224

206

224

280

261

384

406

384

341

280

320

320

362

341

300

341

300

320

280

261

280

320

300

190

224

242

Mar.

280

500

. 790

692

590

640

566

19C

175

190

175

130

130

185

206

206

206

190

175

362

320

341

362

341

320

242

341

382

341

320

362

519

749

1,450

1,760

2,700

3,690

Apr.

496

519

566

615

720

1,010

1,080

1,220

1.080

1,050

1,080

1,080

1,150

944

846

666

615

615

566

542

542

519

464

496

478

433

464

442

406

433

3.290

2,790

2,160

1,840

1,680

1,220

944

900

800

770

680

710

770

770

770

740

800

800

800

1,480

1,870

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,290

2,180

1,300

900

770

830

May.

397

354

366

442

542

487

442

478

566

519

469

424

366

354

354

354

496

474

487

487

640

944

878

813

749

640

542

456

380

354

354

800

770

590

590

590

560

501

461

428

444

407

472

461

590

900

1,130

1,130

900

770

650

560

650

620

710

770

710

590

590

444

428

June.

337

228

288

250

265

304

296

345

460

371

371

358

371

380

371

358

288

345

460

424

478

380

371

328

316

304

296

261

261

261

439

1,670

1,970

1,870

1,770

1,570

2,290

2,740

2,980

3,100

2,740

2,070

1,670

1,090

830

800

830

770

770

740

680

590

560

530

472

466

560

530

472

472

July.

261

272

228

272 288'

272

300

312

388

312

280

250

250

235

206

261

250

250

242

228

253

253

242

253

354

280

272

253

265

280

272

530

590

560

530

530

501

366

314

318

284

284

245

245

284

314

284

284

270

251

257

248

270

260

241

248

236

248

251

243

236

227

Aug.

.242

292

272

292

272

231

308

288

276

250

250

261

238

181

238

190

250

238

269

231

226

153

243

215

176

226

226

176

207

215

190

225

232

245

310

323

'328

314

301

284

280

310

323

276

310

284

293

284

251

241

225

236

227

208

216

217

212

208

210

209

216

217

Sept.

192

220

199

210

194

194

181

190

199

199

215

293

344

586

441

632

632

521

521

460

355

330

355

274

298

330

261

226

252

249

220

215

210

216

215

276

366

297

314

328

328

620

830

935

935

770

530

501

501

428

356

323

323

284

260

270

740

900

865

830

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15, Nov. 14-30, Dec. 11-31, 1914, Jan. 1 to Mar. 27 

and Dec. 15-31,1915, and Jan. 1 to Mar. 31,1916. Braced figures show mean discharge for periodsincluded.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., for the years ending Sept.

30,1915 and1916.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.]

Month.

1914-13.

May...........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July......................................... .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

599

1.220 

944 

478 

388 

308 

632

1,220

542 

406 

406 

3,690 

3,290 

1,130 

3,100 

590 

328 

935

3,690

Minimum.

176 

204

406 

354 

228 

206 

153 

181

215 

199 

255 

175 

190 

130 

680 

407 

439 

227 

208 

210

130

Mean.

312 

254 

253 

254 

381 

510 

705 

503 

338 

269 

236 

318

361

252 

449 

357 

268 

289 

656 

1,400 

635 

1,270 

321 

259 

473

550

Per 

square 

mile.

0.643 

.524 

.522 

.524 

.786 

1.05 

1.45 

1.04 

.697 

.555 

.487 

.656

.744

.520 

.926 

.736 

.553 

.596 

1.35 

2.89 

1.31 

2.62 

.662 

.534 

.975

1.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.74 

.58 

.60 

.60 

.82 

1.21 

1.62 

1.20 

' .78 

.64 

.56 

.73

10.08

.60 

1.03 

.85 

.64 

.64 

1.56 

3.22 

1.51 

2.92 

.76 

.62 

1.09

15.44

WAUPACA RIVER NEAR WEYAITWEGA. WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sec. 1, T. 21 N., E. 12 E., and sec. 6, T. 21N., R. 13 E.,

at highway bridge about 2J miles west of Weyauwega, Waupaca County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 308 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28 to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage, bolted to top chord, downstream truss, across left

channel; read daily, to hundredths, by Otto Reek. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading

about 300 feet above bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists of coarse gravel. Control is fairly

well-defined riffle about 30 feet downstream from gage. Right bank high, wooded,

and will be overflowed only occasionally; left bank low and subject to overflow;

road is high, so that during ordinary flood stages all the water will pass under the

bridge. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 2.36

feet, at 12 noon, September 29; minimum stage recorded 1.08 feet, at 12.30 p. m.,

August 28. 

REGULATION. Several power plants at Waupaca and above cause slight fluctuations

during low stages. The pondage at the various plants is small; mean monthly

discharge is believed to represent nearly the natural flow.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN.

Discharge measurements of Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., during the year ending

Sept, SO, 1916.

Date.

May 19

Made by 

F.A. Potts............

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

1.63

1.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

312

O4Q

Date. Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.46

Dis- . charge.

Sec.-ft. 

241

Daily gage height, in feet, of Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3................

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June. July.

1.71

1.86

1.63

1 f\d

1.42

1.43

1.40

1.33

1.36

1 97

i Q<;

i sd

i 31

1 19

1.27

Aug.

1.14

1.14

1.20

1.46

1.58

1.46

1 f*4

1.50

1.44

1 K.4

1.54

1.30

1 40

i 3ft

Sept.

1.20

1 9fl

1.10

1.46

1.28

1.24

1.30

1.58

1.28

1.52

2.30

2.30

1 Q4

1.72

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

in

20...............

91

22...............

23...............

24...............

OK

26...............

97

28...............

9Q

30............... 01

June.

1.42

1.48

1.74

July.

1.46

1.60

1.66

1.44

1.54

1.48

1.34

1.34

1.22

1.28

.28

.30

.18

1A.

.12

.20

Aug.

1.30

1.30

1.22

1.32

1.26

1.60

1.12

1.12

1.12

1.10

1.16

1.12

1.08

1.12

1.22

1.18

Sept.

1.76

1.52

1.68

1.54

1.50

1.54

1.50

1.46

1.38

1 30

1.54

2.15

2.35

1.80

1.64

SHEBOYGAN RIVER NEAR SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 15 N., R. 23 E., about 2 miles west of the city of Sheboygan,

Sheboygan County, and 2£ miles above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 403 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30 to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage, fastened to upstream side of bridge- read twice daily,

to hundredths, by Anton E. Opgenorth. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. At extreme

flood stages measurements are made from Chicago & North Western Railway

bridge, one-third mile downstream. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control, well-defined riffle about 200 feet below bridge.'

Channel of heavy gravel, clear, and free from aquatic grass. Both banks are of

medium height and are rarely overflowed. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 2.52

feet, at 6 p. m., September 29; minimum stage recorded, 1.84 feet, at 6.30 p. m.,

September 2.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

June 21

36

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. . ......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.97

2.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

350

139

Date. Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

73
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IT.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Shebm/gan River near Sheboygdn, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5. ..............

6...............

T... ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June. July.

2.45

2.27

2.31

2.25

2.22

2.20

2 22

2.22

2.07

2.08

2.14

2 12

2.10

2.13

2.06

Aug.

2.12

2.08

2.07

2.09

2.54

2.40

2.22

2.22

2 16

2.10

2.28

2.22

2.28

2.19

9 19

Sept.

2.07

1.89

2.02

1.91

1 98

2.13

2 14

2 21

2.12

2 1 J.

2.08

2.12

2.10

2.06

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June. July.

2.34

2.33

2.10

2.22

2.08

2.14

2.16

2.12

2.07

2.12

2.14

2.12

2.05

2.04

1.95

2.05

Aug.

2.10

2.10

2.12

2.12

2.09

2.06

2.08

2.09

2.06

2.08

2.10

2.16

2.04

2.05

2.02

2.06

Sept.

2.12

2.07

2.08

2.14

2.16

2.04

.2.03

2.11

2.18

1.96

2.12

2.12

2.20

2.41

2.34

MILWAUKEE RIVER NEAR MILWAUKEE, WIS.

LOCATION. In the NW. £ sec. 5, T. 7 N., R. 22 E., immediately above an old quarry 

near the north limits of Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, about half a mile below 

the concrete highway bridge and 1 mile above Mineral Spring road; about 5^ 

miles above the confluence of Milwaukee and Menominee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 661 square miles (measured on map issued by the Wisconsin 

Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 30, 1914, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm supported by two trees on the left 

bank of the river; read by Johanna Liebl October to March, by William Ploetz 

April to September.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of channel at gage heavy gravel; about 200 feet below 

the gage is a rock outcrop with a 4-foot fall which forms the control and is probably 

permanent. Below the control the river flows in an artificial channel which at 

one time was a quarry. Left bank above and below the control high and not 

subject to overflow; right bank above control of medium height; below the 

control the right bank is artificial and of such height that overflow will rarely 

occur.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading immediately above the gage section 

or from the lower members of a wooden railroad bridge about 700 feet below the 

gage. Bridge crosses an abandoned quarry, and the channel, being artificial, 

affords an excellent measuring section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.8 feet, at 3 p. m., 

March 29 (discharge, about 4,130 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.50 foot, 

at 8.31 a. m., August 2 (discharge, about 26 second-feet).

1914-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.58 feet, February 24, 1915 (discharge, 

5,280 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, August 2, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. No diurnal fluctuation at the gage resulting from operation of small 

plants above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except for effect of ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 88 and 3,710 second-feet; poorly defined 

outside these limits. Gage read twice daily, to quarter-tenths. Discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained from 

. results of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Openwater records excellent, except for. extremely high and low stages, for which they 

are only fair; winter records fair.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 45

Discharge measurements of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Feb. 16o

Mar. 30

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.47

2.06

4.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

509

216

3,230

> Date.

May 11

Sept. 16

Made by 

F. A. Potts.. ..........

H. C. Beckman. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

1.97

0.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,190

811

110

«Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..... .........

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29. .............

30.............. 01

Oct.

340

302

263

254

227

218

210

197

184

184

184

1S4

210

227

302

302

397

367

356

302

302

302

254

210

254

227

197

197

184

184

138

Nov.

176

184

184

184

176

168

122

138

112

122

131

157

168

240

263

146

146

288

569

734

997

820

734

777

734

734

908

1.180

1,460

1,460

Dec.

1,220

820

734

734

569

569

532

494

427

427

415

415

397

356

312

254

227

218

218

218

218

210

206

201

1Q7

184

184

197

240

263

Jan.

367

532

569

509

427

367

263

218

197

176

168

138

138

146

157

161

176

218

240

263

312

427

569

997

1,360

1,900

3,150

3,570

2,890

3,150

3,020

Feb.

3,020

2,890

2,760

1.790

1,360

997

734

569

494

427

367

^?19

263

263

218

216

187

187

187

187

176

176

176

157

138 -loo

105

no

Mar.

92

89

83

83

83

92

100

117

138

176

218

367

569

650

692

650

610

569

494

864

777

777

952

1,570

1 7QA

2,380

2

QQA

3,710

4,130

3,570

2

7C/1

Apr.

2,260

2,140

1,680

1,460

1,130

997

864

692

610

532

532

460

385

460

460

460

494

532

997

2,500

1,680

1,460

1,220

952

692

KCQ

494

460

497

May.

1,270

1,790

1,460

1,220

908

692

569

532

569

569

1,040

1,090

908

820

952

1,220

1,090

908

650

494

427

494

fiQO

734

CftQ

427

360

360

9Q4

294

OQ/l

June.

210

235

,264

327

327

235

1,180

2,260

2,500

2,500

2,020

1 680

1^270

1,090

1,270

1,180

1,360

1,040

864

777

569

427

dfift

497

367

373

OOQ

241

91 fi

ion

July.

301

294

259

185

162

88

140

120

120

86

111

83

93

88

83

69

83

76

91

140

101

93

205

114

111

86

76

64

66

69

69

Aug.

48

37

54

93

494

908

777

532

320

294

820

692

460

420

247

181

154

143

146

140

140

120

109

101

93

83

69

109

114

91

OS

Sept.

93

86

93

86

88

86

185

150

195

247

143

146

120

140

120

104

114

93

117

109

93

93

109

93

93

120

120

241

282

307

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17 to Mar. 19.

Monthly discharge of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916. \

[Drainage area, 661 square miles.]

Month.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

September.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

397 

1,460 

1,220 

3,570 

3,020 

4,130 

2,500 

1,790 

2,500 

301 

908 

307

4,130

Minimum.

138 

112 

184 

138 

92 

83 

385 

294 

190 

64 

37 

86

37

Mean.

247

474 

383 

864 

645 

1,030 

946 

764 

871 

120 

261 

136

561

Per 

square 

mile.

0.374 

. 717 

.579 

1.31 

.976 

1.56 

1.43 

1.16 

1.32 

.182 

.395 

.206

.849

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.80 

.67 

1.51 

1.05 

1.80 

1.60 

1.34 

1.47 

.21 

' .46 

.23

11.57
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

GRAND RIVER AT GRAND RAPIDS, HIGH.

LOCATION. At Fulton Street Bridge, Grand Rapids.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,900 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 12, 1901, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff, attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to tenths by 

C. A. Brink from October 1 to June 30 and by D. C. Mclntyre from July 1 to 

September 30.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 15.8 feet at 4.45 p. m. 

March 30; minimum stage recorded, 1.2 feet, during most of August and September.

ICE. Stage-dischir ge relation somewhat affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants above station may modify low-water flow.

ACCURACY. Thetw o or three measurements made since 1905 indicate that the rating 

curve used in 1905 was not applicable after that year.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by city engineer of Grand Rapids.

No discharge measurements made during the year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

7.............. 

8.............. 

9.............. 10..............

11.............. 

12.............. 

13. .............. 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.............. 

18.............. 

19. ............. 

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30................ 

31..............

Oct.

2.8

2.2

1.5

1.02

.9 

.9 

.55 

.32

.1

.2

.6 

.48

.4

.5 ""."is"

.5

.2

.38

.6

.7

.75

1.0

.98

.85

1.0

Nov.

1.0

1.02

1.1

1.0

1.0 

1.1 "i.'os"

1.0 

1.0

1.12 

1.02 

1.0

.98

1.0

.98 

1.05 

1.05 

1.05

1.0

.45 

.55

.85

.70

.50

Dec.

0.25

.3

.2

.5

.9 

1.2 

1.15 

.9 

.9

.85 "i.'o"

1 9

1.2

1.2

1.0 

1.0 "i.'6"

1.0

1.0

1.2 1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.2

Jan.

0 4S

.3

3.35

3.0 

2.0 

3.5 

.......

5.3 

7.0

8.75 

8.1

7.85

7.5 

7.25 

6.75 

6.4

7 Q

10.65

'i2."55"

11.3

9.75

o n

8

AE

7.0

" "6.'45~

Feb.

6.55

6.5

6.5

"ii.'i"

11.05 

10.9 

10.4

10.0 

9.65

Q ^

9.35

9.35

9.1 

9.05

8.65

7.6

5.65

e G.K

5.75

5.95

5.65

5.25

Mar.

4.65

4.2

3.45

3.3

3.0 

3.0 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.5

"*3.'6" 

3a

4.4

4.5

4.2 

4.0 

3......

2.5

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.75

8.85

U OK

14.25

15.7 

15.4

Apr.'

14.45

11.9

11.0

10.1

9.4

8.6 

7.6

"5.6"

4.55 

3.7 

3.15 2a

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.65 

2.55

3.5

3.6 "s.'e"

3.4

2.85

2.6 2 4

1.65

May.

1.45

1.25

1.35

1.85

1.55 

1.5 "i.Y"

1.6 

1.5

1.75 

1.8 

1.9

1 7S

2.6

4.6 

5.6 

6.2

6.5

4.8

3.45 

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

1.5 "i's"

June.

3.5

3.5

3 4

2.0

"3." ii>'

"2.4"

2.15

2

1

2.05

2.1

2.2

"i."75" 

l.«

1.4

1.1

.7 

.6

.8

1.65

1 Q

1.5

1.9

July.

3.4

3.35

1.8

1.05 

.35 

- .2

-".'75'

- .85 

-1.0 

-1.0 

 98

-1.0

- .95 

-1.0 

-1.0 -1.0

 n o

-1.0

-i.'os*

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

 1 0

-1.1

-i."i"

Aug.

-1.1

-1.1

-1.1

-1.08

-1.1

-i.'i" 

-1.1 -1.1 -1.1

-1.05 -1.1

Hi." 2" "

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2 

-1.2 -1.2

-1.2

-1.2 -1.2

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2 -1.2

Sept.

-1.2

-1.2

-1.1

-1.18 

-1.2 

-1.2 

-1.2

-1.2 

-1.2 

-1.2 

1.2

-1.2

-1.2

'-i."2 

-1.2 i «>

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

 .95

_ g

_ j j

-1.1

-1.1
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 47

MANISTEE RIVER WEAR SHERMAK, HIGH.

LOCATION. At North Bridge, 1 mile from Shennan, immediately above mouth of 

Wheeler Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 900 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 10,1903, to May 31, 1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage; read by Eunice Munn.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 6.4 feet at 3.45 

p. m., April 2 (discharge, 3,130 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.00 foot 

at 8.45 a. m., January 17 (discharge, about 580 second-feet; flow held back by 

an ice jam above gage).

WINTER FLOW. Stream freezes over and special studies are necessary to determine 

the winter flow. The constancy of flow is remarkable and is due to the fact that 

the water is derived from springs and ground water. A fairly close estimate of 

the discharge for the periods during which ice is present can be made by using 

climatic data and the general records.

ACCURACY. No current-meter measurements were made at this station during the 

year and the accuracy of discharge estimates published in the following tables 

depends upon the constancy of the stage discharge relation subsequent to August 

28, 1913, when the last current-meter measurement was made and upon the constancy of the length of the gage chain and of the position of the gage. Bating 

curve well defined between 885 and 2,880 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Manistee River near Sherman, Mich.,for the period Oct.

1, 1915, to May 31, 1916.

Day.

1. ...................

2....................

3....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9....................

10....................

11....................

12. ...................

13....................

14....................

15....................

16....................

17....................

18....................

19....................

20....................

21....................

22....................

23....................

24....................

25....................

26

27....................

28....................

29 .

30....................

31....................

Oct.

1,030

993

993

993

993

955

993

955

993

993

993

955

955

955

955

955

955

1,110

1,330

1,370

1,330

1,280

1,240

1,160

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,030

993

993

993

Nov.

993

993

993

955

955

955

955

955

955

955

993

993

993

993

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,110

1,280

1,370

1,370

1,280

1,200

1,200

1,200

1 9tn

1,280

1,240

1 &U1

Dec.

1,200

1,200

1,160

1,110

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,070

1 030

1,030

1 030

1*030

1 '993 030

955

010

1,030

1,030

1,030

OQS

885

919

955

993

993

993

AQQ

955

955

919

OKK

Jan.

955

1,110

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,030

1,030

1,030

993

1,030

1,070

955

Oil?

955

919

010

608

697

758

885

1,200

1,700

1,750

1,800

1,850

1,850 i am

1 Qflft

i fifn

1,600

1,460

Feb.

1 280

l'280

1,200

010

955

993

993

1,030

1,070

1,110

1,110

1,160

1,160

1,110

1,070

1,110

1,160

1,200

1,200

1,110

1,070

1,110

1,110

1,160

1,160

1,110

1,070

1,030 *a6q

Mar.

955

919

955

QKK

003

O17

O91

885

885

955

955

993

993

1,030

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,030

QEE

O5;^

955

AEC

919

955

1,070

1,330

I

EfiA

i flfift

2,120

2,520

2 

' 950

Apr.

3,070

3,130

3,010

2

QCft

2,880

2,760

2,640

2,340

2,170

2,120

2,060

1,950

1,850

1,850

1.900

i Qftft

1,950

1,950

2,010

2,010

o sutfl

2 ion

2,340

2,290

2,120

i Qfin

1,800

1,650

1,«X)

1 560

May.

1,510

1,510

1,560

1

EAA

1,600

1,600

1,650

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,650

1,600

1,560

1,510

1,460

1,460

1,420

1,420

1,370

1,420

1,460

1,510

1 4fifi

1,420

1 420

1,370

1,330

1,280

1 94ft
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Manistec River near Sherman, Mich.,forthe period Oct. 1, 1915, to

May 31, 1916.

[Drainage area, 900 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,370 

1,370 

1,200 

1,900 

1,280 

2,950 

3,130 

1,700

Minimum.

955 

955 

885 

608 

919 

885 

1,560 

1,240

Mean.

1,050 

1,090 

1,010 

1,220 

1,100 

1,180 

2,200 

1,500

Per 

square 

mile.

1.17 

1.21 

1.12 

1.36 

1.22 

1.31 

2.44 

1.67

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.35 

1.35 

1.29 

1.57 

1.32 

1.51 

2.72 

1.92

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON.

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, MICH.

LOCATION. At Highway bridge at Freeland.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,530 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22,1903, to August 3,1906; October 28,1906, to December 31, 1909; January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1916.

COOPERATION. Estimates of daily discharge were made and furnished by G. S. 

Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

14 ' 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 20.:............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

2&..... .........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

so... .........:.

31.,......,,....

Oct.

1,993 

1,905 

1,905 

1,865 

1,833

1,825 

1,809 

1,745 

1,713 

1,670

1,635 

1,600 

1,584 

1,560 

1,020

990 

1,635 

1,833 

2,150 

2,270

2,440 

2,570 

2,520 

2,400 

2,246

2,025 

1,841 

1,786 

1,706 

1,670 :

Nov.

1,635 

1,670 

1,635 

1,600 

1,560

1,600 

1,600 

1,635 

1,600 

1,560

1,560 

1,520 

1,520 

1,520 

1,340

1,270 

1,249 

1,520 

1,600 

2,400

3,380 

3,100 

2,965 

2,745 

2,400

2,230 

2,270 

2,315 2, 610* 

4,756

Dec.

4,000 

3,195 

3,055 

2,480 

2,600

2,896 

2,430 

2,527 

2,430 

2,250

2,075 

1,880 

1,673 

1,545 

1,545

1,535 

1,522 

1,522 

1,483 

1,442

1,365 

1,342 

1,365 

1,390 

1,410

1,432 

1,455 

1,442 

1,432 

1,410 

1,300

Jan.

1,365 

1,687 

1,760 

2,060 

2,725

3,402 

3,170 

2,470 

2,060 

1,880

1,855 

1,830 

1,760 

1,626 

1,522

1,410 

1,300 

1,365 

1,342 

1,365

3,010 

3,500 

3,500 

3,500 

3,500

3,500 

3,500 

3,500 

3,500 

3,420 

3,237

Feb.

3,420 

3,390 

3,330 

3,285 

2,775

2,645 

2,620 

2,525 

2,430 

2,340

2,275 

2,250 

2,250 

2,250 

2,222

2,200 

2,182 

2,162 

2,125 

2,110

2,100 

2,040 

1,880 

1,760 

1,760

1,687 

1,627 

1,545 

1,522

Mar.

1,469 

1,365 

1,320 

1,264 

1,267

1,264 

1,244 

1,224 

1,215 

1,191

1,185 

1,191 

1,244 

1,300 

1,410

1,522

1,478 

1,455 

1 432 

1,390

1,410 

1,432

1,464 

1,478 

1,491

1,855 

8,000 

12,000 

30,000 

25,000 

25,000

Apr.

20,000 

16,000 

15,000 

13,600 

9,980

9,010 

8,400 

6,650 

6,090 

4,800

4,200 

3,665 

3,665 

3,683 

3,710

3.900 

4,200 

3,973 

3,910 

3,810

5,275 

8,575 

8,364 

6,930 

6,035

5,08ft 

4,500 

4,100 

3,620 

i§>240

May.

3,475 

4,250 

5,475 

5,275 

4,770

4,250 

3,590 

3,475 

3,493 

4,600

9,010

8,575 

6,360 

5,375 

4,970

5,325 

4,950 

4,070 

3,570 

3,330

3,760 

4,460 

4,250 

3,810 

3,240

3,195 

3,177 

3,150 

3,082 

3,055 

4,070

June.

3,810 

3,520 

3,910 

3,590 

3,520

3,475 

3,570 

3,810 

6,750 

8,244

8,220 

7,500 

6,480 

5,829 

5,125

4,570 

4,550 

4,570 

4,550 

3,955

3,620 

3,015 

2,875 

2,655 

2,675

2,655 

2,400 

2,315 

2,245 

2,155

July.

2,000 

1,865 

1,670 

1,480 

1,385

1,300 

1,270 

1,335 

1,235 

1,235

1,170 

1,140 

1,140 

1,600 

2,245

1,995 

1,785 

1,600 

1,480 

1,340

1,315 

1,325 

1,300 

1,200 

1,120

1,110 

1,100 

1,080 

1,050 

1,050 

1,050'

Aug.

1,040 

1,020 

1,020 

1,020 

1,000

990 

1,000 

1,020 

1,040 

1,020

1,050 

1,055 

1,060 

1,050 

1,060

1,080 

1,060 

1,050 

1,060 

1,080

1,080 

1,060 

1,050 

1,040 

1,020

1,020 

1/020 

990 

390 

1,000 

1,020

Sept.

1,020 

1,010 

1,000 

1,020 

1,020

1,000 

1,020 

1,010 

990 

912

900 

930 

930 

960 

990

990 

998 

990 

960 

930

900 

930 

930 

960 

990

1,020 

1,020 

1,050 

1,140 

1,200)
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 49

Monthly discharge of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mii:h*.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 2,530 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

January.

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,570 

4,750 

4,000 

3,500 

3,420 

25,000 

20,000 

9,010 

8,244 

2,245 

1,080 

1,200

25,000

Minimum.

990 

1,249 

1,300 

1,300 

1,522 

1,185 

3,240 

3,055 

2,155 

1,050 

990 

900

900

Mean.

1,850 

2,010 

1,920 

2,440 

2,300 

4,050 

6,800 

4,430 

4,210 

1,390 

1,030 

991

2,780

Per 

square 

mile.

0.731 

.794 

.759 

.964 

.909 

1.60 

2.69 

1.75 

1.66 

.549 

.407 

.392

1.10

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

.89 

.88 

1.11 

.98 

1,84 

3.00 

2.02 

1.85 

.63 

.47 

.44

14.95

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the TJ. S. Geological Survey. 

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 

HURON RIVER AT DEXTER, MICH.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge at Dexter, one-fourth mile below mouth of 

Mill Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1904, to April 1, 1916, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Standard chain attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening by 

D. M. Litchfield.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat several hundred feet below gage or 

from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The high water that carried out the gage on March 12,1908, 

caused permanent change in bed of river; a small headrace runs to an abandoned 

mill on left bank; at ordinary stages little or no water flows into this headrace, 

but at high stages a small quantity of water may pass through it around the gage.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.95 feet, at 5 p. m., 

March 31; minimum stage recorded, 0.0 foot, November 11.

ICE. Little ice forms at this section; current swift.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by Eastern Michigan Edison Co..

Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

89873° WSP 434 17 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Dexter, Mick., for the period Oct. 1, 1915,

to Apr. 1, 1916.

<* 

Day.

1..............................

2..............................

S........ ......................

4t. .............................

5..............................

6..............................

7..............................

8..............................

9..............................

10. .............................

11..............................

12:.............................

13..............................

14..............................

15..............................

16..............................

17..............................

1ft

19..............................

20..............................

21..............................

22..............................

23..............................

24..............................

25..............................

26..............................

27..............................

28..............................

29..............................

QA

31..............................

Oct.

1.12

1.28

1.18

1.08

.90

.88

.78

.68

.60

.60

.60

.52

.50

.48

4H

48

.45

Kf\

.48

4<i

.38

.38

.40

.32

.30

.28

.28

.28

.22

.20

.18

Nov.

0.15

.12

.10

.10

 .10

« 

.12

.12

.10

.10

.05

.00

.20

.18

.15

.20

.20

.20

OO

.45

.55

.60

.55

.52

£9

60

.60

.62

.70

.60

.58

Dec.

0.50

.52

.48

.40

.38

.32

.30

.30

.28

.22

.20

.20

.20

.18

.18

.18

.15

.20

.15

.10

.10

.10

.12

.18

.22

.22

.18

.18

.18

.15

.20

Jan.

0.28

1.25

1.40

1.40

1.42

1.38

1.32

1.20

1.05

.90

.88

.92

1.05

.80

.80

.82

1.25

2.55

3.10

3.05

2.70

2.20

1.50

1.45

1.42

1.48

1.78

1.90

1.85

1.95

2.88

Feb.

2.50

2.55

1.98

1.88

1.65

1.55

1.50

1.58

1.70

1.48

1.25

1.08

.88

.80

.72

.58

.60

.52

.58

.50

.48

.45

.62

.78

.90

.82

.80

.78

.68

Mar.

0.75

.75

.58

.48

.38

.35

.40

.72

.80

.80

.78

.78

1.08

1.18

1.18

.98

.90

1.00

.80

.70

.68

.78

.70

.60

.85

3.02

4.55

4.45

4.35

4.50

4.92

Apr.

4.80

HURON RIVER AT BARTON, HIGH.

LOCATION. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Barton, 

near Ann Arbor, 4 miles above the station at Geddes.

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1 to September 30,1916.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Flow computed from records of operation of power 

plant, the flow through under-sluices during floods, and the depth of flow over 

dam. The flow through the power house is determined from a calibration of the 

turbines by means of a specially constructed weir, the crest of which was formed 

by a J-inch by 5-inch milled plate, the discharge over the weir being computed 

by Bazin's formula for free overflow. The greater part of the flood water passes 

through under-sluices in the power-house foundations, and this flow is determined 

from a weir calibration of the sluices. Water flows over crest of dam only a few 

days during the year.

COOPERATION. Estimates of daily discharge made and furnished by G. S. Williams, 

consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.
STREAMS TKIBUTABY TO LAKE ERIE. 51

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Barton, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8. .............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

754

776

774

756

711

688

653

605

549

559

535

548

480

539

481

502

435

593

417

474

476

463

425

425

420

418

386

399

379

366

325

Nov.

339

308

299

314

292

297

276

302

289

285

307

306

353

238

421

455

332

354

428

567

344

524

549

540

561

560

550

545

529

Dec.

508

516

478

515

406

478

444

425

395

410

375

324

340

329

267

336

335

344

308

304

532

304

634

296

288

350

368

319

293

332

339

Jan.

406

1,055

952

909

1,040

958

750

763

757

695

735

775

80f

588

571

553

447

404

449

455

756

1.176

1.102

1,008

981

1,072

1,157

1,273

1,298

1,291

2,346

Feb.

1,671

1,467

1,265

1,068

1,416

1,222

1,005

847

906

816

764

725

591

563

645

637

557

616

482

4.QJ.

529

538

717

746

745

763

fiSO

611

629

Mar.

601

516

573

495

475

463

624

749

631

615

634

810

895

896

777

788

689

747

694

662

693

743

572

600

899

2,658

3,951

3,500

3,226

3,378

3,664

Apr.

3,506

3,350

2,973

2,531

2,293

2,116

1 905

1,765

1,632

1,486

1,385

1 287

1,215

1,225

1,133

1,164

1,175

1,172

1,215

1,338

1,242

1,123

1,186

1,144

1,087

1,053

1,021

1,005

1,045

840

May.

824

791

797

840

809

744

762

752

680

742

719

783

613

677

1,349

1,766

1,522

1,386

1,349

1,281

1,261

1,234

1,301

1,256

1,113

 1,022

1,019

917

884

1,062

1,121

June.

1,080

-1,021

1,019

1,007

978

875

952

973

971

887

839

824

808

782

828

808

688

699

682

548

604

559

526

646

619

525

535

508

502

566

July.

757

745

555

496

424

406

339

342

343

293

266

253

291

243

249

264

203

213

206

259

192

244

275

352

259

306

230

267

282

321

390

Aug.

243

218

204

192

177

161

172

188

153

174

175

183

146

161

118

119

115

123

185

46

151

143

174

189

184

189

107

141

134

132

Sept.

177

146

130

22

163

164

180

149

154

101

129

120

126

129

118

126

159

159

110

135

109

O7

38

136

133

148

192

195

171

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Barton, Mich., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

March... .... ......... ..... ...

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

776 

567 

634 

2,346 

1,671 

3,951 

3,506 

1,766 

1,080 

757 

243 

195

3,951

Minimum.

325 

238 

267 

404 

482 

463 

840 

613 

502 

192 

46 

22

22

Mean.

526 

400 

384 

888 

816 

1,200 

1,550 

1,010 

762 

331 

159 

135

680

Per 

square 

mile.

0.728 

.553 

.531 

1.23 

1.13 

1.66 

2.14 

1.40 

1.05 

.458 

.220 

.187

.941

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

.62 

.61 

1.42 

1.22 

1.91 

2.39 

1.61 

1.17 

.53 

.25 

.21

12.78

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the U.S. Geological Survey. 

HURON RIVER AT FLAT ROCK, MICH.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge at'Flat Rock, 2,000 feet below the crossing of

Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railway. 

DEAINAGE AREA. 1,000 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6,1904, to September 30,1916. 

GAGE. Staff; read daily, morning and evening, to tenths, by C. L. Metier. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent.
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

EXTREMES op STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.4 feet, at 7 a. m.,

March 28; minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot, September 5, 11,12, 14, and 28. 

ICE. Ice jams form below the station and cause backwater at the gage; in general the

section above the station is kept open by the power plant. 

REGULATION. At ordinary stages flow of the river is controlled by a dam and power

plant immediately above station, but operation of this plant is assumed to have

little effect on diurnal fluctuations of stage. 

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by Eastern Michigan Edison Co.,

Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

14..............

16..............

19..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4.3

4.3

4.3

3.85

4.15

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.3

2.85

3

nc

2.9

2.9

2 95

2

0

2.8

2.65

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.95

2.6

2.15 

2.7

2.65

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.4

Nov.

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

1.85

1.65

1.7

1.6

2.2

2.0

2.0

2 A

2.05

2.0

i s^i

2.5

2.8

2.3

2.25

i ft

2.7

2.35

3.15

3.05

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.85

3.3

Dec.

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.65

2.7

2.65

2.75

2.35

2.3

9 o

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.35

2 9

2.05

2.0

Q A

2.5

2.5

1 95

2.1

2.0

9 7

2.8

2.15

2.05

Jan.

2.0

3.6

6.1

6.4

5.5

5.65

5.2

4.75

4.6

4.4

4 1

? O

4 65

4.9

3.6

3.0

3

n

3.95

4.15

4.0

3 9

4.65

6.0

6.45

5.55 

5.05

5.3

6.95

6.05

5.7

7.15

Feb.

7 S^

O Q

ft *7

ft £

Q 9

ft ft

7 9

6.8

6.85

7 is;

6.6

£ O

6.0

5.65

5

QC

5 75

5.45

4.4

4.85

A 7

4 9

6.0

6.25 

5.5

A Q

4.6

A ft

Mar.

4.65

4.35

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.05

3.9

4.85

6.2

4.85

4.85

A. Q

5.7

6.4

C ft

5.2

5 9

4.7

4.6

4.55

A A

4.75

5.15

4.65

4.4

fi Q

9.45

10.25

9.2

8.6

8.5

Apr.

8.65

8.7

8.6

8.4

8.05

7.75

7.3

7.1

6.7

6.45

6.0

5 65

5

C

5.3

f, 9

<; ft '4 9

<; ft

<; 1

5.35

5.55

K KK

5.05

4.95

5.1

4.8

4.7

4 45

4.35

4.2

May.

4.0

3.95

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.95

4.0

3.65

3.8

3.45

3.55

3.8

3.7

3.4

4.4

5.9

6.9

6.55

5.85

5.6

5.3

5.25

5.35

5.35

5.4 

5.0

4.6

4.6

4.45

5.4

5.0

June.

5.05

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.7

5.05

4.95

4.9

4.6

4.3

4.05

3.9

4.0

4.2

3.5

3.45

3.3

3.55

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.3 

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.6

July.

2.85

3.6

3.6

3.6

2.75

2.55

2.45

2.4

1.6

1.7

1.55

9 9

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.55

1.75

1.6

1.5

2.15 

1.85

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.55

Aug.

2.2

1.9

1.65

1.55

1.55

1,5

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.45

1.45

1 **^

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.8

1.55

1.4

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2 

1.35

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.35

1.2

Sept.

1.25

1.2

1.3

1.25

1.0

1.15

1.15

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

i 9

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.65

 1.6

1.35

1.45

1.4

1.3 

1.0

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

CATTARATJGTJS CREEK AT VERSAILLES, N. 7.

LOCATION. At the three-span highway bridge in the village of Versailles, Cattaraugus

County, 2J miles above mouth of Clear Creek, about 6 miles below Gowanda,

and about 8 miles above mouth of stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 187 square miles (measured on Post-Route map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 23, 1910, to September 30,1918. Data published

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State

of New York conservation commission.

GAGE. Chain, on upstream side of right span of bridge; read by James Palmer. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS . Made from thejiownstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rock and gravel, shifting. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 fefet at 2 p. m.,

March 28 (discharge, about 14,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.45

feet, several times during September (discharge, 64 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 11.6 feet at 5.40 p. m. March 25, 1913

(discharge, about 30,000 second -feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.65 feet August

21, September 6 and 7,1913 (discharge, 55 second-feet).
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 53

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice for a considerable 

portion of February and March. A shift in the control occurred during the high 

water of March 27 to 29, and again during the high water on May 17. Rating curve 

used October 1 to March 27 well defined between 200 and 2,000 second-feet; 

other rating curves not well defined. Indirect method for shifting control used 

from May 17 to June 10. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results fair 

except for periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, and 

possibly when shift occurred in control.

Discharge measurements of Cattaraugus River at Versailles, N. T% during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 29

29

May 19

19

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feel.

6 01

7.72

7.61

5.95

5.87

5.25

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

419

6,220

5,670

1.610

1,480

522

Date.

July 23

23

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.28

4.86

4.86

4.84

4.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

549

221

222

204

201

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y'., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

222

1,270

675

468

2,600

1,270

1,810

1,200

1,020

1,120

675

541

445

360

2,360

980

594

492

2,980

1,080

730

541

402

360

360

304

286

286

286

304

268

Nov.

253

253

253

286

268

268

253

268

253

268

253

268

253

253

286

445

340

340

702

1,430

1,430

1,120

882

948

1,200

1,430

1,610

1.350

948

850

Dec.

702

790

702

702

675

675

594

568

568

468

541

541

648

541

402

508

675

3,870

1,120

1,120

790

820

790

1,050

1,610

2,850

1,430

1,080

850

594

760

Jan.

948

13,300

3,260

1,610

2,020

5,210

1,810

850

702

915

1,270

820

1,430

790

541

675

445

381

882

1,120

1,810

5,210

1,710

1,020

1,020

1,050

1,120

1 4V>

1,020

1,050

1,120

Feb.

1,610

790

402

568

760

760 "

702

286

268

238

222

194

182

170

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

157

182

340

360

381

468

Mar.

515

515

515

422

422

422

422

422

515

2,980

2,980

2,240

1,610

1,080

948

760

648

568

541

492

445

445

422

402

381

1,520

11,100

13,600

7,220

4,310

4,650

Apr.

4,310

3,670

1,890

1,890

1,330

1,200

965

926

876

840

804

1,330

2,570

9,600

2,960

1,420

1,200

1,060

840

840

2,830

7,610

2,570

1,690

1,300

1,890

1,690

1 600

1^140 s/u

May.

725

648

670

 onn

692

582

510

JSft

460

416

373

335

312

312

460

4,310

8,860

2,600

1,220

1,020

895

3,880

1,380

1,190

1,160

1,080

1,160

858

7QC

738

June.

AOK

199

551

680

738

625

680

1,270

985

703

1,050

1,020

680

493

1,710

1,050

946

Q4fi

1 380

985

895

703

592

404

386

040

325

qoK

July.

310

474

985

522

456

386

310

297

245

245

245

245

234

1,320

430

297

245

245

217

200

189

189

200

200

189

180

180

189

189

152

143

Aug.

143

143

135

194

124

124

113

113

124

113

113

135

234

234

166

113

105

124

124

113

105

113

113

81

81

99

124

00

81

81

81

Sept.

81

81

81

72

75

90

75

105

200

152

113

105

81

81

105

99

75

81

81

75

81

81

90

90

90

81

75

61

61

81

NOTE. Discharge Feb. 9 to Mar. 9 estimated, because of ice, from one discharge measurement, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with records for adjacent streams.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 467 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December........................... ......

January................... ... .

March..................... .

April.............................

May............................... .

June _ .................. . .

July...........................................

September......................... .

The year ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,980 

1,610 

3,870 

13,300 

1,610 

13,600 

ft, 600 

8,860 

1,710 

1,320 

234 

200

13,600

Minimum.

222 

253 

402

381 

157 

381 

804 

312 

325 

143 

81 

61

61

Mean.

848, 

632 

939 

1,820 

370 

2,050 

2,120 

1,310 

753 

320 

122 

90

952

Per

square 

mile.

1.82 

1.35 

2.01 

3.90 

.792 

4.39 

4.54 

2.81 

1.61 

.685 

.261 

.193

2.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.10 

1.51 

2.32 

4.50 

1 .85 

5.06 

5.06 

3.24 

1.80 

.79 

.30 

.22

27.75

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

LITTLE TONAWANDA CREEK AT LINDEN, N. T.

LOCATION. At the stone-arch highway bridge in the village of Linden, Genesee 

County, about 3 miles above the junction with Tonawanda Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 22 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right upstream abutment of bridge; lower 2 feet of enameled 

iron, graduated to hundredths of foot; upper 4 feet of bronze, graduated to halftenths. Gage read by C. L. Schenck.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 1,000 feet above gage or by wading 

near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A standard Francis weir 2.01 feet long and 8 inches high 

has been constructed under the upstream side of the bridge. When the water 

overtops this weir it flows over a 2-inch plank about 13 feet long, including the 

2 feet of weir.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1912-1916: Maximum stage 14.6 feet during the flood of 

April 22, 1916, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 2,400 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 0.21 foot at 8.30 a. m., September 23, 1916 (discharge, 0.55 second-foot); minimum stage recorded, 1912- 

1916: 0.18 foot August 20 and 21, September 14 to 16 and October 8, 1913 (discharge, 0.43 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice or back water. 

Rating curve well denned below 800 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating 

table. Results good for all except extremely high stages, for which they are fair.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 55

Discharge measurements of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 30

Apr. 27

27

Made by 

.....do..................

Gaee 

height.

Feet. 

4.56

3.24

3.28

Discharge.

Sec.~ft. 

354

206

214

Date.

June 16

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.92

1.90

Dis- * 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

79.8

74.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y'.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... ........

2.............

3.............

4....

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

1.62

14

9.0

5.6

18

12

7.8

6.4

5.6

6.6

5.6

4.2

3.36

3.07

15

9.0

7.2

5.6

17

11

7.8

6.1

5.1

4.6

4.4

4.2

3.6

3.5

3.36

4.1

4.2

Nov.

3.7

3.00

3.07

4.1

4.2

3.6

3.36

3.21

2.93

2.93

2.93

3.00

2.93

4.1

6.1

4 Q

4.6 7 >

15

21

16

14

13

13

37

32

25

17

13

Dec.

11

12

11

10

9.7

8.7

8.7

8.4

8.1

8.4

9.0

9.0

9.0

7.5

8.4

8.4

9 A

108

51

25

24

20

20

23

104

83

47

34

26

40

24

Jan.

51

770

95

63

261

117

51

27

21

26

32

22

55

21

16

14

12

9.7

9 7

9 7

91

223

51*

38

22

35

63

59

21

21

63

Feb.

43

20

13

10

9.7

10

6.9

9.0

8.4

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.2

7.5

7.8

7.5

6 Q

6.6

6.1

6.6

6.6

6.1

7.8

7.2

6.6

6.1

7.8

Mar.

7.8

7.5

7.2

6.9

6.6

6.4

9.7

14

14

9.7

16

15

16

20

16

16

13

13

13

12

12

11

11

10

13

33

484

1,090

516

390

330

Apr.

316

164

99

79

71

59

41

37

38

41

47

75

122

390

95

55

51

34

24

24

71

484

1fi4

99

Q1

108

175

75

43

33

May.

26

24

28

32

21

16

14

20

15

12

10.4

7.8

6.9

6.6

10

810

274

112

>>Q

43

26

87

126

47

25

17

26

26

15

30

10

June.

12

187

274

79

71

37

25

43

31

20

135

59

29

18

25

37

104

39

47

51

35

24

16

13

13

9.7

8.1

6.9

6.6

6.4

July.

6.1

4.9

71

26

11

7.2

5.9

4.9

4.2

3.9

4.2

3.5

29

55

13

7.8

5.6

3.9

3.6

3.36

3.07

3.14

2.93

2.79

2.72

2.72

3.36

3.07

2.12

2.51

2.51

Aug.

2.25

2.12

2.12

2.12

1.99

1.99

1.74

1.81

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.68

2.65

1.62

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.45

1.45

1.34

1.28

1.17

1.12

1.17

1.12

1.07

1.23

1.28

1.12

.96

.96

Sept.

0.91

1.07

.91

.96

.87

.91

.96

1.39

1.07

.96

.96

.82

.77

.77

.91

.87

.87

.87

.77

.72

.68

.68

.68

.77

.77

.72

.77

.59

.68

.68

Monthly discharge of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 22.0 square miles.]

Month.

January. ... ...................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18 

37 

108 

770 

43 

1,090 

484 

810 

274 

71 

2.65 

1.39

1,090

Minimum.

1.62 

2.93 

7.5 

9.7 

6.1 

6.4 

24 

6.6 

6.4 

2.12 

.96 

.59

.59

Mean.

7.04 

9.64 

25.4 

76.5 

9.43 

101 

107 

64.5 

48.7 

9.8 

1.57 

.85

38.6

Per

square 

mile.

0.320 

.438 

1.15 

3.48 

.429 

4.59 

4.87 

2.93 

2.21 

.445 

.071 

.039

1.75

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.49 

1.33 

4.01 

.46 

5.29 

5.43 

3.38 

2.47 

.51 

.08 

.04

23.86
56 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PABT IV.

GENESEE RIVER AT SCIO, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge, one-fourth mile above Vandermark Creek, 

half a mile above the village of Scio, Allegany County, and 1 mile above Knight' 

Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 297 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

map of scale 1:500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE . June 12 to September 30,1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to downstream face of left bridge abutment; read by 

Raymond Sisson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of the bridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded, 8.7 feet at 8 a. m. June 17; minimum 

stage recorded, 0.60 foot August 25 and 28.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice.

Discharge measurements ofGenesee River at Sew, N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

June 12......... . ......

14.......................

14.......................

20.......................

20.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.31

2.00

1.93

3.62

3.43

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

953

595

562

1,900

1,700

Date.

June 20. ......................

July 24. ......................

Sept. 11.......................

11......................

11..... .................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.27

.80

.70

.68

.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 

1,560

67.2

43.1

36.5

37.3

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River, at Scio, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3. ..............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

........

850

720

572

600

July.

361

298

949

194

170

154

136

132

166

128

154

242

1 AO

Aug.

61

61

61

61

61

57

47

45

41

45

KK

53

Sept.

43

41

41

45

43

41

43

41

41

45

41

41

49

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

31...............

June.

1,070

8,850

3,050

2,100

1,680

1,400

1,310

815

720

920

572

490

920

490

438

July.

114

111

104

88

80

80

104

83

72

69

66

66

61

61

61

64

Aug.

41

51

41

41

43

41

41

38

28

25

25

28

57

45

41

41

Sept.

61

53

59

57

55

53

57

65

57

41

41

41

43

53

45

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Scio, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 297 square miles.]

Month.

June,12-30................ ...... ....... .....

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,850 

361 

61

88

Minimum.

438 

61 

25 

41

Mean.

1,450 

143 

45.4

48.5

Per 

square 

mile.

4.88 

.481 

.153 

.163

Run-off - 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.04 

.55 

.18

.18
STBEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE ONTAEIO. 57

GENESEE RIVER AT ST. HELENA, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge in the hamlet of St. Helena, Wyoming 

County,, about 5$ miles below the village of Portageville and the site of the proposed storage dam of the State of New York Conservation Commission, and 9J 

miles above the mouth of Canaseraga Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,030 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 14,1908, to September 30,1916. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder, installed July 22, 1916. Prior to 

this date a chain fastened to the upstream side of the bridge, middle span, installed August 14, 1908, and a Gurley printing water-stage recorder, installed 

August 24,1911. Water-stage recorder inspected and chain gage read by Herman 

Piper.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND' CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; shifting occasionally.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

12.81 feet at 8 a. m. May 17 (discharge 43,500 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

water-stage recorder, 1.83 feet at 11 p. m. September 3 (discharge, 52 second-feet). 

1908-1916: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, May 17, 1916; minimum stage recorded, 1.70 feet at 5 p. m. October 5 and 8 a. m. October 17, 1913 

(discharge, about 18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between dates of shifting, 

except as affected by ice. Rating curve used October 1 to March 28 and January 18 to September 30 well defined between 75 and 2,000 second-feet and fairly 

well defined between 2,000 and 30,000 second-feet. Rating curve used March 29 

to June 17 fairly well defined between 600 and 3,500 second-feet and well defined 

between 3,500 and 27,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating 

table mean daily gage heights determined by averaging hourly gage heights 

from the printed record or by inspecting gage-height graph from the seven-day 

recorder.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Tan. 21a

Feb. 15&

26«

Mar. 16«

28 

Apr. 1

13

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell.. ......

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.38

4.00

5.13

5.48

10.17 

8.65

7.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

728

455

571

326

28.100 

14,600

8,170

Date.

Apr. 22

28

28

May 11

11

July 23

Sept. 8

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do...................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.29

6.08

5.98

3.62

3.61

2.77

2.62

" Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

24,400

4,940

4,670

7Q7

763 

330

244

Complete ice cover. 6 Incomplete ice cover.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

219

1,820

1.230

729

5,020

3,330

1,820

1,360

1,010

O^d

774

608

508

443

2,690

1,580

1,200

2,020

2,020

1,880

1,420

1,100

880

738

672

608

552

492

471

464

Nov.

443

402

S89

429

409

450

429

396

376

376

350

382

443

492

396

640

648

632

870

2,590

2,350

2,590

1,820

1,500

1,260

1,660

3,110

2,690

1,560

1,150

Dec.

932

820

774

729 '672

600

552

538

522

d9O

443

370

492

443

328

356

500

2,790

3,560

1,920

1,210

1,080

1,050

954

1,330

*,280

2,690

2,000

1,290

860

1,190

Jan.

1,420

8,360

in niY>

8,680

9 fisn

12,800

5,420

3,000

2,160

1,970

2,020

1,570

2,060

1,210

720

508

450

429

429

471

910

3,560

3,440

1,720

1,350

1,240

1,900

3,560

2,490

1,510

1,820

Feb.

3,440

2 i>tf)

1,240

672

71 9

900

712

415

350

334

300

295

295

344

478

640

616

552

485

457

443

450

464

485

552

568

584

545

608

Mar.

568

530

485

471

443

436

436

680

1,020

1,020

860

720

624

584

568

600

624

640

624

624

632

640

640

1,020

1,250

1,390

9,000

21,700

21.800

18,800

20,000

Apr.

17,700

14,500

7,750

6,410

4,580

4,090

3,110

2,830

2,560

2

oqn

2,560

4,700

7,400

13,500

10 800

4,830

3,420

3,020

2,310

2,000

5,230

20,600

10,800

6,260 4 inn

5,370

4,960

3,210

2,480

May

2,000

1,640

1,460

2,000

1,580

1,300

1,150

1,020

970

S7fl

779

676

602

560

655

11,300

29,000

7,400

4,090

3,020

2,230

1,790

5,660

3,020

2,080

1,930

1,560

1,790

1,570

1,380

1,170

June.

970

2,160

4,330

2

CftA

1,930

1,510

3,740

2,740

2,560

3,420

3,420

2,310

1,780

 1,720

5,950

8,100

10,600

6,160

7,270

4,520

4,400

^i fMfl

2,460

2,460

2,090

1,580

1,440.

1,700

1,170

July.

976

QAA

1,390

1,240

am

720

608

530

478

471

457

600

1,540

son

592

471

402

363

322

295

306

312

295

245

224

215

1*211 ^195

166

195

Aug.

177

166

1 v»

150

144

130

157

150

141

1QC

132

135

154

206

184

160

160

130

130

90

138

122

110

98

122

112

85

135

118

87

118

Sept.

198

115

77

108

110

106

104

1Q*

OIK

166

180

IQQ

128

115

on

138

173

166

1W

138

130

130

100

150

115

115

110

115

115

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 15-21 and Feb. 9 to Mar. 27; discharge estimated 

from current-meter measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge ofGenes«e River at St. Helena, N. Y. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

September. ....................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,020 

3,110

5,280 

12,800 

3,440 

21,800 

20,600 

29,000 

10,600 

1,540 

206 

215

29,000

Minimum.

219 

350 

328 

429 

295 

436 

2,000 

560 

815 

166 

87 

77

77

Mean.

1,360 

1,040 

1,180 

3,120 

693 

3,530 

6,320 

3,100 

3,300 

547 

136 

131

2,040

Per 

square 

mile.

1.32 

1.01 

1.15 

3.03 

.673 

3.43 

6.14 

3.01 

3.20 

.531 

.132 

.127

1.98

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.52 

1.13 

1.33 

3.49 

.73 

3.95 

6.85 

3.47 

3.57 

.61 

.15 

.14

26.94
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 59

GENESEE RIVER AT JONES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, 1£ miles below Canaseraga 

Creek, about If miles above mouth of Beads Creek, 5 miles below village of 

Mount Morris, Livingston County, and 6 miles, by river, above village of Geneseo.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,410 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22,1903, to April 30,1906; August 12, 1908, to December 

31, 1913; July 12, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1915, on right 

bank about 60 feet downstream from the bridge. * Gage used prior to 1915 was a 

chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge. Datum of water-stage 

recorder 2.73 feet higher than that of chain gage. Water-stage recorder inspected 

by Theron S. Trewer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge erected on the lower chord of 

the upstream truss of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sandy clay; likely to shift but, as shown by current-meter 

measurements, fairly permanent in recent years.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

25.44 feet at noon May 17 (discharge 55,100 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder, 0.60 foot at 1 a. m. September 1 (discharge, 86 second-feet). 

1903-1916 (not including periods of no record; see "Records available"): 

Maximum stage recorded May 17, 1916; minimum stage recorded, 2.7 feet at 6 

p. m. August 29, 1909 (discharge about 18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. During extremely low water there is some diurnal fluctuation in flow 

from mills at Mount Morris.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shift, 

except ays affected by ice in January, February and March and by back water 

from an ice jam at Geneseo and flooding of flats during short periods in April. 

Rating curve well denned between 150 and 1,000 second-feet and fairly well 

denned between 1,000 and 60,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout the year except when intake was clogged with 

mud. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

heights determined by inspecting gage-height graph.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

19"

Feb. 17«

25a.

Mar. 18«

Apr. 3

O

12

13 

14

15

Made by 

C. C. Covert...........

O. W. Hartwell. ........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.66

4.73

5.02

4.68

4.20

20.90 

12.75 

10.20

10.12 

19.96

21.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,030

500

K77

561

710

13,200 

7,040 

6.110

5,740 

16,600

15,900

Date.

Apr. 17

19

22

23

24

24 

25 

May 14

17 

Sept. 7

7

Made by 

E. D. Burchard ......

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................ 

.....do................ 

.....do................

.....do................ 

.....do................

.....do................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.47

23.25

22.39

19.00

18.64 

13.16 

2.62

25.32 

1.04

1.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,110

3 440

o-i 'rinn

16,100

11,700

11,200 

7,420 

840

53,400

188

183

a Ice at control.
60 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 

for the years ending Sept. SO, 1915 and 1916.

Day.

1915. 

1..................

2

4..................

5.....-.-...-...-..

6..................

7..................

8..................

9..................

10. .................

12..................

13..................

14..................

1 ^

Day.

1915-16. 

1..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.. .......... ..

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

July.

5,600 

3,110 

1,820 

1,280

Oct.

332 

1,110 

1,880 

1,060 

3,260

5,240 

2,240 

1,520 

1,200 

1,060

950 

775 

675 

608 

3,190

3,470 

1,700 

1,300 

4,850 

3,400

2,000 

1,470 

1,170 

975 

900

825 

750 

700 

652 

630 

608

Nov.

608 

558 

522 

531 

531

531 

504 

495 

470 

453

445 

437 

429 

413 

461

- 675 

725 

652 

700 

2,600

2,240 

2,480 

1,940 

1,580 

1,420

1,640 

2,600 

2.V40 

1,760 

1,360

Aug.

2.030 

2,400 

1,850 

2,270 

2,830

1,500 

1,000 

825 

2,480 

1,420

900 

725 

608 

562 

495

Dec.

1,110

975 

950

875 

825

775 

725 

675 

608 

558

504 

453 

429 

421 

445

562 

1,080 

2,480 

4,480 

2,480

1,580 

1,360 

1,360 

1,250 

1,200

4,920 

3,470 

2,240 

1,760 

1,420 

2,120

Sept.

755 

657 

531 

478 

437

437 

437 

405 

453 

413

353

314 

371 

386 

394

Jan.

2,740 

7,010 

16,100 

6,920 

5,480

17,300 

8,900 

3,190 

2,240 

2,000

2,180 

2,000 

2,060 

1,760 

1,420

1,080 

825 

675 

608 

540

775 

3,960 

4,700 

2,360 

1,700

1,520 

2,000 

3,470 

2,740 

1,760 

1,820

Feb.

3,000 

2,360 

1,420 

1,000 

850

1,080 

1,030 

875 

775 

675

585 

508 

495 

495 

518

585 

576 

522 

429 

425

413 

413 

449 

425 

491

675 

725 

675 

652

Day.

1915. 

16..................

17..................

18..................

19..................

20..................

21..................

22..................

23..................

24..................

25..................

26..................

27..................

28..................

29..................

30..................

31..................

Mar.

675 

675 

572 

518

478

540 

652 

1,030 

1,300 

1,300

1,220 

1,170 

1,200 

1,250 

1,030

900

875 

750

775 

750

750 

725 

675 

630 

700

2,240 

7,010 

28,000 

29,000 

24,500 

25,500

Apr.

22,500 

18,000 

13,000 

9,800 

6,290

5.480 

3 ",960 

3,470 

3,120 

2,930

3,060 

5,000 

7,730 

14,300 

15,300

10,300 

5,720 

4,030 

3,120 

2,540

5,800 

17,000 

16,100 

12,100 

8,300

8,400 

9,300 

8,200 

5,080 

3,540

May.

2,860 

2,410 

2,040 

2,670 

2,410

2,150 

1,900 

1,700 

1,520 

1,350

1,200 

1,040 

935 

830 

990

11,200 

45,700 

24,400 

13,500 

7,010

3,820 

2,600 

6,830 

4,620 

2,740

2,410 

2,160 

2,340 

2,160 

1,800 

1,620

July.

1,030 

4,810 

3,750 

1,610 

1,360

1,000 

850 

850 

750 

608

508 

2,800 

1,470 

900 

875 

2,450

June.

1,380 

1,240 

1,980 

5,160 

3,000

2,280 

1,920 

3,400 

3^20 

2,860

3,060 

3,890 

2,540 

2,040 

1,920

5,880 

9,100 

14,100 

11,000 

8,800

7,000 

5,200 

4,000 

3,100 

2,480

1,860 

1,620 

1,380 

1,740 

1,240

Aug.

474 

540 

495 

433 

394

375 

3,070 

3,400 

1,940 

2,420

2,060 

1,220 

900 

825 

1,280 

960

July.

990 

908 

855 

1,560 

1,240

880 

780 

730 

635 

590

590 

590 

545 

1,260 

1,040

730 

612 

541 

498 

456

705 

935 

612 

532 

464

407 

391 

407 

379 

288 

341

Sept.

336 

311 

311 

343 

482

508 

409 

386 

353 

332

287 

478 

536 

. 409 

357

Aug.

341 

312 

278 

271 

245

213 

254 

245 

271 

222

213

278 

204 

288 

288

291 

264 

226 

232 

201

248 

235 

195 

187 

170

145 

145 

192 

213 

165 

152

Sept.

162 

165 

154 

142 

168

165 

170 

229 

278 

261

268 

261 

238 

222 

226

170 

175 

254 

248 

213

192 

207 

195 

138 

173

198 

190 

157 

157

178

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 8-17, Jan. 16-21, Feb. 8 to Mar. 31, Apr. l-5,-15,16,23,24, and 25, estimated because 

of ice or backwater from dam at Geneseo. from discharge measurements, weather records, and study of 

gage height graph. No gage-height record Feb. 20-22, Mar. 10-12, May 6-11, and June 19-24; discharge estimated.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 61

Monthly discharge ofGenesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,for the 

years ending Sept. 30,1915 and 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

1915. 

July 12-31 .....................................

September ....................................

1915-16.

March. . .......................................

May...........................................

June. .........................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,600 

3,400

755

5,240 

2,740 

4,920 

17,300 

3,000 

29,000 

22,500 

45,700 

14,100 

1,560 

341 

278

45,700

Minimum.

508 

375

287

332 

413 

421 

540 

413 

478 

2,540 

»830 

1,240 

288 

145 

138

138

Mean.

1,870 

1,380

422

1,630 

1,080 

1,420 

3,610 

797 

4,430 

8,450 

5,190 

3,940 

693 

232 

198

2,640

Per 

square 

mile.

1.83 

.978 

.299

1.16 

.766 

1.01 

2.57 

.565 

3.14 

6.00 

3.68 

2.79 

.491 

.165 

.140

1.87

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.99 

1.13 

.33

1.34 

.85 

1.16 

2.96 

.60 

3.62 

6.69 

4.24 

3.11 

.57 

.19 

.16

25.49

GENESEE RIVER NEAR ROCHESTER, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the Elmwood Avenue Bridge, at the north end of South Park, 3J miles 

below the mouth of Black Creek, 3| miles above center of the city of Rochester, 

Monroe County, and 7J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,360 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1904, to September 30, 1916. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of 

New York Conservation Commission. Fragmentary records prior to this period 

published in Water-Supply Papers 24, 65, and 97.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder installed in December, 1910, in pump house 

immediately below bridge on right bank. Gage inspected by Geo. A. Bailey. 

Gage used prior to December, 1910, was a staff bolted to downstream end of first 

pier from right abutment. Elevation of zero of gage, 506.848 feet, Barge Canal 

datum, 245.591 feet, Rochester city datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. Prior to 1904 

measurements and elevation of water surface were taken in conjunction with 

measurement of water flowing over and around Johnson and Seymour dam inRochester.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Smooth gravel; apparently permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

15.30 feet at midnight March 30 (discharge 48,300 second-feet); minimum stage 

from water-stage recorder, 0.88 foot from 12.30 to 4 a. m. November 16 (discharge 

238 second-feet).

1904-1916: Maximum stage recorded March 30, 1916; minimum stage, 0.71 

foot, from 10 p. m. September 30 to 4 a. m. October 1,1913 (discharge 154 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during a large part of the period from 

December to March, inclusive.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Eating curves fairly well defined between 2,000 and 12,000 second-feet, well 

defined between 12,000 and 44,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

the rating table mean daily gage heights determined by averaging hourly gage 

heights. Results fairly good for periods when the stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice and good for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River near Rochester, N. Y'., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 14

14

Jan. ISa

Feb. 17a

246

Mar. 17

Apr. 1

2

Made by 

C. S. De Golyer. .......

O. W. Hartwell........

A. H. Davison. ........

C.C. Covert............

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.53

1.63

3.86

1.99

1.91

9 iat

18.94

13.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

826

839

1,130

1,020

837

1,840

c 41, 300

37,700

Date.

15

15

25

July 12

12

Made by 

C. C. Covert...........

.....do..................

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 14.

7.91

a 01

9.11

1.76

1.75

1.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

20,300

W noft

16,300

10 7rtft

1,050

1,050

303

a Nearly complete ice cover.

6 Measurement made under complete ice cover.

c Velocity determined at 0.2 depth and reduced to mean velocity by using coefficient, 0.89.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River near Rochester, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

Q

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

554

598

2,280

2,140

1,530

5,310

5,310

2

Q1A

2

rtQA

1 600

1,440

I

QAfl

1,070

onn

846

4,720

3,770

2,210

2

KKf\

4 080

2

ecrt

1,930

1,520

i ^fift

1,180

1,060

Od.">

874

833

794

Nov.

692

768

680

622

598

587

587

554

enfl

432

362

320

313

285

9ftd

320

780

1,000

887

1,350

3,380

3,380

3,380

2

7QA

2 04.0

1,980

2,460

3,670

3,280

2,350

Dec.

1 840

1*530

1,380

1,270

1,180

768

656

610

CrtA

414

336

OAfi

278

299

285

278

278

587

3 1 on

5,070

3,380

2 9in

1,930

2,000

2,070

2,890

5,920

4,390

2,910

2,170

2,020

Jan.

1,650

3,380

14 600

9,820

12,800

16,200

11,000

5,920

4

QQA

3,380

3 Q7fl

3,280

3,380

2 Afin

1,760

1,360

1,130

1,100

1 140

1,760

3,770

7,320

5,670

3,570

2 Qln

2 Qin

4,080

5,070

3,670

9 Qin

Feb.

3 480

4*390

3,100

2,050

1,760

i 7on

1,730 i iytfi

1,380

1,230

1 240

l'360

1 430

1^320

1,410

1,100

1 '956 030

1,030

O7n

820

ftfiA

7Q4.

OQQ

1 000

1,140

1,340

1,490

1,460

Mar.

1,380

1,380

1,430

1,350

1,240

1,170

1 1 VI

1,180

1 f\(V\

2,100

2 9ACI

2,070

1,880

1,840

2,150

2 1 VI

1,930

1,810

1,660

1,620

1,600

1,580

1,580

1 A£U\

1,410

1 440

2^800

19 4/lfi

27,200

44 800

Apr.

41 300

37,' 500

32,900

27,600

20,700

1O OAA

8,330

6,050

5 460

5 ' 9A{\

4,700

5 240

7, 800

11,800

1 1\ fiAO

17,000

13,600

7,540

5,350

4,180

4,600

11,500

19,200 91 dj"»n

IQ Qflft

15,300

12,100

11 800

9*430

6,290

May.

4,700

3,880

3,300

3,210

3,680

3,210

2,680

2,420

2,100

1,920

1,710

1,520

1,400

1,370

4 080

35,200

34 700

25^500

15,300

7 540

10 fiDo

7 030

4 600

3*980

3,780

3,880

2,760

June.

2,500

2,260

9,430

11,800

8,870

5,930

4,180

3,880

7 030

5*580

4,700

5,580

5,130

3,780

3,030

3,880

9,710

14,000

14,000

10,900

9,150

6,290

5,460

4,180

4,600

4,380

3,120

2,340

1,830

1,650

July.

1,180

884

1,740

2,500

2,340

i s^n

1 480

1*290

1,160

1,100

1,070

1 030 1*010

1,200 i o^n

i n^n

1,190

968

1,470

1,160

993

872

788

719

740

696

674

Aug.

630

630

586

553

520

CAft

480

480

AQO

470

470

440

460

440

AKf\

Ann

460

430

420

384

348

384

393

OC7

34S

322

306

322

330

348

348

Sept

330

306

314

314

306

306

QOO

339

357

393

393

384

330

314

339

375

339

322

322

298

tftfi

282

306

330

314

282

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9-16, Jan. 15-21, and Feb. 8 to Mar. 27, estimated, because of ice, from currentmeter measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. Gage-height not recorded, discharge estimated as follows: July 19-22,900 second-feet; Sept. 13-16,360 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 63

Monthly discharge ofGmesee River near Rochester, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. §0,

1916.

[Drainage area, 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

March......... ..... ....

April..........................................

May...........................................

June.. . ........................................

July...........................................

September.. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,790 

3,670 

5,920 

16,200 

4,390 

46,300 

41,300 

35,200 

14,000 

2,500 

630 

393

46,300

Minimum.

554 

264 

278 

1,100 

794 

1,150 

4,180 

1,370 

1,650 

674 

306 

282

264

Mean.

2,130 

1,360 

1,710 

5,240 

1,520 

5,670 

13, 100 

7,490 

5,970 

1,200 

438 

332

3,930

Per 

square 

mile.

0.903 

.576 

.725 

2.22 

.644 

2.40 

5.55 

3.17 

2.53 

.508 

.186 

.141

1.67

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.04 

.64 

.84 

2.56 

.69 

2.77 

6.19 

3.66 

2.82 

.59 

.21 

.16

22.17

CANASERAGA CREEK NEAR DANSVILLE, N. 7.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 1 mile west ot village of Dansville, Livingston County, 

about 2,200 feet below mouth of Mill Brook and 22 miles above mouth of creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 167 square miles (measured by engineers of State of New York 

Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1910, to December 31, 1912; July 10, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data pubblished also in annual reports of New York State 

engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commisaion.

GAGE. Vertical staff at downstream side of left abutment; datum lowered 4.77 feet 

on July 10, 1915. Gage read by Floyd Harter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; frequently shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1910-1912 and 1915-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 13.0 

feet at 9.30 p. m. May 16, 1916 (discharge, about 6,600 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 5.45 feet several times in September, 1916 (discharge, 30 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Gage observations suspended.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed several times during year; probably 

during high water. Rating curves used October 1 to March 27 well defined 

between 30 and 350 second-feet; those used March 28 to April 14 well defined 

between 600 and 3,200 second-feet; curves for remainder of year not well defined. 

Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 30

30

30

31

Apr. f}

17

19

Made by 

F. H. Macy. ...........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.26

9.11

9.69

8.34 

7.19 

ft-35

6.80

6.55

Discharge

Sec.-ft. 

1,590

2,370

2,960

1,700 

727 

2,670

379

258

Date.

21

21

May 26 

26 

July 21

Sept. 7

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

C.C. Covert.. ..........

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

6.55

7.15

7.15

6.70 

6.70

5.76

5.51

5.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

259

S81

594

256 

259 

64.6

34.6

36.1
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. ~T.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916. '

Day.

1......................

2......................

3......................

4......................

5......................

6......................

7......................

8......................

9......................

10......................

11......................

12......................

13......................

14......................

15......................

16......................

17......................

18......................

19......................

20......................

21......................

22......................

23......................

24......................

25......................

26......................

27......................

28............:.........

29......................

30......................

31......................

Oct.

65

315

162

104

1 140

505

220

138

19Q

120

88

64

CQ

53

820

340

84

Q1 C

19Q

109

93

88

78

84

67

58

58

50

Nov.

50

CO

CQ

50

CO

CQ

VI

50

CA

48

11

44

11

11

co

CO

162

QQO

Q1 C

212 i sn

111

151

162

212

220

188

151

Dec.

1 AQ

00

67fid.

co

50

53%i

CA

4°,

45

43

4240

AA

^.Q

01 c

919

1 °.fi

120

109

no

120

9Qft

265

220

151

114

114

Jan.

220

1,580

670

420

900

980

635

<*fi^

200

114

67

188

114

88

67

CQ

48

cn

QQ

Qi c

475

220

919

173

265

365

220

151

188

Mar.

635

2

Kf\(\

3,880

2 OQA

2,100

Apr.

1 Q9fl

1,650

Qf\O

730

coc

465

410

355

OQ9

202

800

1 040

1 tl9rt

880

435

OQA

355

OKQ

226

AQft

2,150

i AMI

840

555

760

1,080

690

465

330

May.

280

OQA

QOA

380

OOA

OQK

226

201

1 ot

1 fi9

185

162

1QQ

129

258

2,850

2 fiflfl

1.080

one

AQ C.

QAC

330

585

495

QQ9

258

OCA

355

258

235

145

June.

132

109

495

212

235

145

258

410

620

355

212

124

132

173

805

2,780

1,120

1 fl4.fl

snn

800

525

382

355

281

248

914

206

175

142

July.

136

142

 295

305

248

9Ofi

109

95

114

114

95

102

95

86

86

1fl9

80

68

68

695

1,040

438

102

86

136

120

80

68

59

Aug.

50

44

46

44

46

54

54

56

56

46

59

71

68

59

59

54

54

44

44

44

46

42

44

42

39

36

44

44

44

36

34

Sept.

34

39

34

34

34

36

32

90

42

34

34

34

36

34

64

42

34

39

36

32

32

75

42

34

32

32

34

34

42

36

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11-17, 30, 31, and Jan. 14-20, estimated, because of ice, from weather records, 

study of gage-height graph, and comparison with records of streams in adjacent areas.

Monthly discharge of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 167 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,140 

392 

420 

1,580 

2,150 

2,850 

2,780 

1,040 

71 

90

Minimum.

50 

44 

42 

48 

114 

129 

109 

59 

34 

32

Mean.

191 

115 

120 

315 

760 

484 

464 

183 

48.5 

39.6

Per

square 

mile.

1.14 

.689 

.719 

1.89 

4.55 

2.90 

2.78 

1.10 

.290 

.237

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

.77 

.83 

2.18 

5.08 

3.34 

3.10 

1.27 

.33 

.26

CANASERAGA CREEK AT GROVELAND STATION, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Groveland Station, Livingston County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 195 square miles (measured by engineers of New York State Conservation Commission). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 5, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data published also

in annual reports of New York State engineer 

York Conservation Commission.

and surveyor and State of New
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 65

GAGE. Chain near center of downstream side of bridge. Prior to March 30, 1916, 

inclined staff gage on right bank about 400 feet above bridge, at practically the 

same datum (560.00 feet Conservation Commission datum). Gage read by E. R. 

Stoner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Creek flows through improved channel, which is in gravel 

and is likely to shift.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Gage observations suspended.

For a considerable distance upstream from the station the improved channel is 

above the lowest part of the valley. During low stages there may be loss by seepage 

and during high stages some of the water overflows into the lower part of the valley 

and is diverted past the gage.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Mar. 29

30

18

21

22

26

26

May 15

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.65

13.16

10.64

&80

10.18

1464

11.10

10.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2.110

1,570

692

366

636

2,560

847

766

169

Date.

May 18

18

23

23

26

July 20

Sept. 6

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.47

12.42

11.13

11.02

a 6i

13.33

6.99

6.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1.000

788

745

320

1,610

70.2

38.8

Daily gage height, in feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6... ........................

7...........................

10...........................

11...........................

1 9

TO

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

 to

19

20...........................

91

oo

90

24...........................

OC

26...........................

V

no

on

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

6.65

7.9

7.45

7.15

11.3

8.2

7.9

7.6

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.9

fi O

8.5

8.1

7.7

7.7

8.1

7.7

7.6

7.4

7.35

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.05

7.0

6.95

fi.9

6.9

Nov.

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.95

7.0

6.9

6. 85

6.9

6.9

6.85

6.8

6.7

6.75

7.2

7.1

7.05

fi O

7.2

8.0

/ 8.0

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.4 

7.35

7 ft

7.6

7.6

Dec.

7.5

7.45

7.35

7.2

7.0

7.1

7.0

7.0

7.1

........

Apr.

13.6

12.9

11.0

10.8

9.5

9.4

8.9

8.8

8.0

8.8

8.7

10.0

10.2

19 7

12.3

9.8

9 9

8.9

8.4

8.4

11.2

14.6

13.5

11.7

10.8

11.6 

13.0

11.4

10.1

9.5

May.

9.0

8.8

 8.7

9.4

8.7

8.5

8.4

8.5

8.3

8.0

8.0

7.7

7.6

7.6

8.4

15.2

15.4

12.4

10 9

10.1

9.5

9

0

11.6

9

0

p o

8.6 

8.8

8.7

8.5

8.2

8.1

June.

8.0

7.8

9.0

8.8

8.2

8.1

7.9

8.6

8.4

8.3

8.3

8.4

8.0

7.8

8.0

9 A

14.5

11.3 in 5

10.3

9

0

9

K

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.2 

8.1

s n

7 9

7.8

July.

7.7

7.7

8.2

8.3

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.35

7.3

7.4

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.2

7 It

7.1

7.1

11.4

8.3

7.6

7 4<5

7.4

7.3 

7.3

7 Q

7 9

7.15

7.05

Aug.

7.05

7.0

7.0

7.0

fi O

fi O

6.9

6.85

6.8

6.8

fi O

7.0

7.0

6.95

fi Q

6 Q

6.85

6.85

6

0

6.8

6.75

6.7

6.7

6.75

6.7

6.7 

6.7

6.7

6.75

6.7

6.7

Sept.

6.65

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

7.1

fi O

fi s

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.8

6

Q

6.7

6.7

6.65

6.6

6.55

6.5

6.6

6.6

6.55

6.55 

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

89873° WSP 434 17 5
66 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

CANASERAGA CREEK AT SHAKERS CROSSING, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Shakers Crossing, about a mile above mouth and 

1J miles northeast of Mount Morris, Livingston County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 347 square miles (measured by engineers of the New York State 

Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Current-meter measurements 1904-1915; continuous record of 

gage height and occasional current-meter measurements July 13, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in annual reports of New York State engineer 

and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on left bank, just below bridge. 

Datum of gage same as that for gage established on Genesee River at Jones Bridge 

near Mount Morris July 12, 1915 (540.00 feet Conservation Commission datum). 

Recorder inspected by Mrs. William Russell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Firm gravel; not likely to shift; subject to backwater from 

Genesee River.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 28.92 

feet at 1 p. m. May 17; miminum stage from water-stage recorder, 8.02 feet at 

midnight September 28.

Data on extent and duration of backwater from Genesee River insufficient to permit 

correct determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y'., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 12

12

20

Feb. 17

25

Mar. 29

31

4 

16

16

16 

16

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell........

C.C. Covert. ..........

C.C.Covert...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.48

9.37

10.50

a 10. 62

9.55

28.25

26.95

22.68

19.56 

19.03

18.80

17.70 

17.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

349

327

595

322

349

345

6,790

4.970

5,160

3,510 

3,040

3,000

2,640 

2,610

Date.

Apr. 17

17

17

17

18

19

20

24

24

26 

27

May 17

Sept. 6 

6

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

14.70

14.52

13.65

13.50

12.50

11.19

10.81

22.38

22.14

17.08

28.62

8.45 

8.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,540

1,310

1,270

896

655

596

4'1ih

2

' "wn

7,020

114 

109

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY" TO LAKE ONTAK10, 67

Daily gage height, in feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2. ..............

3..............

4.............. 

5..............

6.............. 7.......:......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13.............. 

14.............. 

15..............

16.............. 

17.............. 

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

Oct.

9.28

10.06

9 Qfi

9.58 

11.62

13.56

9.26

9.39

9.38

9.30 

9.26 

11.59

11.50 

9.71 

9.77 

12.88

11.36

10.13

9 58

9.20

9.26

9.20

9 16

9.16 

9.16 

a <u

Nov.

Q flfi

9.04

9 no

9.08 

9.08

9 14

8.82

9.00

9.04

8 Qfi

8.98

9.08 " "s.'si"

9.10

9.28 

9.24 

9.16 

9.30

in QA

10.46

10.18

9.94

9 RQ

Q 8ft

10.82

10.82

10.00 

9.81

Dec.

9 58

9 40

9.39 

9.10

9 24

9.32

9.28

9.28

9 1 Q

9.28

.......

10.37

9.83

9.63

9.58

9.60

9 58

12.48

11.08

10.27

9.41 

9.26

Q Q1

Jan.

9.86

15.54

21.65

15.05 

15.25

22.%

16.57

11.68

10.56

10.46

10.49

10.23

10.48 

9.97 

9.99

9.93 

10.13 

10.38 

10.42

10.47

10.28

11.54

12.44

10.51

10.04

Q Qfi

10.58

n on

11.02 

9.90 

10.28

Feb.

11.28

10.37

9 60

9 47

9.31

9.42

9.34

9.40

9

K1

9.52

9.67

9

1 O

9.41

9.36

9.34

9.38

9.51

9 77

9 81

9 80

9-86

Mar.

9 on

9.82

9

170

9.68 

9.43

9 59

9.72

10.38

10.70

in cfi

10.32

9.98

10.08 

10.42 

10.10

10.12 

10.13

9 99

9.93

9 91

9.88-

9.81

Q Ql

10.89

16.93

27.42

28.05 

27.02

OA OO

Apr.

26.41

25.93

oq An

20.10 

16.00

13.97

12.38

11.80

11.52

11.38

11.45

13.29

15.76 

20.83 

23.30

18.70 

14.30 

12.40 

11.38

10.85

14.69

23.28

24.40

21.55

18.04

16.99

17.53

16.42

13.92 

11.90

May.

11.23

10.85

10.62

11.20 

10.82

10.38

9.75

9.93

9.87

9.75

9.63

9.43

9.35

"28."05" 

25.50 

21.20

16.55

13.20

11.32

15.49

12.85

11.15

10.65

10.9

10.89

10.52 

10.2

June.

9 SO

9.88

10.59

12.80 

10.78

10.39

9.75

11.4

10.99

10.7

10.25

11.73

10.45 

9.88 

9.75

14.03 

17.25 

20.50 

15.39

15.56

12.59

12.25

11.00

10.76

10.9

10.38

9.95

9.78

9.75 

9.55

July.

9.5

9.31

10.36

10.12

9 7

9 78

9.46

9.25

9.21

9 3

9.18

9.26

9.25 

9.44 

9.15

8.85 

8.92 

8.91 

8.90

8.84

9.60

10.65

9.20

9.08

9.01

8.98

8^86

Aug.

8 7a

8.74

8.61

8.60 

8.58

8.55

8.58

8.60

8.56

8.60

8.56

8.62

8.48 

8.68 

8.65

8.58 

8.60 

8.60 

8.64

8.52

8.42

8.38

8.32

8.32

8.43

8.31

8.58

8.50 

8.49 

8.15

Sept.

8

10

8.56

8.34

8.22 

8.26

8.28

8.34

8.63

8.91

8 fin

8.57

8.54

8.44 

8.45 

8.50

8.29 

8.50 

8.50 

8.48

8.41

8.39

8.41

8.39

8.35

8.31

8.44

8.32

8.24

8.24 

8.24

KESHEQUA CREEK NEAR SONYEA, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 400 feet above the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Kailroad 

bridge and half a mile below gaging station formerly maintained at Sonyea, 

Livingston County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 74 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

KECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22, 1910, to December 31, 1912, at station at Sonyea; 

August 29, 1915, to September 30,1916, at present site. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

conservation commission.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; inclined section graduated from 3.0 to 6.0 feet; vertical section graduated from 6.0 to 17.0 feet. Gage read by Fred Mott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; probably fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.15 feet at 

7 a. m. March 28 (discharge not determined); minimum stage recorded, 4.0 

feet several times during December, August, and September (discharge 1.5 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Gage observations suspended.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except as affected by 

ice or backwater from Canaseraga Creek, during a large part of the period from 

December to April 4. Hating curve well defined between 1 and 350 second-feet 

and fairly well defined between 350 and 1,300 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths twice daily. Daily discharge, except for periods of backwater, ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results fairly 

good.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Mar. 29

31

18

21

21

22

23

May 14

14

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

E. D. Burcnard. .......

.....do.................

.....do........^........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.84

8.52

5.79

5.03

6.28

6.20

9.95

7.38

4.40

4.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020

672

190

84.6

278

274

1,120

476

23.8

20.4

Date.

May 18

23

23

26

July 20

20

6

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.65

6.21

6.10

4.86

6.20

4.20

4.20

4.01

4.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

247

296

279

69.0

305

8.6

8.8

1.5

1.8

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7........ ............

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

3.0

30

26

15

107

84

30

22

is

15

99

6.6

4.5

4.5

411

12

4.5

290

92

131

115

99

4.5

3.0

1.5

8 7

4.5

8 7

8 7

8.7

Nov.

8 7

8 7

ft 7

8 7

o 7

8 7

ft 7

3 A

6.6

3 A

6.6

6.6

0 A

4

C

147

65

54

39

26

84

99

49

Dec.

7C

49

30

15

6.6

i n

3 A

3 A

4.5

i n

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3 A

411

no

49

99

19

8 7

19

107

99 K

oco

198

123

Mar.

1,660

1,380

ooo

OOQ

828

Apr.

759

759

369

207

19<l

131

92

99

92

QQ

115

971

369

1,160

OOQ

216

131

131

99

61

349

1,310

626

329

290

252

252

432

234

115

May.

81

74

65

54

51

59

54

51

51

47

41

41

54

34

37

1,090

349

290

560

432

349

369

369

81

69

69

74

65

61

49

June.

51

44

41

39

41

37

32

32

37

30

32

57

51

47

41

59

309

198

181

164

156

107

QQ

92

57

4Q

30

24

24

21

July.

22

24

21

16

24

24

24

15

22

16

15

15

15

8.7

10

8.7

12

8 7

10

8.7

10

8.7

16

8.7

8.7

8.7

8.7

10

8.7

8.7

12

Aug.

10

8 7

10

8.7

8.7

6.6

4.5

5.3

3.9

2 1

3.0

3.0

5.3

5.3

4.5

5.3

4.5

3.0

3.0

1.5

2.1

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Sept.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.1

7 9

24

21

16

15

14

10

7 Q

5.3

4.5

i 1

3.0

1.5

2.1

3 9

4.5

4.5

2.1

2.1

1.5

1.5

1.5

' 1.5

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 3-5,11-16, and 20-25, Mar. 28-31, Apr. 1-4, and 23 estimated, because of ice or 

backwater from Canaseraga Creek, from weather records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison 

with records of adjacent streams.

Monthly discharge of Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 74 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

April ..........................................

May...........................................

June ..........................................

July...........................................

Seotember. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

290 

181 

411 

1,310 

1,090 

309 

24 

10 

24

Minimum.

1.5 

3.0 

1.5 

61 

34 

21 

8.7 

1.5 

1.5

Mean.

53.0 

37.5 

65.8 

327

170

72.8 

13.8 

4.0 

5.7

Per

square 

mile.

0.716 

.507 

.889 

4.42 

2.30 

.984 

.186 

.054 

.077

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.83 

.57 

1.02 

4.93 

2.65 

1.10 

.21 

.06 

.09
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 

tfANADICE LAKE OUTLET NEAR HEMLOCK, N. Y.

with

LOCATION. In outlet at foot of Canadice Lake, 4J miles 

ingston County. The outlet flows into Genesee River 

and Honeoye Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 12.6 square miles, of which 1.0 square

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April, 1903, to September 30, 1916.

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Hook gage in channel above weir.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Outflow is measured over a standard 

a 5-foot crest and two end contractions so arranged 

ends that the length may be increased to 14.96 feet, 

high water. The weir crest stands 3.14 feet above the 

artificial, with plank bottom and vertical sides, and tfo 

by backwater. Two additional rectangular gates, each a foot sq 

complete contractions and a fourth incomplete contraction 

by-passes during low water.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice as pool 

throughout winter.

DIVERSIONS. No water is diverted from Canadice Lake ab

REGULATION. Outflow of lake is regulated by bulkhead and gatei

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent.

the Francis formula. Corrections are made for velocit: 

stages. Gage read to hundredths once daily.

COOPERATION. Data collected, computed, and furnished 

engineer of Rochester.

southeast of Hemlock, Livthrough. Hemlock Outlet

nile is lake surface.

Data published also in 

State of New York

Monthly discharge of Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock,

Sept. 30,1916.

Month.

ADril.. ...................

Mean 

discharge 

in secondfeet.

7.643

« 1.105

11.101

32.419

10.196

24 279

53.597

Mean 

elevation 

of lake 

above 

low-water 

mark, in 

feet.

1.616

1.770

2.040

2.336

1.329

1.502

3.059

Month.

May...............

July...............

The year....

Mean 

discharge 

in secondfeet.

46.228

37.640

6.692

a. 340

920

19.755

Mean 

elevation 

of lake 

above 

low-water 

mark, in 

feet.

3.245

2.967

2.475

2.030

1.481

2.154

69

thin-edged weir with 

needle timbers at fhe 

Is o end contractions during 

stream channel, which is 

s crest is never submerged 

uare, with three 

at the bottom afford

above weir is free from ice

>ve the station.

:s at dam above weir. 

Rating curve used is expressed by 

of approach for the high 

Results good.

>r publication by the city

Y., for the year ending

a, concrete structure. The head 

ncluded in above table.

915. Gain in storage, 4,876,601

N. T.

a In November, 1915, the old plank weir and channel was replaced by 

gates were closed during construction, and an estimate of the leakage is i

NOTE. Water surface 0.16 foot higher Sept. 30, 1916, than on Oct. 1, 

cubic feet, corresponding to 0.154 second-feet for year.

OWASCO T.A1TE OUTLET NEAR ATJBtTRM

LOCATION. On the farm of Charles H. Pearce, 2 miles :>elow center of Auburn,

Cayuga County, and 3f miles below the State dam at o itlet of Owasco Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 206 square miles (measured on topograp lie maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1912, to September SO, 1916. Data published

also in annual reports of New York State engineer a ad surveyor and State of

New York Conservation Commission. 

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder in a concrete shelter on the left bank on the farm

of Cnarles H. Pearce. Recorder inspected by Charles H. Pearce. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading directly opposite gage or a cable at

same section. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A low concrete control has been constructed about 15 feet

below the gage. Crest of control is 1 foot wide and the slopes of both upstream

and downstream faces are J:l. A small horizontal apron built on a level with
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

the bed of the stream extends downstreams 2£ feet from toe of dam. Mean elevation of the left-hand end of the dam for a distance of 50 feet is gage height 1.28 

feet; the remaining 50 feet of the crest of the dam is at gage height 2.12 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

4.21 feet at 7.30 p. m. April 3 (discharge, 2,050 second-feet); minimum stage not 

recorded.

1912-1916: Maximum stage, 6.4 feet during period March 25 to 30, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, 2,750 second-feet); minimum 

stage from water-stage recorder, 1.41 feet at 1 a. m. October 15, 1915 (discharge, 

5.6 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seldom affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. An average flow of about 10 second-feet is pumped from Owasco Lake 

for the municipal water supply of Auburn; proportion returning to stream above 

gaging station not known.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in low-water flow due to operation of mills 

in Auburn; seasonal flow regulated at the State dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice during year. 

Rating curve well defined between 1 and 1,700 second-feet. Operation of the 

water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except when it was not in 

operation. Daily discharge ascertained by averaging the hourly discharge. 

Records excellent except for periods for which gage heights are lacking. See note 

to table of daily discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. C. Covert-. April 24, 1916: 

Gage height, 3.14 feet; discharge, 734 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

I..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

23-...-....-....

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

31..............

Oct.

4qft

510

485

AJK

548

575

579

592

587

555

KA(\

516

501

481

514

tam

502

4Q^

Ktyc

538

COQ

524

cnc

486

484

479

449

4°.Q

423

400

389

Nov.

QQO

O7ft

355

°.fi^

^t£

°J17

001

007

°.99

°,11

250

258

°.1d

970

315

307

Oil

O1 A

094

qoq

qq-i

330 qq-i

326

330

OOQ

01 o

310

308

297

Dec.

291

292

286

97Q

971

266 070

266

248

241

9QA

907

99. ft

900

9Q1

231

240 070

OCQ

 293

308

301

326

328

OKA

O7Q

403

414

422

424

419

Jan.

493

542

581

619

663

690

648

633

KQC

649

KQ1

*1Q

404

139

166

Iftft

17K

237 014

qoq

^°.fi

Feb.

°.49

387

414

°.Q1

QQ7

384 077

q49

384

380

000

071

qoq

462

AGA

391

s/u

097

336

°.44

361

oca

263

9fi9

970

9*vl

264

Mar.

OQQ

OQQ

90°.

9Q4.

9QS

°.9Q

qoq

479

646

875

1 ' 190

Apr.

1,530

1,780

1,820

1,780

1,690

1,600

1,510

1,380

1,250

1,070

09R

863

827

821

826

792

772

736

708

679

642

642

612

674

784

794

800

816

7*fi

687

May.

690

658

593

528

508

488

461

404

320

323

310

308

270

234

244

254

494

699

740

74^!

699

678

717

766

70 1;

716

689

649

CQ4

566

513

June.

483

463

469

486

522

507

499

491

487

452

404

409

404

°.Q7

396

402

398

O7ft

439

422

396

OQO

388

qCO

302

°/¥l

290

303

297

July.

288

97(1

258

260

OKQ

257

226

196

991

91 Q

204

199

208

174

214

919

208

206

185

107

138

194

184

172

174

17°.

171

148

140

Aug.

136

130

84

1o.7

124

CO

128

135

1 ^1

54

107

133

125

lo/l

127

104

120

125

121

Sept.

ion

74

105

iqo

141

138

133

140

53

107

124

117

ion

132

108

65

107

108

48

107

105

111

111

116

103

NOTE. Mean discharge for periods for which gage record is lacking estimated by interpolation as follows: 

Jan. 6-11, 700second-feet; Feb. 28 to Mar. 10, 290 second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 275 second-feet; Aug. 3-9, 120 

second-feet. In November, 1916, it was discovered that from 20 to 25 second-feet was leaking under control. 

No data as to time of beginning of leak, but study of the record, seems to show that it occurred in October, 

1916.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 71

Monthly discharge of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y'.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.]

Month.

May..........................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

592 

393 

424

484 

1,190 

1,820 

795 

522 

288 

137 

141

1,190

ftffTn'TniiTn.

o389 

250 

231 

165 

254

o612 

o234 

290 

"o!38 

o55 

o48

a 48

Mean.

*502 

322 

300 

493 

350 

355 

1,020 

537 

411 

207 

119 

110

393

Per 

square 

mile.

2.44 

1.56 

1.46 

2.39 

1.70 

1.72 

4.95 

2.61 

2.00 

1.00 

.578 

.534

1.91

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.81 

1.74

1.68 

2.76 

1.83 

1.98 

5.52 

3.01 

2.23 

1.15 

.67 

.60

25.98

a Sunday. 

NOTE. No correction for storage in Owasco Lake or for diversion for municipal irater supply.

WEST BRANCH OF ONONDAGA CREEK AT SOUTH ONONDAGA, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in village of South Onondaga, Onondaga County, 

about If miles above mouth of creek and about 10 miles above Syracuse.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20.8 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22 to September 30, 1916. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Staff on downstream side of right abutment of bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Fine and coarse gravel; probably shifting.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South, Onondaga, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Aug. 23.............................................................................

23.............................................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.07

1.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8.0

7 ft

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. T"., 

for the year ending Sept. 80,1916.

Day.

1. .............

3.............. 

4.............. 

5..............

6.............. 

7.............. 

8.............. 

9.............. 

10..............

Aug.

........

........

Sept.

1.03 

1.05

1.02 

1.01 

1.00

1.00 

.99 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

Day.

11.............. 

12..............

13.............. 

14.............. 

15..............

16.............. 

17.............. 

18...............

19.............. 

20..............

Aug.

........

........

Sept.

1.00 

99

1.00 

.99 

1.35

1.16 

1.04 

1.07 

1.07 

1.06

Day.

21.............. 

22..............

23..............

24....'.......... 

25..............

26.............. 

27.............. 

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Aug.

"Too"

1.08 

1.03 

1.00

1.00 

1.01 

1.04 

1.02 

1.01 

1.02

Sept.

1.00 

1.03

1.07 

1.04 

1.08

1.07 

1.06 

1.03 

1.37 

1.31
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

ORWELL BROOK NEAR ALTMAR, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge one-eighth mile above mouth and 1J miles by road 

northwest of Altmar, Oswego County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 22.1 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23,1911, to June 30,1916, when station was discontinued. 

Data published also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor 

and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Chain at downstream side of bridge; read by Mrs. A. G. White.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL Small stone and gravel; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.00 feet at 5.30 

p. m. May 17 (discharge, 497 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.85 feet at 

8 a. m. and 5 p, m. October 1 (discharge, 11 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 5.5 feet at 6 p. m. April 7, 1912 (discharge, 610 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.65 feet August 6, 7, 14, 22, 

23, and 24 and September 5, 1911 (discharge, 5 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice during a large part of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating 

curve well denned between 10 and 350 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Nov. 3..............................................................................

3..............................................................................

Gage 

height. "

Feet. 

1.99

1 QQ

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16.3

16.4

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Oct.

11

23

20

17

29

61

38

24

24

23

20

15

15

15

17

Nov.

20

20

16

15

18

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

18

Dec.

61

54

49

58

47

42

36

40

36

32

29

26

23

21 '19

Apr.

368

347

241

198

149

126

91

84

91

98

91

165

134

126

142

May.

42

42

47

72

64

45

45

38

42

34

32

24

23

23

29

June.

34

30

102

91

56

47

32

30

47

52

45

112

64

40

32

Day.

16-

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

Oct.

15

13

13

45

42

38

30

26

23

20

17

17

15

15

24

23

Nov.

34

30

29

52

165

91

56

61

61

56

54

105

134

112

81

Dec.

18

20

30

165

165

149

142

119

105

116

134

181

142

105

91

84

Apr.

149

181

181

142

91

108

149

149

108

91

91

84

66

56

49

May.

52

475

288

232

126

94

66

84

88

66

49

42

38

38

42

45

June.

56

76

56

52

66

61

49

34

34

49

42

34

32

26

22

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10-18 and 28-31 estimated, because of ice, from weather records and study 

gage-height graph.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 73

Monthly discharge of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y'. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 22.1 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May............ ...............................

June...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

61

165 

'181 

368 

475 

112

Minimum.

11 

15

18 

49 

23 

22

Mean.

23.5 

45.4 

75.5 

138 

78.3 

50.1

Per 

square 

mile.

1.06 

2.05 

3.42 

6.24 

3.54 

2.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.22 

2.29 

3.94 

6.96 

4.08 

2.53

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about 1 mile above mouth of Sugar River, 2 miles 

northeast of Boonville, Oneida County, and 2 miles, by river, downstream from 

Hawkinsville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 303 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 16, 1911, to September 30, 1916. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Chain gage near center of left span, downstream side of bridge; staff gage, 

graduated from 6.0 to 13.0 feet, on downstream side of right abutment, for highwater readings. Gage read by W. D. Charbonneau.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about one-half mile above gage or 

by wading near cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rough and full of boulders; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE.. Maximum stage recorded during year 9.45 feet at 8 a. m. 

May 18 (discharge, 4,750 second-feet)-, minimum stage recorded, 3.10 feet at 4 p. m. 

August 21 (discharge, 34 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage approximately 12.5 feet during night of March 

28,1913, determined by leveling from flood mark (discharge, about 10,000 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 8 a. m. September 29 and November 

8, 1913, and October 8, 1914 (discharge, 27 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION AND DIVERSION. The State dam at Forestport, about 8 miles upstream, 

provides a reservoir with a capacity of about 2 billion cubic feet. Water is 

diverted from this reservoir during the navigation season through the Forestport 

Feeder to a basin in Boonville. The Black River canal flows north from this 

basin and enters Black River at foot of Lyons falls. A spillway from the basin 

overflows into Mill Creek, a tributary of Black River. Water flowing through 

these two canals returns to the river below the gaging station, thus passing 

around it. The Black River canal also flows south from Boonville, passing out of 

the Black River basin and entering the summit level of the Erie Canal (or Barge 

Canal) at Rome. Occasional discharge measurements have been made at three 

points to indicate the distribution of the diverted water. The water entering 

Boonville through the Forestport Feeder has been measured at the highway bridge 

about a mile northeast of Boonville. During October, 1915, two water-stage 

recorders were installed on this canal to obtain a continuous record of the flow. 

This record is published as a separate; station, Forestport Feeder near Boonville, 

N. Y. The water flowing north from the basin through the Black River canal 

has been measured at the highway bridge just below the lock into this canal 

near the railroad station. The water flowing south from the basin has been
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IT.

measured at a private farm bridge about a mile southeast of Boonville. During 

September, 1915, two water-stage recorders were installed on this canal to obtain 

a continuous record of the flow, which is published as a separate station, called 

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, but affected by ice during a large 

part of the period December to March. Rating curve well defined between 35 

and 2,800 second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,800 and 4,500 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results good, except for periods 

when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Dec. 29

20

Feb. 2

10

17

23

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do...................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

« 5. 19

06.42

a 5. 77

a 6. 98

a 5. 58

a 5. 57

a 5. 45

Discharge.

Sec -ft. 

441

850

466

1,750

660

527

388

Date.

Mar. 4

16

27

May 8

27

July 26

Made by 

C. C. Covert............

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o5.64

5.18

5.77

5.52

3 14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

561

412

484

ftlft

685

79 **

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y'.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ......... ....

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

18*

127

104

111

262

1,140

1,940

855

735

512

352

250

184

194

184

205

205

194

262

410

512

490

490

470

450

430

490

512

450

450

490

Nov.

470

470

410

430

470

490

450

335

262

227

205

194

164

119

104

154

184

216

227

275

430

580

535

490

430

370

370

352

335

352

Dec.

630

680

558

410

410

352

335

352

320

290

275

305

352

370

630

855

1,140

920

735

630

605

512

512

490

680

990

1,290

990

450

227

320

Jan.

795

1,210

1.460

1,210

1,060

1,060

920

855

735

680

630

855

1,060

795

735

512

512

450

512

490

558

795

920

920

795

795

1,060

1,540

2,050

2,270

Feb.

1,940

1,740

1,640

1,370

1 060

990

795

680.

630

680

605

535

470

430

410

430

512

535

490

450

410

390

410

430

1,370

1,540

1,460

1,210

Mar.

990

735

630

558

535

558

535

535

470

450

430

470

450

390

410

410

352

320

352

352

335

430

390

352

370

470

630

1,210

1,370

1,640

2

1 AA

Apr.

2,620

3, 110

2,860

2,620

2,160

1,640

1,540

1,290

1,140

1,060

990

1,060

1,290

1,640

1,840

2,160

2,620

2,500

2,380

2,270

2,500

2,980

3,360

3,110

2,620

2,500

2,500

2,160

1,940

1,840

May.

1,740

1,840

2,050

2,160

2,270

1,940

1,210

795

735

680

630

605

580

535

605

2,500

4,140

4,540

3,620

2,380

1,540

1,290

1,210

1,370

1,370

990

580

558

535

450

450

June.

390

275

194

227

154

184

164

205

305

290

238

275

250

216

194

305

735

1,140

1,460

1,210

1,370

1,210

990

735

580

490

430

335

305

227

July.

174

250

490

430

410

450

305

227

145

70

46

57

55

44

53

55

56

72

84

63

68

66

78

97

90

84

84

66

72

78

84

Aug.

72

68

71

84

84

63

68

84

90

78

84

111

90

78

78

63

56

53

46

42

38 -44

216

250

194

145

111

205

184

145

136

Sept.

119

111

97

7S

119

Q7

59

49

97

97

97

78

56

49

97

275

275

250

216

205

205

238

305

238

184

174

97

55

119

250

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 29 to Jan. 30 and Feb. 10 to Mar. 25, estimated, because of ice, from numerous 

current-meter measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonmlle, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 303 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

December. ....................................

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,940 

580 

1,290 

2,270 

1,940 

2,160 

3,360 

4,540 

1,460 

490 

250 

305

4,540

Minimum.

104 

104 

227 

'450 

390 

320 

990 

450 

154 

44 

38 

49

38

Mean.

440 

337 

568 

981 

832 

622 

2,140 

1,480 

503 

142 

101 

146

689

Per 

square 

mile."

1.45 

1.11 

1.87 

3.24 

2.74 

2.05 

7.06 

4.88 

1.66 

.469 

.333 

.482

2.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.67 

1.24 

2.16 

3.74 

2.96 

2.36 

7.88 

5.63 

1.85 

.54 

.38 

.54

30.95

NOTE. Figures do not indicate total run-off from drainage area above the station; water being 

diverted is measured by station on the Forestport Feeder near Boonville.

FORESTPORT FEEDER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. T.

LOCATION. Slope station at lower end of feeder, above point where it enters the 

basin at Boonville, Oneida County.

BECORDS. Occasional discharge measurements 1900 and 1905 to 1915, continuous 

record October 30, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Two Gurley seven-day water-stage recorders, with natural scale for gage 

heights. Gage No. 1 is at downstream end of left abutment of steel highway 

bridge in village of HawMnsville; gage No. 2 located on left bank, just below 

a farm bridge about a mile above the basin at Boonville; they are 2.53 miles 

apart. The float wells are 1| by 2 feet, inside dimensions, and the bottoms are 

about 1| feet below normal elevation of water surface in canal. These gages 

and the two in the Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville are all set 

at the same datum; recorder at gage No. 1 inspected by Mrs. Anna Zwahlen; 

that at gage No. 2 inspected by Charles Nugent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the steel highway bridge at gage No. 1 in 

HawMnsville.

DIVERSIONS. One spillway takes water from the Forestport Feeder just below gage 

No. 2 and a second spillway takes water from the basin in Boonville. Both 

discharge into Mill Creek, which enters Black Biver below the Boonville gaging 

station. No spillway between gage No. 1 and gage No. 2. Other spillways in 

the feeder above gage No. 1 discharge into Black Biver above the gaging station. 

Therefore, this station indicates the total amount of water diverted past the gaging 

station on Black River near Boonville, and the sum of this record and the record 

for the Black Biver near Boonville indicates the total run-off of the Black Biver 

basin above these gaging stations.

BEGULATION. Flow in the feeder is regulated at the outlet of Forestport reservoir.

ICE. No flow in the canal during the winter season.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by variations in the slope of the water 

surface and by vegetable growth in channel. Slope of water surface determined 

from gage-height graphs by the two gages. Seasonal changes in the coefficient 

C in Chezy formula, caused by vegetable growth, determined by discharge measurements and are fairly consistent. Besults fair.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART TV.

Discharge measurements of Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 3 

21 

Nov. 1 

1 

2 

2 

19 

19 

30 

30 

30 

June 9 

23 

23 

24 

24 

July 6 

6 

6 

6 

26 

Sept. 7 

26

O. W. Hartwell i

Gage height in 

feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

A. H. Davison . . \ ... ..______

E. D. Burchard. ..................................... \ .........

.... .do. .............................................. .........

.....do............................................... .........

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do...........;.............................................

.....do.........................................................

O.W. Hartwell........ ........................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

A. H. Davison. ................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

3.567 

3.586 

3.610 

3.607 

3.611 

3.614 

3.312 

3.298 

3.290 

3.348 

3.048 

3.042 

2.998 

3.008 

3.392 

3.381 

3.346 

3.334 

3.288 

3.450 

3.374

Gage 

No. 2.

2.068 

2.081 

2.078 

2.055 

2.123 

2.170 

1.920 

1.909 

1.899 

1.817 

1.619 

1.614 

1.701 

1.719 

1.955 

1.948 

1.898 

1.894 

1.893 

2.180 

2.132

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

291 

307 

295 

295 

298 

296 

332 

327 

287 

282 

280 

295 

252 

252 

246 

249 

304 

303 

290 

293 

281 

260 

238

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

Oct. Nov.

296

305

298

297

307

303

306

305

309

310

317

316

320

314

328

June.

.293

325

315

326

321

311

300

301

302

297

290

295

303

305

297

July.

244

243

269

273

274

293

281

290

283

271

276

267

266

284

280

Aug.

273

271

278

286

285

280

269

262

269

265

260

262

258

256

253

Sept.

269

262

260

260

261

260

261

255

249

245

244

238

237

223

246

Day.

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

21....

22....

23....

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

29....

30....

31....

Oct.

280

294

Nov.

332

329

327

330

346

304

289

275

322

332

333

292

279

340

302

June.

305

272

262

288

296

290

282

263

253

253

249

254

257

255

248

July.

267

259

300

307

297

275

240

270

304

304

286

272

299

283

278

275

Aug.

248

237

232

222

217

216

222

262

274

272

270

269

271

267

263

263

Sept.

259

256

245

242

259

259

255

259

255

251

248

236

228

259

245

Monthly discharge of Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Month.

June................................................................

July................................................................

September. .........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

346 

326 

307 

286 

269

Minimum.

275 

248 

240 

216 

223

Mean.

312

287 

278 

259 

251
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 77

BLACK RIVER CANAL (FLOWING SOUTH) NEAR BOONVILLE, N. T.

LOCATION. Slope station in summit level of Black River canal near Boonville, 

Oneida County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Occasional discharge measurements 1900, 1905 to 1915; continuous record September 16, 1915, to September 30, 1916. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Two Gurley seven-day water-stage recorders with natural scale for gage 

heights; they are 1.81 miles apart. Gage No. 1 is on right bank (opposite towpath) about 50 feet downstream from collector's office in Boonville; gage No. 2 

is on right bank (opposite towpath) about 300 yards above Lock 70 and 50 yards 

above spillway from the canal into Lansing Kill. These gages and the two 

gages in the Forestport feeder near Boonville are all set at the same datum. 

Recorders inspected by Philip Joynt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the steel and concrete highway bridge in 

the village of Boonville, a short distance below gage No. 1.

DIVERSIONS. No diversions between gage No. 1 and gage No. 2. This station indicates the amount of water diverted for canal purposes from the Black River basin 

into the Mohawk River basin.

REGULATION. Flow in canal is regulated by operation of spillway and sluice gates at 

Lock 70 and also by discharge of Forestport feeder into the basin at Boonville.

ICE. No flow in the canal, during winter season.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by variations in the slope of the water 

surface and by vegetable growth in channel. Slope of water surface determined 

from gage-height graphs by the two gages. Seasonal changes in the coefficient C 

in Chezy formula, caused by vegetable growth, determined by discharge measurements and are fairly consistent. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Black River canal (flowing south'), near Boonville, N. T*., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 3 

3 

21 

22 

22 

27 

27 

27 

27 

Nov. 18 

29 

29 

29 

June 9 

23 

23 

24 

24 

July 7

9«5

27 

Sept. 8 

27

Made by 

O.W.Hartwell................................................

.....do..........................................................

O.W.Hartwell................................................

E.D. Burchard................................................

.....do..........................................................

A. H. Davison .................................................

E.D. Burchard. ...............................................

A. H. Davison.................................................

E. D. Burchard. ...............................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

O . W. Hartwell ................................................

.....do............:.............................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..:.......................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

Gage height in feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

1.705 

1.696 

1.55

1.48 

1.48 

1.68 

1.68 

1.655 

1.655 

1.626 

1.670 

1.653 

1.653 

1.453 

1.232 

1.272 

1.252 

1.245 

1.225 

.150 

.510 

.491 

.580 

.650

Gage 

No. 2.

1.095 

1.079

1.00 

1.00 

1.20 

1.20 

1.16 

1.15 

1.236 

1.199 

1.190 

1.188 

1.100 

.957 

1.120 

.932 

.932 

.885 

.835 

1.140 

1.131 

1.040 

1.090

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

250 

247 

239 

212 

224 

262 

270 

260 

267 

248 

295 

293 

295 

233 

183 

178 

195 

193 

201 

197 

216 

208 

193 

193
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, 

N. Y.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1915 and 1916.

r

i

18.....

19.....

20.....

21.....

Day.

1915-

16.

1....

2....

3..

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

'ay.

915.

Oct.

239

234

236

231

231

226

218

219

219

215

227

233

233

Sep

5

]

]

]

Nov.

235

243

252

242

237

249

242

241

236

248

246

244

245

252

289

t.

iOO 22

98 23

95 24

87

June.

220

 259

265

258

268

264

230

226

216

216

220

208

199

213

Day

1915

July.

186

191

218

214

201

212

199

208

203

192

194

189

184

192

184

Aug.

215

213

211

215

213

' 212

209

208

208

212

220

217

210

213

211

Sept.

184

183

178

Sept.

207

204

212

214

206

203

210

201

200

195

202

191

184

189

202

D

IS

25.....

26

27.....

Day.

1915-

16.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30. . 31

ay.

15.

Oct.

240

241

231

249

241

236

229

222

223

224

227

239

234

220

226

Sep

Nov.

258

252

248

275

266

237

226

241

264

264

258

267

254

296

323

t.

69 2S

L76 2S

ISO 30

June.

247

215

186

222

242

224

195

196

203

196

195

217

200

194

193

Day

1915

........

July.

182

211

229

230

225

202

187

201

227

228

215

210

228

215

211

211

Aug.

201

205

195

192

194

196

196

214

213

215

215

219

220

216

215

207

Sept.

186

192

196

Sept.

205

200

194

190

203

201

202

207

201

201

195

197

181

211

202

of Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Discharge in second-feet.

jaontn.

June 2-30. ..........................................................

July................................................................

Maximum.

249

323

268

230

220

214

Minimum.

215

226

186

182

192

181

Mean.

230

254

220

206

210

200

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, N. Y.

LOCATION. In the village of Moose River, Lewis County, about 3 miles downstream 

from McKeever, 5 miles below mouth of South Branch of Moose River and 

nearly 20 miles above junction of Black and Moose rivers at Lydns Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 370 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5, 1900, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in, 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Staff in two sections, on the left bank a short distance above cable. Read 

by Mrs. Martha Hannan. Gage datum was lowered 0.17 foot February 28, 1903, 

and again 5.00 feet on January 1, 1913.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable a short distance below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Cobblestone and boulders; fairly permanent. Current 

smooth; depth comparatively uniform. Ice and logs occasionally jam on a small 

island just above the station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.0 feet at 8 a. m. 

May 18 (discharge 9,250 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.1 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. Sunday August 20 and 27 (discharge about 65 second-feet).

1900-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 16.3 feet during the afternoon of March 

27,1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 16,500 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 4.94 feet, July 21, 23, 25, 26, and 27, 1913 (digcharge 42 second-feet).
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 79

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. A timber dam at McKeever, 3 miles upstream, is used for power and 

for the regulation of flow during log driving. Seasonal distribution of flow 

affected by operation of the State dam at Old Forge. This regulation is indicated by a record from station Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge.

ACCTJBACT. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, but affected by ice for 

a large portion of the period from December to March. Rating curve fairly well 

defined between 100 and 5,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Results fairly good except for periods when the discharge is low or the stagedischarge relation is affected by ice; winter results fair.

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Dec. 28a

llo

22a

Feb. 1«

150

16«

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.31

7.66

7.42

7.27

9.81

7.42

7.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,230

875

739

558

2,630

690

546

Date.

Feb. 22«

17«

28o

May 6

26

July 25

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

7.19

7.25

7.51

7.89

8.84

8.44

7.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

435

472

389

680

1,760

1,460

880

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

426

409

316

426

476

1,430

1,220

 710

fiOC

OAfi

710

510

409

476

409

202

426

476

KJK

585

585

545

229

362

476

4/HJ

476

476

<M1

Nov.

545

545

442

426

409

426

164

34(5

OQ1

316

316

316

426

202

625

476

585

449

fioe

805

710

AAE

585

KAti

476

476

755

1,020

QfiC

Dec.

sn^

710

710

625

510

710

805

710

fi25

fine

625

09O

545

510

476

442

409 077

99O

710

476

442

442

176

Qlfi

1,290

1,150

805

fiOE

625

Jan.

KAt\

OQO

COR

625

fiOC

665

1,030

1,020

625

875

ttQ

625

625

710

409

585

476

476

449

476

510

i f\oft

2,120

1,760

1 590

1,590

3

OQA

2 480

2 9in

Feb.

2 Qfift

2,860

2,570

i £Oft

1,220

1,220

1,020

Qfi'i

ORE

755

710

At9

585

585

KAK

tat{

510

510

o-l a

426

442

409

426

510

476

805

710

Mar.

510

585

RAK

545 077

0*11

442

409

,| Oft

449

oco

476

476

426

426

409

OQO

00 -I

OQQ

393

OQO

o«o

oco

409

442

KAK

fiftfi

965

1 430

l'o4O

Apr.

2 fifin

3,170

3 060

2,660

2,120

i Qd.n

i 760

M90

1,020

I

oon

1,220

1,290

1,510

1 760

2

noA

1,760

S

OQrt

2 ft Art

2,480

2

Orv\

2,300

S

oon

S fifin

2 QfiA

2

Qftrt

3 Afin

3,280

2 OCA

2 Ofifl

2,480

May.

2 480

2,480

2

Aon

2,300

2 91 fi

1,760

1 ciQft

1,590

1,430

1,290

1,150

910

805

665

1 1 %f\

4,750

7 060

3

0<V\

3 OfiA

2,480

2

Q<V\

2,120

1 940

1,590

1,430

1,220

710

OCR

625

910

June.

605

625

625

665

KAK

476

442

442 077

316

476

476

476

fi±f{

476

585

QKC

OCC

1 1 f^n

1,020

710

625

545

316

409

409

409

346

OJ.fi

July.

316

189

710

1,150

1,020

585

442

AfiQ

257

362

316

qni

301

1,670

1,430

sn*

710

fiOK

545

^Q°»

346

OOQ

476

910

710

585

442

426

97*?

117

346

Ang.

286

257

979

176

176

176

377 077

377

476

426

OQ9,

316

01 n

346

346

OCA

1fi4

IftO

7Q

957

243

176

69

103

 tAA

202

79

117

103

Sept.

114

229

85

216

257

91 fi

189

176

176

105

216

176

103

164

V77

625

442

476

176

OrtO

346

9=7

202

Ofifi

476

oca

oco

346

077

OKK

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 15 to Jan. 22 and Feb. 9 to Mar. 30, estimated, because of ice, from discharge, 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 370 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,430 

1,020 

1,290 

3,280 

2,860 

1,940 

3,280 

7,060 

1,150 

1,670 

476 

855

7,060

Minimum.

202 

164 

176 

393 

316 

331 

1,020 

625 

316 

117 

69 

85

69,

Mean.

512 

520 

611 

1,070 

941 

536 

2,360 

1,950 

561 

561 

240 

286

844

Per 

square 

mile.

1.38 

1.41 

1.65 

2.89 

2.54 

1.45 

6.38 

5.27 

1.52 

1.52 

.649 

.773

2.28

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.59 

1.57 

1.90 

3.33

2.74 

1.67 

7.12 

6.08 

1.70 

1.75 

.75 

.86

31.06

NOTE. No correction made for storage at Old Forge.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF MOOSE RIVER AT OLD FORGE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 300 feet below highway bridge and 400 feet below the State dam 

at Old Forge, Herkimer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 51.5 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 9, 1911, to September 30, 1916. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank, 300 feet below highway bridge; read by Jacob 

Edick.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading near the gage at low and medium 

stages and from highway bridge at high stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel, stone and gravel near the gage. Control is rock 

ledge about 200 feet below gage, practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 4.8 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 5 p. m. May 19 (stage-discharge relation affected by backwater from Moose 

River); maximum discharge computed from records at Old Forge dam, 387 secondfeet May 18. Minimum stage occurs when gates at dam are closed, discharge 

being due to leakage and discharge through the fish hatchery; minimum gage 

height during the year 0.50 foot (discharge 5.0 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded 6.3 feet (stage-discharge relation affected 

by backwater from Moose River) March 28, 1913; discharge computed from 

records at dam, 760-second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow controlled at dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shift; 

not affected by ice. A change in the rating was caused by the high water in May. 

Rating curve used October 1 to May 16 well defined from 2 to 300 second-feet. 

Rating curve used May 26 to September 30 well defined from 20 to 400 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying to the rating table mean daily gage heights weighted on days of changing 

gates, from records of gate opening at dam. Results good, except for period May 

17 to 25, when Moose River caused backwater at gage, for which they are fair.
STBEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 81

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

May 26

26

10

10

Made by 

.....do.................

O. W. HartweU.. ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height

Feet. 

3.10

3.10

1.13

1.57

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

339

330

36.2

74.0

104

Date.

July 24

24

24

Made by 

O.W. HartweU........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.35

.86

2.18

9 fil

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

55.6

22.4

ma

228

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, JV. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30..............

31..............

Oct.

158

158

158

158

150

158

158

158

158

158

158

150

150

150

158

150

150

150

110

158

150

150

150

tzn

1 ^irt

150

150

150

150

i p*n

Nov.

150

150

150

150

116

86

86

80

80

80

110

136

136

136

165

197

1O7

197

75

75

75

75

75

75

7C

75

75

75

75

75

Dec.

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

is

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.3

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.3

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

Jan.

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

6.2

6.5

7.4

9.2

11

13

15

1820'

24

24

27

29

9Q

31

37

44

54

60

70

QM

130

173

223.

223

909

Feb.

260

260

250

241

223

214

206

1O7

197

189

189

143

123

116

116

104

104

104

IrtJ

104

104

86

wi

58

60

60

60

60

w

Mar.

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

62

65

65

64

64

65

80

110

110

110

104

104

104

104

104

IAJ

104

104

104

104

130

Apr.

250

260

310

310

310

310

310

290

290

290

290

280

280

270

280

270

270

1Q7

104

104

110 19"?

123

123

158

173

181

181

May.

181

181

181

189

189

197

197

197

250

241

241

33

33

33

30

63

304

387

378

360

342

327

320

330

OQA

3ft7

234

142

86

86

86

June.

86

86

56

43

41

43

45

40

39

37

36

36

36

36

36

128

216

135

1AO

103

103

86

56

56

OQ

32

32

32

32

32

July.

30

10

165

260

92

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

86

232

232

206

181

98

35

35

35

35

35

37

4Q

38

38

37

37

37

V?

Aug.

37

07

37

37

07

07

60

nt

141

143

143

136

136

136

75

54

54

70

75

75

75

75

75

7K

7K

75

75

75

75

75

Sept.

75

7K

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

80

75

116

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

Ifil

165

165

165

165

165

NOTE. No gage-height record May 12 and 13; discharge estimated. Discharge May 17-25 computed 

because of backwater from Moose River, from records of elevation of lake and gate opening at Old Forge 

dam. Comparison with records at the dam indicates that stage-discharge relation was not affected by ice.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 51.5 square miles.]

Month.

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

158 

197 

75 

232 

260 

165 

310 

387 

216 

260 

143 

165

387

Minimum.

150 

75 

5.0 

5.6 

56 

60 

104 

30 

32 

30 

37 

75

5.0

Mean.

153 

110 

35.4 

53.0 

140 

86.1 

228 

208 

62.8 

76.4 

82.5 

131

113

Per

square 

mile.

2.97 

2.14 

.687 

1.03 

2.72 

1.67 

4.43 

4.04 

1.22 

1.48 

1.60 

2.54

2.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.42 

2.39 

.79 

1.19 

2.93 

1.92 

4.94 

4.66 

1.36 

1.71 

1.84 

2.83

* 29.98

NOTE. Table indicates the flow as regulated at the Old Forge dam. 

89873° WSP 434 17 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

BEAVER RIVER AT STATE DAM NEAR BEAVER RIVER, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the concrete storage dam at the outlet of Beaver River flow, about 7J 

miles west of Beaver River postoffice, Herkimer County, and 7 miles above 

Beaver Lake at Number Four.

DRAINAGE AREA. 176 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 11, 1908, to September 30, 1916. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Elevation of water, surface in reservoir is determined by staff gage in two 

sections on west corner of gate house. Mean elevation of crest of spillway, gage 

height 16.96 feet. Prior to September 28, 1916, elevation of water surface was 

determined by measuring the distance from the water surface to a reference 

point set at the elevation of the crest of the spillway. Widths of sluice-gate 

openings determined by measuring on the gate stems the distance they have 

been raised. Gage heights and sluice-gate openings recorded by James Dunbar, 

tender at the dam.

DISCHARGE RATINGS. Records include the discharge through one or more of four 

4-foot circular sluice gates when open, discharge over the spillway, and the discharge through the logway at the west end of the spillway. The sluice gates have 

been rated by current-meter measurements made at different elevations of the 

lake, but no measurements have been made of. the discharge over the spillway or 

through the logway. Theoretical coefficients based on the experiments * at the 

hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University have been used to compute rating 

tables for the spillway and the logway.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir during year, 

19.0 feet at 10 a. m. May 19; minimum elevation recorded, 7.7 feet at 1.30 p. m. 

September 28.

1908-1916: Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir, 19.46 feet on 

March 29, 1913; minimum stage, 2.9 feet September 29 and October 1, 1913.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 2,210 second-feet 

May 19; minimum discharge, zero during periods when gates were closed and 

there was no flow over the spillway.

1908-1916: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 3,300 second-feet on May 2, 

1911.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge of Beaver River is completely regulated by the operation of the sluice gates.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curves 

for sluice gates fairly well defined. Rating curves for spillway and logway based 

on theoretical coefficients; probably fairly good. Reservoir gage read to halftenths once daily. Sluice-gate openings set to even inches; probably correct 

within one-half inch. Results good when flow is confined to one or two sluice 

gates; fairly good when water is flowing over the spillway or through the logway.

i See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 200.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 83

Discharge measurements of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by O. W. Hartwell.]

Date.

Gate.

No. Opening.

Lake 

height.

Discharge. Date.

Gate.

No.

Lake

gage 

height.

Discharge.

Aug. 11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11

Inches. 

12 

24 

36 

44J 

12 

24

Feet. 

15.15 

15.15 

15.15 

15.15 

15.15 

15.15

Sec.-ft. 

74.4 

149 

205 

236 

77.1 

136

Aug. 12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12

Inches. 

48 

36 

24 

12 

12 

24

Feet. 

15.05 

15.05 

15.05 

15.05 

15.10 

15.10

Sec.-ft.. 

234 

199 

142 

73.6 

75.5 

144

Monthly discharge of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1908-1916.

[Drainage area, 176 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off 

(depth in 

iuches on 

drainage 

area).

May 11-31...................................... 1,010

June........................................... 330

July........................................... 250

August........................................ 169

September..................................... 245

1908-9.

October....................................... 397

November..................................... 243

December..................................... 120

January....................................... 364

February...................................... 750

March......................................... 500

April.......................................... 2,680

May........................................... 1,740

June........................................... 466

July........................................... 159

August........................................ 473

September..................................... 194

The year................................ 2,680

1909-10.

October....................................... 126

November..................................... 190

December..................................... 200

January....................................... 184

February...................................... 426

March......................................... 1,580

April.......................................... 2,020

May........................................... 730

June........................................... 630

July........................................... 251

August........................................ 240

September..................................... 250

The year................................ 2,020

1910-11.

October....................................... 225

November..................................... 152

December..................................... 240

January....................................... 180

February...................................... 403

March......................................... 390

April.......................................... 2,040

May......................;.................... 3,300

June........................................... 726

July........................................... 350

August........................................ 243

September..................................... 184

The year................................ 3,300

315

193

134

0

0

599

270

177

102

109

3.41

1.53

1.01

.580

.619

2.66

1.71

1.16

.67 

.69

212

106

112

120

147

0

2

466

153

76

76

112

301

184

118

140

339

219

1,220

1,050

307

148

256

152

1.71

1.04

.670

.795

1.93

1.24

6.93

5.97

1.74

.841

1.45

1.97

1.16

.77

.92

2.01

1.42

7.73

6.88

1.94

.97

1.67

.96

369 2.10 28.40

107

117

129

0

71

359

530

395

270

88

152

150

113

144

180

132

259

560

862

548

430

159

157

206

.642

.818

1.02

.750

1.47

3.18

4.90

3.11

2.44

.903

.892

1.17

.74

.91

1.18

.86

1.53

3.67

5.47

3.58

2.72

1.04

1.03

1.30

312 1.77 24.03

0

0

0

0

154

249

141

542

395

154

185

106

123

42.9

166

106

258

355

926

982

568

198

216

128

.244

.943

.602

1.47

2.02

5.26

5.58

3.23

1.12

1.23

.727

.81

.27

1.09

.69

1.53

2.33

5.87

6.43

3.60

1.29

1.42

.81

339 1.93 26.14
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y.,for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1908-1916 Continued.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

1911-12.

October....................................... 142

November...................................... 315

December..................................... 640

January....................................... 410

February...................................... 487

March......................................... 205

April.......................................... 2,670

May.......................... . ..... ...... 1,480

June........................................... 1,200

July........................................... 163

August........................................ 232

September..................................... 217

The year................................ 2,670

1912-13.

October....................................... 224

November..................................... 368

December..................................... 675

January....................................... 1,560

February...................................... 630

March......................................... 3,060

April........................ ........ .. .. 1.900

May........................................... 623

June................. ....... ... 552

July........................................... 250

August........................................ 237

September..................................... 168

The year................................ 3,060

1913-14.

October....................................... 196

November..................................... 1,240

December..................................... 650

January....................................... 496

February...................................... 374

March............................... 302

April......................................... 3.160

May........................................... 1,660

June........................................... 217

July........................................... 161

August........................................ 242

September.................................... 234

The year................................ __3,160

1914-15. =====

October....................................... 221

November..................................... 146

December..................................... 552

January....................................... 709

February...................................... 893

March............................... 650

April...................................."...... 1,750

May........................................... 519

June........................................... 280

July........................................... 280

August........................................ 457

September..................................... 261

The year................................ ___1, 750

1915-16. =

October....................................... 224

November.................................... 226

December..................................... 430

January....................................... 1,240

February...................................... 1,360

March................................... ... 305

April.......................................... 1,530

May........................................... 2,210

June........................................... 457

July........................................... 324

August........................................ 251

September.................................... 223

The 5'ear................................ 2,210

120

0

210

251

247

100

0

133

60

150

147

128

136

140

392

298

367

124

1,040

574

351

154

177

181

326

70

22

193

193

133

193

22

154

156

154

173

60

144

217

373

906

309

923

888

271

258

220

208

22 402

0

22

207

164

233

0

0

139

117

153

144

146

96.2

387

327

248

289

146

1,090

518

162

156

206

316

134

0

0

207

207

139

83

11

39

139

181

97.7

267

419

390

266

705

216

163

181

223

176

0 273

216

215

223

305

229

217

333

322

207

111

225

163

220

217

259

511

514

234

962

886

328

212

241

195

0.773

.795

2.23

1.69

2.09

.704

5.91

3.26

1.99

.875

1.01

1.03

1.85

0.818

1.23

2.12

5.15

1.76

5.24

5.04

1.54

1.46

1.25

1.18

.550

2.28

0.547

2.20

1.86

1.41

1.64

.820

6.19

2.94

.920

.887

1.17

1.03

1.80

1.03

.555

1.52

2.38

2.22

1.51

4.01

1.23

.926

1.03

1.27

1.00

1.55

1.25

1.23

1.47

2.90

2.92

1.33

5.47

5.03

1.86

1.21

1.37

1.11

111 397 2.26
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV. 85

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 

EAST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER AT NEWTON FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. 600 feet below lower dam of the Newton Falls Paper Co. in the village

of Newton Falls, St. Lawrence County, 4 miles above mouth of Little River and

10 miles below outlet of Cranberry Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 166 square milep (measured by engineers of State of New York

Conservation Commission). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 6, 1912, to September 30, 1916. Data published also

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New

York Conservation Commission. 

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank apout 600 feet below lower dam; read by C. H. Corp

and Alfred Renaud.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable 30 feet above gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Small boxilders and rock; covered with waste from the pulp

mill. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.6 feet at 5.30

p. m. May 18 (discharge, 1,860 second-feet); minimum stage is reached nearly

every Sunday during low-water period when paper mill is shut down, gage height

0.0 (discharge, 22 second-feet, represents leakage).

1912-1916: Maximum stage) recorded 6.1 feet at 5.15 p. m. March 28, 1913

(discharge, 2,200 second-feet). 1 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice only for short periods during extremely

cold weather. 

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation in flow is caused by operation of the paper

mills. Seasonal flow largely controlled by storage at Cranberry Lake. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Not affected by ice

during year. Rating curve well defined between 20 and 1,200 second-feet. 

, Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying

to rating table weighted mean gfage heights based on observer's notes concerning

operation of paper mills. Results good.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y. , 

during the yeay ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Dec. 9

Apr. 28

28

Made by 

O.W.Hartwell.........

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

1.98

3.98

3.92

Discharge.

<Sec.-ft. 

308

960

945

Date.

July 4

Sept. 24

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.26

.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

76

35.8

» Supersedes figures previously published.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART iv.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch ofOswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

304

350

oll9

242

304

304

326

304

oll2

242

304

304

304

304

304

08!

188

304

304

304

304

304

262

262

262

262

Nov.

205

262

262

262

282

350

ol55

223

282

282

262

242

o!40

180

223

223

205

262

282

223

949

205

9fi9

304

ol06

242

304

Dec.

304

304

350

376

ol71

282

350

304

326

376

242

304

' 304

304

304

304

ol48

242

9S9

304

QQ

o!12

326

350

304

350

376

Jan.

376

o!88

ORfl

OCA

350

350

402

460

430

402

460

Aon

402

430

402

402

402

402

ROO

o588

ROO

s.99

eoo

roo

554

A99

0490

eoo

Feb.

588

622

490

430

402

o304

402

402

376

376

376

430

402

402

350

350

402

282

304

304

304

304

304

o!88

402

402

Mar.

402

376

350

376

o!63

304

326

304

304

304

304

a242

304

304

350

376

376

376

o!96

402

490

588

588

KKA

658

622

694

732

*FA

Apr.

554

a 430

522

326

262

242

242

242

a 140

196

223

205

223

262

350

a 376

554

522

522

522

622

694

«732

894

982

982

982

982

938

a 938

May.

982

894

894

938

894

810

a 694

732

658

588

554

506

475

a282

282

282

694

1,680

1,680

1,740

al,560

1,500

1,270

1,070

894

<* 732

588

658

June.

350

304

304

1402

732

490

304

304

304

304

a 126

282

350

376

376

430

402

a 326

402

402

402

430

402

a 262

350

326

326

282

262

July.

223

al%

106

81

304

304

223

223

o!12

171

205

282

376

402

350

a282

402

350

326

304

304

304

402

460

460

376

376

490

o!48

402

Aug.

350

304

304

326

350

a!96

262

350

304

304

304

326

a!33

282

350

262

223

262

223

all9

223

223

242

262

304

262

a 112

205

242

223

262

Sept.

262

262

223

304

262

282

282

282

al40

205

282

223

205

196

223

al33

196

242

262

262

242

304

o87

350

282

223

262

304

326

o Sundays. 

NOTE. No gage-height record May 11-15; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 166 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

350 

350 

402 

622 

622 

732 

982 

1,740 

732 

490 

350 

350

1,740

Minimum.

a 70 

ol06 

699 

a!88 

al80 

a 163 

a 140 

a282 

o!26 

681 

all2 

a87

70

Mean.

256 

235 

286 

438 

372 

422 

522 

887 

357 

293 

261 

242

382

Per 

square 

mile.

1.54 

1.42 

1.72 

2.64 

2.24 

2.54 

3.14 

5.34 

2.15 

1.77 

1.57 

1.46

2.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.78 

1.58 

1.98 

3.04 

2.42 

2.93 

3.50 

6.16 

2.40 

2.04 

1.81 

1.63

31.27

a Sunday. & Holiday. 

NOTE. Table shows run-off as regulated at Cranberry Lake and by paper mills at Newton Falls.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 87

OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HEUVELTON, N. Y.

LOCATION. 2J miles above Heuvelton, St. Lawrence County, 3 miles below Rensselaer Falls and 7 miles above mouth, of Indian River (outlet to Black Lake).

DRAINAGE AREA. 961 square miles (all except 187 square miles measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23 to September 30,1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on the right bank, about 2J miles 

above Heuvelton, installed September 16, 1916; prior to this date stage was 

determined by measuring the distance from a reference point to the water surface. 

Recorder inspected by George Todd.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Some fluctuations due to operation of mills at Rensselaer

Falls; seasonal flow regulated by storage in Cranberry Lake. 

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, JV. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Aug. 24

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,190

418

Date.

Sept. 10

17

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.99

.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

340

326

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.. ............

June. July.

1.69

1.64

1.69

1 64

1 *ui

1.54

1 «*A.

1 49

1.44

1.39

1 V\

1 44

1.39

1.39

1.34

Aug.

1 44

1.39

1 OQ

1 OQ

1 04

1.04

1.14

1 14

1.19

1 1Q

1 1Q

1 9Q

1.39

1 44

1.39

Sept.

1.20

1.16

1 19

i i^

dO

.59

1 1Q

1 99

1.19

1.14

1 1Q

.99

1.09

1.09

1.14

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

22............... o«j

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

*>1

June.

2.32

2.22

2.14

1.98

1.94

1.89

1.89

1.84

July.

1.39

1.44

1.54

1.64

1.74

1.69

1.69

1.64

1.64

1.64

1.59

1.49

1.54

1.49

1.44

1.54

Aug.

1.29

1.24

1.29

1.29

1.24

1.29

1.19,

1.14

1.18

1.09

1.09

1.07

1.08

.95

1.12

1.17

Sept.

1.05

.95

1.06

.92

.95

1.02

1.02

1.02

1.08

1.15

1.13

1.17

1.13

NOTE. Gage height June 23 to Sept. 15 is mean of two observations per day; gage height Sept. 16-30 is 

the mean from water-stage recorder.

OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR OGDENSBTTRG, N. Y.

0£

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge locally known as Eel Weir Bridge, about 

a mile below mouth of Black Lake and 5J miles above Ogdensburg,

County, and mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,580 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 22, 1903, to December 1, 1916, JSTJI jactation .was dig; 

continued. Data published also in annual reports of 

and surveyor and State of New York Conservation C __.,._

GAGE. Chain near center of right span upstream side of bridge; *'

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by-Wj
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel under bridge solid rock and partly artificial, the 

ledge underneath bridge having been removed by blasting to increase the bridge 

opening.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.9 feet at 5 p. m., 

April 4 and 8 a. m. April 5 (discharge not determined). Minimum stage recorded, 

4.3 feet several times in September (discharge 390 second feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. There may be some diurnal fluctuation caused by operation of two 

dams in the vicinity of the gage one at Heuvelton about 5 miles above, and one 

at Eensselaer Falls, 10 miles above. Seasonal distribution of flow affected by 

artificial storage in Cranberry Lake reservoir and natural storage in Black Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation assumed to be permanent between dates of 

shifting; not affected by ice. Change in rating curve caused by high water in 

April. Eating curves poorly defined. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean gage heights to rating table. 

Results poor,

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by A. H. Davison.]

Date.

Jan. 28.... ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7 09

4.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,720

441

Date.

Sept. 18.....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

446

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., for the 

period Oct. 1, 1915, to Dec 1, 1916.

Day.

1915-16^ 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5......H.......

6..............

7..............

8.... ..........

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.............:

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

23..............

94

25..............

2§ib &ffw nor

$fi tower -vte

29.. ............

30.. rr...T .~-.. 3S>jf'H J8v_i' . FJ

Oct.

596

724

750

890

1,040

1,040

965

1,120

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,200

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

i fun

890

JR'1*BSCK:

7W«

' Y5o8>>

Nov.

750

750

646

620

596

646

750

750

750

724

685

685

750

646

620

685

620

620

620

1,440

965

820

890

890

QfiK

dysoo

rl'ortdft i

1,200

 ,.

Dec.

1,200

1,200

1,280

1,280

1,360

1,360

1 360

1 ^fift

13 360

1,200

1,040

1,040

Ron

son

890

son

QCC

1,040

1,040

1 040

l'l20

1 ^AO

1 440

1,800

2,310

2

CAfl

I&700

r4,200

J3FTOO

 i

Jan.

3,700

3,460

2 980

2,980

2,980

3,700

4,720

4,720

4 QOfl

4,720

4,720

4,200

4 720

4,720

4,200

3,700

3,220

3,220

4

ARf\

5

ocn

4,200

4.200

5,250 

5,520

5,800

6 1 080

Feb.

6,360

6,360

6,360

6,360

5,800

6,250

4,720

4,200

3,220

2,640

2,310

9 9nn

i snri

1,530

1 440

1 ifin

1,530

1,360

1 360

l'440

1 ^fiT»

1 360

1 360

1^440

1 IRft

2

1 ftO

Mar.

2,100

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,000

2,100

2,100

1,900

1,800

1,710

1,530

1^440

1,360

1 360

1 360

1^280

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,120

1,200

1 200

1,200

1,280 

1,530

2

7cn

4,720

8

1 CA

Apr.

10,600

12,500

13,700

14,700

14,700

14,000

13,400

12,200

10,600

9,390

9,080

8,460

8,150

6,650

6,650

7 240

7,540

7,240

6,650

6,080

5,520

5,520

5

OKH

5,520

5,520

5,250

4

QQA

4,980

4,980

May.

4,980

4,980

4,980

4,460

4,720

4,980

4,720

4,720

4,200

3,950

3,460

2,980

2,860

2,530

2,530

2,310

2,420

4,200

5,520

8,460

9.080

10' 000

10^300

10,300

9,080

8,150

7,240

5,520

5 O£O

June.

4,980

4,460

3,850

3,950

3,340

3,340

3,220

3,340

3,220

3,220

3,100

2,980

2 980

2, 750

2,640

2,640

3,220

3,100

2,980

3,460

3,100

9 QSfi

2,980

2 QQfV

3,220

2,860

2,420

2,100

July.

2,100

1,900

1,900

1,710

1,710

1,620

1,530

1,360

1,280

1,360

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,200

1,200

1,440

1.200

1,200

1,360

1,360

1,200

1,170

1,170

1,010

965 

1,040

965

1,040

1 

'

040

Aug.

1,010

965

890

890

820

724

685

724

724

750

685

685

685

820

750

646

685

620

620

620

620

620

620

646

620

524

500

478

445

412

478

Sept.

500

412

412

446

412

390

390

390

390

390

390

412

390

390 ^on

390

478

390

445

390

445

390

390

qnn

390

390

390 

390

390

412
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., for the 

period Oct. 1, 1915, to Dec. 1, 1916 Continued. '

Day.

1916 

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4....

5.........

6.........

7. ........

8. ........

9. ........

10.........

Oct.

390

390

445

500

524

524

500

685

620

560

Nov.

750

820

750

724

646

685

750

750

965

890

Dec.

1,120

Day.

1916 

11.........

12.........

13.........

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

Oct.

560

596

620

560

560

620

724

620

596

620

Nov.

778

724

750

778

820

778

750

778

750

862

Dec. Day.

1916 

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30

31.........

Oct.

820

724

620

596

620

862

750

750

750

750

724

Nov.

890

890

890

1,360

890

920

965

965

1,040

1 ft4ft

Dec.

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably not affected by ice; open-water rating curve applicable 

throughout year.

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., for the period Oct. 1,

1915, to Nov. 30, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,580 square miles.)

Month.

1915-16.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July........:..................................

1916.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,200 

1,440 

4,200 

6,080 

6,360 

8,150 

14,700 

10,300 

4,980 

2,100 

1,010 

500

14,700

862 

1,360

Minimum -

596 

596 

890 

2,980 

1,360 

1,120 

4,980 

2,310 

2,100 

965 

412 

390

390

390 

646

Mean.

954 

819 

1,530 

4,360 

2,930 

1,890 

8,410 

5,530 

3,130 

1,350 

676 

406

2,660

619

845

Per

square 

mile.

0.604 

.518 

.968 

2.76 

1.87 

1.20 

5.32 

3.50 

1.98 

.854 

.428 

.257

1.68

.392

.535

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.58 

1.12 

3.18 

2.02 

1.38 

5.94 

4.04 

2.21 

.98 

.49 

.29

22.93

.45 

.60

WEST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HARRISVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Geers Corners, about 2J miles downstream from 

Harrisville, Lewis County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 245 square miles (measured on topographic maps and United 

States Geological Survey map; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1 to September 30, 1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Vertical staff in three sections on the right bank; section reading from 0.0 

to 3.3 feet, about 25 feet below bridge, 2 sections graduated from 3.3 to 10.1 feet 

on downstream side of bridge abutment. Gage read by Frank Osborne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 200 feet above bridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky and rough; probably permanent.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not effected by ice.

REGULATION. The pulp mill at Harrisville causes some diurnal fluctuation.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Oswegatchie River at Harrisville, N. T,, 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Made by A. H. Davlson.]

Date.

July 3........................

27........................

height.

Feet. 

2.15

1.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 212'

162

Date.

Sept. 21.... ..................

22......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.63

1.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

95.3

59.1

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Oswegatchie River at Harrisville, N. Y"., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Day.

1.........

2.........

4.........

5.........

# 

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10.........

July.

208

195

220

245

290

245 1o>;

220

170

146

Aug.

63

74

98

74

74

85

68

63

115

146

Sept.

63

63

70

79

79

85

TO

68

65

64

Day.

11.........

12.........

10

14.........

15.........

16.........

17.........

18.........

19.........

20.........

July.

146

115

135

195

260

195

195

232

220

195

Aug.

115

77

135

115

124

106

91

70

91

58

Sept.

74

63

51

53

62

68

91

91

106

91

Day.

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

July.

170

146

146

136

170

170

146

135

135

124

77

Aug.

68

68

85

74

63

63

79

58

51

51

44

Sept.

79

68

Q1

91

91

124

98

74

85

220

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Oswegatchie River at Harrisville, N. Y., for the 

year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 245 square miles.]

Month.

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

290 

146 

220

Minimum.

77 

44 

51

Mean.

180 

82.1 

82.9

Per

square 

mile.

0.735 

.335 

.338

Run-off 

(depth hi 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.85 

.39

.38
STREAMS TRIBUTARY, TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,

RAQUETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD, N. Y.

LOCATION. One-half mile below the dam of the International Paper Co. at Fiercefield, St. Lawrence County and about three-fourths mile above head of Black 

Rapids.

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles (all but 16 square miles measured on topographic

f

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20, 1908, to September 30,1916. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder in a galvanized sheet iron house over a concrete 

well, on the right bank about one-half mile below dam. Prior to January 1,1913, 

the following gages were used: August 20, 1908, to September 3, 1910, vertical 

staff fastened to an old pine stump; September 4 to December 31, 1910, chain 

gage fastened to same stump and at same datum; June 1,1911, datum of the chain 

gage was lowered 2 feet; water-stage recorder was set at this datum. Recorder 

inspected by F. Bedard.

^DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths mile below gage, just 

above Black rapids.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel opposite gage is a deep pond with no perceptible 

velocity. Control is at head of Black rapids.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

9.63 feet at 9 a. m. May 22 (discharge 4,780 second-feet); minimum stage, estimated 

1.80 feet on September 17 and September 24 (discharge 53 second-feet).

1908-1916: Maximum stage from water-stage recorder, 11.68 feet at 3 a. m. 

April 1, 1913 (discharge 7,100 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage 

recorder, 0.85 foot at 11 a. m. September 2, 1913 (discharge about 10 second-feet).

ICE. Rapids that form control rarely freeze and measurements when the pond was 

covered with ice indicate that the stage-discharge relation was not affected.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in flow caused by dam during low and medium stages. Numerous lakes in the upper part of the drainage afford considerable 

storage, most of which is so controlled that the effect on the seasonal distribution 

of flow is large.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 50 and 1,500 second-feet and fairly well 

defined between 1,500 and 6,000 second-feet. Operation of the water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout the year, except from November 12 to March 5. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating table mean daily gage 

heights determined by inspecting the gage-height graph or, for days of considerable 

fluctuation, by averaging the hourly discharge. Results good except for period 

November 5 to March 5, for which estimated discharge is probably fair.

Discharge measurements of Raguette River at Piercefield, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by A. H. Davison.]

Date.

Jan. 13........

13........

23........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.74

5.72

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,230

1,250

263

Date.

May 4........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

9.38

9.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

239

4,610

4,450

Date.

May 5........

25........

Sept. 28........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.41

9.43

3.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,610

4.560

256
SURFACE WAITER SUPPLY, 1016, PART iv.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

530

652

308

335

562

562

580

 580

485

368

580

598

580

562

440

227

367

562

580

562

562

485

235

376

562

562

562

580

435

293

Nov.

355

562

562

545

575

575

130

 JOQ

545

545

530

540

545

309

515

COK

500

515

330

232

304

545

530

545

575

550

285

696

661

Dec.

686

702

718

?nn

138

425

715

79Q

718

720

715

245

575

725

740

730

740

700

355

761

674

679

704

815

4.^3

471

Jan.

1,180

1,190

1,200

i ion

1,160

1,130

1,160

1 OKA

1,280

1,280

1,630

1,860

1,780

1 QPift

Feb. Mar.

1,630

1,600

1,630

1,600

1,600

761

1,430

1,600

1,460

1,350

1,380

1,380

644

1,120

1,160

1,290

1,190

1,160

1,160

542

1,010

1,070

874

1,050

1,280

Apr.

1,320

1,290

2,020

2,110

2,380

2.470

2,560

2,650

2,640

2,740

2,840

2,840

2,840

2.740

2,840

2,730

3,240

3,140

3,040

3,140

3,140

3,340

3,440

3,840

4,340

4,340

4,340

4,440

4,440

4,340

May

4,540

4,540

4,540

4,540

4,540

4,540

4,240

4,340

4,140

4,040

3,840

3,640

3,540

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,540

3,840

4,040

4,240

4,340

4,640

4,750

4,640

4,540

4,440

4,340

3,940

3,940

3,740

3,640

June.

3,440

3,340

3,240

2,840

3,140

2,910

2,750

2,630

2,550

2,430

1,780

2,110

2,020

1,820

1,780

1,740

1,600

739

1,370

1,660

1,420

1,190

1,190

1,320

651

1,120

1,060

781

779

775

July.

908

653

818

507

492

747

750

754

347

670

779

741

737

892

933

517

873

1,010

759

769

726

725

397

738

615

632

632

632

650

460

650

Aug

598

615

580

580

580

318

492

562

580

580

580

580

294

471

545

545

562

562

545

304

363

545

545

500

485

455

276

328

410

395

380

Sept.

365

365

217

107

249

274

218

185

104

82

145

203

190

194

203

119

60

118

218

234

224

214

124

59

156

220

232

230

222

122

NOTE. Daily discharge estimated for following days: Nov. 5,6,11-13,17-19,25-27, Dec. 4,10-19, Jan. 12, 

31, and June 6-10. Discharge estimated by comparison with records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage basins, as follows: Dec. 27-31, 975 second-feet; Jan. 1-9, 978 second-feet; Jan. 16-23, 1,040 secondfeet; Feb. 1-10, 1,910 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 1,570 second-feet; Feb. 21-29, 1,600 second-feet; Mar. 1-6, 

1,600 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. T.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

April .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

652 

696

1,950

4,440 

4,750 

3,440 

1,010 

615 

365

4,750

Minimum.

o223 

oll9 

o!38

o542 

ol,290 

3,340 

o651 

o347 

o276 

o59

o59

Mean.

480 

469 

684 

1,170 

1,700 

1,310 

3,050 

4,120 

1,870 

694 

489 

188

1,350

Per 

square 

mile.

0.664 

.649 

.946 

1.62 

2.35 

1.81 

4.22 

5.70 

2.59 

.960 

.677 

.260

1.87

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.77 

.72 

1.09 

1.87 

2.53 

2.09 

4.71 

6.57 

2.89 

1.11 

.78 

.29

25.42

a Sunday.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 93

RAQTTETTE RIVER AT MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the concrete highway bridge at Massena Springs, St. Lawrence County, 

8 miles below Baymondville and 10 miles above the mouth of stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,200 square miles (measured by engineers of the State of New 

York Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 21 to October 17,1903; April 9, 1904, to November 

30, 1916, when station was discontinued. Data published also in annual reports 

of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation 

Commission.

GAGE. Chain gage near center of left span upstream side of bridge; installed February 2, 1912. Original gage was a vertical staff fastened to the stonework on left 

bank, about 50 feet upstream from present bridge. On August 16, 1906, it was 

replaced by the present chain gage fastened to the old highway bridge just above 

the present bridge. Zero of the present gage was set 1 foot lower than that of the 

staff gage to avoid negative readings. The present chain gage was reset at such 

a datum that readings would be comparable with those at the former location. 

Gage read by Vivian McDonald.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.83 feet at 3.30 

p. m., April 1 (discharge about 14,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

1.13 feet at 8.30 a. m., October 4 (discharge 212 second-feet).

1903-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 14.2 feet between 9 and 11 a. m., 

March 31, 1913 (discharge 16,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.8 foot 

at 8.30 a. m., September 21, 1913 (discharge, about 50 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Gage observations suspended during 

winter.

REGULATION. The operation of a number of power plants above the station has 

marked effect on the low-water flow of the stream. These plants are usually run 

for 24-hour power but are closed on Sundays. The effect of this closing is noticeable for several days.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shifting. 

Bating curve used October 1 to March 29,1916, well defined between 200 and 8,000 

second-feet; that used after March 29 fairly well defined between 200 and 8,000 

second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the mean daily gage heights to rating table. Besults fair.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by A. H. Davison.]

Date.

May 2.. ........

22.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.00

6.98

7.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,380

5,360

6,120

Date.

May 22.........

28.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.44

9 (Y7

2 Ol

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,180

850

884

Date.

19

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

272

226
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.,for the 

period Oct. 1, 1915, to Nov. 30, 1916.

Day.

1915-16. 

1...................

2.. .................

3...................

4...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

Id... ................

16...........:.......

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28. ..................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

1,060 

1,680 

325 

230 

405

545 

630 

920 

920

785

920 

1,140 

1,210

990

1,060

1 

1

1 

1 

1

1

1

1 

720 

990 

210 

520

850 

850 

940

680

680

3fiO

1,680

1,

1 

1,

Day. Oct.

1916. i. ............. :

2.............. ] 3.............. :

4.............. i

5.............. 1

6.............. 5

7.............. J

8.............. I

9. ............. 4 10.............. :

(10 

50 

(30 

70 

68

!90 

!90 

)20 

U5 

50

360

210 

360

Nov.

1,140 

1,600 

850 

690 

600

850 

1,140 

1,210 

990 

850

850 

850 

1 060

1*600 

1,210

1,520

1,680 

1,850 

1,140 

1,210

990 

920 

Ir060

1,360

1 210

1,600

1,210

1j<l

1,3_-

160 fin

920

Nov.

492 

465 

392 

575 

520

415 

465 

440 

370 

330

Dec.

990 

990 

1,060 

1,360 

1,440

1,680 

1,680 

1,680 

1,280

Mar.

13,900 

13,700

Apr.

14,400 

12,900 

10,500 

8,440 

6,670

5,710 

4,440 

4,680 

5,190 

3,660

3,650 

3,650 

4,200 

4,800 

3,540

5,580 

4,680 

5,190 

4,800 

5,060

4,090 

4,930 

5,190 

5,450 

6,970

5,450 

5,190 

6,110 

6,390 

5,710

Day. Oct.

11 

12 

13 

14 

15

16 

17 

IS 

19 

20

1916.

370 

440 

465 

792 

1,030

728 

825 

825 

890 

1,100

May.

5,450 

5,970 

5,840 

5.710 

5,970

0,710 

5,190 

4,680 

4,930 

4,680

4,800 

4,930 

4,200 

4,440 

4,090

3,650 

4,440 

4,930 

6,250 

5,450

5,190 

5.970 

6,530 

6,250 

5,710

5,190 

5,320 

4,930 

4,930 

5,190 

4,930

Nov.

520 

728 

575 

415 

350

465 

415 

415 

310 

370

June.

4,680 

4,200 

3,980 

3,760 

3,760

3.870 

3,650 

3,320 

3,220 

3,320

3,120 

2,920 

3,120 

3,760 

2,920

2,720 

2,720 

3,650 

3,320 

2,440

2,350 

2,170 

2,260 

1,900 

1,740

1,580 

1,820 

1,740 

1,660 

1,660

July.

1,260 

1,260 

1,180 

465 

665

1,030 

1,500 

960 

695 

825

1,030 

1,180 

1,340 

1,340 

1,100

1,100 

415 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500

1,500 

1,340 

005 

792 

1,030

1,030 

925 

728 

925 

415 

575

Day.

1916. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

30..............

31..............

A*.

695 

792 

1,030 

960 

925

890 

370 

728 

520 

665

1,100 

1,030 

858 

695 

465

415 

392 

290 

290 

370

370 

290 

575 

760 

825

760 

890 

890 

760 

792 

605

Oct.

1,180 

1,500 

1,260 

1,100 

1,030

960 

858 

890 

1,030 

635 

350

Sept.

370 

310 

370 

330 

350

296 

392 

415 

415 

492

415

465 

465 

575 

575

520 

440 

330 

330 

290

310 

290 

415 

370 

330

392 

330 

330 

310 

392

Nov.

465 

605 

760 

960 

1,030

1,000 

960 

1,100 

960 

960

NOTE. Discharge estimated, because of ice, as follows: Dec. 10-31, 1,160 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 2,610 

second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 2,510 second-feet; Mar. 1-29, 1.830 second-feet. These estimates were based on the 

assumption that the run-off per square mile below Piercefleld was the same as that for St. Regis River at 

Brasher Center. A study of the data for months for which records are available indicates that results based 

on this assumption are fairly good.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 95

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.,for the period Oct. 1,

1915, to Nov. SO, 1916.

[Drainage area, 1,200 square miles.]

Month.

1915-16. 

October. ......................................

January .......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

Aui^ist .........................................

September... . .................................

The year................................

1916.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,940

1,850

14,400 

6,530 

4,080 

1,500 

1,100 

575

14,400

i,r.oo

1,030

Minimum.

230 

600

,

3,540 

3,650 

1,580 

415 

290 

290

230

150 

310

Mean.

1,170 

1,150 

1,220 

2,610 

2,510 

2,600 

5,870 

5,210 

2,910 

1,020 

678 

387

2,270

692 

594

Per 

square 

mile.

0.975 

.958 

1.02 

2.18 

2.09 

2.17 

4.89 

4.34 

2.42 

.850 

.565 

.322

1.89

.577 

.495

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.12 

1.07 

1.18 

2.51 

2.25 

2.50 

5.46 

5.00 

2.70 

.98 

.65 

.36

25.78

.67 

.55

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

JLOCATION. Near the steel highway bridge in the village of Brasher Center, St. Lawrence County, 5 miles downstream from Brasher Falls, 6} miles below junction of 

East and West branches of St. Regis River, and about 12 miles above the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 621 square miles (measured on post route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22,1910, to September 30,1916. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Staff, with inclined and vertical sections, on right bank about 600 feet above 

bridge; installed June 24, 1916. Prior to this date, chain on downstream side 

of bridge. Gages not at same datum; subject to different controls. Gage read 

by Joseph Vanier.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable at staff gage installed in June, 1916; 

previously made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Small boulders and coarse gravel at cable; large boulders 

and gravel, very rough, at bridge; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.2 feet (chain 

gage) at 8 a. m., March 31 and April 2; stage-discharge relation affected by ice 

(discharge about 13,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.75 feet (staff 

gage) at 7 a. m., August 21 (discharge, 162 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet at 7 a. m., March 27,1914 (discharge, 16,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.75 feet at 5 p. m., August 

9, 7 a. m. and 5 p. m., August 10, and 7 a. m., August 12, 1914 (discharge, 105 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shifting. Affected by ice for a large portion of the period from December to March, 

inclusive. Rating curve used October 1 to June 23 well defined between 200 and 

3,000 second-feet; that used June 24 to September 30 well defined between 200
96 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET IV.

and 1,000 second-feet. Gages read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results for 

periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice fair, those for other 

periods good.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y'., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Tan 14

26

29

Feb. 12

18

19

Mar. 3

15

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

o7.06

«5.65

o6.02

o6.79

o 5. 23

o5.79

o6.40

o5.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

832

1,170

1,960

3.480

722

748

624

838

610

Date.

Mar. 29

May 3

3

23

24

June 24

July 29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o7.26

4.96

4.88

5.51

5.36

64.61

c4.08

<*4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,240

1,290

1,190

2,470

2,270

812

298

244

oSt 

6St

ge-discharge relation affected by ice. 

ff gage read 6.60 feet.

c Staff gage read 6.02 feet. 

d Staff gage read 5.98 feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y'.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

475

407

432

494

680

1,220

1,070

1,000

740

551

47<;

458

407

OOrt

390

390

qoft

QQA

315

282

263

407

QQA

OQA

375

302

330

302

282

475

Nov.

592

625

551

475

494

494

407

432

458

OQTl

458

407

458

375

625

680

740

CQO

865

865

800 flan

KOO

475

475

475

494

522

Dec.

494

475

432

407

458

432

424

407

407

350

365

372

395

410

42&

446

473

491

510

540

580

600

1,070

1,000

940

940

880

880

Jan.

820

765

765

710

655

2,150

2,590

2,480

1,940

i fidft

1 460

1,300

1,170

1,070

1,000 i fiftfi

940

Q4fi

Q4.fi

940

I Qdn

S

qfift

S

oon

2

qan

1,940

4,270

4 600

3^480

3,650

3.220

Feb.

2,480

2,260

2,040

1,840

1,640

1,380

1,070

880

820

765

765

710

710 710"

710

655

655

655

655

655

ftCK

655

655

710

765

820

1,070

1 DOfi

1,550

Mar.

1,550

1,140

1,000

880

655

500

410

372

335

335

335

335

EflA

550

455

KftfJ

335

500

w\

302

270

335

335

302

455

820

4,600

6,450

13.800

Apr.

7,950

11,700

9,250

7,500

3,360

2,810

2,560

2,190

2,080

1,760

1,970

2,190

2,190

2,680

3,220

2,810

2,940

2,680

2,810

2,560

2,190

2,940

2,810

3,080

2,080

2,430

1,860

1,570

May.

1,570

1,480

1,660

1,860

1,480

1,760

1,570

1,390

1,140

1,140

1,220

930

930

740

800

865

1,970

6,650

6,650

4,770

3,810

3,220

2,560

2,190

1,760

1,570

1,390

1,140

1,220

1,390

1.570

June.

1,390

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,220

930

800

680

930

QOA

680

1,140

1,070

QQft

1,140

930

1,000

1,070

1,390

1,570

1,220

1,000

810

695

695

611

495

810

875

July.

695

590

533

461

514

571

410

452

495

402

365

418

402

350

365

335

365

372

380

365

335

302

402

497

365

335

283

264

237

Aug.

2%

259

237

237

220

215

220

237

237

237

283

342

302

220

248

237

220

191

17CL

171

17*

195

175

179

179

175

179

171

183

195

183

Sept.

179

183

183

195

264

259

220

215

207

175

199

199

191

199

179

195

179

195

276

237

220

220

226

215

276

296

264

302

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 10 to Apr. 4 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph. Observations on new inclined staff gage begun June 24.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 97

Monthly discharge of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. K,/or the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 621 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June... ........................................

July...........................................

The vear.. ...............................

Discharge hi second-feet.

Ti/ffff\mnm,

1,220 

865 

1,070 

4,600 

2,480 

13,800 

11,700 

6,650 

1,570 

695 

342 

350

13.800

Minimum .

263 

375 

350 

655 

655 

270 

1,570 

.740 

495 

237 

171 

175

171

Mean.

472 

549 

541 

1,880 

1,050 

1,270 

3,380 

2,010 

996 

404 

219 

225

1.080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.760 

.884 

.871 

3.03 

1.69 

2.05 

5.45 

3.24 

1.60 

.650 

.353 

.362

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.88 

.99 

1.00 

3.49 

1.82 

2.36 

6.08 

3.74 

1.78 

.75 

.41 

.40

23.70

DEER RIVER AT BRASHER IRON WORKS, N. T.

LOCATION. In the village of Brasher Iron Works, St. Lawrence County, about 1,000 

feet below the steel highway bridge, and 2 miles above confluence of Deer River 

with St. Regis River in Helena. No important tributaries enter between gage and 

mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 206 square miles (measured on Post Route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1912, to September 30, 1916, when station was discontinued. Data published also in annual reports of New York State engineer 

and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Inclined staff 32 feet long, graduated from 0.5 to 11.0 feet, about 1,000 feet 

below the steel highway bridge. Gage read by Alex. Barlow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.8 feet at 5 p. m. 

April 1 (discharge about 4,220 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot at 

6 p. m. September 12 (discharge 21 second-feet).

1912-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 9.3 feet at 4 p. m. January 17,1913 (discharge, about 9,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot at 6 a. m. 

August 20 and 7 a. m. September 14, 1913 (discharge, 17 second-feet).

ICE . Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Gage observations suspended 

during such periods.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent betwee'n dates of shifting; 

affected by ice for large portion of period from December to March. Rating curve 

used October 1 to December 9 well defined between 35 and 600 second-feet and 

fairly well defined between 600 and 3,200 second-feet; that used April 1 to September 30 well defined between 40 and 600 second-feet. Gage read to halftenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

heights to rating table. Results good, except for periods after April 1, when the 

discharge was above 600 second-feet, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 80,1916.

[Made by A. H. Davison.J

Date.

Mayl. .......................

23........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.18

9 17

2.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

273

435

Date.

July 29. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.34

1.17

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

309

56.6

89873° WSP 434 17-
98 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30..-. ....... .................

31...........................

Oct.

71

64

QQ

QQ

143

251

175

133

115

92

82

85

71

74

85

88

79

61

fii

85

85

78

70

56

46

if.

56

74

72

74

78

Nov.

QQ

OQ

es

88

82

74

70

66

82

77

71

66

71t&

63

143

133

133

143

133

175

153

133

115

107

QQ

99

88

96

93

Dec.

82

99

88

93

78

71

KQ

t\Q

58

58

58

59

61

63

66

70

74

81

86

92

99

107

124

133

153

199

704

610

484

446

392

Apr.

3,760

1,980

1,120

710

660

660

570

485

660

525

570

660

570

570

660

1,190

810

660

615

485

426

407

760

760

615

525

407

390

338

305

May.

274

274

9fift

372

305

274

245

218

218

192

180

168

146

136

126

126

660

1,980

1,590

1,050

660

485

445

407

305

245

218

192

168

232

426

June.

290

218

192

205

168

168

146

157

180

192

146

168

180

157

245

232

338

274

570

760

660

465

322

245

218

180

168

157

126

126

July.

116

107

116

157

136

146

107

98

88

74

92

93

157

116

98

76

146

136

126

98

74

67

73

90

76

68

61

61

55

54

50

Aug.

60

41

40

48

47

45

42

71

88

93

88

71

60

47

37

35

24

40

46

52

37

27

40

37

41

34

40

40

31

42

42

Sept.

Af\

34

48

50

66

52

71

63

48

57

41

25

46

41

27

50

50

52

66

47

45

47

52

71

54

57

63

54

48

80

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9-24 estimated, because of ice, from weather records, study of gage-height graph, 

and comparison with records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage areas.

Monthly discharge of Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y. ,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1916.

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...... .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

251 

175 

704 

3,760 

1,980 

760 

157 

93 

80

Minimum.

45 

58

305 

126 

126

50 

24 

25

Mean.

88.7 

99.9 

158 

762 

406 

255 

97.2 

47.9 

51.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.431 

.485 

.718 

3.70 

1.97 

1.24 

.472 

.232 

.251

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.54 

.83 

4.13 

2.27 

1.38 

.54 

.27 

.28

RICHELIETT RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, ROTTSES POINT, N. Y.

LOCATION. Inside the fort, three-eighths mile south of the international boundary, 

about one-half mile above mouth of Richelieu River, the outlet of Lake Cham- 

- plain, and 1 mile northeast of the village of Rouses Point, Clintott'C/otinty. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 7,870 square miles, including 436 square miles of water surface 

(from annual report of New York State Engineer and Surveyor).
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 99

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1875 to 1916. Data published also in annual reports of New 

York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation 

Commission.

GAGE. Staff inside the fort. Elevation of gage zero, 92.50 feet above mean sea level.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum elevation recorded during year, 98.00 feet at 10 

a. m. April 26 and 27; minimum elevation recorded, 92.7 feet at 10 a. m. November 5.

1869-1916: Maximum elevation recorded 103.28 feet, April, 1869,J Minimum elevation recorded, 91.9 feet, November 13, 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

&..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

0.5

.5

.45

.6

.4

.4

.55

.6

.5

.6

.65

.65

.7

.4

.5

.6

.7

.7

.55

.6

.5

.3

.4

.5

.6

.45

.5

.6

.3

.3

Nov.

0.6

.4

.3

.35

.2

.3

.3

.4

Q1

.4

.4

.6

.5

d^

.35

.4

.3

4>!

.5

.75

.55

.55

.55

.55

.65

.65

.75

.6

.6

.7

Dec.

0.7

.7

.65

.65

.6

.6

.65

.8

.7

.55

.65

.65

.7

.65

.65

.65

.7

.7

.75

.75

.75

.85

.95

.85

.9

.95

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.35

1.45

Jan.

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.75

1.65

L75

1.75

1.8

1.95

1.95

2.05

2.2

2.35

2.5

2.65

Feb.

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.95

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.0

2.95

9 on

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.85

Mar.

2.85

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9j5

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.85

2.9

3.15

3.3

Apr.

3.4

3.7

3.95

4.25

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.9

5.0

4.95

4.95

4.95

5.0

5.1

5.15

5.1

5.15

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.35

5.45

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.35

May.

5.35

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.05

5.0

4.85

4.95

4.75

4.55

4.45

4.45

4.35

4.4

4.3

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.65

4.65

4.95

4.65

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.25

4 9

4.1

June.

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.05

4.0

3.5

3.75

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.75

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.85

3.6

3.6

3.9

3.7

3.65

3.5

3.5

3.55

July.

3.55

3.55

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.15

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.7

9 7

2.7

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.6

2.55

2 4

Aug.

2.25

2.3

2.4

2.25

2.25

2.1

2.15

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

2.0

1 OS

1.9

1 O

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.5

Sept.

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.4

1.3

1.45

1.35,

1.3

1.15,

1.2

1 91

1 V,

1 91

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.3

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.2

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.25

1 ^

1.25

1.1

SARANAC RIVER NEAR PLATTSBTTRG, N. 7.

LOCATION. At Indian Rapids power plant (formerly known as Lozier dam) of Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., about 6 miles above mouth of river at Plattsburg, Clinton 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 27, 1903, to September 30, 1916. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Crest gage a vertical staff on angle of wing wall at end of tailrace; datum 

raised 0.76 foot August 20, 1906. Tailrace gage a vertical staff spiked to timberwork dike between tailrace and river and about 50 feet below power house. 

Datum has changed slightly owing to settling of crib work. Records of kilowatt 

output are obtained by a wattmeter on switchboard at half-hour intervals. An 

inclined staff gage at the cable station, about one-fourth mile below the dam, has. 

been used to obtain a discharge rating at that point.

i IT. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 97, p. 340,1904.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable one-fourth mile below dam. Lowwater measurements made by wading under cable or in tailrace. Gages and 

watt meters read by power-house operators.

DISCHARGE EATING. Records include flow over concrete spillway 171.25 feet in crest 

length, a rating for which has been prepared by use of coefficients 1 derived from 

experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University on a model 

section of the dam; the discharge through two power units equipped with 300- 

kilowatt generators which have been rated by current-meter measurements, and 

the discharge through two 5-foot waste gates when open. Occasional observations 

are made on inclined staff gage at the cable to check ratings of spillway and turbines.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 4,100 second feet, 

April 2; minimum daily discharge, 165 second-feet, September 17.

1908-1916: Maximum daily discharge, 6,410 second-feet April 20, 1914; minimum daily discharge, 90 second-feet, September 28, 1914.

SPECIAL STUDY. A portable water-stage recorder was operated at the cable for a short 

period in July, 1914. Determinations of mean daily discharge based on its record 

agree very closely with those based on power-plant ratings.

ICE. Crest of spillway is kept free from ice so that stage-discharge relation is not 

affected.

REGULATION. The lakes and ponds on the main stream and tributaries above the 

station comprise a water surface of about 25.5 square miles. The actual storage 

afforded by these reservoirs has been largely increased by the State dam at Lower 

Saranac Lake, the operation of which affects the distribution of flow throughout 

the year.

ACCURACY. Discharge measurements made during the year indicate that the ratings 

of spillway and turbines have not changed. Discharge over the spillway ascertained by applying to the rating table mean gage heights for 6-hour periods; 

discharge through the turbines ascertained by applying to their ratings the mean 

kilowatt output and head for 12-hour periods. Results fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records and wattmeter readings furnished by Plattsburg 

Gas & Electric Co., Herbert A. Stutchbury, superintendent.

Discharge measurements of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 12

Apr. 29

29

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

3.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

460

1,860

1,980

Date.

May 27

Made by 

O.W. Hartwell........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.94

2.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,440

716

1 Horton, R. E., Weir experiments, coefficients and formulas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

200, pp. 98-100, 1907.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 101

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

390 4on

310

400

410

440

3fin

410

290

470

QCA

235

320

380

420

245

490

OQrt

3on

380

390

420

250

Qdn

250

9on

330

480

500

440

Nov.

560

580

410

420

430

300

370

460

370

OAA

360

OOA

500

560

AK.f\

d*A

CAA

KAf\

470

600

400

420

400

410

340

470

3on

Dec.

410

350

400

400

260

450

300

O4n

370

360

270

OCA

**Qfl

01 A

OAA

320

330

470

qort

490

260

320

9Qfl

320 *>7n

410

520

CJA

f\A(\

540

490

Jan.

430

440

540

400

460

520

700

660

520

740

700 7nft

760

760

660

600

7nn

600

ECA

560

620

640

960

1,080

1,220

1,250

1

RAA

2,250

2,200

2,100

2

AAA

Feb.

2,150

1,850

1,550

1,140

1,350

1,240

1.220

980

920

880

700

700

540

580

460

560

600

720

600

520

500

620

720

640

640

1,300

1,400

1,100

980

Mar.

920

900

780

740

640

600

680

760

700

740

760

640

780

640

fifin

540

con

520

KAA

620

540

540

560

560

520

4Jn

760

1,400

2,000

2,500

2

QAn

Apr.

3,000

4,100

3,300

2,600

2,150

2,200

1,800

1,600

1,450

1,450

1,450

1 600

1*650

1 7**n

1,650

1,800

2 1 ttf\

2,200

2 inn

9 fiAA

1,900

1,650

1,600

2,800

2 CAA

2,250

2,050

1,600

1,850

1,650

May.

1,600

1,350

1,400

1,800

1,650

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,350

1 OAA

1,120

QHfl

1,020

I

CCA

3.000

2

7AA

2,700

2,350

2,000

2,000

1,900

1,650

1,600

1 4.KH

1,200

1 OAA

1,300

1,400

June.

1,220

1,160

1,000

1,080

1,100

1,450

1,040

780

880

860

880

1,040

Qdft

940

1 000

1,120

1 KCA

1,600

1,700

1,400

1,240

960

780

640

680 7no,

900

880

840

July.

740

510

800

680

1,100

880

760

720

500

720

580

600

620

540

CCA

370

660

son

620

460

580

540

600

960

7sn

760

660

740

<WI

360

640

Aug.

460

540

410

450

500

580

540

450

490

560

470

430

230

460

460

300

qjft

310

OCA

f>tK

390

300

300

310

O1A

330

230

320

360

370

440

Sept.

370

310

215

390

370

300

245

380

310

220

380 97n

ton

OQfl

QQA

290

165

280

OCA

270

280

480

320

480

400

360

260

300

280

Monthly discharge of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

Aprn..................... .....................

May

July ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

500 

600 

540 

2,250 

2,150 

2,800 

4,100 

3,000 

1,700 

1,100 

580 

480

4,100

Minimum .

235 

o280 

o260 

400 

460 

o440 

ol,450 

o960 

o640 

o360 

o215 

o!65

o!65

Mean.

376 

4b3 

376 

898 

937 

845 

2,060 

1,610 

1,040 

657 

394 

312

826

Per 

square 

mile.

0.619 

.713 

.619 

1.48 

1.54 

1.39 

3.39 

2.65 

1.71 

1.08 

.649 

.514

1.36

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.71 

.80 

.71 

1.71 

1.66 

1.60 

3.78 

3.06 

1.91 

1.24 

.75 

.57

18.50

o Sunday. 

ATJSABLE RIVER AT ATTSABLE FORKS, W. Y.

LOCATION. In the village of Ausable Forks, Clinton County, immediately below

junction of east and west branches and about 15 miles above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 444 square miles (measured on topographic maps.)
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PAET IV.

BECOBDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1910, to September 30, 1916. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

 GAGE. Chain gage on left bank about 1,000 feet below junction of East and West 

branches; read by A. S. Baker.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 1J miles below gage, or by 

wading near the cable or a short distance above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stone and gravel; occasionally shifting. Channel divided 

by an island opposite gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.35 feet at 6 p. m., 

May 17 (discharge about 8,570 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 3.54 feet 

at 8 a. m. November 14 (discharge 135 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.2 feet in evening of March 27, 1913 

(discharge about 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 3.0 feet at 7 a. m., 

July 21, 1912 (discharge practically zero).

SPECIAL STUDY. A portable water-stage recorder was installed at this station and a 

continuous gage-height record obtained July 11 to September 30, 1914, which 

showed a continual small fluctuation in stage. It was shown that the determination of monthly mean discharge based on semidaily gage heights is in error as 

follows: July 11-31, 3.5 per cent; August 4.1 per cent; September 0.5 per cent. 

Some of the determinations of daily discharge showed greater errors, but these 

were largely compensating.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed probably during the high water on 

February 26; affected by ice for short periods from December to March. Rating 

curve used before the shift in control fairly well defined between 170 and 5,900 

second-feet. Rating curve used after the shift, fairly well defined between 

175 and 3,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable forks, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 11

Dec. 4

4

1«

166

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

bciaht.

Feet. 

3.75

3.83

3.77

3 OK

3.88

3.91

3.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

273

328

286

317

994

347

306

Date.

Mar. 146

Apr. 28

28

28

May 26

26

Aug. 7

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4fwi

4.92

4.87

4.85

4 Off

4.35

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

405

2.050

2,020

1 940

l'020

1.040

182

Complete ice cover. 6 Incomplete ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1916.

Day.

1....... .......

3..............

4.............:

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14............*..

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

172

179

179

262

254

982

585

484

347

310

374

246

172

254

278

262

230

254

211

374

374

302

262

224

230

238

270

224

224

230

270

Nov.

238

192

238

238

238

224

185

230

185

238

238

198

224

151

211

338

238

204

230

692

550

504

412

319

238

302

286

644

805

940

Dec.

504

412

338

278

238

278

246

224

217

166

179

192

192

204

204

179

204

262

310

356

310

356

294

217

262

740

844

574

604

433

402

Jan.

356

374

384

374

347

338

328

319

347

374

374

384

393

818

384

294

286

286

278

328

294

844

2,380

1.240

996

982

1,860

6,490

2,490

1,580

1,490

Feb.

3,440

1,490

940

716

597

504

453

422

402

374

347

270

192

166

166

328

504

597

433

402

365

328

310

302

310

6,190

2,160

998

929

Mar.

851

825

702

536

446

407

371

311

336

336

455

336

272

242

287

272

250

227

214

214

214

208

177

196

214

302

484

955

1,830

2,380

2,270

Apr.

2,840

3,950

1,940

1,260

1,100

970

955

851

825

702

825

1,230

1,210

1,200

1,160

1,260

2,050

2,270

1,440

1,350

1,200

1,350

4,210

4,750

3,440

3,190

2,600

2,050

2,380

2,270

May.

2,490

3,070

2,160

3,690

2,380

1,940

1,830

1,730

1,620

1,350

1,350

1,230

1,180

788

890

1,350

5,600

5,030

2,950

1,620

1,150

1,230

1,620

1,440

1,260

1,010

851

776

751

955

1,620

June.

1,070

825

955

1,350

1,100

1,130

727

764

984

691

1,730

1,230

955

903

800

739

1,440

1,620

1,260

1,130

929*

691

955

567

526

505

465

2,490

1,130

702

July.

515

446

417

1,030

1,730

1,070

1,070

567

484

426

465

851

1,030

825

825

436

634

679

567

505

388

354

1,030

751

955

890

505

426

388

302

272

Aug.

272

257

257

242

242

242

214

208

319

336

272

250

242

227

214

196

202

189

214

189

177

164

157

177

196

170

137

157

183

153

177

Sept.

157

148

221

202

208

202

202

189

196

189

196

189

189

189

280

851

354

257

234

214

189

202

465

567

371

302

242

202

196

727

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 30 to'Jan. 19 and Feb. 3 to Mar. 28 estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge ofAusdble River at Ausdble Forks, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

[Drainage area, 444 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

September ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

982 

940 

844 

6,490 

6,190 

2,380 

4,750 

5,600 

2,490 

1,730 

336 

851

6,490

Minim nm.

172 

151 

166 

278 

166 

177 

702 

731 

465 

272 

137 

148

137

Mean.

299 

331 

326 

904 

849 

'552 

1,890 

1,830 

1,010 

672 

214 

278

762

Per 

square 

mile.

0-673 

.745 

.734 

.2.04 

1.91 

1.24 

4.26 

4.12 

2.28 

1.51 

.482 

.626

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78

.83 

.85 

2.35 

2.06 

1.43 

4.75 

4.75 

2.54 

1.74 

.56 

.70

23.34
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

WEST BRANCH OF ATTSABLE RIVER NEAR WEWMAN, S. T.

LOCATION. On farm of James Dudley, about 4 miles northeast of Newman, Essex 

County, and about 4 miles below confluence at Lake Placid.

DRAINAGE AREA. 116 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

KECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7 to September 30,1916. Data published also in annual 

reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

GAGE. Staff in two sections, on right bank near residence of the gage reader, Mr. 

Dudley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT. Made by wading or from a cable, about 300 feet above

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock. 

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

[Made by A. H. Davison.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.33

2.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

217

61.0

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

6...............

T. ..............

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

June.

3.33

3.22

3.2

3.22

3.15

3.48

3.42

3.38

3.32

July.

3.02

3.02

3.1

3.72

4.12

3.8

3.28

3.15

3.05

3.12

3.48

3. 43

3.32

3.78

3.28

Aug.

2.72

2.7

9 7

2.6

2.65

2.52

2.55

2.68

3.02

9 QH

2 7

2.72

2.58

2.65

2.6

Sept.

9 W

2.7

2.6

2 ft

2.55

O KO

2.52

9 H9

2.6

O RO

9 ^

9 t\9

2.4

9 f\

3.1

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

91

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

30...............

31...............

June.

3.3

Q Q

3.78

3 EC

O CO

q AO

3.32

3.18

3.1

3.05

a i

3 ft

3.58

o 09

3.32

July.

3.05

o 70

3 7

3 Q

O 14

O QE

9 Q

3.58

3.78

3.55

3

O

3.35

3.15

2 98

2.88

2.88

Aug.

2.62

o .4.9

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.48

2.42

9 d.f\

2.55

O ft

9 A

9 J.9

2.48

2.45

2.4

2.45

Sept.

3.28.

O Q

2.8

2 7

O CO

2 7

2.62 3.oa

3.2

9 Q

2.78

2.85

2.52

9 7H

3.65
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 105

LAKE GEORGE AT ROGERS ROCK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At a boathouse in a small bay on the north side of the steamboat landing

at Rogers Rock, Essex County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 10, 1913, to September 30, 1916. 

GAGE. Vertical staff fastened to a pile in the back end of the boathouse. Datum

3.15 feet J below crest of dam at outlet of lake. Gage read once daily by George O.

Cook.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.8 feet May 30; minimum stage recorded, 1.4 feet December 11 and 12.

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 4.98 feet May 2, 1914; minimum stage

recorded, 1.38 feet December 8,1914. 

REGULATION. Elevation of lake surface is regulated by the operation of gates and

wheels at the dam at outlet at Ticonderoga. 

COOPERATION. Gage height record July 1 to September 30 furnished by International

Paper Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y., with direction and force 

of wind, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

[L, light; H, heavy; M, moderate.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9........................... 10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13 ...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

October.

Gage 

height.

2.28 

2.26 

2.25 

2.28 

2.2

2.2 

2.25 

2.2 

2.2 

2.15

2.22 

2.2 

2.18 

2.15 

2.0

2.15 

2.18 

2.1 

2.1

2.08

2.02 

2.1 

2.0 

2.0 

2.02

2.05 

2.0 

2.0 

1.98 

1.95 

1.92

Wind.

Direction.

N. 

N. 

N. 

8. 

W.

N. 

8. 

S. 

SW.

N.

8. 

S. 

S. 

8.

N.

Calm. 

S. 

S. 

S. 

S.

S. 

SW.

N. 

N. 

Calm.

8. 

8. 

8. 

S.

N. 

N.

Force.

L. 

L. 

L. 

M. 

L.

M. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

M.

H. 

M.

M. 

M. 

H.

M. 

M. 

M. 

L.

H. 

M. 

H. 

M.

H. 

M. 

L

M. 

M. 

L.

November.

Gage 

height.

1.92 

2.00

1.88 

1.85

1.78

1.7 

1.7 

1.78 

1.8 

1.8

1.68 

1.68 

1.7 

1.65 

1.75

1.7

1.68 

1.58 

1.65 

1.75

1.7 

1.6 

1.62 

1.6

1.58

1.55 

1.58 

1.55 

1.6 

1.65

Wind.

Direction.

S. 

SW.

s. 

s.

N.

N. 

NE. 

S. 

SW.

w.

8E. 

S. 

S. 

8. 

S.

W. 

N. 

Calm. 

SE. 

S.

8. 

N. 

S. 

Calm. 

S.

S. 

S. 

Calm. 

S. 

8.

Force.

M. 

H.

M. 

H. 

M.

H. 

H. 

L. 

M. 

M.

M. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H.

H.

L.

H. 

H.

L. 

L. 

M.

M.

M.

M.

M. 

M.

December.

Gage 

height.

1.55 

1.52 

1.5 

1.5

1.48

1.45 

1.45 

1.48 

1.5 

1.42

1.4 

1.4 

1.42

1.45 

1.48

1.48 

1.45 

1.48 

1.52 

1.5

1.45 

1.5 

1.5 

1.52 

 1.55

1.5

1.78 

1.75 

1.72 

1.75 

1.82

Wind.

Direction.

SW. 

Calm.

N. 

N.

N.

N. 

N. 

S. 

SW.

N.

N. 

Calm. 

Calm. 

SW. 

SW.

8. 

S. 

S. 

W.

sw.

N.

s. 

s. 

s. 

s.

N. 

S.

s.

N. 

N. 

Calm.

Force.

M.

L. 

L.

M.

M. 

L.

£

M. 

M.

H. 

H.

M. 

L. 

L. 

M. 

M.

M. 

H. 

M. 

M. 

L.

H. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

M.

i Determination obtained by leveling; supersedes that previously published, which was based on a comparison of gage heights.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y., with direction and force 

of wind, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916 Continued.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6..........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23..........................

24...........................

25...........................

26..........................

27...........................

28..........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

1...........................

2..........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6..........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

January.

Ga?e 

height.

1.78 

1.88 

1.85 

1.9 

1.95

1.9 

1.88 

1.85 

1.9 

1.92

1.95 

1.92 

1.9 

1.85 

1.90

1.92 

1.95 

1.9 

1.9

1.88

1.85 

1.88 

1.9 

1.85 

1.8

1.82 

1.8 

1.85 

2.08 

2.12 

2.15

Wind.

Direction.

N. 

S.

sw.

S. 

S.

sw.

N. 

N. 

Calm. 

S.

S. 

Calm. 

S. 

N. 

Calm.

S. 

S. 

SW. 

S. 

S.

SW. 

S. 

SW. 

S. 

S.

S. 

N. 

SW.

N. 

S. 

S.

Force.

H. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

M.

H. 

M. 

M.

H. 

H.

H. 

H.

M. 

H. 

H. 

M. 

H.

M. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

L.

L. 

L. 

H. 

M. 

M. 

L.

April.

2.75 

2.9 

2.95 

3.0 

3.05

3.08 

3.1 

3.1 

3.12 

3.18

3.2 

3.2 

3.22 

3.2 

3.25

3.3 

3.32 

3.42 

3.4 

3.3

3.32 

3.35 

3.4

3.48 

3.5

3.5

3.48 

3.5 

3.48 

3.48

S. 

S.

N. 

S. 

S.

sw. 

y

N. 

SW.

S. 

S. 

S.

N. 

N.

S. 

S. 

S. 

N. 

Calm.

Calm. 

E

N. 

N. 

Calm.

S. 

Calm. 

S. 

W. 

Calm.

H. 

M. 

M.

L. 

M.

M. 

M. 

M. 

H. 

L.

H. 

L. 

M. 

M. 

M.

M. 

M. 

H. 

H.

M.

£

L.

L. 

L.

February.

Gage 

height.

2.12 

2.1 

2.15 

2.2

2.18

2.2 

2.28 

2.2 

2.22 

2.2

2.15 

2.12 

2.2 

2.18 

2.2

2.2 

2.2 

2.15

2.18 

2.20

2.18 

2.12 

2.15 

2.12 

2.2

2.4

2.45 

2.5 

2.45

Wind.

Direction.

S.

N. 

N. 

S. 

S.

S.

sw.

Calm. 

SW. 

SW.

N. 

NE 

N. 

N. 

S.

SW. 

S.

sw.

S.

N.

N. 

S. 

N. 

SW. 

S.

sw. 

sw.

W.

NW.

Force.

M.

M. 

L. 

H. 

M.

L. 

H.

L. 

M. 

L. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

L.

M.

L. 

M. 

M. 

H.

M.

M. 

H. 

L. 

M.

H. 

M. 

H. 

M.

May.

3.5 

3.55 

3.48 

3.45 

3.42

3.42 

3.45 

3.48 

3.4 

3.45

3.52 

3.4 

3.35 

3.38 

3.35

3.4 

3.5 

3.7 

3.7 

3.65

3.62 

3.7 

3.72 

3.75 

3.7

3.68 

3.7 

3.72 

3.75 

3.8 

3.7

S. 

S. 

N. 

S. 

S. 

Calm. 

S. 

S. 

NW. 

SW.

sw.

W. 

S. 

S. 

Calm.

Calm. 

SW.

S. 

S.

NW.

N.

a 

s. 

s.

N.

N. 

Calm.

S. 

S. 

S.

N.

L. 

M. 

M. 

M.

M.

M. 

H. 

H. 

H.

H. H.' 

M. 

M.

M.

H. 

L. 

M.

M. 

H. 

H. 

L. 

M.

H.

H.

H'. 

H.

March.

Gage 

height.

2.45

2.42 

2.45 

2.42 

2.45

2.48 

2.48 

2.5 

2.58 

2.55

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.52

2.45

2.5

2.48 

2.48 

2.45 

2.42

2.42 

2.4 

2.42

2.42 

2.38

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.42 

2.48 

2.62

Wind.

Direction.

N. 

SW. 

N. 

Calm. 

W.

SW.

SW. 

NW. 

SW.

sw.

sw.

s.

N. 

W.

N.

N. 

NW. 

NW. 

N. 

NW.

W.

N. 

N. 

NW. 

N.

N. 

S. 

S.

N. 

N. 

S.

Force.

M. 

M. 

M.

M.

M. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

M.

L. 

M. 

L. 

H. 

H.

H. 

H. 

L. 

L. 

M.

L. 

H. 

L. 

L. 

L.

L.

L. 

L. 

L. 

M. 

M.

June.

3.68 

3.72 

3.75 

3.75 

3.78

3,68 

3.7 

3.65 

3.62 

3.65

3.7 

3.68 

3.68 

3.65 

3.7

3.62 

3.65 

3.65 

3.62 

3.68

3.65 

3.6 

3.58 

3.6 

3.55

3.58 

S.iZ 

3.5

3.58 

3.52

N. 

S. 

S. 

S.

s.

N. 

Calm. 

S. 

S. 

S.

S. 

N. 

S. 

S.

s.

Calm. 

Calm. 

S. 

S. 

SW.

s.

NW. 

N. 

S. 

S.

s. 

s.

N. 

S.

N.

L. 

M. 

M. 

M. 

M.

H.

L.

V.

L.

M. 

M. 

L. 

M. 

H.

H. 

L. 

H.

L. 

H. 

L.

t

H. 

M. 

M. 

M.

M.

o Changeable.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 107

Daily gage height, 'in feet, of Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. F., with direction and 

force of wind, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916 Continued.

Day.

l. .......................'...

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8. ..........................

9...........................

10...........................

11. ..........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

July.

Gage

3.5

3.48

3.5 

3.48 

3.5

3.5 

3.52

3.48 

3.42

3.5

3.48

3.48

3.45 

3.45

3.5

3.48 

3.4 

3.42 

3.4

3.38

3.35 

3.4 

3.35

3.32 

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.22

3.25

S 97

3.15

Wind.

Direction. Force.

August.

Gage 

height.

3.1

0 t

3.08

3.02

3

[\K

2.98 

3.0

2.95 

2.9 

2.9

2.9 

2.88 

2.82 

2.8

2.82

2.72 

2.7 

2.7 

2.68 

2.65

2.62 

2.6 

2.6 

2.62 

2.55

2.58 

2.55 

2.55 

2.58 

2.5 

2.48

Wind.

Direction. Force.

September.

a

2.45 

2.4 

2.4 

2.35 

2.3

2.35 

2.35 

2.3 

2.2 

2.1

2.3 

2.22 

2.2 

2.18 

2.2

2.2

2.22 

2.25 

2.18 

2.15

2.18 

2.15 

2.1 

2.08 

2.05

2.02 

2.08 

2.02 

2.02 

2.0

Wind.

Direction. Force.

LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT.

LOCATION. On south side of roadway leading to dock of Champlain Transportation 

Co., at foot of King Street, Burlington.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 1,1907, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Staff. Comparisons of gage readings indicate that zero of gage at Burlington 

is at practically the same elevation as that of gage at Fort Montgomery 92.50 

feet above mean sea level. Gage read by employee of the Champlain Transportation Co.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.75 feet April 27; 

minimum stage recorded, 0.65 foot November 10 to 13.

1907-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 8.20 feet on April 7,1913; minimum 

stage recorded, 0.25 foot on December 4,1908.

ICE. Wider portions of lake not usually frozen over until the last part of January. 

Occasionally closure does not occur until February and in some years it lasts only 

for a few days. The northern end of the lake, above the outlet, is usually covered 

with ice from the middle of December to the middle of April.

ACCURACY. Gage read to hundredths once a day except on Sundays; readings during 

winter irregular. Gage readings made when the lake is rough subject to inaccuracies due to wave action.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A, 

Loornis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake CMmplain at Burlington, Vt.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2.............. 

3..............

4.............. 

5..............

6.............. 

7.............. 

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.............. 

12..............

13.............. 

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

17..............

18.............. 

19..............

20.............. 

21..............

22. .............

23.............. 

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.............. 

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

0.78

.75

.73

.80

.90 

.90

.88

.88

.85 

.85

.82 

.80

.78

.78

.75 

.75

.80 

.80

.78

.77 

""."73" 

.71

.71 

.70 

.69

.69

Nov.

0.68

.68 

.68

.67 

.67

.67 ""."ee"

.66

.65

.65 

.65

.65

.67

.67 

.67

.68 

.68

.69

.71

.73

.78 

.78

.78

.78 ""."si"

.81

Dec.

0.83

.83

.87

.90

.94 

.94 

.96

.97

.97 

1.02

1.08 

1.11

1.12

1.15 

1.15

1.18

1.20 

1.20

1.22

1.22 

1.25

1.28 

1.30 

1.30

1.45 

1.60

Jan.

"i"62"

1.68 

1.71

1.85

.......

" '2."66'

.......

"2." 6s"

2.10 

2.20

2.30

2.45 

2.60

"2." 95

Feb.

3.08

3.30

.......

"Oo"

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

Mar.

3.30

.......

.......

"3." is"

3.05

2.93

" "i'so"

2.60 

2.65

3.05 

3.48

Apr.

3.85

"4." 62"

4.80 

4.90

5.00 

5.03 

5.10

5.15

5.15

5.18

5.19 

5.22

5.32

"5." 3§"

5.40

5.44 

5.45

5.45 "s'eo"

5.65 

5.68

5.75 

5.72 

5.68

May.

5.60

5.52 

5.48

5.42 

5.38

5.33 

"5." 26"

5.09

4.98

4.93

4.87

4.80

4.60

4.50 

4.55

4.70 

4.88

4.90

4.83

4.80 

4.80 

4.74

4.68

4.62 

" "i" 42"

4.40 

4.48

June.

4.55

4.55 

4.52

"4.'43"

4.37 

4.30 

4.23

4.20

4.15

"4." 6s'

4.08 

4.03

3.96

3.94 

3.91

"3." 87"

3.85 

3.85

3.84

3.83 

3.83

3.80

3.79 

3.77 

3.76

3.75

July.

3.75

"3." 75"

3.69 

3.67

3.62 

3.58 

3.55

3.47

3.43 

3.35

3.27 

3.18

3.13

"3." 64"

2.98 

2.94

2.90

2.87

2.85

"2." 76" 

2.73

2.71

2.68 

2.63 

2.55

"2." 43"

Aug.

2.40

2.35 

2.31

2.25 

2.17

"2."i4" 

2.13

2.12

2.10

2.10 

2.08

" "2." 6§"

2.00

1.96 

1.96

1.93

1.87

1.82

1.80

1.83 

1.82 

1.81

.80

.75 

.70 

.65

.60 

.55

Sept.

1.53

1.50 

1.47

1.44 

1.41

1.38 

1.35 

1.31

1.28

1.25

1.23 

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20

1.23 

1.18

1.10 

1.13 

1.18

1.20

NOTE. Thickness of ice 100 feet from dock: Feb. 14, 4.5 inches; Feb. 21, 7 inches; Feb. 24, 10 inches; 

Feb. 28,11 inches; Mar. 6,13.5 inches; Mar. 13, 15 inches; Mar. 20,16 inches; Mar. 27,12inches.

OTTER CREEK AT MIDBLEBURY, VT.

LOCATION. At the. railroad bridge about half a mile south of the railroad station at 

Middlebury, 3J miles below mouth of Middlebury River, and 3J miles above 

mouth of New Haven River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1903, to May 1, 1907, and October 5, 1910, to September 30,1916 (published also in Water Supply Paper 424).

GAGE. Chain; read by William Jackson and Alexander Hamilton.

DISCHARGE MEASTTREMENTS. Made from a boat just below railroad bridge, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; current sluggish for several miles above 

the station. Control for low stages is gravel and bowlder rips about 500 feet below 

gage, probably somewhat shifting; control at high stages is at dam 800 feet below 

station.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.55 feet at 8.30 a. m. 

April 5 (discharge computed from extension of rating curve, about 4,850 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded during year, 11.80 feet at 7.50 a.m. October 11 

(discharge, 217 second-feet).

1903-1907 and 1910-1916: Maximum stage, 21.07 feet March 30, 1913 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, about 8,000 second-feet); 

minimum open-water stage recorded, 11.45 feet September 15, 1913 (discharge, 

138 second-feet). A somewhat lower discharge has probably occurred at various 

times when the stage-discharge relation has been affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 109

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and occasionally at the control, affecting the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Probably little if any effect from power developments above the 

station. Very little storage in the basin.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent, probably affected by shifts in 

stream bed. Rating curve for 1916 well defined between 2,000 and 4,000 secondfeet; not well denned for low stages. Chain gage read to quarter-tenths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to daily-gage heights. 

Results good, except for low stages.

COOPERATION. Data for 1910 to 1915 furnished by H. K. Barrows, consulting engineer, Boston, Mass.

Discharged measurements of Otter Creek at Middkbury, Vt., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Aug. 3

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.27

12.03

Discharge.

Sce.-ft. 

390

299

Date. Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

332

NOTE. Several discharge measurements obtained subsequent to Sept. 30,1916, used in determining 

the rating curve.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

30, 1903-1907 and 1911-1916.

Day.

1903.

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14. .

15. .

Apr.

3,960

3,840

3,720

3,600

3,480

3,370

3,320

3,200

3,100

2,980

2,760

2,540

2,270

1,850

1,460

May.

566

555

555

491

475

475

460

450

426

426

360

382

382

360

360

June.

159

242

248

248

242

217

242

159

202

255

382

441

1,130

1,600

1,320

July.

450

599

566

475

360

320

360

340

320

320

290

290

183

217

276

Aug.

360

360

242

313

360

360

352

360

360

255

328

582

824

622

475

Sept.

360

403

369

360

360

403

302

320

320

320

320

290

283

202

232

Day.

1903.

16. ..

17. ..

18. .

19. .

20. .

21. .

22. .

23. .

24. .

25. .

26. .

27. .

28. .

29. .

30. .

31

Apr.

1,370

1,390

1,320

1,210

1,070

992

866

845

740

726

670

610

640

610

582

May.

360

360

320

360

360

320

320

320

328

168

242

265

276

265

248

248

June.

866

705

599

501

475

501

775

1,240

880

640

566

726

622

475

441

July.

290

290

276

302

202

328

450

1,500

1,210

775

566

528

528

412

412

382

Aug.

403

302

352

340

403

501

610

528

369

360

412

475

544

441

412

oon O£\J

Sept.

283

302

320

320

360

283

313

320

313

283

265

232

175

217

276
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

30, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916 Continued.

Day.

1903-4. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6........ ......

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1904-5. 

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

283

283

283

320

290

340

501

491

658

1,020

1,110

845

658

491

450

394

360

460

670

940

726

599

512

610

610

528

501

501

450

450

426

2,160

2,050

1,460

1,190

992

810

740

670

670

610

740

1,110

1,110

1.030

955

845

740

670

610

610

705

2,490

2,490

2,320

1,900

1,460

1,500

1,750

1,460

1,190

955

Nov.

403

360

394

369

360

475

544

412

450

412

403

403

382

ArtO

290

705

866

705

475

4ft3

369

412

450

328

283

320

394

880

810

705

670

640

610

582

555

501

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

360

426

450

775

775

610

610

528

381

340

403

Dec.

290

320

320

302

302

320

223

302

283

450

450

>mq

360

248

320

Jan. Feb. Mar.

3

cnfl

4,250

4,700

Apr.

3,960

3,480

3,150

2,600

1,950

1,550-

1,645

2,050

2,380

2,710

2,710

2,820

2,820

2,710

2,380

1,800

1,420

1,370

1,460

1,500

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,460

1,700

2,050

2,050

2,320

2,760

3,040

4,910

5,270

5,630

5,570

5,150

4,670

4,430

4,070

3,830

3,560

3,220

3,110

3,060

3,060

2,840

1,980

1,480

1,210

1,250

2,130

1,980

1,680

1,430

1 300

1 oria

1,300

May.

3,040

3,150

3,150

3,040

2,820

2,380

1,900

1,370

1,030

955

1,030

1,110

992

880

810

880

1,750

1,900

1,650

1,950

2,160

2,160

1,850

1,370

1,070

1,030

1,070

918

740

610

582

1,300

1,210

1,120

1,120

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,160

1,070

1,120

1,070

902

775

817

775

987

1,070

945

860

860

860

695

P»4ft

470

470

578

505

470

400

June.

582

555

501

475

475

450

955

705

1,030

845

705

582

450

450

403

403

403

360

320

232

320

360

360

340

320

320

265

320

320

320

400

335

367

470

4nn

615

1,030

1,070

1,070

860

695

695

817

902

695

540

1,030

1,780

1.480

2,180

2

Q4rt

1,880

1,630

2,400

2,400

2,080

1,630

July.

555

610

880

705

475

501

450

403

360

340

248

205

426

426

403

360

320

248

320

320

283

283

248

283

217

232

320

450

403

450

501

1,300

1,880

2,620

2,510

2,080

1,530

1,210

1,030

860

695

615

540

470

695

615

470

335

470

540

540

470

400

400

4AA

540

435

655

2,510

Aug.

381

403

450

501

426

360

360

283

320

301

340

381

381

301

320

360

34.0

301

301

501

670

74fl

670

582

475

403

403

248

283

320

2,730

2,670

2,400

1,830

1 300

902

695

695

860

775

615

615

695

695

695

945

I,fi30

1,430

817

615

540

505

470

470

Af)f\

QAC

400

400

655

Sept.

283

301

301

450

320

360

381

360

340

320

320

248

248

283

501

1,240

1 '918 190

775

670

810

705

610

501

810

1,070

1,280

1,150

1,030

2,050

735

655

1,160

2,130

2,340

2,290

2,290

1,880

1,390

987

817

860

987

1,030

775

7<K

1,210

2,730

2,890

2,840

2,510

1,530

1 300

902

860
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916 Continued.

Day.

1905-6. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1906-7. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

775

695

655

655

615

615

540

470

400

400

400

470

775

860

735

655

578

540

540

578

695

775

695

655

615

540

540

470

470

400

470

335

775

400

400

335

305

275

220

275

335

335

435

470

615

275

400

400

368

305

248

945

945

818

540

540

695

860

735

615

615

615

Nov.

470

470

470

470

615

735

1,030

1.210

1,030

860

775

695

615

615

615

540

578

540

>un

400

400

400

400

400

400

470

505

>un

540

1,430

615

615

540

540

435

470

470

435

400

400

400

400

615

615

578

540

470

505

1,480

2,180

2,080

1,730

1,480

1 210

1,075

860

1,160

1,390 i sa/i

1,030

Dee.

1,580

735

1.300

2,130

1,980

1,880

1,780

1,630

1,480

1,210

1,210

1.030

860

Jan. Feb. Mar.

3,280

3 440

3^610

3.660

Apr.

3,610

3,500

3,120

2,680

2,340

2,510

2,400

2,080

1,780

1,580

1,580

1,780

1,830

2,130

3,280

3,500

3,500

3,720

4,010

4,430

4,550

4,610

4,490

4,370

4,250

3,950

3,660

3,280

2,840

2,400

3,610

3,610

3,610

3,500

3,220

2,780

2,290

1,680

1,300

1,120

1,030

1,120

1 480

1,730

1,730

1*780

1,680

1,630

1,440

1 34O

1,210

1,030

1,030

2,290

2,840

3,390

3,950

3,830

3

0 en

4,250

May.

1,880

1,630

1,880

2,340

2,400

2,290

1,980

1,680

1,390

2,030

2,290

2,240

2,180

2,400

2,460

2,180

1,930

1,680

1,480

1,160

1,030

902

775

775

817

1,030

1,390

2,510

2,840

3,280

June.

3,440

3,500

3,560

3,280

2,840

2,130

1,780

1,980

2,400

2,400

2,340

2,080

1,580

1.120

902

860

945

1,580 i z&n

1,210

945

860

818

1,120

1,390

1,300

1,030

818

695

860

July.

1,830

2,080

1,680

1,300

1,480

1,300

1,030

818

695

775

945

818

695

615 >uin

470

470

505

470

470

470

470

860

860

695

540

470

470

695

1,300

1,480

Aug.

1,120

775

615

540

655

860

1,080

945

735

578

540

615

540

540

470

470

470

470

368

220

540 fun

505

540

540

615

987

2,620

1 480

1^120

77"i

Sept.

615

505

435

695

615

540

470

470

470

275

368

Af\f\

400

470

470

400

99f>

305

400

400

335

335

400

335

400

435

400

335

335

400
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.Jor the years ending Sept.

80, 1903-1907 and 1910-1916 Continued.

Day.

1910-11. 

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............'

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.. ............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.. ............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

sn

31..............

1911-12. 

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

a....... .......

Oct.

430'

406

393

393

393

393

393

393

384

370

370

335

255

311

345

345

320

311

335

370

430

465

465

480

465

455

440

415

415

415

465

465

465

515

565

540

505

465

430

515

540

565

620

675

842

2.060

2,160

2.150

2,150

2 150

1 980

1,640

1,330

1,220

1,150

920

790

702

Nov.

465

415

565

790

1,040

1,240

1,080

778

702

620

620

620

565

515

565

555

515

465

455

415

415

465

415

384

393

455

415

415

415

415

637

692

748

664

609

582

637

822

842

742

637

626

1,050

939

842

748

675

719

1,520

1,520

1,280

1,080

875

790

822

875

778

790

1,180

1,560

Dec.

415

415

393

370

370

370

370

370

320

317

270

205

240

290

290

290

365

365

365

365

365

290

290

1,120

1,060

990

930

860

790

990

1,060

1,340

1,100

952

760

697

425

648

680

648

703

784

868

1,820

1,800

1,480

1,250

1,470

1,580

1,370

1,040

742

790

2,040

2,360

2,320

2,170

1,970

1,630

1,130

1,040

920

Jan.

1,140

1,230

2,360

2,190

2,110

2,110

2,020

1,930

1,920

1,720

1,140

1,030

1,060

1,030

990

960

700

600

370

450

450

450

450

440

370

340

1,270

1,910

1,680

1,460

1,320

760

855

778

609

581

770

770

560

505

505

560

560

560

560

470

430

480

430

455

535

800

800

740

675

620

560

535

535

480

535

590

Feb.

830

585

475

475

530

585

585

530

475

425

375

375

370

395

420

420

395

370

370

470

525

470

470

420

395

370

695

1,200

460

510

460

560

440

490

460

435

480

590

670

400

670

590

480

540

485

485

385

485

560

600

710

710

710

620

680

660

620

Mar.

1,090

1,020

860

600

440

390

390

390

365

350

355

340

320

630

1,040

1,110

1,180

880

630

545

600

685

750

750

780

910

1,730

2,240

2,240

2,160

2,130

620

590

610

390

650

620

390

390

430

560

470

530

530

620

820

1,400

2,610

2,570

2,650

2,650

2,610

2,520

2,610

2,970

2,970

2,880

2,430

2,500

2,650

2,750

Apr.

1,980

1,890

1,800

1,720

1,890

2,060

2,320

2,980

3,160

3,080

3,030

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,900

2,850

2,^60

2,670

2,500

2,230

2,020

1,850

1,720

1,800

1,890

1,980

2,060

2,100

3,620

3,620

3,520

3,440

3,390

3,440

3,570

4,010

3,960

4,640

4,950

4,780

4,370

4,010

3,700

3,620

3,480

3,390

3,390

3,480

3,520

3,520

3,620

3,570

3,390

3,300

3 91ft

3,080

2,830

2,580

May.

2,190

2,210

2,180

2,190

2,070

1,750

1,250

1,020

907

778

730

730

675

592

565

540

445

490

465

440

440

465

465

465

465

465

440

440

397

425

455

2,320

2,100

1,600

1,290

1,070

952

1,050

1,050

985 i,02a

1,050

1,260

873

1,180

1,150

1,020

1,400

1,930

2,000

1,850

1,980

2,280

2,320

2,280

2,170

1,890

1,520

1,150

952

1,970

2,360

June.

465

490

440

393

335

393

375

384

355

388

360

227

370

375

430

465

440

415

393

370

375

370

360

350

345

360

379

402

406

406

2,760

2,760

2,820

2,870

2,900

2,800

2,650

2,410

1,980

1,440

1,080

887

790

730

675

620

565

565

530

490

465

490

490

620

415

392

QQO

392

S7fl

320

July.

370

370

393

335

289

289

345

490

360

267

345

345

320

255

195

195

110

110

146

175

183

195

219

231

267

275

335

345

370

370

370

195

320

320

320

215

275

297

175

275

345

297

297 971?

9Q7

255

415 341?

345

9Q7

34S

320 S7fl

540

440

SQ9

370

345

345

195

9O7

345

Aug.

370

370

320

320

320

320

243

263

271

289

243

255

247

207

219

280

267

271

384

465

284

302

320

505

465

505

430

465

1,120

1,170

1,080

320

320

320

345

255

392

370

345

320

320

345

255

SQ9

392

415

370

37fl

370

255

392

760

V7(\

392

345

415

297

Q7fl

565

dRZ

A-tJi

415

Sept.

972

«75

675

609

565

550

535

525

475

440

440

430

415

415

415

440

415

393

415

440

465

440

440

402

384

440

440

415

415

415

392

345

515

540

490

465

490

675

505

465

44ft

465

465

440

440

620

1,080

1,050 T^ft

73ft

1,330

1

OQA

QS9

TOO

647

565

540 don

565

515
STREAMS TEIBTJTAEY TO ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE. 113

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

30,1903-1907 and 1910-1916 Continued.

Day.

1912-13. 

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6... ............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.. ............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1913-14. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 20.............:

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

702

760

675

565

515

490

415

465

440

440

465

490

702

592

540

490

465

465

440

392

345

440

415

1,600

2,460

2,410

2,580

2,630

2,720

2.720

2,580

275

275

370

415

320

370

370

345

345

297

320

345

155

620

4on

415

392

370

370

255

565

7fift

730

AQft

647

9.20

1 4flft

1,400 i ion

920

702

Nov.

2,280

1,930

1,720

1,330

1,050

887

920

2,020

2,190

2,230

2,230

2,060

1,760

1,440

1,520

1,470

1,280

1,120

1,020

952

920

920

887

842

790

1,020

QS5

QOA

760

730

636

569

465

505

465

440

415

OQ9

41 "5

465

1 190

l!l20

855

647

620

5Q9

K-IK

"SI'5

480

A£{Z

565

620

540

480

465

455

465

470

470

470

Dec.

702

675

1,350

1 930

2,020

1,890

1,720

1,560

1.260

1,020

887

760

760

920

760

1,020

702 *nn

1,180

1,150

760

760 73ft

730

fl47

565

565

540

5Q9

1,050

37ft

465

440

505

515

530

~CQ9 540

952

7fl9

702

007

7ft9

730

(V75

-790

fl47

675

QOA

565

530

515

540

415

465

440

465

550

380

4.3ft

420

Jan.

1,680

1.560

1,440

1.890

1,960

1,640

1,590

1,890

1,800

1,980

2,140

1,680

2,320

2,630

2,540

1,760

1,600

2,280

2,630

2,670

2 OAT)

2,800

2,800

2,850

2,760

2 7fift

9 5nn

9 93ft

2,060

1,210

1,330

460

380

q7fi

QAA

Q7ft

Q7ft

Q7ft

qcA

Q7ft

400

AQA

Qfift

 JQA

410

350

320

qqri

34Q

9Sft

qort

OQA

420

4Sft

380

410

600

640

920

1,180

Feb.

1,330

1,890

1,640

1,560

1,180

1,150

1,210

1,120

1,000

920

887

790

790

592

555

581

540

592

565

4«e

515

620

1,430

1 760

1^400

920

675

565

1,220

1,150

1,090

920

fiift

Kin

790

680

600

700

540

<\Sf\

430

Q7ft

410

320

460

4fin

480

510

*;?A

710

630

800

74n

540

520

480

..«...»

Mar.

555

540

647

620

565

540

592

530

465

592

1,850

1,930

1,930

1,980

1,560

2,900

2,900

2,940

2 arm

2,670

2,540

2,900

2,620

2,580

2,620

3,480

4,100

5,640

7,500

8,DOO

7,300

47"5

400

1,470

2

ACA

1,930

1,710

1,470 i ion

980

SOS

765

710

650

670

w;

1,890

I

Qon

1,670

1,420

1,170

oon

jun

T&f\

QAA

1,970

2,410

2,410

2,520

3,120

Apr.

6,700

5,850

5,400

4,950

4,460

4,050

3,620

3,300

3,030

2,720

2,410

2,140

1,980

1,760

1,680

1,560

1,370

1,220

i ton

1,250

1,150

1,050

1,020

1 10ft

1,150

1,070

1,050

OR O

887

1,120

4,420

4,680

4,500

4,280

4 190

3 C7ft

S Afirt

3

00f|

3 Aftn

3 7Qft

S

oon

3

7CA

3

AAA

3,570

3

AA(\

3 110

3 7ftft

4 140

A QOA

5,220

5

KAf\

S d^in

4

/trtri

4 140

3

'oori

3 7on

May.

1,050

1,260

920

822

730

691

637

620

592

565

540

515

540

515

515

515

540

565

565

582

540

490 Ton

1,800

2,060

2,020

1,850

1,400

2,140

2 QQO

2,360

3,660

3,570

3,610

3

c7n

3,480

3,280'

S lfift

3,030

9 SQA

2 7fift

2,500

2 9Qft

1,970

1,870

1 fifift

1,520

1,480

1,050

920

son

760

730

719

AQ1

CQ9

515

465

440

June.

2,280

1,980

1,640

1,260

1,080

855

730

675

675

650

555

505

490

450

392

430

530

470

420

QQ9

383

334

9S4

374

365

335

345

OKf|

316

91 Q

Q7ft

430

415

440

647

790

675

490

465

o7n

3Q9

q7n

QQ9

345

ooe

Q7fl

384

345

384

O7 K

345

345

275

QOA

907

91*;

91*;

oof?

July.

345

303

293

297

251

275

267

330

335

355

397

350

379

288

370

335

320

302

297

297

215

345

355

275

284

302

OQq

195

311

374

355

vrn

345

320

q7fl

QOA

9Q7

QQ9

Q7A

455

415

415

465

37ft

37ft

QOA

345

qti

515 AI*;

9O7

QOA

qoA

Q11

QOA

QOA

9Q7

oec

275

9Q7

QOA

275

Aug.

335

311

307

191

284

302

275

280

284

293

191

267

297

255

235

235

267

155

215

275

255

235

235

155

195

215

97"5

275

275

VK

297

OQQ

OKK

195

91*5

Q11

97*5

*>oe

247 071;

195

OA7

97"5

975

255

O*7C

97*;

255

A.1 ft

Q7n

345

Man

702 efjf;

465

qoq

345

QQK

790

1,080

Sept.

167

235

267

255

255

255

255

155

195

235

227

215

235

215

138

175

247

255

1W

247

235

175

AQf\

540

440

Q4K

QOA

Q11

175

9Qfi

«S7

*7A9

540

<5*\S

515

430

370

415

QQO

370

370

345

275 W5

320

3fiA

Q7ft

OQQ

97*;

oca

IQt

9Q7

297

255

QQA

QOA

9Q7

OA7

9Q7

Q7n

89873° WSP 434 17 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 

SO, 1903-1907 and 1911-1916 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1915-16. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

320

320

298

320

195

275

275

275

298

298

284

203

255

298

298

275

275

370

320

415

392

345

360

298

320

255

298

275

298

298

345

217

283

232

283

340

360

340

302

283

217

248

283

248

248

360

670

450

450

403

360

320

301

301

OQO

283

283

283

248

283

Qftft

Nov.

345

235

320

345

311

284

298

370

203

311

370

370

345

345

370

415

730

760

515

415

415

370

284

320

345

345

515

565

440

340

320

301

301

320

501

283

283

283

265

283

283

320

248

381

450

381

340

360

670

640

450

403

320

360

340

360

450

Dec.

415

465

465

465

415

370

275

298

255

320

298

255

275

175

195

255

227

235

235

255

175

170

170

170

170

170

100

170

190 ion

501

jKrt

QQ1

oftn

320

320

320

283

OQO

263

265

OQO

232

248

265

f>QO

320

320

610

QQ{\

ftlfl

670

555

501

475

582

1 790

] 1 O7fl

1 1 970

l'970

1,700

Jan.

220

onft

220

150

200

QAft

440

1,480

1 Ftfft

1,260

822

592

515

490

440

392

370

370

1,480

1,800

1 800

l',800

1 640

1 260

1^180

1,050

920

730 tsfin

480

400

1,610

1,110

Qi«K

955

1,030

QCE

1,520

1.610 i ion

Qlft

705

01 A

ftin

1,190

955

fid(\

555

555

Krti

501

475

AKn

1 440

1 1 790

i 1 7on

1,700

1 970

2

f)A(\

2,240

i 9 °.^fl

Feb.

340

330

320

320

320

QOrt

420

600 "550

450

400

400

4fin

480

580

2,060

2,060

2,140

2,140

2,140

1 980

1 640

1^480

1,400

2,060

2 QOft

2,500

2,670

2

00(1

2 04.11

2,150

1 790

1,440

1,110

1,030

670

670

610

580

580

610

530

<w\

475

475

475

475

i.T\

475

450

450

450

705

2,240

2,420

2,510

Mar.

3,050

3,320

3,410

3,140

2,870

2,510

2,330

1,970

1,520

1,110

880

810

880

610

501

501

475

450

403

382

360

403

501

555

705

810

775

670

555

501

426

2,510

2,330

2,150

1,700

1,440

1,110

810

700

640

610

580

555

530

530

500

500

500

475

475 47>>

475

475

500

530

530

530

670 nztf>

1 1,520

1 9 94ft

i o sir

Apr.

403

403

403

450

403

426

450

555

740

1,030

1,700

2,510

2,420

2,510

2,600

2,690

2,510

2,240

1,880

1,440

1,190

1,030

810

705

670

705

610

555

501

501

2,690

3,140

3,410

4 400

43'850

4,760

4,490

4,130

3,770

3,500

3,230

3,050

2,870

2,690

2,690

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,420

2,330

2,420

2,510

2,51i

2,690

2,690

2,690

2,690

2,510

May.

528

880

810

775

670

555

528

501

528

501

450

403

403

360

360

382

302

382

382

360

340

302

302

265

283

283

382

360

320

302

360

2,420

2,330

2,150

1,970

1,700

1,440

1,190

1,110

1,110

955

810

740

640

582

501

528

775

1,970

2,150

2,150

1,970

1,610

1,190

1,110

1,110

955

705

610

555

610

640

June.

265

265

265

248

232

232

202

217

232

232

217

248

232

188

232

232

283

302

320

320

232

283

302

265

232

248

202

163

217

248

640

528

475

528

740

670

582

528

475

426

475

528

1,030

955

740

582

582

810

955

810

1,110

955

740

610

555

501

501

528

555

555

July.

248

340

610

640

810

670

582

475

1.270

.1,880

1,790

1,270

810

610

501

450

340

320

302

320

340

320

360

382

340

320

320

360

382

426

475

450

403

360

1,790

1,790

1,610

1,270

880

670

670

555

528

450

475

381

360

381

381

340

360

381

1,110

582

475

450

955

955

610

475

Aug.

450

320

283

302

320

. 360

426

403

320

360

360

360

320

283

248

232

265

320

30»

302

248

175

403

403

582

555

501

426

360

283

302

450

426

381

360

360

320

283

320

360

555

555

450

450

320

360

320

320

320

283

301

217

283

283

283

283

283

283

248

283

320

301

Sept.

283

283

265

248

202

188

248

283

302

283

265

202

232

248

232

188

202

202

188

217

265

360

360

302

283

202

248

265

265

301

283

320

248

232

248

265

248

248

283

248

248

265

248

283

360

450

360

340

360

283

265

265

320

265

301

320

301

283

301

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dee. 11,1903, to Mar. 31, 1904; Dec. 7,1904, to Mar. 28, 

1905; Dec. 15.1905, to Mar. 31,1906; Dec. 1, 1906, to Mar. 27,1907; Dec. 10, 1910, to Mar. 31,1911; Jan. 6 to 

Mar. 31,1912; Dec. 28,1913, to Mar. 30,1914; Dec. 22,1914, to Jan. 6,1915; Jan. 23 to Feb. 15,1915; Feb. 12-24, 

and Mar. 8-27,1916. Daily discharge given for these periods for the years 1910 to 1916 determined from gage 

heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Several discharge measurements were made during tfie 

winter of 1911.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 115

Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the years ending Sept. 30,1903-

1907 and 1911-1916.

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

1903.

May...........................................

June ..........................................

July...........................................

1903-4. 

October .......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

September. ...................................

The year. ...............................

1904-5.

November. ....................................

January. ......................................

May.. .........................................

June.. ................ ............

July...........................................

September. ...................................

The year...... ..........................

1905-6. 

October .......................................

December. ....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year. ...............................

1906-7.

1910-11.

July...........................................

September. ...................................

The period & .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,960 

566 

1,600 

1,500 

824 

403

1,110 

866

6,200

3,960 

3,150 

1,030 

880 

740 

2,050

4,200

2,490 

880

4,790

5,630 

1,300 

2,400 

2,620 

2,730 

2,890

5,630

860 

1,430 

2,130 

3,550

4,610 

3,280 

3,560 

2,080 

2,620 

695

4,610

945 

2,180 

815

3,660

4,250

480 

1,240 

1,120 

2,360 

1,200 

2,240 

3,160 

2,210 

490 

490 

1,170 

972

3,160

Minimum.

582 

168 

159 

183 

242 

175

283

248

1,370 

582 

232 

217

248 

248

610 

340

1,210 

400 

335 

220 

305 

655

400

400 

600 

775

1,580 

775 

695 

470 

220 

220

220

220

400

1,030

255 

384 

205 

340 

370 

320 

1,720 

397 

227 

110 

207 

384

110

Mean.

1,970 

370

570 

446 

417 

304

541 

431 

0385 

0370 

o400 

ol,700 

2,200 

1,590 

471 

396 

398 

661

796

1,230 

545 

a300 

a 240 

a 230 

a 1,070 

2,950 

871 

1,210 

904 

951 

1,570

1,010

590 

625 

969 

1,400 

a 714 

a900 

3,130 

1,870 

1,710 

881 

738 

421

1,160

498 

869 

a 487 

a960 

a 350 

a 1,040 

2,320

387 

572 

500 

1,200 

500 

900 

2,400 

875 

387 

286 

405 

490

746

Per 

square 

mile.

3.20 

.602 

.927

.725 

.678 

.494

.880 

.701 

.626 

.602 

.650 

2.76 

3.58 

2.59 

.766 

.644 

.647 

1.07

1.29

2.00 

.886 

.488 

.390 

.374 

1.74 

4.80 

1.42 

1.97 

1.47 

1.55 

2.55

1.64

.960 

1.02 

1.58 

2.28 

1.16 

1.46 

5.09 

3.04 

2.78 

1.43 

1.20 

.685

1.89

.810 

1.41 

.795 

1.56 

.569 

1.69 

3.77

.629 

.930 

.813 

1.95 

.813 

1.46 

3.90 

1.42 

.629 

.465 

.659 

.797

1.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.57 

.69 

1.03

.84 

.78 

.55

1.01 

.78 

.72 

.69 

.70 

3.18 

3.99 

2.99 

.86 

.74 

.75 

1.19

17.60

2.31 

.99 

.56 

.45 

.39 

2.01 

5.36 

1.64 

2.20 

1.70 

1.79 

2.84

22.24

1.11

1.14 

1.82 

2.63 

1.21 

1.68 

5.68 

3.50 

3.10 

1.65 

1.38 

.76

25.96

.93 

1.57 

.92 

1.80 

.59 

1.95 

4.21

.63 

1.04 

.94

2.25 

.85 

1.68 

4.35 

1.64 

.70 

.54 

.76 

.89

16.27

o Estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and comparison with other streams. & 361 days.
116

Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, VL,for the years ending Sept. SO, 1903-

3d.

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

JreeT: at Middlebury, Vt.,for the 1 

1907 and 1911-1916 Continued

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

1911-12.

October....................................... 2,160

November..................................... 1, £60

December..................................... 2,360

January....................................... 855

February...................................... 710

March.... ... ... ... ... .................... 2,970

April.......................................... 4,950

May... . ... ............ 2,360

June .......................................... 2,900

July........................................... 540

August........................................ 760

September..................................... ^^1,330

The year................................ 4,950

1912-13. ~

October....................................... 2,720

November..................................... 2,280

December..................................... 2,020

January....................................... 2,900

February...................................... 1,890

March.... ..... . ... ........................ 8,000

April.......................................... 6,700

May.... ... ..... . .... 2,390

June........................................... 2,280

July........................................... 397

August...........-.....-----.-.....-.......... 335

September..................................... 540

The year................................ 8j0oo

1913-14. =

October........................................ 1,400

November..................................... 1,190

December..................................... 952

January....................................... 1,180

February...................................... 1,220

March......................................... 3,120

April.......................................... 5,540

May........................................... 3,660

June........................................... 790

July........................................... 515

August........................................ 1,080

September........;............................ 887

The year................................ ;£££ 

1914-15. =

October....................................... 415

November..................................... 760

December..................................... 465

January....................................... 1,800

February...................................... 2,670

March......................................... 3,410

April.......................................... 2,690

May........................................... 880

June........................................... 320

July........................................... 1,880

August........................................ 582

September..................................... 360

The year................................. ^^

1915-16. -

October....................................... 670

November..................................... 670

December..................................... 1,970

January....................................... 2,330

February...................................... 2,510

March......................................... 2,510

April.......................................... 4,850

May........................................... 2,420

June........................................... 1,110

July........................................... 1,790

August........................................ 555

September..................................... 450

The year................................ 4,850

415

582

425

430

385

390

2,580

873

320

175

255

345

963

876

1,240

600 55-1

1,600

3,630

 1,550

1,220

318

376

634

1.56

1.42

2.02

.976

.894

2.60

5.90

2.52

1.98

.517

.611

1.03

175 1,130 1.84

345

730

540

1,210

465

465

887

490

219

195

155

138

1,010

1,340

995

2,130

973

2,530

2,380

1,000

659

312

256

255

1.65

2.18

1.62

3.46

1.58

4.11

3.87

1.63

1.07

.507

.416

.414

138 1,150 1.87

155

392

370

280

320

400

3,440

440

215

255

195

195

543

559

582

444

654

1,350

4,100

1,790

387

348

371

372

.883

.909

.946

.722

1.06

2.20

6.67

2.91

.629

.566

.603

.605

155 957 1.56

195

203

100

150

320

360

403

265

163

248

175

302

385

257

810

1,170

1,210

1,170

437

245

589

348

252

.491

.626

.418

1.32

1.90

1.97

1.90

.711

.398

.958

.566

.410

100 594 .966

217 

248 

232 

450 

450 

 475 

2,330 

501 

426 

340 

217 

232

314

368

651

1,210

1,070

970

3,060

1,240

656

688

341

291

0.511

.598

1.06

1.97

1.74

1.58

4.98

2.02

1.07

1.12

.554

.473

217 901 1.47

NOTE. Determinations of discharge for 1903 and 1904 supersede those published in Water-Supply Papers 

97 and 129.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, 117

Days of deficiency in discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.Jor the years ending Sept.

SO, 1911-1916.

Discharge in second-feet.

150..............................................

200

250 ..............................................

300..............................................

350..............................................

400. .............................................

450..............................................

500..............................................

550..............................................

600. .............................................

700 ..............................................

800 ..............................................

900 ..............................................

1,000. ...........................................

1,100............................................

1,200 ............................................

1,400.............................................

1 ,600 ... ; ........................................

1,800 ............................................

2,000............................................

2,500............................................

3,000............................................

4,000............................................

8,000............................................

Days of deficient discharge.

1910-11 a

3

8 

18 

39 

66 

136 

188 

225 

236 

247 

260 

271 

276 

284 

296 

303 

309 

310 

316 

327 

347 

358 

361

1911-12

3 

4 

19 

41 

63 

84 

114 

136 

158 

193 

221 

235 

243 

256 

263 

273 

283 

286 

296 

315 

338 

360 

366

1912-13

1 

14 

32 

66 

88 

103 

112 

126 

145 

166 

179 

200 

208 

220 

233 

244 

257 

270 

284 

301 

323 

350 

354 

365

1913-14

4 

13 

48 

86 

133 

162 

193 

213 

227 

249 

271 

280 

290 

293 

300 

302 

309 

312 

318 

322 

326 

352 

365

1914-15

2 

21 

66 

119 

175 

209 

239 

255 

271 

284 

294 

303 

313 

314 

317 

320 

324 

331 

335 

342 

352 

361 

365

1915-16

23 

63 

101 

127 

132 

16g 

194 

216 

240 

249 

259 

271 

274 

287 

28* 

294 

308 

315. 

336 

355 

361 

366

W1NOOSEI RIVER AT MONTPEIJER, VT.

LOCATION. One mile downstream from the Central Vermont Railway station in 

Montpelier, Washington County, about three-eighths mile above mouth of Dog 

Eiver, and 1J miles below mouth of Worcester Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19,1909, to September 30,1916.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed July 4, 1914, on right bank; 

gage heights referred to datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an outside 

staff gage is used for auxiliary readings; records June 16 to July 3,1914, obtained 

from the staff gage. Chain gage at highway bridge just above the Central Vermont 

Railway station, from May 19,1909, to June 30,1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in section at the gage; 

control is formed by sharply defined rock outcrop about 500 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 10.0 feet at 8 p. m. April 2 (discharge, 6,630 second-feet, determined from extension of rating curve and may be subject to error); somewhat 

higher stages occurred March 30-31, owing to ice in the river; minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 2.77 feet at 11 a. m. October 24 (discharge, 19 secondfeet).

1909-1916: Maximum stage determined by leveling from flood marks preserved 

on building near present gage, 17.31 feet, April 7, 1912 (discharge not determined); minimum stage from water-stage recorder 1914-1916, 2.77 feet, August 

13, 1914, and October 24, 1915 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice during the winter months. 

Discharge ascertained by means of gage heights, current-meter measurements, 

observer's notes, and climatic records.

REGULATION .j Operation of power plants on main stream and tributaries above 

station cause large diurnal fluctuations in stage (see fig. 30, p. 139, Water-Supply 

Paper 375).
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well denned between 30 and 5,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder was unsatisfactory during the last part of the year 

owing to frequent stopping of the clock. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: 

October 1 to August 31 by applying rating table to mean daily gage height, with 

corrections for ice during the period December to March; September 1 to 30, by 

discharge integrator. Results good October to June, fair for July to SeptemberDischarge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 16

T\rtrt Oft

Feb. 13

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.10

o4.23

o5.08

» 5.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

386

247

367

408

Date.

Mar. 22

6

Made by 

R. S. Barnes...........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o5.65

5.58

5.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

385

1,330

1,310

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

NOTE. Discharge measurements made subsequent to Sept. 30,1916, used in determining rating curve.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

113

86

58

158

216

430

234

189

153

97

153

124

110

115

108

195

82

148

136

165

168

150

145

52

117

113

115

117

124

124

82

Nov.

163

133

136

115

108

141

74

108

115

104

120

108

165

51

175

225

148

365

248

138

17K

158

360

Dec.

300

210

195

195

110

178

148

145

143

131

120

42

108

97

108

97

108

131

280

180

155

131

120

86

168

860

2,700

2,430

1,380

1,260

Jan.

1,180

1,140

1,140

1,040

1,040

1,600

1,460

790

530

420

320

240

210

180

143

180

168

143

155

180

355

500

OQK

500

1,600

5 7QO

1 140

1,070

Feb.

1,730

1,220

825

620

420

560

530

395

420

445

370

345

370

345

320

320

300

300

300

240

240

210

195

195

99^

1,140

i ^ftft

970

650

Mar.

530

470

445

395

300

280

280

280

300

320

320

300

300

300

300

320

300

260

280

240

260

225

210

240

260

445

970

1,550

3,110

6,070

Apr.

3,830

4,450

2,380

1,780

1,420

1,500

1,550

1,340

1,380

1,220

1,420

1,680

1,550

1,600

1,600

1,730

2,030

2,430

1,880

1,460

1,420

1,600

2,700

2,030

1 640

1,420

1,220

1,140

QftC

May.

909

839

755

1,070

818

692

608

602

524

530

465

420

330

375

536

2,480

3,650

1.550

1,070

867

734

818

811

ftCft

530

4Q4

415

ftPLA

902

June.

566

370

430

1,100

909

818

657

500

790

1,380

1,380

1,460

1,000

825

620

590

811

755

584

1,140

776

530

OQK

415

460

QQQ

554

July.

350

300

420

470

602

380

256

280

240

9<U

195

204

204

186

195

155

1QK

198

183

183

207

186

160

148

155

108

KA

148

Aug.

228

168

129

115

108

90

99

108

370

930

470

260

225

213

IflA

155

1 K^\

117

110

120

64

120 -136

1EQ

129

Sept.

130

145

105

135

155

145

135

120

115

100

135

125

105

115

125

225

1 Pift

I/IK

140

135

191

110

70

150

125

ICC

1,010

NOTE. No record by water-stage recorder Nov. 7-9; Dec. 28,29; Jan. 22, 23; July 21-25, 27; Aug. 4,6, 8, 

10, 11; Sept. 4, 17, 18; discharge estimated by comparison with records for streams in near-by drainage 

basins. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10-27,1915, and Jan. 8 to Mar. 31,1916; estimates for 

these periods based on gage heights corrected for backwater by means of 4 current-meter measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 119

Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1915, and 1916.

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

1914-15.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year........ ........................

1915-16. 

October........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

268 

590 

482 

2,530 

1,640 

1,000 

4.190 

970 

560 

2,300 

853 

201

4,190

430 

445 

2,700 

5,790 

1,730 

6,070 

4,450 

3.650 

1,460 

602 

930 

1,010

6,070

Minim irm.

22

68 

21 

49 

90 

210 

355 

192 

86 

168 

120 

54

21

52 

51 

42 

143 

195 

210 

965 

330 

370 

56 

64 

70

42

Mean.

134 

225 

126 

373 

359 

463 

923 

397 

208 

382 

296 

129

334

141 

188 

406 

844 

534 

648 

1,780 

844 

733 

231 

180 

161

556

Per 

square 

mile.

0.319 

.586 

.300 

.888 

.885 

1.10 

2.20 

.945 

.495 

.910 

.705 

.307

.795

.336 

.448 

.967 

2.01 

1.27 

1.54 

4.24 

2.01 

1.75 

.550 

.429 

.383

1.32

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.60 

.35 

1.02 

.89 

1.27 

2.46 

1.09 

.55 

1.05 

.81 

.34

10.80

.39 

.50 

1.11 

2.32 

1.37 

1.78 

4.73 

2.32 

1.95 

.63 

.49 

.43

18.02

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge for the year ending Sept. 30,1915, supersedes that published in 

Water-Supply Paper 404. Eating curve revised above 1,000 second-feet by means of current-meter measurements obtained in 1916 and 1917.

DOG RIVER AT NORTHFIELD, VT.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Norwich University campus in Northfield, Washington County. Union Brook joins Dog River a short distance below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 47 square miles (from surveys made by Norwich University 

students).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 14, 1909, to September 30, 1916. Records from May 14,

1909. to August 22,1910, obtained at lower highway bridge; those from August 23,

1910. to date at present location.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder; gage heights referenced to gage datum 

by means of a hook gage inside the well; outside staff gage used for auxiliary

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed of gravel and alluvial deposits; subject

to slight shifts. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder,

5.18 feet at 5 a. m. January 28 (discharge, 978 second-feet); minimum stage during

year from water-stage recorder, 0.92 foot at 1 a. m. and 2 p. m. September 13

(discharge, 8.6 second-feet).

1910-1916: Maximum stage recorded at present site, 8.5 feet March 25, 1913

(discharge, 3,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot September 

. 10 and 11, 1913 (discharge, 3.0 second-feet). At the lower gage, 1909-10 flow was

practically zero at various times when water was held back by dam above gage.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

ICE. River frozen over at various times during the winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is present. Rating curve well defined below 500 second-feet and poorly denned above. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except for short 

periods as shown in footnote to daily discharge table. Daily discharge ascer- 

. tained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights, determined by inspection of gage-height graph. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Date.

Oct. 16 

23

Nov. 6

15

15

15

Made by 

Knowlton and .George..

.....do..................

.....do..................

R. C. Knowlton........

Gage 

height.

Feet.. 

1.40 

1.16

1.12

1.20

1.35

1.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

28.7 

15.9

17.1

18.3

21.4

25.3

Date.

Nov. 20 

20

Dec. 4

Feb. 14

Mar. 21

Made by 

Knowlton and George.. 

.....do..................

.. ...do..... .......... ...

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

1.91 

1.86

1.29

01.75

1.60

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

71 

64

22.2

34.4

38.0

252

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the year ending Sept.

SO,1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.Y.. ..........

20..............

21... .... .......

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

13

16

22

18

23

29

22

21

16

13

13

13

13

14

47

27

20

18

19

20

18

17

16

16

16

16

18

17

14

17

20

Nov.

19

19

17

16

17

18

17

16

17

17

15

16

1615'

22

29

20

18

20

55

39

33

27

 25

22

22

22

25

28

44

Dec.

32

27

27

24

24

25

25

22

18

17

18

14

15

16

18

18

17

23

45

36

30

27

27

27

27

141

115

97

76

60

44

Jan.

58

54

51

47

53

159

103

72

57

58

47

38

38

33

33

34

31

27

29

33

52

93

190

116

96

217

445

650

265

195

1Q7

Feb.

308

168

136

102

CO

76

56

53

55

48

45

46

44

43

44

44

44

38

33

31

31

30

29

27

45

392

226

190

165

Mar.

149

133

125

110

on

78

67

62

58

58

4*

53

50

49

38

35

34

32

34

34

37

36

31

33

36

44

76

152

245

392

430

Apr.

505

505

286

224

206

217

215

183

178

167

190

217

217

208

91 1

245

276

255

217

194

187

215

355

297

245

211

180

160

144

141

May.

125

107

102

107

84

76

71

79?r60

60

50

48

49

45

73

405

368

195

154

133

127

118

102

83

72

62

57

53

72

104

June.

69

53

56

124

88

92

69

60

116

144

173

133

93

72

62

78

149

138

118

170

119

99

84

75

75

72

74

121

72

58

July.

48

43

55

64

65

46

39

37

39

44

37

47

60

50

ifi

31

29

26

23

22

23

57

93

45

39

34

49

42

32

30

28

Aug.

26

24

21

21

19

21

19

19

32

30

22

20

20

18

17

15

14

15

15

14

13

13

14

14

13

12

17

18

22

14

14

Sept.

13

15

15

12

13

14

14

13

12

11

11

10

9

9

27

24

18

14

14

13

12

12

16

16

14

12

12

11

14

42

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 9-20, Feb. 5-25, Mar. 11-13, and 16-19. No records 

by water-stage recorder Dec. 7-10,1915; Jan. 9-11,18-22; Feb. 20-25; Mar. 2-10; May 1^15, 21-23; May 27 

to June 2; June 11-17; July 9-41, and Sept. 2-3, 1916; discharge estimated by comparison with records 

of Winooski Elver at Montpelier.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 121

Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the year ending Sept 

[Drainage area, 47 square miles.]

?, 1916.

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

47 

55 

141 

650 

392 

430 

505 

405 

173 

93 

32 

42

650

MmimnTn,

13 

15 

14 

27 

. 27 

31 

141 

45 

53 

22 

12 

9

9

Mean.

18.8 

.22.9 

36.5 

115 

90.9 

92.2 

235 

107 

96.9 

42.4 

18.3 

14.7

73.9

Per

square 

mile.

0.400 

.487 

.777 

2.45 

1.93 

1.96 

5.00 

2.28 

2.06 

.902 

.389 

.313

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.46 

.54 

.90 

2.82 

2.08 

2.26 

5.58 

2.63 

2.30 

1.04 

.45 

.35

21.41

LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS, VT.

LOCATION. About one-fourth mile below power plant of Morrisville Electric Light 

& Power Co., at what was formerly known as Cadys Falls, 2 miles downstream 

from village of Morrisville, Lamoille County.

DRAINAGE AKEA. 280 square miles.

RECOUPS AVAILABLE. September 4, 1913, to September 30, 1916. A station was 

maintained at highway bridge near power plant at Cadys Falls from July 28, 

1909, to July 13, 1910.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder in gage house on right bank, onefourth mile below highway bridge at Cadys Falls. Gage heights are referred to 

gage datum by means of a hook gage inside the well. An outside staff gage is 

used for auxiliary readings. From July 28,1909, to July 13, 1910, chain gage on 

highway bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel smooth gravel; well defined gravel control 500 feet 

downstream from gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.25 feet at 9 a.m., 

April 2 (discharge, 3,370 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 1.99 

feet on September 5, 10, and 11 (discharge, 83 second-feet).

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 10.53 feet April 20, 1914 (discharge, 

7,250 second-feet); minlrmiTn stage recorded, 1.82 feet, August 17, 1914 (discharge, 50 second-feet).

ICE. River freezes over for short periods during extremely cold weather; stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when ice is 

present. Rating curve well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except for short periods as shown in footnote to daily 

discharge tables. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean 

daily gage heights, determined by inspection of gage-height graph. Results 

good.

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 20

Made by 

G.F.Adams...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

535

Date.

Feb. 10

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

336
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge in second-feet, ofLamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

135

135

132

141

420

672

383

290

230

178

178

169

160

150

175

169

132

124

163

204

204

204

166

132

135

153

163

153

147

166

172

Nov.

175

172

175

169

!? 

188

153

147

178

182

169

166

178

150

175

2G3

220

191

211

560

582

462

347

279

224

217

194

211

272

493

Dec.

420

272

220

2^0

191

201

172

1G6

169

135

129

129

126

150

160

156

153

175

302

347

265

237

211

211

201

646

1,030

672

551

493

462

Jan.

445

375

309

S55

546

582

551

347

272

428

313

204

237

2^4

350

234

185

211

237

178

182

279

745

720

515

533

945

2,430

1,660

895

770

Feb.

1,350

972

672

533

402

395

387

351

336

317

302

254

217

244

244

230

224

224

237

230

234

214

211

207

217

480

945

506

391

Mar.

367

351

347

307

302

294

283

279

279

276

258

254

244

328

237

204

237

272

237

214

172

227

328

220

220

214

332

770

1,150

1,730

2,340

Apr.

2,430

2,050

1,300

1,020

945

870

945

795

845

695

820

1,090

1,060

1,180

1,060

1,180

1,520

2,180

1,700

1,220

1,090

1,180

1,800

1,760

1,350

1,090

S95

770

605

560

May.

416

493

502

618

560

467

437

428

408

333

383

359

317

2CO

283

283

403

1,590

1,060

695

515

428

408

395

328

272

244

230

244

363

770

June.

475

347

290

672

745

1,000

610

428

450

641

745

672

542

391

309

287

363

412

515

795

574

395

317

276

214

262

240

524

432

317

July.

248

108

207

328

367

276

220

290

347

240

204

244

276

268

204

147

188

175

160

147

141

141

147

172

185

188

175

150

126

115

237

Aug.

191

150

141

135

132

109

121

13S

305

845

445

268

207

185

160

141

141

135

129

104

109

129

132

124

126

118

121

132

147

138

135

Sept.

124

141

135

109

132

144

141

147

178

115

109

115

112

107

204

276

147

138

135

144

129

118

129

135

126

118

115

115

144

1,000

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 8-21; Feb. 11-18; Mar. 1-6 and 16-21; discharge 

estimated from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. No records by water-stage recorder 

Jan. 1-3, 5; Feb. 26-28; Mar. 17-20, 29-30; and May 3-22; determinations based on readings once dally by 

observer and comparison with records of flow for streams in adjacent drainage I^osins.

Monthly discharge ofLamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1916. 

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

March ............................ .. .

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feei.

Maximum.

672 

582 

1,030 

2,430 

1,350 

2,340 

2,950 

1,590 

1,000 

367 

845 

1,000

2,950

lyfinimnm.

124 

147 

126 

178 

207 

172 

560 

230 

214 

115 

104 

107

104

Mecc.

198 

243

289 

528 

400 

430 

1.260 

473 

475 

210 

183 

166

403

Per 

square 

mile.

0.707 

.868 

1.03 

1.80 

1.43 

1.54 

4.50 

1.69 

1.70 

.750 

.654 

.593

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

.97 

1.19 

2.18 

1.54 

1.78 

5.02 

1.95 

1.90 

.86 

.75 

.66

19.62
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 123

GREEN RIVER AT GARFIELD, VT.

LOCATION. At site of old dam just above highway bridge at Garfield, Lamoille 

County. Green River is tributary to Lamoille River about 4 miles east of 

Morrisville. '

DRAINAGE AREA. 20 square miles (roughly approximate).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 3, 1915, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank in pool back of weir; read by P. M. Trescott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Standard sharp-crested weir of compound section; 

length of crest at gage height'0.00 is 9.0 feet; at gage height 0.83 foot, length of 

crest is increased 11.17 feet. Current-moter measurements made at footbridge 

about one-half mile downstream from weir, and at highway bridge about one-half 

mile above weir.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A pool of considerable size ic formed in the old mill pond 

back of the weir; at ordinary stages the velocity of approach to the weir is very 

small. Some water leaks around weir in old tailrace on left bank.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 2.64 feet at 9 a. m. April 18 

(discharge, 236 second-feet); minimum stage during year, 0.37 foot at 5 p. m. 

September 14 (discharge, 7.8 second-feet).

1915-16: Maximum stage recorded, 3.6 feet at 9 a. m. April 12, 1915 (discharge, 436 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.35 foot at 9 a. m. February 5, 

1915 (discharge, 7.2 second-feet).

ICE. Weir and weir crest kept clear of ice by clear fall below; stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. An old timber dam about 2 miles upstream affects flow to some extent. 

The dam leaks by an amount somewhat greater than the low-water flow. During 

prolonged low stages the surface of water in pond (103 acres) falls below crest of 

dam; subsequent increased flow into pond is retained until water again flows over 

crest, when the increased flow is apparent at gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Discharge computed 

from weir formula, Q=3.33 LH3/2 with logarithmic extension above gage height 

r..90 feet, to which has been added 1.0 second-foot on account of leakage. Gage 

read twice daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating 

table to mean daily gage heights. Except for some uncertainty in regard to 

leakage through old tailrace results are good below 120 second-feet; at the higher 

stages the weir is flooded and results are somewhat uncertain.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by C. T. Middlebrook, consulting 

engineer, Albany, N. Y.

Discharge measurements of Green River at Garfield, Vt., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1916.

Date.

196

19i>

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.62

.62

.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

to c\

12.2

Date.

46

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gago 

height.

Feet. 

1.76

1.76

1.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Ill

97

a. Measurement made about one-half mile below weir.

& Measurement made at highway bridge about one-half mile above weir.
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1916.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

c

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 11?

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

11

12

11

11

28

23

O7

29

23

IQ

18

16

1511?

11?

14

14

13

15

15

15

15

16

14

13

13

13

iq

13

16

1 %

Nov.

14

iq

15

14

14

14

iq

iq

13

iq

13

iq

14

13

14

16

16

17

16

97

36

37

28

23

20

19

18

91

9Q

^1

Dec.

45

29

26

no

91

19

17

17

17

16

11?

17

17

16

16

14

13i<?

17

IQ

21

18

17

18

20

28

31

qc

33

31

21

Jan.

23o*>

99

20

20

9*

o*>

24

OK

o*>

91

IS

18

16

15

16

1511?

11?

15

15

18

22

19

21

32

44

Q7

92

96

77

Feb.

77

70

fi9

43

34

33

OQ

24

OQ

99

20

1«

18

18

 1Q

17

1611?

11?

15

14

13

13

1311?

25

20

16

18

Mar.

21

OQ

24

91

1Q

Id

17

17

17

15

15

14

14

14

14

13is

13

12

19

11

19

12

12

11

11

17

99

29>?ft

129

Apr.

1TO

1Q9

160

103

77

66

66

56

53

CQ

f^fi

88

103

128

QC

109

170

229

165

105

111

138

192

184

155

119

94

81

65

61

May.

52

43

OQ

65

KO

42

35

30

28

26

29

28

26

23

91

22

cn

150

129fi>?

40

34

34

32

28

25

22

20

19

35

51

June.

38

28

OK

61

70

7Q

KI?

35

32

11

i?Q

65

41

33

28

27

32

36

36

36

32

25

22

20

19

19

23

25

24

20

July.

18

1910

1Q

1Q

17

16

17

17

17

16

16

1611?

11?

13

1°.

13

13

19

12

12

12

11

11

1111?

11?

14

13

23

Aug.

i ^

14

14

iq

1°.

13

19

13

44

47

54

qo

26

23

20

18

17

16

15

14

14

16

15

13

13

11

12

12

12

11

11

Sept.

10 iq

10

10

10

10

10

9

12

9 1

9 1

8.6

8.6

8.3

7.8

19

11

10

9.8

9.8

9.3

9.1

9.8

9.8

9.6

9.6

9.3

9.3

9.1

9.6

16

Monthly discharge of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916.

Month.

October............

December. .........

April...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

37

51 

45 

97 

77 

129 

229

Minimum.

11 

13 

13 

15 

13 

11 

51

Mean.

16.4 

19.2 

21.3 

29.8 

25.3 

21.1 

114

Month.

July...............

The year. ....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

150 

79 

23 

54 

16

229

Minimum.

19 

19 

11 

11

7.8

7.8

Mean.

41.5 

35.6 

16.1 

18.5 

9.91

30.6
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 125

MISSISQTJOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT.

LOCATION. About 3 miles downstream from Richford, Franklin County, 3 miles 

below mouth of North Branch, and 2 miles above mouth of Trout River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 445 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, and June 26, 1911, to 

September 30, 1916.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder in gage house on left bank, about 

one-fourth mile above highway bridge, installed August 1, 1915. June 26, 1911, 

to July 31,1915, chain gage on highway bridge. From May 22,1909, to December 

3, 1910, gage was just below plant of the Sweat-Comings Co., in Richford.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; banks not subject to overflow; stream bed 

composed of gravel, boulders, and ledge rock. Control is sharply denned by 

rock outcrop about 100 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.25 feet at 12 

p. m., March 31 (probably backwater from ice); highest open-water stage, 9.8 

feet at 6 a. m., April 2 (discharge, 6,710 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.22 feet at 3 p. m., October 3 (discharge, 40 second-feet).

1911-1916: Maximum stage recorded at new site, 16.7 feet by chain gage 

March 26, 1913 (determination of discharge, 10,200 second-feet, 'from extension 

of rating curve may be subject to error); minimum stage recorded, at new site, 

4.15 feet by chain gage, July 14, 1911 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from gage 

heights corrected for backwater by means of current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Considerable daily fluctuation at low stages, caused by operation of 

power plants at Richford.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when ice is 

present. Rating curve fairly well denned below 4,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory during last part of year on account of 

clock stopping, as indicated in footnote to daily discharge table. Chain gage 

read to half-tenths once daily from April 21 to July 1. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights determined by inspection of recorder sheets; determinations for periods for which no record was obtained 

based on comparison with records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage basins. 

Results good for periods when water-stage recorder was in operation.

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 17 

17 

Dec. 19 

Jan. 13

G. F.Adams..... 

.....do............ 

R. 8. Barnes...... 

.....do............

Gage height, 

in feot.

Chain 

gage.

a 6. 78 

a 6. 65 

«7.90

a 7. 25

Hook 

gage.

a 4. 36 

o4.28 

o5.20 

a 4. 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

957 

915 

863

544

Date.

Feb. 12 

Mar. 23 

Apr. 5

R.S. Barnes...... 

.....do............

.....do............

Gage height, 

in feet.

Chain 

gage.

a 9. 05 

a 7. 00

8.58

Hook

gage.

o5.69 

«4.04 

5.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.210 

182 

2,370

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisguoi River near Richford, Vt., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

223

186

152

155

545

1,190

739

476

341

250

230

226

186

162-

179

168

145

158

200

450

569

V20

493

369

^13

408

460

KAK

830

i ion

Nov.

900

726

700

758

674

551

498

510

599

551

504

587

515

798

1,230

o7n

765

687

1,390

1,920

I

KftA

1,150

onn

746

642

648

onn

1,080

1 OQA

Dec.

1,110

<Wi

7Q1

706

CQQ

KAK

488

434

379

341

OQ9

250

230

212

1QO

193

919

488

QQK

765

545

A(\Q

33fi

336

336

1,920

1,820

1,270

900

668

Jan.

605

605 u<\

515

KAK

1.230

1,470

1,150

830

668

jwe

J.Rft

JQQ

515

408

AftQ

384

90£

OCQ

359

359

1,040

1,870

1,430

1 040

1 040

l'870

5,060

4,180

2,430

2,230

Feb.

3,330

2

7OA

9 33f)

1 960 i *7ftn

1,510

1,270

1.110

970

935

900

QQA

732

668

635

515

515

J.fifi

434

384

292

270

250

250

313

605

1,230

1,350

1,110

Mar.

900

7fiH

515

408

408

408

408

408

384

408

408

359

313

292

292

292

230

212

212

193

193

193

193

193

193

212

545

1,870

5,870

0,950

Apr.

7,460

6,230

5,510

4,070

2

0Qrt

1 960

2

oon

2,000

2,180

1,870

1,960

2,430

2,430

2,630

2,330

2,230

2,830

4,070

4,620

3,630

2,630

2,480

3,430

4,070

3,330

2,630

2,100

1,740

1,350

May.

1,270

1,270

1,190

1,430

1 430

1.110

Q7fi

900

830

732

935

1,040

810

700

575

527

1,270

3,850

4,070

2,530

1,560

1,230

1,040

900

778

668

581

527

504

970

1,960

June.

1,350 Qftfi

onn

1,350

2,100

1 R9ft

1,600

1,270

1,110

1,510

1 7an

1,350

1,190

1,110

830

706

830

1,230

2,630

1,780

1,350

1,000

804

713

642

700

460

563

605

772

July.

605

476

900

2 ISA

1 740

1.080

779

732

900

648

408

515

408

635

313

254

270

354

313

292

292

322

413

557

359

274

246

434

250

226

212

Aug.

179

11ft

Oft

98

104

Qfi

Oft

1,110

1,510

713

587

680

557

398

309

250

200

186

109

132

136

126

112

106

112

98

86

126

126

101

Sept.

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 12-19; Dec. 1, and Dec. 6, 1915, to Apr. 1, 1916; 

estimates based on gage heights, current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

No record by water-stage recorder Jan. 3, 4, 8, 9, 15-21, 29-31; Feb. 1-8, 11, 12, 14, 20-29; Mar. 1-9,11-13, 

17-22; Apr. 8; May 16-25; June 2-4,25-29; July 1,2,5-7,10-14,17-21,28-31; determinations based on reading of chain gage once daily Apr. 21 to July l,and by study of comparative aydrographs for stations in 

nearby drainage basins.

Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt. ,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 445 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,190 

1,920 

2,180 

5,060 

3,330 

6,950 

7,460 

4,070 

2,630 

2,180 

1,510

7,460

Minimum.

145 

498 

193 

336 

250 

193 

1,350 

504 

460 

212 

86

Mean.

405 

849 

672 

1,130 

1,020 

916 

3,010 

1,230 

1,170 

561 

283 

0220

951

Per

square 

mile.

0.910 

1.91 

1.51

2.54 

2.29 

2.06 

6.76 

2.76 

2.63 

1.26 

.636 

.494

2.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.05 

2.13 

1.74 

2:93 

2.47 

2.38 

7.54 

3.18 

2.93 

1.45 

.73 

.55

29.08

a Mean for September estimated by comparison with records of flow for other streams.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 127

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

LOCATION. Just below plant of Newport Electric Light Co. at West Derby, Orleans 

County; about 1 mile above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1916.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on right bank; chain gage fastened 

to tree is used for auxiliary readings; gage heights referred to chain-gage datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading near gage or from highway bridge 

one-half mile downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough and irregular; covered with boulders 

and ledge rock; fall of river rapid for some distance below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 3.45 feet at 6.10 p. m. 

April 24 (discharge, 928 second-feet); minimum stage during year, 1.88 feet at 

5.50 p. m. September 27 (discharge, 66 second-feet).

1909-1916: Maximum stage during high water March 25 to 30, 1913, 5.8 

feet, as determined by engineers of Geological Survey from high-water marks 

(discharge about 6,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.60 feet at 5.45 

p. m. August 25, 1913, 7.30 p. m. July 30, and 4.50 p. m. August 17, 1914 (discharge, 17 second-feet).

ICE. Ice covers large boulders below gage during greater part of winter and causes 

some backwater.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages fully controlled by two dams at West Derby, 

but power plant is so operated that fluctuations in stage are not great. Distribution of flow affected also by several dams above West Derby. Seymour Lake 

and several smaller ponds in the basin afford a large amount of natural storage, 

but at the present time there is little if any artificial regulation at these ponds.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when ice is 

present; individual current-meter measurements occasionally plot erratically, 

probably because of rough measuring section. Rating curve fairly well defined. 

Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory during a part of the year on 

account of clock stopping, as indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage heights, 

using observer's reading of chain gage when recorder was not in operation (chain 

gage readings to quarter-tenths twice daily). Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Date.

Nov. 18

Dec. 17

Jan. 14

Made by 

.....do.................

. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.27

o2.12

a2.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

158

90

178

Date.

Feb. 11

Mar. 24

Made by 

R. S. Barnes.. .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.65

o2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6291

120

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. b Results doubtful.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1916, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1916.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14......

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21......

22..............

23..............

24......

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

149

140

130

122

115

112

102

115

115

122

120

108

105

100

98

95

98

95

86

92

90

o>;

120

138

125

118

112

102

98

98

105

Nov.

110

108

118

122

120

122

122

115

108

105

102

102

102

110

120

130

132

132

140

158

164

182

182

179

170

155

140

140

161

155

Dec.

161

167

173

170

164

149

132

138

130

122

108

102

110

102

98

108

90

88

80

88

90

108

102

118

130

176

200

224

259

320

364

Jan.

348

375

336

298

251

218

194

207

243

259

228

204

179

152

158

170

185

200

155

135

149

200

228

251

271

311

405

545

545

463

Feb.

470

442

405

387

336

311

288

271

263

243

239

221

210

204

218

204

188

164

155

152

155

152

155

161

170

176

188

200

210

Mar.

221

221

207

194

176

176

164

164

152

146

146

140

146

152

135

125

112

112

110

112

120

110

112

105

105

102

115

140

210

302

442

Apr.

545

725

775

725

630

5«5

545

498

449

423

429

435

442

463

463

449

505

585

775

875

875

825

825

875

875

875

875

775

775

675

May.

630

585

585

585

545

545

505

491

449

387

399

364

331

316

298

275

326

405

463

505

505

491

470

411

364

331

302

275

267

284

320

June.

320

320

320

399

470

491

505

545

545

545

505

470

449

449

423

399

381

375

387

381

387

375

375

364

342

326

302

275

235

218

July.

218

218

210

221

224

221

228

243

263

267

271

263

239

200

185

185

179

170

158

164

170

170

170

176

173

164

152

140

135

135

135

Aug.

132

128

125

122

118

115

115

110

284

442

449

435

375

320

267

224

188

170

155

135

125

115

105

100

92

95

90

86

90

86

88

Sept.

80

98

108

102

112

110

102

110

102

95

102

115

100

90

95

102

84

88

90

86

82

78

86

80

74

74

70

70

80

158

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10-24,1915; Jan. 7-24, Feb. 2-24, and 27-29; and Mar. 

16-28, 1916; discharge estimated from gage heights, four current-meter measurements and observer's 

notes. Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory and twice-daily readings of chain gage used during 

the following periods: Dec. 31 to Jan. 2; Jan. 29; Feb. 8,9; Feb. 11 to June 17; June 29,30; July 1,6-9, 20-31; 

and Aug. 1 to Sept. 30.

Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916. 

[Drainage area, 150 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

149 

182 

364 

545 

470 

442 

875 

630 

545 

271 

449 

158

875

Minimum.

86 

102 

80 

135 

152 

102 

423 

267 

218 

135 

86 

70

70

Mean.

110 

134 

147 

259 

239 

160 

652 

420 

 396 

195 

177 

94.1

248

Per 

square 

mile.

0.733 

.893 

.980 

1.73 

1.59 

1.07 

4.35 

2.80 

2.64 

1.30 

1.18 

.627

1.65

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a 85 

1.00 

1.13 

1.99 

1.72 

1.23 

4.85 

3.23 

2.94 

1.50 

1.36 

.70

22.50

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Measurements of Onondaga Creels near Cardiff, N. Y., about 2 miles above mouth of 

West Branch, during the year ending Sept. 30,1916.

Date.

Aug. 23

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. . ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.99

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

59.0

11.0

Date.

Aug. 23

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10.9
INDEX.

Accuracy, degree of......................... 1 10

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Adams, G. F., work of....................... 13

Altmar, N. Y., Orwell Brook near........... 72-73

Amberg, Wis., Pike River at................ 29-30

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis.. 19-20 

Appropriations, table of..................... 5

Army Engineer Corps, aid of................ 12

Auburn, N. Y., Owasco Lake outlet near.... 69-71

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.... 101-103

Ausable River, West Branch, near Newman,

N.Y............................ 104

Authorization............................... 5

B. 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis................ 21-23

Barnes, R. S., work of....................... 13

Beaver River near Beaver Dam, N. Y....... 82-84

Beckman, H. C., work of.................... 12

Black River near Boonville, N. Y........... 73-75

Black River canal near Boonville, N. Y..... 77-78

Boonville, N. Y., Black River canal near.... 77-78

Black River near........................ 73-75

Forestport Feeder near.................. 75-76

Brasher Center, N. Y, St. Regis River at.... 95-97

, Brasher Iron Works, N. Y, Deer River at... 97-98 

Brale Rivernear Brule, Wis................. 20-21

Brale (Aminicon drainage) River near

Florence, Wis................... 26-27

Burchard, E. D., work of.................... 12

Burlington, Vt., Lake Champlain at....... 107-108

Burton, Mich., Huron River at.............. 50-51

C. 

Cadys Falls, Vt., Lamoille River at........ 121^122

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y... 69

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y. 64-65

at Shakers Crossing, N. Y............... 66-67

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y...... 63-64

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y........ 52-54

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn....... 16-18

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt........... 127-128

Computations, accuracy of................... 10-11

Control, definition of........................ 6

Cooperation, statement of.................... 11-12

Covert, C. C., work of........................ 13

Crivitz, Wis., Peshtigo River near........... 31-32

Current meters, view of...................... 10

D. 

Dansville, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek near..... 63-64

Data, explanation of......................... 9

Davison, A. H, work of..................... 12

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y.... 97-98

Definitions of terms......................... 6-7

Dexter, Mich., Huron River at.............. 49-50

Discharge, conversion of..................... 7-8

measurement of......................... 9

instruments for, plate showing....... 10

tables of................................. 10

Dog River at Northfleld, Vt............... 119-121

89873° WSP 434 17-

E. Page. 

Entringer, J. O., work of.................... 12

Equivalents, table of........................ 7-9

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich........ 23-24

F.

Fear, H. W., work of........................ 13

Field data, accuracy of...................... 10-11

Flat Rock, Mich., Huron River at........... 51-52

Florence, Wis., Brule River near............ 26-27

Pine River near......................... 27-29

Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y..... 75-76

Fort Montgomery, N. Y., Richelieu River at. 98-99 

Freeland, Mich., Tittabawassee River at..... 48-49

G. >

Gage heights, records of...................... 9

records of, instruments for, plate showing 11 

Gaging stations, data collected at............ 9-10

distribution of........................... 5-6

location of............................ vni-xin

view of.................................. 11

Garfield, Vt., Green River at.............. 123-124

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.......... 57-58

atScio,N. Y............................ 56

near Mount Morris, N. Y................ 59-61

near Rochester, N. Y.................... 61-63

Gillett, Wis., Oconto River near............. 33-34

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich........ 46

Green River at Garfield, Vt............... 123-124

Groveland Station, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek

at............................... 64-65

H.

Harrisville, N. Y., West Branch of Oswegatchie Rivernear.................. 89-90

Hartwell, O. W.,workof.................... 13

Hearn, Hope, work of....................:.. 13

Hemlock, N. Y., Canadice Lake outlet near. 69 

Heuvelton, N. Y., Oswegatchie River near.. 87 

Horsepower, calculation of................... 9

Horton, A. H., workof...................... 12

Hoyt, W. G.,work of........................ 12

Huron River at Burton, Mich............... 50-51

at Dexter, Mich......................... 49-50

at Flat Rock, Mich...................... 51-52

I.

Independence, Minn., Cloquet River at..... 16-18 

Indian Office, aid of......................... 12

James, W. A., work of. 12

K.

Keshena, Wis., Wolf River at............... 35-36

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N.Y.......... 67-68

Kilgore, R. B., workof...................... 12

Kimmey, Helen, work of.................... 12

Koss, Mich., Menominee River below........ 24-25

129
130 INDEX.

L.

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt........ 107-108

Lake Erie, tributaries to, gaging on.......... 49-54

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y........ 105-107

Lake Huron, tributaries to, gaging records

on............................... 48-49

Lake Michigan, tributaries to, gage records of 23-48 

Lake Ontario, tributaries to, gaging on...... 54-84

Lake Superior, tributaries to, gage records on. 13-23 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt......... 121-122

Linden, N. Y., Little Tonawanda Creek at.. 54-55 

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.... 54-55

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis......... 40-42

Lutsen, Minn., Poplar River at.............. 13-14

M.

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich......... 47-48

Massena Springs, N. Y., Raquette River at.. 93-95 

Meadowlands, Minn., Whiteface River below 14-16 

Menominee River below Koss, Mich......... 24-25

Middleburg, Vt., Otter Creek at........... 108-117

Michigan, cooperation of..................... 12

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis...... 44-45

Miner's inch, equivalents of................. 8

Minnesota,cooperation of.................... 11

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt........ 125-126

Montpelier, Vt., Winooski River at........ 117-119

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y........... 78-80

Moose River, Middle Branch, at Old Forge,

N. Y............................ 80-81

Mount Moms, N. Y., Genesee River near... 59-61

N.

Neopit, Wis., West Branch of Wolf River at. 38-39 

New London, Wis., Wolf River at........... 37-38

Newman, N. Y., West Branch of Ausable

River near...................... 104

Newton Falls, N. Y., East Branch of Oswegatchie River at................ 85-86

New York, cooperation of................... 12

Northfleld, Vt., Dog River at.............. 119-121

O.

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis.............. 33-34

Odanah, Wis., Bad River near.............. 21-23

Ogdensburg, N. Y., Oswegatchie River near. 87-89 

Old Forge, N. Y., Middle Branch of Moose

River at........................... 80-81

Onondaga Creek near Cardiff, N. Y.......... 128

Onondaga Creek, West Branch, at South

Onondaga, N.Y................. 71

Orwell Brook near Altaian, N. Y............ 72-73

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y ... 87 

near Ogdensburg, N. Y.................. 87-89

Oswegatchie River, East Branch, at Newton

Falls, N. Y...................... 85-86

Oswegatchie River, West Branch, near Harrisville, N.Y.................... 89-90

Otter Creek at Middleburg, Vt............. 108-117

Qwasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.. . 69-71

P. Page.

Peshtigo River near Crivit/, Wis ............ 31-32

Peterson, B. J , work of ..................... 12, 13

Pierce, C H., work of ....................... 12

Piercefleld, N. Y., Raquette River at........ 91-92

Pike River at Amberg, Wis... . .............. 29-30

Pine River near Florence, Wis .............. 27-29

Plattsburg, N. Y. , Saranac River near. ..... 99-101

Poplar River at Lusten, Minn. .............. 13-14

Publications, availability of ................. m-iv

lists of ............................... iv-xxxn

R.

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.. . 93-95 

at Piercefleld, N. Y.. .................... 91-92

Rating tables, use of ......................... 9

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y. . 98-99 

Richford, Vt., Missisquoi River near. ..... 125-126

Rochester, N. Y., Genesee River near. ...... 61-63

Rogers Rock, N. Y., Lake George at..... .. 105-107

Royalton, Wis., Little Wolf River at ........ 40-42

Run-off, .definition of ........................ 6

S.

St. Helena, N. Y., Genesee River at ......... 57-58

St. Lawrence River, tributaries of, gaging on. 85-128 

St. Regis River at Brashear Center, N. Y . . . . 95-97

Saranao River near Plattsburg, N. Y. ...... 99-101

Scio, N. Y., Genesee River at................ 56

Second-foot, definition of .................... 6

Shakers Crossing, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek at. 66-67 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis. ..... 43-44

Sonyea, N..Y., Keshequa Creek near. ....... 67-68 .

Soule, S. B., work of. ....................... 12

South Onondaga, N. Y., West Branch of

Onondaga Creek at ............... 71

Stage-discharge relation, definition of ........ 6

T..

Thweatt, Hardin, work of ................... 13

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich. ..... 48-4s)

V. 

Velocity, conversion of ...................... 8

Vermont, cooperation of ..................... 12

Versailles, N. Y., Cattaraugus Creek at ...... 52-54

W.

Water-stage recorders, view of. .............. 11

Waupaca River near Weyauwego, Wis. ..... 42-43

West Derby, Vt. , Clyde River at .......... 127-128

Weyauwega, Wis., Waupaca River near. .... 42-13

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn. 14-16 

Williams, E. L., work of .................... 12

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt. ........ 117-119

Wisconsin, cooperation of. ................... 12

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis. ................ 35-36

at New London, Wis.................... 37-38

Wolf River, West Branch, at Neopit, Wis. . . 38-39 

Work, division of ............................ 12

Z.

Zero flow, definition of.
STREAMWAGINO STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART IV, ST, LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN
STREAM-GAGING 

RELATING

STATIONS AND PUBIIGATIONS 

0 WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water r 

Survey has consisted in larje 

flow of streams and studies 

it has comprised also inv£s 

irrigation, water storage, 

quality of waters. Most o: 

been published in the series 

appeared in the bulletins 

annual reports.

The results of stream-fL 

nually in 12 parts, each ] 

coincide with natural drainage

sources by the United States Geological 

part of measurements of the volume of 

of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

igations of such closely allied subjects as 

water powers, underground waters, and 

the results of these investigations have 

of water-supply papers, but some have 

professional papers, monographs, and

Part I. North Atlantic slope

II. South Atlantic slope

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin

V. Upper Mississippi Ri\

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi Ri

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexi

IX. Colorado River basin

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins ir

XII. North Pacific slope b

OW measurements are now published anart covering an area whose boundaries 

features, as indicated below:

>asms.

nd eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

er and Hudson Bay basins.

er basin. 

:o basins.

California, 

sins (in three volumes).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States mayj be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish list giving prices.
IV GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N,'Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Chicago, 111., 802 Federal Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building."

Austin, Tex. ; Old Post Office Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained 

by applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,100 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt. 2...........

lltliA, pt. 2...........

12thA.pt. 2. ..........

13th A, pt. 3...........

14thA.pt. 2. ..........

B131........ ...........

16th A, pt. 2. ..........

W 11.... ......... ......

18th A, pt. 4. ..........

W15...................

W16...................

19th A, pt.4. ..........

W27...................

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States.

(also some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

Year.

ber, 1890.

1891.

1892.

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

W28.......... .........

20th A, pt. 4...........

W35 to 39........ ......

21st A, pt. 4... .........

W47to52.. ...........

22d A, pt.4. ...........

W65. 66. ..............

W75...................

W82 to 85. ............

W97 to 100. ...........

W124 to 135. ..........

W165 to 178. ..........

W201 to 214. ..........

W241 to 252.. .........

W261 to 272. ..........

W281 to 292. ..........

W301to312. ..........

W321to332. ..........

W351to362. ..........

W381to394. ..........

W401 to 414. ..........

W431 to 444. ..........

Character of data.

western United States.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do. ........................................................

.....do. ........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1QAQ

1910.

1911

1913.

1914

1915.

1916.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers 

of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 1916. 

The data for any particular station will, as a rule, be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for Machias River at WhitneyvUle, Me., 1903 to 

1916, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 

261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, and 431, which contain records for 

the New England streams from 1903 to 1916. Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899o......

1900?......

1901.......

1902.......

1903. ......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

»124.o 125, 

P126 

n 165, o 166, 

P167 

» 201. o 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

& 97, 98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432

III

Ohio 

River.

36 

48,i49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205-

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36 

49 

65,75 

Z82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

River.

36 

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

fc83,85 

fc 98,99, rolOO 

& 128, 130

171

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435

VI

Missouri 

River.

c36,37 

49,,; 50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,? 131

172

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436

VII

Lower Mississippi . River.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

* 128, 131

* 179, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

 327 

357 

387 

407 

437

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308. 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438

1

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

& James River only.

« Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only. '

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast basins.

0 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report.Part IV.

& Wissahickon and Scnuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

j Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of Mi

l Lake Ontario an

 Hudson Bay onl

n New England R

o Hudson River to 

P Susquehanna Ri

5 Platte and Kans

* Great Basin in C

* Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

Kiver, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and 

in. the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the 

streams in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross 

back and forth over the lake surface.
PAET IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN.

PBINCIPAL STREAMS.

The St. Lawrence River basin includes streams which drain into 

the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. The principal streams 

flowing directly or indirectly into Lake Superior from the United 

States are St. Louis, Ontonagon, Dead, and Carp rivers; streams 

flowing into Lake Michigan are Escanaba, Menominee, Peshtigo, 

Oconto, Fox, St. Joseph, and Grand rivers; into Lake Huron flow 

Thunder Bay, Au Sable, Rifle, and Saginaw rivers; into Lake Erie 

flow Huron, Maumee, Sandusky, Black, and Cuyahoga rivers. 

Streams flowing into Lake Ontario are Genesee, Oswego, Salmon, 

and Black rivers. The St. Lawrence receives Oswegatchie and 

Raquette rivers, Richelieu River (the outlet of Lake Champlain), 

and St. Francis River, whose principal, tributary, Clyde River, reaches 

it through Lake Memphremagog. The streams of this basin drain 

wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, 

New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, this part contains a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by State and other organizations. (See

p. xix.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash following a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1916. Period 

after date indicates discontinuance.

Streams tributary to Lake Superior: 

Brule River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Devil Track River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Cascade River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., 1911- 

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., 1911-1914. 

St. Louis River near Gloquet, Minn., 1903. 

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., 1909-1915.

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., 1909-1912.

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., 1912-

Gloquet River at Independence, Minn., 1909- 

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., 1914-1916. 

Brule River near Brule, Wis., 1914- 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis., 1914-

IX
X GAGING STATIONS.

Streams tributary to Lake Superior Continued. 

Ontonagon River near Rockland, Mich., 1903. 

Sturgeon River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Perch River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Dead River near Negaunee, Mich., 1902-3. 

Dead River at Forestville, Mich., 1898-1902. 

Carp River near Marquette, Mich., 1902-3. 

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan:

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., 1903-1915.

Brule River (head of Menominee River) near Florence, Wis., 1914-1916.

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., 1902-1914.

Menominee River at Lower Quinnesec Falls, Wis., 1898-99.

Menominee River at Koss, Mich., 1902-1909; 1914.

Menominee River below Koss, Mich., 1913-

Iron River near Iron River, Mich., 1900-1905.

Pine River near Florence, Wis., 1914-

Pike River at Amberg, Wis., 1914- 

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis., 1912- 

Peshtigo River near Crivitz, Wis., 1900-1909. 

Peshtigo River at Crivitz, Wis., 1906. 

Oconto River near GLllett, Wis., 1906-1909; 1914- 

Oconto River at Stiles, Wis., 1906. 

Fox River at Omro, Wis., 1902-3. 

Fox River at Oshkosh, Wis., 1902. 

Fox River at Wrightstown, Wis., 1902-1904.

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., 1907-1909; 1911-

Wolf River at White House Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906-7.

Wolf River at Darrows Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906.

Wolf River at New London, Wis., 1913-

Wolf River at Northport, Wis., 1905.

Wolf River at Winneconne, Wis., 1902-3.

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., 1911- 

Little Wolf River near Royalton, Wis., 1914- 

Little Wolf River near Northport, Wis., 1907-1910. 

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., 1916-

Fond du Lac River, West Branch (head of Fond du Lac River) at Fond du

Lac, Wis., 1903.

East Branch of Fond du Lac River at Fond du Lac, Wis., 1903. 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., 1916- 

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., 1914- 

St. Joseph River at Mendon, Mich., 1902-1905. 

St. Joseph River near Buchanan, Mich., 1901-1906.

Fawn River at White Pigeon, Mich., 1903^. 

Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Mich., 1901-1907.

Reeds Springs near Albion, Mich., 1904-1906. 

Grand River at North Lansing, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Grand River at Grand Rapids', Mich., 1901-

Crockery Creek at Slocums Grove, Mich., 1902-3.

Red Cedar River at Agricultural College, Mich., 1902-3. 

Muskegon River at Newaygo, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich., 1903-1916. 

Boardman River at Traverse City, Mich., 1904.
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Streams tributary to Lake Huron:

Thunder Bay River near Alpena, Mich., 1901-1908. 

Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich., 1908-1914. 

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., 1902-1913. 

Rifle River near Sterling, Mich., 1905-1908. 

Rifle River at Omer, Mich., 1902-3. 

Shiawassee River (head of Saginaw River):

Flint River at Flint, Mich., 1903^.

Cass River at Frankenmuth, Mich., 1908-9.

Case River at Bridgeport, Mich., 1908.

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., 1903-1909; 1912- 

Streams tributary to Lake Erie:

Huron River at Dover, Mich., 1904. 

Huron River at Dexter, Mich., 1904-1916. 

Huron River at Barton, Mich., 1914- 

Huron River at Geddes, Mich., 1904-1914. 

Huron River at French Landing, Mich., 1904-5. 

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., 1904- 

Maumee River near Sherwood, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Maumee River near Waterville, Ohio, 1898-1901.

St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6.

St. Joseph River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6.

Tiffin River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903-1906.

Auglaize River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903. 

Ottawa River at Lima, Ohio, 1902-3.

Blanchard River at Ottawa, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio, 1898-1900. 

Sandusky River at Fremont, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Independence, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Cleveland, Ohio, 1903. 

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., 1910- 

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario: 

Niagara River:

Tonawanda Creek:

Little Tonawanda Creek near Linden, N. Y., 1912- 

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., 1916- 

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., 1908- 

Genesee River at Mount Morris, N. Y., 1905-1909.

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 1903-1906; 1908- 

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 1904-

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., 1910-1912; 1915-

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland station, N. Y., 1915-

Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., 1915- 

Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y., 1910-1912. 

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., 1915-

Hemlock Lake at Hemlock, N. Y., 1894-1902. 

Canadice outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., 1903- 

Honeoye Creek at East Rush, N. Y., 1903-1906.

Seneca River (head of Oswego River) at Baldwinsville, N. Y:, 1898-1908. 

Oswego River at Fulton, N. Y., 1900; 1902. 

Oswego River at Battle Island, above Minetto, N. Y., 1900-1906.
XII GAGING STATIONS

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued.

Oswego River at high dam, near Oswego, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Seneca Lake at Geneva, N. Y., 1905-6. 

Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, N. Y., 1905-1908. 

Fall Creek near Ithaca, N. Y., 1908-9. 

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y., 1912- 

Shaneateles Lake at Skaneateles, N. Y., 1890-91. 

Skeneateles Lake outlet at Willow Glen, N. Y., 1892-1908. 

Skeneateles Lake outlet at Jordan, N. *Y., 1890-1892. 

Onondaga Lake outlet at Long Branch, N. Y., 1904. 

West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y., 1916-. 

Fish Creek, East Branch (through Oneida Lake, head of Oneida River), at

Point Rock, N. Y., 1898-99. 

Oneida River at Brewerton, N. Y., 1899. 

Oneida River at Oak Orchard, near Euclid, N. Y., 1902-1909. 

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y., 1910-1913. 

Fish Creek:

West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Oneida Creek at Kenwood, N. Y., 18987-1900. 

Chittenango Creek at Chittenango, N. Y., 1901-1906. 

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y., 1911-1913. 

Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y., 1900-1908; 1910-1914.

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., 1911-1916. 

Black River near Boonville, N. Y., 1911- 

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., 1902-1913.

Black River at Huntingtonville dam, near Watertown, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Black River canal flowing south near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., 1900-

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., 1911- 

Beaver River at State dam, near Beaver River, N. Y., 1908- 

Beaver River at Croghan, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Streams tributary to the St. Lawrence:

Oswegatchie River, East Branch (head of Oswegatchie River), at Newton Falls,

N. Y., 1912-

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y., 1916. 

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1903-1916.

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y., 1916- 

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., 1908- 

Raquette River at South Colton, N. Y., 1904. 

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., 1903-1916.

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., 1910-

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works (railroad station), Ironton; N. Y., 1912-1916. 

Chateaugay River near Chateaugay, N. Y., 1908. 

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 1875- 

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., 1907- 

Big Chazy River at Moors, N. Y., 1908. 

Saranac River at Saranac Lake, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., 1903- 

Ausable River, West Branch, near Newman, N. Y., 1916-
GAGING STATIONS. XIII

Streams tributary to the St. Lawrence Continued. 

Richelieu River tributaries Continued. 

Lake Champlain tributaries Continued.

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., 1910- 

Ausable River at Keeseville, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Boquet River at Willsboro, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Lake George, N. Y., 1913-

Lake George outlet at Ticonderoga, N. Y., 1904-5. 

Poultney River at Fairhaven, Vt., 1908.

Mettawee River at Whitehall, N. Y., 1908. 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910-

East Creek near Rutland, Vt., 1911-1913.

Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt.,1909-1914. 

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909- 

Winooski River at Richmond, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Winooski River near Winooski, Vt., 1903.

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914.

Dog River at Northfield, Vt., 1909-

Dog River near Montpelier Junction, Vt., 1910.

Mad River at Moretown, Vt., 1910.

Little River near Waterbury, Vt., 1910.

Huntington River at Jonesville, Vt., 1910. 

Lamoille River at Morrisville, Vt., 1909-10. 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, near Morrisville, Vt., 1913- 

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., 1910-1913. 

Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., 1903.

Green River at Garfield, Vt., 1915- 

Missisquoi River at Richford, Vt., 1909-10. 

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 1911- 

Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., 1903.

St. Francis River (by way of Lake Memphremagog and Magog River): 

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., 1909-
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN.1

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has beeu exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Water-supply papers 

are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp.,2 pis. (Continued 

in No. 26.)

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; gives many well 

sections.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

No. 24 contains descriptions of the principal rivers of New York and their more important 

tributaties and data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

No. 25 contains discussion of water storage projects on Genesee and Hudson Rivers, power 

development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter 

on the use and value of the water powers of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of 

the water yield of sand areas of Long Island.

*26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 

64 pp. 5c.

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; contains many well 

sections.

*30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 

97 pp., 7 pis.

Describes lake and river transportation and navigation, water powers and domestic water 

supplies; discusses climate, topography, geology, and well waters; compares quality and quantity of waters.

31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Treats of economic value of mineral waters and discussion and classification of analyses; contains analyses of waters of Lake Superior and of smaller lakes and rivers and of well waters from 

various geologic formations; also sanitary condition of drinking waters.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second, revised, edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.)

1 For stream-measurement reports, see tables on pp. rv, v, vi. 

XIV
PUBLICATIONS. XV

91. The natural features and economic development of the Sandusky, Maumee, 

Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. and M. S. Flynn.

1904. 130 pp. lOc.

Describes the topography, geology, and soils of the areas, and discusses stream flow, dams, 

water powers, and public water supplies.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and of lower Michigan. The report 

comprises tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth yield, head, 

etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use 

and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows:

Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Lower Michigan; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; Indiana, by Frank Leverett; New York, by F. B. Weeks; Ohio, by 

Frank Leverett.

Each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, the relation of the geology 

to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists also principal mineral springs.

121. Preliminary report on the pollution of Lake Champlain, by M. O. Leighton. 

1905. 119 pp., 13 pis. 20c.

Describes the lake and principal inflowing streams and discusses the characteristics of the 

water and the wastes resulting from the manufacturing processes by which the waters are 

polluted. Discusses also the effect of mill waste on algse, bacteria, and fish.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams 

and wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New 

York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains three brief reports pertaining chiefly to areas in the St. Lawrence River basin:

Two unusual types of artesian flow, by Myron L. Fuller. Describes (1) artesian flows from 

uniform, unconflned sand on Long Island, N. Y., and in Michigan; and (2) flow from jointed 

upper portion of limestone and other rocks in southeastern Michigan.

Water resources of the Catatonk area, New York, by E. M. Kindle. Describes topography 

and geology of areas southeast of Finger Lake region, New York, including part of city of 

Ithaca; discusses briefly the artesian wells of Ithaca, the quality of the spring water at several small towns, and of the streams used for municipal supplies and for power.

A ground-water problem in southeastern Michigan, by Myron L. Fuller. Discusses causes 

of failure of wells in certain areas in southeastern Michigan in 1904 and the application of 

the conclusions to other regions.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes flood on Grand River, Mich. (from report of R. E. Horton), discussing streams 

precipitation, and temperature, discharge, damage, and prevention of future damage.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives, by States (and within the States by counties), the location, depth, diameter, yield, 

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed 

in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 

25c.

Describes, by river systems, the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall, and run-off, water 

powers and dams.

8&8730 WSP 434 17 10
XVI PUBLICATIONS.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Contains brief report entitled Flowing well districts in the eastern part of the northern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett,

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature,, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods on Sixmile Creek and Cayuga Inlet, N. Y. (in 1857,1901, and 

1905), and on Grand River, Mich., and estimate of flood discharge and frequency for Genesee 

River; gives index to literature on floods in American streams.

*182. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 

5 pis. 50c.

*183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions 

of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1907. 

393 pp., 5 pis. 50c.

Nos. 182 and 183 describe in general the geographic features, water-bearing formations, drainage, quality of water, and subterranean-water temperature, and give details concerning water 

supplies by countries. The reports contain many analyses.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp.,

2 pis. 40c.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters. 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analyticalresults; gives results of analyses of waters of Lake Superior 

and Lake Michigan, Kalandazoo and Grand rivers, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Maumee River, and 

St. Lawrence and Oswegatchie rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp.,

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples of 

water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source, course, and quality of water; 

includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a chapter 

on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 279 pp., 

7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses in detail, for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology, and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives record of wells and analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effects of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification and chemical composition; many analyses and field

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1916. 16 pp., 32 pig. 45c.
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers somarked, however, maybe purchased 

from the SUPEBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Annual reports 1 to 26 are royal octavo; later reports are octavo.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Tbe potable waters of eastern United States, by "W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108-113. Describes 

the physicaUeatures of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, 

Kankakee, Fox, Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, 

Rock River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, 

the wells supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian 

well data and water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Report, United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Charles D. 

Walcott, Director. 1897. 5 parts in 6 volumes. *Pt. IV. Hydrography, x, 

756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33-37. 

Describes Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, 

and Beaver rivers and lesser tributaries of the Ohioin Indiana and Ohio, the streams discharging 

into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the Upper Mississippi through the 

Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper artesian 

wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs and gives 

analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for waterworks, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep well waters; discusses the source and 

quality of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Pts. II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 volumes and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV. Hydrography. $1.85. 

Contains:

*The rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orion, pp. 633-717, pis. 71-73. Describes the principal geologic formations of Ohio and the waters from the different strata; discusses the flowing 

wells at various points and the artesian wells of the deep preglacial channels in Alien, Auglaize, 

and Mercer counties; discusses city and village supplies; gives analyses of waters from various 

formations.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs are of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be obtained from the Geological 

Survey or from the Superintendent of Documents at the prices given. An asterisk (*) indicates that the. 

Survey's stock pf the paper is exhausted. (See Finding lists, pp. 89,118.)

XLI. Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and Ohio basins, by Frank 

Leverett. 1902. 802 pp., 26 pis. $1.75.

Treats of an area extending westward from Genesee Valley in New York across northwestern 

Pennsylvania and Ohio, central and southern Indiana, and southward from Lakes Ontario and 

Erie to Allegheny and Ohio rivers.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.
XVIII PUBLICATIONS.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. 0. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Onondaga County, N. Y., and Hancock and Wood counties, 

Ohio. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Cook County, 111.; Erie County, N. Y.; 

Ottawa, Sandusky, and Summit counties, Ohio; and Manitowoc County, Wis. The wells of 

which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth of underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They will be sold at 

the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate 

applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library 

edition of Folio 186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells 

for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers 

sells for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios in 

the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection

i Index maps showing areas in the St. Lawrence basin covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director XT, S, Geological Survey, Washington, 

D.C.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilization of the water resources. 

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*81. Chicago, Illinois-Indiana.

Describes an area embracing not only the immediate site of the city but adjacent parts of 

Cook, Dupage, and Will counties, 111.; gives an account of the water power, discusses the quality 

of the waters, and gives analyses of waters from artesian wells; gives also a list of papers relating 

to the geology and paleontology of the area.

*140. Milwaukee special, Wisconsin. 5c.

Gives analyses of spring waters and of artesian water in Milwaukee; also tabulated data concerning wells.

155. Ann Arbor, Mich. 25c.

Discusses the present lakes, the lakes of the glacial period, and under "Economic geology," 

the water resources, including the use of the rivers for power and of the underground waters, 

shallow and artesian, for city and village supplies; discusses the quality of the waters, and gives 

details by townships.

*169. W§,tkins Glen-Catatonk, New York.

Includes discussion of water supply at Ithaca.

190. Niagara, N. Y. 50c. either edition.

Gives analyses of mineral water from well at Akron; discusses briefly the municipal supplies 

of Buffalo, Niagara Palls, Tonawanda, La Salle, and Youngstown, and the use of Niagara River 

for power development.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the St. Lawrence River basin are the reports of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, the State Geological Survey of Illinois, 

the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, the New York State Conservation Commission 

and State Water-Supply Commission, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 16). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pubs. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles W. 

Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the Sanitary and Ship canal 

of Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. 

Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Kept., 1901.

Reports of the water resources investigation of Minnesota, by the State Drainage 

Commission, 1909-1912.

Water powers of Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey 

Bull. 20, 1908.
XX PUBLICATIONS.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

1915.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by George W. Rafter: New York State Mus. 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Many of these reports can be obtained from the various commissions, and probably all can be consulted in the public libraries of the 

larger cities.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OP GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports that are not readily classifiable 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide range of hydrologic investigations :

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis. *

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also, storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed ior irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives fesults of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity 

of Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several 

types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives r6sum6 of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901.

72 pp., 14 pis. 15c.

*42. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" gives information concerning temperature, quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States 

are arranged alphabetically. A second, revised, edition was published in 1905 as WaterSupply Paper 149 (q. v.). 5c.

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged, edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motion of underground water; surface and deep 

zones of flow and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the 

shape and position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well; 

describes artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect 

on inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

1903. -192pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly, "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and 

Ohio River basins; contains many analyses.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-ofl, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-ofl.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II ot the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains, in addition to an account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] 

branch of the United States Geological Survey and the reports of the conterence, the following 

papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by 

E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc. 

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.
XXII PUBLICATIONS.

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge 

1905. 285pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of artesian 

flows, and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geologica 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D.W. Johnson. 1905. 55pp. 5c. 

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabrisl, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis.

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell* chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States-by counties'), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions.also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 pp., 

38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorltes, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest: 

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.
XXIV PUBLICATIONS.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses nitration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp. 

2 pis. 20c.

Scopeindicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C.-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States: describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended_matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made 

at Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acidiron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of amount 

and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of The State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by R. E. 

Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes the manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work 

leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is i ndicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by B.. B. Dote and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene 

Tavernier and M. 0. Leighton. 1910.. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement and the French department of agriculture, 

and gives resume" of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp.,17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, 

relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination 

wells and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discussesamount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage of wells, by M. L. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. Clapp, 

with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 

1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, the 

source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, and 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field assays. 

The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The underground 

waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening-, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Kio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo rivers.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.
XXVI PUBLICATIONS.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H.Horton and H.J.Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer, 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c.

*(«) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. K. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. 

Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis.

(c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method of correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by 

C. H. Pierce, pp. 131-139.

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch in December, 1914.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur J. 

Ellis. 1917. 59pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125-173. 

PI. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

* Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 375-561, pis. 107-146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.
PUBLICATIONS. ' XXVII

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. 111-145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief history of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; 

discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of. 

supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director! 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. I iscusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 

vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v, 958 pp., 127 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6-16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous media, and through 

sand, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow .of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pis. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahelarivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

 in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular 

study be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus 

from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of 

the subject, traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier 

decades, the similar effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the 

erosion of the soil, and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now 

carrying heavy loads of debris.
XXVIII PUBLICATIONS.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describe the general methods of work; give 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller, 1908. 

44 pp. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from 

the results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, 

silica in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lalsfes and 

St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A= Annual Report; M= Monograph; B= Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper;

G F= Geologic folio.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions....................... AS; B 319; W67, 114

Bibliographies 1 .................................................. W 119, 120, 163

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation.... W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479

Conservation.......................................................... W234,400a

Debris reports.......................................................... P 86, 105

Denudation........................................................... P 72, 105

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods....... P 86; W 1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95, 110, 143,

146,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345 e, 371, 375 c, e, and/, 400 c and d 

Floods.......................................................... W 147, 162, 334

Illinois: Quality of waters......................... A 17 ii; W 194, 236, 239; G F 81

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii; W 236, 239; G F 81

Underground waters................ A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57, 114, 149; G F 81

India: Irrigation.................................................. A 12 ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters................................... A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters.......................................... W 147; M xli; G F 81

Underground waters.... A 18 iv; B 264, 298; W 21, 26, 57, 114, 149, 254; G F 81

Ice measurements................................................ W 146,187, 337

Irrigation, general...................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87, 93, 146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152, 238

Underground waters.................................................. W 1 22

Michigan: Quality of waters................... W 30, 31, 102, 182, 183, 236; G F 155

Surface waters........................................ W 30, 147, 162; G F 155

Underground waters................................. B 264, 298; W 30, 31, 57,

102,114,145,149,160,182,183; G F 155 

Mineral springs: Analyses.................................... A 14 ii; W 364; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc.............................................. A 14 ii.

Lists............................................................ B32; W 114

Minnesota: Quality of waters. ................*...................:.... W 193,236

Surface waters.................................................... W 162,193

Underground waters............................ B 264, 298; W 57, 102, 114, 149

Motions of ground waters............................ A 19 ii; B 319; W 67, 110, 140

New York: Quality of waters........................ W 144, 145, 236; G F 169, 190

Surface waters.................... M xli; W 24, 25, 147, 162, 187; G F 169, 190

Underground waters..... B 264, 298; W 61, 102, 110, 114, 145, 149; G F 169,190

Ohio: Quality of waters............................. A 18iv, 19 iv; W 179, 236, 259

Surface waters.............................................. M xli; W 91, 162

Underground waters.................. A 18 iv, 19 iv; B 264, 298; W 91, 114, 149

Pennsylvania: Surface waters...... '. .................................. W 147,162

Underground waters........................... B 264, 298; WHO, 114, 145, 149

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

2 Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXIX
XXX INDEX BY AEEAS AND SUBJECTS.

Pollution: By industrial wastes............................ W 179,186,189,226,235

By sewage..................................................... W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding.................................................. W 103,152

Indices of........................................................ W 144,160

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation.......... W 3, 22, 72, 79,

103,110,113,114,121,145,152,160,179,185, 

186,189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255,258,315

Sewage disposal and purification....................... W 3,22, 72,113,185,194, 229

Underground water : Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization......................................... W 114, 255, 257

Pollution................................................ W 110,145,160, 258

Vermont: Quality of waters............................................. W 144,236

Surface waters........................................................ W 187

Underground waters...................................... W 102,110,114,149

Windmill papers.................................................. W 8, 20,41,42

Wisconsin: Quality of waters............................................. G F 140

Profile surveys....................................................... W 417

Surface waters............................................... W 156; G F 140

Underground waters..................... B 264, 298; W 61,114,145,149: G F140
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Page.

Aminicon River, Wis............. ix

Auglaize River, Ohio............. xi

Au Sable River, Mich........... xi

Ausable River, N. Y........... xn, xni

Bad River, Wis................. ix

Beaver Bay River, Minn......... ix

Beaver River, N. Y............... xii

Big Chazy River, N. Y........... xn

Black River, N. Y............... xn

Black River, Ohio............... xi

Blanchard River, Ohio........... xi

Black River canal, N. Y........... xn

Boardman River, Mich.......... x

Bog River, N. Y................ xn

Boquet River, N. Y............. xni

Brule River, Minn............... ix

Brule River, Wis. (tributary to

Lake Michigan................. x

Brule River, Wis. (tributary to

Lake Superior)................ ix

Canadice outlet, N. Y........... xi

Canaseraga Creek, N. Y........... xi

Carp River, Micb................. x

Cascade River, Minn............ ix

Cass River, Mich................. xi

Cattaraugus Creek, N. Y.......... xi

Cayuga Lake, N. Y............... xn

Champiain, Lake, Vt............ xn

Chateaugay River, N. Y......... xn

Chazy River, Big, N. Y........... xn

Chittenango Creek, N. Y......... xir

Cloquet River, Minn............. ix

Clyde River, Vt.................. xm

Crockery Creek, Mich............. x

Cuyahoga River, Ohio........... xi

Dead River, Mich................ x

Deer River, N. Y................ xn

Devil Track River, Minn........ ix

Dog River, Vt..,................. xiii

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

East Creek, Vt.................. xm

89873° WSP 434 17 11

Page.

Escanaba River, Mich........... x

Fall Creek, N. Y................. xn

Fawn River, Mich............... x

Fish Creek, N. Y................. xn

Fish Creek, East Branch, N. Y... xn

Fish Creek, West Branch, N. Y... xn

Flint River, Mich............... xi

Fond du Lac River, East Branch

Wis........................... x

Fond du Lac River, West Branch,

Wis........................... x

Forestport feeder, N. Y........... xn

Fox River, Wis.................. x

Genesee River, N. Y............ xi

George, Lake, N. Y............... xm

Grand River, Mich.............. x

Green River, Vt................. xnr

Hemlock Lake, N. Y............. xi

Honeoye Creek, N. Y............ xi

Huntington River, Vt........... xm

Huron River, Mich.............. xi

Iron River, Mich................ x

Kalamazoo River, Mich.......... x

Keshequa Creek, N. Y........... xi

Lake Champiain, Vt.............. xn

Lake George, N. Y............... xra

Lake George outlet, N. Y......... xm

Lamoille River, Vt............... xni

Little River, Vt................. xm

Little Tonawanda Creek, N, Y.... xi

Little Wolf River, Wis............ x

Mad River, Vt................... xm

Manistee River, Mich............ x

Maumee River, Ohio............ xi

Menominee River, Mich., Wis..... x

Mettawee River, N. Y............ xni

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Milwaukee River, Wis........... x

Missisquoi River, Vt. ............ xm

Moose River, N. Y. ............. xn

Moose River, Middle Branch, N. Y. xn

XXXI
XXXII INDEX OF STREAMS.

Page.

Muskegon River, Mich........... x

Niagara River, N. Y.............. xi

Oconto River, Wis................ x

Oneida Creek, N. Y.............. xn

Oneida River, N. Y.............. xn

Onondaga Creek, West Branch,

N.Y........................... xn

Onondaga Lake outlet, N. Y...... xn

Ontonagon River, Mich.......... x

Orwell Brook, N. Y.............. xn

Oswegatchie River, N. Y........ xn

Oswegatchie River, East Branch,

N.Y.......................... xn

Oswegatchie River, West Branch,

N. Y.......................... xn

Oswego River, N. Y.............. xn

Ottawa River, Ohio.............. xi

Otter Creek, Vt-................ xin

Owasco Lake outlet, N. Y........ xn

Perch River, Mich............... x

Peshtigo River, Wis.............. x

Pike River, Wis.................. x

Pine River, Wis.................. x

Poplar River, Minn............... ix

Poultney River, Vt.............. xm

Raquette River, N. Y............ xn

Red Cedar River, Mich........... x

Reeds Springs, Mich............. x

Richelieu River, N. Y............. xn

Rifle River, Mich............... xi

St. Francis River, Quebec.......

St. Joseph River, Ind.............

St. Joseph River, Mich..........

St. Louis River, Minn............

St. Marys River, Ind.............

St. Regis River, N. Y............

Salmon River, N. Y..............

Sandusky River, Ohio............

Saranac River, N. Y.............

Seneca Lake, N. Y................

Seneca River, N. Y..............

Sheboygan River, Wis............

Shiawassee River, Mich..........

Skaneateles Lake and outlet, N. Y. 

Sturgeon River, Mich............

Thunder Bay River, Mich.......

Tiffin River, Ohio................

Tittabawassee River, Mich. ......

Tonawanda Creek, Little, N. Y... 

Tonawanda Creek, N. Y..........

Waupaca River, Wis.............

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Whiteface River, Minn..........

Winooski River, Vt..............

Winooski River, Worcester Branch,

Vt.............................

Wolf River, Little, Wis...........

Wolf River, West Branch, Wis....

Wolf River, Wis..................

Page.

XIII

XI

X

IX

XI

XII 

XII

XI

xn

XII 

XI

X

XI 

XII

X

XI 

XI 

XI 

XI 

XI 

X

IX 

XIII

xm 

x 

x 

x

o