69–006 

110TH CONGRESS REPT. 110–708 " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session Part 1 

NUCLEAR FORENSICS AND ATTRIBUTION ACT 

JUNE 11, 2008.—Ordered to be printed 

Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, from the Committee on Homeland 

Security, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 2631] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Homeland Security, to whom was referred the 

bill (H.R. 2631) to strengthen efforts in the Department of Homeland Security to develop nuclear forensics capabilities to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material, having considered the 

same, report favorably thereon with amendments and recommend 

that the bill as amended do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Purpose and Summary ............................................................................................ 4 

Background and Need for Legislation .................................................................... 4 

Hearings ................................................................................................................... 4 

Committee Consideration ........................................................................................ 4 

Committee Votes ...................................................................................................... 5 

Committee Oversight Findings ............................................................................... 5 

New Budget Authority, Entitlement Authority, and Tax Expenditures ............. 5 

Congressional Budget Office Estimate ................................................................... 5 

Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives .................................... 6 

Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited Tariff Benefits ... 6 

Federal Mandates Statement ................................................................................. 7 

Advisory Committee Statement .............................................................................. 7 

Constitutional Authority Statement ...................................................................... 7 

Applicability to Legislative Branch ........................................................................ 7 

Section-by-Section Analysis of the Legislation ...................................................... 7 

Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported ..................................... 8 

Committee Correspondence .................................................................................... 11 

The amendments are as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act’’. 


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SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

Congress finds the following: 

(1) The threat of a nuclear terrorist attack on American interests, both domestic and abroad, is one of the most serious threats to the national security 

of the United States. In the wake of an attack, attribution of responsibility 

would be of utmost importance. Because of the destructive power of the weapon, 

there could be little forensic evidence except the radioactive material in the 

bomb itself. 

(2) Through advanced nuclear forensics, using both existing techniques and 

those under development, it may be possible to identify the source and pathway 

of a weapon or material after it is interdicted or detonated. Though identifying 

intercepted smuggled material is now possible in some cases, pre-detonation 

forensics is a relatively undeveloped field. The post-detonation nuclear forensics 

field is also immature, and the challenges are compounded by the pressures and 

time constraints of performing forensics after a nuclear or radiological attack. 

(3) A robust and well-known capability to identify the source of nuclear or radiological material intended for or used in an act of terror could also deter prospective proliferators. Furthermore, the threat of effective attribution could 

compel improved security at material storage facilities, preventing the unwitting transfer of nuclear or radiological materials. 

(4)(A) In order to identify special nuclear material and other radioactive materials confidently, it is necessary to have a robust capability to acquire samples 

in a timely manner, analyze and characterize samples, and compare samples 

against known signatures of nuclear and radiological material. 

(B) Many of the radioisotopes produced in the detonation of a nuclear device 

have short half-lives, so the timely acquisition of samples is of the utmost importance. Over the past several decades, the ability of the United States to 

gather atmospheric samples—often the preferred method of sample acquisition 

has diminished. This ability must be restored and modern techniques that could 

complement or replace existing techniques should be pursued. 

(C) The discipline of pre-detonation forensics is a relatively undeveloped field. 

The radiation associated with a nuclear or radiological device may affect traditional forensics techniques in unknown ways. In a post-detonation scenario, 

radiochemistry may provide the most useful tools for analysis and characterization of samples. The number of radiochemistry programs and radiochemists in 

United States National Laboratories and universities has dramatically declined 

over the past several decades. The narrowing pipeline of qualified people into 

this critical field is a serious impediment to maintaining a robust and credible 

nuclear forensics program. 

(5) Once samples have been acquired and characterized, it is necessary to 

compare the results against samples of known material from reactors, weapons, 

and enrichment facilities, and from medical, academic, commercial, and other 

facilities containing such materials, throughout the world. Some of these samples are available to the International Atomic Energy Agency through safeguards agreements, and some countries maintain internal sample databases. 

Access to samples in many countries is limited by national security concerns. 

(6) In order to create a sufficient deterrent, it is necessary to have the capability to positively identify the source of nuclear or radiological material, and 

potential traffickers in nuclear or radiological material must be aware of that 

capability. International cooperation may be essential to catalogue all existing 

sources of nuclear or radiological material. 

SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS FOR FORENSICS COOPERATION. 

It is the sense of the Congress that the President should— 

(1) pursue bilateral and multilateral international agreements to establish, or 

seek to establish under the auspices of existing bilateral or multilateral agreements, an international framework for determining the source of any confiscated nuclear or radiological material or weapon, as well as the source of any 

detonated weapon and the nuclear or radiological material used in such a weapon; 

(2) develop protocols for the data exchange and dissemination of sensitive information relating to nuclear or radiological materials and samples of controlled 

nuclear or radiological materials, to the extent required by the agreements entered into under paragraph (1); and 

(3) develop expedited protocols for the data exchange and dissemination of 

sensitive information needed to publicly identify the source of a nuclear detonation. 


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SEC. 4. RESPONSIBILITIES OF DOMESTIC NUCLEAR DETECTION OFFICE. 

(a) ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES.—Section 1902 of the Homeland Security Act of 

2002 (as redesignated by Public Law 110–53; 6 U.S.C. 592) is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

(B) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (14); and 

(C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following: 

‘‘(10) develop and implement, with the approval of the Secretary and in coordination with the heads of appropriate departments and agencies, methods 

and capabilities to support the attribution of nuclear or radiological material to 

its source when such material is intercepted by the United States, foreign governments, or international bodies or is dispersed in the course of a terrorist attack or other nuclear or radiological explosion; 

‘‘(11) establish, within the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, the National 

Technical Nuclear Forensics Center to provide centralized stewardship, planning, assessment, gap analysis, exercises, improvement, and integration for all 

Federal nuclear forensics activities to ensure an enduring national technical nuclear forensics capability to strengthen the collective response of the United 

States to nuclear terrorism or other nuclear attacks; 

‘‘(12) establish a National Nuclear Forensics Expertise Development Program 

which— 

‘‘(A) is devoted to developing and maintaining a vibrant and enduring 

academic pathway from undergraduate to post-doctorate study in nuclear 

and geochemical science specialties directly relevant to technical nuclear 

forensics, including radiochemistry, geochemistry, nuclear physics, nuclear 

engineering, materials science, and analytical chemistry; and 

‘‘(B) shall— 

‘‘(i) make available for undergraduate study student scholarships, 

with a duration of up to four years per student, which shall include, 

whenever possible, at least one summer internship at a national laboratory or appropriate Federal agency in the field of technical nuclear 

forensics during the course of the student’s undergraduate career; 

‘‘(ii) make available for graduate study student fellowships, with a 

duration of up to five years per student, which— 

‘‘(I) shall include, whenever possible, at least two summer internships at a national laboratory or appropriate Federal agency in the 

field of technical nuclear forensics during the course of the student’s graduate career; and 

‘‘(II) shall require each recipient to commit to serve for two years 

in a post-doctoral position in a technical nuclear forensics-related 

specialty at a national laboratory or appropriate Federal agency 

after graduation; 

‘‘(iii) make available to faculty awards, with a duration of three to 

five years each, to ensure faculty and their graduate students a sustained funding stream; and 

‘‘(iv) place a particular emphasis on reinvigorating technical nuclear 

forensics programs, while encouraging the participation of undergraduate students, graduate students, and university faculty from historically Black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, 

and Tribal Colleges and Universities; 

‘‘(13) provide an annual report to Congress on the activities carried out under 

paragraphs (10), (11), and (12); and’’; and 

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: 

‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

‘‘(1) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘historically 

Black college or university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B institution’ 

in section 322(2) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)). 

‘‘(2) HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘Hispanic-serving institution’ 

has the meaning given that term in section 502 of the Higher Education Act 

of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a). 

‘‘(3) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘Tribal College or University’ 

has the meaning given that term in section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act 

of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b)).’’. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated 

the sum of $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009, 2010, and 2011 to carry 

out paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 1902(a) of the Homeland Security Act 

of 2002, as added by subsection (a) of this section. 

Amend the title so as to read: 


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A bill to strengthen efforts in the Department of Homeland Security to develop 

nuclear forensics capabilities to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material, 

and for other purposes. 

PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

The purpose of H.R. 2631 is to strengthen efforts in the Department of Homeland Security to develop nuclear forensics capabilities 

to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material. 

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

A nuclear device detonated within the United States is the 

gravest threat we face as a Nation. Should such an event occur, 

rapid attribution is critical. Rapid attribution is also important 

should a weapon or special nuclear material be interdicted. A 

strong nuclear forensics capability will act as a deterrent and guide 

possible response to a nuclear incident. This being the case, H.R. 

2631 is a necessary step to strengthen and coordinate United 

States’ nuclear forensics capabilities. 

HEARINGS

On October 10, 2007, the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, 

Cybersecurity and Science and Technology held a hearing on H.R. 

2631, the Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act. The Subcommittee received testimony from Hon. Adam B. Schiff, the Representative in Congress from the Twenty—Ninth District in the 

State of California; Mr. Vayl Oxford, Director, Domestic Nuclear 

Detection Office, Department of Homeland Security; Dr. Steven 

Aoki, Deputy Under Secretary for Counterterrorism, National Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Energy; Mr. Mike 

Evenson, Associate Director for Operations, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Department of Defense; Dr. Vahid Majidi, Assistant 

Director, Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice; Mr. Andrew Grant, 

Acting Director for WMD Terrorism, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Department of State; and Dr. Carol 

Burns, Group Leader, Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. 

COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION

H.R. 2631 was introduced in the House on June 7, 2007, by Mr. 

Schiff, Mr. Langevin, and three original co-sponsors, and referred 

to the Committee on Homeland Security, and in addition to the 

Committee on Foreign Affairs. Within the Committee, H.R. 2631 

was referred to the Subcommittee on Subcommittee on Emerging 

Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology. 

The Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and 

Science and Technology met on October 31, 2007, to consider H.R. 

2631 and forwarded the bill to the Full Committee for consideration, amended, by voice vote. 

The following amendment was offered: 

An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute offered by Mr. 

Langevin, (#1), was AGREED TO by voice vote. 

The title was amended so as to read ‘‘To strengthen efforts 

in the Department of Homeland Security to develop nuclear 


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forensics capabilities to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material, and for other purposes.’’ 

The Committee on Homeland Security considered H.R. 2631 on 

May 20, 2008, and ordered the measure reported to the House with 

a favorable recommendation, as amended, by unanimous consent. 

The following amendment was offered: 

An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute offered by Mr. 

Langevin (#1); was AGREED TO by the unanimous consent. 

COMMITTEE VOTES

Clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires the Committee to list the recorded votes on the motion to report legislation and amendments thereto. 

No recorded votes occurred on H.R. 2631 in the Committee. 

COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS

Pursuant to clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, the Committee has held oversight hearings and 

made findings that are reflected in this report. 

NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY, ENTITLEMENT AUTHORITY, AND TAX

EXPENDITURES

In compliance with clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee finds that H.R. 2631, the 

Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act, would result in no new or 

increased budget authority, entitlement authority, or tax expenditures or revenues. 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE ESTIMATE

The Committee adopts as its own the cost estimate prepared by 

the Director of the Congressional Budget Office pursuant to section 

402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. 

JUNE 3, 2008. 

Hon. BENNIE G. THOMPSON, 

Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 2631, the Nuclear 

Forensics and Attribution Act. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Mark Grabowicz. 

Sincerely, 

PETER R. ORSZAG. 

Enclosure. 

H.R. 2631—Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act 

Summary: H.R. 2631 would authorize the appropriation of $30 

million for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011 for the Domestic 

Nuclear Detection Office in the Department of Homeland Security 

to develop programs to improve nuclear forensics and attribution 

(the process of identifying the source of nuclear or radiological material). CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $90 


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million over the 2009–2013 period, subject to appropriation of the 

authorized amounts. Enacting H.R. 2631 would not affect direct 

spending or revenues. 

H.R. 2631 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) 

and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary impact of S. 2631 is shown in the following table. CBO assumes that the amounts authorized by the bill will be appropriated 

near the start of each fiscal year and that outlays will follow the 

historical rate of spending for similar activities. The costs of this 

legislation fall within budget function 750 (administration of justice). 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009– 

2013 

CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION 

Authorization Level ........................................................... 30 30 30 0 0 90 

Estimated Outlays ............................................................ 9 18 30 21 12 90 

Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 2631 contains 

no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in 

UMRA and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Mark Grabowicz; Impact on 

state, local, and tribal governments: Melissa Merrell; Impact on the 

private sector: Paige Piper/Bach. 

Estimate approved by: Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director 

for Budget Analysis. 

STATEMENT OF GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Pursuant to clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, H.R. 2631 contains the following general performance goals, and objectives, including outcome related goals and 

objectives authorized. 

H.R. 2631 authorizes, in statute, the National Technical Nuclear 

Forensics Center within the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office at 

the Department of Homeland Security. This Office will coordinate 

nuclear forensics efforts across the Federal government, in order to 

ensure information sharing and reduce redundant efforts of the 

various Federal agencies involved in nuclear forensics, to include 

the Departments of Homeland Security, Energy, Defense, Justice, 

and State. This legislation will also help ensure future development 

of the scientific and technical workforce needed to carry out nuclear 

forensics activities. The legislation also promotes international cooperation and information sharing to aide nuclear forensics activities. 

CONGRESSIONAL EARMARKS, LIMITED TAX BENEFITS, AND LIMITED

TARIFF BENEFITS

In compliance with rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Representatives, this bill, as reported, contains no congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in 

clause 9(d), 9(e), or 9(f) of the rule XXI. 


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FEDERAL MANDATES STATEMENT

The Committee adopts as its own the estimate of Federal mandates prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 

pursuant to section 423 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE STATEMENT

No advisory committees within the meaning of section 5(b) of the 

Federal Advisory Committee Act were created by this legislation. 

CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY STATEMENT

Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, the Committee finds that the Constitutional authority for this legislation is provided in Article I, section 8, clause 

1, which grants Congress the power to provide for the common Defense of the United States. 

APPLICABILITY TO LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

The Committee finds that the legislation does not relate to the 

terms and conditions of employment or access to public services or 

accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION

Section 1. Short title 

This section states that this act may be cited as ‘‘The Nuclear 

Forensics and Attribution Act’’. 

Section 2. Findings 

This section sets forth Congressional findings with respect to the 

need for a robust nuclear forensics attribution program since the 

threat of a nuclear terrorist attack is the most serious threat to the 

U.S. 

Section 3. Sense of Congress on international agreements for 

forensics cooperation 

This section expresses the sense of Congress that the President 

should: Pursue bilateral and multilateral agreements with other 

nations to establish an international framework for determining 

the source of any confiscated or detonated nuclear material or 

weapon; develop protocols for the dissemination of sensitive information relating to nuclear materials; and publicly identify the 

source of a nuclear detonation. 

Section 4. Responsibilities of the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office 

This section amends section 1902 of the Homeland Security Act 

of 2002 (Public Law 107–296) to require the Secretary of Homeland 

Security to: Develop and implement, in coordination with other 

Federal agencies, capabilities to support attribution of intercepted 

nuclear or radiological material; establish, within the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office the National Technical Nuclear Forensics 

Center; ensure a nuclear forensics workforce by developing and 

maintaining academic scholarships and fellowships, which include 


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a requirement of service in a field relevant to nuclear forensics 

after completion of education; and report annually to the Congress 

on progress in the mandated areas. 

The Committee recognizes that technical nuclear forensics capabilities exist within several agencies across the U.S. Government, 

including the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, 

the Department of Justice, and the Department of State. The National Technical Nuclear Forensics Office should serve as the coordinator of these efforts to ensure the efficacy of current work and 

that a robust workforce is fostered to support these efforts in the 

future. 

The Committee recognizes the workforce in the technical fields of 

nuclear forensics has been evaporating over the past thirty years. 

Without a qualified workforce, we cannot attain the level of preparedness against the threat of nuclear terrorism the Nation needs. 

The Committee makes special note that the bill, as amended, includes a provision to provide scholarships and fellowships for those 

pursuing careers in technical nuclear forensics. 

Equally important, the bill mandates a two-year commitment of 

service within the Federal technical nuclear forensics workforce for 

fellows of the program after graduation. This will ensure that taxpayers are assured a beneficial return on the Nation’s investment 

in education. 

This section authorizes $30 million for each of the fiscal years 

2009, 2010, and 2011 to carry out the purposes of this measure. 

The Committee notes that the National Technical Nuclear 

Forensics Center (NTNFC) received $15 million in appropriations 

for Fiscal Year 2008 and the request for Fiscal Year 2009 is $17.9 

million. H.R. 2631, as reported, not only requires the Secretary to 

coordinate with other Federal Agencies and countries to enhance 

our Nation’s nuclear forensic capabilities but also places additional 

requirements on the NTNFC to continue to develop and improve 

these capabilities and develop educational programs to ensure a capable workforce. Therefore the Committee supports the authorization of $30 million per year for FY 2009, 2010, and 2011. 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, 

existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): 

HOMELAND SECURITY ACT OF 2002 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE XIX—DOMESTIC NUCLEAR 

DETECTION OFFICE 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 1902. MISSION OF OFFICE. 

(a) MISSION.—The Office shall be responsible for coordinating 

Federal efforts to detect and protect against the unauthorized imVerDate Aug 31 2005 17:08 Jun 12, 2008 Jkt 042638 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR708P1.XXX HR708P1

hsrobinson on PROD1PC76 with HEARING
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portation, possession, storage, transportation, development, or use 

of a nuclear explosive device, fissile material, or radiological material in the United States, and to protect against attack using such 

devices or materials against the people, territory, or interests of the 

United States and, to this end, shall— 

(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(9) further enhance and maintain continuous awareness by 

analyzing information from all Office mission-related detection 

systems; øand¿ 

(10) develop and implement, with the approval of the Secretary and in coordination with the heads of appropriate departments and agencies, methods and capabilities to support 

the attribution of nuclear or radiological material to its source 

when such material is intercepted by the United States, foreign 

governments, or international bodies or is dispersed in the 

course of a terrorist attack or other nuclear or radiological explosion; 

(11) establish, within the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, 

the National Technical Nuclear Forensics Center to provide centralized stewardship, planning, assessment, gap analysis, exercises, improvement, and integration for all Federal nuclear 

forensics activities to ensure an enduring national technical nuclear forensics capability to strengthen the collective response of 

the United States to nuclear terrorism or other nuclear attacks; 

(12) establish a National Nuclear Forensics Expertise Development Program which— 

(A) is devoted to developing and maintaining a vibrant 

and enduring academic pathway from undergraduate to 

post-doctorate study in nuclear and geochemical science 

specialties directly relevant to technical nuclear forensics, 

including radiochemistry, geochemistry, nuclear physics, 

nuclear engineering, materials science, and analytical 

chemistry; and 

(B) shall— 

(i) make available for undergraduate study student 

scholarships, with a duration of up to four years per 

student, which shall include, whenever possible, at 

least one summer internship at a national laboratory 

or appropriate Federal agency in the field of technical 

nuclear forensics during the course of the student’s undergraduate career; 

(ii) make available for graduate study student fellowships, with a duration of up to five years per student, 

which— 

(I) shall include, whenever possible, at least two 

summer internships at a national laboratory or 

appropriate Federal agency in the field of technical 

nuclear forensics during the course of the student’s 

graduate career; and 

(II) shall require each recipient to commit to 

serve for two years in a post-doctoral position in a 

technical nuclear forensics-related specialty at a 

national laboratory or appropriate Federal agency 

after graduation; 


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(iii) make available to faculty awards, with a duration of three to five years each, to ensure faculty and 

their graduate students a sustained funding stream; 

and 

(iv) place a particular emphasis on reinvigorating 

technical nuclear forensics programs, while encouraging the participation of undergraduate students, 

graduate students, and university faculty from historically Black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving 

institutions, and Tribal Colleges and Universities; 

(13) provide an annual report to Congress on the activities 

carried out under paragraphs (10), (11), and (12); and 

ø(10)¿ (14) perform other duties as assigned by the Secretary. 

(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

(1) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term 

‘‘historically Black college or university’’ has the meaning given 

the term ‘‘part B institution’’ in section 322(2) of the Higher 

Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)). 

(2) HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘Hispanicserving institution’’ has the meaning given that term in section 

502 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a). 

(3) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘‘Tribal College or University’’ has the meaning given that term in section 

316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

1059c(b)). 

* * * * * * * 


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