1 

## Stout, Alan

From: Stout, Alan Sent: Friday, October 17, 2014 8:42 AM To: Julia Rege (jrege@globalautomakers.org); gambrozait is@autoalliance.org; Carter, Sarah@ARB Cc: Antonio Fernandez; Olechiw, Michael; Chris Laroo Subject: RE: Updated Tier 3 amendments Attachments: T3 amendments supplement 10 17 2014.doc.docx



### Julia, Giedrius, and Sarah,

Here is another batch of new or modified amendments to the Tier 3 regulations. These items have had v arying degrees of outside review, so it will be good to make sure they all get the attention they deserve to make sur e we’re on track.

We have gotten word from OMB that they will not be reviewing the rule, and we are very close to having the whole pile of amendments lined up and ready for sending on for final processing, so there is a good (or at least reasonable) chance

that this will be the last set of new ideas we have on this package. That puts us on track for signat ure sometime in January, with the possibility of hitting that targe t a month sooner or later depending on how smoothly things go.

We haven’t reached a final decision on the earlier question about making the pair of changes to bring coastdown procedures back to current practice. Stay tuned fo r more on that.

Let me know if anything here raises any questions o r concerns.

Alan

From: Stout, Alan

Sent: Friday, September 19, 2014 8:32 AM

To: Julia Rege (jrege@globalautomakers.org); 'gambroza itis@autoalliance.org'; 'Carter, Sarah@ARB'

Cc: Antonio Fernandez; Olechiw, Michael Subject: Updated Tier 3 amendments

Julia, Giedrius, and Sarah, The attached file includes updated regulatory langu age for our direct final rulemaking. Additional ed its since our July 7 version are noted. The change in §600.117 probably warrants some extra attention, but most of the oth er changes are not especially noteworthy; in any case, w e wanted to get a complete set out to you to make s ure we don’t find ourselves with any surprises later. I’m not sure this would need the full-scale distribution for review, but I will leave that to your collective judgment.

This doesn’t address the coastdown issue, which I u nderstand is still something to figure out.

There is no real deadline for responding. We’ll mo ve ahead with what we have. If you find something that needs attention along the way, let us know and we’ll do o ur best to work things out. There have been some m inor complications in other parts of the direct final ru le, and we still need to go through the bureaucrati c stages of review as we work our way toward signature. At this point, I ’m expecting to get the rule signed in February, th ough I could be off by a month or two in either direction.

AlanPART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE H IGHWAY

VEHICLES AND ENGINES
1001. The authority citation for part 86 continues to rea d as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A—[Amended]

1002. Section 86.007-30 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(C) and (a)(4)(iv)(C) to
read as follows: §86.007-30 Certification. (a) * * * (4) * * * (iii)* * * (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving writte n notice from EPA or a State or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultima te purchaser residing in a designated highaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section that a dealer may have improperly sold or d elivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the d ealer in writing of the requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the de aler that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet high-altitude requirements may b e contrary to the terms of its franchise agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2 108 of this chapter

. (iv) * * * (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving writte n notice from EPA or a state or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimat e purchaser residing in a designated lowaltitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this section that a dealer may have improperly sold or d elivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate purchasers so residing, reminding the d ealer in writing of the requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the de aler that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet low-altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of §85.2 108 of this chapter

. * * * * *

Subpart B—[Amended]

1003. Section 86.101 is amended by revising paragraphs (b )(1) and (b)(3) to read as follows: § 86.101 General applicability.
* * * * * (b) * * * (1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineeri ng judgement, elements of both. For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the ma nufacturer's selected procedures fordetermining road load parameters and applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria (either § 86.115-78 or 40 CFR 1066.425(c)) . For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the specified procedures. As allowed und er this part, manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compl iance with emission standards, without regard to the provisions of this section.
* * * * * (3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers m ust use the test procedures specified in paragraph (d) of this section. Manufacturers may continue to use data based on the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this secti on for an engine family in 2022 and later model years, as long as the engine family is eligible for certification with carryover emission data.
* * * * *

1004. Section 86.132-96 is amended by adding paragraph (h )(1)(iv)(C) to read as follows: §86.132-96 Vehicle preconditioning.
* * * * * (h) * * * (1) * * * (iv) * * * (C) Perform the purge steps in this paragraph (h)(1 )(iv) using dry nitrogen or air controlled to an absolute humidity at or below 25 grains per pound d ry air.
* * * * *

Subpart C—[Amended]

1005. Section 86.201 is revised to read as follows: § 86.201 General applicability. (a) Vehicles are subject to cold temperature testin g requirements as described in subpart S of this part and 40 CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. (b) Migration to 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066. This subp art transitions to rely on the test procedure specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1 066 as follows: (1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA wil l use the manufacturer's selected procedures for applying acceptable speed-tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the specified p rocedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without regard to the prov isions of this section. (2) For vehicles certified before model year 2022 t o any of the Tier 3 emission standards specified in subpart S of this part, manufacturers must determine overall driver accuracy based on driven cycle energy as described in 40 CFR 1066.425(j). (c) Interim procedures. Through model year 2021, m anufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published co ld temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures. Commented [CAL1]: Late add.

Commented [SA2]: Late add.

Commented [SA3]: late add.(d) Long-term procedures. Starting in model year 2 022, perform testing to measure CO and

NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as descri bed in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. We may approve the use of previou sly published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures for lat er model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Perform intermediate temperature testing as follows : (1) For testing during ambient temperatures of less than 50 °F (10 °C), perform testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H. (2) For testing at temperatures of 50 °F (10 °C) or higher, perform FTP testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066. (c) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may cert ify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published cold temperature and intermediate temperature testing procedures for lat er model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). ( de ) Section 86.213 describes special provisions relat ed to test fuel specifications.
* * * * *

Subpart S—General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution From New and InUse Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty
Vehicles
1006. The heading for subpart S is revised as set forth a bove.

1007. Section 86.1801-12 is amended as follows: a. By revising paragraph (a)(2)(ii). b. By adding paragraph (a)(2)(iii). c. By revising paragraph (a)(3) introductory text. d. By removing paragraph (a)(4). e. By redesignating paragraph (a)(5) as paragraph ( a)(4). § 86.1801-12 Applicability.
* * * * * (a) * * * (2) * * * (ii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as spe cified in 40 CFR part s 1036 and 1037 instead of the standards specified in this subpart.

(iii) The provisions of this subpart are optional f or diesel-fueled Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles in a given model year if those vehicles are equippe d with engines certified to the appropriate standards in § 86.007-11 for which less than half o f the engine family’s sales for the model year in the United States are for complete Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles. This includes engines sold to all vehicle manufacturers. If you are the original manufacturer of the engine and the vehicle, base this showing on your sales informatio n. If you manufacture the vehicle but are not the original manufacturer of the engine, you mu st use your best estimate of the original
manufacturer's sales information.

(3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles or to complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see sub part A of this part and 40 CFR part s 1036 and 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehic les in the following cases:
* * * * * Commented [SA4]: Late add.

Commented [SA5]: Copied in from (a)(4).1008. Section 86.1803-01 is amended by revising the defin ition of “Averaging set” to read as

follows: §86.1803-01 Definitions.
* * * * * Averaging set

means a category or subcategory of complete heavy-duty vehicles within which test groups can average and trade emission cr edits with one another.
* * * * *

1009. Section 86.1805-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (a) and (c) to read as follows: § 86.1805-17 Useful life. (a) General provisions. The useful life values spec ified in this section apply for all exhaust, evaporative, refueling, and OBD emission requiremen ts described in this subpart, except for standards that are specified to apply only at certi fication. These useful life requirements also apply to all air conditioning leakage credits, air conditioning efficiency credits, and other credit programs used by the manufacturer to comply with th e fleet-average CO 2 emission standards in § 86.1818. Useful life values are specified as a giv en number of calendar years or and miles of driving, whichever comes first. (b) Greenhouse gas pollutants. The emission standa rds in § 86.1818 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120,000 miles for LDV and LLDT and 11 year s or 120,000 miles for HLDT and

HDVMDPV . Manufacturers may alternatively certify based on a longer useful life as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (c) Cold temperature emission standards. The cold t emperature NMHC emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a useful life of 10 years or 120, 000 miles for LDV and LLDTvehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR , and 11 years or 120,000 miles for HLDT and HDVvehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR . The cold temperature CO emission standards in § 86.1811 apply for a useful life of 5 years or 50,000 miles.
* * * * *

1010. Section 86.1806-17 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(8) to read as follows: § 86.1806-17 Onboard diagnostics.
* * * * * (a) * * * (8) Apply thresholds for exhaust emission malfuncti ons from Tier 3 vehicles based on the thresholds calculated for the corresponding bin sta ndards in the California LEV II program as prescribed for the latest model year in 13 CCR 1968.2(e) and (f)(1) through (3) . For example, for Tier 3 Bin 160 standards, apply the threshold t hat applies for the LEV standards. For cases involving Tier 3 standards that have no correspondi ng bin standards from the California LEV II program, use the next highest LEV II bin. For exam ple, for Tier 3 Bin 50 standards, apply the threshold that applies for the ULEV standards. You may apply thresholds that are more stringent than we require under this paragraph (a)(8).
* * * * *

1011. Section 86.1810-01 is amended by revising paragraph (o) to read as follows: § 86.1810-01 General standards; increase in emiss ions; unsafe condition; waivers.
* * * * * Commented [SA6]: Late add.(o) NMOG measurement procedures . Measure NMOG emissions using the procedures descr ibed

in 40 CFR 10661065 .635.
* * * * *

1012. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows: § 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty ve hicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles.
* * * * * (j) Highway NO X exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 1.33 times the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the te st group. Both the measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared.
* * * * *

1013. Section 86.1811-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(2), (b)(8), (b)(9) introductory text, (b)(10), (b)(11), and (c) to read as follows: § 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light -duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
* * * * * (b) * * * (2) Table 1 of this section describes fully phased- in Tier 3 standards that apply as specified in this paragraph (b) for the identified driving sched ules. The FTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis using discrete bin s tandards as described in paragraph (b)(4) of
this section. The bin standards include additional emission standards for high-altitude testing and for CO emissions when testing over the FTP driv ing schedule. The SFTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply on a fleet-average basis as describe d in paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of § 86.1811-17–Fully Phased-in Tier 3 Exha ust Emission Standards (g/mile)
NMOG+NOx PM CO Formaldehyde

FTP 1 SFTP FTP US06 SFTP FTP
0.030 0.050 0.003 0.006 4.2 0.004

1 The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx is 0.026 g/mile for any LDV or and LDT1 test group s certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years i n a given model year. * * * * * (8) The following provisions describe the primary a pproach for phasing in the Tier 3 standards other than PM in 2025 and earlier model y ears: (i) FTP phase-in. The fleet-average FTP emission s tandard for NMOG+NOx phases in over several years as described in this paragraph ( b)(8)(i). You must identify FELs as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and c alculate a fleet-average emission level to show that you meet the FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx that applies for each model year. For model year 2017, do not include ve hicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. Through model year 2019, you may also certify to tr ansitional Bin 85 or Bin 110standards, which consist of all-altitude FTP emissi on standards for NMOG+NOx of

0.085 or 0.110 g/mile, respectively; additional FT P standards for PM, CO, and formaldehyde apply as specified in this section for vehicles certified to Bin 125 standards. Fleet-average FTP emission standards d ecrease through the phase-in period as shown in the following table:

Table 3 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tie r 3 FTP Emission Standards for NMOG+NOx (g/mile)
Model Year LDV, LDT1 —150,000

mile useful life 1 LDV, LDT1— 120,000 mile useful
life 1 LDT2, HLDT

2017 2 0.086 0.073 0.101

2018 0.079 0.067 0.092

2019 0.072 0.061 0.083
2020 0.065 0.055 0.074

2021 0.058 0.049 0.065

2022 0.051 0.043 0.056

2023 0.044 0.037 0.047

2024 0.037 0.031 0.038
2025 0.030 0.026 0.030

1 Vehicles certified to standards based on a useful life of 12 0,000 miles may comply based on the fleet-average standard specified for 150,000 mile useful life in certain circumstances as specified in paragraph (b)(8)(iii)(A) of this section. Calc ulate the adjusted fleet-average standard for LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to standa rds based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years in a given model year by multiplying the s pecified value by 0.85 and rounding to the nearest 0.001 g/mile. Through model year 2019, apply this adjustment only if one or more test groups is certified to Bin 70 or lower standar ds based on a useful life of 120,000 miles or 10 years.

2 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards starting with model year 2018.

(ii) SFTP phase-in. The fleet-average SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOx phases in over several years as described in this paragrap h (b)(8)(ii). You must identify FELs as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section and c alculate a fleet-average emission level to show that you meet the SFTP emission standard fo r NMOG+NOx that applies for each model year. (A) Calculate the fleet-average emission level toge ther for all your light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, except for those certified u sing the provisions of paragraph (b)(8)(ii)(C) of this section. For model year 2017 , do not include vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR (in the numerator or denominator)

. (B) Fleet-average S FTP emission standards decrease through the phase-i n period as shown in the following table: Commented [SA7]: Late add.

Commented [SA8]: From Global.Table 4 of § 86.1811-17—Declining Fleet-Average Tie r 3 SFTP Emission Standards

Model

Year NMOG+NOx

(g/mile)

2017 1 0.103

2018 0.097

2019 0.090

2020 0.083

2021 0.077

2022 0.070
2023 0.063
2024 0.057

2025 0.050

1 Vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR
HLDT and MDPV must meet the Tier 3 standards starting with model year 2018.

(C) You may use the SFTP stand-alone option Option 1 provisions specified in 13 CCR 1961.2(a)(7)(A)1 of the LEV III program to demonstrate compliance with EPA’s SFTP standards. Do not include any such test groups when demonstrating compliance with the phased-in fleet-average SFTP st andards specified in this paragraph (b)(8)(ii). Note that this option is not available for vehicles certified to the transitional bins described in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section. (iii) Interim provisions. (A) For vehicles LDT2 and HLDT certified to bins higher than Bin 70 under this section through model year 2019, the Tier 2 useful life period applies as specified in § 86.1805-12 for all criter ia pollutants other than PM. A similar provisions applies for LDV and LDT1, as des cribed in Table 3 of this section. However, LDV and LDT1 test groups certified to bin standards above Bin 70 through model year 2019 may be included in the same averagi ng set with vehicles meeting standards over a 150,000 mile useful life, notwiths tanding the provisions of §86.1861-17(b)(1)(iii). Any such vehicles you incl ude in the averaging set for 150,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fl eet-average NMOG+NOx standard specified for 150,000 mile useful life; similarly, any such vehicles you include in the averaging set for 120,000 mile useful life are also subject to the fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard specified for 120,000 mile useful life. (B) You may use the E0 test fuel specified in § 86. 113 through model year 2019 for gasoline-fueled vehicles certified to bins higher t han Bin 70. You may not certify these vehicles using carryover data after model yea r 2019. (C) Vehicles must continue to comply with the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1) if they
are certified to transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 sta ndards, or if they are certified based on a fuel without ethanol, or if they are not certi fied to the Tier 3 PM standard. (iv) You may use the alternative phase-in provision s described in paragraph (b)(9) of this
section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust emissio n standards on a different schedule. (9) This paragraph (b)(9) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission standards for vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. If you choose this approach, you must phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that are subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase-in, you must meet the fully phased-in standards specified in thi s paragraph (b) with 40, 70, and 100 Commented [SA9]: Late add.

Commented [SA10]: Proper reference?percent of your projected nationwide sales of all v ehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR that

are subject to this section in model years 2019 thr ough 2021, respectively. Any vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in per iod must continue to comply with the Tier 2 standards in § 86.1811-04(c) and (f), including t he Tier 2 SFTP emission standards for NMHC+NOx and CO for 4,000-mile testing as specified in § 86.1811-04(f)(1). Vehicles subject to Tier 2 standards under this paragraph (b )(9) are subject to the useful life provisions in § 86.1805-12 relative to exhaust emission standa rds. Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(9) mus t meet all the standards that apply throughout the useful life as specified in § 86.180 5-17, and must use the Tier 3 test fuel specified in § 86.113- 1507 . The following exceptions and special provisions apply under this paragraph (b)(9):
* * * * * (10) You may not use credits generated from Tier 2 vehicles for demonstrating compliance with the Tier 3 standards except as specified in th is paragraph (b)(10). You may generate early credits with U.S. sales of Tier 2 vehicles in the two model years before the Tier 3 standards start to apply for a given vehicle model. Vehicles certified to the Tier 2 standards must meet all the Tier 2 requirements in § 86.1811- 10, including the fleet-average Tier 2 standards. Calculate early Tier 3 emission credits as described in § 86.1861 by subtracting the appropriate Tier 2 fleet-average value for FTP emissions of NMOG+NOx from 0.160 g/mile. Calculate your fleet-average value for the model year based on vehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR in 2015, on all sizes of vehicles in 2016, and on vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR in 2017. You may use these early credi ts as described in § 86.1861 for demonstrating compliance with the FTP emission stan dard for NMOG+NOx starting in model year 2017. You may use these early credits interchangeably for vehicles certified based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. For model years 2018 and later,

you may use any remaining these early credits for banking or trading subject to a l imitation based on credits generated in California, as follow s: (i) For the applicable model years in which you gen erate emission credits relative to California’s LEV III fleet-average NMOG+NOx standar d, determine the actual California sales of light-duty vehicles and light-d uty trucks and the actual nationwide
sales of those same vehicles. (Note: If you have a credit deficit in a given mode l year for your LEV III vehicles, apply the provisions of this paragraph (b)(10)(i) based on the appropriate negative credit quantity.) In 2015, count sales only from vehicle models at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR. For each model year, mult iply the credits generated under the California program by the ratio of nationwide v ehicle sales to LEV III vehicle sales to calculate an effective nationwide quantity. Sum th ese results for model years 2015 through 2017. Note that this calculation results i n a maximum credit quantity based on vehicle sales in all states, even though the initia l credit calculation does not include
vehicle sales in California or the section 177 stat es. If you comply with the LEV III standards based on pooled emission credits for Cali fornia and the section 177 states, use those pooled emission credits and corresponding sal es for calculating the maximum credit quantity under this paragraph (b)(10)(i). (ii) You may not use more early credits generated u nder this paragraph (b)(10) for banking or trading to demonstrate compliance with T ier 3 emission standards than the
calculated value of the effective nationwide credit quantity summed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this section. If your generated cred its are greater than this threshold, Commented [SA11]: Late add.determine the ratio by which percentage of your generated early credits that exceed the

threshold. Calculate an adjusted quantity of early credits generated under this paragraph (b)(10) by dividing decreasing the generated credit quantity from each model year by this ratio of generated credits relative to the calculat ed percentage that exceed the applicable threshold. This adjusted quantity of credits may b e used for banking or trading relative to the Tier 3 standards, subject to the five-year cred it life described in § 86.1861. (11) You may certify vehicles to the Tier 3 standar ds starting in model year 2015. To do this, you may either sell all your LEV III vehicle s models nationwide, or you may certify a subset of your fleet to alternate fleet-average emission s tandards as follows: (i) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission standa rds for NMOG+NOx are 0.100 g/mile in 2015 and 0.093 g/mile in 2016 for LDV and LDT1. (ii) The alternate fleet-average FTP emission stand ards for NMOG+NOx are 0.119 g/mile in 2015, 0.110 g/mile in 2016, and 0.101 g/mile in 2017 for LDT2 and HLDT. (iii) The alternate fleet-average SFTP emission sta ndards for NMOG+NOx are 0.140 in 2015 for LDV and LDT1, 0.110 in 2016 for all vehicl es, and 0.103 in 2017 for LDT2 and
HLDT. (iv) The vehicles must meet FTP and SFTP standards for PM as specified in § 86.1811- 04. The PM testing provisions of § 86.1829-01(b)(1 )(iii)(B) apply for these vehicles. (v) Vehicles not certified to the Tier 3 standards in a given model year must meet all the requirements that apply for Tier 2 vehicles in that model year. (vi) For cold temperature testing and for high-alti tude testing, you may use the E0 fuel specified in § 86.113-04(a) or § 86.213 instead of the E10 test fuel specified in § 86.113-
1507

. (vii) Vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(1 1) to a bin standard at or below Bin 70 must be certified to a useful life of 150,000 miles

. (viii) The interim provisions described in paragrap h (b)(8)(iii) of this section apply for vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(11), ex cept that credits generated under this paragraph (b)(11) may be used interchangeably for v ehicles certified based on a useful life of either 120,000 or 150,000 miles. ( ixvii ) For vehicles certified under this paragraph (b)(1 1), you may generate emission credits and use those credits for demonstrating com pliance with Tier 3 standards as described in paragraph (b)(10) of this section.
* * * * * (14) This subpart describes several ways that the t ransition to Final Tier 3 standards applies differently for vehicles above and below 6,000 poun ds GVWR. All these distinctions apply only for LDT. LDV as a category is defined indepen dent of GVWR, so any LDV above 6,000 pounds GVWR are subject to the same provision s that apply for LDV at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR. Where this section refers to “v ehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR”, this should be understood to include LDT above 6,00 0 pounds GVWR and MDPV (or HLDT and MDPV), and to exclude all LDV.
* * * * * (c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard

. NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable FTP bin standard for NMOG+NOx. Demo nstrate compliance with this standard for low-mileage vehicles by applying the appropriat e deterioration factor. For vehicles not Commented [SA12]: Late add.certified to any Tier 3 emission standards specifie d in paragraph (b) of this section, the

provisions of § 86.1811-04(j) apply instead of this paragraph (c).
* * * * *

1014. Section 86.1813-17 is amended by revising paragraph s (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2)(i) to read as
follows: § 86.1813-17 Evaporative and refueling emission s tandards.
* * * * * (a) * * *

(1) * * *

(iv) Emissions are generally measured with a flame ionization detector (FID). In the case of rig, diurnal, hot soak, and running loss testing with E1 0 test fuel, multiply measured (unspeciated) FID values by 1.08 to account for the FID’s reduced response to ethanol. However, yY ou may instead determine total hydrocarbon equivale nt for E10 testing based on speciated measurements as described in § 86.143-96( c). You may use different methods (with or without speciation) for different test ele ments for a given test vehicle; however, Yy ou must always use the same method (with or without speciation) for all diurnal and hot soak of the specified evaporative testing for a given evaporative/refueling family

. In addition, any later testing with vehicles from that evaporative/refueling family must use the same method that was used for the original testing. Similarly, any evaporative/refueling families certified in later model years using carry over data must use the same method that was used for the original testing. We may do testi ng with or without speciation, but we will apply the 1.08 correction factor to unspeciated mea surements for any of these four categories of evaporative emissions only if you also use it to determine your final tes t results.

(2) * * *

(i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal an d hot soak measurements from the two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal tes t sequence is based on a fleet average in a given model year. You must specify a family e mission limit (FEL) for each evaporative family. The FEL serves as the emission standard for the evaporative family with respect to all required diurnal and hot soak t esting. Calculate your fleet-average emission level as described in § 86.1860 based on t he FEL that applies for low-altitude testing to show that you meet the specified standar d. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate fleet-average emission levels based only on emissio n levels for testing with gasoline. You may generate emission credits for banking and t rading and you may use banked or traded credits for demonstrating compliance with th e diurnal plus hot soak emission standard for vehicles required to meet the Tier 3 s tandards, other than electric vehicles and gaseous-fueled vehicles, as described in § 86.1 861 starting in model year 2017. You comply with the emission standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to show that your fleet-average emission level is at o r below the applicable standard. You may exchange credits between or among evaporative f amilies within an averaging set as described in § 86.1861. Separate diurnal plus hot soak emission standards apply for each evaporative/refueling emission family as shown for high-altitude conditions. The sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed th e following fleet-average Tier 3
standards: Commented [SA13]: Late add.

Commented [SA14]: Diurnal and hot soak emissions may not exceed the Tier 3 emission standards, as follows:Table 1 of § 86.1813-17—Tier 3 Diurnal Plus Hot Soa k Emission Standards (grams per

test)

Vehicle category Low-altitude
conditions

— fleet-average High-altitude

conditions

LDV, LDT1 0.300 0.65

LDT2 0.400 0.85

HLDT 0.500 1.15 1

HDV 0.600 1.75

1 1.25 g/test for MDPVs.

* * * * *

1015. Section 86.1816-18 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(1)(ii)(C), (b)(8) introuctory text, (b)(12)(iii), and (c) to read as follows: § 86.1816-18 Emission standards for heavy-duty ve hicles.
* * * * * (b) * * * (1) * * * (ii) * * * (C) For Class 3 vehicles, the Hot LA-92 driving schedule as specified in paragraph (c ) of Appendix I of this part.
* * * * * (8) This paragraph (b)(8) describes an alternative approach to phasing in the Tier 3 emission standards. If you choose this approach, you must p hase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles subject to this section according to this schedule. Under this alternative phase in, you must meet all the standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section according to the phase-in schedule specified in Table 6 of this section based on the indicated percentage of your projected nationwide sales in each model year. These vehicle s must meet the applicable FTP emission
standard for CO and the HD-SFTP emission standards for NMOG+NOx and CO that apply for
Class 2b Bin 170 and Class 3 Bin 230 as described i n paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Any vehicles not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must continue to comply with the gaseous exhaust emission standards in § 86.1816 -08. Each vehicle counting toward the PM phase-in percentage under this paragraph (b)(8) in model years 2019 and 2020 must also be included in the portion of the fleet meeting the Ti er 3 standards for pollutants other than PM. Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in percentag e for any pollutant must use the Tier 3 test fuel specified in § 86.113- 1507 . The following exceptions and special provisions apply under this paragraph (b)(8):
* * * * * (12) * * * (iii) Alternate in-use FTP and HD-SFTP standards fo r NMOG+NOx apply as specified in the following table:Table 7 of § 86.1816-18—Alternate In-use NMOG+NOx S tandards (g/mile)

Class FEL Name FTP HD-SFTP 1

2b Bin 250 0.370 1.120

Bin 200 0.300 1.120
Bin 170 0.250 0.630

Bin 150 0.220 0.630

3 Bin 400 0.600 0.770

Bin 270 0.400 0.770
Bin 230 0.340 0.490
Bin 200 0.300 0.490

1 For Class 2b vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or be low 0.024 hp/pound that are certified to optional standards under paragra phs (b)(2) and (4) of this section, the following alternate in-use HD-S FTP standards for NMOG+NOx apply instead of those identified in the table: 0. 490 g/mile for Bin 150 and Bin 170; and 0.770 g/mile for Bin 200 and Bin 250. Note that
vehicles certified to transitional Tier 3 FTP bins are not subject to HD-SFTP
standards. * * * * * (c) Highway NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standard

. For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 standards specified in paragraph (b) of this sectio n, NMOG+NOx emissions measured on the highway test cycle in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx bin standard for FTP testing. Demonstrate compliance with this standard for lowmileage vehicles by applying the appropriate deteri oration factor.

1016. Section 86.1829-15 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(2) and (e)(9) to read as
follows: § 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requ irements; waivers.
* * * * * (b) * * * (2) Test one EDV in each test group using the FTP

, and SFTP , and HFET test procedures in 40 CFR part 1066 and the HFET test procedures of 40 CFR part 600, su bpart B, to demonstrate compliance with other exhaust emission standards.
* * * * * (e) * * * (9) For Class 3 complete vehicles with fuel tanks exceeding 35 gallons nomin al fuel tank capacity, and for any Class 3 incomplete vehicles, a manufacturer may provide a s tatement in the application for certification that vehicles comply with refueling emission standards instead of submitting test data, consistent with 40 CFR 1037.1 03(c).
* * * * *

1017. Section 86.1844-01 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as follows: §86.1844-01 Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of information upon request.
* * * * * (d) * * * (3) A description of applicable evaporative/refueli ng families and leak families in accordance with the criteria listed in §86.1821-01, or as othe rwise used to group a product line.
* * * * *1018. Section 86.1845-04 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(5), (c)(5), and (f)(2) to read as

follows: § 86.1845-04 Manufacturer in-use verification tes ting requirements.
* * * * * (b) * * * (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpar t B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emiss ion standards under this subpart. Test vehicles subject to applicable exhaust CO 2 emission standards under this subpart shall also b e tested in accordance with the HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B, of this chapter

. (ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mM anufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at leas t 50 percent of the vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section. (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manuf acturers must demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, if applicable, as described in this paragraph (b)(5)(iii). Manufacturers must evaluate each vehi cle tested under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section, except that leak testing is not required f or vehicles tested under paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, m anufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manu facturers may rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as follows: (A) A vehicle is considered to pass the leak test i f the OBD system completed a leak check within the previous 750 miles of driving without sh owing a leak fault code. (B) Whether or not a vehicle’s OBD system has compl eted a leak check within the previous 750 miles of driving, the manufacturer may operate the vehicle as needed to force the OBD system to perform a leak check. If the OBD leak ch eck does not show a leak fault, the vehicle is considered to pass the leak test. (C) If the most recent OBD leak check from paragrap h (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section shows a leak-related fault code as specified in § 8 6.1806-17(b), the vehicle is presumed to have failed the leak test. Manufacturers may perfo rm the leak measurement procedure
described in 40 CFR 1066.985 for an official result to replace the finding from the OBD leak
check. (D) Manufacturers may not perform repeat OBD checks or leak measurements to over-ride a failure under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(C) of this sect ion. (iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehic le of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diu rnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of ea ch evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evap orative emission and refueling emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, whe n such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refuelin g testing requirement of this paragraph (b)(5)( ivii ) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and Table S04–07 in pa ragraph (b)(3) of this section for testingunder paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if t he vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions

under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of th is section.
* * * * * (c) * * * (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the FTP and the US06 portion of the SFTP as described in subpart B of this part when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards under th is subpart. Test vehicles subject to applicable
exhaust CO 2 emission standards under this subpart shall also b e tested in accordance with the
HFET as described in 40 CFR 1066.840part 600, subpart B . One test vehicle from each test group shall be tested over the FTP at high altitude . The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not required to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is counted when determining the compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04– 06 and Table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this sec tion or the expanded sample size as provided for in this paragraph (c). (ii) For vehicles subject to Tier 3 PM standards, mM anufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06 driving schedules for at leas t 50 percent of the vehicles tested under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section. (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manuf acturers must evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section to demons trate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in § 86.1813, except that leak testing is not required for vehicles tested under paragraph (c)(5)(iv) of this section for diurnal emissions. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as described in parag raph ( bc )(5)(iii) of this section. (iv) For nongaseous-fueled vehicles, one test vehic le of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the supplemental 2-diu rnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, whe n such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseousfueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporati ve/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evapora tive emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is t ested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of th is paragraph ( cb )(5)( ivii ) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of v ehicles as specified in Table S04–06 and table S04–07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section fo r testing under paragraph ( cb )(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exha ust emissions under the requirements of paragraph ( cb )(5)(i) of this section.
* * * * * (f) * * * (2) For flexible-fueled vehicles certified to NMOG (or NMOG+NOx) standards, the manufacturer may ask for EPA approval to demonstrat e compliance using an equivalent NMOG
emission result calculated from a ratio of ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions to gasoline NMHC
exhaust emissions. Ethanol NMOG exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the ethanol test fuel, expressed as NMOG. Gasoline NMH C exhaust emissions are measured values from testing with the gasoline test fuel, expressed as NMHC. This ratio must be established during certification for each emission-data vehicle for the applicable test group. Use good engineering judgment to establish a different ratio for each duty cycle or test interval asappropriate. Identify the ratio values you develop under this paragraph (f)( 21 ) and describe the

duty cycle or test interval to which they apply in the Part II application for certification. Calculate the equivalent NMOG emission result by mu ltiplying the measured gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions for a given duty cycle or test in terval by the appropriate ratio.
* * * * *

1019. Section 86.1846-01 is amended by revising paragraph s (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) to read as
follows: § 86.1846-01 Manufacturer in-use confirmatory tes ting requirements.
* * * * * (b) * * * (1) * * * (i) Additional testing is not required under this p aragraph (b)(1) based on Supplemental FTP testing or evaporative/refueling testing. Testing c onducted at high altitude under the requirements of § 86.1845-04( cb ) will be included in determining if a test group m eets the criteria triggering the testing required under this section. (ii) The vehicle tested under the requirements of § 86.1845–04(c)(2) with a minimum odometer miles reading of 105,000 miles or 75% of useful life , whichever is less, will not be included in determining if a test group meets the triggering cr iteria.
* * * * *

1020. Section 86.1861-17 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: § 86.1861-17 How do the NMOG+NOx and evaporative emission credit programs work?
* * * * * (a) Calculate emission credits as described in this paragraph (a) instead of using the provisions of 40 CFR 1037.705. Calculate positive or negative em ission credits relative to the applicable fleetaverage standard. Calculate positive emission cred its if your fleet-average level is below the standard. Calculate negative emission credits if y our fleet-average value is above the standard. Calculate credits separately for each type of stand ard and for each averaging set. Calculate emission credits using the following equation, roun ded to the nearest whole number:



### [ ] Emissioncredit Volume Fleet average standard Fleet averagevalue

= ⋅ −

Where:

Emission credit

= The positive or negative credit for each discret e fleet-average standard, in units of vehicle-grams per mile for NMOG+NOx and ve hicle-grams per test for evaporative
emissions.

Volume = Sales volume in a given model year from the coll ection of test groups or evaporative families covered by the fleet-average value, as des cribed in § 86.1860. (b) The following restrictions apply instead of tho se specified in 40 CFR 1037.740: (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)( 23 ) of this section, emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set, as follows: (i) HDV represent a separate averaging set with res pect to all emission standards. (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of thi s section, LDV and LDT certified to standards based on a useful life of 150,000 miles a nd 15 years together represent a single Commented [SA15]: Add multiplication symbol in equation (FR left it out).averaging set with respect to all NMOG+NOx emission standards. Note that FTP and

SFTP credits are not interchangeable. (iii) LDV and LDT1 certified to standards based on a useful life of 120,000 miles and 10 years together represent a single averaging set wit h respect to NMOG+NOx emission
standards. Note that FTP and SFTP credits are not interchangeable. (iv) The following separate averaging sets apply fo r evaporative emission standards: (A) LDV and LDT1 together represent a single averag ing set. (B) LDT2 represents a single averaging set. (C) HLDT represents a single averaging set. (D) HDV represents a single averaging set.
* * * * *

1021. Appendix I to part 86 is amended by revising paragr aph (c) introductory text to read as
follows:
A PPENDIX I TO P ART 86—D YNAMOMETER S CHEDULES * * * * * (c) EPA driving schedule for class 3 heavy-duty veh icles. This driving schedule is also known as the LA-92 cycle. The first 1,435 seconds are the Hot LA-92 driving schedule.
* * * * *

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EM ISSIONS OF
MOTOR VEHICLES
1022. The authority citation for part 600 continues to re ad as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58

.

Subpart B—[Amended]

1023. Section 600.117 is amended by revising paragraphs ( b) and (c) to read as follows: § 600.117 Interim provisions.
* * * * * (b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles com ply with Tier 3 emission standards as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy testing for all the applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to meet a Tier 3 emission standard using the gasoli ne test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California ) to demonstrate compliance with all applicable emission standards over that test cy cle. (c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants over all five test cycles using the Tier 3 test fue l specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) , the manufacturer may use test data with the same test fuel to determine whether a the derived five-cycle calculations to demonstrate compliance with greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fue l economy values. This also applies for fuel economy labeling, as long as the test group meets the criteria described in § 600.11 5 for derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling

. Such vV ehicles may be tested over the FTP and HFET cycles with the test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) under this paragraph ( cb ) ; Commented [SA16]: Late changes highlighed.the vehicles must meet the Tier 3 emission standards over those test cycles as described in

paragraph (b) of this section

. * * * * *

## Supplemental Tier 3 amendments

October 17, 2014

§ 86.1811-17 Exhaust emission standards for light -duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * (g) Cold temperature exhaust emission standards . The following standards in this paragraph (g) apply for certification and in-use vehicles tested over the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part , for testing at both low-altitude conditions and h igh-altitude conditions.: These standards apply only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles must comply with requirements using gasoline only. Test ing with other fuels such as a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend, and testing on diesel vehic les, is not required. (1) Cold temperature CO standards

. These cold temperature CO standards are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. These standards apply fo r testing at low-altitude conditions and highaltitude conditions. Cold temperature CO exhaust emission standards appl y when measured using the test procedures specified in subpart C of this part, as follows: (i) For LDV and LDT1, the standard is 10.0 g/mile C O. (ii) For LDT2, LDT3 and LDT4, the standard is 12.5 grams per mile CO. (2) Cold temperature NMHC standards . Fleet average cold temperature NMHC standards apply as follows: are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles, and apply equally to certificattion and in-use except as otherwise specified in § 86.1811-1 0(u) for in-use standards for applicable phasein models. Testing with other fuels such as a high- level ethanol-gasoline blend, or testing on diesel vehicles, is not required. Multi-fuel, bi-fu el or dual-fuel vehicles must comply with requirements using gasoline only.
* * * * *

§ 86.1829-15 Durability and emission testing requ irements; waivers.
* * * * * (d) * * * (1) For vehicles subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in §§ 86.1811, a manufacturer may provide a statement in the application for certific ation that vehicles comply with applicable PM standards instead of submitting PM test data for a certain number of vehicles. However,
each manufacturer must test vehicles from a minimum number of durability data groups as follows: (i) Manufacturers with a single durability data group subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for that grou p. (ii) Manufacturers with two to eight durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least two durability data groups each model year. EPA will work with the manufactur er to select durability data groups for testing, with the general expectation that test ing will rotate to cover a manufacturer’s whole product line over time. If a durability data group has been certified in an earlier model year based on submitted PM data, and that dur ability data group is eligible for

## certification using carryover test data, that carry over data may count toward meeting the

requirements of this paragraph (d)(1), subject to t he selection of durability data groups. (iii) Manufacturers with nine or more durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 PM standards in § 86.1811 must submit PM test data for at least 25 percent of those durability data groups each model year. We will work with the manufacturer to select durability data groups for testing as described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section.
* * * * *

§ 1066.305 Coastdown pP rocedures for specifying road-load forces for motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. (a) For motor vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, develop representative road-load
coefficients to characterize each test vehicle that will be covered by a certificate of conformit y

. Calculate road-load target coefficients by performing coastdown test s using the provisions of
SAE J1263 and SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in §1066.1010)

. You may use other methods, such as equivalent test procedures or anal ytical modeling, to characterize road load using good engineering judgment. Determine dynamom eter settings to simulate the road-load profile represented by these road-load target coeff icients as described in §1066.315. Perform coastdowns at a starting speed as specified in SAE J2263, Supply representative road-load forces for each vehicle at speeds above 15 km/hr (9.3 mph) , and up to 115 km/hr (71.5 mph) or at the highest speed from the range of applicable duty cyc les. (b) For cold temperature testing described in subpa rt H of this part, determine road-load target coefficients using one of the following methods: (1) You may perform coastdown tests or use other me thods to characterize road load as described in paragraph (a) of this section based on vehicle operation at a nominal ambient temperature of -7 °C (20 °F). (2) You may multiply each of the road-load target c oefficients determined using the procedures described in paragraph (a) of this section by 1.1 t o approximate a 10 percent decrease in

coastdown time for the test vehicle. Use the same r oad-load coefficients for all duty cycles. However, if your test conditions are substantially different from the conditions represented by your road-load coefficients, such as cold temperatu re testing, you may use good engineering judgment to develop separate road-load coefficients

.

§ 1066.710 Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO and NMHC emissions and determining fuel economy.
* * * * * (c) Heater and defroster. During the test, operate the vehicle's interior cl imate control system with the heat on and set to primarily defrost the f ront window. Turn air conditioning off. You may not use any supplemental auxiliary heat during this testing. You may set the heater to any temperature and fan setting during vehicle precondi tioning. (1) Manual controlly controlled systems

. Unless you rely on automatic control as specified i n paragraph (c)(2) of this section, take the followin g steps to control heater settings: (i) Set the climate control system as follows before th e first acceleration (t=20 s), or before starting the vehicle if the climate control system allows it:Prior to the first acceleration, 20

## seconds after the start of the UDDS, set the climat e control as follows (these settings may be

initiated prior to starting the vehicle if allowed by the vehicle's climate control system): (A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. For automatic control systems running in manual mode, set the heater control to 72 °F or hig her. (B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed to full off or the lowest availa ble speed if a full off position is
not available. (C) Airflow direction. Direct airflow to the front window (window defrost mode). (D) Air source. If independently controllable, set the system to d raw in outside air. (ii) At the second idle of the test cycle, which oc curs 125 seconds after the start of the test, set the fan speed to maximum. Complete by 130 seconds a fter the start of the test. Leave temperature and air source settings unchanged. (iii) At the sixth idle of the test interval, which occurs at the deceleration to zero miles per hour 505 seconds after the start of the test, set the fa n speed to the lowest setting that maintains air flow. Complete these changes by 510 seconds after t he start of the test. You may use different vent and fan speed settings for the remainder of th e test. Leave the temperature and air source settings unchanged. (2) Automatic control systems

. For vehicles with automatic control systems running in automatic
mode

, you may follow the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) o f this section or you may set the temperature to 72 °F and the air flow control to th e front window defrost mode for the whole

test. (3) Multiple-zone systems. For vehicles that have separate driver and passeng er controls or separate front and rear controls, you must set all temperature and fan controls as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, except t hat rear controls need not be set to defrost the
front window. (4) Alternative test procedures. We may approve the use of other settings under 40 CFR 86.1840 if a vehicle's climate control system is not compat ible with the provisions of this section.
* * * * *