DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 454

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVEK BASIN

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and 

C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the 

STATES OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1919
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms......................................................... 6

Explanation of data........................................................ 7

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 8

Cooperation.............................................................. 9

Division of work.......................................................... " 10

Gaging-station records...................................................... 11

Streams tributary to Lake Superior...................................... 11

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn...................................... 11

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.......................... 12

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.............................. 15

Brule River near Brule, Wis........................................ 17

Bad River near Odanah, Wis....................................... 18

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan.................................... 21

Menominee River below Koss, Mich................................. 21

Pine River near Florence, Wis...................................... 22

Pike River at Amberg, Wis......................................... 25

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis...................... 26

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis...................................... 29

Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstown, Wis........... 30

Wplf River at Keshena, Wis....................................... 37

Wolf River at New London, Wis................................... 39

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis........................... 41

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.................................. 42

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis............................... 44

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis.............................. 46

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis.............................. 48

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111................................. 50

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich................................ 52

Streams tributary to Lake Huron....................................... 53

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich............................. 53

Streams tributary to Lake Erie......................................... 55

Huron River at Barton, Mich...................................... 55

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.................................... 56

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y............................... 57

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... 59

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y............................ 59

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y........................................ 61

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y................................. 63

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............ 65

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.................................. 67

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y.............................. 69

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y....................... 71

Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y......................... 72,

3,
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued. Page,

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y. ............................... 74

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 75

.Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.............................. 76

West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y........... 78

Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................... 79

Black River at Black River, N. Y................................. 81

Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y............................ 83

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y ............. 84

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 86

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................. 88

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y................ 90

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River................................ 91

East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y............ 91

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y............................ 93

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y............ 95

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y................................. 97

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y............................ 99

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y........... 100

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y. .............................. 101

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.............................. 104

West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y. ................ 106

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.................................. 107

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 107

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt..................................... 109

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................. Ill

Dog River at Northfield, Vt....................................... 113

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt................................... 115

Green River at Garfield, Vt......................................... 117

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt................................... 119

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 121

Index.................................................................... 123

Appendix, Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station................. 8

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez..... 9
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIYER

BASH, 1917.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1917.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L. ? p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry-civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

ior the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1917.

1895............................................................. $12,500

1896............................................................. 20,000

1897 to 1900,inclusive........................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive........................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906,inclusive........................................... 200,000

1907............................................................. 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive........................................... 100,000

1911 to 1917, inclusive........................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated'either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgements for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 9.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,240 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1917, 1,180 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. 

In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to

- 5
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1017, PART IV.

precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and 

water power in many sections of the country and will be made available in water-supply papers from time to time. Information in 

regard to publications relating to water resources is presented in the 

appendix to this report.'

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet per square mile, run-off in inches, and acre-feet. They may 

be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing runoff with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determines the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the 

same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall 

if there were no flow.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV. 7 

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1916, and ending September 30, 1917. At the first of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of 

snow, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up; at the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for a 

year beginning October 1, is practically all derived from precipitation 

in that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations (PI. I, B) consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PI. II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general 

methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river 

discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from which the monthly 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid dirunal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily 

discharge is obtained by averaging the discharge at regular intervals 

during the day or by use of the discharge integrator, an instrument 

operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an 

essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height-and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise hi the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the 

average flow hi cubic feet for each second during the month. On 

this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are denned on page 6, are based.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy 

of observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation 

of records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added 

to the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is denned, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating table to obtain the daily discharge. 1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. These 

notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual 

measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large 

noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for

i For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59, 1916.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 454 PLATE

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS,

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-S'JPPLY PAPER 454- PLATE II

1. STEVENS. B. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
COOPERATION. 9

stations on streams draining areas in which, the annual rainfall 

is less than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per 

square mile" and'"run-off (depth in inches)" previously published 

by the Survey should be used with caution because of possible 

inherent sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed 

studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected 

to throw new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The work in Minnesota during the year ending September 30, 1917, 

was done with State cooperation under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied in joint resolution 19, which reads as 

follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem: Therefore be it 

Resolved by the house of representatives, the senate concurring. That the State Drainage Commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States 

toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the 

nature of said problem in this State.

The work was carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage 

Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage engineer.

The work in Wisconsin during the year ending September 30, 1917, 

was done in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, 

C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and at certain stations with the following 

organizations: Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co., 

Edward Daniell, general manager (Menominee River below Koss, 

Mich.); United States Army Engineer Corps (Wolf River at New 

London) and Fox River at Rapide Croche Dam; United States Indian 

Office (Wolf River at Keshenas).

The station on Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111., was maintained in cooperation with the State of Illinois through the Rivers 

and Lakes Commission until June 30, 1917, and the Division of 

Waterways of the Department of Public Works, after that date, and 

with the sanitary district of Chicago.

The gage reader for Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., was paid 

by the Eastern Michigan Edison Co., Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, 

Mich.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor, and since July 

1, 1911, with the division of inland waters of the State Conservation 

Commission as provided by an act of the State legislature.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

The water-stage recorder on Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Rochester Railway & Light Co. 

Water-stage recorder on Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., was 

inspected by an employee of the International Paper Co.

The work in Vermont has been carried on in cooperation with the 

the State of Vermont, Horace F. Graham, governor, and Herbert M. 

Mclntosh, State engineer, and at certain stations in cooperation with 

the following organizations and individuals: Vermont Marble Co. 

(Otter Creek at Middlebury); the department of civil engineering of 

Norwich University (Dog River at Northfield); Charles T. Middlebrook, consulting engineer, Albany, N. Y. (Green River at Garfield) t 

Newport Electric Light Co. (Clyde River at West Derby).

DIVISION OF WORK.

Data for stations in the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan drainage 

basins in Minnesota and Wisconsin were collected and prepared for 

publication under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, 

assisted by S. B. Soule", H. C. Beckman, E. L. Williams, R. B. Kilgore, 

F. W. Huels, and J. P. Schwada.

Data for stations in Lake Michigan drainage basins in Illinois were 

collected and prepared for publication, under the general direction 

of W. G. Hoyt, district Engineer, by H. C. Beckman, assisted by 

A. M. Wahl, H. S. Wahl, and Marcia Towle.

For stations in the Lake Huron, the Lake Michigan, and the Lake 

Erie drainage basins in Michigan, data were collected and prepared 

for publication under the direction of A. H. Horton, district engineer; 

assisted by B. J. Peterson.

Data for stations in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

C. C. Covert, district engineer, assisted by O. W. Hartwell, E. D. 

Burchard, A. H. Davison, J. W. Moulton,'W. A.-James, and Helen 

Kimmey.

Data for stations in Vermont were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer, assisted 

by H. W. Fear, Hardin Thweatt, H. H. Khachadoorian, M. R. « 

Stackpole, and Hope Hearn.

The manuscript was assembled by B. J. Peterson.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 11

GAGING-STATION KECOKDS.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 

POPLAR RIVER AT LtTTSEN, MINIS1.

LOCATION. In. sec. 34, T. 60 N., R. 3 W., near post office of Lutsen, Cook County, 

about 750 feet above mouth of river and same distance below State highway 

bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 144 square miles.

RECOBDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1912, to September 30, 1917, when station was 

discontinued. May 6 to November 4, 1911 (gage heights only), at point about 

350 feet downstream from present site.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to rock wall of right bank of stream, in pool between two 

distinct falls; read by C. A. A. Nelson. Gage used prior to August 22, 1912, was 

a vertical staff gage attached to stump on right bank opposite lower point of 

easterly of two islands that divide flow into three channels. No determined 

relation between the two gages.

DISCHABGE MEASUBEMENTS. Made by wading or from a boat about 500 feet below the

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of falls below gage constitutes control. Channel at 

this point is solid rock. Banks not subject to overflow. Point of zero flow, gageheight 0.35 foot.

EXTBEMES OP DISCHABGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.72 feet at 6 p. m. 

June 19 (discharge, 756 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot March 

7-22 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

1912-1917: Maximum state recorded, 4.7 feet at 6 p. m. April 25,1916 (discharge, 

1,390 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot January 4, February 8 and 

13,1913 (discharge, 18 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating 

curve assumed applicable.

REGULATION. Flow in former years controlled to some extent by two dams above the 

station, the nearest being that of the National Paper & Pulp Co., 2J miles above 

mouth of river, but it is believed that the flow for the last three sears was entirely 

natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

18 and 1,040 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. 

Records excellent.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.
12 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2... ............

3...............

4. ....... .......

5. ..............

6... ........... .

7. ..............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14.. .............

15. ........-..--.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30............... si.-.......:.....

Oct.

35

34

34

34

33

31

on

29

00

27

27

27

26

48

86

59

86

7Q

71

65

59

KE

CO

65

67

79

00

80

Nov.

79

78<7K

71

70

70

70

70

70

67

66

66

65

62

60

KQ

55

KQ

49

47

44

43

43

42

40

40

38

OS?

oQ

qa

Dec.

36

qj.

34

34

32

32

00

°,fl

36

36

oe

34

34

33

00

oo

OA

OA

29

29

00

27

27

27

27

oc

oc

25

OK

24

Jan.

9J.

24

24

24

24

24

24

oq

«y>

oq

23

oq

22

22

no

00

99

99

99

22

21

21

21

20

20

20

20

20

Feb.

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

OA

20

OA

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

OA

Mar.

20

20

20

20

20

20

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

in

19

19

19

19

19

OA

20

20

20

20

21

91

21

22

Apr.

23

23

00

28

30

00

37

43

50

83

7°.

61

CO

47

61

70

79

ins

134

159

i w\

136

146

148 i p;n

168

May.

190

280

295

295

325 00 A

378

360

360

342

342

00^

325

qoK

°.9^

qiA

295

295

280

9^9

202

190

168

1 ^Q

150

146

134

134

June.

280

280

240

190

168

190

qfiA

360

295

240

909

202

190

168

146

139

OKO

470

695

645

600

510

qQK

325

325

q9"?

295

265

240

91 f*

July.

240

179

159

265

070

325

265

215

168

168

150

143

146

114

113

114

106

99

RQ

80

78

71

61

55

49

55

62

Aug.

75

62<n

58

114

97

92

114

159

146

103

89

78

71

65

5Q

CO

47

42

00

36

48

102 inn

00

66

CK

46

O?

34

Sept.

39

42

42

42

42

48

48

49

49

30

42

50

60

55

49

47

44

60

62

55

49

4307

qr

34

qr

07

qo

Monthly discharge of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 144 square miles.]

Month.

July. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

86 

79 

36 

24 

20 

22 

168 

378 

695 

378 

159 

62

695

Minimum,

25 

36 

24 

20 

20 

19 

23 

134 

139 

49 

34 

34

19

Mean.

49.8 

56.8 

30.5 

22.3 

20.0 

19.6 

84.0 

265 

307 

151 

75.7 

45.3

94.2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.346 

.394 

.212 

.155 

.139 

.136 

.583 

1.84 

2.13 

1.05 

.526 

.315

.654

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.44 

.24 

.18 

.14 

.16 

.65 

2.12 

2.38 

1.21 

.61 

.35

8.88

WHITEFACE HIVER BELOW MEADOWLANDS, MINN. t

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 53 1ST., R. 19 W., in St. Louis County, half a mile below 

beginning of a decided rapids, 1J miles below Duluth, Missabe & Northern 

Railway bridge; 2J miles below highway bridge on line between sees. 14 and 

23, T. 53 N., R. 19 W., at which station on Whiteface River at Meadowlands waa 

located; 4 miles below mouth of Little Whiteface River, which enters from 

left, and 8 miles above confluence of Whiteface and St. Louis Rivers.
STPEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 13

DRAINAGE AREA. 446 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 28, 1912, to September 30, 1917, when station was 

discontinued. Records June 7, 1909, to Nov. 9, 1912, collected at the station 

at Meadowlands, 2 J miles upstream.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to a horizontal timber fastened to two trees on left bank 

of river, near residence of A. A. Jochim; used for all readings since November 

8, 1914; read by A. A. Jochim. Chain gage attached to a horizontal timber 

fastened to two trees on the same bank but 300 feet upstream from the present 

gage was used from April 28, 1912, to November 7, 1914. Present gage was set 

so as to read the same as,the former one at a stage of 2.85 feel.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway 

bridge or by wading near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists of heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent. Right bank is rather low and is overflowed at extremely 

high stages; left bank high and not subject to overflow. A decided rapids a 

short distance below the gage constitutes the control. Another rapids, above 

the gage, is frequently obstructed by logs, but when there is sufficient water 

to carry them over this rapid they are generally carried also over the lower rapids, 

so that the control is seldom obstructed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.05 feet July 

21 (discharge, 589 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.98 feet at 7 p. m. 

September 26 (discharge, about 27 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 12.0 feet April 21, 1916 (discharge, 

5,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.6 feet at 8.20 a. m. August 31, 

1916 (discharge 15 second-feet). Open-water periods only; minimum flow 

probably much lower at times during the winter.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during the winter.

REGULATION. Flow controlled to a large extent by logging dams above the stations. 

Operation of gates to these dams causes a fluctuation in stage of several feet at 

the gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent except as affected by logs 

and ice. Two rating curves used, one, applicable October 1 to November 18, 

1916, fairly well defined above 92 second-feet; the other, applicable April 15 to 

September 30, 1917, poorly denned throughout. Gage read to quarter-tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table. Mean daily gage height, as determined from two readings daily 

subject to some error on account of rather rapid fluctuation in stage occasioned 

by regulation of flow for log driving. Open-water records at medium and high 

stage fair to good;"low-water records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Sept. 15

Made by 

S.B.SouM...............................................................

R. B. Kilgore.. ..........................................................

3B.

Feet. 

3.40

2.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

322

68

Made from Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway bridge.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whiteface River near Meadowlands, Minn., for period 

Aug. 29,1916, to Sept. 30, 1917.

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept.

1916. 1916 Contd. 

1 ...................... 78 11.............. ........

^.. ..................... 74 }2.... ..................

3.. ............. ........ 82 13.............. --..-.-.

±. .............. ........ 65 U.... ..................

5............... ........ 67 15.............. ........

6 ...................... 79 16.............. ........

1. ...................... 117 17.............. ........

8.....---.....-. ........ 196 18.............. -....-..

9............... .--...-. 224 19.............. ........

10.............. ........ 224 20....-.--..--.. ---..-..

Day.

1916-17. 

1.....................................

4... ................................ .-

5.....................................

7.....................................

g

10................. ....................

11............... ......................

12..................................... 10

14..... ........i.. .....................

15........................... ..........

16.....................................

17.....................................

18.....................................

19.....................................

20.....................................

21.....................................

22.....................................

23.....................................

24.....................................

25.....................................

26.....................................

27.....................................

28.....................................

29.....................................

30.....................................

31.....................................

Oct.

108 

78 

117 

100 

117

117 

108 

108 

108 

100

100 

100 

91

85 

82

86 

91 

92 

73 

84

117 

158 

196 

126 

108

117 

158 

170 

196 

239 

183

Nov.

170 

183 

210 

210 

183

196 

183 

146 

196 

183

210 

210 

108 

108 

183

85 

84 

71

Apr.

144

144 

168 

182 

195 

286

434 

356 

356 

434 

338

356 

338 

303 

286 

434

239 

254 

254 

254 

320

338 

338 

286 

270 

254

Day.

2 

2

2 

2 

2

2 

2

»: 

;

May.

195 

122 

156 

394 

394

286 

476 

320 

270 

224

168 

93 

60 

93 

122

82 

112 

71 

84 

112

102 

122 

79 

112 

93

70 

68 

64 

73 

82 

122

1916 Contd. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

A..............

5..............

>6.. ............

7... ............

». .............

>9.. ............

(0.. ............

June.

144 

74 

93 

144 

182

112 

182 

78 

82 

144

133 

144 

156 

210 

82

84 

133 

112 

122 

168

112 

270 

239 

182 

133

303 

210 

168 

270 

195

July.

93 

195 

224 

84 

93

239 

133 

112 

144 

182

102 

102 

156 

156 

102

224 

122 

144 

102 

270

520 

320 

356 

254 

254

210 

93 

144 

195 

168 

224

Aug.

117 

136 

43

Aug.

168 

254 

239 

195 

182

168 

182 

210 

286 

254

224 

254 

210 

210

168

168 

133 

133 

112 

112

82 

93 

84 

79 

63

60 

63 

76 

102

84 

84

Sept.

254 

196 

196 

196 

210

224 

196 

170 

146 

136

Sept.

93 

102 

102 

156 

93

93 

84 

93 

70 

133

84 

78 

68 

73 

82

102 

84 

73 

59 

46

35 

35 

31 

31 

30

28 

29 

34 

41 

47

NOTE. Daily-discharge record in the above table, Aug. 29 to Sept. 30,1916, supersedes that published 

in Water-Supply Paper 434, p. 16. Gage-height observations, Nov. 19 to Apr. 14, discontinued because of ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 15

Monthly discharge of White/ace River below Meadowlands, Minn.,for the period Aug. 1,

1916, to Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 446 square miles.]

Month.

1916.

1917. 

April 15-30....................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

136 

338 

239 

210

434 

476 

303 

520 

286 

156

Minimum.

46 

67 

73 

71

144

60 

74

84 

60 

28

Mean.

81.4 

198 

120 

162

297 

156 

155 

184 

153 

70.3

Per

square 

mile.

0.183 

.444 

.269 

.363

.666 

.350 

.348 

.413 

.343 

.158

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21

.50 

.31 

.24

.40 

.40 

.39 

.48 

.40 

.18

NOTE. Records of monthly discharge for August and September. 1916. supersede those published in 

Water-Supply Paper 434, p. 16. 

CLOQUET RIVER AT INDEPENDENCE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 52 N., R. 17 W., at highway bridge at Independence, St.

Louis County, just below small tributary entering from right. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 698 square miles. " 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was

discontinued. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge, near left bank of stream;

read by Theodore Haakensen. Gage used prior to October 13,1915, was a vertical

staff attached to upstream end of an old log bulkhead, immediately under the

bridge and at the left bank. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading about one-fourth mile

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent. Banks 

not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES of DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.4 feet October 

19 (discharge, 3,650 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.08 feet April 16, 

17, 18 (discharge, about 78 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.58 feet June 1, 1911 (discharge, 6,010 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.90 feet July 20, 21, 22, 1911 (discharge, 

54 second-feet). The Great Northern Power Co. reported there was no discharge 

from Fish Lake and Island Lake reservoirs April 6-20 and December 1, 1915; 

discharge at Independence estimated at 10 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during the winter. Since January, 1913, the determination of monthly mean 

discharge during winter periods has been based on discharge at outlet of Fish 

Lake reservoir on Cloquet River, in sec. 15, T. 52 N., R. 15 W., and from Island 

Lake reservoir on the Beaver River, in sec. 29, T. 52 N., R. 15 W.

REGULATION. Cloquet River is used extensively for log driving, and the run-off 

from the greater part of the drainage area above Independence is controlled by 

logging dams. The operation of these dams causes rapid fluctuations in stage 

which may amount to several feet in 24 hours.
16 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191Y, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice and possibly 

by logs. Two rating curves used during year, both well defined between 128 

and 4,690 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Mean daily 

gage height determined from two readings daily subject to considerable error on 

account, of rapid fluctuation in stage occasioned by regulation of flow for log 

driving; records are therefore only roughly approximate to fair.

COOPERATION. Records of flow from logging reservoirs December 9 to April 7 furnished by Great Northern Power Co., of Duluth.

Discharge measurements of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date. Made by 

S.B.SoulS.................. .............................................

B. B. Kilgore.............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.36

5.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

AKG

304

, a A few logs near left bank.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

0

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

is

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

22......... .....

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

2»........ .......

30...............

31...............

Oct.

613

613

676

584

554

709

812

1,040

1,600

3,050

2,040

961

176

254

446

291

422

446

3,650

3,490

2,780

1.210

613

709

613

613

613

644

7flo

R44

KZA

Nov.

526

472

526

584

554

584

584

644

613

584

613

676

709

812

848

1,040

1.040

644

676

613

613

777

812

742

777

812

644

613

613

Dec.

613

613

613

676

676

676

613

644

830

Jan.

600

Feb.

1

J

Mar.

480

Apr.

200

139

139

150

128

109

109

109

93

80

80

80

86

139

189

175

203

218

175

128

139

175

175

May.

189

162

175

150

175

175

175

150

139

139

139

118

109

118

101

93

93

93

101

93

93

86

80

80

80

86

101

118

175

263

295

June.

295

333

355

295

248

295

263

175

109

162

263

233

203

248

150

128

128

109

150

248

314

377

263

333

450

450

333

189

109

101

July.

93

109

93

93

86

80

93

93

93

101

109

109

109

109

118

109

109

109

109

189

175

189

175

150

109

86

80

93

109

162

203

Aug.

665

772

450

530

377

355

248

162

118

109

128

162

150

150

150

150

2,520

2,280

3,050

3,050

2,400

314

150

109

109

109

109

118

139

203

425

Sept.

355

OQO

248

91 Q

233

333

OQC

263

OQC

355

oqo

295

295

263

233

189

13Q

128

139

189

218

203

279

425

475

355

401

295

NOTE. Stage^lischarge relation affected by ice Dec. 9 to Apr. 7; gage readings discontinued; discharge 

estimated from records of discharge from Fish Lake and Island Lake reservoirs.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE STJPEEIOB. 17

Monthly discharge of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 698 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,650 

1,040

295 

450 

203 

3,050 

475

3,650

Minimum.

176

472

80 

80 

101 

80 

109 

128

80

Mean.

1,040 

681 

781 

600 

500 

480 

154 

134 

244 

118 

637 

273

471

Per

square 

mile.

1.49 

.976 

1.12 

.860 

.716 

.688 

.221 

.192 

.350 

.169 

.913 

.391

.675

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

^1.72 

1.09 

1.29 

.99 

.75 

.79 

.25 

.22 

.39 

.19 

1.05 

.44

9.17

BUTTLE RIVER NEAR BRtTLE, WIS.

LOCATION. About sec. 26, T. 48 N., R. 10 W., at Brule Outing Club, Douglas County, 

4J miles downstream from Brule and 9 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 162 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 19, 1914, to February 28, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff; low-water section, reading from 0 to'7.9 feet, fastened to downstream side of Brule Outing Club boat landing; high-water section, reading from 

8.0 to 9.9 feet, fastened to tree on shore end of landing; read by Charles Leppanen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat held in place by a wire across the 

river below the gage, or by wading. All measurements are made about 200 feet 

below gage section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel. One channel at all stages. Control formed by head of rapids below gage. Banks wooded; not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.18 feet October 

21 (discharge, 220 second-feet); minimum discharge, February 28, 134 secondfeet (determined by current-meter measurement).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.2 feet April 21, 1916 (discharge, 1,490 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.75 feet at 7 a. m. March 20, 1914 (discharge, 115 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 145 and 1,370 second-feet. Gage read once daily, to 

quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table, except for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which periods it was obtained by applying to rating curve daily gage ' 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

94446° 19 WSP 454 2
18 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Discharge measurements ofBrule River near Brule, Wis., during the year ending Sept, SO,

1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Jan. 26 a, ............................................................................

/

Gage 

height.

met.

4.62

4.08

4.23

Bi9-

charge.

$ec.-ft. 

207

136

134

o Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofBrule River near Brule, Wis., for the period Oct. 1,1915,

to Feb. 28, 1917.

Day.

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

Oct.

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

Nov.

195

195

195

195

195

195

1QK

195

195

195

190

185

 IOE;

Dec.

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

160

160

145

Jan.

i7<;

Feb.

135

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19

20..............

21.............

23.............

25.............

26.............

97

28.............

9O

30.............

01

Oct.

170

170

170

195

220

220

208

195

195

195

195

195

195

195

195

Nov.

180

180

175

175

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

Dec.

145

145

145

145

145

145

160

170

170

180

195

£05

205

195

195

195

Jan.

140

Feb.

135

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 12 to Feb. 28, when station was discontinued.

Monthly discharge of Brule River near Brule, Wis., for the period Oct. 1,1916, to Feb. 28,

1917.

[Drainage area 162 square miles.]

Month.

December ...................... . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

220 

195 

205

Minimum.

170 

170 

145

Mean.

183 

183

169 

157 

135

Per 

square 

mile.

1.13 

1.13 

1.04 

.969 

.833

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.30

1.26 

1.20 

1.12

.87

BAD RIVER NEAR ODANAH, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 25, T. 47 N., E. 3 W., 8 miles upstream from Odanah, Ashland 

County, 12 miles above mouth. Potato Eiver enters from right about 8 miles; 

above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

& Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

EECORDS AVAILABLE. July 31, 1914, to September 30, 1917. ,
STKEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder, installed March 31, 1915, over a 

wooden well, just above first falls above the mouth of river. 'A Gurley waterstage recorder at the same site was used July 31, 1914, to March 31, 1915.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 700 feet upstream from the

CHANNEL AND CONTEOL. Bed of channel is sand and gravel. Rock outcrops at the 

beginning of rapids about 200 feet below the gage form a permanent control. 

During log-driving periods logs may collect on the outcrop and cause backwater 

at the gage. Right bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank of medium 

height and may be overflowed by extremely high water.

EXTEEMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.05 feet at 9 a. m. 

April 21 (discharge, 4,060 second-feet); minimum discharge somewhat less than 

90 second-feet, in February.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.66 feet at 1 a. m. April 22, 1916 (discharge, 12,200 second-feet); minimum discharge occurred in February, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A number of small reservoirs are operated during the early spring and 

summer as an aid to log driving. During such periods the stage may fluctuate 

rapidly.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 80 and 7,270 second-feet; extended above 

7,270 second-feet and may be subject to considerable error. Operation of waterstage recorder only fairly satisfactory from October 1 until ice formed; record 

continuous from April 16 to September 30. Daily discharge October 1 to April 

15 ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by 

planimeter from recorder graph except for the following periods: October 6-12 

and October 2 to November 15, discharge was estimated from records of flow in 

adjoining drainage basins; December 14 to April 15 (stage-discharge relation 

affected by ice), discharge determined from current-meter measurements and 

comparison with records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage basins; discharge 

April 16 to September 30 obtained by discharge integrator. Open-water records 

good except those based on estimates, which are fair; winter records roughly 

approximate.

Discharge measurements of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Dec. 10 o.. ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.58

1.76

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

72

90

Date.

Mar.2o.......................

May 11. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.78

2.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

92

1,270

Complete ice cover.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bad River near Odanah, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

4

5...............

6..... .....

7...............

8.....

9...............

10...............

11.

12..

13... .

14..... . . .

15...............

16...............

17..... .......

18...............

19...............

20...............

21. . .

22. ....

23........... .

24..... .

25...............

26......... .

27.....

28...........

29.....

30............

31...............

Oct.

354

311

258

241

264

250

305

400

435

435

435

456

470

260

Nov.

[270

275

305

275

275

269

247

253

253

241

219

198

264

264

253

241

Dec.

236 9*?n

230

00 A

236

91 Q

ocq

oco

219

iRfi

160

150

1OK

i^n

125

120

110

105

100

100

QT

QC

ne

Q>i

ne

Jan.

95

Feb.

90

Mar.

\ 95

130

Apr.

| 400

700

1,040

1,430

2,010

2,900

3,340

2,800

2,170

1,830

1,710

1,500

1,420

1,690

1,880

2,010

May.

2,160

2,120

2,290

2.4CO

1,930

1,840

1,620

1,570

1 4Aft

1,340

1,240

1,120

1,050

980

890

860

830

840

750

720

680

605

580

490

470

420

420

390

380

390

810

June.

1,820

1,760

1,390

1,450

1,690

1,490

1,920

2.420

1,980

1,590

1,210

1.030

790

660

610

510

470

450

620

1,120

1,100

880

770

640

650

910

930

840

840

730

July.

680

540

460

460

410

670

1,140

1,060

890

680

580

530

540

410

390

380

290

280

280

255

250

250

280

650

84fl

650

450

350

240

250

Aug.

300

280

250

245

' 245

230

200

220

250

275

265

245

240

230

220

215

205

200

200

200

200

200

195

195

94ft

285

9Q>i

305

One

290

97ft

Sept.

250

230

210

195

195

190

190

190

190

190

190

185

190

190

250

300

305

305

300

270

250

240

220

91 ft

195

195

210

260

280

9Q'\

NOTE Gage not in operation Oct. 6-12. Oct. 23 to Nov. 15. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice 

Dec. 12 to Apr. 15.

Monthly discharge of Bad River near Odanah, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

October. ........ . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

November. ........................ . . . .

Mky.. .........................................

July...........................................

The year. ................................. . .

258

3,340

2,400 

2,420 

1,140 

305 

305

3,340

Minimum.

380 

450 

240 

195 

185

Mean.

298 

263 

157 

95 

90 

109 

1,150 

1,090 

1,110 

497 

242 

229

444

Pel 

square 

mile.

0.491 

.433 

.259 

.157 

.148 

.180 

1.89 

1.80 

1.83 

.819 

.399 

.377

.731

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

.48 

.30 

.18 

.15 

.21 

2.11 

2.08 

2.04 

.94 

.46 

.42

9.94
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET IV. 21

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 

MENOMINEE RIVER BELOW KOSS, MICH.

LOCATION,. In sec. 5, T. 33 N., R. 23 E., at "Grand Rapids," about 4 miles below 

Koss, Marinette County, Mich., and 3 miles west of Ingalls, Mich. Little Cedar 

River, draining an area entirely in Michigan, enters from the left about half a 

mile below the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,790 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

DISCHARGE. The flow is computed by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction 

Co., of Menominee, Mich., as follows: Each hour the load on the generators is 

noted and gage heights are read of the head and tail water to determine the head 

on the spillway of the dam and the acting head on the turbines. The flow through 

the turbines for each hour is taken from a table giving the discharge corresponding to load and head. The flow over the spillway is taken from a table computed 

from a weir formula. When water is wasted through the gates the magnitude 

and duration of the gate openings are noted and the quantity wasted is determined from computed tables. The sum of the hourly flow through the turbines 

and over the spillway, plus the quantity wasted through the gates, divided by 

the number of seconds in 24 hours, gives the average discharge in second-feet 

for the day. No account is taken of the water passing through the exciter turbine, nor waste over the "trash gate " at the power house. This quanity is, however, relatively small.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge recorded during year, 13,800 

second-feet April 24; minimum daily discharge recorded, 1,550 second-feet 

February 21.

1913-1917: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 23,200 second-feet, April 23 

and 25, 1916; minimum daily discharge recorded, 1,000 second-feet, June 14, 

1914.

REGULATION. Above the station are the following power plants: Sturgeon Falls, 

owned by Penn. Iron Mining Co., 50 miles; Little Quinnesec, owned by Kimberly Clark Co., 57 miles; Upper Quinnesec, owned by Oliver Iron Mining Co., 

62 miles; Twin Falls, owned by Peninsular Power Co. With the exception of 

the Kimberly Clark dam at Little Quinnesec, the dams furnish power for utility 

and mining uses, so that the flow past the dams is comparatively uniform. The 

Kimberly Clark dam is used for paper mills and regulates the flow on Sundays 

and holidays. The effect of this dam is felt at the stations generally on Tuesdays. 

The monthly flow should represent the natural flow.

ACCURACY. No current-meter measurements have been made by the Survey engineers at this plant, but records of measurements made at Koss, Mich., during the 

year ending September 30, 1914, show a close comparison with the discharge as 

determined at the power house.

COOPERATION. Daily discharge records furnished monthly by Edward Daniell, general manager of the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.
22

Daily

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART iY.

in second-feet, of Menominee River below Koss, Midi., for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25.

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

7,670

6.520

6,370

4,740

4,260

3,910

3,830

3,560

2,820

3,390

3,010

3,100,

3,180

3,340

3,840

4,560

4,660

4,850

5,150

5,420

5,350

5,130

5,150

4,990

4,860

5,310

6,380

6,140

6,830

6,910

7,430

Nov.

7,640

8,130

7,890

7,770

7,330

6,690

6,420

5,660

5,750

6,820

7,590

7,820

7,520

6,860

5,220

3,610

3,460

4,130

4,720

5,290

5,310

5,010

5,220

5,620

2,380

2,260

3 d7fl

3,470

4,240

5,020

Dec.

4,830

4,500

4,200

4,600

5,150

4,480

4,220

4,f90

3,910

3,180

2,360

2,380

2,470

2,480

2,430

2,590

2,270

2,030

2

AAf\

2,460

2,480

2,460

2,570

2,120

2,360

2,400

2,420

2,410

2,380

2,230

Jan.

2,070

2,080

2,370

2,450

2,440

2,510

2,400

2,290

2,400

2,320

2,260

2,210

1 Q^(\

2,250

1,840

1,770

1,900

1 940

l'880

1,650

1,980

1,610

1,560

1,660

1,880

1,910

1 QQrt

2,010

1,960

1,970

1,920

Feb.

1,910

1,860

1,850

1,840

1,780

1,670

1,820

2,050

1,850

1,940

1,810

1,760

1,720

1,720

1,840

1,900

1,880

1,970

1,770

1,710

1,550

1,570

1,720

1,740

2,080

1,780

1,780

1,860

Mar.

1,880

1,570

1,710

1,,603

l"730

1,930

1,860

1,970

1,880

1,790

2,110

1,940

1,760

1,920

1,910

1,840

1,770

1,820

1 7P»fi

1,820

2,030

2,230

2,190

2,550

2,680

2,880

3,180

3,320

3,680

3,730

Apr.

3,970

4,090

4,820

5,140

5,640

5,560

5,890

6,280

6,810

7,220

7,660

7,340

7,490

7,651

7,160

6,230

6,190

5,460

6,560

8,900

10,800

11,000

12,300

13,800

13,700

11,900

10,900

10,200

10,200

10,200

May.

11,000

11,330

11,600

11,600

11,100

10,600

9,790

10,500

8,890

9,770

9,680

7, 850

7,500

7,250

7,340

7,180

7,150

7,210

7,220

7,760

7,420

7,430

6,770

6,900

6,530

5,460

5,280

4,730

4,840

4,530

4,350

June.

4,900

5,460

5,290

5,530

6,900

7,130

9,200

10,300

11,600

13,000

12,100

10,900

9,210

8,150

6,900

6,480

6,020

5,600

4,650

4,920

5,410

6,280

6,450

6,220

5,570

4,650

5,810

7,320

7 140

6,500

July.

5,870

5,310

4,580

5,000

4,350

4,050

4,510

2,960

3,750

3,340

2,780

3,070

3,250

3,370

3,030

3,040

3,260

2,860

2,720

2,600

3,310

2,620

2,540

2,890

2,730

2,710

2,430

2,110

2,580

1,970

1,990

Aug.

2,160

2,030

2,180

2,280

2,330

2,400

2,320

2,880

3,680

3,770

3,560

3,600

3,400

3,960

3,840

3,360

3,140

3,000

2,890

2,870

2,650

2,920

3,410

2,960

2,820

2,500

2,980

2,590

2,860

2,743

3,090

Sept.

3,140

3,320

3,000

2,150

2,520

2,980

2,980

2,790

2,850

2,370

2,110

2,100

2,300

2,550

3,040

3,440

3,720

4,040

3,760

3,590

3,540

3,430

2,960

2,685

2,660

2,440

2,430

2,570

2,460

2,710

Jtfonthty discharge of Menominee River below Koss, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 3,790 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

The year ......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,670 

8,130 

5,150 

2,510 

2,080 

3,730 

13,800 

11,600 

13,000 

5,870 

3,960 

4,040

13,800

Minimum.

2,820 

2,260 

2,030 

1,560 

1,550 

1,570 

3,970 

4,350 

4,650 

1,970 

2,030 

2,100

1,550

Mean.

4,920, 

5,600 

3,010 

2,050 

1,810 

2,160 

8,040 

7,950 

7,190 

3,290 

2,940 

2,890

4,320

Per 

square 

mile.

1.30 

1.48 

.794 

.541 

.478 

.570 

2.12 

2.10 

1.90 

.868 

.776 

.763

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

1.65 

.92 

.62 

.50 

.66 

2.36 

2.42 

2.12 

1.00 

.89 

.85

15.49

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey 

from records of daily discharge furnished by Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.

PINE RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sees. 23 and 26, T. 39 N., R. 17 E., at highway bridge 8 miles southwest of Florence, Florence County, and 12 miles above mouth of river. Popple 

River enters from right about 200 feet above station.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAK:E MICHIGAN. 23

DRAINAGE AREA. 488 a square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch. =6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 22, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to guard rail on upstream side of bridge; read by William 

Taft.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and stones. Left bank high.; not subject 

to overflow; extremely high water may overflow right bank around approach 

to bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.90 feet at noon, 

June 8 (discharge, 2,460 second-feet); minimum estimated discharge 135 secondfeet in January and February.

1914-1917: Maximum recorded stage, 9.25 feet at noon, April 23, 1916 (discharge, about 4,520 second-feet); minimum recorded stage, 1.6 feet, September 

6 and 7, 1915 (discharge, about 118 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. River not used for log driving during year. Gates of a dam below 

remained open throughout the year.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve fairly 

well defined between 200 and 418 second-feet and well defined between 418 

and 1,540 second feet; extension of curve below 200 and above 1,540 secondfeet may be subject to considerable error. Gage read once daily to half-tenths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except 

for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained from results of current-meter measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records good except for extreme high and low 

stages; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Pine River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

' [Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

305..........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.90

3.00

Dis- ' 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

177

179

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.22

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

173

1,060

a Supersedes figure published in previous reports. Revision, based on the fact that Kentuck Lake discharges into Brule River, rather than into Pine River. 

& Complete ice cover.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7.... ...........

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

690

655

620

552

518

451

385

385

385

418

418

451

468

484

518

518

552

552

586

690

690

761

797

869

905

905

869

Nov.

797

761

725

690

690

725

761

761

797

797

761

725

690

690

690

725

760

760

725

fion

655

620

552

518

586

552

552

Dec.

518

518

484

451

418

418

385

385

370

370

OCA

335

320

OAK

305

285

255

225

O1 ft

1QC

180

180

180

180

Jan.

175

175

190

200

200

200

200

onn

200

195

1QK

210

99ft

220

200

160

160

i xn

135

145

155

165

180

Feb.

160

145

ice

165

180

190

lae

200

180

180

165

150

150

150

160

145

140

140

140

1QE

150

160

155

170

180

175

Mar.

170

155

140

170

171

185

190

195

200

210

91 1

220

225

235

250

265

275

285

305

QQE

350

385

420

470

520

585

640

690

Apr.

745

850

QAK

975

995

1,010

1,010

975

940

725

638

552

484

,468

451

588

725

1,090

1,330

1 380

l'290

1,250

1,210

1,130

1,130

1,090

1,290

1,330

May.

1,380

1,290

1,330

1,380

1,430

1 430

1,540

1,540

1,330

1,290

1,250

1,210

1,210

1,170

1,130

1,050

977

905

869

833

797

1,050

977

941

905

June.

905

869

905

941

1 430

l'780

2,460

2,240

2,100

1,720

1,540

1,430

1,210

1,130

1,090

1,010

941

869

761

725

690

655

655

690

690

725

July.

905

OCQ

833

000

7Q7

761

690

655

620

620

552

451

418

385

352

319

303

287

287

OKfl

256

OKC

240

225

225

196

169

169

169

Aug.

169

1QA

OCa

352

385

402

451

451

418

385

352

336

319

319

287

240

225

256

272

287

287

287

256

256

256

272

Sept.

287

9C7

287

303

0-| Q

319

303

287 q-in

319

352

368

385

434

451

418

385

368

319

oi-Q

319

319

336

352

352

3C8

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 13-21, and Dec. 10 to April 11; gage not read Apr. 

13,16, and 18; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917, 

[Drainage area, 488 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

905 

797 

518 

220 

200 

690 

1,380 

1,600 

2,460 

905 

451 

484

2,460

Minimum.

385 

518 

180 

135 

135 

140 

451 

725 

655 

169 

169 

287

135

Mean.

604 

686 

304 

184 

162 

292 

943 

1,180 

1,210 

447 

308 

350

557

Per

square 

mile.

1.24 

1.41 

.623 

.377 

.332 

.598 

1.93 

2.42 

2.48 

.916 

.631 

.717

1.14

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.43 

1.57 

.72 

.43 

.35 

.69 

2.15 

2.79 

2.77 

1.06 

.73 

.80

13.49
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 25

PIKE RIVER AT AMBERG, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 35 N., R. 21 E., at Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway 

bridge half a mile south of Amberg, Marinette County, immediately below 

junction of two branches of Pike River, and about 11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch= 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to guard rail on upstream side of bridge; read by Frank 

Bunce.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from a highway bridge a quarter 

of a mile downstream from the bridge to which the gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROI*. Solid rock and some loose granite boulders. Bed permanent 

but very rough at gage. Banks medium high; not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.5 feet, 8.30 a. m. 

June 9 (discharge 1,120 second-feet); estimated minimum discharge, 120 secondfeet, during January and February.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 4.65 feet at 8.10 p. m. July 14, 1914 

(discharge 1,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet September 

7, 1915 (discharge, 109 second-feet).

REGULATION. No dams are at present in operation above this station, flow natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 180 and 1,120 second-feet. Gage read to 

quarter-tenths, once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was ascertained from current meter measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records excellent except for extremely 

high stages, for which they are good. Records for winter period fair.

Discharge measurements of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.39

2

oa

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

180

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.10

2.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

168

371

<* Incomplete ice cover at control.
26 STJEFACE WATER StJPPLY, 1&17, PAKT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Ifi.. ...... .......

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

620

546

476

396

364

333

333

318

303

303

288

273

318

273

303

303

318

364

348

348

364

380

364

348

396

510

546

546

510

546

582

Nov.

582

546

510

460

428

396

364

364

396

428

412

380

333

244

273

303

333

333

348

318

303

303

288

303

244

303

348

318

318

273

Dec.

273

244

273

288

273

273

288

288

288

199

244

273

230

217

215

230

215

215

215

230

215

91 ^

230

9.1S

260

260

260

OA %

230

OM

180

Jan.

180

180

180

170

170

160

160

160

170

170

160

160

150

140

130

130

120

120

130

130

120

120

120

130-

140

140

150

150

160

170

175

Feb.

150

120

120

125

125

120

125

130

120

125

135

140

140

140 14*;

Tui

165

180

160

145

145

1 KA

150 t<ai

155

155

150

1 eft

Mar.

150

145

165

185

175

165

180

195

210

230

220

210

215

220

235

250

240

230

240

245

290

340

285

230

440

645

725

610

675

698

Clft

Apr.

476

444

546

698

658

658

658

658

658

620

582

582

582

510

428

380

412

476

582

582

582

582

510

476

412

460

546

582

. 620

May.

658

698

658

620

546

493

428

396

380

364

348

333

318

318

303

303

303

318

333

348

348

QIC?

303

qna

288

288

273

258

258

244

qao

June.

364

396

428

476

582

620

862

1,080

1.120

904

778

698

546

493

428

qcft

333

333

333

318

318

303

303

364

380

348

318

318

July.

333

318

. 303

288

273

258

273

258

244

230

217

217

217

217

204

204

204

204

192

217

217

204

192

180

180

180

192

180

169

158

148

Aug.

192

204

192

169

180

185

176

288

318

333

288

244

364

380

380

333

318

258

244

244

258

244

237

230

204

204

204

348

348

199

180

Sept.

185

169

176

169

162

177

192

180

180

176

169

158

180

244

258

258

244

230

204

192

176

158

169

162

158

162

158

158

162

158

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15, to Mar. 29; gage not read Aug. 23 and Sept. 6; 

discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 240 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

Mav.. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

620 

582 

288 

180 

180 

725 

698 

698 

1,120 

333 

380 

258

1,120

Minimum.

273 

244 

180 

120 

120 

145 

412 

244 

303 

148 

169 

158

120

Mean.

394 

358 

242 

150 

142 

308 

547 

376 

492 222- 

256 

184

306

Per

square 

mile.

1.64 

1.49 

1.01 

.625 

.592 

1.28 

2.28 

1.57 

2.05 

.925 

1.07 

.767

1.28

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.89 

. 1.66 

1.16 

.72 

.62 

1.48 

2.54 

1.81 

2.29 

1.07 

1.23 

.86

17.33

PESHTIGO RIVER AT HIGH FALLS, NEAR CRIVITZ, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 32 N., R. 18 E., at High Falls, near Crivitz, Marinette 

County, about a quarter of a mile downstream from power house of Wisconsin 

Public Service Co., 1 mile upstream from Thunder River (coming in from the 

right), and 15 miles by road northwest of Crivitz.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN1 . 2

DRAINAGE AREA. 520 1 square miles (measured on Wisconsin GeologicEll & Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1912, to September 30, 1917. *

GAGE. Barrett and Lawrence water-stage recorder set over a wooden well about 

15 feet from the left bank and quarter of a mile downstream from power house; 

well is protected from floating logs by a large boulder.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks at control and measuring section are high and not 

subject to overflow. Control for gage at low stages is a small gravel riffle about 

50 feet downstream from the gage; apparently drowned out at medium and high 

stages, when control is probably formed by some point farther downstream.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during the year, 2,590 

second-feet; minimum mean discharge, 104 second-feet January 7.

1912-1917: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.2 feet, May 13, 1916 

(discharge, 3,480 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.1 feet at 5 p. m. March 21, 1915 

(discharge, 54 second-feet). Owing to artificial regulation extremes given do not 

represent the natural flow.

ICE. Because of the relatively warm water in the large service reservoir ice does 

not form on the river in the vicinity of the gage; open-water rating curve used 

throughout year.

REGULATION. Flow controlled by operation of the power plant. During log-driving 

seasons large and sudden fluctuations are caused by the operation of logging and 

sluice gates. The fluctuation due to changes in load are relatively small. The 

mean monthly flow does not represent the natural flow because of storage in the 

service reservoir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve 

well defined between 145 and 3,980 second-feet. During periods when recording 

gage was in operation discharge ascertained by averaging the results obtained by 

applying gage heights for hourly or other regular intervals to the rating table; 

for period when gage was not in operation (see footnote to table of daily discharge) 

discharge determined from power-plant records. From the data available the 

power-plant records are believed to be accurate within 5 per cent.

The following discharge measurement was made by R. B. Kilgore: 

June 23, 1917: Gage height, 3.37 feet; discharge, 1,150 second-feet.

1 Supersedes figure published in previous reports.
28 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Peshtiqo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3. ............. .

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. .......... ...

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.......---.....

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19..... ..........

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

Ort

31...............

Oct.

1,020

1,050

983

835

699

690

567

410

538

613

544

577

581

578

4n<j

527

579

640

674

759

729

633

728

644

734

818

860

920

1,050

1,220

1,010

Nov.

1,050

1 040

1,030

850

962

QQO

805

681

983

820

OR9

910

fiQO

647

630

660

537

881

rtOQ

679

RCO

632

636

425

KflQ

630

630

465

Dec.

632

COO

433

641

fiQQ

606

flnft

614

606

378

471

513

534

.4QQ

470

475

278

492

485

460

468

458

276

226

49Q

465

457

462

274

Jan.

274

077

343

303

256

256

 \f\A

238

268

276

247

267

279

111

238

265

974

275

275

269

138

246

97n

275

276

258

260

112

224

256

296

Feb.

318

273

287

120

303

397

384

390

382

358

*X\d.

321

360

360

360

359

368

186

285

368

405

463

4Qfi

476

303

430

480

542

Mar.

579

596

484

279

413

485

499

501

551

500

306

435

524

541

558

489

jo o

254

469

549

564

587

542

563

304

486

563

564

coo

540

Apr.

349

505

575

607

615

574

593

326

499

561

543

750

1,130

803

577

725

808

712

764

775

747

841

1,430

1,400

1,260

1,210

1 040

1^140

1,140

1,430

May.

1,220

1,230

1,180

1,200

1.210

961

1,240

1,250

1,170

1,050

1,390

1,200

703

549

652

779

563

563

616

674

944

905

760

611

576

558

376

768

691

406

877

June.

956

782

542

881

994

1,280

1,860

2,180

2,590

2,540

2,370

1,940

1,600

1,310

1,200

1,230

900

992

740

764

947

946

957

756

768

763

793

728

785

July.

641

784

721

531

600

587

587

391

547

627

619

618

592

554

334

506

591

569

545

556

523

322

493

537

543

578

573

570

351

366

609

Aug.

614

590

577

580

339

551

642

649

622

655

635

360

563

633

615

609

586

544

290

523

fl(VJ

585

557

554

561

300

587

CC7

Sept.

555

357

296

517

562

621

6Q5

667

361

548

579

580

620

604

575

304

498

481

509

462

484

467

226

393

355

360

388

jqi

174

NOTE. Discharge based on power-plant records as follows: Oct. 18, 20, 25, 26, 31; Nov. 1, 5-9, 12-30; 

Dec. 1-31; Jan. 1-9, 11-18, 25-2S; Feb. 2-7; Apr. 8-12, 25-23; May 3, 6-9, 13-17, 24,-29-31; June 5-12, 14-30; 

July 1-31; Au?. 1-31; Sept. 1-6, 9-10, 16-20, 23-27, 30. About 2 second-feet of seepage water enters the 

river below the gage but above the cable and is included in the published record.

Monthly discharge of Peshtigo River near Crimtz, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 520 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,220 

1,050 

641 

377 

542 

596 

1,430 

1,390 

2,590 

784 

655 

667

2,590

Minimum.

409 

425 

226 

104 

120 

254 

326 

376 

542 

322 

290 

174

104

Mean.

731 

754 

479 

252 

356 

491 

814 

867 

1,190 

547 

553 

466

626

Per 

square 

mile.

1.41 

1.45 

.921 

.485 

.685 

.944 

1.57 

1.67 

2.29 

1.05 

1.06 

.896

1.20

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.63 

1.62 

1.06 

.56 

.71 

1.09 

1.75 

1.92 

2.56 

1.21 

1.22 

1.00

16.33
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 29

OCONTO RIVER NEAR GILLETT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 18 E., at highway bridge 2£ miles southeast of 

Gillett, Oconto County, and about 27 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 678 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey Map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7, 1906, to March 30, 1909; January 6, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to iron railing on upstream side of bridge; read by Miss 

Nettie Gilbertson. Zero of gage used January 6, 1914, to September 30, 1917, is 

4 feet above that of gage used June 7, 1906, to March 31, 1909.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; fairly permanent; left bank medium high and not 

subject to overflow; right bank may overflow during extreme flood stages and 

water flow around the end of the bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.7 feet, at 3.30 

p. m. April 2 (discharge estimated, because of ice, 2,870 second-feet); estimated 

minimum discharge, 305 second-feet, January 24 to February 1.

1906-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 5.3 feet at 3.30 p. m. April 25, 1916 (discharge 3,220 second-feet); minimum open-water discharge, 95 second-feet January 3 and 6, 1907.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam above the station stores water to float logs during the spring; 

except when this dam is in operation flow at the gage is natural*

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 239 and 1,790 second-feet. Gage read to 

quarter-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage 

height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating curve mean daily gage 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except for extreme flood 

stages, for which they are only fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, .1917.

Date. Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 7O

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

421

358

Date.

Mar. 8a

Made by 

E.L.Williams..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

373

Complete ice cover.
30 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30., 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

930

930

900

900

752

752

725

725

615

615

615

698

670

642

642

725

615

590

590

725

752

752

725

725

780

f 960

Qflft

1,0:0

1 QfiO

1,090

1,160

Nov.

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,220

1,220

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,020

1,160

1,160

960

780

7.5

900

1.020

960

900

752

840

840

900

900

565

670 Qi n

840

Dec.

870

780

725

725

725

780

840

780

725

698

492

468

425

425

380

380

380

380

405

425

470

515

565

565

565

540

515

515

Jan.

470

470

445

425

425

405

405

380

380

380

360

360

360

360

340

340

340

340

340

325 3:5 3"5

305

305

305

305

305

305

305

Feb.

305

325

325

340

340

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

350

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

360

380

365

Mar.

335

330

330

325

320

325

330

365

405

405

405

405

405

415

425

435

445

455

460

465

470

505

540

735

930

1,160

1,790

2,090

2,390

2,630

Apr.

2,790

2,870

2,090

2,320

2,090

1,790

1,790

1,570

1,500

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,290

1,290

1,220

1,290

1,290

1,360

1.360

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,290

1,430

1,500

1,570

1,570

May.

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,500

1,430

1,160

1,290

1,160

1,090

1,020

960

930

870

870

840

780

725

753

780

810

840

810

810

752

752

670

670

670

670

670

June.

670

780

840

1,0:0

1,020

1,220

1,430

1,860

2,160

2,160

2,320

2,160

1,790

1,790

1,360

1,290

1,640

1,290

992

840

780

780

780

810

615

752

698

725

780

1,500

July.

1,430

2,630

1,290

960

960

698

565

670

670

615

590

565

565

565

515

515

515

540

515

492

468

424

446

424

424

424

403

382

382

382

362

Aug.

362

362

424

424

424

424

424

468

1,160

615

565

615

615

670

670

780

780

7:5

670

698

670

515

515

515

468

468

468

424

382

565

515

Sept.

515

492

492

468

540

515

515

£15

515

515

515

468

515

540

615

615

615 615-

565

565

515

515

492

492

468

468

468

446

468

424

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Apr. 3.

Monthly discharge of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area 678 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,360 

1,290 

870 

470 

380 

2,630 

2,870 

1,570 

2,320 

2,630 

1,160 

615

2,870

Minimum.

590 

565 

380 

305 

305 

320 

1,220 

670 

615 

362 

362 

424

305

Mean.

795 

1,010 

564 

361 

347 

724 

1,580 

986 

1,230 

658 

561 

516

778

Per 

square 

mile.

1.17 

1.49 

.832 

.532 

.512 

- 1.07 

2.33 

1.45 

1.81 

.971 

.827 

.761

1.15

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.35 

1.66 

.96 

.61 

-.53 

1.23 

2.60 

1.67 

2.02 

1.12 

.95 

.85

15.55

FOX RIVER AT RAPIDE CROCHE DAM, NEAR WRIGHTSTOWN, WIS.

LOCATION. At Rapide Creche dam, in sec. 4, T. 21 N., R. 19 E., 2 miles upstream from 

Wrightstown, Brown County, 19 miles downstream from Lake Winnebago, and 20 

miles upstream from mouth of river at Green Bay.
STREAMS TKIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN, 31

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 3,1896, to September 30,1917. Daily-discharge records 

for this station, 1896-1914, were published by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission, 

in a report entitled "Water-power report to the Legislature, 1915." The records 

published in this report have since been found to be considerably in error, and 

should not be used. See "Determination of flow."

DRAINAGE ABIA. 6,150 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

DSTISBMWATION OF DISCHARGE. The dam is owned and operated by the United 

States Army Engineers to aid navigation, and the flow is computed by the United 

States Army Engineers as follows: The dam is made of timber and is equipped 

with 4 needle sluice gates which are used only in times of high water. A vertical 

staff gage at the lower end of the canal leading to the lock and about a quarter 

of a mile below the dam is read five times daily at 7 a. m., 9 a. m., 12 noon, 3 p. m., 

and 6p.m. The mean flow for the day is computed from a formula using the 5 

gage heights for the day, assuming gradual changes in gage height between the 

readings, and weighting the different gage heights by elapsed time. Prior ty 

1917 determinations of daily discharge were based on tables derived from theoretical formulas for flow over a sharp-crested weir and through the sluice gates. 

During 1917 discharge measurements were made by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey from a cable a short distance downstream from the 

dam. Seven measurements were made with the four sluices closed and eight 

with all sluices open. The measured discharge varied from 1,000 to 13,000 

second-feet. Curves based on the discharge measurements show that the 

theoretical formulas gave results ranging from about 850 second-feet too 

small at low stages, with the sluices closed, to 250 second-feet too large at 

high stages, with all sluices open. The deficiency of amounts in the old 

records as published is due to the fact no allowance was made for leakage through 

the dam, which is now determined to be about 1,000 second-feet with water at 

the crest of the dam and all gates closed. Discharge measurements made by the 

United States Geological Survey in 1902 and 1903 at Wrightstown, about 2 miles 

below the dam, indicate that the leakage at the dam was apparently the same 

during 1902 and 1903 as at the present time. As Rapide Croche dam was built 

in 1878 and existed in 1902 as in 1917, it is considered necessary and proper to 

correct the old records for 1896-1917 to agree with the results of the current-meter 

measurements of 1917. The records published herewith are the old records, 

corrected by means of the curves for 1917, each recomputation taking into consideration the relation between the old and new curves according to the number 

of sluice gates open. Corrections were applied to the semimonthly and monthly 

mean discharge. The yearly discharge is derived from the mean monthly discharge. The semimonthly and mean monthly discharge was computed by 

engineers of the office of the Army Engineer Corps at Milwaukee; the flow in 

second-feet per square mile, run-off depth in inches, and yearly means and totals 

were computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Not determined. Information regarding the daily maximum and minimum may be obtained from the office of the Corps of Engineers, 

United States Army, Milwaukee, Wis.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by Lake Winnebago, which has an area of 215 square 

miles, and also by dams between the outlet of Lake Winnebago and the station, 

the dams being operated for power development and to some extent in the interests of navigation. Under existing conditions, which, as regards storage, 

have been the same throughout the period covered by the records, the flow past 

the station is natural.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

ACCURACY. Though the accuracy of the records prior to 1902-1903 is somewhat doubtful it is believed that the records for entire period are good. See "Determination 

of discharge."

COOPERATION. Records collected and monthly and semimonthly discharge computed by the United States Army Engineers from curves based on current-meter 

measurements made by engineers of the United States Geological Survey.

Discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dain, Wis.,for years ending Sept. 30,1896-1917. 

[Drainage area, 6,150 square miles.]

Month.

189G.

May.........................................

July.........................................

The period ............................

1896-97.

March .......................................

April........................................

July.........................................

September. .................................

The year ..............................

1897-98.

April........................................

May.............................. --.......-.

September.... . ..............................

The year..............................

1898-99.

April....................................... . May.........................................

July. ...... ..................................

September ...................................

The year,, ,,^^,........ ...............

Mtan discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.*

1,980 

1,520 

3,440 

4,530 

3,710 

2,680 

1,020

1,600 

2,510 

3,390 

3,400 

3,380 

3,050 

5,910 

4,900 

3,830 

3,920 

3,210 

1,330

1,840 

2,300 

2,870 

3,380 

3,220 

3,460 

3,990 

5,640 

4,500 

2,380 

2,190 

2,110

1,590 

2,870 

3,060 

2,770 

2,950 

2,640 

4,150 

6,310 

5,570 

4,710 

2,990 

1,740

Second 

half.6

2,010 

1,700 

4,130 

4,170 

3,280 

1,720 

970

2,020 

2,950 

2,790 

3,500 

3,590 

3,740 

7,300 

4,350 

3,990 

3,800 

1,980 

1,830

2,440 

2,540 

3,110 

3,280 

2,940 

3,830 

4,950 

4,730 

3,270 

2,210 

2,880 

1,560

2,270 

3,010 

2,760 

2,490 

2,630 

3,280 

4,420 

6,690 

7,350 

3,930 

2,170 

1,720

Monthly.

Mean.

1,990 

1,610 

3.800 

4,350 

3,40) 

2,180 

990

1,820 

2,730 

3,080 

3,450 

3,470 

3,410 

6,600 

4,620 

3,910 

3, SCO 

2,570 

1,580

3,420

2,150 

2,420 

2.990 

3,330 

3,090 

3,650 

4,470 

5,170 

3,880 

2,290 

2,550 

1,830

3,150

1,940 

2,940 

2,910 

2,630 

2,800 

2,970 

4,280 

6,510 

6,460 

4,310 

2,570 

1,730

3,500

Per square 

mile.

0.324 

.262 

.618 

.707 

.567 

.354 

.161

.296 

.444 

.501 

.561 

.564 

.554 

1.07 

.751 

.636 

.628 

.418 

.257

.556

.350 

.393 

.486 

.541 

.502 

.593 

.727 

.841 

.631 

.372 

.415 

.298

.512

.315 

.478 

.473 

.428 

.455 

.483 

.696 

1.06 

1.05 

.701 

.418 

.281

.560

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.29 

.71 

.79 

.65 

.41 

.18

.34

.50 

.58 

.65 

.59 

.64 

1.19 

.87 

.71 

.72 

.48 

.29

7.56

.40 

.44 

.56 

.62 

.52 

.68 

.81 

.97 

.70 

.43 

.48 

.33

6.94

.36 

.53 

.55 

.49 

.47 

.56 

.78 

1.22 

1.17 

.81 

.48 

.31

7.73

a 15 days. 6 Sixteenth to end of month.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 33

of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis.,for years ending Sept. SO, 1896- 

1917 Continued.

Month.

1899-1900.

April ........................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

1900-1.

May.........................................

July.........................................

September.... . ..............................

1901-2.

April .......................................

May.................;......................

July.........................................

The year ..............................

1902-3. 

October. ....................................

April ........................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

September.... . ..............................

The year. .............................

Mean discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.

- 1,740 

2,950 

2,870 

2,860 

2,920 

2,990 

3,950 

3,560 

2,070 

1,200 

2,580 

2,600

4", 830 

8,250 

4,920 

4,010 

3,970 

3,910 

7,830 

5,170 

4,410 

4,100 

3,310 

2,020

2,620 

3,940 

3,670 

3,140 

2,880 

3,260 

3,200 

3,730 

8,030 

4,320 

3,670 

2,150

2,150 

3,170 

3,110 

3,180 

3,560 

3,810 

7,820 

5,540 

5,510 

4,230 

4,040 

4,490

Second 

half.

2,010 

2,750 

2,660 

2,950 

3,040 

3,530 

4,170 

3,750 

1,220 

2,210 

2,520 

2,8£0

6,610 

6,980 

3,790 

3,720 

4,130 

4,340 

9,140 

4,650 

3,940 

4,190 

2,510 

1,890

3,840 

3,880 

3,280 

2,850 

2,870 

3,630 

2,650 

6,880 

4,880 

3,680 

2,860 

1,850

2,980 

3,070 

2,910 

3,720 

3,720 

4,960 

5,750 

5,730 

5,040 

4,550 

3,800 

5,150

Monthly.

Mean.

1,880 

2,850 

2,760 

2,910 

2,980 

3,270 

4,060 

3,660 

1,640 

1,730 

2,550 

2,740

2,750

5,750 

7,610 

4,340 

3,860 

4,040 

4,130 

8,480 

4,900 

4,170 

4,150 

2,900 

1,950

4,690

3,250 

3,910 

3,470 

2,990 

2,870 

3,450 

2,920 

5,350 

6,450 

3,990 

3,250 

2,000

3,660

2,580 

3,120 

3,010 

3,460 

3,630 

4,410 

6,780 

5,640 

5,270 

4,400 

3,920 

4,820

4,250

Per square 

mile.

0.306 

.463 

.449 

.473 

.485 

.532 

.660 

.595 

.267 

.281 

.415 

.446

.447

.935 

1.24 

.706 

.628 

.657 

.672 

1.38 

.797 

.678 

.675 

.472 

.317

.763

.528 

.636 

.564 

.486 

.467 

.561 

.475 

.870 

1.05 

.649 

.528 

.325

.595

.420 

.507 

.489 

.563 

.590 

.717 

1.10 

.917 

.857 

.715 

.637 

.784

.691

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35

.52 

.52 

.55 

.50 

.61 

.74 

.69 

.30 

.32 

.48 

.50

6.08

1.08 

1.38 

.81 

.72 

.68 

.77 

1.54 

.92 

.76 

.78 

.54 

.35

10.33

.61 

.71 

.65 

.56 

.49 

.65 

.53 

1.00 

1.17 

.75 

.61 

.36

8.09

.48- 

.57 

.56 

.65 

.61 

.83 

1.23 

1.06 

.96 

.82 

.73 

.87

9.37

94446° 1& WSP 4£
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis.,for years ending Sept. 30,1896-

1917 Continued.

Month.

1903-4.

July.........................................

The year. .............................

1904-5.

July.........................................

T he year ..............................

1905-6.

April ........................................

July.........................................

The year. . ............................

1906-7.

April. . . . .v. ..................................

M^y.. ........... ............................

July.........................................

The year ..............................

Mean discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.

5,170 

4,490 

3,450 

3,710 

3,560 

3,570 

4,940 

7,700 

8,590 

3,510 

3,480 

2..560

3,670 

4,180 

3,750 

3,810 

4,480 

3,820 

7,770 

5,380 

11, 670 

9,290 

4,450 

4,150

3,380 

3,C90 

3,580 

3,650 

3,890 

3,980 

11, 690 

10,950 

4,430 

4,500 

3,200 

2,850

3,100 

3,790 

5,450 

5,780 

7,030 

3,790 

9,000 

8,360 

6,420 

4,310 

4,200 

2,900

Second 

half.

5,140 

3,970 

3,420 

3,540 

3,790 

4,200 

8,720 

9,630 

5,060 

3,440 

2,880 

2.400

4,400 

3,780 

3,600 

4,120 

4,150 

4,250 

8,810 

5,630 

12,820 

5,690 

4,400 

3,910

3,550 

3,610 

"3,450 

3,940 

4,050 

5,200 

13,910 

5,080 

4,680 

4,310 

2,990 

2,780

2,910 

4,470 

5,670 

5,620 

4,530 

4,360 

10,780 

6,460 

4,830 

5,390 

3,770 

3,460

Monthly.

Mean.

5,150 

4,230 

3,430 

3,620 

3,670 

3,890 

6,830 

8,700 

6,820 

3,470 

3,170 

2,480

4,620

4,050 

3,980 

3,670 

3,970 

4,330 

4,040 

8,290 

5,510 

12,250 

7,430 

4,420 

4,030

5,500

3,470 

3,650 

3,510 

3,800 

3, 960 

4,610 

12,800 

7,920 

4,550 

4,400 

3,090 

2,810

4,880

3,010 

4,130 

5,560 

5,700 

5,870 

4,080 

9,890 

7,380 

5,620 

4,870 

3,980 

3,180

5,270

Per square 

mile.

0.837 

.688 

.558 

.589 

.597 

.633 

1.11 

1.41 

1.11 

.564 

.515 

.403

.751

.659 

.647 

.597 

.646 

.704 

.657 

1.35 

.896 

1.99 

1.21 

.719 

.655

.894

.564 

.593 

.571 

.618 

.644 

.750 

2.08 

1.29 

.740 

.715 

.502 

.457

.793

.489 

.672 

.904 

.927 

.954 

.663 

1.61 

1.20 

.914 

.792 

.647 

.517

.857

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.96 

.77 

.64 

.68 

.64 

.73 

1.24 

1.63 

1.24 

.65 

.59 

.45

10.22

.76 

.72 

.69 

.74 

.73 

.76 

1.51 

1.03 

2.22 

1.40 

.83 

.73

12.12

.65 

.66 

.66 

.71 

.67 

.86 

2.32 

1.49 

.83 

.82 

.58 

.51

10.76

.56 

.75 

1.04 

1.07 

.99 

.76 

1.80 

1.38 

1.02 

.91 

.75 

.58

11.61

________ i 
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 35

Discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis.,for 'years ending Sept. 30, 1896-

1917 Continued.

Month.

1907-8. 

October. ....................................

July.........................................

September. ..................................

1908-9.

April ........................................

July.........................................

1909-10.

April........................................

July.........................................

1910-11.

May.........................................

July.........................................

The year ..............................

Mean discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.

3,640 

2,570 

2,940 

3,180 

3,440 

3,760 

9,220 

8,910 

6,140 

3,380 

2,840 

1,590

1,280 

1,720 

3,220 

3,210 

3,390 

3,520 

4,040 

10,630 

6,010 

3,960 

1,580 

2,280

2,250 

1,690 

3,710 

3,840 

3,820 

3,900 

3,770 

4,810 

3,930 

1, 6CO 

1.170 

1,830

2,520 

2,140 

3,390 

3,570 

3,420 

3,890 

4,280 

3,4f,0 

7,010 

2,820 

9CO 

1,420

Second 

half.

3,510 

2,780 

3,090 

3,360 

3,440 

6,470 

7,020 

10, 630 

4,020 

3,580 

1,890 

1, 380

1,290 

2,190 

2,770 

3.490 

3,460 

3,720 

5,380 

8,240 

5.700 

3; 080 

1,660 

2,180

1,670 

2,780 

3,520 

3,750 

3,730 

3,740 

4,100 

4,650 

3,210 

1,190 

1.090 

2, 510

""2,560 

2,630 

3,400 

3,460 

4,000 

3,810 

3,860 

3,870 

4.630 

1,340 

1,500 

2,300

Monthly.

« 

Mean.

3,570 

2,670 

3,020 

3,270 

3,440 

5,160 

8,120 

9.800 

5,080 

3,500 

2,350 

1.480

4,290

1,280 

1,950 

2,990 

3,350 

3,420 

3,620 

4,710 

9,400 

5,860 

3,510 

1,620 

2,230

3,660

1,950 

2, 230 

3,610 

3,790 

3,780 

3,820 

3.930 

4,730 

3,570 

1,420 

1,130 

2,170

3,010

2,540 

2,380 

3,390 

3,510 

3,690 

3,850 

4,070 

3,670 

5,820 

2,060 

1,240 

1,860

3,170

Per square 

mile.

0.580 

V .434 

.491 

.532 

.559 

.839 

1.32 

1.59 

.826 

.569 

.382 

.241

.698

.208 

.317 

.486 

.545 

.556 

.589 

.766 

1.53 

.953 

.571 

.263 

.363

.595

.317 

.363

.587 

.616 

.615 

.621 

.639 

.769 

.580 

.231 

.184 

.353

.489

.413 

.387 

.551 

.571 

.600 

.626 

.662 

.597 

.946 

.335 

.202 

.302

.515

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.67 

.48 

^.57 

.61 

.60 

.97 

1.47 

1.83 

.92 

.66 

.44 

.27

9.49

.24

.35 

.56 

.63 

.58 

.68 

.85 

1.76 

1.06 

.66 

.30 

.40

8. 07

.37 

-.40 

.68 

.71 

.64 

.72 

.71 

.89 

.65 

.27 

.21 

.39

6.63

.48 

.43 

.64 

.C6 

.62 

.72 

.74 

.69 

1.06 

.39 

.23 

.34

7.00
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET IV.

Discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis., for years ending Sept. 30, 1896-

1917 Continued.

Month..

1911-12.

May.....-.....---..-..-.-.-.---.--..........

July.........................................

1912-13.

May.......... -.-.-.---.---...---....-......-

July...........-.-.-...-.-.....----.-.-......

1913-14.

July. ........................................

1914-15.

July.........................................

The year ..............................

Mean discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.

6,420 

5,480 

6,410 

4,650 

4,810 

4,630 

3,770 

5,720 

8,500 

2,570 

8,380 

9,550

5,980 

3,960 

4,620 

3,870 

3,410 

3,720 

13, 650 

7,840 

8,860 

3,670 

3,770 

2,430

3,480 

3,770 

4,220 

3,720 

4,100 

3,590 

2,390 

4,020 

10,900 

5,620 

2,350 

1,770

2,960 

2, 580 

2,760 

2,790 

4,100 

7,570 

7,130 

3,330 

3,660 

3,330 

2,790 

2,200

Second 

half.

9,630 

4,950 

8,960 

5,000 

4,770 

3,900 

5,920 

8,170 

3,790 

3,680 

6,960 

9,050

4,070 

4,340 

3,710 

3,640 

3,280 

8,350 

12,150 

9,160 

4,240 

4,100 

3,260 

2,350

3,730 

3,870 

4,050 

4,010 

4,190 

3,530 

3,460 

5-, 000 

11,180 

3,430 

1,650 

2,850

2,830 

2,590 

2,810 

3,470 

4,290 

7,250 

3,610 

3,560 

3,620 

2,930 

2,310 

4,700

. Monthly.

Mean.

8,080 

5,210 

7,730 

4,830 

4,790 

4,250 

4,840 

6,980 

6,140 

3,140 

7,650 

9,300

6,080

4,990 

4,150 

4,150 

3,750 

3,350 

6,110 

12,900 

8,520 

6,550 

3,890 

. 3,510 

2,390

5,360

3,610 

3,820 

4,130 

3,870 

4,140 

3,560 

2,920 

4,530 

11,040 

4,490 

1,990 

2,310

4,200

2,890 

2,580 

2,790 

3,140 

4,190 

7,400 

5,370 

3,450 

3,640 

3,120 

2,540 

3,450

3,710

Per square 

mile.

1.31

.847 

1.26 

.785 

.779 

.691 

.787 

1.13 

.998 

.511 1.24* 

1.51

.989

.811 

.675 

.675 

.610 

.545 

.993 

2.10 

1.39 

1.07 

.633 

.571 

.389

.872

.587 

.621 

.672 

.629 

.673 

.579 

.475 

.737 

1.80 

.730 

.324 

.376

.683

.470 

.420 

- .454 

.511 

.681 

1.20 

.873 

.561 

.592 

.507 

.413 

.561

.603

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.51

.94 

1.45 

.90 

.84 

.80 

.88 

1.30 

1.11 

.59 

1.43 

1.68

13.43

.94 

.75 

.78 

.70 

.57 

1.14 

2.34 

1.60 

1 19 

.73 

.66 

.43

11.83

.68 

.69 

.77 

.73 

.70 

.67 

.53 

.85 

2.01 

.84 

.37 

.42

9.26

.54 

.47 

.52 

.59 

.71 

1.38 

.97 

.66 

.66 

.58 

.48 

.63

8.19.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

Discharge of Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis.,for years ending Sept. 30, 1896-

1917 Continued.

Month.

1915-16.

April........................................

July.........................................

The year. .............................

1916-17.

Ma/.... .................. ...................

July.........................................

Mean discharge, in second-feet.

Semimonthly.

First 

half.

5,180 

4,560 

5,610 

4,740 

5,300 

4,800 

12,960 

12, 720 

9.180 

6,120 

3,100 

2,840

3,340 

5,310 

6,570 

5.920 

4,980 

4,670 

12,050 

9,920 

5,940 

4,900 

3,740 

2,810

Second 

half.

4,930 

5,180 

5,050 

4,750 

5,020 

6,020 

11,330 

11,320 

11,880 

3,890 

3, 370 

2,970

4,300 

6,550 

5,600 

6,480 

4,540 

5,770 

12,290 

5,300 

8,400 

4,300 

3,910 

2,650

Monthly.

Mean.

5,050 

4,870 

5,320 

4,740 

5,170

13, 140 

12,000 

10,530 

4,970 

3,240 

2,900

6,450

3,830 

5,930 

6,070 

6,210 

4,780 

5,240 

12, 170 

7,540 

7,170 

4,590 

3,830 

2,730

5,840

Per square 

mile.

0.821 

.792 

.865 

.771 

.841 

.883 

2.14 

1.95 

1.71 

.808 

.527 

.472

1.05

.623 

.964 

.987 

1.01 

.777 

.852 

1.98 

1.23 

1.17 

.746 

.623 

.444

.950

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

.88 

1.00 

.89 

.91 

1.02 

2.39 

2.25 

1.91 

.93 

.61 

.53

14.27

.72 

1.08 

1.14 

1.16 

.81 

.98 

2.21 

1.42 

1.30 

.86 

.72 

.50

12.90

NOTE. Records in the above table supersede those contained in the "Water-power report to the Legislature, 1915," published by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission.

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 15 E., at the highway bridge at Keshena, Shawano 

County, 3 miles below the junction with West Branch of Wolf River, which 

enters from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 797 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 9, 1907, to March 31, 1909; February 10, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of new bridge on December 9, 1914; 

May 9, 1907, to November 29, 1914, vertical staff gage fastened to downstream 

abutment, both gages at same datum; read by Jerome M. Beauprey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; smooth and practically permanent. Banks of 

mediun height; overflow improbable. During the last part of November and 

the first part of December, 1914, a new bridge was erected at the site of the old 

gage. The plotting of the discharge measurements made since the bridge was 

built indicates that the construction of the new piers changed condition of channel.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.50 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 8 and 8 a. m. June 9 (discharge, 2,260 second-feet); minimum discharge 

about 470 second-feet February 18.

1907-1909 and 1911-1917: Maximum discharge recorded 3,910 second-feet 

September 2, 1912; minimum open-water discharge, 275 second-feet September 

26, 1908.
38 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The river and its main tributaries above Keshena are controlled to 

some extent by logging dams. ,

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 510 and 2,260 second-feet; above and below these 

limits curve is extended and is subject to error. Gage read to quarter-tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean of daily gage heights 

to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating curve mean daily gage 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records excellent except for extremely 

high and low stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., during the year ending September 30, 1917.

Date. Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

-height.

Feet. 

3.49

3.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

518

539

Date. Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

Ti, Tt, Kilgnrfi. ._..,._

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.28

2.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

497

a. Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena,' Wis., for the year ending September 30, 1917.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

1,130

1,020

960

909

859

810

810

810

762

762

762

670

715

810

810

859

715

670

762

909

909

960

909

859

960

1,020

1,250

1,190

1,130

1,190

1,190

Nov.

1,190

1,250

1,130

1,130

1,190

1,070

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,020

810

715

670

670

760

810

860

860

860

810

760

715

715

810

1,070

1,190

1,130

Dec.

1,020

1,130

1,130

1,020

810

715

810

715

715

670

625

620

620

615

615

610

605

600

600

595

595

590

585

580

580

575

575

570

570

565

565

Jan.

565

560

555

550

545

545

540

540

535

- 535

530

530

525

525

520

520

490

495

480

485

510

490

495

505

505

490

480

485

505 535

535

Feb.

540

545

535

560

530

540

o55

540

545

520

510

515

485

475

375

485

510

470

475

490

485

490

505

500

490

510

510

510

Mar.

510

. 510

485

495

490

480

495

495

485

500

495

490

490

490

490

520

545

515

525

565

625

715

785

875

960

960

990

990

1,070

1,100

1,160

Apr.

1,220

1,280

1,250

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,220

1,220

1,250

1,310

1,380

1,310

1,250

1,130

960

859

1,130

1,440

1,570

1,640

1,640

1,570

1,440

1,440

1,380

.1,440

1,440

1,500

1,700

May.

1,700

1.640

1, 640

1,6>0

1,640

1,500

1,190

1,250

1,190

1,190

1,250

1,190

1,250

1,190

1,070

1,070

1,020

859

810

960

960

909

909

909

859

859

762

715

715

762

810

June.

810

909

909

1,020

1,250

1,310

2,120

2,2CO

2,190

1,980

1,910

1,770

1,500

1,440

1,380

1,380

1,130

1,020

960

960

909

1,020

1,070

1,070

1,310

1,380

1,190

1,020

QfiQ

July.

960

1,020

1.020

960

859

715

715

670

762

909

859

859

810

810

627

547

547

627

586

547

547

586

586

586

547

586

627

586

586

586

586

Aug.

670

715

715

670

627

586

762

859

960

960

909

715

909

1,310

1,070

859

762

715

715

715

715

670

627

627

627

627

627

627

586

Sept.

586

586

547

586

627

715

762

715

715

670

627

547

>Vd7

C47

627

715

71 ^

715

670

47 K

510

. 510

510

547

A7t\

475

510

475

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 15 to Apr. 9.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN.

Monthly discharge of ~ Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 797 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.250 

l,2,r)0 

1,130 

565 

560 

1,160 

1,700 

1,700 

2,260 

1,020 

1.310 

762

2,260

Minimiym670 

670 

565 

480 

470 

480 

859 

715 

810 

547 

586 

475

470

Mean.

906 

949 

684 

520 

511 

655 

1,320 

1.110 

1.300 

704 

748 

591

834

Per

square 

mile.,

1.14 

1.19 

.858 

.652 

.641 

.822 

1.66 

1.39 

1.63 

.883 

.939 

.742

1.05

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

1.33 

.99

.75 

.67 

.95 

1.85 

1.60 

1.82 

1.02 

1.08 

.83

14.20

WOLF RIVER AT NEW LONDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 22 N., R. 14 E. r at Pearl Street highway bridge, New London 

Waupaca County. Embarrass River enters from the right three-fourths of a mile 

above the station, and Little Wolf River, also from the right, 5 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,240 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch = 6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Gage heights March 1, 1899, to September 30, 1917; daily discharge record, October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Enameled steel gage, reading from 1.0 to 13.0 feet, fastened to right-hand 

downstream pier of Pearl Street bridge. Datum of the gage raised 0.641 foot 

March 1, 1911, according to the United States Army Engineers. Zero of gage 

748.874 feet above mean sea level, New York City datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Shawano Street bridge, two blocks 

below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, hardpan, and mud; not permanent. 

No well-defined control. Banks at gage fairly high and not subject to overflow. 

It is reported that during extremely high stages water from Embarrass River flows 

across New London into the channel of Wolf River below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 9.45 feet April 

1 (discharge, 8,060 second-feet); minimum discharge about 840 second-feet 

February 8-12.

1914-1917: Maximum discharge recorded, 8,960 second-feet April 4, 1916; 

minimum discharge, 755 second-feet January 1-10, 1915. The United States 

Army Engineer Office reports a stage of 11.6 feet April 16, 1888.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Little if any diurnal fluctuation due to operation of the power plants 

on river above station observable at gage; monthly flow natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

1917; one applicable October 1 to March 31 fairly well defined between 910 and 

9,280 second-feet; the other, applicable April 1 to September 30, fairly well 

defined between 1,080 and 9,280 second-feet. Gage read to tenths once daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except 

for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table daily gage height corrected for effect of ice 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records fair.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, IftLl, PART IVDischarge measurements of Wolf River at New London, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 16o

Feb. 7«

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.18

3.33

q CQ

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020

874

Q97

Date.

Apr. 16

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

R. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.31

6.48

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,350

3,280

1,160

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at New London, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3................

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9 . . .

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

2,280

2,340

2,280

2,280

2,170

2,060

2,010

1,910

1,710

1,560

1,420

1,460

1,560

1,510

1,560

1,510

1,560

1,560

1 560

1,560

1,660

1,810

1,960

2,060

2,280

2,620

2,740

2,800

2,920

3,100

Nov.

3,100

3,160

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,160

3,160

3,220

3,220

3,160

3,100

3,040

2,980

2,740

2,740

2,680

2,680

2,620

2,500

2,500

2,620

3,040

2,860

2,860

2,800

2,620

Dec.

2,560

2,500

2,500

2,560

2,560

2,500

2,390

2,280

2,220

2,010

1,710

1,660

1,610

1,560

1,460

1,370

1,320

1,280

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,190

1,190

1,190

i ion

1,190

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

Jan.

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1 140

l'l40

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

980

980

980

980

945

945

945

945

945

945

oift

910

910

Feb.

910

910

910

875

875

875

875

840

840

840

840

840

875

875

875

875

875

875

875

. 875

875

875

875

875

875

875

910

910

Mar.

910

910

910

910

910

910

910

930

945

960

980

1,000

1,020

1,040

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,100

1,120

1,190

1,320

1,610

3,500

4,780

5,900

5,900

5,710

5,530

Apr.

8,060

7,780

7,510

7,000

6,530

6,530

6,310

5,900

5,710

5,360

5,200

4.920

4,780

4,510

4,390

4,160

4,050

3,950

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,760

3,850

3,850

3,950

3,950

3,950

3,950

May.

4,050

4,160

4,270

4,270

4,270

4,270

4,270

4,160

3,950

3,760

3,500

3,350

3,220

3,040

2,920

2,800

2,680

2,500

2,340

2,280

2,220

2,280

2,170

2,220

2,170

2,170

2,010

1,960

1,760

1,760

1,760

June.

1,810

1,910

1,960

2,060

2,170

2,220

2,560

2,860

2,980

3,100

3,220

3,350

3,580

3,760

3,850

3,670

3,580

3,500

3,280

3,160

3,040

2,860

2,680

2,560

2,560

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,580

July.

2,500

2,440

2,280

2,170

2,060

1,960

1,860

1,810

1,660

1,420

1,420

1,510

1,560.

1,560

1,560

1,510

1,330

1,330

1,290

1,260

1,330

1,290

1,220

1,100

1,130

1 190

1*190

1,160

1,130

1,100

1,020

Aug.

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,075

1,100

1,160

1,080

1,160

1,190

1,260

1,330

1,460

1,460

1,330

1,420

1,560

1,760

1,860

1,860

1,660

1,370

1,260

1,220

1,160

1,100

1 080

1,050

1.080

1,100

1,100

Sept.

1,100

1,080

1,050

1,000

1,080

1,130

1,220

1,370

1,460

1,420

1,330

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,290

1 330

l'370

1 330

1 330

1,290

1 190

l'l60

1,050

1,020

1,000

985

QftC

1,000

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 31.
STKEAMS TKIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 41

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at New London, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,240 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May- ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-Ieet.

Maximum.

3,100 

3,220 

2,560 

1.140 

910 

5,900 

8,060 

4,270 

3,850 

2,500 

1,860 

1,460

8,060

Minimum.

1,420 

2,500 

1,140 

910 

840 

910 

3,760 

1,760 

1,810 

1,020 

1.050 

965

840

Mean.

2,010 

2,950 

1,700 

1,030 

875 

2,030 

4,970 

2,990 

2,850 

1,530 

1,270 

1,180

2,120

Per 

square 

mile.

0.897 

1.32 

.759 

.460 

.391 

.906 

2.22 

1.33 

1.27 

.683 

.567 

.527

.946

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area);

1.03

1.47 

.88 

.53 

.41 

1.04 

2.48 

1.53 

1.42 

.79 

.65 

.59

12.82

WEST BRANCH OF WOLF RIVER AT NEOPIT, WIS. jf

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 29N., R. 14 E., at dam and power plant at Neopit, Shawano 

County, a station on Wisconsin Northern Railroad, 20 miles north of Shawano; 

about 11 miles above confluence of Wolf River and West Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 108 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 25, 1911, to February 7, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff, head and tail race gages.

DETERMINATION OF FLOW. Observations of the head of water flowing over the spillway, the head on the wheels, and the kilowatt output as measured at the switchboard are taken at 6, 7, and 10 a. m. and at 3, 6, and 10 p. m. The flow at these 

times is determined by means of a curve developed by current-meter measurements, and the computed discharge is then weighted in accordance with the 

elapsed interval.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge recorded during year, 169 

second-feet, January 7; minimum daily discharge, 62 second-feet December 10.

1911-1917: Maximum daily discharge, 999 second-feet, July 24, 1912; minimum 

daily discharge, 17 second-feet, August 30,1914. Extremes are caused by regulation, and are not natural.

ACCURACY. Rating tables used in determination of daily discharge based on 

numerous measurements made throughout the year. Conditions relative to 

leakage and plant equipment are becoming more unsatisfactory; records published for year only fair.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

, in second-feet, of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis.,for ike period 

Oct. 1, 1916, to Feb. 7, 1917.

Day.

1.............

2.. ...........

3.............

4.............

5.............

^.. ...........

7.............

8.. ...........

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

Oct.

122

122

115

110

84

76

84

79

149

128

103

116

86

74

74

Nov.

122

122

124

127

124

91

Irtfi

100

114

Irtfi

82

Dec.

112

110

IAC

113

106

110

116

116

109

fi9

107

110

104

95

82

Jan.

100

102

insT*

100

101

98

IflQ

1 19

104

QC

101

102

83

96

Feb.

123

117

125

106

1Q7

19<;

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

OC

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

Q1

Oct.

106

103

130

103

95

103

90

89

68

71

149

153

132

131

139

152

Nov.

121

123

110

105

113

114

109

116

113

80

99

121

117

116

100

Dec.

82

66

87

90

92

96

86

87

96

89

104

91

92

105

98

98

Jan.

» 89

94

93

105

114

103

119

124

106

95

115

140

98

140

118

119

Feb.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., for the period Oct. 1,

1915, to Feb. 7, 1917.

[Drainage area, 108 square miles.]

Month.

October................. .. .... .......

December.................. ............. ...

February 1-7. ............... ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

153 

132 

116 

169 

137

Minimum.

68 

80 

62 

- 83 

106

Mean.

108 

112 

97.0 

108 

123

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00 

1.04

.898 

1.00 

1.14.

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

1.16 

1.04 

1.15 

.30

LITTLE WOLF RIVER AT ROYALTON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 22 N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge at Royalton, Waupaca

County, about 4 miles above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 485 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 13, 1914, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Sloping gage on left bank 150 feet upstream from highway bridge; read by

J. C. Jenson. Prior to August 21, 1915, a chain gage fastened to upstream side of

highway bridge was used. Datum of sloping gage is 0.75 foot higher than that of

the chain gage; owing to change in slope, however, difference between readings

on the slope gage and the chain gage is not constant. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable about 500 feet upstream

from chain gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed at gage consists of heavy gravel and rock;

fairly permanent; at measuring section bed is fine, smooth gravel. Neither bank

is overflowed to any extent at flood stages. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, about 4,800

second-feet March 26; minimum discharge recorded, about 130 second-feet

January 23.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet at 7.15 p. m., June 7, 1914

(discharge, 5,350 second-feet); a higher stage was recorded in March, 1917, but

discharge was less owing to backwater from ice; minimum discharge recorded,

about 130 second-feet March 5 and 6,1916, and January 23, 1917.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 43

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The few power plants above the station have little storage and produce 

no observable diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used during 

the year; one applicable for periods when slope gage was read October 1 to 

November 15, November 21-24, December 1-6, and June 19 to September 30 

well defined between 209 and 1,570 second-feet; the other, applicable to chaingage readings, poorly defined throughout. Gage ^ read to quarter-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected 

for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good except for high stages, for which they are fair; 

winter records fair.

'Discharge measurements of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 7»

Mar. 7»

Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

.....do..................

.....do...............:..

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

M.98

62.40

62.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

166

176

243

Date.

Apr. 16

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

 »,

Feet. 

2.47

1 S6

1.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

719

392

214

o Almost complete ice cover. 6 Gage height referred to chain gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.........:.....

2...............

o

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

*

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

680

560

444

371

376

337

314

276

297

314

284

280

314

314

376

Q71

397

386

392

461

CQA

590 5fifi

740

865

nqe

1,010

935

935

Nov.

800

740

740

710

680

650

ficn

680

740

710

680

615

e««

474

442

450 AKn

47c

47*;

492

542

549

540

520

520

495

495

495

Dec.

496

474

4OO

442

406

402

385

380

Q7n

360

355

345

340

335

w;

320

91 A

305

one

290

280

975

270

260

255

260

240

250

230

175

Jan.

160

185

170

17Q,

200

215

175

160

160

170 165

165

160

145

155

160

150

165

175

160

i 5fl

130

135

145

150

170 i<?5

. 255

270

240

Feb.

250

235

195

180

145

175

160

170

170

180

195

 IQ5

180

190

i on

170

185

1 S£

165

1QC

i *\n

IQI

205 ion

Mar.

175

190

205

185

185

240

94ft

9^n

240 240'

635

AK(\

Qor

405

280

260

Q9fi

385

AKf\

665

i t\ftf\

2,080

3 4QO,

4

Kfi[\

4,340

3.390

2

4QA

1,760

1,760

Apr.

1,680

1 300

i 3nn

1,220

1 150

I'l^O

l'080

978

911

846

846

749

666

666

615

666

776

1,010

1,050

978

044

846

720

776

77C

776

776

Oil

May.

1,150

1,010

Q7Q

749

640

615

542

478

AQfi

478

4Qfi

469

428

OQ7

388

OOQ

^Sft

420

496

47ft

4Qfi

469

44A

460

QQA

^71

362

433

June.

384

428

494

438

469

Oil

1.220

1,080

944

846

720

615

566

519

4^

442

347

Q71

4O7

439

461

530

830

680

KOft

560

CQA

Cfll

July.

501

417

OQ7

381

371

Q9Q

284

" 3ni

9ftQ

QT A

332

366

332

000

QT Q

289

w?

Q1 A

qoo

9.1 ft

267

oen

97fi

276

945

236

997

ISA

1QO

1QA

Aug.

1Q9

193

207

997

301

245

VC7

293

w<;

Q47

W!

305

276

301

366

402

501

997

941

941

234

941

91*;

205

207

227

211

91 *;

225

91 Q

Sept.

991

221

91 Q

225

267

352

AOQ

530

qofi

356

Q1 Q

301

QCft

337

QOQ

386

301 Q-1Q

Qlft

97fi

280

9H7

267

O7fi

280

276

97ft

241

227

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16-20, 25-30, and Dec. 7 to Mar. 31.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.]

Month.

November. ........................ . .....

Julv... ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.010 

800 

496 

270 

250 

4,560 

1,680 

1,150 

1,220 

501 

402 

530

4,560

Minimum.

280 

442 

175 

130 

145 

175 

615 

328 

347 

186 

193 

219

' 130

Mean.

515 

579 

326 

172 

185 

1,050 

955 

520 

591 

306 

268 

302

482

Per 

square 

mile.

1.06 

1.19 

'.672 

.355 

.381 

2.16 

1.97 

1.07 

1.22 

.631 

. 553 

.623

.994

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

1.22 

1.33

.77 

.41 

.40 

2.49 

2.20 

1.23 

1.36 

.73 

.64 

.70

13.48

WATTPACA RIVER NEAR WEYATTWEGA, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sec. 1, T. 21 N., R. 12 E., and sec. 6, T. 21 N., R. 13 E., 

at highway bridge 2| miles west of Weyauwega, Waupaca County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 308 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28, 1916, to October 18, 1917, when station was moved 

one mile upstream.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to top chord, downstream truss, across left channel; read 

by Otto Reek and Harry Radtke.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

about 300 feet above bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of cuarse gravel; clean and free from aquatic 

grass. Control is a fairly well defined riffle about 30 feet downstream from gage. 

Right bank high, wooded, and will be overflowed only occasionally; left bank low 

and subject to overflow; road is high, so that during ordinary flood stages all the 

water passes under the bridge.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records 

6.1 feet March 23, 1917; owing to ice effect maximum discharge occurred about 

March 25, and has been estimated at 920 second-feet. Minimum discharge 

about 130 second-feet, February 13, 1917.

REGULATION. Several power plants at Waupaca and above on the main stream and 

also several on the Crystal River cause slight fluctuations during low stages. 

The pondage at the various plants is small; mean monthly discharge is believed 

to represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation assumed practically permanent. Rating 

curve based on 7 current-meter measurements made in 1916 and 1917 and 4 

measurements made in 1918 at the new site 1 mile upstream; curve fairly well 

defined between 158 and 448 second-feet; above 448 second-feet rating curve is 

an extension and subject to possible error. Gage read to hundredths once daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to the rating table; 

except for periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for 

which it was obtained by applying to rating table gage height corrected for ice 

effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records probably not better than fair for entire period.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 45

Discharge measurements of Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., during the period 

Oct. 1, 1916) to Oct. 26, 1917.

Date.

Mar. 6«

Apr. 17

Made by_

E.L.Williams--. ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.87

3.02

1.68

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

170

170

176

327

Date.

July 7...

Sept. 7

Oct. 26

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.99

1.50

1.58

1.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

404

250

626.5

6289

<* Complete ice cover at control. 6 Discharge measured at the site of new station one mile upstream.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., for the period 

June 28, 1916 to Nov. 18, 1917.

Day.

1916. 

1...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13

14...............

15

June.

Day.

1916-17. 

1. ..................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8. ..................

9...................

10..................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22. ..................

23...................

24...................

25....................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

July.

303

350 

289 

262 

225

238 

225 

212 

212 

189

212 

212 

200 

178 

189

Oct.

262 

250 

238 

225 

303

200 

238 

200 

238 

225

225 

225 

275 

238 

275

250 

238 

225 

212 

250

333 

303

275 

275 

428

448 

368 

318 

470 

408 

368

Nov.

350 

303 

275 

333 

318

289 

303 

318 

303 

333

318 

303 

289 

285 

275

275 

275 

275 

275 

275

275 

255 

250 

250 

250

250 

245 

240 

235 

230

Aug.

168 

168 

178 

238 

275

238 

262 

225 

250 

238

262 

262 

200 

225 

200

Dec.

225 

210 

205 

205 

210

210 

210 

205 

205 

200

200 

200 

200 

200 

200

200 

195 

195 

190 

190

185 

185 

185 

185 

185

180 

190 

195 

195 

180 

160.

Sept.

178 

178 

200 

158 

238

200 

189 

200 

275 

200

250 

540 

540 

388 

303

Jan.

160 

170 

180 

190

185

180 

170 

170 

170 

180

180 

170 

190 

180 

150

150 

160 

160 

155 

150

180 

145 

145 

160 

180

180 

160 

180 

170 

180 

150

Feb.

145 

100 

170 

170 

160

150 

150 

160 

180 

180

J5& 

150 

130 

160 

160

170 

170 

170 

150 

150

160 

160 

160 

170 

145

200 

180 

180

Day.

1916. 

16............... .

17............... .

18............... .

19............... .

20............... .

21............... .

22............... .

23............... .

24...............

25............... .

26............... .

27............... .

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

Mar,

100 

150 

145 

180 

160

180 

180 

ISO 

180 

190

190 

180 

180 

190 

200

225 

240 

250 275' 

335

450 

600 

770 

890 

950

920

890 

830 

. 770 

. 830 

. 830

Apr.

710 

590 

590 

590 

590

590 

516 

448 

408 

408

368 

368 

350 

368 

318

318 

289 

303 

470 

540

470 

388 

368 

350 

350

428 

388 

408 

428 

493

May.

590 

493 

428 

388 

333

303

275 

289 

262 

225

250 

262 

238 

238 

275

250 

250 

238 

250 

250

262 

318 

2S9 

275 

250

262 

225 

225 

238 

225 

250

June.

225 

250 

318

June.

262 

303 

303 

275 

303

368 

650 

448 

388 

333

303

275 

318 

289 

275

275 

250 

238 

262 

250

262 

262 

275 

303 

333

388 

318 

303 

303 

275

July.

238 

275 

289 

238 

262

250 

212 

212 

178 

200

200 

200 

178 

212 

158 

178

July.

262 

250 

238 

238 

225

238 

250 

238 

262 

250

 250 

250 

250 

238 

225

200 

262 

238 

212 

225

200 

212 

212 

225 

200

225 

250 

178 

200 

178 

189

Aug.

200 

200 

178 

200 

189

275 

158 

158 

158 

158

168 

158 

158 

158 

178 

178

Aug.

178 

225 

200 

178 

189

200 

212 

303 

225 

238

200 

200 

250 

250 

250

238 

200 

212 

189 

189

189 

189 

189 

178 

189

178 

200 

200 

178 

178 

168

Sept.

318 

250 

303 

262 

250

262

250 

238 

225 

200

262 

470 

565 

333

289

Sept.

178 

178 

' 178 

168 

262

303 

275 

225 

200 

238

225 

189 

238 

303 

250

238 

225 

250 

200 

212

189

178 

178 

178 

189

178 

178 

168 

168 

168

Oct.

178 

189 

200 

189 

189

16S 

189 

189 

200 

238

250 

275 

212 

200 

250

178 

238 

225

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14,1916, to Mar. 28,1917.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge cf Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis.,for the period July 1, 1916,

to Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 308 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

Julv. ...... ....................................

1916-17.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Disharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

350 

275 

565

470 

350 

225 

190 

200 

950 

710 

590 

650 

262 

303 

303

950

Minimum.

158 

158 

158

200 

230 

160 

145 

130 

145 

289 

225 

238 

178 

168 

168

130

Mean.

225 

202 

284

283 

282 

196 

169 

162 

410 

440 

287 

313 

228 

205 

210

266

Per 

square 

mile.

0.731 

.656 

.922

.919 

.916 

.636 

.549 

.526 

1.33 

1.43 

.932 

1.02 

.740 

.666 

.682

.834

Run-off 

(depth, in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

~t).84 

.76 

1.03

1.06 

1.02 

.73 

.63 

.55 

, 1.53 

1.60 

1.07 

1.14 

.85 

.77 

.76

11.71

SHEBOYGAN RIVER NEAR SHEBOYGAN, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 15 N., R. 23 E., 2 miles west of Sheboygan, Sheboygan 

County, and 2J miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA 403 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of bridge; read by Hattie Opgenorth.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, or by wading; at extreme 

flood stages, measurements are made from Chicago & North Western Railway 

bridge, one-third mile downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control, well defined riffle about 200 feet .below bridge. 

Stream bed composed of heavy gravel; clear and free'from aquatic grass. Both 

banks are of medium height and are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1916-17: Maximum discharge 1,490 second-feet March 22 

to 24; minimum stage recorded, 1.84 feet at 6.30 p. m., September 2, 1916 (discharge, 16 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. At low stages there is a small amount of diurnal fluctuation due to 

operation of small power plants above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined between 58 and 1,040 second-feet, poorly defined outside 

these limits. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for.which it was obtained by 

applying to rating curve mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by 

meana of discharge measurements, observers' notes, and weather records. Openwater records excellent; winter records fair.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 47

Discharge measurements of Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., during year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 80

Made by 

E.L. Wiliiams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.16

3.42

3.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

100

64

74

Date.

Apr. 13

18

Made by 

.....do.................

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.98

2.71

4.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

354

252

, 892

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, i:% second-feet, of Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., for the period 

June 30, 1916, to Sept. SO, 1917. *

Day.

1916. 

1...............

3. . ..............

5................

6................

7. ..............

8................

9...............

10. ...............

11................

12. ...............

13................

14................

15................

June. July.

149

OK

107

Q1

83

78

83

83

£3

54

66

62

58

64

K1

Aug.

62

54

FO

56

181

132

83

QQ

70

CO

99

oo

99

76

62

Sept.

53

OO

26

07

64

66

81

62

66

62

KA

CO

51

Day.

1916. 

16................

17................

19

20................

21................

99

00

OK

26. ...............

27................

28. ...............

29

Ofl

01

June. July.

115

112

58

83

54

66

70

62

53

62

66

62

49

47

32

49

Aug.

58

58

62

62

56

51

54

56

51

54

58

70

47

49

44

51

Sept".

62

53

54

66

70

47

45

60

74

34

62

62

78

115

Day.

1916-17. 

1......... ......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8............. .

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15....:..........

16...............

17...............

18............... 19..............:

20...............

21............. .

22...............

23............. .

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

so............ ..r

31...............

Oct.

78

66

68

60

40

64

94

70

66

76

54

58

94

54

66

74

88

88

62

99

126

208

212

149

181

389

244

200

212

212

264

Nov.

305

216

212

264

244

228

264

326

389

284

244

244

232

236

160

135

146

452

494

410

452

944

536

450

430

4QA

450

450

452

Dec.

 347

368

347

347

368

494

473

326

325

325

305

305

285

285

270

255

oj f;

225

205

185

165

130

145

165

150

135

130

100

Jan.

120

115

110

105

100

125

85

90

QK

105

105

70

55

70

f;n

cri

VI

70

85

50

55

50

40

40

65

105

40

40

40

40

Feb.

60

40

50

40

40

'40

40

65

VI

80

60

50

50

40

40

65

Kfl

40

40

40

70

80

80

80

60

80

Kf\

an

Mar.

60

40

40

40

70

90

60

40

Qf\

70

80

205

OQfi

580

850

715

850

f\AK

1,040

1,290

1 4Qft

1,490

1,390

1,340

1,340

1,290

1,240

i IQA

Apr.

1,090

992

944

897

897

897

805

624

4.O1

410

431

368

264

264

Ofid.

305

624

580

47°»

389

AQA

452

494

410

431

536

May.

1,340

1,090

624

515

515

431

536

QOG

284

264

174

1OQ

146 is*;

19Q 

146

152

100

264

Of

00Q

389

284

284

264

264

1QO

244

284

June.

326

805

1,440

1,090

713

851

992

805

558

897

897

713

668

668

494

431

410

264

<U7

224

159

115

368

494

494

410

536

668

Ken

July.

244

284

264

305

264

204

212

185

126

IfU

166

115

139

121

IRQ

228

QQ

126

166

135

Ofid

166

170

146

181

86

170

Aug.

99

99

66

107

104

81

166

126

115

94

121

104

149

81

101

42

78

76

78

99

146

110

110

101

76

156

S1

83

70

58

94

Sept.

110

49

62

72

216

91

%

101

94

66

40

83

66

91

107

. 88

QQ

91

86

94

94

QQ

86

76

70

99

81

79

81

01

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16, Nov. 25-29; Dec. 9 to Mar, 31.
48 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Sheloygan-River near Sheboygan, Wis.,for the period July 1, 1916.

to Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 403 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

July...........................................

1916-17.

March. ........................................

May

July...........................................

The year ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

149 

181 

135

389 

944 

494 

125 

80 

1,490 

1,090 

1,340 

1,440 

305 

166 

216

1,490

Minimum.

32

44 

23

40 

135 

100 

40 

40 

40 

244 

91 

115 

86 

42 

40

40

Mean.

71.5 

68.8 

60.6

 123 

318 

251 

75.5 

55.0 

698 

550 

354 

601 

177 

99.1 

88.4

286

Per 

square 

mile.

0.177 

.171 

.150

.305 

.864 

.623 

.187 

.136 

1.73 

1.36 

.878 

1.49 

.439 

.246 

.219

.710

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.20 

.20

.17

.35 

.96 

.72 

.22 

.14 

1.99 

1.52 

1.01 

1.66 

.51 

.28 

.24

9.60

MILWAUKEE RIVER. NEAR MILWAUKEE, WIS.

LOCATION. In NW. \ sec. 5, T. 7 N., R. 22 E., immediately above an old quarry near 

north limits of Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, about half mile below concrete 

highway bridge and 1 mile above Mineral Spring road; 5J miles above confluence 

of Milwaukee and Menominee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 661 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 30,1914, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm supported by posts set in concrete 

foundations on the left bank of the river; read by Mrs. Joe Wangard.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of channel at gage heavy gravel. About 200 feet 

below the gage is a rock outcrop with a 4-foot fall which forms the control, and is 

probably permanent. Below the control the river flows in an artificial channel 

which at one time was a quarry. Left bank above and below the control high 

and not subject to overflow; right bank above control of medium height; below 

the control the right bank is artificial and of such height that overflow will rarely 

occur.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading immediately above the gage section; 

at medium and high stages from the lower members of a wooden railroad bridge 

about 700 feet below the gage; bridge crosses an abandoned quarry and the channel beneath, being artificial, affords an excellent measuring section. During the 

summer of 1917 the bridge burned down and at present there is no suitable point 

for high-water measurements.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 5.5 feet at 5 p.m. 

March 25 (discharge, about 5,160 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.62 

foot at 5.30 a. m. September 2 (discharge 48 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded 5.58 feet February 24,1915 (discharge 5,280 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.50 foot at 8.30 p. m. August 2, 1916 (discharge, about 26 second-feet). *

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
STREAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 49

REGULATION. No diurnal fluctuation at the gage resulting from operation of small 

plants above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Eating curve well defined between 88 and 3,710 second-feet; poorly defined outside these limits. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by 

applying to rating table mean of daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Openwater records excellent, except for extreme high and low stages, for which they 

are only fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 6

Dec 27<*

Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00

1.65

1.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

137

152

119

Date. Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do.................

R.TfTKilgore..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.06

1.66

1.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

Ill

576

OQQ

a. Incomplete ice cover at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3... . ...........

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

282

282

225

195

166

154

154

140

140

150

120

177

177

177

166

177

177

177

235

494

650

734

734

692

1,180

1,460

1 IfiO

1,220

908

734

650

Nov.

692

692

610

532

494

494

460

400

820

997

908

777

908

820

532

650

650

610

4O4

569

569

650

1,090

1,460

692

864

908

734

610

Dec.

569

532

494

427

420

427

347

295

265

235

210

185

165

14K

130

130

130

130

14.K

145

120

140

165

170

115

130

111

185

210

175

185

Jan.

110

140

175

165

135

125

100

130

165

175

120

130

100

100

115

80

100

100

110

95

115

120

100

90

80

55

100

110

120 inn

115

Feb.

100

100

100

95

110

145

115

130

105

100

115

130

165

75

115

i^n

115

115 IOA

143

120

115

145

1 df\

145

115

100

130

Mar.

115

120

145

150

115

140

690

1,420

1,680

1,790

2,020

2,140

2,020

2,260

2,760

2,380

2 ORA

2,260

2 OCA

2,380

2,760

2 <W1

3,990

4,270

5,160

4,410

3

OQA

2,500 i TOO

1 360

1^130

Apr.

1,040

952

908

864

927

1,090

1,090

952

864

734

650

569

427

414

400

394

367

414

864

1,360

1,360

1,180

952

734

692

820

820

734

650

734

May.

2,140

1,900

1,570

1,220

908

650

569

494

427

373

367

307

292

276

253

220

185

173

195

185

294

569

1,040

1,180

997

fiQO

CflQ

494

497

334

334

June.

360

610

1,790

1,680

1,570

1,570

1,680

1,570

1,460

1,220

908

692

532

532

864

864

610

404

460

104

307

288

1,900

1,360

1,220

1,270

1 040

1*220

2,020

1 ' 680

July.

1,680

1,460

1,040

777

610

460

460

427

360

276

235

276

215

215

190

177

169

215

205

1fi9

162

136

150

276

241

91ft

IfiQ

166

14O

ino

Aug.

109

104

S3

106

106

83

109

88

114

120

120

86

106

127

109

88

CO

86

on

74

83*7Q

fi9

74

74

7R

ino

QA

74

60

Sept.

109

56

66

flO

114

Idft

oqn

235

ooc

IfiQ

14ft

143

177

1Q1

185

169 I4fi

1K4

1QQ

146

143

140

114

146

154

len

1Q1

177

1 QK

166

..

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 8 to Mar. 8. 

94446° 19 WSP 454 4
50 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 661 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,460 

1,460 

569 

175 

165 

5,160 

1,360 

2,140 

2,020 

1,680 

127 

235

5,160

Minimum.

120 

400 

120 

55 

75 

115 

367 

173 

288 

109 

60 

56

55

Mean.

461 

715 

235 

115 

119 

2,010 

799 

633 

1,070 

371 

916 

151

567

Per

square 

mile.

0.697 

1.08 

.356 

.174 

.180 

3.04 

1.21 

.958 

1.62 

.561 

.139 

.228

.858

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

1.20 

.41 

.20 

,19 

3.50 

1.35 1.10' 

1.81 

.65 

.16 

.25

11. 62*

LITTLE CALUMET RIVER AT HARVEY, ILL.

LOCATION. In NW. J sec. 9, T. 36 N., R. 14 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge

800 feet north of railroad station at 147th Street, Harvey, Cook County, about 11

miles above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 570 square miles (measured on map issued by U. S. Geological

Survey, scale 1:500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Daily discharge, October 1, 1916, to September 30, 1917;

also daily gage-height record collected by Sanitary District of Chicago, June 10,

1907, to September 30, 1916.

GAGE .^Vertical staff gage attached to bridge pier; read by Mrs. H. Wurtman. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river composed of clay and gravel. Low-water

control is at "The Rocks, " about a mile below gage; bed of river heavy gravel;

probably permanent. Banks not subject to overflow. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.1 feet March

14 (discharge, 1,120 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.96 feet at 5 p. m. August 27

(discharge, 48 second-feet). 

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 13.4 feet March 6, 1908 (discharge not

determined); minimum stage, 2.9 feet August 10,1916 (discharge, 39 second-feet). 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent throughout the year;

seriously affected by ice during the winter. Rating curve well defined above

and fairly well defined below 70, second-feet. Gage read to tenths three times

daily October 1 to June 1, and tohundredths twice daily June 2 to September 30.

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table.

Open-water records good; winter records poor.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records from October 1 to June 1 furnished by the Sanitary District of Chicago.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 51

Discharge measurements of Little Calumet River at ffarvey, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Apr. 13... . ..........................................................................

Aug. 25.... ............................:.............................................

 *,

Feet. 

5.00

4.48

3.06

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

681

437

62.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Calumet River at Harvey, HI., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1....... ........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7..:............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

83

107

107

107

107

107

107

127

159

194

194

194

220

248

220

220

220

194

194

170

Nov.

170

148

148

148

148

148

127

127

148

148

148

148

127

127

127

127

107

107

107

107

107

107

142

170

170

170

170

170

194

194

Dec.

194

170

170

170

170

170

170

220

309

309

200

Jan.

290

250

190

Feb.

150

120

150

Mar.

180

358

444

462

1,120

769

642

600

600

600

600

600

600

769

855

726

684

642

559

519

519

519

Apr.

481

519

519

481

642

726

684

684

684

684

684

642

642

600

559

519

519

481

481

444

444

408

408

408

408

374

341

341

341

341

May.

309

309

278

248

220

194

194

170

148

148

127

127

127

127

107

107

107

88

88

88

107

170

220

194

194

194

855

600

444

408

559

June.

600

444

374

358

358

726

684

481

408

408

374

341

358

391

358

325

294

263

248

220

207

170

148

131

127

127

115

123

119

111

July.

107

115

103

94

83

81

99

103

99

98

96

99

107

119

115

127

263

278

278

278

248

234

444

408

309

263

207

170

144

119

105

Aug.

86

77

75

74

70

fi&

67

65

70

65

64 ~ 60

59

57

56

57

59

57

56

54

54

52

57

67

64

59

50

52

51

56

60

Sept.

60

64

59

54

54

60

70ttd

81

91

77

74

74

70

70

68

67

62

57

54

62

75

84

81

74

67

74

74

70

. 70

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11 to Mar. 10 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights and weather records. 

Braced figures show mean discharge for periods Indicated.
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Little Calumet River at Harvey, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 570 square miles]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

248 

194 

309

1120 

726

855 

726 

444 

86 

84

1120

Minimum.

70 

107

341 

88 

111 

81 

50 

54

50

Mean.

130 

143 

202 

242 

139 

483 

"516 

234 

313 

174 

61.9 

69.0

226

Per 

square 

mile.

0.228 

.251 

.354 

.425 

.244 

.847 

.905 

.411 

.549 

.305 

.109 

.121

.396

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.28 

.41 

.49 

.25 

.98 

1.01 

.47 

.61 

.35 

.13 

.13

5.37

GRAND RIVER AT GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

LOCATION. At Fulton Street Bridge, Grand Rapids.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,900 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 12, 1901, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff, attached to bridge; read to half tenths October 1, 1916 to February

10, 1917, and to tenths after February 10, 1917; twice daily October 1 to January

5 and March 12 to May 26; once daily during remainder of year. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 8.8 feet at 5 p. m. April

10; minimum stage recorded, 1.5 feet, about 2 weeks in August. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants above station may modify low-water flow. 

ACCURACY. The two or three measurements made since 1905 indicate that the rating

curve used in 1905 was not applicable after that year. 

COOPERATION. Records furnished by city engineer of Grand Rapids.

No discharge measurements made during the year.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 53

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., for (he year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ........... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...........:...

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11... ............

12...............

13...............

14...... .........

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

11...............

22...............

23...............

24................ 

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Oct.

-i."02~

-1.0

-1.02

-1.12

1.18

-1.18

_ i IE

1 9

__ 1 10

-1.15

-1.05 -1.1

-1.15 -1.1

-1.12 -1.1

Q

_ 7

79

- .75

_ 71:

- .75. 

- .85

QQ

- .9

- .85

Nov.

-0.88 

- .9

- .88

- .85

- .88

- .9

- .88

- .82

__ g

- .8

- .82

- .82

. __ ftQ

_ n

_ 7

- .65

- .8

--.8

7K

.5

.2 

.3

........

3*

.3

Dec.

-0.6

- .7

- .85

- .75

.7

- .7

- .7

- .6

- .5

- .1

- .4

__ IJ

- .6

- .35

__ IJ

- .4

__ IJ

- .5

- .5

__ K

- .5 

.5

.35

.35

Jan.

O AK

.7

4K

.35

.35

s>;

.15

.30

.35

.35

.4

.7

.7

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.4 

.4

.4 

.35

.3

.35 

.35

Feb.

0.35 

.55

.85

.9

.9

Q

.85

.5

.5

.9

1.0

1.0

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.7

.7

Mar.

0.8

.7

.7

.5

.5

.4

.5

.3

3.05

3 O

4.4

4.4

4.45

4.6

3 <\

3.25

3.05

2.85

3 1C

4.0

4.4

4.45 

4.45

A 39

i A*

4.45 

4.0

Apr.

"4." 55"

5.1

5 1 ^

5.28

5.9

6.58

8.4

8 7

8.25

7.45

6.2

4.85

3.02

2.85

2.9

2.85

4.3

5

1"?

6.9

6.9 

6.4

5.55- 

5.3

5.0

3.9

May.

3.95 

d in

4.35

4.1

d 9

2.25

2.0

1.6

1.45

1.25

1.05

.55

OK

.3

.25

.35

1 41;

2.6

3.1

2.65 

2.7

2.9

3 O

4.1

3.9 

3.6

June.

3.2 

2.8

2.65

2.2

1.8

1.65

4.0

4.2

3.1

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.2

.7

.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

......

.0 

.1

- .1

.0

.2

July.

""o.'s"

1.2

1.5

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

~"2."6"

""i.T

1.3

'"".&

Aug.

0.6 

.0

- .6

- .6

-1.0

-1.0

-1.5

-1.5

-1.5

-1.5

~-i."s

.......

Sept.

......

-1.0

- .3

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

~-i.~6

-1.0

NOTE. Gage read to top of ice, Jan. 15,16,22, Feb. 5,15 and 16. Gage heights, Dec. 17-31, Jan. 8-13,23,24 

and 29, estimated by observer owing to ice.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON.

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, HIGH.

LOCATION. At Highway bridge at Freeland.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,530 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1903, to August 3, 1906; October 28, 1906, to

December 31, 1909; January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1917. 

COOPERATION. Estimates of daily discharge were made and furnished by G. S.

Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Midi., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...........

29............

30............. 

31...............

Oct.

1,140

1,110

1,098

1,080

1,080

1,068

1,050

1,050

1,080

1,110

1,140

1,182

1,200

1,207

1,235

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,462

1,480

1,600

1,753

1,705

1,635

1 fiflfl

1,536

1,480

1,410

1 Vil

1,377 

1,340

Nov.

1*300

1,300

1,340

1,360

1,377

1,377

1,410

1,480

1 584

1,635

1,745

1,705

1,670

1,700

1 onn

1 900

1 900 i QAA

i onn

i onn

i onn

i onn

1 900

I onn

i oon

1,985

1 990

1

Q4K

1 900

1^785

Dec.

1,745

1,670

1,600

1,560

I

K'70

1,520

I

Cfirt

i finn

1,863

1

QCK

2,015

2,000

1 oon

1,760

1,522

1 *97

I

co-i

1 640

1

CQ9

1,441

1,365

1

OQA

1 Oftft

I

onn

1 9C9

1 264

1 * 9Q9

1,201

1,156

1,112

Jan.

1,119

1,130

1,112

1 119

1 119

1,115

1 119

1 119

1 119

i' 13ft

I

f OO

1

-iOft

1 10ft

1,130

I

f 90

1,115

1

1 19

1 119

1,112

1,112

1 119

1,134

1,134

1,142

1,150

1 177

1 1 on

1,201

1,201

1 91*5

Feb.

1,201

1,201

1,215

1

QAA

1

QAA

1,215

1

01 c

1,300

i snn

1,300

1 9Q9

1 264

1 9Cft

1 244

1 244

I

OOfi

1

909

1

9<>9

1,220

1 939

1 244

1^244

1 9/Ul

1 9B9

1 9ft4

1 244

1*224

1 244 '

.......

Mar.

1,256

1,300

1,300

1,300

1

944

1,244

1,285

1,300

1,410

1,455

1,522

1,545

1,760

2,010

2,500

2,950

3,400

3,860

3,910

4,100

A >Wt

5,125

5,530

6,250

6,200

6,145

6,090

6,035

5,275

4,750 

4,070

Apr.

3,760

3,285

3,055

2,790

3,285

5,805

7,886

6,700

5,585

4,750

3,150

2,835

2,400

2,190

1,825

1,705

1,600

1,480

1,450

1,560

1,985

2,270

2,400

2,610

2,355

2,270

2,230

2 911?

2,190

2,578

May.

4,770

7,050

7,500

8,124

6,930-

4,370

4,100

3,475

2,875

2,400

1,841

1,450

1,080

1,068

1,050

1,050

1,080

1,098

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,785

3,760

6,035

5,375

3,955

3,285

2,745

2,520

2,409

2

AC1

June.

1,905

1,785

1,600

1,705

2,190

1,785

3,484

5,275

4,600

3 484

2,835

2,065

1,600

1 4sn

I qofi

1,270

1,122

1 050

l'020

oon

Qfift

930

930

900

870

Qon

3,520

5,805

2,735

2,250

July.

3,760

3,285

2,610

2,270

1,600

1,170

1,020

3,620

3,430

3,285

2,835

2,400

1,985

1 600

l',4SO

1,050

930

1,080

3,475

3,683

3,110

2,745

2,400

2,965

3,285

3,055

1,985

i sdn

930

870

Aug.

730

700

646

630

592

550

513

513

540

561

582

620

646

760

786

760

730

730

760

770

675

592

675

770 760'

786

930

1,056

1,080

1,050 

1,020

Sept.

930

960

1,038

1,080

1,050

1,110

1 140

1

100

1 W?

1 OdQ

1,235

1,221

1,200

1,200

1 ICO

1,050

930

786

760

712

700

675

658

646

625

592

571

582

582

592

Monthly discharge of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 2530 square miles]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,753 

1,990 

2,095 

1,215 

1,300 

6,250 

7,886 

8,124 

5,805 

3,760 

1,080 

1,249

8,124

Minimum.

1,050 

1,300 

1,112 

1,112 

1,201 

1,244 

1,450 

1,050 

870 

786 

513 

571

513

Mean.

1,300 

1,710 

1,540 

1,140 

1,250 

3,250 

3,010 

3,180 

2,080 

2,260 

726 

916

1,870

Per 

square 

mile.

0.514 

-.676 

.609 

.451 

.494 

1.28 

1.19 

1.26 

.822 

.893 

.287 

.362

.739

Eun-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.75 

.70 

.52 

.51 

1.48 

1.33 

1.45 

.92 

1.03 

.33 

.40

10.01

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV. 55

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 

HURON RIVER AT BARTON, HIGH.

LOCATION. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Barton, 

near Ann Arbor, 4 miles above the station at Geddes.

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles.

RECORD AVAILABLE. January 1, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow computed from records of operation of power 

plant, the flow through under-sluices during floods, and the depth of flow over 

dam. The flow through the power house is determined from a calibration of the 

turbines by means of a specially constructed weir, the crest of which was formed 

by a i-inch by 5-inch milled plate, the discharge over the weir being computed 

by Bazin's formula for free overflow. The greater part of the flood water passes 

through under-sluices in the power-house foundations, and this flow is determined 

from a weir calibration of the sluices. Water flows over crest of dam only a few 

days during the year.

COOPERATION. Daily-discharge record furnished by G. S: Williams, consulting 

engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Barton, Mich., for the year endmg

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

27...........:...

28...............

29...............

Vt

Zl.... ...........

Oct.

160

165

187

172

158

213

160

151

147

162

188

235

108

ICrt

175

177

250

1S9

293

222

243

173

255

258

250

334

236 971;

336

Nov.

237

230

227

279

209

210

236

9fl<*

040

287

246

101

256

238

232

262

186

319

139

226

217

282

232

261

341

230

283

337

261

263

Dec.

285

309

247

306

376

354

327

330

.409

356

371

382

358

330.

235

253

215

313

252

266

274

262

270

178

305

276

279

316

333

338

326

Jan.

322

279

349

304

369

361

387

378

408

407

304

315

320

244

349

280

273

313

238

289

223

283

250

264

237

278

266

137

359

343

215

Feb.

300

901

304

259

288

268

9<*H

314

235

O4Q

215

IQfi

213

911

234

238

313

164

266

245

255

246

398

366

319

301

416

438

Mar.

428

49Q

428

357

358

343

358

441

387

454

786

810

7QQ

814

778

OfkQ

7Q4

7^1

fiQft

755

741

741

772

814

838

853

950

970

969

890

865

Apr.

886

958

952

1,112

1 fifiO

1.581

1 1O9

1 91>>

1,132

1,132

1,059

987

935

933

861

808

7Q1

1,021

1,032

1,014

988

953

939

938

929

951

941

847

834

May.

822

818

786

759

717

671

674

625

'546 625

523

524

509

511

408

430

410

<*O7

405

369

407

618

736

707

636

590

666

685

639

679

704

June.

770

800

770 ^79Q

670

7<M

QfiQ

QAn

874

969

804

850

693

810

745

R7O

575

561

500

457

475

438

462

501

538

472

498

441

766

792

July.

780

655

593

532

530

537

489

 514

470

434

386

406

449

392

335

392

436

302

340

332

328

286

337

283

287

282

248

256

173

225

173

Aug.

202

162

167

166

225

145

107

114

130

140

138

125

130

127

131

132

133

126

118

135

134

121

130

125

121

120

129

166

131

133

165

Sept.

125

19Q

1<W

147

101

247

387

OCQ

^4ft

331

244

220

244

207

246

204

200

ono

188

107

181

231

85

177

177

158

158

157

193

100
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, IM1?, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Barton, Midi., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

336 

341 

409 

408 

438 

970 

1,669 

822 

969 

780 

225 

387

1,669

Minimum,

108 

139

178 

137 

164 

343 

791 

369 

438 

173 

107 

85

85

Mean.

206 

245 

304 

301 

278 

683 

1,020 

600 

673 

393 

140 

206

421

Per 

square 

mile.

0.285 

.339 

.420 

.416 

.385 

.945 

1.41 

.830 

.931 

.544 

.194 

.285

.582

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33

.38 

.48 

.48 

.40 

1.09 

1.57 

.96 

1.04 

.63 

.22 

.32

7.90

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey. 

HTTRON RIVER AT FLAT ROCK, HIGH.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge at Flat Rock, 2,000 feet below the crossing of

Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railway. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6, 1904, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Staff; read daily, morning and evening, to tenths, by C. L. Metier. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.6 feet, at 5.30 p. m.,

April 7; minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot, September 25 and 29. 

ICE. Ice jams form below the station and cause backwater at the gage; in general the

section above the station is kept open by the power plant. 

REGULATION. At ordinary stages flow of the river is controlled by a dam and power

plant immediately above station, but operation of this plant is assumed to have

little effect on diurnal fluctuations of stage. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO 57

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Flat Rock, Midi., for the year ending Sept*

SO, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.... ...........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

1.1

1.05

1.4

1.5

1.35

1.25

1.4

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.25

1.3

1.45

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.8

1.95

1.8

1.55

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.8

1.65

1.85

Nov.

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.55

1.4

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.65

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.55

1.7

1.85

1.8

Dec.

1.7

1.95

1.6

1.5

1.9

2.15

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.75

2.0

1.9

1.75

1.9

1.85

1.8

2.05

1.7

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.45

9 n

2.0

1.95

2.65

3.1

3.0

2.75

2.6

Jan.

1.9

2.9

2.45

2.9

2.65

3.3

3.6

3.0

2.95

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.55

2.6

2.45

2.95

2.8

2.75

2.55

2.65

2 7

2.15

2.95

2.75

2.65

2.65

2 7

2.5

2.35

3.0

3.9

Feb.

3.0

3.1

2.6

2.25

3.0

2.65

2.8

2.85

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.85

2.4

2.5

2.85

2.45

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.15

3.0

2.7

3.3

3.5

3.35

4.25

4.2

Mar.

3.9

4.0

3.7

3.3

3.15

3.55

3.3

3.9

4.95

3.9

4.6

5.5

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.4

5.15

5.1

4.75

4.3

3.7

3.75

3.7

4.35

4.1

4.4

43

4.8

4.75

3.65

4.25

Apr.

4.5

5.2

5.4

5.0 S.-2

6.45

7.45

7.1

6.25

5.7

5.2

5.25

5.0

4.85

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.85

6.45

6.05

1 31

5.0

4.85

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.3

4.0

May.

4.35

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.75

3.5

3.3

3.6

3.25

3.15

2.95

2.9

2.5

2.7

2.75

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.15

1.9

2.75

3.9

4.0

3.75

2.35

2.8

3.4

3.55

3.5

3.35

June.

3.5

3.7

3.8

3.5

3.45

3.75

4.45

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.1

4.0

4.05

3.9

3.3

3.6

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.8

2.6

2 4

2.55

3.8

3.8

3.25

2.8

2.75

3.2

4.45

July.

4.1

3.9

3.35

3.0

2.75

2.95

3.1

2.8

2.7

2.75

2.75

1.75

2.45

2.65

2.5

2.3

3.0

3.15

2.7

2.7

2.15

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.65

Aug.

1.6

1.55

1.65

1.55

1.4

2.3

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.65

1.15

1.55

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.25

1.35

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.65

1.35

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.45

1.55

1.6

2.05

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.55

1.8

1.65

1.4

1.45

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.35

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.45

1.4

1.55

1.3

1.4

CATTARATJGUS CREEK AT VERSAILLES, W. Y.

LOCATION. At the three-span highway bridge in Versailles, Cattaraugus County, 

2J miles above mouth of Clear Creek, about 6 miles below Gowanda, and 

about 8 miles above mouth of stream.

DRAINAGJ; AREA. 467 square miles (measured on post-route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 23, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain on upstream side of right span of bridge; read by James Palmer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.2 feet at 9 a. m. 

March 17 (discharge, about 8,460 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.45 

feet October 7, 8, and 11 (discharge, 64 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 11.6 feet at 5.40 p. m. March 25, 1913 

(discharge, roughly 30,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.65 feet 

August 21 and September 6, 7, 1913 (discharge, 55 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during much of 

the period December to March, inclusive. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge throughout year ascertained by indirect method, applying mean 

daily effective gage height to rating table; corrections for obtaining effective 

gage heights determined from discharge measurements. Records fair.
58 s

Discharge measurements

.TEE SUPPLY, 1&17, PABT IV.

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 8£>

Mar. 14

14

May 29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

5.00

8.00

6:52

6.61

6.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

247

450

2,750 3,osa

2,240

Date.

May 29

July 13

Aug. 31

31

 ... ...p... 

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

C. S. DeGolyer.........

J.W.Moulton. ........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.22

6.06

5.24

4.83

4.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2.190

1,870

555

239

231

« Incomplete ice cover at gage and control. * Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2. ..............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

98

82

98

90

75

82

70

75

98

98

64

90

124

348

203

154

134

105

124

189

217

203

154

134

114

203

1 zi

154

143

154

134

Nov.

134

178

154

154

154

143

143

98

114

143

154

189

178

203

231

203

203

203

203

245

278

217

231

1,520

709

386

386

430

920

1,050

Dec.

570

386

310

294

261

261

231

178

178

178

189

200

190

180

160

140

130

120

110

100

95

90

on

Q*

160

280

700

1,270

703

371

Jan.

340

400

400

460

1,800

2,800

1 400

600

700

550

320

340

400

380

300

300

240

240

240

240

420

Qftft

800

650

550

480

600

1 CAA

1 ' 400

Feb.

1,100

900

750

650

550

500

480

440

440

440

420

380

320

260

200

150

110

130

260

240

190

150

140

300

1,200

5,000

4,600

2 nnn

Mar.

1,190

920

795

703

703

3,000

1,520

1,050

858

920

4,680

6,900

1,910

2,350

1,810

1,120

1,910

1,620

858

985

1,620

1,620

2,020

5,750

2,020

1,910

2,020

2,240

1,520

Apr.

4,030

3,130

2,120

1,350

1,190

1,350

1,810

1,520

1,050

920

920

1,350

1,050

795

703

703

658

570

592

570

592

493

493

493

474

404

404

404

386

386

May.

404

493

474

456

772

1,190

920

920

680

551

592

493

493

456

386

371

386

371

386

920

703

772

920

1,050

1,620

920

920

1,520

2,350

1,520

1,050

June.

1,440

1,190

1,810

1.050

920

1,710

5,380

2,120

1,440

2,350

1,910

1,120

795

680

592

570

551

474

493

456

404

371

371

2,020

920

570

658

592

570

625

July.

592

738

522

430

386

371

310

493

551

456

1,350

920

570

3,570

2,020

1,270

658

551

493

430

456

430

430

371

348

278

348

297

1,190

795

456

Aug.

310

551

325

234

' 200

189

180

166

166

166

180

166

180

200

189

189

189

166

166

143

143

143

9fln

 217

217

180

166

166

551

474

217

Sept.

200

ISO

625

297

200

200

278

920

551

386

245

200

166

166

166

143

143

143

143

325

258

258

200

152

143

124

152

166

180

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 13-27 and Jan. 15 to Feb. 26, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with records for stations on streams 

in adjacent drainage basins.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 59

Monthly discharge of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 467 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

February. .....................................

April..........................................

May........................................

July...........................................

The year ......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

348 

1,520 

1,270 

2,800 

5,000 

6,900 

4,030 

2,350 

5,380 

3,570 

551 

920

6,900

Minimum.

64 

98 

90 

240 

110 

703 

386 

371 

371 

278 

143 

124

64

Mean.

134 

319 

282 

675 

796 

1,940 

1,030 

808 

1,140 

712 

223 

249

692

Per 

square 

mile.

0..287 

.683 

.604 

1.45 

1.70 

4.15 

2.21 

1.73 

2.44 

1.52 

.478 

.532

1.48

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33 

.76 

.70 

1.67 

1.77 

4.78 

2.47 

1.99 

2.72 

1.75 

.55 

.59

20.08

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 

LITTLE TONAWANDA CREEK AT LINDEN, N. Y.

LOCATION. At stone-arch highway bridge in Linden, Genesee County, 3 miles above 

junction with Towanda Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 22.0 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on upstream side of right abutment; lower 2 feet of enameled 

iron, graduated to hundredths of a foot; upper 4 feet of bronze, graduated to halftenths; read by C. L. Schenck.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,000 feet above gage or by wading 

near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A standard Francis weir, 2.01 feet long and, 8 inches high, 

has been constructed under the upstream side of the bridge. When the water 

overtops this weir it flows over a 2-inch plank about 13 feet long, including the 

2 feet of weir. During the winter of 1916-17 crest of weir was worn down by ice 

passing over it and it was necessary to develop a new rating curve. A tree that 

lodged against the weir June 26 was partly removed June 28 and entirely removed 

July 14. Crest of weir was repaired August 20.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water marks on gage, 

9.5 feel in early morning of June 27 (discharge not computed); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.20 foot October 8 and 9 (discharge, 0.51 second-foot).

1912-1917: Maximum stage, determined by leveling from flood marks, 14.6 

feet during flood of April 22,1916 (discharge, about 2,400 second-feet); TniniTniinn 

stage recorded, 0.18 foot August 20 and 21, September 14-16, and October 8, 

1913 (discharge, 0.43 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except for changes caused by wearing 

of crest of weir by ice. Rating curve used October 1 to March 11 and August 21 

to September 30, when weir was in good condition, well defined below 250 secondfeet and fairly well defined between 250 and 750 second-feet; curves for period 

during which weir was obstructed by tree or when crest was in damaged condition 

are fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good 

for period when weir was in good condition; fair for rest of year.
60 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Discharge measurements of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y°., during the year

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Date.

May 28

28

28

28

June 28

98

28

28

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

ol.06

ol.07

ol.55

ol.62

61.64

61.63

cl.52

cl.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

27 1

9» &.

66.3

 7^1 rt

56.8

57.5

KA fi

53.1

Date.

July 14

14

Aug. 21

21

Sept. 1

1

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

J.W.Moulton. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

heignt.

Feet. 

cl.10

d.06

<Z.44

.44

.64

.62

.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

94. O

23.4

1.54

1.58

2.9

2 0

2.8

a Crest of weir worn by ice. 

6 Tree lodged against weir.

c Portion of tree removed.

d Tree entirely removed and weir repaired.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1........ .......

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

0.68

.68

.63

.59

.59

.59

.55

.51

.51

.59

.59

KQ

.77

.87

.72

.68

.68

.63

.77

1.07

1.07

.91

.87

.77

.77

.87

.77

.87

.77 

.82

.77

Nov.

0.91

.87

.87

.82

.91

.87

.82

.82

1.39

1.81

1.51

1.45

2.12

2 10

1 OO

2

10

2.45

2 79

9 7Q

2.25

2.18

5.1

3.5

2.86

9 4.1

2.51

3.07 

3.6

Dec.

3.07

2.72

2.38

2.51

6.1

3.21

3.00

2.79

2.79

2.72

2.45

2.38

2.79

2.25

2.51

2.38

2.51

2.25

2.25

2.18

1.99

1.99

2.18

9 f^R

2.65

3.36

34.0

20.0 

12.0

8.4

Jan.

7.2

6.1

6.1

9 7

55.0

91.0

VI

22i^l

9 7

8.7

8

1

6.1

4 9

6.1

<\ 1

3 07

3.6

4.6

5.1

4 6

5.1

6.1

6 4

5.6

4.6

A. 9

^ O

4.1 

17

29

Feb.

16

10.4

6.6

6.9

6.4

4.9

4.6

4.6

4 9

3.9

4.1

3.6

3.36

3.36

3.36

3.28

3.21

5.6

7.2

12

20

10

8.4

32

20

oo

OQK

87

Mar.

59

47

22

17

13

12

12

13

11.1

10.7

302

335

136

100

45

f(R

116

71

47

76

116

126

183

305

148

166

1QO

100

160 

71

90

Apr.

314

166

95

57

49

90

80

90

62

45

62

66

76

47

39

36

32

30

30

29

26

23

23

22

18

20

17

16

14 

17

May.

17

25

19

17

40

55

36

26

23

20

17

23

18

16

14

11.5

11.0

11.0

10.0

34

21

31

29

100

80

38

31

55

95 

62

35

June.

62

33

28

23

47

60

365

214

80

142

189

71

44

33

26

28

23

26

80

33

23

19

16

42

28

121

.290

53

61

34

July.

84

74

33

23

19

15

13

32

22

74

29

36

25

24

24

18

16

20

16

12

10

8.2

7.4

6.8

6.1

5.6

5.2

4.6

10 

5.6

4.6

Aug.

3.9

3.5

3.22

3.22

2.90

2.78

2.66

2.54

2.54

2.42

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.90

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.68

1.51

1.74

3.6 

 3.21

2.65

Sept.

3.21

3.36

4.6

2.93

2.38

2.18

2 7Q

4.6

4

0

3.07

2.65

2.12

2.05

1.87

1 74

.74

.62

.62

2.05

.74

.51

.51

.45

.45

1.45

1.39

1.99

1.51 

1.51
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 61

Monthly discharge of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. T.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 22.0 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.07 

5.1 

34 

91 

235 

335 

314 

100 

365 

84 

3.9 

4.6

365

Minimum.

0.51 

.82 

1.99 

3.07 

3.21 

10.7 

14 

10 

16 

4.6 

1.51 

1.39

.51

Mean.

0.73 

1.99 

4.72 

13.0 

22.5 

102 

56.4 

32.9 

76.5 

22.0 

2.42 

2.30

28.1

Per

square 

mile.

0.033 

.090 

.215 

.591 

1.02 

4.64 

2.56 

1.49 

3.47 

1.00 

.110 

.105

1.28

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.10 

.25 

.68 

1.06 

5.35 

2.86 

1.72 

8.87 

1.15 

.13 

.12

17.33

GENESEE RIVER AT SCIO, N. Y.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge one-fourth mile above Vandermark Creek, half 

a mile above Scio, Allegany County, and 1 mile above Knight Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 297 miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological 

Survey, scale, 1:500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 12, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to downstream face of left bridge abutment; read by 

Raymond Sisson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded duringyear, 5.1 feet July 2 (discharge, 3,710 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 26 second-feet February 

13.

1916-17: Maximum stage recorded, 8.7 feet at 8 a. m. June 17, 1916 (discharge, 

about 9,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot August 25, 26, 1916 

(discharge, 25 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

much of period December to March. Rating curve well defined between 25 and 

5,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water 

records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements ofGenesee River at Scio, N, Y., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Date.

Oct. 26

26

Feb. 10«

Mar. 12

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.78

.80

1.66

2.34

2.08

5.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

53.4

56.2

120

Oft

4,670

Date.

Mar. 12

12

12

28

May 31

31

Juade by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

E. D. B orchard........

.....do..................

SB.

Feet. 

5.59

4.84

4.40

3.11

2.19

2.17

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

4,480

3,340

2,790

1,390

679

675

« Measurement made through complete ice cover.
62 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Sdo, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1....... ........

2.........-.--..

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

on

31...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29....... ........ in

gi

Oct.

41

41

47

45

43

43

38

41

41

41

49

45

53

4941

43

43

43

55

53

49

53

51

66

53

43

61

66

61

64

66

Nov.

69

64

69

57

61

57

59

64

69

66

64

oa

114

158

108

108

111

77

77

59

55

59

386

220

224

202

220

690

572

Dee.

438

361

220

265

242

220

242

265

198

178

158

240

140

1 f\fi

160

60

90

60

65

70

60

90

60

75

90

95

180

170

120

Jan.

140

100

70

85

190

2,000

1,000

340

340

QAfl

320

280

280

220

280

260

260

200

120

90

90

95

220

220

280

190

180

100

110

110

100

Feb.

130

120

100

100

110

100

100

110

90

4ft

48

46

26

40

60

90

110

160

180

180

160 i^tft

100

Oft

100

140

2,100

720

Mar.

720

464

438

302

386

990

600

220

198

198

1,150

3,310

1.070

990

750

630

990

750

518

490

850

690

990

2,560

920

1,230

1,580

1,490

13 150

<wn

Qon

Apr.

1,680

1,490

1,400

920

885

990

990

850

750

572

545

630

572

660

40ft

464

361

361

336

312

288

302

274

242

229

202

202

186

174

288

May.

194

186

154

147

331

850

690

630

630

850

630

545

490

438

412

283

312

279

260

545

412

600

600

545

572

490

518

1,070

1,230

955

750

June.

690

600

545

490

438

438

3,050

1,780

2,100

1,580

1,680

1,150

815

660

572

545

4A1

412

386

288

274

242

220

1,310

438

312

780

386

720

490

July.

412

3,710

1,400

815

660

545

464

660

815

660

885

690

518

464

412

326

283

251

885

720

412

293

260

386

361

490

464

279

1,880

1,150

690

Aug.

490

361

298

247

228

198

186

114

412

220

162

121

132

1,680

1,150

690

518

386

298

247

216

172

322

336

216

198

162

128

143

336

361

Sept.

815

990

720

464

386

336

298

307

283

229

194

170

151

125

118

91

88

88

88

88

85

80

69

61

61

61

72

83

83

83

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 13 to Feb. 27. estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with records for stations at St. Helena and Jones 

Bridge.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 297 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

geptfirnbr - - - - - - - -

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

66 

572 

438 

2,000 

2,100 

3,310 

1,680 

1,230 

3,050 

3,710 

1,680 

990

3,710

TtfiniTnyiTti,

38 

55 

60 

70 

26 

198 

174 

147 

220 

251 

121 

61

26

Mean.

49.5 

145 

165 

278 

196 

918 

588 

535 

795 

717 

346 

226 '

415

Per 

square 

mile.

a 167 

.488 

.556 

.936 

.660 

3.09 

1.98 

1.80 

2.68 

2.41 

1.16 

.762

1.40

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19 

.54 

.64 

1.08 

.69 

3.56 

2.21 

2.08 

2.99 

2.78 

1.34 

.85

18.95
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 63

OENESEE RIVER AT ST. HELENA, XT. Y.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge in St. Helena, Wyoming County, 5J miles 

below Portageville and site of proposed storage dam of New York Conservation 

Commission and 9J miles above mouth of Canaseraga Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,030 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. August 14, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder, installed July 22, 1916. Prior to 

that date a chain gage fastened to upstream side of bridge, middle span, installed 

August 14, 1908, and a Gurley printing water-stage recorder, installed August 24, 

1911. Water-stage recorder inspected and chain gage read by Herman Piper.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; shifting occasionally.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

8.70 feet at 11 a. m. March 12 (discharge, 16,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 1.80 feet at 1 a. m. October 2 (discharge, 50 secondfeet).

1908-1917: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 12.81 feet at 8 a. m. 

May 17, 1916 (discharge, 43,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.70 feet 

at 5 p. m. October 5 and 8 a. m. October 17,1913 (discharge, about 18 second-feet).

ICE. StagC'dischaige relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Eating curve for water-stage 

recorder, used October 1 to March 12 and September 17-30, well defined between 

75 and 2,000 second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,000 and 30,000 secondfeet; rating curve for chain gage, used March 12 to September 16, well defined 

between 500 and 1,600 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table 

except for days of great range in stage, when it was determined by averaging 

results obtained by applying to rating table gage heights for 2-hour periods. 

Records good.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y. , during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 29a 

Jan. 296 

Feb. 22b 

Mar. 16 

Apr. 13 

May 18 

18

Made by 

C. S. De Golyer. . 

.....do............ 

.....do............ 

E. D. Burchard.. 

C. S. De Golyer.. 

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....do............

Gage height.

Chain.

Feet. 

4.08 

5.09 

5.03 

4.40 

4.24 

3.24 

3.24

Hook.

Feet. 

4.03 

5.07 

5.04 

4.22 

4.45 

3.24 

3.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

990 

300 

459 

2,010 

1,800 

707 

717

Date.

May 26 

June 22 

27 

Sept. 14 

14 

26

E. D. Burehard.. 

.....do............ 

C. S. De Golyer.. 

J. W. Moulton... 

.....do............ 

.....do............

Gage height.

Chain.

Feet. 

3.96 

3.18 

4.72 

2.72 

2.72 

2.51-

Hook.

Feet. 

4.00 

3.31 

4.91 

2.70 

2.70 

2.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,440 

648 

2,500 

338 

321 

198

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 

b Measurement made through complete ice cover.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...--.....-....

Oct.

Q1

104

111

110

107

104

134

84

142

100

124

114

126

209

195

198

IQA

170

170

OOC

285

9QQ

275

OQfi

224

196

170

175

169

Nov.

177

189

201

209

167

1QQ

174

160

1 KQ

180

229

236

00 Q

o^Q

00 K

415

376

Ocn

Q-IO

396

is*

436

376

1,590

1,310

Qlfi

Cin

am

2 A. SO.

Dec.

1,760 i ion

890

7QQ

ft7O

624

457

436 "436

429

O7n

QOC

260

220

OCA

oon

ion

170

170

170

170

1 on

1 ^n

170

200

oon

Qfin

900

700

500

Jan.

420

460

380

380

1,100

5,000

4,200

2,400

2,800

1 Qfift

1,400

8£0

650

700

700

600

460

360

340

Qfifi

400

cftA

650

700

7^l\

380

340 9J.n

OQA

OAn

600

Feb.

QfiA

Qfift

650

4^0

440

oon

OQA

OQA

oon

170

320

oon

oQA

9fifi

220

oon

oon

260

QA(\

4fiA

knft

j.on

OQA

420

600

3,200

10,600

7,270

Mar.

4,180

2,740

2,090

1,480

738

680

7QO

Q91

820

765

5,200

4,330

3,450

2,030

3 ft tin

3,450

1,960

1 740

3,450

3

f\en

4,100

10,700

4,570

4,570

5,060

S qon

4,100

3

0 en

Apr.

5,850

7,610

4,810

3,050

2 oAn

2 680

4*330

3,050

2,510

1

QQA

1,680

2,100

1,610

1,300

1,200

940

ctAn

850

850

805

760

760

670

630

(ton

510

496

489

454

May.

482

550

590

496

760

2,030

3

ORfi

1,610

2,510

1,880

1,360

990

1,040

850

670

715

670

590

QQfl

1,360

i inn

1,880

1,480

2,030

1,360

1,140

2,680

4,810

3,450

2,180

June.

2,510

2,340

2,030

1,360

1,140

1,480

9,990

4,330

4,100

5,320

7,610

3,250

2,180

1,610

1,300

1,140

1 f\d(\

940

1,140

940

715

590

510

4,570

2 030

1,300

2,510

1,420

oon

1 °60 7

July.

1,040

3,450

3,660

2,030

1,300

1,040

CQK

1,420

1,810

1,360

3,880

2,180

1,420

3,250

3,660

1,540

1 (Uft

1,040

1,250 i lift

895

760

670

510

895

670

940

760

4,570

4,810

1,810

Aug.

1,200

940

760

590

454

428

386

332

326

590

392

314

309

428

2,680

2,030

1 '760 040

590

468

392

386

368

410

550

356

326

276

OCA

404

550

Sept.

550

1,480

2,030

1,040

670

670

670

1,090

1,040

670

496

416

368

326

356

270

247

234

234

KAA

392

292

247

0*>Q

220

204

204

212

216

9nn

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 14 to Feb. 26, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with records for Scio, Jones Bridge and Rochester. 

Record Mar. 13 to Sept. 16 obtained by using mean daily gage height determined from 2 readings of chain 

gage per day; water-stage recorder in operation during rest of year.

Monthly discharge ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.,for theyear ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

299 

2,740 

1,760 

5,000 

10,600 

15,500 

7,610 

4,810 

9,990 

4,810 

2,680 

2,030

15,500

Minimum.

81 

159 

130 

240 

170 

680 

454 

482 

510 

510 

276 

204

81

Mean.

165 

563 

452 

989 

1,100 

3,580 

1,890 

1,550 

2,390 

1,800 

627 

529

1,340

Per

square 

mile.

0.160 

.547 

.439 

.960 

1.07 

3.47 

1.84 

1.50 

2.32 

1.75 

.609 

.513

1.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.18 

.61 

.51 

1.11 

1.11 

4.00 

2.05 

1.73 

2.59 

2.02 

.70 

.57

17.18
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 65

GENESEE RIVER AT JOKES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, JS. T.

LOCATION. At highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, 1J miles below Canaseraga 

Creek, 1} miles above mouth of Beads Creek, 5 miles below Mount Morris, Livingston County, and 6 miles by river above Geneseo.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,410 square miles.

EECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22,1903, to April 30,1906; August 12,1908, to December 

31, 1913; July 12, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed September 11,1915, on right 

bank 60 feet downstream from bridge. Prior to 1915 a chain gage fastened to 

upstream side of highway bridge was used. Datum of water-stage recorder, 

2.73 feet higher than that of chain gage (540.00 feet Conservation Commission 

datum). Recorder inspected by Theron S. Trewer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge erected on lower chord of upstream bridge truss.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sandy clay; likely to shift but, as shown by discharge 

measurements, fairly permanent in recent years.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

23.5 feet at 2.30 p. m. March 12 (discharge, 31,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 0.63 foot at 6 p. m. October 2 (discharge, 92 second-feet). 

1902-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 25.44 feetat noon May 17,1916 (discharge, 

55,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.7 feet at 6 p. m. August 29, 

1909 (discharge, about 18 second-feet). See paragraph headed' 'Records available'' 

for limits of periods of no records.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation due to operation of mills at Mount Morris 

is observable during extremely low water.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shifting; 

affected by ice for much of January, February, and March. Rating curve well 

defined between 150 and 7,000 second-feet and fairly well defined between 7,000 

and 60,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout 

year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

height obtained by inspecting recorder graph or, for days of considerable fltiefeaa^ 

tion, by discharge integrator.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 27

186

Feb. 166

Mar. 9

15

30

30

Made by 

C. C. Covert............

.....do.................

ft.

Feet. 

1.29

3.38

418

2.38

a 99

12.25

7.49

7.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

259

620

487

302 i tAn

4,990

4,040

3,720

Date.

May 23

23

25

29

July 14

Aug. 24

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C. S. De Golyer. .......

&,

Feet. 

4.74

4.75

5.12

3.74

4.10

7.25

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,210

2,230

2,370

1,550

1,680

3,870

613

« Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.

NOTE. Gage heights of discharge measurements July 28 and Aug. 5,1915, as published in Water-Supply 

Paper 404, p. 69, are in error. Correct gage height of measurement July 28 is 3.96 feet; that for Aug. 5 is 

6.01 feet.

94446° 19 WSP 454 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, o/Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. K, 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

166

118

154

160

161

152

153

139

125

183

149

161

165

231

254

271

271

254

238

264

360

399

399

341

323

305

254

254

225

186

238

Nov.

254

288

271

305

254

271

264

246

254

254

288

323

341

360

399

502

502

460

410

460

545

568

502

078

1,560

1,020

935

830

1,580

2,480

Dec.

1,860

1,240

962

780

730

680

612

545

502

502

502

460

17Q

340

300

400

420

400

360

320

340

340

280 9fin

320

360

4.9ft

500

1,000

1,200

OCA

Jan.

650

700

650

600

snn

7,000

5,500

3,400

2,600

1,900

1 W\

900

7sft

850

800

600

500

460

400

320

14ft

460

000

850

750 win

380

380

550

900

Feb.

1,700

1,800

1,600

950

650

600

500

480

480

400

340

300

280

280

280,

280

280

400

500

650

700

700

650

700

1,000

1,800

7,500

10,000

Mar.

6,000

2,800

1,600

1,000

1,100

1,100

1,200

1,200

1,100

1,100

3,200

14,000

13,000

8,000

5,500

2,000

9 nno

3,200

1,700

1,500

3,400

3,400

4,890

10,700

8,560

5,530

5,530

6,630

4,970

4,130

3,310

Apr.

5,990

7,130

6,420

3,900

2,820

3,190

4,390

3,900

3,240

2,340

2,020

2,410

2,410

1,780

1,480

1,360

1,250

1,170

1,110

1,080

1,080

1,030

975

975

865

815

790

765

715

690

May.

715

740

790

740

953

2,180

3,630

2,960

2,150

2,680

2,280

1,720

1,480

1,300

1,080

948

892

892

815

1,030

1,480

1,420

2,010

1,900

2,150

1,900

1,480

2,630

5,780

4,500

2,960

June.

2,540

3,030

2,150

1,780

1,420

1,720

9,440

9,360

4,800

4,980

8,530

4,630

2,890

2,220

1,780

1,540

1,420

1,220

2,310

1,300

1,280

1,000

865

3,510

3,330

1,980

4,220

2,710

1,720

1,660

July.

1,600

3,510

5,560

2,610

1,840

1,420

1,600

1,660

2,220

2,000

4,030

3,240

2,150

3,130

5,710

2,410

1,660

1,540

1,600

1,780

1,300

1,300

1,000

840

892

1,030

920

1,150

2,800

8,150

2,570

Aug.

2,080

1,200

915

815

700

640 565

525

506

665

640

515

470

520

1,990

2,080

1,330

948

790

690

615

555

565

590

590

550

452

416

470

565

615

Sept.

765

1,200

1,960

1,370,

920

815

815

1,190

1,420

920

715

615

540

484

448

399

381

365

361

815

740

492

403

369

357

334

319

327

323

371

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 14 to Mar. 22, determined, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage height graph and comparison with records for Rochester and St. Helena. Discharge, 

Aug. 19, 24 and 25, estimated; no gage-height record.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

399

2,480 

1,860 

7,000 

10,000 

14,000 

7,130 

5,780 

9,440 

8,150 

2,080 

1,960

14,000

Minimum.

118 

246 

260 

320 

280 

1,000 

690 

715 

865 

840 

416 

271

118

Mean.

228 

590 

586 

1,190 

1,280 

4,300 

2,270 

, 1,880 

3,040 

2,360 

794 

681

1,600

Per

square 

mile.

0.162 

.419 

.416 

.844 

.908 

3.05 

1.61 

1.33 

2.16 

1.67 

.563 

.483

1.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19 

.47 

.48 

.97 

.95 

3.52 

1.80 

1.53 

2.41 

1.92 

.65 

.54

15.43
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 67

GEWESEE HIVEB AT BOCHESTEB, IT. Y.

LOCATION. At Elmwood Avenue Bridge at north end of South Park, 3J miles below 

 mouth of Black Creek, 3J miles above center of city of Rochester, Monroe County, 

and 7J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE ABB!. 2,360 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1904, to September 30, 1917. Fragmentary 

records prior to this period published in Water-Supply Papers 24, 65 and 97.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder installed in December, 1910, in the pump house 

on right bank, immediately below the bridge. Recorder inspected by George A. 

Bailey. Prior to December, 1910, a staff gage bolted to downsteam end of first 

pier from right abutment. Elevation of zero of gage, 506.848 feet, Barge Canal 

datum, and 245.591 feet, Rochester City datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. Prior to 1904 

measurements and elevation of water surface taken in conjunction with the 

city of Rochester.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Smooth gravel; apparently permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

7.38 feet at 7 p. m. March 14 (discharge, 14,200 second feet); minimum stage, from 

water stage recorder, 0.95 foot at 12 p. m. October 9 (discharge, 214 second-feet.) 

1904-1917: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 15.3 feet at midnight 

March 30, 1916 (discharge, 48,300 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage 

recorder, 0.71 foot from 10 p. m. September 30 to 4 a. m. October 1, 1913 (discharge, 154 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during a large part of the period from 

December to March.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 2,000 and 44,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by averaging 

hourly gage heights. Open-water records good; other records fair.

COOPERATION. Water-stage recorder inspected by an employee of the Rochester 

Railway & Light Co.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917. *

Date.

l?o

Feb. TO Mar. 8<«

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.71

2.20

2.00 

2.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

859

756

794 

1,220

Date.

Mar. 16

May 16

17

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do..................

.....do. .............. 

.....do ...............

A

Feet. 

5.27

2.04

1.94 

o oo

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,090

1,490

1,320 

3,430

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oenesee River at Rochester , N. Y., far the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

282

258

260

274

274

290

274

282

243

243

290

266

274

282

306

314

366

393

366

375

366

402

440

520

490

450

430

411

375

348

348

Nov.

375

375

393

402

411

393

411

411

384

393

402

402

470

520

520

553

630

641

575

586

619

685

788

1,230

1,520

1,070

1,110

1,040

1,920

2,500

Dec.

1,880

1,370

1,110

980

884

800

740

718

685

608

586

641

697

510

520

402

348

430

402

402

393

411

470

520

375

375

430

4fift

500

750

1,200

Jan.

1,100

850

800

800

800

1,400

5,500

4,400

2,600

2,000

1,800

1,300

1,000

850

850

900

850

750

700

650

600

600

750

850

700

1,100

1,100

850

650

650

700

Feb.

950

1,500

2,000

1,800

1,300

950

750

500

500

500

480

440

420

460

480

500

460

420

500

750

950

1,100

1,100

1,000

1,200

1,500

4 4nft

11,000

Mar.

9,500

7,000

4,600

3,200

2,400

1,600

1,200

1*200

1,500

1,700

2,400

8.060

13,000

14,000

13,000

8,870

5,930

6,530

6,050

4,280

4,490

5,810

5,700

8.330

12,400

8,870

7,030

7,540

7 PlAfi

6,290

5,020

Apr.

4,800

8,600

8,600

7,030

4,700

4,600

7,280

7,540

6,050

4,600

3,400

3,120

3,580

3,210

2,590

2,260

2,100

2,000

1.840

1,760

1,710

1,640

1,540

1,510

1,470

1,340

1,280

1,240

1,150

1,100

May.

1,100

1,110

I'llO

1,160

1,160

2,' 180

3,780

4,380

3,490

2,760

3,120

2,590

2,100

1,880

1,650

1,440

1,290

1,240

1,230

1,270

1,640

2,060

2,260

2,760

2,760

3,030

2,500

2,180

4 &rv\

6,780

5,240

June.

3,580

3,490

3,300

2,680

2,260

2,260

5,460

13,300

10,300

6,580

11,500

11,200

6.530

4,380

3,210

2,680

2,340

2,020

2,260

3,120

2,340

1,940

1,590

2,340

4,700

3,400

5,240

6,050

3,880

2,850

July.

2,760

3,400

6,050

5,350

3,210

2,260

2,040

2,080

2,590

3,030

3,f20

5,020

3,780

2,940

5,000

5,400

2,940

2,340

2,760

2,850

2,500

2,020

1,800

1,440

1,180

1,240

1,370

1,300

1 44ft

5,020

5,930

Aug.

2,760

1,880

f,440

1 250

1,020

932

860

788

729

696

812

824

707

824

908

2,340

2.180

1,520

1,150

944

848

764

685

685

696

707

696

660

630

650

740

Sept.

880

1,060

1,210

2,060

2,000

2,900

2,620

1,040

1,180

1,740

1,370

1,070

884

788

707

652

608

586

597

575

824

1,290

980

729

674

641

586

564

553

564

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 28 to Mar. 11, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with similar studies ffvr St. Helena and Jones Bridge. 

Discharge estimated, because of no gage heights, for the following periods: June 9, 10, July 15, 16, and 

Aug. 28 to Sept. 2.

Monthly discharge of Oenesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage Area, 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

Ma,r<>h

April..........................................

May........................... ...'............

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

520 

2,500 

1,880 

5,500 

11,000 

14,000 

8,600 

6,780 

13,300 

6,050 

2,760 

2,900

14,000

Minimum.

243 

375 

348 

600 

420 

1,200 

1,100 

1,100 

1,590 

1,180 

630 

553

243

Mean.

339 

724 

661 

1,240 

1,350 

6,290 

3,450 

2,450 

4,560 

3,040 

1,040 

1,060

2,190

Per

square 

mile.

0.144 

 .307 

.280 

.525 

.572 

2.67 

1.46 

1.04 

1.93 

1.29 

.441 

.449

.928

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.34 

:32 

.61 

.60 

3.08 

1.63 

1.20 

2.15 

1.49 

.51 

.50

12.60
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 69

CAJTASERAGA CREEK NEAR DAJTSVXLLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 1 mile west of Dansville, livingston County, 2,200 

feet below mouth of Mill Brook and about 22 miles above mouth of creek.

DBAINAGE AREA. 167 square miles (measured by engineers of the State of New York 

Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1910, to December 31j 1912; July 10, 1915, to June 

30,1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff at downstream side of left abutment; datum lowered 4.77 

feet (to Conservation Commission datum, 640.00 feet) July 10, 1915. Gage read 

by Floyd Harter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; shifting frequently.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.3 feet at 7 a. m. 

June 11 (discharge, about 2,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.2 feet 

several times during October and November (discharge, about 15 second-feet).

1910-1912 and 1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 13.0 feet at 9.30 p. m. 

May 16, 1916 (discharge, determined from logarithmic extension of rating curve 

roughly, 6,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.2 feet several times 

during October and November, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations of stage discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; frequent discharge measurements necessary for determination of discharge; affected by ice December to 

March. Eating curve not well defined. Gage read to half tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge October 1 to December 12 ascertained by applying daily gage 

height to rating table; March 1 to June 30, by shifting-control method. Records 

fair.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, JV. Y., during the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 19o

Mar. 9

29

29

May 22

22

June 23

23

Made by 

O.W.Hartwell........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

6.15

6.00

6.88

6.88

6.38

6.38

6.20

6.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

44.7

98.7

365

371

178

177

112

116

Date.

July 12

12

16

16

31

Aug. 25

Sept. 20

20

Made by 

.....do.................

E. D. Burchard.. ......

.....do.................

C.C. Covert..... .......

C. S. DeGolyer.........

E. D. Burchard. .......

.....do.................

as.

Feet. 

7.00

6.92

6.57

6.65

6.45

5.94

6.32

6.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

407

344

203

204

143

52.7

132

127

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.
70 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek near Dansvilk, N. T., for the period 

Oct. 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917.

Day.

1

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

26............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

Oct.

32

28

21

20

19

18

18

18

18

18

16

15

25

32

18

16

15

18

18

23

23

21

20

21

20

20

18

16

16

15

15

Nov.

18

15

16

15

18

16

15

15

16

16

16

19

28

23

21

20

21

20

21

20

23

30

42

102

128

54

36

68

71

59

Dec.

50

39

28

26

26

23

26

42

26

26

25

24

24

24

24

22

22

22

22

22

20

20

20

20

20

20

24

26

28

24

22

Mar.

1,030

928

663

538

460

443

162

82

69

95

1,330

920

365

257

139

65

69

218

214

125

114

90

597

1.140

558

372

432

366

460

286

149

Apr.

730

730

291

271

175

281

276

231

109

136

125

125

120

112

107

102

102

102

97

86

71

65

60

56

68

125

66

58

45

43

May.

39

36

34

36

80

382

271

198

240

253

162

131

126

100

90

75

79

75

73

136

109

158

168

206

179

191

223

253

231

912

674

June.

315

210

165

165

187

257

1,780

1,000

465

1,260

2,240

1,540

1,020

716

495

281

136

267

1,700

1,100

590

206

86

1,380

438

410

1,180

525

410

236

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 12-31, estimated because of ice from one discharge measurement, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph. Discharge for January and February not computed because of 

ice.

Monthly discharge of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. T.,for the period Oct. 1,19161

to June SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 167 square miles.]

Month.

I/

October .......................................

November. ....................................

December. ...................................

March

April..........................................

May...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

MgygiTrmTn.

32 

128 

50 

1,330 

730 

912 

2,240

Minrmmn

15 

15 

20 

65 

43 

34 

86

Mean.

19.7 

32.7 

25.3 

410 

166 

191 

692

Per 

square 

mile.

a 118 

.196 

.151 

2.45 

.994 

1.14 

4.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.14 

.22 

.17 

2.82 

1.11 

1.31 

4.62
STEEAMS TRIBUTAKY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

CANASERAGA CREEK AT GROVELAND STATION, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Groveland Station, Livingston County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 195 square miles (measured by engineers of State of New York 

Conservation Commission.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 5, 1915, to September 30, 1916; February 28 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage near center of downstream side of bridge. Prior to March 30, 

-1916, inclined staff on right bank about 400 feet above bridge, at practically 

same datum (560.00 feet, Conservation Commission datum). Gage read by 

L. J. Dagon and Thomas Maimone.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Creek flows through improved channel which is in gravel 

and is likely to shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.5 feet from 

2 to 3 p. m. July 29 (discharge, 4,170 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

6.7 feet at 6 p. m. August 20 and 8 a. m. and 6 p. m. August 26, 27 (discharge, 

47 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded July 29, 1917; mini mum stage recorded, 

6.5 feet from 6 p. m. September 21 to 6 p. m. September 22, 1916 (discharge 

36 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Observations of stage suspended 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice December to 

March. Rating curve well defined between 35 and 3,000 second-feet. Gage 

read by half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table. Records good except those for floods of several 

days' duration, when stage-discharge relation may be affected by backwater.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y:, during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Mar. 29

May 19

19

July 11

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

9.16

7.16

7.15 

8.40

9.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

432

89.3

90.8 

276

443

Date.

July 13

13

Aug. 25 

Sept. 20

20

Made by 

.....do..................

C. D. De Golyer. ....*

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.28

8.28

6.83 

7.80

7.73

'Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

240

 WJ.

60.2 

182

169
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ............... ....... ..............

2.....................................

3.....................................

4.....................................

5.....................'................

6.....................................

7.....................................

8.'....................................

9.....................................

10.....................................

11....................... ..............

12.....................................

13.....................................

U............ .........................

15.....................................

16.....................................

17.....................................

18.....................................

19.....................................

20.....................................

21.....................................

22.....................................

23.....................................

24.....................................

25.....................................

26.....................................

27.....................................

28.....................................

29.....................................

30.....................................

31.....................................

Feb.

3,010

955

Mar.

675

517

441

422

365

441

403

346

1,050

1,170

460

403

328

221

365

328

221

221

346

OQ9

384

955

460

441

517

517

403

328

292

Apr.

675

555

460

292

938

328

221

212

328

274

204

171

163

139

132

124

102

124

109

109

109

89

95

102

96

83

83

May.

89

155

147

171

238

196

221

171

274

575

595

384

346

June.

238

221

171

139

139

196

1,130

517

403

1,730

695

403

274

204

109

163

132

116

635

256

274

171

139

655

346

256

292

365

310

238

July.

292

328

274

171

147

147

238

274

256

204

655

441

274

517

441

292

221

187

292

171

328

171

132

109

109

116

147

109

955

479

196

Aug.

78

72

72

72

72

67

58

54

72

62

62

62

62

62

54

47

54

72

54

72

54

47

47

50

78

204

109

Sept.

83

50

50

54

62

NOTE. No gage-height record Oct. 1 to Feb. 26, Mar. 6, 7, Apr. 7-9, May 1-18, Aug. 1-4 and Sept. 2-26; 

mean discharge estimated as follows: Mar. 6 and 7, 400 second-feet; Apr. 7-9, 300 second-feet; Aug. 1-4, 

110 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 195 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April.. ........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,170 

675 

1,730 

955

204

Minimum.

221 

83 

109 

109

47

Mean.

455 

217 

364 

280

74.5

Per 

square 

mile.

2.33 

1.11

1.87 

1.44 

.382

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.69 

1.24 

2.09 

1.66 

.44

CANASERAGA CREEK AT SHAKERS CROSSING, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Shakers Crossing, about a mile above mouth, an 

miles northeast of Mount Morris, Livingston County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 347 square miles (measured by engineers of New York State Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Occasional current-meter measurements 1904-1915: continuous record of gage height and occasional current-meter measurements July 13, 

1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on the left bank, just below bridge. 

Datum of gage same as that established on Genesee River at Jones Bridge near 

Mount Morris July 12, 1915 (540.00 feet Conservation Commission datum). Recorder inspected by Mrs. Wm. Russell.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 73

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Firm gravel; not likely to shift; subject to backwater from

Genesee Kiver.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 25.10

feet at 4 p. m. March 12; minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.95 feet at

11 p. m. October 30. 

1915-1917: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 28.92 feet at 1 p. m.

May 17, 1916; minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.95 feet at 11 p. m.

October 30, 1916.

Data on extent and duration of backwater from Genesee Kiver too meager to permit 

accurate determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 28

28

Mar. 86

28

May 21

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

0. W.HartweU.. ......

.....do..................

E.D. Burchard........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.99

7.99

9.58

11.22

14.11

9.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

47.5

49.3

223

367

913

360

Date.

July 11

14

Aug. 23

Sept. 20

20

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

E.D. Burchard. .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.93

11.77

9.03

9.39

9.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.090

966

227

379

405

a Measurement made through complete ice cover. 6 Measurement made through partial ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............. 

2. ..............

3...............

5...............

6............... 

7. .............. 

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13. .............. 

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28. .............. 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

8.25 

8.12

8.22

8.19

8.22

8.20 

8.24 

8.27

8-15

8.33

8-25

8.25

8.27 

8.60 

8.69

8.74 

8.71

8.62

8.56

8.88

9.04

8.83

8.43

8.06

8.03

8.01

8.01

8.00 

8.00

7 Qfi

8.00

Nov.

8.06 

8.40

8.73

8.70

8.35

8.70 

8.72

8.66

8

70

8.86

8.47

8.70 

8-89 

8.92

8.87 

8.80

8.81

8.55

8.72

8.84

8.78

8.75

9.05

9.24

8.76

8.95

8.95

Q -JK

10.03

Dec.

9.29 

9.00

8.67

8.79

8.80

8.68 

8-65 

8.68

8.69

8.51

8.63

8.67

8.63 

8.65 

8.89

8.91 

8.50

8.73

8.80

8.78

8.73

8.80

8.88

8.57

8.57

8.84

8.88

9.00 

9.40

9 97

8.80

Jan.

8.91 

9.03

9.01

9.11

9.50

15.34 

12.50 

10.09

9.58

9.38

9.17

9.35

9.38 

9.41 

9.49

9.48 

9.46

9.47

9.48

9.55

9.49

9.54

9.66

9.70

9.70

9.55

9.44

9.39 

9.44

9.73

10.20

Feb.

10.72 

10.47

9.94

9.69

9.67

9.61 

9.55 

9.55

9.60

9.59

9.62

9.58

"9." 69"

9.94

10.17

10.29

10.10

10.09

10.10

10.23

10.48

11 34

17.88

21.11

Mar.

17.65 

14.22

12.44

11.62

11.52

11.08 

11.16 

11.18

11.37

11.02

13.55

23-60

22.47 

17.76 

14.86

11.18 

11.79

12.71

10.50

10.14

12.05

11.52

12.93

17.82

15.82

13.33

13.50

14.41 

12.83

12.05

11.21

Apr.

13. 81 

14.64

14.02

11.61

10.58

11.48 

12.64 

11.83

11.19

10.27

in fH

10.57

10.28 

9.80 

9.27

9.49 

9.41

9.32

9.33

9.31

9.24

8.85

Q 11

9.19

9 (18

0 11

9.08

9.05 

8.51

O A4.

May.

9.03

8.99

9.02

8.98

9.71

10.83 

11.81 

10.93

10.15

10.51

9.92

9.58

9.26 

9.31 

9.22

9.15 

9.13

9.10

9.10

9.15

9.48

9.60

10.00

9.92

10.10

9.66

9.35

11.22 

13.80

12.36

10.72

June.

10.34 

10.57

9.74

9.56

9.25

9.79 

17.40 

16.13

12.48

12.53

15.91

12.34

10.65 

9.92 

9.44

9.38 

9.18

9.25

11.66

10.26

10.13

9.54

9.27

12.50

11.30

10.50

13.52

July.

"ii'e?"

12.84

"io.'so"

10.50

Q 05

12.57

11.33

10.18 

11.54 

13.56

10.48 

9.72

9.85

10.04

9.66

9.59

9.72

9.72

9.10

9.20

9.00

9.20

9.02 

11.52

15.38

10.15

Aug.

9.52 

9.15

9.10

9.09

8.75

9.09 

9.09 

9.04

9.05

9 01

8.94

8.58

8.65 

9.15 

9.96

9.45 

8.80

8.78

8. 75 ;

8.75

8.48

8.91

8.85

8.91

8.80

8.74

8.72

8.70 

8.84

9:08

9.12

Sept.

8.94 

9.12

9 78

8.98

8.88

8.91 

8.89 

9.70

9.41

9.03

8.89

8.80

8.78 

8.72 

8.67

8.44 

8.68

8.65

8.69

9.33

9.06

8.84

8.75

8.71

8.66

8.63

8.55

8.59 

8.60

8.50

NOTE. Intake to float well stopped by silt June 28 to July 1, July 4-10, and July 31 to August 22. Gage 

heights for following periods are mean of two observations per day on staff gage: July 8-10 and July 31 to 

Aug. 22.
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

KESHEQUA CREEK NEAR SONYEA, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 400 feet above Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad bridge 

and half a mile below gaging station formerly maintained at Sonyea, Livingston 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 74 square miles (measured.on topographic maps,.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 29,1915, to October 31, 1917, when station was discontinued. July 22,1910, to December 31, 1912, at former station at Sonyea.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections; inclined section graduated from 3.0 to 6.0 feet; vertical 

section graduated from 6.0 to 17.0 feet; read by Fred Mott and Mrs. Rose Feathers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel, probably fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 13.15 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 28, 1916 (discharge not determined); minimum stage recorded, 3.8 feet 

several times during October, 1916 (discharge practically zero).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Observations of stage suspended 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent; affected by ice during 

large part of the period December to March. Rating curve well denned between 

1 and 350 second-feet and fairly well denned between 350 and 1,300 second-feet. 

Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, -N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Mar. 9

30

30

May 25

Made by 

O. W. HartweU. .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

E. D. Burchard. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.69

4.89

5.15

5.12

495

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14.2

65.8

90.4

88.7

62.2

Date.

May 25

June 21

21

Aug. 1

24

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

C. S.DeGolyer.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.95

4.80

4.79

4.26

412

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

61.6

53.0

51.8

11.5

5.72

« Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, m second-feet, of Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y.,for the periods Oct. 

1 to Dec. SI, 1916, and Aug. 1 to Oct. 81, 1917.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Oct.

3.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

.8

0

"Nov.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.0

4.5

5.3

45

5.3

4.5

45

6.6

4.5

5.3

4.5

Dec.

8.7

1414-

14

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

15

15

12

10

Aug.

22

21

16

12

19

12

16

9

0

9

0

10

12

15

14

21

10

Sept.

14

19

37

19

16

18

27

OQ

49

21

19

16

16

10

12

Oct.

9.3

15

12

19

35

<?n

24

26

44

22

23

26

34

22

44

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

0

0

0

0

.2

0

.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.0

1.5

1.5

Nov.

4.5

3.9

3.0

5.3

4.5

5.3

4.5

4.5

5.3

7.9

10

10

8.7

10

12

Dec.

10

14

12

8.7

10

8.7

8.7

12

14

16

16

16

21

30

30

28

Aug.

14

10

10

10

10

11

10

10

5.3

8.7

7.0

n <?

49

8.7

19

23

Sept.

12

10

9.3

14

30

19

16

12

10

9.3

7.0

8.7

9.3

8.7

9.3

Oct.

47

27

23

65

164

71

45

78

369

714

329

7.4Q

290

851

538

181

NOTE. No record Apr. 1 to June 30, owing to unreliable gage readings.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 75

Monthly discharge ofKeshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y.,for the periods Oct. 1 to Dec. SI, 

1916, and Aug. 1 to Oct. 31, 1917.

[Drainage area, 74 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

October. ......................................

1917.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3.0 

12 

30

23 

99 

851

Minimum.

0 

1.5

8.7

4.9 

7.0 

9.3

Mean.

0.832 

5.26 

14.9

12.4 

19.2 

146

Per

square 

mile.

a on

.071 

.201

.168 

.259 

1.97

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches oil 

drainage 

area).

0.013 

.079 

.232

.19 

.29 

2.27

CANADICE LAKE OUTLET NEAR HEMLOCK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At foot of Canadice Lake, Li vingston County. Outlet flows into Genesee 

Elver through Canadice Lake Outlet and Honeoye Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 12.6 square miles, of which 1.0 square mile is lake surface.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April, 1903, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Hook, in channel above weir.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Outflow is meesured over a standard thin-edged weir witn 

a 5-foot crest and two end contractions so arranged with needle timbers at the ends 

that the length may be increased to 14.96 feet. No end contractions during high 

water. The weir crest stands 3.14 feet above the stream channel, which is artificial with a plank bottom and vertical sides, and the crest is never submerged 

by back-water. Two additional rectangular gates, each one foot square with 

three complete contractions and a fourth incomplete contraction at the bottom.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice as the pool above the weir is free 

from ice throughout the winter.

DIVERSIONS. No water is diverted from Canadice Lake above the station.

REGULATION. Outflow of lake is regulated by bulkhead and gates at dam above weir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve used is expressed by 

Francis formula. Corrections are made for velocity of approach for high stages. 

Gage read to hundredths once daily. Records good.

COOPERATION. Data collected, computed, and furnished for publication by the city 

engineer of Rochester.

Monthly discharge of Canadice Lake Outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

April.........................

Mean discharge.

Sea-feet.

0.095

2.085

3.634

3.684

3.934

16.289

25.572

Mean

elevation

of lake 

above 

low water

mark.

Feet.

1.328

1 9fiO

.946

.965

1.032

2.028

Month.

May..........................

July..........................

Mean discharge.

Sec.-feet.

13. 170

20.156

22.756

4.197

 3.320

9.908

Mean

elevation

of lake 

above 

low-water

rnffrlr.

Feet.

2.211

2.287

2.608

2.135

1.788

1.728

NOTE. Terminal water surface for year was 0.25 foot higher than that for the previous year, corresponding to a gain in storage of 7,508,350 cubic feet, or a discharge of 0.238 second-feet for the year. This correction 

applied to the above mean for the year gives 10.146 second-feet.
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

OWASCO LAKE OUTLET NEAR AUBURN, N. Y.

LOCATION. On the farm of Charles H. Pearce, 2 miles below center of Auburn, 

Cayuga County, and 3| miles below State dam at outlet of Owasco Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA. 206 square miles (measured on .topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley water-stage recorder in a concrete shelter on left bank, on the farm of 

Charles H. Pearce. Recorder inspected by Charles H. Pearce.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading directly opposite the gage, or from a 

cable at same section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A low concrete control has been constructed about 15 feet 

below the gage.- Crest of control is 1 foot wide and the slopes of both upstream 

and downstream faces are \ : 1. A small horizontal apron built on a level with the 

bed of the stream extends down stream 2^ feet from toe of dam. Mean elevation 

of the left end of the dam for a distance of 50 feet is gage height 1.28 feet; the remaining 50 feet of the crest of the dam is at a gage height 2.13 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

3.47feetfrom 8.15 to 8.30 a. m. June 30 (discharge, 1,070 second-feet); minimum 

stage not recorded.

1912-1917: Maximum stage, 6.4 feet during period March 25-30, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, 2,750 second-feet); minimum 

stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.41 feet at 1 a. m. October 15, 1915 (discharge, 

5.6 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seldom affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. An average flow of about 10 second-feet is pumped from Owasco Lake 

for the municipal water supply of the city of Auburn. Proportion returning to 

stream above the gaging station is not known.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in flow during low- water periods due to operation of mills in the city of Auburn; seasonal flow regulated at the State dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice during year. 

Rating curve well denned between 1 and 1,700 second-ieet. Operation of the 

water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year, except during periods indicated 

in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by averaging 

the hourly discharge. Records excellent except for periods of no gage-height 

records and when there was leakage under control. See footnote to daily-discharge 

table.

Discharge measurements of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. T., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Nov 9

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.16

1.69

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

173

67.2 its

Bate.

Nov.9... ........

Nov.13.... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12

2.18

,

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

159

156

Date.

Feb. 5-- ........

May 15.........

A

Feet. 

2.34

2.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

221

IRQ
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 77

Dafty discharge, in second-feet, of Owasco Lake outlet near Aubwrn, N. T.t fwe the, year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.....:.........

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

OR

26.... ''...........

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

38.0

103

98.0

100

98.8

99.1

80.1

57.0

103

85.8

. .91. 6

92.5

92.4

Nov.

95.7

89.7

88.8

102

10.0

61.8

187.0

70.8

69.3

QO 1

91.0

24.9

112

87.1

83.6

90.3

82.9

75.3

56.1

97.4

88.5

87.3

83.3

82.6

71 f\

59.2

96.3

85.2

122

68 4

Dec.

96.5

90.1

55.0

106

98.8

96.5

CM n

87.9

82.5

58.7

108

98.2

93.3

97.9

102

87.7

75.1

113

107

102

103

109

97 0

69.3

Std 7

117

108

101

114

91.5

75.4

Jan.

104

112

109

92.2

119

116

89.4

116

119

118

130

120

130

120

147

Feb.

175

161

165

158

169

164

171

166

162

209

184

169

160

Mar.

163

158

152

181

177

178

158

172

275

270

282

291

317

364

543

633

704

738

791

807

755

771

Apr.

758

776

787

830

814

836

836

824

811

807

789

761

730

723

685

686

704

671

644

634

591

545

454

355

294

350

348

398

380

356

May.

339

324

307

303

313

323

342

366

404

397

374

360

334

351

335

341

340

318

342

377

399

432

June.

448

434

402

401

407

406

551

745

760

855

908

859

805

677

663

658

726

914

918

939

941

July.

926

919

899

854

825

698

599

579

573

562

506

493

495

394

273

286

346

425

419

418

397

357

320

305

262

234

232

222

220

237

260

Aug.

176

197

194

214

222

211

242

235

236

232

223

236

188

229

211

221

253

270

Sept.

278

248

241

255

242

234

230

245

245

247

241

236

228

221

217

189

212

203

207

207

198

180

182

197

185

181

177

176

186

174

NOTE. During November a leak was discovered under the control, discharging between 20 and 25 secondfeet. This was assumed to have started October 12. The leak was repaired November 5. Daily discharge 

Oct. 31 to Nov. 4 includes this leakage. Mean discharge estimated for following periods because recorder 

was not in operation: Oct. 13-30, 82.0 second-feet; Jan. 16-31,135 second feet; Feb. 1-5,155 second-feet; Feb. 

11-19,160 second-feet; March 9-16, 220 second-feet; May 17-25, 340 second-feet; June 15-22, 740 second-feet; 

Aug. 1-15,230 second-feet. Discharge, July 31 and Aug. 31, estimated.

Monthly discharge of Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y'., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area 206 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

103 

122 

117

209 

807 

836 

432 

941 

926

278

941

Minimum.

olO. 0 

655.0 

689.4

152 

294 

303 

401 

6220 

176 

6174

10.0

Mean.

84.4 

79.4 

912 

126 

164 

358 

639 

348 

693 

469 

225 

215

291

Per 

square 

mile.

0.410 

.385 

.457 

.612 

.796 

1.74 

3.10 

1.69 

3.36 

2.28 

1.09 

1.04

1.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.47 

.43 

.53 

.71 

.83 

2.01 

3.46 

1.95 

3.75 

2.63 

1.26 

1.16

19.19

a Estimated. 6 Sunday.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

WEST BRANCH OF ONONDAGA CREEK AT SOUTH ONONDAGA, N. Y.

LOCATION.' At highway bridge in South Onondaga, Onondaga County, about If 

miles above mouth of creek and about 10 miles above Syracuse.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20.8 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff on downstream side of right abutment of bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Fine and coarse gravel; probably shitting.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded, 2.86 feet at 7,05 a. m. March 12; 

minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot at 6.45 p. m. September 24 and 6.35 a. m. 

September 25.

ICE. ;Stage-discharge relation probably affected byice.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y. t 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

30

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9.58

8.83

Date.

May 15

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell........

height.

Feet.

1 VI

1.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

20.6

24.6

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 80, 1917.

* Day.

3....................

5.......-------.....-

6......-.-.----..-...

7....................

9............--.-...-

10. ..........-----...-

11....................

12....................

13....................

14....................

15....................

16. ......---.-.--..-..

17....................

18....................

1Q

20....................

21.................... .99

oq

24...-...-.....-.-...-

OK

26..-.-----.----.....-

27........-..---......

OQ

OQ

30....................

01

Oct.

1.13

1.11

1.1

1.06

1.08

1.04

1.04

1.04

1.05

1.08

1.03

1.03

1.13

1.28

1.15

1.09

1.13

1.09

1.15

1.17

1.36

1.19

1.15

1.10

1.15

1.19

1.11

1.16

1.09

1.16

1.10

Nov.

1.36

1.23

1.2

1.16

1.36

1.27

1.19

.18

.21

.29

.22

.17

.17

1.20

1.25

1.18

1.19

1.25

1.25

1.29

1.26

1.17

1.34

1.45

1.29

1.19

1.19

1.23

1.22

1.31

Dec.

1.27

1.24

1.21

1.24

1.34

1.28

1.22

1.23

1.24

1.32

1.3

1.29

1.23

1.2

1.19

1.12

1.14

1.23

1.22

1.19

1.2

1.18

1.22

1.28

1.26

1.25

1.31

1.44

1.36

1.24

1.21

Mar.

1.4

1.39

1.4

1.41

2.3

2.66

2.07

1.83

1.68

1.64

1.87

1.78

1.59

1.69

1.87

1.89

2.14

2.59

2.09

2.13

2.13

2.14

2.09

1.85

1 71

Apr.

1.92

2.0

2.01

1.77

1.59

1.75

1.91

1.71

1.60

1.52

1.49

1.49

1.47

1.43

1.42

1.42

1.39

1.37

1.39

1.54

1.47

1.36

1.34

1.34

1.29

1.32

1.38

1.31

1.27

1.38

May.

1.36

1.34

1.30

1.27

1.53

1.69

1.54

1.44

1.39

1.33

1.33

1.49

1.34

1.29

1.26

1.25

1.28

1.24

1.21

1.54

1.37

1.44

1.44

1.37

1.34

1.28

1.3

1.32

1.81

1.59

June.

1.37

1.33

1.30

1.28

1.30

1.38

2.06

2.07

1.65

1.51

1.52

1.42

1.33

1.29

1.28

1.41

1.29

1.25

1.26

1.36

1.33

1.22

1.16

1.39

1.42

1.87

2.37

1 64

1.68

1.55

July.

1.54

1.56

1.38

1.33

1.27

1.23

1.21

1.19

1.23

1.31

1.29

1.26

1.32

1.33

1.48

1.45

1.27

1.22

1.21

1.16

1.16

1.14

1.12

1.09

1.08

1.06

1.07

1.12

1.10

1.07

1.03

Aug.

1.01

1.01

1.00

1.00

1.00

.99

.99

.97

1.04

1.03

1.01

.98

.95

1.18

1.06

.99

1.01

.98

.97

.95

.99

.97

.95

1.04

QS

Oft

07

Ofi

1.12

1.05

1.01

Sept.

1.03

1.01

QO

1.02

OQ

1.02

QH

1 04

98

OS

Q7

on

QC

.95

1.02

1.01

95

OQ

95

cu

94

Q*>

Q1

93

07

1.03

1.01

1.10

NOTE. Observations suspended because of ice, Jan. 1 to Mar. 6.
STKEAMS TRIBUTAKY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 79 

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about 1 mile above mouth of Sugar River, 2 miles 

northeast of Boonville, Oneida County, and 2 miles, by river, downstream from 

Hawkinsville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 303 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 16, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain near center of left span, downstream side of bridge; staff gage on right 

abutment used for high-water readings; read by W. D. Charbonneau.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about half a mile above gage or by 

wading near the cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rough and full of boblders; permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.8 feet at 4 

p. m. June 12 (discharge, 5,240 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 3.02 feet 

at 4 p. m. August 5 (discharge 28 second-feet).

1911-1917: Maximum stage (determined by leveling from flood mark) about 

12.5 feet during night of March 28, 1913 (discharge, about 10,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 3 feet at 8 a. m. September 29 and November 8, 1913, 

and October 8, 1914 (discharge, 27 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION AND DIVERSION. The State dam at Forestport, about 8 miles upstream, 

provides a reservoir with a capacity of about 2,000,000,000 cubic feet. Water 

is diverted from this reservoir during the navigation season through the Forestport Feeder, flowing west to a basin in Boonville. The Black River canal flows 

north from this basin entering Black River at the foot of Lyons Falls. A spillway 

from the basin overflows into Mill Creek, a tributary of Black River. Water flowing 

through these two channels returns to the river below the gaging station, thus passing around it. The Black River canal also flows south from Boonville, passing out 

of the Black River drainage and entering the summit level of the Erie canal (or 

Barge canal) at Rome.

Occasional discharge measurements have been made at three points to indicate 

the distribution of the diverted water. The water entering Boonville through 

the Forestport Feeder has been measured at the highway bridge about 1 mile 

northeast of Boonville. During October, 1915, two water-stage recorders were 

installed on this canal to obtain a continuous record of flow, which is published 

as a separate station "Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y." The water 

flowing north from the basin through the Black River canal has been measured 

at the highway bridge just below the lock into this canal near the railroad station. 

The water flowing south from the basin has been measured at a private farm 

bridge about 1 mile southeast of Boonville. During September, 1915, two waterstage recorders were installed on this canal to obtain a continuous record of the 

flow, which is published as a separate station, "Black River canal (flowing 

south) near Boonville, N. Y."

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

a large part of the period December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 35 and 2,800 second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,800 

and 4,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good, 

except for periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which 

they are fair.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 10i>

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.37

5.24

Discharge.

Svc.-ft.

on -1

Date.

Mar. 96

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.65

5.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

390

CflC

a Measurement made through incomplete ice cover. 

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2.---..-.-......

3...............

4.----..........

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

is

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

335

352

305

205

1Q4

145 111

Q7

78

90

111

127

164

184

216

997

194

OCA

490

680

735

605

410

305

305

275

238

205

184

205

Nov.

IQd.

335

490

580

535

335

194

164

136

184

194

184

194

216

194

184

194

205

127

66

72

90

194

QOA

1 A4A

855

4.KA

227

490

1,740

Dec.

2 7d.fl

2,380

1,460

1 060

1^140

1,370

i ifin

1,290

1,210

1 140

990

7QC1

735

fiAC

535

KrtA

460

440

420

JAA

340

360

420

OCA

OOA

300

300

260

260

300

260

Jan.

300

280

260

OQA

300

OQA

OQA

OOA

OQA

AA(\

340

OOA

5

EA

8

C;A

1 200

1,000

950

900

OCA

7CA

7EA

850

OAT)

800

800

800

onn

7V»

700

650

fiCA

Feb.

600

£.££>

480

420

400

OQA

OCA

QOfi

OAA

300

280

OflA

240

99fl

240

200

ion

180

170

170

170

170

1 CA

lAfi

190

CAA

700

Mar.

KAA

700

750

600

CAA

460

AAA

480

OQft

Af\f\

600

700

800

700

7Sfl

7 Eft

600

550

420

280

OAA

OQA

CAA

950

1 Rftft

1,900

I

OflA

1,800

1 840

2^160

Apr.

3,620

3,880

4,010

3,490

2,740

9 74.fl

2,860

2,620

2 PJQQ

2 J ifift

1,370

QOft

7OC

680

605

630

795

1,060

1,370

9 ftfin

3,880

4,410

4,010

3,620

3 9,fif>

4,010

4,010

2,980

1,210

May.

855

920

990

1,210

1,290

i 14ft

1.210

QQA

QOA

1 ftfiA

1,210

1,290

1,060

QOA

920

70*.

70 c

680

630

605

580

COA

QOA

CAE

1 Q4A

2,380

9 97fl

2,050

1,940

1 540 ;

June.

855

580

605

580

680

1,210

1,840

2,380

2

CfiA

°. AQft

4,140

4,960

4

KAf)

4,010

2,620

1,460

855

535

535

735

990

7QK

680

630

795

450

580

735

990

July.

1,290

1,460

1,140

630

490

370

00 C

OAK.

1 f%d.

OCA

680

AQA

470

390

450

OAC

174

111

66

119

164

127

Q7

90

66

59

72

68

70

Aug.

56

52

49

40

31

33

36

63 ME

205

216

127

111

104

84

72

Q7

111

111

97

11Q

AAA

2 QRH

2,380

795

335

250

390

630

Sept.

680

4.SO

370

238

184

184

174

205

174

111

on

84

fUi

CQ

70

Q7

on

63

Rfi

49

90

111

127

Q7

84

78

59

84

CO

63

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 16 to Mar. 28 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 81

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonville, N. Y. , for the year ending Sept. 30.1917. 

. [Drainage area, 303 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

735 

1,740 

2,740 

1,200 

700 

2,860 

4,410 

2,620 

5,100 

1,460 

2,980 

680

5,100

Minimum.

78 

66 

260 

260 

140 

280 

605 

580 

450 

53 

31 

49

31

Mean.

267 

366 

794 

625 

315 

893 

2,490 

1,190 

1,710 

365 

361 

144

793

Per

square 

mile.

0.882 

1.21 

2.62 

2.06 

1.04 

2.95 

. 8.22 

3.93 

5.64 

1.20 

1.19 

.475

2.62

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.02 

1.35 

3.02 

2.38 

1.08 

3.40 

9.17 

453 

6.29 

1.38 

1.37 

.53

35.52

NOTE. Water diverted past this station by the Forestport feeder is not included in the above table. 

BLACK RIVER AT BLACK RIVER, H. Y.

LOCATION. About one-fourth, mile below concrete-arch highway bridge and power 

plant of Northern New York Utilities Co. and three-fourths mile below village 

of Black River, Jefferson County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,870 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 24 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, spiked to large cedar tree on left bank about 

one-fourth mile below highway bridge; read by Erwin W. Hart.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 100 yards above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of record, 13.4 

feet from 6 p. m. April 4 to 7 a. m. April 5 (discharge, 19,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.05 feet at 2.45 p. m. July 29, when a current-meter measurement was made (discharge, about 16 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Seasonal distribution of flow is regulated by Beaver River flow, Fulton Chain lakes, Forestport reservoir and other storage reservoirs in the upper 

portion of the drainage basin. Some diurnal fluctuation at low stages due to 

mills and power plants above station.

DIVERSIONS . Water is diverted from Black River into Forestport Feeder at Forestport. A portion of this water returns to river through various spillways and 

through Black River canal (flowing north). The remainder passes out of the 

drainage basin through Black River canal (flowing south); the record at the station 

on Black River canal (flowing south) at Boonville indicates the amount of this 

diversion. See also "Regulation and Diversion" in description of station on 

Black River near Boonville.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well denned between 500 and 18,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records goo4 except for days of low discharge, for which they may be poor. 

94446° 19 WSP 454 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Black River, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917. '

Date.

Apr. 1

1

6

7

7

11

July 14

28

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

E.D. Burchard........

&,

Feet. 

10.78

10.83

12.66

12.21

11.96

9.16

5.83

5.58

3.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,600

12.800

17,300

16,400

9.090

3,460

1,150

Date.

July 28

29

29

29

29

29

Sept. 30

30

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.87

3.73

3.72

3.25

3.11

1.18

3.33

3.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,150

1,060

1,060

711

625

25.6

794

857

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Black River, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.............................................

2.............................................

3................. .. ...... ..... ...........

4....... . .... . . ......

5..................... ..... .................

6.............................................

7.............................................

8.............................................

9.............................................

10.............................................

11..................... ..... ..... ...........

12.............................................

13.............................................

11.............................................

15.............................................

16.............................................

17.............................................

18.............................................

10.............................................

20.............................................

21......................................... ...

22.............................................

23.............................................

2!.............................................

25.............................................

20.............................................

27.............................................

28.............................................

29.............................................

30..... .......................................

31.............................................

Mar.

........

8,370

10,600

13.800

17,300

18,100

16,000

14,100

Apr.

12.600

14,600

17,300

19,300

19,000

17,600

15,800

13,800

12,000

9,990

9,170

8,180

7,210

6,010

5,190

5,030

5,C30

6,180

6,880

9,780

12,600

16,000

15,800

14,600

13,400

11,500

10,400

9,370

8,570

May.

7,990

7,610

8,180

8,570

8,370

7,990

7,010

6,880

6,180

5,510

5,350

5,510

5,C70

5,840

5,350

4,870

4,870

4,250

3,950

3,530

3,670

4,100

4,250

4,870

5,510

5,840

5,840

5,670

5,070

5,070

6,520

June.

6,700

6,180

5,350

5,190

4,250

3,670

3,530

4,250

5,510

6,180

7,610

8,570

9,170

11,500

11,500

9,990

8,180

7,060

6,010

4,710

4,100

4,400

4.710

4,250

3,530

3,530

3,120

3,120

2,860

3,670

July.

4,550

5,030

4,710

3,250

3,250

2,990

2,730

2,500

2,250

2,200

2,360

2,860

3,530

3,120

2,240

2,240

2,120

- 1,900

1,790

1,270

1,470

1,680

1,680

1,370

1,470

1,680

1,470

1,270

880

1,180

1,180

Aug.

1,370

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,020

1,020

880

778

1,020

1,270

1,680

1,790

1,680

845

880

950

2,120

1,680

1,470

1,470

1,680

2,240

2,120

2,600

3,120

3,670

2,730

2,300

2,010

1,900

2,240

Sept.

2,240

2,300

2,860

3,250

2,600

2,120

1,680

1,680

1,370

1,370

1,470

1,470

1,100

845

950

797

1,370

880

1,370

1,270

1,180

1,270

1,270

1,270

620

1,270

1,100

1,180

1,100

745

NOTE. Daily discharge estimated Apr. 8-10.

Monthly discharge of Black River at Black River, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,870 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

Julv...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

19,300 

8,570 

11,500 

5,030 

3,670 

3,250

Minimum.

5,030 

3,530

2,860 

SSO 

778 

620

Mean.

10,400 

5,860 

5,750 

2,330 

1.680 

i;470

Per 

square 

mile.

5.53 

3.13 

3.07 

1.25

.898 

.786

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

6.20 

3.61 

3.42 

1.44 

1.04 

.88

NOTE. See "Regulation" and "Diversion" in station description.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 83

FORESTPORT FEEDER NEAR BOONVHXE, N. V.

LOCATION. Slope station .at lower end of feeder, above point where it enters the 

basin at Boonville, Oneida County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Occasional discharge measurements 1900 and 1905-1915; continuous record October 30, 1915, to September 30, 1917. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

GAGES. Two Gurley seven-day water-stage recorders, with natural scale for gage 

heights. Gage No. 1 is at downstream end of left abutment of steel highway 

bridge in village of Hawkinsville; gage No. 2 is on left bank, just below a farm 

bridge about a mile above the basin at Boonville; they are 2.53 miles apart. 

The float wells are 1£ by 2 feet, inside dimensions^ and the bottoms are about 

1£ feet below normal elevation of water surface in canal. These gages and the 

two in the Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville are all set at the 

same datum; recorder at gage No. 1 inspected by Mrs. Anna Zwahlen; that at 

gage No. 2 inspected by Charles Nugent.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the steel highway bridge at gage No. 1 in 

Hawkinsville.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Daily discharge determined by use of Chezy 

formula. The coefficient, "C," is computed from each current-meter measurement and is plotted on a curve showing the variation of " C " through the season. 

A smooth curve drawn through the plotted points shows the coefficients for intervening days. The other factors in the Chezy formula are obtained from gageheight records and cross-section of the canal.

DIVERSIONS. One spillway takes water from the Forestport feeder just below gage 

No. 2 and a second spillway takes water from the basin in Boonville. Both 

discharge into Mill Creek, which enters Black River below the Boonville gaging 

station. No spillway between gage No. 1 and gage No. 2. Other spillways in 

the feeder above gage No. 1 discharge into Black River above the gaging station. 

. Therefore, this station indicates the total amount of water diverted past the gaging 

station on Black River near Boonville, and the sum of this record and the record 

for the Black River near Boonville indicates the total run-off of the Black River 

basin above these gaging stations.

REGULATION. Flow in the feeder is regulated at the outlet of Forestport reservoir.

ICE. No flow in the canal during the winter season.

ACCURACY. Records good except for days on which discharge varies widely from the 

mean, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 12 

31 

31 

31 

31 

Nov. 24 

June 2 

4 

12

A. H. Davisoji... 

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....d.. ..........

.....do........... 

.....do...........

A. H. Davison... 

O. W. Hartwell.. 

.....do........... 

.....do...........

Gage height 

in feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

3.321 

3.556 

3.547 

3.532 

3.528 

3.325 

2.47 

2.49 

2.40

Gage 

No. 2.

1.952 

2.146 

2.138 

2.142 

2.130 

1.885

1.49 

1.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

262 

288 

291 

290 

289 

278 

189 

185 

195

Date.

July 13 

27 

27 

Aug. 15 

15 

Sept. 3 

26 

26

C.C. Covert...... 

E. D. Burchard. . 

.....do...........

.....do........... 

.....do...........

C.C. Covert...... 

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....do...........

Gage height 

in feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

3.19 

2.998 

3.016 

3.280 

3.280 

2.90 

3.045 

3.038

Gage 

No. 2.

1.842 

1.742 

1.746 

1.848 

1.844 

1.56 

1.774 

1.766

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

273 

225 

225 

252 

251 

205 

216 

219
84 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PABT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1.... ......

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Oct.

237

232

258

245

247

250

253

255

251

255

252

253

262

245

232

Nov.

293

300

303

297

291

291

286

290

287

9QQ

300

305

311

June.

150

189

210

193

273

287

9Q7

330

314

320

195

286

276

July.

9fiK

257

260

9QA

289

300

294

280

287

207

278

280

Aug.

233

245

234

217

212

994.

248

230

231

246

243

Sept.

218

227

246

991

233

226 f)***i

94.1

oin

217

OOQ

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

^i

Oct.

231

238

248

257

248

229

248

244

256

256

259

234

275

277

277

9Q1

Nov. June.

263

258

251

306

308

278

293

285

276

276

282

282

277

295

295

July.

276

276

271

261

255

246

241

245

247

256

245

244

266

241

240

244

Aug.

252

250

233

228

227

233

254

230

265

229

239

217

208

227

220

214

Sept.

227

220

226

238

235

235

237

235

243

231

222

231

245

242

252

NOTE. Discharge, Nov. 14-30, estimated at 284 second-feet. Feeder dry from December to May.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Forestport feeder, near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

October .................................................:............

December ............................................................

March

April.................................................................

July..................................................................

Maximum.

291

311

0

0

0

0

0

0

330

300

265

254

330

Minimum.

229

0

0

0

0

0

0

ol50

207

212

217

0

Mean.

251

289

0

0

0

0

0

0

270

263 "233

233

129

a Estimated. 

BLACK RIVER CANAL (FLOWING SOUTH) NEAR BOONVILLE, N. T.

LOCATION. Slope station in summit level of Black River canal, near Boonville, 

Oneida County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Occasional discharge measurements 1900 and 1905-1915; 

continuous record September 16, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Two Gurley seven-day water-stage recorders with natural scale for gage 

heights; they are 1.81 miles apart. Gage No. 1 is on right bank (opposite towpath) about 50 feet downstream from collector's office in Boonville; gage No. 2 

is on right bank (opposite towpath) about 300 yards above Lock 70 and 50 yarUs 

above spillway from the canal into Lansing Kill. These gages and the two gages 

in the Forestport feeder near Boonville are set to the same datum. Recorders 

inspected by Philip Joynt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the steel and concrete highway bridge in 

the village of Boonville, a short distance below gage No. 1.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 85

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Daily discharge determined by use of Chezy formula. The coefficient "C" is computed from each current-meter measurement 

and plotted on a curve showing the variation of "C" through the season. A 

smooth curve drawn through the plotted points shows the coefficient for intervening days. The other factors in the Chezy formula are obtained from gage-height 

records and cross-section of canal.

DIVERSIONS. No diversions between gage No. 1 and gage No. 2. Records obtained 

at this station indicate the quantity of water diverted for the canal from the 

Black River basin into the Mohawk River basin.

REGULATION. Flow in canal is regulated by operation of spillway and sluice gates 

at Lock 70 and also by discharge of Forestport feeder into the basin at Boonville.

ICE. No flow in canal during winter season.

ACCURACY. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Black River canal (flowing south') near Boonville, N. Y., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 13 

31 

Nov. 1 

1 

1 

1 

23 

June 2 

5 

12

A. H. Davison... 

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....do...........

.....do........... 

.....do...........

.....do...........

A. H. Davison. .. 

O. W. Hartwell.. 

.....do...........

'.....do...........

Gage height 

in feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

1.630 

1.640 

1.680 

1.689 

1.708 

1.700 

1.240 

1.100 

1.600 

.840

Gage 

No. 2.

1.135 

1.090 

1.162 

1.712 

1.168 

1.160 

.930

~i.~265" 

.670

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

198 

251 

257 

254 

254 

254 

149 

157 

245 

140

Date.

July 13 

26 

27 

27 

Aug. 15 

15 

15 

Sept. 3 

25 

25

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....do...........

.....do........... 

.....do...........

.....do........... 

.....do........... 

C. C. Covert...... 

E. D. Burchard.. 

.....do...........

Gage height 

in feet.

Gage 

No. 1.

1.52

1.491 

1.434 

1.438 

1.432 

1.440 

1.428 

1.181 

1.571 

1.559

Gage 

No. 2.

1.126 

1.074 

1.978 

.930 

.940 

.940 

.545 

1.110 

1.106

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

190 

180 

181 

178 

180 

176 

182 

145 

172 

174

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River canal (flowing south') near Boonville, N. T5., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5...........

6..........

7... ......

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Oct.

190

185

208

202

207

206

198

207

202

205

304

197

209

191

191

Nov.

251

253

254

249

241

244

244

241

244

263

244

248

255

262

June.

130

157

170

145

211

207

229

245

236

220

244

140

July.

197

176

185

184

196

191

183

195

186

194

180

154

190

189

193

Aug.

181

173

178

180

177

178

178

176

186

178

174

176

182

187

180

Sept.

151

173

175

172

161

163

165

168

169

166

173

167

169

162

168

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

192

188

200

226

225

200

213

215

215

222

228

236

243

234

250

Nov. June.

177

174

177

188

184

183

181

180

July.

192

186

177

178

180

181

179

175

182

183

182

174

189

175

169

176

Aug.

183

185

181

172

176

179

177

172

173

171

165

143

141

165

164

146

Sept

162

IfU.

168

171

169

172

170

171

175

.166

175

172

174

174

181

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 15-30 estimated at 166 second-feet. Canal dry from December to May. 

charge June 13-22 estimated at 190 second-feet.

Dis-
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonwlle, 

N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

February.. ...........................................................

April.................................................................

July..................................................................

The year. ......................................................

Maximum.

250

263

0

0

0

0

0

0

245

197

187

181

263

Minimum.

185

0

0

0

0

0

0

o!30

o!54

141

151

0

Mean.

210

205

0

0

0

0

0

0

189

183

173

169

94.4

a Estimated. 

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, N. Y.

LOCATION. In the village of Moose River, Lewis County, about 3 miles downstream 

from McKeever, 5 miles below mouth of South Branch of Moose River, and 

nearly 20 miles above junction of Black and Moose rivers at Lyons Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 370 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5, 1900, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Staff in two sections on left bank a short distance above the cable; read 

by Mrs. Martha Hannan and H. W. Hoch. Gage datum was lowered 0.17 foot 

February 28, 1903, and again 5.00 feet on January 1, 1913.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable a short distance below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Cobblestones and boulders; fairly permanent. Current 

smooth; depth comparatively uniform. Ice and logs occasionally jam above 

the station on a small island.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.2 feet at 8 a. m. 

June 12 (discharge, about 7,460 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 5.05 feet 

at 8 a. m. August 5 and 6 (discharge, 58 second-feet).

1900-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 16.3 feet during the afternoon of March 

27, 1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, about 16,500 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.94 feet July 21, 23, 25, 26, and 27, 1913 

(discharge, about 42 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. A timber dam at McKeever, 3 miles upstream, is used for power"and 

for the regulation of flow during log driving. Seasonal distribution of flow affected 

by operation of the State dam at Old Forge. This regulation is indicated by a 

record from station "Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge."

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice for a large 

part of the period from December to March. Rating curve fairly well defined 

between 100 and 5,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records 

fairly good except for periods when the discharge is low or the stage-discharge 

relation is affected by ice for which they are fair.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 87

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 7

11

Made by 

.....do..... .............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet-. 

6.27

6.08

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

383

331

367

Date.

Feb. 9«

Mar. 80

Made by 

.....do.................

O. W. Hartwell........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.02

7.64

7.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

333

465

781

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6......".........

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22....:..........

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

715

540

500

460

460

386

404

121

422

352

289

289

289

289

500

441

460

404

422

422

1,200

1.320 '965

760

580

404

422

500

336

460

460

Nov.

460

460

580

625

422

625

580

500

500 fun

760

580

580

500

500

500

500

500

386

460

404

460

386

2,270

2,660

1,080

910

860

810

1,670

Dec.

2,270

1.520

670

965

965

1,830

1,590

1,260

1,450

1,910

1,520

1,200

1,080

810

760

670

600

550

600

600

550

Ann

420

340

130

480

340

380

340

400

220

Jan."

440

650

280

580

280

340

340

550

480

380

400

380

380

340

600

850

700

750

700

440

340

460

460

420

400

340

380

160

300

340

300

Feb.

320

360

320

320

Afin

340

320

320

340

420

220

600

500

420

340

320

260

380

280

360

4flO

460

420

380

220

550

480

t;no

Mar.

650

700

700

300

550

440

460

420

300

80

240

320

480

550

440

460

480

320

480

460

480

480

500

700

750

Gen

1,200

2 660

2,560

2,270

2,000

Apr.

2,090

.3,060

4,490

3,740

3,280

2,460

2,460

1,910

1,750

1,200

1,320

1,450

1,320

1,140

715

860

1,020

1,200

1,590

3,740

5,630

5,320

4,230

3,620

3,060

2,660

2,560

2,180

1,590

2,000

May.

2,270

2,180

2,090

1,910

1,520

1,020

1,380

1,320

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,590

1,450

1,590

1,830

1,590

1,450

1,260

1,140

1,450

1 260

i'idn

1,260

1,380

1,520

810

1 450

l'750

2,460

2

1 Oil

June.

1,750

1,590

760

965

860

860

965

1,140

1,750

1,520

3,060

6,310

2,860

2,360

2,090

1,910

1,910

2,090

1,450

1,200

1,450

1,320

1,140

580

965

860

1,020

860

810

760

July.

910

1,080

1,020

1,080

1,080

860

580

500

580

500

500

910

670

500

441

500

540

441

386

386

441

176

336

320

289

202

230

164

336

OCQ

Aug.

176

164

216

216

fio

126

146

114

304

404

670

230

352

320

230

259

9W

289

151

304

164

103

320

126

422

500

289

320

244

289

oon

Sept.

352

230

500

500

386

289

304

289

87

304

289

151

151

216

189

138

Vf>

259

244

259

230

202

87

352

230

202

259

244

289

103

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 17 to Mar. 27 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph.
88 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y. ,for the year ending Sept, 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 370 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December .....................................

April ..........................................

Mav

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,320 

2,660 

2,270 

850 

600 

2,660 

5,630 

2,460 

6,310 

1,080 6'0- 

500

6,310

Minimum.

121 

386 

130 

160 

220 

80 

715 

810 

580 

164 

69 

87

69

Mean.

502 

736 

865 

434 

379 

754 

2,450 

1,550 

1,570 534- 

261 

256

858

Per 

square 

mile.

1.36 

1.99 

2.34 

1.17 

1.02 

2.04 

6.62 

420 

4.25 

1.44 

.706 

.692

2.32

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.57 

2.22 

2.70 

1.35 

1.06 

2.35 

7.39 

4.84 

4.74 

1.66 

.81 

.77

31.46

MIDDLE BRANCH OF MOOSE RIVER AT OLD FORGE, N. T.

LOCATION. About 300 feet below highway bridge and 400 feet below State dam at 

Old Forge, Herkimer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 51.5 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 9, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank 300 feet below highway bridge; read by Jacob 

Edick.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed near gage composed of stone and gravel. Control is 

rock ledge about 200 feet below gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.9 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 5 p. m. June 16 (stage-discharge relation affected by backwater from Moose 

River). Maximum discharge, 405 second-feet, computed from records at Old 

Forge dam. Minimum stage occurs when the gates of the dam are closed, discharge being due to leakage and discharge through the fish hatchery.

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.3 feet March 28, 1913; stage-discharge 

relation affected by backwater from Moose River; discharge computed from 

records at dam, 760 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow controlled by dam.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent between dates of shift; 

not affected by ice. Rating curve well defined from 20 to 400 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

rating table mean daily gage height weighted on days of changing gates from 

records of gate opening at dam. Records good except those computed from 

gate openings at the dam, which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Apr. 18

18

18

Made by 

. ....do.. ........... ....

.....do................. 

O. W. HartweU........

«&.

Feet. 

0.33

3 OK

3.35 

1.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2.88

426

443 

23.3

Date.

July 18

16

Made by 

.....do.................

A

Feet. 

1.68

1.17

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

38.5

23.6

61.1
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12....../........

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

157

142

142

150

150

150

150

142

142

142

142

150

150

150

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

Nov.

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

115

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

75

80

80

38

24

26

27

28

28

28

28

29

Dec.

30

35

35

32

33

 37

47

53

58

60

60

62

55

45

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

41

42

43

43

43

43

43

43

43

44

Jan.

44

45

46

47

49

51

52

56

55

56

56

58

60

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

Feb.

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

70

70

70

70

69

68

122

165

157

157

157

150

150

142

142

142

142

Mar.

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

165

182

182

182

182

182

182

190

198

198

Apr.

207

198

195

194

193

192

190

190

190

190

"190

190

190

190

190

190

182

182

182

182

180

190

210

220

223

225

225

225

225

207

May.

198

 198

198

150

26

32

43

59

150

207

207

207

207

207

205

165

135

135

97

26

26

30

40

59

182

200

200

200

200

200

225

June.

142

26

26

37

67

200

200

150

80

225

307

405

405

405

405

405

405

290

165

173

173

173

173

181

181

181

173

173

173

173

July.

173

173

173

173

136

60

60

65

65

173

350

158

65

44

34

30

33

135

210

100

25

, 25

25

40

30

25

25

25

25

25

25

Aug.

25

25

25

25

25

25

50

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

92

61

61

63

65

65

65

60

48

26

23

23

27

29

Sept.

30

30

30

28

30

28

26

25

SO

23

22

26

80

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

NOTE Discharge Apr. 3-S, 21-26, May 14, 15, 26-30, June 6, 7,12-17, July 11,18.19. Sept. 1-3, and 5-8 

determined, because of backwater from Moose River or logs on control, from records at Ola Forge dam.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge , N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 51.5 square miles.J

Month.

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

165 

135 

62 

75 

165 

198 

225 

225 

405 

350 

110 

104

405

Minimum.

142 

24 

30 

44 

68 

135 

180 

26 

26 

25 

23 

. 22

22

Mean.

150 

83.0 

43.5 

64.2 

102 

153 

198 

142 

209 

87.3 

64.8 

 72.6

114

Per 

square 

mile.

2.91 

1.61 

.845 

1.25 

1.98 

2.97 

3.84 

2.76 

4.06 

1.70 

1.26 

1.41

2.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.36 

1.80 

.97 

1.44 

2.06 

3.42 

4.28 

3.18 

4.53 

1.96 

1.45 

1.57

30.02
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

BEAVER RIVER AT STATE DAM NEAR BEAVER RIVER, N. T.

LOCATION. At concrete storage dam at outlet of Beaver River flow, about 7J miles 

west of Beaver River postoffice, Herkimer County, and 7 miles above Beaver Lake 

at Number Four.

DRAINAGE AREA. -176 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May. 11, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Elevation of water surface in the reservoir is determined by a staff gage in 

two sections, on the west corner of the gage house; read by James Dunbar, gate 

tender. The mean elevation of the crest of the spillway is at gage height id". 96 

feet. Prior to September 28, 1913, elevation of water surface was determined by 

measuring the distance from the water surface to a reference point set at the elevation of the crest of the spillway. Widths of sluice gate openings determined by 

measuring on the gate stems' the distance they have been raised.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Current-meter measurements made from a temporary 

foot bridge at the mouth of the outlet tunnel, below the gates. Discharge over 

the spillway has not been measured.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Records include the discharge through one or more 

of four 4-foot circular sluice gates, when opened, the discharge over the spillway, 

and the discharge through the logway at the west end of the spillway. The 

sluice gates have been rated by current-meter measurements made at different 

lake elevations but no measurements have been made of the discharge over the 

spillway or through the logway. Theoretic coefficients based on the Cornell experiments l have been used to compute ratings for the spillway and logway.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge of BeaveT River is completely regulated by the operation of the sluice gates.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir recorded 

during year, 18.8 feet on April 22; mininuim stage recorded 4.5 feet on October 19. - 

1908-1917: Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir, 19.46 feet 

March 29, 1913; minimum stage, 2.9 feet September 29 and October 1, 1913.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 1,960 secondfeet April 23; minimum discharge, zero, during periods when gates were closed 

and there was no flow over spillway. 

1908-1917: Maximum discharge, 3,300 second-feet on May 2, 1911.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; probably not affected by ice. Rating curves for sluice gates well defined. Lake gage read to half tenths once daily. 

The accuracy of computations depends to a large extent on the care with which the 

gates were set to the recorded openings. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by A. H. Davison.]

Date.

Oct. 10........

10........

10........

10........

10........

10........

Gate.

No.

4 

4 

4 

4 

1 

1

Opening.

Inches. 

48 

36 

24 

12 

12 

24

Lake 

gage 

height.

' Feet. 

6.22 

6.22 

6.24 

6.28 

6.36 

6.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

131 

118 

99.8 

51.2 

52. 8 

98.0

Date.

Oct. 10. .......

10........

10........

10........

11........

Gate.

No.

1 

1 

3 

3 

3

Opening.

Inches. 

36 

45 

12 

24 

36

Lake

Feet. 

6.40 

6.39 

6.39 

6.42 

1.50

«

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

123 

137 

50.5 

95.6 

118

NOTE. All measurements made from temporary bridge at mouth of tunnel.

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 200.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 91

Monthly discharge of Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 176 square miles.]

Mouth.

March......... .......... .......

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

167 

206 

244 

241 

237 

243 

1,960 

1,010 

1,260 

412 

256 

243

1,960

Minimum.

93 

113 

210 

234 

216 

212 

246 

- 368 

368 

139 

83 

213

83

Mean.

126 

172 

237 

238 

228 

216 

1,080 

588 

562 

211 

221 

231

342

Per square' 

mile.

0.716 

.977 

1.35 

1.35 

1.30 

1.23 

6.14 

3.34 

3.19 

1.20 

1.26 

1.31

1.94

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.83 

1.09 

1.56 

1.56 

1.35 

1.42 

6.85 

3.85 

3.56 

1.38 

1.45 

1.46

26.36

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

EAST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHEE RIVER AT NEWTON FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. 600 feet below lower dam of Newton Falls Paper Co., in Newton Falls, 

St. Lawrence County, 4 miles above mouth of Little River and 10 miles below 

outlet of Cranberry Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA. 166 square miles (measured by engineers of New York Conservation Commission).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 6, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on left bank 600 feet above lower dam; read by Alfred Renaud 

and Henay Van Waldick.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading, or from cable 30 feet upstream%from

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Small boulders and rock covered with waste from pulp mill; 

practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year* 3.8 feet at 6.30 

p. m. June 12 and 14 (discharge, 894 second-feet); minimum stage is reached 

nearly every Sunday during low-water period when paper mills shut down.

1912-1917; maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5.15 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge, 2,200 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice only for a short time during extremely 

cold weather.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation in flow caused by operation of paper mills. 

Seasonal flow largely controlled by storage at Cranberry Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice 

during year. Rating curve well denned between 20 and 1,200 second-feet. Gage 

read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to 

the rating table weighted mean gage height based on observer's notes concerning 

operation of paper mills. Records good.

The following discharge measurement was made through incomplete ice cover by 

A. H. Davison: 

January 18, 1918: Gage height, 1.83 feet; discharge, 282 second-feet.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch ofOswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.......... ....

15...............

16...............

17...............

18... .

19...............

20...............

21...............

22..... ....

23...............

24..... . ...

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

119

282

OOR

304

188

262

262

3(U

262

282

9fi9

262

262

242

148

223

OKA

326

350

326

262

196

304

304

ocn

326

oru

81

196

223

Nov.

262

326

OA4

OOfi

93

99°.

QfM

242

OOfi

9CA

QQ

350

304

9A9

326

326

326

155

326

350

OOfi

326

OCA

376

188

326

350

<tfl9

376

Dec.

350

350

223

350

376

376

376

376

OKA

242

376

4fin

dsn

402

Af\n

402

QQ

OrU

402

402

402

4fl9

350

QQ

126

COQ

376

376

350

326

112

Jan.

223

350

OCA

OAA

262

OOQ

171

242

326

0(M

304

262

326

155

262

9/M

304

OfiA

304

148

Idn

oca

oru

*>f\A

326

304

304

75

262

OCA

326

Feb.

304

282

326

75

262

350

282

242

155

171

282

350

402

402

376

196

f OA

282

304

205

223

205

163

112

54

949

326

OA4

Mar.

262

223

148

99

205

282

304

223

196

205

223

196

171

242

242

282

223

126

223

206

188

OA9

326

326

 \Af\

262

460

460

dan

A(V)

376

Apr.

242

282

350

402

376

350

402

262

350

326

304

350

350

282

205

242

223

242

304

326

554

itfin

554

460

376

376

350

376

350

Afif\

May.

460

402

460

588

658

554

554

588

588

460

402

402

326

522

588

460

402

350

402

350

326

315

304

262

350

304

460

460

304

402

June.

350

402

300

376

376

350

350

402

350

300

490

894

852

852

810

810

350

376

522

430

402

402

402

300

402

376

304

205

304

July.

150

262

304

188

180

180

188

100

196

223

223

242

196

205

119

402

223

188

171

180

223

188

171

262

OAO

402

402

376

200

oru

350

Aug.

180

304

188

490

196

196

188

376

376

350

376

200

350

350

304

350

304

304

326

402

262

180

223

376

350

205

460

402

304

326

304

Sept.

350

210

402

376

350

304

304

326

200

262

' 376

304

282

205

262

205

402

402

402

402

402

402

300

430

350

402

304

350

304

304

NOTE. No gage-height record, discharge estimated for the following days: May 23, June 3, 10, 17, 24, 

July 1, 8, 29, Aug. 12, Sept. 2, 9, and 23.

Monthly discharge of East Branch ofOswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Drainage area, 166 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

350 

402 

588 

350 

402 

460 

554 

658 

894 

402 

460 

430

894

Minimum.

81 

93 

99 

75 

54 

99 

205 

262 

205 

100 

180 

200

- 54

Mean.

264 

298 

340 

271 

252 

255 

350 

429 

447 

235 

307 

329

315

Per 

square 

mile.

1.59 

1.79 

2.05 

1.63 

1.52 

1.54 

2.11 

2.58 

2.69 

1.42 

1.85 

1.98

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.83 

2.00 

2.36 

1.88 

1.58 

1.78 

2.35 

2.97 

3.00 

1.64 

2.13 

2.21

25.73

NOTE. Table shows run-ofE as regulated at Cranberry Lake and by paper mills at Newton Falls.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 93

OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HETTVELTON", XT. Y.

LOCATION. 2J miles above Heuvelton, St. Lawrence County, 3 miles below Rensselaer Falls, and 7 miles above mouth, of Indian River (outlet to Black Lake).

DRAINAGE AREA. 961 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder on the right bank, about 2J miles 

above Heuvelton, installed September 16, 1916. Prior to this date gage height 

was determined by measuring the distance from a reference point to the water 

surface. Recorder inspected by George Todd.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.6 feet 

from 9 to 12 a. m. March 30 (discharge, 11,700 second-feet); minimum stage from 

water-stage recorder, 0.91 foot at 11 p. m. October 16 (discharge 320 second-feet).

ICE, Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

REGULATION. Some diurnal fluctuation due to operation of mills at Renssalaer Falls 

and above. Seasonal flow regulated by storage in Cranberry Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice January U 

to March 22. Rating curve well denned between 400 and 15,000 second-feet. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge June 23 to September 15, 1916, ascertained by applying to rating table 

daily gage height obtained from two observations of stage per day; discharge 

September 16, 1916, to September 30, 1917, except for period of ice effect, ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained from gageheight graph. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 14a

Mar. 12o

30 

30

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gaee 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

2.15

1.72

1.99

7.60 

7.59

5.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,190

1,320

698

995

11,600 

11,700

6,870

Date,

13

July 16

A IIP Id

14

Sept. 27

28

Made by 

.....do..................

C.C. Covert... .........

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do.................

A

Feet. 

4.48

2.95

1.43

1.24

1.22 

1.30

1.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,390

681

606

504 

556

534

Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
94 STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1&17, PAKT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y., for period 

June 23, 1916, to Sept. 30, 1917.

Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. June. July. Aug.

1916.

881

836

881

836

746

746

746

702

662

622

622

662

622

622

685

662

622

622

548

387

387

446

446

478

478

478

548

622

662

622

485

459

478

440

145

180

478

499

478

446

478

360

414

414

446

1916.

020

622

662

746

836

928

881

881

836

836

836

791

702

746

702

662

746

548

513

548

548

613

548

478

446

472

414

414

404

409

340

433

466

392

340

398

325

340

376

375

375

376

376

409

452

440

466

440

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14. 

16.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

1916-17.

414

409

479

694

646

585

534

485

452

459

446

426

392

382

433

578

600

578

638

686

773

900

947

918

835

752

670

646

570

570

548

541

608

710

818

836

791

746

737

710

719

845

854

764

728

854

662

654

630

615

670

702

1,190

1,310

1,370

1,300

1,230

1,300

1,320

1,310

1,230

1,230

1,510

1,840

1,910

1,910

2,040

2,180

2,180

1,910

1,650

1,410

1,240

1,240

1,140

890

881

863

863

836

800

755

710

702

782

758

734

710

710

678

719

1.120

1,410

1,490

1,480

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,100

1 000

900

800

750

800

800

800

850

900

950

1,000

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,000

950

850

800

750

700

650

650

600

600

650

750

800

750

750

650

700

750

700

600

600

700

900

1,000

1,300

1,400

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,300

1,500

1,500

1,400

1,500

2,460

5,670

8,540

11,000

11,400

11,200

11,400

11,700

11,000

9,700

8,100

7,050

6,850

6,850

6,850

6,250

5,860

4,920

4,040

3,370

2,750

2,390

2,180

1,910

1,720

1,540

1,400

1,330

1,430

1,910

2,600

3,210

3,370

3,210

2,820 

2.-530 

2,390 

2,180 

2,040

1,840

1,980

2,180

2,320

2,110

2,180

2,040

1,910

1,840

1,730

1,630

1,580

1,680

1,910

1,980

1,980

1,840

1,630

1,550

1,330

1,230

1,140

1,260

1,280

1,430

1,680

1,730

1,840

1,690

1,910

2,040

1,980 

1,840 

 1,690 

1,510 

1,410

1,410

1,300

1,290

1,370

1,600

3,590

4,920

4,920

4,650

4,300

3,700

3,130

2,600

2,180

1,910

1,580

1,410

1,330

1,230

1,120

985

909

947

909

918

1,060

1,160

1,040

1,000

918

827

746

678

630

630

694

800

755

694

702

737

737

764

630

578

646

622

630

608.

570

555

555

555

592

582

485

420

446

513

499

485

472

459

446

426

485

485

492

478

485

478

541

548

492

478

485

459

485

592

881

890

800

719

728

746

800

900

900

890

890

845

782

818

719

638

638

615

600

615

570

592

520

534

520

492

506

506

520

513

NOTE. Discharge, Sept. 22 and 23, 1916, estimated. Discharge, Jan. 11 to Mar. 24, estimated, because 

of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of gage height graph, and comparison with 

open-water records for Harrisville. Discharge Sept. 23-27,1917, estimated at 500 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 95

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y,,for the period July 1,

1916, to Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 961 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

July...........................................

September. ....................................

1916-17.

December. ....................................

March ...........

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

928 

662 

499

947 

1.370 

2,180 

1,490 

1,100 

11,700 

9,700 

2,320 

4,920 

1,160 

890 

900

11,700

Minimum.

585 

340 

145

382 

541 

702 

678 

600 

1,000 

1,330 

1,140 

909 

555 

420 

492

382

Mean.

748 

500 

403

596 

788 

1,270 

1,060 

795 

3,590 

3,760 

1,760 

2,090 

736 

542 

623

1,470

Per

square 

mile.

0.779 

.520 

.419

.620 

.820 

1.32 

1.10 

.828 

3.73 

3.91 

1.83 

2.17 

.766 

.564 

.645

1.53

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90 

.60

.47

.71

.91 

1.52 

1.27 

.86 4.30" 

4.36 

2.11 

2.42 

.88 

.65 

.72

20.71

WEST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HARRISVILLE, N. T.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Geers Corners, 2J miles downstream from Harrisville, Lewis County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 245 square miles (measured on topographic maps and map of 

New York, issued by U. S. Geol. Survey; scale, 1:500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff in three sections on the right bank; section graduated from 0.0 

to 3.3 feet about 25 feet below bridge, and two sections graduated from 3.3 to 10.1 

feet, on downstream side of bridge abutment. Gage read by Frank Osborne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 200 feet upstream from bridge, or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky and rough; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.1 feet at 6.30 

a. m. and 6 p. m. March 28 (discharge, 4,880 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 1.10 feet at 6 p.'m. August 11 (discharge, 42 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation probably not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of pulp mill at Harrisville causes some diurnal fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 50 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to half 

tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. T., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 17o

Feb. 12«

Mar. 10o

Apr. 2

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

2.95

1.82 

2.30

5.62

5.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

440

128 

246

2,220

2,210

Date.

8 

12

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.47

5.10 

3.70

2.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,960

1,700 

797

455

Measurement made through incomplete ice cover.
96

Daily di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

'e, in second-feet, of West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, 

N. Y.,for the year ending'Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

.4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

Q

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

370

290

245

195

170

146

70

85

63

63

85

66

98

85

208

195

158

124

135

170

*>A.<\

405

405

370

320

260

220

208

170

170

Nov.

135

182

220

320

335

335

305

275

245

260

305

305

320

290 iQf;

245

245

220

182

124

124

124

158

335

480

650

560

"Wtfl

480

460

Dec.

560

560

520

440

480

650

ocn

800

700

OCfl

1,030

Q7fl

7KA

650

560

560

650

460

370

305

275

99ft

275

OqO

232

99ft

OJK

Jan.

208

220

195

1QR

195

290

OKO

370

440

480

460

oon

9Qfl

OOQ

405

440

440

405

370

000

335

305

275

97 K

245

208

245

158

9fift

Q7/V

Feb.

440

440

480

405

335

290 971?

245

220

245

275

195

195

195

170

170

170

170

158

158

158

146

124

146

146

158

195

335

Mar.

335

370

388

405

305

320

320

260 971?

305

275

275

320

335

305

305

320

335

275

335

352

335

388

850

1,210

2,310

3,520

4,880

3,980

3 090

2,400

Apr.

1,960

2,130

3,090

3,410

2,890

2,490

2,040

1,800

1,420

1,150

970

850

750

650

600

560

480 t&n

650

800

1,350

1,960

1,880

1,720

1,350

1,090

850

750

750

700

May.

650

600

650

700

750

650

700

650

600

560

560

650

750

750

750

700

650

560

480

405

480

460

560

650

750

850

850

800

800

850

800

June.

650

560

440

480

440

405 405

480

750

850

970

1,280

1,490

1,210

970

750

650

520

440

405

405

370

335

290

275

305

245

245

220

388

July.

480

422

370

260

232

195

146

170

124

146

146

195

275

220

170

182

158

170

* 208

208

232

182

208

195

124

146

170

124

124

91

62

Aug.

85

85

85

64

79

^62

w

50

51

70

91

56

124

70

7S

58

74

" fi9

63

64

Q1

7Q

- 66

85

440

388

275

232

170

220

1S9

Sept.

370

370

352

352

245

195

245

220

170

170

170

158

146

106

85

91

74

106

106

106

7Q

98

106

70

70

77

91

60

91

146

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y1., for the 

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 245 square miles.]

Month.

January. ... . ................ .........

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

405 

650 

1,030 

480 

480 

4,880 

3.410 

850 

1,490 

480 

440 

370

4,880

Minimum.

63 

124 

208 

158 

124 

260 

480 

405 

220 

62 

50 

60

50

Mean.

194 

299 

493 

320 

237 

957 

1,390 

665 

574 

198 

123 

158

468

Per 

square 

mile.

0.792 

1.22 

2.01 

1.31 

.967 

3.91 

5.67 

2.71 

2:34 

.808 

.502 

.645

1.91

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.91 

1.36 

2.32 

1.51 

1.01 

4.51 

6.23 

3.12 

2.61 

.93 

.58 

.72

25.81
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 97

RAQUETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD, IT. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below dam of International Paper Co. at Piercefield, St. 

Lawrence County, and about three-fourths mile above head of Black Rapids.

DRAINAGE AREA. 723 square miles (all but 16 square miles measured on topographic 

maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed October 22,1912 in a galvanized sheetiron house over a concrete well on right bank about one-half mile below dam. 

Prior to January 1, 1913, the following gages were used: August 20, 1908 to 

August 20,1910, vertical staff fastened to an old pine stump; August 20,1910, to 

December 31, 1912, chain fastened to same stump and having same datum until 

June 1,1911, when datum of chain gage was lowered 2 feet. Water-stage recorder 

was set at this datum. Recorder inspected by M. O. Wood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths mile below gage, just 

above Black Rapids.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel opposite gage is a deep pond with no perceptible 

velocity. Control is at head of Black Rapids.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

9.75 feet at 9 a. m. April 30 (discharge, 4,950 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

water stage recorder, 1.69 feet at 6 p. m. October 29 (discharge, 48 second-feet.)

1908-1917: Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 11.68 feet at 3 a. m. 

April 1, 1913 (discharge, 7,100 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage 

recorder, 0.85 foot at 11 a. m. September 2,1913 (discharge, about 10 second- feet).

ICE. Rapids that form control rarely freeze; measurements made when the pond was 

covered with ice indicate that the stage-discharge relation was not affected.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in flow caused by operation of dam during 

low and medium stages. Numerous lakes in upper part of drainage basin afford 

considerable storage, most of which is so controlled, that the effect on the seasonal 

distribution of flow is large.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 50 and 7,000 second-feet. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by 

use of discharge integrator. Records good.

COOPERATION. Water-stage recorder inspected by an employee of the International 

Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Piercefiela, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Date.

Oct. 2

2

8

14

14

15

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

^Feet. 

3.92

3.99 

1.83

2.31

2 29

1.96

Discharge.

Sec.-fi. 

47?

481 

59.1

109

104

69.1

Date.

Jan. 13

Apr. 17 

17

17

July 27

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

O. W. Hartwell........

&,

Feet. 

5.16

7.85 

7.84

7.81

7.51

5.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

948

2,820 

2,830

2,780

2,470

986

94446° 19 WSP 454 7
98 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 19l7f PART IV.

:, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

K

6...............

7.... ...........

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

yi... ............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

62

200

230

00 ft

00ft

225

140

65

250

236

233

235

227

70

198

253

245

944

243

336

180

QEQ

380

380

395

365

443

214

485

Nov.

428

377

SQU

4OK

246

395

40 K

425

425

460

271

457

515

515

500

KAA

*nn

294

441

470

470

dSf,

Kflrt

530

350

830 OTn

872

Dec.

872

940

655

1,080

1,100

i nu\

1,330

1 OOft

1,380

1,030

1,430

i wn

1,560

1,580

1 550

1,580

Qfifi

1,560 i son

1

OQA

1 380

1*380

l'300 '564

700

1,240

1,370

1,370

I

QQft

1,200

vn

Jan.

1,030

1,060

onn

1,070

QQQ

S7Q

K4A

749

892

878

QftA

800

723

476

QQ7

918

918

900

872

Aeyti

661

756

Qlft

848

Q4ft

one

44ft

760

Q1 Q

QIC

Feb.

895

895

895

onn

«OQ

SQ*.

fiftfl

545

71 *,

895

348

700

880

880

Q7A.

870

7SA

238

428

562

545

562 u<\

545

273

414

>!R9

562

Mar.

545

530

U<i

266

Af\Q

562

647 u<\

562

530

476

620

624

617

610

608

268

530

623

633

J520

696

Knn

222

821

1 060

1,160

1 1QA

2

AQfk

1 *Qft

Apr.

1,530

2,150

2,670

3

jv|A

3,380

3,680

4,260

3,690

4,050

3,980

3,870

3,780

3,640

3,380

3,180

3,080

2,820

2,730

2,580

2,740

3,030

3,480

3,900

4,280

4,630

4,830

4,900

4,880

4,850

4 

' 830

May.

4,700

4,540

4,380

4,270

4,180

3,970

3,900

3,750

3,580

3,420

3,350

3.220

3,060

3,070

2,950

2,880

2 7Qfi

2,720

2,660

2,470

2,500

2,470

2

i*Efi

2,410

2,390

2,400

2 onn

2 4Ctf*

2 4 on

2,420

2,470

June.

2,450

2,260

2,510

2,480

2,440

2,400

2,500

2,500

2,340

2,750

3,220

3,480

3,600

3,740

3,810

3,750

3,830

3,810

3,680

3,620

3,540

3 ^n

3,080

3,230

3,070

2,840

2,660

2,600

2,520

July.

2,350

2,300

2,260

1,740

2,110

2,060

1,890

1,570

1,760

1,530

1,480

1,460

1,420

i son

920

1,330

1,260

1 '944 060

655

534

516

368

535

535

510

524

538

274

407

510

Aug.

486

485

522

492

235

416

542

532

480

354

337

194

276

366

370

353

363

370

224

293

372

368

430

525

570

260

380

496

530

522

520

Sept.

524

234

101

383

516

520

510

525

236

349

500

481

465

334

325

186

9Q1

498

490

475

508

496

257

337

518

503

500

492

487

230

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Piercefield, for the year ending Sept.

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

}, 1917.

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

485 

872 

1,590 

1.070 

895 

2,490 

 4,900 

4,700 

3,830 

2,350 

570 

525

4,900

Minimum.

62 

246 

564 

425 

238 

249 

1,530 

2,290 

2,260 

274 

194 

101

62

Mean.

256 

481 

1,220 

832 

643 

689 

3,590 

3,110 

3,020 

1,180 

408 

409

1,320

Per 

square 

mile.

0.354

.665 

1.69 

1.15 

.890 

.953 

4.96 

4.30 

4.18 

1.63 

.565 

.566

1.83

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.41 

.74 

1.95 

1.33 

.93 

1.10 

5.53 

4.96 

4.66 

1.89 

.65 

.63

24.78

NOTE. Minimum discharge for each month occurred on Sunday.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 99

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

LOCATION. Near steel highway bridge in Brasher Center, St. Lawrence County, 5 

miles downstream from Brasher Falls, 6J miles below junction of East and West 

branches of St. Regis River and about 12 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 621 square miles (measured on Post Route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 22, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Staff, with inclined and vertical sections, on right bank about 600 feet above 

bridge; installed June 24, 1916. Prior to this date, chain on right-hand downstream side of bridge. Gages not at same datum; subject to different controls. 

Gage read by George Myers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable at the staff gage, installed in June 

1916. Previously made from the highway bridge, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at cable composed of small boulders and coarse gravel; 

large boulders and gravel, and very rough at bridge; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES .OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.58 feet at 5 

p. m. April 3 (discharge, 6,030 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 5.25 feet 

at 5 p. m. August 8 (discharge al>out 34 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet at 7 a. m. March 27, 1914 (discharge, 16,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, August 8, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice December 12 to March 25. Rating curves well defined between 200 and 

6,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge, 

except for period of ice effect, ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 15o

Feb. 15<z

Mar. 13a

9Q

29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.12

7.02

7

AQ

8.72

8.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

544

832

487

4,150

4,12Q

Date.

Apr. 4

10

14

Sept. 1

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

C.C. Covert............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.39

7.73

7.25

6.27

Discharge,

Sec.-ft. 

5,600

2,390

l'680

473

Measurement made through complete ice cover.
100 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1917,

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8..--...-.......

9...............

10...............

11...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

571

552

395

322

335

322

372

283

322

259

237

283

270

372

395

452

452

478

XQC

810

1.050

940

695

571

495

452

395

350

365

342

Nov.

395

395

395

452

418

395

372

410

350

380

514

571

452

OKrt

283

322

270

328

350

365

350

372

322

590

1,300

752

642

600

642

611

Dec.

695

940

810

752

Q.ift

1,050

875

QAf\

Qd(\

1,050

940

1,000

850

750

800

850

320

340

300

340

260

240

260

240

200

180

220

200

260

Jan.

190

240

240

260

300

380

500

600

500

460

480

400

300

280

300

380

600

500

480

440

500

420

320

340

500

380

380

260

320

320

Feb.

300

300

360

380

340

340

300

OOrt

OCA

320

340

340

°.4fl

300

280

°.nn

220

280

260

99ft.

240

300

300

300

°.4.ft

480

800

Mar.

650

600

550

650

650

500

400

400

400

380

340

400

500 CAA

400

360

360

480

550

600

600

500

700

1,300

2,500

3,920

4,330

4 Qfifl

3,920

2

QQA

2,660

Apr.

3,350

4,540

5,850

5,400

4,960

4.750

4,330

3,530

3,170

2,340

1,880

1,800

1,730

1,590

1,310

1,120

930

1,240

1,590

2,030

2,660

3,170

3,170

3,170

2,500

2,180

1,880

1,590

1,520

1 

' 660

May.

1,730

1,590

1,520

1,590

1,450

1,240

1,050

1,120

1,310

1,180

1,050

1, 310*

1,660

1,730

1,880

1,520

1,050

810

870

810

930

1,180

1,730

1,660

1,730

1,730

1,730

1,590

1,450

1,310

1,240

June.

1,050

930

1,050

1,180

1,050

1,050

980

1,240

1,660

1,730

2,180

2,500

2,880

2,880

2,500

2,340

2,030

1,450

1,120

930

758

990

810

810

758

665

685

685

665

758

July.

870

930

810

645

567

492

^492 456

474

456

348

520

645

492

492

456

492

456

372

388

586

474

372

404

319

270

270

319

254

202

158

Aug.

100

55

50

50

44

61

50

37

50

75

130

202

158

121

215

372

456

348

254

372

456

548

645

548

456

348

291

372

319

348

548

Sept.

675

645

758

685

492

492

340

291

319

372

404

348

348

291

270

232

202 158-

170

242

291

456

520

388

270

232

319

291

372

404

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 12 to Mar. 25, estimated, because of ice from discharge measurements, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

#/i 1077 o\j, j. y -L t . 

[Drainage area, 621 square miles.]

Month.

July-. .........................................

The year. .....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,050 

1,300 

1,050 

600 

800 

4,980 

5,850 

1,880 

2,880 

930 

645 

758

5,850

Minimum.

237 

270 

180 

190 

220 

340 

930 

810 

665 

158 

37 

158

37

Mean.

454 

465 

581 

387 

332 

1,220 

2,700 

1,380 

1,340 

467 

261 

376

830

Per

square 

mile.

0.731 

.749 

.936 

.623 

.535 

1.96 

4.35 

2.22 

2.16 

.752 

.420 

.605

1.34

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

.84 

1.08 

.72 

.56 

2.26 

4.85 

2.56 

2.41 

.87 

.48 

.68

18.15

RICHELIEU RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, ROTTSES POINT, N. Y.

LOCATION. Inside the fort, three-eighths mile south of international boundary, about 

half a mile below outlet of Lake Champlain, and 1 mile northeast of Houses 

Point, Clinton County.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 101

DRAINAGE AKEA. 7,870 square miles, including 436 square miles of water surface 

(from annual report of New York State Engineer and Surveyor).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1875 to 1917.

GAGE. Staff, inside of fort; read by Thomas Bourke. Elevation of gage zero, 92.50 

feet above mean sea level.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum elevation recorded during year, 98.25 feet at 10 

a. m. April 8 and 9; minimum elevation recorded, 93.3 feet at 10 a. m. November 

20 and 21.

1869-1917: Maximum elevation recorded, 103.28 feet April, 1869;J minimum elevation recorded, 91.9 feet November 13, 1908.

COOPERATION. Gage heights observed under direction of the Corps of Engineers of 

the United States Army and reported weekly to the United States Geological 

Survey.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11................

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. .............. 

31...............

Oct.

1.15

1.15

1.20

1.20 

1.25

1.15

1.20

1.20

1.00

1.05

1.05

1.05

i dft

.85

1.10

.90

1.10

.90

1.20

.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.10

1.05

1.35

1.20 

1.05

Nov.

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.05

1.20

1.20

.95

.90

.90

.85

.85

on

.90

1.05

.90

on

80

.80

.90

on

1 00

.90

.95

1.30

1.15

1.10

1.05

Dec.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.60 

1.55

1.55

1.50

1.55

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.80

1 80

1.75

1.80

1.80

1 80

1 80

1,75

l!75

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.80

1.80

1.80

1 80

1.80 

1.85

Jan.

1.90

1.75

1.80

1.80 

1.80

1.80

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.85

1 8ft

1.80

1 80

1.85

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.90

1.85

1.90

1

QC

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95

2.00

1.95 

1.95

Feb.

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.95 

1.95

1.95

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

.1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

Mar.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80 

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.90

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.90

1.90

2.00

2.15

2.40

2.70

3.05

3.50

3.85

4.10 

4.30

Apr.

4.50

4.90

5.10

5.35 

5.45

5.60

5.70

5.75

5.75

5.65

5.65

5.65,

5.60

5.50

5.45

5.35

5.25

5.20

5.10

5.35

5.40

5.45

5.50

5.45

5.50

5.55

5.50

5.35

5.35

5.35

May.

5.45

5.30

5.15

5.10 

5.05

5.00

4.95

4.90

4.80

4.60

4.60

4.55

4.55

4.60

4.40

4.40

4.40

4.40

4.15

4.10

4.10

4.20

4.00

3.90

3.80

3.80

3.80

3.75 

3.80

June.

4.15

3.75

3.70

3.65 

3.65

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.50

3.50

3.50

4.00

4.25

4.40

4.35

4.40

4.35

4.35

4.40

4.35

4.40

4.35

4.30

4.20

4.10

4.15

4.00

3.90

3.90

3.75

July.

3.70

3.65

3.60

3.50 

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.35

3.35

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.15

3.05

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.95

2.75

2.75

2.70 

2.60

Aug.

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.45 

2.35

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.35

2 25

2.25

2.20

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.30

2.10

2.10

2.15

2.10

2.15

2-10

2.10

2.00

1.95

1.85 

1.80

Sept.

1.85

1.85

1.75

1.70 

1.65

1.80

1.60

1.60

1.65

1.50

1.50

1.75

1.50

1.45

1 4f>

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

SARANAC RIVER NEAR PLATTSBTTRG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Indian Rapids power plant (formerly known as Lozier dam) of Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., about 6 miles above mouth of river at Plattsburg, 

Clinton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 607 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 27, 1903, to September 30, 1917.

' Hoyt, J. C., Stream measurements, 1903, North Atlantic, St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes drainage: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 97, p. 340,1904.
102 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 191*7, PART IV.

GAGES. Crest gage a vertical staff on the angle of the wing wall at the end of the 

racks. Datum raised 0.76 foot August 20, 1906. Tailrace gage a vertical staff 

spiked to timber work dike between tailrace and river and about 50 feet below 

power house. Records of kilowatt output are obtained by watt meter on switchboard at half-hour intervals. Inclined staff gage at cable station, a quarter of 

a mile below dam. Gages and watt meters read by power-house operators.

DISCHARGE. MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable at head of Indian Rapids, one 

quarter mile below dam. Low-water measurements made by wading under 

cable or in tailrace.

DISCHARGE RATING. Records include flow over concrete spillway 171.25 feet in 

crest length, a rating for which has been prepared for use of coefficients.0 

derived from experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University on a model section of the dam; the discharge through two power units 

equipped with 300 kilowatt generators which have been rated by current meter 

measurements; and the discharge through two 5-foot waste gates when open. 

Occasional observations are made on the inclined staff gage at the cable as a 

check on the ratings of spillway and turbines.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 5,400 secondfeet April 3; minimuni daily discharge 100 second-feet August -29.

1908-1917: Maximum daily discharge recorded, 6,410 second-feet, April 20 

1914; minimum daily discharge recorded, 90 second-feet, September 28, 1914.

SPECIAL STUDY. A portable water-stage recorder was operated at the cable for a 

short period in July, 1914. Mean daily discharge computed from its record 

agreed very closely with mean daily discharge derived from power-plant ratings.

ICE. The crest of the spillway is kept free from ice so that the stage-discharge 

relation is not affected.

REGULATION. The lakes and ponds on the main stream and tributaries above the 

station comprise a water surface area of about 25.5 square miles. The actual 

storage afforded by these reservoirs has been largely increased by the State dam 

at Lower Saranac Lake, the operation of which affects the distribution of flow 

throughout the year.

ACCURACY. Discharge measurements made during the year indicate that the ratings 

of spillway and turbines have not changed. Discharge over the spillway 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean gage heights for 6-hour periods. 

Discharge through the turbines ascertained by applying to their ratings, the 

mean kilowatt output and head for 12-hour periods. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records and watt meter readings furnished by Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., Herbert A. Stutchbury, superintendent.

Discharge measurements of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. IT., during the year ending

Sept. SO. 1917.

Date.

Apr. 4

4

4

Made by 

0. W. Hartwell........

.....do..................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.58

4.53

4.44

4.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4

CO/\

4,470

4,240

4,300

Date.

6

Aug. 306

Made by 

.....do.................

C.C. Covert.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3

QQ

3 QA

1.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3

Q1 A

3,000

309

o Horton, R. E., Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

200, pp. 98-100, 1907. 

6 Measurement made in tailrace; no appreciable flow over spillway.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAKY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Saranae River near Plattsburg, N, Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

to

20...............

21. ....... .......

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.. .............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

230

370

270

270

280

250

310

195

360

380

360

270

360

310

. 270

360

300

390

360

380

520

400

680

4nrt

400

450

460

450

290

500

360

Nov.

370

400

370

330 <>7n

450

380

420

410

560

410

300

340

410

410

380

son

350

310

S4rt

<tfin

310

Oftfi

430

560

*Xlft

450

480

520

640

Dec.

660

580

500

580

580

660

640

660

600

680

700

800

560

620

700

560

380

640

460

500

680

560

480

390

500

500 ddn

560

580

540 <tin

Jan.

460

470

580

560

490

680

580

640

620

660

580

540

460

410

640

580

620

640

560

540

420

540

420

520

560

480

400

350

520

460

Feb.

520

560

490

350

500

380

540

580

540

480

300

540

350

460

580

600

540

380

480

380

410

390

400

460

370

480

560

760

Mar.

820

780

660

500

660

580

540

600

600

540

Adft

540

360

540

470

540

530

480

620

480

500

560

fJKf\

820

900

1,650

2,500

3,300

3,200

2,900

2,400

Apr.

3,400

4,600

5,400

4,300

3,500

3,000

3,000

2,350

1,850

1,700

1,220

1,450

1,220

1,200

1,220

1,160

1,140

1,160

1,350

1,900

2,450

2,800

2,500

2,300

2,050

1,800

1,700

1,700

1,400

1,400

May.

1,250

1,140

1,450

1,300

1,250

1,120

1,250

1,120

1 060

I'ftSft

1 060

1^200

1,140

930

1,020

980

920

980

760

740

800

860

1,100

1,250

1,080

1,180

1,060

900

820

1,100

1,040

June.

1,060

1,000

920

1,200

740

840

860

1,100

1,300

1,040

1,500

2,600

2,250

2,000

1,800

1,450

1,500

1,450

1,350

1,250

1,400

1,240

1,120

920

1,140

1,060

920

920

1,100

1,300

July.

1,140

1,160

1,080

980

960

940

980

760

820

680

800

740

780

840

700

900

680

660

840

740

700

660

660

660

940

580

580

640

740

640

700

Aug.

270

290

470

430

290

400

260

240

320

450

310

260

260

210

320

320

400

450

300

340

270

290

290

320

310

260

540

210

100

210

270

Sept.

400

330

380

280

230

270

245

380

245

300

230

250

205

250

260

210

310

280

290

1,180

840

620

44n

470

300

310

250

740

840

920

Monthly discharge of Saranae River near Plattsburg, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November. ....................................

December. ....................................

April..........................................

May

July..........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

680 

640 

800 

680 

760 

3,300 

5,400 

1,450 

2,600 

1.160 

470 

1,180

5,400

Minimum.

o!95 

»230 

o210 

«350 

o300 

a 440 

1,140 

o740 

740 

580 

100 

205

100

Mean.

361 

405 

568 

533 

478 

1,010 

2,210 

1,060 

1,280 

796 

312 

408

782

Per 

square 

mile.

0.595 

.667 

.936 

.878 

.787 

1.66 

3.64 

1.75 

2.11 

1.31 

.514 

.672

1.29

Kun-off 

(depth, in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.69 

.74 

1.08 

1.01 

.82 

1.91 

4.06 

2.02 

2.35 

1.51 

.59 

.75

17.53

Sunday.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

ATJSABLE RIVER AT ATJSABLE FORES, N. Y.

LOCATION. In village of Ausable Forks, Clinton County, immediately below junction 

of East and West branches and about 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGK AREA. 444 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain on left bank 1,000 feet below junction of East and West branches; read 

by A. S. Baker.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 1J miles below gage, or by wading 

either near the cable or a short distance above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stone and gravel; occasionally shifting. Channel divided 

by an island opposite the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.95 feet at 6 p. m., 

April 2 (discharge, 7,580 second-feet); minimum discharge, 110 second-feet, 

February 18.

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10.2 feet in the evening of March 27,1913 

(discharge, roughly 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 7 a. m. 

July 21, 1912 (discharge, practically zero).

SPECIAL STUDY. A portable water-stage recorder was installed at this station and a 

continuous gage-height record obtained July 11 to September 30, 1914, which 

showed a continual small fluctuation in stage, It was shown that monthly mean 

discharge based on a semidaily gage heights is in error as follows: July 11-31, 3.5 

per cent; August, 4.1 per cent; September, 1914, 0.5 per cent. Some of the 

determinations of daily discharge showed greater errors, but these were largely compensating.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent between dates of shifting; 

affected by ice for short periods from December to March. Rating curve fairly 

well defined between 175 and 3,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Date.

Oct. 17

Jan. 22«

Feb. 16a

Mar. 14o

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.67

3.90

3.74

3.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

287

274

170

213

Date.

Aug. 28

Made by 

O.W. Hartwell........

.....do.................

C.C. Covert............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.99

4.97

3.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,280

2,210

160

a Measurement mads through complete ice cover.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet; of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. T"., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

484

371

287

242

196

208

189

202

214

208

221

214

202

234

319

272

302

302

250

407

1.260

788

557

426

354

354

319

264

242

214

257

Nov.

287

280

336

336

302

319

280

272

302

484

465

388

336

272

234

242

221

250

227

272

196

234

264

1,730

750

550

400

340

360

1,130

Dec.

1.110

776

626

4C5

851

1,350

825

634

702

1,070

668

600

420

360

300

260

240

220

220

200

200

200

200

200

200

240

426

354

300

280

280

Jan.

260

260

260

260

260

300

340

300

300

340

280

280

200

180

650

550

500

360

440

340

280

280

320

220

140

140

140

130

140

* 150

130

Feb.

160

160

220

280

300

220

160

120

120

180

130

320

240

220

220

260

120

110

220

170

160

170

130

130

120

160

800

500

Mar.

460

380

340

280

260

220

220

200

200

180

180

220

220

220

220

220

260

240

240

280

240

319

465

1,060

1,260

1,440

2,380

3,950

2,050

I,a50

998

Apr.

2,490

6,800

6,890

3,190

2,160

1,830

1,730

1.440

984

800

851

679

1,260

7fi4

578

557

567

588

955

2,490

6,190

5,310

3,320

3,070

1,730

1,440

1,210

1,100

1,130

1,440

May.

1,160

1,200

1,100

1,350

851

800

739

1,100

599

.839

727

1,200

1,160

984

1,100

929

903

1,070

2,070

3,070

1,940

1,260

1,630

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,350

727

1,530

3,320

3,320

June.

2,160

1,620

2,490

2,160

1,440

1,440

1,160

1,730

1,530

1,620

5,310

5,600

2,840

1,830

1,620

1,130

984

1,040

702

679

1,440

567

484

1,230

2,050

484

345

319

336

2,050

July.

851

751

636

446

465

336

287

257

221

214

214

287

398

319

264

250

221

214

189

142

167

164

153

202

153

214

157

153

153

157

132

Aug.

345

955

1,530

2,720

2,270

1,620

2,160

2.050

2,490

388

287

214

221

202

214

242

227

177

189

189

177

189

183

189

257

272

Sept.

319

1,070

407

287

250

242

227

214

202

257

214

221

208

227

170

132

177

1S3

170

916

702

465

319

272

250

221

202

214

354

294

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 2.5-29, Dec. 12-2S, and Dec. 29 to Mar. 21, estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. Discharge Aug. 18-22, estimated because 

of no gage-height record, 220 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 444 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,260 

1,730 

1,350 

650 

800 

3,950 

6,800 

3,320 

. 5,600 

851 

2,720 

1,070

6,800

Minimum.

189 

1% 

200 

130 

100 

180 

557 

727 

319 

142 

177 

132

100

Mean.

334

402 

473 

282 

218 

663 

2,080 

1,350 

1,610 

279 

679 

313

724

Per 

square 

mile.

0.752 

.905 

1.07 

.635 

.491 

1.49 

4.68 

3.04 

3.63 

.629 

1.53 

.704

1.63

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.87 

1.01 

1.23 

.73 

.51 

1.72 

5.22 

3.50 

4.05 

.73 

1.76 

.79

22.12
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, lOLl, PART IV.

WEST BRANCH OF ATTSABLE RIVER HEAR NEWMAN, N. Y.

LOCATION. On farm of James Dudley, about 4 miles northeast of Newman, Essex

County, and 4 miles below confluence at Lake Placid. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 116 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7, 1916, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Staff, in two sections, on the right bank near the residence of Mr. Dudley.

Lower section is inclined, graduated from 1.0 to 6.5 feet; the upper section is

vertical graduated from 6.55 to 10.1 feet; read by James Dudley. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable 300 feet above gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. SoHd rock. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded, 6.2 eet at 6 p. m'. June 22; minimum

stage recorded, 1.7 feet at 7 p. m. June 28. 

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y., daring 

ifye year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Aug. 3

Apr. 16

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.64

3.08

3.11

Discharge.

Sec.-fi> 61

105

131

Date.

Apr. 16

Aug. 29

Made by 

C.C. Covert.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.22

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

162

92

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Ausabl^ River at Newman, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.....................................

2.....................................

3.....................................

4.....................................

5.....................................

6.....................................

7.....................................

8.....................................

9.....................................

10.....................................

11.....................................

12.....................................

13.....................................

14.....................................

15.....................................

16.....................................

17.....................................

18.....................................

19

20.....................................

21.....................................

22. ....................................

23_.... ..............................

24. ....................................

25.....................................

26.....................................

27. ....................................

28.....................................

29.....................................

30.....................................

31.....................................

Oct.

3.12

2.85

2.82

2.72

2.8

2.52

2.72

2.68

2.68

2.68

2.65

2.5

2.7

3.22

2.82

2.7

2.85

2.82

2.82

3.68

4.1

3.45

3.15

2.92

2.65

9 O

2.85

2.75

2.65

2 CO

0 £

Nov.

2.75

2.9

2.98

2.85

2.82

2.82

2.72

2.7

3.05

3.35

3.1

2.88

2.8

2.75

2.88

2.8

2.85

2.72

2.8

2.72

2.52

2.5

2.65

4.95

3.72

3.4

. 3.15

3.02

2.98

3.82

Dec.

3.68

3.3

3.52

3.4

3.25

3.95

3.55

3.48

3.45

3.85

3.55

3.38

3.05

3.42

3.4

3.2

2.82

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.88

2.95

2.75

2.92

2.95

2.98

2.98

2.85

2.85

May.

3.9

3.98

3.8

3.82

3.52

3.48

3.5

3.35

3.28

3.52

3.45

3.82

3.78

3.75

4.0

3.65

3.5

3.9

3.6

4.4

4.32

3.8

4.22

4.15

3.88

3.85

3.72

4.02

4.12

4 49

4

EO

June.

4.25

4.4

4.85

4.1

3.85

3.95

3.68

4.1

4.35

3.72

4.52

5.6

4.4

4.08

3.88

3.8

3.75

3.75

2.8

3.8

4.02

4.1

3.98

3.85

3.75

3.8

3.75

3.62

3.52

4 68

July.

3.35

3.35

3.15

3.22

2.95

2.9

2.98

2.7

2.78

2.7

2.62

2.88

2.9

2.85

2.78

2.7

2.72

2.65

2.75

2.7

2.Q5

"- 2 68

2.6

2.42

2.68

2.65

2.52

2.5

2.4

2.45

9 <1R

Aug.

2.3

2.4

2.3

2 4

2.4

2.32

2.35

2.88

2.85

3.08

2.65

2.62

2.68

2.42

2.52

2.58

2.65

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.58

2.52

2.58

2.58

2.55

2.52

2.45

2.65

2.82

3.02

Sept.

2.85

3.18

2.85

2.72

2.65

2.68

2.8

2.68

2.62

2.62

2.6

2.58

2.82

2.58

2.38

2.42

2.45

9 d9

9. f\9

3.98-

3.25 9 as

2.78

2 72

2.68

2.52

2,52.

2.78

9 QS

2.88

NOTE. Gage-height observations suspended because of ice, Jan. 1 to Apr. 30.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 107

LAKE GEORGE AT ROGERS ROCK, N, Y.

LOCATION. At boathouse in a small bay ou north side of steamboat lauding at Rogers

Rock, Essex County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 10, 1913, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Vertical staff fastened to a pile in the back end of the boathouse. Datum

3.15 feet 1 below crest of dam at outlet of lake; read once daily by George O. Cook. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.05 feet June 14, 15,

16, and 21; minimum stage recorded, 1.2 feet on November 21 and December 22. 

1913-1917 maximum stage recorded, 4.98 feet on May 2, 1914; minimum stage

recorded 1.2 feet on November 21 and December 22, 1916. 

REGULATION. The elevation of lake surface is regulated by the operation of gates

and wheels at the dam at the outlet of the lake at Ticonderoga. 

COOPERATION. Gage-height record for current year furnished by International

Paper Co.

Daily gage height, infect, of Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

0

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

13...............

19...............

20. ..............

91

22...............

23...............

94

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Oct.

2.05

2.02

1.92

1.95

1.98

1.92

1.90

1.95

1.85

1.82

1.82

1.80

1.82

1.70

1.72

1.68

1.88

1.52

1.58

1.6

1.75

1.70

1.72

1.7

1.78

1.72

1.68

1.65

1.6 

1.5 

1.52

Nov.

1.52

1.55

1.52

1.5

1.5

1.48

1.52

1.5

1.48

1.45

1.42

1.35

1.3

1.38

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.38

1.15

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.3 i i

1.35

1.4 

1.4

Dec.

1.38

1.32

1.35

1.4

1.42

1.5

1.4

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.4

1.35

1.32

1.4

1.35

1 42

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.32

i i

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.42

1.35

1.42

1.4

1.35 

1.3 

1.35

Jan.

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.32

1.35

1.42

1.45

1.42

1.4

1.3

1.35

1.38

1.4

1.5

1.52

1.58

1.62

1.68

1.68

1.7

1.8

1.72

1.7

1.75

1.72

1.72

1.68

1.7

1.72 

1.75 

1.72

Feb.

1.7

1.72

1.7

1.72

1.65

1.7

1.68

1.65

1.68

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.68

1.72

1.7

1.65

1.62

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.62

Mar.

1.65

1.6

1.62

1.6

1.58

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.68

1.68

1.7

1.68

1.6

1.68

1.68

1.7

1.75

1.72

1.7

1.68

1.68

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.9

9 O

2.2

2.38 

2.4 

2.45

Apr.

2.48

2.5

2.7

2.8

2.88

-2.88

2.98

3.0

3.02

3.0

2.98

3.0

3.02

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.12

3.18

3.2

3.15

3.12

3.1

3 1 Pi

3.12

3.12 

3.15

May.

3.18

3.25

3.2

3.12

3.12

3.1

3,15

3.2

3.18

3.22

3.18

3.1

3.08

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.05

3.02

3.1

3

n

3 D

3.02

3.05

3.02

3.0

3.02

3 A

3.02

3.1 

3.08 

3.18

June.

3.2

3.12

3.15

3-18

3.15

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.22

3.25

3.8

4.00

4.05

4.05

4.0

3.98

4.05

4.02

4.0

4.05

4.0

3.98

3.95

3.95

3.98

4.0

3.92

3.98 

4.02

July.

4.03

4.0

3.95

3.9

3.87

3.85

3.85

3.87

3.78

3.77

3.75

3.8

3.78

3-77

3.75

3.8

3.78

3.75

3.82

3.8

3.78

3.8

3.75

3 7

3.72

3.75

3.65

3.63

3.6 

3.57 

3.63

Aug.

3.57

3.53

3.52

3.48

3.4

3.35

3.33

3.37

3.4

3.33

3.3

3.25

3.23

3.25

3.22

3.2

3.18

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.15

2.98

2.95

3 n

3.07

3.0

9 OS

3.0

2.97 

2.88 

2.85

Sept.

2.88

2.9

2.87

2.85

2.8

2.82

2.78

2.75

2.8

2.7

2.68

2.65

2.62

2.6

2.55

2.53

2.5

2.47

2.5

2.5

2.48

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.43

2.42

2.4

2.38

2.37 

2.35

LAKE f.TTAM-pT.ATTT AT BURLINGTQN, VT.

LOCATION. On south, side of roadway leading to dock of Champlain Transportation 

Co., at foot of King street, Burlington.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 1,1907, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Staff. Comparisons of gage readings indicate that zero of gage at Burlington 

is at practically the same elevation as that of gage at Fort Montgomery 92.5 

feet above mean sea level. Gage read by employee of the hamplain Transportation Co.

1 Determined by levels; supersedes the estimated datum previously published.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.20 feet April 10-11; 

minimum stage recorded, 0.95 foot November 24-25.

1907-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 8.20 feet on April 7, 1913; Tnininmim 

stage recorded, 0.25 foot on December 4, 1908.

ICE . Wider portions of lake not usually frozen, over until the last part of January. Occasionally closure does not occur until February and in some years it lasts only 

for a few days. The northern end of the lake, above the outlet, is usually covered with ice from the middle of December to the middle of April.

ACCURACY. Gage read to hundredths once a day except on Sundays; readings during 

winter at irregular intervals. Gage readings made when the lake is rough subject 

to inaccuracies due to wave action.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. 

Loomis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12............... 

13............... 

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22............... 

23............... 

24............... 

25...............

26............... 27..........:....

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Oct.

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.18

1.15

1.13

1.05

1.05 

1.03

1.02 

1.02 

1.00

1.00 

98

.98

.98

.98

.98 "Tis"

1.24 

1.24

1.21

1.20

1.18 "i.'i4"

1-11

Nov.

1.11

1.13

1.15

1.15

1.11

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.00 "i.'os"

1.05 

1.04

1.04 

1.02

1.02

.99

.99

.97 

.97 

.95 

.95

1.08

1.19 

1.32 

1.36

Dec.

1.50

1.52

1.60

1.65

1.68

1.75

1.88

1.92

1.95

1.98 

2.00 

2.02 

2.02

2.03

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02 

1.98

1.94

1.93

1.91 

1.91 

1.90

Jan.

1.80

1 SO

1

QO

.......

..:.:::

o in

2.10

"i'os"

Feb.

2.00

.......

1.98

1

QC

.......

i on

.......

Mar.

1.95

.......

"i."98"

2.05

..:....

2.70

3.08

3.74

4.28 

4.58 

4.72

Apr.

5.15

5.50

5.76

5.87

5.98

6.05

6.20 

6.20

6.05 

5.98 

5.90

5.75 

5.68

5.62

5.65

5.70

5.72

~"5."85~ 

5.90 

5.95

5.92

5.85

5.80 

"5." 72"

May.

5.65

5.63

5.60

5

CC

5.48

5 Q<;

5.28

5.20

5.15

5.08

5.02

"4."95" 

4.93

4.90

4.82

4.70

4 ft9

4.45

4.42 

4.38 

4.38 

4.36

4.30

4.22 

4.20 

4.20 

4.16

June.

4.15

A. 13

4.08

4.02

3.95

3.90

3.87

3.83

3.98

4.30

4.52 

4.65 

4.82

4.86

4.83

4.78

4.75

4.72

4.65 

4.58 "Tss"

4.48

4.35

4.30 

4.13 

4.02

July.

"4 00

3.98

3 Qft

3.95

3.90

3.80

3.55 

3.50

3.48 

3.42 

3-38

3.30

3.28

3.25

3.20

3.20

3.18 "3." is"

3.10 

3.02

2.95

2.92

2.90

" "2." 87 ~ 

2.87

Aug.

2.80

2.74

2.70

2.65

2.53

2.47

2.40

2.37 

2.30

"2." 25' 

2.25 

2.20

2.18 

2.13

2.16

2.21

2.24

2.28 

2.30 

2.30

2.28

2.20

2.13. 

2.10 

2.04 

1.98

Sept.

1 OR

1.85

I

CC

1.82

1.78

1.78

1.74 

1.74

1.72 

1.69 

1.68 

1.65

"i.'ei

1.59

1

KQ

1.58

1.60

"i."57 

1.52

1.48

1.46

1.46 

1.46

NOTE. Thickness of ice 100 feet from dock: Jan. 29, 5 inches; Feb. 5, 9 inches; Feb. 12, 12.5 inches; 

Feb. 19,15.75 inches; Feb. 26,17 inches; Mar. 6,17.5 inches; Mar. 13,17.75 inches; Mar. 20,16.75 inches; 

Mar. 26,13 inches.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 109

OTTER CHEEK AT HIDDLEBTTRY, VT.

LOCATION. At railroad bridge hali a mile south of railroad station at Middlebury, 

Addison County, 3J miles below mouth of Middlebury River, and 3 J miles above 

mouth of New Haven River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1,1903, to May 1,1907; October 5, 1910, to September 30, 

1917.

GAGE. Chain; read by Alexander Hamilton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat just below railroad bridge, at the 

stone-arch highway bridge just above dam, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; current sluggish for several miles above the 

station. Control for low stages is gravel and boulder rips about 800 feet below 

gage, probably somewhat shifting; control at high stages is near the dam 800 feet 

farther downstream.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.3 feet at 7.15 

a. m. April 2 (discharge 3,680 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 

11.65 feet at 7.15 a. m. October 9 (discharge, 175 second-feet).

1903-1907 and 1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 21.07 feet March 30, 1913 

(discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 8,000 second-feet); minimum 

open-water stage recorded, 11.45 feet September 15, 1913 (discharge, 138 secondfeet). A somewhat lower discharge has probably occurred at various times when 

the stage-discharge relation has been affected by ice.

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and occasionally at the control, 

affecting the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Probably little if any effect from power developments above the station. Considerable storage has been developed on tributaries near the headwaters.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation has changed somewhat in previous years, but 

apparently no change during 1916-17. Rating curve well defined between 200 

and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths once daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, with corrections for ice 

during winter as shown in foot note to daily discharge table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., during the year ending Sept,

Date.

Dec. 28

Feb. 19 

Mar. 12

12

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt. . .....

H. H. Khachadoorian. . 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

12.47

a 12. 35 

a 12. 90

«12.90

Discharge.

Sec.-fi. 

581

357

570

568

Date.

Mar. 30

31 

31

July 27

Made by 

.....do.................. 

C. H. Pierce... .........

height.

Feet. 

16.05

16.09 

16.10

11.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,530

3,510 

3,440

237

<» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., far the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

428

403

320

320

283

265

248

283

175

232

265

248

248

248

320

217

283

283

301

320

sin

1,033

610

501

403

301

283

283

320

217

283

Nov.

283

283

320

320

283

265

301

320

301

320

320

340

283

283

283

283

320

320

340

301

320

320

301

740

1,790

1,520

1,270

955

740

775

Dec.

1,880

1.970

880

1,360

1,030

1,070

1,070

1,030

810

Q17

1,030

917

Rift

670

640

610

EEC

360

381

450

360

450

705

705

610

501 Crt-i

450

360

Jan.

360

360

360

381

381

450

740

775

705

640

670

610

582

555

1,110

1 360

1J190

1,110

880

670

610 >5ni

670

501

450

450

426

403

426

475

Feb.

475

475

450

426

403

403

403

360

360

360

340

320 34"Q

360

381

403

381

340

381

JOC

JOfi

49ft

381

KOQ

1,610

Mar.

1,790

1.700

1,440

810

740

640

555

475

555

501

555

582

KOQ

501

501

501

555

740

740

555

A7 >5

555

705

1,520

1,880

2,240

2,510

3,410

3,410

3,410

3 RQA

Apr.

3,500

3,680

3,590

3,410

3,410

3,320

3,230

3,140

2,960

2,780

2,420

1,970

1,880

1,440

1,190

1,030

955

992

1,190

1,440

2,330

2,330

2,510

2,510

2,690

2,690

2 fiQfl

2,510

2,330

May.

1,970

1,700

1,700

1,610

1,440

1,270

1,360

1,360

1,270

1,270

1,070

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,150

1,030

880

810

740

775

77 >5

775

705

845

992

992

1 030" '880

775

1,270

1 440

June.

1,270

1,070

810

810

810

670

610

1,030

1,790

1,700

1,610

2,870

2,690

2,690

2,510

2,330

2,150

1,610

1,270

955

810

705

610

610

740

670

640

610

582

610

July.

320

501

426

320

283

360

360

283

232

301

301

301

340

360

360

403

501

360

360

450

426

360

217

301

2S3

283

248

248

283

265

265

Aug.

283

248

381

340

248

202

232

248

265

403

1,070

283

232

232

283

301

320

381

320

301

320

340

301

283

283

340

248

265

265

283

<un

Sept.

340

360

320

426

360

320

320

340

283

217

265

283

265

283

265

265

217

232

283

320

320

283

265

217

202

232

232

248

248

265

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 21 and Jan. 26 to Mar. 25; discharge determined 

from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of 3 discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records.

Monthly discharge of Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area 615 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July................................:.........

September... . .................................

The year ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,030 

1,790 

1,970 

1,360 

1,610 

3,590 

3,680 

1,970 

2.870 

610 

1,070 

426

3,680

Minimum.

'175 

265 

360 

360 

320 

475 

955 

705 

582 

217 

202 

202

175

Mean.

346 

493 

778 

619 

444 

1.250 

2,420 

- 1,140 

1,260 

332 

317 

283

807

Per 

square 

mile.

0.563 

.802 

1.27 

1.01 

.722 

2.03 

3.93 

1.85 

2.05 

.540 

.515 

.460

1.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.65 

.89 

1.46 

1.16 

.75 

2.34 

4.38 

2.13 

2.29 

.62 

.59 

.51

17.77
STREAMS TRIBUTAKY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Ill

WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELEER, VT.

LOCATION. One mile downstream from Central Vermont Railway station in Montpelier, Washington County, about three eighths of a mile above mouth of Bog 

River, and 1J miles below mouth of Worcester Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed July 4, 1914, on right bank; 

gage heights referred to datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an 

outside staff gage is used for auxiliary readings; records June 16 to July 3, 1914, 

obtained from the staff gage. Chain gage at highway bridge just above the 

Central Vermont Railway station used from May 19, 1909, to June 30, 1914,

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in section at the gage, 

control is formed by sharply defined rock outcrop about 500 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from water-stage 

recorder, 12.52 feet at 9 a. m. March 28 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 

10,600 second-feet); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 2.96 feet at 6 a. m. 

October 18, and 7 a. m. November 1 (discharge 43 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage, determined by leveling from flood marks preserved on building near present gage, 17.31 feet, April 7, 1912 (discharge not 

determined); minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 1914-1917, 2.77 feet, 

August 13, 1914 and October 24, 1915 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice during the winter. Discharge 

ascertained by means of gage heights, current meter measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Operation-of power plants on main stream and tributaries above station 

cause large diurnal fluctuations in stage (see Water-Supply Paper 424, fig. 1, p. 41).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 30 and 5,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory during the year. Daily discharge determined 

by discharge integrator, except for high stages and during the period December 

to March, when mean daily gage heights were used. Open-water records good; 

winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 17

Mar. 13

Apr. 1

Made by 

.....do..................

C. H. Pierce............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4,96

o6.13

8.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

316

303

4,140

Date. Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.57

3.76

3.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

161

242

153

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .."............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.... ...........

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17.... ..........

IS...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Oct.

550

300

240

210

172

160

140

85

122

146

160

132

152

114

130

160

164

162

166

440

890

520

320

260

225

215

205

200

110

154

190

Nov.

158

255

310

335

230

240

215

205

198

205

210

138

184

196

210

215

210

9nn

172

260

240

210

190

1,760

420

380

340

370

1,680

Dec.

1,460

860

626

470

748

1,100

790

602

530

678

542

500

420

345

320

320

345

280

280

280

300

300

320

280

280

280

260

260

240

225

Jan.

225

225

210

1QC

180

320

OJA

91 A

195

180

131

131

195

895

685

560

395

280

280

260

.260

280

OOK

225

225

91 fl

225

240

225

210

Feb.

225

225

225

225

240

225

168

180

240

180

155

131

131

143

155

155

131

lAQ

195

168

168

168

168

155

120

180

195

345

Mar.

320

280

240

180

225

195

180

180

168

168

155

195

168

180

180

180

195

195

210

168

180

168

195

320

860

1,680

5,510

9,010

2 OQO

1 930

1^780

Apr.

3,710

4,320

3,230

2,810

2,480

2,700

3,290

2,280

1,780

1,420

1,240

1,180

1,160

1,160

1,060

1,040

1,120

1,540

2,100

3,110

3,830

3,710

2,990

2,250

1,650

1,480

1,360

1.360

1,280

1,320

May.

1,260

1,380

1,280

1,060

960

930

880

770

790

760

980

900

800

760

630

580

560

540

660

620

500

610

760

630

710

650

540

670

890

670

June.

520

470

620

1,010

630

500

480

1,060

1,280

1,180

3,160

6,140

2,250

1,460

1,260

1,100

1,300

2,610

1,420

1,000

880

720

610

750

780

570

540

440

700

1,420

July.

800

800

560

420

365

335

310

285

260

255

260

455

475

330

300

305

275

260

265

450

315

220

275

205

200

172

148

140

68

170

190

Aug.

205

295

210

170

144

194

166

138

350

660

310

205

230

210

220

225

460

860

385

350

670

400

280

245

350

205

225

184

205

320

310

Sept.

300

405

290

255

200

190

220

200

120

150

130

150

120

150

140

92

172

154

130

142

255

235

108

174

140

140

166

162

160

134

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 26; discharge determined from a study 

of weather records, observed gage heights, and 3 discharge measurements. Discharge estimated Aug. 

14-15 and Sept. 10-12.

Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April. .........................................

July..........................................

September ....................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

890 

1,760 

1,460 

895 

345 

9,010 

4,320 

1,380 

6,140 

800 

860 

405

9,010

Minimum.

85 

138 

225 

131 

131 

155 

1,040 

540 

440 

68 

138 

92

68

Mean.

232 

367 

467 

275 

184 

922 

2,130 

793 

1,230 

318 

303 

179

616

Per 

square 

mile.

0.552 

.874 

1.11 

.655 

.438 

2.20 

5.07 

1.89 

2.93 

.757 

.721 

.426

1.47

Run-off 

(depth in 

inciiBS on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.98 

1.28 

.76 

.46 

2.54 

5.66 

2.18 

3.27 

.87 

'.83 

.48

19.95
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 113

DOG RIVER AT NORTHFTELD, VT.

LOCATION. At highway bridge near Norwich University campus in Northfield, 

Washington County. Union Brook joins Dog River a short distance below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 47 square miles (from surveys made by Norwich University 

students).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 14, 1909, to September 30, 1917. Records from May 

14,1909, to August 22,1910, obtained at lower highway bridge; those from August 

23, 1910, to date at present location.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder; gage heights referred to gage datum by 

means of a hook gage inside the well; outside staff gage used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed of gravel and alluvial deposits; subject to slight shifts.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

5.78 feet at 12.30 a. m. March 28 (discharge, 1,440 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year, from water-stage recorder, 0.92 foot several times in August and 

September (discharge, 7.8 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded at present site, 8.5 feet March 25, 1913 

(discharge, 3,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot September 10 

and 11, 1913 (discharge, 3.0 second-feet). At the lower gage, 1909-10 flow was 

practically zero at various times when water was held back by dam above gage.

ICE. River frozen over during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned below 500 second-feet and poorly defined above. 

Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except for periods 

as shown in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying to-rating table mean daily gage height "obtained by inspecting gageheight graph. Records good, except those from November to March, which are 

estimated as stated in footnote to monthly-discharge table.

Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

Date. Made by- height.

Feet.

«1.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

44.9

27.0

Date.

Apr. 2

Sept. 15

Made by 

C.H Pierce. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4,12

1.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

560

12.8

« Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice.

94446° 19 WSP 4£
114 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1. ...........................

2............................

3............................

4............................

5............................

6............................

7............................

8............................

9............................

10............................

11.....'.......................

12............................

13............................

14............................

15............................

16............................

17............................

18............................

19............................

20.. . .

21.:..........................

22............................

23............................

24............................

25

26............................

27............................

28............................

29............................

30............................

31............................

Oct.

22

17

15

14

to

13

12

19

14

15

14

1O

13

20

15

10

14

14

10

7fi

66

OC

27

23

99

9/1

20

1Q

1Q

|Q

Ifl

Nov.

22

22

33

30

9t

24

22

22

22

26

20ia

18

1ft

Mar.

*

on

28

9Q

on

30

O9

31 M

QQ

31

QO

O.7

80

147

ey>A

355

700

365

285 971?

Apr.

495

570

415

402

378

378

365

285

243 <XI1

175

172

1R3

179

170

203

275

OQA

555

602

555

465

365

275

241

235

225

215

225

May.

215

235

225

187

1AR

185

169

166

166 i>&

1KO

151

144

130

116

98

8ft

78

SR

77

100

100

102

IfU

92

118

140

102

June.

88

78

95

63

55

65

162

158

158

390

680

275

235

185

172

207

217

152

127

108

90

74

97

82

69

46

51

52

59

July.

85

90

68

56

50

47

40

37

35

35

33

58

43

38

35

34

28

30

35

34

26

23

24

22

20

19

18

la

16

26

19

Aug.

15

15

14

13

11

10

11

10

50

34

12

11

14

12

15

109

108

63

37

30

41

33

28

34

33

25

22

20

25

27

25

Sept.

28

31

24

20

20

21

21

19

19

18

20

14

14

14

13

14

12

10

9

17

18

14

12

11

10

9

10

10

11

14

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winter, 

unsatisfactory Nov. 15 to Mar. 11; daily discharge not determined. 

22-24,27-30, May 1, June 13, 30, July 1, 23, and Aug. 9-12.

Operation of water-stage recorder 

Discharge estimated Mar. 16, Apr.

Monthly discharge of Dog River at Norihfield, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 47 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

March ........................

April..........................................

May............. ..............................

July...........................................

The year................. ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

78

700 

602 

235 

680 

90 109' 

31

700

Minimum.

12

170 

77 

46 

16 

10 

9

Moan.

20.8 

o42 

o53 

i44 

a 33 

a 100 

321 

132 

146 

36.8 

29.3 

15.9

80.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.443 

.894 

1.13 

.936 

.702 

2.13 

6.83 

2.81 

3.11 

.783 

.623 

.338

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

1.00 

1.30 

1.08 

.73 

2.46 

7.62 

3.24 

3.47 

.90 

.72 

.38

23.41

a Estimated.

NOTE. Mean discharge, Nov. 15 to Mar. 11, estimated from a comparative study of two discharge 

measurements, and records of flow for White and WinoosM rivers.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 115

LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADTS FALLS, VT.

LOCATION. About one-fourth, mile below power house of Morrisville municipal electric plant, at what was formerly known as Cadys Falls, 2 miles downstream from 

Morrisville, Lamoille County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 4, 1913 to September 30, 1917. A station was 

maintained at highway bridge near power plant at Cadys Falls from July 28, 

1909, to July 13, 1910.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder in gage house on right bank, onefourth mile below highway bridge at Cadys Falls, used to December 28, 1916; 

Friez water-stage recorder after December 29, 1916. Gage heights are referred 

to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside tjie well. An outside staff gage is 

used for auxiliary readings. From July 28, 1909, to July 13, 1910, chain gage 

on highway bridge was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed smooth gravel. Well-defined gravel control 500 

feet downstream from gage.

EXTREMES CP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during yeaj from water-stage recorder, 

8.36 feet at 9.30 a. m. June 12 (discharge, 4,520 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.95 feet at 3 a. m. Sept. 18 (discharge, 

74 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10.53 feet April 20, 1914, (discharge 

7,250 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.82 feet, August 17,1914 (discharge, 

50 second-feet).

ICE. Eiver freezes over for short periods during extremely cold weather; stagedischarge relation slightly affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except for short periods as shown in footnote to dailydischarge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height obtained by inspecting gage-height graph, October 1 to April 

30; by discharge integrator after May 1. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 29

Mar. 10

Made by 

H. H. Khachadoorian. .

height.

Feet. 

a 2. 43

«2.72

Discharge.

Sec.-fi. 

190

198

Date.

July 23

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

895

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PABT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Folk, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2.............. 3... ........... :

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9........... . .

10...............

11...............

12...............

13.......... ....

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

533

302

230

163

153

1 9.9

112

144

156

147

1*A

l^fi

o CQ

oon

211

194

484

a?n

551

°.*Q

OQfl

QAO

273

94 A.

121

19Q

115

Nov.

118

343

339

359

313

272

Odd

188

175

911

163

178

163

166

1 QQ

1 79

224

220

944

o on

220

309

1 o^n

QAK

672

367

347

367

1,590

Dec.

1,520

770

560

428

614

972

745

551

471

614

A<y>

416

047

262

97Q

251

99.7

99/t

240

9O/1

207

201 9in

205

9on

200

OAft

200

Jan.

200

195

195

1QK

91ft

244 9K-I

97A

fy-TO

 9Q7

9AQ

94Q

9 KG

770

£9Q

551

445

420

403

324

qoA

9QA

276

268

214

OCQ

262

Feb.

250

240

200

180

205

200

195

01 A

9W

oen

200

200 "9rm

1 Qn

180

180

205

180

1 OH

200

170 i4n

140

1 tK

105

135

i4n

180

Mar.

250

300

290

250

260

230

99fl

9nn

ICE

185

170

210

one

205

190

ice

190

175

200

1 oc

1 flA

ion

190

570

G7ft

1 HATk

2 AOrt

2 inn

1,060

Apr.

2,260

3,420

2,680

2,100

1/880

1,800

2,430

1,590

1,090

820

720

672

636

632

587

596

A^9

1,180

1 Sftft

2 77ft

3,620

3,420

2,680

1,840

1,320

1 i fift

xQ*

70 c

Q79

1,060

May.

1,000

1,060

1,020

800

600

610

600 >>firt

530

izfi

700

Qfift

760

610

540

a an

OOK

345

330

390

410

OOA

370

510

9QC

310

360

qiA

OCA

520

370

June.

305

415

410

510

450

350

300

385

440

1,140

3,420

1,340

HAfi

730

620

<un

1,860

1,080

1,060

fiTfl

vn

460

520

600

460

qoc

OOA

455 1 nnft

July.

900

960

660

430

310

300

200

182

215

240

220

255

285

580

AKf\

400

°.^ft

Qlft

410 471;

540

1 140

jjon

500

330

275

OCA

210

260

620

530

Aug.

435

550

590

420

295

230

99A

205

630

700

440

360

325

290

OOK

320

1,290

l,52a

710 Rtn

Q9/1

650

385

420

670

480

OQft

335 4°0

620

570

Sept.

405

465

550

435

360

340

360

390

220

91 G

240

210

196

isn

174

1AO

116 154

240

285

180 i <\ft

1RO

200

178

ICO

205

oqe

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 18-22,25-31, Jan. 1-5, and Feb. 1 to Mar. 23; discharge 

determined from a study of weather records, recorded gage heights, and 2 discharge measurements. 

Discharge estimated Oct. 24-26 and July 14-16,20.

Monthly discharge of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month".

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

533 

1,590 

1,520 

770 

250 

3,620 

3,620 

1,060 

3,420 

1,140 

1,520 

550

3,620

Minimum.

112

118 

200 

195 

105 

150 

587 

295 

300 

182 

205 

116

105

Mean.

252 

382 

403 

312 

188 

562 

1,600 

546 

745 

440 

530 

252

518

Per 

square 

mile.

0.900 

1.36 

1.44 

1.11 

.671 

2.01 

5.71 

1.95 

2.66 

1.57 

1.89 

.900

1.85

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.04 

1.52 

1.66 

1.28 

.70 

2.32 

6.37 

2.25 

2.97 

1.81 

2.18 

1.00

25.10
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 117

GREEN RIVER AT GARFIELD, VT.

LOCATION. At site of old dam above highway bridge at Garfield village, town of 

Hyde Park, Lamoille County. Green River is tributary to Lamoille River 

about 4 miles east of Morrisville.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 20 square miles (roughly approximate).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 3, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank in pool back of weir; read by P. M. Trescott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Standard sharp-crested weir of compound section 

length of crest at gage height 0.00 is 9.0 feet; at gage height 0.83 foot, length of 

crest is increased 11.17 feet. . Current-meter measurements made at footbridge 

about one-half mile downstream from weir, and at highway bridge about one-half 

mile above weir.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A pool of considerable size is formed in the old mill pond 

back of the weir; at ordinary stages the velocity of approach to the weir is very 

small. Some water leaks around the weir in the old tail-race on left bank.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 3.12 feet at 9 a. m. April 

22 (discharge, from extension of rating curve about 325 second-feet); minimum 

stage during year, 0.45 foot several times in February (discharge, 9.3 second-feet). 

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 3.6 feet at 9 a. m. April 22, 1915 (discharge from extension of rating curve, about 435 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.35 foot at 9 a. m. February 5, 1915 (discharge, 6.3 second-feet). 

Rating curve revised since publication of report for 1916.

ICE. Weir and weir crest kept clear of ice by clear fall below; stage-discharge relation 

not affected by ice.

REGULATION. An old timber dam about 2 miles upstream affects flow to some extent. 

The dam leaks by an amount somewhat greater than the low-water flow. During 

prolonged low stages the surface of water in pond (103 acres) falls below crest of 

dam; subsequent increased flow into pond is retained until water again flows 

over crest, when the increased flow is apparent at gaging station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve based 

on weir formula, Q=3.33 LH3/2, with corrections determined from current-meter 

measurements, and with logarithmic extension above gage height 1.90 feet. 

Gage read twice daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good below 130 second-feet; 

at the higher stages the weir is flooded and records are somewhat uncertain.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by C. T. Middlebrook, consulting 

engineer, Albany, N. Y.

Discharge measur£ments of Green River at Garfield, Vt., during the year ending Sfpt. SO,

1917.

Date.

July 21

Made by height.

Feet. 

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Date.

July 21

Made by a,

Feet. 

1.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 686

» Measured at footbridge one-half mile below gage.

6 Measured at old highway bridge one-half mile above gage.
US SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, >PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22.. .............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

12

12

12

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10

11

13

11

12

12

11

12

16

27

40

30

22

in

17

16

15

14

13

13

Nov.

16

16

19

23

21

18

16

15

14

15

14

14

14

13

13

13

12

12

13

13

12

11

14

71

O9

43

32

30

32

85

Dec.

139

76

51

32

37

75

67

47

oe

42

35

30

26

24

22

10

10

17

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

15

15

14

13

12

19

Jan.

12

12

13

13

13

13

1 9

12

1Q

12

11

11

19

17

19

15

16

16

16

16

16

15

14

14

1 Q

13

12

13

13

12

12

Feb.

19

12

19

11

1 9

1111

12

12

11

11

10

10

10

10

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.3

9.3

9.3

9.3

9.3

9

0

9

0

9.3

10

10

Mar.

9.7

9.7

10

10

10

10111111

12

12

11

1 9

n

12

12

12

12

12

12

13

13

14

18

17

22

34

97

104

83

75 ..

Apr.

98

156

172

148

136

128

146

116

88

62

54

47

40

36

35

34

38

69

142

234

294

318

272

198

117

109

95

96

104

108

May.

104

101

89

73

65

60

55

53

49

48

60

83

74

55

44

35

30

28

26

27

27

24

27

30

- 30

35

31

27

25

30

27

June.

24

20

21

20

19

17

17

20

23

29

75

203

77

79

59

61

95

74

85

114

67

47

45

45

34

29

25

32

64

July.

68

76

62

42

29

23

19

17

16

16

14

19

16

19

78

72

47

34

29

79

86

132

115

54

36

29

25

27

30

35

38

Aug.

35

34

51

41

33

30

27

25

60

116

76

43

34

32

30

28

51

110

77

64

51

44

38

35

44

41

37

31

3d

37

37

Sept.

35

36

33

35

34

33

32

28

26

26

24

23

22

18

12

12

12

12

12

14

14

13

13

13

19

12

12

14

13

16

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Green River at Garfield, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Month. Maximum.

40 

92 

139 

19 

12 

104 

318 

104

Minimum.

10 

11 

12 

11 

9.3 

9.7 

34 

24

Mean.

14.8 

24.3 

31.8 

13.6 

10.4 

23.0 

123 

47.5

Month.

July................

The year.....

Maximum.

203 

132 

116 

36

318

Minimum.

17 

14 

25 

12

9.3

Mean.

54.4 

44.6 

. 46.3 

20.5

37.9
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 

MISSISQTTOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT.

119

LOCATION. About 3 miles downstream from Richford, Franklin County, 3 miles 

below mouth of North Branch and 2 miles above mouth of Trout River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 445 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, and June 26, 1911, to 

September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder in gage house on left bank, about one-fourth 

mile above highway bridge; chain gage on highway bridge used June 26, 1911, to 

July 31, 1915. From May 22, 1909, to December 3, 1910, gage was just below 

plant of the Sweat-Comings Co. in Richford.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; banks not subject to overflow; stream bed 

composed of gravel, boulders, and ledge rock. Control is sharply denned by 

rock outcrop about 100 feet below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

11.53 feet at 5 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 8,690 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

water-stage recorder, 2.77 feet at 6 a. m. September 28 (discharge, 191 secondfeet).

- 1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 16.7 feet by chain gage March 26, 19^.3 

(determination of discharge, 10,200 second-feet, from extension of rating curve 

may be subject to error); minimum stage recorded, 4.15 feet by chain gage, 

July 14, 1911 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge determined from 

gage heights corrected for backwater by means of current-meter measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Considerable daily fluctuation at low stages caused by operation of 

power plants at Richford.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly, presumably when ice went 

out March 27. Rating curve fairly well defined below 6,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory during the year except for occasional 

short periods. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height determined by inspection of recorder sheets; determinations 

for periods for which no record was obtained, are based on comparison with 

records of flow of streams in adjacent drainage basins. Results good for periods 

when water-stage recorder was in operation, and fair for other periods and during 

the winter.

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 3

Dec. 31

14 or Q

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt. .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.80

04.88

o4.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

644

381

288

Date.

Apr. 2

July 25

26

Made by 

H. H. Khachadoorian. .

Hardin Thweatt........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.39

3.65

3.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.970

486

417

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vl., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

90

30..............

31

Oct.

1.350

900

668

488

418

350

292

250

258

327

322

292

341

1,740

1,390

935

935

970

935

2,050

3,130

2,530

1,600

1,150

970

865

798

732

635

575

521

Nov.

545

700

720

732

668

575

521

488

488

830

830

420

440

440

440

450

460

480

488

557

510

466

521

3,130

3,330

1,350

1,230

1,110

1,190

3,530

Dec.

3,740

2,140

1,600

980

1,450

1,800

1,250

1,000

860

1,050

840

760

640

580

490

460

460

430

410

410

410

380

380

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

360

Jan.

360

360

310

310

310

360

520

460

410

360

310

310

310

360

1,500

1,250

980

840

760

700

660

640

580

540

520

490

460

410

460

460

430

Feb.

430

410

360

360

360

360

360

380

430

430

410

360

340

310

310

310

360

310

310

360

310

270

250

250

230

230

310

410

Mar.

460

520

490

460

430

410

380

360

280' 310

280

360

360

360

340

340

340

340

340

340

310

360

520

1,050

1,500

1,800

3,300

5,600

3,200

3,200

3

OQA

Apr.

4,050

5,880

8,000

6,480

5,160

4,380

4,600

4,050

2,740

1,920

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,240

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,640

2,440

3,720

5,040

6,240

6,240

4,820

2,840

2,100

1,760

1,640

1, 720

1,920

May.

2,100

2,540

2,440

1,840

1,480

1,280

1,240

1,170

1,140

1,170

2,200

2,840

2,060

1,560

1,520

1,200

960

925

890

1,000

1,050

900

1,030

1,200

1,280

1,240

1,060

830

740

740

710

June.

640

600

625

1,170

950

710

650

600

650

1,500

2,150

6,120

4,600

2,540

2,440

1,720

1,440

1,920

1,880

1,030

1,320

960

680

565

570

496

460 424'

469

1,600

July.

2,240

1,880

1,200

770

575

487

415

363

335

350

293

300

375

383

428

469

375

424

1,720

1,640

960

1,060

1,030

710

585

455

371

318

282

307

314

Aug.

296

314

391

339

268

225

200

200

363

1,170

 800

482

359

307

318

545

1,640

2,640

1,520

1,600

1,640

1,060

740

585

565

555

433

367

355

514

710

Sept.

585

600

680

536

407

391

399

355

307

482

455

383

332

300

276

359

367

304

279

-960

1,100

770

492

391

328

300

282

293

375

469

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from about Dec. 15 to Mar. 27. Discharge computations 

for this period based on gage heights corrected for efl'ect of ice by means of two discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated during periods of open water as follows: Oct. 

1, Nov. 3,12-18, Dec. 3-14, Mar. 28-30, May 20-22, June 5, 7-10, July 10, Aug. 6-8.

Monthly discharge of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area 445 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

January .......................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May.............................. . ..........

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,130 

3,530 

3,740 

1,500 

430 

5,600 

8,000 

2,840 

6,120 

2,240 

2,640 

1,100

8,000

Minimum.

250 

420 

360 

310 

230 

280 

1,140 

710 

. , 424 

282 

200 

282

200

Mean.

926 

921 

819 

540 

340 

1,020 

3,270 

1,370 

1,380 

691 

694 

452

1,040

Per 

square 

mile.

2.08 

2.07 

1.84 

1.21 

.764 

2.29 

7.35 

3.08 

3.10 

1.55 

1.56 

1.02

2.34

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.40 

2.31 

2.12 

1.40 

.80 

2.64 

8.20 

3.55 

3.46 

1.79 

1.80 

1.14

31.61
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE EIVEE. 121

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

LOCATION. Just below plant of Newport Electric Light Co. at West Derby (Newport), Orleans County; about 1 mile above mouth, of river.

DRAINAGE 'AREA. 150 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on right bank used to March 8, 

1917, when a Stevens 8-day water-stage recorder was installed; chain gage fastened to tree is used for auxiliary readings; gage heights referred to chain-gage 

datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading near gage, or from highway bridge 

half a mile downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough and irregular; covered with boulders 

and ledge rock; fall of river rapid for some distance below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

3.90 feet at 3 a. m. April 25 (discharge, 1,370 second-feet); minimum stage during 

year from chain gage 1.98 feet at 8.20 a. m. March 20 (discharge, 86 second-feet).

ICE. Ice covers large boulders below gage during greater part of winter and causes 

some backwater.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages fully controlled by two dams at West Derby, 

but power plant is so operated that fluctuations in stage are not great. Distribution of flow affected also by several dams above West Derby. Seymour Lake 

and several smaller ponds in the basin afford a large amount of natural storage, 

but at the present time there is little if any artificial regulation at these ponds.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice; individual current-meter measurements occasionally plot erratically, 

probably because of rough measuring section. Rating curve fairly well defined. 

Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory during a part of the year on 

account of clock stopping, as indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to rating table, 

using observer's reading of chain gage when recorder was not in operation (chaingage readings to quarter-tenths twice daily). Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. 80, 1917. .

Date.

Oct. 4 

4 

Jan. 1

Mar. 8

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt. 

.....do............ 

.....do............

H. H. KhachaGage height, 

in feet.

Hook 

gage.

2.57 

2.57 

«2.49

2.60

Chain 

gage.

2.53 

2.53 

«2.40

2.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

254 

247 

170

124

Date.

Apr. 3

July 24 

24

H. H. KhachaM. R. Stackpole.. 

Hardin Thweatt.

Gage height 

in feet.

Hook 

gage.

3.48 

2.61 

2.61

Chain 

gage.

3.48 

2.46 

2.46

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

886 

234

. 219

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

170

197

218

221

214

182

158

138

135

120

115

110

122

100

102

110

120

125

128

143

173

197

207

218

228

214

194

182

170

155

145

Nov.

140

140

145

150

155

155

150

146

145

lift

140

135

135

140

146

140

135

130

128

140

120

115

105

205

91 <i

243

255

275

284

350

Dec.

360

^Qft

435

420

400

387

375

350

320

305

315

298

265

255

245

240

230

230

220

220

205

205

205

205

200

195

185

180

175

175

Jan.

145

120

105

110

1QC

155

146

140 lift

11S

ion

128

130

140

195

155

155

1 W

140 -IOK

130

120

120

115

110

110

110

110

110

110

Feb.

110

110

110

110

115

110

105

100

100

Q1

Q1

90

90

90

DC

85

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

OK

on

95

110

Mar.

120

155

115

120

110

102

115

120

120

Q1

105

Q1

90

112

110

95

102

90

86

100

90

90 110

130

iis

210

364

449

505

505

Apr.

500

710

850

900

onn

900

QOft

850

71R

665

580

540

460

432

411

390

378

404

432

540

665

950

1,180

1,370

1,370

1 240

I'oeo ono.

800

755

May.

755

755

800

800

755

665

580

540

540

500

ifin

500 iin

580

580

540

500

453

425

397

384

366

372

360

354

OJQ

354

325

320

oin

300

June.

290

'280 280

260

240

232

228

216

204

216

228

264

268

310

O/IQ

336

460

425

418

397

354

315

272

285

300

272

244

200

17Q

July..

172

165

159

150

130

115

110

105

105

110

125

150

180

205

200

180

165

195

215

230

240

240

9AA

236

OCQ

IQfl

162

1W

133

Aug.

127

127

138

144

162

165

153

144

200

228

216

220

236

232

228

204

236

272

300

360

411

418

378

360

384

JfO

425

432

453

115

439

Sept.

397

404

336

295

280

J 260

270

210 lift

140

145

130

115

100

on

SOfin

80

85

100

110

. 110

95

on

oe

OE

80

71

80

100

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Jan. 4 and Jan. 17 to Feb. 26; discharge 

determined from a study of weather records, recorded gage heights, and 1 discharge measurement. 

Discharge July 4-23 and Se"pt. 6-30 estimated by comparison with records for nearby streams.

Monthly discharge of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917 

[Drainage area 150 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

228 

350 

435 

195 

115 

505 

1,370 

800 

460 

244 

453 

404

1,370

Minimum.

100 

105 

175 

105 

80 

86 

378 

300 

179 

105 

127 

75

75

Mean.

162 

167 

271 

131 

93.6 

157 

760 

499 

290 

170 

279 

155

262

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

i.ir 

1.81 

.873 

.624 

1.05 

5.07 

3.33 

1.93 

1.13 

1.86 

1.03

1.75

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

1.24 

2.09 

1.01 

.65 

1.21 

5.66 

3.84 

2.15 

1.30 

2.14 

1.15

23.68
INDEX.

Accuracy of data and results of computation 8-9 

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Amberg, Wis., Pike River at................ 25-26

Appropriations, record of.................... 5

Auburn, N. Y., Owaseo Lake outlet near.... 76-77

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.... 104-105

West Branch of, near Newman, N. Y.... 106

Authorization of work....................... 5

Bad River near Odanah, Wis................ 18-20

Barton, Mich., Huron River at.............. 55-56

Beaver River at State dam near Beaver

River, N.Y..................... 90-91

Black River at Black River, N. Y........... 81-82

nearBoonville, N. Y.................... 79-S1

Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N.Y....................... 84-86

Boonville, N. Y., Black River near.......... 79-81

Black River canal near.................. 84-86

Forestport feeder near .................. 83-84

Brasher Center, N. Y., St. Regis River at.. .99-100 

Brule River near Brule, Wis................ 17-18

Burlington, Vt., Lake Champlain at....... 107-108

Cadys Falls, Vt., LamoUle River at....... 115-116

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y... 75

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N.Y. 71-72

at Shakers Crossing, N. Y................ 72-73

near Dansville, N.Y..................... 69-70

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y........ 57-59

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn....... 15-17

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt............ 121-122

Control, definition of......................... 6

Cooperation, record of....................... 9-10

Crivitz, Wis., Peshtigo River at High Falls,

near............................. 26-28

Current meters, Price, plate showing........ 8

Dansville, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek near..... 69-70

Data, accuracy of............................ 8-9

explanation of........................... 7-8

Definition of terms .......................... 6

Dog River at Northfield, Vt............... 113-114

Flat Rock, Mich., Huron River at........... 56-57

Florence, Wis., Pine River near............. 22-24

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N.Y...... 83-84

Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y.,

Richelieu River at............. 100-101

Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near

Wrightstown, Wis............... 30-37

Freeland, Mich., Tittabawassee River at.... 53-54

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing.... 9

Gaging station, typical, plate showing....... 8

Gaging stations, location of................ ix-nn

Garfield, Vt., Green River at...... I....... 117-118

Page. 

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount

Morris, N.Y..................... 65-«6

at Rochester, N.Y...................... 67-68

at St. Helena, N.Y...................... 63-«4

at Scio.N.Y............................ 61-62

Gillctt, Wis., Oconto River near............. 29-30

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich......... 52-53

Green River at Garfleld, Vt............... 117-118

Groveland Station, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek,

at............................... 71-73

Gurley printing water-stage recorder, plate

showing..................... 9

Harrisville, N. Y., West Branch of Oswegatchie River near............... 95-06

Harvey, 111., Little Calumet River at....... 50-52

Hemlock, N. Y., Canadice Lake outlet near.. 75 

Heuvelton, N. Y., Oswegatchie River near.. 93-95 

Huron River at Barton, Mich......... .. 55-56

at Flat Rock, Mich..................... 56-57

Illinois, cooperation by.__.._.... ..... 9

Independence, Minn., Cloquet River at...... 15-17

Jones Bridge near Mount Morris, N. Y.,

Genesee River at................ 65-66

Keshena, Wis., Wolf River at............... 37-39

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y........ 74-75

Koss, Mich., Menominee River below...... 21-22

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt......... 107-108

Lake Erie, streams tributary to............ 55-59

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.......... 107

Lake Huron, stream tributary to............ 53-54

Lake Michigan, streams tributary to......... 21-53

Lake Ontario, streams tributary to.......... 59-91

Lake Superior, streams tributary to......... 11-20

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt........ 115-116

Linden, N. Y., Little Tonawanda Creek at.. 59-61 

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111........ 50-52

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.... 59-61

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis......... 42-44

Lutsen, Minn., Poplar River at............. 11-12

Meadowlands, Minn., Whiteface River below. 12-15 

Menominee River below Koss, Mich........ 21-22

Middlebury, Vt., Otter Creek at........... 109-110

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis. _.. 48-50 

Minnesota, cooperation by............ .. 9

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt....... 119-120

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.......... 86-88

Middle Branch of, at Old Forge, N. Y... 88-89 

Mount Morris, N. Y., Genesee River near.... 65-66

Neopit, Wis., West Branch of Wolf River at. 41-42 

New London, Wis., Wolf River at.......... 39-41

New York, cooperation by................... 9

123
124 INDEX.

Page. 

Newman, N. Y., West Branch of Ausable

River near. _................... 106

Newton Falls, N. Y., East Branch of Oswegatchie River at................. 91-92

Northfield, Vt., Dog River at............. 113-114

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis............. 29-30

Odanah, Wis., Bad River near ............. 18-20

Old Forge, N. Y., Middle Branch of Moose

River at......................... 88-89

Onondaga Creek, West Branch of, at South

Onondaga, N. Y................. 78

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y.... 93-85

East Branch of, at Newton Falls, N. Y.. 91-92

West Branch of, near Harrisville, N. Y.. 95-96

Otter Creek at Middleburg, Vt............ 109-110

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y..... 76-77

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz,

Wis.............................. 26-28

Piercefleld, N. Y., Raquette River at........ 97-98

Pike River at Amberg, Wis....: ............. 25-26

Pine River near Florence, Wis............... 22-24

Plattsburg, N. Y., Saranac River near... -. 101-103 

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn............... 11-12

Price current meters, plate showing.......... 8

Publications, obtaining or consulting of ...... ra-rv

on stream flow, lists of.................. iv-vn

on water resources, list of........... xrv-xxvm

Rapide Croche dam near Wrightstown, Wis.,

Fox River at..................... 30-37

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.......... 97-98

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses

Point, N.Y................... 100-101

Richford, Vt., Missisquoi River near....... 119-120

Rochester, N. Y., Genesee River at....... ^.. 67-68

Rogers Rock, N. Y., Lake George at........ 107

Rouses Point, N. Y., Richelieu River at... 100-101 

Royalton, Wis., Little Wolf River at........ 42-44

Run-off (depth in inches), definition of...... 6

Page. 

St. Helena, N. Y., Genesee River at......... 63-64

St. Lawrence River, streams tributary to. - - 91-122 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.... 99-100

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y...... 101-103

Scio, N. Y., Genesee River at................. 61-62

Scope of work............................... 5-6

Second-feet, definition of_................. 6

per square mile, definition of............ 6

Shakers Crossing, N. Y., Canaseraga Creek at 72-73 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis...... 46-48

Sonyea, N.Y., Keshequa Creek near......... 74-75

South Onondaga, N. Y., West Branch of Onondaga Creek at.............. 78

Stage-discharge relation, definition of........ 6

Stevens continuous water-stage recorder,

plate showing.................. 9

Terms, definitions of........................ 6

Tittabawassee River at Freeland.Mich....... 53-51

Vermont, cooperation by.................... 10

Versailles, N. Y., Cattaraugus Creek at....... 57-59

Water-stage recorders, plate showing....... 9

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis....... 44-46

West Derby, Vt., Clyde River at.......... 121-122

Weyauwega, Wis., Waupaca River near..... 44-46

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn. 12-15 

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt......... 111-112

Wisconsin Railroad Commission, cooperation

by............................. 9

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis................. 37-39

. at New London, Wis.................... 39-41

West Branch of, at Neopit, Wis........ 41-42

Work, authorization of................;..... 5

division of............................... 10

scope of_.............................. 5-6

Wrightstown, Wis., Fox River near......... 30-37

Zero flow, point of, definition of. 6
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PABT iv. ST. LAWEENCE EIVEK BASIN
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigations of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features, as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, in three volumes:

A. Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B. Snake River basin.

C. Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications 6f the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish list giving prices.

3: Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Chicago, 111., 1404 Kimball Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Kailroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building..

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Topeka, Kans., Room 25, Federal Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona.

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building.

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Francisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained 

by applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,240 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

fA=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; "VVWWater-Supply Paper.]

Eeport.

10th A, pt. 2.... ........

12th A, pt. 2............

13th A, pt. 3............

14th A, pt. 2...........

B131..................

16th A, pt. 2............

BJ40............ .......

WJ1........... ........

18th A, pt. 4..... .......

W15...................

Character of data.

.....do...........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

Year.

her, 1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894

1SQR

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Eeport.

W16.. ...... ...........

19thA, pt. 4.. ..........

W27............ .......

W 28.... ...... .........

20th A, pt. 4............

W35 to 39. ............

21st A, pt. 4............

W47 to 52 .............

22dA,pt. 4............

W65, 66.. .............

W75. .................

W82 to 85... ..........

W97tolOO.... ........

Wl24tol35...........

W20lto214...........

W241 to 252. ..........

W261 to 272... ........

W281tq292...........

W30lto312. ..........

W321to332. ..........

W351to362...........

W381to394. ..........

W401 to 414. ..........

W431 to 444.. .........

W451 to 464.. .........

Character of data.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States.

some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do............................... .........................

Year.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1SOQ

1900.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

IQftd

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1Q11

1912.

1&3.

ittli

1915.

1916.

1Q17

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers 

of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 1917. 

The data for any particular station will, as a rule, be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me,, 1903 to 

1917, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 

261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, and 451, which contain records 

for the New England streams from 1903 to 1917. Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins. 

94446° 19 WSP 454 9
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899a......

19003......

1901......

1902. ..... 

1903.......

1904.......

1905. ......

1906. ......

1907-8..... 

1909.......

1910. ......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915. ......

1916.......

1917.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47. ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

n 124. ol25. 

P126 

n 165,o 166, 

P167 

« 201,o 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

& 35, 36 

48 

65,75 

6 82, 83 

6 97. 98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

"tfA 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433 

453

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36

49 

65,75 

Z82,S3 

97 

129

170 

'206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper

sippi

River 

basins.

36

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

fc83,85 

t98,99,mlOO 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

c36,37 

49,/50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,8131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

* 98,99 

* 128, 131

* 179, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

257 

387 

407 

437 

457

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438 

458

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

« Mphave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

ft Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

i Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

I Lake Ontario and 

m Hudson Bay only

n New England Ri

o Hudson River to 

P Susquehanna Ri

? Platte and Kans

r Great Basin in C

« Below junction w

t Rogue, Umpqua
GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and 

in the records for the large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the 

streams in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross 

back and forth over the lake surface.
PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The St. Lawrence River basin includes streams which drain into 

the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. The principal streams 

flowing directly or indirectly into Lake Superior from the United 

States are St. Louis, Ontonagon, Dead, and Carp rivers; streams 

flowing into Lake Michigan are Escanaba, Menominee, Peshtigo, 

Oconto, Fox, St. Joseph, and Grand rivers; into Lake Huron flow 

Thunder Bay, Au Sable, Rifle, and Saginaw rivers; into Lake Erie 

flow Huron, Maumee, Sandusky, Black, .and Cuyahoga rivers. 

Streams flowing into Lake Ontario are Genesee, Oswego, Salmon, 

and Black rivers. The St. Lawrence receives Oswegatchie and 

Raquette rivers, Richelieu River (the outlet of Lake Champlain), 

and St. Francis River, whose principal tributary, Clyde River, reaches 

it through Lake Memphremagog. The streams of this basin dram 

wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, 

New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, this part contains a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by State and other organizations. (See 

p. xix.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash following a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1917. Period 

after date indicates discontinuance.

Streams tributary to Lake Superior: 

Brule Eiver at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Devil Track River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Cascade Eiver at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., 1911- 

Beaver Bay Eiver at Beaver Bay, Minn., 1911-1914. 

St. Louis Eiver near Cloquet, Minn., 1903. 

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., 1909-1915.

Whiteface Eiver at Meadowlands, Minn., -1909-1912.

Whiteface Eiver below Meadowlands, Minn., 1912-

Cloquet Eiver at Independence, Minn., 1909- 

Aminicon Eiver near Aminicon Falls, Wis., 1914-1916. 

Brule Eiver near Brule, Wis., 1914- 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis., 1914- 

Ontonagon River near Rockland, Mich., 1903.

IX
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Streams tributary to Lake Superior Continued. 

Sturgeon River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Perch River near Sidnaw, Mich., 1912-1915. 

Dead River near Negaunee, Mich., 1902-3. 

Dead River at Forestville, Mich., 1898-1902. 

Carp River near Marquette, Mich., 1902-3. 

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan:

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., 1903-1915.

Brule River (head of Menominee River) near Florence, Wis., 1914-1916.

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., 1902-1914.

Menominee River at Lower Quinnesec Falls, Wis., 1898-99.

Menominee River at Koss, Mich., 1902-1909; 1914.

Menominee River below Koss, Mich., 1913-

Iron River near Iron River, Mich., 1900-1905.

Pine River near Florence, Wis., 1914-

Pike River at Amberg., Wis., 1914- 

Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis., 1912- 

Peshtigo River near Crivitz, Wis., 1906-1909. 

Peshtigo River at Crivitz, Wis., 1906. 

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., 1906-1909; 1914- 

Oconto River at Stiles, Wis., 1906. 

Fox River at Omro, Wis., 1902-3. 

Fox River at Oshkosh, Wis., 1902. 

Fox River at Wrightstown, Wis., 1902-1904. 

Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, Wis., 1896-

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., 1907-1909; 1911-

Wolf River at White House Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906-7.

Wolf River at Darrows Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906.

Wolf River at New London, Wis., 1913-

Wolf River at Northport, Wis., 1905.

Wolf River at Winneconne, Wis., 1902-3.

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., 1911- 

Little Wolf River at Hoyalton, Wis., 1914- 

Little Wolf River near Northport, Wis., 1907-1910. 

Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis., 1916-

Fond du Lac River, West Branch (head of Fond du Lac River) at Fond du 

Lac, Wis., 1903.

East Branch of Found du Lac River at Fond du Lac, Wis., 1903. 

Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis., 1916- 

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., 1914- 

Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111., 1916- 

St. Joseph River at Mendon, Mich., 1902-1905. 

St. Joseph River near Buchanan, Mich., 1901-1906.

Fawn River at White Pigeon, Mich., 1903-4. 

Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Mich., 1901-1907.

Reeds Springs near Albion, Mich., 1904-1906. 

Grand River at North Lansing, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., 1901-

Crockery Creek at Slocums Grove, Mich., 1902-3.

Red Cedar River at Agricultural College, Mich., 1902-3. 

Muskegon River at Newaygo, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich., 1903-1916. 

Boardman River at Traverse City, Mich., 1904.
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Streams tributary to Lake Huron:

Thunder Bay River near Alpena, Mich., 1901-1908 

Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich., 1908-1914. 

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., 1902-1913. 

Rifle River near Sterling, Mich., 1905-1908. 

Rifle River at Omer, Mich., 1902-3. 

Shiawassee River (head of Saginaw River): 

Flint River at Flint, Mich., 1903-4. 

Cass River at Frankenmuth, Mich., 1908-9. 

Cass River at Bridgeport, Mich., 1908. 

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., 1903-1909; 1912- 

Streams tributary to Lake Erie:

Huron River at Dover, Mich., 1904. 

Huron River at Dexter, Mich., 1904-1916. 

Huron River at Barton, Mich., 1914- 

Huron River atOeddes, Mich., 1904-1914. 

Huron River at French Landing, Mich., 1904-5. 

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., 1904- 

Maumee River near Sherwood, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Maumee River near Waterville, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

St. Joseph River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

Tiffin River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Auglaize River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903. 

Ottawa River at Lima, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Blanchard River at Ottawa, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio, 1898-1900. 

Sandusky River at Fremont, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Independence, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Cleveland, Ohio, 1903. 

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., 1910- 

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario: 

Niagara River:

Tonawanda Creek:

Little Tonawanda Creek near Linden, N. Y., 1912- 

Genesee River at Scio, N. Y., 1916- 

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., 1908- 

Genesee River at Mount Morris, N. Y., 1905-1909. 

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 1903-1906; 1908-1913;

1915- 

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 1904-

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., 1910-1912; 1915-1917. 

Canaseraga Creek at Groveland station, N. Y., 1915- 

Canaserago Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y., 1915- 

Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y., 1910-1912. 

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., 1915-1917. 

Hemlock Lake at Hemlock, N. Y., 1894-1902. 

Canadice outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., 1903- 

Honeoye Creek at East Rush, N. Y., 1903-1906.

Seneca River (head of Oswego River) at Baldwinsville, N. Y., 1898-1908. 

Oswego River at Fulton, N. Y., 1900; 1902. 

Oswego River at Battle Island, above Minetto, N. Y., 1900-1906.
XII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAJIT IV.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued.

Oswego River at high dam, near Oswego, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Seneca Lake at Geneva, N. Y., 1905-6. 

Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, N. Y., 1905-1908.

Fall Creek near Ithaca, N. Y., 1908-9. 

Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y., 1912- 

Skaneateles Lake at Skaneatleles, N. Y., 1890-91. 

Skaneateles Lake outlet at Willow Glen, N. Y., 1892-1908. 

Skaneateles Lake outlet at Jordan, N. Y., 1890-1892. 

Onondaga Lake outlet at Long Branch, N. Y., 1904. 

West Branch of Onondago Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y., 1916- 

Fish Creek, East Branch (through Oneida Lake, head of Oneida River), at

Point Rock, N. Y., 1898-99. 

Oneida River at Brewerton, N. Y., 1899. 

Oneida River at Oak Orchard, near Euclid, N. Y., 1902-1909. 

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y., 1910-1913. 

Fish Creek:

West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Oneida Creek at Kenwood, N. Y., 1898-1900. 

Chittenango Creek at Chittenango, N. Y., 1901-1906. 

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y., 1911-1913. 

Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y., 1900-1908; 1910-1914.

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., 1911-1916. 

Black River near Boonville, N. Y., 1911- 

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., 1902-1913. 

Black River at Black River, N. Y., 1917-

Black River at Huntingtonville dam, near Watertown, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Black River canal flowing south near Boonville, N. Y., 1915- 

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., 1900-

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., 1911- 

Beaver River at State dam, near Beaver River, N. Y., 1908- 

Beaver River at Croghan, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Streams tributary to the St. Lawrence:

Oswegatchie River, East Branch (head of Oswegatchie River), at Newton Falls,

N. Y., 1912-

Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y., 1916- 

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1903-1916.

West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y., 1916- 

Raquette RiVer at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., 1908- 

Raquette River at South Colton, N. Y., 1904. 

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., 1903-1916.

Bog River pear Tupper Lake, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., 1910-

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works (railroad station), Ironton, N. Y., 1912-1916. 

Chateaugay River near Chateaugay, N. Y., 1908. 

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 1875- 

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., 1907- 

Big Chazy River at Moors, N. Y., 1908. 

Saranac River at Saranac Lake, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., 1903- 

Ausable River, West Branch, near Newman, N. Y., 1916-
GAGING STATIONS. XIII

Streams tributary to the St. Lawrence Continued. 

Richelieu River Continued. 

Lake Champlain Continued.

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., 1910- 

Ausable River at Keeseville, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Boquet River at Willsboro, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y., 1913- 

Lake George outlet at Ticonderoga, N. Y., 1904-5. 

Poultney River at Fairhaven, Vt., 1908.

Mettawee River at Whitehall, N. Y., 1908. 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910-

East Creek near Rutland, Vt., 1911-1913.

WinoosH River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914. 

WinoosH River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909- 

WinoosH River at Richmond, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910. 

WinoosH River near WinoosH, Vt., 1903.

Worcester Branch of WinoosH River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914.

Dog River at Northfield, Vt., 1909-

Dog River near Montpelier Junction, Vt., 1910.

Mad River at Moretown, Vt., 1910.

Little River near Waterbury, Vt., 1910.

Huntington River at Jonesville, Vf., 1910. 

Lamoille River at Morrisville, Vt., 1909-10. 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, near Morrisville, Vt., 1913- 

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., 1910-1913. 

Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., 1903,

Green River at Garfield, Vt., 1915- 

Missisquoi River at Richford, Vt., 1909-10. 

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 1911- 

Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., 1903.

St. Francis River (by way of Lake Memphremagog and Magog River): 

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., 1909-
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OP THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN.1

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Watersupply papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of Northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Continued in No. 26.)

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; gives many well 

sections.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

No. 24 contains descriptions of the principal rivers of New York and their more important 

tributaries and data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

No. 25 contains discussion of water-storage projects on Genesee and Hudson Elvers, power 

development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter 

on the use and value of the water powers of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the 

water yield of sand areas of Long Island.

*26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 

64 pp. 5c.

Discusses, by counties, the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; contains many well 

sections.

30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 

97 pp. 7 pis.

Describes lake and river transportation and navigation, water powers and domestic water 

supplies; discusses climate, tipography, geology, and well waters; compares quality and quantity of waters.

*31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Treats of economic value of mineral waters and discussion and classification of analyses; contains analyses of waters of Lake Superior and of smaller lakes and rivers and of well waters from 

various geologic formations; also sanitary condition of drinking waters.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebrasks-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 to 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second, revised, edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.)

XIV.

91. The natural features and economic development of the Sandusky, Mauinee, 

Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. and M. S. Flynn. 

1904. 130 pp. lOc.

Describes the topography, geology, and soils of the areas, and discusses stream flow, dams, 

water powers, and public water supplies.

For stream-measurement reports, see tables on pp. iv. v, vi.
PUBLICATIONS. XV

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and of lower Michigan. The report 

comprises tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth yield, head, 

etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use 

and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. Superseded by 152. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 19057 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains:

Water resources of the Watkins Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr; pp. 134-140. 

Discusses the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality 

as indicated by examination of Sixmile and Fall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water 

at Ithaca.

New artesian water supply at Ithaca, New York, by F. L. Whitney, pp. 55-64.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows:

Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Lower Michigan; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; Indiana, by Frank Leverett; New York, by F. B. Weeks; Ohio, by 

Frank Leverett.

Each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, the relation of the geology 

to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists also principal mineral springs.

121. Preliminary report on the pollution of Lake Champlain, by M. 0. Leighton. 

1905. 119 pp., 13 pis. 20c.

Describes the lake and principal inflowing streams and discusses the characteristics of the 

water and the.wastes resulting from the manufacturing processes by which the waters are 

polluted. Discusses also the effect of mill waste on algae, bacteria, and fish.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Cites legislative acts relating to ground waters in Michigan and Wisconsin.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams 

and wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New 

York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains three brief reports pertaining chiefly to areas in the St. Lawrence River basin:

Two unusual types of artesian flow, by Myron L. Fuller. Describes (1) artesian flows from 

uniform, unconfined sand on Long Island, N. Y., and in Michigan; and (2) flow from jointed 

upper portion of limestone and other rocks in southeastern Michigan.

Water resources of the Catatonk area, New York, by E. M. Kindle. Describes topography 

and geology of areas southeast of Finger Lake region, New York, including part of city of Ithaca; 

discusses briefly the artesian wells of Ithaca, the quality of the spring water at several small 

towns, and of the streams used for municipal supplies and for power.

A ground-water problem to southeastern Michigan, by Myron L. Fuller. Discusses causes 

of failure of wells to certain areas in southeastern Michigan in 1904 and the application of the 

conclusions to other regions.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905, 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes flood on Grand River, Mien, (from report of R. E. Horton), discussing streams 

precipitation, and temperature, discharge, damage, and prevention of future damage.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties) the location, depth, diameter, yield, 

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed 

in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911?, PART IV.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149pp. lOc.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New 

York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 

25c.

Describes, by river systems, the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall, and run-off, water 

powers and dams.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Contains brief report entitled Flowing well districts in the eastern part of the northern 

peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods on Sixmile Creek and Cayuga Inlet, N. Y. (in 1867,1901, and 

1905), and on Grand River, Mich., and estimate of flood discharge and frequency for Genesee 

River; gives index to literature on floods in American streams.

*182. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 

5 pis. 50c.

*183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions 

of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1907. 

393 pp., 5 pis. 50c.

Nos. 182 and 183 describe in general the geographic features, water-bearing formations, drainage, quality of water, and subterranean-water temperature, and give details concerning water 

supplies by counties. The report contains many analyses.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook, 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp.,

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

236. The quality of surface water in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Lake Superior 

and Lake Michigan, Kalamazoo and Grand rivers, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Maumee River and 

St. Lawrence and Oswegatchie rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp.,

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams 

describes the larger drainage basins and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples of 

water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source, course, and quality of water; 

includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 

279 pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses in detail, tor each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology, and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives record of wells and analyses of water. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effects of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification and chemical composition; many analyses and field
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

364. Water analyses Iron the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of water from Caledonia Spring, New York, and from the Quincy mine, 

Mich.

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1917. 16 pp., 32 pis. 45c.

Contains brief description of general features of drainage of Wisconsin and of the rivers surveyed, but consists chiefly of maps showing "not only the outlines of the river banks, the islands, 

the positions of rapids, falls, shoals, and existing dams, and the crossings of all ferries and roads, 

but the contours of banks to pa. elevation high enough to indicate the possibility of using the 

stream."

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SOTEKINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Annual reports 1 to 26 are royal octavo; later reports are octavo.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

Seventeenth Annual Pveport of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 3 parts in 4 vols. * Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108-113. Describes 

the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, 

Kankakee, Fox, Ulinois-VermiUon, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Saogamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, 

Rock River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, KaskasMa, Big Muddy, and tributaries of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, 

the wells supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells :contains tabulated artesian 

well data and water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Pveport, United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Charles D. 

Walcott, Director. 1897. 5 parts in 6 volumes. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, x, 

756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33-37. Describes Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, and 

Beaver rivers and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams discharging 

into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the Upper Mississippi through the 

Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper artesian 

wells, and gives records of-wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs and gives 

analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for water works, 

and of cities and villages using shallow and deep well waters; discusses the source and quality 

of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

Nineteenth Annual Pveport of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Pts. II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 volumes and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV. Hydrography. $1.85. 

Contains:

*The rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orton, pp. 633-717, pis. 71-73. Describes the principal geologic formations of Ohio and the waters from the different strata; discusses the flowing 

wells at various points and the artesian wells of the deep preglacial channels in Alien, Auglaize 

and Mercer counties; discusses city aflfl village supplies; gives analyses of waters from various 

formations.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs are of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be obtained from the Geological 

Suryey or from the Superintendent of Documents at the prices given. An asterisk (*) indicates that the 

Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. (See Finding lists, pp. 89,118.)

XLI. Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and Ohio basins, by Frank 

Leverett. 1902. 802 pp., 28 pis. $1.75.

Treats of an area extending westward from Genesee Valley in New York across northwestern 

Pennsylvania and Ohio, central and southern Indiana, and southward from Lakes Ontario 

and Erie to Allegheny and Ohio rivers.
XVIII SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that 'the Geological Survey's stock of paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT or DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, P. C.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Onondaga County, N. Y., and Hancock and Wood counties, 

Ohio. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an accountof progress in the collection of wellrecords and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Cook County, 111.; Erie County, N. Y.; 

Ottawa, Sandusky, and Summit counties, Ohio; and Manitowoc County, Wis. The wells of 

which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed "they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth of underground-water horizens. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They will be sold at 

the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate 

applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library 

edition of folio 186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells 

for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers 

sell for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

1 Index maps showing areas in the St. Lawrence basin covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the director II. S. Geological Survey, Washington, 

D.C. ,
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios in 

the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection 

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*81. Chicago, Illinois-Indiana.

Describes an area embracing not only the immediate site of the city°but adjacent parts of 

Cook, Dupage, and Will counties, 111.; gives an account of the water power, discusses the quality 

of the waters, and gives analyses of waters from artesian wells; gives also a list of papers relating 

to the geology and paleontology of the area.

*140. Milwaukee special, Wisconsin, 5c.

Gives analyses of spring waters and of artesian water in Milwaukee; also tabulated data concerning wells.

155. Ann Arbor, Mich. 25c.

Discusses the present lakes, the lakes of the glacial period, and under " Economic geology," 

the water resources, including the use of the rivers for power and of the underground waters, 

shallow and artesian, for city and village supplies; discusses the quality of the waters, and gives 

details by townships.

*169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York.

Includes discussion of water supply at Ithaca.

190. Niagara, N. Y. 50c. either edition. _ 

Gives analyses of mineral water from well at Akron; discusses briefly the municipal supplies 

of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Tonawanda, La Salle, and Youngstown, and the use of Niagara River 

for power development.

205. Detroit, Mich. 50c. either edition.

Discusses surface and ground waters; gives mineral analyses of water from Lake Huron, from 

rivers near Detroit, and from salt wells.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the St. Lawrence River basin are the reports of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, the State Geological Survey of Illinois, 

.the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, the New York State Conservation Commission 

and State Water-Supply Commission, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 16). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10,1909.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pubs. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles W. 

Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the Sanitary and Ship canal 

of Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. 

Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

Reports of the water resources investigation of Minnesota, by the State Drainage 

Commission, 1909-1912.

Water powers of Wisconsin, hy L. S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey 

Bull. 20, 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

1915.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by George W. Rafter: New York State MusBull. 85, 1905.

Many of these reports can be obtained from the various commissions, and probably all can be consulted in the public libraries of the 

larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OP GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports that are not readily classifiable 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide range of hydrologic investigations :

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines 

also, storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent nitration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. 0. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity 

of Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several 

types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives re'sume! of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes; 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 5c.

*42. The windmill, its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64,94, and 95.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" gives information concerning temperature, quality of water, purpose of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States 

are arranged alphabetically. A second, revised, edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.). 5c.

94446° 19 WSP 454 10 xxi
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged, edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C, S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motion of underground water; surface and deep 

zones of flow and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the 

shape and position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well; 

describes artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect

on inland-water resources, by M. O. .Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. 0. Leighton. 

1903. 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly, "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water 

supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, anJ 

Ohio River basins; contains many analyses.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c. 

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains, in addition to an account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] 

branch of the United States Geological Survey and the reports of the conference, the following 

papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Ilydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by 

E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instructions for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallies.

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Puller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells aud of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114. Undergound waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of artesian 

flows, and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller, 

1905. 128pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 5c. 

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled weljs, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Eammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records offlowat current-meter gaging stations'during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 

1905. 206 pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 pp., 

38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in' determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104

PP-, 1 pl.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp. 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C. E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made 

at-Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acid 

iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

' R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of amount 

and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of The State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*20Q. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by R. E. 

Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E.B. Phelps. 1909. 37pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes the manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work 

leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by E. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART IV.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yam, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement and the French department of agriculture, 

and gives r&ume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative 

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells 

and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and of costs sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage of wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. Clapp, 

with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 

1912. 228pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, 

the source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details 

by counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The 

underground waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Rio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo rivers.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

nitration and sterilization of water and municipal water softening.
PUBLICATIONS. XXVII

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H.Horton and H. J.Jackson. 1913. 96 pp.,22 pis. 20c. 

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also thecauses 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the whiter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. 0. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c.

*(c) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.

Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by P. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp.,9 pis. 15c.

(c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method of correcting river discharge for a changing stage, by B. E Jones, pp. 117-130.

(0 Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream flow, by 

C. B.. Pierce, pp. 131-139.

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch in December, 1914.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-^51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur J 

Ellis. 1917. 59 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are con. 

tinually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-04. 1917.

427. Bibliography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by 0. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phase of the subject of ground water or any subject directly applicable to ground water. Illustrated by map showing reports that cover specific areas more or less thoroughly.
XXVIII SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET IV.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125-173. 

PI. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 375-561,'pis. 107-146. See Water-Supply Paper 

87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. 111-145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives brief history of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-Calofornia, Wyoming, and Arizona; 

discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of 

supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1-47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 

vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v, 958 pp., 127 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6-16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the depth 

to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of ground 

waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental 

investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous media, and through sand, 

sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes results 

of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth _of rivers, 

rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pis. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahelabasin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86 The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Gal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de&ris."

A highly technical report.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIX

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential streams. The report dealslargely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier decades, the similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, and 

the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests 

cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now carrying heavy loads of debris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. 0. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. 0. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describe the general methods of work; give 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller, 1908. 

44 pp. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems. ,

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from 

the results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, 

silica in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and 

St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

616. The data of geochemistry (third edition), by F. W. Clarke. 1916. 821 pp.

45c.

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the statement and interpretation of water analyses and a chapter on "Mineral wells and springs" (pp. 

179-216). Discusses the definition and classification of mineral waters, changes in the composition of water, deposits of calcareous, ocherous, and siliceous materials made by water, 

vadose and juvenile waters, and thermal springs in relation to volcanism. Describes the different kinds of ground water and gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliography of 

papers containing water analyses.
INDEX BY AKEAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A=Annual Report; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P= Professional Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper;

G F=Geologic folio.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions....................... A 5; B 319; W 67, 114

Bibliographies 1 ............................................... W119,120,163, 427

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation.. W151,236,259, 274, 364; B 479,616 

Conservation......................................................... W 234, 400a

Debris reports.......................................................... P 86, 105

Denudation........................................................... P 72, 105

Divining rod ............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods... P 86; W 1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95,110, 143,146,

150, 180, 187, 200, 257, 337, 345 e, 371, 375 c, e, and/, 400 c and d, 425 c

Floods.......................................................... W 147, 162, 334

Illinois: Quality of waters......................... A 17 ii; W 194, 236, 239; G F 81

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii; W 236, 239; G F 81

Underground waters................ A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57, 114, 149; G F 81

India: Irrigation................................................... A12 ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters.................................... A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters......................................... W 147; M xli; G F 81

Underground waters.... A 18 iv; B 264, 298; W 21, 26, 57, 114, 149, 254; G F 81

Ice measurements................................................ W 146, 187, 337

Irrigation, general....................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87, 93, 146

Legal aspects: Surface waters..................................... W 103, 152, 238

Underground waters.................................................. W 122

Michigan: Quality of waters.............. W 30, 31, 102, 182, 183, 236; G F 155, 205

Surface waters................................... W 30,147, 162; G F 155, 205

Underground waters................................. B 264, 298; W 30, 31, 57,

102,114, 145,149, 160,182,183; G F 155, 205 

Mineral springs: Analyses....................../............. A 14 ii; W 364; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc.............................................. A 14 ii

Lists........................................................... B 32; W114

Minnesota: Quality of waters.......................................... W 193, 236

Surface waters................................................... W 162, 193

Underground waters........................... B 264, 298; W 57, 102, 114, 149

Motions of ground waters............................ A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110, 140

New York: Quality of waters.................... W 110, 144,145, 236; G F 169, 190

Surface waters..................... M xli; W 24, 25,147,162, 187; G F 169, 190

Underground waters..... B 264, 298; W 61, 102, 110, 114, 145, 149; G F 169, 190

Ohio: Quality of waters............................. A 18 iv, 19 iv; W 179, 236, 259

Surface waters.............................................. M xli; W 91, 162

Underground waters................. A 18 iv, 19 iv; B 264, 298; W 91,114,149

Pennsylvania: Surface waters.......................................... W 147, 162

Underground waters.......................... B 264, 298; W 110, 114, 145, 149

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

a Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS. XXXI

*

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................... W 179, 186, 189, 226, 235

By sewage..................................................... W 72, 79, 194

Laws forbidding.................................................. W 103, 152

Indices of......................................................... W 144, 160

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation.......... W 3, 22, 72, 79,

103,110,113,114,121,145,152,160,179,185, 

186,189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification..................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194, 229

Underground water: Legal aspects.......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization........................................ W 114, 255, 257

Pollution................:............................... WHO, 145,160,258

Vermont: Quality of waters............................................ W 144, 236

Surface waters........................................................ W 187

Underground waters..................................... W 102, 110,114, 149

Windmill papers...'...................... ........................ W 8, 20, 41, 42

Wisconsin: Quality of waters............................................ G F 140

Profile surveys....................................................... W 417

Surface waters............................................... W 156; G F140

Underground waters................... B 264,298; W 61,114,145,149; G F 140
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Aminicon River, Wis............. ix

Auglaize River, Ohio............. xi

Au Sable River, Mich............. xi

Ausable River, N. Y .......... .xn, xni

Bad River, Wis................... ix

Beaver Bay River, Minn. ........ ix

Beaver River, N. Y............. xn

Big Chazy River, N. Y........... xn

Black River, N. Y............... xn

Black River, Ohio............... xi

Blanchard River, Ohio........... xi

Black River canal, N. Y......... xn

Boardman River, Mich............ x

Bog River, N. Y.................. xn

Boquet River, N. Y............. xm

Brule River, Minn............... ix

Brule River, Wis. (Tributary to

Lake Michigan................. x

Brule River, Wis. (tributary to

Lake Superior)................ ix

Calumet River, Little, 111......... x

Canadice outlet, N. Y........... xi

Canaseraga Creek, N. Y........... xi

Carp River, Mich................. x

Cascade River, Minn.............. ix

Cass River, Mich................. xi

Cattaragus Creek, N. Y........... xi

CayugaLake, N. Y............... xn

Champlain Lake, Vt............ xn

Chateaugay River, N. Y......... xn

Chazy River, Big, N. Y........... xn

Chittenango Creek, N. Y. ........ xn

Cloquet River, Minn............. ix

Clyde River, Vt.................. xm

Crockery Creek, Mich............. x

Cuyahoga River, Ohio. .......... xi

Dead River, Mich. ............... x

Deer River, N. Y................ xij

Devil Track River, Minn........ ix

Dog River, Vt.................... xm

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

East Creek, Vt.................. xin

Escanaba River, Mich........... x

XXXII

	Page. 

Fall Creek, N. Y................ xn

Fawn River, Mich............... x

Fish Creek, N. Y................. xn

Fish Creek, East Branch, N. Y... xn

Fish Creek, West Branch, N. Y... xn

Flint River, Mich............... xi

Fond du Lac River, East Branch

Wia........................... x

Fond du Lac River, West Branch,

Wis........................... x

Forestport feeder, N. Y........... xn

Fox River, Wis.................. x

Genesee River, N. Y. ........... xi

George, Lake, N. Y............... xin

Grand River, Mich.............. x

Green River, Vt................. xin

Hemlock Lake, N. Y............ xi

Honeoye Creek, N. Y............ xi

Huntington River, Vt............. xm

Huron River, Mich. ............. xi

Iron River, Mich................ x

Kalamazoo River, Mich.......... x

Keshequa Creek, N. Y........... xi

Lake Champlain, Vt.............. xn

Lake George, N. Y............... xin

Lake George outlet, N. Y. ....... xin

Lamoille River, Vt. .............. xm

Little Calumet River, 111......... x

Little River, Vt................. xin

Little Tonawanda Creek, N. Y.... xi

Little Wolf River, Wis............ - x

Mad River, Vt................... xin

Manistee River, Mich............ x

Maumee River, Ohio............ xi

Menominee River, Mich., Wis.... x

MettaweeRiver, N. Y............ xin

Middle Branch or Fork, See name

of main stream.

Milwaukee River, Wis............ x

Missisquoi River, Vt............. xm

Moose River, N. Y.............. xn

Moose River, Middle Branch, N. Y xn

Muskegou River, Mich........... x

Niagara River, N. Y.............. xi
INDEX OP» STEEAMS. XXXIII

Oconto River, Wis................

Oneida Creek, N. Y..............

Oneida River, N. Y..............

Onondago Creek, West Branch,

N.Y...........................

Onon/laga Lake outlet, N. Y......

Ontonagon River, Mich..........

Orwell Brook, N. Y..............

Oswegatchie River, N. Y........

Oswegatchie River, East Branch,

N. Y..........................

Oswegatchie River, West Branch,

N. Y..........................

Oswego River, N. Y..............

Ottawa River, Ohio..............

Otter Creek, Vt.................

Owasco Lake outlet, N. Y.........

Perch River, Mich...............

Peshtigo River, Wis..............

Pike River, Wis..................

Pin,e River, Wis..................

Poplar River, Minn...............

Poultney River, Vt..............

Raquette River, N. Y............

Red Cedar River, Mich...........

Reeds Springs, Mich.............

Richelieu River, N. Y............

Rifle River, Mich...............

St. Francis River, Quebec.......

x

xn 

xn

xn 

xn

IX

xn 

xn

xn 

xn

XI

xm 

xn 

x 

x 

x 

x

IX

xm

xn

x

x

xn

XI

xin

Page.

St. Joseph River, Ind............. xi

St. Joseph River, Mich.......... x

St. Louis River, Minn............ ix

St. Marys River, Ind............. xi

St. Regis River, N. Y............ xn

Salmon River, N. Y.............. xn

Sandusky River, Ohio............ xi

Saranac River, N. Y............. xn

Seneca Lake, N. Y................ xn

Seneca River, N. Y.............. xi

Sheboygan River, Wis............ x

Shiawassee River, Mich.......... xi

Skaneateles Lake and outlet, N. Y. xn

Sturgeon River, Mich............ x

Thunder Bay River, Mich....... xi

Tiffin River, Ohio................ xi

Tittabawassee River, Mich....... xi

Tonawanda Creek, Little, N. Y... xi

Tonawanda Creek, N. Y.......... xi

Waupaca River, Wis............. x

West Branch of Fork. See name

of main stream.

Whiteface River, Minn. ......... ix

Winooski River, Vt.............. xin

Winooski River, Worcester Branch,

Vt............................. xin

Wolf River, Little, Wis............ x

Wolf River, West Branch, Wis.... x

Wolf River, Wis.................. x

ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

15 CENTS PER COPY 

V